MANUAL
SOUTHEASTERN
FLORA
BEING DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SEED PLANTS GROWING NATURALLY
IN FLORIDA, ALABAMA, MISSISSIPPI, EASTERN LOUISIANA,
TENNESSEE, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA
AND GEORGIA
ILLUSTRATED
BY
JOHN KUNKEL SMALL
CHAPEL HILL
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS
T A
ES qd 422] E vot
COPYRIGHT 1933 BY
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS
Manufactured in the United States of America
CONTENTS
Preface .
Introduction
Key to the Orders
Descriptive Flora
ppendix ..
Genera and species published in this Flora ..
Table of Orders and Families
Index .....
1513-1554
PREFACE
This volume is designed to record and deseribe the species of native
and naturalized flowering plants known by the author to grow naturally
in the southeastern United States south of the northern boundaries of
North Carolina and Tennessee and east of the Mississippi River. The
species are grouped in genera, families, and orders, and are so arranged
and deseribed that they may be identified by means of the analytieal keys
and synopses given under each group, mainly by a study of the morphol-
ogy of the flowers and the fruits. |
The arrangement of the natural plant families is essentially that of
Engler and Prantl, Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, although in a few
eases modifications of the sequence there adopted seemed to be desirable.
The deseriptive matter has been made very short, except in special cases.
In order to facilitate the traeing and determination of genera and species,
a drawing showing a flower and its gross morphology and a fruit, of the
first species under each genus is given. The illustrations are not made
to a seale, but the sizes of some of the parts are usually given in the de-
the rw du of those of the grasses, whieh were made by Mrs. Agnes
Chase,! and those of Carex which were made by Mr. H. Creutzberg, through
the interest of Mr. K. K. Mackenzie.
the matter of the interpretation of species and genera what has
— to the author a balanced course has been followed—traditional
“lumping” and modern "splitting" have not influenced the treatments o
the various groups. Complex genera have been divided into more natural
groups, both for convenience of study and also in order to make the gen-
era, as far as possible, correspond i in rank to the great majority of groups
of species now recognized as genera by most present-day botanists.
Species have been interpreted in the broader sense; minor variations of
species, "varieties" or “subspecies” have not been considered to any great
extent. “Subvarieties”, "forms", “subforms” have not been considered
at all.
The names adopted for species and genera in this volume are those
whieh to the best of the author's knowledge, were first applied to each,
accompanied or supported by an adequate description, and in the case of
genera by specific references, from the time (1753) when binomial desig-
The drawings for the grasses were made with the understanding that they
were Us be reduced to 1 inch square, allowance being made for such reduction.
Coarseness of the pre dois if any, is due to the fact that the drawings were
not reduced in engravin g.
v
vi PREFACE
nation of species was definitely introduced n biological nomenclature,
unless epee for another species or genus.?
uring the preparation of this manual, numerous botanists, natural-
ists, and puts helped continuously by the contribution of specimens
and of information relating to the vegetation and its distribution, in short,
doing much to help to make this volume complete.
Botanists as indieated below kindly prepared the NC for several
plant-families printed in this volume: POACEAE, by D . S. Hiteheock;
POLEMONIACEAE, by Dr. E. T. Wherry; su d bin by Dr.
Pennell; PINGUICULACEAE, by Dr. J. H. Barnhart; LORANTHACEAE, by Dr.
William Trelease. The text for certain genera was prepared by the follow-
ing botanists: Iris, Vincet , Odontostephana, Scutellaria, Laciniaria,
Zinnia, Melanthera, O Cosmos, Emilia, by Mr. E. J. Alexander;
Philadelphus, by Mr. C. D. Beadle; Crataegus, by Mr. Ivar Tidestrom;
Tilia, by Mr. B. F. Bush; Physalis, Acanthoxanthium, Xanthium, by the
late Dr. P. A. Rydberg; Carex, Solidago, by Mr. K. K. Mackenzie; Rud-
beckia, by Mr. C. L. Boynton and Mr. C. D. Beadle; Helianthus, by Mr.
E. E. Watson; Coreopsis, by Mr. F. E. Boynton; Bidens, by Dr. Karl
M. Wiegand. The following genera were revised: Viola, Aster, by Mr.
E. J. Alexander. Assistance is preparing the text of Philotria and
of Trillium was furnished by Dr. Harold St. John and Mr. Donald C.
Peattie, respectively.
Help in many ways was given by my associates on the botanical staff
of the Garden. Among those who participated in intensive field-work of
the past two decades were Mr. Charles A. Mosier, the late Captaim, Paul A.
Matthaus, and Mr. John B. DeWinkeler. Both the galley and the page
proof have been read by Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, who also supplied the
provincial distribution- of the species, checked many of the geographic
ranges, and furnished data as to habitats and soils. The galley proof was
read in whole or in part by Mr. Kenneth K. Mackenzie, Dr. N. L. Britton,
Dr. Roland M. Harper, Mr. Edward J. Alexander, and Miss Bertha Picker-
ing, while each contributor of generic or family treatments, as indicated in
the text, read the proofs of these.
he author is indebted to Dr. John H. Barnhart for advice and
information on many botanical and bibliographie questions that arose
throughout the years of preparation of the manuseript and the reading
, ?' The manuscript of the grasses (POACEAE) was completed several years
ago and was held i n proof along with other parts of this wo pir It was there-
fore impracticable 39 bring the nomenelature into aecord with the rules of
nomenclature which Dr. Hitchcock is now following. This ee also ap-
plies to the treatment of the’ a (RHINANTHACEAE) by Dr. Pennell, and to
the on of several other families and genera by others, for which credit is
giv
PREFACE vii
of the proof and to Mr. E. J. Alexander for cooperation in studies on
many genera and species.
The completion of the manuscript was made possible, in part, by the
eooperation of the Board of Managers of The New York Botanical Garden.
The publieation was made possible, in part, by the interest of the late
Mr. Charles Deering.
The numerous specimens, which the investigations connected with this
work have brought to the author during a period of thirty-five years, along
with much botanical information, have been incorporated in the herbarium,
the museums, and the records of the Garden.
JOHN K. SMALL.
THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN,
Bronx PARK, NEw York, N. Y.
November 30, 1933
INTRODUCTION
This manual supplants, in part, the Flora of the Southeastern United
States published by the author in 1903 (seeond edition 1913). at
volume reeorded and deseribed the flowering plants and pteridophyta?
known at that time to grow naturally in the southern United States east
of the one hundredth meridian of longitude. The complexity and magni-
tude of the flora in this area, resulting from its proximity to the tropies,
the intrusion of the northern highlands, and the extension of the Great
Plains and the deserts from the west, made it seem desirable to divide the
“Flora” into two parts. The result is the present volume and a proposed
volume to inelude the area west of the Mississippi River south of the same
degree of latitude and east of the western boundary of Texas. Thus
smaller volumes will result, and plants may be traced by the analytieal
keys with greater ease, since fewer genera and species are usually involved.
he geographic area concerned represents one of the cradles of bot
on the American mainland, for on the coasts of the Gulf States mi
Spanish expeditioners were necessarily, not by choice, brought into close
contact with the native vegetation. They left us printed records of the
uses made of various plants by the aborigines and by themselves for foods,
drinks, medicines, clothing, utensils, and fumitories. Their interest was
not wholly utilitarian, for some plants so impressed them, the cacti for
example, that they took them back to Europe and grew them ther
out a eentury after the discovery of America by esas living
specimens of plants from the Atlantic coast began to find their way into
European botanic gardens. Explorations by plant collectors were soon
extended into the highlands and into the Florida peninsula. Later, col-
lectors were sent over from Europe and Pa were commissioned by
European patrons of botany to explore for plan American residents
about this time began to publish the results of m studies. Today t
works on the flora are numerous.
The first American botanical pum in the northeast developed near
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the middle part of the eighteenth century,
as a result of the plant-eolleeting activities of John Bartram. Here many
of the plants. of the southeast were cultivated. In thé second half of that
century the first botanieal garden in the southeast grew about the home of
Thomas Walter on the Santee River north of Charleston, South Carolina.
Walter’s association with this native flora crystallized into the first manual
of the plants of a more or less definite geographic area, under the title
Flora Caroliniana, in 1788. Interest in the native plants and in botany
inereased and reached a eulmination about the middle of the last eentury,
3 The pteridophyta are omitted from the present work.
_ ©. S.
x INTRODUCTION
in the publication of Chapman’s Flora of the Southern United States, in
1860. Then, botanical activity waned in the South. Toward the end of
the last century, however, a revival took place in the southeastern states,
mainly through the activities of permanent and transient residents, of
plant collectors, and of botanists and naturalists who moved into the region
to fill professional positions.
In pioneer days with the horse and few trails, the sail-boat and un-
developed water-ways, botanical exploration was restricted to limited areas
and progressed slowly, consequently the botanical harvests were often scant.
Since the advent of the automobile, the motor-boat, and the construction
of a vast network of highways, canals, and improved waterways, largely
through virgin country, a vast territory, until recently inaccessible, has been
made to yield numerous botanical and horticultural treasures. As a con-
sequence, many additional species and not a few genera of all groups of
plants have been recorded for the area under consideration only since the
end of the last century.
The area extends over about twelve degrees of latitude. The southern
limit lies within less than a hundred miles of the Tropic of Cancer. The
northern limit is not very far north, but two mountain ranges, with a mul-
titude of peaks rising to between five and six thousand feet and several
to more than six thousand, furnish a cool climate representing a high lati-
tude through altitude. Intermediate altitudes (Piedmont and Appalachian
Plateau) supply still other elements for greater variety in the vegetation.
s compared with northeastern America there are one-third more species
in about one-fifth the area. Three main factors contribute to this con-
dition—latitude, geology, physiography.
The ancestors of our present plant-covering were subjected to both
and minor earth disturbances, elevations and depressions and re-
semen of the land-mass. Submergences also destroyed vast areas
coastwise vegetation several times. When the areas emerged from the
sea for the last time and the higher lands became more stable, the coastwise
areas were populated from both the plant refuges in the highlands and
those of continental and insular regions lying to the south. Whether these
early floras were more extensive in kinds and density of population than
those of today we shall never know. The records of several different
floras are preserved in the sedimentary rocks, but they are naturally very
incomplete. Large areas of eroded materials of the very old geological
formations, often segregated into areas of different kinds of soil, such as
sand, clay, marl, loam, in the Coastal Plain and the Piedmont, very defi-
nitely contribute to the complexity of the flora. Then, in relatively recent
geologic time, came the advance of successive great ice-sheets from the
north as far south as New Jersey and Pennsylvania, with accompanying
eold, which killed the vegetation before their immediate front, while they
INTRODUCTION xi
advanced, or drove the more distant plants southward. When the ice
receded to the north some plants at the south doubtless succumbed as the
temperature rose to a point beyond their enduranee more rapidly than
they could migrate; while others accommodated themselves to the new
conditions, and traveled back to their former, more northern latitudes.
Thus our present plant population shows the results of invasions from
the north. On the other hand, peninsular Florida, and in a lesser degree
the more northern Gulf Coast, received many elements from the West
Indies near at hand, and from northern South America, carried over a
narrow ocean area by birds, winds, and currents. The physiographic struc-
ture. of the area involved furnishes a sliding seale, either from the boreal
to the tropical or vice versa, so that any plant which gains a foothold in
the area might find conditions suitable for its growth and maintenance.
The above remarks apply mainly to the eastern part of the area; here we
find a very dense plant population, specifically and generically considered.
In the western part there are less differences in elevation, and much simpler
geologic history; here there is sparser plant-population both in density and
variety.
There are many locally peculiar minor plant areas. For example,
capes, peninsulas, coastal sand-dunes, river-deltas, river-valleys or water-
sheds, swamps, marshes, plateaus, mountain-valleys, mountain ranges, and
mountain peaks, each harboring peculiar or endemic plants.
he accompanying map shows the territory included in the South-
eastern States and the Southcentral States. The Mississippi River divides
the area into approximate halves. Both areas are shown for convenience
in tracing the geographic distribution of the plants, and to show the rela-
tion of the floras of the two areas. These are closely related at the boun-
dary line, for they both naturally merge in the ancient delta of the Mis-
sissippi River or the present Coastal Plain part of the Mississippi water-
shed.
ir the HL of each species, and separated by a dash
from it (or from synonyms or common names whieh may be introduced at
this Pen i habitat, Lie province, and the geographic range are stated.
tat—Not only are the physical features briefly characterized, but
in eases w UR it seems noteworthy, something is stated as to the chemical
nature of the soil, that is whether it is acid, neutral, or alkaline, whether
silieeous or ealeareous. When the habitat is given as pinelands, the soil
may be inferred to be acid, except in southern Florida, where the pine-
woods cover limestone rocks and have more or less alkaline soil. Other-
wise, where no statement is made as to soil reaetion, either no data are
available or else the plant appears to be indifferent to this factor.
Provinces.—Each species is here assigned to one or more physiographie
provinces. These are used instead of life-zones because the latter do not
29
j PLANT PROVINCES
, -— UA .
LS A. Pd Eom G. Ouachita
M E 2: a Ws p. P H. Ozark
I Cho g X Blue Ridge L' Central Lowland
d M ot D. Appalachian Valley J. Great Plains
7A Tn Pi y ©. Appala K. Basin and Ran nge
ms "MES Plate ay L. EM CEN
7 o 50 100 90 300 4Q0MileS F. Interior Low Moun |
190 — 290 400 — tQ0Kilometers E CNN Plateaus aes tee |
] | > u P
105 101 97 03 89 85 \ 8l 77
S
INTRODUCTION xiii
ied Lo very well the distributional relations of plants in our region.
n the east Gulf Coastal Plain, where the Lower Austral life-zone
should supposedly be represented, there occur many Transition and even
Canadian plants which have pushed southward, west of the Appalachian
mountains, in some past geological period and have persisted there. Again,
in the Blue Ridge, where on ascending a high mountain the theoretical
sequence shoul e Upper Austral—Transition—Canadian—Hudsonian,
one finds instead a mixture of Upper Austral and Transition plants on
the lower slopes, Canadian plants further up, but then instead of any-
thing more boreal, a mixture of plants characterizing the Upper Austral
of the Atlantic Coastal Plain mingled with many Transition shrubs and
Canadian trees at the summit. It has accordingly seemed best to refer the
plants only to the physiographie provinees in which they have been ob-
served to grow, and to leave the untangling of the o E of life-
zone relations to other writers.
The physiographic province names used have been taken, with minor
modifications, from *Physiographie Divisions of the United States.”* The
boundaries of those lying within our limits are indicated on the accompany-
ing sketch map (figure Hs and certain points concerning their positions are
here diseussed.
Physiographic province . Discuss bue
Coastal Plain Separated in ‘¢ Atlantic?’ and
l «€ E i Coastal Plain, “the division between these
extending from Macon; Ga., to Gainesville, Fla.
Piedmont Alabama. to New York; between the Coastal Plain
and the Blue Ridge and Appalachian provinces
Appalachian Valley l Often collectively referred to as ''Appalachian
Appalachian Plateau provinces.’
New "England Includes E Canada; often di ivided into **Upland??
and ‘‘Coast,’’ the division between these lying
Pond 30 miles inland.
Interior Low Plateaus Northern Alabama to Southern Illinois, Indiana,
| and Ohio.
Central Lowland The POUR ‘immediately surrounding Lakes Michi-
gan, Huron, and Eri often se d e HO
to as the » ‘Great Lakes TEM nd.’
Great Plains E Texas to North Dakota.
Ozark Plateaus Northern Arkansas to central Missouri.
Ouachita "E | Central Arkansas to eastern Oklahoma.
Basin-and-range Western Texas to California and southern Oregon.
4 Nevin M. Fenneman, Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 1917, reprinted 1921.
xiv INTRODUCTION
|. In idc the following special groupings of provinces are often
found eonven :
“Coastal ‘Plain and adj. provinces.” Plants thus annotated appear
to reach their maximum development on the Coastal Plain, but also occur
northward and westward in the Piedmont, Appalachian Valley, Appa-
lachian Plateau, and other provinces which border the Coastal Plain.
“Various provinces, in Coastal Plain only N.” These plants are not
known to grow in the Coastal Plain within our limits, although they may
be abundant in or even typical of that province further northward, as in
Va., Md., or N. J.
“Blue Ridge and more N Provinces.” In this manner are designated
plants which reach their greatest development in regions north (and north-
west) of our limits, or in some cases in the Rocky Mountains.
s the states of Florida, Mississippi, and Louisiana lie essentially
within the Coastal Plain, plants limited to them have not required spe-
cial mention of province. Moreover, plants occurring “in salt-marshes
along the coast” or “on sand-dunes,” are so obviously limited to the Coastal
Plain that statement of it has been omitted. It is of course realized that
the Coastal Plain is not an ecological unit, being divisible into a consider-
able number of areas with different soils and other features; however, in a
work of the scope of the present volume it is impracticable to go into
details in this respect, which must be left for the writers of local floras.
. While every effort has been made to have these province-assignments
ue the data in the literature are often inadequate to decide the exact
of g spe icd and errors which users of this work may discover
will "s aa eee rece
Range.—Instead of eallowiue the usual plan of beginning range state-
ments at the northeast, we begin at the southeasternmost state within our
limits at which the plant is known to occur. When the starting-point lies
toward the eastern coast, the final state named is that lying furthest north-
east, as “Ga. to La., Minn, and Me.” When, however, the start is made
far inland, the last PN given is the southernmost in which the plant ap-
proaches the coast, as “Tenn. to Mo., Mich., N. Y., and Va.” The pri-
mary reason for this method is that his manual covers southern plants,
= and users are naturally most interested in the places where the plant
occurs in the south, hence it is convenient to have the southern limits
come first. There is, however, also a scientific significance to the plan, in
that the last great plant migration on this continent, resulting from the
climatic change connected with the retreat of the ice-sheets of the final
stage of the Glacial Period, consisted in a movement of plants from south
to north, of which the range as stated may give a rough picture.
J. K. S.
P d
KEY TO THE ORDERS
Subkingdom iecur pbi i UP E Plants
Plants producing flowers and seeds. A contains an embryo consisting of a
Short stem (radicle, caulicle, OI one, two, or several rudimentr|
lea es (cotyledons), and a terminal bud (plumule
Carpel or pistil representéd by a scale on the face of which the ovules are borne.
and on which the naked Sees ERA He: Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE.
Carpel or ne with a closed cavity within whieh the ovules are borne and the
seeds mature Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE.
1. Gymnosper
mae
Plants growing by single terminal bud or sometimes with adventitious buds, when with
pinnate leav es, circinate in bud.
PA
Palm- n Run dura like RAN Leaves in a crown: blades pinnate. Flowers
of app mate scales or on less modified ue Staminate
Cond. " ith Seales Bcarina several pollen-saes. Ovulate con e 1H two
or more ovules on each scale. Seed drupe-like a nut-li
Order E ERR 1
RATIB m Leav es scale-like, narrow, or nee poss e and often borne in
a cone of dry or fleshy scales, or partly or wholly naked. cA group devel-
oped later iud more highly organized than the CYCADALE
m PINALES. 2
2. Angiospermae
Embryo with a single cotyledon, the early leaves alternate; blades, except
Smilacaceae, parallel-veined : stem with a mass of cellular tissue through Which
oody fibers are scattered: flower with the parts in threes or sixes.
Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES.
Embryo usually with a pair of opposite cotyledones, the early leaves opposite ;
blade net-veined: stem with central pith, aaa in lay E of wood which is
surrounded by bark: flower with the parts in fours or five
Subelass 2 2. DICOTYLEDONES,
1. MONOCOTYLEDONES
Perianth rudimentary or degenerate, the members often bristles or mere scales,
not coro lla-like, or oM
pn Box in the axils of dry or ed braets (scales or glumes).
e t
of bristles or chaffy scales. Order PANDANALES. 13
Perianth fleshy or herbaceous, ros wanting.
Fruit baccate: endosperm present. Order ARALES. 243
Fruit dr sare one endosperm wanting. Order NATADALE S. 14
Flowers D. rus axils or dry or chaffy, usually imbricated, Brat (seales
or glum rder POALES. 29
Perianth of 2 dis stinct series, the inner series usually corolloid.
Gynoecium of ee carpels. Order ALISMALES. 220
Gynoecium of un MC arpels.
Endosperm m . Order XYRIDALES. 250
io
orbs, or ee shru bs or trees, with simple leaves: ovules
2—many in each cavity of the ovary, or solitary only in the
ease of a few herbs.
oe not a fleshy spadix Order LILIALES. 273
Inflorescence a fleshy spadix subtended by a spathe.
Order ARALES. 243
Trees or shrubs, with pinnately or palmately Compound or lobed
leaf-blades : ovules soli itary in each cavity of the ovary.
Order ARECALES. 236
Ovary, o rud wholly inferior or half-inferior.
Endosperm present and usually copious.
ers regular: androecium not reduced.
rder AMARYLLIDALES. 314
Flowers very irregular: androecium much cedaced and modi-
ed. Order SCITAMINALES. 358
Endosperm wanting. . "mu
ose Flowers regular, monoecious or dioecious: aquatic
Order HYDROCHARITALES. 26
Flowers irregular, perfect: terrestrial or epiphyuc plants.
Order ORCHIDALES. 362
XV
xvi | KEY TO THE ORDERS
. DICOTYLEDONES
Corolla wanting, except in the pistillate flowers of Juglans (Juglandaceae).
Calyx DIM at least in the staminate flowers, SEED sometimes in
Casuarina (Casuarinaceae).
Flowers mainly perfect.
Seeds solitary in each carpel or in each cavity of the ovary:
endosperm present.
Flowers spicate: styles wanting: stigmas sessile.
Order PIPERALES.
Flowers axillary: styles present.
Gallitrichaceae in Order EUPHOBBIALES.
Seeds numerous in each cavity of the ovary: endosperm wanting.
Podostemaceae in Order ROSALES.
wers monoecious or dioecious. Order EUPHORBIALES.
_ Trees or shrubs: flowers monoe ci ous or dioecious, or po seama
Leaves represented by appressed whorled scales: stems ner ches
loosely joint Order CASUARINALES.
Leaves noe "appressed seales: stems or branches not loose jointed.
- Fruit 1-seeded : e Without tuits of hairs.
vules 1 or 2 in each c of the bad: flowers not in heads.
Gonocelunm a stigma 1: ovule laterally attached
and amphitropous. ro der LEITNERIALES.
iK ce Or pend stigmas a e oo and amphi-
hotropo Order MYRICALES.
Pistillate. flowers with a calyx: ovule pendulous and
ous.
at blades simple.
nut or an achen
Oo in Order FAGALES.
Fruit & dru Olea s E IOS OLEALES.
Leaf-blades Comp um: fruit a s
eaceae an Onder OLEALES.
Ovules many: flowers aggregated into dense heads.
Altingiaceae m Order ROSALES.
Fruit many-seeded : seeds each with a tuft of hair
Or de E SALICALES,
Calyx present at least in the staminate or in the perfect flow
aves represented by appressed whorled scales : branches Weasels jointed.
rder CASUARINALES.
Leaves not appressed scales: branches not loosely jointe ca
Flowers, at least the staminate, in aments, or c Hm spikes.
Leaf- MATE simple: ovule pendulous and anatro opou
Pis AA flowers separate at maturity : fruit. 2 nut or
BEES.
Pistillate flowers forming aggregate fruits T drupe-like.
. Artocarpaceae in Order URTICALES.
Leaf-blades pinnately compound: ovule erect and orthotropous.
er JUGLANDALES.
Flowers, at least the staminate, not in aments.
Ovary feed
Gynoecium ‘of 1 or several and distinct earpels: stigma and
tyle solitary.
carpe solitary.
tyle lateral and Be leery
Petiveriaceae in Order CHENOPODIALES.
Style, axile, érec
Ovary “neither a nor seated in a hypanthium
Flowers not solitary in axils; land plants.
Filaments free and distinct.
Urticaceae in Order URTICALES.
Filaments ganas to the sepals or to the
ealyx-tube. Order oe aa
Flowers solitary in axils uatic plant
Ceratophyllaceae Ha Order RANALES.
Ovary ne in or seated in a hypanthium or
alyx-tu
Stamens d under the gynoecium.
llioniaceae in Order CHENOPODIALES.
Stamens borne on the hypanthium or adnate to
the calyx-tube. Order THYMELEALES.
Carpels several.
Stamens inserted below the ovary.
Families in Order RANALES.
PAGE
415
1037
1037
KEY TO THE ORDERS
PA
odes s Pieced on the edge of a cup-shaped hy-
t
g
pan Rosaceae in Order ROSALES.
Sy of 2 2 oF several united carpels: stigmas or styles
or seve
Ovary, by Bbo dem 1- cell ed and 1-ovuled.
. Lea ves with sheathing stipules (ocreae).
Order POLYGONALES.
Leaves, estipulate, or stipules present if they are not
Trees or shrubs.
Anthers opening by slits: ovary not seated in
hypanthi Imaceae in Order a.
Anthers aE by hinged valves: ovary seated
n accrescent hypanthium.
.Lauraceae in Order THYMELEALES.
Herbs or vine
Leaves with s l
pu Horace B inflorescence spicate or
o e. palmately veined.
nabinaceae in Order URTICALES.
E scari ous or hyaline: inflorescence
ue blades pinnately veined.
milies in Order CHENOPODIALES.
Leaves without n pules;
Sti entir Order CHENOPODIALES.
Suas 2- cleft.
Euphorbiaceae in Order EUPHORBBIALES.
Ovary several-celled, or with several a, seyeral-
ovu
n Stamens h ypogynous, inserted under the gynoecium in
mE the perfect flowers, not on a disk in the pistillate
EIS
Herbs.
Flowers perfect.
Ovary several-celled.
Fruit baecate or nut-like, or a circum-
Saisie capsule, the carpels terminal on
the D
milies in Order CHENOPODIALES.
Fruit of pore DV lateral on the
receptacle, each carpel circumscissile.
enthoraceae in Order ROSALES.
Ovary ces celle
Sta E not ` tetradynamou S,
Le ce rder CHENOPODIALES.
Stanes tetradynamous : ovary 2-celled.
Brassicaceae in Order PAPAVERALES.
. Flowers SOHO o or dioecious,
M. und ae raphe towards the axis of
yn
Euphorbiscede in Order EUPHORBIALES.
Mrs me a a away from the axis
e gyn
Bu B in Order SAPINDALES.
Trees or shrubs.
Gynoecium 5- carpellary, the carpels nearly dis
inct. Buettneriaceae in Order MALVALES.
Gynoecium 2-4-carpellary, the carpels nen
Ovary 4-celled : fleshy maritime shru
Ba tidaceae in ur CHENOPODIALES.
Ovary 2-celled : plan nn fles
acne in Order OLEALES.
Stamens perigynous or epi e aes on the mar-
gin of a el ad aaa or a
Fruit a sama Families in Order SAPINDALES.
Fruit n a v
Fru Ü dE. or berry-like: shrubs or trees.
Order RHAMNALES.
Fr D acapsule: herbs. Order ARISTOLOCHIALES.
Ovary inferio
Flowers nor in involucrate heads.
Fr uit 3-winged, a Into 3 nutlets.
nia in Order RHAMNALES.
Fruit neither. 3- winged. TOF splitting into carpels.
‘Fru ita berry or a drupe, or nut-like,
443
830
1279
834
xviii KEY TO THE ORDERS
Calyx deciduous as a lid: stamens numerous.
Calyptranthes in Order TE
Calya n valvate or imbricated sepals: sta-
ns few
Mens as many as the perianth-members
and alternate with them, or fewer.
Herbs, with succulent stems and leaves,
2 or woody below: boni Dee
Tetragoniacea
face CH ORO DIIEES.
Trees or shrubs: flowers dioecious.
yssaceae in Order AMMIALES.
Stamens as many as the perianth-members
and opposite them, or twice as many.
Styles present.
Ovules mostly on basal placentae,
sometimes pendulous: eotyledons
not convolute : ree-
S Ae
on bas
eptyledons | a CE not para-
itic
Fhm ilies in Order MYRTALES.
Styles wild. stigmas sessile.
Gunneraceae in Order MYRTALES.
Fruit a capsule,
Sepals as many as the ovary-cavities or one
half as many.
cd regular and the sepals half as
as the cavities in the ovary, or
r rder ARISTOLOCHIALES.
Calyx regular and the a as many as
the cavities in the o
"Order MYRTALES.
Sepals 4-5) at least twice as many as the
e cavities (
axifragaceae in Order ROSALES.
Flowers, at least the staminate, in involucrate heads.
Am brosiaceae in Order CARDUALES.
Corolla present.
Petals distinct, at least at the bas
*Carpels solitary, or several and distinct: or united only at the base.
at the bas e of the receptacle, i. ae hypogyn ous.
ers in iBoHoecIOUe Platanaceae in Order ROSALES.
Flowers not in aY heads
ants with relatively firm Stems and leaves, not succulent.
Order RANALES.
Plants with succulent stems and e
as in Order ROSALES.
Stamens on the margin of a hypanthium (the hypanthium very small
in some Saxifragaceae).
Plants without secreting glands in the bark Order ROSALES.
Plants with secreting glands in the bark.
Surianaceae in Order GERANIALES.
ug dus several and united.
vary superior
amens Inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle.
. Stam numerous.
Sepals s imbricate d.
“alyx deciduous. Order PAPAVERALES.
Calyx. persistent.
Stigmas pinnatifid : insectivorous plants
Di wT in Order Scene:
Stigmas not pinnatifid: plants not insectivorous
(except in Sarraceniales):
Styles or stigmas distinct or united, but not dis-
coid.
Leaves glandular or pellucid-punctate.
acentae axile.
utaceae in Order GERANIALES.
Placentae parietal.
anellaceae in Order HYPERICALES
Leaves not glandular.
Placentae parietal: gynoecium with a 1-
celled ovary. .
Anther-sacs opening lengthwise.
Capparidaceae in Order PAPAVERALES.
1297
756
e
=!
e
KEY TO THE ORDERS xix
Anther-sacs opening at t top.
Bixaceae in Order fier ERICALES. 864
Placentae axile or central: gynoecium
with a 2—several-celled ovary, (or with
distinct eds els.
Theaceae in Order HyPERICALES. S75
PS io eun as united. into a disk.
ts.
etals. and sepals numerous: leaves with
des: aquatic plants.
M aaa in Order RANALES. 540
ds and B DT fev e EA with pitcher-
1 og p
Sa arraceniaceae in Order SARRACENIALES. 580
Shrubs or trees : plants not aquatic
Clusiaceae in Order Hp pices: 865
Sepals valvate
Stamens with distinct filaments.
-celled : placentae parietal.
apparidaceae in Order PAPAVERALES. 575
Ovary 2-several-celled : placentae Bic or central.
Families in Order MALVALES. 840
Stamens with united amnes rder MALVALES. 840
PE ta n iod twice as many as the petals.
Stam asm S the petals and ooh them.
nthe aes nennt by hinged valve
Po M DhyHacené in Order RANALES. 543
Anther-sacs opening by slits
1 rs monoecious,
Euphorbiaceae in Order EUPHORBIALES. 1775
Flowers perfect.
Ovules, or seeds, several or many: embryo coiled.
ortulacaceae in Order Bue AMEN 493
Ovules, or seeds, solitary ; e mbryo stra
rmeriaceae in Order BEDNUDIUES. 1020
Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or
more, sometimes twice as many.
Stamens 6: petals 4: sepals 2 or 4.
Families in Order PAPAVERALES. 546
pn M s and sepals of the same number, or sta-
more, usually twice as many as the sepals or
E s
W. 1-celled.
Ovules, or seeds, on basal or central placentae
Herbs. Families in Order CEBNOTODIADES: 461
Trees or shrubs.
Stamens with free and distinct filam
Tamaricaceae in Order HEPERI ICALES. 866
Stamens with partially united filaments, and
usually aped 2 LE corolla.
St in Order EBENALES. 1036
Ovules, or seeds, on r placeni
Stigmas 2- cleft.
Anther with an inconspicuous connective.
Stigmas net brush-like.
Droseraceae in Order SARRACENIALES. 578
Stisinas brush. like
a Ou. in Order H M 877
Anther with the ee connective pro-
duced beue the saes
ceae in Order PASSIFLORALES. 894
Stigmas enti d
Stamens with ode filaments and no stami-
Bora Families in M MALVALES. 840
Stamens with distinct filam
Staminodia presen
Parnassiaceae in Order RosALEs. 589
Staminodia anne
Families in Order HYPERICALES. 864
Ovary several-c
Stamens cana to the gynoecium.
sclepiadaceae in EE CCROEPEIGDADERS 1064
Stamens not adnate to the gynoe
Stamens with wholly or. partly "united filaments.
Anthers open lengthw "
milies in Order GERANIALES. 1743
Anthers Beine by pores
Polygalaceae in Order POLYGALALES. 76
Stamens with distinct filaments.
KEY TO THE ORDERS
Anthers opening 2. pore
milies in Order ERICALES.
Anthers opening Bi sli
Stigmas or styles distinet and cleft, or
foliaceous, or o ed by pairs.
er Eeo An
Stigmas or styles all distinet or all united,
n cleft nor foliaceous.
s2, Olea xn. in Order OLEALES.
B umen more
Leaves with compound blades.
Families in Order GERANIALES.
Leaves with Simple blades.
in Order
RANIALES.
Styles united : ovule erect or
ascendin
Li mnanthaceae
der SAUDI DAPES:
Ovules 2 or viole 7 each carpel.
owers irregular: stamens
united Sd the top or
ile.
Balsaminaceae in
rder GERANIALES.
Placentae parieta al.
Violaceae n Order
PER
Flowers regular stamens
neither united nor con
verging at op.
Carpels not circumscis-
sile at maturity.
Placentae parietal,
Cista
n Or der
Hon ue
Hacen. axile or
entral.
Stvles distinct,
Elatinaceae
e cee.
Styles united.
Ovary sessile:
P fili-
Tiliaceae in
Order
Koeberliniaceae
n Order
GER ANIALES.
Carpels circumseissile at
maturity.
Penthoraceae in
Order ROSALES.
pne inserted on the margin of a disk or hypanthium (perigyn-
us or hypogynous).
Stamens fewer than the sepals or the petals.
Hippocrateaceae in Order SAPINDALES.
Stamens as many as the sepals or the petals, or more.
Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them.
iine a n TE r part of the ovaries distinct: ovules
many. axifragaceae in Order ROSALES.
Styles united.
Ovules and seeds numerous.
oringaceae in Order PAPAVERALES.
Ovules and seeds solitary or 2.
Order RHAMNALES.
1037
oo
-1
oo
KEY TO THE ORDERS A, xxi ms
Stamens as. eee ae the petals and alternate with them,
or more or
Styles distinct gd separate.
Upper pee of the ovaries distinct, at least at ma-
urity
Sa xifragaceae and Iteaceae in Order ROSALES.
Upper part of the ovaries united. Order SAPINDALES.
SENISS united.
Hypanthium flat or obsolete: disk fleshy.
Pla without secreting gar F the bark.
Cd eee:
Plants with SELNES glands in e bar
milies in Order C NE,
Hypanthium cup- -shaped or campanulate: disk obso-
lete or inconspicuous, Order MYRTALES.
Ovary inferio
Stamens um
Styles and stigmas united into a disk: water-plants with e
dogenous stems, Nymphaeaceae in Order rene
Styles distinct, or united, but not forming a disk Rl radi-
ating stigmas : land- ‘plants with exogenous s
P distinct,
mens distinct : stigmas simple: shrubs or trees,
amilies in Order ROSALES.
Stamens with united filaments : styles Mn herbs.
EGONIALES.
Styles united.
Shrubs 2 trees, not succulents, sometimes woody vines.
H nthium not produced beyond the ovary.
ydrangeaceae in a ROSALES.
Hypanthium produced beyond the o
Families in Order MYRTALES.
Herbs, or shrub-like or tree-like suc
r OPUNTIALES.
Stamens not more than twice as many as the eid
Styles wanting: stigmas sessile.
Gunneraceae in Order MYRTALES.
Styles present.
Styles distinct.
vules several in each cavity of the Ac fruit a cap-
sule or a fleshy BU ber
Frui t, if dehiscent, valva
“Families in Order ROSALES.
Fruit circumscissile.
rtulacaceae in Order | CHENOPODIALES.
a
Ovules solitary in each cavity of the Qs fruit
drupe or 2-5 more or less united achen
Or de: Pagan.
Styles united, or single
Plants pu tendrils.
Ova nclosed m or surpassed by the bypanthium
"n "adnate i
Anther-sacs ODCHIHS by por
Va ciniaceae "in Order ERICALES.
Anther- -sacs opening by sli
Ovules solitary in each CAVIS of the ovary.
rder AMMIALES.
Ovules several in each cavity.
Ovary with parietal DI CRINE.
oasaceae in Order OPUNTIALES.
Ovary with poer 2 vr placentae.
rder MYRTALES.
Ovary exceeding the horondium. the top free.
Hydrangeaceae in Order ROSALES.
Plants with tendri
Herbs: fruit a Poo leaf-blades palmately veined.
wink rbitaceae 2 oe CAMPANULALES.
Shrubby vine "fr uit dru eous, separating into
nutlets : leaf-blades pinnately veined.
Frangulaceae in Order RHAMNALES.
dico. more s n united.
Stamnan: free fr om the co
rs: um of a aA "carpet Families in Order ROSALES.
EIU of several united carpels.
Pilaments uni
Sta e diadelphous. Fumariaceae in Order PAPAVERALES.
Stamens monadelphous.
PAGE
1006
xxii KEY TO THE ORDERS
Anther-sacs E by slits.
MED in Order GERANIALES.
Anther-saes opening by pore
Calyx and corolla very tremulum
Order Boreas:
Calyx and corolla regular.
Families in Order ERICALES.
Filaments distinct.
Styles wanting or very short : stigma sessile.
Aquifoliaceae in Order SAPINDALES.
PESE elongated.
vary several-celled. Families in Order ERICALES.
iu ary 1-celled. Armeriaceae in Order PRIMULALES.
oe Dar any connie to the corolla.
Sta S many as dd d = the corolla and opposite them,
Placentae central or basal. . Order PRIMULALES.
Placentae parietal.
Fouquieriaceae in Order HYPERICALES.
Ovary several.celled..
Upper portion of the ovaries distinct.
Sedaceae in id: ROSALES.
Upper portion of the ovaries united. Order EBENALES.
Stamens on many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them,
ewer.
Corolla not scarious, veiny: fruit various, but not a pyxis.
eo 2 3-6 carpels.
r trees: ovules and seeds few
Aquifoliaceae in Order SAPINDALES.
Herbs, or creeping or tufted m ubby plants: ovules and
ds numerous or few some members of the
eae.
Stamens adnate up to the sinuses of the corolla : creep-
ing evergreen under-shrubs,
iapensiaceae im Order ERICALES.
Stamens adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube:
herbs, undershrubs, or vines.
Families in Order SDEHNMONIEUES:
Gynoecium of 2 carpels.
Carpels dicte except Sometimes at the apex
yle ter minal. Order A EPIADALES.
ty sie ‘basal. Dichondraceae in Order POLEMONIALES.
Carpels united.
Ovary 1-celled, with central placentae
Order GENTIANALES.
. Ovary 2- ‘celled, or falsely 4-celled, or if 1-celled with
D placentae
Stamens 2 and ODDoSite each other, or 3.
Order OLEALES.
Stamens ERR oe 4 e 5, if 2 by reduction. not oppo-
site eac
Leaves with stipules or stipular lines at their
bas Spigeliaceae in SORTS EE GENTIANALES.
Leaves with no e m stipu
Fam io. POLEA MONIALES.
Corolla scarious, veinless : fruit a Pris "Onde er PLANTAGINALES.
Ovary ree ped
Stamens with the filaments free from the corolla.
Stamens 10: anther-sacs opening by ter minal pores or chinks.
acciniaceae in Order ERICALES.
Stamens 5 or fewer: anther-sacs opening by MEER e slits.
Order CAMPANULALES.
Stamens adnate to the corolla.
Ovary with 2—many fertile cavities and 2—many ovules: calyx un-
modified, at least not a pus.
Plants tendril-bearin ng.
ucurbitaceae in Order CAMPANULALES.
Plants not tendril- beating
Ovules mostly on basal placentae: plants parasitic.
Order SANTALALES.
Ovules m borne, but not on a basal Dn nta: plants
not parasit RUBIALES.
Ovary with one fertile cavity.
Ovules numerous on a basal pod
Prim RS in Order PRIMULALES.
Ovule solitary, the placentae not porn
Flowers not in heads, often in head-like spikes or racemes.
Order P EE
Flowers in involucrate heads. r CARDUALES.
NG 7
"PAGE
T45
81
1020
1020
813
1018
1078
-J
1057
1079
1044
1037
1044
1078
1244
1006
1283
1283
1247
1251
1020
1276
1297
DESCRIPTIVE FLORA
SUBKINGDOM SPERMATOPHYTA GSxrzkpb-PrLANTS
Plants producing flowers and seeds. A seed contains an em-
bryo consisting of a short stem (radicle, caulicle, or hypocotyl),
one, two, or several rudimentary leaves (cotyledons), and a term-
inal bud (plumule). |
Crass 1. GYMNOSPERMAE Coxr-PLANTS
Carpel or pistil represented by a scale on the face of which the
ovules are borne, and on which the naked seeds mature.
Ordek CYCADALES — CYCADAL ORDER
Palm-like or fern-like plants. Leaves in a crown: blades pinnate.
Flowers in cones of approximate scales or on less modified leaves. Stam-
inate cone with scales bearing several pollen-saes. Ovulate cone with two
or more ovules on each scale. Seed drupe-like or nut-like.
Faminy d. CYCADACEAE — Saco-patm FAMILY
Dioecious plants with subterranean or aérial stems. Leaves clustered:
d
leaflets with 1 or several ribs or vei aminate cone deciduous vu-
e leaf cone persistent. Seeds exposed on the margins of the ovu-
late leaf or enclosed in a cone.—The most primitive living gr ieee
even showing some characters of the ferns in thei r re
S a
about 9 genera and nearly 100 species in tropical and subtropical tcd
| 1. ZAMIA L. Fern-like plants with erect, simple, or sometimes branched,
subterranean, stout, fleshy, farinaceous, stems. Lea
lets jointed to the rachis, with parallel veins. Cones stalked, the staminate one
more slender than the ovulate one: scales i spiral.
erect.—Represented by four species in Flori but more abundantly in the
West Indies Il eontinental tropical ncs where other genera oceur as
well.—CooNT CONTIS. COMPTIES. COMFORTROOTS. FLORIDA-ARROWROOTS.
cece zamias were known to the early Seminoles as Conti Hateka
which means white-root or white bread-plant.
us co vd leaflets of a narrow type, 8-20-veined, entire or obscurely toothed at
Leaflets Loss together on the rachis, mostly less than 11 cm.
lon 1. Z. integrifolia.
Leaflets r rather distant on the rachis, mostly over 12 cm.
Blades of the leaflets narrowly linear-attenuate, 10—14-
veined, 6 mm. wide or less. ^2. Z. angustifolia.
Blades of mie mt broadly linear, 14—20-veined, 10
wide . Z. silvicola.
Blades of the "leaflets of ps broad type, 20-30-veined, evidently
callous-toothed at the apex.
A OC
. Z. umbrosa.
-—
2 CYCADACEAE
1. Z. integrifolia Ait. Leaves 4-9 dm. long; leaflets 8-11 em. long, the blades
linear, 3-7 mm. wide, 8—16-veined, often sever and very stiff: staminate
SS
Ak ogir A
CU vm E ua
; . n
[Z. floridana DO.]—Dry sandy pinelands or
rarely eoastal dunes, I and N Fla., and
occasionally lower —The starchy un-
derground stem of this pes was the main
or t i
e stems are frequently branched.
2. Z. angustifolia Jacq. Leave
long: lea 19-20 em. long, the £5 ades
narrowly linear-attenuate, 3-6 m 10-14- eee, flat or nearly so,
minutely toothed at the apex: ior edi. not seen in Fla. (Bahamian speci-
mens are described as having ds andre epus cones 5-7 em. long and
mo pem cones 8-9 em. long.)—Humus, wet ha oe islands, beca
Royal Palm Hammock and Cape Sable, Fla—(W. I.)—The stems are Tar rge but
simple.
8. Z. silvicola Small. Leaves 1 m. long or less dui 12-17 em. long, t
bl SO 1.5 : e, f
toothed at the apex: staminate cone Ee or ight tapering Ro 8-16:
em. long: m HUE eru cone ps -eylindrie, mostly 9—14:em. long: nut-
like part of seed broadly obovoid, 18-2 m. lo ong, dec idedly flattened, Sd
pointed at both uc ME ae rich ders soil, aborigin nal vilage sites, x
i eer rm . Fla.—Our most robust d often abundant on
ric, 7 3
or rarely longer: nut-like. part oi Rd obovoid, 15-17 mm. long, evidently
3-sided. [Z. pumila CFI. ied U. 8.) ]— Hammocks, sand-dunes, and shell mounds,
NE cud a hammock plant and especially abundant on the kitchen-
middens and aboriginal sillage sites of the upper eastern coast. The stems are
ao simple.
ORDER PINALES — PINAL ORDER
Shrubs or trees. Leaves scale-like, narrow, or needle-like, and often
borne in bundles. Flowers mainly monoecious, the cones of spirally imbri-
eate bracts, or in Taxaceae the ovulate flowers often solitary. Seed borne
in a cone of dry or fleshy scales, or partly or wholly naked.—A group de-
veloped later and more highly organized than the CYCADALES.
Ovulate flowers several, with carpellary scales, these sometimes bracted: cone with
either dry or fleshy scales.
Carpellary a with bracts, not peltate: ovules inverted : buds scaly: wing
accompanying the seed a portion of Hs carpellary
scale. Fam.1. PINACEAE.
PINACEAE 3
Carpellary scales without bracts, m js or
fleshy : ovules erect: buds naked : wing of the seed,
hen present, a portion of the testa. Fam. 2. JUNIPERACEAE.
cu flowers solitary E mu ithout earpellary scales :
ne dU o cOUDs or bacc ate. Fam. 3. TAXACEAE.
Famy 1. PINACEAE — Ping FAMILY
stly evergreen resin-yielding shrubs or trees, typically conie, with
flaky or brittle "bark, the buds sealy. Leaves narrow ard s
needle-like and usually several together, each group with a ia at the
base. Ovulate ament with bracted scales Ovules inverted. Cone of dry
scales. Seeds usually 2 on each scale, often samara-like.—A family of the
first economic importance: its ‘members furnish lumber, resinous products,
tanning materials, volatile oils. The species fall into a dozen genera of
wide geographic distribution.
Leaves several quac DE the bundle : surr ounded by a sheath at the base: cones matur-
ing the second year Tribe I. PINEAE.
6e solitary, without a sheath: cones maturing the first
Tribe II. ABIETINEAE.
I. PINEAE
Cone- s with dorsal, spine-armed appendages: leaves in l
2's or 3’s 1. PINUS.
Sener cates with terminal unarmed appendages : leaves in D's. 2. STROBUS.
II. ABIETINEAE
Cone drooping: bracts shorter than the cone-seales
Leaves 4- dde or nearly terete, SDECROIDES Boer: -sacs opening
length wis 3. PICEA.
m d apparently 2-ranked: anther-sacs opening trans-
rsely. 4. TSUGA.
Cone ree M longer than the cone ea 9. ABIES.
1. PINUS [Tourn.] L. Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves needle-like, oe
in 2’s or 3’s and each-with 2 fibro-vascular bundles. Staminate nts elon
gate, at the ends of branches of the preceding year. Ovulate i Pru or
ce elongate. Cone spreading: scales at length woody and spreading, each
wit orsal, usually spine-armed appendage. Seed saniara-like.—A bout
e mostly in the north tem mperate zone.—Spr.—PINES.—Most of our pines,
especially the Md -leaved ones, are important timber (eoe
duets of the leaf ne ions to the E bundle. L AUSTRALES,
Branchlets terminated by brushes of relatively short, sti
straight leaves: resin-ducts of the leaf remote from the
fibro-vascular bundle II. 'RIGIDAE.
Cone elongate, of a conic type and over tw long as thick
when ciosed, slightly umbonate, SENE px EAT flat
or slightly elevated, ecurved or hooked prickles.
Cone-scales thin-edged, the preci coat flattish, the prickles
hooked. 1. P. australis.
Cone-scales COE ae the appendages turgid, the prickles l E
slightly recurved. 2. P. caribaea.
Cone short, of d pes void ty and less than twice lon T l T
pe g
as thick when closed,- prominently umbonate, me scale-
appendages elevated, POSER pyramidal, with nearly straight M
or decurved prickles | 3. P. palustris.
RIGIDAE
Scales of the ovulate ament stout, each with a short tip which
scarcely equals the body in length.
Cone over 8 c ce g.
Cone br oadly losed a nd prominently un
bonate ; Scales Pee dea. the appendages ‘projecting mo. e
little, if at all, beyond the short spine 4. P. Taeda.
4 PINACEAE
MORE narro owly conic when closed, and slightly um-
bonate; seaies e m the appendage projecting
far beyond the peer 5. P. heterophylla,
Cone less. m 8 em
Con roid or globular-ovoid, wen closed : leaves 15-25
Sono. abou 6. P. serotina.
(une narrowly cor conic c when ede leaves 4—12 em. long,
uide readily opening, each with a slender or
nute pipes towards the Mont of the appen-
dage, the ne sometimes deciduous or oD-
solet
Cone-scales wi ith minute, deciduous or obsole
spines: scales of the Par no aments pee
toothed at the T : bark the trunk rela-
T. P. glabra.
vely close and s
nc a with slender persistent spines : scales
of a staminate ents T bark of the
8. P. echinata.
trunk broken into "angular pla
Cone- scales tardily opening or a ay closed,
each with a stout spine at the middle or towards
the ba dc on the appendage.
ae os the ovulate ament slender, each with a subulate tip
veral times e length of the body.
Gone. conic pres Closed. Ms when o open : Ds glaucous. 10. P. virginiana.
9. P. clausa.
pis
Scales. of the vis stillate ament recurved: appendages of
relatively thin; spines slender, more
11. P.rigida.
Scales of the Dis stillate ament ascending: appen ndages
f the As ne-scales very thick; spines stout, more or
less in
. australis Michx. f. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, irregularly branched above,
in 3’s, 90-40 em. long, bright-green,
bout
12. P. pungens.
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EX
and S —
as the one with the lon
largest cones. A timber. tree of the first im-
tine in the U. S.
portance, and the principal source of rosin and turpen
2. P. car "aed Morelet. Tree usually smaller than P. australis: leaves in s.
or 3’s, 18-30 cm. long (rar arely shorter), bright- green, on twigs about 5 mm
diameter: a ament 2.5-4 em. long: ha ure ovulate ament Muir E
—15 em. lo i i nic when closed, cylindric
d 4-7 mm. long,
m. lo or smaller.—(SLASH-PINE. CARIBBEAN-PINE.
E.)— —Dr ry sandy or rocky soil, often calcareous, pen. Fla. and the low
pce iu the coast to Miss. and Ga.—(W. I.)—The only pine growing
ree on the oues Key
3. P. palustris
staminate ament 3.5-5 cm alf m ture Scio ament En. eon -1
m. long, n ed ovoid ics tud. broadly ovoid open, each prs
appendage very prominent: seed 6-8 mm. long, the wing 2-3 em.
" PINACEAE 5
Elliott Engelm.]—(SLASH-PINE. SWAMP-PINE. mr d ponds, swamps, an
low grounds, often acid, Coastal Plain, C Fla. to E La. and 8. C.—Inhabi Tune
the jud or wet s ituations within the eae of P. i de and thriving under
the influence of either salt or fresh water. e cones are about as long as those
of the next preceding Pes but broader. :
4. P. Taeda L. Tree becoming 45 m. tall, the dark bark Mapa Dr E
rough; pr in coarse plates: leaves in 3’s, glaucous, ong:
e 10- 13 e . long, broadly conic when closed, ovoid or c EA
spen e seale: e id i. T little, if at all, beyond the small
spine: see m. long, the wing abou 1. long.—(LOB LOLLY-PINE. SHORT-
LEA P PINE. yn D-PINE. d Or M Soil d e acid, Coastal e
and. rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Ten and S N. J. —A fter the
anner of a weed completely foresting abandoned alae lands.
P. oe eee Sudw. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, ee . bark
shallowly furrowed: leaves uc r 3?s, glaucous, 12-25 cm. long, o touter
than in P. Ta iE one 9— qe ong, conic when closed, ds d or ovoid-
eylindri when open, the scale- -appen dages Nun ced ue the slender
spine: seed 5-7 mm. long, the wing 2-2.5 e —(POoN SLASH-
re ares ee des the eoast, Ga. and S. o: — tpi reduces ve palest bark and
the softest wood of our pines and z the most restricted range.
P. serotina Michx. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, with many short irregular
pande near the base, Ho bark flaky: leaves in 3 ^s, glaucous, 2 em. long,
iu sheath about 1 . long: staminate ament 1.5—2 em. long: cone
4—6 cm. long, ovoid or des -ovoid when closed, very broad Mes open, each
—4 ng, t
2 em. long.—(BLACK-PINE. POND-PINE. MARSH-PINE.)—Sandy swamps and
RUM ponds, frequently acid, Coastal Plain, Fla. i Ala. to S N. J.—The
ones are much shorter and thicker than in its relative
7. P. glabra Walt. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, with a ES smooth grayish
4 m e ; "
i WALTER.’S-PINE. )—Hammocks, bluffs and panes Coastal Plain,
N Fla. to E La. and S. C.—Readily distinguished by smooth bark, the
very oe leaves, and the small nearly unarmed co
8. P. echinata Mill. Tree up to 40 m. tall, the od ping into angular
plates: leaves in 2’s or ag ga in 3’s, "dee ep-gre 8-12 long, slen-
der; sheath 10—15 mm. long: e 3.5—6.5 em . long, Mus e close: ovoid
when T3 hie appendage coe a Peng spine: seed 4—5 mm. long, the wing
1.5-2 ong. [P. mitis Michx.]—(SHORT-LEAF PINE. ELLOW-PINE. FOX-
TAIL- Ped wu sterile and frequently dps soils, various provinces, N Fla. to
ex, SE Kans., Ind., and S N. Y.—Thi o anging species may be distin-
guished from its associates by its Pec nd
9. P. clausa (Eng elm.) Vasey. "Tree — a m. tall, the e Qaod
smooth: leaves in 2’s, deep-green, 4-8 cm. long, very sle nder T; 8 5-7 m
Pi 4.5-6 e
: . long, e S
appendage with a stout spine near middle: seed 4 mm. long, the wing
about 1.5 e long.—( aU sonver PINE.)—Acid sand-ridges and dunes
near the coast, and scrublan a. dj. Ala.—May be coni d by the
numerous slender leaves and tlie E cones which are often slow to open.
virginiana Mill. Tree becoming 36 m. tall, the bed pu cue Ro
branches sinuous, the twigs g ndi d in 2 A ’ deep- green, 4— ong,
rather stout; sheath 5-8 mm. lon one 5-7 em. long, ae conic ' when
6 PINACEAE
E ovoid when open, p ad “appendage e a curved spine: seed a
ong, the wing fully z3 nops A it. ]J— (SCRUB- PINE. JERS
PIN E. POVERTY -PINE.)— Dry s e a various provinces, C Ga. to E Miss. -
E: ~ nd S N. Y. id es dedi by its short stubby leaves and medium-sized
uei yu rigida Mill. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, with stiff branches, the bark
very rough, the twigs yellow: leaves in 3’ » bright- pir 6-12 cm. long, rather
Hide sheath 10-15 mm. lon ng: cone 4—7 cm. long, ovoid when closed, globose-
ovoid or pal eg E open, i seale- ‘appendages relatively thin, each with a
recurved spine: seed 4—4.5 mm. long, the wing about 1.5 em. long .— (PITCH-
PINE.) —Sterile in. usually acid soils, various oe N Ga. to Ont. and N. B.
12. P. pungens Lamb. Tree becoming yd a haa ee er id bur =
flaky: leaves in 2's, pepe green, 5-10 e ong,
long, very persistent, ovoid when closed, plobos ae or dé ET mul. oi
the scale-appendages es a each w stout ineurved spine: seed 6-7
mm. long, the wing fully 2 em. puer Pantie. -MOUNTAIN PINE. 'TABLE-ROCK
NE. a ed y—Rocky acid oe e nd cliffs, Piedmont to Appalachian
ie inces, N o Pa. an tout leaves and very stout cones Min
pr on d hod scales. Cones often e on the branehes for many year
2. STROBUS Opiz. Trees. Leaves needle-like, 5 together, mostly with
1 fibro-vascular bundle each. Staminate aments with involucral bracts at the
base. Ovulate ament narrow, stalked. Cone drooping: scales leathery, with
~
Li
neither dorsal appendage nor spine.—À genus represented in eastern
America by the following and in the Pacific States by several other species.
1. S. Strobus (L.) Small. Tree becoming 50
m. tall, with a relatively smooth pons ge ap-
ae © whorled branches: leaves 5 to-
gether, 5-10 cm. long, glaucous, Man "slender;
sheath deciduous or fugacious: ITOW,
slightly tapering when open, 10-20 « em. ae
often curved; scales bos Spreading: seed
6—7 mm. long, the wing about 2.5 em. long.
pu Strobus L.]—(WH HITE-PINE).—Sandy
i pU. various provin ge N Ga. to
r—The most widely
five- el slender leaves and long unarmed
cones Se o a it from o Pics
On
(D
z
Uu
ct
H'
5
of Am mber
trees, put g Scu ee by ener pum
3. PICEA Link. Trees. Leaves solitary, ascending ur erect, narrow,
angled or terete, leaving sterigmata when falling. Pollen-saes ni length-
wise. Ovulate ament with inconspicuous bracts. one dr —Spr.—A
genus of 14 species of the more northern latitudes, represented in our area only
in the higher mountains.—SPRUCES.—Some species are timber trees, and are,
also, an important source of paper p
l T idu copiously pubescent: leaves over 1 mm. broad, blunt or
1. P. rubens.
Twigs AA glabrate or merely pubescent between the decurrent .
sterigmata: leaves barely 1 mm. broad, acute. 2. P. australis.
PINACEAE 7
1. rubens Sargent. Tree often becoming 30 m. tall, the bark rou ush:
twigs stout, stiff, pubescent as are usually the sterigmata: leaves curved, 8—12
m. lon g, dee ep-green: ones ovoid,
2.504 em. long. [P. mariana (Fl. SE.
L
ie blac pruce—P. maria
( Mill.) AME CERO d. as growing in the
N. C. Mts., has glaucous leaves and small
i cones.
P. australis Small. Tree Paon ing 40 m
i the Sida pepe! smooth: E d slen-
der er, glabro or merely pubesce n line |
between the Es ueni glabrous pee leaves MEE 8-14 mm. long,
de Or D SO, DUE gr reen: cone ellipsoid, oval o a mostly jo
than em. long. TP. (Chapm. F1.)|—(SovTH Us SPR
SAM. a “Dr acid slopes, mu nore liffs, Blue Ridge, N. C. id Va. ip ess
common dn. the preceding. ue in forests unmingled with other trees.
4. TSUGA Carr. Trees. Leaves distichously spreading: blades linear,
glaucous beneath, not jointed to sterigmata. Pollen-saes opening transversely.
Ovulate ament with inconspicuous bracts. Cone drooping. There are 7 species
native of North America and Asia.—HEMLOCKS.—Spr.—Some species are tim-
ber trees.
Twigs tomentose with Jone hairs: cones narrowly ovoid when closed, 1.8—2.3 c
long: scales nearly e i. T. epe Ry
Twigs tomentose with Shot hairs, or glabrate: cones cylindric-
ellipsoid .when closed, 3 cm. long: scales spreading at right .
angles. 2. T. caroliniana.
1. T. canadensis (L.) Carr. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, with a scaly- pres
pid ps loosely spreadi ng, 6-14 mm. long, obtuse at the apex: stami inate
l m in di S
s, Ga. and Ala. t .8 pu
Picea nb. this tree is fond of moist
plaees and on yid often forms extensive
forests. It is & graceful tree, with pliable
branches, soft foliage, and smooth cones.
L4
2. T. caroliniana Engelm. Tree becoming
25 m. tal, the bark relatively smooth:
leaves rigidly spreading, mostly notched
a a minate a t about 3 mm
h stamina men ,
in diameter: cone ovoid when open, 25-30 mm. long; scales iji Or
nearly so: seed-wing ellipsoid, over 1 em. long.—(CRAG-HEMLOCK. CAR A-
HEMLOCK anaes and rocky slopes, frequently acid, Bl ;
j ue Ridge Ga. to
S Va.—A striking tree, but not graceful. The rigid branches are bristly with
the ME leaves and even the cones are bristly on account of the widely
divergent scales
6 PINACEAE
5. ABIES [Tourn.] Hill. Trees. Leaves distichously spreading on twigs
and branchlets: blades = not jointed to sterigmata. Pollen-sacs opening
transversely or nearly so. ulate ament with conspicuous bracts. Cone erect,
eylindric.—A genus Males of high latitudes and mountains, with only
2 species in the eastern United States, S species in western North America and
about a dozen in the Old World.—Firs.—
Some of the western species are valuable
timber trees. Canada balsam is an exuda-
tion in the blisters on the trunk of 4
balsamea.
1. A. Fraseri (Pursh) Lindl. Tree bee
ing 25 mm. tall, the bark with balsam ici.
ing blisters: leaves 1-2 cm. long; blades
s above, oo. s staminate
ent 0— em. lon
8 mm. long: e 4-5
sales fabellate a eae. ee ate:
eed 4-5 . long, the wing a abou 2
as pda - (Siven: FIR. BALSAM-F SH
BALSAM. HORN. BLISTER- E Add
swamps, ce and summits, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, N. C. and
Tenn. to W. Va.—Spr.—A related da species, A. balsamea, with eluded
cone -braets, may occur in NW N. C.
Famity 2. JUNIPERACEAE — Juniper FAMILY
Mostly evergreen often slightly resiniferous shrubs or trees, with
fibrous, shreddy bark, the buds naked. Leaves mainly appressed or some-
times subulate and spreading. Ovulate ament with bractless scales. Ovules
See ngless, or winged, the wing a portion of the testa.—About 12 gen-
era, widely tributed. The woods and the products are of great eco-
nomic importance.
Plants monoecious: cones dry, merely imbricated.
u^ Mes long and ze not scale-like, spreading: scales of the ovulate cones
rally placed, imbricate. Tribe I. TAXODIEAE.
eee Scale-like, cay appressed and imbricate
(s du n. imes spreading on twigs) : scales of the ovu-
Jat nes decussately opposite or ternate. ribe II. CUPRESSEAE.
x Beats dioecious: cone berry-like or drupe- like:
s fleshy, coalescent. Tribe III. JUNIPEREAE.
I. TANODIEAE
Trees Moa ag erect * knees" from the root-system: leaves
deciduo 1. TAXODIUM.
IT. UPRESS
Cones elongate: scales not peltate, the tip apteally thickened,
often apiculate or hooked below the a
Cones drooping: seales not hooked near EM apex: seeds
Wingless: branchlets in num Es oo 2. THUJA.
Cones erect: scales hooked below the apex: seeds ced:
branchlets in vertically disposed fron 3. BIOTA.
in nearly globular: scales peltate, the cone planus thick-
ned tops ending in short tee 4, CHAMAECYPARIS.
o
Leaves subulate and spreadin the ature branches:
aments axillary, the ETAT wid smaller seales at the top. 0. JUNIPERUS.
cs seale-like and appressed on e mature branches: .
ments terminal, the pistillate with pm ger scales at the top. 6. SABINA.
XODIUM L. C. Rich. Deciduous-leaved trees, the roots producing
— conic ‘‘knees.’’ Leaves often almost 2-ranked: blades narrow. Staminate
JUNIPERACEAE 9
aments in panieled spikes or racemes. Ovulate ci with peltate scales.
Cone de ane globular or obovoid, the scales woody, stalked. Seed wingless.
—Comprises three species of the southern Atlantic and a seaboard.—Spr.—
The "ot has exceptionally durable qualities.—CYPRESSES.—Inhabitants of low
grounds
Leaves 2-ranked, widely spreading: branchlets usually horizontal: bark thin, com-
paratively smooth. 1. T. distichum.
Leaves appressed to the erect branchlets; bark thick, strongly
furrowed. 2. T. ascendens.
1. T. distichum (L.) L. C. Rich. Tree becoming 50 m. tall, the eae b dus
eonie, narrowly ridged, the bark thin, relatively smooth: leaves
long, often curved: cone globular abou t
2.5 em. in diameter: seed 8-10 mm.' ong.—
A
or rarely rocky slopes, often over calcareous
en agree Plain and rarely adj. prov-
in Tex. Mo. ;
o "rare along udson Riv Y
whe erhaps coves The character
istic cypress of river sw O y
large tree with the E te lly taper-
ing near the base. It is usually copiously
branched.
2. T. ascendens Brongn. Tree BE eed
smaller than T. distichum, but B
e fruit, he p
less abundant, the trunk with a conoidal broadly ridged base: leaves incurved ;
blades 0.5-1 em. long. [Z. imbricarium (Nutt. arper.|—(PoNnD D-CYPRESS.)
i a
S
dry barrens, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Va.—The cypress of ponds and.
m wee e es. It is less us c. the preceding. The bark is rougher
than t of T. distichum, and as a consequence the trees are sometimes
iD. infested with air -plants.
2. THUJA L. i en trees. Leaves seale-like, 4-ranked, often with a
gland on the back. Staminate aments solitary. Ovulate ament with imbricate
scales. Cone drooping, ellipsoi or ovoid, the scales leathery, lax. Seeds
winged on both sides.—About 15 species, native of North America and Asia.
Only two species in America, one in the
eastern part and one in the western.—
ARBORVITAES.
T. occidentalis L. Tree up to 18 m
posed f id ves appressed, those of
the branches 5-7 mm. long: staminate ament
glo d ose: "E id ament with erect scale-tips:
9-1 ong; scales obtuse, each
apiculate below ‘the P pcm A HITE-CEDAR.
AN- E.)—Swamps or rocky
emu p pirum "Blue Ri des and
more northern T e N. C. and Tenn.
to Man. and N —Spr — of the cool .
climate pee Rees in range only in the mountains. It is used in
horticulture. The wood has few uses in ^ the industries
10 JUNIPERACEAE
3. BIOTA Endl. Evergreen trees. ea placed in a vertical plane,
with both sides alike. Leaves scale-like, 4-ranked, with a gland on the back.
Staminate aments solit Ovulate dd with fleshy imbrieate seales. Cone
erect, slightly slongate, A scales S
each with ook below the apex
Seeds i ingles Sv 6 ne na
native of eastern Asia, and widely cult
yu dme.
l. B. orientalis (L.) Endl. Tree 9 m.
tall or less, the branches in vertically dis-
esse 7 (0) e
t ate ament
E ovulate ament vith cured scale-
tips: cone erect, mostly 15-25 mm. long;
scales hooked below the apex. [Thuja orien- Ni
talis L.]—(CHINESE-ARBORVITAE. ASIATIC- |
ARBORVITAE.)— Sandy soil, coast of Fla. Nat. of Asia.—All year.—Not
bed naturalized, but persistent about abandoned parem and er
spon
4. CHAMAECYPARIS Spach. Trees. Leaves scale-like and imbricate,
each with a gland on the back, or sometimes subulate on twigs. Staminate
aments terminal. Ovulate aments with peltate scales. (ous spreading, globu-
lar: scales woody, appendage
winged. About 7 species, two in western
orth America and several in eastern Asia.
—CYPRESSES.
1. C. us ae B. S. P. Rl i pun
tree becom tall: leav
long, Bey ae the lateral hoi po
the vertical convex: staminate
a ovulate ament glau-
cous, the scales with hyaline appendages
cone globular, 2 ter:
seed narrowly winged [C : Fe elie
Spach. ] — ( WHITE- CEDAR. ) — Acid swamps,
Co d Plain and rarely adj. E ovinees, N F o Miss. and Me
.—Spr.—À
E pisa s 2 n bes rdg nud s habit, but with quite different
mode of branching. The natural growth is being
rapidly des by. RE the trees for e poles. The wood has many
in the industries.
5. JUNIPERUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves in 3’s, subulate,
neither imbricate nor appressed, glandless. Staminate aments axillary. Ovu-
late ament with ovules alternate with the scales. Cone baccate. Seeds wingless.
—Spr.— ists of ten or fifteen species, mostly in the more northern parts of
the aoa hemisphere.—JUNIPERS.
A depressed shrub, with creeping branches: leaves abruptly bent at the s c
channeled, rather abruptly pointed. 1. J. sibiri
A tree; leaves straight or nearly so, shallowly channeled, gradu- .
ally acumi nate. 2. J. communis.
TAXACEAE | 11
1. J. sibirica Burgsd. Depressed xd e radiating branches rarely rising
over 5 dm., often matted: leaves stout, stly 5-8 mm. long, abruptly curved
at the TA erect or ere ada
dei E cone globular, 8-10 mm.
in dia —(MOUNTAIN-JUNIPER.) — Dry
gravelly E Blue Ridge and more northern
prov N. C. to Rocky Mts., Alas., and
Lab.— (Eurasia) Our two species of. juni-
n a
pr
the branches on the ground and dd ascend-
ing at the tips.
2. J. communis L. Erect tree becoming 8
m. tall: leaves slender, 10—20 mm. long,
spreading, gradually narrowed at the apex:
cone globular, 6-8 mm. in diameter.—Dry
sandy hills, t cr and more northern
provinces, Ga. to N. M. and Can.—( Eurasia. )—Rare in our range.
6. SABINA Haller. Shrubs or trees. Leaves Mops except sometimes
on twigs, appressed, often imbricate, each with a gland in the back. Staminate
aments terminal on branchlets. Ovulate ament with rM opposite the scales.
Cone baccate. Seeds wingless.—Spr.—About 25 species, most abundant north-
ward, but ranging southward to the West Indies and Mexico.—CEDARS. SAVIN
Staminate ament 3—4 mm. long: cone 5-6 mm. long. 1. S. virginiana,
Staminate ament 4—5 mm. long: cone 3—4 mm. long. 2. S. silicicola.
S. virginiana (L.) Antoine. Tree becoming 30 m. tall: net like leaves
cone
opposite, 4-ranked, 1-4 mm. long, acute: staminate ament 3-4 mm. long:
sub- E 5-6 mm. long, glabrous: see
3—4 long, smooth. [Juniperus vir
gin ]— REDP-CEDAR.) —Dr or
arely swamps, nearly throughout
east the Great Pl The foliage is
strong scented. The durable heart-wood
is used in cabinet e put es spe cially for
lead-pencils. The uch eaten
by birds and the seeds a "widely dis-
tributed. E ie: reaches its maximum
developm in region, forming pure
dur ERN in the so-called Cedar Dun
n the Interior Do Plateau provine
2. S. sili ud Small. Tree zd ho
virginiana in habit, but with shor and d
rather o leaves, the is atively m apex elosely appressed: staminate
ament 4— g: uis or ellipsoid-ovoid, 3—4 mm. long. [S. bar-
badensis E L SE. U U. S.) ]-— (SOUTHERN RED-CEDAR.)—Sand and clay soil, Coastal
Plain n T. I.)—With the same qualities and a source
2
the me produe as ce preeeding. The natural supply has been ex-
hausted through the EDS of peneil wood.
FaAwiLY3. TAXACEHAE — Yew FAMILY
Evergreen shrubs or trees, mostly destitute of resin, the buds sealy.
Leaves distichously spreading: blades narrow, entire. Staminate ament
12 TAXACEAE
mostly few-flowered, with scaly involueres. Ovulate ament most 1-flow-
s the earpellary scale wanting. Cone baccate or drupaceous, wholly
r partially enclosed by a pulpy : eup- -like aril.—About 12 genera, widely
distributed, Many kinds are used in ornamental horticulture
Ovulate flowers usually 2 together: ovule borne in a cup: seed nu in the
accrescent cup: endosperm channeled : pollen-sacs 4. 1. TUMION.
Ovulate flowers usually solitary : ovule borne in a cup: seed surrounded
b e accrescent cup: endos sperm even: pollen- uis more than 4. 2. TAXUS.
TUMION Raf. Trees. Leaves rigid. Staminate ament with 4 pollen-
sacs under each scale. Ovulate ament usually with 2 ovules. Seed baccate, the
pericarp fleshy. [Torreya Arn.]—Besides the following, there are three other
species, one in California and two in eastern Asia.
: ae race (Arn.) Greene. Tree be-
ing 18 m. tall, with obrui i dp pos
icu bruised: peus blades linear, 1.5-3 ec
long, firm-tipped: staminate amen nt 5 8
. long: seed dp i g or som
1 —4 long, g
AR ORREYA.)—Bluffs and woods along
the: ir ad River, and tributary
Streams, Fla. dj. Ga.—Spr.—Limited :
in distribution, bul often plentiful Bd it & ey
gro The wood is durable, and m of m,
the pem specimens have been destroyed
for making fence-posts. The seeds are
favorite food of wild rodents. The fear soot is bo yellow.
2. TAXUS [Tourn.] L. Diffuse shrubs, or trees. Leaves leathery. Stami-
nate ament with mostly 6-8 pollen-sacs under each scale. Ovulate ament with
1 ovule each. Seed nut-like, surrounded by the LA aril, except the apex.—
About 6 species, of wide Mim distribution. shrubby one occurs in
NE N. and may extend into NW N. C., and an is ind ranges west
of the ee divide. Te European
species was formerly much used in ecclesias-
tical ceremonies, and much superstition was
associated with the tree.—YEWS
ad floridana Nutt. Tree becoming 6
all, m -scented when bruised:
leaf- blades narrowly linear, 1-2 cm. long,
sharply apiculate: ao light- -red, 6-10 mm.
long, t the o oid, m. long— (YEW.
FLORIDA-YEW.)— BI zs ind woods long the
pe A River, ad tributary ou des
e ess common than TORREYA.
On unt of its smaller size, limited dis-
tribution and comparative scarcity, it has
not been used economically. The oe wood is light- brown.
TYPHACEAE 18
Crass 2. ANGIOSPERMAE SEED-POD PLANTS
Carpel or pistil with a closed cavity within which the ovules
are borne and the seeds mature
SUBCLASS 1. IMONOGOTVERDONES Monocoryis
Stem consisting of a ground-mass of soft tissue in which
bundles of wood- cells are dn placed. Early leaves alter-
nate. This subelass embraces one-fourth of the living seed-plants.
Order PANDANALES — PANDANAL ORDER
Perennial, aquatic or marsh herbs, with elongate rootstocks. Leav
with narrow blades. Flowers in narrow racemes or globular Dikes.
Perianth of scales or bristles. Androecium of 2.7 stamens. Gynoecium
l- or 2-carpellary. Fruit nut-like.
Racemes cylindric: perianth of bristles. Fam. 1. TYPHACEA
Spikes (heads) globular: perianth of scales. Fam. 2. SPARGANIACEAE.
Famity 1. TYPHACEAE — CAT-TAIL FAMILY
Plants erect. Raceme spike-like, solitary and terminal, subtended by
deciduous mob the staminate portion uppermost. Peri anth of bristles.
Pistil stipitate: stigma narrow, spatulate, elliptic, or rhomboidal.—A fam-
ily of uncertain relation ship. Consists of the following genus.
H rn.] L. Ereet herbs with sheathed stems. Leaves d
with lines Bude pc cylindric, the pistillate portion brown.—About 1
species of tropical and temperate regions. Represented in our range by ,
species, widely distributed.—Sum.—fall—.—CAT-TAILS. REED-MACES. CooPER’s
REEDS. CAT-O"-NINE-TAILS.— The rootstocks were an aboriginal food. .
Raceme with staminate and pistillate portions usually ae pollen of simple
grains: oo of the mature pistillate raceme short, rigid, 1
mm. lon r le
Raceme with a e and pistillate portions usually contig-
uous: pollen ne in 4s : pedicels of the pistillate raceme
bristle- like, 2-3 mm. lon . T. latifolia.
1. T. angustifolia.
"m
leaves are used for making mats and t
hairs of the fruits to stuff pillows eg S xeu
mattresses AN
Lp
folia L. Stem about 1-2.5 m. p.
tall: leaf-blades 10-25 m i e m
dark-brown or black, the pistillate portion 2.
.0—9. thick, contiguous did $
nate: Mu E e Or e nu
z: furrowed.—Shores of lakes, ponds, fos rivers, and Tong —— through-
t U. S. and Cs uu )—Used for the same purposes as the preceding.
14 SPARGANIACEAE
FaAxiLyY 2. SPARGANIACHAE—Bur-REED FAMILY
Plants erect, or rarely floating. Spikes Aen borne in racemes or
panicles, or spicate, their bracts. persistent. Perianth of scales. Pistil
sessile: stigma subulate, lanceolate, elliptic, or em Fruit an achene.
Related to the oe but with less modified flower-parts. Comprises
the following genus
1. SPARGANIUM [Tourn.] L. Plants growing in low grounds, marshes, or
deep water. Stem not sheathed. Leaves erect and triangular-keeled at the
base or floating and flat.—About 24 species in temperate and boreal regions.—
A dozen species additional to those described below occur elsewhere in North
America.—Sum.—BUR-REEDS
Achene fusiform, the body stalked: fruit-producing flowers pedi-
celled. 1. S. americanum.
Achene obovoid or obpyramidal, sessile: fruit-producing flowers
sessile. 2. S. eurycarpum.
i. S. americanum Nutt. Plant 2-8 dm. tall, simple or branched: staminate
heads mostly less than 1 em. thick: A head 1-2 em. thick: achene-body 6-7
mm. long, narrowed at the apex, stipit
[S. simplex (Chapm. Fl.) ]—River- iue
akes S M
and
Plants ari branched inforeseenes have been
referred to S. androcladum.
S. eurycarpum Engelm. Plant por
-head 2.5 em. th
m. long, rounded or depressed at the i
sessile.—Marshes, psi banks, and M
various A Fla. to Calif., B. j
Newf.—T = ae plan ET Y
Hol ills ence ponds and str ae the dense growth of r resem-
bling species of iris or of sweet-flag (Acorus).
OnpER NAIADALES — NAIADAL ORDER
Perennial aquatie or marsh herbs. Leaves various, sometimes mere
phyllodia. Flowers usually symmetric. Perianth wanting or imperfect.
Androecium usually of 1-4 stamens. Gynoecium simple or several-car-
pellary.
Gynoecium of distinct carpels. Fam. 1. ZANNICHELLIACEAE,
Gynoecium of one carpel, or of united carpels.
oa E and pistillate flowers borne alternately i
on e-sided spadix, laterally atta i Fam. 2. ZOSTERACEAE.
Sm due pose pistillate flowers borne in the leaf-
axils.
Staminate flower consisting of 2 anthers termin-
ating an elongate pedicel: perianth wanting:
stigmas liform : eaulescent plants with en-
tire leaf-blades. Fam. 3. CYMODOCEACEAE.
c Rd sessile or nearly so, consisting
of nther surrounded by the perianth:
stigmas "eupulate- caulescent plants with
spiny toothed leaf-blades. Fam. 4. NAIADACEAE.
ZANNICHELLIACEAE 15
Famity 1. ZANNICHELLIACEAE — Ponpweep FAMILY
Aquatic caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, filiform or with broad entire
us
oe
distinct earpels. .Fruit a cluster or spike of drupelets. —Five genera and
bout 80 species, most abundant in temperate regions.
Flowers monoecious, axillary : leaves opposite. Tribe I. ZANNICHELLIEAE.
Flowers perfect, borne in stalked clusters or spikes : leaves al-
ernate. Tribe II. RUPPIEAE.
I. ZANNICHELLIE
eer a herbs, the very slender leaves with c
stipu 1. ZANNICHELLIA.
RUPPIEAE
Stamens 2 or sometimes solitary, the connective without ap-
pendages: drupelet manifestly stipitate. 2. RUPPIA.
eee 4, the connective with dilated appendages : drupelet
sile. 3. POTAMOGETON.
1. ZANNICHELLIA [Mich.] L. Delicate herbs of fresh or brackish
water. Leaves with narrow blades and inconspicuous bases. Flowers mo-
noecious: staminate with 1 stamen: pistil- l
late with 2-6 carpels together. Drupelets
clustered, curved, crested.—Two or three
species, widely distributed. |
1. Z. palustris L. Stem 2-7 dm. a Pao
2-7 em. P acute: drupelets
sometimes 6, together, the body E mm.
long, short stipitate.—( ORNED-PONDWEED.)
—Ponds, Pod and p throughout
S. a
—(W. I., C. A.
)— — Oft ten in pos mats
just beneath the c of the water.
2. RUPPIA L. Delicate herbs of salt or brackish water. Leaves with
slender blades and conspicuous bases. Flowers perfect. Stamens 2. ele 4,
Drupelets clustered, oblique, crestless.—Thre
or four species, very widely distributed.
ritima is Stem 3-10 dm. long:
(W. i654 s
—Sum.-fall.——Commonly in exten-
d dense masses just beneath ae dpa
the water. In the extreme souther |
Coastal Plain the plant may be coal in ihe winter.
3. POTAMOGETON [Tourn.] L. Herbs growing mostly in fresh water.
Leaves various, the submerged and floating mainly different. Flowers perfect,
spicate. Stamens 4, with appendaged anthers. Carpels 4. Drupelets 4 to-
gether, spicate, sessile—About 70 species, widely distributed in temperate
16 ZANNICHELLIACEAE
regions.—POoNDWEEDS. FisHWEEDS.—Both the submerged ane the floating
inds often occur in such dense masses that navigation by small boats is
seriously im mpeded. Plants are sometimes collected en masse and oe as fer-
tilizer. Our plants usually flower in sum.
Stipules axillary, free from the lea
Plant P DOE submerged E D leaves.
Submerged leaves without blades.
loeng leaves with ovate or oval er oe eee or rounded at the
base: flowering spikes , 0-0 m
thic . P. natans.
Floating leaves with narrowly elliptic Dee acute
at both C flowering spikes 1-2 . long,
| 2,5-4 mm. 2. P. floridanus.
Subme rged EF with normal blades.
Blades of submerged leaves of 2 form
Blade of the floating leaves Coro dte at the
base: druplet- beak erect. 3. P. pulcher.
Blade of the floating leav A rounded at the
base: deupelet heal obliqu
Blades of submerged Jeaves fes bike. 4. P. amplifolius.
Submerged leaves with ear or nearly linear
blades. l
Leaf-blades with coarsè cellular reticulation
in the middle. 5. P. epihydrus.
Leaf- blades with inconspicuous cellular
reticulation 6. P. heterophyllus.
es te ed es ‘with lanceolate or oblanceo-
ate bl
Leaf. blades disti netly petioled. 7. P. fluitans.
8. P. angustifolius.
Leaíf- Dc sessile or nearly so.
Plant with subm s only.
Leaf-blades bro
Blade EROR petioled oe nearly sessile. 9. P. lucens.
10. P. perfoliatus.
11. P. Curtissii.
Blade clasping the st
Leaf- EXE ins or filiform.
e 1- 'e
Blade 3-nerved.
I crested : plants without propagating
or glan nds. 12. P. foliosus.
Drupelet crestless : plants with both propa- .
ating buds and glands. 13. P. pusillus.
Stipules sans a ~ blades or to the petioles of the sub-
ged leave
Plant a vith both "submerged and floating leaves: drupelet
creste 14. P. diversifolius.
Plant with submerged leaves only: drupelet crestless. 15. P. pectinatus.
1. P. natans L. Leaves of 2 kinds, the submerged phyllodia, the floating
ones with ovate or oval blades 4-9 em. "long, rounded.or subcordate at the base:
anther notched at the apex: drupelet sho:
void, 4—4.5 mm. long, scarcely keeled.—
aes water and slow streams, various prov-
inces, s to Calif., B. C, and N. S.—
(Eurasia. )
2. P. floridanus Small Smaller than P.
natans: floating leaves with narrowly ellip-
tie blades 4—7 em. long, acute at both ends:
anther apiculate at the apex: drupelet
smaller than in P. natans.—Blackwater
River, W Fla
3. P. pulcher oe Leaves of 3 kinds,
he lower in LL ed ones leathery, the
blades spat ovate, the upper submerged ones narrower, flimsy,
floating pum "ith leathery ovate or DUAE -ovate, cordate blades: qe
ZANNICHELLIACEAE 17
turgid, 4—4.5 mm. long, S-kecled— (Heanmuar. -PONDWEED.)—Ponds, various
provinces, Fla. to Ark., B. C.,
4. P. amplifolius Tuckerm. Leaves of 3 kinds, the lower submerged ones with
WEAR ird acute at each end, the upper 'subm merged ones mostly smaller
han the lower ones; 2 ll to oval, the floating unn with thiek ovate
Es oval blades ide d at the base: drupe elet turgid, 4—5 mm. long, the middle
keel prominent. Mire be Pon various provinces, Fla. to Ark., Calif.,
B. C., and N. S.
. P. epihydrus Ra f. Leaves of 2 ki nds, the submerged m linear 5-nerved
blades the up ae ir elliptie or obovate blades 3-8 em. long: drupelet
ad -obovoid, long, the middle keel sharp. [P. pe nnsylvawicus
Willd., = Nu a Ci & Schlecht.]|—Ponds and streams, various provinces,
S. C. to . C. and Newf.
6. P. heterophyllus Schreb. Leaves of 2 kinds, the submerged narrowed up-
ward, inconspicuously reticulate, the floating ones with oval or elliptic blades
15-4 em. long, abruptly pointed: drupelet 1.5-3 mm. long, i E 3-
Pe — Stil or flowing water, throughout U. S. and S Can.—(W. I., Mex
Eurasia.)
P. fluitans Roth. Leaves of 2 kinds, the submerged long-petioled, with
cds blades, the eae ones with ellipti ic, sometimes gene so, long-
petioled blades 4—15 cm. long, bie acute: drupelet 3.5-4 mm. long, the
Ru Er lx ent. "IP. americanus Cham. & Schlecht., P. nee Tuck-
and ponds, various pre ee, Fla. to Calif., B. C., and N. B.—
(W. I5 Mer., | »
8. P. angustifolius Berch. & Presl. Leaves of 2 kinds, the submerged with
ri 5—15 em. long, the on ones with elliptie, nearly sessile blades 3—10
lon
ng: drupelet 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 3-keeled, abru pri y pointed. [P. Zizii
Roth. d and 3 m various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Me.
. P. lucens L. Leaves of 1 pc e. d Nc ud or mater
or oval above, 5-20 em. lon ee and often rulate at the
eke nearly sessile: dru pelet 3 mm. os tant. Pons wir Ce Bun»
WEED.)—Ponds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif. and N. S.—(W. I.
Mez., O. W.)
10. P. d ded L. Leaves submerged; blades suborbieular to ovate or
lanceolate, 2 long, usually obtuse and serrulate at the apex, cordate-
perfoliate: a 2.5-3 mm. long, obscurely 3-keeled.—Slow rivers and
ponds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., HE Newf.—(Enu.)
11. P. Curtissii Morong. Leaves submerged; blades linear-filiform, 1—4
deris l-ribbed, hair-tipped: drupelet not seen.—Tidal creeks, Blackwater River
region, W Fla.
12. P. pis Raf. Leaves very many, dry aes eue 2 or filiform,
1.5-5 . long, 3-ribbed, acute: drupelet mm. long, middle keel
crest like. [ P. d iier Streams and EA x provinees,
Fla. to Calif., B. C., and N. B.—(W. I., Mez.)
13. P. pusi nee L. uds numerous, sia pid linear Ey linear-
filiform, 2-8 em. long, 3-ribbed, aeute: oid t 1.5-2 mm. long, the middle
keel not erest- ike, or cbsolete.—Slow ams and Ponts various ae
Ala. to Calif., B. C., N. S., and N. C.— "Mem. Eurasia.)
2
18 CY)? CEACEAE
14. P. diversifolius Raf. Leaves of 2 kinds, the sr ed linear-setaceous,
is b seh es ea oval, or elliptic-lanceolate, 1-2.5 em. long: drupelet
tim ong, t middle We up d) [P. hybr idus Michx .]—Ponds
bo sin ees various provinees, Fla. ex., Calif., 2 Me.—(W. I., Mez.)
2 P. pectinatus L. Leaves of 1 kind, all submerged, setaceous or filifor
—15 em. long: drupelet 1.5 mm. long, crestless ——Stüll water or streams, various
es Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C. and Que.—(W. I., O. W.)
Famity 2. ZOSTERACEAE — Ezr-GRASS FAMILY
Marine herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow, the base inflated.
Flowers monoecious, alternating on a flat spadix; staminate a pem
anther; durus E 2 with a style e two capillary sti
in eoastal region
1. ZOSTERA L. Plants cae e or
floating. Leaf-blades elonga pathe
thin-edged.—About 8 species in both the
Old World and the New
x i pes L. Leaf- rur linear, 3. Dog
vide: spadix 5-6.5 em. lon
seed Souk 20- ribbed ene WRACK. EEL.
RASS.)—Streams, bays, and ditches along
the coast, Fla. to Newf.; also on Pacif.
—(0. W.) i ]
25d
rt
XS -
SAVE’
IMMER
(eA
i
=
Cary
“SSS
estar minor has been repor
region, but imperfect material of the next
following species has been mistaken for it.
Famity 3. CYMODOCEACEAE — MANATEE-GRASS FAMILY
Submerged herbs with jointed rootstocks. Leaves clustered at the
nodes or on n short branches each with a sheath and a narrow blade. Flowers
noecious or dioecious. Perianth wanting. Androecium a pair of anthers
terminating a long stalk. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, terminating in a
style an elongate stigmas, or of 1 earpel. Fruit an oblique nutlet.—
Comprises 2 genera and 10 species, Pd. distributed.
Anthers equally attached to the stalk: stigmas 2: leaf-blade
terete or nearly so 1. CYMODOCEA.
Anthers unequally attached to the stalk: stigma 1: leaf-blade
flat. 2. HALODULE.
1. CYMODOCEA Koenig. Rootstock
elongate. Leaves terete or half- ‘terete above
the sheaths. Flowers hidden e leaf-
sheaths, or the staminate ecc
Seven or eight species, in tropical regions.
1. C. manatorum Aschers. Plant growing
on sandy bottoms, the short stems arising
from the nodes of ‘the rootstock: leaf-blades
m linear, 5-25 em. long: nutlet 6-7
long, r ; i
Seldom seen unless dredged up c or blown ashore during storms.
NAIADACEAE 19
. HALODULE Endl. Rootstock elongate. Leaves flat above the
sheaths. Flowers borne in the leaf-sheaths or the staminate long-exserted.
—Two species, one in the Old World and
one in the New
l. H. Wrightii Aschers. Plant growing
on sandy bottoms, the short stems aris-
ing from the nodes of the Ede leaf-
ades narrowly linear, ao long:
nutlets sessile.—B hcm alon
the coast, southern Fla., partieularly on
eef.—(W
or 1
these plants only associated
ass
with n turtle- grass “Thalassia, on sand
botto
FAMILY 4. NAIADACEAE — Narap FAMILY
Mostly fresh-water herbs. Leaves mainly opposite: blades mostly
eur tlie o dilated. Flowers o axillary : staminate, a double
peri a single stamen: pistillate, a gynoecium consisti ing of an
a a style, and 2 or 3 stigmas. Fruit drupaceous.—Consists of the fol-
lowing genus:
1. NAIAS L. Submerged plants with usually much-branched stems
S humerous, the margins prominently or oo toothed.—-A bout
10 species, salle a almost eosmopolitan.—N A1A
Flowers monoeci ous : internodes and lower surfaces of the
eav
Anther {celled : : seeds shinin
g. 1. N. flexilis.
anier 4-celled : seeds 1d ted.
8 eaf-margins w nute subulate teeth. 2. N. guadalupensis.
eaf-margins w ith pronase triangular teeth. 3. N. conferta.
Florwers d. MEE internodes and low surfaces of the
e spir
ben p 9. 5 n wide, with 15-24 marginal teeth:
internodes filifor
Lezves about 2 Bn: ` wide, with 6-10 marginal teeth :
internodes stout.
4. N. gracilis.
N. marina.
l. N. flexilis ee Rostk. ae pcd Stem slender: leaves more numero
rather closer together and s r than ~ next following; blade mainly
acuminate: drupelet 3-4 mm. D z Stream
and ponds, various provinces, S. C.
3
B. C., and Lab.—(W. I. ? Mez. ? o w=
Sum.—This and some of the following
species a mins colleeted for E
Dried en is occasionally used as a
packing Mr E
N. guadalupensis (Spreng.) ed
Stem ipd or filiform: leaves 10—26 m
long; blade acute: drupelet about 2 mm
long. mie. per lakes, various provinees,
2 to Tex., en and Pa.—(W. I., Mex.,
C. A. ud —fal
20 | ALISMACEAE
. N. conferta A. Br. Similar to N. flexilis in habit, but the leaves more
slender Made wi with prominently mE. -toothed margins. — Tidal creeks, W Fla.
4. N. gracilis E Small. Stem filiform, the internodes slightly armed
near the top: leaf-blades e un um dr rupelet mainly less than 4 mm
long.—Creeks and ponds, Fla.—All yea
5. N. marina L. Stem stout, the ps strongly armed ur nol
blades linear, acute: drupelet mainly over 4 mm. long. [N. m Lp
Lakes, rivers, marshes, and salt MER various provinees, Fla. E^ Calif.,
Minn., and N. Y.—(W. I., Mez., O. W.)—Sum.
ORDER ALISMALES — ALISMAL ORDER
Marsh or aquatie herbs. Leaves alternate, mere phyllodia, or with
dilated blades. . Flowers regular. Perianth of sepals and usually also of
petals. Androecium of 3-6 stamens or more. Gynoecium of 3-many
earpels.
Petals nearly similar to the sepals: carpels co-
herent. . Fam. 1. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE.
Petals very different from the sepals: carpels not
coherent. Fam. 2. ALISMACEAE.
FAwinLyY 1. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE — Arrow-crass FAMILY
Perennial herbs. Leaves narrow or slender above E dilated bases.
Flowers ey in spikes or racemes. Perianth herbaceous. G
3-6-carpellary. Style gine or obsolete. Fruit 3-6 turgid e —
1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Acaulescent herbs, the perianth inconspicuous.—
ine species, in subarctic and temperate regions. Two species, additional to
the following, occupy similar habitats in
North America north of our range.
1. T. striata R. & P. Plants glabrous:
leaves 2-3 dm. long, attenuate: raceme 2-15
em. long: sepals ovate or oval, less inis 1
mm. long, greenish or light-yellow: fruit
.5-2 mm. in di iame E , each carpel 3-ribbed.
Salt-m es, river- uate and of
lakes, mostly near the coast, Fla. to La d
al lif Mex., S. A.) —Sum.-fal "
or all year S.—Reaches its best developme
in the coastwide miansnes: It is rare in fe Plorida lake region.
Faminty 2. ALISMACEAE — WarER-PLANTAIN FAMIL
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves basal, the blades flat, often with
basal lobes, or mere phyllodia. Flowers perfect, mon oecious, or dioecious,
whorled. Sepals herbaceous. Petals tender, white or pink. Gynoe ecium
of few to many earpels. Style manifest. Fruit a head of flattened or
turgid achenes.—About 14 gener a and 75 species, widely distributed in
fresh-water swamps and marshes.
ALISMACEAE 21
Carpels borne in one series: achenes verticillate. I. ALISMEAE.
Carpels borne in several spiral series: achenes capitate. II. SAGITTARIEAE.
. I. ALISMEAE
Flowering stem much branched, the pedicels very slender and
wiry.
1. ALISMA.
II. SAGITTARIEAE
Flowers all perfe
Style not Bd. fruit-head not echinate: achene turgid,
beakless or only obscurely beaked. 2. HELANTHIUM.
Style apical: fruit-head echinate: achene flat, promi-
nently beake 3. ECHINODORUS.
Flowers polygamous or dioecious, or monoecious—the lower
flow of the inflorescence perfect or pistillate, the
uot Ges staminat
Lower flowers of the d evextonke perfect. 4. LOPHOTOCARPUS.
Lower flowers of the inflorescence pistillate. . .9. SAGITTARIA
1. ALISMA L. Leaves without basal lobes. Flowers perfect, in com-
pound panicles. Stamens mostly 6. Achenes in 1 whorl.—About 10 species,
mostly in temperate and tropical regions.
Wes 7)
"fh
T
A
TO
A. subcordatum Raf. Leaves erect;
NA entire, 3-15 em. long, long- petioled:
seape 1—10 dm . tall, the Him or pedi-
a :
T
ibe
ae
IM
cels, whorled in 3's to 1 se ls obtuse
mm. long: pera ee depressed,
3 . wi achene 1.5—
Plantago (Chapm. ]—
[4. )]—((OWaT
PLANTAIN.)—Swamps, ditches, and shallow
water, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn.,
and Ma ass.—Spr.—fall.
2. HELANTHIUM Engelm. Leaves without basal lobes, the blades nar-
row. Flowers perfect, borne in racemes. Stamens 6 or 9. Achenes borne
in an inconspicuous naked head.—Two |
species, one in Cuba and the following.
H. par arvulum (Engelm.) Britton. Ps
long 3—1 all with a ienminal
whorl of 2-8 rp petals 1 .0—2 mm.
fruit-head 3—4 thiek: achene barely 1
mm. long. [Echino odorus parvulus Engelm.]
—Muddy place : or shallow water, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex T and Mass.— ~
(W. I., Me B -fal
3. ECHINODORUS L. C. Rich. Leaves with rounded basal lobes. Flow-
Ach
ers perfect, in racemes or panicles. Stamens 12-30. enes borne in
bristly naked head.—About 15 species, all n the following mostly Mee
Ameriean.—Spr.-sum.—BUR-HEADS. MUD-BABIES. CREEPING WATER-PLANTAINS.
Flowers, and fruit-heads, borne on pliable curved pedicels: style shorter than the
ovary: achene-beak about l4 as long as the body. 1. E. radicans.
Flowers, and E eei uri on Stift spreading pedicels: UA
ry:
bo
2. E. cordifolius.
22 | ALISMACEAE
1. E. radicans (Nutt.) Engelm. Stem creeping near the base: leaf-blades
ovate or elliptie, 5-20 em . long: scape often creeping, the flower-whorls remote:
petals a :
-hea 8
thiek: achene long, short-beaked.—
Pond- cU d | difehes, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Calif, Kans, and D. C.
(Mem.)
2. E. cordifolius (L.) Griseb. Stem ereet
or ascendi ing: leaf-blades o to
broadly ovate, 4-20 em. long: scape 1-5 dm
tall, the ae bed e. remote than in
E. radicans: petal E ng: pod
head 4-6 mm. Feu ae 2.5—9
SE long-beaked. [£. Nerone Engelm. ae
Swamps, ditches, and ponds, various pro-
un Fla. to Tex. ., Kans., and Ill.—(W. I., Mex.,
4, LOPHOTOCARPUS T. Durand. Leaves often with basal lobes, but
variable. Flowers monoecious, the upper ones staminate. Stamens 9-195.
Achenes in a head embraced by the calyx.—
About 7 species, besides the following and
several that range westward to California,
others occur in tropical America.—Sum.—
fall
1. L. calycinus (Engelm.) J. G.
br; : achene ov
n mg beaked.—Wet grounds, ep
and ponds, various provinees, Ala. le
S. Dak., and Del
SAGITTARIA L. Leaves often with basal lobes, sometimes lobeless,
or mere phyllodia. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, the upper ones ane!
staminate. Corolla white. Stamens mainly numerous. Achenes numerous
ely few, in dense heads.—Comprises about 40 species of wide e Di
distribution. Several species produce edible starchy tubers which were ex-
tensively used by the aborigines.—Mainly sum.—fall, or all year S.—ARROW-
EADS. SWAMP-POTATOES
Fruit- Aere e reflexed or re SUBULATAE.
Fruit-bearing pedicels ascending.
Leaf-blades without basal lobes. II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE.
Leaf-blades with basal lobes. III. LATIFOLIAE.
Sepals of the pistillate flowers accrescent and ultimately
appressed to the fruit-heads. IV. MONTEVIDENSES.
SUBULATAE
Filaments glabrous.
Tutores e Py ie except in robu
DE e x 1. S. subulata.
Aquatie plants with elongate leaves: ‘achene
short-beaked.
ALISMACEAE
Leaves with small floating blades: inflores-
cence simple: crests of 2s achene with
mere shallow undulatio
Leaves elongate ligulate phyllodia : inflores-
e sometimes branched: crests of the
hene with deep undulations
Inflorescence branched : phyllodia slenderly attenuate.
Filaments pubes
II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE
MSIE 2 m. dress c 2. long as those of the
nate on riy
ruin dilated, “relatively Shor
Lea ee terete 3-sided, often imperfectly
eve
Anther jouer than n filament: achene with
several facial wing
Anther shorter M. “hé filament: achene with
Achene oval o broadly elliptic.
Achene cune
Beak pru horizontal at the top of the
achen e-body
Beak e Borde much below the top of
ache
y.
YüUOR Seed OG simple: lower bracts ovate,
united to the moe achene with
lateral ribs or win
Inflorescence widely Dum nehed: lower
bracts lanceolate, aite at the base:
achene without lateral ribs or wings.
Filament not dilated, sle nder
Bracts and sepals granular- -papillose.
Bracts and sepals ri
Achene more or jo faleate, eee beaked,
the dorsal wing thick nd e
aaan not falcate, abruptly bon cd: the dorsal
wing usually thin and crested.
din of the pistillate flowers vy short or nearly
ranting.
Fruit. head not echinate: achene broadly winged and
shor MR ME anther broadly elliptie, about as long
as the filamen
Fruit-head echin ate: achene narrowly winged and
ee anther suborbicular, shorter than the
me
III. LATIFOLIAE
Achene minutely or inconspicuously beaked.
Achene prominently long-beake S
Beak s r nearly
Ue m D edlceis. bracts, and sepals
t
Achene less than 4 mm. long; beak horizontal
or declined, narrow, much smaller than the
body from Which it is differentiated : bracts
los
tomentu
Achene éd 4 long; beak horizontal-
ascending, broad, larger than the body. with
Brem it is ntinuous: bracts granular-
escent.
— rachis, pedicels, bracts, and sepals
1
Beak ere
Filament pubescent.
Pistillate ae very short: sepals and bracts
glabrou
Pistillate “pedicel elongate: sepals and bracts
pu
Filament IDS
Bas lobes p the leaf-blade acute or acumi-
Basal E of the leaf-blade rounded.
V. MONTEVIDENSES
I
Robust plant: leaf-blades 1-5 dm. long and wide: scape
up to 1 m. tall.
nAaR
n n
wR
. stagnorum.
lorata.
filiformis.
. platyphylla.
. teres.
isoetiformis.
. cycloptera.
. Mohr.
. graminea.
. Chapmanii.
. falcata.
lancifo lia.
. angustifolia.
. macrocarpa.
. rigida.
. graminea.
pubescens.
. ornithorhyncha.
. latifolia.
rigida.
. viscosa.
. S. longirostra.
. Ñ.
australis
montevidensis.
24 ALISMACEAE
: dc clipe S e Leaves erect; blade linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-3
ong, or wanting, t onere slender: scape 5-15 cm. tall, with 1 or 2
"pua -whorls: edd cel ely few, abou
Fla. to Ala. a
Small. . Leaves few;
blade es liste E^ ovate-elliptic 1.5-5 cm
long, the phyllodia linear, wider than the
petioles: scape with l—few flower-whorls:
flowers floating: achenes few, t 2
long, bea Lund [S.
3. 8. rata acs Small. Leaves PR dps VR elongate-linear, often
rather pos: phyllodia which sometimes are up to 250 em. long, 3-5-ribbe b
t bout a 5 the
least in age: scape a dics Ra E eaves: io whorls usually 4—
flowers floating: achenes nd 2.5 mm. long, the beak irm
Streams and springs, Fla. and adj. pos Plain of pus and Ga.; perhaps N
along the coast. The plan un of the northern states, sometimes referred here,
may represent a different species—An apparently extremely large Lu of
S. lorata in the Wakulla River, Fla., has been pur ed S. Kurziana Gliic
S. filiformis J. G. Smith. Leaf-blades ens cape 6-12 dm. long, with
eral flower-whorls; only 1 or 2 flowers of the lower whorls ie their
pedicels elongate: fruit-head 6—7 mm. thick: Pd ene 1.5 mm. long, about
ii crested, the beak o YP: —Ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala.; appar-
ently also in the Car
5. S. platyphylla x es J. G. Smith. Leaf-blades lanceolate, elliptic, or
ovate, 5-15 em. long: scape 2-5 dm. tall, with 3-8 flower whor ls, the flowe
0 mm. thick: achenes 2 mm. long, winged, the beak horizontal ——Ponds and
swamps, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Kans., and Mo.
6. S. teres S. Wats. Leaf-blades narrow ud imperfect, or wanting: scape
1.5—4.5 dm. tall, with 1 or rarely 2 or 3 din -whorls, 1 or 2 flowers of the
lower whorl pistilate: fruit-head 8-12 mm. thick: achene 2 long, un-
evenly crested, the beak reel erect shallow water, Coastal Plain and Nev ew
England Coast, S. C. to Mas
7. S. isoetiformis J. G. Smith. Leaf- blades wanting or aA scape
7-12 dm uar tn with 1 flower whorl: fruit-head about 6 mm. thick:
achene 1 long, dorsally Cas ge pow cae i e.—Low grounds and eee
Beim. Coastal Plain, Fla.
8. S. p (J. G. Smith) " rd Leaf-blades linear or linear-lanceo-
late, 4-15 em. long, or wanting: scape 2-8 dm. long, gee with 3-15 flower-
whorls: fruit. head barely 10 mm. thick: achene 1.5 m m. long, the minute beak
ascending.—Swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.
9. S. Mohrii J. G. Smith. Leaf aia linear to lanceolate, 5-15 c ong,
dicemus oe scape 4—9 dm. long, with 6-8 ower-whorls: fruit. DET
6-8 m : achene 2.5-3.5 mm. long, the large beak horizontal.—Ponds,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.
10. S. graminea ien Leaf-blades linear, lanceolate, or ndo e, 5-15 c
long, or wanting: scape E m dm . ta e ps fe uF or many flower-whorls: fruit.
head less than 10 n mm. : achene ong, winged, tlie minute beak
horizontal.—Mud and eri various Resa Tu to Tex., Sask., and Newf.
ALISMACEAE 25
11. S. Chapmanii (J. G. Smith) C. Mohr. Leaf-blades linear or lanceolate,
15-20 em. long, or wanting: scape 3—5 dm. long, with often many flower- -whorls
and panieulate: fruit-head 5 mm. thick: achene 1 mm. long, wingless, the
Eug: beak lateral—Ponds and marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga.
S. fa pd Pursh. pd ie ades narrowly ae MEER E slightly hend
est abov middle linear, 10-35 cm. long, mainly 3-5 nerved:
pedicels of i pistillate aod relatively short, their bracts “Of an ovate E
achene about 2 mm. long.—Low grounds and mars shes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Tex. and Del.—(Mez.)
. S. lancifolia d Leaf- puse elli id or nearly so to narrowly elliptic-
lanceolate, 30-60 cm. long, mainly 5—9-nerved: pedicels of rn. flowers
relatively ‘long, their bra cts of a lanceo lat te type: achene — long.—
Swamps, pools, and a river- banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Te ex— (m. L, Mex.,
A., 8S. A
C. A., S8. A.)—Very variable in siz es at its best it is the ped - our arrow-
heads. On en da rida prairie s and m rshes the leaves. and flower-stalks often
grow higher than one’s head. sed D by is ecu in eases of
shock Pus EHE bite.
angustifolia Lindl. Leaf-blades linear or nea arly so, sometimes very
narrow, 9—4 g: pe as long as eaves or longer, usually simple,
with several flower ind Ei braets of a lanceolat santas fruit-head 1-1.5
em. thick: achene 2-2.5 long, abruptly narrowed into the minute beak,
the dorsal wing usually der) —Low grounds and ion d Plain, Ga.
to La.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
aa S macrocarpa J. G. Smith. Leaf-blades linear or linear-lanceolate, 5—7
long: seape 2—4.5 dm. tall, with 3-5 flower-whorls, ed flowers P A iad lowest
od or the 2 lower whorls pistillate: fruit-head 10-12 m thick: achene 3
long, winged, the beak ascending.—Pond-margins and E reer Plain,
S. C. and N. C.
S. rigida Pursh. Leaf- Dido rd to broadly ovate, wird i with
p lobes, 5-20 em. long: scape weak, 1-8 dm. long, with 5-9 flow in.
"i uit-head 8—15 mm. thick, SCR d ud SO: ‘achene 3-4 mm. lon n inge d,
e beak aus TIFF-ARR "C ~ and running water, various
2 inees, Tenn. to Nebr., Minn. Gs Que. ~ N.
17. S. pubescens Muhl. - blades 8-25 cm. long, with the terminal lobe
more rounded than in no. 20, puberulent or ‘hirsute: sca
te flowers ae as lo:
longer: sepals not accrescent: fruit-head 8-15 mm. thick: achene 2-3 mm. lon ng,
the beak horizontal or somewhat declined.—Meadows, pois runs, and marshes,
Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala., Tenn., Pa., and N. J.
8. S. ornithorhyncha Small. Leaf-blades 9-17 em. long, hastate, the terminal
lobe slightly acuminate, the basal lobes as long as the terminal one or nearly
n diameter: achene resemblin ng a bird, 4-6 mm. long, the beak as long as the
acne perd or longer, winged, horizontal- -ascending.—Swamps, Coastal Plain,
N. C.
E S. latifolia Willd. Leaf-blades pne 15-40 em. en glabrous, the basal
dm
lobes narrower and rather shorter t n the terminal one: scape 3- tall:
pedieels of pistillate flowers much pns than the acute bracts: fruit-head
15- ick: achene about 3 mm. long, the beak ascending or recurved
30 . lo :
[S. variabilis Engelm.]—(ARROWwLEAF. DUCK-POTATO. WAPATO.)—Swamps,
shallow Du er, ry river- -banks, various provinces, Fla. to Calif., B. C., and N.
B.—(Mez., C. A.)
26 ELODEACEAE
20. S. viscosa C. Mohr. Leaf-blades 20—35 em. long, the seg e broadly
ovate, the basal lobes shorter, acute or acuminate: scape 5-8 dm , with few
flower-whorls: braets obtuse: fruit-heads not seen.—Muddy places yee marshes
Coastal Plain, N Fla. and S Ala.
21. S. "ipe pasce J. G. Smith. Leaf-blades oe 25 em. tong the
Pp pe broadly ovate, the basal ones as lon ng but narrower: scape 4—8
ith few oe ower- -whorls: braets pice fruit-heads 12-18 mm.
DUE pos P MIND achene 4 mm. long, with fa cial Bec the dorsal wing
par tially erenate, the i: ak erect.—Pon "re and streams, Coastal Plain
and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Ar k., Pa., and N. J.
22. S. australis (J. G. Smith) Small. Leaf-blades 8-10 cm. long, the terminal
lobe very broad, the basal lobes shorter, obtuse: scape 4—5 dm. La with 4—6
flower-whorls: fruit- heads fully 10 mm. thick: achene 3-3.5 m . long, w with
faeial wings, the dorsal wing undulate, the beak cud over the ‘crest.—Low
grounds, Appalachian Plateau, N Ala
23. S. montevidensis C. & S. Leaf-blades 1-5 dm. long, the basal lobes nar-
rower and shorter than the ovate terminal one: scape very stout, about as tall as
T a the pedicels relatively short: fruit-heads 15-30 mm. thick: achene
2-3 mm. long, the slender beak oblique.—(GIANT-ARROWLEAF.)—Low grounds
and ae Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.; also Calif. Nat. of S. A.
OrpER HYDROCHARITALES — HyprocHArRITAL ORDER
Perennial aquatic herbs, with rootstocks. Leaves usually with blades.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious, or rarely perfect, from spathes. Perianth
double, or the corolla wanting. Androecium of 1-12 stamens. Gynoecium
3-15-carpellary. Ovary inferior. Fruits capsular or baccate
Gynoecium 3- i ci or rarely 2-, 4- or oin ovary 1-celled, with 3, or
rarely with 2, 4 o parietal placentae: stigma
ually Fam. 1. ELODEACEAE.
Gynoecium 6-9 earpellary: ovary 6-9-celled : stigmas
6-9. Fam. 2. HYDROCHARITACEAE.
Famity d. HLODEACEAE — TAPE-GRASS FAMILY
Plants with leafy stems, or leaves basal, often pl elongate. Gyno-
ecium 2-5-carpellary, the ovary l- celled. —Com mpri s 6 genera and about
24 species, widely distributed in warm region
Staminate flower with 1-3 stamens: plant with horizontal rootstocks.
eaves opposite on short horizontal stems ; ee broad, more or less petioled:
stigmas filiform : pollen filiform : marine plan 1. HALOPHILA.
Leaves spiral, but in a basal cluster; blade ieee without
a petiole: stigmas short and broad: pollen spheroidal :
fresh water plan 2. VALLISNERIA.
Staminate flower with 9 stamens: fresh water plant with float-
ing stems and whorled leaves. 3. PHILOTRIA.
1. HALOPHILA Thouars. Marine submerged herbs, with short branches
arising from the rootstock. Leaves opposite or whorled, the lower ones oft
scale-like. Flowers dioecious or monoecious, the staminate pedicelled, the
Pa sessile in the spathe, flask-shaped. Fruit short, s. in the
athe.—About 6 species, mostly cireumtropieal.—SEA-GRASSES— The plants
Rom on the sea-bottom, in shallow water, or at i depths when
ELODEACEAE 27
the water is clear. Their habit is somewhat suggestive of marine algae of
the genus Caulerpa; often found washed ashore after storms.
Leaves 1 or 2 at the tip of the branches; blades evidently
serrulate, on filiform petioles: capsule short- e 1. H. Baillonis.
ciliolate and obscurely serrulate, sessile or with stout
pere e-like bases: capsule long-beaked. 2. H. Engelmannii.
1. H. Baillonis Aschers. Plant with a thread-like rootstock, the branches
short, usually very short or obsolete: leaves eee blades oblong, linear-
o long, or spatulate, mostly 1-2.5 mm. long, 7
thin, often minute ex D especially (
w : oun indi
with indis-
tine obse scure, ndr -petioled: capsule
ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 3-3.5 mm. long.
—Sandy or marly bottoms on Reef about
the Florida Keys:
. Engelmannii Aschers. Plant with a
ae like rootstock; the branches stare
ate, 1—3 em. lon
thick, ' gla abr rous, sharply serrulate, evidently
\ H
and creeks, coast of Fla. and open waters of the Fla. Reef.
VALLISNERIA [Mich.] L. Fresh-water herbs. Leaves basal with —
T elongate ribbon-like blades. Flowers dioecious, the staminate numerous,
crowded on a spadix; they break away from their short stalks and float on the
surface of the water where they shed their To about the pistillate flowers
which have been raised to the surface by the rapid growth of the pedicels.
Pistillate flowers few, each solitary at the end of an S spiral scape.
Fruit subtended by the spathe.—Two species, both represented in our range,
the first one also in the Old World.—EEL-GRASSES. TAPE-GRASSES. WATER-
CELERIES.—Plants with their long leaves and pistillate flowers usually partly
floating
Stigmas cleft for less than half their length: sepals of the pistillate POR 2-8
stigmas ci cleft nearly to the base: sepals of the pistillate flowers ov adi
. long. 2. V. americana.
1. d spiralis L. Leaf-blades thin, 3-8 mm. wide, usually dentieulate, espe-
pecially near the apex: peduncles of "the pistillate flowers = 6 dm. long, spirally
twisted at maturity: Im ps A
1-1.5 em. long: vis nthium 1-2 . long
in anthesis: petal a UR capsu ie slen-
der.—Still and pere $c. various prov-
inces, N. C. to Ind., S. Dak, and
(0. W.)—Sum.-fall.—A wide-spread species,
occurring in both the Old World and the
New, but k entering our range from
the No rth
= V. red ct "ea blades thick-
ofte
ae of. the vistillate pues 5-10 :
or more, curved at maturity, but
28 ELODEACEAE
pee spiral; spathe loose, 2-2.5 em. long: hypanthium 2.5-3 cm. long in
anthesis: petals less eR 15a as long as the ape capsule po 7-11 in
Mir Mae d oe Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.—Al ye ps plan
mueh (legen in pe than the precedi ng. "Ofte very m ant in
growth. Like be preceding. eres it is a favorite food of ducks, and Ea
of other water bir
3. PHILOTRIA Raf. Fresh-water herbs. Leaves eauline, opposite or
whorled. Flowers perfect and with 3 stamens or dioecious or polygamous; the
staminate with 9 stamens detach themselves, arise and float on the surface of
the water and shed their pollen about the pistillate or perfect flowers or reach
the surface by the elongation of their thread-like hypanthia like the pistillate
flowers whieh are raised to the surface on long stalks; the pistillate similar
and slender-pedicelled. Fruit enclosed by the BR. [Elodea Michz.]—
About 10 species, natives of America; one naturalized in Europe.—Spr.-sum.
—WATERWEEDS.—The plants of some species are collected locally and applied
to eultivated land as fertilizers.
Staminate spathes not cleft d to the base, 1-flowered :
petals less than 5 mm. long or wanting: upper
Leaf- leaves 1-5 mm. ree : staminate flowers with the
3 central stamens on a stalk exceeding the other 6:
pistillate flowers frequent, m cr erted. 1. P. canadensis.
Leaf- T less than 1 mm. bro staminate flowers
ith 9 equal stamens: AE flowers unknown. 2. P. linearis.
Staminate spathes cleft nearly to the base, several-flowered :
petals about 1 em. long; upper leaves in whorls
of 4. 3. P. densa.
1. P. canadensis Dec Britton. Stem slender, dichotomously branched
lower leaves opposite, with small ovate blades; upper leaves of pistillate du
with elliptie to Iuiccón x ovate blades, firm
een, imbrieate above; those of stami-
nate plants narrower, even lanceolate-linear,
es scarcely imbricate: staminate spathe
thers 3 m ong: pistillate spathe nearly
pid. [i EA UN pistillate flower long
stigmas 3, ligulate, pink, Mi cleft. [P. Nut-
ji E. U. 8.)]—
o Calif., Wash., and Que —A r ae ae
Rm P. ea ea. has been reported from Florida in error.
2. P. linearis Rydb. Stem slender: upper leaves with EA uc Dowd
green blades, 5-12 mm. long, not imbrieate: staminate spathe n P.
densis ; a flower exserted on a thread-like oa o a
pend mm. long: petals white, linear, exceeding the sepals or abortive; or.
lon ig wam ps, Interior Low Plateaus, Bios Cumberland River, near
Nashville, Ten
3. P. densa naa Small. Stem stout, 2-3 mm. in diameter: leaves very
numerous, nd crowded; blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.5
long, 2-5 mm. broad, acuminate, serrulaté: spathe of the staminate flowers
1 Prepared with the assistance of Harold St. John.
HYDROCHARITACEAE | 29
narrowly conie, rae 1 cm. long: sepals green, oval to ovate, 3-4 mm :
o white, 9-11 mm. long: pistillate flowers not seen Lakes, Pinellas pen.,
— Perhaps introduced through cultivated plants.—(S. A.)
FAMILY 2. HYDROCHARITACEAE — Fnoc's-Brr FAMILY
Plants with leaves in clusters on the rootstocks. Gynoecium 6-9-
pellary, ie ovary 6—9-celled.—Comprises 8 genera and about 20 ¢ species of
: temperate and tropieal regions.
"Flowers ue Men distinct : anther nearly sessile: leaf not differentiated
: intó. e and petio 1. THALASSIA.
; Flowers monoecious: com mens with united filaments: leaf differ-
l o blade and petiole. 2. LIMNOBIUM.
1. THALASSIA Banks. Marine herbs. Leaves mere strap-like blades.
Flowers dioecious. Fruit rugose or nearly echinate.— Two species, circum-
tropical. |
1. T. testudinum Koenig & Sims. Leaves
-2—5 together; blade linear, 5-30 em. long:
fruit . echinate-pubescent, 'erect.— ( TURTLE-
)—Bays a
RASS -WEED nd coasts, pen VANN |
Fla. and Florida Reef.—( ,8. À4 All RNY M
ear.— in vast submarine AN
I
E
EXE
aX goa
= SS
el f ^
=
SS
d
=
~~
—_
e
co
X
<—
=e
=~
sate
often f
leaves are washed n Ed vast quantities
Co
Tr
Qe
>
=g, 2
rd do.
Aad
a
e pe eR :
I pte ETE.
E. S Dt e
MM
AM
and are gathered as ‘‘s eed?! for ferti- Sn
lizer. Only during quiet puc and con- |
i clear water, can one get an p ee
of these DIR rine fields
Hades rendezvous for various Nn a fish, turtles, Ed other marine animals.
2. LIMNOBIUM L. C. Rich. Fresh-water herbs. Leaves with dilated
blades terminating petioles. Flowers monoecious. Fruit smooth. Three or
four species, American,
1. L. Spongia (Bose.) L. C. Rich. Leaves
several i eee us ovate : suborbi-
ular niform oad: fruit
pre nodding ems s- Ed .) Shallow
water and mud, various provinces, Fla. to
ex., Mo., Ont., and N. J.—Sum —fa ll.—T he
plants are very variable in size,
leaves vary shape and have short or long
petio In marshes as bs water dries up
ioles. -
js frog’s-bit grows rapidly and often
overs acres of these low lands with a peer
been carpet.
OrpER POALES — PoAL ORDER
Mostly perennial caulescent or acaulescent plants, known as grasses
and sedges. Stems sometimes conspicuously jointed. Leaves alternate,
mostly sheathing at the base: blades usually narrow and elongate, entire or
nearly so. Flowers variously disposed in a simple or compound inflores-
cence, perfect or rarely monoecious or dioecious, incomplete, inconspicu-
ous, borne in the axils of chaffy bracts or scales (glumes). Fruit a cary-
opsis (grain) or an achene, or rarely a nut, or baceate.
30 POACEAE
Leaves 2-ranked, their sheath-margins usually not united: stem mostly hollow: fruit
a grain (caryopsis). Fam. 1. Poac EAE.
Leaves Sane. their sheath-margins united: stem solid:
fruit an achen Fam.2. CYPERACEAE.
Faminty 1. POACEAE — Grass FAMILY!
Herbs or rarely woody plants, with often hollow stems (culms)
closed at the nodes, and 2-ranked parallel-veined leaves, these consisting of
2 parts, a lower (the sheath), enveloping the culm, its margins s overlapping
or sometimes grown together, an upper (the blade), usually flat, while be-
tween the two on the inside, a membranaceous hyaline or hairy appen
(the ligule). Flowers perfect (rarely unisexual), small, with no distinct
erianth, arranged in spikelets consisting of a s ortened axis (rachilla)
ma ra
sented by 2 (rarely 3) small hyaline scales E epe a e base of
the flower inside the lemma and palea. e a, pale d inclosed
flower constitute the floret. The oe are ie cone ager Mem
in an inflorescence at the ends of the main stems or nehes. The
or e (the single seed and the adherent p E may be o as
in wheat, r permanently inelosed in the lem palea as in the oat.
Ll T i : is from the ees as in pte of Sporobolus and
Eleusine. The stems of bamboos are woody as are also those of a few
en such as Olyra and Lasiacis, ed to e tribes. The eulms
are solid in our species of the tr ibes Tripsaceae and ro A The
margins of the sheaths are grown together in species of Bromus, Festuca,
Melica, Panicularia, and others. The parts of the spikelet may be modified
in various ways. The first, and more rarely also the secon , glume may n
wanting. The lemmas may contain no flower, or even no pa ea, or may
reduced or rudimentary. The palea is rarely wanting in perfect florets as
in species of Agrostis.—Comprises about 500 genera and 7,000 species very
widely distributed in latitude, a and habitat. The so-called cereals
are of great economic importane
Spiele with 1 perfect terminal floret (disregarding those of the staminate and
euter spikelets) and a sterile or staminate floret below, usually represented by
terile lemma only, one glume sometimes, both glumes rarely, wanti ing: articu-
lation below the spikelets either in the pedicel, in the rachis, or B. PR base
of a cluster of spikelets, the spikelets falling entire, singly, in groups, or together
with joints of the rachis: spikelets, or at least the fruits, aoe or jess dorsally
e Ed (except in some genera of Nazieae). (SUBFAMILY PANICATAE.)
Glumes indurate: fertile lemma and lea nn or lend eem eous, the sterile
emma (when present) like the fertile n texture.
Spikelets P Rs Pas RUE the Staminate “above, on the same in-
florescence, separate inflor Tribe I. TRIPSACEAE.
DDR ts perfect, st staminate a Bener Res some-
present.
Spikelets in Lae one sessile and perfect,
the other pedicelled and Tana n
nate or neutral (the pedicellate on
times obsolete, or rarely both pedicellate) :
mas hyaline. Tribe II. ANDROPOGONEAE.
em
1Contributed by Albert Spear Hitchcock.
POACEAE
Spikelets in groups of 2-5, the groups fall-
m entire dim the continuous axis: lem-
membranous. Tribe III. NAZIEAE.
Glumes incur a fertile lemma and palea
B te, at least firmer than Sic glumes : sterile
lemma like the glumes in textur Tribe IV. PANICEAE.
Spikelets, E to many-flowered, the reduced florets, if
ny, ove the perfect florets (except in Phala-
placa sterile lemmas below as well as above in
eral flow Tribe XIII. BAMBUSEAE.
Plants Bea ous, the stem a l.
pikelets with 2 er R T ie: neuter or rudimen-
tary Tan mas eee and below the fertile
conan no erile or rudimentary florets
ove Tribe VII. PHALARIDEAE.
Spikelets without sterile lemmas below the per-
fect floret (or us rarely present and
like the fertile on |
Spikelets unisexual, articulate below the
glumes, 1-flow terete or nearly so. Tribe VI. ZIZANIEAE.
Spikelets’ perfect rarely unisexual but then
sc ue ve),usually articulate above
e glu
Spikelets "ar eats below the glumes, 1-
owered, very flat, the lemma and
D about equal, both keeled; glumes
mall or wanting. Tribe V. ORYZEAE.
Spikelets articulate above the glumes
rarely c but the glumes, at
S y elo A ).
ee eee : the rachis disar-
ticulating in Hordeum) : articu-
lation above the glumes except
in Spartina.
Spikelets on opposite sides of the
rachis: spike terminal, dps i Tribe XII. HORDEAE.
Spikelets on one side of the
is: oc usually mous than G
1 digitate or racemo Tribe X. CHLORIDEAE.
Spikelets pedicellate in onen or ĉon- u
Ds cted, sometimes spike-like, a.
BD E -— .
Spikelets r flowered. Tribe VIII. AGROSTIDEAE.
Spikelets 2- to many-flow ul E
lumes as long as the pee est Pigs
floret, usually as long as the
Spik elet : lemmas awn e
from the back (awnless in
Koeleria and Sphenopholis). Tribe IX. AVENBEAE.
de: Shorter than the first
emmas awnless or
d ue the tip or from
a bifid Tribe XI. FESTUCEAE.
Tribe I. TRIPSACEAE
Fruiting ee not enclosed in a hard be ad-like involucre.
tam
enclosed by large bracts.
Pistillate ee separate, the rachis articulate:
fruits enclo 2. EUCHLAENA.
nme spikes uni ited into a thick receptacle-like
cob fruits v QUE 3. ZEA.
Fruiting ‘spikelets enclos ed in hard bead-like involucre
f rom the indurate Puerto of the subtending
. COIX.
32 POACEAE
Tribe II. ANDROPOGONEAE
Spikelets all perfect, surrounde d by copious soft hairs
Rachis continuous, E spikelets LES Spikelets of
e pair unequall y pedicellat
Racemes in a narr e spike- S ike panicle: spikelets
awnless.
Racemes in an open, usually flabellate, panicle:
Spikelets awne
Rachis breaking up into joints at maturity with the
p ES one spikelet Dey the other
ct m
a
fe)
Mer
"i
RM
ct
ite)
'o
Ph
mM
[t
Uu
N
pede
[um
oO
Uu
{ej
pad o
m
(D
^
[t
d um
erile spikelet conspicuous
Rachis. int and pedicel disti nct, the sessile d
let appressed to them, its first glume lane
ate.
Races subcylindrie: rachis-joints and pedicels
glabrous, much thicker at the summit, the
spikelets sunken in the hollow below: sterile
spikelet rudimentar
Racemes flat: rachis: -joi ints and pedicels woolly,
Pe voe m at the summit: sterile spike-
neuter.
Pedicel not A I "df slightly so the spikelets
awned), neither id nor adnate to the
rachis joint, this usually slender: spikelets usu-
a
Fertile spikelet with a hairy- -pointed callus, formed
of ene attached suppor ting rachis-joint or
pedicel: awns stron
n E ran ced to a single joint, long- -pedun-
c Pi simple open panicle.
S Uf several to many joints, s
e ng.
Racemes of several to no ny j nes. solitary, digi-
tate, or aggrega
Racemes reduced to 1 or few joints: these mostly
pedu Bele in a subsimple or compound
anicle.
Pedicellate spikelets staminate.
Pedicellate E wanting, the pedicel only
ribe III. NAZ
Bm with flat leaf-blades m: Spikes of Pus n spike-
Tribe IV. PANICEAE
Spikelets E DARE d leaf-blades petioled.
“Spikelets all perfect
Spikelets of 2 kinds, aerial and subterranean.
a Spikelets all of one k ind.
ikelet S sunken in the cavities of the flattened
Spikelets not s sunken in the
Spikelets subtended or Sur Pout nded by 1 to many
2 2x e Ra distinct r more or less con-
an involucre.
Bristles An. the spikelets deciduous.
PESEE a with the spikelets at ma-
Brístles ‘not united at base, slender, often
se.
Bristles united into a bur-like involucre,
the bristles Sem barbed.
5. IMPERATA.
6. MISCANTHUS.
7. SACCHARUM.
8. ERIANTHUS.
10. RYTILIX.
9. MANISURIS.
11. ELYONURUS.
15. RHAPHIS.
16. HETEROPOGON.
12. ANDROPOGON.
13. HOLCUS.
14. SORGHASTRUM.
17., NAZIA.
38. OLYRA.
3í. AMPHICARPON.
36. STENOTAPHRUM.
33. CHAETOCHLOA.
34. PENNISETUM.
35. CENCHRUS.
POACEAE
» Spikelets not subtended by bristles.
Glumes or sterile lemma awned. (Awn short, .
concealed in the silky hairs of the
D s Tricholaena : awn eo cen to
a poi n Echinochloa colon
indurescenca paniculate : spikelets. silky.
Inflorescence of unilateral simple or some-
at compound racemes along a
common eae MES smooth or
hispid, not s
ee ieee: broad and thin
glumes 2-lobed, awned from Bots con
the lobes.
M long and narrow: glumes
ned from n tir
Glumes and sterile lem
Fruit S dco durae “flexible, usu-
dark-colored, the ma with
eae or less S "white hya-
line margins, these not inrolled.
Spikelets in racemes, covered with long
silky hairs, the racemes a
PORE glabrous or variously pubes
ent, but no long-silky.
Sp ike lets in jc er racemes more
or less di igita
Spikelets in cee
ile lemma boat-shaped :
anicles narrow.
ye lemma convex: panicles
«Fruit chartaceous- anaE, rigid.
Spikelets placed with the back of the
ruit turned away from the
rachis of n dod usually
[d
le pai
First Piume and the rachilla-joint
forming wollen ring-like
callus pelos She spikelet.
Rirst glume oe nt or wanting,
n. orming a Se callus
digitate or subdigitate.
as Spikelets. placed with the back of the
fruit turned toward the rachis of
the spikelike racemes, or pedi-
cellate in panicles
Fruit longacuminate : both glumes
ng.
Fruit por: loncuonmindeee at least
one glume present.
First glume typically wanting:
spikelets plano-convex,
sub-sessile in spike-like
eme
First glume present: spikelets
usually in panicles.
Second glume inflated-sac-
ina this and the sterile
lemma much exceeding the
stipitate fruit.
SECON I actato. not inflated-
Stem oody plants
Bemis like. fruit with
oe ft of down at th
Stems P prune eous: no
tuft dowa at the
. apex of the fruit.
Tribe v. ORYZEAE
. Glumes minute: lemma often awned.
Glumes wanting : lemma awnless.
32. TRICHOLAENA.
30. OPLISMENUS.
31. ECHINOCHLOA.
19. VALOTA.
20. SYNTHERISMA.
18. ANTHAENANTIA.
1. LEPTOLOMA.
22. ERIOCHLOA.
23. BRACHIARIA.
24. AXONOPUS.
2b. REIMAROCHLOA.
26. PASPALUM,
20. SACCIOLEPIS.
28. LASIACIS,
21. PANICUM.
39. bigz
40. E
POACEAE
Tribe VI. ZIZANIEAE
Stem Tene low: staminate and pistillate spikelets borne
arate inflorescences
Inflorescence a few- “lowered spike: plants not stolonif-
ous.
Hore escence a panicle:
In plants stoloniferous.
Stem Pas L
staminate and pistillate spikelets borne
me panicle.
Sa in pairs, the larger one sessile and pistillate,
the smaller staminate and pedicellate.
Spikelets not pair
Plant annual: pistillate spikelets on the ascending
spreading
l : pistillate spikelets at the ends, the
siamimate below on the same branches of the
pan
Tribe VII. PHALARIDEAE
Sterile florets reduced to small awnless scale-like lemmas:
spikelets much compressed laterally.
Sterile florets consisting of awned hairy empty lemmas
exceeding the fertile floret: spikelets terete.
Tribe VIII. AGROSTIDEAE
Bu Spikelet^ below the glumes, these falling with
Glunies long-a
Glumes awnless
Rachilla end prolonged behind. the palea:
o united
panicle
toward
eu
eb
Rachita . prolonged pucr the palea: panicle
dense: glumes not MESE
d cili ate je the n
Panicle narrow; lem
twisted awn from
with a ener bent
stra
Rachilla att eulate above the glumes.
"ruit indurate, terete, awned, the nerves obscure: cal-
lus weil- developed, oblique, bearde
Awn trifid, the teral divisions OS short,
rarely DES pud obsolete no line of demar-
cation between awn and lemma as in the next).
Awn simple, a E of demarcation between the aw
" and the lem
Fruit Ber or fcn > put scarcely indurate,
erves prominent or evident:
Pene ed.
Glumes longer than the lemm
Glumes compressed- farinute. abruptly mucronate,
stifly ciliate on the keels: panicle dense,
cylindric or ellipsoid.
Glumes not compressed-carinate, not cilia
. Florets bearing a tuft of hairs at nee base
from the short callus, ut hairs at least
half as long as the lem
Florets without hairs at the base or the
hairs very short.
Glumes not longer th the lemma, usually shorter
(the awn-tips longer in Muhle PUA pace:
if firm the
callus not well-
mos
Lemma awned from the tip or mucronate, 3-5-
nerved.
Rachilla prolonged behind the palea: floret
itate.
Rachilla not prolonged : floret not stipitate.
Lemma awnless or awned from the back.
Callus E ao and palea chartace-
ous
Panicles ire ike. Tike: rachilla prolonged.
Panicles open: rachilla not prolonged.
Callus. not bearded.
45.
Hx
IN
Aa
ww)
on
c3
‘56.
48.
49.
c
9.
c
e)
51.
50.
60.
61.
54
. HYDROCHLOA.
42.
LUZIOLA.
PHARUS.
. ZIZANIA.
. ZIZANIOPSIS.
. PHALARIS.
. ANTHOXANTHUM,
. POLYPOGON.
. ALOPECURUS.
LIMNODEA.
. CINNA.
ARISTIDA.
STIPA.
. PHLEUM.
CALAMAGROSTIS.,
. AGROSTIS.
BRACHYELYTRUM.
MUHLENBERGIA.
AMMOPHILA.
CALAMOVILFA.
. SPOROBOLUS
POACEAE
e IX. AvENEAE
Spikelets falling entire: first Eine much smaller than the
Florets alike, rfect.
den unlike, the lower perfect, oe
taminate. and bearing a hooked a
Spikelets noc falling entire, the glume Hber deem
Florets 2, the lower staminate, awned; the upper per-
feet, awnless.
Hore 2 or more, all alike except the reduced upper
the upper
es.
An arising from between the teeth of a bifid apex,
flattened, twisted.
Awn a not flattened: lemma often bifid at
Spikelets large, the glumes over 1.5 cm. long.
Spikelets less than 1 cm. lon
eT ed: awn arising from above the
Lemmas bidentate: oe
Lemmas entire: annual.
Lemmas convex: awn Tom below the middle.
Rachilla prolonged behind the upper
a E emmas runcate and erose-
ate.
Rachilla not prolonged:
into 2 slender teeth.
lemmas tapering
e X. CHLORIDEAE
Spikelets with more than 1 per Nen floret.
Spikes numerous, slender, e dp dd on an elongate axis.
Spikes few, digitate or nearly
Rachis of spike extending borond the spikelets.
Rachis not prolon
Spikelets with only 1 weak floret, often with additional
ga florets above
ikelet withou addi itio nal the
Fáchilla Sonic bin e o
Rachilla P below the glumes, the spikelets
falling e
Rachilla A above the
Spikes digitate: rachilla prolonged.
Spike es racemose along the main axis:
not prolonged.
Spikelets MES DUE. or more modified florets above the
ec
BPE o 2 sterile florets below the perfect
nd glume bearing a squarrose spine
B die acht spike single, recurved.
Spikelets with no sterile florets below the pe
on econd glume 2-190 a squarrose spine
modified florets,
rachilla
ng the main axis.
Spikelets distant, appressed: spikes slender,
elonga
Spikelets. ‘contiguous or crowded, not ap-
pressed: spikes usually short, relatively
stout.
Tr a XI. FESTUCEAE
Tall oue reeds with large plume-like panicles: lemmas
e with long Like” hairs as long as the
Penne PE rachilla naked.
Lemmas naked: rachilla hairy.
Low or rather tall stems, rarely over 1.5 m. tall.
Plant dioecious, perennial : lemmas glabrous: grasses
e soil.
: spikelets obscure, scarcely
he short crowded rig id leaves.
rom creeping rootstocks: spikelets in
a narrow simple exserted panicle.
Plant not dioecious (except in a few species of Poa
with villous lemmas and in an annual species of
Eragrostis).
62
19.
18.
TI.
72.
71.
80.
. SPHENOPHOLIS.
.. NOTHOLCUS.
. ARRHENATHERUM,
. DANTHONIA.
. AVENA.
: TRISETUM.
. KOELERIA.
. AIRA.
. ASPRIS.
LEPTOCHLOA.
DACTYLOCTENIUM,.
ELEUSINE.
SPARTINA.
CAPRIOLA.
CAMPULOSUS.
. CHLORIS.
. GXMNOPOGON.
. BOUTELOUA.
. ARU
82.
PHBRAGIOIBES:
MONANTHOCHLOE,
DISTICHLIS.
36 , POACEAE
Lemmas _3-nerved, the nerves prominent, often hairy.
Lemmas pubescent on the nerves or callus: mid-
l
Palea sometimes villous, but not long-ciliate
on the upper EM lf.
Lemmas not pubescent on the nerves or callus
(the Len Sometimes sparsely pubes-
Lemmas chat aceods grain large and
beaked, at maturity forcing the lemma and
palea open.
Lemmas membranaceous, if firm the grain
neither large nor beake
po E 2. E _many- -nerved, the nerves sometimes
Spikelets "with 1 to 4 mo lemmas below the
Aa rulg florets: nerves obscure: lemmas
Spikelets "with no empty lemmas below the fer-
tile florets: nerves usually prominent:
mas membranaceous (firm in a few
species of Bromus and Festuca).
Lemmas keeled on the back.
Uc strongly compressed, crowded i
sided clusters at the ends of the stiff
Baba d panicle-branches
Spikelets Sot Strongly compressed, not
wded in 1- jeg clusters.
Tenma awned from a minutely bifid
r n B.
mius the summit in
0
tumes „papery lemmas firm, strongly
ved, scari ous- -margined : upper
foret- sterile, often reduced to a
club-shapéd rudiment enfolded by
the broad upper lemmas: spikelets
tawny or purplish.
Glumes not papery: LUBDEE florets not un-
awnless, mostly obtuse.
Nerves of the lemma converging at pes
ummit : lemmas awned
te
Florets minute: spikelets many-
en in small rigid pani-
Florets 4 mm. or more long: spike-
lets few a several flowered,
not in rigid panicles.
Lemmas entire, pd from the
.pointe
Een awned or awn- d
m a minutely bifid a
Tribe XII. HORDEAE
Spikelets solitary at each node of the rachis.
Spikelets placed edgewise to the rachis: glume 1 except
rachi
e achis
Spikelets 3 at each node of the rachis, ul flow erei; the
ateral pair pedicelled, usually reduced to awns.
LM 2 e each node of the rachis, 2- to 6-flowered,
all ali
Glumes usually equalling the florets: spikelets ap-
a or ascending.
Glumes A or reduced to 2 short bristles:
spikelets Muy spreading at maturity:
` spikes very loose
84.
. TRIODIA.
Qo
Oo
90.
95.
on
(ep)
d
98.
TRIPLASIS,
. DIARINA.
. ERAGROSTIS.
. UNIOLA.
DACTYLIS.
BROMUS.
POA.
. MELICA.
. PANICULARIA,
. SCLEROPOA.
. FESTUCA.
. BROMUS.
. LOLIUM
í. AGROPYRON.
HORDEUM.
ELYMUS.
. HYSTRIX.
POACEAE 37
e XIII. BAMBUSEA |
Gregarious woody grasses "o aa branching oe 101. ARUNDINARIA.
1. TRIPSACUM L. Robust perennials, with m cious terminal and
axillary inflorescences, of 1, 2, or 3 spikes, the ue tae , breaking up
into bony seed-like joints, the staminate above on the same achis, deciduous
hole. Staminate spikelets 2-flowered, in pai ontinuous rachis,
one sessile, the other sessile or pedisollato. ’ Pistüllate pao single at each
joint of the thick, hard, articulate lower part of the same rachis, sunken in
hollows in the joints, consisting of one perfect floret and a sterile lemma;
first glume EE nearly enfolding the spikelet, fitting into and closing
the hollow of the rachis: second glume similar to the first but smaller, enfold-
ing the arura of the spikelet: sterile and fertile lemmas and palea hya-
line.—About 7 species in temperate and tropical America.—GAMA-GRASSES.
Leaf-blades 1- : em. wide, flat: plant 1-2 m. tall. 1. T. dactyloides.
Leaf-blades 1-3 mm. w ride, more or less involute: plant less than
T. floridanum.
1. T. dactyloides L. Plant commonly 2-4 m. tall: leaf- blades more or less
auricled at the base: rachis of the pistllats spike 5-6 mm. in diameter
terminal spikes usually 2-3 together, the z A
n
ple s stigmas s showy during anthesis.—Mois
ie riverbanks, pond-margins, and ham-
mocks, | various provinees, ore us E Tex.
LÍ and R. I.— S. A.)—
fall, or I year r S Used ‘for are
Puch abundan
T. floridanum Porter. Smaller than T
Eve
glade Keys, and adj. Eq suh Fla. imt Florida Keys.—All year.
2. HUCHLAENA Schrad. Tall monoecious annuals or perennials, with
broad leaf-blades and i sheaths. Staminate spikelets 2- d i in pairs,
unequally pedicellate, on a simple rachis: racemes several, in a terminal corym-
biform panicle. Pisti A spikelets sin
T,
closed in the a sheaths.— Three species,
natives of Mex.
1. E. mexicana Sehrad. Stem up to 5 m.
tall: leaf-blades elongate- de l m.
long or less, up to 8 em. wide: staminate
racemes mostly 10-15 em g, pike-
UZTI
in trapezoid joints: spikelets abou
long.— (TEOSINTE. )—-Waste Beet: d cult vate grounds, Fla. Nat. of Mex.
38 POACEAE
—Sum.-fall.—Plants rarely id and mature fruits only in S Fla. Grown
for forage and for soil improveme
3. ZEA L. A tall annual grass, with broad, conspicuously dp
blades, monoecious inflorescences, staminate flowers in spike-like racemes, thes
numerous, forming large spreading panicles (tassels) terminating the Pann
Pistillate inflorescence in the axils of the leaves, the spikelets in 8 to 16 or
even as many as 30 rows on a thiekened, almost woody axis eob), the whole
enclosed in numerous large foliaceous bracts (husks), the long styles (silk)
protruding from the tops as a silky mass of threads. Spikelets unisexual;
staminate spikelets 2-flowered, in La on one side of a continuous rachis,
one nearly sessile, the other pedicellate: glumes membranaceous, acute: lemma
and palea hyaline: pistillate ane sessile, in pairs, consisting of one fertile
floret and one sterile floret, the latter sometimes developed as a second fertile
floret: glumes broad, rounded or emarginate at apex: style very long and
1. Z. Mays L. Stem up to . tall, stout,
leafy: leaf. blades ie oer elongate,
fuly 10 em. e, nate
wi or less: st
oe erect, 20-30 em. long, with ene
or drooping branches: pistillate paniele
ultimately n from the leaf-sheaths,
the grains white variously color ed.—
CORN. i OR. Maize. )—Roadsides,
fields, ne waste-places, locally throughout
our rT Nat. of m.—Sum.-
fall — Extensively ie in many vari-
eties in Am from pre ehistoric times.
Corn is one Cof the important economie
plants of the world.
: X L. Diffuse monoecious annuals, with narrow elongate leaf-
blades. Inflorescence compound, each branch bearing a bead-like involucre
enclosing 1 pistillate and 2 sterile spikelets, and a short staminate raceme
on a slender peduncle protruding from an orifice at the summit of the in-
oluere. Grain bags in the hard bead-
like involuere.—Four species, natives of
Asia; the DS now widely distributed
in the tropic
1. C. Lachryma-Jobi L. Stem 0.5-1.5
tall, much-branched: leaf- peg ‘elongate
spik
S-TEARS.
Widely cult. and locally escaped, cult.
grounds and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Da
to Tex. Nat. of E In oa
C. A., S. A.)—Spr. -fall.—Employed mei oaa, while the hard mature in-
volucres are used as beads.
POACEAE 39
5. IMPERATA Cyr. Slender erect perennials with terminal narrow
woolly panicles. Spikelets all alike, awnless, in pairs, unequally pedicellate
on a slender continuous rachis, surrounded by long silky hairs: glumes a
equal, membranaceous: sterile lemma, fertile lemma, and palea thin
hyaline.—Five s ee in eid all tropica \
and subtropical regio
1. I. brasiliensis Trin. Stem 0.5-1 m. tall,
from scaly rootstocks: leaf-blades mostly
basal, 3-8 mm. wide, the stem- grs Dc
the uppermost leaf reduced arl
bladeless sheath: panicle UN d pe
over 10 = oe ee 2 ae BLADY-GRASS
SILVER-P E.)—-Pinelands, prairies, sand-
dunes and. Everglades, 5 Fla.—(W. I.,
Me A., S. A.) — ear.— Conspieuous
on account of te anh narrow silvery
plume-like a ue The plants are
often tufted. | M
6. MISCANTHUS Anderss. Robust perennials with usually flat leaf-
blades and terminal panicles of aggregate slender racemes. Spikelets all per-
fect, in pairs, End pedicellate along a continuous rachis: glumes mem-
branous: lemma hyaline, 2-toothed, with a
slender, somewhat panel a and flexuous
awn.—Six species, natives of Asia.
. M. sinensis Anderss. Stems 1-2 m. pem
leaf-blades 80 em. long or less, 1-1.5 e
ee :
sia.—Spr.—fal do uently es E
cmo] Sometimes with variegated lea
7. SACCHAR Tall enu. with many-jointed stems, flat leaf-
blades, and usually large loose silky terminal panicles. Spikelets in pairs,
one pn the other pedicellate, both per-
eet, wnless, in slender racemes, the rachis
den lating. Glumes Mid membranous,
or indurate at base: lemmas hyaline, the
ertile sometimes wanting. dere UN
most abundant in the tropieal regions of the
Old World
narum L. Stem tall and leafy,
A
e-
cumbent and rooting at e age leaf--.
ades r 1 m. long, 6 ¢
less: panicle pO Jike, mostly 60 em. long
or more, loose.— (SUGAR- CANE.)— Old fields
40 POACEAE
and cult. grounds, n re Gulf States. Bis persisting after cult. Nat.
of trop. Asia.—Spr.-fall.— vated in many varieties as sugar-cane, the main
source of sugar. B el. nsed for forage. Miu its fruit in Fla.
8. ERIANTHUS Michx. Reed- like perennials, with flat leaf-blades and
terminal oblong usually dense silky panicles. Spikelets all alike, in pairs along
a slender axis, 1 sessile, the other pedicellate, the rachis disarticulating below
the poen the rachis-joint and pedicel falling attached to the sessile-spike-
let: mes coriaceous, equal, usually copiously clothed, at least at the base,
with i silky Ven hairs: sterile and fertile p hyaline, the latter
bearing a slender awn: palea small, hyaline.—About 20 species, natives of
nearly all tropical ind temperate regions.— WOOLLY BEARD-GRASSES. PLUME
GRASSES.—Some species are cultivated ior ornament, but the plants are too
coarse for forage
Spikelets with a tuft of hairs at base.
Awn flat, spirally coiled at base, the upper portion moré or less bent and flexuous
or loosely spira
Basal hairs ane as long as the brownish spikelets: poc not conspicuously
. hairy, the ma xis and branches visible: stems us
ally pins below. panicle. 1. E. contortus.
Basal hairs copious, about twice as long as the yellowish
E panicle conspicuously woolly, the hairs hiding
he main axis and branches : zn villous below panicle. 2. E. divaricatus.
usually straight, sometimes fle sone
asal hairs rather sparse, shorter than the nse 3. E. brevibarbis.
Basal a copious, longer n the spikelet 4. E. oe
Spikelets naked, nearly so, at base D. E. st:
E. contortus Ell Stem 1-2 m. tall, glabrous or sometimes sparsely ap-
aad pilose below the panicle, the nodes glabrous or pubescent with erect
deciduous. hairs: panicle 15-30 em. long,
m the branches ascending but not we
closely appressed: spikelets 6-8 mm. long, '/ M
brownish, glabro us on the back, id raehis- 5)
: »" tZ.
about a ZU
[E. Small Nash]—Moist ( EZ
pinelands, thickets, and dry slopes, Coastal W: Ed -
Plain, Fla. to E Tex., Okla., and Md. 7
2. E. divaricatus (L.) A. Hitehe. Stem W a“
th
)
1.5-3 m. tall appressed-villous
gZ-
E
e
ER
below
panicle, "M nodes pub EE ressed-hirsute: —
paniele 20—30 e dre ng, tawny or purplish: . m a= = REM f
spikelets 5-6 m ong, pus sparsely vil- “=f RN
is bd than th eopious basal hairs, -- ——
the s ong. [E. alopecuroides
En J—I mp ode d rocky hills, and or of ce S rig Plain
and Suc more northern provinees, Fla. to E Tex.
3. E. brevibarbis Michx. Stem 1-2 m. tall, a the nodes p or
appressed-hirsute: panicle 20-30 ¢ em, ong: rown or purplish, the branches
ascending, not conspicuously woolly: spikelets 6-7 mm. long, brown.—Moist
soil, low thickets and about ponds Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Del
4, E. saccharoides Michx. Stem 1-3 m. tall, appressed-villous below the
panicle, the nodes hispid with appressed-deciduous hairs: panicle oblong or
ovoid, tawny or purplish, 10-40 cm. long, rather compact (E. ie or
somewhat open: spikelets 5-7 mm. long, sparsely long-villous on the upper
part. [E. lazus Nash E. compactus Nash E. Tracyi Nash]—Moist soil,
POACEAE | 41
swamps, wet hammocks, and marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex. and
N. J 1 I.)
5. E. strictus Baldw. Stem 1-2 m. tall, dps the nodes hirsute with stiff
erect vee hairs: panicle 20—40 cm. long, oe = branches closely ap-
abo abou
pressed: spikelets ut 8 mm. long, scabrous, the a raight, about 1.5 em. .
long.—Moist soil, marshes, low. thickets and bads of a. Coastal Plain and
rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., S Mo., Tenn., and S. C.
MANISURIS L. Slender rather tall perennials or annuals with nip.
numerous smooth cylindrie or flattened spikes or racemes, single on the s and
branches. Spikelets awnless in pairs at the nodes of a thickened eru te
rachis, one sessile and "ni the other pedicellate and sterile, the pedicel thick-
ened and appressed to the rachis, the sessile spikelet fitting closely ires the
rachis, forming a cylindric or subcylindric raceme: glumes obtuse, the first
coriaceous, fitting over the hollow containing the spikelet, the second less
coriaceous than the first; sterile and fertile lemmas ie palea hyaline: pedicel-
late spikelet reduced, often rudimentary. [Rdttboellia L. f.]|—About 20 species,
natives of the warm temperate and tropical regions of both hemispheres. Of
little economic importance. | "E
pn perennial.
E eu not compressed-keeled: first glume more or less
1. M. campestris
Le e sheath compressed-keeled: first glume tessellated or
wrinkled, rarely smooth.
First glume tessellated, the depressions rectangular. 2. M.tessellata.
First glume wrinkled, tubercled, or smooth.
Glume bearing prominent transverse wrinkles. 3. M. rug
Glume bearing a few low tubercles or smooth. 4. M. tuberculosa,
Plant annual. 5. M. ex
1. campestris (Nutt.) A. Hitche. Stem 0.3-1 tall, ad. rather slender,
. producing short rootstocks: leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide: raceme 5—15 em. long,
u
pestris Nutt R. cylindrica Chapm. M. cylin- i
drica Kuntze]—Pinelands and Lr es,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex. S Mo.,
S. C.
2. m tessellata (Steud.) Scribn. Stem
0.8—1.2 m. tall, rather ae Bi 5-12
. lo Rs deis about .long. [R.
corrugata Chapm. ]—Moist a. Coastal
Plain, Fla. to EZ and Ala.
- M. ipis (Nutt. Kuntze. Stem 0.7—1.2
tall: raceme 5-8 cm. long: first o
win h prominent unc e ridges. [M.C
ash k. rugosa Nutt.]—Wet edo
ed Plain, Fla. to E Tex. and S N. J.
4. M. tuberculosa Nash. Similar to M. rugosa; but the first glume with a few
short ridges or low tubercles, these sometimes obscure or wanting, the glume
then smooth and shining. —Lake shores and about ponds, pen. Fla.
. M. exaltata (L. f.) Kun Stem stout, ps m. tall or En pipe
leaf-sheaths hispid; leaf- blades glongate l- 2. o em. wide: mes numerous, `
more or less included at base, dwindling at the summit HAT Dons abortive
ye ~ di glume of sessile spikelet smooth.—Moist soil, S Fia. Nat.
f S Asia. (W. I.)
42 POACEAE
10. RYTILIX Raf. Much branched erect annuals with flat leaf-blades,
h ous racemes single and more or less enclosed in the sheathing
braet, ee somewhat clustered in the axils of the leaves. Spikelets awnless, in
pairs, the rachis-joint and pedicel grown
together, the two clasped between the edges
of tl o
spicuous, staminate. [ ochloa Kuntze]
—Consists of the folowing species only:
1. R. granularis (L.) Skeels. Stem
much as 1 m. tall: leaf-sheaths papillose
hispid: raceme 1-2 em. long. [Manisuris
granularis Sw. Hackelochioa udin:
Kuntze]—Pinelands, prair and waste
grounds, v wes provinees, Fila. 75 Ga. to
Ariz. Nat. I.— (W , C. A.
S. A., O. W. E weed in PA pnm
11. BLYONURUS Humb. & a Ereet moderately tall perennials with
solitary spike-like racemes. Spikelets awnless, in pairs along a somewhat tardily
disarticulating rachis, the joints and pedicels thickened and parallel, the sessile
spikelets appressed to the concave side, the pedicellate spikelet staminate, simi-
lar to the sessile one, the pairs falling with a joint of the rachis: first glume
firm, somewhat coriaceous, with a line of bal-
sam glands on the marginal nerves, the apex
acute or acuminate, bifid: second glume simi-
first: sterile and fertile lemmas
hyaline: palea obsolete.—About 15 species,
circumtropical—Important grazing grasses
in tropical America.
1. E. tripsacoides Humb. & Bo npl Stem
0.6-1.2 m. tall: leaf-blades flat or involute,
2—4 mm. wide, eee Dos on the upper
surface below e 7—12 em. long: sessile
Spikelet 6-8 mm. e mocks, pine-
ands, prairies, and open grassy slopes,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—(Mez., °C. A., S. A.)
12. ANDROPOGON [Royen]L. Mostly slender perennials (in our range),
with solid sometimes tufted e the spikelets arranged in racemes, these
single, in pairs, or in 3's or the common pedunele per enclosed by a
spathe-like sheath, these sheaths p numerous, forming a compound inflores-
cence, usually narrow, but sometimes in dense subcorymbose masses. Spikelets
in pairs at each node of an artieulate rachis, one sessile and perfect, the other
pedicellate and staminate, neuter or reduced to the pedicel, the rachis and
pedicels of sterile spikelet often villous, sometimes conspicuously so: glumes of
fertile spikelet coriaceous, narrow, the first rounded, flat, or concave on the
ck, several-nerved, the median nerve weak or wanting: sterile lemma hyaline:
fertile lemma hyaline, narrow, entire or bifid, usually bearing a bent and twisted
POACEAE 43
awn: palea Ayala, small or wanting: pedicellate spikelet sometimes staminate
and about as large as the sessile eae sometimes reduced or wanting, only
the pedicel present. [Schizachyrium Nees]—About 150 species widely dis-
1 SE
forage grasses.
Racemes single, from bract-like sheaths. — (Schieachyr ium.) I. SCOPARII.
Racemes more than one n the spathe or several in a panicle on a
naked peduncle.— (Andr II. FuRCATI.
I. SCOPARII
Leaf-blade A or folded, not tere
First glume of sessile spicier ET abro
In ra nodes of rachis glabrous or ciliate at base Va near apex only.
Sessile Spikelet 4 Tur long: leaf-blades scarcely
1m e. 1. A. tener.
S essile spikelet about 6 mm. long: leaf-blades
‘mostly 2-4 mm. wide.
Internodes of rachis and sterile pedicel villous from
ase to apex
Rootstock pre
2. A. semiberbis.
Sessile SIRO about 1 cm. long.
Glume of pedicellate 'spikelet 1- EAS 3. A. maritimus.
Glume of Poan spikelet 3-awned. 4. A. littoralis.
ie e spikelet Em . long. 5. A. stolonifer
Rootstock w 6. A. scoparius
First sos to TOE spikelet v illous. 7. A. hirtiflo
Leaf-blade slender, terete, the upper surface a mere groove. 8. A. gracili
II. FURCATI
~ Pedicellate spikelet staminate, similar to the cous spikelet. 9. A. provincialis.
Pedicellate spikelet reduced to 1 or 2 glume
Racemes in pairs, the spathes aggregate in a flabellate
i ce. 10. A. glomeratus.
Pls in each SUE about 5 m long. 11. A. longiberbis.
Peduncles in each spathe about 2 em. lon ng. lla. A. Tracyi.
Silky hairs of the spike s Dd sparse not
concealing the rachis and sterile pedicels.
Plant green, more or less pilose od the leaf-
sheaths or blades 2. A. virginicus.
Plant glabrous, ofen glaucous.
igule truncate, concealed within the
folded blade. 13. A. capillipes.
Ligule acutish, protruding from the folded
e 4. A. perangustatus.
Peduncle of the 2-4 racemes more than 1 cm. long,
er. 15. A. brachystachys.
Hs ma more than 15 mm. long.
Sheaths, n the upper, long and
flated, r less aggregate: rachis IS
SI Batu. nud "fex xuous, the internodes 2-3
mm. long.
Nae not conspicuously inflated (or occa-
onally so in A. campyloracheus).
Rachis conspicuously ERE rand flexuous,
the internodes 7-10 m n ong 17. A. campyloracheus,
Rachis not conspi ieugusly: s sends racemes l
densely silky.
Racemes in 4's : plant stout, thg sheaths
usually wo olly. 8. A. Mohrii.
Racemes in pair
First glume “of sessile spikelet 2-
nerved between the keels: hairs
16. A. Elliottii,
44 POACEAE
on rachis and E pedicels not
Ene spikele 19. A. Cabanisii.
First glume of Sas spikelet
nerve ae ess between the keels.
Awn twisted into a column at
base )
Stamen 1: spikelets 4-5 mm.
long, with mo hairs
about as long, con-
cealing the US. awn
rather short. 20. A. arctatus.
Stamens 3: spikelets 5-7
r
longer, concealing the
spikelets : awn 15-20 mm.
; 21. A. ternarius.
Awn not twisted into a column
at base: plant stout, much-
branched: spikelets 3 mm
long. 22. A. floridanus.
A. tener (Nees) Kunth. Stem slender, 0.6-1 m . tall, sometimes reclining
deoram leaf- blades seareely 1 mm. wide: racemes long- -exserted, slender,
: first glu 4
awn
mm. lon [S. tenerum , Nees —Drv pine-
m woods, an nd prairies, Coastal Plain,
a. and Tex.— (IF. I., Mex., A.,
2. A. dete dr pls p Stem
glabrous, ereet, ae d eaf- pesa
RE 2—4 vide acemes
i pm mt the joi m:
m. tiapid at ee bs erect hairs: sessile
spikelet about 6 long, acuminate, the
awn a -15 mm.
7 =a _ Tong sterile pedicel ciliate
on belo he middle
[ S. ie eee pen. Fla.— (I. I., S. A.)
. A. maritimus Chapm. Stem decumbent at pene often p 0.4—0.6 m
lon ng: leaf-she nd compressed and keeled: racemes 3-0 e ong, the rachis
ered r Ears bee mg flexuous, the hairs about 5 um ee sessile spikelet
8 ong, KR ous, the awn about 1 cm. long: sterile spikelet staminate,
e. as pes as ae fertile. [S. maritimum Nash ]- Coastal sands, W Fla.
and Mis
4. A. littoralis Nash. Resembling A. maritimus: sterile. o a single
glum t 5 mm. long, the 3 nerves b utum. into eusps or awns, the central
distinet, the lateral usually minute, etimes wanting. rs. littorale Bickn.
S. triaristatum Nash ]—Sand-dunes ana poe Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.,
. Y., and N. J.
A. stolonifer d A. wong Stem 0.6—1 m. tall, often glaucous: hae
sheaths glabrous: racemes 3—4 em. long, the rachis slender and flexuous, the
s t 3 mm. long: aisle spikelet eripi 3 mm. long. [S. s Bose ium
ash]—Pinelands, prairies, hammocks, and rublands, Coastal Plain, Fla.,
—Differs from A. scoparius in hae rootstocks. Forms rarely have
Ga.
pA leaf- sheaths.
6. A. scoparius Michx. Stem 0.5-1.5 m. tall, n KA leaf-sheaths
glabrous or sometimes villous: racemes 3-6 cm. long, rachis slender an
uous: sessile spikelet 6—7 mm. long, A, A a 8-15 mm. long.
d S Nash S. villosissimum Nash S. acuminatum Nash]— (LITTLE
STEM. BROOM-SEDGE.)—Pinelands, prairies, open woods, hillsides, and dry
fields, various provinces, Fla. to Ariz., Alb., and N. B.
POACEAE | 45
7. A. ru had un Kunth. Stem 0.6—1.2 m. tall, often glaucous: leaf-
bla va es 2 mooth: racemes 6-10 em. long, the base included in the
som 2 fated. upper z sheath, the denn straight, the joints tapering below
Se ide: abou . long, the awn geniculate and twisted, about 1 e
long: dw dps cd peru to a Mas 2—4 mm. long, the Ped thick,
villous. [.A. ae Chapm. A. feensis gar S. i M Nash]—
Pinelands, rc provinces, Fla., Ga., and Ariz. (W. I., Mex., S. A.)
8. A. ie emi Spreng. Stem slender, tufted, glabrous, 0.2-0.6 m. tall: racemes
2—4 cm. long, silvery ae ae cee the rachis slender, very villous:
sessile “pike et abe ut 5 mm. long, n ge ae te and twist ed, 1-2 em.
long: pedicellate spikelet re io to an awned or awnless glume, the pedieel
very villous. [S. gracile Nash]—Rocky e S la. —(W. I.)
9. A. provincialis Lam. Glabrous or more or less villous and often glauc-
ous: stem 1-2 m. l: racemes 2—4, rarely more, on each peduncle, long-ex-
serted, 5—10 cm. long, the bsp terminal and axillary: rachis straight, the
joints E at base and along o r both m x rn sessile spikelet 7-10 mm.
long, t sane a slightly JE scabrous, the awn geniculate and tightly
ed belor 1-2 em. E Wa pedieel s sparingly ab du is hairs
whitish. LA. T urcatus Muhl. A. tennesseensis Scribn.]— (BLUE-STEM.)—Dry
soil, open w zu i de and old fields, various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Ariz., and Me.
10. A. glomeratus (Walt.) B. S. P. Glabrous 2 often n the leaf-
sheaths sometimes villous: stem 0.5—1.5 m. tall: racemes 1—3 em. long, as long as
or a little eiii than the somewhat c ene and protruding from its
side, the n peduncle within the spathe, and the stem just below the
spathe villous, d the rachis slender s flexuous, ions alone. Meus Spikelet 3—4
. long, the awn straight, 1-1. . long:.sterile spikelet reduced to a subu-
late Eee or d the pedicel Pee long- -villous. [4. macrourus “Michx.
A. corymbosus Nash A. tenuispatheus Na sh]—Low moist grounds, swamps,
see and wet Pinelands, C vier Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla.
to Tex. and Mass.—(W. I , C. A.)
11. A. longiberbis Hack. Ea slender, 0.5-1 m. a racemes in, pairs, 2—3
em. long, the dx athe 3-5 em. long, enclosing the base of the ra o sessile
To about 3 mm. ions the awn slender and gale) 10-15 mm. long.
SPON pen. Fla.—A. Tracyi Nash, differs from A. lon giberbis in
s ince peduncles oe " em) of the racemes in each spathe: leaf. sheaths
glabrous.—Pinewoods, Fla.
12. A. virginicus L. Stem virgate, 0.5-1 m. tall: lower sheaths compressed,
equitant: ligule E e A ugs di iud along the upper half or
two-thirds of the plan —4 from each spathe, 2-3 em. long, the
t ab
em. long. [4. te etrastachys Ell. A. vaginatus Ell. macrourus vir
Chapm.]— ( BROOM- SEDGE. ry grounds, pinelands, open woods, old fields,
and beach sands, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Mass.; also in S
Calif.—(W. I., Mex.)
13. A. capillipes Nash. Differs from A. vi irgini icus in i ing EUN, a
glaucous, especially the ind piede innov aes s, in having
flexuous peduncles and often a more compact inflore ce: ligule eren or
Mid ciliate. ‘4 es Nash]. Moist piselands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Miss. and N. C
14. A. d Rie Nash. Plant green or slightly uA stem slender,
0.3—0.6 m. tall: sheaths not equitant: leaf-blades very narrow, the blades of
the uo Mens folded, almost filiform, the ligule 1-1. 5 mm . long, firm
46 POACEAE
glabrous. [A. virginicus stenophyllus Hack.]—Wet pinelands, Fla.—The le af
blades of the innovations are often solid, the upper surface being obliterated.
15. A. brachystachys Chapm. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: spathes in ong in-
igi not usu pap inflated, the Ra ON of the spathes sender, often
ex acemes in pairs, u usually about 1 cm. long, Put pas n peduncle
sone s pore from the spathe: sessile Berne abou t long, the
awn less than 1 em. long, sometimes wanting.—Moist de la.
16. A. Hlliottii Chapm. Stem e i : a m. tall: jn ae ao or ne villous,
the upper inflated and aggregat es in pairs, 3-4 ¢ ong, S of the
pedicels exserted from the “appressed cade e and irum the ped Hope more
or less ineluded i 2 inflated u upper pec sessile D t 4-5 mm. long,
the iie 10-15 m ong, ME e and twisted.—Pinelands, prairies, rocky
hills, open dry grounds and old o. Coastal "Plain End occasiona ally adj. prov-
inces, Fla. to E Tex., S Mo., and Pa.—(Mez.) —The inflat ae de Dn s
are conspicuous in winter.—A. gracilior (Hack. Nash i ender form wi
sometimes scarcely inflated upper sheaths. [A. in uu Nash] Fla. to Miss.
17. A. campyloracheus Nash. Stem 0.4-0.8 m racemes mostly in pairs,
sometimes in 3’s or 4’s, 5-10 cm. long, the terminal Ln nele dong. -exserted:
rachis slender and very flexuous, the internodes mu onger than the sessile
spikelet, this 3—4 mm. long, the awn as much as 2 c em. o S pinelands,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La a.
18. A. Mohrii Hack. Stem stout, 0.8-1. : m. tall: xdi e especially at
summit of sheath: racemes in 4's, 2—4 em. long, protruding from the side of
inflated spathes and about as long as Hoo rachis Pi d flexuous: P
spikelet 4—5 mm. long, longer than the internodes of the rachis, the awn 1.5—2
em. long.—Wet pinelands and beach sands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to La. and N C.
19. A. Cabanisii Hack. Stem stout, 0.6-1 m. tall: racemes 4—7 cm. long,
pP a ae scattered along the upper = of the bn d dad
let 6—7 . long, the first glume firm, broadly lanceolate, the awn abou
long. —Dry E rM pen. Fla.
20. A. arctatus Chapm. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: racemes 3-5 em. long, tawny:
sessile spikelet 4—5 mm. long, the awn 1-1.5 em. long.—Low pinelands, Fla.
21. A. ternarius Michx. Stem 0.8-1.2 m. tall: racemes 3—5 em. long, silvery
y. Bene: stout. [A. en Sch ult. A. mississippiensis Seribn. & Ball
A. Scribnerianus Nash ]— andy soil, often in pinelands or open woods,
UR Plain and i Bloc aides Fla. to E Tex., Okla., and Del.
22. A. floridanus Seribn. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: dens en em. long, slender,
the cun long-exserted on capillary peduncle in a large loose
inflorescence. |A. Bakeri Seribn. & Ball]— Mr s PN pod Fla.
hraxon ciliaris cryptatheris Hack. A weak-stemmed, laxly branching
annual, with ascending flowering branches, n ring thin cordate-lanceolate
e S , occurs in ~
and old fields, various provinces from Fla. to Ark. and Penn. Nat. of Asi
13. HOLCUS L. Tall or moderately tall o or dde with flat
leaf-blades and terminal panicles. Spikelets in pairs, the pedicellate spikelet
well-developed, usually staminate: racemes reduced » pe joints, these dis-
articulating tardily, the racemes in a large open or contracted panicle.—About
10 species widely distributed in tropical and warm temperate regions.
Plants p with stout creeping rootstocks. 1. H. halepensis.
Plants an 2. H. Sorghum.
POACEAE 4T
H. halepensis L. pape 0.5—1.5 m. tall, arising from a stout creeping dde
stock: panicle oblong or pyramidal, ud cm. long, the branches sometime
finally drooping: sessile spikelet 4.5—5.5
me plump, more or n "un "the YA) A LU
n, if present, 1— E 5 ¢ ong, deciduous. We Woe
halepens A Andropogon
halepensis Brot 1 Jon -GRA
NSON-GRASS. EVER-
GREEN-MILLET. EGYPTIAN-MILLET. )—Fields
and waste-places, various en Fla. to
Tex., Calif., Kans., and Mas Nat. 2
Afr.—(W. L., Mex., C. A., 8. rss —Som
times a trou blesome weed. This and the
ee ied sometimes produee hydro-
cyanic acid in sufficient abundance re poison
dir nue
2. H. Sorghum L. Annual with stouter
stems and broader leaf-blades. The culti-
vated sorghum or sorgo sometimes persists in fields and waste- -places, locally
throughout our range. Nat. of E. L—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—This grass
has been cultivated from pd times in many varieties: = jid be <
rage— ,M LU, KAOLIANG, DURRA, BROOM-CORN, EGY |
sae CHICKEN-CORN, J ee one Foreeama—and ‘for its a juice “which
made into sirup.
kh
o
£5
go
3 N
>
raj
Lam.
E
E
e
on
14. SORGHASTRUM Nash. Erect rather tall perennials, with narrow flat
leaf-blades and narrow terminal panicles. Spikelets in pairs, one d terete,
sessile and fertile, the other wanting, only the ek pedicel pre : glumes
coriaceous, brown or yellowish, hirsute: sterile and fertile lemmas as the
latter bearing a well-developed bent and twisted awn: racemes reduced to 1 to
" few joints.—About 12 species, natives of tropieal and temperate regions.—
INDIAN-GRASSES. INDIAN-REEDS
Awn usually 15 mm. or less long, once bent: spikelets yellowish: panicle rather
ense. 1. S. nutans.
Awn 20 to 30 mm. long, twice bent, twisted below the second bend.
Spikelets d brown, the D eee villous only
at the very tip: pa anicle loose, not u eral. 2. S. Elliottii.
Spikelets "vellovish- -brown, the upper peii of the ultimate
branchlets with oe ascending hairs: panicles rather dense, .
distinctly unilater 3. S. secundum.
S. nutans (L.) Nash. Stem 1-2.5 m. tall:
Pene oe yellowish or bronze, 20-50 em.
lon , rather compact, the branchlets not flex-
e Ln 1 -
: ceum
Chapm. S. nutans A. Gray ]— (Woop-GRASS.)
—Dry soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex
Ariz., N. D., and Me.—(Menz.)
2. S. Elliottii eru Nash. Stem 1-1.5
m. tall: panicle 15-30 em. long, loose, the
agn flexuous or drooping: spikelets
[S. Linnaeanum Nash]—
soil, woods, slopes, and bluffs, Coastal Plain
and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to E
Tenn., and Md.
48 POACEAE
3. S. jim (Ell) Nash. Stem 1-2 m. tall: panicle 20—40 cm. long: spike-
lets 6-8 m ong. ouem secundum Chapm.]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex., ed S. C |
15. RHAPHIS Lour. Our species annual, with open panicles, the three
spikelets (reduced racemes) borne at the ends of long slender naked branches.
Spikelets in 3’s, one sessile and perfect, the
other two pedicellate neo or sometimes
a pair below, one fertile and one sterile: fer-
tile spikelets terete, glumes coriaceous:
sterile and fertile lemmas hyaline, the latter
long-awned.—Twenty species, widely distrib-
uted in tropical regions.
1. R. pauciflora (Chapm.) Nash. Stem 0.5-
1 m. tall: panicle eel open, the branches
2-5 em. long: spikelets about 8 mm. long, the
peduncle disjointing obliquely leaving : a oe
sy
e:
below. [Sorghum pauciflorum
Pinelands d old fields, pen. Fla.—( Cuba. i)
16. HETEROPOGON Pers. Annuals or perennials, often robust with flat
leaf-blades and solitary terminal r es: raehis slender, the lower part, bearing
the pairs of med spikelets, continuous, the remainder disarticulating ob-
liquely at the base of each joint, the joint forming a on arp-barbed callus below
the fertile o - pedicellate dcm readily falling, its pedicel remaining,
obseured i e hairs of the callus. Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other
Ae ed of dus lower pos to several pairs staminate or neuter, the re-
mainder of the sessile spikelets perfect, terete, long-awned, the pedicellate spike-
lets, like the lower, staminate, flat, conspicuous: glumes of the fertile are
equal, coriaceous, the first brown- d infolding the second: lemmas hyaline
the fertile one bearing a strong bent and twisted brown awn: palea wan d.
glumes of the staminate spikelet ie
hide. the first green, faintly many-nerved,
nsymmetrieal, one submarginal keel rather
broadly winged, the other e the mar-
gins inflexed, the second glume narrower,
symmetrical.—Six species, most ins in
the Old World. Our species is annual.
1. H. eed iod a bs l-
2 m. tall, bra 3-6 cm. long:
sessile spikelet z i Hest the wn 10-15
em. long: pedicellate spikele 1. 5-2 cm. long,
acuminate, the first glume with a row of oil
glands. [H. acuminatus "ri n.]—Fields and
open grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. , Ala., and Ga. ; also in Ariz.—(Mez., C. A., S. A.)
17. NAZIA Adans. Low annuals with flat leaf-blades and terminal spikes,
the bur-like clusters of spikelets rather closely arranged along a slender axis.
POACEAE 49
Spikelets in groups of 2—5, the groups falling entire, the spikelets sessile on a
short zigzag axis, the upper 1-3 reduced and sterile, the lower perfect, 1-flowered:
first glume small and thin, or wanting:
second glume of the two lower spikelets
Three species, natives of the tropics, and
more widely naturalized.
N. racemosa (L.) Kuntze. Stem usually
branching at the base and decumbent, 30
em. long or ie leaf- ‘blades ciliate, mostly
less than 5 em. long: spike 8 em. lo r
less: spikelets n o mm. long, the acuminate
aces, especially ballast, coast region of
, and at more northern seaports; p in Tex. and Ariz. Nat. of Eu.
18. ANTHAENANTIA Beauv. Erect perennials, with short creeping
rootstocks, narrow, firm flat leaf-blades, the uppermost much reduced, and nar-
= Tow panicles, the slender branches ascending or appressed. Spikelets obovoid,
villous: first glume wanting: second glume and sterile lemma subequal, broad,
fertile lemma cartilaginous, boat-shaped, 3-nerved, subacute, chestnut-brown, as
long as the none the pale margins very narrow.—Two species, natives of the
S United States
Een Drones erect, or spreading at the apex, linear, folded at base: pane rd
purple r
Leaf-blades R or spreading (on the average shorter and broader
an in si rh tapering to the apex, rounded at base: panicle
usually pal 2. A. villosa.
. A. rufa (Ell) Ee Stem d
mid 0.6-1.2 r
crowded, keeled, often art deaf blades
apa tly 20-50 em. long, 2-4 wide:
panicle 8-15 cm.. lon ng, 1.5- 3 wide,
brownish at maturity, the e erect
rol ee panne ape spike-
let ous pubescence
in pee ; do own middle of the inter-
nerves,— Moist pu Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex. and N. C.
2. - Manes sa (Michx.) Beauv. Differs fro
A. rufa in the short lower ids. “shorter,
wider leaf- blades and paler, open
aee ——Dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
o E Tex. and N. C.
19. VALOTA Adans. Perennials from knotty pubescent crowns, the
slender racemes erect or nearly so, aggregated along the upper part of the main
-
-
^
CA
T m.
*
b»
KK
=~
ies
NN
SQ
N
5
T T o
AT:
+ -4
MT
——
e ins
REN
4
50 POACEAE
axis, forming a white or tawny silky panicle. Spikelets lanceolate, in pairs,
dor -pedicelled in 2 rows along one side of a narrow rachis: first glume minute,
glabrous: second glume and sterile lemma
about as long as the fruit, 3—5-nerved, co-
piously silky: fertile lemma cartilaginous, MA
lanceolate, acuminate, brown, the flat white
hyaline margins broad.—About 12 species, in
temperate and tropical America.
1. V. insularis (L.) Chase. Stem 1-1.5 m.
tall, rather stout: leaf-blades as much a s 30
em. long and 1.5 em. wide: panicle 15-30
—(&iLKY-GRASS.)—Moist soil and waste-
plaees, Coastal TN Fla. and S Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
20. SYNTHERISMA Walt. Erect or prostrate annuals or perennials, the
slender racemes digitate or aggregate on a short axis. Spikelets in 2’s or 3’s,
subsessile or short-pedicelled, alternate in 2 rows on one side of a 3-angled rachis,
lanceolate or elliptic: first glume minute or wa nting: second glume equalling
the sterile lemma or shorter: fertile lemma cartilaginous, the hyaline margins
pale. [Digitaria Haller ]—About 60 species, in tropical and temperate regions.
——FINGER-GRASSES. CRAB-GRASSES.—Some species are pernicious weeds.
Rachis of AA winged, or flat-margined : ereeping annuals. I. SANGUINALIA.
Rachis of raceme wingless, triangular: plants not creeping, an-
nual or oraa II. FILIFORMIA.
I. SANGUINALIA
Rachis bearing scattered aa fine hairs uc. rarely wanting): spikelets narrow,
cuminate, nearly glabro 1. S. digitatum.
irs.
Leaf-sheaths glabrous: fertile lemma brown.
S yd
pi elets 2 T 2. S. Ischaemum.
Spikelets 1.7 ng. 3. S. floridanum.
Leaf-sheaths hispid | villous: fertile lemma
Spikelets 1.5 mm. long: pedicels terete, glabro 4. S. serotinum.
Mops 2.5-3.0 mm on ee pedicels angled, oa ae
Second gare much smaller than the spikelets: eo
glume nt. 5. S. sanguinale.
Second ‘gume equalling the spikelets ; first glume ob-
6. S. Simpsoni.
i II. FILIFORMIA l
Fertile lemma pale or gray: plant perennial. T. S. pauciflorum.
Fertile lemma dark-brown : plant erect or at least not rooting at
P base, annual or sometim ud apparently perennial.
Second glume and sterile lemma eee 8. S. gracillimum.
Second gl ma a e ouneacent:
Spikelets about 1.5 mm. long
eaf-blades folded o or involits, flexuous. 9. S. paniceum.
Leaf- blades flat. 10. S. filiforme.
Spikelets 2-3 mm. long. 11. S. villosum.
1. S. digitatum (Sw.) A. Hitche. 1 n and iu m the
aspect of S. sanguinale: stem as much as 60 em. long or rarely 1 : leaf-
d papillose -hirsute: racemes A mostly 9—10, El e
ing, 5-10 cm. long: spikelets about 2 mm. long: first glume minute; second
POACEAE 51
glume half as long as the spikelet, both
a
C. A
2. S. Ischaemum (Schreb.) Nash. Plant
decumbent and spreading or at first erect:
stem En less than 50 em. tall: leaf-
: Panicu abru
Gaud.]|—Waste-places, various KM DECR S. C. to Ark., S. D., and Me.; oc-
casional westward. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)
3. S. floridanum A. pene Differs from S. Ischaemum in e smaller spike-
ra (1. 7 mm. long, 0.6 wide) and the less pubescent second glume and
sterile lemma, the hairs nob being Sandi dr — Sandy puni error Co.,
Fla.
flowering pinu usually not more than 30 e ll: leaves erowded s e “creep:
ing stems, the sheaths villous, the blade 1-2 em i
usually 3—5, slender, often areuate, usually 3-6 cm. long: puo ule
erowded: first glume wanting: second glume about one- i as long as the
sterile lemma, both pubescent. [Panicum serotinum Mic A [Ss ERSUnrG and
waste- im. Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I.)
s. sanguinale (L.) Dulae. dem nt ~ ee often purplish:
stem rooting at the lower nodes, h as 1m : leaf-shea Bes papillose-
pilose: racemes several to many, 3-15 c m. long, Ted at the summit of the
or m
alf g
Pu arid or the sterile lemma glabrous. [Panicum sanguinale L. S. fimbriatum
S. marginatum Nash barbatum pir wis B-GRASS. rd ields, pas-
iu and waste-places, throughout E U. S.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., , O. W.)
6. S. ipie Casey) Nash. Stem creeping and rooting at the lower nodes,
as much as e leaf- bed a -pilose, those of the innova-
tions ee od and K rac ending, pale, 8-12 em. long:
Spikelets aont 3 mm. n cond. zin d sterile lemma. finely nerved, as
lo ong as the fertile lemma. E fields, : Fla — (Cu ba.)
7. S. pauciflorum A. Hitche. Plant perennial: stem erect or somewhat decu
bent at base, 0.5-1 m. tall, very slender: leaf-sheaths and blades BRI
villous: racemes 2-3, ascendi ing or erect, 5-11 em. M the filiform rachis
naked for aa em. at base: spikelets rather distant, elliptic, about 3.2 mm.
long, glabrous : first glume minute, with a hyaline erose margin: second glume
and sterile inate a finely nerved, as long as the grayish fertile lemma.—Pine-
lands, S Fla.
8. S. gracillimum (S cheers Nash. Stem 0.5-1 m. tall: leaf- Hn als pw
pil Re "blades long and narrow, 1-2 mm. wide, often involute: s 2—sev-
eral, slender, ascending or PD 10—30 em. long: spikelets bur 2n mm. long,
52 POACEAE
often in 3’s, the longer pediei cels as much as 5 mm. long: first glume d
second glume half to thr E a as long as the sterile lemma. [S. Bakeri
Nash] Modi pinelands, F
9. S. paniceum (Sw.) Nash. Stems commonly in dense tufts, O. 3-1 m. tall:
leaf-shea the "at eed puerta nt or glabrous: blades about L mm. wide,
im der, often folded or cd the older ones usually flexuous: racemes
ostly 1-3, erect, 5—20 ecm., ommo nly 10-15 em. long.—Moist soil, pinelands
"i open PUE S Fla. — (WF. I.)
10. 8S. Mn (L.) Nash. Stems usually in small tufts, m as much as
: leaf-sheaths ee blades ees than 10 cm. long: racemes
1-5, xen or ascending, usually not over long: spikelets apr n erowded:
ing: second gl e steri
=
D.
e
a
lemma what acuminate. D filiforme L.]—Sandy fields and open
Seide Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Mass.
Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., Mex.)
h
1 5 ei and apparently le the leaf-blades longer the racemes more
ae nger
Kh
o
H
B
et
E
Hh
©
4
Hi
J
ie)
i
ag Ë
©
un
e
B
au
ed
"3
T
(2-3 mm. a Nas si
lets —Sandy y fiel Ms al porto Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex., Okla., Il., and
S Va.—(W. I., Mez.)
21. LEPTOLOMA Chase. Branching perennials with brittle culms, felty
pubescent at base, flat blades and open or diffuse panicles, these breaking
way at maturity, becoming tumble-weeds. Spikelets lanceolate, on slender
pedicels: first glume minute or obsolete: second glume 3 -nerved, nearly as long
as the 5-7-nerved sterile lemma, a e of appressed silky hairs down the
fertile
rg
B
— Four Spem Australian, exeept the
ibe ae.
d L. cognatum (Sehutt) Chase. Stem de-
mbent at base, 20—50 em. long: leaf-
blades mostly pem ‘than x em. long: panicle
bee ide:
V ndis ehult. P. autumnale Grad J
(WITCH- RASS.)—Sandy RED grounds,
rious RU Fla. to Tex., Ariz. oon UT. Vt.— (Mez.)
29. ERIOCHLOA H. B. K. Annuals or perennials with terminal panicles
consisting of several to many spreading or P eis racemes, usually rather
elosely arranged along the main axis. Spikelets more or less pubescent, soli-
tary or sometimes in pairs, short-pedieelled or subsessile in 2 rows on one side
of a narrow, usually hairy rachis, the pedicels often clothed with long stiff
hairs, the back of the fertile lemma turned from the rachis: lower rachilla-
joint thickened, forming a more or less ring-like callus below the second glume,
the first glume reduced to a minute sheath adnate to it: second glume and
POACEAE 53
sterile lemma about equal, acute or acuminate, the lemma usually enclosing a
hyaline palea or sometimes staminate or
flower: fertile lemma indurate, minutely
papillose-rug mucronate or awned, the
margins aie inrolled.—Fifteen species,
in the warmer regions, but mostly Ameri-
2
1. E. Michauxii (Roem. & Schult.) A.
about 5 mm. long. [E. mollis Michx. E. uC Vasey E. mollis longifolia
Chapm. |—Wet soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. and S
23. BRACHIARIA (Trin.) Griseb. Annuals or perennials, with terminal
inflorescence of several racemes along a common axis: T dorsally com-
pressed, solitary, rarely in pairs, subsessile, in two rows one side
3-angled, sometimes narrowly winged rachis, the first glume -ee toward the
axis; first glume short or nearly as long as the spikelets: second glume and
sterile lemma about equal, 5- to 7-nerved, the lemma enclosing a hyaline palea
and sometimes a staminate flower: fertile lemma indurate, usually papillose-
rugose, the margins inrolled, the apex rarely mucronate or bearing a short awn.
—Fifteen species, in the warmer regions of both hemispheres.
Anastomosing veins of spikelet prominent. . B. extensa.
Anastomosing veins of spikelet obscure or wanting. 2. B. plantaginea.
1. B. extensa Chase. Plant annual, nearly E. throughout: stem branch-
ing, decumbent and rooting at base, 40— p m. long: pag blades flat, mostly
not over 10 em. long, 2m e ,
2—5, spreading, 3—7 ong, distant on ue
the turgid fruit. [B. e ap em
Moist fi 2 Coastal Plain, Fla.
D ae )
2. B. irae a (Link) A. Hitehe. Dif-
fers from B. ensa in having the anas-
tomosing cM p the spikelet obscure or
wanting the second gl and sterile
le not pointed beyond the fr O
moist ground, various provinces, Ga. to
and N. J.—(Mez., S. A.)
24. AXONOPUS Beauv. Our species stoloniferous or tufted glabrous
perennials, with usually flat abruptly rounded or somewhat pointed leaf-blades,
and 2—4 slender spike-like digitate racemes. Spi ike lets depressed biconvex, not
turgid, oblong, usually obtuse, aed sessile and alternate in 2 rows on one
side of a 3-angled rachis, the back of the fertile lemma turned from the axis:
first glume wanting: second glume ae sterile lemma equal, the former without
94 POACEAE
a palea: fertile lemma indurate, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, the margins of the
lemma slightly inrolled.—A bout 30 species, mostly natives of tropieal Ameriea.
Spikelets 2-2.5 mm. long, obscurely silky pubescent: midnerve
suppressed. 1. A. compressus.
Spikelets more than 4 mm. long, glabrous: midnerve evident. 2. A. furcatus.
A. compressus (Sw.) Bea Tufted, often producing ne leafy stolons
with short broad obtuse leaf. Dudes flowering stem 20-40 cm. tall: leaf-
sheaths pp das racemes mostly 2 or 3,
ce ng, 8-10 em. long, long-exserted on
ender pedu icles. terminal and axillary
IS 2—2.5 mm. long. joaus Nash com-
gro
Xx, Ark, a
A.)
2. A. furcatus (Flügge) » Hitehe. Plant
pase ps than A. compressus, the ste
fe tuft, ends stoloniferous:
ac
the fruit: foliage rarely pubesce [An \
strophus paspaloides Nash 2 fircatum Fliigge|—Moist pinelands and
open grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.
5. REIMAROCHLOA A. Hitche. Spreading or stoloniferous ER
with flat leaf-blades and slender subdigitate racemes, stiflly spreading o
flexed at maturity. Spikelets strongly dorsally compressed, lanceolate, ca
nate, rather distant, subsessile and alternate in two rows along one side of a
narrow, flattened rachis, the back of the fertile lemma turned toward it: both
palea obsolete: fertile lemma ae in-
d
gins inrolled at the base only, the palea
free nearly half its length.—Four species,
natives of tropical America.
1. R. oligostachya (Munro) A. Hitche.
Plant glabrous: stem compressed, 40-80 em
long: racemes 1-4, 5-7 em. long: spikele ts E
about 5 mm. long. [Reimaria oligostachya Munro]—In water or wet soil,
Fla.—(Cuba.)
26. PASPALUM L. Mostly perennials, with 1 to d spike-like racemes,
these single | or paired at the summit of the stem or racemosely arranged alon
Spikelets plano-convex, usually obtuse, fb cele solitary or in
pairs, in two rows on one side of a narrow or dilated rachis, the back of the
fertile lemma toward it: first glume usually wanting: second glume and sterile
lemma commonly me equal: fertile lemma usually obtuse, chartaceous-
POACEAE * o0
indurate, the margins inrolled.—Over 300 species, widely distributed in the
warmer parts of both hemispheres. |
Rachis with broad green membranous wings. (Subgenus CERESIA.) ™ I. DISSECTA.
Rachis not winged or very narrowly so.
Racemes in pairs at the summit of the stem, rarely a third
one’ below, divaricate at o spikelets solitary. .
Spikelets narrowly ovate, 3-4.5 mm. long. II. DISTICHA.
Spikelets ee circular, 1.5 mm. “Tong. III. CONJUGATA.
Racemes Ra -many, racemose on the axis, not in pairs at the
mmit.
Fruit A ale.
Spikelets not over 2 mm. long (except in no. 6) : slen-
der leafless flowering branches borne in the upper
she aths (except in nos. 7-10). V. SETACEA.
Spikelets over 2 mm. long: branches, if any, le afy.
First glume usua ally present on one of each pair of
Spikelets, Du. ee on both: plants producing ;
scaly rhizo V. BIFIDA.
First glume uni ng.
Spikelets glabrous : leaf-blades flat or folded,
-12 mm VI. LAEVIA.
Spikelets with " ‘Silky fringe around the margin,
in pairs VII. DILATATA.
Fruit dark brown at maturity VIII. PLICATULA.
CI. Dis
Racemes not more than 6, usually x or 4: ee broadly A rachis not extend-
ing beyond the uppermost Spikelet P. dissectum.
Racemes numerous : spikelets about half as broad as long:
rachis extending as a point beyond the spikelet. 2. P.repens.
II. DisTICHA
Sterile lemma wrinkled in the internerves: spikelets
glabrous, flattene 9. P. vaginatum.
Sterile lemma not wrinkled : second glume pubescent. 4. P. distichum.
III. CoNJUGATA
Plant stoloniferous ; widely creeping. 9. P. conjugatum.
IV. SETACEA
First glume present in at least one of each pair of sid
iu n obovate, appressed-pubescent, 2-2.5 mm
r more long. 6. P. Langei.
First glume wanting: spikelets not over 2
Racemes 3-9, scarcely longer than the Corresponding
alend. of the axis: leaf-sheath with an erect
pointed auricle on each side at the sum
axillary racemes rarely Dicen
Spikelets about 1.3 mm. long, obovate, blunt,
crowded, glandular- pubescen us T. P. Blodgettit.
ur RET 1.5-2 mm. long, ellipt
2-3 cm. long, ium thick 8. P. uo qun
Racem Hes x Rp em. oe slender 9. P. lax
Racemes 1 or 2, rarely 3, 2 or 3 times 19 onger than the
axis internodes : leaf. Sheaths not auricled
due rem So in P. ciliatifolium) : stems slen-
Spikelets not over 1.8 mm. lon ng (if as much as
1.8 mm., leaf-blades either’ pubescent
on the surface or clustered at the
bas 10. P. longepedunculatum.
Spikelets 1.6-1.8 mm. long, oval: leaf-
bla a ronin a villous, usually
11. P. debile.
Spikelets bau tib5m m. long, orbicular:
eaf-bl es short pilose, usually not
pen 4m wide. 2. P. setaceum.
Spikelets 2 mm. longl or less in P. AE
no ic Ey rarely over 4 mm. wid
13. P. rigidifolium.
Leaf-blades lanceolate to linear, K n lat-
ter pubescent on both sur fac
56 POACEAE
Leaf-blades glabrous or with occasional
cilia, 8-16 mm. wide.
Leaf- blades firm, tapering from the
FE A base to summit: plants
rather sto
c blades. thin, tapering toward
mmit: sheaths gla-
Dione or abla ciliate: spikelets
1.8-2 mm. lon
Mea pubescent on one or both
Le genes on both surfaces sparsely
pilose with long hairs, rather thin.
Leaf-blades s ely pubes scent
both surfaces
V. BIFID
Racemes solitary or rarely 2 : spikelets subsessile, crowded.
Racemes 2-5: spikelets long-pedicellate, loo
VI. LAEVIA
Plant erect or ascending, not stoloni dus Hor with leafy
branches: spikelets PD LOOPS itary.
E more or less flat
Spikelets 1$5—15 as thick as broad: glume and
sterile lemma firm
Spikelets cd over 2.8 mm. long, longer than
bro more than % as thick: panicle
inuch exceeding the blades.
Be dane glabrous or ciliate only.
Leaf-sheaths and.blades pilose.
Spikelets 3-3.2 mm. long, circular, not more
uae l6 as Ede leaf- es equalling the
base of the panicle or overtopping it.
Spikelets "anttened. enin more than 14 as thick as
broad, closely imbricate, often in pairs:
pee and sterile lemma thin, the cells vis-
ible: short sealy rootstocks present.
paar ee or nearly so: spikelets 2.2-2.8
Plant uds: spikelets 2.7-3.4 mm.
Spikelets oe plano-convex: glume ud Sterile
emma
Leaves clustered toward the base 2 the s
rarely o 15 cm. long, the upper half "oi
the Stent appearing naked: stems Jess than
or a usua lly 75 cm. or less, mostly as-
Endin
beare scai ed along the stem; some of the
bla a at least, 20 cm. long, commonly much
ger
turity : leaf-blades flat, ee cm. wide, the
i at
Glume and sterile lemma slightly inflated and
wrinkled, not rusty-tinged : racemes erect or
ascending : leaf-blades firm, commonly folded,
ahs ee not wider than the sheath, rarely as
Plant decumbe ne a t base, rooting at the nodes, or sto-
from the base), producing leafy branches: rachis
20d mm. wide: spikelets in pairs, acute or sub-
ute. (See also no. x
Spikelets depressed plan m
wide; leaf-sheaths keelod: "blades rarely ov er 5 mm.
wide, "usually folded at base: racemes ascending or
Spikelets turgidly plano-convex, 2 mm. or more wide:
leaf-sheaths not keeled: blades more than 7 mm.
wide (usually 10 mm. or more), flat.
VII. DILATATA
Panicle virgate, the usually numerous racemes suberect:
spikelets scarcely over 2 mm. long.
ped
m
18.
19.
Ny
N
bo
3.
24,
bo
Cc
bo
o
t2
N
to
(0 0)
. P. propinquum.
P. ciliatifolium.
. P. pubescens.
. P. supinum.
P. a HIM
P. bifidun
. P. laeve.
. P. longipilum.
. P. circulare.
. praecoa.
P. lentiferum.
. P. difforme.
. P. giganteum.
P. floridanum.
. P. lividum.
. P. pubiftorum.
. P. Urvillei.
POACEAE 57
Panicle lax, the few to several idea. more or less
. lon
Spr eading : Spikelets about 3.5 m ng. 91. P. dilatatum.
VIII. PLICATUL
M Done 2 mm. long, nearly as broad, P M
mm. wide: plant annual. 32. P. Boscianum.
Spikelets: 3 mm. ones rachis 1 mm. or less wide: plant
perennial 33. P. plicatulum.
l. P. dissectum L. Glabrous E subaquatic perennial: stem 20-60 e
long: ride 3—6 em. lon mm. wide: racemes usually erect, 2-3 e
long, is rachis 2-3 mm. vide: DAE
mm. long, obovate, e glabrous. [P. mem-
branaceum Walt. P. Walte a Schult.]
—Muddy banks, ditches, wet sandy places,
and in shallow water, Coastal Plain and
rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo.,
and Del.—(W. I.)
T Berg. Aquatie perennial with
ae tems as much as 200 em. long,
cemes asce nding, Spreading or
. lon
Mei rather lax, 3—5 em. long, the rachis
about : spikelets 1.4-2 mm
T eliiptic “LP. mucronatum Muhl.
fluitans Kunth Ponds, marshes, and streams, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.,
Ill, and S. C.—(W. I., Mex.)
3. P. vaginatum Swartz. Stem producing creeping rootstocks and also stolons
100 em. or more lo ong, d as woring shoots 8-60 em. tall: leaf-sheaths inflated;
blades 3-8 mm. wide: eme ually 2, at first aed finally spreading or
Pn pies 3-4. e D nme pale. [P. reimarioides Chapm.]—
(SALT JOINT-GRASS. )—Sencoasts and brackish marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Tex. and N. G —(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
4. P. distichum L. Resembling P. vaginatum: a = usually less inflated
and papery: spikelets less flattened, first glume often sent on some of the
a ae T-GRASS. 3.) —Ditches, fresh or D kish marshes and Aue
Coastal Plain and Basin and Range, Fla. to Tex., Calif, Okla., and N. J.—
(OF. I., Mex., c. A., S. 4.)
5. P. conjugatum Berg. Perennial, extensively creeping: stems See
flowering-branches as much as 100 em. tall: leaf-blades Pus thin, ae a le
wide: racemes widely divaricate, usually arcuate, slende 0-12 lon io
spikelets 1.5 mm. long, flat on both sides, pale- Codi silky- PUDE. Nd the
margin.—Moist ground, Conatal Plain, Fla. to Tex —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.
6. P. Langei (Fourn.) Nash. Stem 70—110 em. tall: bis vind e. or
sometimes hirsute, ciliate; blades flat, as much as 1.5 em. wide:
7—9 em. long: spikelets obovate, 2.5-2.8 mm. lon ng. " [Dimorphostachys Pilitferd
Nash]—Moist woods and thickets, Fla. to Tex.— (W. I.)
Te P: pub dm Chapm. Stem erect, as much as 100 em. E leaf-sheaths gla-
brous or the lo n deny villous; blades 2-15 m , glabrous, m
ciliate: racemes eading or ascending. [P. pee rae Nash |—
o and E Everglade Keys, and adj. Everglades, Fla. and Florida
Keys.—(W. I.)
o8 POACEAE
8. P. caespitosum Flügge. pes 30-60 cm. tall: ae sheaths allies ; blades
3-7 mm. ne glabrous, fiat, usually subi bass rying, narrowed at both
ends: s 2—6: spikelet dicium appressed- E cc. ' Pinel ands, Ever-
dee. aaa ea S pen. Fla. and the Keys. (WW. I.)
. laxum e pM: 60-100 em. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous, a few long
white hairs at the mouth: blades folded or wed racemes few to several,
mostly o Din spikelets iri 1.8-2 mm. long, pubescent or
rarely glabro [P. elatum (Fl. SE. U. S. )]—Rocky hammocks, Key West,
Fla.—(W. L)
. P. longepedunculatum Le ET Stem spreading, 25—80 em. tall: leaf-
shoots E ciliate: blades 4—10 mm. wide, the margin ciliate: racemes
1 or 2, 2-8 em. long, slender, usually curved: spike elets 1.5 mm. lon P. ken-
eae Nash]— —Pinelands, fields, and woods, Coastal Plain and ‘rarely adj.
provinces, Fla. to Miss. and K y.
ne P bd bus Stem 40-100 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths villous; blades 3-10
wide: mes usually single, 7-11 cm. long: spikelets glandular- pubescent.
TP. P e Nash|—Pinelands and fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.
and N. Y.
12. P. setaceum Michx. Stem 20-70 em. tall: leaf-sheaths villous; oe
linear, 2.5-5 mm. wide: racemes usually single: spikelets glabrous or sparsely
glandular- pubescent. A, fields, pinelands, and woods, various dud.
Fla. to Tex. and N. Y.
13. P. rigidifolium Nash. iip erect, 30—80 cm. tall: lower bn sheaths vil-
lous; blades erect or ascending: racemes usually ddl. 6—13 em. tall: spike s
about 2 mm. long, glabrous or a —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
Tex.—(W. I.)
4. P.propinquum Nash. Stem 2 n E bs oe E poe
labrous or sparingly eras 7-20 m 3, ong:
spikelets glabrous, about 2 m E imr in EM ao D E “thickets,
sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. ee Tex
15. P. ciliatifolium Michx. Stem 40-80 cm. tall: leaf-blades 6-15 mm ;
racemes 1l or 2, 5-11 em. long: d pid glabrous or pubescent. [P. b ied
phyllum Nash P. Chapmanii Na ae ae Egg ertit Nash P. epile Nash P. latifolium
Le Conte |—Fields, g pinelands, h iin woods, and swamps, Coastal Plain
and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. por ES J.— (RF. I. )
pubescens Muhl. Stem 40-80 cm. tall, usually pilose below the ns
2 em. lon
PD qu du racemes usually single, 1 ng: spikelets about 2 m
long, glabro [P. Muhlenbergii Nas h] Fields, acid swamps, and n es
Coastal Plain p rarely adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex. and Vt.
17. P. supinum Bose. Stem 20-60 cm. tall: leaf-blades 10—20 mm.
racemes usually 2 s 3, 4—10 em. Ln nid about 2 mm. long, g landular-
pubescent, or som mes glabro [P. dasyphyllwm El.]—Sandy soil, pine-
lands, fields, hae p swamps, “Coastal plant Fla. to La., Tenn., and N. C.
P. monostachyum Vasey. Glabrous: stem strict, 60-120 cm. tall: Dd
blades elongate, terete: racemes mostly 10-30 cm. long: spikelets 3 mm. long.
[P n E n Nash]—Wet soil, prairies and marshes, Coastal Plain, S Ed
POACEAE 59
19. dum (Bertol) Nash. Stem erect, 70-130 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths
Bun bene ecu eras pue mm. wide, glabrous beneath, hirsute above
toward the base: ra S 2-5, 7-15 em. long, erect; the rachis very slender,
flexuous: spikelets rd id 8. 5—4 mm. lon T: racemulosum Nutt.]—Dry pine-
3
ng.
lands, sandy woods, shaded Du and thiekets, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.
and S. C.
laeve Mie Stem erect or ascending, glabrous, em m em. tall: leaf-
blades glabrous, o or P ad pilose on the upper surface: racemes 2-5, usually
or 4, 3—10 em. po spreading or ascending: spikelets 2. 53 mm. long. [P.
angustifolium L e P. australe N ru s ood. swamps, and mea-
dows, various nc. Fla. to Tex. and N. J.
21. P. longipilum Nash. Resembling P. laeve: Pee pilose on both su
faces or nearly ds beneath: racemes 2-6, lax and spr num
[P. ud Nash pra viria iud Nash] Mat ps soil, pinelands,
, and N. Y.
22. P. circulare Na sh. Stem 30- A cm. be leaf- — sparsely pilose or
the upper S blades 5-10 mm. wide, usually more or less pilose: racemes
—4, 5-10 em. long, m mostly suberect or the lower irae ing.—Fields, marshes,
meadows, prairies, and sandy Md Coastal Plain and occasionally adj. prov-
inces, N. C. to Tex., Kans, and Con
23. P. praecox Walt. Stem 50- RA cm. tall, P og scaly rootstocks:
leaf-sheaths glabrous or the lower pilose; blades 3-7 vide , Bla abrous, or
T pilose on upper s n. toward the base: raceme ios 8 (us ually 4-6),
2-7 em. long, ascending.—Wet uiis e marshes, and pude odi Plain,
Fla. to Tex. an d N. C.
24. P. lentiferum Lam. Resembling P. praecox, but co pups d more robust,
the leaf-sheaths and blades s eonspieuously pilose: os s 2-9, usually
4 or 5, 38-10 em. long. [P. Curtisianum Steud. P. glaber n P. tardum
Nash P. Kearneyi Nash P. amplum Nash] Moist M cde wet woods, and
marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
25. P. difforme LeConte. Stem 35—75 em. tall: leaf-sheaths pilose on keel
e margin or glabrous; blades d pilose on the upper surface at piel
t base: racemes 2 or 3, 3.5-8 em. long: spikelets mostly in p 3.04 m
n oval.—Low grounds and rich woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., and Ga,
26. P. giganteum Baldw. Stem ae pies ins 200 em. oe a E
scaly rootstocks: leaf-sheaths glabrous or pi : racemes ually 3 E:
10-20 em. long: spikelets 3—3.8 mm ee val or oc te, Ebo. [Pid
cilium Nash.|—Moist ud soil or clay, pinelands, marshes, and ditches,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Mis
27. P. floridanum Michx. Stem 100—150 em. tall, iid E aie E
(more robust and taller: foliage glabrous or near raging
wm. . altissi
me : Sp
0 val, glabrous.—Low sand soil, pinelands, prairies
swamps, and fields, Constel Plain ae rarely a. provinees, Fla. to , Mo.,
and Va.
28. P. lividum Trin. Stem 60-100 em. tall: leaf-sheaths usually glabrous;
blades 3-6 mm. wide, sometimes pubescent on the upper surface: racemes
60 POACEAE
diia 4-1, often flexuous, 1.5-5 em. long.—Wet ground, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Tex.—(W. T., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
29. P. pubiflorum Rupr. Stem 40-100 em. peed p stout: eus
peii or the lower hirsute; blades 10-15 pee glabrous: racem
sually 3-5, 5-10 cm. long: spikelets about 3 m mm. long, softly pubescent
(stems often taller: spikelets A d in pubiflorum glabrum. [P. lae
glumis Scribn.], Woods, various provinces, Kans., Ind., and N. C.), bro oadly
obovate. [P. Hallii Vasey & Seribn. P. potere Nash ]—Moist soil, Coastal
Plain, La. to Tex.—(Mez.)
30. rvillei Steud. Stems in large clumps, 100—150 cm. tall: bota leaf-
sheaths ‘densely pe prem purplish ; hee des 8-12 mm. wide: s 10-
20, P. Vaseyanum Seribn.]—(VASEY- GRASS. ) — Fields, low
C.—(C. A.,
UR oe. ud ons dee Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S.
S. A.)
31. P. A a e Den m 50-170 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous; ber;
e: 3-8, 5-10 em. long.—(DALLIS-GRASS. )— —Moi uim
pcm: dtum nid, "and Mns -places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., "Tenn.
and N. J.— —(W. lj € ' A., S. A.)
oscianum Flügge. Annual, Pep as a whole, stems ascending fro en
: pibus rooting base, 50—120 em. long: le ae ip purplish, the low
most rz s 3-10 mm ae ra 2—9 . long: spikelets a
in e s 2-2.3 m ae obov LP. Hid Ell. ]—Moist soil, 2
us ounds, and hillsides, RE Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Pa. —(W.
P. pie (Fl. SE. U. 8.)is a eens plant with solitary spikelets.
33. P. plicatulum Michx. Stem 50-100 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths gee glabrous
or iind palpi be lower crowded: od e fo x d at base, rather firm
3-1 wide: racemes usually 3-10 oes 9), 2-10 em. long, u in areuate-
a "spikelets drying brown, the sterile lemma wrinkled just inside the
margin.—Moist soil, pinelands, E ods, a prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.
and Ga.—(W. L., Mer., C. A., S.A.)
27. PANICUM L. Annuals or proa various in habit. Spikelets in
open or eo t panicles, rarely in racemes: glumes 2, usually very unequa
the first NOLAN minute, the second typieally ser the sterile lemma, tlie
latter enelosing a thin. alea and. sometimes a stam e flower: fertile lemma
chartaceous-indurate, n iioc the nerves perd the margins inrolled
over a palea of the same texture.—Five hundred species, in the warmer parts of
both bones o OT - all year S.—PANIC-GRASSES. WITCH-GRASSES.
Axis of branchlets extending beyond the base of the uppermost spikelet as a point or
ins = 1-6 mm. long: perenniais: fruit transversely
I. DISTANTIFLOBRA.
Axis eo branchlets 2 extending into a Birds (In
Panicum gen um and P. paludiv m the some
what flattened axis pointed but not “bristle. form.)
Basal leaves simil to stem-leaves for
winter rosettes “spikelets all fertile.
Fruit transversely r
Plant annual: leaf. anesthe rather wide, flat:
spikelets more or less ee -veined. III. FASCICULATA.
Plant perennial: spike elets glabro
Inflorescence consisting ee “several spike-like
racemes along a main a II. GEMINATA.
Inflorescence an open panicle VI. MAXIMA,
Fruit not transversely rugose.
First glume truncate or triangular-tipped, not
more than one fourth the length of the nar-
POACEAE
acute or acuminate, glabrous spikelet:
DIS annua
First glume not truncate (except in P. repens).
lant annual.
Spikelets glabrous, pointed: leaf-sheaths
papillose-hispid ; leaves a
Spikelets To leaves glabro
Plant perenn
SDR short-pediceled along one side of
the n branches of the panicle form-
ing Bde" or spike-like racemes, some-
times somewhat aggregate toward the
ends of branches (see also VIII. Tenera).
First glume nearly equalling the sterile
emma.
First n much shorter than the sterile
Panicle dong (15-30 cm.), very narrow,
the branches erect or nearly so; fruit
rather thin and soft, the palea scarcely
enclosed.
Ean usually open (at least not long
nd narrow), the main branches
a fruit indurate, the palea
enclosed : plants commonly produc-
ing axillary panicles.
re E nd not enlarged at ma-
Sterile "palea enlarged at maturity,
for open the spikelet.
RDIR TELS in A or sometimes in contracted
ongested panicles, but the main
beaches not in narrow or spike-like
Panicle narrow and few-flowered: stem
dur E wiry: leaf- blades drying Tad
Panicle ‘open or contracted, several- to
-flowered: stems stout or rigid.
Basal ee usually EE different from those of
Hs em, form a wint aa stems at first
lar anicle no
t all
a. fruitful ookee: panicles open,
the branchlets usually flexuous : perennials.
pd EAE ong not more than 5 mm. wide, 20
ng a m. autumnal phase branch-
ee yes ae jo
Leaf-blades not elongate Ge if so more than 5 mm.
wi 7 ied autumnal phase not branching from
ase
Plant branehing from the base, finally forming
rosettes or cushions, the foliage soft and lax:
leaf-blades prominently ciliate (except in P.
laxiflorum
Plant branching. ien the stem-nodes or rarely
remaining sim
Leaf-blades LA "i: autumnal phase bushy-
branche
Spikelets turgid. attenuate at base, mostly
pustulose-pubescent : leaf-blades conspicu-
a
phase usually not bushy-branche
Spikelets ae blunt, strongly nerved (not
strongly turgid in P. oligosanthes) : leaf-
blades Pd as "much as 1.5 cm. wide
meti m. i
(so
Lenfsheaths glabrous or minutely Pau
lent: spikelets 1.5-2.5 m long, a
metrically RUSO strongly edt
stems wiry
et
V.
XXIX.
XXVIII.
t
X.
VIII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XXIII.
61
DICHOTOMIFLORA.
CAPILLARIA.
. VERRUCOSA
GYMNOCARPA.
HEMITOMA.
AGROSTOIDEA.
. LAXA.
TENERA.
VIRGATA.
. DEPAUPERATA.
LAXIFLORA.
ANGUSTIFOLIA.
BICKNELLIANA
TANCEABIA.
62 POACEAE
Leaf-sheaths, or some of them, pape
hispid : spikele ets 3-4 mm. lon
PEE Eu turgid, blunt, nor " strongly
d (see, however, P. roanokense and
Ligule of conspicuous hairs, usually 3-5
mm. long: spikelets pubes ent.
rr dies glabrous or cay the lower-
ost somewhat pubescent.
Leaf. sheaths strongly DUbe ced
ccn panicle- -branches with vis-
cid spo
Spikelets usually obovate or elliptic
L s of the mid-stem elongate,
n 1.5 em. wide: stems usu-
ally tall: Spikelets pointed, ab-
E so in the velvety P. sco-
par
Leaf-blades of the mid-stem not elon-
ie E somewhat so in P. equilat-
Blades cordate, 1-3 em. wide (5-12
P. Ashei): spikelets
pube ed
Spikelets 2.5-3 m long: leaf-
sheaths PE ‘or minutely
puberulent.
Spikelets 3-5 mm. long (some-
times but 2.7 mm. long in
a pe sheathed P. clan-
Blades ee cordate (somewhat in
P. annulum), less than 1 cm.
wide.
Sheaths crisp- or appressed-pu-
bescent: blades firm : spikelets
pubescent.
Sheaths glabrous (sparsely pi-
lose in P. curtifolium and
often in P. annulum).
spikelets x 5 n long, 2: less
1.6-1.7 nue).
Vernal s sl En A dM but not
de nem rarely less than
40 c igh: D E
= 9 T lon 1.5
n P. microcarpon nr P.
Puer ule ccu
Lower internodes short, up-
at base: spikelets n
Ead ovate, 2.7-2.0 m
ZW internodes not short
leafy throughout: spike-
lets elliptic or obovate,
pum more than 2.5 mm.
I. DISTANTIFLORA
PED oe erect, with narrow erect or appressed
XXIV. OLIGOSANTHIA.
XVIII. SPRETA.
XIX. LANUGINOSA.
XXI. SPHAEROCARPA.
XXV. SCOPARIA.
XXVI. COMMUTATA.
XXVII. LATIFOLIA.
XX. COLUMBIANA.
XXII. ENSIFOLIA.
XVI. NUDICAULIA.
XVII. DICHOTOMA.
1. P. Chapmani.
POACEAE
II. GEMINATA
Nodes bearded : Jeaf-sheath villous
Aodes glabrous : plants glabrous hegi ughout.
: glumes and sterile lemma
per
Spikelets not over 2.4 mm. long: glumes and sterile
lemma not papery.
III. FASCICULATA
Spikelets 2-4 mm. long.
P SECHS reticulate-veined, 2-3 mm. long:
np scarcely reticulate-veined or arn near apex.
Spikelets not over 2 mm. long, glabro
Spikelets n = mm. long, R
Spikelets 5-6 mm.
IV. DICHOTOMIFLORA
Leaf-sheaths papillose-hispid.
Leaf-sheaths glabrous.
V. "ict
Panicles drooping: spikelets 4.5-5 m ng.
Panicles erect: spikelets less than "3. n m long.
Pan n oe than half the length of the entire
Panicles 1 narrow, usually less than half as broad
Panicles as d as
Eunice not more than one third the entire height
o e pla
p pt "Jeaf-blades about 1 em. wide: spike-
ets
Stem slender: leaf-blades not over 6 mm. wide:
spikelets not turgid.
VI. MAXI
Plant large, rather coarse, with ample panicles.
VII. VIRGATA
Spikelets not over 2.5 mm. long, first glume less than
half the length of the Ld
Panicles loosely flowered : E truncate, about
M glume triangu-
lar, about ER ein the length of the fal ped
Spikelets . 3-7 mm. long (sometimes less than 3 mm. in
P. virgatum cubense) : first glume E than half
the length of the spikelet.
Panicles elongate, strongly contracted: seacoast
. high, solitary from the nodes
tu fts.
Panicles diffuse or only slightly contracted : plants
sometimes of salt marshes but not littoral.
VIII. TENERA
Plant slender, stiffly erect, with narrow strict panicles.
IX. AGROSTOIDEA
Rootstock present: stem but little compressed : spikelets
set obliquely on their appressed pedicels.
Pan icles open: spikelets 3.4-3.8 mm. long (shorter
in exceptional specimens).
prr pos ue or less contracted: spikelets not over
ng.
Rootstock van ndn ng: stem strongly compressed:
sheaths keeled: spikelets not obliquely disposed.
Ligules ciliate: basal leaves half as long as the stem
or more: panicle rather open, much exceeding
the upper jen ct.
Conc QC
. P.
RE P
. barbinode.
. paludivagum.
. geminatum.
fasciculatum.
reptans.
adspersum.
texanum.
bartowens
e.
dichotomiflorum.
. miliaceum.
flexile
capillare.
Gattingeri.
philadelphicum.
. mazimum.
. repens.
Gouini.
amarum
amarulum.
virgatum.
. tenerum.
anceps.
rhizomatum.
63
64 POACEAE
Spikelets not over 2.7 mm., usually 2.5 mm. long,
the first glume Pee than half that length:
ligules 2-3 mm.
spikelets 3-3.5 mm. Nene first glume two-thirds
Quee ToU ERIS that length: ligule less than
r mm. lon
` Ligules erose or lacerate, not ciliate: basal leaves in
short tufts, the upper usually nearly equalling
he terminal rather dense panicle.
Fruit stipitate: oe 2.5-2.8 mm. long, con-
spicuously secu
Fruit 2 2 Stipitate: spikelets not conspicuously
Spikelets 1. s mm., in occasional specimens
mc panicle-branches ascending
re apreadin
A about 9. 5 mm. long: panicle-branches
rect or near
X. LAXA
Plant erect or partly decumbent, with lax panicles and
small gaping spikelets.
XI. kp a
Plant weak, often with reclining stems, the mature
panicle diffuse, with filiform branches ET Serres:
spikelets.
XII. DEPAUPERATA
Spikelets about 3.5 mm. ee beaked.
Spikelets 3 mm. long or
XIII. LAXIFLORA
Leaf-sheaths retrorsely pilose: spikelets papillose-pilose.
Leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so on the surface and
margin: spikelets 2.2 mm. long.
Leaf-blades ciliate and more or ess pilose on the
surface: spikelets 2 mm. long.
Leaf-sheaths not retrorsely pilose: spikelets pubescent
rous,
Spikelets E about 2 mm. long.
Spikelets glabro
Leaf-blades S brous on the surface.
Leaf-blades pilose on the surface.
XIV. ANGUSTIFOLIA
Nodes bearded : plant Pray inh vious : autumnal Jeaf-
SEG, 2.5-2. ium ong.
Nodes not bearded : Let villous only at base, or nearly
glabrous: autumnal leaf- M involute or flat.
Autumnal leaf-blades. flat: lower panicle-branches
spreading or deflexed.
Autumnal leaf-blades involute: lower aa
branches more or less ascending. l
Spikelets 3. 3-3.5 mm. long, pointed.
Spikelets less n 3 mm. long, not pointed, or
obseurel
Plant glabrous or nearly So: autumnal stems
ect.
Spikelets subsecund along the suberect
panicle-branches
Spikelets not subsecund : panicle loose and
o
Plant pubescent, at least on the lower half.
E about 2.4 mm., rarely only 2. S
ng: vernal leaf-blades T2 e
autumnal blades not falcate
Spikeletsi not over 2 mm. long: vernal leaf-
blades cm. ped autumnal blades
much crowded, falcate.
25. P. longifolium.
26. P. Combsi.
21. P. stipitatum.
28. P. agrostoides.
29. P. condensum.
30. P. hians.
31. P. verrucosum.
32. P. depauperatum.
33. P. linearifolium.
94. P. laxiflorum.
35. P. calapense.
36.' P. ciliatum.
37. P. polycaulon.
38. P. strigosum.
39. P. chrysopsidifolium.
40. P. consanguineum
41. P. angustifolium.
42. P. fusiforme.
48. P. neuranthum.
44. P. ovinum.
45. P. arenicoloides.
46. P. aciculare.
POACEAE
XV. BICKNELLIANA
vspikelets tufted stems and open panicles with few
spi ts
XVI. NUDICAULIA
Plant with erect or partly decumbent stems, the panicles
with spreading branches.
XVII. DICHOTOMA
Nodes, at least the pe bearded.
Spikelets 1.5-1.6 mm. long, glabrous (occasional in-
dividuals with Poss. Spikelets).
Spikelets 2 mm. ore long.
RE glabrous, 2 mm. long: autumnal form
top-heavy-reclining.
Spikelets pubescen
Leaf-blades all velvety : autumnal form spar-
ingly branched.
Leaf-blades glabrous, or only the lower pubes-
cent o ve vety: autumnal form freely
branchin
Spikelets 2 mm. long: autumnal form pro-
füsalv DOE
Spikelets 2.2 ore long: autumnal
form jess p e branching.
MAS P ud Sheaths and all nodes pu-
ee sheaths and upper nodes glabrous.
Nodes not Usi Use nodes pubescent in P. barbu-
um
Spikelets” pubes
Stem EIE prem becoming vine-like.
Stems d ‘prostrate, vine-like : branches divari-
Plants HARE. Stems lax: spikelets not
ng.
Plants B E Stems stiff: spikelets
ng.
aD ao us.
m soon prostrate.
“Pla an bright-green ; stems lax: spikelets not
ver 2.1 mm. lon
Plant pon -green : ' Stems Stiff: spikelets 2.5
Stem erect, or the autumnal form topheavy,
` never prostrate.
Spikelets not over 1.6 mm. long: panicles nar-
row: plants ipiis bluish- -green.
Spikelets 2 mm. or more long: panicles open.
ee erect ans Spikelets turgid,
ongly nerved : plants grayish olive-
Leaf-blades spreading: spikelets not
Spikelets 2.2 more long,
poi inted : sheaths. here pale glan-
USE spots, `
Spikelets not over 2 mm. long, not
e
Autumnal form erect, branched like
Autumnal iori topheavy-reclin-
ing: primary leaf-blades 6-10
mm. wide: second glume equal-
ling fruit and sterile lemma.
XVIII. SPRETA
Pa anicle narrow, one-fourth to one-third as wide as long.
Panicle open, two-thirds as wide as long, or more.
Spikelets 1.5 mm. lon
Spikelets 1.3 mm. Jones. or less.
Stem and leaf-sheaths glabrous.
5
47.
48.
60.
50.
51.
02.
53.
53.
54.
57.
58.
P. Bicknellii.
P. nudicaule.
. P. microcarpon.
P. barbulatum.
P. annulum.
P. nitidum.
P. mattamuskeetense.
P. Clutei.
P. Clutei.
P. lucidum.
P. sphagnicola.
. P. lucidum.
. P. sphagnicola.
. P. caerulescens.
P. roanokense.
P. yadkinense.
. P. dichotomum.
. P. barbulatum.
. P. spretum.,
. P. Lindheimeri,
. P. longiligulatum.
66 POACEAE
Stem and leaf-sheaths melo
Spikelets 1.2-1.3 mm. lon
Spikelets not over rl mm |
XIX. LANUGINOSA
Spikelets not over 2 mm. lon
Plant grayish, velvety-pubese ent.
Spikelets 1.4-1.5 m Sont. autumnal leaf-blades
on inted | (gea also P. albemarlense).
Spikelets 1.8-2 mm. long: autumnal leaf- blades
at.
Plant dark-green or olive-green when dry:
spikelets 1. 9-2 mm. en n
Plant light-green or yel reen when dry.
Plant S t, often villous, but not velvety.
Vernal atii ades glabr pe d nearly so on the
upper surface, firm in
Verne leaf-blades. Dubesccnt- n upper surface,
metimes pi near base and margins
E s mm. or more long: plants conspicuously
Spikelets 2.2-2.4 m
Pubescence on eus and leaf-sheaths horizontally
spreading: autumnal form freely branching.
Pubescence on stems and leaf-blades appressed or
Mu ns E autu mnal form rather sparingly
Dia
Spikelets 1-2. mm. long.
COLUMBIANA
XX
Spikelets 2-3.2 mm. long, m m elliptic.
Winter leaf-blades 5- me . long: spikelets 2 mm.
ng.
E 3.2 mm. iene. first glume conspicuously
ist
t.
Spikelets not over 2 2.5 mm. long: first glume not
distant.
Spikelets about 2.4 mm. (2.2-2.4 mm.) long:
panicle open ; branches stiffly spreading.
Ade 2-2.1 mm. long: pan nicle rather
ding.
Spikelets not es 1.9 mm. lon no one turgid.
Spikelets about 1. "E mna. ion
Spikelets about 1.5 mm. Tone,
XXI. SPHAEROCARPA
Stem spreading: B eR UCM obscurely nerved: panicle
nearly as broad as long
Stem ae ect or ascending : e d I strongly
ved: pan ore o-thirds as
Droad a Sone. usually less.
Spikelets. 1 5- m. nos leaf-blades lanceolate,
he
dri 1-1.2 mm. once leaf-blades tapering from
en apex, the upper much smaller than the
XXII ENSIFOLIA
Ligule about 1 m ee sheaths or some of them
sparsely spre eading-pilose .
Ligules obsolete or near rly So: pubescence if present not
spreading.
Leaf-blades prominently white- margined, firm: spike-
lets densely puberulent.
67.
68.
4. P. leucothriz.
65.
P. Wrightianum.
. P. auburne.
P. Thurowit.
P. lanuginosum.
. P. tennesseense.
. P. albemarlense.
. P. meridionale.
. P. Huachucae.
. P. villosissimum.
4. P. pseudopubescens.
> P. ovale.
. P. wilmingtonense.
. P. malacon.
. P. Commonsianum.
. P. Addisonii.,
0. P. tsugetorum.
. P. columbianum.
. P. sphaerocarpon.
. P. polyanthes.
. P. erectifolium.
. P. curtifolium.
POACEAE
Leaf-blades puberulent oo often above:
cora ths and oo lower internodes as-
ending pubesce
Leat. blades peus sheaths glabrous or minu-
tely ciliate only
pcos leaf- blades much reduced: stems
branching fro ower noice only, the
branches ea a branchin
Uppermost leaf-blades about as ‘long as the
others: stems bearing BR branches from
the upper and middle o
Leaf-blades not white- -margined o Vd obscurely so
(or if ae margin is evi ident apilelets ony
n 1 mm. long): spikelets glabrous or puber
Stem branching only at base: plants soft, light
green.
Stem n at the nodes: plant firm or at
ast not soft.
Spikelets glabrous.
Spikelets 1.1-1.2 mm. long: pennants
rarely as much a 5 em. lon
Spikelets 1.2- L 5 mm. long.
Leaf-blades AT at least some of
them 8-10 cm. lon
Leaf- bl: ades not over 3 em. long.
Spikelets puberulent.
Spik ele E 1.1 mm. long: eee leaf-blades
bluish-green, not glossy
.9-1. m. lon
lades A falcate, with ue
: s hair mai gin near bas
nts sti T Pe ls iry.
Leat blades not involute, tip
not faleate: plants bright-
En winter leaf- blades conspicu-
ous, glossy green
XXIII. LANCEARIA
Spikelets 1.5-1.6 d long
Spikelets 2 mm. or ng.
Leaf-blades, or Some of them, at least 8 mm. wide,
lee a on e upper surface: fruit papillose-
Leaf-blades not over 6 mm. wide (or if wider, pu-
s rulent on the upper surface): fruit smooth
nd shining.
Spikelets 2.4-2. : mm. long: leaf-blades narrowed
the base.
Spikelets not mies 2.1 mm. lon
Leaf-bl ae firm, glabrous above stem stiffly
ascendin
Leaf-blades ‘lax, softly puberulent on both
surfaces: stem decumbent.
XIV. OLIGOSANTHIA
Nodes bearded: blades velvety-pubescent beneath.
P S d Soft-velvety throughout: spikelets not
over
Plants stiff, pubescence harsh : spikelets about 4 mm.
long.
Nodes not bearded : leaf-blades not velvety.
Sp m. Ta narrowly A subacute: plants oliva-
appressed-pubes
Spikelets broadly QUO turgid, blunt : plants green,
pubescence, if any, n not appres sed.
XXV. SCOPARIA
Miren Soft-villous or velvety : Spikelets abruptly
pol
Pubescence when present not velvety.
Spikelets elliptic: fruit about 2 5m . long.
pikelets Pc that is, eee wp the middle:
fruit 2 mm. “one or les
90.
91.
104.
105.
pu
oe
. P.
P.
P.
. P.
. P.
E
. P.
sedes
tenue.
. albomarginatum.
trifo lium.
vernale.
chamaelonche.
glabrifolium.
ensifolium,. .
concinnius.
breve.
flavovirens.
portoricense.
. Webberianum.
patentifolium.
lancearium.
. patulum.
malacophyllum.
Ravenelii.
. oligosanthes.
. Seribnerianum.
. Scoparium.
P:
aculeatum.
68 POACEAE
B or some of them hispid, rarely gla-
: autumnal phase with crowded branch-
106. P. scabriusculum.
Leaf-sheaths glabrous: autumnal phase sparingly
branching. 107. P. cryptanthum.
XVI. COMMUTA
Plant glaucous, glabrous: basal leaf-blades ncm
ously ciliate: vernal stems usually solitary. 108. P. mutabile.
Plant not glaucous
Leaf-blades linear : first glume about half as long as f
the spikele 109. P. equilaterale.
Leaf-blades lanceolate.
ems crisp-puberule aoe eae D rigid,
symmetrical, rarely over vide: spike-
lets about 2. 5 mm "long: 110. P. Ashei.
Stems dion or softly puberulent : leaf-blades
m or lax: spikelets 2.7-3.2 mm. long.
Stems erect, or autumnal m Jeaning : leaf-
blades symmetric, broadly ate. 111. P. commutatum.
Stems decumbent: leaf- blades pee unsym
metric and falcate, narrowed to the scarce’ y
cordate base. 112. P. Joorii.
XXVII. LATIFOLIA
Leaf-sheaths, at least the lower and those of the
branches, strongly papillose-hispid. 113. P. clandestinum.
He glabrous or softly villous.
Nodes glabrous: spikelets 3.4-3.7 mm. long. 114. P. latifolium.
Nodes Dearie: spikelets 4-4.5 mm. long. 115. P. Boscii.
XXVIII. HEMITOMA
Plant vigorous, extensively rooting, with e rect narrow, .
often elongate, panicles and acute spikelets. 116. P. hemitomon.
IX. GYMNOCARPA
Plant stout, extensively creeping, with aing pan-
icles and 1o ong narrowly pointed spikelet 117. P. gymnocarpon.
. Chapmani Vasey. Stem ascending o
2. P. barbinode Tri Stem erect from a
long decumbent ios stoloniferous base,
200—600 em. long: leaf-sheaths villous, or
d
glabrous toward t ummit, densely pubes-
t on the collar: on 15 de,
glabrous: panicle 12-20 m. long, the rather
distant subracemose densely iud branches — ^ or spreading: spike-
lets 3 mm. long. [P. molle (Fl. SE. U. S.]—Ham mocks, ns and waste-
Ses Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. P» , 0. W.)
3. P. paludivagum H. & C. Stem elongate, as is as 200 em. long, the base
ereeping, rooting at the m panicle 25-35 em. long; racemes 12-10, pn
the lower distant, 3 em. long.—In fresh water, Coastal Plain, Fla. and "Tex.
(Mez. S. A.) i
4. P. geminatum Forsk. Stem 25-80 em. tall, a a from a somewhat
decumbent base: ie oe 12-30 em. long, the ra s 12-18, erect, the a
2.5-3 em. long. [P. paloides (Fl. SE. U. S. ST QW ATER- -GRASS.)— —Mois
JA, i E prairies ne al Plain, 5 Fla. and Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. ri
POACEAE 69
5. P. fasciculatum Swartz. Stem ereet or spreading from a decumbent base,
30-100 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths E or papillose-hispid: blades 6—20 mm
o cm. long, the
de, glabrous: panicle 5—1 d branches race p along the main
axis, solitary or clustered, 5-10 cm. long, spreading, S aides short-
pedieelled (panieles smalle more compact, the bran ne appressed: leaf-
ades ent: spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long, in P Pug us
reticulatu x. to s ; introd. into —(Menz., C. A., S. A.)) : spikelets
mostly brownish, usua mm. long, glabrous. Loe Swartz ]—
Hammocks, fields, and gom -places, S Fla. and S Tex.—(W. I., Mex., C. A
S. A.)
6. P. reptans L. Stem prostrate or decumbent at base, rooting at the lower
nodes, the ascending m 10-30 cm. tall: leaves glabrous, the blades ciliate
at base: panicle 2-6.cm. long, the 3-12 spike-like branches ascending or spread-
ing: first glume truncate , about = -sixth the length of the spikelet. i pros
iratum o a —Fields and mois open ground, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
—(W. I., Mes., C. A., S. 4.)
P. adspersum. Trin. Stem i end or spreading from a deeumbent base,
30-100 em. tall: leaf-blades 6-20 cm. wide: panicle 6-15 cm. long, the few
ascending spike-like racemes 3-10 ec lu SER. ts pale, 3.5b-4 mm. os
abruptly acuminate, more or less hispid. —Moist open ground, Fla.— (W. I.)—
A ie form is P. keyense Mez
exanum Buckl Stem stout, 50-150 em. tall, branching at bas
d
pubescent: panicle 8-20 em. long, 1-3 em. wide, the axis densely pubescent:
a ped fusiform, pointed, pilose. Prairies and open ground, Coastal Plain,
Tex. and Okla., introd. in Ariz., and eastward to Fla. and N. C.—(Mez.)
9. P. rx Seribn. & edd Stem erect, as much as 200 em. tall: leaf-
blades 1 . long, 5-13 mm. wide: glabrous or nearly so: panicle large,
loosely spreading 15-60 cm. T spikelets short-pediceled, appressed, about
2.5 mm. long.—(WITCH-GRASS.)—-Low grounds, marshes, and prairies, Fla.
— (W. I.)
10. P. dichotomiflorum P Stem much-branched, aes from a genic
late base, usually 50-100 em. tall, som qs as much a he plant DID
aded s throughout: leaf- bl ades 3-20 nim. wide: panicles ids nd mpi
0—40 cm. long: spikelets short- edieeled pies the main. branches, usu
adm ong. [P. proliferum (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—Low unds, fi elds, roadsides,
and waste- icd various aes Fla. to Tex., Calif, Nebr., and M
(W. I.)
11. P. miliaceum L. Stem as much as 100 em. tall, rather stout: leaf-blades
mostly pilose, as much as 30 em. long and 2 em. wide: panicle 10-30 em. long,
usually rather compact, the numerous branches narrowly ascending, spikelet-
bearing toward the summit.—Roadsides, waste-places, and cult. grounds, occa-
sional throughout the U. S., rare S—Cul t. as Proso. HoG-MILLET. BROOM-CORN
LET. Nat. of Eu.— —(Mez x.)
12. P. flexile (Gatt.) Scribn. Stem erect, 20-70 cm. tall, ocius branching
S base: leaf- pud E ees to sparsely hispi id, 2-6 mm. wide: p
3-3. ong, —Sandy damp soil, various Einem Fla.
S. D., and Ont.
13. P. capillare L. Stem erect or ascending, simple or sparingly Ua pr
20-80 em. tall: leaf-blades 5-15 mm. wide, hispid: panicle large, diffuse,
maturity breaking away as a tumble-weed: okle 2—2.0 mm. long.— (Wire p
70 POACEAE
GRASS.)—Woods, fields, marshes, prairies, and waste-places, various aae
Fla. to Tex., Mont. and Me—Panicum Bergii Arech., differin Tu
capillare in being perennial, in having involute leaf -blades s, the i of the
panicle strongly pilose, and the lower branches in verticils, has been found on
ballast at Mobile, Ala., and Galveston, Tex
14. P. Gattingeri Nash. Stem soon decumbent- Ta ee at the lower
nodes, as much as 100 cm. long: leaf-blades 6-10 m ore or less hispid:
Bc numerous, terminal and axillary, the ear '10— 18 em. long, the latter
maller.—Open ground, dry hills, woods, cult. A ine and waste- -places, various
puri N. C. and Tenn. to Minn and N. Y
15. P. philadelphicum Bernh. Stem mostly erect, 15—20 cm. tall, usually zigzag
at the slender base: leaf-blades 2-6 mm. wide, sparingly hirsute: paniele ovoid,
few-flowered, the spikelets usually in twos at the ends of the p mu
open ground, hillsides, barrens, and roadsides, various provinces, Ga. to Okla
Wis., and Me.
16. P. um Jacq. Stem erect, 100—250 em. tall, ee a E root-
stock: leat sheaths papillose- o to P ligules . long: blades
elongate, 1-3.5 ecm. wide: panicle 20—50 cm. lo ong, about me third & s wide, the
- aches ascending the ie in whorls erin in the axils: spikelets about 3
long.— (GUINEA-GRASS. ae rounds, o a: and ditches, Coastal
Plain, Fla. Nat. of Afr.— » C. A., S. A., O. W.)
17. P.repens L. Stem rigid, 30-80 cm. tall, from an émises creeping root-
stock: leaf-blades 2-5 mm. wide: panicle 7-12 em. long, the branches ascending:
spikelets pale, about 2.5 mm. long.—Sea be eaches, sand-dunes, and sandy soil,
Coastal Plain, Ala. to La. Nat. of O. W.—(W. I., C. A., S. pus
18. P. Gouini uale Resembling P. repens, usually lower: panicle smaller,
narrower, more densely flowered, commonly purple: oed 2—2.4 mm. long.
[P. halophilum Nash]—Sea beaches, Ala. and Miss.— —(Mez.)
19.. P. amarum Ell. Plant glaucous and glabrous be ind stem solitary
from a stout p creeping rootstock, 30—100 cm. tall: panicle ay over
a ier wide, few-flowered, the bra cae appressed : sie ets 5-6.5 mm. long,
eine ae ma ed. [P. amaroides Seribn. & Merz] — Beaches and
a Coastal Plain and New England Coat, Ga. to Miss. and Co
20. P. amarulum H. & C. Resembling P. amarum, but grows in large bunches,
100 p be tall: E 5—10 cm. wide, no dding: spikelets 4.5—5.5 mm. long.
[P. amarum (Fl. SE. U. S. )] (Bean -GRASS.)—Beaches and dunes, Coastal
Plain, Flo. to La. and Va.— I.)
21. P. virgatum L. Plant erect, with stout scaly pee glabrous through-
out, or upper surface of léaf-blades pilose, utu. tal (more slender, the
panicle narrower: spikelets 2.8—3.2 mm. long, firs ra about half the length
of the cR acute o nly, in n P. virgatum cubense. | [P. virgatum breviramosum
Na i e ndy d Ld Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Conn. (JV. I.)):
paniel ru 50 em. long, open or diffuse: spikelets 3.5-5 mm. long, acuminate.—
Pr ace ia marshes, hammocks, and salt marshes, various provinces,
Fla. to Ariz., Wyo., an nd Me.—(Me ex., C. A., S. A.)
22. P. tenerum Beyr. Plant slender in pied tufts from a knotted crown,
40-90 cm. p leaf-blades ae firm dq wide: panicle 3-8 em. long,
about 5 wide: spikelets a out 2.5 EE “PD. stenodes (Fl. SE. U. 8.) ]
—Wet DUE ponds, and pod poeni Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—
(W. I.)
POACEAE ! 71
23. P. anceps Michx. Stem erect, rather stout, 50-100 em. tall: leaf-sheaths
edi to ya pilose: blades '20 —50 cm x ng, 4—12 mm. wide, pilose above
ard the base anicle 15—40 em. lon remote wr c
ee spikelets somewhat curved, set o on the pedice [P.r
iratum Muhl.]—Moist org soil, stream-banks, meadows, and ineladds ions
provinees, Fla. to Tex, Kans., and N. J.
24. P. rhizomatum H. & C. _Resenbling P. anceps, the stem more slender
rootstocks more numerous: leaves shorter, somewhat ended at the base, the
sheaths villous.—Moist sandy moods: pinelands and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex. and Va.
25. P. longifolium Torr. Plant in dense tufts, 35-80 cm. tall, usually sur-
rounded by basal leaves: leaf-sheaths usually Erw sometimes villo ous to-
ward the summit: blades 2-5 mm. wide: panicle 10-25 em. long: spikelets
about 2.5 mm. long: first glume not over half the e length of the spikelet. [P.
pseudanceps Nash |—Moist acid sandy soil and low pinelands, Coastal Plain
and New England Coast, Fla. to Tex. and R. I.
26. P. Combsii Seribn. & Ball. Resembling P. longifolium, but usually glab-
rous, the leaf- A shorter: lateral panicles seldom developed: spikelets 3-3.5
mm. long, the first glume two-thirds to three fourths as long as the spikelet.—
Wet woods, low pinelands, and cypress- pond. Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.
27. P. stipitatum Nash. Resembling P. agrostoides, often purple- phis
pd pda the stem strongly eompressed: panieles usually several to a stem,
0— lon
10-20 e DE, T rather narro y med soil, and stream-banks, various pro-
vinces, 8. ©. o Tex., Mo., and Con
28. P. Pd apis MANN Plant 50—100 em. tall, with a dense clump
Pa from a short eaudex, with numerous ape of short leaves at the base:
stems com s sed: pane 2. em. long, the stiff branches ascending or
aes spikelets about lon ng.—We : perit. ponds, swamps and
marshes, various provinees, EN to Tex., Kans., dnd Me.
29. P. ary soe ae apie e agrostoides, auy rather taller:
n E. —25 'em. long, r wide, rather compact: spikelets 2.2-
2.5 mm. long, turgid, the tips ml spreading. — Wet places, marshes, one
and e Coastal Plain and nore adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Pa.
—(W. I.)
30. P. hians Ell. Stem slender, erect or geniculate and rooting at the lower
nodes, 20-60 cm. long: le af-blades 1-5 mm. wide: panicle 5-20 em. long,
ds: A
ee strongly nerved, glabrous. TOC ER s Nash]—Damp soil, low
oods, stream-banks, pools, and ditches, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla.
to N. M. and N. C.
81. P. verrucosum Muhl. Plant bright-green, lax, soon decumbent, widely
mc and divaricate- branched, as much as 150 cm. long: leaf-blades thin,
iel
ard —Wet
shady places, acid swamps, ae es, and Moos Cae Plain ad. N P. v England
Coast, Fla. to Tex. and Mass., and Great Lake Lowlands, N Ind.
32. P. depauperatum Muhl. Stem 20-40 em. d erect oe rather stiff: leaf-
sheaths pi Or p blades La AP A . lon mm. wide, often
involute in drying: panicle 4-8 long, the re ae remote branches
ascending: spikelets HR or Pa Dee Autumnal phase similar,
72 POACEAE
but with dits secondary panieles more or less concealed among the basal
leaves.—Open sterile woods, fields, and rocky slopes, various provinces, Ga. to
Tex., Minn., d Me.
33. P. linearifolium Scribn. Stem 20-45 = tall, not stiff : res M cns
nicle 5—
papillose-pilose: blades a i em. long, 2 wide: pani 10 e
Autumnal phase with small panicles xem the bl leaves —Dry ood hill.
sides, fields and thickets, po provinces, Ga. to Tex., Minn. and Me.
34. P. laxiflorum Lam. ae slender, 20-60 em. tall, erect, or geniculate at
base: leaf-blades me em. long, 7-12 mm. wide. panicle 8-12 em. long, lax,
add E ed, the branches us spreading, the lower often bp iid Au-
1 phase aca branched at base , forming a soft spreading mat, with
EM secondary panicles intermixed. [P. pyriforme Nash] Rich puc
Coastal Plain, Fla., Ga., and Ala.
35. P. xalapense H. B. K. Resembling P. laziflorum; differing in the pilose
and ciliate leaf-blades and somewhat smaller (2 mm.) pp 2 ovoid
more compact panicles and somewhat smaller Pe NA about 1 . long,
in P. xalapense strictirameum. . to La.) [P. lami m ( Fl. U. S.
Open woods, pinelands, hammocks, and rocky fields, see iat eed T
Tex., Mo., and Md. (T. I., Mex.)
36. P. ciliatum Ell. Stem 5-30 em. tall, ereet or UA wis leaf-blades ud
em. long, 83-8 mm. wide, conspicuously ciliate: panicle em. long, the axi
pilose. ‘Autumnal phase a soft flat mat. Low inclands, Gpaştal Plain, Fla.
to La. and N. C.
37. P. polycaulon Nash. Resembling P. ciliatum: dis piii the axis
sparsely pilose: spikelets a about 1.5 mm. long, rarely as m . long.
Low pinelands, and prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. c. I. 5
38. P. strigosum Mu hl. Resembling P. ciliatum: panicle-axis and branches
D spikelets 1.3-1.5 mm. long. Sandy woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to La., Tenn., and Va. (W. I., Mex.)
39. P. chrysopsidifolium Nash. Stems ascending or spreading, 30—45
tall: leaf-blades 5-10 em. long, 3-5 mm. wide, conspicuously pointed, villous
on both surfaces: panicles 4—6 cm. long, the flexuous br ines ascending o
spreading: oe elets villous. Autumnal phase forming mats, the blades 13
em. long, 1.5 mm. D papery.—Sandy pinelands and ad Coastal. Plain,
Fla. to La.—(W. I.)
40. P. consanguineum Kunth. Stem ascending or is 20-55 « em. tall,
densely pode below: leaf-blades erect, 7-11 cm. long, 5- wide:
panicles 4-8 em. long, the lower branches factnm ascending.
phase sp eading or hp wai t, the numerous branches somewhat flabellately
fascicled, the blade em. long, 2-3 mm. wide.—Sandy pace lands an
meadows, Coastal Plain, “Tia, to Tex. and Va.
41. P. angustifolium Ell. Stem erect, 30-55 cm. tall, ed lowermost inter-
nodes gray crisp-villous, the upper r glabrous: panicle 4-12 cm. lo ong: spikelets
2.5-2.8 mm. long, papillose-villous. Autumnal phase stiffly uenis or some-
what toph -reclining, not mat-like: blado y very numerous.—Sandy! woods
and pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Pa.
49. P. fusiforme A. Hitche. Vernal phase similar to that of P. angusti-
folium: stem 30-70 cm. tall: lower leaf-blades softly pubescent beneath:
POACEAE | 73
panicle long-exserted. Faroe phase ereet or reclining, for rming dense
bushy clusters 30—60 cm. tall.—Sandy pinelands and peru Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Miss. and Ga.— “Ww . I.)
E P. caer Griseb. Stem stiff, 30-60 cm.: leaf-blades erect or ascend-
ing, 3-5 mm. wide: panicles 5-9 em . lon ng: spikelets 2 mm. long, finely papil-
lose- Redon Autumnal phase slender ——Prairies, open woods and pin
lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—(W. I.)
44. P. ovinum Seribn. & Smith. rap erect, bm em. por leaf-blades erect
or Raed lens the lowermost as much as 1 em. wide: panicle 5-9 cm. long,
three-fourths as wide: spikelets slightly over ? mm. Io ong, minutely E
P Autumnal leaf-blades not much reduced.—Dry or moist grounds,
oods and nude Coastal Plain, Miss. to Tex. and Ark —(Me x.)
2 ae rip Ashe. s mostly erect, 30—50 cm. tall: leaf-blades
: panicle 4—6 cm. long: spikelets papillose pubescent Autumnal
d pep een eret or topheavy.—San 2| pinelands, sand-dunes, and
woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—(W. I., C. A.)
46. P. aciculare Desv. Stem ascending, 20—50 em. tall: ip blades stiff,
viia e or oe nding, narrowed to an involute point, 2-5 mm. wide: panicle
open m. long, the flexuous Dan spreading. Autu nal phase TR
ee 10-30 em. long, spreading and forming dense. SUE the blades
1-3 em. "lon ng. [P. arenicola Ashe]—Sandy woods and pinelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and N. J.—(W. I.)
47. P. Bicknellii Nash. Stem erect, 30-50 cm. tall, glabrous, or puberulent
toward base: nodes sparsely bearded or glabrous: c i aths glabrous or
nearly so: blades stiff ascending, 8-15 cm. long, 3-8 . wide, the upper-
most usually longest: n ovoid, 5-8 em. long, the ge anches pnt
spikelets 2.3-2.8 mm. pua sparsely aoe rarely Sean us. Autumn
phase erect, branching from middle nodes, ing a e bushy crown a
stiffly ascending blades. [P. ne DATUM. hes —Dry ph or acid woods
and hillsides, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Mo. and Conn
48. P. nudicaule Vasey. Stem erect from a spreading base, 40—60 em. tall,
glabrous: panicle long-exserted, 4—7 em. long.—Swamps, Coastal Plain, W Fla.
and S Ala. |
49. P. microcarpon Muhl. Stem erect, or geniculate at base, usually 60—100
em. tall: id pur» pu E the low ermost pubescent: ae des iis ge
wide: panicle 8—12 long, the branches ascending. Autumnal ined |
peatedly EI pon all the ae reclinin mg i Us the eem of the denen
mass: leaf-blades and panicles reduc ed. [P. barbulatum (Fl SE. U. S.)]—
Wet woods, marshy places, swamps, hillsides, ind thickets, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Mass.
50. P. annulum Ashe. Stem usually purplish, sin em. tall: leaf- E i
eer or the upper nearly glabrous: blades 7-13 m wide: panicle 6-8 e
long: spikelets mm. lon Autumnal phase pes bearing few er rect
branches at the upper nodes —Dry woods, Piedmont and rarely ius margin
of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss. an nd N. J.
. P. nitidum Lam. Stem erect, 30-60 cm. tall, sometimes taller: leaf-
agen poseen or the lower pubescent, unis or glandular: blades 5—10
wide, glabrous: panicle 5-8 cm. long, the and the ascending branches
viscid. -spotted. Autumnal. phase aa or ae ere from the egt of the
74 POACEAE
foliage, the pags n ur ae clusters ru the nodes: s pues
numerous, 1-3 ide, soon involute.
ground, diet ey prairies, a pb Coastal Plain, Fla. m Tex. ond
Va—(W. I.)
P. raul cda di ie pu uds — usually purplish, 40-100 em.
tall: i blades 8—12 e ong, 8—12 wide e, glabrous or pA: B rni
8—10 cm. long, the flexuous ‘ranches spreading: spikelets about 2.5 . long.
A und phase erect or dec t, branching rather igre on the mid-
dle nodes.—Low moist RU posten Plain, N. C. 2 Xs
53. P. Clutei Aus ie gie PF. mattamuskeetense, but more nearly gla-
brous, only the lowermost nodes, leaf-sheaths and blades velvety: spikelets
slightly smaller.—Moist acid soils, "Coastal Plain and New England Coast, N. C.
o Mas
54. P. lucidum Ashe. Plant glabrous, at first erect and resembling those of
. dichotomum, the weak stem soon deeumbent: spikelets 2 mm. long, glabrous
or rarely pubescent. Autumnal phase repeatedly branching, forming large
vine-like ste
clumps or i
divergent, not fascicled.—Wet woods, no and sphagnum bogs, S
Plain and New m. x Coast, Fla. to Tex. and Mass., and Great Lake Low
land, N Ind.—(W. I.)
55. P. sphagnicola Nash. Plant glabrous: stem slender, erect or reclining,
50—100 hun tall: spikelets 2.5 mm. long, glabrous or puber erulent toward the
apex umnal phase decumbent or finally prostrate- spreading, igen)
[eMe pies all the nodes.—Edges of E i swamps and in sphagnu
bogs, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.
.56. P. geni dum Haek. Plant glabrous: stem slender, 50—75 cm. tall: wt
blades 5-8 em. long, 4-7 mm. wide, usually purplish-beneath: panicle 3-7 e
long: Bs turgid, strongly nerved.—Marshes, prairies, and swampy ODDS
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. J.—(W. I.)
57. P. roanokense Ashe. Resembles P. caerulescens: stem 50-100 em. tall:
panicle more spreading: spikelets turgid, strongly nerved, purple- hen at
base. [P. curtwaginum Ashe]—Open s swampy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Tex. and Va.—(W. I.)
58. P. yadkinense Ashe. Plant glabrous, in a small tuft: stems erect and
as muchas 100 em. tall: leaf-blades 8-11 mm. wide: panicle 10-12 em. long:
spikelets about 25 mm. long, the second glume and sterile lemma pointe
: i ond the fruit. Autumnal phase phe or leaning, loosely branched from
middle nodes.—Moist woods and swamps, Coastal Plain and rarely adj.
b iig Ga. to La., Ill., and Pa.—(Mez.)
59. P. dichotomum L. Plant glabrous: deem erect from E knotted crown,
a em. tall: leaf- oars d 5—11 . long, 4— wide: panicle
4—9 em. long: spikelets ong, glabrous, rarely pubescent Dry sterile
Wood. various prance Ta e Tex., Mich., N. B.
60. P. barbulatum Michx. Resembling P. dichotomum: differs in having
pubescent lower nodes and in the diffusely branched autumnal phase, forming
large reclining bunches, the pene branehes recurved, the numerous flat leaf-
blades horizontally spreading. sd woods, pinelands, and fields, various
provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mich., and Mas
POACEAE 79
61. P. dva ipie Plant glabrous: stem erect, 30-90 em. tall: panicle
8—12 em. long, the branches n ng or AK dn Spikelets about 1.5 mm.
long, m E or rarely glabrous. Autumnal phase reclining, the branches
in sh uced. [P. oct . G.
Sm . p. Fl. SE. U.
pinelands, Coastal Pla ain and New “England Coast, Fia. : to Tex. and Me.
Great Lake pcd N Ind.
62. P. Lindheimeri Nash. Stem stiffly ascending or spreading 30-100 cm.
tall: nodes eee leaf-sheaths glabrous or the lower pubescent: blades 5—10
em. long, 6-8 wide, usuallf glabrous. Autumnal dog prs stiffly
spreading or eR d acude the internodes elon um ate, with tufts of short
appressed branches he nodes, the blades reduced, involute- -pointed, often
eonspicuously x E base. —Dry woods, open grounds, and prairies, various
provinces, Fla. to N. M., Calif., Minn., and Me.
63. P. longiligulatum Nash. Stem relatively stout, s 0 em. Nec nodes
iiie leaf-blades rather firm and thick, 4—8 cm. lon ng, 4-8 mm. wide, gla-
brous above, m uberulent beneath: paniele 3-8 em. long: mde. 1. - 1.2 m
long, Quse t. Autumnal Sid reclining, the branchlets crowded on spr oe
ing B une. the bl dos reduced and subinvolute.—Low m Hed swamps,
and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. €.
64. P. Mis oar Nash. Stem erect or ascending, 25-45 cm. tall, appressed
Ds -pilose: leaf-blades rather firm, 3—7 em. long, 3-7 mm. wide, glabrous
above, puberule m beneath: panicle 3~8 em. long. Autumnal phase with ap-
pressed pag branches the bia des not much reduced. [P. parvispiculum
sh |—Low pinelands and cypress n often in acid E Coastal Plain,
al to Ls and N. J.—(W. I.)
65. P. Wrightianum s Stem weak and slender, ascending from a de-
cumbent base, 15—40 c m. tall, minutely pubescent: leaf-blades 2—4 cm. long,
t spreadin
branched.— t soil, swamps, ponds, and | cypress Tedd, Coastal Plain and
New England ¢ Coast, Fla. to Tex. and Mass —(W. IJ).
66. P. auburne Ashe. Stem 20-50 cm. tall, geniculate, widely spreading,
densely ey silky-villous below, Woo M D. copious d hairs inter-
mixed diit leaf-sheaths villous: blades ong, 3-5 mm. wide: panicle
s oc ong. Autumnal phase diffusely d prostrate pert form-
ing ae mats, the branches curved upward at the ends — Sandy woods, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La., Ark., and N. Y. —Plants tufted.
67. P. Thurowii Seribn. & Smith. Stem erect, 35-70 em. tall, the nodes
bearded: MUR blades dp d Uc . long, 6-10 mm. wide, velvety be-
e) 2 o e 7—11 em. long. aa phase erect, bearing at the middle
few aad Bas DA .—Prairies and dry one woods,
Coastal” Plain, Ala. to Tex
68. P. lanuginosum Ell. Stem 40-70 em. tall, lige the nodes aaa
usually with a girs ring balov: pus 6— 12 e . long, the axis pubescent,
the lower branches often drooping. Autumnal a UE eading or pos
spreading
cumbent, freely bu hing. [P. ciliosum "Nash h]—Moist sandy woods, thickets
and pinelands, mostly near the eoast, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. J.
69. P. tennesseense Ashe. Plant somewhat bluish-green: stem erect or stiffly
spreading, 25-60 cm. tall: leaf-sheaths spreading-pubescent: blades with a
76 POACEAE
thin white cartilaginous margin, darc Jes or erect, 5-8 mm. long, oe 2d
m ee appre ressed- Pp paniele 4—7 e E Spike elets about
nal phase widely spreading, w merous fascicled z
often fo m ‘prostrate mats.—Open moist ground, ds and barrens, um
provinces, Ga. t , Minn., and Me.— e£.)
70. P. albemarlense Ashe. Plant PA stem 25-45 em. tall: bd
blades Paste: as well as lon a8- d: n the upper surface: panicle 3-5
long, axis puberulent: spikele s 14 mm. long. Autumnal phase freely
ee as sandy woods a dunes, Coastal Plain and New En ngland
Coast N. C. to Minn. and Mass. and Great Lake Lowland, N Ind
71. P. meridionale Ashe. Stem very slender, 15—40 c o E» 1.5-4
em. long, the axis appressed-pubescent: spikelets about: 13 long. Au-
tumnal phase erect or nearly so, not bushy. [P. L d Ashe] Sandy soil,
sterile woods, and bogs, various provinces, Ga. to Wis. and R. I
72. P. Huachucae dud Stem stiffly upright, light- pria dee papil-
lose- ld 20—60 em. tall, the nodes bearded: (ta and more slender,
brighter-green an js den pubescent: leaf-blades ved "thin, spre adas i the
upper surface sparsely short-pilose, or with copious long hairs near the base,
the lower surface pubescent and with a satiny luster in P. Huachucae silvicola.
P. lanuginosum (F1. SE. U. 8.)]— Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Me.) : leaf-sheaths
sce lades ng, iously
short-pilose, the pd m pubeseent: panicle 4—6 cm. long, the Pr piloso:
spikelets about . long. Autumnal phase stiffly erect or ascending, t
branches fasci cled. IP. u n "CHE SE. U. S. ree and Bs
ounds, various provinces, N. C. to Calif., S. D., and
73. pd Mr ep Nash. Stem 25—45 cm. tall, ue or ascending: panicle
4-8 c Ty ng dires rather stiffly ase endin ing or spreading: T
abou a ng. tumnal phase finally ei A forming a the
leaf- nis pe much ed [P. atlanticum Nash P. xanthospermum ; Scriba.
& Mohr]—Dry sandy or ci soil woods, and Sind ds various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Mass.—(C. 4.)
74. P. pseudopubescens Nash. Resembling P. villosissimum: leaf-blades gla-
brous on upper surface along center or all over: spikelets about 2.3 mm. long.
Autumnal phase stiffly spreading.—Sandy woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain
and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ill., and Conn.—(Mez.)
75. P. ovale Ell. Stem 20-50 cm. tall, relatively stout, the lower portion and
the leaf-sheaths din pilos e with ascending or appressed hairs: blades nearly
glabrous on upper surfa ee panicle 5-9 em. long. Autumnal phase spreading-
inter blades v
bent, the sum
conspicuously ciliate. . ciluferum Nash|—Dry sandy woods and
a, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—Plant donec tufted.
76. P. wilmingtonense Ashe. Stem 20-40 cm. tall, pilose with soft ascending
hairs, = nodes pilose: leaf-sheaths villous like the stems: blades rather stiff,
ascen ing, cm. long, glabrous on the upper surface, softly pubescent to
nearly glabrous beneath: panicle 5-8 cm. long. Autumnal phase spreading, the
branches crowded, the reduced blades involute- noc —-Sandy woods, Coastal
Plain, Ala. to N. C.
77. P. malacon Nash. Stem erect or stiffly spreading, 30—50 cm. tall, pubes-
cent with Pigeon. hairs like the leaf-sheaths: blades stiffly ascending, 4—12
em. long, m. wide, sharply acuminate, puberulent or glabrous above,
POACEAE 77
often villous on the vag ae panicle 4—7 em. long, the few branches ied
ascen sine the spikelets on long stiff pedicels. Autumnal phase decumben
spreading, the branches hes ressed. [P. strictifolium Nash]—Dry pi ends
and peru ead Fila.
78. P. Commonsianum Ashe. Plant olivaceous: stem 20—50 c tall, stiffly
ascending or spreading, appressed-strigose or als ui qud leaf. bla des firm,
stiffly ascending, glabrous above, strigose or glabrous Miu M nar: 4-8
long. Autumnal phase spreading or on strate, forming pM a
na
woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Con
79. P. Addisonii Nash. Resembling P. Commonsianum: usually less than 40
cm. e leaf-sheaths sparsely agra P eos E above, pubes-
r glabrous beneath: panicle 2-6 c ong. nal phase spreading,
freely branching, the branches HM. mi d barrons, often acid, Coastal
Plain and New England Coast, S. C. to Ind. and Mas
P. tsugetorum Nash. Plants rather pale bluish- -green: stem 30-50 em
high) ascending, sometimes genicul ~ T base, densely prece pubescent:
1 F a wide
ligules 1-1.5 mm. long: leaf-blades em. long, , glabrous
above, appressed-puberulent beneath: dos about ion ng. anal
phase decumbent-spreading, eee: the b. ea —Acid sandy
woods, various provinces, Va. to Tenn., Ill., and Me.
80a. P. columbianum Scribn. Differs from P. tsugetorum in being smaller,
more slender, with the stiffer culms densely crisp- puberule nt, and smaller spike-
lets (about 1.5 mm. long).—Sandy woods, various provinces, N. C. to Me.
81. P. sphaerocarpon Ell. Nu po B Ve 20-55 cm. tall, Scand
spreading (ascending: ligul 3-1 m ong in P. POE un on i inflat
. to N. C.) : leaf-sheaths poros ciliate: ligules obsolete: blades thick a nud
firm, e above smooth beneath: panicle a -exserted, 5-10 em. long: spike-
lets 1.6-1.8 mm. long, puberulent. Autu l phase prostrate- spreading, the
branches nese simple. —Sandy soil, acid woods. thickets, and prairies, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Vt.—(Menz., 'C. A., S. A.)
82. P. polyanthes Schult. Plant glabrous or beta Se so: stem erect, 30—90
em. tall: leaf-blades 12-23 em. long, 15-25 mm. wide: panicle 8-25 em. long.
Autumnal phase erect, spar sely branched. "Da amp ground, woods, thickets,
stream- pes and prairies, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Okla., and N. J.
83. P. d Nash. Stem erect, 30-70 em. tall: panicle 6—12 em. lo ong.
Áu phase erect, little. branched — Moist pinelands, mu ON Gua
SR Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I.)
84. P. curtifolium Nash. Stem weak, slender, 10-30 em. tall, ne the
nodes sparsely bearded: leaf-blades spreading or reflexed, 1.5- jd pay ng, 2-5
mm. wide, thin and soft: panicle 2-3 cm. long: spikelets 1.4 ong, gla-
brous or minutely pubescent. Autumnal phase vues Pm is ultimate
branches in small fascicles. [P. Earlei es oggy soil, Coastal Plain
and adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala., Tenn., and S.
e Muhl. Stem 20—55 em. tall, glabrous or the lower part sparsely
oe mod leaf-sheaths sparsely appressed-pilose or the upper gla-
brous: panicle 3-5 em. long: spikelets 1.6 mm. long, puberulent. Autumnal
phase erect or leaning, branching from the middle nodes.—Moist sandy woods,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.
P. albomarginatum Nash. Stem 15—40 em. tall: leaf-blades thick and firm
with a thick cartilaginous margin: panicle 3-6 cm. lon ng: spikelets about 1. 5
78 POACEAE
mm. long, ae Autumnal phase spreading, repeatedly branching from
the base.— sandy soil, pinelands, and prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
and ve. DI. C. A.)
87. P. trifolium Nash. Resembling P. albomarginatum: stem more slender,
leaves i conspicuously crowded at the base, blades less thick and firm. Au-
tumnal phase sparingly branching from the middle and upper nodes —Low
Node pinelands, and prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., Tenn., and . J.
P. vernale H. & C. Stem 15-30 em. tall, very win a leaves
clustered at the base, the blades bae, soft, 2-7 cm. lon wide: panicles
1.5-3 em. long: spikelets s 1.5 m . lon ng, eb c ion Dine forming
soft mc -——Moist places, Coastal 1 Plain, Fla. to Miss
89. P. chamaelonche Trin. Stem 10-20 em. tall, glabrous. Autumnal phase
freely branching from the base and lower nodes. [P. Baldwinii Nutt. x ds
sandy soil, pinelands, old fields, and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla
. I.)
90. P. glabrifolium Nash. Resembling P. chamaelonche: stem as much as 50
em. tall. Autumnal phase ud branching from the middle and upper nodes.
—Low sandy Nude pen.
91. P. ensifolium Baldw. Stem 20—40 en tall, slender, glabrous: panicle 1.5—4
em. long: spikele ets glabrous or puberule Áu tumnal phase spreading or re-
E im ingly branching. [P. esce Ashe P. glabrissimum Ashe]—
Wet pla es, woods, and pinelands, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain, Ga. to
Miss. . dJ.
92. P. ee H. & C. Stem very slender, 12-50 cm. tall, glabrou
puberulent at the nodes: panicle 3-6 cm. lon Autumnal phase radiate.
spreadi a ae branched. [P. gracilicaule Nash |—Moist, sandy soil,
Piedmont and Appalachian Valley, Ga. and Ala.
P. brev 2 d Ri C. pes erect, Boiss tall: panicle 1.5—4 cm. long:
spikelsts oe mm. long. Autumnal eas spreading, freely branching
from the upper and middle nodes.—Low sandy or roeky pinelands, pen. Fla.
94, P. flavovirens Nash. Stem slender, ascending or oe n em.
tall, the lower vds greens crowded: blades 2—5 em. long, . wide:
spikelets a about 1.4 . long. Autumnal phase spreading, E mos the
lower and middle buc —Moist shady soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and
N. C.
Rut Š P peas Desv. Stem 15-30 em. tall: leaf-blades — em. long,
wide, firm, glabrous to puberulent: paniele 2—4 em. long: spikelets
BES n Autumnal phase ascending from a decumbent n repeatedly
branehing.— Sandy pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— — (W. I.)
96. ae brio e Stem 20—50 cm. ee. rather I oo
3-9 cm. long, 4-12 wide: panicle 4-10 em. long: spikele i ;
long, r or Dub e: Autumnal phase bur Me: r dec iia flabel-
ce branehed.—Low pinelands, prd m and fields, Coastal Plain, Fla.
o N. C.
97. P. ee ewe Stem 25-55 em. tall: leaf-blades stiffly spre c E
2.5-8 cm. long: pani a em. long: spikelets puberulent or nearly glabrous
Autumnal phase eae spreading, branched from the middle eer upper
nodes.—Dry sand, erc unde and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla.
Miss. and Ga.
POACEAE 79
98. P. lancearium Trin. Stem 20-50 em. tall: leaf-blades 2-6 em. long, 3-7
E. wide, puberulent or nearly glabrous cun strongly ciliate towards
base: panicle 3-6 em. long: spikelets puberulent or glabrous. Autumn
mis geniculate bien branching from the mi dle nodes. [P. Nashianum
Seribn.|—Low sandy woods, prairies, and | i x aa Coastal Plain and rarely
Blue Ridge, Fla. to Miss. and Va. —(W , C. A.)
99. P. patulum (Seribn. & Merr.) A. Hitche. Resembling P. lancearium, but
more lax. Autumnal phase more freely branching, often forming Are mats.
zov moist oer pinelands and ‘hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. La.
and Va.
100. P. malacophyllum nico n slender, 25-7 0 em. long, genieulate,
SPIE or T ligules 1-1.5 mm. long: leaf-blades 6-12 mm. wide:
ine e 3— M. . long: spikelets Lg rds -pilose. Autumnal phase ‘spreading,
| em ires hing from u and middle nodes sd woods, various
provinees N of Coastal Plain Tex. i Okla. and Ten
101. P. Ravenelii Scribn. & Merr. Stem erect, 30-70 em. tall: es 3—4
mm. long: leaf-blades 1-2 em. wide, glabrous on upper surface: panicle 7-12
em. long: spikelets Eod Pein pubescent. Autumnal phase seed
the branches numer mit.—Sandy woods, pinelands, and marshes,
various provinces, Fla. a Tex. Mo., and Del.
102. P. oligosanthes Schult. Stem bobo. 35-80 em. tall: ligules 1-2 mm.
long: leaf-blades stiffly spreading o ascendin ing, 5-8 mm. wide, glabrous on
upper surface: panicle 6—12 cm. us spikelets 3.5—4 mm. long, sparsely
hirsute. Autumnal phase topheavy-prostrate, the short branches aggregate at
the summit.—Sandy moist woods, dunes, and bottoms, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Tex., Okla., and N. J., and Great Lake Lowland, N In d.
103. P. ig ar Nash. Stem erect, rather stiff, 20—50 em. tall: ligules
about 1 mm. long: leaf-blades 6-12 mm. wide, glabrous on the upper o
panicle 4— 8 em. long: spikelets P, moo to nearly glabro Au-
tumnal phase much-branch ed at summit, the blades not meer d reduc od. —Dry
prairies, sandy soil, woods, prairies, euis and fields, various provinces,
Tenn. to Ariz., Wash., Ont., Me., and Md.
x P. scoparium Lam. Stem 80-130 em. tall, stout, erect or o
sually ieu ders at base, the nodes villous with reflexed hairs, a glabro
viscid 1 ing below: a sheaths glabrous and visc id on the back toward the
ummit: leaf-blades 2 s mm. wi long-acuminate: paniele.8—15 em. long:
puce turgid, abou mm. long, Di -pubescent. Autumnal phas
ua or spreading, freely PE the ultimate branches in fascicles i
the es. [P. pubescens L m. j— — Wet soil, prairies, swamps, woods, and thick-
ets, Coastal Plain and adj. D uc. Fla. to Tex., Okla., and Mass.—(W. I.)
P. aculeatum H. & C. Stems in large clumps, 70—100 em. tall, harshly
pubesent a Vae zi eun Luo ied -hispid with stiff, sharp hairs: epa
ong
ie wide, involute- DUE panicle 8-12 e
E m pt m. lont d y pubescent. Autumnal phase bags pus
the middle nodes.—Swampy nod Coastal Plain, N. C. to Long Id., N. Y.
106. P. scabriusculum Ell. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall, oo at least below the
nodes, sometimes puberulent: leaf-blades 15-25 em. long, 9-12 mm. wide, gla-
ede or € often pubescent beneath: panicle pum em. long: spikelets
long, glabrous or obseurely puberulent, the se g
ay ane much larger than the fruit. A phase erect, branching
it. ut
from the middle and upper nodes, finally bearing fascicled Liban and
forming dense oblong masses along the upper part of the primary s
80 POACEAE
Moist ground, wet acid woods, and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.
nd N. J.
cryptanthum Ashe. Stem erect, 80-100 cm. E ceps except the
abro 1
usually bearded nodes: leaf-blades 7-9 mm. wide, gla panic em
long: spikelets 2.2-2.4 long, labrous Or pee poe the second
glume and sterile mma pointed beyond the fruit. Au umnal phase erect,
und,
le
sparingly branched at the middle and upper nodes. —Low swampy gro
Coastal us Fla. to Tex. and N. J.
p
branched from the mi iddl upper nodes.—Sandy d dunes, a
hammoeks, Coastal Plain d ps Blue Ridge, Fla. to Miss. and Va.
109. P. equilaterale Seribn. Stem ad ped 25-70 em. tall: leaf-blades
firm, widely spreading, 6—17 cm. long, 6— wide, very scabrous, often
eiliate at base: pa anicle d em. long: piel elet: S 33 mm. long. Autumnal
phase ereet or leaning, branching from the upper and middle nodes. [P. ird
folium Nash]—Pinelands, . ‘aan and dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.
110. P. Ashei Pearson. Stem usually purplish, erect, 25-50 cm. tall: le e
sheaths puberulent: blades 4-8 em. long, 5-10 mm. wide: panicle 5-8 c
ong utumnal phase divergently branching from the middle and upper
nodes.—Dry sterile woods, rocky places, and sand hills, various provinces,
Fla. to Miss., Mich., and
mmutatum Schult. Stem 40-75 em. ane leaf- pees eerie or
12-25 m
112. P. Joorii Vasey. Stem 20-55 cm. tall, spreading or ascending fro
2m ed at least the lower part pur ple: panicle 5—9 em. long: spikelets
mm. long. Autumnal phase widely spr reading, bearing more or less divari-
im veu M from all the nodes, the ultimate branchlets in. dense fascicles.
[P. manatense Nash]—Low woods, ammocks, and cypress-swamps, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.— Nd I., Mez.)
ranch r
ened branchlets inclosing wholly or partially the secondary panicles.—Moist
ground, woods and thickets, v RON provinees, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Me.
114. P. latifolium L. Stem erect, 45-100 em. tall: qn apes 8-18 em
b ike
branehing from the middle nodes, the branches er rowded and sprea
macrocarpon Le Co
ma 1 nte|—Rocky or sandy woods, various provinces N of Coastal
Plain, N. C. to Kan., Minn., and Me.
115. P. Boscii Poir. Stem 40-70 e m. tall, erect or ascending, glabrous or
minutely puberulent: leaf-sheaths Pie or nearly so (downy-villous, the
blades a beneath in P. Boscii molle=P. ded bis Nash—Fla. to La.,
rk., and Conn.): blades 7-12 em. long, 1.5-3 em. wide: spikelets papillose-
POACEAE 81
pubescent. Autumnal phase more freely branched than in P. latifolium,
sometimes topheavy-reclining. [P. Porterianum Nas ni LC bottoms, and
hillsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and Mass
116. P. hemitomon Schult. Plant aquatic or semiaquatic, with extensively
creeping rootstocks, often producing numerous sterile shoots with densely ip
sheaths and strigose blades: stem 50—150 em. tall, gla ded o blades ascend-
ing or spreading, em. long, 7-15 m wide, cabrous on upper surface
glabrous beneath: Ps 15-30 cm. png the Beaches sa r2or3i
a an 2—10 em. long: ibas about 2.5 mm. long, eee ng acute, gla-
bro P. dig itarioides Carpenter | — (MAIDEN-CANE.)—Stream-banks, ditches,
bonds, and ies often in the water, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. J.
7. gymnocarpon ux Plant denen with a succulent decumbent or
ereeping base as much a m. long: stem erect or ascending, 60—100 cm. tall,
the nodes often deed: leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, 20-35 cm. long,
15-25 mm. wide, flat, cordate: panicle 20-40 em. long, with several solitary
or fascicled racemes along the main axis, Lene 8-12 em. long: spike el ets d
pedicelled, appressed, 6—7 mm. long, glabrous, the glumes acumin [Phan
pyrum abt Nas sh ]—Ditehes, unde. 'and muddy banks, N Plain,
Fla. to Tex. and Ga.
LASIACIS A. Hitche. Large branching perennials, with woody culms
often straggling several feet high into shrubs or trees, the leaf-blades firm,
flat, usually lanceolate and narrowed into a petiole, the spikelets in an open
panicle. Spikelets subglobose, glabrous, placed obliquely on their pedicels;
- g mewhat infla s seen code, usually not over one-third the length
the spikelet, several nerved; second glume and sterile lemma about sae
Bu abruptly apiculate, papery-chartaceous, shinin Pedo e ed, the lem
enclosing a membranaceous palea and sometimes a Siem nate flower; fertile
lemma Ln bony-indurate, obovoid, obtuse, this and us palea bearing at
the apex in a slight crateriform depression
a tuft of woolly hairs, the palea concave be-
low, gibbous above, the apex often free at
aturity.—Twenty species, natives of tropi-
cal America.
1. L. divaricata (L.) A. Hitehe. Plant
apis throughout except the margin of
eaths: stem branching, shrubby or
a. straggling over bushes or up into
t B 2 he ste
strong, as much as 6 m n diameter, the
main branches often o ed, the vigorous
a secondary shoo s often strongly di- /
cate or zigzag: po Perg narrowly
in te, 5-12 em. long, 5-15 mm. wide,
on vigorous Shoots much bans paniele ovate, 5—20 em. E I pod
4 mm. long, commonly black at matur urity. [Panicum dwaricatum L. P.
folium £ Fl. SE. U. 8.)]—(SMALL-CANE. WILD-BAMBOO. A S Fla.
— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
29. SACCIOLEPIS Nash. Peorennisls of wet soil; stems ipei sn
with elongate spike- -like panicles. Spikelets oblong-conic; first glu
second glume broad, inflated-saccate, strongly many-nerved; un "inus
82 POACEAE
narrower, flat, fewer-nerved, its palea nearly as long, often subtending a
j fertil l
staminate ower: ertile lemma much
smaller, d elliptie, pointe
rate, the pa ns inrolled, the palea not
enclosed at lise mit. e species, ex-
cept the a confined to the tropics
of both hemispheres.
1. S. striata (L.) Nash. Plant 2
often decumbent and peres at bas
5,
ate, 4—
icle rather loose, 6-30 cm. long:
Rs pe 4 mm. long. [Pani icum f
gibbum Ell. S. gibba Nash |—Mar
ditches, prairies, and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex., Okla., and N. J.
— (W. T.)
30. OPLISMENUS Beauv. Freely branching, creeping a with
slender erect flowering shoots, flat, thin, " neeolate or ovate leaf-blades, and
several l-sided ded EDI GS: rather dist on a main axis. dada terete
or somewhat laterally compressed, is solitary or in pairs in 2 rows,
crowded or somewhat distant on one side of a narrow scabrous or hairy
rachis: glumes about equal, emarginate or 2-lobed, awned from between the
lobes; sterile lemma exceeding the glumes and fruit, notched or entire, mucro-
ate or short-awned, inelosing a hyaline
palea: fertile lemma elliptic, acute, convex
or boat-shaped, the firm margins clasping
the palea, not inrolled.—Ten species, except
the following, confined to the tropics of
both hemispheres
setarius (Lam.) Roem. & Schult
. m. e
1-3 cem. long, 1 anceolate, conspicuous
eae -margined: racemes 3-5, distant, 1-3
. long, the bn usualy 2-5 mm. long,
sometimes 1 em. long: the spikelets appear-
—(W0OO0D-GRASSES.)—-Moist woods, sw
awe and iw banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— (IF. I.,
Mex. ys
31. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. Our species coarse, often succulent, annuals,
with compressed leaf-sheaths, no ligule, linear flat blades and rather compact
panicles composed of short densely flowered racemes along a m pike-
ets plano-convex, often stiffly hispid, subsessile, solitary or in irregular clus-
ters on one side of the panicle-branches; first glume not over half the length
of the spikelet; second glume and sterile lemma equal, pointed, mucronate,
or the side short-awned and the lemma long-awned, sometimes Ws cn d
so, inelosing a membranaceous palea and sometimes a staminate flower; fertile
lemma een -pointed, the margins inrolled below, flat above, fa aoe of
POACEAE 83
the palea not inclosed.—Ten species, natives of the tropieal and temperate
regions of both hemispheres.
Spikelets mostly in pairs, evenly imbricate in 3 or 4 rows on one
side of the rachis, abruptly .pointed. 1. E. colona.
SERE tne irregularly crowded in the spike-like scarcely 1-sided
ches,
Leaf-sheaths smooth. .
Sterile floret neuter. 2. E. Crus-galli.
Sterile floret staminate. 3. E. paludigena.
Leaf-sheaths, at least the lower ones, hispid or scabrous: ` .
pa anic ea P dense mass of long-awned spikelets. 4, E. Walteri.
1. E. colona (L.) L nk, kr eompressed, branching at the more or less
decumbent base, as mu 80 cm. E Pu binder about 5 mm. wide, some-
times barred with pu E -brown:
usually 5—10, E red nearly “their
ngth on stric spikelets
, Mex., C. A.,
rus-galli (L.) Beauv. Stem usually
L
es
er Fla. to S Calif., Mo.,
( S. A.)
(
RASS. )—-Waste-places, fields, and moist ground, eee the U. S. and S
Can n—(Eu., W. I., oe pe A., a —An exotice form, E. Crus-galli edulis,
2 mm. ong.—(JAPANESE BARNYARD-MILLET. BILLION- reed RASS.)—Was
places, various provinees, Ala. to Tex. and Conn.—(ZE. I.)—Occasionally "a
for forage.
E. paludigena Wiegand. Stems eld net ee 1 to 1.5 m. tall:
ae icles narrow, 20-30 cm. long: racem endi ostly simple: sterile
floret staminate.—Ditches, marshes, and d. lace ‘often in shallow water,
pen. Fla.
. Walteri (Pursh) Heller. Stem 1-2 m. tal : ligule none: awns 2—4 em.
long —Wet d v ome and ponds, various Pi iu Fla. to Tex., Wis.,
and Mass.— (W. I., Mez.) —Exceptional spec- i
imens have glabrous or scabrous sheaths, E. | ii "
sh. |
longiaristata Na
. 92. TRICHOLAENA Schrad. Peren-
nials with rather open panieles of silky spike-
lets pikelets on short capillary pedicels;
first glume minute, villous; second glume and
sterile lemma equal, raised on a stipe above
the first glume, short-awned from a notched
p
with long silky hairs, - in a of the oni
lemma well developed; fertile Jemma shorter
than the spikelet, pa M boat-shaped,
obtuse, the margins thin, not inrolled.—Fifteen species, natives of Africa.
84 POACEAE
. T. rosea Nees. A short-lived perennial: stem slender, about 1 m. tall, the
base often decumbent; leaf-sheaths sparsely papillose-hirsute: blades flat, 2—5
mm. wide: panicles rosy purple, 10-15 em. fong, the branches slender, ascend-
ing: o about 5 mm. long, the Pr pedicels flexuous o urved.—
(NATAL-GRASS. )—Prairies, Im old fields, and roadsi s , Fla. Nat. of
Afr.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—For nob eult. for hay, now very abundant
in sandy fields, groves, i pinelands, p on roadsides. Seeds E and
spreads rapid!
33. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. Annuals or pen with narrow bristly
terminal panieles, these dense and spike-like or so loose and open
Spikelets subtended by 1 to several bristles (sterile eae), deciduous,
falling free from the bristles; first glume broad, usually less than half the
length of iue spikelet, 3- to 5-nerved; second glume and sterile lemma equal,
r the former shorter, several-nerved; fertile lemma coriaceous-indurate, smooth
or rugose. [Setaria Beauv., not Achar.]—Sixty-five species, most abundant
in the tropical and warm-temperate parts of both hemispheres.—FoxTAIL-
GRASSES. BRISTLY FOXTAIL-GRASSES. PIGEON-GRASSES.
Plant annual.
Bristles retrorsely scabrous. 1. C. verticillata.
Bristles antrorsely scabrous.
Bristles 5-12 at the base of each spikelet : panicle cylin-
drie, yellow. 2. C. lutescens.
Bristles 1-3 at the base of each spikelet.
Second glume distinctly shorter than the spikelet.
Leaf blades pilose. 3.. C. hispida.
Leaf- m Scabrous but not pilose. 4. C. corr ugata.
Second glume about as long as ms Spibelee (a little
"ie sometimes in C. itali
Fertile lemma smooth and shining: : plant robust,
the panicle usually 2-5 cm. in diameter 5. C. magna.
Fertile lemma more or less roughened or wrinkled,
{omalle forms often purple). 6. C. italica.
Fruit mer disarticulating, the Spikelets falling
entir 1. C. viridis.
Plant perennial
ns 8-12 at the base of each spikelet. 8. C. geniculata.
tles 1-3 at the base of each spi ikelet. 9. C. macrosperma.
1. C. E RI e ibn. Stem 0.3-0.6 m. tall: leaf-blades flat, 7—18
em. long, 6— = , scabrous on both surfaces: panicle 5-10 cm. long,
compact or erm pes e and lobed to-
e
ward base: iru 2-2.5 mm. long, the
bristles flexuous, 3—6 mm. long. [S. verti-
e Beauv.]—Cult. grounds and mn
places, E U. S. and SE Can. Nat. of E
hare. in the S States.—(W. I., Mez., C. p L)
2. C. ee A Stuntz. Stem as
mueh a Fi b, ice branehed and de-
mben p af-blades linear-lanceo-
B s en twisted in a half inh
panicle - em. ee seldom mor le
e na above
irds e i
fertile lemma. [C. glauca (Fl. SE. U. 8.)]—(YELLOW-FOXTAIL. PIGEON-
GRASS. )—Fields, ics 7 ds and woods, various provinces, U. $.
ez.)
and S Can. Nat.o —(W. I
POACEAE |. 85
3. C. hispida Scribn. & Mer Stem as much E m. e ee dae at base:
ie sheaths sparsely o -pilose: blades 4 e: panicle m
ong, the axis villous: spikelets about 2 mm. d. "Shell mounds, Mare
Island, S Fla.—(Cuba.)
4. C. corrugata (Ell) Seribn. Stem as much as 1 m. tall, usually ae
and decumbent at base: leaf-blades 3-6 mm. wide: pan icles 5- a long,
5-10 mm. in diameter, e ipu of a brist tles, the mdi is villou | pese
about 2 mm. long, the bristles 5-15 mm. long: fertile lemma mm ee -rugose.
ss 4 corrugata Se Schult.]—Fields and sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
(W. I.)
magna (Griseb.) Scribn. y Stout, iin as much = 4 m. tall: leaf-
sheaths keeled, pei or scabrous: blades as much as 3 cm. wide, scabrous:
p. nicles as much as 40 em. long, poo bas ow, ae ndr panieles
scarey sometimes. not ue long: E elets about 2 mm. long, t
bristle 8-11 long, ae tawn [S. magna Griseb. } Marshes,
iind and dies Coastal Plain, Fla. to ee and N. J.—(W. C. A.)
: C. € (L.) Seribn. Stem as much as 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades A md
s 3 em. wide: panicle as much as 20 cm. long. Cult. for forage. eaped
in fi elds and waste places, such specimens nel much dne z the panicles
l often purple. [S. italica Beauv.]—(CoMMON-MILLET. HUNGARIAN-GRASS.)—
Cult. grounds, roadsides, waste-places, and Jom various ieri Fla. to
Tex., Calif, Minn., and Que Nat. of Eura
7. C. viridis E Seribn. Stem usually less than 0.6 m. tall: leaf- blades not
twisted (as in C. lutescens): panicle green, tapering at summit, ch a
10 em. long: s ikelets 2 mm. long, the bristles 7-12 mm. long: second Sons
i sterile lemma equal, covering the s triate faintly wrinkled fertile lemma.
I5. viridis Beauv. ien eee Fi elds and waste-places throughout
. S. and S Can f Eu.—(W. I., Mex., C. A.)— uid ambigua,
is d on ballast at "Mobile ; Ala., diste: S from C. viridis in the scabrous, not
villous axis of the panicle; “the spikelets P DIG those of C. verticillata.
8. C. geniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & =- Stem compressed, as much as 1 m.
tall, usually tufted and decumbent at base, from short knotty rootstocks:
leaf- sheaths glabrous: blades r at apex, often with long hairs on
upper surface near age panicle cylindric, dense, not tapering. at either end,
2-10 cm. long, Un 8 mm. in diameter, exclusive of bristles, the rachis pubescent:
spikelet s 2—3 m m the bristles horizontally spreading, as much as 10 mm
long or sometimes scarcely longer than the spikelets, yellow or purplish: first
glume one-third as long as the spikelet: second glume half to two-thirds as
long as the spikelet: fertile lemma finely transversely rugose. [C. imberbis
Seribn. C. versicolor Bickn. C. occidentalis Nash C. purpurascens Seribn. &
Merr. S. imberbis Roem. & Schult. S. na tale: Chapm. S. perennis Hall]—
Pinelands, ee hillsides, swamps, a oadsides, various provinees, Fla.
to S Calif, and Con —(W. I., Mevs., C. 1. 8. 4.)
. Macrosperma Seribn. & Merr. Stem stout, 0.6-1.2 m. tall: ee peed
glabrous compressed, the margins ciliate: blades 10-30 cm. long,
panicles as much as 30 em. long and 5 em. wide, tapering sd "the
e:
Hess bristles 1.5-3 em. long: fertile ae “finely transversely undulate-
wrinkled.—Hammocks, shell-mounds, and swamps, Fla.—(W. I.)
id barbata E H. & C., a weak-stemmed annual, with plaited m =
. wide, tapering az each a and narrow panicles of numerous 13 ale r
m been eollected at Miami, Fla. Introd. from trop. Asia.—(W.
C. rariflora (Mikan) H. & C., a perennial with flat blades mostly more than 5
mm. wide, pale narrow rather loosely preaches panicles, tapering to a slender
POACEAE
86
summit, [C. caudata p has been eolleeted on ballast at Mobile, Ala.
Nat. of S. A.—(W. I., Mex., S. A.)
PENNISETUM L. C. Rich. Annuals or perennials, often branched
itary or in groups of 2 or
Spikelets solitary or in g
34.
with dense spike-like terminal panieles
3 surrounded by an involuere of slender bristles, these not united except at the
very base, often plumose, falling attached to the spikelets; glumes shorter than
the sterile and fertile lemmas; fertile lemma chartaeeous, smooth, the margin
thin, enclosing the palea.—Fifty species, natives of the tropical regions
Bristles, at nas 29r exceeding the spikelets, the large caryopsis dde througn
ucum.
2. P. setosum.
the lemma and pal
Bristles much exceeding the spikelets, the earyopsis remaining within
or even more:
e lemma and p
Lr: A e R. Br. oru pipe 1-3 m. tal
blades 40 em. long and 4 em. wide: panicle pod dis dense, ie
like, ER 10- —30 em. long, 1-1. 5 cm. in ee
diameter bic pci spicata Willd.]— QOO Ad
(PEARL-MILLET.)—Cult. grounds and road- SR Pa
E various va utt dos to Md. DE coe
Nat. of Afr.—Cult. for for IPM SN
OR EL ES
2. P. setosum (Swartz) L. C. Rieh. Stem Soc?
1-1.5 m. tall: leaf- bs 5-10 mm. wide: do VUE :
paniele 10—15 = ong, Ns rng above, CANE ET :
usually purple: er bristles about as long Sg aD
as spikelets, dins inner ; bristle es ee N bs FEE C!
densely silky-plumose on lower par Pei
a = the others: spikelets ee 3 Wee
mm. long.—Sandy soil, S Fla.—(W. I. AU
. 4. ) HE
flat
M ez., P As
35. CENCHRUS L. Low branching annuals or perennials, with
u urs. Spikelets solitary or
sed of several
and thick, articulate at ing w the s
in ours retrorsely bar Pu S cn -five species, in warm
most abundant in America.—SAND-BURS. BUR-GRASSES.
few together, surroun
coaleseing bristles (sterile penis the bur ie dan
with spik Fac en
re
SAND-SPURS.
SPURS.
Involucral lobes united below: stem compressed, branched, the branches usually de-
I. TRIBULOIDES.
II. MIO ODE
cumbent and spreading.
Involueral lobes united at the base only: stem terete
RIBULOIDES
Involucre with a ring of slender bricties at base.
Burs ree E bristles not over 4 mm. wide, numerous,
crow es ~ a long spike; lobes of the involucre inter-
locking 1. C. viridis.
Burs excluding bristl -7 mm. wide, not densely crowded ;
s of the inv pcre erect. 2. C. echinatus.
involucre witli ee spreading spines, no ring of slender
bristles at
stems rather slender and
plants per-
Burs eaperne ers base, ovate:
iry, fs ascending or erect, 30-60 cm. tall:
a
POACEAE 87
Eu ca spines relatively few, usually 2-4 mm.
3. C. incertus.
Buse gl labrous: spines numerous, 4-6 mm. long. 4. C. gracillimus.
Burs udi E aet Et mu ue spines AET stems
ng: plants a .
Burs 7-8 mm. wide, finely pubescent. 5. C. pauciflorus.
Burs 10-15 m m. wide, densely woolly : E des usu- . .
ally included at base in the inflated sheaths. 6. C. tribuloides.
II. MYOSUROIDES E
A stout glaucous woody perennial. 7. C. myosuroides.
1. C. Meas Spreng. Stem erect or spreading, 30-50 cm. tall: leaf-blades
lax, 6-12 mm. wide: spike about 10 em. long—Hammocks, fields, and waste-
places, S Fla — (W. I., Mez., C. A.,
echinatus L. Stem UM em. pur d
blade flat and thin, 5-10 mm. wide: spik
ually 5-7 em. long.— (Hepes HOG- ies)
Spinola nds, hammocks, coastal sand-dunes,
fields, and waste- n- Coastal Plain and V
adj. Mr Fla. to N. Mex. and 8. C.— IAN,
(W. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A.) ff NN
ncertus M. A. Curtis. Leaf. blades SA
em
at base. —Sandy soil, pinelands, woods, and
dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and
N. C.
4. C. Pd Nash. In dense A ee is leaf- ws Rari stiffly ae
usually 2-3 mm. wide: spike often long-exserted, . long: burs usually
few, the ae slender —BSandy soil, pinelands n poete dunes, Fla. and
Ala.—(W. I.)
5. C. dro Bent th. Ste m 20- 60 em. long: nee n am mm. wide:
spike 3-8 ¢ : burs usually 6-12, sometimes more, the spines 3-4 mm.
long. [C. t vibuloides (Fl. SE. U. S. Yes —Sandy soil, "rondsides ee grounds,
Lr i us stal ds various provinces, Fla. to Calif. and Me.—(W. I.,
, €. A., 8S. A.)
: bd pog ocu = MET C. paucifiorus: plant more robust, the trailing
much as long. [C. macrocephalus Seribn.]—Sandy cu
qe Plain, Fla. » La. and Long Id. N. Y.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
7. C. myosuroides H. B. K. Stem ind ae ien at base, branching,
1-1.5 m. E B 5-20 em. long: bur ow, numerous, contiguous: spike-
lets about 5 mm. long. [Cenchropsis "myosuroides Nash | andy soil, ea
grounds, ne tenchas Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Tex—(W. I., "Mex
C. Á., s. A.)
C. san cei a a spre inne annual with stems up to 1 long, its
ur , 2. flowered, the lobes sd at the base only, the flat erect
inner- dobes deus ciliate, has been collected on ballast at Mobile, Ala
36. STENOTAPHRUM Trin. Creeping stoloniferous perennials, with
short flowering stems, rather b and short obtuse leaf-blades, and terminal
and axillary racemes. Spikelets imbedded in one side of an enlarged and
flattened articulate rachis: first glume small: second glume and iue lemma
88 POACEAE
about dias the latter with a palea or stami-
nate flow fertile lemma chartaceous.—
Five Eee except the following, on the
islands of the Pacific Ocean.
l. S. secundatum (Walt.) a Ps
tall: pe? pen usually Ei than 15 em.
long, 4-10 wide: mes em
5-10 :
long. mi Puy Schran k]—(ST. Av-
GUSTINE-GRASS. di NING CRAB-GRASS.)—
Moist loamy or ee soil, mostly on or
near beaches, cee Plain, Fla. to p. ex.
nd S. ae
W. I., Mety C. A., S. A., O. W.)
—Commonly cult. for lawns in Y. States,
inna in Fla.
37. AMPHICARPON Kunth. Erect annuals or perennials, with stiff
flat blades and narrow terminal panicles. Spikelets of two kinds on the same
plant, one in a terminal panicle, perfect but not fruitful, the id oid
gamous on slender leafless subterranean branehes from the base of t
sometimes also from the lower nodes: first glume of the aerial en
variable in size, sometimes obsolete: second glume and sterile lemma about
equal; lemma and palea indurate, the margins of the lemma thin and flat:
fruiting spikelets much larger, first glume wanting: second glume and sterile
lemma strongly nerved, subrigid, exceeded at maturity by the cae elliptic
acuminate fruit with strongly indurate lemma and palea, the margins of the
lemma thin and flat: stamens with small anthers on short eee
species, confined to the eastern United States.
Blades conspicuously dps 5 A. Amphicarpon.
Blades glabrous or nearly s . A. floridanum.
A. Amphicarpon (Pursh.) Nash. Annual: stem erect, 30—80 em. tall, the
leaves crowded toward the base: leaf-blades erect, 10-15 em. long, 5-15 mm.
wide, sharp-po om panicle narrow, 3-20
g: spikelets elliptic, 4—5 lo
subterranean spikelets 7-8 mm. long, plu
. long, plump.
[ A. ae Kunth]—Sandy pinelands,
Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. J. (Ga., accord-
ing to Ghee n.)
2. A. n E Chapm. eae stem
usually decumbent at base, 30-100 em. tall,
the leaves EU d along ‘the stem ; "blades
firm, white- d when At mostly less
than 10 em. long, 5-10 mm. wide: panicles
long-e Ced narrow, Pour Mun. id
lets narr rowly lanceolat e, 6-7 m lon
subterranean spikelets 6-9 mm. —Low pine-
lands, Coastal Plain, la. to S. C.
0
38. OLYRA L. Tall monoecious perennials, with broad flat leaf-blades
which are contracted into a petiole-like base, and terminal or axillary panicles.
POACEAE 89
Staminate spikelets arranged along the
panicle-branches below the summit: lemma
usually awned; palea as long as the lemma.
Pistillate spikelets terminating the main
n
the fertile lemma chartaceous-bony-indur-
ate in fruit—Twenty species, mostly natives
of tropical America.
O. latifolia L. A tall woody-stemmed
a ads perennial, I oblong i bcr
lanceolate leaf-blades as much as . Wide,
ong somewhat open panicles "10- 15 em. long, the n CR sity o
m. lo
ing or spreading, be earing one ee pistillate Spikelet a
of Tam
eral Ede along the side.—Regio mpa Bay,
—The occurrence of this mes, at least at the pee time, in n Florida
is doubtful
39. ORYZA L. Swamp annuals or perennials, often tall, with flat leaf-
blades and spikelets in open panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally com-
pressed-flattened; glumes 2, much sho | ;
he lemma, narrow: lemma rigid,
keeled, 3-nerved, sometimes awned: palea
similar to the lemma, narrower, keeled but
with no midnerve on the back, 2-nerved
close to the margins.—Seven apas mostly
of the Old World tropics.
1. O. sativa L. Stem erect, 50-100 em
tall: panicles 10—30 em. long, the branches
erect below drooping eA T =
e 2
2
mm. long, oblong, hispid
less.—(RıcE.)—Wet pla ae cu one me-
times escaped, though SN pin ne
yee ye on the Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. Nat. of trop. Asia.—
(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
40. HOMALOCENCHRUS Meig. Perennials, usually with creeping roo
stocks, flat scabrous leaf-blades and usually open panicles, the spikelets dnd
sessile along one side of the branchlets. Spikelets 1-flowered, strongly com-
pressed laterally: glumes wanting: lemma chartaceous, broad, oblong, boat-
shaped, usually 5-nerved, the lateral pair of nerves close to the ma en these
and the keel often hispid-eiliate, the intermediate nerves som fain
palea as long as the lemma, much narrower, usually 3-nerved, the keel a
hispid-ciliate, nd lateral nerves close to the margins, elosely held by the mar-
gins of the lemma: stamens 6 or fewer. [Leersia Sw.]—Ten species, of tropi-
eal and S repre Ea
Spikelets broadly oval, 3-4 m au 1. H. lenticularis.
Spikelets elliptic, not over 1. E mm. ,
Panicle narrow, the branches Banaue: 2. H. hexandrus.
POACEAE
90
Panicle open, the branches Eo spreading.
Spikelets glabrous, about 2 mm. long: stems tufted, erect :
rootstocks wanting 3. H. monandrus.
Spikelets fies dulous: stems decumbent at base: root-
. H. LAE
Stocks presen
Lower branches of panicle Sew at the node.
e than one at the node. 5 H. oryzoides
Lower branches of panicle
. H. lenticularis (Miehx.) Kuntze. Stem about 100 em. tall, n rather
dad Qu ern sheaths somewhat 2 SEM scabrous: blades very sca-
bro —20 vide: panicle 10-20
e few | nic spreading spike le i
cae pos the ends. [L. lenticularis
Miehx. ]—Ma arshes, mp and oe ees
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and
S. C.
H. uo ad. (L.) Kuntze. Stem slen-
B
n
and root at the base, with slender scaly
rootstocks: ee blade Ho erect, s
not over 5 paniele mostly less
than 10 em. dong, Ae ac spikelets
about 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide. [L. heg-
andra ee ce Ser and ponds,
I., Mez.,
3. H. monandrus (Sw.) Kuntze. Stem e oo i 50-100 em.
tall: leaf- o erect, slender, 2-5 uh. ards the base:
paniele 5—15 em. long, the capillary brane. Sp below: spikelets
ide. [L monandra Sw.|—Rocky woods and a. ‘Goastal Plain, Fla.
to E Tex.—(W. I., S. A.)
4. H. umi wina.) Britton. Stem 50—100 em. long, erect from an often
straggling or mbent base with densely imbricate- scaly rootstocks: leaf-
blades n rather short, mostly ee 10 mm. wide: panicle 5-20 em. long:
spikele 3-4 long, T 1.5 wide. [L. virginica Willd.]— ( WHITE-
— Moist od. meadows, stream-banks and low pinelands, various pro-
o Tex., Minn., and
Stem 100—150 em. tall, with slender, d sealy
f
Fla. to Tex. and N.
GRASS n
vinces, Fla.
H. nee (L.) Poll.
blades very rough, ,5 m.
ng, 1.5 Side. L.
rootstocks: Tc En retrorsely scabrous:
wide: d e 10—20 em. long: spikelets about 5 mm. lon m.
oryzoides E — Marshes and wet places, often in zones be. E various
|» provinces, PA o Tex., S Calif., Wash., and Newf.—(ZEurasia.)
41. HYDROCHLOA Beauv. A slender branching monoecious aquatic,
: staminate flowers in a small few-flow-
in
leaves float
E M pen the
ered terminal raceme: pistillate ee i g
Pier ean racemes in the axils of the ; E
es. Spikelets 1-flowere staminate #2
spikelets with a thin 7-nerved a, 2- TX
nerved palea, and 6 stamens, the glumes 1 Ei
wanting: Be bl with a thin 8
3-nerved s and 5-nerved lemma,
the first Mii |n pM wanting, the stig-
ng and slender. Mic) a only by
s long and
is following specie
e H: e ba ES -blades 1-5
em. long, 1-5 m inate spikelets
5 mm. long: pistillate EE about 2-5 mm. long.
[H. fluitans (Fl. SE.
POACEAE 91
U. $.)]—In water, lakes, ponds, and river-shores, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
and Md.
42. LUZIOLA Juss. Creeping low or delicate monoecious od als,
with narrow flat blades and terminal and axillary panicles. Spi s l-flow-
ered, the staminate and pistillate flowers in separate panicles: pus glume
and palea wanting: second glume and lemma about equal, thin, several- to
many-nerved, lanceolate or oblong: stamens several: stigmas long, plumose.
Grain free, globose, smooth.—Six species, mostly in tropical America
eei Ed oroi about 2 mm. long: staminate and pistillate inflorescences
n the same 1. L. peruviana.
Pistillate E EOS obTon x E N 4 mm. long: staminate and
pistillate inflorescence on different shoots. 2. L. bahiensis.
1. L. peruviana J. G. Gmel. Stem tufted, decumbent or stoloniferous: blades
ascending, the pis ae oar
flexuous.—Ditches and wet places, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La—(W.1 Men. C. A., . A.)
2. L. bap d i ) A. m ee
sending ou slender S:
blades acuminate, ‘gradually Rec " “the
base, narrower the sheath, 5-20 em.
wide: pes nicle shorter than the
leaves, "e oe branches fin ally spreading
or A [L. Me di en Chapm. | —In
wa lagoons and stream-banks,
ee al Plain, Ala. ud Miss. 9 ph
43. aged Qd i Doell. & Aschers. Robust monoecious marsh peren-
nials, with stout bees rootstocks, flat leaf-blades and large open panicles.
Spikelets Hr red, the 2 kinds
same branches s the paniele, the ces
lets: lemma 3-nerved: palea wanting: sta-
mens 6: styles rather long, united: cary-
opsis obovate, free, coriaceous, smooth and
shining, beaked with the persistent style.—
Three. species, the ponowane: and two in
South America.
1. Z. amend (Michx.) Doell & Aschers.
Stem as 1 as 4 m. tall, the rootstocks 74 |
Seet ‘with pone overlapping scales: leaf-blades as much as 1 m. long and 3
em. wide, the aed e xs pithy, the margins ie doi paniele as
‘much as 60 em. spikelets 5-8 mm ania miliacea Michx.]—
(WATER-MILLET. joa (ed c and moist us Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex., Okla. and Va.
44. ZIZANIA [Gronov.] L. Tall monoeeious aquatie annuals; ours with
flat blades, and large terminal panicles, the staminate spikelets pendulous on the
92 POACEAE
lower spreading branches, early deciduovs, the pistillate erect on the appressed
upper branches, tardily deciduous. boss el ets 1-flowered; first glume of stami-
nate spikelet wanting, the second ved, me eibeanaecous, linear-acuminate or
awn-pointed; lemma about as inm as the glume, 3-nerved; palea wanting;
stamens 6: pistillate spikelet terete, €
at maturity; glumes wanting: lemma char-
taceous, 3-nerved, tapering into a long ne
der awn; palea 2-nerved, closely clasped by
the lemma. Grain cylindric, as much as
em. long.—Three species, one in Asia, two
in North America.
1
much as 3 m. tall: leaf-blades much a
1 m. long and 4 cm. wide: panicle 20-30 em
long.— (INDIAN RICE. WILD-RICE.)—Marshes,
n or braekish water, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., N. D., and "Vt.
45. PHARUS L. Monoccious perennials, with ample panicles and large
oblique long-petiolate feather-veined leaf-blades with numerous e the
petioles twisted, reversing the leaf. Spikelets in pairs on the tiff fragile
branches of the panicle; pistillate, subsessile; the staminate Fi smaller,
pedicellate. Glumes in the staminate spikelets membranous, somewhat broad-
ened, the first a little pelis the second
longer than the lemma, enelos a flower
but no palea: in the pistillate po the
glumes membranous, d -nerved, subequal,
the lemma longer than the glumes, narrow,
at length du e clothed at least
toward the beaked apex, with uncinate hairs,
Five species, natives of tropical America.
1. P. parvifolius Nash. A iQ Te and
rooting at"base, 50—100 e ees leaf-blades S eu pod acuminate,
narrowed into a d 1-3 c m. long, the middle s 12-15 long, about
4 em. wide: spikelets 8-10 mm. long: fruit “pubescent “ail over, eden twice as
long as the glumes.—Rocky hammo cks, N pen W. I., Mex
P. latifolius, a tropical American species, eat y to the flora of
Florida, does not occur in our range.
46. PHALARIS L. Erect annuals or perennials, with flat blades. Spike-
lets laterally compressed, with one terminal perfect floret and 2 lateral sterile
emmas, articulate above the glumes, arranged in usually dense’ spike-like
panicles; glumes equal, boat-shaped, often winged on a ne keel; sterile lemmas
reduced to 2 small scales ird only one): fertile lemma coriaceous, shorter
than the glumes, enclosing the faintly 2-nerved palea.—Twenty species, natives
of temperate Europe and i ento
(D
POACEAE | 93
Plant perennial, with stout creeping rootstocks: panicles contracted but somewhat
lobed or interrupted. 1. P. arundinacea.
Plant annual: panicles ovoid to linear, dense. . .
Glumes broadly winged: panicle ovoid. 2. P. canariensis.
Glumes wingless or nearly so: panicles oblong to linear. 3. P. caroliniana.
1. P. arundinacea L. Stem erect, usually 100—150 em. tall: panicle in anthe-
sis rather open PR em. long, pale: spikelets nee about 5 mm. long.—
( REED CANARY-GRA SS.)— Wet soil swamps,
and as o ede e :
and Ky. to Kan. Ariz. B. C., and N. 8.
E Rn canariensis L. Stem rad less
tall: E 2-3 cm. long:
spikelets broadly obov 5-6 mm. long:
glumes white w green veins, the keel en-
tire: “Fertile nr. bro . (CA (NARY-GRASS.)
—Waste-places, eons ete ec Fla. to
Ariz., Wash., and N. S. Nat of Eu.—Rare
within our limits. (W. I., Mex.)
3. P. caroliniana Walt. Stem 30-100 cm
tall: Teny ellipsoid to linear, 1-6 em. lon ng:
spikelets 5—6 mm. long, rather abru tly nar- SH
rowed to an acute apex, the keel i ous and argui winged above from
below the middle, the lateral nerves about midway between keel an E Aud ee
fertile lemma ovate, aeute, densely villous, about 4 mm. lon ng. [P.i neds
Bosc.]—Moist soil, coastal sands, borders of woods, prairies, and jud
Coastal Plain and RU EE provinces, Fla. to Tex., S Calif., Mo., and Md.—
` (Mez.
47. ANTHOXANTHUM L. Sweet-smelling annuals or perennials, with
flat blades and spike-like panicles. Spikelets with 1 terminal perfect floret and
2 lateral sterile un articulate above the glumes; glumes unequal, acute or
mucronate; sterile lemmas shorter than the glumes, empty, awned. from the
ack; fertile lemma shorter than the sterile ones, awnless; palea 1-nerved,
rounded on the back, enclosed in the lemma. —Four species, of Europe and Asia.
1. A. odoratum L. Perennial, the plant Mets fragrant in drying: stems tufted,
30-60 em. tall: panicle 3-8 cm. long, tapering above: spikelets brownish green,
0 mm. long, the sterile leanne and it
golden-brown.—( a RASS.
Meadows, pastures, woods, roadsides, and
waste-places, m throughout N. A.,
common southward. Nat. of Eu.—(W. L)
—A. aris
differing in being annual, has been found in
Fla. and Miss.; it also occurs in the NE
| States.
Torresia odorata (L.) A. Hitchce., ind
e A E Lena in whieh the low
er are nate, is recorded by
URS from poe le, N. C. Stems
30-60 em. long: spikelets bronze- oe 3-
flowered, the terminal floret perfec e 2
S. staminate. [Savastana E Seribn. Hierochloa borealis Roem. &
ras nd News -GRASS. HOLY-GRASS. ce QE ues N. J. to Colo.,
e and
POACEAE
48. ARISTIDA L. Mostly low or moderately tall annuals or perennials,
with narrow often convolute leaf-blades and narrow or sometimes open panicles.
Spikelets 1-flowered, the ieee inte Mond s: the glumes; glumes
narrow, acute, acuminate or awn-tipped; lem indurate, narrow, terete, con-
b
volute, with a pointed usually minutely buio eallus at
One hundred and fifty species, of the warmer
WIRE-GRASSES.
above in a usually trifid a
parts of the ics. GRASSES. POVERTY-GRASSES.
Lemma articulate with the column of the awns: awns nearly
ase, emn a
qual. I. TUBERCULOSAE.
Lemma not articulate.
Lateral awns minute (less than 1 mm.) or wan II. TERNIPIDES.
Lateral awns usually well de doped. (reduced i Pis 'dicho-
tom
III. DICHOTOMAE.
Centr aL awn coiled at base: plants annual.
Central awn not spirally coiled (sometimes all the awns
loosely contorted in the lower part).
. OLIGANTHAE.
Plants annual.
Plants n ial.
C OPOHI the branches spreading, naked at
Am V. DIVARICATAE.
Panicle narrow, the branches ascending or ap-
pressed. VI. STRICTAE.
I. TUBERCULOSAE
Tufted annual with involute leaf-blades: panicles with the
1. A. tuberculosa.
numerous long bristle-like awns spreading in all directions.
NIPIDES
Ti, RN
Tufted erect perennial with wiry stems, long leaf-blades and
open panicles nearly half the length of the plant.
III. DICHOTOMAE
Glumes about equal, mostly 5-7 mm. long; straight portion of
the central awn uu 2 mm. long; lateral awns short,
searcely 2 mm. long, e
Glumes Unc qual the Sod longer, 10-15 mm. long ; straight
portion of the central awn about 10 mm. long.
IV. O HAE
Central awn horizontally spreading or reflexed, much longer
Nori a lateral.
mm. long, with a semi-circular or S-
napa ‘bend at base.
Ce n 2e awn about 10 mm. long, merely spreading or re-
Cantal nen AE (or spreading in A. intermedia), about
2. A. ternipes.
A. dichotoma.
4. A. Curtissii.
5. A. ramosissima.
6. A. longespica.
as long as the others.
Glumes 20- 30 mm. long; awns 4-7 cm. long. 7T. A. oligantha.
Glumes not over "10 mm. long; awns not over 2.5 cm. long. 8 A. intermedia.
V. DIVARICATA
Erect stiff perennial with long leaves and large open few-
flowered panicles with spreading branches 9. A. patula.
VI. STRI
a o fruit 1.5-3 cm. long, slender, Pad. "anis con-
10. A. spiciformis.
Neck ‘Of fruit sometimes aoe but not long and slender.
Sheaths more or E lanos 11. A. lanosa.
Sheaths not lano
First glume E to % as long as second. 12. A. gyrans.
First glume nearly as long as the second or longer.
Leaf-blades E de densely villous on up-
per surface near bas 18. A. stricta.
Leaf- blades. flat or A involute, not densely vil-
t bas
Sena aa hori zontally spreading or reflexed
by a TEAT bend.
POACEAE 95
Lateral awns erect.
Glum n 6 nun s 14. A. virgata.
Glumes 12 mm. lon 15. A. palustris.
Patre i Aum P or reflexed.
Glumes 6- ong; spikelets mostly
in pairs. 10. A. simpliciflora.
Glumes 10 mm. long; spikelets solitary. 17. A. Mohrii.
Central awn with no E TA bend ; all awns
spir
r
First glume longer than the second: m
n pubescent on Vitus Short (0.5
long us. 18. A. purpurascens.
First glume ey shorter than the second:
fru ously sis cent on the slender
ong) c
Panicle slender. the Toae short, rather .
distant, few-flowere 19. A. tenuispica.
Panicle rather mone the branches as
uch as 10 cm. long, rather densely
many-flow ered. 20. A. condensata.
1. A. tuberculosa Nutt. Stem 20-50 em. tall: panicle 10-20 cm. long: glumes
equal, 2 em. long, awned: lemma 15 mm. long, the neck about 1 cm. long, the
e andy soil, pinelands,
sand-dunes, and gravelly fields, near t
coast, Coastal Plain, New ast
and Great Lake Lowland, Ga. to Miss.,
Minn., and Mass.—( Mez.)
2 A. ternipes Cav. Stem ee em. tall:
Fla. ; ; also in N. M. and Ariz.—(W. I., Mex.,
C. A., S. A.)
3. A. dichotoma Michx. Stem slender, much branched at base, 20—60 em.
tall: pe narrow, 5-7 em. long, 2 Ais ape short, appressed, bearing 1 or
2 spikelets: lemma about a S long as second glum e. —Dry open grounds, road-
sides, barrens, woods, and fields, various pio aie Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Me.
4. A. Curtissii (A. Gr Nash. Resembles A. dichotoma: second glum
ay) e 10-
. long, the first shorter: lemma shorter than the second glume, the lateral ae
12 mm
awns just about reaching its summit: straight portion of central awn about 10
mm. long.—Sterile open grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Okla., Wyo., and
Md.
A. rpg | Enge lm. a spreading, 30-60 cm. tall: panicle usually
| a d to a ra 5-10 cm. long: aed oe on short pedicels:
n unequal, the second poro about 2 long: lateral Logs short or
inute.—Sterile open oe and sandy pines various provinces, La. to
Okla., Ia., Ind., and Ten
6. A. longespica Poir. Stem slender, 15—50 em. tall: panicle narrow and strict,
the branches short and appressed, bearin ng 1 im 2 spikelets, the lower branches
distant: E qn ie n m mm. ong, | nep as long as the lemma:
central a 8-15 m Apt ral 2-6 mm. long. [A. gracilis Ell. |—
Sterile ee ground, ae: ficlds, and dry ps various provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Mo., and N. H.
7. A. oligantha Miehx. Stem 30-60 em. tall: panicle few-flowered, nearly
simple, the pedicels or branchlets short: glumes somewhat unequal, awned:
lemma 3-nerved, 2 cm. long, narrowed into a short beak, the three awns diver-
ò
“tee
96 . | POACEAE
gent, finally horizontally spreading or dA pata spirally ales Es
ase.—Dry 2. soil, various provinces, Fla. ; S. D., and Mass.
Ore. and Cal
8. A. inte rmedia Seribn. & Ball. a A, V dq eel stem slender, 30-
80 em. tall: panicle ed em. long: glumes 7-9 m aa ng: awns all spread-
ing, the central 18-99 m. long, the en 14-17 mm. long.—Dry soil, b
ND sandy bottom TERM Coastal Plain and Central "Lowland, Miss. to Tex
Nebr., and Ind.
9. n patula Chapm. ME pue. 100—150 em. pon d m d flat,
as much as 60 cm. lon wide: panicle as . long, the
branches naked below: eus ed 2-3 em. ed © Pinelands e pea dunes,
pen. Fla.
10. A. dare uda Ell Stem stiffly erect, 40—100 cm. tall: panicle dense m
spike- like, 10-20 em. long: glumes unequal, the first about half a Spe
the second, the seca about 1 em. ine, both d -awned: lemma ree o mm.
long: awns curved at base, spreading, 2-3 cm 2 ng.—Moist ne and
serublands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—(W. I.)
11. A. lanosa Muhl. Stem erect, rather dias Ade em. tall: leaves mostly
near the po of the plant: blades flat, 2-7 wide: panicle narrow, 40-60
em. long, the branches distant, ascending, 8 A2. em. long, villous at the axils:
glumes Hte al, acuminate or shor indes d, ‘the first longer than the second,
about 15 mm. long: lemma about 1 em. long, the central awn recurved-spread-
ing, 1. a 4 em. long, the lateral pus erect or ascending. [4. lanata Poir.]
—Dry sandy soil, woods, per and roadsides, Coastal Plain and rarely adj.
provinces, Fla. to Tex , Okla. and N. J.
12. A. gyrans Chapm. Stem ed b 30-60 em. tall: leaf-blades 1 mm
wide or less: ‘panicle ain r, 10- 20 . long, the short branches distant, ap-
pressed, bearing 1 or 2 spikelets: ui fusiform, the body 4-5 mm. long,
the slender bearded tae 1.5 mm. long, the pale e neck about 1 mm. long: awns
about 1 em. long, about equally spreading.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
and Ga. .
13. A. Srita Michx. Stems tufted, erect, = 50-100 em. tall: leaf-blades
slender, firm: pan e strict, 10-30 em. long, t aes branches ciis
glumes Noi Vm unequal, the second s dent p A Dg: pin about
7-9 mm, long, iin ds hispidülo ous toward t A aa
(WIRE-GRASS.)—Sandy pinelands and BERN Coastal "Plain, Pla. to Miss.
14. A. virgata Trin. Stem slender, 50-80 em. tall: leaf-blades flat, 1-2
wide, bec ones involute toward the tip: panicle slender, the Eurus i
distant: glumes about 7 mm. long; lemma flattish: central awn 15— Qe m. lon ns:
Ape spreading, the la teral awns more s a. C p as ee as
entral. [A. Chapmaniana Nash]—Dry pinelands and Te n 1
Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. J.
15. A. pn Ree. Vasey. Stem ie stout, 100—150 cm. tall: leaf-
blades 2-3 m panicle strict, 20-40 em. long, the branches us
8 mm. 1
the lower 2-4 i em, poo. glumes about 1 em. done lemma about ong,
smooth: central awn spreading, 2—3 em. long, the ue ereet or ascending.
Low pinelands and shallow ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to E Tex. and N.
16. A. ipa Chapm. Stem oo erect, 30-60 cm. tall: leaf-blades
a 2s wide: paniele slender r, 10-20 cm. long, few-flowered, the spikelets
n odi rs, aue. p glumes 6-7 mm, long, awn-tipped: lemma
ü little shorter than the glumes: central awn reflexed a semicircular bend,
sical horizontally spreading, a little shorter than the central.
—Moist pine SE W Fla. and Mis
POACEAE | 97
17. A. Mohrii Nash. Resembles A. vi irgata: a pes ed to a raceme,
id Spikelets ide suc and distant along t xis: glumes 10-11
. long, glabrous: lemma terete; lateral awns ue as ln ng as the pra
ERE or reflexed. —Dry sandy pine ridges and ONDE Coastal Plain, Ala.
18. A. don dea? Poir. Stems erect, mostly in small tufts, 1 Aur
30-100 em. tall: leaf-blades flat, or becoming loosely involute, 1-2 m
paniele Hore a em. long, 2 rat er p or bei hee frst Sion Hau
1 em. long: lem a about . long, smooth: awns 15-25 mm. long, the cen-
tral ; spreading, the latera M oes Sons db yb erect or spreading. —Sandy
ns thickets, p fields and coastal sands, various provinces, Fla. i
, Wis „ and Mass.—(W. I.)
19. A. tenuispica A. Hitehe. Stem slender, 60—100 em. tall: leaf- -blades flat,
—2 mm. wide, with scattered long hairs on the upper surface: is icle slender,
the 2 appressed, eap de: distant, few-flowered: oss s equal, about
8m : lem long: awns equal, 12-15 mm. long, sp ae or
eet aos iar sed at base.—Low pine woods, pen. Fla.
20. A. Perms Chapm. Stem erect, rather s 50-100 em. tall: leaf-
blades 2-3 mm. wide: panicle compound, 15-30 e m. long, the branches pida
ing, m ae ered, as much as 10 cm. long: glumes about 8 mm. long: lem
little shorter than the glumes smooth: awns spreading, often a
urved at base, 10-15 mm. long.—Dry sandy woods, pinelands, sandhills and
Pe sands, ud Plain, Fla., Ala. and Ga.
49. STIPA L. Perennials, usually tufted and erect, with narrow leaf-
blades. Spikelets 1-flowered, articulate above the glumes, the articulation
ee leaving a bearded sharp-pointed callus at the base of the floret;
glu
membranaceous, often papery, acute, acuminate, or even aristate, long
deg unm ; lemma SN terete, firm or indurate, strongly convolute,
terminating in a usually bent and twisted prominent persistent aw
pa
enclosed in the Wed emma.—One hundred species, of ana regions
generally.—SPEAR-GRASSES. PORCUPINE-GRASSES. F'EATHER-GRASSES. DEVI
DARNING-NEEDLES.
Glumes purple below: first glume 5-nerved. 1. S. avenaceoides.
Glumes pale: first glume 3-nerved. 2. S. avenacea.
l. S. avenaceoides Nash. Stem 70—140 em. tall, naked above: leaf-blades
1 mm. wide, flat or ui panicle 10—25 em. long, the few branches capil-
lary, ascending, bearing 1 or 2 E ea f
glumes 15-20 mm. long, acuminate: lem
Abou. 1 5 cm. long, the long callus es
bearded; awn 7-10 em. long.—Dry pine-
s, Fla.
in about 1 e abruptly acute or
inate: lun br seabrous above, 8—
10 mm . long, the callus Don -felty, the neck
very short, ciliate: awn 4-7 cem. long.—
7
98 POACEAE
(BLACK OAT- a )—Rocky or sandy nes thiekets and old fields, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mich. and Mas
50. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. Low or moderately tall perennials, the
stems simple to much branched, the inflorescence a narrow or open panicle.
Spikelets 1- des glumes usually shorter than.the lemma, obtuse to acuminate
r awned, the first sometimes small, rarely obsolete; lemma membranaceous,
3- to idle) with a very short usually minutely mE ig the acute Spe
sometimes extending into a straight or flexuous mueronate only.
Eighty species, mostly in Mexico and the SW Dui States —HAIR-GRASSES.
Plant A creeping scaly rootstocks: glumes at least half as long as the
flor I. TENUIFLORAE.
Plant without creeping scaly rootstocks, but base sometimes de-
mbent and rooting.
Panicle more 2 dnd contracted, not diffuse: stems branched:
Jeaf-blades II. SCHREBERIANAE.
Panicle diffuse. the branches capillary: stems simple: leaf-
blades involute. III. EXPANSAE.
I. TENUIFLORAE
Stem erect, ultimately somewhat branched above: leaf-blades divaricate: glumes
e oad ao thin, shorter than the "body of the lemma: panicles slender, loosely
Spikelets 1.5-2 mm. m lemmas awnless or short-awned. 1. M. sobolifera.
Spikelets 3-4 mm. long: lemmas long-awned. 2. M. tenuiflora.
Stem much-branched, Boon ' spreading: leaf-blades ascending or
erect: glumes narrow, acuminate, about as long as the body
Stem glabrous below the nodes 3. M. mexicana.
Stem minutely DB below the nodes.
emma long-awned. M. umbrosa.
.. M. foliosa.
ou
Lemma inuccondte or short- awned.
CHREBERIAN
S
pne with weak stem and brnthes: leaf-blades d mostly 2-3
wide. 6. M. Schreberi.
l III. EXPANSA
EE shorter than the ae sometimes aaa glumes half
to % as long as the T. M. expansa.
Awn longer than the lemma ; ' glumes, excluding awns, less than
half as long as the lem 8. M. capillaris.
1. M. uie ie Trin. Pies d slender, 30—80 em. tall: leaf-
blades as mueh as em. long, 3— wide: paniele 5-15 em. long: glumes
a half > $55 as the acumina e o
provinces, Tenn. to Tex., Wis. N. H., and
Va.
2. M. tenuiflora (Willd. B. S. P. Ste
60—100 cm. tall: vied eae 6-18 em. ine,
wide
mostly 8 mm. wl more: panicle 10-25
em. long: glumes Bn. adnate, half to
4% as long as the floret: awn oi lem 5-
4 oret: ma
10 mm. long. [M. Willdenovii Trin.]— —Rocky
woods a dry hillsides, various provinces,
Tenn. to Ark., Wis., and Vt.
3. M. mexicana (L.) Trin. Stem 50-100
em. long, sprawling: panicle 5-15 cm. long,
the branches appressed (nc Dg i a an-
thesis ) ; spike- ike: spikelets s 2.5 " long.—Moist places, rich woods, and
prairies, various provinces, N. C. o Tex, N. D., and N. B.
POACEAE 99
3a. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. [M. glomerata Trin.] has been
reported from Statesville, N. C. (Chapm NE Its panicle is dense and the
glumes race exceeding the awnless lemm
4. M. umbrosa Seribn. Stem 30-100 em. cae p 5-15 em. long, narrow,
ie branches appress ped or ascending: glum mm. long, awn-pointed:
wn of lemma 5-15 mm. long. [M. sylvatica “Torr. ]—Moist woods, various
ce N.C.t o Tex., Minn., and N. B.
5. M. Ads Trin. Stem erect, 30—100 em. tall: panicle slender, ~
5-15 em. long: spikelets 3—4 mm. long.—Swamps, various provinces, N. C.
Ariz., Mont., and Me.
6. M. Schreberi Gmel. Stem decumbent or prostrate, slender and wiry,
diffusely branched: leaf-blades mostly 1-3 mm. wide: panicle m 20 em. long,
slender, rather lax: glumes minute, the first often wantin lemma E
2 mm. long, the awn 1-4 mm. long. [M. diffusa Willd ]— Nue. -WILL.)—
Low ground, moist woods, thickets, and cult. grounds, various provinces, Fla.
to Tex. Nebr., and N. H.—(Mez.)
7. M. expansa M Trin. Stems tufted, erect, rd em. tall: leaf-blades
flat, 2-3 mm coming involute: panicle 20-40 e . long, about half as
wide, oblong, ‘the branches ascending: lemma 4—5 mm. mum the glumes acumi-
nate, half to 24 as long, the awn usually minute. [M. trichopodes Chapm.
M. caespitosa Chapm. M. Reverchoni (Fl. SE. U.S.).]—Pinelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.
8. M. Me (Lam.) T Resembles M. expansa, but stems not so tall:
panieles more diffuse, br ede. the capillary branches somewhat flexuous and
implieate: ie: shorter (long-aw -awned in M. capillaris filipes) : awn of mise
5-15 mm. long.—(HAIR-GRASS.)—Dry pin ~ ate meadows, and stre
banks Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., nnd Mass. S.—
(W. I.)—Grows in large tufts.
51. n OO Beauv. Erect slender perennials with short
knotty rootstocks, flat blades and narrow rather few-flowered panicles. Spi
lets 1-flowered: rachilla ae ed behind
the palea a slender naked bristle;
glumes very en unequal, the first often
obsolete, the second sometimes awned;
lemma fi j
oblique cals: the apex terminating in a
long straight awn.—One species.
1. B. erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
100 em. tall: leaf-sheaths dud Eo.
hispid: blades 10-20 em. long, 1-2 ide:
iele em. lo
ong:
awn 1-2 em. long. [Muhlenbergia erecta
Schreb. Dilepyrum erectum Farwell] —
Rocky woods, various provinces, Ga. to Okla., Minn., and Newf.
100 POACEAE
52. PHLEUM L. Annuals or perennials, with erect stems, flat leaf-
blades and a dense cylindric spike-like panicle. Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally
compressed: glumes equal, ipii oii.
keeled, abruptly mucronate or awned ;
shorter than the glumes, hyaline, Ed.
truncate, 3- to 5-nerved; palea narrow,
nearly as long as the lemma.—Ten species,
in the temperate regions of both hemi-
spheres.
1. P. pratense L. Stem erect, 40-100 em.
tall, the base swollen: panicle 5-10 em.
1
1-2 mm. long.—( TIMOTHY.)—M
grounds, and waste-places, cult. and escaped,
nearly throughout N. A. Nat. of Eu.
1.58. As
(W.
ALOPECURUS L. Low or moderately tall perennials or rarely an-
53.
nuals, with flat blades and soft dense spike-like panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered,
articulate below the glumes, falling entire, strongly compressed a. glumes
equal, awnless, usually united at base, ciliate on the keel; lemma 5-nerved,
obtuse, connate at base, bearing a delicate awn from below the middle, this in-
eluded or exserted 2 or 3 times the lengt
the spikelet; palea wanting.—Twenty-five H
species, in the temperate regions of the Y
Northern Hemisphere.—FOxXTAIL-GRASSES. VIE
n
1. A. ramosus Poir. Annual; id tufted, o
much risen at the base, 20-50 em. tall: x
paniele a cm. long, slender, pale alee NE
about 2 m ee long- ciliate on the keel; 4
lemma about as long as the glumes, ns awn Vi
bent, the aa portion as long again as Y
the gl es: a s about 0.5 mm. TS
[A. geniculatus (Chapm. Fl.) (Fl. SE. U.
)] ist plaees, meadows, and cult
—M
grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Calif., Alberta, and N. J.
la. A. myosuroides Huds. has broader panicles than A. ramosus: glumes 4—5
mm. long. [A. agrestis L. —— EADOW FOXTAIL.)—Waste-placis, Atlantic and
Gulf eoasts.—Nat. of Eur
54. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Annuals or perennials, with small spikelets in
open or contracted panicles. Spikelets l-flowered: glumes awnless, usually un-
equal, the second often as long as the spikelet: lemma membranaceous, awnless:
: seed free from
the periearp.—Ninety-five species, most abundant in the warmer parts of
Ameriea.—DROPSEEDS. RUSH-GRASSES.
POACEAE
Plant zn
Plant perennial.
reeping e prese
Creeping rootstock "ninos plant tufted.
Glumes nearly equal, 2 xd than the lemm
Glumes unequal, the ond as long as the floret oe a
little shorter.
Second glume shorter th
py
Panicles open above, ana bel
Spikelets 3 mm. long or more, pur Sos. Ad ‘bronze.
I. VAGINAEFLORI
Lemma pubescent,
Lemma glabrous.
II. VIRGINICI
FaR dE narrow or spike-like: leaf-blades involute-pointed.
cond ME shorter than the floret: rootstock short and
Se
Se ond clum as long as the floret or longer:
long and branching.
Panicle open: leaf-blades conduplicate, rather lax.
rootstock
III. IND
Tufted perennials with tall virgate stems, erus long leaves,
and slender elongate panicles.
IY. ASPERI
mma ipud pilose.
Lemma glabrous
V. GUTI
Panicle-branches, c the lower, E
Panicle-branches not whorled.
VI. CRYPTAND
Tufted perennial; sheaths conspicuously pilose x ide throat.
VII. GRACILES
Panicle-branches in whorls.
nches not in whorls.
la aes narrowly involute.
-blades fla
eee appressed to the branches: leaf-blades about
Pedicels spreading: leaf-blades 2-4 mm. wide.
101
I. VAGINAEFLORI.
II. VIRGINICI.
III. INDICI.
IV. ASPERI.
ARG
CRYPTANDRT.
T GRACI
. S8. MELDE dd us.
. S. neglectus
3. S. macrus.
4. S. virginicus.
b. S. Torreyanus
6. S. Berteroanius.,
^. 8. clandestinus.
8. S. asper.
9. S. argut
10. S. dom noenee
11. S. cryptandrus.
12. S. gracilis.
13. S. teretifolius.
14. S. Curtissii.
15. S. floridanus.
1. S. vaginaeflorus (Torr.) Wood. Stem slender, erect, spreading or prostrate,
20—60 em. m Ed blades 1-2 mm.
e 2—4 em. long, partia
5 em 3:
enclos a the nflated sheaths, or the
terminal ea. er abo ut 4 mm.
long: gl acuminate, about equal: lemma
about as long as the glumes, minutely ap-
po erica palea acuminate, longer
than the lem [S. inaeflorus minor
Seribn.]— — Sterile open ground, pastures,
and waste-places, various
fields, barrens,
to Tex., Ariz., Minn., and Me.
provinees, Ga.
2. S. neglectus Nash. Differs from S. va
ginaeflorus chiefly in the pe spikelets
and glabrous lemma: glumes broader pro
portionately, about 2 mm. s rants
more turgid, acutish, glabrous, about
long; pa alea abo ut as long
various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., N. D., and Que
wide, those of the stem usually less than
ally
as the Ene tu open ground and sandy fields,
102 POACEAE >
macrus (Trin.) A. Hitehe. Stem 40-70 em. tall: rootstocks ra d
leaf- blades 2-3 mm. wide, flat at base: um anicle mov, partially ineluded in .
the NC sheath, the branches appressed, 2 m. long: spikelets Er eium
abou ong: glumes somewhat E ui lightly shorter than the nearly
Sa ee aed palea.— Wet PIU. Coastal Plain, Miss. and La.
S. virginicus (L.) Kunth. Stem 15-50 em. tall: leaf- eed mu
blades firm, flat or beeoming involute, eonspieuously bars us the sterile
shoots: panicle exserted, dense and spike-like, 3—10 cm. lo E ds. about
m. long; glumes somewhat unequal, E second as iis as the ma or
E — Sandy beaches, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— (IF. I., Mez.,
C. A., S. A.)—4A. robust form, S. littoralis Tam.) Kunth, with culms as much
as 100 cm. tall, and panicles as much as 15 cm. long, i s found i n S. Fla.
5. S. Torreyanus (Roem. & Schult.) Nash. Stem ae S un a short root-
stock: rd bode flat, rather lax: panicle narrow, open, the branches ascend-
ing. . compressus ( Torr.) Kunth]|—Acid bogs in ae Coastal Plain,
Ga. to N. J.
6. S. Berteroanus (Trin) H. & C. dps a a 40-100 em. tall:
leaves mostly basal, the blades flat Mns uch as wide, tapering to
a long involute point: panicle 10-40 e ie. qa ihe anie appressed,
usually interrupted below: spikelets ren 2 l broad, obtuse,
the second about half as long as the lemma, the first a little shorter. [ -
ge E M is e inflorescence often T
by a us.)— hammocks, pinelands, prairies, and c
grounds, cn ae and pales Blue Ridge, Fla. to Tex., and Va—(W. pi
C. A., S. A.)—S. indicus (L.) R. Br. has been collected on ballast at
Mobile Differs from S. Berteroanus in having slender, secund, loosely ascend-
ing panicle-branches and slender lax leaf-blades: glumes nearly equal, about
3 mm. long.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
S. clandestinus (Spreng.) A. Hitche. Stem erect, 60-120 cm. tall: leaf-
blades attenuate in slender involute points: panicle 5-15 cm. long, pend
m
ore or less enclosed in the sheaths: glumes 3-5 mm. long: lem 6-7
long, a A excee y e acuminate or subulate- PM B.
[S. canovirens Nash]—Sandy soil, prairies, sand-hills, woods, and uplands,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Conn
er (Michx.) Kun Stem erect, rather stout, 50-150 em. tall: leaf-
blades. xs glabrous a near the Das : panicle 10-20 cm. long, often
more or less enelosed in the sheaths: first M about half as long as the
spikelet, the second a little shorter than the spikelet: lemma slightly exceed-
.]—Dr
ed often on prairies, various provinces, Miss. to Tex., N. D., and Me.—Sporo-
s Drummondii (Trin.) bs s differing from S. asper in "being less robust,
Ho panieles less dense and more attenuate, the branches slender and ascendi a
i s somewhat smaller, is oer considered Ene medi distinet from S. asper
It occurs in Miss. and Tex
9. S. argutus s 2 Stems tufted, usually geniculate at base, some-
timés prostrate, 20—40 em. long: leaf-blades mostly les less than 10 em. long, flat
paniele pyramidal, 2— 10 c em. long.—Open, especially iade Soil, various prov-
de W Bosw to Ariz and Kans.; also hammocks, and cult. grounds, S Fla.—
M I. Mez., C. A., S. A.)
S. domingensis (Trin.) Kunth. Stem erect, 30-50 em. tall: leaves mostly
ur the blades flat, 2—4 mm. wide, involute-pointed: paniele contracted, ob-
lo dpi n midal or spike- like, 5-15 em. long.—Rocky or sandy soil and dunes,
on or near the coast, S Fla.—(W. I., Mex.)
POACEAE 103
S. cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray. Stems erect, m 30- d ae tall:
ie blades flat, tapering to a fine point: panicles ‘term nal and axillary, in-
cluded at base in upper sheath, sometimes entirely inc ded the well- developed
nd panieles open, as much as : spikelets crowded along the
upper part of the main branches, 2-25 mm. long.—Sandy open pices various
provinces, N. C. to Tex., Ariz., Wash., and Me.
12. S. gracilis (Trin.) gd Plant tufted, with numerous long pid leaves:
stem erect, slender, 30—60 cm. tall: le Es blades ped less than 1 mm. wide
paniele narrowly DD 10- 18 em. long, 2-3 cm. wide, purple T8. ‘juncea
Kunth S. ejuncidus Nash ]—Pinelands 20 sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla.
N. C.
©
=:
Do
C
e
B
-—
o
B
0S
i3. S. aique: Harper. Plant tufted, with numerous long basal leaves:
stem 50-60 em. ta s v af-blades firm, glabrous, filiform, channeled, flexuous,
villous above "the ligule: paniele oblong- pyramidal, 20 cm. long, about 8 em.
wide.—Moist pinelands, ronem l Plain, Ga.
14. S. Curtissii (Vasey) Small. Stem pw erect, 30-60 cm. tall: leaf-
blades 0.5-1.5 mm. e: panicle 15—20 cm. long, the Dian Ned rather stiffly
ascending.—M oist ia Coastal Plain, "Tis. to N. C.
15. S. floridanus Chapm. Stem rather stout, 50—100 cm. tall: panicle 15—40
em. M mostly 5-10 em. wide.—Moist pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.
POLYPOGON Desf. Annuals or perennials, usually decumbent, with
flat dd and dense soft- iwi spike-like panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, the
pedicel disarticulating a t distance below the glumes, leaving a short-
pen sl attached; is es equal, entire or 2-lobed, awned from the tip
ríf n the lobes, the awn slender, straight; lemma much shorter than
js ones doge RUE bearing a slender straight awn shorter than the
awns of the glumes.—Ten species, most abundant in the Eastern Hemisphere.
—BEARD-GRASSES.
Plant annual: s 6-10 m
Glumes slightly lobed, he he not ‘ciliate.
lS monspeliensis:
Glumes S prominently lobed, the lobes ciliate-fringed. . 2 P. D
Plant perennial: awns mm. long. P.
1. P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Stem
usually 20-30 cm. tall, sometimes taller
leaf-sheaths glabrous: panicle pale, pee Wd
and silky, u usually FA cm. ase peer Y,
a, long, awns as 10 | |
s E * Moit p dM pe MW [
Bine. N. C. to Tex. and Me.; also on N
Paeifie Coast. Nat. of Eu.—(Mez., S. A.) - | .
N
about
A
Sse
~
—
un. S
SS
aritimus Willd. Stem 20-30 cm.
2- P. ES 7
tall: leat. blades usually less than 5 cm. CS
Y
long, 2 to 4 mm. wide: panicle T NI |
scarcely lobed, 5 em. long, or les em `
thick: glumes 3 mm. long, villous, T awn \ Æ
as much as 7 mm. lon a ch a and ae
fields, Tybee Island, Ga. Nat. of Eu.
3. P. lutosus d A, Lene Stem 10-50 em. tall:. leaf- UN o
panicle as much as 10 ong, somewhat lobed: spikelet 2-3 long.
Lf. littoralis J. E. Smith]. ay P aid P" r3 roadsides, various eo ee
. to Calif. and Wash. Nat. of Eu.— NL S. A.)
104 POACEAE
. LIMNODEA L. H. Dewey. A slender annual, with flat blades and
narrow loose panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, articulate with the pedicel below
the glumes, the rachilla prolonged behind
the palea as a short slender bristle; glumes
equal, firm; lemma membranaceous, smooth,
. nerveless, 2-toothed at apex, bearing from
tween the teeth nder bent ;
twisted at base; ; palea a little Bonos e
the pied —One species.
L. arkansana (Nutt.) L.
Stem tufted, 20-40 em. tall: ps yid
or less dap db on both surfaces:
m
Dune 5-15 ong: spikelets 3.5—4 m
long, the glumes hispidulous or hirsute
>l [T arkansana
hurberia
Benth.]—Dry soil, prairies, river-banks, and
sand-dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. 'and Okla.
57. ug L. Tal perennials, with flat blades and large drooping
panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, articulate below the glumes, falling entire, the
rachilla pro cane behind the palea as a minute bristle; glumes subequal, 1-3-
nerved; lemma Similar to the glumes, nearly as long, 3-nerved, bearing a minute
short straight awn just below the tip: palea apparently 1-nerved.—Three species,
natives of North America.—REED-GRASSES.
Spikelets 5 mm. long: panicle rather compact, the branches as-
cending 1. C. arundinacea.
Spikelets 4 mm. long: panicle loose, the branches flexuous, droop-
ng. 2. C. latifolia.
1. C. arundinacea L. Ste E em. tall: leaf-blades as much as 1.5
wide, sca : panicle 15-30 m. long, niin o glumes iut
e ist
swamps, hillsides, and meadows, variou
provinces, Ga. to Tex., S. D., and Me.
2. C. Regs (Trev.) Griseb. Stem 60-
120 em. tall: leaf-blades 10—14 mm. wide:
panicle 15-30 em. dh i dad green, ‘‘awn
of lem ne s 1 mm. lo ong;
[C. arundi nacea pendula A. Gray]— MUR
woods, stream-banks, and swamps, Blue
Ridge and more northern provinees, N. C.
to Colo, Alas., Ont., and Newf.—(Eu.)
58. AGROSTIS L. Slender, tall or low, quim (one of our species
annual), with glabrous stems s, flat or sometimes involute, scabrous blades and
open or contracted panicles of small Ee Spikelets 1-flowered, the
rachilla not prolonged; glumes equal or nearly so, acute or acuminate, cari-
. nate, usually scabrous on the keel and sometimes on the back; lemma obtuse,
usually shorter than the glumes and thinner in texture, awnless or dorsally
POACEAE 105
awned, sometimes minutely hairy at base; palea usually shorter than the lemma,
small and nerveless or obsolete or rarely well-developed and 2-nerved.—One
hundred species, natives of temperate and cool regions.—BENT-GRASSES
Palea evident, 2-nerved.
Bra E of panicle unequal, some short and floriferous from base: ligule 2-5
ng. A. alba.
Branches of panicle all naked at base: ligule about 1 mm,
long. . A. tenuis.
ee wanting, or minute and ne
Lemma bearing a delicate aa n dont 5 mm. long: annual. 3. A. Elliottiana.
Lemma with a bent, exserted awn: stems tufted.
Spikelets 2 mm. lon ng.
Spikelets 2.5-3 mm. lon
Lemma awnless: panicle- Dane capillary.
Panicle very diffuse, with very scabro primar
branches, these branching above the middle, the
spikelets clustered toward the ends of the smaller
branchlets. 6. A. hiemalis.
Panicle En but not CODD diffuse, the branches
rking at or below the middle T. A. perennans.
A. canina.
. A. borealis.
eus
1. A. alba L. Stem s Pan em. tall, produeing short rootstocks and
sometimes stolons: ligu long: panicle 5-30 cm. long, the lower
branches in whorls, some floriferous from | A
base, some naked at base: glumes acute, " V
2-3 mm. long: lemma 24-34 as long as ‘
SE
A
"Sem nearly throughout cult. N. A. Nat.
of Eur
2. A. tenuis Sibth. Stem slender, sum)
20—40 em. tall: Ma ii short pos truncate
panicle 5- 10 em. long, open, e branches
few and nr naked a ue [ A. vul-
garis With.] — (Rmo IE BENT.)—
we various provinces, Tenn. to Me.
Nat. of Eu.
A. Elliottiana Schult. Stem very slender, 10—40 em. tall: panicle pode
He Sende iae e seabrous, flor ife erous toward the ends: glu
mm. long: lem . long. [A. arachnoides Ell.]—Open dry nd
woods, and prairies, den ERU Ga. and N. C. to Tex., Kans., and Ind.
4. A. canina L. Stem 30-50 em. tall: panicle open, 5-10 em. long, ps
branches Dern ee ows and waste-places, various provinces, Tenn.
Me. Nat. of Euras
a A. borealis Hartm. Stem 20-40 em. tall: leaves mostly basal: panicle 5-15
m. long, ye Lr purple, the branches spreading, naked below, E
)
S h. [4. oo U. S.)]—Rocky places, Blue Ridge and mo
northern ee "N. b. and Lab.
6. A. hiemalis (Walt.) B. M P. Stem erect, slender, tufted, 20—40 em. tall,
sometimes as much as 80 em.: leaves mo ao basal, the blades short and very
narrow or I sotaceous: panicle often e than alf the height of the
plant: glumes 1.5-2 long. [A. Ru "Willd d.]— S A GRASS. dup as
E
gr rounds, um bm N. A.—The mature panicle breaks away as a
tumble-weed.
7. A. perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. Stem erect or decumbent at base, 30-
100 em. tall, in the shade often weak and lax (more slender and taller, with
106 POACEAE
spikelets crowded toward the ends of the branches in A. perennans elata.
1s bran Roe ib or be low the middle P Nervous Time
Scribneriana Nash ]—Open Vien old fields, meadows, and moist soil,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Me. —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
59. S pu Se tall or robust erect peren-
nials, with small spik in sometimes spike-like panicles.
Spikelets 1-flowered, i ra chilla pce "pehi nd the palea as a short
Ka bristle; glumes about equal, acute or acuminate; lemma shorter
e glumes, usually more delicate, with a tuft of hairs at base, ee usually
nr a awned from the back, usually below the middle, the awn (in our
ecies) delicate and. straight: palea shorter than the Jim One hundred
species, natives of temperate and cool regions.—REED BENT-GRASSES.
Panicle rather open, usually nodding: ears 9-4 mm. long. » C. canadensis.
Panicle contracted, strict: spikelets 6-7 mm. long. . C. cinnoides.
1. C. canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Stem 60-120 em. tall: panicle 10-20 em.
long: piene: copious, about as long as the lemma: awn delicate, straight,
attached just below the middle and extend-
ing ag ‘slightly Na bd its tip.—(BLUE-
JOINT GRASS.)— S, swamps, stream-
ban ce nd wet places, Blue Ridge, N. C.,
and various provinces, N. J. to Calif., B. C.,
Ont., N. S., and News.
2. C. cinnoides (Muhl.) Barton. Stem 1-
the achilla abou mm.
glabrous EUM long-villous ik LO. N d
talliana Steud. "—NWet places, acid s
marshes, and damp wooded " E S, Ala. to Me.
60. AMMOPHILA H A coarse erect perennial with stout creeping
rootstocks, long tough involute blades, a a pale dense spike-like panicle.
Dd l-fülowered, the rachilla produc
eyond the palea as a short bristle, aue
above; bia bone equal, chartaceous;
lemma similar to the glumes, about as long.
slightly emarginate, mucronate between the
teeth, the callus ree: short hairs; palea
nearly as long as the lemma.—Two species,
of the Northern Po.
. A. breviligulata Fernald. Stem 50-100 em.
t".
asm a um m m mm m pn m
Sem were o
wow ets T
LH 7
Toe =
-
te
the upper surface turned downward: p
10—40 long: spikelets flattened, about 1
cm. long enaria (Fl
(BEACH-GRAS A-S
EED.)—Sandy beaches and dunes, Coastal Plain and New me Coast,
N. C. to Newf.; also Great Lake Lowland, Ind. to Wis. and Mic
POACEAE 107
61. CALAMOVILFA Scribn. Rigid usually tall perennials with narrow
or open panicles, some species with creeping root-stocks. Spikelets 1-flowered,
the rachilla not prolonged behind the palea; glumes unequal, acute, charta-
ceous, awnless; lemma a little longer than the second glume, chartaceous, awn-
less, smooth or pubescent, the callus bearded; palea about as long as the
emma.—Four species, natives of the United States and Canada.—Sanp
GRASSES. REED-GRASSES
Panicle long and narrow, the branches appressed. l C. Curtissii.
Panicle open, the branches spreading. . 0. PEEGEL
1. C. Curtissii (vasen pu lm 80-120 em. tall: leaf-blades 2-3 m
wide: panicle 15-30 e ong, ue ee loose, the branches ee:
ae or appressed. [Cala coms Cur
Vasey]—Sandy pinelands, E pen. Fla
2. C. m (Torr.) Seribn. Stem 60—
120 em. tall, tufted: ur purplish, 10-
20 cm. long, pyramidal rather open, the
branches glabrous, naked below. — Acid
sandy swamps, Coastal Plain, N. C. to
N. J.
| x: |
n NOTHOLCUS Nash. Perennials with flat blades and contracted
panicles. Spikelets 2-flowered, the pedicel articulate below the glumes, the
is eurved and somewhat elongate be- |
ro
t 1,
"uc than the 2 florets; “first nee per-
fect, the lemma awnless; second floret
ked awn.—Eight species, natives
of Europe and Africa. |
1. N.lanatus (L.) Nash. Stem 30-60 em
tall: leaf- ao and blades pale, velvety-
pube scent, the latter 5-10 mm. l
cle pale-purplish, 5-10 em. un spikelets
4 mm. long: glumes hairy. pes s lanat
L.]— ( VELVET-GRASS )—Mois i don. "fields, woods, and waste-places, va-
a provinces, S. C. to La., Ill, and N. S$.; also on the Pacific Coast. Nat.
0
63. A L. Low or rather tall perennials with shining pale or purplish
spikelets in open panicles: spikelets 2-flowered, articulate above the glumes,
the hairy rachilla prolonged behind the upper floret as a stripe, this sometimes
bearing a reduced floret; glumes about equal, acute or acutish, membranaceous;
lemmas thin, truncate and 2-4-toothed at the summit, bearing a slender awn
from or below the middle, the awn straight, bent, or twisted, sometimes absent
from the lower floret. NA Beauv. ]—Thirty- a species, in cool and
temperate regions gene dc —HAIR-GRASSES.
108 POACEAE
Awn Bu below at maturity, bent, exserted: leaf-blades fili-
or 1. A. flexuosa.
Awn not ‘twisted, straight, not much exserted : leaf-blades 1.5-3
m.
e, flat or folded, firm 2. A. caespitosa.
1. A. flexu es Stems d slender, 30-80 em. tall: leaves sud basal,
the blades 5-90 em. long, the sheaths scabrous: panicle 5-12 em. long, open;
spikelets 4-5 mm. long, pu ie lum
te: -7 mm. long, attached near the
a ane twisted. [D. flexuosa Trin. |
voods y banks, ee and
ary des, Blue Midge, IN. C. o Tenn., and
S prov , Va. to Wis. pes New
2. A. caespitosa L. Stems tufted, 60—120
em. tall: t nicis 10-20 em Py p spikelets
about 4 mm. long, pale: nly a little
longer than the lemma, straight, articulate
the base, deciduous. [D. caespitosa
oist
Newf.— (Eu. )—The former definite inclu-
sion of this eae in our range may have
been an error
. ASPRIS Adans. Annuals with pale shining spikelets in narrow or
open panicles. Spikelets 2-flowered, articulate above the glumes, the rachilla
not prolonged: glumes about equal, acute, membranaceous, or subscarious:.lem-
mas firm, rounded on the back, tapering into 2 slender teeth, bearing on the
back below the middle a slender geniculate twisted usually exserted awn, this
rarely wanting in the lower floret or reduced, the callus with a very short tuft
GRASS
of hairs.—Nine species, natives of Europe.—HAIR-GRASSES. WIND-G
Lower floret awned, the awn as ORE as that of the upper floret. 1. A. cn AT iie eds
Lower floret awnless or nearly s 2. A. capillar
A. ee (L.) Nash. Stem delicate, less than 20 em. tall: panicle
open l5 the height of the plant, the capillary branches spreading:
rds ph toward the ends of the !
branehes, 3 mm. long: teeth of lemma
o us.— (SILVERY HAIR-GRASS.)—Waste-
places, fields, bur and roadsides, various
provinces Fla. La. Ohio, and Mass.;
on the bus Coast. Nat. of Eu.
A. capillaris (Host.) A. Hitche. Similar
to A. caryophyllea: dare sg peta jd ae
ends of the branches, 2.5 m ong:
of lower floret with ack. teeth, of "the
upper floret with i, teeth.—W aste-
places, various provinces, Fla. to La., Calif.,
N. J., and M Nat. pu Eu.
TRISETUM Pers. Tufted perennials with flat blades and open or
TR e or spike-like panicles. Spikelets 2-flowered, sometimes 3-
to 5-flowered, the rachilla prolonged boum d the upper floret, usually villous;
glumes ined S unequal, aeute, awnless, the second usually longer than the
POACEAE 109
first floret; lemmas usually short-bearded at the base, 2 eleft at the apex, the
eeth ören awned, and with a bent and exserted awn from the back below
the cleft apex.—Sixty-five species, in the Arctic and temperate regions of both
hemispheres.—FALSE-OATS. WILD OAT- -GRASSES. SWAMP OAT-GRASSES.
Panicle dense, spike-like, sometimes interrupted below. 1. T. spicatum.
Panicle narrow bu oose.
Awn twisted below: both florets long-awned ; rachilla ar-
tieulate above the glumes
Awn not twisted: lower floret a wnless or with a short
Straight awn: pedicel ardere below the glumes. 3. T. pennsylvanicum.
2. T. flavescens.
1. T. spicatum (L.) Richt. Stem 15-50 em. tall: leaves more or les S puber
lent: paniele 3-10 cm. Sui e ts 5- 3 mm. long, the rachilla i
above the glumes: aw long,
serted, divergent. [T. "nolle Kunth T. sub-
icatum B
spicat eauv.|—-Mtn. summits and slopes,
Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, N
C. , Ont., and Lab.—
C. A.)
2. T. flavescens (L.) Roem. & Sch
Stem 4 m ps ps leaf. sheaths se
cent: blades 2—6 wide: panicle 5-15 em
ee spikelets E flowered : ion mas 5-6
long.— a in waste-places; re-
t. of Eu.
—Oce
Sod from Miss.
3. T. pennsylvanicum (L.) B. S. P. Stem
T
jt
C.
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ct
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o
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ae
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30
lower pubescent: panicle 10-20 em. lon ng: awn 4-5 mm. long. [Sphenopholis
palustris Seribn. T. palustre Torr. T. ludovicianum Vasey] —Marshes, swamps,
and springy places, various provinces, Fla. to La . and Mas
66. SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn. Erect perennials with usually flat blades
and narrow panicles uf shining spikelets. Spikelets 2- or 3-flow ered, the rachilla
articulate below the glumes and between the florets, produced beyond the upper
floret as a slender bristle; glumes unlike in shape, the first narrow, acute, 1-
nerved, the second broadly obovate, 3- to 5-nerved, somewhat coriaceous; lem-
species, natives of the United States, TAT and the West Indies.
Leaf-blades about 1 mm. wide, E flat or involute. 1. S. filiformis.
Leaf-blades flat, more than 1 mm. wi e, not much e elonga te.
a narrow, densely onered- glumes equal in a about
p mm. long, the second much broadened abo ve, 1 mm. wide as
olded. 2. S. obtusata.
Panicle se oe branches more or less spreading: usn erri
the ond longer, widened above, 0.5-0.75 mm. wide
ed.
Lemmas s ooth: panicle-branches approximate. 3. S. pallens.
Lemmas, especially the second, scabrous: panicle-branches
rather distan 4. S. nitida.
110 POACEAE
1. S. filiformis (Chapm.) Seribn. Stem densely tufted, 30-60 em. tall: panicle
5-15 cm. long, slender, often nodding: m ets about 4 mm. long. [E. fili
formis ‘Vasey |—Dry soil, Coastal Plain
N. C.
Fla. to Tex., Tenis and
S. obtusata, (Michx.) Seribn. Stem 30-
100 em. tall: leaf- sheaths glabrous or pubes-
p 6-18 cm. long, often glomer
ate sagas 2.5—9 ong. [E. obtusata
ray pubescens Seribn. & Merr., the
pubes escent form.]—Dry soil, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex. and Me. "id - m
]
glabrous, sometim mes awned below the apex.
[E. pennsylvanica A. Gray E. nc. E c or ag woods, various
provinces, Fla. to Ariz., Wis., S. aristata (Scribn. & Merr.) Heller
[Eatonia aristata Scribn. & Merr. 5 aristatum D Nash] resembles S. pal-
lens: lemmas scabrous as in S. nitida, the second awned. . C. Probably a
rid.
S. nitida (Spreng.) Seribn. Resembles S. eade stem more slender and
DUE Ep so tall: leaves pubescen n or glabrous: paniele looser, the branches
more widely spreading in flower: first glume E s wider. [E. nitida
Nash E. Dudleyt Vasey E. glabra pe aa ous form.]|—Dry woods, vari-
ous provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. D.,
67. KOBLERIA Pers. Slender low or rather tall annuals or perennials
unequal in shape, the lower narrow and
sometimes shorter, l-nerved, the upper some-
what broader above the middle, wider than
the lower, 3- to 5-nerved; lemmas somewhat
Searious and shining, the lowermost a little
onger than the. glume, dida 5-nerved,
acute or short-awned.— Twenty species, in
the temperate regions of n hemispheres. —-J UNE-GRASSES.
1. K. phleoides (Vill.) Pers. Annual with short ins: panicles and snort-
awned lemmas.—Pensacola, Fla. and Ala
Nat. of Eu.
68. AVENA [Tourn] L. Low or
moderately tall annuals or perennials with
narrow or open pisc rather few-flow-
ered E bs gical spikelets. Spike-
lets rachilla
- to ul flowered, the
bearded, ae ee the glumes and
between the florets; glumes about equal,
membranaceous or papery, several-nerved,
longer than the lower floret, usually exceed-
POACEAE 111
ing the upper floret: lemmas e exeept toward the summit, 5- to 9-
nerved, bidentate, bearing a dorsal bent and twisted awn (this straight or
reduced in A. sativa) c cur five ahi in temperate regions, most abundant
in D Old World.—Oar
l. A. a L. Annual: stem 50-100 em. tall: leaf- a flat, 5-10 m
wide: n nodding, 15-40 em. 1o58 P. As nehes spreading or 2 ins.
spikelets usually 2-flowered: glume ong: DU Ds glabrous, the awn
usually straight, often wanting.— Qus aai T caped from cult., fields, road-
sides, woods, and waste-places, nearly throughout N. A. at. of Eurasia.—
(W. I., Mex.) |
69. ARRHENATHERUM Beauv. Rather tall perennials, with flat leaf-
blades and rather dense panicles. Spikelets 2-flowered, the lower floret stami-
nate, the upper perfect, the rachilla pro-
uce eyond the florets as a slender:
bristle; glumes rather broad and papery, the
below the tip.—Six ee in the temper-
ate parts of Eurasi
0 D0 e
short chain at the base of the stem in A. elatius tuberosum. Ala. to Va. Nat.
of Eu.): leaf-blades 5-10 mm. wide: panicle pale and shin ny, sometimes purp-
lish, 15-30 em Dos uL the short branches verticillate: spikelets 7-8 m
[A
long. . avena Beauv. ]— (TALL OAT-GRASS. )—Meadows, pu) Eu
sides, and waste- pH BEBE] from cult., various provinces, Ga. o La. an d
N. C. Nat. of Eu.
70. DANTHONIA Lam. Tufted low or moderately tall perennials, with
few-flowered open or contracted panicles of rather large spikelets, and, besides,
solitary or few cleistogamous spikelets of 1 or 2 florets at the base of the
lower leaf-sheaths. Spikelets several-flowered, the rachilla readily disarticu-
and betwee
and papery, aeuminate, mostly exceeding the uppermost Pas lemmas rounded
on the back, obscurely several-nerved, the apex bifid, the lobes aeute, often
aristate, a stout awn arising fro m between the lobes, pl awn flat, twisted,
geniculate, exserted.—One hundred species, in the temperate parts of both
hemispheres, most abundant in southern Afriea.—WILD OAT-GRASSES.
Leaf-sheaths villous: lemmas densely long-villous all ove 1. D. sericea.
pee rr glabrous or sparsely pilose: lemmas villous od the mar-
Sg p age sparsely pilose on the back
Giane about 1 ong: lemmas glabrous on the back. 2. D. epilis.
Glumes 7-10 mm. long: lemmas sparsely pilose on the back.
Stem terete: TEM of lemma triangular, acute, or acumi-
nate, not aristate 3. D. spicata
Stem compressed : Poeti of lemma aristate. 4. D. compressa.
112 POACEAE
1. D. sericea Nutt. Stem 50-100 em. tall: panicle 6-10 cm. long, rather
loose, the branches cid or spreading: teeth of lemma 2-3 mm. lon
dor 12-
the sal awn 5 mm. long.—Sandy
soil, Ko acid woods, and pinelands, various
pro W Fla. to La, Tenn, and
Mass.
T i ribn. Resembles D. sericea,
A
sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. J., rare
Probably only a variety ‘of D. sericea.
Ra D. spicata (L.) Beauv. Stem 20-70
tall: leaves usually in a basal tuft, the
blades short and curly: panicle few-flow-
ered, the few ak Danes erect.—Dry and
sterile "e woods, pastures, elearings, and sand.hills, various provinees, Fla.
to Tex., N. M., Wash., and Me.
4. D. oe m Stem 40-90 em. tall: leaf-blades elongate, 2-9 m
wide: teeth of 1 2 mm. long or more.—Dry woods, various provinces, N. c
to Tenn. and Me.
71, CAPRIOLA Adans. Perennial, usually low grasses with extensively
creeping stolons and rootstocks, short blades and several slender spikes digi-
t at
bract; glumes NS idu. 1-nerved,
m in texture, 3-nerv es lateral nerves
elose to the margins. u^ species, of the
warmer regions, the following widely dis-
tributed.
1. C. Dactylon (L.) Kuntze. Stem flattened, Vb B em. tall: spikes
usually 4— 2 slender, 2-5 em. long: spikelets imbrieat e, 2 mm. long. [Cynodon
Dactylon ers. |— (BER MUDA-GRASS. a eg E) Fields and waste-places,
various fca ces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Ore ass. Nat. of Eu. (W. I.
Mex., C. A., S. A. eit more robust pom is ni. aioe the seacoast of Fla.
SPARTINA Schreb. Stout erect, often tall perennials with —
due d ereeping firm, sealy rootstocks, long tough blades, and 2 t
appressed or sometimes spreading spikes racemose on the main axis. B.
1-flowered, the rachilla articulate below the glumes, not produced beyond the
floret, much flattened laterally, sessile and usually closely imbricate in 2 rows
on one side of a continuous rachis: glumes keeled, l-nerved, eee or short-
awned, the first us sa the second often exceeding the lemma; lemma firm,
keeled, the lateral nerves obscure, narrowed to a rather obtuse point; palea
POACEAE | 113
2-nerved, keeled and flattened, the keel between or at one side of the nerves.—
Fourteen species, most of them North American.—MARSH-GRASSES. CORD-
Leaf-blades more than 5 mm., us sually more than 8 mm. wide, flat (more or less rolled
in drying) : plants robust, often tall and reed-like.
First glume as long as the floret, slender-acuminate, the second with an awn about
mm. long: spikes somewhat distant. 1. S. Michauaiana.
First glume shorter than the floret, acute, the second acute or
mucronate, but not slender-aw ned: spikes approximate.
Spikes numerous, ascending, iorming a thick panicle. 2. S. cynosuroides.
Spikes few to several, remote, erect or nearly so. 3. S. alterniflora.
Leaf-blades Jess than 5 mm. broad, involute or soon becoming so:
rather slen der. ,
Sp plan d g a dense cylindrical inflorescence 4. S. spartinae.
Spikes S pra or appressed, but not closely: approximate
Greening pA aE wanting : plant in a dense hard clump
with Has jv "on ae nd long slender involute leaf-
blades as muc IUBE 5. S. Bakeri.
Creeping buie. ae plant more slender and with
shorter blades. | 6. S. patens.
S 2 m. tall: leaf-blades 60-120 em
1. S. Michauxiana A. Hitche. Stem 1-2 m ;
long, as muc a as 15 mm. wide, tapering to a very slender point: spikes 5-20, ap-
pressed or ending, m ostly 4—8 em. long:
pene ERU -hispid on the keel, the first
acuminate, equalling the floret, the second
longer than 2 floret, tapering into an awn
mm. long: lemma 7-9 mm. long. [S.
eynosuroides (Fl SE. S.) ]—(Srovazn-
S.)—Marshes, river- banks, arid rS
in prairies, various provinces, N.
and N. J..
M., Wash., N. S.,
2. S. ee pu Roth. Stem 1- B
ic
as
long as the lemma, the second longer than
the lemma. [S. polystachya Willd.]— (SALT REED-GRASS.)—Salt and brackish
marshes, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to La. and Me.
3. S. ere ves Loisel. Stem rather 2 1-2 m. tall, leafy: leaf- bod
ud. wide: spikes appressed, 5—15 e . lon ng: spikelets 10-14 mm. long, —
eia alos ng the rachis, age PRAE rn glum e lemma sparingly
pilos e first glume %4 as long as Ar ger the lemma 8-10 mm. long
quum imbrieate, the eae a glabr n S. alterniflora "glab ra (S. "ous
(Fl. SE. U. S.) S. glabra Muhl. T Salt. distin Coastal Plain and New Eng-
land Coast, Fla. to Tex. and Me.
4, S. spartinae (Trin.) Merr. Stem 0.3-1 m. tall, in dense hard clumps, the
reds wanting: panieles 10—20 em. long, strict: spikes on mostly
2-3 em. long: spikelets about 7 mm. long. [S. junciformis Engelm. & Gra a7]
— Sandy marshes, cypress-ponds, pet alluvial flats, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
—(Mema.)
.5. S. Bakeri Merr. Stems in dense tufts: spikes few, 3—6 em. 128 appressed :
first glume about 3 mm. long: second glume about 1 cm. long, acuminate:
lemma about 6 mm. long, glabrous except the scabrous ih —Fresh water
marshes, prairies, and borders of lakes, Coastal Plain, Fila. and Ga.
114 POACEAE
6. S. patens (Ait.) Muhl. Stem 0.3—0.9 m. oe rarely taller: page mostly
4—6, ascending, 2-5 cm. long: spikelets 7-10 mm. long. [S. juncea Willd.]—
(SALT-GRASS. SALT MARSH-GRASS. ) — Salt mashes along the ome Fla. to
Tex. and Newf.—(W. I.)
73. CAMPULOSUS Desv. Erect slender, rather tall perennials with soli-
tary curved spikes. Spikelets several-flowered but with only one s floret,
sessile and closely imbricate on one side of a continuous rachis, hill
disarticulating above the glumes; first glume small, hyaline, aedis the
second as long as the lemma, firm, 3- to 4-nerved, bearing on the back a strong
divergent awn: lemmas rather papery, 3-nerved, villous on the lateral nerves
and eallus, bearing a short straight awn on the back just below the apex, e
first and second lemmas empty, the third enelosing a perfect flower, the upper
to 3 empty and successively smaller. [Cteniwm Panz.]—Twe lve species, of m
warmer regions; mostly American E M. GRASSES.
Plant forming dense tussocks: second glume with a row of prominent glands on each
side of the mid-nerve: awn stout, at maturity horizontal or nearly so: ligule about
1 mm. lon 1. C. aromaticus
s with slender scaly rootstocks: second glume glandless or
ith obseure glands: awn rather slender, not Boman
Breeds ligule 2-3 mm. lon ng. 2. C. floridanus.
1. ©. aromaticus (Walt.) Trin. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: old leaf-sheaths per-
sistent and fibrillose at the base of the stem; leaf-blades flat or involute, stiff:
spike 5-15 em. long: spikelets 5-7 mm. long.
iei gai. Spreng. ]-—Da € pine-
lands and swamps, p stal Plain id rarely
adj. Kn Fla. to La. and Va.—Root-
EE pungent.
2. C. ee À. ipid Esos aha
preceding having eeping ro
stock: ve dut 0.6-1 m. "tall: leaf m
Jas m, mostly bee comin g p attenuate at
the den Sab en e . long, 1-3 mm
wide: spike 8-15 e eng. o often twisted;
second glume Sinai or the glands ob-
ure. [C. chapadensis (Fl. SE. U. S.)]—
Pinelands, Fla.
HLORIS Swartz. Tufted perennials or annuals with flat blades and
f the
stems. Spikelets with 1 perfect floret, sessile in 2 rows along one side of a
continuous rachis, the rachilla produced beyond the MEAN. floret and bearin
and, if more than one, the smaller ones enclosed in the lower, forming a usually
club-shaped rudiment; unc somewhat unequal, the first shorter, narrow,
acute: lemma keeled, usually broad, 1- to 5-nerved, often villous on the callus,
and on the keel or marginal nerves, awned from between the short teeth of a
bifid apex, the awn slender, sometimes obsolete: sterile lemmas awned or awn-
less. [Eustachys Desv.]—Sixty species, in the warmer regions of both hemi-
Spheres.—BRANCHING-FOXTAILS. FINGER-GRASSES.
pressed; blades abruptly rounded at the tip. —EUSTACHYS.
Lemma awnless or with an inconspicuous awn, dark-brown: leaf-sheaths much com-
I. PETRAEAE.
Lemma distinetly awned, pale.—CHLORIs. II. VIRGATAE.
Ai A — à gL uan a ee ee A ecu
POACEAE 115
I. PETRAEAE
Spikes numerous (10-25) : second glume truncate, not notched. 1. C. glauca.
durius rarely more than 6.
mm. long: second glume mucronate from a notched
pee 2. C. petraea.
Spies 3 mm. long.
Spikes 1 or 2, rarely 3. . C. floridana.
SDikes 4 to 6, rarely more. . C. neglecta.
Oo
II. VIRGATAE
Rudiment narrow: awns about 8 mm. lon b. C. Prieuri.
Rudiment truncate, broadened above: awns 3-5 mm. lo
Plants strongly stoloniferous: lemmas pilose on 'ne . C. Gayana.
Plants without stolons: lemmas strongly ciliate-villous. 1. C. polydactyla.
1. C. glauca (Chapm.) Vasey. Stem stout, 50—150 em. tall, one or more nodes
with opposite, d edd leaf-sheaths: leaf- blades as much as 1.5 em. wide:
spikes 5-15 em. yn spikelets about 2
mm. long. [£. M Chapm. ]|—Brackish
marshes, prairies, ei cypress swamps, Fla.
to N. C.
2. C. petraea Swartz. Stem 30-100 cm. N
tall: eed sheaths perd sie p blades
4—10 wide: spik 4—6, sub-
erect, 4-10 em. long. "DE. pr Desv.]
—Dry soil, hammocks, p and prai-
ries, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—
W. I., Mez., C. A., .)
3. C. floridana (Chapm.) Vasey. Stem 40-
100 cm. tall: e sheaths not pi leaf-
blades 4—8 wide: spikes erect, 5—10
em. long. [E. floridana Chapm. Dre sandy soil, woods, and old fields, Coastal
Plain, N Fla. and Ga.
4. C. neglecta Nash. Similar to bd floridana, usually taller and stouter: leaf-
exec commonly paired: spikes more numerous, usually longer. [E. neglecta
ash ]—Open sandy ocd and an Fla.
5. C. ids Kunth. Perennial es stems 30-60 em. tall: es blades 2-3
wi ie es 2—8, erect, 5—8 em. long: sius lemma 2.5 mm. long, ciliate
near Mu it: rudim ent na rrow, bearing 30 wns.—W aste ends Mobile,
Ala., and Wilmington, N. C. Nat . of Africa.
6. C. Gayana Kunth. Plant d stout stolons & meter or more long:
dun tufted, 100—150 id bon lea a des 3-5 mm. wide: spikes mostly a 2
raight, ascending o 6$ . long, 1 opulentis pilose.—
died )—Fields and ddr various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Tex., aa "S
Calif. Nat. of Afr.
7. C. s id Swartz. Perennial: ida 50-100 em. tall: leaf- irae
as much as spikes s several to many, flexuous, tawny, mostly 8-1
m. long. ro. potes Nash] «Open sandy soil, S Fla (F. I 'g. A.)
75. GYMNOPOGON Beauv. Rigid perennials with short flat stiff blades,
numerous stiff slender divergent spikes loosely scattered along the upper part
of the stem, often deflexed at maturity. Spikes 1 or rarely 2-4-flowered, nearly
sessile, appressed and usually remote in 2 rows, along 1 side of a slénder con-
116 POACEAE
tinuous rachis, the rachilla prolonged behind the 1 or more fertile florets bear-
ing a rudiment of a floret, this sometimes bearing 1 or 2 slender awns; glumes
narrow, acuminate, l-nerved, usually longer than the floret; lemmas narrow, 3-
nerved, the ioral nerves near the margin, the apex mace bifid, bearing
between the teeth a slender awn, or rarely awnless.—Ten species, mostly Ameri-
ean.—BEARD-GRASSES.
Awn longer than the lemma: spikes floriferous from base. 1l. G. ambiguus.
Awn shorter than the lemma or none.
Spikes spreading or reflexed, naked for 1 to several cm. at
base: leaf-blades spreading : spikelets 2-flowered. 2. G. brevifolius.
Spikes ascending, approximate, floriferous from Bases leaf.
blades ascending: spikelets 3-flowered (2-4-flower red),
the florets zigzag. 3. G. Chapmanianus.
: eo ambiguus (Miehx.) B. S. P. Stem 30-60 em. P Poi ra a 5-10
n "ndi yu em. Ea glumes 4-6 mm. long: . long
i ds,
1G. cemo
pela n hillsides, "Coastal Plain and N d— n
adj. provinces, Fla. t Kans., and UP
N. J.
. G. brevifolius Trin. Resembles G. am-
bigwus: stem more slender: leaf-blades nar-
rower and shorter: spikes floriferous usually
only the upper half or third.—Dry
Meng Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and
N. J.
G. Chapmanianus A. Hitehe. Stem 30-
relatively stout. — Sandy inge F
Nb BOUTELOUA Lag. Low or rather tall bind Or €— with
any spikes, or sometimes solitary, racemose on commo the
dus few to many in each spike, pectinate or more ee ar-
ranged and appressed, the rachis of the spike eee cone beyond the in-
sertion of the spikelets. Spikelets 1-flowered, with the rudiments of 1 or more
florets above, sessile in 2 rows along one side of the Mis. dn unequal, 1-
nerved, acuminate or short-awned, the first shorter and narrower: lemma as long
or often rather long awns, the internerves usually extending into teeth; palea
sometimes 2-awned; rudiment various, usually 3-awned, a second rudimentary
floret sometimes present. [Triathera Desv. Atheropoyon a olyodon
B. K. c ou species, mostly North American.—MESQUITE-GRASSES.
GRAMA- GRASSES
Buke m zx M us entire: spikelets not pectinately ar-
nge 1. B. curtipendula.
Spikes persistent "thé "Hor ts falling, more than twice as long as
spikelets pectinately arranged.—BOUTELOUA 2. B. hirsuta.
1. B. curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Stem erect, 50-80 cm. tall: inflorescence
15-25 em. long, mostly 1-sided: spikes 1-2 cm. long, the peduncles recurved:
POACEAE 117
spikelets 5-8: first glume 4—5 mm., the second 7 mm. long: JURE 3-awned,
mm. long, the la ter al ones
Sometimes obsol [A. cur pci
Fourn.]—Hills, plains, barrens, prai 7
and rocky slopes, various p S. © i
? iow Mont., and Conn.—(Mez., C. A.,
4.) | \ ,
B. hirsuta Lag. Stem erect, 20-50 e |
tall: leaf- blades about 3 m wide, sparsely
Ur e -pilose: spikes 14, usually M |
3.0 em. long, the D projecting FUR
spikelets about 6 mm. lon ng: cond glume í
a E
et
E
[e]
e
nu doer -pilose. mS Brick unt )—Rocky
hills, various provinces, Tex. to Calif., Eu
and n; also in p lands, pen. Fla.
eZ.)
77. ELEUSINE Gaertn. Annuals, with 2 to several rather stout spikes
digitate at the summit of the culms, sometimes with 1 or 2 a short distance
below, rarely with a single tormina Spike.
Spikelets few- to several-flowered, com-
rows along one of a er broad
rachis, the latter not prolonged beyond the
Spikelets; glumes unequal, rath oad,
nerves close together forming a
uppermost somewhat reduced.—Six species,
natives of the warmer parts of the Eastern
Hemisphere.
1. E. indica (L.) Gaertn. e Ma apenas = prostrate, flattened,
m 10—40 em. long: spikes 2.5-8 em. long: spikelets 3-5- das e, 5
. long: seed uu by ridges, loosely aie d in the pericarp.—
GRA d
Calif., Kaas. and Mass. Nat. of E. L—(W. I., Mes., C. A., S. A
la. Eleusine tristachya Lam. Glabrous, tufted, the pus ve mostly
not more than 25 em. long: spi ikes 2 = 3, thick, 1.5-3 long, often 1 em.
wide: spikelets 5-9-flowered, 6-8 mm. long. — Ballast at "Mobile Ala., also in
N. J. and Ore.—(58. A., Africa.)
78. DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd. Annuals or perennials with flat blades
and 2 to several short thick spikes digitate at the summit of the culms. Spike-
lets 3- to 5-flowered, compressed, sessile, elosely imbrieate in 2 rows along one
side of the rather narrow flat rachis, the end projecting in a point beyond the
spikelets; glumes somewhat unequal, broad, l-nerved, the first persistent upon
the raehis, the second mueronate or short-awned below the tip, deciduous;
118 POACEAE
emmas firm, broad, keeled, acuminate or short-awned, 3-nerved, the lateral
nerves ie the upper floret panes palea about as long as the lemma;
seed subglobose, ridged or wrinkled, enclosed
in a thin, early disappearing SRM
Three species, natives of Eurasia.
1. D. aegyptium (L.) Richt. Glabrous an-
spreading or prostrate, often
e lo
rooting at the nodes: spikes 1.5-5 n
umes scabrous on the keel, the second
emmas cu
ith a short awn:
aegyptiacum Ms. Eleusine aegyptiaca
Pers.] — (EGYPTIAN -G CRO
GRASS.)—Waste- places, roadsides, and d cu
Fla. t
d various p nee o ATZ.,
Il., and Me. Nat of Eu —(W. I; Mez.,
C. a )
LEPTOCHLOA Beauv. niei or perennials with flat blades and
numerous racemes, racemose along a axis forming a panicle. Spike-
lets 2- to sip d gate or Pius a approximate or somewhat
distant along one side of a slender rachis; glumes unequal or nearly equal,
usually shorter ne the e lues awnless or mueronate, l-nerved: lemm
obtuse or acute, sometimes 2-toothed and mucronate or short-awned from be-
tween the teeth, 3-nerved, the nerves sometimes pubescent. [ Diplachne
Beauv.]—Twenty species, in the warmer parts of both hemispheres.—
FEATHER-GRASSES. SALT-GRASSES.
MADE perennial.
mmas broad, notched at apex, the lateral bad ool 1. L. dubia.
Ioue acute or awned, the lateral nerves pubesc
Lemmas ies ue ‘only lowest with short Sene plants
smooth, glau 2. L. virgata.
Lemmas 2 nod. ?the awn as long as or longer than the
ed : leaf- sheaths and blades sparsely pilose, not glau-
3. L. domingensis.
Plant an ual.
Sheaths P spikelets moe 4. L. filiformis.
Sheaths smooth or scabrous, not pilose
DEAT awn 5. L. fascicularis.
Lemmas awnless or mucronate only. 6. L. floribunda.
1. L. ay di B. K.) Nees. Stem erect, 30-100 cm. tall: leaf-blades as
ch as . wide: racemes several, ascending, 5—15 cm. long, seattered:
spikel 5-102 mm. long, 5-8-flowered, rarely j E
y 2-flo d: lemmas broad, Aa or JT EI
ginate, sometimes mucronate between A uM
the lob [D. dubia Benth. ]— (SPRANGLE. ) S/N
—Plains, hills, and rocky woo a various UN
provinces, Fla.; Tex. to Ariz.—(Mez., S. A.) N cm
2. L. virgata (L.) Beauv. Stem wiry, „=al
erect, slender, xod em. tall: leaf- Papa
m
: racemes 10-15 l |
ae ascending, “ax ` gpikelet m. p
ong: lemmas 2-2.5 mm. long.—Sandy soil, — E
a ea, and dir Coastal Plain, i e
S Fla. and S Tex—(W. I. Mex, C. A. | Æ
S. A.) |
POACEAE 119
3. L. domingensis (Jacq.) Trin. Resembles L. virgata: d -o
racemes shorter, usually more numerous, more closely flowered. [D. domingensis
Chapm.]—Sandy soil, S Fla.— — (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
4. L. filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. Stem 40-80 em. tall, sometimes
racemes 20—40, grag 4 I ading, — slender, lax, 5-10 cm. long:
spikelets about 3 mm. —4-flowered: lemmas awnles [L. cronata
Kunth. L. attenuata N S * meade, End, bottoms and d hills, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Ill, and Mass.— —(W. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A.)
L. fascicularis n .) A. Gray. Plant smooth: stem erect, spreading or
rd ar 20-100 em. long: leaf-blades 3-5 mm. wide, usually involute: panieles
lon the
as much as 25 em. base dr um the upper sheath, t emes
8—12 em. oe at first ascending, finally spreading: spikelets 6—12-flowered:
lemmas da . long, in es id Scent poit the awn sometimes as long
as the lem "TD. fas bu aris D. minata Nash D. procumbens
ash ]—Brackish soil Eine the Puig ead oif places in the interior, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., S. D., and N. H.
6. L. floribunda Doell Stem 60-100 em. tall: leaf-blades lax, Cee 5-10
mm. wide, scaberulous: panicles e. rather compact, 10-20 v m. long, the
numerous racemes ascending, pe ong: De re a S 4—5 mm. lon ng, 5—7-flow-
ered: lemmas 3 mm. long. [D. H alei N ash ]— en Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, S Miss. to Tex., and S Ind. ice eee introduted. —(£. A.)
6a. Leptochloa ss (Pres!) Hitehe. & Chase. Annual, densely tufted:
stems ascending to subereet, 50— em. tall: leaf-blades narrow, subinvolute:
e Gene Ter peus , 15- 30 em. long, the numerous spikes stiffly ascending:
spikele dy em. long, 6-9-flowered, = lemmas obtuse, minutely mucronate.—
lem den La. to Cal. (Mez., C. A 8. 4
80. MONANTHOCHLOE Engelm. A creeping wiry dioecious perennial,
with clustered short subulate leaves, the spikelets at the ends of the short
branches only a little exceeding the leaves. Spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, the
rachilla disarticulating tardily in pistillate
spikelets: glumes wanting: iS cin
the back, convolute, narrow
iu ape those of the rid s de
i alea narrow, in the
elow.—Two species, both American.
1. M. littoralis Engelm. Branches mod
merda ere S Fla., S Tex., and S alit qm. I., Mex., L8 A.)
81. ARUNDO L. Tall perennial reeds with broad linear blades and
large plume-like terminal panicles. Spikelets several-flowered,. the rachilla
glabrous, articulate above the glumes and between the florets; glumes some-
what unequal, membranaceous, 3-nerved, narrow, tapering into a slender point,
120 | POACEAE
about as long as the spikelet: lemmas thin, 3-nerved, densely long-pilose, gradu-
ally narrowed at the summit, the nerves ending in slender teeth, the middle one
longer, extending into a oce a
florets successively smaller, the summi
all about equal.—Six species, native of "s
warmer parts of the Old Wor
A. Donax L. Ste much a ;
tall, branching, the rootstocks thick, DES
and knotty: lea af-blades uch as 7 c
wide, ur on E bran Eon "uud alee
panicle 30-60 em. long: spikelets about 12
Tex., Calif., and Va. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.,
ex., C. A., S. A.)
82. PHEAGMITES ge Perennial reeds with broad linear flat blades
and large terminal pan Spikelets e flowered, the rachilla clothed
with long silky hairs, apne ulating above the glumes and at base of each
joint between the florets, the lowest floret one or ae MNA 3-nerved
or the upper 5-nerved, lanceolate, acute, the upper shorter than the florets, the
lower about half lon . the upper
lemmas narrow, rani e ue 4 A
3-nerved, the florets successively smaller, the YL Y
su ts of all about equal: palea much
mmits o
shorter than the lemma.—tThree species, the
following cosmopolitan.
1. P. Phragmites (L.)
: 1 ch as 5 cm. wide:
eps 15—40 em. long: spikelets 234
mm. long. [P. communis Trin. ]}—(COMMON-
EED. )—Marshes, swamps, and wet SM
various dao nearly "throughout e S.
Can W. I., I -
and - 7 ex he A., S. A., O. W. cd deus arundinacea (L.)
Heuw. has escaped in v pl aces in B Cla. It a large reed resembling
Phragmites; PORNO woolly at the throat: panicle 30 z 50 cm. long: spikelets
4—8-flowered, 6-8 mm. long; lemmas long-villous on the margin, with 2 short
f :
rupe Hips with an awn between. Nat. of Madagascar and S. Asia. Cult.
for ornament.
83. TRIODIA R. Br. Erect tufted oda. rarely stoloniferous, the
leaf-blades usually flat, the inflorescence an open or contracted panicle. Spike-
lets several-flowered, the rachilla HOA ds above the glumes and between
the florets: glumes hor cian en often thin, subequal, the first sometimes
narrower, l-nerved or the second rarely 3- to 5-nerved, acute or acuminate:
lemmas broad, rounded on the back, the apex from minutely emarginate or
toothed to deeply and obtusely lobed, 3-nerved, the midnerve excurrent be-
tween the lobes as a minute point, the lateral nerves near the margin often
POACEAE
exeurrent as minute points, all the nerves pubescent ob the lateral ones
sometimes conspicuously so throughout: palea broa
margin, sometimes villous. [Erion euron Nash Rho Se sea ere res
species, natives of temperate regions.—SAND-GRASSES.
Pedicels more than 1 mm. long, often eid than the spikelet.
Lateral nerves of the lemma excurre
CC poe with the branches A eadine or ascending,
na
inc narrow, contracted or spike-like, the branches
appresse
Lateral nerves of the lemma disappearing at the margin,
not excurrent: lemma about 2 mm. long.
Pedicels less than
- Panicle open
Pa ail cle dense, elongate.
1. T. flava (L.) A. Hitche. Stem 100—200 em. tall, very pal. s à along
cm. iong,
the upper part and in the panieles: panicle 20-45
oe or b E (smaller, the branches stiffly ascending in T. dd Chap.
Fla and S. C.) : spike-
o Mex., Mo.,
TA DE ides pale, 7-8 mm. long, 5-8-
flowered: lemmas 3-4 mm. long, minutely
emarginate, the nerves pubescent ir ex-
ent. [Triodia cuprea Jacq Tridens
ite: Nash]— (TALL RED- mo. —Dry
fields, open woods, roadsides, and waste-
places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr.
and N. H.
T. Drummondii Scribn. & me earn. Stem
half of the nerves, all the nerves RAT as mucros.—Pinelands and
and S. C.
grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
3. T..eragrostoides Vasey & Scribn. Stems tufted, slender, 60—100 em. tall:
panicle as much as 40 cm. long, the br dE distant, AUR Or donum.
as mu : lem emargi nerv
eh as 15 em. ndr ace oblon
minutely pilose bel midnerve excurrent. [Tridens
Nash|—Dry grounds, pm Plain, S Fla. and Tex.—(W. I., Mex
4. T. Elliottii Bush. Stem 60-120 em. tall: panicle ae em. long, the P qiia
ascending: spikelets along the main branches of the panicle: lemmas 4—5
long, prominently villous on the lower n ME the nerves, emarginate, obtuse,
all the nerves slightly exeurrent. [Trid Langloisi Nas
Schult. Triodia ambigua Vasey ]—Low Sede Coastal Plain, Fla. to
and S. C.
T. stricta (Nutt.) Benth. Stem strict, | stout, 1-1. a m. tall:
lados elongate, flat or loosely involute, 3-8 m wide: pan
or less interrupted de narrowed abo ve, 10- 20 4 em. long: s 4— w-
ered, about 5 mm. long.—Low moist ground and low woods, various ced
Ala. to Tex., E and i
84. TRIPLASIS Beauv. Slender tutted annuals or perennials, with short
blades, short open few-flowered purple panicles, narrow eleistogamou
in the swollen leaf-sheaths, those in the lower leaves reduced to single 1-flowered
122 POACEAE
spikelets. Spikelets few-flowered, the whe ce the rachilla slender, dis-
id above the glumes and. betw the florets; glumes subequal,
l-nerved, acute; lemmas narrow, 3-nerved, 2. “tobe , the nerves parallel, ;
the donum pair near the margin, the midnerve CUR as an awn as long as
the lobes or longer: palea oet than the lemma, the keels densely long-ciliate
on the upper half.— Three species, natives of the United States.—SAND-GRASSE
Lobes e: ond subulate-pointed: awn longer than the body:
peren 1. T. americana.
Lobes of cena not subulate-pointed : o .
Awn about 3 mm. long: lobes of jemnis narro OW. 2. T. intermedia.
Awn scarcely exceeding the rounded, broad, lobes of lemma. 3. T. purpurea.
T. ricana Bea Stem Spr reading, 30—70 em. tall: panicle 2-5 em.
mu the | Peaches eerie usually only 1-3 spikelets about 1 em. long: glumes
about 5 mm. long, narrow, acuminate: lemmas cleft to the middle or below,
| ensely
pubescent below W, scabrous above.— andy
soil, pinelands and sandy ridges, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
T. intermedia Nash. Stem decumbent-
ipud soil, Fla. to Tex. and
T. rpurea . (Walt.) Chapm. Stem
e or ascending, 30—80 em. long:
paniele 3-7 em. long, the few B i pepe:
ikele
o
lemmas about 3 mm. long, e at “the eui the obtuse lobes less than 1 mm
long. [T7. sparsiflora Cha NE rd GRASS.)— Sandy soil, Coastal Plain
and New En * Coast, Fla. and N. H., and Great Lake Lowland,
Minn. to Mie
85. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. Annuals or perennials of various habit, the
inflorescence an open or contracted panicle. elets few-many-flowered,
the florets inn closely imbricate, the rachilla disartieulating above the
glumes and between the florets, or continuous, the lemmas deciduous, the paleas
persistent; pius somewhat unequal, Pd than the first lemma, acute or
acuminate, 1-nerved, or the second rarely 3-nerved: lemmas acute or acuminate,
keeled or rounded on the back, 3-nerved, the nerves usually prominent; kee
of the palea sometimes ciliate.—O undred species, in temperate and tropical
regions generally.—LOVE-GRASSES. SKUNK-GRASSES. MEADOW-GRASSES
Plant perennial.
Spikelets 2.5-4 mm
Panicle narrow : aen sharp-pointed. I. SECUNDIFLORAE.
Panicle wide, open: florets acute or acuminate but not
sharp-pointed. II. REFRACTAE.
e T 5 mm. wide. III. BAHIENSES.
Plant annu
tem Pn 'stoloniferous and creeping. IV. HYPNOIDES.
Stem erect, or decumbent at ed but 29 Soe Tous:
Palea conspicuously ciliate: panicle narrow. V. CILIARES.
Palea not conspicuously ciliate.
Spikelets nearly sessile, mostly more than 20-flow-
ered, somewhat clustered along the main axis or
along the short spreading branches. VI. SIMPLICES.
POACEAE 123
Spikelets pedicelled, few-many-flowered, not clus-
Panicle contracted, the numerous branches ap-
d: spikelets minute, tawny or strami-
l VII. GLOMERATAE.
Panicle open, the branches spreading. VIII. PILOSAE.
SECUNDIFLORAE
Plant more or less tufted, the stem with a very short branch- l .
. ing base, the spikelets in contracted or open panicles. 1. E. secundiflora.
II. REFRACTAE
Panicle conspicuously purple, many-fowered, Cis flowered
toward the usually included bas 2. E. spectabilis.
Renice plumbeous, tawny or pont (sometimes purplish in
a reel) rather loosely few-flowered in proportion to
Branches, branchlets, and pedicels capillary, stiff, fragile,
t flexuous : E Rd usually more than 10- flowered,
distinetls flatten
Lateral spikelets eee edicelled, appressed: axils of.
panicle-branches bearded. 3. E. refracta.
Lateral Do on Blender spreading pedicels: axils
ally not 4. E. Elliott.
Branches, branchlets, and Da flexuous : spikelets flat
r turgid, less than 10-flowered.
Leaf-blades strongly papillose-villous, 5. E. trichocolea.
Leaf-blades not villou
Stems mostly less ‘than 50 cm. tall: sheaths gla-
brous, e Rene on margins: blades folded or invo-
lute, s 6. E. lugens.
Stems moy more than 50 cm. tall: sheaths hir-
sute: blades flat, elongate. 7. E. hirsuta.
III. BAHIENSES
Plant with a stout tufted base, narrow erect leaves, and
numerous spikelets in a narrow panicle. 8. E. bahiensis.
IV. HYPNOIDES
Plant extensively branching and creeping; forming a carpet,
E: Sp MS borne in numerous open or compact small
icles 9. E. hypnoides.
V. CILIARES
Lemmas 1 mm. long: hairs on palea 0.5 mm. long. 10. E. ciliaris.
Lemmas 0.7 mm. long: hairs on palea 0.2-0.3 mm. long. 11. ZL. amabilis.
Plant low, in dense tufts, very leafy at the base, the short
panicle-branches spreading or reflexed, the spikelets rela-
tively large. 2. E. simplex.
VII. GLOMERATA
Plant tall, more or less branched at the base, Su flat leaf-
blades and plume-like panicles with numerous minute spike-
Jets. 3. E. glomerata.
VIII. PILOSAE
Spikelets mostly not over 5-flowered.
lant e dan branched from "he base: panicle diffuse, pale
or : pedicels mostly over 5 mm. lon 14. E. capillaris.
Plant e. or spreading, branched A Um the base:
panicle oblong, the branchlets rather crowded, usually
purple: pedicels usually less than 5 mm. long. - 15. E. Prank.
Spikelets mostly more than 5-flowere
Spik = ovate to oblong, many-flo wered, more than 3 mm.
e, the Pos elosely imbricate.
Florets nearly horizontal, not glandular 16. E. unioloides.
Florets ascending: lemmas glandular on the keel. 17. E. cilianensis.
Spikelets ative distant not over 2 mm. wide, the florets
istan
spikele sim mm. wide: branches of panicle more or less
us. 18. E. pilosa.
spikelets 1.5 mm. wide or more: axils of panicle-
branches usually not pilose.
124 POACEAE
oo appressed along the spreading branchlets,
1.5 mm. wide. 19. E. pectinacea.
Spikelets ‘not appressed ; pedicels spreading or as-
cendin
spars ti of leaf-blades and sometimes other por-
tio of the plant beset with glandular de-
pre wd sions. 20. E. Eragrostis.
ida D. ne DEI not glandular
Lem ong; stems 10 'to 20 cm.
tall, spreading or decumbent at base. 21. E. teprosanthos.
Lemmas about 2 mm. long; stems 30 to 50 :
. long, erect. 22. E. limbata.
a E. secundiflora Presl. Stem as much as 80 cm. tall: panicle pps pud
. long, the short pcne dapi. Or appressed spikelets oblong,
fow ered: lemmas 3-5 . long, pointed. [E. oxylepis Torr. JSandy soll,
mostly on plains, eric piu. Ala. to
S Calif. and Kan.— —(Menz.)
2. E. spectabilis Sent pia end in
dense Sti clumps: ste or end-
ing, 30-80 em. tall: leaf. otk o
or pilose, densely pilose at the throat:
paniele usually more than half the entire
height of stem, the branches LUC in the
ares the whole finally breaking away as
tumble-weed: spikelets 5— 15 flowered.—
Open sandy places, old cx and roadaides,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Minn.,
and Me.—(Mez.)
E. refracta (Muhl.) Seribn. Stem
30-96 em. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous, sparingly villous at b throat: blades
2—4 mm. wide: ap ie e 20-50 cm. lon ng, t T bran P remote: spikelets 6-25-
flowered, 6-12 mm. long: lemmas acumin [ E. camp a refracta B
E. campestris Trin. J —Sandy as Ten pinelands, river-banks, and swamps,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Del
4. E. Elliottii S. Wats oe E. refracta: spikelets linear, as much a
2 em. long, ^ ids 5-15 m m. long.—Sandy Lodi and prairies, Coastal
Plain, Fla. Tex. and N. C.—(W. I., Mez.)—8H. ta A. Hitche. differs in
—(
the ur “which are 8-12 mm. long, and the ieee lemmas 3 mm. long.
—S pen. Fla.
5. E. trichocolea Hack. & Are Stem erect or geniculate at pad 20—40
em. tall: leaves villous, or a heath glabrate, the blades 2-3 wide:
panicle comprising one-third to RAD the length of the EE E as
bro E. E se i i i
ikele
long, 3-6-flowered: lemmas about 2 mm. long. [E floridana A.
Hitehe. . E. TIU (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—Pinelands, pen. Fla.—(S. A.)
. lugens Nees. Stem erect, 30—70 em. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous or
sparsely pilose, prominently pilose at the throat: blades flat or loos ely in
volute: panicle one-third to Bd the entire height of the p p branches
l ng, long,
rather stiffly spreading or ending: spikelets oblon
8—7 -flowered, the i4 as us as the spikelet or longer, rond E P
acute, about 1.5 long: lemmas 2 mm. long.—Dry grounds, La. o Calif.
Nat. in Coastal Plain of Ga. and Ala.—(Mez., C. A., 8. A.)
7. E. hirsuta nq Nees. Stem erect, 60—120 em. tall: eae ae as
much as 80 em. long, the Branches finally widely e as mu s 25
long, sparingly en e in the axils: lemmas about 2 co long E fields and
open woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and S
POACEAE 125
E. bahiensis d Stem a. 30-50 em. tall: panicle 7-12 em.
s the branches as mueh as 5 c ong, dieses px lets linear, 1 em.
long, many-flowered: pee poe * mm. long, aeute.—On ballast, Pensacola,
Fla., and Mobile, Ala., and in La. Nat. of S. ^.
9. E. hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P. Stem much-branched, prostrate- E
rooting at the nodes, bk TA -bearing branches erect or ascending, 5 m.
ard leaf- oda Er ong: paniele nearly simple, rather compact, Md
ver long: pope pale. linear, 10—35-flo owered, 5-15 mm. long:
mul oboe keeled.—Moist sandy dee ooo "EOS lakes, s
wet sandy slopes, various provinces, Fla. o Tex, N. D., and Vt.; Wash.
Calif—(W. I., Mes., C. A., 8. A.)
10. E. ciliaris ore Link, Stem oo or.spreading, as much as 50 cm. tall:
b as muc em. long, compact and spikelike or sometimes rather
: Spikelets rats dos red, 3 Ju mm. long.—Sandy roadsides and waste-
puce Coastal Plain, Fla. p Tex. and N. J.— (WF. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A.)
= E. amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. Stem erect or spreading, as much as 40
m. tall: panicle as much as 10 em. long: spikelet ets 4—8-flowered, 1-2 mm long.
LE. d vom —Waste-places, cult. grounds, and roadsides, Fla., Tex.
—(W. I., Mes., C. A., 8. A.)
12. E. simplex Scribn. Stem erect or spreading, as much as 50 em. tall:
panicle iu m. Ls a few aloe branches, the lower finally reflexed: s pike-
lets linear: lemmas 1.5 mm. long.—Waste- -places, roadsides, and fields, Coastal
Ga.
13. E. glomerata iar L. H. Dewey. Stem erect, 25-80 em. tall: a
pale, as ae = m. long, the sauce crowded bran ches as much a
long: spikelets 5—10- feet lemmas about 1 mm. long, hyaline , the vic
visible dpud them. [E. conferta "Trin. 2 places, a and ponds,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
14. E. capillaris (L.) Nees. Stem s slender, erect, 15-60 e all or more:
paniele more than half the entire height of the plant, oblong: rg the capil-
lary branches spreading: spikelets 2-3 mm. long, on long divergent pedicels:
lemmas about 1.5 mm. long.—(LACE-GRASS. eee e soil, fields, woods,
river-banks, and prairies, m provinces, Ga. to Tex., Ia., and Me.
15. E. Frankii (Fisch. Mey. & Lall.) Steud. Stem 15-40 em. tall: leaf-sheaths
glabrous: panicle less than half the entire height. of plant, the sho dd branches
spreadin T Ei 2-3 mm. long on ostly appressed pedicels: lemmas
scarcely over 1 mm. ong.—Low w ground, sande, river-banks, fields, aa barrens,
various oe Fla. to Miss., Minn., nd N. H.
16. E. unioloides (Retz.) Nees. Stem 30-50 em. Fen E pins ee 5-15
em. long: spikelets 5-10 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide: flor ong, falling
entire from ha continuous raehilla. —Roadsides, Cae Pisin N N Plana nd Ga.
of Asi
E. cilianensis (All) Link. Stem erect or spreading, 20-80 cm. tall: pani-
de greenish or plumbeous, 5—15 cm. long, "pud densely flowered: spikelets 5—15
ES ng, 10—40- 2.0m
owered: lemmas about mm. long, the lateral nerves promi-
ne [E. major Host. E. megastachya Link Waste plaees, fields, and road-
sides, U. 8. nd SE Can. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I s Mex., C. A., S. A.)
8. E. pilosa (L.) Beauv. Stem erect or "— ing, 20-60 em. tall: paniele
oblong. -elliptie, 5-20 em. long, the lower branches usually E. pilose in
the axils: spikelets linear, mostly 4-6 mm. long, 5-10-flowered: first glume 0.5
126 POACEAE
. long, the second 1 mm. long: lemmas about 1.3 mm. long, 0.3 mm. wide:
earyopsis 0.5—0.7 mm. long. — Waste- -places and roadsides, various Sru Fla.
o Tex. and Me. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A.)
pectinacea (Michx.) Nees. Hesembles E. pilosa: axils of panicle-
branches pide Or d lower sparingly ps spikelets 1.5 mm. wide: first
glume 1m dic. ond 1.5 mm. long: lemma 1.7 mm. long, 0.5 m wide,
the lateral 7 dne pham minent: caryopsis lm mm. long, light brown, "faintly
alveolate. [E. Purshii Schrad.]—Fields, waste- -places, and moist open grounds,
arious eee eres Fla. to Tex., Calif., Wash., and Me.—(Mez a
20. E. oe (L.) Beauv. Resembles E. cilianensis: stem mostly decum-
bent at base, 10-30 em. tall: panicle mostly less than 10 cm. long, rather com-
pactly flowered, the branches” and niri divergent: Equo d about 2 mm
wide. [E. minor Host.]—W infrequent in widely separated localities
throughout U. S. Nat. of Eu OY T
21. E. tephrosanthos Schult. Stem spreading or decumbent at base, usually
lax, as much as 30 cm. long: panicle dx ai than 10 cm. long, the branches
ascending or spre eine the lower a y less than 4 em. long.—Waste-places,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I. C. A.)
22. E. bus sg Stem mostly erect, 30-50 em. tall: panicle erect, open,
10-30 . long, the branches, bran chlets, and pedicels ascending, flexuous,
R in the axils, the pedicels mostly 2-3 times as long as the spikelets.—
T moist ground, Sanibel Island, Fla.; various provinces, W Tex. to S Calif.
(Mez., C. A., S. A.)
86. MELICA L. Rather tall perennials, with closed sheaths, flat blades,
narrow or sometimes open, usually simple panicles. Spikelets 2- to several-
flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets,
prolonged beyond the perfect florets and bearing at the apex 2 or 3 gradually
smaller empty lemmas, convolute together or the upper enclosed in the lower:
lumes somewhat unequa al, thin, often
mma
membranaceous or rat n rm, see ae.
d sometimes conspicuously so, awn-
in —Sixty species, in the cooler
a "i tod hemispheres.—M ELIC-GRASSES.
HONEY-GRASSES.
mutica Walt. Stem as much as 1 m.
B SE RUE ies blades 2-10 mm.
wide: aes 2 . lon
Ra oc ng, few-flowered:
spikele Arx erm . lon PAS odding.—Dry woods, river-banks, and pond-borders,
zie NICE aed Coastal Plain, " Fla. to Tex., Ia. and Md.
87. DIARINA Raf. Slender perennials with rootstocks, broadly linear,
flat blades, long-tapering below, and narrow, few-flowered panicles. Spikelets
few-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the
POACEAE 127
florets; glumes unequal, acute, shorter than the lemmas, the first 1-nerved, the
second 3- to 5- nerved; lemmas chartaceous, pointed, 3-nerved, the nerves con-
verging in the point, the TE floret re-
duced; palea chartaceous, obtuse, at ma-
turity the lemma and palea dcs Spread
by the large turgid beaked caryopsis with
hard shining pericarp.—Two species, the fol-
lowing, and one in Asia.
zt D. festucoides Raf. is d hore
.t n: leaves nearly as stem,
g er wide: panicle ae simple, 10—25
m n: ao 10-15 mm. long, the pedi-
pem shor Dia incl rica Bea
Koryc "us diandrus Kun zo] -Rich w woo de,
Interior dd PS tea We and pre Lowland,
Tenn. to 3 Sw D
88. UNIOLA L. Rather tall erect perennials with flat or sometimes invo-
lute blades and narrow open panicles of compressed sometimes very broad
fiat spikelets. Spikelets p to many-flowered, the lower 1 to 4 lemmas empty,
a
mucronate; lemmas compressed, sometimes conspicuously flattened, chartaceous,
many-nerved, the nerves join S obscure, usually acute or Vii the
empty ones at the base usua gis successi B maller, the uppermost reduced;
palea rigid, sometimes bowed-out on the winged keels.—Nine specie, North
American.—SPIKE-GRASSES. SPANGLE-GRASSES.
Panicle droopin
Leaf-blades broad flat. I. LATIFOLIAE.
Leaf-blades narrow, involute. II. PANICULATAE.
Panicle erect, contr acted or somewhat open. III. LAXAE.
I. LATIFOLIAE
Slender wood-grass with flat blades and very flat many-flow-
ered green spikelets. 1. U. latifolia.
II. PANICULATAE
Stout dune-grass with a heavy rather dense panicle and many-
flowered stramineous spikele ets. 2. U. paniculata.
III. LAXAE
Spikelets not over 7 mm. wide: leaf-blades and panicles elon-
ate.
Collar and usually sheaths diens pubescent. 9. U. longifolia.
Collar and sheaths glabrou 4. U. taxa..
Spikelets 1 cm. or more wide: T blades not elongate.
Panicle not over 10 em. long: spikelets crowd 5. U. ornithoryncha.
Panicle usually 10-20 cm. long: spikelets not crowded. 6. U. nitida.
1. U. latifolia ro Stem 60-150 cm. tall, leaf-blades commonly 15 mm.
wide: erage 10-25 em. long, Ari i the Se t e bearing a few
broad fi t spikelets as much a m. long: . long.— PX d
slopes and stream banks various Merle ma s ‘Tex, "Kane, and Mas
198 POACEAE
2. U. paniculata L. Stems in dense clumps,
stout, 100-150 em. tall: leaf- pg involute
0-30 long:
un
pi
©
long.—(SEA-0AT. EACH-
GRASS. e a sands and dunes, Coastal
Me
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—(W. I., Mez.,
C. A, 8. A.) (/ PN
rN,
3. U. longifolia Scribn. Stems in clumps, NS
80—120 cm. tall: leaf-blades flat, 6-12 mm \ n
e: pan 0-40 em. 1 the branches / à
mostly distant, short and app ed, or t
lower asee bes sI - aua 3—4-flowe dl 6 !
m. long: ong.—JDry S nay
soil, woods, End m n ng Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Okla., and Va.
a (L.) B Stem 60- 120 em. tall: leaf-blades 3-7 mm. wide:
panico 15-40 em. iu. s slender branches erect: spikelets 3-6-flowered, 5—7
mm. lon [U. gracilis Michx.]—Sandy soil, woods, swamps, n meadows and
dins Coastal Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla.
and Long Id., N. Y. Plants in elumps.
5. U. ornithoryncha Steud. Stem 100—150 em. tall, ponent from short slender
rootstocks: leaf-blades 4-7 mm. wide, rarely ove ri5c ong: pan d 4—8 cm
long: spikelets 8—10 mm. long.—Low woods, Coastal Plain Ala. to
6. U. nitida Baldw. Stem 50—150 cm. tall, from a pn rootstock: paniele
10-15 em. long, the branches spreading or ascending: spikelets 1-1.5 e m. long.—
Low woods and stream-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. and S. o.
89. DISTICHLIS Raf. Low dioecious Lite dan with extensively creep-
ing sealy rootstocks, erect, rather rigid stem , and short dense rather few-
Bower’ panicles: s spikelets several- to many- er re rachilla of the pistil-
r
int: lemmas closely imbrieate, firm, the pis ds coriaceous, the margins
bowed out near TS acute or acutish, 3-nerved, with several intermediate
nerves or striations: palea as lon
lemma or shorter, the pistillate coriaceous.—
Six species, mostly American.—SALT-GRASSES.
SPIKE-GRASSES. ALKALI-GRASSES.
1. D. spicata (L.) Greene. Stem erect, 15-
60 em. tall: leaf-sheaths overlapping, the
blades usually conspicuously distichous, rig-
idly ascending: panicle 2-6 cm. mare - spike-
lets 8-18 mm. ine. [D. maritima Raf.]—
(MARSH SPIKE-GRASS. mi agree along
the coast, and alkaline soil in the interior,
nearly throu ughout U. S.—
C. A., S. A4.)—
. Il, Mex
—Briza minor L. has been incod: in Fla, Ala., and. S. C. It is
POACEAE 129
an s with erect pyramidal panieles, maniar several-flowered spikelets,
3 mm. long, on curved pedicels; also Va., Ark., Cal, Ore.—Nat. Eu.
90. DACTYLIS L. An erect perennial with flat blades. Spikelets few-
flowered, compressed, finally disarticulating above the glumes and between the
florets, ni sessile in dense l-sided fasci-
hese borne at the en the few
panicle- -branehes: glumes aie ae carinate,
acute, hispid-ciliate on the keel; lemmas com-
pressed-keeled, mucronate, 5- Were. eiliate
on the keel.—T wo species, native of Eurasia.
1. D. glomerata L. Stems in large often
ri tufts, ad em. tall: leaf- ee
rous: pan 8-15 em. long, fe
sim pipe prs spreading in anthesis
ect in fruit.—(ORCHARD-GRAS aste-
pikes olds and orchards, ranging from the
Piedm of Ala. northward ae the
cooler a of the U. $8. f Eu.
91. POA L. Annuals or usually perennials, low or rather tall, with spike-
lets in open or contracted panicles, the narrow linear blades ending in a navicular
point. Spikelets 2- several-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes
and between the florets, the uppermost floret reduced or rudimentary; glumes
acute, keeled, somewhat unequal, the first 1-nerved, the second usually 3-nerved:
lemmas somewhat keeled, acute or acutish, piss s, membranaceous, e some-
what searious at the tip, 5-nerved, the nerves somewhat pubescent.— Two
hundred species, in cool and a eae regions generally. os -GRASSES.
PEAR-GRASSES.
Plant annual, low, usually less than 25 cm. tall. I. ANNUAE.
Plan nt perennial, taller
Creeping POELO pr resent. II. PRATENSES.
Creeping rootstock wanting. III. TRIVIALES.
I. AN
Florets with cottony hairs at base: ‘lemmas inane 3-nerved,
the intermediate nerves obscure. 1. P. Chapmaniana.
Florets not cottony at base: lemmas 5-nerved, the inter-
mediate nerves distinct. 2. P. annua.
II. PRATENSES
Stem distinctly ges wiry: plant blue green. . P. compressa.
Stem terete or nearl
Plant dioecious: es icle silvery. . P. arachnifera.
Plant is perfect “spikelets panicle not silvery.
Lea about as long as the stem ; panicle few diowered,
ender Tae spikelet-bearing near the ends. . P. cuspidata.
E Shorter than the m ms: panicles pyramidal,
the spikelets rather erow . P. pratensis.
III. TRIVIALES
Leaf-sheaths scabrous: panicle pale. . P. trivialis.
Leaf- oe smooth.
Lem n cottony at the base, pubescent below between
the uo es. . P. autumnalis.
Lemmas PUN
Panicle-branches spikelet bearing from about the middle. . P. sylvestris.
Panicle-branches bearing a few spikelets near the ends.
Marginal nerves glabrous. . P. alsodes.
Marginal nerves pubescent. . P. Wolfii.
130 POACEAE
is WS Mp re Seribn. Plants yellowish-green: stem mostly erect: nerves
of lemma pubescent. [P. c laid M rus Fl.) |—Dry open grounds, prairies
and ee a Coastal Plain a . pr o-
vinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., and kh b
2. P. a L. Plants peur glossy green:
stem aie spreading: e pyramidal,
38-8 cm. long: Peat x v i pue
4 mm. long: n ves of lem su = be-
low.— (Six €: K’S ee: PEAR-
GRASS. )—-Open prts throughout N. A.
Nat. of Eu.— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
3. P. compressa L. Stem wir y, 20—60 e
tall, geniculate at base: panicle ed 2-8
ng: spikelets crowded, 4—6 . lon ng,
3- 6- flowered; lemmas obscurely id Spar-
ingly cottony at base, the nerves pubese ent
below.—(CANADA BLUE-GRASS.)—Dry peace soils, from Ga. and Okla. north-
ward, “nearly throughout N. A. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)
P. ara acy pein Torr. E 30-80 em. tall: panicle 5-15 em. long: spike-
TR several-flowered: lemmas 4-5 mm. long, the nae woolly on the nerves
and copiously cottony at t ba se.— [P. glabrescens Nash, the staminate form. |—
Dry grounds, pinelands, prairies, and cult. gro ane ‘Coastal Plain, Tex. and
Okla. Naturalized coe Fla. to Miss. and S. C.
5P. e id Stem 30-50 cm. tall: panicle i em. long: spikelets
exer the ace villous all over TP. brach yphytla md ult: P. brevifolia
Muhl.]—Rocky woods and stream- -banks, various provinees N of Coastal Plain,
Ga. to Ky. and N. J
6. P. pratensis ux c up to 100 em. bond o pyramidal, 5-20 cm. long:
spikelets 4-5 mm. long, 8-5-flowered: lemmas 3 mm. long, cottony at base, the
nerves Dubois ent. i KENTUCKY B Puer E eui )—Open grounds and
ui. nearly throughout N. A. (Zurasia.)—(W. I.)
7. P. trivialis L. Stem erect from a decumbent base, up to 100 em. long,
scabrous below the panicle: panicle 6-15 em. long: spikelets 2-3-flowe iu He
mm. ae - as I
Roue
Cu. Plain, La. to S. D., "Na. and Que. Nat. of Eu.
P. autumnalis Muhl. Stem 30-100 em. tall: leaf-blades 2-3 mm. wide:
ana "8-20 c m. long: spikelets 4—6-flowered, about 6 mm. long. E d da
Muhl. ]— Woods and swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ill, and N
9. P. sylvestris A. Gray. Stem 30—100 cm. tall: panicle 10-20 cm. long, rather
xu the mates Roni whorled, often reflexed: spikelets 2—4-flowered, 2.5—4
m. long: lem 2.5 mm. long, pubescent on the keel: glumes widely 2e
ing at maturity. — Rich woods and stream-banks, various provinces, N Fla.
Tex., Wis., and N. Y.
10. P. alsodes A. Stem 20- s em. ove leaf-blades 2 wide:
Pa e em. long, the branches ’s or 4’s: spikelets 2-3 T about
o mm. long: lemmas ETE nerved, ed on the keel below.—Wooded “slopes,
Blue > Ridge and more northern provinces, N. C. and Tenn. to Minn, and
POACEAE 131
ll: PR. biet Seribn. Stem slender, 50—100 em. tall: leaves mostly basal,
blades wide: panicle 8-15 em. long: spikelets 2—4-flowered, 5-6 m
lon ng: à mmas peres nerved, the keel and marginal nerves Pubs cup code
various provinces, Tenn. (?), Ill. to Minn.—Specimens from Tenn. seem to be
lacking.
ICULARIA Heister. Usually tall aquatic or marsh perennials,
with Pu ed closed or partly closed sheaths, and open or contracted panicles.
Spikelets few- to many-flowered, subterete or slightly compressed, the rachilla
disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal, short,
obtuse or acute, usually scarious, mostly 1-nerved; lemmas broad, convex on the
back, firm, usually obtuse, awnless, scarious at apex, 5- to 9-nerved, the nerves
parallel, usually prominent. [Glyceria R. Br.]—Thirty-five species, in the tem-
perate regions of both hemispheres.—MANNA-GRASSES. | MEADOW-GRASSES.
FOWL MEADOW-GRASSES.
Spikelets narrow, mostly linear, usually more than 1 cm. long. I. C NM
Spikelets ovoid or oblong, usually not over 0.5 cm. long. II. OBT
I. ACUTIFLORAE
Lemmas obtuse, about as long as the palea
^i. P. septentrionalis. B
Lemmas acute, much exceeded by the Gea ne
^2; P. acutiflora.
II. OBTUSAE
Panicle contracted, narrow.
Lemmas about 3 mm. long: panicle oblong, dense, usually
not over 10 em. long. 3. P. obtusa.
pne about 2 mm. long: panicle linear, 15-30 em. long,
4. P. melicaria.
Panicle « opum lax
Glumes mend “rounded, the first about 1 mm. long or less:.
lemmas about 2 mm. long.
5. P. striata.
cunn e the first 1.5-2 mm. long: lemmas about 3
Spikelets ‘elliptic, pointed, pale: plant weak or lax,
ka ually E ng and rooting at the oe panic cles
uall Scr 15 em. long, few-flowered. €. P. pallida.
Spikelets oblong, purple: plant upright, ee panicle
many-flowered. . P. grandis.
1. P. septentrionalis (A. Hitche.) Bicknell. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall: panicle 5-6
em. long, the short branches QU a spreading: spikelets 1.5-2 em. long
lemmas 4—4.5 mm. long, faintly 7-nerved,
M on gos betw T a "T :
fluitans (FI. U. S. )]—(SwEET-GRASS,
F'LOTE-GRASS. \ Shallow water, various
provinces, S. C. to Tex., Minn., and Mass
2.. E. oe (Torr.) Kuntze. Stem
weak, slender, much as ps em. long:
paniele nearly Ele 15-35 cm. long, the
RA ua. appressed EB 0—12-
flowered, 2—4 ong: lemmas 6-8 mm.
ee scabrous. T utiflora E "d
low water, various prance Tenn.
Ind., and N. H.
P. obtusa ue saan Stem se erect, 30— 120 as tall: panicle 6-18
m. long: spikelets 3—7- flowered, 5-6 m . lon ng. [G.o a Trin.]—Bogs and
udo often in acid soil, Coastal Plain and adj. ip N. C. toN
132 | POACEAE
P. melicaria (Michx.) A. Hitehe. Stem erect from a creeping rootstock,
60— 100 cem. tall: oap nodding at the summit: 25 Bppressed, 3—-4-
. flowered, about 4 . long. [P. elongata Kuntze G. Tor-
reyi A, Hite che. ]— — Wet woods, Blue Ridge and more ode PENA N. C.
and Tenn. to Minn. and Que
Js P. striata (La Eus A. Hitche. oe dense tussocks: stem erect, 30-100
. tall: leaf-blades elongate: B e nodding, 10-20 em. long, the branches
dou naked below: spikelets 3-7 E PE mm. long: lemmas promi-
ud 7-nerved. [Poa striata Lam. G. Tri P. nervata Kuntze
G. striata A. Hitche. ae ground, bud gods Fla. to Tex., Wash.,
Ont., and Newf.—(Mez.)
6. P. pallida iid Kuntze. Stem | ee up to 100 cm. long: spike-
ee Bri Pd oe red, 6-7 mm. lon ng: lemmas 7-nerved, scabrous. [G. pallida
in. |—Shal quiu various provinces Tenn, 19 Mo. and N. S.—Plants
hires do of some species of Poa
7. P. grandis (S. Wats.) Nash. m 100—150 em. tall: leaf-blades 5-15 e
wide: panicle 20-40 cm. long, loose and open: umo 4—7-flowered, 5—6
long: lemmas 7-nerved. [P. a fea MacM. G. grandis S. Wats. ] Wet
places, various provinces, Tenn, to Alas., Ont., and N B.
FESTUCA L. Low or rather tall annuals or perennials of various
habit, the spikelets in narrow or open panicles. Spikelets few- to several-
flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets:
glumes narrow, acute, d the first sometimes very small: lemmas rounded
on the back, membranaceous or somewhat d o-nerved, the nerves often
obseure, acute or rarely HN awned from the tip or pue, from a minutely
bifid apex.—One hundred species, in apes and cool regions.—FESCUE
GRASSES. F'ESCUES.
Plant annual: stamen usually 1. I. OCTOFLORAE.
Plant perennial: stamens
eaf-blades Hed narrow, involute. IT. RUBRAE.
Leaf-blades flat III. OBTUSAE.
I. OcTOFLORAE
Awn less than twice as long as the lemma: ge elosely 5-13-
flowered, glabrous or scabrous. 1. F. octofiora.
Awn no than twice as long as the lemma: spikelets loosely 4-6-
owered.
onmes scabrous above: first glume less than half as long as
the second. 2. F. Myuros.
Lemmas pubescent: first glume 15-34 as long as the second. 3. F. sciurea.
II. RUBRAE
Plant decumbent at base: stems solitary clustered, the leaves
often numerous: panicle with em or appressed branche es. 4. F.rubra.
III. OBT
Spikelets oblong to linear, about 1 cm. june eo narrow, the
branches appressed at maturity. . F. elatior.
Spikelets ovate or oval, mostly léss than 5 mm. long: panicles open,
the branches spreading, naked below
Spikelets at the end of long lender branches of a very open
anicle. . F. obtusa.
Spikelets somewhat aggregate along the upper half of the short
branches of the less open nodding panicle. . F. Shortii.
POACEAE _ 133
1. F. octoflora Walt. Stem erect, 5-40 cm. tall: Pa BN ip aa
em. long, often 21 a a raceme: spikelets 5-12 mm. long: lem s 4-5 m
long, the awn 1-7 long. tenella
Willd. F. parviflora | EIL] —Dry sterile soil,
various Ld rr Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C.
and Que.—(Mez.)
2. F. Myuros L. Stem erect or pur aie
at base, 20-60 em. tall: panicle 7-20 e
n 8
long, narr spikelets 8—11 a
glumes very unequal, the first 1-1.5 mm
long.—Dry ds and. waste-places, various
provinces, Ga. to La. and Mass. Na
Eu.—(W. I., Mex.)
3. F. sciurea cu Similar to F. Myuros:
spikelets 4—5 mm. long: first glume 2 mm.
long.—Sandy Bun Coastal Plain and
adj. provinees, Fla. to Te x. Okla., and Va.
4. F. rubra L. em solitary, pde a few stems together, 30—80 em.
tall: leaves glabrous: panicles 5-20 e m. long, usually contracted, the branches
lon h
erect: spikelets 4-6-flow wered, 7-8 mm. long: le d —/ mm. long, the awn
usually about half as long.—Bra ckish meadows along the coast, N. C. to Lab.;
on n oe n also cult. and escaped, various MARE Ga. to Tenn.
and Md.—(Eur sia.)
4a. F. ovina L. and some of its allies are cuum o introduced with grass
seed, but they do not appear to persist. ey resemble F. rubra but are erect
and po tufted.—F. ovina L. (SHEEP’s j Pda has eapillary short firm
lades, the awn of ore l F. c m. h
t ma es or more long.—
dene. flexuous capillary blades, the lemmas awnless or nearly so.—F. du
cula L. (HARD FESCUE) has firm blades about 1 mm. wide. `
5. F. elatior L. Stem 50-120 em. tall: leaf- blades 4-8 mm. wide: panie
10-20 em. long, the branches Spreading in HOWCE appressed in ' fruit, ee
bearing nearly to base: spikelets 9-11 mm. long: lemmas acu e, a awnless, rarely
short-awned.—Meadows and waste- -places, from Ala. to La. northwa rd n nearly
throughout U. S. and S Can. Cult. as meadow grass. Nat. of Eu.
6. F. obtusa Spreng. Stem solitary or few, 40-120 em. tall: panicle diffuse,
dro coping, 10-20 em. long, ud E anches loosely spikelet -bearing near th
spikelets 3-5-flowered, 5-7 long. [F. nutans Spren eng. ]|—Moist woods,
various provinces, EN to Tex. "N. D., and N. S.
7. F. Shortii Kunth. Resembles F. obtusa: panicle more compact, the
shorter branches s spikelet- -bearing from about the middle, E e spikelets ieee
—Wet prairies, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia. and P
94. SCLEROPOA Griseb. Low annual. Spikelets spiral- ian linear,
somewhat compressed, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and be-
tween the florets: glumes unequal, short, acutish, strongly Pun the first
l-nerved, the second 3-nerved: lemmas convex, nearly terete, glabrous, obseurely
134 POACEAE
5-nerved, obtuse, awnless, slightly scarious
at the tip. Resembling Festuca. — One
species, native of Eu.
1. S. rigida rs Griseb. Stems p Or
T 10-20 em. tal, glabrous or
inutely Pee ere leaf-blades flat, 1-2
mm. wide: panicles narrow, condensed, 5-10
mm ng, lemmas about 2.5 long. [Di iplachne rigida Munro]—
(PRICKLY FESCUE. N ‘places, E EF] with ballast, aa Fla.
and Mobile, Ala.; also S Mis
95. BROMUS L. Low or rather tall annuals or perennials, with closed
sheaths, flat blades and open or contracted panicles of large spikelets.
lets several- to many-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes
and between the florets; glumes unequal, acute, the first 1- to 3-nerved, the
second usually 3- to 5-nerved; lemmas convex on the din or keeled, 5- to
perate regions nudi ord CHEATS. pne
oca ODE te. Hie awn the lemmas distinetly po A LE dies lemmas acumi-
e, : usually not more than
: plan nt a I. UNIOLOIDES.
Spire usually rus flattened: lemmas not Sonipressedeeodiod
ant perennial. II. CILIATI.
Planta dE
Glu mo rather broad: lemmas broadly ellipti III. RACEMOSI.
lumes narrow : lemmas narrow and sradualiy acuminate. IV. STERILES.
I. UNIOLOIDES
Plant rather stout, with tufted, usually decumbent stems, and
pubescent leaf-sheaths. 1. B. unioloides.
II. CILIATI
Lemmas awnless or nearly so: panicle a suberect. 2. B. inermis.
Lemmas long-awned : panicle-branches droop
m S.
Lemmas glabrou 3. B. laeviglumis.
Lemmas pubescent or scabrous. 4. B. purgans
III. RACEMOSI
Leaf-sheaths glabrous. 5. B. secalinus.
Leaf-sheaths pubescent. 6. B. commutatus.
IV. EE
Awns about 1.5 mm. long: lemmas pubes 7. B. tectorum.
Awns 2-3 em. long: lemmas scabrous- phe NE 8. B. sterilis.
1. B. unioloides H. B. K. Stem rather stout, 30—100 em. tall: paniele 15—50
em. long, usually narrow, the branches appre essed, sometimes wider with spread-
ing branches: spikelets 2-3.5 cm. long, 7—11-fülowered: first glume, 5-nerve
—]0 mm. long, the second 7-nerved, 10-13 mm. pons lemmas subcoriaceous,
POACEAE | 135
glabrous or scabrous, 13-16 mm. g—-
Waste- "places, roadsides, and prairies, vari-
ous provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and
—(Mez., C. A. 8. A. )— Cult. as [emm
GRASS.
nermis Leyss. Perennial with
creeping rootstock: b. linear, each:
the lemmas awnless or nearly so, gla abrous.—
( BROME-GRASS. ) — Cult. and rarely found in
waste-plaees within our P Nat of Eu.
It differs from B. inermis in Ge no root-
stocks; also N. Y. to Wash. and Me.
15-20 em. long: spikelets, TE 5. 2 cm. long:
lemmas ina l a zs ong, the awn about half as lon ng. [B.c ciliatus loevigtumis
. C. to N.
. B. rgans L. Stem 70-140 em. tall: leaf-sheaths sparsely retrorsely
pilose: blades as much as 1.5 em. wide: paniele 15—25 em. long, the Vin
bearing a few spikelets near de nds: spike let s 2—2.5 em. long, 7— i flowered:
lemmas 10-12 mm. long, densely db ent all. over, the awn 4-6 m T
and Vt.
Dry woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mont.,
4a. Bromus ciliatus L. has been found in Tenn. It differs from B. purgan
in the e EEan at margin, glabrous on back; also W. Va., o Cal
and northw
5. B. secalinus L. Stem 40-100 em. tall: dris open, eae em. long, the
branches drooping: spikelet 5—15-flowered, glabrou : Jemm s 8-11 mm. long,
plump at maturity, the margins inrolled, the awn bes less des o mm. “in ng.—
(CHESS. CHEAT. 2 S000 and waste- -places, nearly throughout U. S. and S
Nat. of E
6. B..commutatus Schrad. Similar to B. secalinus, but is leaf- dremi pubes-
he
cent: lemmas pee cud 2 duod less plump, argins not inrolled.
[B. racemosus k.]—Waste-places, from us C, Tenn., and Tex
northward, cea throughout "V. S. and S Can. Na t.
= Bromus japoni Thunb. has been found in N. C. and K It differs
cus Ky.
m B. commutatus in the slender flexuous ue of the paniele and the
d awn; also Vt. to Calif. and Wash.—(Eurasia.)
7. B. m L. Stem d em. tall: leaves ad I panicle
rather due ; droopin ng, 6-15 em. long: spikelets 13-20 . long, nodding.—
Waste-pla ces, various provinces, "Miss. and Tenn. to Wash. and Me.; Pacific
Coast. Nat. of Eu.
B. sterilis L. Leaves minutely puberulent: panicle 10-20 em. long, broad,
Er Pe the slender branchlets usually bearin g one spikelet: spikelets
2.5-3.5 em. long, drooping.—Waste-places, various provinces, Ñ. C. to A , Il.,
and Mags. "Nae of Eu.—(W. I.)
C 96. LOLIUM L. Annuals or pressis with flat blades and simple ter-
minal flat spikes. ikelets several- flowered, solitary, sessile, placed edgewise
i
except on the terminal spikelet), the second outward, strongly 3—5-nerved:
136 POACEAE
lemmas rounded on the back, 5- to 7-nerved.—Eight species, natives of Eurasia.
—RYE-GRASSES. DARNELS
Glume equalling the uppermost floret: plant annual. 1. L.temulentum.
Glume E PR the spikelet : plants perennial.
Lemmas a 2. L. multiflorum.
Lem Hs alee or nearly so. l 3. L. perenne
1. L. ben L. Stem 60-120 em. tall: spike 10-30 cm. long: iid
5—-7-flowered: 1 wned or awnless, plump.—(POISON-DARNEL.)— Was
places, | dons provinces, Ga. to Tex., Kan., | !
and N. B. Nat. of Eu.
2. L. multiflorum Lam. Stem 30-60 cm
nearly throughout U. S; infrequent south-
ward. Nat. of Eu.
3. L. perenne L. Rese mbles L. multiflorum :
ERENN
and . waste-places, cult. eadow gra
northern Wr pr eu ogee. bur locally naturalized. Nat. of Eu.
97. AGROPYRON Gaertn. Our species perennials, with erect culms, erect
spikes, and ereeping rootstocks. Lis c several-flowered, solitary, sessile,
placed flatwise at loa joint of & contin
ous rachis; glumes equal, firm, ie
nerved, ine god than the first lemma,
acute ned: lemmas convex on the
. back, r veter firm, 5-7-nerved, usually acute
or awned from the apex: palea shorter than
the lemma.—Sixty species, natives of tem-
perate regions generally.—W HEAT-GRASSES.
QUITCH-GRASSES. QUICK-GRASSES.
1. A. repens (L.) Beauv. Plant green or
eeu peces about 5-flowered, 1-1.5
em. long: glumes 8-10 mm. long, stro ngly
with an awn about 5 m —(QUACK GRASS.)—Fields and waste-places,
from N. C. northward ae ‘throughout the N U. S. Nat. of Eu.—(Mez.)
98. HORDEUM [Tourn.] L. Low or rather tall annuals or perennials
mita fiat blades and dense terminal cylindrical or bristly-bushy spikes. Spike-
1-flowered, 8 together at each node of the articulate rachis, the middle one
eae the others short-pedicelled, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes
and, in the central spikelet, prolonged behind the palea as a bristle, this some-
times bearing a rudimentary floret: lateral spikelets reduced, imperfect; glumes
S
lemmas rounded on the back, 5-nerved, usually obscurely so, tapering into a
usually long awn.—Twenty species, natives of the temperate region of both
hemispheres.—BARLEY-GRASSES. DWARF-BARLEYS
POACEAE . 137
Glumes not cil
Glumes of fa tile Spikelet dilated above the D plant annual. 1. H. pusillum.
Glumes not RS ted, all awn-like: plant perennial. 2. H. nodosum.
Glumes, or some of them, ciliate: plant annual, 3. H. murinum.
1. H. pusillum Nutt. Stem 10-40 em. tall: spike narrow, erect, 2-7 em. long:
first glume of each lateral Jd and both glumes of central spikelet dilated
above the base.—Open S, vari
uo Fla. to Calif., Wash.. Ohio, to
Me., and D. C.— — (Mea .)
2. H. nodosum L. Plant larger than H.
pusillum, the st stems tufted, commonly 30-60
ik 0 mm. wi ri
Plain, in ali and in Piedmont northward.
m L. Stem bushy-branched,
3. H.
spreadi ing e 5-7 cm. long, often partly
inelosed in the me inflated sheath:
glumes entral spikelet narrowly
spindle-form, 3-nerved, i cage on both
margins, the nerves scabrous: awns 2-3 em. gr —Fields, waste- T and
open ground, various provinces, Ala. to Mass.; also W U. S. Nat. of Eu.
: YMUS L. Erect usually rather tall perennials, with flat blades
and terminal spikes. Spikelets 2- to 6-flowered, sessile in pairs (rarely in 3’s),
on a continuous rachis, the rachilla Re above the glumes and be-
tween the florets; glumes P usually rigid, sometimes indurate below,
narrow, sometimes subulate, 1- sever ee acute to d somewhat
asymmetric and placed in front p the spikelet: lemmas rounded on the bae
or nearly terete, obscurely 5-nerved, acute or usually awned fon the. tip.—
Twenty-five species, in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.—
WILD-RYES. LYME-GRASSES. BUFFALO-RYES.
Glumes narrowly lanceolate, more or less indurate at base. 1. E. virginicus.
Glumes very narrow with about 2 strong nerves.
Leaf-blades pubescent. 2. E. striatus.
Leaf-blades glabrous. 3. E. riparius.
E. virginicus L. Stem 60—100 cm. tall: spike erect, often included at base
in the upper leaf- EE nd elets glabrous, fius gluines s rigid, broadened and
bowed out abov e the e yellowi E ndur
lemmas awned, the awn mostly 1 FP m. long.
—(TERRELL-GRASS.)—Moist woods, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mont., and Newf.—
o
: E.
hel bila lal ad, with villous hirsute
lemmas and gum s, within the range of the
spec E. sere australis with narrow
Sume which, like the lemmas, are villous-
hirsute and with long awns, Ga. to Tex. and
Mass.; E. virginicus glabriflorus, with glab-
rous spikelets, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Md.
2. E. striatus Willd. Stem bann 50-100
em. tall: leaf-blades 6-10 m wide, villous
138 POACEAE
on the upper surface: apes Eas ER pale, 5-10 cm. uoi icu long-
Men. spikelets 1- "n Pai red, what spreadin ng: glumes 1.5-3 cm. long,
villous: lemmas about 6 mm. Re dede the awns 2-3 em. s (glumes and
. to Tex.
lemmas glabrous in E. siriatus A E provinces, Tenn
and Wyo.)—(BLUE-JOINT.)—Rocky woods, various provinces, N. C. “to Tex.,
Wyo., and Vt.
parius Wiegand. Stem rather slender, 90—150 cm. tall; leaf-sheaths
glabrous; rs S D scabrous, 5-15 mm. wide; spike somewhat nodding,
7-20 ¢ ong: glu narrow, som RR c but not bowed-out at base:
ims Re hispidulo us, the awn straight, bc) 2-3 em. i LO
banks and low ground, various provinces, "N Fla. to Ky., Ind., and Que
100. HYSTRIX Moench. Erect perennials with flat leaf-blades and loosely
flowered bristly spikes. Spikelets 2- to 4-flowered, sessile, 1 to 3 at each node
of a continuous flattened rachis, horizontally
spreading at maturity: glumes reduced to y
short awns, the first usually obsolete, both N 4
often wanting in the upper spikelets: lem- NN
mas convex, rigid, tapering into long awns, E
5-nerved, the nerves obscure except toward »p"
the tip: palea about as long as the body of
the lemma.—Four species, of temperate re- e" »
gions, but widely scattered.
1. H. Hy strix (L.) Millsp. Stem 60-120
em. tall: leaf-sheaths glabrous or scabrous;
blades mostly 7-15 mm. wide: spike 8-15
em. long, the internodes of the rachis 5-10
mm. long: spikelets 1-1.5 cm. long: lemmas glabrous, the awns 1-4 em. long,
straight or rarely curved. [As prelia. dde Willd. |—(Bor epee GRASS.
BOTTLERUSH.)—-Moist woods, various pro es, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to
Okla., Minn., and N. B.—The inflorescence 2i ubies S à commereial bottle-brush.
101. ARUNDINARIA Michx. Gregarious shrubs or tall reeds, with
woody perennial — Mni flat leaf-blades with petioles articulate with
the sheaths, and 1 racemes or panicles. Spikelets few- to many-flowered,
large, ds dais ps rà PU Ra E above the glumes and between
the florets: glumes unequal, Shorter than the lemmas, the first sometimes want-
ing: e acute or acuminate, mucronate, faintly many-nerved: palea about
as long as the lemma, prominently 2-keeled.— T wenty-five species, all except the
ANS ‘in the tropies of both hemispheres.—CANES.
Inflorescence borne on short leafless radical shoots Ko ~ year. 1. A. tect
Inflorescence borne on leafy branches of the old c 2. A. 2 GO denen m:
1. A. tecta (Walt.) Muhl. Stem 1-4 m. tall: leaf-blades 8-20 cm. long:
paniele of few aggregate aida on Pid oe eg rather loose sheaths,
the aaa obsolete k E Ay so: spikelets 2.5—4 cm. long, 5—10-flowered.—
(SMALL-CANE. REED. Sw -CANE.)— 2 ur swamps und bogs, Coastal "Plain
and occasionally Appalachian provinces, Fla. to La. and Md.—Stems in col-
CYPERACEAE 139
onies dd sometimes flower several seasons
in succession. Leaves usually rough,
ose.
2. A. gigantea (Walt.) Chapm. Stem a
much as 10 m. tall and 7 em. thick at Bese:
leaf-blades 20-50 cem. long: panicle of few
simple unequal racemes: spikelets 3-5 cm.
long, 5-15-flowered. . macrosperma |
Michx. ]— (LARGE-CANE. GIANT-CANE.)—Al-
luvial situations, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex
Okla., Ky., and Va.—Stems arborescent,
forming ““cane- -brakes. ^^ Plants flow at
i ud and indefinite periods. The P re-
mble bamboo. Stock browse on the young
sc and seeds. Young shoots are used as
a pot her Aa Stems of the large cane are
sed for fishing- poles: mats, baskets, and a variety of other purposes. Leaves
cele ERU ascending.
Famity 29. CYPERACEAE — SEDGE FAMILY
Grass-like or rush-like caulescent or seapose herbs, when perennial
usually with scaly or tuber-bearing rootstocks. Stems or scapes (culms)
t
es.
monoecious or dioecious, borne in spikelets, usually solitary in the axils of
each scale (bract, glume), the spikelets solitary or variously clustered, the
seales 2-ranked or spirally imbricate, sometimes partly changed into leaves.
Perianth hypogynous, consisting of’ bristles or -a or a
droecium of 1 ens, or ly of e. Gyno of 2
rpels. Ovary l-eelled. Styles united. Stigmas 2 or r3 Ovules solitary,
anatropous uit a lenticular or 3-angled e.—Abo gene d
3,200 oS of wide geographic distribution, but of little economic im-
portan
Spikelets with perfect flowers, or some Toners with abortive androecium or gynoecium.
Scales of the spikelet enclosing 1 or 2 bractlets. Tribe I. HEMICARPHEAE,
Scales of the spikelet not enclosing bractlets.
Spikelets many-flowered, sometimes few- ‘flowered, with
“the lowest scale, or rarely several of the lower scales,
ower
Spikelets 1- or 2-flowered, or rarely several- flowered,
with 2—several of the lower scales D III. RYNCHOSPOREAE.
Spikelets w with monoecious or dioecious flower
Pistillate flower subtended by a flat scale: aegis exposed. IV. SCLERIEAE.
Pi pe m xs n and achene, enclosed in a utricle (peri-
IL SCIRPEAE.
V. CARICEAE.
I. HEMICARP
Flower enclosed in 2 bractlets, one of them npe the other
^A posterior. 1. LIPOCARPHA
Flower subtended by a single minute posterior bractlet. 2. HEMICARPHA.
II. Scr
Scales of the spikelets conduplicate, fien. keeled, -2-ranked,
the spikelets mostly flattene
Flowers with barbed perianth- ‘bristles,
Flowers without perianth-bristles
ene smooth: style-base Hot swolle
a with 2-many perfect flowers : achéne en-
closed in a single scale 4. CYPERUS.
, Spikelets with 1 perfect flower : achene enclosed in "^
a pair of scales 5
_ 9. DULICHIUM.
. KYLLINGA.
ABILDGAARDIA.
Achene warty: gtyle- -base swollen. 6.
140 CYPERACEAE
cas of the spikelets merely concave, spirally imbricate.
ase of the style ic swollen, por as a tu-
bercle on the achene, xd 2 duous in Websteria.
aere (bristles) wan
ne not surm a by a tubercle: dilated style-
P trune "ron T. FIMBRISTYLIS.
~,
chene surmounted by a tubercle: dilated style-
base not ee 8. STENOPHYLLUS.
Perianth- (bristles) present.
se herbs: Di solitary, several-many-fiow
are ed. : achene tubercled : anthers ellipsoid He lin-
ear, not conspicuously elongate. 9. ELEOCHARIS.
ee herbs: spikelets umbellate, 1-flowered :
achene not tu ibercled: anthers linear- filiform,
Ereatly dona E 10. WEBSTERIA.
Base of Plc style not at all, or only slightly, thickened,
deciduous.
Penan i EUR — or elongate bristles, or obsolete or
Perianth -bristles numerous, greatly n silky. 11. PEL DUM,
Perianth-bristles 1-8, short, stiff, or wan 12. SciR
Perianth of 3 sessile or stipitate scales, ud 'alter-
nating with as many barbed bristles 13. FUIRENA.
III. RYNCHOSPOREAE
Stigmas 2: achene lenticular
Spikelets in a dense Hero subtended’ by a leafy involucre. 14. DICHROMENA.
Spikelets not in dense involucrate heads.
Spikelets several-flowered: perianth n "^ 15. PSILOCARYA.
Spikelets 1-2-flowered, or rarely few Hom ceed perianth
resent, the bristles sometimes deciauous or Am 16. RYNCHOSPORA.
Stigmas 3: achene 3-angled.
Viger wanting: spikelets short and stout: achene dark.
rescence paniculate: spikelets straight: achene of
"un ovoid type. 17. MARISCUS.
Inflorescence capitate: spikelets curved: achene ellip-
soid, similar at both ends. 18. REMIREA.
Perianth present : spikelets slender: achene white. 19. SCHOENUS.
IV. SCLERIEAE
Spikes few-flowered: perianth-bristles wanting: achene bony
or crustaceous, with a disk at the base. 20. SCLERIA.
V. CARICEAE
Plant with more than one leaf, each leaf a a sheath, a li-
gule, and a midrib. 21. CAREX.
Plant with one leaf, the leaf without sheath, ligule, or midrib. 22. CYMOPHYLLUS.
1. LIPOCARPHA R. Pr, Annual low tufted herbs. Leaf-blades very
narrow. Spikelets many-flowered, few in a terminal involuerate head. Scales
firm, spirally ee my a subtending a pair of bractlets which enclose a
flower, or ibis of the lower ones empty. Flowers perfect. Perianth want-
m Stamens 1 or 2. Style deciduous, not enlarged at the base. Stigmas 2 —
r 3. Achene flattened or 3-angled.—About 15 species, widely distributed.
RAY)
i
1. L. maculata (Michx.) Torr. Plant d OM
aper leaf- Ms narrowly linear, 1-2 AA,
wide, volute: scape flattened, SSS) Wit, ^
taller than the esos involueral bracts Sw NU REE
2-4, wed above the dilated leaves:
spikelets ovoid or ellipsoid, 4-7 mm. long;
cales rhombic-cuneate, scarcely 2 mm.
ina, white-ma cae ed, or Mn Misa
brown spots: exterior braet hyaline,
is |a piss pale, ellipsoid -obovoid,
ong.—Mois and springy
ied Coastal Pla. Fla. 3 wn and V a:
Adv. N.— —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. 4) —Sum
fall.
b
CYPERACEAE 141
2. HEMICARPHA Nees & Arn. Annual low or dwarf caulescent herbs.
Leaf-blades very narrow or slender. Spikelets many-flowered, solitary or
few together in an involuerate head, one involucral bract much exceeding
the spikelets. Scales firm, spirally imbri-
eate, each subtending a minute posterior
bractlet and a flower. Flowers perfect. A
Perianth wanting. Stamens 1 or 2. Style (7778
i d not swollen at the base. Stigmas
Achene flattened or nearly terete.— ~
i t 5 species, natives of warm regions.
Besides the following, oer species occur
n the western U. S.—Sum.-fall
1. H. micrantha (Vahl) Pax. Plant 2-10
em. tall or rarely more, often tufted or in
mats: stem very slen der r, glabrous: leaf-
blades setaceous, smooth: Dad peni
or 2 or 3 together, ovoid, 2—4 . long, not br istl y: scales cuneate or n
obov Ee about 1 mm. lo ong, ades po ibas braetlets fully 0.5 mm. lon i
delicately veined: achene subeylindrie or ellipsoid-ovoid, about 0 Du m. ]
mucronulate, light-brown.—Moist soil and pond-margins, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Wash., Ont., and N. H.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
3. DULICHIUM L. C. Rich . Perennial tall caulescent herbs, the ipi
hollow, d leafy. Leaf-blades short, very short or wanting on
lower shea Spikelets several-flowered, 2-ranked on axillary peduncles, bed
Seales 2- d conduplicate, decurrent as
a wing on the lower joint. Flowers perfect.
Perianth of 6-9 retrorsely barbed elongate
bristles. Stamens 3. Style not swollen.
Stigmas 2. Achene flattened, narrow,
beaked with the persistent style-base—One
species. -
arundinaceum Se de Plants
ll:
D.
gregarious, the stem u . tall: leaf-
Pura B ie Or ha flat, linear,
-8 long: Dus narrowly linear
b UN 1-2.5 em. long: appressed,
lanceolate, fully ug as Pa as on Senay -
joints: achene linear- spe d, 3-3.5 m Sum. slightly stipitate, each with a
setaceous beak.— ( SHEATHED- GALIN GALE, pues wamps, springy places, and pond-
margins, various P Fla. to Tex., Wash., Ont., and N. S. — Sum fall.
4, CYPERUS [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial scapose herbs. Leaves
basal, with elongate narrow blades or rarely mere sheaths. Scapes simple (in
our species) with a terminal involucre of one or several bracts which subtend
e simple or compound inflorescence. pag escence-branches, when present,
owered,
or nearly terete, borne in clusters, heads, spikes, or panicles: scales
2-ranked, deciduous, or persistent and falling away with the rachis which dis-
142 CYPERACEAE
articulates above the lower pair of scales or with each joint of the rachis when
it breaks up into l-fruited sections, the d of the rachis often iyd
Flowers perfect. Perianth wanting. Stamens 1-3. Style deciduous.
Stigm
2 or 3. Achene lenticular or 3-angled. ae 600 21 pes mons
ES. SWE
in warm regions.—Sum.—fall, or all year S.— QALIN
HES . m
The tuberous-thickened rootstocks of some species are H as hon
Stigmas 2: achene of a. lentieular t
Achene e ud ars ( SUDsendE I. Pycreus.)
chene m than the subtending Scale:
Achene Shae FE Mone as the subtending scale.
Achene dr flattened. Ceca S Ii. Juncellus.)
Stigmas 3: achene of a triquetrous type.
Spikelets E on the spike-rachis. (Subgenus
. Eucyperus.
Wings of the spikelet-rachis, if any, very narrow.
Plant annu
Scales of the spikelets awn-tipped.
Scales of the spikelets obtuse, acute, or merely
acuminate.
Achene ae shorter than the subtend-
ing sca
Bo as long as the subtending scale
and
Plant €
Scales of the spikelets appressed, Con EROU:
the rachis- B very Shor
Stamen s 3: lea E vise s
Stam md leaves not viscid.
Seales of. the Sbikelets mot o eed distant,
une SS CM odes % as long as the
es or
Wings of the spikelet-r radhis prominen often very
broad, persistent or deciduou
Rachis-wings persistent : TA perennial,
e n ;
Leave
"d ^ of the s
Inflorescence subtended by an invo-
lucre of 2 short er ect or ascending
numerous elongate spread-
d and drooping bracts: spikelets
end: shining.
with Tonea e inean blades.
Scapes node © nearly tere
ees oe deciduous as inicios Scales: plant
Spikelets "deciinotis above the lower pair of scales, or
reaking up into 1-fruited sections.
Spikelets deciduous above the lower pair of scales.
ubgenus IV. Mariscella. x.
ry narrow.
Achene less than thrice as lon ng as thic k.
dE breaking up into 1- fruited sections. (Sub-
genus V. Torulinium.)
I. FLAVESCENTES
chene orbicular-obovoid or suborbicular, the superficial
cells oblong.
Achene ellipsoid, obovoid, or linear, the superficial cells
Seales of the spikelets obtuse, acute, or mucronulate.
Achene Ne a broadly SO.
Sta s 2: stigmas much exserted beyond the
stamens 3: stigmas included, or only slightly
rte
Nene incar d ellipsoid, oval, or narrowly obovoid.
Scales of the spikelets obtuse.
I.
II.
TII
IV.
vV.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
FLAVESCENTES.
SABULOSI.
LAEVIGATI.
CUSPIDATI.
COMPRESSI.
TRIAE.
D
VIRE
DISTANTES.
. HASPAN.
XI. ALTERNIFOLII.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
ESCULENTI.
ARTICULATI.
ERYTHRORHIZI.
STRIGOSI.
iom
TETRAGONI.
SPECIOSI.
1. C. flavescens.
2. C. diandrus.
3. C. rivularis.
4. C. densus.
CYPERACEAE
rv: of ae spikelets mens
Achene nearly 1. . long: scales about 3
Ini ong.
Bene qu 1 mm. long: scales 2 mm. long
Spikelets in stiff clusters, spreading.
le mm.
ike E: 5-2 wide: achene
much r % as T as the scale.
Spikelets bs or less: achene
i mm
slightly over 1e 2 as long as the scale.
s in soft p e-like, often dense,
lusters, erect $ oa ng.
Scales of the spikelets prominently Short-pointed be-
yond the scarious margin
II. SABULOSI
Achene less than 1.5 mm. long, about Esas the sub-
tending scale.
III. LAEVIGATI
Spikelets few, in a cluster, appearing lateral on the s
one inv
tipped,
Spikelets nome us, in a terminal erect head: several in-
volucral Binet Slongate and spreading: anther blunt,
Jess than 1 mm. lon
cape:
oluc erie m. Tome. elongate and erect: anther donder
IV. CUSPIDATI
Scale-body acute or rounded at the base of the awn: achene
cuneate-obovoid.
Scale-body Oecd at the base of the awn: achene obovoid.
V. Com
Spikelets in stiff clusters: achene less ibis pe as Sloane as
the scale.
VI. IRI
d in DON like clusters: achene as dong as the sub-
Ing S
VII. ELEGANTES
Spikelets crowded; scales with ciliate-serrulate keels.
VIII. VIRENTES
Young spikelets long and narrow; scales persistent.
Young spikelets short and broad; ' scales deciduous.
Achene linear or narrowly ellipsoid, over 1 mm. long.
ch ene 2 oM ellipsoid : spikelet-scales about 2.5
mm
Achene linear : spikelet-scales about 2 mm.
long.
Achene oval or broadly ellipsoid, less than
1 mm. long.
IX. DISTANTES
Spikelets in irregular spikes, very slender
X. HASPAN
Spikelets linear to linear-lanceolate, oue 1 mm. wide:
involueral bracts 2, erect or ascendi ing
XI. ALTERNIF
Spikelets ovate to elliptie, 2-2.5 mm. E
bracts numerous, spreading and droopin
LII
involueral
XII Esc NTI
Seales of the 2 M with lax or E A
mucronate ti
mea n the apielsts bs serene obtuse, acute, or ob-
urely mucronulate t
ree 16 as PA 2 us ‘scale or less: scales blunt,
od a the a
16 AE lon g as the seale or more: scales
lunt, or mucronulate, not hooded at the
a E
PEE of bed br partly reddish-brown or pur-
row
Spikelets of EU feos or yellowish-brown scales,
13.
14.
. C.
11. C.
C.
ao
. C.
. C.
; C.
. ©.
. C.
filicinus.
microdontus.
paniculatus.
odoratus.
pumilus.
. sabulosus.
laevigatus.
Careyi.
in flezus.
cuspidatus.
compressus.
Iria.
elegans.
ochraceus.
143
virens.
pseudovegetus.
surinamensis.
distans.
Haspan.
alternifolius.
dentatus.
Le Contei.
rotundus.
144 CYPERACEAE
Spikelet-scales less than 3 mm. long.
Spikelet-scales 3 mm. long or more.
, - XIII. ARTICULATI
Tall gregarious perennial, the leaves mostly represented
by basal sheaths: spikes umbel-like.
XIV. ERYTHRORHIZI
Spikelets m D ore mostly over 5 mm. long: spikes
mainly ellipso
Spikelets few-flowered, mostly less than 5 mm. long: spikes
mainly cylindri
XV. oe
Spike-rachis very short, the spike thus globos
Spike-rachis Eu fhe Es thus longer than wide.
chene over % a s the subtending scale.
Achene less iun S do A fone as the subtending scale.
Scales uh s ue appressed : anthers less than
Seales "of Pu *pikelets lax: anthers over 0.5 mm.
long.
XVI. PRAELONGATI
Spikelets loosely spicate or paniculate, or capitate.
Spikelets in d or many spikes or panicles.
chene . long, less Erie E as long as the
scale: Suhiewinds very narr
ia ne 2.5-3 mm. long, fully 15 2s EHE as the scale:
achis-wings bro
Spik elets capitate, the hoad solitary.
Spikelets crowded, sometimes densely so, in globose, cylin-
dric, or obovoid spikes
Spikelets e or deflexed, Mae spikes broadest at the
ove the mi
Scape SOnEH- pubescent, AE least above.
In noe eee h: lower spikelets de-
exe
Inflorescence- du. smooth: lower spikelets re-
flexed-spreadin
Scape smooth and gla labro
as T AET in all prm only the basal
exe
Spikes oar fh Ras Ten to cylindric, or narrowed
Spikes ERE to cylindri
.5 mm. long p? less.
Sp fiel E P id -flowered : rachis-wings
oa
Spikes ellipsoid, sometimes nar-
ii ue por E spikelets 3-4
long, gre
Spikes cylindric, “the larger ones,
lea eo compound: spikelets
long, stramineous.
Spikelets 3-44 flowered: rachis- -wings
very na
Spikelets 5 i lon ng or mo
xdi stramineous : saks 1.5-2 mm.
ng,
Spikes green : scales 2.5-3 mm. long,
closely appressed.
Spikes globose.
XVII. TETRAGON
alas S bearing 1-4 achenes; i ies ap-
Spikes dense, the spikelets usually crowded Ra aes
Spikes umbellate, ov ee e e globose, or de-
spikelets subul
Spikes o a so ometimes “with a small clus-
Spikes ellipsoid p? oval.
30.
38.
39.
QR
. C.
. C.
E C.
. C.
«€.
. C.
esculentus.
lutescens.
. articulatus.
. erythrorhizos.
Halei.
Martindalei.
litoreus.
strigosus.
stenolepis.
praelongatus.
refractus.
floridanus
retrofractus.
dipsaciformis.
hystricinus.
lancastriensis.
retrorsus.
Torreyi.
. C. Deeringianus.
C.
Pollard.
Winkleri.
Plankii.
ovularis.
51. C. Nash.
CYPERACEAE
pikes globose or Hd or globose-ovoid.
Spikes paniculately branched, compound.
Spikes npud cylindric : spikelets ellipsoid or
ellipsoid-ov
Spikes lax or stiff, ‘the spikelets loosely spreading.
Spikele ded slender, linear-subulate to subulate, 4-8
mes as long as wide.
Spikelets CER PUDE on the rachis; scales over
ng.
Spikelets ‘separated on the rachis; scales less
ong.
Spikelets SEDE 7 linear-elliptie to elliptie, 2-3 times
ng as wide.
Spikelets posed to yee bearing 8-12 achenes:
scales not appre
Spikelets oo or = yenlowialt: green.
Spikelets less than 2 mm. wide: achene ellipsoid,
about 0. 5 mm. vide
S elets
ae mm. wide: achene obovoid, about 1
achis-wings obsolete ‘or very narr
Inflores a
rachis stout.
Rachis-wings broad, partly enveloping the achene.
III. SPECIOSI
Seales of the spikelets distant, the successive scales on
either side remote aN m the bases of those above them :
achene linear-ellipso
Scales of the spikelets mafesi imbricate : achene broader.
Achen Se Di. P ud obovoid, or ellipsoid-obovoid,
nequ
Spikes pipe sh or grayish-brown ; as firm:
achene obovoid, sometimes narrowly
pikes dull- brown; scales thin: achene ‘ellipsoid or
CIE oid:obovel
Achene broadly obovoid or obpyramidal, equilateral.
ns L. Plant ee tufted, up to 4 dm.
C. flav
S E clustered linear, 8-1 eee straw- Colored.
mm. long, or obtus ish, EU
pec cuin. UE id, or subo aes hed
1 mm. long, about % as long as the scale, M
vou a pe
Y S.
PAS
222
:
variou
T
Ce
bla ae —Low
poe Fla. to
(
Tex., Mich.,
W. I., Mez., C. A., O. W.)
[i
oc
NS.
SS
T.
p?
2. C. diandrus Torr.
ER
ae,
Plant annual, T
ted,
stigmas E usly exserted
scales: achene obovoid, often pb y
80,
bct m mm. dong, a about 14 as long as the scale, brown
n
52. C. globulosus.
53. C. ligularis.
54. C. cayennensis.
55. C. hermaphroditus.
e
e
Q
. dissitiflorus.
57. C. tetragonus.
58. C. multiflorus.
59. C. filiculmis.
60. C. Blodgettii.
61. C. fuligineus.
62. C. brunneus
63. C. Engelmannii.
64. C. ferax.
65. C. speciosus.
66. C. longispicatus.
tall, ies iig
scales o e, abou
or gray.—(CYPRESS-
rounds, swamps, and marshes, various provinces, Ala. to Nebr.
nth. Similar to C. diandrus in habit: Vii clustered,
3. C. rivularis K
ovate, elliptic, or Dons linear, 8-20 mm
| i vate o rhombic-ovate, about 3 m
id pa eA obtuse, ue
SOT fully 1 m. long, a
. long, with bro oad brow
ong as the scale,
. long, somewhat shining: scales firm
B
wn margins or brown,
stigmas slightly exserted: | achene broadly
s lo
brown.—Wet soil or
out
low ground, chiefly à along doin or pode various pone "N. C. to Ark,
Ne E and Me.
nen
146 CYPERACEAE
C. densus Link. Plant annual, pe tufted, up to 7 dm. tall, bright-
De spikelets clustered, sometimes densely so, linear to lanceolate, 5-9 m
ab
long, straw-colored or yellowis sh- green: scales thinnish, ovate, about 2 mm. long,
D d sometimes loosely so: achene oval or ellipsoid- obovate, oo
lm , % as long as the scale, brown.—Ditches and moist gron und, or som
ins EDUC Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mex., C. 2 A.)
5. C. filicinus Vahl. Plant annual, tufted, up to 3 dm. tall, hee n) green:
T s rather loosely clustered, linear to linear-lanceolate, 9-30 m long,
inly yellowish-brown: scales firm, o vate or pan ombie, D 3m
a mucronulate, pf appres d achene obov or narrowly eae,
nearly 1.5 mm. long, obtuse or truncate at the apex, enr -brown, 15 as long as
the scale or near ly so.—The plant of the Southern States has narr ower spike-
lets and narrower achenes. (C. Nuttall ul n ty and braekish eV
and low grounds, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Miss. and
Me.—(W. I.)
C. microdontus Torr. Plant annual, tufted, up to 7 dm. tall, e
green: T d linear, often narrowly so, 6-18 mm. long, yellowi
thin about 1.5 m
ong or rarely nearly 2 mm. lon d
Es notched, or Pus pointed, rather loosely ic achene we
abo , mueronulate, grayis ly % as pu as the seale.—Moist
and N. J.
ou
to wet Sond, Coastal Plain and adj. pr ovinces, Fla. to Tex.
C. paniculatus Rottb. sree m tufted, up to 6 dm. tall, ae green:
j lus
pale a undi scales tee firm, elliptic to ovate, 1.0—2 mm. on o
rarely longer, mucron e: achene ellipsoid- obovate, ee 1 mm. long, mu-
eronulate, about 15 as long as the scale, grayish. [C. Gatesi A o
yer and springy places, Coastal Plain and adj. Doc. Fla. to Tex.,
and Va.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A.)
8. C. odoratus L. Plant annual, tufted, up to 9 dm. - pale- iis de
crowded, linear-laneeolate to narrowly linear r, 6-20 lon y-bro
straw colored: scales ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, mu cronulate, appressed: “achene
s D or nearly so, often COT at the base, about ong, rounded
the apex, over 15 as long as the scale, grayis ish. [C. polystachqo Rottb, aa
Ditches and low gr as Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I.,
W.)
C. pumilus L. Plant annual, edel inu pu m A dm. tall, pale-green:
p orowded, sometimes loos ely so, lin ong, silvery-gray:
scales ovate, 1.5 mm. long, ct ees eel poe sed: achene obo-
vate, about 0.5 mm. long, truneate and mucronulate at the apex, less than K
as lon ng as the scale.—Sandy, often wet soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala.
(W. I, 0. W.)
10. ©. sabulosus Mart. & Schrad. Plant annual, sometimes o up to z
dm. tall, often T green: spikelets densely clustered, - 8-20 m
long, ye ellowi sh-brown: scales oval or suborbicular, punit 1.0 m e tr ae
i s pe appres essed: pue a nearly m. long, mucronate, black,
ong as the scale or nearly s [C. flavicomus Vahl|—Moist to wet sandy
aail Coasa Plain, Fla. to Tex. por Va.
11. C. piis dd L. Plant RAE rs or as tae up to 4 dm. tall,
light-green: bracts of the invo nequa only oe and
elongate, erect or ee S0: ee crowded, pie zy ina js gle h oblong-
ovate to elliptic or linear, 6-15 mm. long, nut, or merely v B1 s
ehestnut: seales deltoid- ovate, nearly 2 mm. ur obtuse or acutish, oe.
CYPERACEAE | 147
achene oval to oval-ovoid or somewhat obovate, s than 1.5 mm. long, or rarely
larger, fully E as long as the scale.—Sandy, en moist, soil, Coastal Plain,
S. C. and N. C. Introduced in Calif.—( W. I., "Mez., C. A, 0. W.)
12. C. Careyi Britton. Plant annual, tufted, up to 1 dm. tall, pale-green:
bracts of the involucre e elongate, mostly 1-2.5 mm. wide: spikele ts crowded in
a head, Bie -elliptie to elliptic, 3-4 mm. long, HL or whitish: scales ovate,
2-2.5 m ree ai abruptly sinu) appressed: achene ellipsoid or obovoid-ellip-
soid. — Sandy oil, M. Fla.
18. C. inflexus Muhl. Plant annual, tufted, up to 1.5 dm. Pr eee -green,
fragrant: spikelets p gets linear- -elliptio dd elliptie, 3-9 . long,
light- -brown: scales less than . long, er , the subulate awn much
shorter than the o body: decem ue sper about 1 mm. long, ab-
ruptly short-beaked, brown, less than 14 as long as the seale.—Damp to wet
sandy soil, rocks, and shores, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Calif, B. C.,
Sask., and N. B.—(Mez.)
14. C. cuspidatus H. B. K. Plant annual, tufted, up to 1.5 dm. d oe
green, licorice-scented: spikelets loosely capitate, linear, 0-12 mm. long, o
curved, Peete dus about 2 mm. long, lax, the subulate awn s
or S
0. adl dark-
o E eee m ih a long as the scale. [C. squarrosus (Fl. SE.
S.) ]— y fields and pinclands Pace Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.
ED in 2 Coli f.— (W. I., Mex., C. A.)
15. C. compressus L. Plant annual, tufted, up to 3.5 dm. tall, with the scapes
sometimes reclining, light-green: spikelets loosely capitate, but stiff, narrowly
om
lanceolate or narrowly elliptic to linear, 7-2 ong, mainly greenish, often
shining: scales ovate to m Pera A 3-3.5 mm, ong, somewhat o
appressed: achene obovoid l mm. long, e apex, dull
ed at t l-bro
less than 14 as long as the scale.—Sandy io dus pinelands, and fields, Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Pa.—(W. I., Mex., C. A.,
S. A., 0. m)
: a L. Plant annual, up to 6 dm. tall, eee es s ds
spikelets i in plume-like clusters, elliptic, mostly 5-10 mm. long, abou
wide, yellowish or brownish: seales thin, er Or MR ern $n
ong, mucronulate: achene elliptic-obovoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, abr uptly - pointed,
as long as the scale or longer. —Swamps a nd cult. grounds, especially about rice-
fields, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.; also S N. Y.—
N Asia
T. legans L. Plant perennial, tufted, up to 7 dm. tall, pale-green: spike-
lets A eer linear-elliptic, 6-12 mm. long, light tan-colored or pale-
green: scales rhombic-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. lon ng, scabrous on the back, acute, d
appressed: achene Mr UM S obovoid), fully 1.5 mm. long, gray, short-
beaked, about % as long as the seale.—Sandy soil or marl, Key West and Big
Pine Key, Fla.; also in Tex. Eun N. M.—(W. I., Mez., C. A. )
18. C. o Vahl. Plant perennial, up to 12 dm. tall, bright- or hie lee
green, the oe ~ sp ikelets densely o linear- -elliptie to A
lanceolate, 5- 12 . long, 2-3 mm. wide, yellow seales ovate, 2—
long, obtuse: nd io fully 1 mm. long, the body d contracted at bot h ends,
over 15 as long as the seale.—Moist slopes, swamps, and ponds, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mes., C. A.)
19. C. virens Miehx. Plant perennial, up to 15 dm. tall, often tufted, pale-
green: spikelets crowded in rather large clusters, ovate to elliptic- ovate, rela-
148 CYPERACEAE
tively narrower in age, 6-14 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, pa ale-green: din Mex ind
lanceolate, about 2.5 mm. long, obtuse or acuti sh, nearly straight: e nar-
rowly ellipsoid, about 1.5 mm. long, short- -stipitate and short- beaked, aint,
fully % as long as the scale. —Dam mp soil, low grounds, and swamps, Coastal -
‘Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.; id E Calif.— —(W. I. Mez., C. 2. psc bn
oeeur with nodose eee and sm
. pseudovegetus Steud. Plant mm up to 13 dm. tall, sometimes
tufted, pale-green: spikelets erowded in rather small uet ovate to orbieu-
lar, relative ely narrower in age, 4-6 mm. long E mm. wide, light-green: scales
lanceolate, : about 2 mm. long, acute or aeutish, strongly curved: achene linear,
fully 1 mm. long, slender tipitato and slen der- neu often curved, over
as long as ties eale. t places, E low woods, and itches, Coastal Plain
and adj. see Tu. do Te: x., Kans., and N. J.—(W. I.)
21. C. surinamensis Rottb. Plant imd up to 12 dm. tall s solitary or
tufted, pale-green, the seape rough above: spikelets -o in rather small
dense heads, ovate, narrower and elongate in age, 5- P n; 2— pu
wide, yellow or yellowish: seales UN, out 1.5; mm "qns d or aeu
dc sa AE ellipsoid, less than 1 Ed short- stipitate a non reed
straight, about 14 a3 long as the scale. Mois t grounds, swamps, roadsides, and
ditches, "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.— (V. I., Mer. C. Va S. E
22. C. distans L. Plant perennial, up to 15 s tall, commonly gregarious,
light- ‘Sia ond in ag irregular spikes, linear-fil liform, very slender, 9-25
mm. ong Mis n EE . wide, chestnut- rens scales elliptic, about 2 mm.
long, obtu the apex, ed imbrieate at maturity: achene
ellipsoid or pres pese about 1.5 mm. long, aeute, somewhat shorter than
the seale.—Banks, wet woods, and swamps, Coastal Plain and adjacent Pied-
man (or Coe (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A., O. W.)
23. C. Haspan L. Plant perennial, up to 11 dm. tall, mu or i pas the
scape smooth: spikelets few together in m a ous lax spikes, on stiff
stalks, linear to linear-lanceolate, 6-12 mm. long, a ou: mm. wi de mostly
reddish-brown: seales elliptie, cipticlanceviate, or EN out 1.5 mm. long,
often mucronulate, loosely PA ed: achene pale, the bue oval, MEER
Rs broadly obovate, about 0.5 . long, mueronulate, t 15 as long as the
seale.—Wet pi
nelands, swamps, er ponds, Coastal brin and adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex. and Va.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A., 0. W.)
24. C. alternifolius L. s perennial up to 20 dm. tall, often 2
bright-green, the leaves represented by basal sheaths: spikelets ra ather num
in head-like spikes whieh te minate « slender curved or dro ooping e ovate o
i ong, 2-2.5 S ova
- ; :
achene brown, the ae obovoid or oval, over mm. long, eee about
m as long as the scale-——(UMBRELLA-SEDGE UMBRELLA-PLANT. wamps,
cu Nat. of Africa —(W. I. \—Frequently cultivated as an ornamental
25. C. dentatus Torr. Plant perennial, 2-5 dm. tall, somewhat don E
green: spikelets in rather lax clusters, linear to linear-lanceolat e,
ng, 2-2.5 mm. pd or wi Du scales 0
long, wider, reddish- cale ate to Mi ad m
about 2.5 mm. long, mucronate, tip not appressed: achene oe or
See -obovoid, iS than 1 mm. long, Ud et .stpitate, abou
t % as
long as the seale Sandy, often E swamps and river shores, various provinces,
C. to Ind. N. Y. and Me. Introd. in Ala.
6. C. LeContei Torr. Plant perenm ial, up to 4 dm. tall, solitary or gre-
garious, yellowish-green: spikelets in lax elusters, lanceolate to linear, 10-30
CYPERACEAE 149
mm. long, 3—4 mm, wide, yellow: seales ovate, 3 mm. long or dei blunt, hooded
t the apex, the tips appressed: achene ovoid or oval, phe . long or less,
Ex ns T sessile, less than 15 as long as the s ud [C. denta atus
multiradiatus Torr. E sand-dunes, low grounds, aud pond-margins,
Coastal Plain, "la. to L
27. C. rotundus L. Plant apu by tuberous eigen 2-6 dm. tall,
gregarious, deep- B spikelets in lax elusters, linea often narrowly 80,
. long, wide, mainly purple- Lodi EN ovate to eliptic-
b c or ba "the tips appressed: achen a 1-1.5 mm. long,
mucronate, about V5 as long as the — (NUT Ss. Coco-GRASS.)—Sandy
fields, law Lo an i aay i Coastal Pisin, Fila. to T Tex. and Va. Nat. of the
trop.—(W. I ; €. .)—Often becomes a troublesome weed
through n. by 2c Mea whieh are edible.
28. C. esculentus L. Plant ne by tuber- pui age eee up to
tall, tufted or gregarious, bright-green: spikelets spikes or Mere
lanceolate to ii a a p^" Dr do mm. eee or rarely longer, 2-3
mm. wide, stra or yello h-brown: seales ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2-3
mm. jus ind “the tip rather dou achene obovoid or ellipsoid, nearly 1.5—2
mm. long, mucronate, somewhat shone than the scale. [C. phymatoides
Muhl]—(CnHuFA. EARTH-ALMOND. YELLOW NUT-GRASS .) —Low grounds, moist
rd. river- be d a a and b apos various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn.,
A. B.; oW N.A —(W. I., Mez. ,C. A., O. W.)—Som are a trouble-
we ed. geen for hogs, on account "of the tuberiferous rootstocks
"which are edible.
29. C. lutescens Torr. & Ho ok. Plant perennial by elongate, often tuber-bear-
ing, rootstocks, E mostly 3—9 dm. tall, bright-green: spikelets in lax
spikes or panicles, rowly linear, often curved, 20-40 mm. long or sometimes
shorter, 1.5—2.5 a, en stramineous: scales ovate, 3-3.5 mm. long, rounded
at the apex or abruptly pointed, the tips becoming lax: e ellipsoid-obovoid,
nearly 2 mm. long, mucronate, about l5 as long as the seale.—Dry sandy soil
and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(Mez., C. A., S. A.) |
30. C. articulatus L. Plant perennial, up to 20 dm. tall gregarious, the
nearly terete scape smoo oth, the leaves d pube by basal sheaths:
bracts of the involucre very short: spikelets in lax umbel- "d “spikes, narrowly
linear, 20—50 iei ong, or sometimes shorter, mo wide, stra
neous: seales mainly ovate, mm. long, a acutish or blunt, appressed or De
coming lax: are ellipsoid to euneate-ellipsoid, 1.5 m . lo ong or nearly so,
mucronate, about 15 as long as the scale —Calcareous swamps, onde "aa
eus
and ereeks, Coastal Pisin, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—(W. I., Mez., C. A.,
O. W.)
Mdb E Ad Muhl. Plant anual 1-5 dm. tall, solitary or gregarious,
a scape rough-angled above: bracts of the involuere elongate: spikelets in
dense pis or panicles, linear, 6-25 mm. long, 1-1.5 m pire, chestnut-brown:
scales vate, or sometimes elliptic- Janecolate, about 1. 5m . long, obtuse or
uni pointed, the tips scarcely lax: achene obovoid, nearly 1 mm. long,
slightly mucronate, ome 16 - eee as the scale. — Swamps, river- 2 and wet
soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Minn., Ont., and Mas
32. C. Halei Torr. Plant annual, up to 1 m. tall, tufted or gregarious, bright-
green: spikelets crowded in cylin ndrie spikes, linear, 3-5 mm. long, about 1 mm.
wide, brown: seales broadly elliptie or obovate, 1-1. 5 mm. long, mucronulate,
the tips becoming A lax: achene obovoid, about Lt mm. long, as long as
the scale or nearly so.—River banks and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.,
and perhaps in p Miss. Valley
150 CYPERACEAE
3. C. Martindalei Britton. Plant perennial, 2-7 dm. tall, Do e ied
green: E erowded in capitate spikes, linear or nea arly s
lon ng, 2-9 m D yellowish-green: scales thick, broadly elliptic X a
ovate, 2.5- T ong, notched, mucronulate, o oded a apex, loose
ide A bcn eli eaoid, 2—2.5 mm. long, abruptly ne eee shorter
we the seale.—Pinelands, sand- hills, and dry woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
and 8. C.
34. C.litoreus (Clarke) Britton. Plant perennial, up to 5 dm. tall, sparingly
bun ud Ci To in dense capitate spikes, narrowly linear, 9-12
eales thin, doe to elliptie-ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long or
EA na fee ne loos ely imbriea achene linear-ellipsoid, about 1.5 mm.
gem minutely cee fully lo as doo as the seale.—Hammocks, Long Key,
Fla.
C. strigosus L. Plant perennial, 1-9 dm. tall, EE or somewhat
tufted bright-green: spikelets in eal dense spikes or panicles, linear, lead
m. long, à about 1.5 mm. wide, s eous: seales elliptic. du ola te, 4-5 m
long, mu a. usually appressed : y linear- Banus about 2 mm. lo ml
Ed pointed at the T. constricted at the base, about 44 as long as the
scale mus adows, swamps, fields, and waste ‘places, various provinces,
Fla. o Tex "Min , Ont A Me.—Often very persistent on accoun of the
tuberiferous rena cel forms differing in size and habit have been
x ven names.
C. stenolepis Torr. Plant perennial, up to 12 dm. tall, Pa B
ORA bius e jud in rather dense spikes or panicles, linea
long, mostly 1.5-2.5 wide. stramineous: seales linear to niue unde
-5 mm. long, somewhat jas at maturity: achene narrowly ellipsoid or linear-
ellipsoid, about 2 mm. long, dcn pointed at the apex, constricted at the
base, less than % as long as the e.—Swamps and low grounds, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
37. C. praelongatus Steud. Plant der Mp to 1 m. tall, sometimes tufted,
bright-green: spikelets in i cs lax spikes or panieles, linear-subulate or
iu subula te, 8-14 mm. long, 1 mm. wide or less, gr n mewhat
stramineous: scale es d pu mm. long, mucronate, closely Pars
"emm ellipsoid or nearly so, 1.5-2 m. long, abruptly pointed, less than 4% as
long as the scale.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain and adj. pr deuda Miss. to
Tex. and Tenn.—(Mez.)
38. C. refractus Engelm. Plant perennial, 2-9 dm. tall, solitary or gregarious,
pei ae spikelets in lax spikes or panieles, very narrow wly linear or subu-
-30 m s fuly 1 mm ; ob
-3 h
Y, as long as the seale.—Dry woods, fields, river-banks, and swamps, Coastal
Plain and rarely more N Dn Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. J.
©. floridanus Britton. ee d 1-7 dm. tall, tufted, bright-green:
ia ts of the involuere smooth, pikelets in capitate sessile spikes,
linear-subulate, 6—10 mm. long, dm wide or less, chestnut-brown: scales
broadly elliptie - ovate- elliptic, a 2 mm. long, blunt, closely t
achene ellipsoid or nearly so, about 1.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed, nearly a
long as the scale. iur So, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.—
(W. I.) i
40. C. retrofractus (L.) Torr. Plant perennial, up to 1 m. tall, solitary or
gregarious, grayish -green : bracts of the involucre sooth or nearly SO, i as
ong inflorescence, pubescent: spikelets crowded in turbina or
= obovate aia spikes, subulate, 5-7 mm. long, less than 1 mm. wide, d
CYPERACEAE 151
ish or ld Ese mostly 4 or 5, various, the lower nee short ue broad,
the upper and narrow, closely appressed: achene lin 2. a 3 m n ng,
abruptly ue at the apex, eonstrieted at the base, over alae lon a the
seale.—San ndy a and did soil, and T woods, Coastal Plain a P NS
more N provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. J.
41. C. dipsaci a, Fernald. Plant perennial, 2-8 dm. tall, the scape k
at least above: bracts of the involucre shorter than the inflorescence, or longer,
often sparingly a. e rather crowded in obovate or cylindric-
obovate 3d. subulate, 5— pes s ng, yellowish or Dn seales mostly
4—6, various, the lower Pow and broad, the upper long and narrow:
chene ime about 3 lo a presta pointed at the apex, slightly con-
stricted at the base, fully E as long as the seale.—Dry, often acid, sandy soil,
and woods, Coastal Plain and adj. e pa Ga. to Ky. and N. J.
42. C. hystricinus Fernald. Plant perennial, 3-8 dm. tall, the scape smooth:
braets - the involucre smooth: spikes oval or obovoid, 1.5-3 em. long: spikelets
uid 4—10 mm. long, becoming golden-brown, ~~ lower en cee
eales Pl subulate or linear-subulate, 3-5 mm. lon r shorte e bas
of the spikelet, acute: achene linear, 9-9. om ire DOS ee a the
apex, somewhat constricted at the base, much shorter than the scales.—Dry
sandy soil and pinelands, Coastal Plain, "Ga. to Tex., Ark., and N. J.
43. ©. ERA Porter. Plant e up to 8 dm. tall, tufted or gre-
garious , bright-green: spikes E or nea oo , 1-2.5 em. long, not very den
. lon
spik =: linear-subulate, 8-10 m ng, 2—4-flowered, | pale. green:; sca Ye ae
oblong t oe ‘lanceolate, 4-5 m m. long, acute or acutish, appre essed: achene
linear- “ellipsoi 2. . long or prs larger, abruptly pointed, about 14 *
long as the b or more E and river-banks, various provinces, Ga.
Ark., Pa., and N. J.
44. C. retrorsus Chapm. Plant perennial, 2—7 dm. tall, the seapes smooth:
ate narrowly obovoid or eylindrie-obovoid, 1—1.5 mm. g, dense, quas
mpound: spikelets subulate, 2-3 mm. long, the lower one beeoming reflexed:
o a dug ng, 2-3 mm. long, closely appressed: achene broadly Pec
ess tha m. long, abruptly pointed, somewhat shorter than the seale.—Sandy
soil, EH and eult. grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. an d Ga
45. C. Torreyi Britton. Plant aye 1—5 dm. tall, Piin pr tufted:
red n qe s vx A so, 1. . long or less, den spikelets linear-
e A. d ong, A or ess, 1—2-flow a i scales few,
ong, often. notched and muc i m 2 hose apex, Ed.
Mem pod ‘tulle 1.5 m eres nun pointed a m constricted at
the base, fully % as long as the scale. [C. ha il ) Britton.]—Sandy,
often acid, soil, low grounds, and pond m V l Plain and adj. pr ov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and S N. Y.—(W. I.)
46. ©. Deeringianus o & pow Plant perennial, 4—12 dm. tall, e
ish-green: spikes cylindric, 1-3 cm. long, very dense, the main ones usually
compound: spikelets apie 24 mm. long, fully 0.5 mm. wide, 1-9 flowered,
yellowish: scales usually 3, ovate, 2-2.5 mm ta ng, mucronulate, appressed: `
somewhat constricted at the base, abou t 28 as long as the seale. . cylindro-
stachys (Fl. .) ]—Pin nelands, prairies, swamps, hammocks, and marshes,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.
47. C. Pollardi Britton. Plant M Tp up to 13 dm. tall, bright- pee
spikes oe to ellipsoid, 1-2 em. long, dense: spikelets linear, 3—4.5 m
long, 1-1 wide, green: i few, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 2-2.5 mm.
152 CYPERACEAE
long, often abruptly p rather lax: achene linear-ellipsoid, about 1.5 mm.
long, abruptly pointed, r 1% as long as the seale.—Pinelands, hammocks,
mps, and Rue der. Flan —(W. I.)
48. C. Winkleri Britton & E Plant perennial, tall, often tufted, Light
green: T ellipsoid, 1-1.5 c E o s linear-subulate , 5-6
long, mostly 5—6-flowered, stramineous: scales mostly 6 or 7, ovate, 1.5-2 mm.
long, mae ate: achene BI ellipsoid, slightly over 1 mm. long, a
pointed, about 25 as long as the scale.—Humbuggus prairie, Dade Co., Fla
49. C. Plankii Britton. Plant perennial, stouter than C. Torreyi, ae green:
spikes eerie or ellipsoid-cylindric 1.5-2 cm. long, very dense: spikelets
subulat e 5-7 mm. long, mostly 4- or O-flowered, sometimes NY met)
green: scales few, ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long, abruptly pointed: achene ellipsoid’ or
linear od about 1.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed, fully 15 as long as the
ale—Low grounds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Miss. to Tex. and Okla.
50. C. ovularis (Michx.) Torr. Plant perennial, 1-8 dm. tall, often tufted,
the scape s:nooth: spikelets compactly crowded in globular capitate spikes,
linear or elliptic, 3-7 mm. long, ‘greenish: scales ovate to ovate-lanceolate or
lanceolate, the ad nes 3-5 mm. long (7-11 mm. long and spikes larger in
C. ripis TO c d appr ne ‘achene linear- -ellipsoid or ellipsoid-obovoid,
2.5 mm. lo dig rely smaller, abruptly pointed, fully 1 as long as the
scale —Dry fields, pios ond hillsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kan
Ill., and N.
51. C. Nashii 2 c perennial, up to 11 dm. es DR green: spikes
Fir iim to oval, 1 cm. long or less, dense, often compou pikelets subulate,
m. long, less [4 1 mm. wide, green or yellowish- Bn pem few, ellip-
tic-ovate, 2.5-3 m ong, often oci. at the broad apex, appressed: achen
ellipsoid-linear or PIA D) about 2 mm. long, sone que: shorter than the ae.
—Pinelands and sandy soil, pen. Fla.
. globulosus Aubl. Plant perennial, 1-6 dm. tall, often gregarious or
Ae bright-green: spikelets in rather compact capitate spikes, linear-subu-
fully 1 mm. wi
late, 4-8 mm. lon : les few
ovate-lanceolate, mostly "$4 mm. long, acute, appre achene SEDE
obovoid or ellips soid, about 1.5 mm. long, abruptly bea at the apex, con
stricted at the ae fully 15 as long as i scale. [C. echinatus (Ell.) Wood.]
mo ~ ds id soil, astal Plain and a J: provinces, Fla.
to , Mo. and Va. —(W. I.)—The Bem C. Grayi Torr. of northern regions
bns. pn Zoid from the Southern pone but is. erroneously.
53. C. ligularis L. Plant perennial, up to 13 dm. tall, sometimes clust pier
glaucous: spikes cylindric or ellipsoid, nee 1-2.5 em. long, den nae sometim
crowded: cd Aes AN or ovate- Pu. 8-6 mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, gr i
to green: scales oval, 2-2.5 mm. long, obtuse or do achene
ellipsoid or seer. d. 5 mm . long or uu SO, pem fully 1 as long as the
seale.—Swamps, hammocks, and Ed places, Fla. and coast of Ala.— (W. I.,
Mex., C. A., S. A, O. W.)
54. C. cayennensis (L.) Britton. Plant po UP to 7 sn T Ridge
tufted, bc green: spikes cylindric, hue dt . long, d
nearly and clustered in the involuc Dd ellipsoid or elipsoid ovoid,
3-5 mm. ju ye po or po chestnut scales ovate to elliptic, 2-3.5 m
long, mucronate, appressed: ach obovoid, about 2 mm. long, Page diate
fully 16 as long as the scale, — Fields, ditches, swamps, and waste-places, Missis-
sippi River delta, La. and Coastal Plain, Tex.—( , C. —A
plant collected at St. Augustine in 1876 by A. P. Garber has the spikes capitate
as in this species; but the spikelets are very slender and the achene is linear-
ellipsoid.
CYPERACEAE 193
55. C. hermaphroditus (Jaeq.) Britton. Plant perennial, up to 8 dm. tall,
often spari ngly bou puri a T a baa to ig dric: aera
wid
lets linear-subul , 5- ong, les e, green or yellowi
scales mainly clint, fully pe m. lon s ud jn A dde appressed cies
on .1.5-2 mm. long, m mco fully 14 as long as the scale.—Wet
am-banks and. eas Coastal Plain, Ala.—(W. I., Mez., C. M 5. A.)
56. C. dissitiflorus Torr. Plant perennial, up to 9 dm. tall, sometimes spar-
ingly tufted, bright-green: spikelets linear-subulate, 5-8 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm.
wide, chest tnut- colored: scales ovate to elliptic, 2.5-3 mm. lon ng, or
abruptly pointed at o Aa clos nd imbrieate: achene ellipsoid Or cp
broadened upward, long, abruptly pointed, fully 12 as long as the
scale.—Sandy soil ae vi EA Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.
57. C. tetragonus El. Plant p 2-11 dm. tall, often solitary: n
year es em. long, not dense: spikelets linear- elliptic js biu de 3-6 m
ong, 1. wide, chestnut- ere scales oblong. t ate, 2.5-3.5 mm.
long, eee or mucronate, loosely appressed: achene ellipsoid, nee broadly
, 2 mm. long o r nearly so, often slightly curved, much shorter than the scale.
Des sandy soil, swamps, and ha mmocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and
N. C.
C. multifiorus (Britton) Small. Plant perennial, 2-7 dm. tall, tufted or
Rem bright-green: round S erowded in short often depressed capitate
spikes, linear, M 10-25 mm. long, fully 1.5 mm. uea flat, green: scales
numerous, ovate to elliptic-ovate, the lower de 2-2.5 mm. long, ’ the u upper 3—4
mm. long, obscurely mucronulate, lax, the tip, at Pen somewhat spreading:
achene ellipsoid, E inequilateral, ded 1.5-2 mm. long, abruptly pointed
at the apex, constricted at the base, the lower ones nearly as long as the scale,
the upper fully 14 as long. —Sandy soll, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I.)
59. C. filiculmis Vahl. Plant perennial, 1-6 dm. tall, the scapes sometimes
reclining: spikes capitate, all sessile in the involucre or some slender-stalked:
spikelets linear, 9-21 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, 8-16-flowered, (4—8-flowered and
wis r pale-
ets 3-8 mm. b in C. fili e
green: scales ovate or elliptic, rae mm. long, often mucronulate, loosely ap-
pressed: achene obovoid, about 2 mm. long, abruptly pointed, fully 14 as long
as the scale.—Dry ste rile, ao “soil, and fields, various provinces, Fla.
Tex., Minn., Ont., and N. 'H.— (Mes -)
60. C. Blodgettii Torr. Plant t perennial, 1-3 dm. tall, tufted, bright-green:
spikes capitate, all sessile in the o koyar slender- stalked : spikelets
peta to hee inia 6-8 mm. long, 1.5 wide, chestnut-colored: scales
ov ly 2-2.5 mm. long, ai or slightly mu dede rather
oo PAA achene ellipsoid or slightly obovoid, 1—1.5 mm. long, abruptly
pointed, much over 15 as long as the scale rau soil in hammocks, . Upper
Matecumbe Key and Key West, Fla.
61. C. fuligineus a Plant perennial, 1-4 dm. tall, pu the leaf-
sheaths blackish: spikes capitate, sessile in the Eon od 1-1. 5e in diameter:
spikelets linear or linear-elliptie, 4-11 em. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide. dark-brown:
scales oval or ovate, abou mm. ia rounded or mucr ronulate, appressed:
achene ellipsoid-obovoid or broadly ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm. long, abruptly pointed,
fully % as long as the scale—Rocky soil in hammocks, Key West, Fla.—
(W. I.)
62. C. tree Sw. p perennial, 1.5-12 dm. tall, solitary or clustered,
the scapes s spikes sessile terminal head or on unequal stalks, rather
lax: Se je or e co 9-17 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, chestnut-
154 CYPERACEAE
colored: scales oval, ovate, or elliptic, 3—4 mm. long, mucronate, rather loosely
appressed: achene obo void, ellipsoid- -obovoid, or ellipsoid, about 1.5 mm. long,
abruptly pointed, fully A as long as the scale. [C. Ottonis Boeckl. e
and dry sand, sea-beaches, and hammocks, Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., )
63. C. Engelmannii Steud. Plant annual, 1-7.5 dm. tall, often tufted, bright-
green: spikes lax, mostly Bien pd at an ends of short stalks: spikelets nar-
rowly linear to linear-subulat —25 m E ng, less than 1 mm. wide, often
curved, greenish-brown: s Serm ‘elliptic i ovate- ‘elliptic, 2-2.5 mm. long, blunt
mucro os ppres he
. lon
eis slightly curved, acute, somewhat shorter than the scale.—Low grounds and
mps Y ous provinees N of Coastal Plain, W Tenn. (?) to W Ark., Wis.
Ont "Rass. p N N. Y. .; adv. in Ala.
64. C. des L. C. Rich. Plant annual, up to 9 dm. tall, tufted or gregarious,
bright-gre Ara rather crowded at the ends of slender stalks: spikelets
na arrowly ine Pues mm. long or rarely WES 1-1.5 mm. wide, yellowish or
pointed, Poe t 15 as lon ng a as the osse ue ad p sand-dunes, es low
grounds, various b aud Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Mass.; also o the
Pacifie Coast.— — (WF. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A., 0. W.)
65. C. speciosus Vahl. Plant annual, 1—4.5 dm. tall, usually tufted, eee
green: en mostly bad at the ends of the slender ers spikele let ar-
rowly linear, 8-18 m ong or rarely longer, 1 mm. wide or less, Straight or
nearly so, Dh or alsa wish-brown: scales ovate or elliptic. -ovate, 2-2.5 mm.
long, mostly de rather loosely appressed: achene ellipsoid or Bud
obovoid, 1.5-2 mm. long, abr ers pointed, fully 1 as long as the —L
bn dii: ; , ditches, and banks, 1 Wi Fla. to Tex. s Dak.,
and Mass.; also on the Pacif. slope.—( W. I ex.)
66. C. dcs eid 3 orton. Plant t pe erennisl, up to 20 dm. tall, gre Bu
: ye :
achene br Sate obovo id or eg TG pre than 1.5 mm. long, abruptly
pointed, ‘about 14 as long as the seale.—Low grounds, swamps, and pond-mar-
gins, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Calif.—(Mez.)
5. KYLLINGA Rottb. Annual or perennial pec often tufted, herbs.
Leaf-blades very narrow. Spikelets several or ma volucrate head,
the involuere of 3 or more elongate bracts. Seales nosty pe or 4-ranked, the
2 lower e a the middle one fructiferous, the upper empty or staminate.
Perianth wanting. Stamens 1-3. Style not enlarged, decidua ous. Stigmas
mostly 2. ree lenticular.—About 45 species, natives of warm regions.—
Sum.—fall, or all year S.
SORBET scales ie the spikelets with ciliate or scabrous keels, sharp-
r firm nted.
Achone C Dody of an ellipsoid type: plants ee 1. K. pumila.
Achene-body of an obovate type: plants Derenn 2. K. brevifolia.
m scales of the spikelets with smooth keels, oi or merely
cutish. 3. K. odorata.
1. K. pumila Michx. Annual; densely tufted, the scapes 0.5-4 dm. long, erect
or aug leaf-blades mostly less than 2 mm. wide: braets of the involuere
>
CYPERACEAE 155
spreading or M ed id ipd or ovoid- le 6-7 mm. long, solitary
or accompanied dt T ikelets 2.5-3 mm. long, the scales
long, mucronulate.—Moist DAC nd and
wet soil, various provinces, Fla. t D oe
Ohio, and Md.— —(W. I., Mex., c. Aa;
K. brevifolia L. Perennial, tufted o
E o the scapes up to 3 dm. tall: leaf-
blades 1-2.5 mm. wide: bracts of the invo-
lu ng:
, 9-10 mm.
long, greenish, commonly inclined: spikelets
ue mm. long, the scales irm po pe the
o larger ones somewhat unequal: achene-
body obovoid or Bl ebovód, eb] l
. lon [K.m
L.]—Low gro ui pe “moist ds pla
Coastal Plains, Fla. to Tex. and Ga—(W. I. Mex., C. A., S. A.)
K. odorata Vahl. Annual or n tufted, the seapes 1-3 dm. bp
ones of the involucre 4 or 5, becoming reflexed: spikes 2 or 3 together
tt ovoid to cylindric, 8-15 nn. D the terminal one the largest, are
pale whitish: spikelets 3—3.5 mm. pes ei scales bl ud pi merely acutish,
the bo larger ones slightly unequal: achene-body obov mm. long,
oo ulate.—Moist to wet soil, roa jeden, Ga ditches, lu Plain, Fla. to
Miss. and Ga.— —(W. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A.)
6. ABILDGAARDIA Vahl. eren-
nial, or sometimes perhaps annual sca-
pose tufted herbs. Leaf-blades very nar-
ae
Spikelets usually solitary, several-
many-flowe ubt
small bract Seales firm, imbricate
mostly in rows, deciduous. Per h
wan Stamens 1-3; filaments nar-
d
warty.—About 15. species, widely dis-
tributed in warm regions.
1. A. monostachya (L.) Vahl. Plant 1-4 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves shorter
than the scapes; blades involute: involucre Me Mp Spikelet ovoid or
ellipsoid-ovoid, 1-1.5 em. long, o r longer: scales , 5-6 mm. long, acute or
mucronulate: anthers nearly 2 mm. long: a ale; e, 2.5-3 mm. long, the
body globose or broadly obovoid, ay pointed, the stipe aaa. —Ham
mocks, pinelands, and "s Everglades, vile oan Keys, pen. Fla. and on the
Florida Keys.—(W. I., S. A., O. W.)—All yea
7. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. Annual or perennial seapose herbs. Leaf-
blades flat or involute. Spikelets in umbel-like or capitate clusters, often
rather large, ahi several-many-flowered. Scales firm, deciduous. Perianth
ting. Stamens 1-3: filaments slender. Ovary sessile or nearly so: style
156 CYPERACEAE
pr i or swollen at the base, mostly ciliate, deciduous. Stigmas 2 or
Achene lenticular or 3-angled, reticulate, cancellate, or ribbed lengthwise,
oi feces —About 130 species, of wide geographic distribution.—Sum.-fall.
Stigmas 2: achene lenticular. I. CASTANEAE.
Stigmas 3: achene 3-angled. II. AUTUMNALES.
CASTANEAE
Spikelets peduncled and in umbels, or sessile and solitary.
Achene not ribbed, smooth or cancellate in rows, leaf-
ade es mostly involute: plants perennial.
Spec UE or with 1, 2, or 3 additional pedun-
cled o : involucre minute or "malt inconspicuous,
mos Shobter than the inflorescence 1. F. schoenoides.
Spikelets several or many : involucre conspicuous, usu-
du wi E some of the bracts longer than the in-
or
Styles swollen at the
Scales the B at least the lower ones,
uber ulent or minutely pubescent.
Aene broadly obovoid, truncate or broadly
IE E at the top: leaf-blades SU Ones
invo 2. F. puberula.
Achene ene obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid,
somew ipe narrowed at the Eus leaf- blades
Eua onn 8. F. ;
Scales of the ‘spikelets glabrou 4. F. castanea.
Styles Sio swollen at the base. 5. F. anomala.
Achene ribbed lengthwise and reticulate: leaf-blades mostly
at, except in age.
Achene with smooth or nearly smooth ribs: perennial. 6. F. diphylla.
Achene with copio p tubercled ribs: plants annual. ss F. Baldwiniana.
Spikelets several. sessile a oe in a terminal head.
Scales of the spikele eta pu nate: achene obovoi 8. F. Vahlii.
Scales of the spikelets SuBulete d pede achene ellipsoid-
cylindric 9. F. perpusilla.
II, AUTUMNALES
Spikelets ovoid or oval to lanceolate.
Umbel simple or sparingly branched : spikelets stout, ovoid
or oval, obtuse 10. F. geminata.
Umbel much- ipancnede spikelets narrow, linear-oblong to
lanceolate, acute. 11. F. autumnatis.
Spikelets subglobose : umbel decompound. — 12. F. miliacea.
F. schoenoides Vahl. Perennial, up to 4 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-bla
atten nuate from the slightly di lated bases, solite; braets of the inv ne
inconspicuous: spikelets solitary, o m h 1, 2, or 3 Ho Re: Ti tia ones,
ovoid or conic-ovoid, 5-12 mm. lon B pal aridi seales 3— im . long, blunt
or acutish: achene broadly obovoid, js than p long, ee whitish, —Low
grounds and wet pinelands, W Fla. and S Ga. Introduced.—( 0. W.)
F E E Vahl. d ies.
l-7 dm ely pubescent, at leas
parts: loaf. see involute, thus often as
slender, ciliate, and u lly more or less pu-
nvolucre small: spikelets ovoid, 5—
10 ] rown: scales 3—4 g, usu-
eron Fs
broadly obovoid, about 1 mm. long, can- |)
cellate, brownish. [F. castanea puberula
(Miehx.) Britton F. spadicea (Fl. SE.
U. S.)]—Low grounds, swamps, and wet
nom Coastal Plain. and en provinees,
Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ill., and N.
3. F. Harperi Britton Perennial, 2-6
dm. tall, light-green: leaf-blades flàt or
CYPERACEAE 157
somewhat involute in age, ciliate, often de oria involuere rather small:
-o d p bic cylindric, 8-14 mm. long, chestnut-colored:
s 3.54 m ong, ronate, puberulent: sche narrowly obovoid or
ellineoid. bog a LB 5 mm. long, pale.—Sand-dunes, beaches, and swamps,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.
4. F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl. dig up to 1 m. tall, deep-green: leaf-
blades involute, d glabrous: nvolucre small: spikelets eons or
ovoid-ellipsoid, 6—10 long, br ei seales 3.5—4.5 s ng, obtuse or
acutish, glabrous: E obovoid or e dae about 15. mm ong,
bro
Salt m d marshes, and low pinelands, various oe except ea
lachian, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Mich., and N. Y.—(W. I.)
: = rue Boeckl. Perennial, up to 9 dm. tall, bright- e EE pecia
involute, ipe often pubescent: involuere ineonspieuous: spik
me Mipsoia. ovoid, often w, 9-13 mm. long, pale-br dp he: 3.54 ii
long, obtuse or a ne a. mm Ke less n 1.5 mm. long,
bro [F. Drummond (Torr. & Hook.) Bocckl.] Low loui Coastal
Plain, Miss. to Tex.
6. F. iia s Vahl. Perennial, 1-6 dm. tall, mn noe ype
very n involute, at least in age: involucre with o of t
bracts ae du spikelets ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipso jid, 5- lm . lo Rs
pale: seales about 2.5 mm. long, mueronate, glabrous: achene broadly Coa
about 1 mm. long, pale, uo oor ribbed, the ribs smooth or nearly so
ae lise bus led. [F. laxa Vahl.]—River-banks, low grounds, fields,
swamps, and waste-places, x. Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga. Nat. of trop.
4 Mez., C. A., S. A., O. W.)
7. F. Baldwiniana (Schult.) Torr. Annual, 1—4 dm. tall, glabrous or spar-
ingly pubescent: leaf-blades very narrow, flat or nearly so: involucre of 3-5
mm
S nm. lon g
broadly obovoid, fully 1 mm. long, pale, longitudinal ribbed, the ribs
tubercled.—Low wet to dryish grounds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Mo., and Pa. id .1.)—Formerly included in "the next cea ae species.
8. F. Vahlii (Lam.) L per F dm. tall: leaf-blades setaceous or
filiform, scabrous: eu va slender: pris of several setaceous
elongate bracts: spikelets ellipsoid- cylindric, 4-8 mm. long, obtuse, greenish-
ied ide 1.5-2 mm. long, acuminate, the tip eie aehene obovoid, about
0. ong, ye ellowish- white. —River- banks and low gro oad Coastal an
and E provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. Mex.)
9. F. pe it dapat Harper. Annual, 3 em. tall: leaf-blades Mrd smooth or
nearly s eapes setaceous, in small prostrate radiatin S: involu uere of
several slender setaceous ab. ri the inflorescence: "spike elets p
1-2 mm. in n eter, gre yello on pedun up t mm.
scales LL. om pees subulate tipped, e tip iode P Bc. po b.
soid-cylindrie, about 0.5 mm. long, pa Pape ponds, near Leslie, on the
Coastal Plain of Ga.—Fall.—Collected only o
10. F.
short branches: spikele = ovoid | or oval, 2-5 mm. long, obtuse reddish-bro
seales lanceolate, muero achene obovoid, fully 0.5 long, distinc Pd.
reticulate. [F. Frankü "Steud | —Sandy fields, bottoms, — shores, various
provinees, Ga t0 La. Ont., and Que.
11. F. autumnalis (L.) R. and S. Annual, 1—4 dm. tall: umbels usually with
long branches: spikelets ed ellipsoid p lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long, acute,
158 CYPERACEAE
brown or greenish-brown: seales ovate pcd or lanceolate, mucronate:
achene obovoid, scarcely 0.5 mm. long, ooth or indistinetly reticulate.—
Moist soil, sa ndy banks, pond-margins, and meadows, various provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Kans. , Mich., and Mass.—(W. I., Mes., (?), S. A.)—Plant erect.
. F.miliacea Vahl. Annual (always ?), 2-6 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades
ensiform, long- by d sca weak, often loosely tufted: T h
numerous, subglobose, 2-3 mm. long, obtuse, pale-brown: scales o fully
1 mm. long, apni: iene ee fully 0.5 mm. ae ae minutely ear
o E and ditches, N Fla. Nat. of the trop—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.,
. W.)—Plant prostrate.
8. NOPHYLLUS Raf. Annual tufted seapose herbs. Leaf-blades
setaceous, linear, or filiform. Spikelets in umbel-like clusters, pu Or
red
dac Wisi small, terete or nearly iio few—many-flow . Scales firm,
short, ous. Perianth wanting. Stamens 2 or 3: FM very piri
Ovary se s or short-stipitate: style im at the base, glabrous, the base
persistent. Stigmas 2 or 3. Achene lenticular or 3-angled, smooth or papil-
lose, diri in with a tuberele.—About 90 species, abundant in warm
regions.—Spr.—
Spikelets in open or compact umbel-like clusters, or rarely Sica
Leaf-blades serrulate or minutely ciliate, usually scabrous.
Umbel-like E of spikelets simple: achene
versely wrinkled. 1. S. capillaris
vel -like dte of spikelets compound : achene papil-
Achene about 1 mm. long: umbellike cluster of
Spikelets open. 2. S. ciliatifolius.
chene about 0.5 mm. long: umbel-like cluster of
Spikelets compact. 3. S. Carteri.
af- blades smooth and glabrous or nearly so. 4. S. coarctatus.
Le
xd in a terminal involucrate he s
ets of the involucre Ra rds at the
Achene fully 0.5 m lone Sour P as long as the
seale: scales Sor ti ipped. 5. S. barbatus.
Achene about 1 mm. long, about 1% as long as the scale:
seales slender-tipped. 6. S. stenophyllus.
Bracts of the involucre fimbriate at the base. 1. S. Warei.
1. S. capillaris (L.) Britton. Plant 0.5-2.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades minutely
era a PET Pf sometimes near the top: spikelets narrowly ellip-
oid, 5-8 mm. long, a single c en or
tree scien a da qu. about 2 mm.
long, obtuse or emarginate, often Eau.
yellow-brown, slightly stipitate. — ( H AIR-
SEDGE.)—Dry to wet sandy and did soil,
and fields, various bus ii Fla. Tex
Calif., Ore., Ont, and Me.—(W. L Mez.,
C. A., g. A.) |
2. S. ciliatifolius (Ell) C. Mohr. Plan
ae dm. pa leaf-blades serrulate- E
capes s scabrous near the top: spike-
lets linear- ‘ellipsoid, 2—4 mm. long, in a com
pound cluster: dines bu do ovate or deis
ne about 1.5 mm. long. obtuse or opio did
pointed, n ciliolate toward the gue
Alo broadly obovoid or turbinate, abou m. long, bluish, barely stipitate.—
Pinelands, dry sandy soil, and sand- hills, den Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.
CYPERACEAE 199
3. S. Carteri Britton. Plant 1-2 dm. eu pe eee d ciliate:
scapes smooth: spikelets mainly < d 2—4 m ong, mpou and purs
scales ovate, slightly over 1 mm. long, ae pointe ted or obtu
broadly obovoid or turbinate, bon 0.5 mm. long, not stipitate ne inelands,
Everglades Keys, Fla.
4. S. coarctatus (Ell.) Britton. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades glabrous or
nearly so: scapes smooth: spikelets linear-ellipsoid, or ellipsoid, 2-6 mm. long,
j n i cluster: scales broadly ovate, about 1.5 m
obtuse or minutely pointed: achene turbinate, about 1 mm. long, pale, slightly
stipitate.—Pinelands and sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and S. C.
. S. barbatus (Rottb.) Britton. Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf-blades iE
ciliate: scapes smooth or nearly so: Re linear to linear- in iur 4—8
mm. long, der capitate: scales 1-2 mm. long, each with a minute slightly
` spreading tip: achene bro PA SN “fully 05 mm. long, ES minutely
stipitate. d d (Rottb.) R. Pr. S. floridanus Britton. ]— (W ATER-
GRASS.)— E oadsides, dels and gardens, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala.
and 8. C. Nat ES op
6. S. stenophyllus (Ell) Britton. Plant 1-2 dm. tall: leaf- por PRA
ciliate: scapes scabrous, at least above: spikelets ellipsoid to linear, 5-7 m
a j n involuer
ly 2
an
pubescent: achene obovoid, about 1 mm. long, bluish-white, rounded under the
tubercle, contracted at the base.—Pinelands, a and dry sandy soil,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.
7 S. War E Britton. Plant 1-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades smooth or
m rA scabrous scapes smooth and glabrous: spikelets ovoid to ellipsoid-
oid, 5-7 mm. long, capita isi head sessile in an wipe of ey vide
broad fimbriate bases and setaceous tips: scales ovate, mostly ong,
abruptly vius ‘tipped, finely Denn nt: achene turbin F or bil. obovoid
less than 1 mm. long, white, truncate or notched under the tubercle, somewha f
out fd at the base.—Dry sandy soil, pinelands, sandhills, and roadsides,
Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga. |
9. BLEOCHARIS R. Br. Annual or perennial Hc tufted’ herbs.
Leaves reduced to more or less pus M he aths paa are truncate or some-
times produeed into tooth-like ongate blades. Scapes simple, ex-
eept when proliferous. Pu inm RN en or flattened, ereet,
the subtending bract inconspicuous. Scales spirally imbricate. Perianth of
1-12, usually 6, retrorsely barbed bristles, or wanting. Stamens 2 or 3.
Ovary mostly sessile: style swollen at the base. Stigmas 2 or 3. Achene
lenticular or 3-angled, ond or variously roughened, capped by a tubercle
formed by the persistent base of the style.—About 150 species, widely dis-
tributed in cool and warm regions.—Spr.-fall, or all year S.—SPIKE-RUSHES.
Spikelets scarcely if at all thicker than the scape; scales
mostly leathery. I. CELLULOSAE.
ee | manifestly thicker than the Scape; scales mostly
Stigmas 2: achene lenticulate or biconvex. II. OBTUSAE.
Stigmas 3: achenes 3-angled or turgid. III. TENUES.
I.
Scape nodose-septate: bristles poorly Piscis pamm than
the achene or rarely equalling it. 1. E. equisetoides.
Scape the ach ee bristles well-developed longer than
e ach
160 | CYPERACEAE
ecd terete 2 at least above: bristles smooth: tubercle
f the achene deltoid.
Seane angled or ened: bristles toothed: tubercle of
the achene narrow lanceolate or shen
Scape ate mostly over n diameter: tubercle
e achene lanceolate. —
Scape uere mostly less than 2 mm. in diameter:
tubercle of the achene subulate.
Achen e 2 2.5 mm. long, mostly lenticular : bristles
abo uw equalling the top of the tuber
Achene about 1 mm. long, mostly 3- 2d: bristles
about equalling the base of the tubercle.
II. OBTUSAE
Upper sheath scarious, edm: plant perennial by slender
rootstocks.
Achene about 0.5 mm. lo ong.
Se Te ab green or De white: perianth-bristles
r than the achen
Scales bonn pe bristles shorter than the achene.
Bue about 1 m lo ons perianth-bristles longer than
achene ; Beales: bro
Upper cheat truncate, oblique. or toothed, not scarious.
Plant annual, wit "fibrous roots
Scape capillary : spikelets with 1-4 achenes.
Scape slender: spikelets with several to many achenes.
Achene black.
COH about 0.5 mm. long: perianth-bristles
usually 2-4, pues e mostly 2-9 cm. tall.
Achene about 1 long: perianth-bristles
m 5-8, Boost scape mos 5
tall.
Achene pale-brown to white.
Scape filiform or bristle- like: achene white.
Scales of the s a ikelets pale, with brown mid-
rib: achene whitish: upper leaf-sheath
Aire M obt iure
Scales of the Bd dark, with whitish mid-
rib and m argin S on either side of the dark-
BEY. PD achene brown: upper leaf-
Shcath sien eats, acute.
Scape slender: achenes pale-brown.
Perianth- no longer than the achene:
spikelets ovoid.
P bristies m. longer than the achene,
ort or wanting: spikelets cylindric.
Plant — I Wir DOr eont rootstocks.
Sc as eg septate: achene about 1 mm. long: tuber-
cle
Scape ee achene 1.5 mm. long or nearly so:
tubercle con
III. TENUES
Achene cancellate.
Achene longitudinall d.
Achene not itudinally miol ribbed.
Scape filiform : spikelets with 1-4 achen
Scape slender: spikelets with eee Samy, achenes.
Ss linear- pt E often proliferous.
Spikelets ovoid to conic-ovoid, not proliferous.
Tu bercle conic. poene than the achene.
ees miter-like, as large as the achene or
Achene smooth, papi illose, or eee ridged-reticulate,
dpud terete or nearly so, 6-20-flow
Ac smooth, ellipsoi id-obovoid bus aS
EO capillary : achene-body ia nr. P
Scape filiform: achene-body long.
Upper leat sheath] badeless: : perianth- -bristles
oe ut as the achene: ache
è tha 0.5 ae long, up D mm.
Spikelet scales Jax, not coneealing the
enes: perianth-bristles about as
lone as the achene: achene ellipsoid-
obovoid, nearly 1 mm. long, pale
brown, the tubercle minute, depressed-
. E. cellulosa.
. E. quadrangulata.
4. E. Robbinsii.
. E. elongata.
RA
o
. E. flaccida.
. E. praticola.
. E. olivacea.
. E. capillacea.
. E. atropurpurea.
. E.caribaea.
12. E. uncialis.
.. E. bicolor.
14. E. obtusa.
. E. Engelmannii.
. E. nodulosa.
. E. calva.
. E. acicularis.
. E. retrofieza.
. E. vivipara.
. E. simpler.
. E. tuberculosa.
. E. microcarpa.
. E. Torregana.
CYPERACEAE
Spikelet-scales closely concealing the
achenes: perianth-bristles very short
or paca atid achene pyriform, about
. long, whitish the tubercle a
"ike crown with a minute tip. . E. Brittonii.
with an acicular blade:
. E. carolina.
Achen paced: Serculate, broadly obovoid. 27. E. Curtis.
Spikelets flattened, 2-6- flowered, Oron OTO rous,
Achene obovoid : tubercle deltoid or depressed. . E. prolifera.
Ac Hene ellipsoid or nearly so: tubercle abruptly
subulate- Vpred . E. Baldwinü.
doge Elend or S
ap vis "plainly distinguishable from the achene.
moo
Tubercle d covering the top of the black
achen 30. E. melanocarpa.
Tubere ie low-conic, acute, contracted at the base. . E. albida.
Achene papillose or TL ridged-reticulate.
Achene with the 3 angles ribbed. . E. tricostata.
Achene obtusely 3-an led.
slender to occ filiform, not flat-
ien ed: seales obtuse.
Bristles 2-4, shorter than the achene:
achene strongly papillose. 33. F. capitata.
Bristles 6, the longer as long as the
achene: achene desi reticulate. 34. E. arenicola.
Scape flattened: scales acu 35. E. acuminata.
Tubercle conic-subulate or pyramidal, andy distin- i
guishable from the achene. 36. E. rostellata.
E. equisetoides (Ell.) Torr. aaa up to 1 m. tall, the scapes nodose,
leaf-sheaths often ect ie ing: spike elet cylindric, 2.5-4 em. long,
flowere d boris s mostly o Bun
long, owly margin b. ps E
bristles as ree d the achene or Ern Or
Tex., Mich., and Mass.—(W. I., Mex
S. A.) i
2. p cellulosa Torr. Perennial, up to 8
dm the scapes not nodose, terete Da
leaf- sheathe bladeless, sometimes short-tip-
pe dd spikelet cylindric, 1.5-3 em. long, many-
: | scales rounded, 4-5 mm. long,
owered:
pas -margin ned: perianth- lager smooth,
longer than the achene: achene obovoid, about 2 mm. long, dark-brown, bond
coarsely pitted, the tubercle oe very stout, 42-14 as long as the a che —
Fresh marshes and lagoons near the coast, Fla. to Tex.— —(W. I.)
3. E. quadrangulata (Michx.) R. and S. Perennial, up to 1. 2 m. tall, the
RR not nodose:
m. long, many-flower
unded: S ar "bristios as long as the achene or longer: achene obovoid,
.5 mm. long, brown, the tubercle lanceolate, poe half as foie as the achene,
ipis at the base. [E. mutata (Fl. SE U. S.) ]—Ponds, a and
swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Mich., Ont., and Con —(W. PR
Mez., C. A., S. A.)
. B. Robbinsii Oakes. Perennial, 2-7 dm. tall, the scapes 3-angled, produe-
ing tufts of very slender scapes or leaves: leaf- sheaths not blade-bearing:
11
162 CYPERACEAE
diia o 1-2 cm. long, few-flowered: scales few, mostly 6-7 mm.
long, narrow, obtuse: ns irs much longer Ar the Bn
often ue as long: achene obovoid, sometimes narrowly so, 2-2.0 m on
light-brown, the tubercle aaa: about one half as long as as the achens, with
raised
Fla. to Ind., Mich., and
E. elongata Chapm. Perennial, up to 1 m. tall, the scapes terete, often
producing tufts of very slender scapes: leaf- sheaths usually bladeless: spikelet
cylindric, 1-2 em. long, rather few-flowered: scales relatively few, 5-6
long, thinnish, obtuse: perianth-bristles juo than the achen vé. achene obovoid,
about 1 mm. long, brown, the tubercle barely one half as long as the achene,
subulate m the ring- ‘like base.—Still water, Coastal Plein, Fla. to La.
and Tex. (?).
B. ccida (Reichenb.) Urban. Perennial, 0.5-3 dm. tall, the scapes
* angled: pes er leaf-sheath with a iens limb: spikelet oval or ov oid, 2—4
m. long, several-flowered: scales pale-green or rarely white, 2 mm. pun or
bt
r the cis :
void, 1 mm. long or less, dark-brown, the tubercle depressed-eonie. [E. o
reata Nees.]—(PALE SPIKERUSH.)—Wet soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and
N. J.—(W m.
. I., Mex., C. A.,
7. E. praticola Britton. Annual, cm. tall, the x DE bn upper
leaf-sheaths hyaline, lax: spikelets void Or ellipsoid- ovoid, m. long, ew-
wered: scales brown, less than 2 mm. long, obtuse or As e E E age:
ara id shorter than the achene: achene oe obovoid, 0.5 mm.
lon dark-brown, the tubercle minute, depressed. —Low and wet
iun: Everglades a and vicinity, Flas —(W. I.)
8. E. olivacea Torr. Perennial, 0.5-1.5 dm. tall, the id flattened: upper
omens M a hyaline limb: "Pp uis ovoid, 3-5 mm. lon ng, several-many-
flowered : reddish-brown D. m. long, searious- margin ned, lax in
age: Pe: bristles longer t Mr ire ne: achene obovoid, about 1 mm
long, ag to blackish, the Dd with a saucer-sh aped dn and a min ute
ip often Mo soil, shores of ponds, various provinces, S. C. to Mich.,
Ont., an nd "Me.
E. capillacea Kunth. Annual, diminutive, 2-5 cm. tall, the scapes capil-
lary: d s with scarious blade like tips: spikelet linear- -eylindrie, 2—4.5
ong, few-flowered: scal -brown or cee dad mostly 2- '3 mm.
us appres e. perian nth- bristles Ae as long a enes: achene nar-
rowly oboy oid, 0.5 long ale, the ets slender- oe above
the ring like base. E ung Pond. d wet 'sand, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.
—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
10. E. atropurpurea (Reitz.) Kunth. Annual, 3-9 cm. tall, the scapes stiff
and slender: upper leaf-sheaths with a tooth- like blade: spikelet ovoid, 3—4
mm. long, papae i Miis scales MEUS purple-brown , except the
midrib and n scarious mar gins, broad, 1-1.5 mm. long, r r lax in
age: perianth- “bristles as long a achene or shorter: achene ph. 0.5 5
mm. long o , jet-black, the E saucer-shaped with a minute tip.—
Moist soil and a. various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Colo., Ia., and Ga.—
(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A., O. W.)
11. E. caribaea (Rottb.) Blake. Annual, up to 2.5 dm. tall, the Es
terete: pe leaf-sheath with a tooth-like bla de: spikelet ovoid, 3-5 m . lon
or smaller, many-flowered: scales thiekish, brown, except the midrib E mar-
gins, broad, 1.5-2 mm. long, appressed: perianth- -bristles about as long as
CYPERACEAE 163
the achene: achene obovoid, about 1 mm. long, T -blaek, s tubercle de-
pressed or saucer-shaped w with a minute tip.—Maoist soil, swamps, and sink-
holes, o Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex Tnd., and Md.— T OV. I.
Merx., C. A., 8. A. leri. referred to E. capitata, in erro
12. E. uncialis Chapm. Annual, mostly 1-6 cm. tall, the A i in
angled: upper leaf- sheath ue i obtuse EUROS ovoid, 2-3 m ral-
flowered: scales pale, w midrib and searious B "LS "
long, lax in age: UE rintios ver one-half as long as the achen
achene ellipsoid-obovoid, 0.7 mm. long, whitish, smooth, the tubercle oo
conic, much narrower than the achene —Damp pi inelands, N Fla
13. E. bicolor Chapm. VE 1-2 ns tall, the scapes 4-angled: upper leaf-
sheath very thin: spikelet o oid, 2-3 mm. long, few- MAE seales d
dark-brown except the pale ee ib d is 1.5-2.5 mm. long, lax in age:
oe -bristles nd 15 as long as the achene: achene ellipsoid. a about
0.8-1 mm. long, bro the tubercle dit , the base nearly as wide as the
achene.—Moist to oU pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.
14. E. obtusa (Willd.) Schultes. Annual, 1-7 dm. tall, the scapes nearly
terete: upper p? Mon xs : tooth- ike blade: e ovoid to elli rd
ovoid, 3-13 mm. long, red: scales thin, ee aN , 1:5-2 mm. yo
usually Ru xu dados longer than the ne: ‘achene turbinate-
obovoid, 1.5 mm. long or less, Bae -brown, the eae ‘deltoid, the base some-
what narrower than the achen "E ts oil a nd mud, various provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Ont., and N. 8.; also Calif. Md
15. E. Engelmannii Steud. Annual, 1-5 dm. tall: upper e ae ae
or with a tooth-like blade: ip cylindric or conic-cylindric
many-flowered: scales brown, 1.5-2 . long, obtuse, oppress ane "perian 20s
bristles about as long as fie Np or “sometimes rudim entary or wanting:
achene turbinate-obovoid or som mewhat cuneate, 1.5 mm. long or | pale-
brown, the tuberele very low, the base nearly as wide as the ac = ne. — We t soil
and ditehes, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Calif., Mo., and Mas
16. E. nodulosa pun Schultes. Perennial, up to 1 m. tall, the scapes une se:
upper 2 sheath truneate or minutely poi inted: o pu conic-cylin p , 1-2
. long, many- aon cae scales brownish, 2-3 mm. long, or sometim 2 nger
obtuse, Ao dd. below the apex, closely imbrieate: perianth- bristles as
shorter or longer obovoid, about 1 m n
lon the
turgid, "the aD. deltoid, fully 15 as p as d achene dbi Coastal
Plain and Basin-and- -Range province, Fla. to Tex. and Ariz.—(W. I.,
C. A., S. A.)
ae B. calva a Perennial, up to 1 m. tall, the scapes often tufted,
ender, not nodose: upper r leaf-sheath Dis - a ae spikelet
lips Or ellipsoid. RAM. 0.5-1.5 em. long, many-flowered: seales brown
ark-green, 2.5-3.5 mm. lo ong, blunt or ai cus : perianths “bristles as oE
as a achene or shorter: a obovoid, about 1.5 m ong, brown, the tuber
cle koe ae constricted e the base. [ E. disuccscens iM SE. U. iy —
Swamps an S, various provinces, Fla. to Tex m rs Minn., and Ont.
M related soe es E. macrostachya ee mith 2 or 3 empty bracts at the
base of the spikelet, instead of one n E. calva, has been found at New
Orleans, La.
18. E. acicularis (L.) R. & S. Perennial with slender rootstocks, 0.5-2 dm
a or greatly elongate when submersed, the scapes 4-angled, filiform or seta-
: leaf-sheaths truncate: spikelet fl attened, narrowly ovate to linear-ellip-
oid, 3-10 mm. long, few-flowered: scales pale-green, except the usually brown
164 CYPERACEAE
bands on either side of the midrib, 1.5-2 mm. long: aed. Pod fully as
long as the achene or shorter: achene ellipsoid obovoid, 1m ong or shorter,
the tubis conie from a narrow base, about E as long as p» achene.—Wet
1 muddy Ca
19. E. retroflexa (Poir.) Urban. Perennial or annual (?), 0.5-2 dm. tall, the
seapes 4-angled, filiform: leaf-sheaths often with minute blades: Een ellip-
soid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 2-3 mm. long, few-flowered: scales pale, m. long:
eae baat tles as long as the achene or much shorter: achene sbovold, ‘barely
m. long, the tubercle pyramidal with a broad base, shorter t han the ae
UE chaetaria R. & S.]—Sandy soil and low grounds, Coastal Plain, S Ala.
, €. A., 8S. A.)
0. E. vivipara Kunth. Perennial, 1-3 dm. tall, the scapes flattened: leaf-
sheaths Miis with a short blunt tip: spikelet linear- -ellipsoi id, 4-7 mm. long,
ou doeerd often sparingly proliferous: scales whitish, 2-3 mm. long, thin
y
ale,
a broad base.—Low grounds and marshy shores, Coastal Plain and occas} ionally
adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
21. E. simplex (Ell) A. Dietr. Annual, 1-4 dm. tall, the scapes we Ld a
angled: leaf- o obliquely truneate: spikelet ovoid. or elli ipsoid,
-fl long, firm
long, several-many-flowered: scales pale, 2-3 mm. long, : perianth- Xue
s longer d the achene: S ik pde about 1.5 mm. long, turgid,
ely marked, th rele a much constricted at the base,
oa
Wr at the apex. [£. tortilis (in " Schultes. ]—Wet soil and marshy
woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. an
-0voi : ish-
cept the dark midrib, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, firm: Pu erianth- bristles as longer
than the achene: achene obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, coarsely marked, the
ubercle miter-like, as pr as the achene - largon Moist to to vet, often acid,
fas
. E. microcarpa Torr. Annual, 0.5-2 dm. tall, the scapes e 4- anes
leaf-sheaths usually minutely pointed: spikelet o oblo ong or nearly s
long, few-flowered: scales pale o r with brownish patches on either ide " pe
midrib, 1-1.5 mm. long, thin: Pu EN shorter than the achene: achene
ellipsoid-obovoid much constrieted at the narrow base, mm. long or a little
longer, grayish-white, smooth or nearly so, the d erar depressed- conie, minute,
base less than Me as Du as the achene. — Moist to wet soil, Coastal Plain, Fla.
o La. and S. C.—(W. I.)
4. E. Torreyana aera Annual, 1-6 dm. tall, the scapes somewhat 4-angled,
sometimes proliferous at the spikelet: upper leaf- sheath obliquely Gu d
Videre ie or deed -ellipsoid, 3-6 mm. long, se veral- many-flowered: scales
firm:
, pale-brown, s the tubercle minute, ia aa A t
a Sie usually acid, PER poen Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. J—(W. I.)
25. E. Brittonii Sve Annual, like E. Torreyana in habit: spike-
let ellipsoid to dir "ellipsoid, 2.5-5 mm. long, several-flower dis scales obtuse,
closely concealing the achenes which they much exceed in length, scarious-mar-
gined: perianth- bristles very short or obsolete: achene pyriform, about 0.7 mm.
CYPERACEAE 165
long, whitish, smooth, the ‘tubercle a disk-like crown with a minute tip.—Flat-
woods and shallow ponds, Coastal Plain, N. Fla. to Tex. and S. C.
o a i
age: cuu ee about one half as long as the achene: achene ellipsoid-
obovoid, about ong, pale-brown, smooth, the ponens depressed-conic.
—Damp td Goal Plain, S. C.
27. E. Curtisii Small. Annual, 0.5-1 dm. tall, the scapes filiform, striate and
somewhat angled: upper leaf- sheath oblique, discolored at the e edge, minutely
duds Ed ovoid-ellipsoid, 2-3 mm . long, E Pudet scales pale, with
a brownish midrib and scarious mar , 15-9 m m. long, lax in age: perianth-
bdo shorter than the achene: "ee broadly obov oid, 0.8 mm. long, light-
brown, irregularly dad -retieulate, the tubercle broadly conie.—Damp soil,
Coastal Plain, Wilmington, N. C.
28. E. prolifera Torr. Annua 1, 1-6 dm. tall, the seapes often diffuse or float-
ing, flattened: leaf-sheaths acad truneate or minutely pointed: spikelet conie,
4—8 ting iti
In 1
2-9 mm. long; ba ee shorter than the achene: ene obovoid,
ate than , pale, smooth, the tubercle deltoid or dones. conie,
nd N. C.
more or less diffus e, groo oved: upper leaf-sheath oblique and often minutely
pointed: spikelet ellipsoid, 4-6 mm. long, flattened, dpud often prolifer-
ous and rooting: scales brown or brownish, narrow, 3-5 mm. long: perianth-
r
wit
like base, and subulate tip.—(RoAp-GR ASS. )—Damp pi inelands, pud
along RI Coastal Plain. Fla. and Ga.
30. E. melanocarpa Torr. Perennial, 1-5 dm. tall, the scapes stout, wiry,
flattened: upper leaf-sheath usually with a tooth Tke iae "Spikele ellipsoid
or cylindrie-oblong, 6-12 mm. long, thick, many-flowered : rown, except
the lighter midrib and scarious margins, broa d, ees m. Jong: near cd:
as long as the achene - 2 or shorter or obso ne obpyramidal
cuneate-turbinate, abou mm. long, black, ia e ido pone, about
broad as the achene b covering its top, minutely pointed in the middle
(BLACK-SPIKERUSH.)— Wet sandy soil, Coastal Plain and New England S
Fla. to Mass.; also Great Lake Lowland, Ind.— (WW. I.)
E. albida Torr. Annual (?), 1-2 dm. tall, the scapes nearly terete: upper
P ins usually with a tooth-like blade: spikelet ovoid-globose or ellipsoid,
5 mm. long,
4-8 mm. long, many-flowered: scales pale-green or nearly white, 2-2.
firm: _porianth “bristles about as long as the achene: a broadly obovoid
he tube RM To w-conic, sessile on the achene.—Dam p o wet,
abou m. lon
a iu Eu Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Md.—(W. I.,
32. E. tricostata Torr. Perenni 6 dm. tall, the scapes flattened: ig hes
leaf-sheath with a tooth m blado: spiel ellipsoid to cylindric, 6-18 m
long, aed Eddy seales brown except the en a ib and hs ma
margins, 2-3 m lo ong, a Re: bonu -brist ing: achen ovoid,
mm. ine or less, xm prominently 3-angled, pss T A a tubercle
low-eonie, with a broad base, aeute.—Wet, often acid, soil, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to N. Y. |
166 CYPERACEAE
3. E. capitata (L.) R. Br. Perennial, up to 7 dm. tall, the scapes 4- kr nut
uds leaf-sheath with a tooth-like blade: pini narrowly ellipsoid, 4—10 m
long, m poda scales brownish- -purple, e cept the green midrib and ie
scarious margin 0-2.0 m v. thin ud pup pec i15 as long as
the achene o ing: dn obo void, about 1 mm. long, ow to brown,
ae 3- MN Pe oien per ersistent, ps tu ere pene conic or
disk-like. [E. tenuis (Willd.) ipi -J—(Povinry. GRASS.)—Wet soil, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Man., Ont
nicola Torr. Perennial, 1-4.5 dm. tall, the scapes slender-wiry:
ellipsoid, mm. long; PA. seales often brown at the apex, and
with scarious margins, 2—3 mm. long, thin: pe aaa et "o the longer
ones often fully as ae as “the achene: achene oid or ellipsoid-obovoid,
about 1 mm. long, prn faintly RUE the o deltoid or depres ssed.
—Sandy shores and s wamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.
cuminata (Muhl.) Nees. Perennial, up to 5 dm. tall, the scapes flat,
oarse- us upper oes sheath pre with a tooth- e blade: pics Ov oid
or ellipsoid, 6-12 g, pagan Pup es e-brown, ept the
reenish midrib and the Ed pr 2. 25m . long, jr thin-
nish: perianth-bristles as long as the or shorter: d done obovoid, 1-1.5
. long, yellowish- bodie Ro hat rm often persistent on the rachis,
Te “tubercle depressed-c —Wet soil, various provinces, Ga. to La., Wash.,
Man., Ont., and Anticos
36. E. rostellata D ves uer up to 15 dm. long, the scapes flattened,
stout sterile ones reclining and rooting at the ae leaf-sheaths without blades,
15
Mise oblique mene ellipsoid to fusiform, 6-15 mm. long, several-many-
red: me ight-brown or green, 3 long, m: perianth-
bristles M than the achene: achene obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, about
, the tubercle conic-subulate or pyramidal, 15 as long as the
achene or less and dd with its apex.—Braekish marshes and meadows,
Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Tex. and N. H.; also saline
places in the interior, and Calif. to B. C.
10. WEBSTERIA S. Hart Wright. Perennial aquatic, caulescent herbs.
Stems repeatedly branched. Leaves clustered or whorled at the nodes: blades
E ilary. Spikelets in often 1 umbel-
e clusters, 1-flowered, narrow. Scales 2,
narrow. Flowers perfect. Perianth of
short, commonly barbed, pale bristles.
Stamens 3. Styles not swollen, deciduou
Stigmas 2. Achene er ce ae
species. |
W. submersa (Sauv.) Britton. Plant
submersed, piam stems elongate, the
internodes 8-25 long, partly sheathed,
e branches topped by the add of spike-
u n ng: scales
nate, the lower ostly 3-vei ned, the
upper 1-veined: perianth pm longer than
the achene, tor nthers de subulate, about 3 mm. dd achene
, 5. A
obovoid or ‘oval, b 5-9 mm. long.— s and ponds, pen. Fla.—(W. I., S. A.)
CYPERACEAE .167
11. ERIOPHORUM L. Perennial erect caulescent herbs with rootstocks.
Leaves with narrow blades, or some of them mere bladeless sheaths. Spikelets
solitary, clustered, or umbellate, often subtended by an involucre of 1 to sev-
eral bracts. Scales spirally imbricate, usually all fructiferous, or some of the
lower ones empty. owers perfect. Perianth of numerous naked capillary
ciate y ode bristles. Stamens 1-3. Style not swollen, deciduous. Stig-
s 3. Ae angled.—About 15 species, in the northern hemisphere.—
un e ee ee COTTONRUSHES.
' Spikelets peduncled; scales oy 1-ribbed, the rib e to the apex
achene obovoid, rounded at the ap 1. iidicarimatum.
Spikelets glomerate; scales prominently striate ribbed, the
ribs not extending to the apex: achene oblong-obo void, ab- MM
ruptly pointed. 2. E. virginicum.
1. E. viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades
flat below bed channeled tip: bracts of the involucre neither spreading nor
deflexed: spikelets several or mumerou ES
drooping on ipee pn M e.
ape broadly o acute
or acutish: ae dms e dicrum
ie obovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, rounded
at the apex, not stipitate.—( HARE-TAIL.
T COTTON-GRAS S
Ga. to B. C., Mich., and Newf. Former!
included in E. polystachyon L.
E. virginicum L. Stem 4-12 dm tall:
: "i pus eae _below the channeled tip:
bracts of nvolucre spreading or de-
fle oe spikelets P in i dense. terminal
eluster: scales ovate, md . lon ng, obtuse
perianth- “bristles brown Ren ellipso oid.
obovoid, 3.5—4 m oues ab ruptly narrowed at the apex, short-beaked, dap
—( TA Ec. n id bogs and swamps, various provinees, Fla.
Nebr., Man., Ont., and N
12. SCIRPUS L. Annual or perennial, scapose or caulescent edis
Leaves with blades or represented by mere sheaths. Spikelets few- to many-
flowered, terete or somewhat flattened, solitary, capitate, or beste usually
involucrate, the involucre, when simple, appearing like a continuation of the
cales spirally imbricate. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 1-6, or 8,
barbed or smooth, sometimes pubescent, bristles, or rarely wanting. Stamens
2 or 3. Style not swollen, wholly deciduous or the base persistent. Stigmas
or 3. Achene 3-angled or lenticular, beaked or beakless, not tubercled.—
About 150 species, widely distributed in cool and warm regions.—Sum.—fall, or
all year S.—BULRUSHES. CLUBRUSHES.
Involucre of a a single bract, or wantin ng. l
P solitary, or rarely 2 2 in No. 5, terminal. I. CAESPITOSI.
Spikelets more than 1, usually several or many, often ap-
parently lateral. . II. VALIDI.
Involucre of 2 or more bracts with flat blades.
Spikelets not in dense globose heads. III. SYLVATICI.
Spikelets very numerous in one or several dense globular
heads. IV. CUBENSES.
168 CYPERACEAE
I. CAESPITOSI
Involucre wanting: annuals
Lavoni e present, of a single bra
Per pr E present: Scales nof keeled: perennial
B p NN upper sheath with a subulate blade:
perianth-bristles smooth or oM nwardly barbed.
Achene about 1.5 mm. lon perianth-bristles
smooth : apn cle slightly meee than thick: bog
or rock plan
Achene 2-3 mm long: perianth-bristles barbed :
he several times longer than thick: aquatic
or semiaquatic.
Scape tria ular: u upper sheath with a linear blade:
e
II. VALIDI
SE few, 1-12, appearing lateral.
Scape not sharply 3-angled : plants annual.
chene strongly transverse-rugose: perianth-bristles
wanting.
Ad smooth or very slightly roughened: perianth-
Scape sharply 3-angled: plants pun Dy rootstocks.
Spikelets acute: scales aw A : involueral bract much
ce.
only sli ence.
Spikelets Berol or numerous, in umbels or umbel-like clusters.
m bec 3-angled: leaves with blades about as long
as the
Scape terete: leaves reduced to mere sheaths.
Perianth-bristles downwardly barbed : achene gray, or
darker, abruptly mucronate.
Perianth- bristles short- plumose below: achene nearly
white, narrowed abov
III. SYLVATICI
Spikelets few to several, capitate to S Ioa relatively large,
E Ad compound clusters: achene lobose-obovoid, dark-
Spikelets very ee in compound umbels or umbelled
heads, relatively small.
Perianth-bristles « downw: ardly barbed, or wanting : spikelets
Perianth-bristles present.
Perianth-bristles a or tig exceeding the
achene: leaf-blades 6-16 m wide.
Spikelets 3-8 in ach head : ‘scales obtuse: peri-
PEE 8-20 in each head: Seales acute: peri-
Í istle
th-
Perianth- anes me as long as the achene: leaf-
blades 4-6 m vide.
Per ünth-bristies fastu
Perianth- b. tles sm ond or slightly pubescent: umbel
decompou
Perianth-bristles shorter than the scales or scarcely ex-
cee
er TE briedes about as long as the achene : scales
rather acute
M merely terminal: spikelets 1 mm.
thick : not papillose.
thick: achene papillose.
Perianth- h-bristles much longer than the achene:
ales mucronate.
Verianth. m much exserted beyond. the scales at
Spikelets sessile, in small heads or clus ters
EDU at least some of them, distinctly pedun-
IV. CUBENSES
Perennial herb, resembling species of Cyperus: leaves and
bracts of the involucre quite similar.
12.
“10>
8.
19.
20.
23. S.
n
tata
Nn
NANUS.
. caespitosus. |
. subterminalis.
. Clinto
E IS:
. Hallii.
debilis.
. americanas.
Olneyi.
. etuberculatus.
. validus.
. californicus.
. robustus.
sylvaticus.
atrovirens.
polyphyllus.
georgianus. |
. divaricatus.
. fontinalis.
. lineatus.
. cyperinus.
2 * S.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eriophorum.
cubensis.
CYPERACEAE 169
1. S. nanus Spreng. Annual, tufted: scapes flattened and grooved, less than
1 dm. tall, ien basal sheath bladeless: spikelet ovoid or ovoid-oblong, 2-3 mm
long, nye red: scales 1.5-2 long,
pale-green : idi bristles [pP ian the
achene, barbed: achene oblong or eden
about 1
man
* £e
Q
o
£e
[67]
t
; Ej
—
e
et
o
rH
©
Pa]
—
by V7]
o
Englan
interior and Pacific Coast provinces.—(W. I
Mez., O. W.)
(2. S. diae L. Perennial, eared
fted: scapes filiform, pid terete, 1 -5 dm.
tall Met sheathed at e base, the up-
e bla
n
lowish-brown: perianth-bristles longer
Mis d Su achene ellipsoid to nen] about 1.5 mm. long, short-beaked.
EER-HAIR. DEERHAIR-BULRUSH.)—Bogs and moist rocks, Blue Ridge and
more northern provinees, N. C. and Tenn. to Tl. Colo., Alas., C Can., and Lab.
—(Greenl., O. W.)
73. S. subterminalis Torr. Perennial, mostly aquatic: scapes up to 1 m. ta Hy 2
nearly pnm the basal sheaths Ms longae submersed (except in terrestrial
forms) blades spikelet oblo ong, 1 ovoid, or ee 0-13 mm.
long, few-flow HAN A seales 4—5 "do sA green or perianth-
bise as long as the achene or pou downwardly barbed: T obovoid,
m. long, abruptly short-beaked —(SWAYING- RUSH.)—Ponds and streams,
As atid, various provinees, Miss. to B. C., Ont., and Newf.
/4. S. Clintonii A. Gra ay. Perennial, tufted: scapes 3-angled, very slender,
sheathed at the d some of the sheaths pira: icy often linear blades:
spikelet ovoid, 3—4 mm. long, few-flowered: E 9.0 mm. long, pale-br s
perianth-bristles as long ES the achene or uo “upwardly barbed: ach
oblong or obovoid, 1.5-2 . long, obtuse. Se ks, fields, and thickets, Blue
Ridge and more northern rere: N. C. to Mich. and N. Y.
/ 5. S. carinatus (H. & A.) A. Gray. Annual, tufted: scapes 3-angled, TTA
neled, 0. dm. tall, the basal sheath with a slender blade: spikelet ovoid,
abou t 4m m. long, 6-8 E scales 1.5-2 mm. long, pale, except the midrib
and keel, seariou piden 2 wide: perianth-bristles wanting: achene
oval or a obovoid, ps 1.5 mm. long, brown, minutely pointed.—Low
ee fields, ec ro adsides, pos eg Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to Tex.,
Okla., and Tenn.; also in
76. S. Halli A. Gray. Annual, tufted: scapes up to 4 dm. tall, nearly terete
or obtusely 3-angled, the upper basal sheath usually with a slen der - lade:
1
ied dip d becoming oblong- soie 6-15 mm. long, many-flowered
cales 2.5—3 . long, greenish, abruptly poin p pie e Sud
ze ene ed -globose, sometimes depressed, fully 1 mm. long, black, trans-
verse-wrinkled.—Wet soil, various provinces, rie to Tex, Colo., and Til. ;
also in Mass fes.)
S. debilis Pursh. Annual, tufted: scapes 1-6 dm. tall, nearly terete or
obtusely triangular, yellowish- “green, the sheaths bladeless or the upper one
with a short blade: spikelets ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 5-10 mm. long, m
170 CYPERACEAE
flowered: seales 2.5-3 mm. long, yellowish-brown, except the green midrib and
the often tawny margins: perianth-bristles abo ut as long a s the achene, down-
y
ng, black, th orn arly ps abruptly xpi dig A
1.5-2 lon a smoo
NM "V wet soil, various provinces, N Ga. to Ark., Nebr., Minn., Ont.,
and Me.
/8. S. americanus Pers. Perennial, gregarious: scapes up to 1.5 m. tall, sharply
triangular, bright-green, the e ths (1-3) wi La ds nae 2 blades: ees
lets ovoid, mostly 5-12 mm. long, acute, many-flowe ong,
Don. erose, minutely eni at the notched o Mc.
as long a s the achene or shorter: achene obovoid, about 2.5 mm. long, dark-
brown, e ulate.—(SWORD-GRASS. THREE-SQUARE BULRUSH. CHAIR-MAK-
ER’S RUSH.)—Borders of ponds and a various provinees, Fla. to Tex.,
Calif., B. C., Ont., and Newf.— (Mex , C. A., S. A, O. W.)
’ 9. S. Olneyi A. Gray. Perennial, gregarious: scapes up to 2 m. tall, sharply
3-angled or somewhat winged, the upper sheath sometimes with a '3-ang e
i m
blade: spikelets oblong or ovoid-oblong, or ovoid, 5—9 ng, obtuse, many-
ed 3 long, dark-brown, except the green midrib,
erose, minutel ucronate emarginate apex: perianth-bristles shorter
r ym a t the
than the achene or about eae it: achene obovoid, about 2.5 mm. long,
rown, mueronulate.—Salt and fresh marshes, Coastal Plain and xx England
Coast, Fla. to Ark.-and N. H.; also in Mich. and on Pacific Coa
E: S. pid qe e (Steud.) Kuntze. Perennial, sometimes tufted: scapes
to 2 m. tal rply 3-angled above, the upper she ath with a 3-angled and
Paa Ner is or quite as long as A scape: spikelets DS agai
9-21 mm. long, acutish: scales 5-7 mm. long, pale-brown, acu ae me-
times hooded apex: perianth-bristles equalling the beak of the ae oe pe
spreading barbs: achene obovoid, 3—4 . long, including S p beak,
brown or blackish. [S. cylindricus Britton. ]—Ponds and swamps, Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Ind., d.
^ 11. S. validus Vahl. Perennial, gregarious: scapes up to 3 m. tall, light-green,
stout (2-3 em. at the base), the basal sheaths usually bladeless : spikelets
ovoid, often oe ou a id 5—16 mm. long, acutish: scales 2. ae 5
PH | is
m
bristles our pou alli E the achene, downwardly barbed: E us DO
obovoid, about 2 mm. long, gray, reddish, or black, s uec B
lacustris (Fl. SE. U. ]—(GREAT-BULRUSH. CATT Mat
BLACK-RUSH. TULE. =) ond, swamps, and streams, used (aa
. A—(W. I., Mex A.)
^ 12. s. californicus (C. A. Meyer) Britton. Perennial, gregarious: scapes
Aon. 1-3 m. tall, obtusely 3- angled, often er stout, the basal sheaths blade-
P3
less: spikelets ov oid to oblon ng-ovoid, 6-11 m ng, acute: scales 2.5-3.5 mm.
ong, brown or reddish, glabrous or nea m stout- duc ous te: perianth-
bristles as long as the achene or shorter, cien arbed: achene broadly
obovoid, about 2 mm. long, nearly white, narrowed above and short-tipped.—
Swamps, Coastal Plain and Basin-and- -Range province, Fla. to Tex. and Calif.—
(Mez., C. A., S. A.)
/18. S robustus Pursh. Perennial, tufted or gregarious: stems up to 1.5 m.
tall, 3-angled: leaves dark gi een: spikelets ovoid-oblong or ovoid, 1.5-3 em.
long, i metim se
; SO es dense clusters: scales mostly 7-9 mm. long, reddish or
brown, with long markings, puberulent, the awn several times sid than ea
notched tip: Xon -bristles shorter than the achene or wan
ing: achen
globose-obovoid, sometimes nearly orbicular in outline, 3-3.5 mm. P Succes
CYPERACEAE 171
short-pointed.—(SEA CLUB-RUSH. SALT-MARSH BULRUSH. SPURT-GRASS.)—
Brackish marshes, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Tex. and N. S.
“14, S. sylvaticus L. Perennial, tufted: stems up to 2 m. tall, rather stout:
leaves PE pins spikelets ov void or oblong-ovoid, 3-5 mm. long, 2-8 in the
clusters: scales 1-1.5 mm. long, brown, except the green center, obtuse: perianth-
1 mm. long.
bristles longer than Hs. achene: achene obovoid or ellipsoid, about
—Swamps and wet stream-banks, various provinces, Ga. to Mich. id Me.—
C15. S. atrovirens Muhl. Perennial, tuft ede stems up to 1.5 m. tall, rather
slender: leaves bright- green: spikelets iis 2 in D 3.5-8 mm. long,
or longer, 9-30 in the clusters: scales ong, greenish-brown or red-
dish, acute: perianth- a es about ed as ie jue achene oe
obovoid, about 1 m ong, rather long pointed, "onse. BULRUSH. )—Swamps
and meadows, bu provinces, Ga. ., Sask., Ont.,
#16. S. polyphyllus Vahl. Perennial, nies tufted: stems up f to 1.5 m. tall,
sharply 3-angled: -leaves mae gree n: spikelets ovoid, 2.5-3 m m. long, 3—8 in
the clusters: seales 1-1.5 ong, bright-brown or reddish, mucronulate:
perianth- Da much-bent, pt twice as long as the achene: phus obovoid,
f ly tong, short- -tipped. M Mi woods, and meadows, various
provinces, Ga. t Ala., Ark., Minn., and
17. S. georgianus Harpe E Perennial, often tufted: stems A to 1.2 m. tall,
nearly terete: leaves bright-green: spikelets ovo s 2—4 mm. long, numerous,
or e du in the clusters: scales 1-1.5 m m. long, zm a brown,
eddish, nulate: perianth-bristles wanting o or mere rudiments: achene
broadly ellipsoid. Jess than 1 mm. long, short- o —Meadows, a and
muddy banks, various provinces, Ga. to Ark. and Que
18. S. divaricatus Ell. Pe Deepa le imes tufted: stems up to 1.5 m. tall,
obtusely 3- -angled: leaves deep-gre Soft: spikelets cylindrie or oblong, 3—5
mm., becoming 10—12 mm. long, 2b solitary at the tips of the poss gines
branches: scales 1-1.5 mm. long, brown, Apt en, r pale, : per
anth-bristles pur longer than the achene: achene obo void or ui. lipoid,
about ong, pale or nearly ps smooth, ee -pointed.—Swamps and
muddy banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to , Mo., and Va.
19. S. fontinalis Harper. Perennial cmd similar pi S. divaricatus and S.
lineatus in habit: spikelets ovoid, 2-4 . long, becoming narrower and: ee
in age, mostly solitary at the tips E tho inflorescence: branches: scales 1.5-2
mm. long, greenish or brownish-green, the margins often whitish, acute : peri-
anth-bristles bent, paid as long as the achene: achene ellips oid, someti ime
broadly so, about 1 m ong, ye ee ish or greenish, minutely papillose, long-
tipped.—Pond-margins "and springy piace Coastal Plain of Ga.
S. lineatus Michx. Perennial, tufted: stems up to 1.5 Pn 3- ier en
ea mote, pale-green,
long, usually solitary at the tip of the inflorescence-branches: Rules 9-9. o mm.
long, d EN eign or pale-brown, except the green a. Eod -pointed :
perianth-bristles much pa much longer than the achene: obovoid or
ellipsoid-obovoid, full mm. long, pale-brown, short- ped Mr d: and
wet m iene various Sed Fla. £o Tex., Ore., Ont., and N. H.
21. S. cyperinus (L.) Kunth. dosi up to 1.5 m. Ls nearly terete:
es io green: piece ovoid o oid- oo 4—6 long or longer
ge, in den eads or clusters: ae . lo Das pres or aeute:
perianth. ‘bristles to much exceeding the ee enes and scales, grayish-
wn or rust-colored: ache ne cue d OT uec barely 1 mm. lon
REN or nearly white, are E —( WOOL-GRASS. )—Swamps HS dr mead-
ows, various provinces, N. C. ni 'k., Mo., Du and Newf.
172 CYPERACEAE
~ S. TE o Perennial and similar to the next preceding species
habit, someti 2 tall: leaves pale-green: inflorescence laxer, =
branches elongate and se “ar rooping: spikelets ovoid or ae ovoid, 3.5 em
ong, some of the lateral ones eue neled: scales 1.5—2 mm. long, s
pointed: aan -bristles pale, long as in S. cyperinus: viue PENA P
obovoid, less than 1 , pale, re ice -pointed.—Swamps and low
gro ounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Ind., and Conn.
793, S. cubensis Poepp. & Kunth. Perennial, resembling species p? e yperus,
sometimes tufted, the scapes up to 1 m. ta il, s sharply 3-angled: ves and
bracts of the involucre quite similar, smooth above: spikelets oe ee
in mm. long, each with a
S l n
narrowly obovoid or narrowly ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, garb a
and river- ices “Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. N at. of the trop.—(W. I., Mez.,
C. A., S. A., O. W.)
| 13. FUIRENA Rottb. Perennial or rarely annual caulescent herbs.
Leaves sometimes represented only by sheaths. Spikelets many-flowered, terete,
often bur-like, clustered, or rarely solitary. Scales spirally imbricate, awned.
Flowers perfect. Perianth of 3 usually stalked scales alternating with down-
wardly barbed bristles. Stamens 3. Ovary stipitate. Style not swollen at
the base, deciduous. Stigmas 3. Achene 3- Joe i. or nearly sessile,
smooth.—About 30 species, most abundant in the warmer regions.—Spr—fall.
—UMBRELLA-GRASSES.
Leaves reduced to sheaths without blades, except sometimes near ee of the stem.
SCIRPOIDEAE.
Leaves with well-developed sheaths and blades. II. SQUARBOSAE.
SCIRPOIDEAE
Leaf-sheaths all bladeless : blades of the perianth-seales ovate. 1. F. scirpoidea.
Leaf-sheaths on the upper part of rd stem blade-bearing: blades
of the perianth-scales suborbicul
to
. F. longa.
II. Sou
PE bristles exceeding the achene and seed -seales : plants
3. F. squarrosa.
Perianth bristles o EL to the middle of the achene or shorter:
Pola qe. very short, not exceeding the stipe of the
l RT or slightly longer : perianth- Seales wi ith suborbicular
r somewhat reniform blades 4. F. breviseta.
Perianth- bristles reaching to about the middle of the achene:
perianth-seales with deltoid-ovate blades. 5. F. hispida.
F. scirpoidea Michx. Perennial, the
S
stem d gregarious, 2-6 dm. tall
ves mere sheaths with oblique margin
braets of the involuere 2— ] ke-
lets solitary or clustered gu mm piss
scales pubescent, the body 3 mm. long,
ith a short subulate tip: ne of Bu
perianth-scales ovate, acute, m.
long, rounded base e Sere E
as long as the sepal-stalks or longer: achene-
body oval-rhombie or s t obovoid
fully 1 mm. long.—Lake shores, swamps,
and low pcne Coastal Plain, Fla. to
—La. and Ga.
CYPERACEAE |.173
2. F. longa Chapm. Perennial, the s loosely tufted or gregarious, 8—15
dm. long, Sus reclining: leave es various, the lower ones mere sheaths, the
upper ones with narrow D ds of the involucre 8-16 mm. long: spike-
sae ae 10-15 mm. long: seales pubescent, the body 3-4 mm. long, with
long subulate e "blades of the perianth-seales suborbicular, abruptly
gu ed, [pe than . lo ong, truncate or subeordate at the base: perianth-
]
bri stles shorter ie the sepal-stalks: achene-body obov Hie or oval, barely
l mm. long.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, W Fla. to Mis
3. F. squarrosa Michx. Annual, 1-3 dm. tall, or rarely taller: leaves glabrous
or the sheaths of the lower Bue finely hir ute: spikelets usually clustered:
scales pubescent, the body ovate, the awn Le subulate, one-half as long
as the ped or more: perianth-seales 3 long or more; blades “elliptic
or nearly so, each prolonged into a ee slender awn, e d at the base:
ME -body broadly oval, less t 1 ong.— (Sau MARSH UMBRELLA-
S.) —Wet, often brackish, grounds ee Plain, Fla. to Mass.; also
Great Lake Lowland, Ind. and Mie
4. F. breviseta Coville. Perennial, up to 1 m. tall: leaves finely n
or quite as long a id body: per acu Ae abou . long; poe: ub
orbicular or somew eniform, eee tipped, uiia onda the base:
achene-bod uie ae less than 1 lon F. squa o breviseta
Coville.]—Moist sandy soil and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
5. F. hispida Ell. Perennial, 2-8 dm. tall: pete both the sheaths and the
blades more or less hirsute: spikelets ae clustered: scales pubescent, the
body obovate, the awn subulate, nearly or quite as long as the body: perianth-
scales about 2 mm. long; sat deltoid-ovate, abruptly pointed, truncate or
val or r i . long.
the
. Squarrosa hispida (EIL) Glee 24 IDE and wet p Coastal
Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex., Okla. , Ky., and N. J. (or N. Y. 2)
14. DICHROMENA Michx. Ada ccs herbs with ‘rootstocks.
Leaves mostly near the base of the stem: blades narrow, attenuate. Spike-
lets few—several-flowered, or rarely ieee eer crowded in a terminal head
which is involucrate by a whorl of leaf-like bracts, the bracts often white or
colored at the base, thus serving to attract insects. Scales rather md im-
brieate, broad, keeled, white or whitish. Perianth wantin Stamens 3.
Ovary sessile: style subu late. Stigmas 2. Achene short, atena ne
turgid, transversely wrinkled, crowned with the broad truncate or decurrent
tubercle. About 20 species, natives of the warm parts of America.—Spr.—fall.
—WHITE-TOPS
Bracts of the involucre 4-6, linear or slenderly attenuate: tubercle truncate on top
of the achene,
Leaves filiform above the dilated base: achenes dark; tubercle
low, blunt. 1. D. floridensis.
Lenves linear above the dilated base: achenes pale; tubercle
acute. 2. D. colorata.
Bráets. of. the involucre 7-10, lanceolate: tubercle decurrent on l
the sides of the achene. 3. D. latifolia.
1. D. floridensis Britton. Plant 1—4 dm. tall, the stem slender, often copiously
tufted:. bracts of the involucre 4-6, slenderly attenuate beyond the dilated
174 CYPERACEAE
bases: heads about 1 em. in diameter: spike-
lets elli pte, 5-7 mm. long, pale, often green-
Mas cales 3—4 mm. long, o obtuse or
mueronulate: achene esl Ai oid or
bro DO oval, fuly 1 ong, finely
wrinkled. = pina bu Keys, Fla.
2. D. colorata (L.) A. Hitehe. Plant up to
m. tal
dp us leaf-blades narrowly jun deus
i , white or
braets of
yellowish oe at the n refexed when
matur eads 1.5-2 cm. meter or
rarely 5 smaller Dr Meis elliptie:
Sca m. long, whitish: m obovoid
Or me cw fully 1 long, not
constricted at the base, the tubercle case
on the top of the e.— ( )—Wet places, low grounds, and swamps,
usually calcareous, C4 a ad occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex.
and Va. (or N. J.?9) —(W. I., Mex.)
3. D. latifolia Baldw. Plant up to 1.2 m. tall, _the 2 E) Budd leaf-
blades broadly linear-attenuate: braets of the involuere 7—10, becoming c p
or ed, often reddish at the end strongly reflexed Mn mature: me 1.5-2 e
n diam
mm. lon Shitish:
iene E -obovoid or turgid-globose, fully 1 mm. long, often constricted
at the base, the tuber a decurrent on the sides of the achene.—(WHITE-TOP
RUSH.) Moist or wet pinelands, Shallow d and aeid sandy swamps, Coastal
Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Va.
15. PSILOCARYA Torr. Annual, or rarely perennial, caulescent herbs.
Leaves fe blades very narrow and elongate. Spikelets few to many, in
terminal Bd Mec umbel-like or cyme-like clusters, not flattened, several-
many-flowered. Scales closely imbricate, concave, deciduous. Perianth-bristles
wanting. ens 2 or Mus . Ovary sessile: style with a dilat
e base. Stigmas 2. Achene lenticular, short, sometimes d
re or less ads n transversely wrinkled, capped by the short or ur
RR —About 10 species, natives of the warmer parts of Ameri
um.—fall, or all year S.—BALD-RUSHES.
Tubercle oe to triangular-lanceolate or subulate, nearly or quite as long as the
ne, slightly decurrent.
An. finely and shallowly, often obscurely, wrinkled, the
tubercle subulate. 1. P. scirpoides.
Achene haa wrinkled, the tubercle ovate to triangular-
lanceolat 2. P. corymbifera.
Tubercle dius much shorter than the achene, more or less
nd aud at the base
Achene about 1 mm. long, slightly, often obscurely, shouldered
at the base: spikelet- o 2-3 mm. long. 3. P. nitens.
Achene about 1.5 mm. , prominently shouldered at the
base: spikelet-scales d 3. 5 mm. long. 4. P. Schiedeana.
P. scirpoides Torr. Plant 0.5-3 dm. tall, or rarely smaller or ide er:
spikelets ovoid, usually ous. so, 5-7 mm. long, obtuse or acute: scales
2.5-3 mm. long, obtuse or acute, appressed, chestnut-brown: achene sub-
orbicular in outline, or Pl n barely 1 mm. long, finely E shallowly
CYPERACEAE 175
wrinkled, slightly margined, somewhat contracted at the base, the tuberele
subulate, as long as the achene or longer, slightly decurrent.— (BALD-RUSH. )—
Coastal
Re 1, and Great Lake Lowland, Ind. and
2. P. COE rA (C. Wright) Britton.
Plant 1-7 dm. tall: spikelets ellipsoid-
suborbieular in pae or much depressed,
0. n more, rather coarsely
eolate, te
as long as the ache ne lightly decurrent.
[P. corymbiformis Benth.]—Wet pinelands
and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.—(W. I.)
pi P. nitens (Vahl) Wo od. Plant 2-7 dm. pe spikelets pios ib ellipsoid-
oid, 5—7 mm. long, usually acute: seales mm. long, acute or
slightly acuminate, appressed, ‘brown: achene oui r in ai or orbicu-
lar-obovoid, abou poi oarsely m d, often margined, barely con-
a at th mps,
lake-shores, and wet gro PM Coastal Plain, "Fla. to Tex. and N. Y., and Great
Lake Lowland, Ind. and Mi ch
oo P. ER e. Liebm. Plant mostly 2-5 dm. = o conic-
oid, 6-8 mm. eng: acuminate: c a ph 5 mm. long, acuminate,
ae lax, brown nish: e depressed, about 1.5 m pe rod: ST
late, marginless, the POBRE much depress ar with a ioe tip and very promi-
nent shoulders.— Wet soil, pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mex.)
16. RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. Perennial or rarely annual caulescent gre
garious or tufted herbs. Leaves with narrowly linear, flat, channeled
volute, filiform, or capillary blades, those of the stem with long sheaths.
Spikelets mainly globose, ie ellipsoid, or. fusiform, 1-2-flowered or rarely
d, b min
few-flowered, borne in ter l and axillary capitate or open, often corymb-
cymes. Scales ned concave. Perianth of 3—6, or fewer or more,
barbed or plumose bristles, or obsolete dera mo ary sessile or
stly 3. Ova
stipitate: style partly persistent. Stigmas 2. Achene lenticular, sometimes
very turgid, smooth, cancellate, or Boe d wrinkled, capped or erowned
with a depressed or elongate tubercle. About 200 species, most abundant in
warm regions.—Spr.-fall or all year S.—BEAK-RUSHES.
Style elongate: stigmas much shorter than the style.
Spikelets in 1-4 dense globose heads. CAPITATAE.
Mid. 2 panicled clusters: achene capped with a stout
tuber II. CORNICULATAE.
Style nore: ee as long as the style or longer.
Perianth-bristles wanting or very short. III. PUSILLAE.
Perianth-bristles present and usually well-developed.
Bristles plumose: achenes wrinkled. IV. PLUMOSAE.
Bri stles more or less distinctly barbed. V. GLOMERATAE.
Plant stiffly erect : leaf-blades invalute, thüs BP
heads short-peduncled or long-peduncled. 1. R. Tracyi.
CYPERACEAE
II. CORNICULATAE
Achene ellipsoid-obovate, much longer than wi
Perianth- I Shorter than the achene: e achene
5-6 m
Perianth | rer about twice as long as the achene: ma-
ture achene less than 5 mm. long.
Achene broadly- obovate, slightly longer than wide.
Inflorescence effuse, the prim e oo mur is with few Spike-
nd S us ae less an 5 long: perianth-bristles
ua
lüforescence fastigiate, the primary glomurels with many
(10—50) EE Ne achene 5-6 mm. long: perianth-bris-
tles usually 6.
III. PUSILLAE
Achene transversely wrinkled.
Achene ues or ur
Ac e ae culate, 0.5-0.7 mm. long: spikelets loosely cor-
Aches po 1.5-2 mm. long: spikelets corymbose-cap.-
Stem ‘leaves with blades 0.7 mm. wide or less: spikelets
Stem-leaves with eem 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: spikelets
AEE ET ut "E 5 long, obovoid-ellipsoid or
oval, 2M pitted. the tubercle minute, incon-
2 long, suborbicular or oval-
orblenlar, ers ie the tubercle prominent.
IV. PLUMOSAE
Spikelets solitary or 2-4 together, 6-8 mm. long.
Spikelets numerous, clustered, 2.5-4 mm. long.
Perianth-bristles plu umose nearly or quite pA the top.
tems slender, 1 .5-3.5 dm. tall: spikelets small.
Stems stout, 3-6 dm tall: spikelets large.
Perianth-bristles plumose below the middle or only near
V. GLOMERATAE
BEIE a barbed.
Scales pale-green or white: perianth-bristles 9-24.
pe hene broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid-obovoid : perianth-
bristles ipae doe than 15.
ME turbinate-obov
h-bristles mostly more
Scales boom perianth-bristles 6.
. Sp ne dd to numerous in rather loose, often pani-
sters.
Spi pikelets many together in clusters; scales dark-
wn
Achene about 1. 5 mm. long, the body broadly el-
lipsoid bos the stipe-like base.
no about 2 mm. long, the body subglobose
ove the stipe-like ase.
Spi eres few in distant clusters ; scales pale-brown.
Spikelets numerous, in 2-4 dense globose clusters.
Spikelets 5-6 mm. long: achene 2.5 . long.
Spikelets 3-3.5 mm. long: achene 1.5 mm. long.
Bristles ea barbe
Achene ooth or cancellate, not transversely wrinkled.
conos smoo
Tubercle of ‘the achene ciliate to serrulate.
Leaf-blades flat.
Leaf- E ane
involute, filiform or
Achcue Tinear- oblong: perianth-bristles much
mm. long or less, light-brown.
Achene 1.5-2 mm. long, dark-brown.
eu
d
e
10.
"n
Or
20.
21.
d!
24.
28. R.
R.
. corniculata.
inundata.
. Careyana.
. macrostachya.
. intermirta.
. divergens.
. Chapmanii.
. pallida.
. Rappiana.
. oligantha.
plumosa.
intermedia.
. semiplumosa.
. alba.
macra,
capitellata.
glomerata.
leptocarpa.
acillari
"icsoceahdid:
fuscoides.
Curtissii.
filifolia.
CYPERACEAE
Achene eae obovoid, much less
than 1 mm. wide.
MN broadly obovoid, about 1 mm.
Fz a bristles about as long as the
Spikelet-seales very broad, suborbicu-
A: eniform, mostly less than 3
un
Spikelet-scales narrow, ne to
elliptie, mostly over 3 mm. lon
porn Dee much longer
Achene without a stipe-like base, the
tubercle conic-subulate.
Achene with a stipe-like base, the tu-
bercle pc
Leaf-bla -
Perianth-bristles much pera than the achene,
times very short.
Leaf-bla ER z. .D- 3 mm. wide: spikelets 2-5
on
Leaf-blades narrowly linear: spikelets 4-
Leaf-blades s bristle like, filiform: spikelets
Leat blades "aio p) wide: spikelets 6-8
Achene cancel s
Leaf- EAT any 1 linear, blunt or merely acute:
e
Leaf-blades DR ON linear, attenuate.
Achenes 2.5 mm. long, equalling or Shorter than
the Dris tle
Achen n 2 2. mm. long, much longer than the
Spikelets ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5-3.5
. long: tubercle not constricted at the
bas
Spikelets globose-ovoid, about 2 mm. long:
ube nd constricted at the base
Achene transversely wrinkle
Perianth-bristles enorter than the achen
Leaf-bl ms filiform: spikelets filiform-
lades and stem
edicelled, stalked.
Leaf-blades flat or involute, not filiform :
sessile or short- -pedicelled, stalked.
Leaf-blades involute
Achene flat, 1.5 ‘mm. long, continuous with
the tubercle.
chene strongly biconvex, 2 mm. long, con-
stricted under the tubercle.
Leaf-blades flat.
eer eee hae not constricted under the
spikelets
Achenes 1 mm. E tubercle depressed,
wider than
Achene ellipsoid, decideuiy longer than
I uy 1 wide, finely
Achene o e about as
S wide, fully 1 mm. wide,
ned wrin
Cymes many r les
nodding: ‘tubercle donfucnt with
the achene-
e pM erect: tuber-
with ring-like base, thus
a
en differentiated from the
body.
achene-
25. R.
on
N
CO
Q2
d
38.
e
42. R.
eJ
. R.
fusca.
. Harperi.
distans.
- solitaria.
. gracilenta.
Smallii.
Baldwinii.
. fascicularis.
. Wrightiana.
dodecandra.
ciliaris.
Grayi.
Harveyi.
. pinetorum.
rariflora.
Torreyana.
Earlei.
Edisoniana.
. perplexa.
globularis.
178 CYPERACEAE
adii 1.5 mm. long: tubercle conic, about
s high as wide. 5. R. cymosa.
Achene eon reseed: constricted under the
rele. 6. R. compressa.
Perianth-bristles gem long as the achene or longer.
Spikelets ovoid to globular, 2-4 mm. long.
chene not stipi ate.
with nn or ascending peduncles
end pedic
Tuberele not En eto se
Tubercle depress sed-conic or disk-like. 47. R. saxicola.
Tubercle conic or E EE 14 to l5
as long as the achen
Achene d mo long. 48. R. punctata.
Achene-
Periantir bristles A as long
achene, exceeded
ually by t tubercle.
Spikelets uce: tubercle
blu E achene orbicu-
lar- n 49. R. microcarpa-
Sp : uk s e Us B sharp- pointed,
ne ellipsoid. 50. R. decurrens.
Perianth: bristles ES longer
achene and tubercle. 51. R. schoenoides.
Tubercle setos
D i —3-flowered.
erianth- bristles not longer than
achene and tubercle. 52. R. patula.
Perianth- bristles longer than the
achene and tubercle.
Anon broadly gue void or
P neus obovoid. 53. R. caduca.
Ach narrowly obovoid. 54. R. miata.
Spikelets 5—10- flowered. 55. R. prolifera.
Cymes with divaricate peduncles and
pedicels. 6. R. miliacea,
Achene constricted at the base into a stipe:
tuber setos 57. R. stipitata.
Spikelets fusiform "to lanceolate, 4-6 mm. lon
Le in as ades filiform: achene obovoid : tubercle
58. R. stenophylla.
Leaf-blades not filiform : achene linear-ellipsoid
blanceolate: tubercle setose. 59. R. inexpansa.
1. R. pared Britton. Stem up to 1.2 m. tall, nearly terete: leaf-blades chan-
; wide: spikelets in i dense heads, 5-6 mm. long, pale: scales
d Or slightly dran: achene obov -
or euneate-obovoid, 2 mm. long, ciliat
n exceeded by the perio ee the
tubercle subulate,. fully twice as long a
achen Ceratoschoenus rue Cha E m]
—Pineland ponds and pe Coastal Plain,
—(W. I.)
E
Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—
2. R. corniculata (Lam.) A. Gray. Stem
up to 2 m. tall, 3-angled: leaf-blades 6—20
in diffus es, fusiform:
seales i cus or slightly acuminate: achene
ellipsoid- par mm. long, nee ex-
edin UR unequal perianth-
bristles, the tubercle 1m several pore
han Hor
longer t the —( NED-RUSH.)—
Swamps and wet eon Coastal Plain and a adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo.,
D a.—A form from the interior, Ala. to Tex., Ark., and Ind., with
el., and
ao aceite smaller achenes has been described as A. conniculata. ined r.
3. R. inundata (Oakes) Fernald. Stem, leaves, and inflorescence resembling
R. corniculata, but plants loosely PE and widely gregarious: spike-
CYPERACEAE 179
s pq fusiform: seales ii or abruptly pointed: aehene mostly 4—4.5
i ut d as long a a erianth- pine the tubercle about thrice
four eae as l as the achene.—( HORN H.)—Ponds, M swamps,
and pns Coastal Plain and New England Gu Fla. to Mas
4. R. Careyana Fernald. Stem and leaves resembling those of R. corniculata
and È. inundata, the D like the latter widely stoloniferous: inflorescence
effuse, the ters ra V er lax: spikelets loosely spreading: seales aeute to
abruptly pointed: achen UN about 4 mm “Jong, about 14 as long as the
perianth- ier the iubere nearly thriee as long as the achene.—( HORN
H.)—Marshes, ponds, ditches, low pinelands, Fla.
5. R. macrostachya Torr. Stem up to 2 m. tall, 3- fon Me solitary is some-
what tufted, but not NUT d leaf-blades. mostly less than 2 cm. wide:
spikelets in one or several dense fastigiate clusters, Pisiform sales pus Or
acuminate and often slender-tipped: achene y obovate, 5
much shorter than the perianth-bristles, the tuberele thriee or four times as
long as the achene. [R. corniculata macrostachya Britton.]— (Hor NED- nid) )
—Swamps, marshes, ponds, and wet pinelands, sean in salt-marshes
various oou Fla. to Tex. "SE Kans., Mich., and E Mass.—The frui t ehar-
acters as given above fail occasionally in eee s from t of ex "Missis-
sippi River, which have narrower achenes and Short bud. ‘bristle
R. intermixta C. Wright. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, filiform or capillary: leaf-
blades da M the stem, but more slender, curved: spikelets elliptic-ovoid,
about 2 mm. long, borne in 1-3 s separate lax clusters: ene obtuse or abruptly
oid,
pointed, 1.5-2 mm. long: achene ellipsoid- -obovoid o eate-obov
long or nearl 80, transversely wr d . Whitish, ES puce:
perianth-bristles, the tu bre small, depressed. [5 P silla M. A..Curti xu
Pineland swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W 13
divergens M. A. Curtis. Stem 1.5—4 dm. tall, filiform or wi iry: leaf-
blades resembling the stem but more slender, curved: spikelets borne in loose
or somew $a Rue ntraeted corymb-like cymes, elliptic Fi ovoid-elliptic, 3-3.5
ong, a seales aeute or mueronulate, 2-2. du . long: achene broadly
obovoid c rbieulr oed much | tha n 1m te ng, nii bs the
bas mpanied with pe e pr s the iub much depressed.—
Moist pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C—(CW. I.)
8. R. Videndum M. A. Cur Stem 2—6 dm. tall, filiform: leaf-blades re-
sembling the stem but more sender: spikelets borne in usually a solitary termi-
al cluster, fusiform, 3—4 mm. long: scales d d mucronate, 2-3 mm. long:
achene oval, fully 1 mm. Tu smooth and ing, not aecompanied by
an
Pen -bristles, the tubercle deltoid, ne slightly depressed.—Low
pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.
9. R. pallida M. A. Curtis. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, stoutish: spikelets numerous,
borne in a mostly PA terminal dense cluster, fusiform, 4-6 mm. long:
PM acuminate or abruptly pointed, 2.5—4 m E perianth- “bristles Mat
short, a Or W E Do achene obovoid- ‘ellipsoid or oval, about 1.5
long, ooth, the tu bercle inconspicuous, minute, depresse d.— Àcid "OE
i Coastal Plain, N. C. to N. Y.
R. Rappiana Small. Similar to E. d in ae, Aa peed and with
ne leaf- blades: spikelets rather num bor ngle terminal
cluster, gene a colored, 5-6 m ng desc cnn abruptly short gun
mo stly 3 long: perianth- bristles v Nan short or wanting: ae sub-
ae neue orbi ae about ong, pale, minutely ied m ‘tubercle
prominent, pate ee depressed Mies E E pen. Fla.
180 CYPERACEAE
11. R. oligantha A. Gra Stem 2-4 dm. tall, capillary: o d or
few together in a lax clu ster, ellipsoid Or ellipsoid-fusiform 6-8 m
scales acute or abruptly pointed, 4—6.5 mm. long: perianth -bristles ine EA
the ene, y plumose below the middle: achene o re
long, tran nl wrinkled, the tubercle prominent, wit ilated border and
a con , often acid, sandy soil and REOTA Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex
12. R. plumosa Ell. Stem 1-3.5 dm. tall, slender and wiry: leaves few: blades
filiform, dier d selects borne in 2—4 lax clusters, ellipsoid-ovoid, 2.5-3.5
mm. long: cales s -acuminate or s te, 2. 5-4 mm. lo ong: perianth-
bristles o nearly or quite to the top, about a s long as the achene or
or ter: achene mers ea obovoid or broadly oval, fully 1.5 mm, oa ze di
led, the tubercle depressed-conic, not constricted under bas
El Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I.)
13. R. intermedia Mu E pL Stem 2-7 dm. tall, stout: leaves numer-
ous: blades 1-2 mm. wide, or less involute: spikelets borne in 4—6 clusters
i r
o rrupted te
e ovoid, 3—4 . long: seales Pipe. 3-5 mm. long: perianth-
bri s plumose nearly or quite to the top, longer than the achene: achene
abe 5) abou . long, transversely wrinkled, the tubercle depressed-conic,
constricted ds ‘the base.—Pinelands, Fla. Reported from Ala.
14. R. semiplumosa A. Gray. Stem 2.5-7 dm. tall, bright-green: leaf-blades
1.5-2.5 mm. wide: spikelets dd in a terminal head -like cluster, or some-
bra 2. a o cluster, fusiform, 4-6 mm. long: scales short-acumi-
2-8 mm. lon ea
a cen longer min ae achene: aehene broadly obovoid or orbieular-obovoid,
about 1.5 mm. long, wrinkled, the tubercle conic, often broadly so, above the
. annular Pen — Pin elands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.— (W. I.)
15. R. alba (L.) Vahl. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, pale-green: leaf-blades mostly
less than 2 mm. wide: spikelets borne in mostly 2—4 dense corymb-like clusters,
4—5.5 mm. long, narrowly duque hine acute or mucronate, 3.5-5 mm. long,
white or pale- - een: perianth-bris 9—15 or rarely more, much ais than
the achene: achene broadly e cllipsoid b ellipsoid- psi fuly 1.5 mm. long,
pale-brown, constricted at the base, the t bu rele d one-half as long
as is achene or more.—( WHITE BEAK-R H.)—A Acid bogs, oo M
Ga. to Ky., Minn., "N Calif., Alas., C eu d Newf.—(W. I., 0. W.)
16. R. macra (Clarke) Small. Stem 2-8 wel tall, bright-green: leaves mostly
over 2 mm. wide: spikelets borne in mostl or 2 dense corymb-like clusters,
4,5—5.5 mm. lone. fusiform: scales mucro A 3—4.5 mm. p ordre
perianth- -bristles pA 15-24, much longer than the achene: urbinate-
obovoid, about 2 mm. long, br own, Zo at the esi ae eee conic
or conic-subulate, about one-half as long the achene. [&. alba macra
Clarke. |—Wet Oa aie Coastal Plain, Fla. p. Tex. and Ga.
7. R. capitellata (Miehx.) Vahl. Stem up to 1.5 m. tall, bright-green: leaf-
blades deep-green, mostly 3 mm. wide or s spikelets borne in few dense
eorymbose-eapitate, mostly erect, distant, clusters, ellipsoid-ovoid, 3-4 mm.
long: scales dark-brown, 1.5-3 m long, usually rad pape dedu
bristles much longer than "the achene: achene obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, con-
stricted at the base, dark-brown, the pi subulate iod lanceolate: subulate,
as long as the achene or nearly so. [E. glom e n U. 5. E ow an
wet grounds, often acid, ions provinces, Fla. t ex., Mich, and N. B.
18. R. glomerata (L.) Vahl. Stem up to 2 m. tall, bright-green: leaf-blades
bright- green, flat, mostly 4—7 mm. wide: spikelets borne in several to ma y
CYPERACEAE | 181
corymbose-cymose dense pini hor are a nodding, fusiform, 5— 6m
long: scales dark-brown, , 2.5-5 mm. long: perianth- bristles iu
longer than the achene: Boe i adly obovoid or pyriform, about 2 mm.
long, much constricted at “the base, the body thus often orbicular in outline,
or even wider than high, the tubercle sabes. as long as the achene or
nearly so. [R. glomerata paniculata (A. Gray) Chapm.]—Swamps, moist
s and ravines, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Md.
9. R. leptocarpa (Chapm.) Small. i up to 1 l, light- or pale-
ns leaf-blades thinnish, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: PO ees pre usually few
together, in 3-6 short- stalke d clusters, posu e braets x p tlets n as
almost hs ilary Eu ellipsoid or Eel soid- fusiform ong: scales
obtuse dans ery thin, pale- i 1.5-3 mm. long: peres pia
longer n the achene: 'achen en d, about 1.5 mm. long, pale, slightly
constricted an b Dus p shining, the tubercle lanceolate-subulate, shorter
[ &. erata dn Chapm.]—Wet woods and low
eed roe Plain, ora, to Miss. and S. C.
20. R. axillaris (Lam.) Britton. Stem stout, up to 1 m. tall: leaf-blades 2-3
mm. wide, flat: spikelets i in ds large globular eve Coser 1.5-2.5
, diameter), fusiform, 5-6 mm. long: dark-bro 3—5 mm. b ng:
aristulate-acuminate: perianth- “bristles larger oe ds HS. tar yn
ceeding the tubercle: achene globose-obovoid, above the stipe-like base, pe
2.0 mm. lon oe the tubercle subulate, about as long as. the achene. [. cepha-
lantha A. Gray.]—Aecid is and swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces,
Fla. to La. and N. S.—(W. I.)
21. R. microcephala Britton. Stem slender, up t m. tall: leaf-blades
Cue ic page ee spikelets aa in several nee a a
(mos er), fusiform, 3-3.5 ong: seales chest
bou ee mm. cere nulate: periant- ‘bristles Mes p nger than ps
achene and tubercle: es Bon oid, abou . lon 28, constricted at the
base, the tubercle subulate- lanceolate, nii. than “the —Swamps and
low grounds, often acid, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, a m La. and N. J.
22. - ipic Clarke. Stem Psp 1-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades flat, rad
1-2 wide: ir ds borne few together in 1-3 stiff clusters, ovoid o
ellipsoid. rs 2-2.5 mm. long, acute at both ends: scales muero nate, 2—4
long: per erianth- eles longer ihan the achene: achene broadly oval or orbieu-
lar-oval, 1.5-2 mm. long, not constricted at the base, the cse Ub
conie, as long as ‘the achene or longer.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Tex—(W. I. ) |
s A Stem filiform, 1-2 dm. tall: leaf gos strongly
volute, very n w: r depu e aged n i ud n 1-3 lax
d elipsoid often qu 1 , 4—6 m ong, a t bot aude: scales
mucronate, 2.5-5 mm. long or rarely S pen Bede de longer e thie
achene: achene narrowly ellipsoid or linear-ellipsoid, about 1.5 long,
smooth, T tubercle lanceolate, fully one-half as long as the ieu Moist
pinelands, W Fla.
24. R. filifolia Torr. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades channeled and involute,
thus filiform or bristle-like: spikelets borne in usually 2—4 capitate clusters,
3.5 j
lanceolate in outline or A di, te, 3-3.5 mm. long: scales acuminate or
mucronulate, 2-3 mm. long, bro ae tae e d than the
eS achen ne obovoid, about 1m ong, shining, light-brown, the tuberele
deltoid to a -lanceolate, iu than the achene. Pinela nd ponds,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N. J.—(W. I.)
25. fusca (L.) Ait.f. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, deep-green: leaf-blades filiform-
setaceous, T e borne few together in 1—4 rather lax clusters,
182 CYPERACEAE
fusiform, 4.5-6 mm. long: scales o 3-5 mm. long, chestnut-colored:
perianth- “bristles ae tae of them longer than the achene: achene nar-
rowly obovoid, about 1 mm. long, Eo constricted at the base, the tubercle
pied RUD or acs late, shorter than the achene.—Around ponds,
often eid soil, various provinces, Fla. to Ga., Miss.(?), Mich., Ont., and
“0. W.)
. Harperi Small. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, o leaf-blades involute, thus
ifo rm or linear- PR x elets borne in usual or 3 loose- eT.
e d en 5-5.5 mm. long: scales ae E N mostly 3-5
wn: E verbe longer i. n achene: achene apoio.
Rem 2 mm. zm n8, constricted into a so B -like base, smooth, the
tubercle subulate, truneate.—Pineland pui "Coastal Plain, Ga. —Most closely
related to E. le piorhyneha € = Wright, of Cuba, which was once recorded from
Florida, pen tly ine
27. R. distans d Vahl. Stem 2-7 Es tall, slender: leaf-blades very
narrow, involute, s filiform or nde spikelets | e few together or
several, in usu ally p» Or 4 head-like eymes, o - ong: scales muero-
nate, dark- brown, 2-3 m ong: perianth- bristles mostly as ped as the achene
Or p achene o en Or - orbieular-oval, varying to ovoid or obovoid, about
1.5 mm. long, the t tube rele eonie-subulate, about one- ‘half as long as the achene.
L Coastal Plain, Fla. to 5. = )
28. R. pec d Stem slender, 3-8 dm. tall, M ed leaf-blades
about 2 m r less, mostly flat: spikelets in eae capitate clusters,
narrowly ia. a a ceolate in outline, 5-6.5 mm. lon scales aristulate-
tipped, pen mostly 3-6 mm. long: erianth- bus about as long as the
achene: obovoid, Bb. En 5 mm. long, faintly pitted, the tuberele tri-
angular o or ERN much shorter than the achene.—Moist pinelands, Coastal
Plain, S Ga,
29. R. aaan A. Gray. Stem = dm. tall, very pia a o leaf-
tha A
blades flat, or somewhat involute in drying, mostly les
spikelets borne in 1-4 lax ae narrowly ov ee Tn mm
acute or abruptly pointed, mostl 2-3 mm . long, Dro : perianth- e nh
es than the achene: achene piss Or subglobose, about 1.5 m m. lon ng or more,
mooth, the tubercle paper s long a e achene or lon pd —Low pine-
D and acid p ADM Coas tal "Plain ur uta adi. provinees, Fla. to Tex
and N. J.—(W. I.)
30. R. Smallii Britton. Stem up to 1.5 m. tall, ae alae n ase flat,
ub:
: : own 1235 “mm
long: perianth-bristles much longer than the achene: achene obovoid, some-
times narrowly so, about 1.5 mm. long, smooth, the tubercle lanceolate, one-
half as long as the achene or more.—Swamps and damp hillsides, Blue Ridge,
, and various Mon Va. to Pa. and N. J.
31. R. Baldwinii A. Gray. Stem stout, up to 1.2 m. tall, sharply 3-angled:
oe 2—7 mm. wide, more or less glaucous: o borne e in 1-3 loosely
capitate clusters, ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 5-6 mm. long: scales aristate-tipped,
ches tnut- -CO oa ed, 3-5 mm. long: perianth- bristles ren er than th
achene oval or globo se-oval, fully 2 mm. long, minutely granular, the tubercle
triangular conie, shorter than the achene. —Low ade Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Miss. N. C.
32. R. fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl. e d: up to 1.5 m. tall, often ob-
seurely 3-angled: leaf-blades 1.5-4 mm. wide, more or s involute, but ee
ery narrow: spikelets borne in me le ee head-like cymes, broa der
ovate-lanceolate in outline, 4—5 mm. long or rarely smaller: scales i
CYPERACEAE 183
mucronate, 3-4.5 mm. long, dark ig. Bur ei -bristles shorter than the
: achene oval or orbicular- -oval, long or less, the tubercle tri-
angular, often deltoid.—Low pinelands, et Plain, Fla. to La. and N
—(W. I.)
33. R. Wrightiana Boeckl. Stem very slender or filiform, 2-4 dm. long,
spreading or ee “leaf-blades involute, thus filiform or setaceous:
spikelets borne n usually 2 or 3 cluster- cymes, fusiform or narrowly ovoid,
2.5—3 mm. lon cales mucronate, 2.5-3 mm. long, brown, often pale: perianth-
bristles much nm than the achene: BENE oval or orbi icular- m id, 1-1.5
mm. long, the tubercle deltoid or depressed. [R. brachychaeta Sauv. ]—Moist
pinelands and grassy swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C—(W. I.)
34. R. indique Baldw. Stem dud pe to 1.2 m. tall, 3-angled: pos et
i 4—10 mm. wide: spikelets borne in 4—6 lax eorymb- like clusters, ov
. long: sea ics eod chestnut- e. 3-8 mm. long: perianth- fans
m rter than the aehene: achene orbieular- obovoid or oval, 3-4 long,
smooth, the tubercle d pope ed, with a collar-like base, much Boon m the
achene. Sa ndy hammocks, sandhills, and scrub, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.
and N. C.
35. R. ciliaris (Michx.) C. Mohr. ges stout (2), up to 8 dm. tall, obtusely
ueous.
ae in a solitary capitate clus ee scm ovoid, or p n in outline,
long: scales aristate tipped, Boe: 2.5—4.5 long: perianth-
bris inh hones than the oval or ees oval, about 1.5
long, eancellate, the tube ER mere ud much 2 than the achene.
TR. ‘ciliata Vahl ]—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
36. R. Grayi Kunth. ples iced rd 2-7 dm tall, 3-angled: leaf-
blades bru linear, mostly 2—4 not Ta shi ining: spikelets
borne in 2—4 loose e e clu P ‘ovoid, 56 mm. long: scales mucronate,
3-50 m a the
achene: : achene pen cr DD adly ellipsoid, about 2.5 mm. long, cancellate,
dark-brow ercle Gar ed-conic, much shorter than the achene.—
Dry Sinne "Coda Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
37. R. Harv ici i W. Boott. us up to 1 m. tall, 3- Vu ae ee green: leaf-
blades flat or nearly so, 1.5 wide: spikelets borne in 1-4 capitate cymes
or oe especially those E he terminal inflorescence in corymb ae cymes,
ovoid, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: scales aristate-tipped or mucronate, 2-3 m m. long,
Mun cold icu d odes d uch shorter than "the
y obovoid or orbie j
ully 1.5 mm. lon
brown, the tubercle depressed, with a somewhat sie like base. le Plankii
Britton nb —Low grounds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex., Okla.,
and Ark
orum Britton & Small. Stem up to d l m. tall, sharply 3-
EET ind eren light. penu leaf-blades flat, 1.5-2 mm. wide: spi ikelets borne
in several pie pid e globose-ovoid, about mm. sine. the bracts incon-
icuo ales el E pure 2—2.0 on m
perianth- ‘pristles En ET r than the achene: ie orbieular- -obovoid, about
1.5 mm. long, finely e ud light-brown, the tuberele B ud constricted
at the base.—Pinelands between Myakka prairie and Punta Gorda, Fla.
39. R. rariflora (Michx.) Ell. Stem filiform, 2-5 dm. long, sometimes reclin-
ing: As blades involute-filiform or setaceous: spikelets borne in usually 2
or 3 en corymb-like cymes, ee or ovo 5-3 mm. long: scales
acute or obtusish, 2-3 mm. lon per d gm shorter than the
achene: achene obov oid or broadly "ellipsoid, pue 1.5 mm. long, strongly
transversely wrinkled, the tubercle depressed-conic. —Pinelands, Coastal Plain
and Piedmont, Fla. to Tex. and N. J.— I.)
184 CYPERACEAE
R. Torreyana A. Gray. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, terete or obseurely 3- -angled:
eat blades oe those of the upper leaves setaceous: spikelets Pica in
filiform-stalked, corymbose, rather eae cymes, ovoid, abou
pum scales ER UT mostly 2.5—4 m m. long: pun bies shorter
than the achene: achene e ellipsoid- obovoid, about 1.5 long, transversely
wrinkled, the tubercle broadly conic or depressed, much oes than the iid
ur pinelands and acid swamps, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Ga.
o N. H.
= Es dracon Britton. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, 3-angled: prea ts flat or nearly
wide: spikelets borne in 1 or few open corymb-like cymes, ovoid,
Se ed [p seales aristulate-mue Mond or cone p^r them acute, 2.5—3.5
mm. long, red: perianth-bristles shorter than the achene: achene rne
vagin or lpia , about 2 mm. long, transversely wrinkled, reddish-
brown, 8 hat constricted at the apex, the tubercle much depressed or Pu
flat. Baa Coastal Plain, S Ga. and Ala.
42.
blades oe. flat e nearly so, 4 mm. wide or ‘less: spikele le ts borne in a
pea ^ :
Ld. . long: sea . lon
rown: perianth-bristles shorter than the achene: achene ellipsoid, fuly 1m
long, cancellate and transversely wrinkled, the tubercle depressed, low- eem
or somewhat iud —Swamps and ponds, pen. Fla
. R. perplexa iun Stem slender, up to 1.2 m. tall: d deep-
green, flat, 1—2.5 wide: r ikelets borne in a terminal, and also s rs
lor few Pals con mpoun und corymb-like m ovoid or orbicular-ovoi id, abou
2 mm. long: s He mueronulate, brown, 1.5-2.5 mm. a a anth- bristles
ee than Bis achene: achene orbicular-obovoid, about 1 1o ong, trans-
sely wrinkled, brown, not constricted at the apex, the nerale much de-
o — Swamps, hammocks, and low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
and N. C.—(W. I.)
44. R. globularis (Chapm.) Small. pen: very slender, 0.1—1.5 m. tall, bright-
greon: leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide, but usually strongly involute: spike elts borne
in 1
or few small few-flowered close dude ubglobose or oval-globose, 1.5—2
mm. long, the ee e capillary tipped ign p or obscurely
tipped, dark-brown: h-bristles less tha ong the achen
achene iu DON pu ut 1 mm. long or slightly ieee very turgi
id,
transversely wrinkled, brown, the fibers depressed-conic.—Pinel lands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.
45. R. cymosa Ell. Stem slender, 0.5-1 m. tall, light m leaf-blades 2-5
n few
mm. wide, flat or somewhat i nvolute: spikelets’ borne veral—many-
were rymb-like cymes, ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 5- o mm. long, the
subtending bractlets with long capillary tips: scales slender-mucronate to
aristate, reddish-b -bro p nth-bristles over 1 as
hene obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, ab mm. long, strongly
transversely wrinkled, the ele low-eonie.—Swamps, meadows ds e
tuber m
nd woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Ind. and N. J
46. R. compressa Carey. Stem rather d up to 1.2 m. tall: leaf-blades 3-5
mm. wide: spikelets borne in hn 5 cluster-like or ee -like cymes, with pro
iae braets and braetlets, ovoid gend . long: seales lod 1.5-2.5
. long, brown: perianth- Desin low than "s ane achene rhombic-
obovoid or orbieular-obovoid, about 2 mm. long, somewhat Conn d at both
CYPERACEAE 185
ends, diit wrinkled and cancellate, the tubercle low-conic, with a eol-
lar-like base.—Low pinelands and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., S Mo.
and Ga.
47. R. saxicola Small. Stem 2-3 dm. tall, somewhat 3- ipud leaf- age 1-
.0 mm. ether ymb es
1.5 mm. lon ransv the tu
berele depressed-conic or disk-like, a sixth or an eighth the length of the
aehene.—Boggy slopes, Stone Mountain and Little Stone Mountain on the
Piedmont of Ga.
48. R. punctata Ell. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, slender, 3-angled: leaf-blades 2-5.5
mm. wide, flat or nearly so: spikelets borne, rather few together, in few irregu-
lar eorymb-like or cluster-like cymes, ovo oid, 3—4.5 mm. long: scales md
2—4 mm. long, light chestnut-colored: periant cud deis ia than the achen
wobei ovoid, 2-3 mm. long, prominently transversely wrinkled, the benle
ER A often deltoid, much shorter than the achene Pinelands. Coastal
Plain, Ga. and S. C.
49. R. microcarpa Baldw. Stem up to l m. tall, cd terete: leaf-blades
channeled, 1.5-4 mm. wide: spikelets Bod usu ally m any together, in 2-3,
often Er rip ee -like cymes, ovoid, 2-3 long: scales
mueronulate, 1.5-2.5 long, very broad, dark-brown: perianth- -bristles
about as long as the achene or slightly lo onger achene broadly obovoid uc
obo es obovoid, about 1 mm. long, strongly transversely w wrinkled,
tuberele depresse ed, Vim sh, mueh shorter than the achene.—Low dm
l pinelands, and ponds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and
N -(W.I -
50. R. decurrens Chapm. Stem 0.5-1.2 m. tall, nearly terete: leaf-blades lax,
2—4 mm. n. wide, flat: Elise Donc in 4-7 la ax, spreading or drooping, corymb-
ee id, 2-2.5 mm. long: scales mucronulate, 1.5-2.5 mm. long, brown:
porianth- “bristles about as long as Es aehene or longer: achene narrowly
oid neate-obovoid, about mm. long, E a wrinkled, the
faba Nes ped acute, somewhat codes on the achene-sides.—Swa amps
and muddy Fla.
R. schoenoides A ur tton. Stem up to 1.2 m. tall, 3-angled: leaf-
blades mostly 2-3 , flat or slightly involute: spikelets ROME many
EE in i- 5 lax often. somewhat nodding, bag ond -like cymes, ovoid, 2.5-3
lon cales mucro onulate, stly 2-3 mm. lon ne yon brown: dE
bristles, unequal, as ie as the ade Or trum achene oval or e n
fully 1 mm. long, strongly transversely wrinkled, one ced at the bas
tubercle depressed, pius: shorter than th hene.—Wet grounds and RR
oastal Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and N. C.
in R. patula A. Gray. Stem sng Maur 0.7-1.2 m. tall: leaf-blades 2—6
wide or more: spikelets borne i or more dae da ie hand like cymes,
aa 3-3.5 mm. long: scales rebat pe own, ong: perianth-
bristles i E as the pid or seabed achene ‘bro sadly: pt void, orbicular-
obovoid, . long or more, transversely wrinkled, the tubercle low-conic
or depre d —Svamps iu] low pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees,
Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
nid R. caduca Ell Stem 0.9-1.5 m. en sharply 3- ee leaf- pede 4—10
. wide: spikelets borne very wo e together uh regular corymb-like
cymes, ovoid, sometimes narrowly so . lon tw cales muero Bus. te, 2-3.5
m. long, dark-brown: perianth- istis | pie than the achene: achene broadly
obovoid or orbieular-obovoid, about 1.5 mm. long, finely "Peck. wrinkle d,
186 CYPERACEAE
the tubercle low-conic, much shorter than the achene.—Swamps and shaded
banks, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and N. C.—(W. I.)
. mixta Britton. Stem up to 1.5 dm. tall, 3-angled: leaf-blades 3-7 mm.
ec
n Or bus eolate in outline, 3-4 m ong: seales short-acuminate or
ba eronate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, = own: puo longer than
pron narrowly obovoid or elli pu about 1.5 mm. long, finely
the Son
Bn c wrinkle d, the tubercle conic, often one-half as long as the achene.
—Swamps and low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.
55. R. ee Small Stem 0.5-1 m. tall slender, weak, 3-angled: leaf-
blades 2—6 mm. wide, flat: D Doe usually 1 n togethe er, 2 several
corymb-like es flat, ovoid or noar -ovoid, obtuse
or aeutish, mostly 2-3 mm. long, thin, decidu hg pecie -bristles “fully
long as the achene: achene broadly o bod to suborbicular, 1-1.5 "long,
slightly transversely wrinkled, persistent on the rachis, the fines pisi
somewhat constricted at the base.—River-banks, moist sandy soil, and pin
M Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
. miliacea (Lam.) A. Gray. Stem up to 1.5 m. tall, de ndr d res
blades 3-8 mm. wide, flat: “spikelets ages mc eee in mostly 6-8 lax
eorymb-like cymes with divergent stalks, oid, m. long: s ae dos
nulate, 1.5-3 mm. long, brown: perianth- bristles ee pons the enn achene
obovoid, oval, or suborbicular, 1-1.5 m long, transversely wrinkled, pale,
the tubercle depressed or docu m much shorter than the achene.—
Caleareous low hammoeks and pond-margins, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and
N. C.—(W. I.)
57. R. ds c D Stem up to 1 m. tall arching above: leaf-blades
flat, 4—10 mm. wide: spikelets borne many togethe r in 3-5 more or less nod-
ding corymb- T cym es, n ed ovoid or broadly fusifor m, 7-8 mm. long,
brown: scales mucronate, 3.5-7 mm. long, Pp e much longer
than the a ne: achene ed obov oid, 1.5 ong, finely cT
wrinkled, tipe-like base, the tubercle dod conie, about one-half
as long as os "So nis and low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
N. C.—(W. I.)
2. R. stenophylla Chapm. Stem 1—4 dm. tall, wiry-filiform: e chan-
led or somewhat involute, very slender: spikelets borne few Boh ds 3 lax
pun corymb-like cymes, nar ie fusiform or lanceolate in mm.
long: scales mucronu oO 3—4.5 mm. long, pale-brown: ocu bristles em
than the achene: ne obov oid. or obovoid- d about 1.5 long,
transversely wrinkled, the habe is conic, about o alf as lo ome as the - achene.
—Grassy pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and & C.—
59. R. "PER ees (Miehx.) Vahl. Stem up to 1 m. tall, slender, 3- ey se
blades flat, 2 mm. wide or less: spikelets borne many togeth er in 1— narro
nun mately bone. paniele- 2 cymes, fusiform, 5-6 mm. long: ae acumi-
or slightly müeronulat 2.5-0 mm. long, brown, or reddish-brown:
s a aban t twice a as long a the achene: e pd ellipsoid
or linear-ellipsoid, or slightly broaden y upward, abou long, trans-
versely wrinkled, the "ubere triangular- duele Or M Aum subulate, one-
half as long as the ene or more.—Damp roadsides and pinelands, Coastal
Plain and adj. Ben) Fla. to La. and Va.
17. MARISCUS [Hal.] Zinn. Perennial caulescent, often tall, herbs.
Leaves few, not erowded: blades elongate, flat, or revolute in age, sometimes
with spinulose-serrulate margins. Spikelets short, in small clusters which are
borne in short rigid or long plume-like panicles, with the terminal flower per-
CYPERACEAE 187
fect and fruetiferous. Scales rather loosely imbricate, broad. Perianth want-
ing. Stamens 2. Ovary sessile: style deciduous. Stigmas 2 or 3. Achene
short, ium ovoid, inr -lenticular or obscurely 3-angled, striate or wrinkled,
not tubercled. [Cladium P. Br.]|—About 40 species, most abundant in warm
regions.—Sum.-fall.
Achene with a broad flat base which often has a flaring edge:
leaf-blades smooth or nearly so. 1. M. mariscoides.
Achene with a narrowed base: leaf-blades with spinulose-serrulate . .
margins and midrib beneath. 2. M. jamaicensis.
- M. mariscoides (Muhl.) Kuntze. Stem up to 1 m. tall, obseurely 3- i in
ith stiff branches: leaf-blades Maru. 3 mm. wide or less, nearly smooth
His of spike lets on rigidly erect or as-
cending branches: d i pas :
long: achene ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, including
the ium like tip, cma striate, the
flat base often 2 a RE edge. — (Po ND-
USH. TWIG-RUSH.)—Swamps , marshes and
wet sandy shores, = provinces, Fla. to
Ala., Minn., and N. S.
2. M. jamaicensis (Crantz) Britton. Stem
lax branches: leaf-blades d | mm. wide
or ro spinulose-serrulate on the margins |
midrib mun d. clusters of
an the
spikelets on lax, often pas branches:
3.5 m
larger scales less than g: achen
ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, 1 a or abruptly short- t-pointed, buoni narrowed at
the bas e. [C. effus (Sw.) Torr.]—(SAw S.) —Swamps and ced
mostly less than 100 ri above sea-level, Coastal "Plain, Fla. E 2 Ue
(W. I. : mass and large areas ‘of pur e saw
ex., C. A., S. A.)—In
grass excels any other sedge in our ra us It is the mu EE of
the Everglades and of other marshes, and also o swamps ranging from saline
to fresh. The numerous very sharp-edged leaves make progress through col-
onies of it diffieult.
~ 18, REMIREA Aubl Perennial gregarious caulescent herbs with elongate
horizontal rootstocks. Leaves numerous, crowded, imbricate at the base:
blades not elongate, striate. pikelets sev-
eral or pus in a sessile terminal involucrate
s few, closely imbricate, short
igmas 3. ch
narrow, d-angled, not tubercled—A single
species, widely distributed in the tropics.
E ritima Aubl. Stem 1-3 dm. tall,
ane intervals along the elongate ae
E simple: leaf-blades recurved-spreading,
2—10 em. long, attenuate, smooth: head ovoid,
1-2 em. long: spikelets 3-5 mm. long, slightly
curved: scales hooded at the apex: achene narrowly ellipsoid, 2-2.5 mm. long
or rarely longer, obtuse.—(BEACH-STARS.)—Sand-dunes along the beach, east-
188 | CYPERACEAE
ern coast of S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., O. W.)— Although relatively
small, this plant is conspicuous on account of the lines of starry t tufts which
arise at intervals from the long rootstocks which are buried in the beach sand.
19. SCHOENUS L. inne sie eae rush-like tufted herbs with short
rootstocks. Leaves few, erect: blades elongate, involute, thus slender. Spike-
lets blaek, in a dens ain terminal head subtended by a long e
braet. Seales few, de imbrieate, long and narrow, acute. Peri
3-6 scabrous or plumose bristles. Stamens 3. Ovary sessile: style doge
deciduous. Stigmas 3. Achene short and stout, 3-angled, not tubercled.—
About 60 species, mostly natives of the Old World.
o
th
1. S. nigricans L. Plant densely tufted, up to 1 m. tall, glabrous: leaf-
sheaths pei -brown or almost black a t the base; blades rigid: head of spike-
lets 1-2 em. long: Dad linear- janceolar te
in outline x 12 mm. long, dark-chestnut:
scales irene or Tu a -subulate, or
the lower ones broader, acute, scabrous-
ciliolate on the keel near the apex: achene
oval, 1.5 mm. long or rarely longer, T
bot
Ever rglados, pen. Fla. and L Keys A also
Calif. —(W. I., Mez., O. W.)— , Bec-
2
SS
NS
sity herbarium, mae d in ie Torrey’s s hand-
iting as havi
ing Zale 1-3 eae in & head and perianth- -bristles as long as the achene
or longer. S. cans has 5-15 spikelets in a head and very short or obtuse
20. SCLERIA Berg. Annual or mostly perennial, caulescent herbs with
horizontal rootstocks. Leaf-blades pd linear, usually very narrow. Fl
n b
ers monoecious. Spikelets in terminal or oth axillary and terminal clus-
ters, the pue l-flowered, the staminate several-flowered: scales imbricate.
erianth no Stamens 1-3 hers narrow. Ovary someti orne on a
imes
disk epoca ae. eis Pdl Stigmas 3. Achene erustaceous, bony,
or enamellike, the body globular or slightly elongate, ours white or nearly
so, smooth or variously roughened.—About 200 ui cies, most abundant in
warm regions.—Spr.—fall, or all year S.—NUT-RUSH
Achene with a circular, angled, or lobed disk (hypogynium)
which often bears tubercles.
Ache RE e-body smoo I. TRIGLOMERATAE.
Achene-body papillose, wrinkled, or reticulate. II. SETACEAE.
ER s ypogynium, sometimes narrowed into a stipe-
Spikelets in a single terminal cluster. III. GRACILES.
Spikelets in several separated clusters along the upper part
of the stem. IV. VERTICILLATAE.
I. TRIGLOMERATAE
Hypogynium papillose-erustaceous. 1. S. triglomerata.
Hypogynium with 8 or 9 tubercles. 2. S. oligantha.
CYPERACEAE
II. SETACEAE
E ed reticulate.
H um 3-lobed, the lobes appressed to the achene-
Achene 2m mm. s or E the body EU . S. d M E
mm : se
S.
1
pu
©
B
Q8
et
—
©
c
e
[en
ee
res
m
c
©
Nn
e
(o
B
ct
cub c5
. Ñ. he oA
H pon HL 3e a notched or 2- lobed tubercles:
achene 2.5-8 vae
Plant pubescent : : ac Hcc about 3 mm. long.
ypogynium- bd 2-lobed: spikelet-scales pu-
bescent on the back. 6. S. Elliottài.
Hypogynium-tubercles entire or merely notched:
spikelet-scales glabrous or besten on the keel. 7. S. ciliata.
Plant glabrous: achene about 2.5 mm. lon 8. S. Brittonii.
Hypogynium with 6 distinct tubercles : hence 1.5-2 mm.
long. 9. S. pauciflora.
III. GRACILES
Achene 3 mm. long or less, with a pair of prominent pits on
eaeh side of the base. 10. S. gracilis.
Achene over 3 mm. long, Wi Boul pits, or with a single pit on
each side of the bas
Achene-body smooth d even, the base, each ya with
a shallow excavation and often 2 obscure pits in it. 11. S. Baldwinii.
Achene-body ribbed lengthwise, the base prominent, each
side with a deep excavation, but without pits. 12. S. costata.
IV. VERTICILLATAE
Achene 2-2.5 mm. is ng. 13. S. lithosperma.
Achene about 1.5 mm. lon
chene-body Papilor er aged: bracts merely serrulate near
e apex. 14. S. verticillata.
Achene-body smooth : bracts with long spreading hairs. 15. S. hirtella.
1. S. triglomerata Michx. Plant up to 1 m. tall, the stems somewhat scabrous,
stout: leaf- apis flat, 3-9 mm. wide, scabrous: 'elusters of spikelets terminal,
and usually 1 or 2 long-s stalked m pis
the upper leaf- axils: achene abou
long, the body ovoid to globose- A gs
tuse, smooth and even, the hypogynium low,
obscurely triangular, papillose- ao. NY,
—(TALL NUT-RUSH.)—Moist to dry sandy
soil, meadows, and thickets, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Ia., and Vt.
S. oligantha Michx. Plant up to 9 dm
the upper : e about 3
long, the body ovoid, sometimes narrowly E
obtuse or aeute, smooth and even, the hypo-
gynium low, obtu Md tr angular, suppo fae 8 or 9 tubercles just under the
achene-body.—Moist soil, often in woods, Coastal. Plain and adj. provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Ind., and D. C.
S. p de Miehx. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, the stems smooth, slender: leaf-
bia des mm. wide, smooth: clusters of spikelets terminal and usually also
upper -axils: achene 2 mm. long or
n 1-3
les, ihe body dull- -white, globose, glabrous, reticulate, c hypogynium edt
the lobes appressed to the achene-body.—Moist meadows, damp sand, and pine-
lands, Coastal Plain and a m provinces, Fla. to Mo. and "Mass. hm Great Lake
Lowland, "Ind.—( W. I., Mex.)
190 | CYPERACEAE
4. S. setacea Poir. Plant often spreading, up to 7 dm. long, the stems erect,
spreading, or diffuse, 8 dm. long or less, usually tufted: clusters of spikelets
terminal and axillary, the arn ones stalked, nodding or sometimes nearly
erect: scales mostly 3-5 mm. long: achene 2.5-3 mm. long, the body Boho
or spheroidal, rugose or iud. pubeseent, the Ogeogmim, 3-lobed, ap-
pressed to the achene-body. [S. hemitaphra Steud. S. Tor a Wa alp. S.
de poda C. Wright. eo pinelands and sandy swamps, Coa d Plain and
adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Conn.; also Great Lake Lowland, Ind.—
(W.I
5. S. Curtissii Britton. Plant weak, often reclining, 1.5-4.5 dm. long, the
dis relatively slender, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide,
ooth: clusters of spikelets scant, the axillary ones, when present, slender-
stalled scales 83-5 mm. long, pu ubese ent on the I achene about 2 mm. long,
e body globose or lightly depressed, Pu late, glabrous, the hypogynium
Rede 3 pairs of tubereles.—Pinelands, near 3 acksonville, Fla.
6. S. Elliottii Chapm. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, the stems stoutish, regs d pangs)
pubescent: leaf-blades broad, mostly 4-6 mm. wide, usually flat: of
Pos large, a and commonly 1 or 2 stout-stalked ix ous Dus
cales m. long, usually pale, finely pubes ll over hen t
2 m. long, Es body subglobose or slightly elongate, wrinkled o o
papillose, some of the basal papillae elongate and deflexed, the hypogyniu
with 3 strongly 2-lobed tubere A D hammocks, and e hillsides,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Va.—(W
7. S. ciliata es Plant up to 1 m. tall, the stems slender, stout, sesh
or pubescent the angles: leaf-blades narrow, 1—2.5 mm. wide, bee ing
revolute: PM of spikelets small, gen al, and sometimes also sillar
slender-stalked ones present: scales 4-6 m "ong, usually e ud pum
E abrous or pubescent on the keel: achene uos on long, the body s sub-
globose or ovoid, fin ur and usually amici ET some of the Pe Pes
elongate and deflexed, the hypogyn 3 entire or merely notched
tubercles.— Woods, pinelands sandhills, ‘ond. Se Coastal "Plain id adi.
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo. and V
8. S. Brittonii Core. Plant up to 9 dm. tall, d stems Ep relatively
slender, often reclining, glabrous: leaf-blades 2— '3 mm. wide ess, glabrous:
clusters of spikelets small, terminal, is pp Bis axillar ry and short- or
slender-stalked: scales mostly 4-5 mm. long, glabrous, often light or dark
chestnut-colored : Me ae ut 2.5 m x nee the body globose « D ovoid- oo
[fe RN Or papillose-wrinkled, the hypogynium with 3 tubercles. [S. g
(Chapm.) Britton, not Boekl.]—-Pinelands, sandhills, and hee d
Plain, "Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
S. pauciflora panies Plant 1-6 dm. tall, the stems slender, pubescent: leaf-
blade less than m. wide, or rarely more, pubescent: clusters of spikelets
few together, bd and ‘often also 1 or 2 short-stalked or long-stalked
axillary ones present: scales 2.5-5 mm. long, glabrous, or pubescent about the
keel: achene 1.5-2 mm. long, the body globose or ovoid- oo ic rario some
the h
of the lower papillae elongate and reflexed, ypogyn 3 pairs of
small tubercles. AM rA pinelands, meadows, and En various fiim
Fla. to Tex. , Ohio, and N. H.—(W. I).
10. S. deg El. Plant 1—4 dm. tall, the stems slender, sometimes filiform,
smooth: leaf-blades Bee thus fili form, smooth: spikelets in a single ter-
minal ui. seales glabrous, the larger ones 4-5 mm. _ long: achene 2-3 mm.
long, the body ovoid or globose- -ovoid, ribbed lengthwise, obtuse or minutely
pointed, with a pair of pits on each side of the pias base, the hypogynium
CYPERACEAE 191
wanting.—Low pinelands, and shallow ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and
S. O—(W. I.)
. Baldwinii (Torr.) Steud. Plants oP to 1 m. 2 the | stout,
rough, pA Qs above: leaf-blades flat, 2-5 mm. wide, metimes narrower,
oth o mewhat scabrous: spikelets in a ent terminal a un scales
glabrous ‘the d ones 8-9 m ong: e fully 4 mm. long, the body
oid or oval-ovoid, oth a udo a dies ently pointed, the base obscure,
often with 2 obscure a in the shallow transverse A ak the hypogynium
nting.—Pineland ponds and low oris Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.
costata (Britton) Small Similar to S. Baldwinii in pep zu bins
bod aes ig clusters: scales E the larger ones les
ong: e less than 3.5 mm. long, the body ape ribbed pue dcus
ds pura pesca the base prominent, “triangular ae ide with a deep
nsverse excavation without pits, t pogynium "wan ing. [S. Baldwin
Bienes Britton.]—Swamps and anm de Plain, Fla. ps Tex. and Ga.
13. S. dpud D) Sw. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, the. dd lere slender
leaf-blades 1.5—2 m. wide, with seabrous- ciliate eit ins keel: eus
of spikelets 2—4, m pud the ds D Mes -like bee the upper
with bristle-like bracts: achene 2—2.5 mm. long, rarely smaller, the body
bright-white, oval, elipsoid, or obovoid ps an nd even, fered into a
stout stipe-like base ith 3 depressions, the hypogynium wanting.—Low pine-
lands and hammocks, "Tere ae Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mex.,
W.)
4. S. Meloni Muhl. Plant up to 9 dm. tall, the stems slender, often
filiform, sometimes diffuse, usually glabrous: leaf- blades very narrowly ‘linear,
0.5-1 mm. wide, I elusters of spikelets several on the upper part of
the stem, separated: scales 1. = ro long: achene about 1.5 mm. long, the
body globose, papillos e-ridged with the ridges sometimes c :onneeted and thus
reticulate, beaked, with a broad ae like base.—Moist pin er s, sandy woods,
direi and wet dud various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Mass.
—(W. I., Mex.)
15. S. hirtella Sw. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, the stems slender, smooth or nearly
so: leaf-blades 2—4 mm. wide, pubescen t: clusters of spikelets several on the
upper part of the stem, separated, sessile, often nodding: scales mostly 2-3 mm.
ong: ach ong, the body RE smooth, sometimes
slightly pointed, non del pr a miis base.—Moist pinela nds and river-
swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
AREX [Rupp.] L. Grass-like sedges, perennial by rootstocks, the
Bisnis. monoecious or sometimes dioecious. ulm (stem) mostly eae
often strongly phyllopodic or aphyllopodic. Leaves ;
(braets) elongate or short, and subtending the spikes of flowers, or Md
Flowers solitary in the axils of scales (glumes). Spikes one to many, either
wholly pistillate, wholly staminate, androgynous or irem iie sessile or
peduneled, the base of the peduncle often with a s ind -like
organ (clado- -prophyllum ) surrounding it. Perianth non Stam ne flowers
of a ree (or rarely two) stamens, the filament poles "ist DN flowers of
ingle pistil, with a style i n or three stigmas. Style jointed with the
on, tipped or rounded achene and withering, and at length deciduous, or
continuous with achene persistent and not withering. Achene 3-angled, lenticu-
1 Contributed by Kenneth Kent Mackenzie.
192 CYPERACEAE
lar, or plano-convex, completely surrounded by the perigynium or rarely rup-
turing it in ripening. Racheola occasionally developed.—Comprises 1,000
species, widely distributed, but most abundant in temperate regions.—SEDGES.
Achene lenticular and EE two: lateral spikes sessile: terminal spike DET pis-
tillate, or if (rarely) staminate the lateral spikes short, or heads dioecio
Spikes strictly EE (4.€., with the stáminate flowers uppermost).
pikes few (ten or less): Der mum green
u -ripe.
SDE aoe : perigynium yellowish or
nis
as a abruptly contracted into the
eak.
Perigynium yellowish: opaque part of leaf-
sheath usually transversely rugulose.
rig
Spikes, some or all of them, gynaecandrous (i.e.,
staminate at base) : some often entirely pis-
tillate or some occasionally entirely staminate
or staminate at both ends.
Perigynium appres
Seren um AAT or ascending at ma-
Perigynium narrowly to broadly wing-mar-
Achene triangular and styles three, or lenticular and
ytes o: if lenticular, oe a spikes
a ly peduncled, terminal spike
staminate and lateral spikes "dun
Achene rounded at apex, x rongly Cols a at
base: lower scales bract-
Achene o DEC ot strongly eee
a S
Spike one: perigynium rounded Hg ce beak-
less, glabrous
Sp pu one or more, when one not as described
ve.
Perigynium triangular, or circular in cross-
section, ~closely- enveloping the achene,
2-ribbed, stipitate, tapering at the base,
pubescent or puberulent, at least at the
o of d beak: bracts sheathless or
early s
BO cone triangular: foliage
not pubes
E pee triangular: foliage
ten pubescent.
of
Perigynium glabrous or minutely hispidu-
. lous or pubescent: if ST some or
of the other roe differing
from those given a
Lowest Dract strongly “gree n-sheathing :
beak of perigynium, if present, rarely
pne Du but a a the apex hyaline
an
Spike Hors on ne.
Spikes two or mo
Bracts with obsolete or rudimentary
Leaf-blades flat: perigynium pu-
berulent to pubescent
Leaf-bl a filiform: perigynium
g
Bracts with well- developed blade
s.
U s o Short-oblong to 7
r
nyc triangular: terminal
Spike staminate.
X
RR tee eo
I. MUHLENBERGIANAE.
II. MULTIFLORAE.
III. PANICULATAE.
IV. STENORHYNCHAE,
V. CANESCENTES.
VI. DEWEYANAE,
VII. STELLULATAE.
VIII. OvALES.
IX. PHYLLOSTACHYAE.
X. POLYTRICHOIDEAE.
XL Mon TANAE.
er
XII. TRIQUETRAE.
XIII. PICTAE.
XIV. DIGITATAE.
XV. ALBAE.
CYPERACEAE
Rootstock long-creeping: scales
ee ed.
Rootstoc long-creeping :
scales ercenieh or reddish-
Prosa: -tinged.
Perigynium triangular, taper-
e Vip A elosely
t5
Perigynium with dum oma ny
strong nerves or Der voloss,
bcm
riate.
Bede suborbicular in
cross- oom: rounded at
the
Parle nica with few-many
strong nerves, rather
p enveloping the
Perigynium finely many-
str
Pistillate spikes elongate, linear to
cylindric, E -peduncled, the
lower droopin
ae bea iles or short-
bea ; terminal DIES gynae-
nance
Perigynium conspicuously or
strongly beaked.
Culm strongly reddish-purple-
panic at the base, aphyllo-
Cam p. strongly reddish-
purple-tinged at the base,
yllopodic.
Lowest vee SPEARE to strongly green-
sheathing: if green-sheathing, peri-
Ey iu 1 ds entate non-
hyaline apex and sti
no. A least the yee sheaths) pu-
roe perigynium-beak not biden-
Foliage not pubescent (save in. some
ged.
'Terminal RD staminate: scales
rough-awne
Perigynium strongly beaked, the
b usually strongly biden-
tate; or if not so, the achene
lent tic ular
Achene lende lar: stigmas two.
Scales not long-aristate : achene
not constricted in middle.
Scales long-aristate: achene
d constricted in the
Archene ta N stigmas three.
Style jointed with the achene;
perigynium strongly pubes-
Cit to glabrous, coriaceous.
Style aa aa with the
Pericvntuni coriaceous (im-
B nerved in our
Perigy Hm pea dn the
nerves ribs not im
presse ed.
XVII.
XVIII.
XXII.
XXIII.
XXIV.
XXV.
XXVI.
XXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX
XXXI.
XXXII.
. PANICEAE.
LAXIFLORAE.
OLIGOCARPAE.
. GRANULARES,
GRISEAE.
. GRACILLIMAE,
SYLVATICAE.
LONGIROSTRES.
VIRESCENTES,
ANOMALAE.
ATRATAE.
SHORTIANAE.
PENDULINAE.
. ACUTAE.
. CRYPTOCABPAE.
HIRTAE.
PALUDOSAE.
194 CYPERACEAE
Perigynium lanceolate or
lan ce-subulate, taper-
HE in 2 e eak,
y-nerved.
Buren teeth re-
flexed : perigynium
pm early decidu-
XXXIII. COLLINSIAE.
Peri igynium. -teeth not r
xed : Daa
ello wish-green.
Perigynium broader, ab-
ruptly contracted into
he beak, ally
strongly ribbe ea
one less than 1
ng.
Peric inmi -body
ovoid or globose,
h ot truncately
contracted.
Perigynium coarse-
ly ribbed or
an
obovoid or obconic
bo
XXXIV. FOLLICULATAE.
XXXV. VESICARIAE.
XXXVI. PSEUDO-CYPEREAE.
prominent beak. XXXVII. SQUARROSAE.
Perigynium 1 cm. long
or longer. XXXVIII. LUPULINAE.
d s NAE
I. MU
Perigynium conspicuously corky-thickened at base, usually widely radiating or re-
flexed at ma urity.
Beak S eevee smooth: scales acuminate, deciduous: spikes mostly approxi-
Body pu perigynium broadly ovate, uneaually bi-
neus deep-green, many striate at base ven-
Bod? ot perigynium lanceolate or ovate- oe
late, plano-convex, light-green, nerveles
Beak of perigynium serrulate: scales baie
tis j
TE stouter, twisted, short, deep- -brownish-
red: perigynium deep- green, contracted
n Prud conspicuously white-hyaline at
th
Leaf- a E 2.5 mm. wide: spikes
usually with 9-12 perigynia: perigynium
perigynium .5-3 mm. long, more ascen
ng.
Perigynium not or but little corky-thickened at base,
spreading or ascendin
Perigynium nerveless dor euis or 2- or 3-nerved
scale (excluding awn) much cceeded by body
of perigynium: sheaths not or but slightly
thickened at mouth ; he ad vee orbicular.
Perigynium elliptic-ov vate, narrowed at base.
pud a middle, with piros raised
argin
Perigvnium Droad ovate, broadest at the trun-
cate-cordate base, and sharp- Pw only to-
wards the base, flat on inner
1. C. retroflexa.
2. C. texensis.
3. C. rosea.
4. C. convoluta.
5. C. radiata.
6. C. cephalophora.
1. C. Leavenworth.
CYPERACEAE
Perigynium strongly many-nerved dorsally: body
of — little shorter than to exceeding peri-
gyn sheaths thickened at mouth.
Perigynium strongly nerved ventr ally, narrowly
wing-margined to base, the margin and center
se ra elevated: head oblong: achene sub-
orbic
Perigynium nerveless or nearly so ventrally,
p-edged below the middle, flat or very
ne ae SO.
Head oblong, 1.5-4 cm. long: culms tall,
AO leaf blades elongate: achene ovoid-
or
Head sere sequ 0.7-2 cm. long: culms
low, not stiff, spreading : leaf-blades short.
II. MULTIFLORAE
Beak of perigynium equalling the body: leaves usually
exceeding culm : perigynium dull-yellowish.
e
`
bi
t
Body of perigynium reniform or broadly orbicular,
strongly resinous-dotted: perigynium squarrose,
mostly exceeding awn of scale.
Body of perigynium ovate to broadly e but
little resinous-dotted : D Hor cend-
ing, mostly exceeded by awn of scale.
II oe
Represented by one species in our ran
IV. STENORHYNCHAE
Perigynium 4-6 mm. long; beak 1-2 times length
of body: leaf-sheaths not red-dotted ventrally.
Sheaths cross-rugulose ventrally, easily broken, no
thickened at mouth.
Leaf-blades 4-8 mm. wide; perigynium 4-5 m
long, the beak about the length of the Bode
Leaf-biades 8-15 mm. wide: perigynium 5-6
long, the beak longer than the body.
Sheaths n not cross- ue ddr SRI) not easily
Perigynium 6—7 mm. lon da disk-like base
2-8 times length of body: a TE
red-dotted ventrally.
CANESCENTES
Represented by one species in our range.
VI. DEWEYANAE
Represented by one species in our range
VII. STELLULATAE
Body of perigynium broadest near middle; beak not
serrulate on margins.
Body of edt haere broadest near base; beak ~ often
upper part of body e on margin
Perigynium 2.25-3. 25 long: pe ccn mene
14—14 length of bo d very shallowly biden-
e: pas — to two-thirds length of
bo erigyn
n strongly ritos leaf-blades 0.25-1 mm.
Ee. aggregated in a dense head: leaf-blades
1-2.5 m
Perigynium 2.15-4. 75 mm. long: perigynium-beak
sharply bidentate, the ventral false suture
conspicuous.
Body of an risus suborbicular or very broadly
ova ares See at maturity (before age
DEA k less than half the length o
E
et
I
D
Q
23.
196 CYPERACEAE
Seale NIS to short-cuspidate, 25 to nearly
Scale Due about half the length of the
body of perigynium, the midvein not form-
ing a sharp keel, obsolete or nearly so at
ee 2 achene orbieular, widest near
Body of perig nium ovate to lanceolate, straw-
colored AA maturity or often darker- “tinged ;
beak half the length of the body or more.
Body of perigynium noticeably es cceaiae the
d a a oe leaf-blades 3-3.5
sto
Body of. ea © ualled or exceeded by
the e sharp-pointed a: ve des 0.75-
.(9 min. wide: culm slender.
VIII. OvALES
Perigynium narrowly to broadly lanceolate, at least
22 times as long as broad, very thin and scale-
ike.
Leaf-blades at most 3 mm. wide, those of sterile
shoots few, ascending.
Leaf-blades broader, those of sterile shoots numer-
ous, spreadi
ice PO lanceolate or broader, at most twice
ng a a
Body of perigynium obovate (often broadly) broad-
est at top, very aa beaked : lea deed
green-striate ventrally nearly to th outh.
Eee irs to short-acuminate : choc "Eesuilé
ee perigynium 1.5-3 mm.
Seales obtuse or acute: spikes silvery-gree
culm stiff: perigynium witn body a
ae s very short-beaked, the beaks not
nspicuous at top of spikes
Scales acute or ort acuminate : spikes not
silvery-green: culm slender: perigynium
with body truncate-rounded at apex, twice
length of Bos the beaks conspicuous at
top of spi
Seales long-acuminate or aristate: achenes stipi-
tate: perigynia 2.5—4 mm. broad.
Body of erie ain ovate to SIBI HG. broadest at
middle or base: leaf-sheaths conspicuously
hyaline ventrally.
peu 3-4 mm. long, strongly nerved ven-
Perigynium-body ovate: leaf-blades 2.5-6
base.
Perigynium-body orbicular: leaf-blades 1.5-
2.5 1 spikes mostly long-clavate
at AER
Perigynium 4- 6 mm. long, nerveless ventrally.
erigynium plano-convex with suborbicular
body 2.5-8.5 mm. wide: scales usually
acute
Perigynium very flat with reniform body 3.5-
4.5 mm. wide: scales obtuse.
IX. PHYLLOSTACHYAE
po of perigynium oblong: pistillate flowers usually
0.
uA 2 perigynium globose: pistillate flowers usually
X. POLYTRICHOIDEAE
Represented by one species.
XI. MONTANAE
None of the culms short and hidden among the base of
the leaves.
to
al
w
©
. C. incomperta.
. C. atlantica.
. C. Ruthii.
. C. angustior.
. C. scoparia.
. C. tribuloides.
. C. Longii.
. C. straminea.
. C. alata.
. C. normalis.
. C. festucacea.
C. brevior.
. C. reniformis.
. C. Willdenovit.
. C. Jamesü.
. C. leptalea.
CYPERACEAE
Culm aphyllopodic and but little fibrillose at base:
b wanting: ligule conspicuous, longer than
Culm hyllopodic and strongly o at ‘base:
g.
nate spike
"unc conspicuously long-
Be a c" less than half the length
o
Beak of perigynium as long as, or longer
than the body.
Body of perigynium P a
spike 4-12 mm.
Plants without jon slender s
Plants with very long Sgt. stolons.
Many Nus ed oo short and hidden among the base of
staminate
Achene. ao diiy triangular: scales strongly dark-
margined: stolons E eee culm co-
piously fibrillose at the
Achene normally lenticillar c Qmm at most moder-
ately dark-margined: stolons Tong, horizontal :
culm little fibrillose at the base
XII. TRIQUETRAE
Foliage not pubescent: perigynium short-pubescent,
many-ribbed, obovoid: achene very short stipitate:
seales strongly several-ribbe
Lower foliage soft pubescent: perigynium densely vil-
lous above, many-nerved, elliptic- Pu E achene
long stipitate: scales slenderly r
XIII. PICTAE
Represented by one species.
XIV. DIGITATAE
Represented by one species in our range
XV. ALBAE
Represented by one species in our range.
x PANICEAE
EePiEsn um with very short, often pent beak or beak-
s : staminate scales strongly purplish-brown-
Culm rupee: not strongly purplish-tinged at
th a spreading by deep-seated slender white
culm aphyllopodic, strongly mu usd at the
ase, with interwoven stout rootstoc
pene nion with prominent beak mm. ns stami-
nate scales slightly yellowish- -brown-tinged.
. XVII. LAXIFLORAE
I. Staminate scales purplish. Bract-sheaths (usually)
and base of the culm (always) strongly purplish.
Bracts Mops . pistillate spikes closely flowered
gyn n sharply triangular.
- . wide: pistillate spikes 2-6-
flowered on long Sca lary peduncles
Leaf-blades 10- m. wide: pistillate spikes 4—
12-flowered on stiff. pedun neles
ir dno. pistillate spikes with perigy-
i n y separate: perigynium obtusely
tri ngula
II. Stamina a never purplish. Bract-sheaths
not Dole -tinged, the base of the culm but
ane so.
Pabna s cutely triangular,
base, hispidul ous.
Leaf- ATE very smooth (except edges), the
larger 12 mm. wide or more, those of the fer-
tile culm much smaller than those of the
steri
short-tapering at
40.
Hy
-1
C
6.
e
n
C
00
C. communis.
. C. pennsylvanica.
. C. lucorum.
C. varia.
. C. physorhyncha.
. C. nigro-marginata.
. C. floridana.
. C. validior.
. C. dasycarpa.
. C. picta.
. C. Baltzellii.
. €. eburnea.
. C. Meadii.
. C. biltmoreana.
C. Chapman.
C. plantaginea.
. C. purpurifera.
. C. platyphylla.
. C. austro-caroliniana.
198 CYPERACEAE
a hispidulous on the veins, 10 mm.
wide or less, those of the fertile culm mod-
erate ly sm mailer than those of the sterile.
Sessile ee ee eee staminate spike and
ap
Leaf-blades 1-3 dm. long: per p
mm. long, the sides 1.5 mn
vide, essentially beak 59. C. abscondita.
Tea? blades 1.5-3.5 dm. m perigy? nium
4 5 mm. long, the sides 2 mm. wide,
eak 1 mm. long. 60. C. magnifolia.
Bine spike conspicuous, peduncled : pis-
tillate E E bracts not at
all spatha
Lowest SC pcs "bistillate Spikes with a
pistillate flower: leaf-blades not glau-
cous, erect, 2. -5 mm. wide. 61. C. digitalis.
Lowest scale of pede T empty or
with a staminate flow leaf-blades
more or less EET e ng, 4-8
mm. wide. 62. C. laziculmis.
Perigynium obtusely triangular, long-tapering at
base, smooth.
Sterile shoots reduced to tufts of leaves.
Pistillate scales very rounded- truncate: beak
of perigynium short, abruptly bent: culm
Strongly narrowly wing-margined: leaves
not semi-evergreen 63. C. albursina.
Pistillate s scales acuminate to strongly cuspi-
erigynium ien ascending,
branous, 3-4.20 mm. long: leaf-blades
beneath’ and Gia conspicuously white-
ee culm narrowly wing-mar-
64. C. heterosperma.
Perigynium spreading-ascending, subcori
aceo mm. long: Mus not
white- striolate beneath,except at apex
not wing-angle 65. C. laxiflora.
Sterile shoots developing conspicuous culms:
lea not semi-evergre
Péricvuiom obovoid- ellipti? or fusiform,
rather sharply angled above and with
straight conspicuous beak.
Perigyn ium strongly nerved, 3.5-5 mm.
ong.
Pistillate spikes short-oblong, few-
flowered, the lower on long capillary
peduncles : : culm and bract-sheaths
inat
spike usually long-peduncled. 66. C. stylofiera.
p Spikes linear-oblong, 10-20-
ak as on erect peduncles: culm
mou
trorsely ids late: staminate spike
and most pen illate spikes
eos A ous 67. C. crebriflora.
Perigynium nerveless or nearly so, 3-4
mm. long: pistillate spikes linear-ob-
long, many-flowered, erect: bract-
AS Ee retrorsely serrulate
ard uth. 68. C. leptonervia.
Batis dun a Pe triangular-obovoid
with abruptly bent short beak:
spikes many-flowered.
Culm not purplish-tinged at a e
perigynium obovoid, 3-4 ng:
staminate scales usually pc K 69. C. blanda.
Culms strongly purplish-tinged at the
se: M i oadly obo
oid, 2.5-
3 mm. long: staminate scales usually .
reddish- bios: -tinged. 70. C. gracilescens.
CYPERACEAE
eee OLIGOCARPAE
Represented by one species in our are
XIX. GRANULARES
Rootstock not long-creeping : staminate ‘spike short-
peduncled :
cheat not prolonged upward at mo
Perigynium nerved, 3-3.5 mm. long, very short-
beaked, the orifice nearly entire: n Spikes
5-6 mm. wide: leaf-blades 1.5-3 m i
Perigynium ribbed, -4.5 O e
beaked, the orifice emarginate rset spikes
about 7.5 mm. wide: leaf-blades 3-6 mm
x
Perigynium elliptic, 1.5 mm. wide: leaf-blades 4 mm.
wide less: bract-sheaths rough and peduncles
ery rougn.
Perigynium oblong or peerage oe d, 2-2.5 mm. wid
lea : bract- ee pions
B
a
5B
O
w:
&
B
(D
8g
i
: larger Spikes normally
E than -flowe lower scales usually
equalling perigynia: bract-sheaths tight.
Culm strongly purplish-tinged base: peri
des 2-4
Spikes widely Sera: the ipa
n
Culm brownish- tinged at the base: perigynium
i m eaf-blades 4-6 mm. poss spreading:
Eu not nearly basa
Leaf-blades glaucous: larger paves more than
wered : lower scales shorter than perigynia :
a enlarged upward.
Tip of achene bent: pe o ca 3-5
exceeding sea
Tip of achene straight: Doisenfunr 4.5-6 m
long, two to three times exceeding the Scale
mm. long,
XXI. GRACILLIMAE
Plant glabrous: lowest bract i short-sheathing:
perigy mm. long or
Sheaths, and often foliage, M HAN at least lowest
bract strongly sheathin
Terminal spike gynaecandrous : pistillate scales not
reddish-brown: lowest bract, at least,
. : . thick, strongly nerved,
short shallowly bidentate beak: P
eral xps cl cept at bas
M aie acuminate or short- -cuspidate:
ee Sa .D-4 mm. long, less than 2
vide, little swollen: spikes linear-
cyli ndric.
Upper scales long-cuspidate: perigynium 4-5
mm. ong, more than 2 mm. wide, strongly
spikes linear-oblong or oblong-
. thick, pee nerved, beak-
ral spikes. alter-
lower braci n nn gly
eathing: leaf-blades 1.5- 2.5 m
Termi en spikes staminate : pistillate Scales ‘reddish-
brown-tinged : lowest bract not sheathing.
199
. C. oligocarpa.
. €. granularis.
. C. Crawei.
. C. microdonta.
. C. conoidea.
. C. amphibola.
. C. grisea.’
. C. glaucodea.
. C. flaccosperma.
. C. prasina.
. C. oxylepis.
. C. Davis.
. C. aestivalis.
. C. misera.
200 CYPERACEAE
XXII. SYLVATICA
Perigynium firm, strongly several-nerved ; scales a
h reddish- brown; upper sheaths 'puberulent at
Perigyni ium glabrous, strongly ribbed, subcoriaceous,
the beak thickish, flattened.
Perigynium pubescent, strongly puris submem-
ra
Perigynium membranous, light Heels p^ ales hya-
DE. with green mid-rib or somewhat reddish-
wn-tinged: upper sheaths not pubescent at
Seales cuspidate or awned, the midvein extendin ng
o the tip: perigynium hispidulous, short-stipi-
no the beak sharply but unequally bidentate:
sterile shoots aphyllopodic
Scales obtuse, E at apex, the midvein not ex
E m PE to tip: perigynium normally glabrous,
i ví apex more or less cleft: ques
HS hyaline margine, rounded on
Perigyni mm. long, green, the be uk less
subulate, desi bidentate, oe or not at all
obliqu ely cleft, hyaline betw the teeth:
Scales tawny-tinged, sharply kee Je
XXI LONGIROSTRES
Represented by one species in our range.
, V. VIRESCENTES
Perigynium densely pubescent: lower spikes distant,
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Leaves exceeding culm: lowest bract setaceous, 0.5
mm. wide: pistillate spikes oblong-cylindric: peri-
gynium obovoid.
rum exceeding leaves : lowest bract leaflet-like, 0.5-
wide: pistillate spikes linear-cylindric :
s devenit ium ellipsoid.
Perigynium glabrous at least at maturity: spikes con-
tiguous, sessile or nearly so: ligule shorter than
wide or at least not longer
Perigynium much flattened, rou nded at apex, lightly
nerved: tip of achene straight or little henr,
Leaf-blades glabrous, stiff: perigynium granu
sh ort-pointed at apex, coarsely nerved or rib-
bed: tip of achene very abruptly bent.
Perigynium 2 mm. lon rownish-green : scales
pilose, not rough- AET leaf-blades
sm pa
Perigynium 2.5-3.5 long, green: scales
rough- aa Eee pilose above: leaf-
blades
XXV. ANOMALAE
Represented by one species.
XXVI. ATRATAE
Terminal spike staminate: lateral spikes slender-
stalked, the lower droo oping: pistillate scales obtuse
or acute, shorter than perigynia.
Terminal spike gynaecandrous: lateral spikes short-
ssa or sessile, erect: pi s ae strongly
wned, normally exceeding perigyn
XXVII. SHORTIANAE
Represented by one species.
00
On
88.
e
t
99.
100.
. C. oblita.
. C. venusta.
. C. allegheniensis.
. C. Barrattii.
C. debilis.
. C. flezuosa.
. C. cherokeensis.
. C. Swanii.
. C. virescens.
. C. complanata.
. C. hirsutella.
. C. caroliniana.
. C. Bushit.
. C. scabrata.
C. Buzbaumi.
C. Shortiana.
CYPERACEAE
II. PENDULINAE
squarrose, often but
Perigynium strongly ribbed,
EE glaucous: staminate sary tapering into the
: basal sheaths not filamentos
Be ee nerved, ARA AA pere 'glaucous :
nate scales abruptly awned.
Pistillate
stami-
erect: seales pul -brown-
Pistillate Spikes nodding:
tinged : perigynium obscurely nerved.
XXIX. ACUTAE
Culm stout at base, smooth above: beak of perigynium
poe twisted when dry: stolons very short, as-
ing.
Cuim more slender, very rough above: beak of perigy-
nium et short or absent, not twisted : stolons,
when ent, elongate, horiz ontal.
In large ‘beds: leat-blades bluish- -green or glaucous-
, flat at base: scales dark-purplish-brown.
In AET CDS: Test blades COCA green, channeled
ase: scales ‘reddish- bro
XXX. CRYPTOCARPAE
Perigynium smooth or slightly granular: acbenes nor-
mally constricted in the middle.
Sheaths rough hispid eet le
scales tapering 2 i
lower pistillate
h y: “lower Dionpete scales
abruptly Con duced m the
Perigynium strongly papillate: Het normally not
constricted in the middle: lower sheaths slightly his-
pidul DIS dorsally: lower pistillate scales abruptly
awned.
Pes HIRTAE
Perigynium glabrous to sparsely pubescent.
Pistillate spikes oblong to globose, their scales
S EL 5-7 ee perigynium 8-11 mm. Iong,
oarse
Pistillate spikes narrowly oblong, their scales 3-
ved; perigynium 4-6 mm. long, impressed
Bee altar densely pubescent.
XXII. PALUDOSAE
Represented by one species in our range
XXXIII. COLLINSIAE
Represented by one species.
l ae orn
Perigynium narrowly lanceolate, 2.5 mm. wide at
pistillate scales acute to short- Bed. puteus halt
ength of perigynium: pistillate spikes staminate at
apex: bract-sheaths enlarged a ard.
Perigynium lanceolate, 3 mm. ut base: pistillate
scales awned, averaging three- n. jencth of peri-
thea pistillate spikes not pes imd staminate at
apex: bract-sheaths enlarged up
XXXV ESICARIAE
Pistillate scales (except rarely a not rough
abruptly beaked, ne inflated: pis-
tillate p oe or eylin dric, 20-40-flowered.
Perigyni radually beak ed, much less
S ONSIS z inflated : pistillate Spikes globose to short
oblong, 10-20-flowered.
Pistillate scales rough-awned.
p died .cylindrie to nearly globose, 14-18
thick: perigynium Lue into beak.
Pistillate spikes narrowly cylindric, 8-12 mm. thick:
perigynium abruptly congacted. into beak.
105.
118.
119.
. C. Joorii.
C. verrucosa.
. C. glaucescens.
. C. torta.
C. strictior.
. C. stricta.
. C. gynandra.
. C. crinita.
. C. Mitchelliana.
C. turgescens.
. C. Walteriana.
. €. lanuginosa.
. €. hyalinolepis.
: C. Collins.
. C. Smalliana.
. C. folliculata.
. C. bullata.
C. Elliott.
C. lurida.
. C. Baileyi.
202 CYPERACEAE
XVI. PSEUDO-CYPEREAE
Perigynium obtusely triangular, eniin e ee
stoloniferous : ligule much lence aan e. . 121. C. comosa.
Perigynium suborbicular in. cross-section, iors or less
inflated : oe long stoloniferous: ligule wider
than lon 199. C. Schweinitzii
XXXVII. SQUARROSAE
Scales exceeding perigynia: terminal spike small, nor-
mally staminate. 123. C. Frankii.
Seales much shorter than perigynia: terminal spike
gynaecandrous.
Achene linear-oval with flattish sides: style strongly
sinuous or abruptly bent below: spikes oval, the
perigynia with D. T AURE beaks : pistillate
scales acuminate or 124. C. squarrosa.
Achene obovoid with a sides: style straight
below: spikes oblong-cylindric, the perigynia
mostly with beaks appressed-ascending: pistil-
late scales obtus ish. 125. C. typhina.
XXXVIII. LUPULINA
Pistillate spikes globose or subglobose: style bci
st
sto :
Perigynium rounded at base, membran aceous, shin-
: - 2.5-
mm. wide, their d short-prolonged upward
at m. ‘beyond base of blade: pistillate spikes
1-15-flowered. 126. C. intumescens.
Perigynium cunesta at base, firm, dull, often his-
Du lJeaf-blades 4.5-14 (averaging rte
mm. wide, their sheaths not prolonged upward at
mouth beyond base of blade: pistillate spikes
6-30-flowered. 127. C. Asa-Grayi.
Pistillate spikes oblong or cylindric: RAM abruptly
bent: stolons long, slender, horizonta
Perigynium ascending, the beak less Tet twice the
length of the body.
€ulms arising singly from elongate rootstocks:
` leaf-blades 2-5 2n wide: pistillate scales
acute or acumin 128. C. louisianica.
Culms eespitose : ha blade s 4-12 mm. wide: pis- .
tillate scales acuminate or aristate. 129. C. lupulina.
Berega spreading at right a the DEN .
two to three times the length of the body 130. C. gigantea.
I. MUHLENBERGIANAE Tuckerm. Densely cespitose or a few species with
the rootstock e d tough, and dark-colored. Culm not flattened. Opaque
part of sheaths neither transversely rugulose nor red-dotted. Spikes usually
10 or less, caben e or pistillate, but not Spyies oro) rarely at all com-
pound. Braets from little to strongly
veloped. Perigynium plano-convex, green or
chestnut-tinged or light-brownish in age,
from appressed to reflexed, often strongly
gy at base, SS Or ringl
spon e, rve
nerved, narrowly sharp-margined, conspicu-
ously be the beak sharply bidentate
aked,
ehene lenticular. Style-base more or less
thickened. Stigmas
1. C. retroflexa Muhl. Culm slender, stiffish,
2-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades 1-2.5 mm. wide:
-flo
u
gated, the lower 1-3 separated: perigynium
3 mm. lon i
CYPERACEAE 203
the body.— Woods z thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ill., Mich., and
Vt.—Spr.—early su
C. texensis | bo Culm very slender, 1.5-4.5 dm. tall: leaf-
AT about 1 m spikes 4—7, 4—8-flowered, the upper aggregated, the
lower separated: pa Mens um 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, green at maturity, the
beak about half as long as the body.—Woods and thickets, inner part of Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, N. C. and Ga. to Tex., Mo., an nd S Ill. —BSpr.
3. C. rosea Schk. Culm 2—5 dm. tall, slender: leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wi ^d light-
ars spikes 4 —8, 4—12-flo Menu the upper Qu the low
ted: perigynium light-gre 3-3 3.5 m ong, 1.5 mm. wide, nerve vele ess, Or
obscurely nerved, the beak " dn of Ho E Woods pas 1 thickets, various
provinees, Ga. to La., N. D., Que., and N. S.—Spr.-early s
4. C. convoluta Mackenzie. Culm 3-6 dm. tall, ae leaf-blades deep-green,
the sheaths somewhat septate- dou e spikes 4—7, 6—20-flowered, the upper
i id ed, the lower strongly separate: perigynium 1.75 mm. wide, nerveless
obse seurely nerved, the beak l4 length of the body.—Woods and x nds
various provinees, Ala. to Kans., Man. oue and N. S.—Spr.-early su
5. C. radiata (Wahl) Dewey. Culm very slender, weak, 2.5-5 dm. tall: leaf
blades light-green, the sheaths not septate- -nodulose: spikes usually 4, the two
upper kien Ex Eje s the two lower strongly separate: perigynium ‘at first erect
at m or less strongly spreading, 1.5 mm. wide, nerveless or ob-
idees ae d, "the beak half length of the body.—Woods and c no
d and more northern provinces, N. C. and Tenn. to Mich., Que., and Me.
Sum
6. C. cephalophora Muhl. Culm peat 2-6 dm. tall, rough above: leaf-
blades 2-4 mm. wide: head 8-15 m slong, subglobose, the PA densely
Mena ae ed: perigynium 2.5 mm. long, ] 1.5 wide, narrowed into a bidentate
beak much p ied than the body.—Dry open “woodlands, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex n., Que., and Me.—Spr.-early sum
C. Leavenworthii Dewey. Culm an oe erect or spreading, b m
PN 1.5-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades 1-3 m ee 2 pls short-oblong, 8—15
long, the spikes densely i e "cum m. long, 1.25—1.7 Pun mm.
wide, nerveless or nearly so, the bidentate beak L a of the body. a
open woodlands and en RSEN provinees, Ga. to Tex., Ont., and N. J. (in
trodueed.)—Spr.-early s
C. Muhlenbergii Schk. Culm slender but stiff and erect, rough above, 5-9
aim, tall: leaf-blades 2-5 mm. wide, somewhat involute: hea d oblon ng, 2—4 mm.
long, the spikes 4-10, distinct but. nm E acd braets Rd form, uod
ous: seales e cuspidate o or short-awned: perigyni
m 3.5 2m
pud ribbed on both sides, iiec beak irc deeply MEER e^ in
andy fields and dry rocky slopes in non- Midi regions, various provinces,
Fla. "to Tex., Minn., and R. I.—Spr.-early su
9. C. p d ie. Culm stiff, n rough above, — dm. tall: leaf-
blades wide, little invotuie. head oblon ng, 1.5—4 em. long, d Spikes
4—10 istinc but 3 ae aggregat s braets o d not conspicuous: scales
cuspidat wned: perigynium 3 mm, long, 2.25 mm. wide, the beak
rather short, de Tee. er. Mublenber gti enervis Boott. ]—Dry fields
204 CYPERACEAE
and open woods in calcareous on various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Nebr.,
Mich., and Maine.—Spr.-early su
10. C. mesochorea Mackenzie. Culm slender, spreading or reclining, 1.5-10
dm. tall: leaf-blades 2.5—4 mm. mi usually about half length of culms:
head ovoid, 10-17 mm. long, 10 m oer. the T bain nsely aggregated:
often on roadsides, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Tenn. to D. C.; becoming
cL "imtroduczd northward.—Spr.-early su
II. MurTIFLORAE Kunth. Densely cespitose. Culm sharply triangular.
Opaque part of sheaths usually transversely rugulose, red-dotted. Spikes
numerous, small, androgynous or pistillate, but not pnm the lower
more or less compound. Bracts frequently conspicuous. Perigynium plano-
convex, not very thiek, yellowish-brown, ap- UZ
r som
short-stipitate, sharp-margined, more or less
nerved, conspicuously rough-beaked, the beak
bidentate. Achene lenticular. Stigmas 2.
Style-base more or less enlarge
11. C. vulpinoidea Michx. Culm 3-10 dm.
te
uous: seales strongly awned: perigynium 2-3 mm. long, narrowly to broadly
ovate, ascending or spreading at ee tesa sealer and wet meadows, various
a Fla. to Tex., Ore., Vance., and N. B.—Sum
12. C. triangularis Boeckl. Culm 3-8 dm. tall, stiff, vir rara e Md
ad
blades 2-6 mm. wide: sheaths transversely rugulose: head 3- . long w
very many s all s spikes, a or less compound a o bracts i setacoous,
ju conspicuous: seales awned: per ium 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide.—
igyni
W prairies and m E Coastal Plain and adj provinces, Miss. “to Tex.,
Okla., and Ark.—Spr.—early
13. C. annectens Bicknell. Culm 3-10 dm. tall, stiff, rough above: leaf-blades
Pg
2-5 mm. wide: ks dbi diy Sata 8 trongly prolo nged upw dd at
mouth: head 2 m. long, m r les mpound at base and with very many
small spikes: peo short, setaceous, ps egre seales strongly
perigynium 2.6-3.2 mm. long, di 7—2.25 mm, wide, veless or nearly
awne
SO ventrally, [C. mo a (Barratt) Fernald. 1—Fields, mostly east of
the mountains in non-caleareous districts: frequently introduced, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Ark., Ia., and Me—Sum
III. PANICULATAE Kunth. Densely or loosely cespitose. Culm not flat-
tened. Opaque part of sheaths strongly red-dotted. Spikes numerous, small,
i or
compound. Bracts usually inconspicuous. Perigynium thick, -strongly convex
CYPERACEAE 205
n the dorsal, and often somewhat convex on the ventral face, brownish o
POR in age, ascending or spreading, iii spongy at base, ERN
narrowly margined, more or less nerved, co
spieuously rough beaked, the beak bidentate.
Achene lenticular. Style-base more or less
thiekened. Stigmas 2
C. decomposita Muhl. Culm 5-10 dm
wW
head 4-15 cm. long, decompound wit ery
net small S ikes: bracts Bisel
e, acute, nearly the length
of “the oe pn gynium short- obovoid,
2—2.0 mm. long, tapering at base, very
b |
sally, faintly nerved ventrally.—Swamps, :
various provinces, Fla. to La., Mo. Mich. and W N. Y.—Late spr.-sum.
IV. STENORHYNCHAE Holm. Densely Md or with a more or less
elongated rootstock. Culm triangular or somewhat flattened. Opaque part
of sheaths usually transversely rugulose or red-dotted. Spikes few to many,
androgynous to oe te, but not gynaecandrous, the lower from simple to
compound. Braets little developed. Peri-
gyniu D neienite yellowish or yellowish-
brown, appressed-ascending to spreading, not
thick-walled, but strongly spongy at base,
nearly obsolete on the lower half, conspicu-
ously beaked, the beak bidentate. Achene
lenticular. Style-base more or less thick-
ened. Stigmas 2
15. C. stipata Muhl. Culm 2-12 dm. tall,
stout base, sharply 3-angled, slightly
winged and strongly serrulate above, rather
weak: leaf-blades 4—8 mm. wi E —
m. long, somewhat compound, spikes ee 2 yellowish-brown:
braets ineonspieuous: scales o umm o: lanceolate, minate, much shorter E
the perigynia: perigynium 4—5 mm . long, 1 b strongly nerved.—Sw
and wet meadows, Seay B various provinees, Tenn. o Mo., "N. M., Calif,
S Alas., and New f— —Spr.-
16. C. uberior (C. Mohr) Mackenzie. Culm 4-9 dm. tall, very thick, but
weak, sharply triangular, very rough above, much flattened in drying: leaf-
blades 8-15 mm. wide: head 4-10 cm. long, compound, the spikes numerous,
! t u
awned, much shorter than perigynia: perigynium 5-6 mm. long, lanceolate,
strongly nerved. [Carex stipata uberior Œ. Moh Tor BUSES neutral
soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and S N. J.—Spr.-early su
17. C. eee (Kükenth.) Mackenzie. Culm 4-8 dm. tall, ee thick-
ened at base, sharply 3-angled, slightly winged and strongly serr rulat above,
rather weak: leaf-blades 3-6 mm. wide: head 2. 9-6 em. long, the spikes numer-
aeuminate, much shorter than the perigynia: perigyn ium 4—5.5 . long,
EE strongly nerved.—Wooded s a neutral soils, various iota.
Fla. to S Mo., IlL, and Mass.—Spr.-s
18. C. crus-corvi Shuttleworth. Culm 5-12 dm. tall, stout, very rough above:
leaf. blades 5-12 mm. wide, the ries conspieuously red- dotted: head com-
und, branching, A dm. long, 2.5-7.5 em. wide, the spikes ve E, piu
hia much xeeeding scales, elongate- lanceolate, 2.79 6-7
mm. long, the d hard and disk Jike ——Swamps, neutral soils, "Gut aa
Plain e more northern provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Minn., and Ind.—Late
spr.—su
. CANESCENTES Fries. Mi aa but in some ios with slender
stolons. Culm triangular. Sheaths not cross-rugulose. Spikes 1-10, wi
few to many perigynia, the anne one gynaecan orm the lateral pistillate
or gynaecandrous, simple. Bracts inconspicuous. Perigynia plano-convex,
white-puncticulate, lanceolate, ovate, oval, or
obovoid, appressed to spreading, beakless to
prominently beaked, more or less nerved on
both sides, no ined, but
o winged or marg
acute-edged above, nearly or entirely filled by
lenticular achene. Style-base not enlarged.
Stigmas 2
C. brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. Culm 2-5
dm. tall, slender, stiff: leaf-blades 1-2.5
mm. wide, dark-green, not glaucous: pda
S
ered: scales ovate, sho rter the m eri-
gynia: perigynt ium MÀ spreading. E : d
mature, 2-3 mm. long, the f
iiic bidentate rghit ak 4 a of body.—Wet soil ae E in
acid soils, wi Ridge, N. C. and Tenn., various provinces, N N. J. to Mi ich.,
206 CYPERACEAE
ous, small, yellowish-green: bracts inconspicuous: scales ovate or S
"EP à Newf. ma —Very widely distributed and Tou t N. In
our region 2 in the higher mountai
VI. DEWEYANAE Tuckerm. Densely cespitose. Culm triangular. Sh
not red-dotted or cross-rugulose. Spikes 3-8, gynaecandrous, pistillate, or
rarely staminate, simple. Lower one or two bracts often conspicuous. -
gynium plano-convex, with a narrowly ovate or linear-oblong body, light- or
yellowish-green, 3.5-5.5 mm. long, appressed,
strongly spongy at base, only the upper- ‘halt
sharp-edged, round-tapering at base, nerved
on the outer face, nerved or nerveless on the
inner face, the beak bidentate to deeply
bidentate. Achene lenticular. Stigmas 2
C. bromoides Schk. Culm 3-6 dm. tall,
slender, Py rough above: leaf-blades 2 mm.
wers basal or inal
both: perigynium narrowly lanceolate, ex-
ceeding the oblong-lanceolate scale, 4-5.5
CYPERACEAE 207
. long, 1l mm. wide, little margined, little nerved, the rough beak at least
half the on of the body.—Swampy Mic au acid o or neutral soils, various
provinces, Fla. to La., Mich., and N. S.—Late spr.-
VII. STELLULATAE Kunth. Densely cespitose. Culm triangular. Sheaths
ikes
not red-dotted or cross-rugulose. Spikes 2— or by reduction one, gynae-
candrous or pistillate, or in a few species saints, not compound. Bracts
inconspicuous. Perigynium plano-convex, with orbicular, ovate, or broadly
oval bodies, green, yellowish-brown or brown
spreading or reflexed at maturity, 2.5-4.5
m. long, strongly spongy at base, sharp-
edged nearly, if not entirely, to the rounded
or truncate base, not dep nerved
n the outer surface, nerved o eless on
the inner, the beak as or big
eut. T lenticular. Stigmas 2
21. C. seorsa E. C. Howe. Culm 3-7 dm. tall,
0 6 us bs ith 5-20 i pd wide ly
spreading ponis seales orbieular-ovate, narrower and shorter than peri-
gynia bodies: perigynium 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, deep-green, strongly
nerved on both faces. [C. rosaeoides E. C. Howe.]— —Acid ji) woodlands,
various provinees, Ga. to Ark., Ind., and Mass.—Spr.-early su
22. C. Howei Mackenzie. Very densely cespitose in large pecu culm 2-7
dm. tall, usually very weak: leaf-blades 0.25-1 mm. wide, more or less in-
e terminal long-clavate at base, the lateral 4-6 mm. long and as wide, the
5—10 perigynia a at length widely spreadin pc hte broadly ovate, whitish or
long, 1.25 mm. wide.
poss ue h green midvein: perigynium ov mm.
[Carex eni (Fl. SE. U. S.) Not Ba Hoy T eid swampy sn 2 4
coniferous), various provinces, Fla. to La., Vt., and N. S.—Spr.-
23. C. Mohriana Mackenzie. Densely cespitose in large ‘clumps: culm 2~7 dm
tall, very slender, usually weak: leaf-blades 1-2.5 mm. wide, ca naliculate,
usually exceeding the culm: hea E .9 em. long, the eem 2-5, oa terminal
inconspicuously staminate at bas ihe lateral suborbicular, 4-6 mm. long, the
4—10 perigynia at length w widely spr ading: scales broadly ovate, white -hyaline
except the green center: perigyni ovate, concave-convex, 2.25-2 . long,
1.75 mm. wide.—Pinelands, acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala caro
24. C. incomperta Bickn. Culm 2.5-6 dm. tall, wiry: leaf-blades flat or
eanalieulate, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: spikes 3—4, aggregated or lower slightly sepa-
rate, the terminal 6—10 mm. long, clavate . base, the lateral 4—6 mm. long,
suborbicular, with 6—15 spreading perigyn "i scales Pá ellowish-brown tinged,
except the green midrib: perigynium 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, Strongly nerved
on both sides, the body serrulate above. eid in d a n various provinces,
N Fla. to Miss., Mi ch., and N. S.—Spr.-early s
25. C. atlantica Bailey. Culm dm. ipe stiff, pidum Es base: leaf-
blades flat or eanalieulate, 1.5-4 mm. wide: spikes 3- 5, r less separate
or rarely aggregated, the. ium "8-15 n long. Eu davate at base,
208 CYPERACEAE
the lateral 8-15 mm. long, 6-7 mm. wide, suborbieular, with 8-20 at length
widely spreading perigynia: scales light-brownish-tinged except the green
Nerd perigynium 3 ae long, 2.25 mm. wide, strongly nerved on both sides,
the body serrulate above.—Acid swampy woods near the ~ Coastal Plain
and New England Coast, Fla. to Tex. and N. S.—Spr.-early su
26. C. Ruthii Mackenzie. Culm 3-7 dm. tall, 3 mm. thick at base: leaf-blades
flat or canaliculate, averaging 3—3.5 mm. wide: epi pp Ua 6, D lower widely
separate, the lateral subglobose, 3-6 mm. em ng, the terminal
similar, but longer Duns elavate at base: scales hight reddish- irbrown-tinged , an
cept the broad hyali argins: perigynium 3.25—3.75 mm. long,
1.5 m
nerved Eri: lly, yen ed ventrally, serrulate above.—Wooded a. "Blue
ge, Ga. to N C.—Sum
C. angustior Mackenzie. Culm 1.5-6 dm. tall, slender but strict: leaf-
r canaliculate: spikes > 5, appro oximaté or little (oa the
milar
blade
lateral suborbicular, 4-6 mm. long, 5- 15 flowered, the terminal simi but
longer a Vie at the base: scales oo green with HEP defined
midvein and ill-defined margins: perigynium 2.5-3.5 mm. long, mm. wide,
impre essed-nerved ae ally, A body not pea —Open swampy po va-
rious provinces, mts. of N. C. to Calif., Wash., Mich., and Newf.—Sum
VIII. OvatEes Kunth. Densely cespitose or (rarely) with short-prolonged
rootstocks. Culm triangular. Opaque part of sheaths not. red-dotted or eross-
rugulose, but sometimes green-striate. Spikes 2 or 3, up t 20, each
several to many perigynia, the terminal cd 0d the ty pistillate
Or Jap. simple, the inflorescence varying from capitate to monili-
fr i i igyni
ually serrulate on the margins. yle-
n scarcely thickened. Achene lenticular.
tigmas 2.
28. C. scoparia Schk. Com 1. s am, tall,
—10,
m wi
separate: bracts Sea ae scales thin, acute or acuminate, shorter mon
per igynia: perigynium 4-6.5 mm. long, 1.2-2 mm. wide, appressed, E
into the serrulate bidentate beak.—Moist soil, various provinces, S. C. to Mo.,
Colo., Ore., B. C., and Newf.—Sum.
29. C. tribuloides Wahl. Culm 3-10 dm. ey. rather stout, or sometimes slen-
der, roughish above: leaf Des 2.5-12 mm. wide, the sheaths loose: spikes
6—20, aggregated or slightly d obovoid or ' turbinate varying to sub-
orbieular, blunt, 6-12 mm. long, 5-8 wide: perigynium thin, little dis-
ended over achene, ascen ding or erect, t, 3-5 mm. long, 1-1.5 m m. wide, LÍ
exceeding the acute lanceolate scale —Wet t meadows, various Sp ee Fla. t
, Minn., and N. B.—Sum
CYPERACEAE 209
30. C. Longii Mackenzie. Culm 3-8 dm. tall, bur A. 2 ee es above:
leaf-blades e mm. wide: spikes 3—10, aggregated o what separate,
6—12 mm. long, 46m m. Men silvery. is or in p cr DAE eli the
lateral ages or little clav at base: bracts cp ar perigynium
appresse 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, Dd on both faces, firm, the serru-
late beak one-third length of body or less: seale nearly e equalling ponte
en acid soil, Coastal Plain and adj. eaves Fla. to Tex. and Mas
—(W. I., Mer., C. A., S. 4.) —Late spr.-sum
31. C. dig pues Rey Culm 2.5-9 dm. tall, very disse Hip ins above
leaf- P a wide: oa 3-10, ager egated or r less PEAK
ovoid, ,.4.5-6 m wide, rounded at bon eai or rounded
at D E. ps pid s inconspicuous; hale en Su iade dr 3.5
half the length of the body, the scale pe aline, greenish-tinged and narrower
and shorter than the perigynium. . albolutescens iU iss Edi:
woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ind., and N. S.—Late spr.—
C. alata Torr. Culm 3-12 dm. tall, rather stout, slightly Qn above:
leaf- osa 2—4 mm. wide: spikes 5-8, more or less aggregated, 8-16 mm. long,
6—10 e ba
c
Or erm point ted at apex, whitish-green or in age brownish-green: brae d ex-
cept the lowest, inconspicuous: perigynium nisi oan R ee: g, 4—5' mm. long,
nerved dorsally, faintly nerved ventrally, abruptly contracted into a viui
serrulate beak 14 the len pros of. bo dy, the jd ndi what shorter and
much narrower than the perigynium.—Moist meadow ar the coastal salt
marshes or in calcareous districts inland, Coastal Plain icd adj. provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Ind., and N. H.—Spr.-early
33. C. normalis Mackenzie. Culm 3-15 dni. tall, roughened above: spikes
4-10, from e A more or less moniliform, greenish or brownish, Æ
lon is DE lowest inconspicuous: perigyni
Sicque i thie eki sh, 1. pa wide, few-nerved ventrally, ie the serrulate
beak less.than half the ju of the P longer than the scale. [C. mi
iini rr ]—Dry M orar in neutral or calcareous BUE various pro-
, N. C. to Okla., Man., and Que.—Late spr.-sum.
rie D Mia cid Schk. Culm slender, 5-10 dm. tall, eae above: spikes
oniliform, 6-16 mm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, ens ed a e : bra < p
en jen incons icuous: perigynium 3.5 mm. long, e, gre
in age straw- colored, appressed-ascending, the body thick, TO UE "eb
on both sides, the hos k a. A long, strongly serrulate, exceeding the ovate,
acute scale: achen E ovoid, 1.5 mm. long, nearly 1 mm. NEAL oil,
various provinces, N. C. MN La., Ind., and Mass.—Spr en sum
35. C. brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie. Culm rather stout, 3-9 dm. tall, slightly
roughish above: leaf-blades Map e: spikes 3-10, approx imate or
or less separate, 7-14 mm. lon —9 wide, oblong or ede ra iode
or clavate at the base: hace inconspicuous: perigynium at spreading
or ascending, 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, with the serrulate beak a the “length of body,
longer and wider than the scale: a ne suborbicular, 2.5 . long. [C. festu-
cacea (Fl. SE. U. S.)]—Dry fields and open places in Nri or neutral
soils, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., N. M., B. C., and N. B.; rare S.—S
36. C. reniformis (Bailey) Small. Culm 3-9 dm. tall, roughened La leaf-
a — 5 mm. wide: spikes 3-6, eres or i separate, 6-10 mm. lon ng, 5-8
suborbicular, eee da e base and apex, gr eee ‘bra cts in-
R a: perigynium Du iun. very abruptly beaked, with
210 CYPERACEAE
the serrulate beak 1.5-2 mm. long, about the length of du seale.—Moist soil,
Coastal Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, S. C. to Tex. and Ark.—Spr.
IX. PHYLLOSTACHYAE Tuckerm. Culm densely an weak, com-
pressed, dilated below the spikes, mostly much exceeded by the leaves. Spikes
2-4, androgynous, the rachis zigzag, dilated; one spike terminal, the others
basal on often much elongate peduncles; staminate portion with small tight
scales united at base; pistillate portion loosely Sane iir. Pe the seales
elongate and conspicuous. Perigynium gla-
brous, 2-keeled, but otherwise nerveless, nearly
a
stipitate, the sides convex, the apex rounde
Stigmas 3, short. Style jointed at the base
with achene, soon withering.
ene =
T 4
A C. Willdenovii Schk. Culm very short up
2.5 dm. un pd serrulate: leaf-blades
wid :
sy
*
e LEN
mn ONES, nee,
ita St au OP
NOLENS CUPIT
ADI) Sj a
Mm
—
Sie ; e, g
spikes 1—5 Eg a er a the lowest E
appearing -i basal Ls ri es with a 48
. long, les mm. thick, zi
narrowed into a dona puse serrulate ‘be ak of about same le ength: scales
acuminate or awned, the lowest common nly bract-like and foliaeeous.—Dry woods
and prese in acid soils, v various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mich., and Mas
Spr.-ea
38. C. = amesii Schw. Similar to the next preceding species in habit, but the
culm very rough above, S leaf-blades rather narrower, soft, much surpassing
the spikes: terminal stam nate portion of spikes very slender: body of peri-
in diame a
ract eak of more than it
scales braet- pu oid us, the er sometimes not exceeding the perigynia.—
Rieh woods, in eale us districts, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn.
to Okla., Ia., Mich. . Y. and N. J.—Spr.
X. S Tuckerm. Densely tufted. Culm slender. Leaf-
lades narrow. Spike solitary, linear, androgynous, bractless. Rachis straight,
not dilated. Perigynium appressed, mem-
elliptic, n nerved (not 2-ribbed), com-
ressed triangular, beakless. Achene trian-
gular. Style slender, flexuous, its base not
enlarged. Stigmas 3, short.
39. C. leptalea Wahl. Culm very slender,
smooth, 1.5-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades very nar-
j j mm. l
owest 0
acuminate to very obtuse and much shorter
than the pee an [C. poly ee
Muhl C. Harperi Fernald. ]—Aeid bogs
ae Cot
. 40. C. communis Bailey. Loosely cespitose:
CYPERACEAE 211
and swampy i ig various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Colo. N Calif., Alas.,
Lab., and Newf.—Sum
XI. MoNTANAE Fries. Culm slender, leafy at the base. Leaf-blades
narrow, rough above. Terminal spike linear, normally staminate. Lateral
ikes 1—5, small, pistillate, or sometimes androgynous, subglobose to oblong,
closely few-many- flowered, alee and sessile or short-peduncled, or in
some species basal and long- pedun led. Lowest braet squamiform or leaflet-
like, dee or sub- nk ing. Se ales a i d acute to
euspidate. Perigynium membranous, ascending, the body pubescent, at least
at the base of the beak, ec to elliptic, triangular, 2-keeled, strongly BEES
tate at the base, abruptly contracted into
dric or terete, emarginate to deeply
bidentate e" hyaline-tipped. ene nor-
mally tria ar, t des eoneave, elosely
enveloped, short-apieulate. Style gon
jointed with apex of achene, thickis
Stigmas normally 3, long
culm 1.5-5 dm. tall, selene above: leaf-
blades 2—4 mm. wide, shor than culm:
staminate spike £18" mm. poe pistillate
spikes 2—4, short-oblon ng, Meo ed, usu-
d n
id body un =
\ and 1.2 mm. thick. pale, (ue E 1 o of its eae scales acuminate to obtuse,
. nearly equalling. the perigynia.—Rocky wo dio various peewee N of Coastal
Geer ae Minn., and N. S.—Late spr.—
C. pennsylvanica Lam. St Bud I -stoloniferous: culm slender but
wide:
u i i i ith b ion, 1.5 mm
thick, tipped with a bidentate beak much er Han the body: seales acute
or cuspidate, ara or exceeding the perigynia.—Dry, often acid, soil,
rious provinces, S. C. to Tenn., N. D., and N. B.—Spr.
ucorum Willd. hd long stoloniferous: culm slender, 1-3 dm.
tall: leaf- blades 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: pistillate spikes 2-3, suborbieular or short-
oblong, 4—10-flowered, eon oou. api or short- -peduncled : perigynium with
body obtusely triangular in cross-section, 1.5 mm. thick, tipped with a slender
bidentate beak as long or longer than the body: scales acute to VR pr e
exeeeding the EIU E: ry woodlands, acid soils, Blue Ridge more
zeige Ducem N. C. to Wis. and Me. —Spr.—In our region ouis in the
mountai
48. C. varia Muhl. Cespitose: eulm slender, n 0.5-5 dm. tall, rough above,
usually exceeding leaves: leaf-blades 0.5-2. 5 mm. wide: staminate Spike 3— 14
mm. long, sessile or slightly peduncled, PR conspicuous: pistillate disi
1-4, the upper dU M the io separate, 4—12-flowered: perigyn
sparingly short-pubescent, 3-3.5 mm. long, the body ellipsoid- ovoid, 1-1.5 m
thick, the beak about helf length of bo ody, bidentate: sca s purplish- tinged,
about equalling perigynia.—Dry soils, various provinces WO : , Man
and N. S.—Spr.
212 CYPERACEAE
44. C. physorhyncha Liebm. Freely stoloniferous, the slender stolons often
8 em. long, very conspicuous: culm slender, 1.5-3.5 dm. tall, reddened and
fibrillose at base, exceeding the leaves: leaf-blades 1.75—2.75 ae wide: lowest
bract not sheathing, from much shorter es na exce eedin ng the infloresce nee:
i i 2 mm. 1
uptly contracted into a sha allowly bidentate beak half its length. . va
and S. C.—
abru
australis Bailey.]— "eed soil, Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex., Ark.,
(Men c.) —Spr ie su
45. C. pon Schw. Cespitose: culm 2— - em. tall, rough: bind
* blades wide: staminate ‘ay sessile, 5-8 mm. long, usually 2—4 m
| wide: pistillate spikes a 3, sessile, erect, conti fias or slightly separate,
4—7 mm. long, 3-5 m vide: SC nd about cla dp are of perigynia, ovate,
m conspicuously pm argined: perigyn 3—4 . long, pube rulent,
; the beak 1 mm. long, Poor m d a ie in here soils, Coastal Plain and
Dur provinees, Ala. , SE Mo., and Conn.—Spr.
“C. idana Schw. p stoloniferous: culm from very short to 2 dm.
l tall, roughened: leaf-blades 1-2 mm. wide: staminate spike inconspicuous,
: sessile, 3-5 mm. lon ex A mm. wide: pistillate spikes 2, closely contiguous,
i sessile, 4-8 mm. long, 2.5-4 mm. ibn scales shorter than the perigynia, little
‘or not at all darkmargined: perigynium 3.25 mm. long, puberulent, the bea
0.75 mm. long, nearly e —-Dry Nod. Coastal Plain and er adj.
provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Ga a.—Spr.
TRIQUETRAE Carey. Cespitose, leafy Bc the base. Leaf-blades
row, the sheaths not purplish-tinged. Terminal spike n staminate.
Lateral s ean 2—4, approximate or UNE A or une radical, 5-30-flowered
n few ranks, the peduncles included or exserted. Bracts vU t purp-
lish. -tinged, p lowest with a well- ud blade. Pi stillate ete, 2i
or hyaline, or reddish-brown-tinged. Perigynium membranaceous, ascending,
obovoid, short-pubescent or hime rulent, triangular, tapering and E x
base, abruptly contracted i the minute
eak, the orifiee obliqu n po^ minutely fi
ntate. l
c
nel
Qu
[e
e
b>
o
jamy
Cgo]
[eo]
uri
ge
=
iz
E
y ll
veloped. Style very short, t thiekis 7 nae Wy Mf
with the apex of the "de withering. |i WZ
Stigmas 3, early deciduou f
culm 2 5-3.5 dm. tall, Kn roughened above:
leaf-blades 1.5—2.5 wide, canaliculate,
often stiffly spreading, hispidulo ous at base:
staminate spike 1-3 ong: p
spikes 1-3, mtt suborbieular
zi oblong, 5-18 mm. long, closely 3-20
flowered: scales half length of the
2 t
He. perigynia, ovate, acu Oo S a
euspidate: perigynium 4.5 mm. long, sharply triangular, the beak 0.5 mm. long,
emarginate. [C. Chapmanit pee Not Steud.]—Dry ridges, in acid soils,
Coastal Plain and ps d Fla. to Miss. and S. Uc aH. sum.
stock short creeping: culm 1.5-4 dm
slender, nat o eaf. blades 2-4.5 mm. wide, flat or nearly 80, ihe
Neng
CYPERACEAE 213
lower at least pubescent: staminate spike 1-2 cm. long: pistillate spikes 1—4,
approximate or but little viui oblong, 6-20 mm. long, E = d flowered:
scales less than half en of 3 mature perigynia, ova to short-
cuspidate: perigynium 4.5-6 long, sharply triangular, po soft-
villous towards the apex al Pus SO re the beak 0.5 mm. long, emarginate.—
Sandy woods, in acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C.—Spr.-
early sum.
XIII. PicrAE Kükenth. Culm lateral. Leaf-blades flat. Spike one, pis-
tillate or staminate, linear-cylindrie, densely many-flowered, long-peduncled,
the bract sometimes present or more often the culm with one to iiio colored
bract-like sheaths towards the base. Scales
i ciliate, short- “cusped. Perigynium
appressed, narrowly obovoid, many-nerved,
one stipitate, flattened- SAUEN short-
pubescent, obtuse, beakless, thickish, closely
enveloping achene. Achene triangular. St
slender, long-exserted, little enlarged at base.
Stigmas 3
49. C. picta Steud. Rootstock thick, creep-
ing: culm 1-2.5 dm. tall, Maas fibrillose
a e ades wide:
staminate spikes 2-5 cm. go p "ilate
d 4—6 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, brats,
the scales ET -oblong, obtuse
die cones aling the numerous is perigynis purplish- tinged: Did er Hin
oblong- -obovoid, triangular, many-s , 4-5 . long, 1 wide, ee
at the base and sti ipitate, d Fite to is pointed "but "ende apex
up Plain near 2 uua La.; also Interior Low Plateaus, NW t to
C and early sum.—Grows in circular colonies. Known only fro
"Ren mb. widely rire stations. E local in dry woods and aa soils.
i
B
XIV. DIGITATAE Fries. Culm slender, leafy at the base. Leaf-blades
narrow, the sheaths usually strongly purplish. Terniinal spike linear, stami-
nate. Lateral spikes 1-5, approximate, or separated or sometimes basal, oblong
to linear, 5—20-flowered in few rows, the peduncles included or exserted. Bracts
sheathing, more or less strongly purplish-tinged, PNE ARM the blade
absent or rudimentary. Pistillate scales
strongly gles or reddish-brown-tinged.
Perigynium membranous, appressed, oblon
obovoid, pubes nt to glabrate, triangular,
achene. Stigmas 3, ee deciduo
Baltzellii Chapm. Rootstock thick,
x C.
eeping: culm 1.5-3 dm. tall, ons smoo oth,
fibrillose at base: leaf-bla des ee wide,
ding the culm Fun spike
1.5—2.5 cm. long, long- veduacled, the pistillate ais one at the top and uiid
at the base of the culm, long-peduncled, 1.5-3.5 em. long, 4-6 mm. wide: per
214 CYPERACEAE
gynium 5-15, ascending, oblong- d triangular, see striate, 4-5 mm. long,
thic k, tapering and stipitat at base, abruptly minutely beaked, "ie.
ner the es ng-obovate, abrupt y mucronate, Pis ie purple- tinged
scales.—Sandy ravines, Gadsden Fla. and S —Spr.—A very y well-
marked species which has not been collected for many can
XV. ALBAE Aschers. & Graebn. Slenderly long-stoloniferous. Culm
very slender, obtusely triangular, leafy near the base. Le af- blađes of the
Later
fertile culm very narrow, involute. Terminal spike linear, staminate.
spikes 2 or 3, (or 4), M or linear, loosely 4—8-flowered, all us pedicle
linear or onion often overtopping the staminate one. racts sheathing,
ng,
subspathaeeous, bladeless, white-hyaline above. Scales white- Seale: Denm
ish-tinged. Perigynium erect, obovoid, tri-
angular, glabrous, nerved, taperin e
base, abruptly minutely beaked, the orifice
entire, hyaline. Achene triangular, closely
enveloped, the sides concave. Style-base very
short, bulbous- bey xd. a with the
achene. Stigmas 3, long.
51. C. eburnea Boott. Culm 1-3.5 dm. tall,
slender, smooth: leaf-blades 0.5 mm. wide:
staminate spike 4-8 mm. long, sessile or
nearly so: pistillate spikes 2—4 usually 2, 2—
6-flowered, exsert-peduneled, the upper over-
topping the staminate : seales exceeded
b ia, tuse or aeutish
y p whitish, obt |^ €
perigynium elliptie- P) membranous, 2 mm . lon ng, obseurely nerved, tapering
at base, abruptly very short-beaked —Caleareous Mud talus- ey es, and ar
various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Va. and T o Nebr., B. C, Mackenzie,
and Newf.—Spr.-early sum.—In ou Para in ol haded situations.
XVI. PANICEAE Tuckerm. Stoloniferous. Culm central, slender, leafy
towards the base. Basal a brownish or purplish-tinge Terminal spike
staminate, linear or linear-oblong. Lateral spikes 1-5 : pistillate, loosely to
rather closely several-many-flowered, ew or several ranks, on erect, ex-
serted or included peduncles. Bracts PAURA not ee or dark-aurieled,
the blades developed. Scales purplish or
reddish-brown-tinged. Perigynium ascending
or spreading, ovoid or obovoid, membranous,
obtusely triangular, slightly inflated, gla-
pointed or beake y? orifice entire or nearly
Achene Doos Style-base slender,
jointed with achene. Stigmas 3.
| - C. Meadii Dewey. Rootstock deep-
d n pe culm phyllopodie,
ish, or but little
purplish tinged a at ‘the base: pd rae 2.5-7
wide: inate spi long,” € :
the and a rough: pios. spikes 1-8, oblong or linear- poiius d -3.5
em. long, 5-7 mm. wide: scales ovate, obtuse to 'euspidate: perigynium obovoid,
CYPERACEAE 215
3-5 mm. long, 1.75-2.5 mm. wide, strongly nerved, tapering to the base, abruptly
minutely beaked.—Open places, meadows and prairies, in calcareous ues
various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Sask., Mich., and W N. J.—Spr.—early su
53. C. biltmoreana Mackenzie. Rootstock stout, interwoven: culm strongly
purplish-tinged at E 3—7 dm. tall, 3—4 mm. thick at the base, sphyllop odie:
leaf-blades 3.5-5 mm. wide: diee sheaths 5-30 mm. lon ng: stam spike
strongly rough- he a noeuds spikes 1—3, erect, rd. ae pius
peduneled, 1.5—3.5 em. long, 1 or somewhat elo sely flowered above: seales
ely
ovate, obtuse to fae ME purplish-brown- v Se pe Weird obovoid,
many-nerved, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, abruptly roun p. apex and minutely beaked
or beakless, the e entire. [C. tetanica (Fl. SE. U. S.) not Schk.]—Rocky
soil, Blue Ridge, N. C.—Spr.
C. rapa Steud. Gavia pu clumps small, sending forth long
dm
horizontal stolons: culm 1-3 . high, not winged or se errulate: sterile shoots
elongate: leaf-blades light-gr - m. inate spike short-
ped si long: pistillate spikes 2—4, rather closely 8-18 flowered,
a
the lowermost widely separate, more or less strongly exsert-peduncled: bract-
ine sparingly retrorsely serrulate at mou th: scales mucronate or cuspidate,
ually markedly exceeded by the perigynia: perigynium obovoid-fusiform,
obtusely triangular, 4.5 mm. long, Do; tapering into the conspicuous,
aight or excurved beak. [C. fusiformis Chapm .]-—Hammocks and wood-
uds Fla. "Sor.
XVII. LAXIFLORAE Kunth. Cespitose. Fertile culm mostly lateral, the
sterile shoots leafy, conspicuous. Basal sheaths brownish- or purplish-tinged.
Terminal spike staminate, linear. Lateral spikes 2-5, pistillate or AT
i to closely few-many-flowered, in few-several ranks, on erect to drooping,
included or exserted, peduncles. Bracts sheathing, the sheaths green or pur-
plish. tinged, the blades leaf-like or sometimes reduced. Scales green with hya-
eri
gynium asce g, me
usually nerved, elosely enveloping the achene,
labrous or hispi ii tapering at the base,
short-beaked or beakless, the orifice entire.
Achene triangular. sel -base slender, jointed
with the achene. Stigmas 3.
55. C. austro- Duden Bailey. Culm 2-4.5
dm. tall, weak, nearly smooth: leaf-blades 3-6
mm. wide, thos d is sterile shoots 3—3.5
dm. long: spike long-peduncled,
1-2 em. [E pu^ spikes about 3, widely /
E olera pe 2--6-flowe s
scales orbicular, obtuse to cuspidat
porigynium 1 po RAE p Uds hispidulous, finely many-nerved,
2.5-3.75 mm. long, tapering at the base and dune short-beaked.—Mountain
gorges "Blue R Ridge and adj. provinces, S. C. to Tenn. and N. C.—Spr.—4A very
rarely ‘collected td ee but a handsome plant.
aTa Lam. Culm 2.5-6 dm. tall, erect or reclining, span
m de 10-25 mm. wide, dos of the sterile shoots 1.5-3.5 dm. lon ng: |
nate spike long- peduncled, 1-2 em. long: pistillate spikes 3-4, widely iR)
216 CYPERACEAE
4—12-flowered on erect peduncles: scales broadly ovate, acuminate or euspidate:
perigynium ovoid- Dd Ma iud , minutely hispidulous, finely many-nerved,
mm. long, taper abruptly beaked, the beak 1 mm. lon
( ANTAIN-LEAF FS EDGE.) —Wo odi: ands, in ealeareous distriets, apparently avoid-
ing strongly magnesian rocks, various provinces, N. C. t o Ill, Sask., and N. B.
—Spr.
ab C. purpurifera Mackenzie. Culm 2-4 dm. high, iar Seni bred. in dry-
vid spike long-
ing, the angles te eae Pe 3- ^ e:
peduncled, 2-3 em. long: pistillate spikes , the pus strongly exser obe
cled, widely pua very emm poseen: at 15-flowered: scales ir the
midvein excurrent as an awn: perigynium ue obosoid, 3 75-4. 25 . lon ng,
many-nerved, tapering into the straight or hat rved sho eak.—
omew PL
Open dry rieh Miis i in calcareous soil, Fee. Valley, NM Camp-
bell County, Tenn.—Sum
58. C. platyphylla ae Culm 1.5-3 dm. tall, slender, not winged, strongly.
lateral, cinnamon-bro t base: sterile shoots mos d reduced hs tufts of
leaves: i e T es “glaucous, 9-25 : stamin spike more or less
peduncled, . long: pistillate spikes 2-4, widely, uen the lower
short- burden 4-10- flowered: scales short-awned to acuminate, exceeded by
perigynia: perigynium obovoid, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, finely many-nerved.—Dr
wooded slopes, oan in loose shale, various provinces, N. C. to Ill, Mich., and
Que.—Spr.-early s
9. C. abscondita Mackenzie. Culm 0.5-2 dm. tall, slender, smooth: leaf-
blades 4-9 mm. wide: staminate spike 4—9 mm. long: pisti illate spikes 2 or 3,
approximate d short-peduncled or lowest remote and long-peduneled, al
loosely 3—10-flowered: scales ovate, half the length of bo pd eee to
short a perigynium oblong-o i 2n Ud ong, des 1.5
m. e, many-nerved, Nis base E e ys vend
[C. ipd Steud. C. laxiculmis floridana Bailey.|—-Woodlands, in acid
soils, Coastal Plain and DAT adj. provinees, Fla. to La., Ind. Ne os
and Mass.—Sum.
60. C. magnifolia ip ie. Culm smooth, rar. 1-2 dm. high, much
shorter than the leaves: leaves glaucous; bla mm. wide, 1.5-3.5
long, numerous and Pen iiia lower Dc s Ser staminate spike
sessile or nearly so, about 1 em. long: pistil pie spikes usually 3, erect, the
lowest long-peduncled, nearly ae the upper two ard the stam nee con nti igu-
ous, loosely E owered: scales ovate, obtuse or E an fs the pk.
erigynia us pee tes fusiform, acutely trian
long, the sides 2 mm. wide, finely many-nerved, the nearly a Pee
long, with entire orifice Zi digitali Koen Chapm. ]—In shaded m coon
lands, in acid soils, Fla. —Spr
61. C. digitalis ers Culm La dm. tall, slender, smooth: leaf-blades bright-
green: staminate spike 1-2 cm. long: pistill ate spikes 2—4, widely separated,
the upper short- ET ae ine 2 rene loosely 3-12 ca Seed. second
bract usually exceeding the culm: scales Ac neeolate, rather ues than
pe rigynia, acute to ds lr) Su e oid, 2.5—4 mm. long,
the s ides 1.5 mm. wide, finely many- -nerved, tapering at the pera e and apex, short-
— Woods Mn un in acid or neutral oils various provinces, Fla.
to Tex., | Minn., and Me.—Spr. "early s sum.
62. C. laxiculmis Schw. Culm 1.5-6 dm. tall, weak, smooth: leaf-blades glau-
cous-green: staminate spike 8-20 mm. ie pistillate spikes 2-4, widely sepa-
CYPERACEAE 217
rated, the upper short-peduneled and erect, the lower drooping on filiform
peduncles, rather loosely 5—10-flowered: secon nd bract usually shorter than culm
scales ovate, shorter than perigynia, acute to cuspidate: perigynium oblo ong-
obovoid, ae mm. long, the sides 1.75-2.25 mm. wide, finely many-nerved, taper-
ing at base and very short-beaked at apex.—Woods and e in acid or
neutral acs ere provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to Mo., Wis., and
Me.—Spr.
63. C. albursina Sheldon. Culm 2-6 dm. tall, Po flattened in drying,
narrowly winged, ue leaf-blades 7—30 m Mies staminate spike ses-
sile or nearly so, 5-17 mm. lon ng the scales patie oe : pistillate spikes 2—4,
linear, the upper clos ely A mate and scarcely Henn peduneled, the lower
distant and slender- dun neled, peers 3—18- ru ered: seales strongly ‘scarious-
margined: pe rigynium ascen ndin ng, Obr oid, 3-4 mm. , 2 mm. wide, finely
—Wooded calcareous bluffs, various provinces N of " Coastal Plain,
Va. m Tenn. to Mo., Minn., and Que.—Spr.
64. C. heterosperma Wahl. eerie ie id culm p 15-4 dm, tall,
wide
.5—4.5 em. long, 2-
penes us Er iu Pu p ja short-cuspidate: perigynium nar-
rowly obovoid, 3-4.2 . long. [C. a s Muhl.]—Dry woods, in aeid or
neutral soils, 1 Blue Ridge "UN. C. to Tenn., aa various provinces, Va. to Mich.
and Me. —In the mountains in our "ran ge.
65. C. laxiflora Lam. Loosely cespitose: arc 2-6 dm. tall, Md s
and central: leaf-blades 7— 14 mm. wide, firm, the lcnger basal ones than
3 dm. long with sides strongly parallel: ee spike um long stalked,
its scales on reddish-brown-tinged: p Od usually 2, linear-oblong,
1.5-5 c ong, 6-20-flowered: scales ovate, sh a slightly reddish-
brown w perigynium obovoi id-fusiform ong. [C. striatula
Michx.]|—-Dry woodlands, in acid dip Coastal Plein aie adj. provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Ind., and Conn. — Spr r.-early
66. C. styloflexa Buckley. Culm 2-8 dm. tall, slender, smooth, brownish at
| ide.
he base, loosely cespitose: leaf-blades 2.5-3.5 mm. wide e spike mostly
long-stalk scales usually reddish-brown-tinged: pistillate spikes 1—4, 1-2
em. long, loosely 4—15-flowered, the lower droo on elongate filiform pedun-
cles l D ute or cuspidate, reddish-brown-tinged: pe m 4-5
mm. long, 1.5-2 thick, divergent, d a at both ends.—Dry woodlands.
and
g;
in acid MA Coastal Plais and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex.
Conn.—Spr.-early
67. C. crebriflora Wiegand. Loosely cespitose: culm 2-6 dm. tall, stoutish,
nT winged, brownish at base, e. lateral and central: leaf- blades green,
wide: staminate spike 1—2.5 cm. long, sessile or short-peduncled: pis-
tillabe wis 2 or 3, closely 1 10 —20- uie ed, the lowermost strongly separate,
and c3 E scales oblong-obovate, obtuse to cuspidate, half the length
of the perigynia rigynium elliptie-obovoid, 3.5—4.5 mm. long, subcoriaceous,
ee -nerved. —Wo dem in acid soils, Du ‘Plein, Fla. to La. and S. C.—
pr.
nervia Fernald. Culm 1.5-7 dm. tall, slender, becoming decum
EE ps ae shoots vale developed: leaf-blades 3-10 mm. "wide, their sheaths
218 CYPERACEAE
tight: bract-sheaths strongly diede an se serrulate at the mouth: ee spike
sessile or nearly so: pistillate spikes , linear-oblong, 1-3 em. long, rather
loosely 10-20-flowered, upper contiguots, e pde rA ee cale
obtuse to acuminate, greenish: perigyn . long, obovoid- ‘elliptic,
nerveless or nearly so, straight beakad. mac woes angled n a
i j ils, Blue Ridge and more northern
y I. to
Mich., Newf., and N N. J.—Spr.—A pe distributed northern eee reach-
ing our area ‘in the higher mountains o
69. C. blanda Dewey. Culm 1-6 dm. tall, s but Mie flattened in drying,
iiu slightly winged above: leaf- blades E e wide, soft, the sheaths
very loose with much crinkled margin spiko poem Or 'sho rt-pedun-
dd or a even Tong: g-peduneled: pistillate s bu 2—5, oblong or linear-oblong,
5—3 em. long, 3. wide, closely 8—25-flowered, erect, ned contiguous
or IE erf Mun scales oe the lower at least t strongly wned: peri-
gm um obov e 3—4 mm. long.—Dry ‘woodlands, in calcareous or irn, soils,
us provi ; Fla. to Tex., N. D., and Me.—Spr.-sum.—One of the most
widely distributed and abundant Seca in the E U. 8.
70. C. gracilescens Steud. Culm 1.5-6 dm. tall, slender, ipd scarcely winged,
serrulate above, not flattened in pice leaf-blades 3-7 m wide, their sheaths
tight, with margins little erinkled: staminate spike ind. hes stalked : pistil-
late spikes 2—4, linea shanty e, 7-30 mm. long, 3—4 mm. thick, loosely 7—20-
er
a :
spicuous, strongly bent. [C. laxiflora (Fl. SE. Y cee not Lam. ]— ~The
open parts of een mostly in neutral soils, 2. pun rarely uer
Plain, Tenn. to Ark., Mich., and E Que.—Spr.-
VIII. OLIGOCARPAE Carey. Culm slender, central, leafy. Leaf-blades
flat. Basal sheaths brownish or purplish. Terminal spike staminate, linear.
Lateral pass 2—4, pistillate, few—many-flowered in few-several ranks, erect,
n more or less strongly exserted peduncles. Bracts sheathing, not colored or
dark- ines the blades leaf-like. Scales
ovate, pointed. erigynium ascending, ob-
long-elliptie or obovoid, glabrous, subecori-
aceous, finely many-striate, obtusely tri-
lar in d tapering at base,
constricted at apex, closely enveloping the
achene, je or slightly beaked, the orifice
entire. Achene triangular, ip jointed
with the slender style. Stigmas
E S
LAS
I:
EET
ECL FÉ.
em T
ETE x £
UID DU M
TX 0L Dr mul 2
E RE
ce ag? eS,
71. C. oligocarpa Schk. Culm 1-5 es tall,
roughened, purplish-tinged at the bas : leaf-
blades 2-4.5 mm iis the she ae ot his-
n staminate pike 1-2.5 long, le | |
ore or less pedu Bd. pistillate puces 2—4 erst, oe separated, loosely
2-8 flo Mud: Eis ics. n ney oun idate: perigyn ascendin .0—4
long, scarcely 2 wi e body obovoid, ripe triangular, ab-
apt ine into a pm ioni 0.75 mm. long. —Slopes and rocky banks
CYPERACEAE 219
in rich woods in calcareous regions, Mid TOV rarely Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex., Ia., Mich., and Vt.—Spr.-early su
RANULARES Bailey. Culm central, slender, leafy. Leaf-blades flat.
Basal sheaths brownish. Terminal spike staminate, linear. Lateral spikes
2—4, pistillate, closely many-flowered, in several ranks, erect on more or less
strongly exserted peduncles. Bracts sheathing, not colored or dark-aurieled, the
blades leaf-like. Scales ovate, pointed, slightly ferruginous. Perigynium
ascending, elliptic to ovoid, membranous, 4
glabrous, with many elevated nerves, subor-
bicular in M loosely enveloping the
ch rounded at the base, short tapering
and utely eden the orifice entire or,
sub- see ate Achene triangular, strongly X
apiculate, Py with the slender style.
Stigmas 3, shor
72. C. granularis Muhl. Culm 2-9 dm. tall,
e leaf-blades 3-9 mm. wide: staminate
pike 1-2.5 cm. TE pistillato spikes 2-5,
distant or upper two contiguous, 0.5-3 ¢
long, 5-6 mm. wide, closely 10-20. NOE.
scales exceeded by "the p ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or cuspidate:
a m ium m ven oid or obovoid, suborbicular in cross-section,
j e short beak.—
, 2-2 thi ick, ab
Moist 2 iy "in ‘alearenus regions, various provinces, Ga. to La., Minn., and
Vt.—Spr. —early su
73. Crawei ius Culms in small clumps, 1-3 dm. tall, smooth or nearly
"80: n blades 1.5-3 mm. wide, thick, spreadi ng, ae ed: staminate T
1-3 em. long: pietillate Di '2-4, widely separate, 1-3 em. long, 5-6
wide, closely 10—45-flowered: scales about half ns ‘length of the "peri gynia,
ovate, acuminate or Te : perigynium oe id, ascending, ovoid, suborbicu-
lar in cross-section, 3-3.5 mm. long, 1.25—2 thick, a dud contracted into
the minute beak: achene muri d tipped —Molst T ocky ledges in calcareous
Alb.,
regions, various provinces N of Coastal bim Tenn, T Kans., Wyo.,
me , Cape Breton Id., and N N. J.—Spr.- arly s
74. C. microdonta Torr. & Hook. Culms in small clumps, 1.5-6 dm. tall,
epis or nearly so: leaf-blades 3-6 mm. wide, flat, spreading: staminate spike
. long: pistillate spikes usu d 3, widely separate, 1-3.5 em. long, 5—7
mm. "thick, closely 10—45-flowered: ae shorter than the perigynia, ovate,
acuminate or cuspidate: perigynium turgid, ascending, ovoid, suborbicular
in dud bun n, T 5 mm. long, ribbed, moderately beaked, the orifice emargi-
ac h ben tt ip.—Wet prairies, n dare areous regions, Coastal Plain
a paren E Miss. to Tex. and Okla.—Spr.
ISEAE Bai id Culm slender, leafy. Leat- blades flat. Basal
minal spike
strongly exserted peduncles. Bracts sheathing, not colored or dark-auricled,
220 CYPERACEAE
the blades leaf-like. Scales ovate, pointed. Perigynium ascending, oblong,
labrous, membranous or subcoriaceous, iinely many-striate, rounded at bo th
ends, suborbicular in cross-section, beakless '
or nearly so, the orifice entire or emarginate.
Achene triangular, apiculate, jointed with
the style. Stigmas 3.
75. C. conoidea Schk. Culm 1-7 dm. tall,
roughened: leaf-blades 2-4 mm. wide: stami-
t long, usually long-
peduncled: pisti illate spikes. 1-3, ls
erect, peduncled, oblong, 0.5-2.5 - long,
4-5 mm. thick, rather closely 8—25- muud ed.
a te, acuminate or rough-awned:
perigy o
thick, sukorbicular in cros n. :
-seetion.—Mea P
ows, mostly in neutral soils, oceasionally in Ws ;
other types, Blue pude N. C., and various p Va. to Ia., Wis. . and
Newf.—Spr.—early su
76. C. amphibola Steud. Culm 2-6 dm. tall, smooth or slightly d dca
e staminate Man Ta peduncled: pistillate spikes 2—4, erect, 1—2.5
. long, 2.5—4 thick, eun ud flo Mia Dd separated, ‘the oe
often nearly b "and n ong pedi m pedun scales ovate, : peri
gynium firm, 3.5-4.5 m e ng, thick, cud but be ee “Dry i
woodlands, in id soils, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo.,
and W N. J.— —BSpr.-early su
77. C. grisea Wahl. Culm 2-8 dm. tall, stoutish, slightly roughened above:
staminate spike sessile or very short peduncled: pistillate spikes 3—5, 7—25 mm.
long, 4-7 mm. thick, closely 4—15-flowered, widely separated, but the lower
not nearly basal, the lower at least long- peduneled: scales ovate, cuspidate or
awned : perigynium about 5 mm. long, 2 mm. thick, vai ng at apex, beak-
less.—Rieh woods and thickets, in Eie or neutral soils, various pro-
vinces, Ga. to Tex., Minn., and Me.—Spr.-early sum.
78. C. glaucodea Tuckerm. Culm 1-6 dm. tall, smooth: Pd e 3-10 mm
wide, often rather rigid, the bi usually shorter than staminate
spike 10-25 mm. long, sessile to strongly peduncled: pic ate spikes 3
1-4 em. long, 5 mm. thick, erect, widely separate, the lower slender ‘peduneled
scales ovate, acute to awned: perigynium oblong- elliptic, 1.5-1.7 thie 2
beakless. — Fie lds and Se in clayey places, various inm N.
Ark., Ill, and Ont.—Spr.-early sum.
9. C. flaccosperma Dewey. Strongly resembling C. glaucodea, but rather
lens glaucous: culm 1.5-6 dm. tall, smooth: leaf-blades 4-18 mm. wide, thin,
not rigid, the basal rather shorter ‘than e culm: staminate spike 10-25 mm.
long, sessile » strongly peduneled: d spikes 2—5, 1—3.5 em. long, 4.5—6
. thick, erect, widely separated, the low r slender-peduncl ed: seales ovate,
acute to awned, often reddish brown tinged: perigynium ovoid-elliptic, 2-2. 25
mm. thick, beakless.—Moist clayey places in fields and oe Coastal Plain
and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. C.—Spr.—early su
XXI. GRACILLIMAE Carey. Culm slender, leafy. Leaf blades flat. Ter-
minal spike gynaecandrous or sometimes staminate. Lateral spikes 2-4, elon-
CYPERACEAE 221
gate, linear or cylindric, the lower at least slender-peduncled and drooping.
wer bract at least usually strongly green-sheathing, rarely sheathless, the
blades leaf-like. Perigynium oblong or ovoid, membranaceous, little or not
at all inflated, 2-keeled and otherwise nerve- wx.
less, or cures several-nerved, beakless or `
short-beaked, the orifice truncate or emar
hie e triangular, p ede jointed
n the style. Stigmas 3, short
09
oa
80. C. prasina Wahl. Culm 3-8 dm. tall,
erect, slender, ou) De above: leaf-
blades 2. 5-5 wide: minal spike
strongly pedun dot bom partly p
late: pistillate spi ikes 2—4, narrowly cylin
e ort awne ve
perigynium light-green, sharply triangular, 3-4 mm. long, 1. 51 mm. thick, nerve-
rl
nea 80.— (DROOPING-SEDGE.)—-Springy banks of shaded pu
are soils, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ky., Mich., Que
and Me.—Spr.-early sum.
81. C. oxylepis Torr. & pp Culm 2.5-8 dm. tall, erect, slender: terminal
spike gynaecandrous, 1.5-3.5 em. lo oe pe pean _pistillat a 2—3, some-
Ms a the lower usually more r less dro long, 3-4
. wi osely d cept at base) 15-40 -flo Ede p i» us elliptic: -lanceo-
late, svar triangular, s an inflated, strongly a -nerved, rounde
at ue E Rd minutely beaked, the orifice emarginat . gracillima
U. S.) not Schw.]—Rich w oods, Coastal Plain med ‘occasionally adj.
E. Fla. to Tex, SE Mo., Tenn., a nd Va. —BSpr.i
E. Davisii Schw. & Torr. Culm 3-9 dm. tall, erect: leaf-blades es
82.
pubescent: i epiko gyn pon 1.5-3.5 em. long, peduncled
20
tillate b sy r 3, 8 udi , the lower usually more or less "es
ing, 2—4 em. long, 3-6 wi ide, pios 10—40-flowered: perigynium oblong-
ps pis piu somewhat inflated, strongly several-nerved, rounded
apex and abruptly minutely beaked, the o rifice bidentate.—Rieh alluvial
aud d in ealeareous regions, various po ep rarely Coastal Plain, Tenn.
to Tex., Minn. , Que., and Vt.—Spr.-early sum
83. C. aestivalis M. A. Curtis. Culm 3-6 dm. ie erect, piel roughened
above, reddish at the base: leaf-blades 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, metimes slightly
pubescent, the lower sheaths short-pubescent: an aal pu e gynaecandrous,
the upper half pistillate, rather closely c ed: "pit a spikes usually 3,
approximate or somewhat remote, 2-4 em. long, 2 thick, erect, nearly
ee to long-peduncled, loosely honed: scales hale i the length of the peri-
obtusish to cuspi idate: bes ee lanceolate- -elliptic, rather sharply tri-
angular, smooth, 2.5-3 mm. long, the sides 1 mm. wide, tapering at both ends,
not beaked.—Mt. woods, in n acd A Blue Ridge and more northern provinces,
Ga. t o N. Y., N. H., an nd Mass.—Sum
84. C. misera Buckley. Culm 2.5-4.5 dm. € uad pubeseent, strongly
reddish-purple at base: leaf-blades 1—1.5 mm. wide, sparsely pubescent: ter-
222 CYPERACEAE
inal spike staminate, 1-2 cm. long, peduneled: alegre gee E or 3,
ERO. separate, the lower long- es a 12-35 mm. long, 3 wi e,
with 10—25 appressed- ee perigynia: scales oblong- -ovate, Ken half
length A per igynia d ostly o is use, D. ver tinged: perigynium oblong-
lanceolate, 4—4 ong, 1.25 mm. wide, obscurely triangular, lightly few-
eta pode. ae n. tapering at base and o the orifice entire:
P narrowly oblong-obovoid. [C. d Es SE. U. S.) not Willd.]—
Mt. summits, in aeid soils, Blue Ridge, N. C
XXII. SYLVATICAE Boott. Culm aphyllopodic, strongly purplish tinged
at the base, tufted, slender, leafy. Leaf-blades flat. Terminal spike normally
staminate. Lateral spikes 2—5, elongate, narrowly linear, slender- acsi |
the lower drooping. Bracts green-sheathing, the blades leaf-like. Perigyniu
appressed or Quid. lanceolate to ovoid, membranous, obsoletely . nerved,
rather closely enveloping the achene,
tapering to a well-developed conic beak,
obliquely cut at orifice and stron ex
hyaline-tipped, at length bidentate.
Achene triangular, apiculate, jointe
with the slender style. Stigmas 3
85. C.oblita Steud. Culm 2.5—6.5 dm.
tall, ned "pt roughened above:
leaf-blades wide: Rmi
Spike ies add 1.5—4 cm. lon
deni T 2 or 3, ui lower “distant,
—5 ong, 3-5 mm. ;
a ioo Ta flower ed, the a x |
least modding the peduncles long, sl Xe
h: scales ovate-lanceolate, js
than "half the eee of the Deng CHE or obtuse: perigyniu
long, 2-2.25 mm. wide, oblong-o obs pda d triangular, rU
about 10- ribbed, ‘tapering at both ends, minut ely beaked, the orifice shallowly
bidentate.—Moist sandy acid woods and thi iy oe Plai n and occasionally
adj. provinces, nh to La., N. Y., and N. J.—Late spr.
86. C. venusta Dewey. Culm ps dm. tall, slender, little roughened above:
leaf-blades 3-8 mm. wide: staminate spike slender-peduncled, 2.5—5 em. long:
isti j j , 9—9 em. long, 3-5 mm. wi
pistillate spikes 3 or 4, the lower e linear mm. wide,
rather loosely flowered, the t least drooping on lon ng, slender, rough
a scales oblong- jeu des iia n Pes len ngth of perigynia, obtuse to
acuminate: perigyni 6-7.5 mm. long, 2 wide, oblong-lanceolate, flat-
tened triangular, E nel, i tapering t "both ends, short beake d, the
beak obliquely cut. e ow pine woods, in acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
N. C.—Spr
early s
87. C. allegheniensis Mackenz Culm 2.5-6 dm. tall, ia Slightly
roughened above: sterile shoots aphyliopođie: leaf-blades 2-3 m ig
green; staminate spike A 1.5-3 cm. long: pistillate spik pa
rowly linear, 2.5—5 em. long, 3—4 mm. wide, "oon ing or weakly er on slender
Laan bed lower distant: erem oblong- nd m keeled, the mid-
n promine t to tip, c zb idate or awned, much shorter than the perigynia:
Herb) ium 5 7 mm. long, strongly nerved, "with slender unequally cleft sharply
bidentate beak.— —Dry w oodlands, in acid soils, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces,
Ga. to Tenn., Pa., and Md —Spr. early sum
CYPERACEAE 228
88. C. debilis Michx. Culm 2.5-12 dm. tall, slender, slightly rough above:
sterile shoots Fear de fae blades 2-4 mm. wide, light-green: staminate
sp ike md uncled, 1.5—5 ong: pistillate spikes 2—4, the lower distant, linear,
25- 6 em. long, 3-4 mm "e lower at least on long slender rough pe-
a ag ‘scales cae % Pw 15 1 ength of perigynia, closely appressed, very
wid e obtuse: perigynium subulate-lanceolate, flattened triangular.
1. . wide, gl Nn or rarely puberulent, RE the beak 1.5-2 mm. lon
"m m stro ongly stipitate.—Dry woods and eopses, in acid or neutral soils,
d., bu
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex: Ind., N. J., and Long Id., N.
pr.
89. C. flexuosa Muhl. Culm 2-10 es bar vines. Rs oat above: sterile
shoots p leaf-blades 2-4 wide: minate spike peduncled,
1.5-5 em. long: pistillate spikes 24 the ren orem linear or elongated
linear, 2-8 em. long, 3—4 mm. wide, the lower at least on long ped rough
: e r
ly
achene sri itate. [C. tenuis Ru dge E] —Dry woods and copses
in | acid or np soils, Blue Ridge and more northern po ..C. to Wis.
and Newf.—Spr.-ea rly sum.—In our area only in the mountains
XXIII. Lonetrostres Kükenth. Culm phyllopodie, tufted, leafy towards
the base. Leaf-blades flat. Terminal spike staminate. Lateral spikes —5,
linear-oblong or oblong-cylindrie, peduneled, many-flowered in several rows.
Braets green-sheathing, the blades devel-
(8) .
1 LASS Noe
membranous, globose-triangular, somewhat (yes ss
1 f
inflate a a ntly beaked, the — eae h y
tate, weak, secari
ee
Ed apiculate, the apice A. very
abruptly bent, jointed with the slender style.
Stigmas 3.
90. C. cherokeensis Schw. Rootstock stout:
es se
spikes 3—6, widely separate, the em P least
on long peduncles, oblong-cylindric, 1.5—4.5 *
em. long, 6—9 thick, elosely 10— Bo d uen seales somewhat shorter than
the perigynia, “lanceolate a perigynium ovoid, obtusely triangular,
6 mm. long, 2.5 wide, contracted into a beak A the length of the body,
scarious and oblique p apex -—Wet woodlands and swamps, Coastal Plain aa
rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., SE Mo., and Ga.—Spr.—The basal leaf-
sheaths are often chestnut-colored.
XXIV. VIRESCENTES Kunth. Culms largely aphyllopodic, tufted, leafy
towards the base. Leaves with at least the sheaths pubescent. Terminal
spike gynaecandrous or staminate. ral spikes pistillate, closely many-
flowered in several rows. Bracts estes or nearly so, at least the lower
224 CYPERACEAE
leaflike. Scales cuspidate. Perigynium green, round-triangular in cross-sec-
tion, membranous, from little to rather strongly inflated, several-nerved or
ribbed, glabrous or hairy, rounded or
pointed at d the orifice entire or nearly
so. Achene triangular, pdt jointed
with the short pu style. Stigmas 3.
91. Culm
1.5-6 dm. en on redden ed at base, rough
1.5-2
ery rt-pe eduncle
erect or nearly so, o long- eylindrie, densely
B. EVE ed, on long, 3-5 mm.
ick: lowest bra t tw pecans spikes
ie ee sioner dua the e perigynia,
the lower cuspidate: perigynium void,
triangular, 2-2.25 pert = ong, few. nerved,
?
beakless, p orifice en [C. virescens (Fl. SE. U. S.) not x bry
woods and thickets, in acid Or hd ies various provinees, N. rk.,
Wis., and N. S: — Sum.
92. C. virescens Muhl. Culm 4—10 dm. tall, erect, slender, strongly P
at p bed bla a E mm. wide, the uppe ermost usua ally '2-3 dm. below
spikes: S 2-5, lower M least lE dpi ereet or spr n ES
linear- EN UR sow - 1—4 em. lon ng, 2.5—4 mm. thick: lowest bract
somewhat exceeding spik cales Perg. han the um gynia, acuminate or
dde: perigynium o -elliptic to poi oid, triangular, 2-2. m.
ong, narrowed at each end, several ribbed, Pea at apex but beak-
less, the orifice entire. [C. costellata Britton.|—Dry wooded e in
acid soils, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. io Ky., Ind, and
Me.— Sum.
93. C. complanata Torr. Culm 2-6 e Er erect, rather stiff, roughish
above, strongly reddened at base: leaf-bla 1.5-3 mm. wide, stiff, spreading,
oe or very nearly so, ps shea abe spikes 2-5, sessile or eas
0, approximate, oblong, densely-flowered, E d) 6-15 mm. long, 5-7 m
thick: ica cuspidate, mostly shorter than é perigynia, scarious mar gin a
p obovoid, flattened, brownish- pee appressed or ase ending, gla-
s, 2 mm. long, more or less ne Ta dorsally, rounded at apex and beak-
pe Ao pru eddish. [C. triceps Miehx.]—Dry pine woodlands, in acid soils,
o Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and S N sT —Spr.—-early
94. C. hirsutella Mackenzie. Culm 2-9 an tall, beget slender, oo above,
stron E reddened at base: up blades 1.5—4 m wide, flacci id, softly pu ubes-
cent as are the sheaths: spikes 2—5, sessile or seen ye so, approximate, oblong
Or anions D densely lowered the lateral 6-18 mm. long, 5-7 mm.
thick: se e obtu short eu Dm mostly shorter than the perigynia,
scarious margin Bede perigyaiun obovoi da E ttened, greenish, appressed or
Rs. glabrous, 2—2.25 mm. long, st y several- turn dorsally, rounded
at apex and beakless: onan “yellowis h. g^ hirsuta Muhl.]—Fields and vi
open aude in calcareous eutral 2 dus provinees, Ala. and M
to Mo., Mich., and Me eer te zu as
CYPERACEAE 225
95. C. caroliniana Schw. Culm 2.5-8 dm. tall, d erect, roughish above,
strongly reddened at base: leaf- blades 1.5-3 mm. wide, gla bro 1a the races
- lon ng, 4
bese ikes se
thick, densely-flowered, approximate: scales ovate, cota porigynium
pointed at apex, the orifice entire or emarginate: achene bent at summit
or tipped with bent style. [C. Smith cce s don: in non- bres
regus oe various provinces, N. C. Tex. Ind, and N. J.—Spr
early su
96. C. Bushii Pipe Culm 3-9 dm. tall, slender, erect, reddish at base:
leaf-blades 1.5-3 mm. wide, short- ee especially below, as are the sheaths:
spikes 2—3, sessile or Bu so, oblong or oblong-cylindric, 5-20 mm. long, 5-8
mm. thi ick, ensely many- owered, approximate: scales triangular lanceolate,
apa strongly exceeding perigynia: perigynium 2.5-3.5 mm. long, 1.5-2 m
thick, tapering to the blunt or slightly Cons icd a apex, the orifice entire or
emarginate: style bent.—Dry open woodlands, arrens, and fields in caleareous
distriets, ees Plain i Mii adj. provinees, Miss. to Tex., Ind.,
N. Y., and Mass.—Spr.-s
XV. ANOMALAE Carey. Culm stout, leafy. Leaf-blades broad, flat,
glabrous, not septate-nodulose. Terminal spike staminate, linear. Lateral
spikes pistillate, linear-c icd -— elosely many-flowered in several
rows. B acts | eaf- pa sheat Peri-
e s
nerved, tapering at the base, triangular,
sient inflated, a. beaked, tho M ak
iei shallowly bidentat Achen an-
subapiculate, the Sedi short, ees
d with achene. Stigmas 3.
97. C. scabrata Schw. Long stoloniferous:
culm 2.5-9 dm. bar very roug
above:
onary 5-18 wide, elongate, very
roug upper surface:
eluted. 1.5—4 em. long: pistillate spikes
3-8, densely many flowered, narrowly ob- “
] 1.2-6 c ng, thick, the
upper erect, the lower distant and long peduncled: mad vr ex-
diu. by perigynia, acute to cuspidate: pu brownish-gre 2.54
long, the body obovoid, 1.5-2 mm. wide, str d bine ed, pupillos
abruptly a “beaked, the or ifice obliquely eut and hyaline.—Springy ban
oods, e less caleareous distriets, but not in strongly acid districts,
various Province N of Coastal Plain, S. C. to Tenn., Mich., and P. E. Id.—
Late s
XXVI. ATRATAE Kunth. Culm leafy below. Terminal spike staminate
or gynaecandrous, the lateral 1-10, normally pistillate, from sessile, one and
closely approximate, to long-peduncled, nodding, and distant. Bracts sheath-
less or nearly so, dark-colored at the base, the blades short in s da
tinged. Perigynium membranaceous, straw-eolored, often dark- need. “elliptic
15
226 CYPERACEAE
to broadly obovoid, circular in cross-section to much-flattened, papillose to
punetieulate, glabrous, abruptly short-beaked or beakless, the orifice entire or
Achene triangular, the style
slender, straight, often exserted, its base not
arged. Stigmas 3.
98. C. Barrattii Schw. & Torr. Culm 3-9
dm. tall, slender, smooth, aphyllopodie and
strongly e AS at base: leaf-blades
2—4 pale- or glaucous-green:
staminate spike 25 ae long, long- peduncled
(ofte
pistillato vd. 2-4, "scc ud 1-5
long, 4.5-6 mm. thick, closely many-
flowered: seis ovate, brownish-pu urple: peri-
gynium 2.5-3 mm. long, ovoid or oval,
faintly few-nerved, obscurely Poen bec ab- 7. il
ruptly minutely beaked. [C. littoralis Sehw.] 7 €
—Very acid swamps and bogs, Coastal Plain and rie adj. provinces,
N. C. d Pa. and Conn.—Spr.
s ie 4
ove
Sinn
"NOS
PE
M
A"
AN.
m
y
99. C. Buxbaumii Wahl. Culm 2.5-10 dm. tall, slender, rough above, aphyllo-
podie and strongly filamentose Rn base: leaf -blades 1.5-4 mm. wide, eo
green: spikes 2-7, oblong, 1—4 em. long, 8— mi mm, ae aee or low
est distant, the terminal rarely en staminate: scales black or dark-brow
with green midvein: perigynium very light- m elliptie Or B eue tri i
lar bieonvex, 2.5-4 mm. long, mn e d M die i the orifice
minutely 2-toothed. [C. fus (Fl. U. S.) n All.]—Open mps in
calcareous districts, various proviness E ‘to Ans Colo., Calif., B. "C. and
Greenl.—( Eurasia.)—Spring.-early s
XXVII. SHORTIANAE Bailey. Culm leafy. Leaves a the blades
flat. Spikes 4—5, the terminal o dens the lateral pistillate with a few
staminate basal flowers, erect, cylindric, more or less peduncled, or many-
ered. Bracts sheathless, the lower, leaf-like. Pistillate scales 3-nerved,
mucronate. erigynium orbicular-obovate,
MES a an M membranous, corru-
gated, nerveless, margined, short-stipitate,
es short-beaked, the orifice nearly en-
tire. Achene triangular, jointed with the
short de uus style. Stigmas 3, short
100. C. Shortiana Dewey. Rootstock short,
thick: culm 3-9 dm. pae rough above: leaf-
blades En. 4-8 mm., wide: spikes 3-7,
gynaecandrous, linear cilindri densely
many-flowered, 1-3.5 lon ng, 4—5 mm.
thick, . erect, the low B yc and lo ong-
pedu neled scales about e me perigynia, H
sharp-pointed: perigynium orbicular or obo-
vate, P 2-edged, 2.5-3 mm. long, 2 mm.
wide, slightly puro) nerveless but ridged at apex, abruptly minutely beaked,
the orifice entire or nearly SO Moist meadows and thickets in calcareous dis-
CYPERACEAE 227
triets, s eee rarely Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Okla., Ia., and Pa.—
Spr.-early s
XXVIII. aon Fries. Phyllopodic. Culm leafy below. Spikes
two to seven, the upper 1-3 staminate, linear, the lower 2—4 pistillate, linear
or oblong- ie eae very many-flowered, the lower at least long-peduncled
and often more or less drooping: lowest bract from nearly equalling to exceed-
ing the inflorescence, on sheathin me Scales sharp-pointed to long-awned.
Perigynium coria submembrana-
eous, firm, ied hispid gran-
ular, nerveless, except for wo mar-
ginal nerves, to strongly Eon scarcely
inflated, minutely or short-beaked, the ori-
entir lo ide
rather closely enveloped, triangular, apicu-
late, jointed with the style. Stigmas 3
slender.
C. Joorii Bailey. Rootstock stout:
la strongly phyllopodic, 4—10 dm. tall,
stout, mu ur roughe iin above: e blades
3—10 long, glaucous-green nate J
spike A peduneled: ‘pistillate spikes 5- ~s V4
pepe Ree) 15-50-flow 1.5-6 i
lon . thick, little see an sessile or peduncled: € ab-
aa awed, reddish -brown- -tinged: perigynium broadly obovoid, 4 mm. long,
3-3.5 m thick, abruptly ed the beak 14 the length of bo dy, nis orifice
entire I S swamps, in humus-rich and sometimes acid soils, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex., Mo., and S. C.— Sum.
102. C. verrucosa Muhl. Culm 6-12 dm. tall, not E Wi a base, ded
slender above, pid. leaf-blades somewhat laucou , 4-10 mm. wide:
nate spike 3-6 long, usually solitary: pistillate spikes "3-6, oylindrie,
strongly sepa N densely many-flowere m. long, 7-10 mm oe ses-
sile or short-peduncled: cm broadly obovoid, 3-angled, 3-4. 5m m. long
2.0 mm. thick, very short-beaked, the orifice entir [C. macrokolea Steud. jew
Pinclmd s swamps, in acid soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.—
spr.-late s
103. glaucescens Ell Culm 5-12 dm. un wx filamentose at base,
somewhat roughened above: leaf-blades glaue 3-5 mm. wide: staminate
ike 2.5-6 em. long, peduncled: pistillate ae mu cylindric, strongly sep-
short-beaked, the orifice entire —Pineland swamps, in acid soils, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to La. an —Sum
XXIX. ACcUTAE Fries. Culm leafy below, aphyllopodie or phyllopodic.
Terminal 1—several spikes staminate (rarely Po ide linear, the remain-
ing pistillate, wah to cylindric or oblong, closely many- — sessile or
eduncled. Bra A (rarely short- shes Ae, leafy or squamiform,
biauriculate a pho darkened at the base. Perigynium membranaceous to
228 CYPERACEAE
coriaceous, plano- or bi-eonvex, or turgid, elliptic to obovate, puncticulate, mar-
gined, beakless or abruptly minutely beaked, the orifice entire to deeply biden-
tate. Achene normally lentieular. Style
slender, straight, sometimes exserted,
its base not enlarged. tigmas nor-
mally 2.
104. C. torta e Culm 2.5-9 dm
tall: leaf-blades 3—4 mm. wide, light-
green, lower ul ied filamen-
se aminate
spike ually one,
peduncled: urat spikes 3- 6, 2-7.5
m. long, 2.5-4.5 p ‘linear,
closely cae ewe Er metimes
loosely so at base, e rect to den
the lower slender- Bd neled: scales
ovate-oblong, shorter than perigynia,
obtuse or acutish: perigynium oe
ovate, light- a nerveless, 2.5-3 m
long.—Rocky banks E svittowing streams, various provinces, is dn iind
Coastal Plat , N. C. to S Mo. nn., Que d N. S.—Spr.-early su
only B phim growing popu the pauldens in or on the ea s
of tor
105. C. strictior Dewey. Growing in beds, long- eiu culm 3.5-9 dm
tall, slender, purplish- pee at base: leaf- blades 2.5-3.5 mm. wide, light- or
glaucous-green, flat to the base, the ee ns very rough: Ten Penn filamen-
tose, rounded and his Disi Bo ally: staminate spike strongly peduneled, 2— »
em. long: pistillate spikes usually 3, d to long- b i d, approximate
lower distant, 1.5-6 em. lon im 4-5 mm. wide, clos any-flo owered: eae
bract little shorter than inflorescence: scales Satelit a CE iei
- -edged, P granular, green, 2.25-2.75 mm. lon 28,
1.5 mm. wide, urn ui nerved a ee minutely beaked. [C. strict
(Fl SE. U. 8.) n m.]—Swampy meadows, without ds pum prefer
E Blue Ridge op more enun, dorm E “Ot o Tenn., Ia. , Que
pr.-early —Does not have T Bus uu tei of
the next following duc
C. stricta Lam. Growing in large very dense oe culm 3-8 dm
tall, slender to base, brownish or light- ead pun -brown the base: M in
5— . wide, deep-green, channeled and keeled Hebe the bas
gins very rough: lower sheaths filamentose, subcarinate and sm ens us Rub.
so dorsally: principal staminate spike 2—4 em. long: pistillate spikes 2 or 3,
ea or short-peduncled, d Hd or the lower distant, 2-6 cm. long, 3-5
wide, closely many-flow red: lower braet usually much Shorter than the
eee. scales reddish- ia ange: perigynium ovate, plano-convex, 2-
edged, puncticulate, granular, dark-green, 2.25—2.75 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide,
obseurely nerved dorsally, beakle ess or nearly so.— Swampy meadows or woods,
j e soils, va ie
Spr.-ea um.
and reed eoi cover di areas in the lowlands to the practical exclusion
of other vegetation. The water stands in small pools between the tussocks,
nd ee seg y be drained off, w y le the tussocks themselves enel v
bro up e t prohibitive cost, o that lands where it occurs in qua
are edo s e he le en ín m margined, and are d
by stock; they are sometimes ad p ma
CYPERACEAE 229
XXX. ÜRYPTOCARPAE Tuckerm. Stoloniferous. Culm aphyllopodie or
phyllopodic. Terminal one or two spikes staminate, linear, the others pistil-
late, linear or Nes closely many- or very many-flowered, the lower or a
e
in some species obtuse. Perigynium coriaceous or membranaeeous, plano- or
bi-convex or turgid, elliptic to obovate, pune- ,
a d abruptly minutely beaked
r beakless, the orifice entire or nearly so. |
Ane Ie. rm constricted in the ||
middle. Style straight, slender, ep with |!
achene, at length deciduous. Stigm i
C. gynandra Schw. Culm 4-10 dm
ened above: leaf-b A y
staminate spikes 1-3, 2-6 cm. long: pistillate "m
spikes 2-5, approximate, pedun cled, dro oop-
in -10 em. long, 8-12 mm. wi
with 3-ribbed center, brownish-tinged, as-
cending: perigynium oblo Sd Sedis to ‘oval,
ascending, compressed, 3-4 . long, 1.5-2
mm. thick, 2-edged but o (ee nerveless or nearly so, scarcely inflated, the
walls thin but rather firm, abruptly minutely beaked: achene a cted in
Ea oodland swamps, in acid or neutral soils, various provinces, N. C.
to T enn. Wis, à and Newf.—Sum |
108. C. crinità Lam. Culm 4—12 dm. tall, reddened and filamentose at base,
iie above; the basal PR Poe keeled: leaf-blades 3—10
wide: staminate spikes E —6 . long: pistillate spikes pu D.
is a rooping or somewhat erect, peels ed, 2.5-10 em. long, 8-1 wide:
scales b 1-3 Ee Vend brownish- -tinged, sprea a perigynium in flat ted,
. long, 1.25- hiek, nerveless or faintly nerved, the walls thin,
abr ae eae minutely be eu a—( TASSEL-SEDGE. coa d ti in woodlands, in
acid or neutral soils, various provinces, N. o Tex., Minn., and N. S.—Sum.
109. C. Mitchelliana ae A. Curtis. Cespitose, sending forth horizontal iid
lons: culm 5-9 dm. tall, smooth or nearly so, dull purplish-brown at. the bas
the bud sheaths little or E at all filamentose: leaf-blades 2.
staminate spike 2.5—4 cm. long: Lene spikes usu Mn 3, more or drin strongly
T peduncled, drooping, 2 . long, 6-8 mm. wide: scales reddish-
brown- tinged, 3-nerved, the E. audios strongly n awne uch exceeding
the perigynia, the upper- a awned: perigynium oblong- ires flattened-bi-
eonvex, 2.5-3 mm. lon .75 mm. wide, normally slende erly few- nerved, strongly
papillae, RIT beaked: a cie ene normally not constricted in the middle.—
Swampy woodlands, in acid sails, Coastal Plain, mostly near the ufa Fla. to
Mass. E. —early sum.
XXXI. HigTAE Tuckerm. Culm stout, leafy. Rootstock with long
stolons. Leaves septate-nodulose. Spikes 3-10, the upper 1-5 staminate,
slender, the others pistillate, many-flowered, erect. Bracts leaf- ie ee
or exceeding the culm, often sheathing. Pistillate scales acu istate,
ovate or lanceolate. Perigynium mostly ascending, coriaceous or huie iiis
ovoid or oblong-ovoid, somewhat inflated, nearly orbieular in cross-section,
230 CYPERACEAE
ed -nerved, often hairy, round-tapering at base, tapering into a bidentate _
chene apo often stipitate, the faces flat or deeply goose
in culate, jointed the straight or
slightly flexuous ens style. Stigmas
110. C. turgescens Torr. Culm 6-9 dm. tall,
nearly flat: ate
peduneled, 3.5-5 cm. long: pistillate ieee
2 or 3, widely separate, short-oblong, 2-3
em. long, 1.5-2.5 em. thick, 10—20- nv
strongly peduncled: racts conspicuous
scales half length of perigynia or less, iier
aeute to euspidate: perigynium ovoid-lanceo-
late, 3-3.5 mm. thick, coarsely many-nerved,
yello wish- „green, tapering into the smooth or
i be mm.
—Wet pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Là. and N. C.—Spr.-sum.
111. C. Walteriana Bailey. Culm 2-8 dm. tall, slender, stout, roughish above,
reddened and filamentose at base: staminate spikes 1-2, 5 em. long: pi
tillate spikes 1-2, oblong-cylindric, 2-6 cm. long, 5-8 mm. thick, distant, AREIS
or very short-peduncled, many-flowered: uel ue P pecie scales oe
acute to short awned: perigynium ovoid, 4-6 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. thick, ascend-
ing, coriaceous, glabrous or sparsely short- ean many iue the beak
l5 length of the body, the teeth 0.5 mm. long. [C. striata Michx. C. poly- .
morpha (Fl. SE. S:) not Muhl. ]—Open pineland swamps in acid soils,
Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to Mass.—Spr.-early su
112. C. lanuginosa Miehx. Culm 3-10 dm. ps stoutish, E puso
rough above, reddened PA piu at base: staminate spikes 1-2: pistil- -
lc spikes 1-3, cylindri . long, 5-8 m m. thick, usually distant, sessile
the lower slender- ect ed, 25-75- flowered: bracts conspicuous: scales
TURPE AI nne aeuminate or awned: p broadly ovoid, 2.5-3.5 mm.
long, 1.75—2 mm. wide, ascending or spreading, coriaceous, densely soft-hairy,
many- dos euo d the teeth 0.5 mm. long. [Carex hirta (Fl. SE.
U. S.) not L.]—Open swamps and wet meadows in ealeareous distriets, various
ee. "N. C. to Tex., S Calif., B. C., and Que.—Sum
XXII. PALUDOSAE Fries. Phyllopodie or a Rootstock with
stout stolons. Culm leafy, the leaves often more or less glaucous. Staminate
spikes 1-3, linear. Pistillate pod 2-6,
cylindric or oblong, densely non
ered, erect, ped acts ee
to strongly sheathing, the lower leaf-li
Scales cuspidate or aristate. Perigynium
coriaceous, ovoid, suborbicular in cross-sec-
tion, many-nerved or ribbed, abruptly beaked,
the orifice emarginate to deeply bidentate.
Achene triangular, continuous with the per-
sistent style. Stigmas 3.
113. C. hyalinolepis Steud. Culm 5-10 dm.
tall, stout, phyllopodie, smooth or ne arly
CYPERACEAE 231
glaucous, the ur gue staminate n 2—4, 1-4 em. long: pistillate dd
0-1
2—4, cylindric, 1-7.5 em. long, 1 . thick, widely separate, short-pedun-
cled, very m any flowe ap bracts cate scales ovate b lanceolate, acute
to awned : perigynium narrowly ovoid, 6 mm. long, 2. o mm. thick, ascending,
Tc glabrous, Ca ro the beak short, the pos e 5 mm. lon ng.
[C. r (Fl. SE. U. 8.) n urtis. C. impressa (S. H. Wright) Mae-
Kenzie} 5 Onen neutral swamps a ne swales, various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
and S N. J.—Spr.
XXXII COLLINSIAE Mackenzie. Cespitose. Culm leafy. Leaf-blades
flat, septate-nodulose, deep-green. Terminal spike staminate, short, few-flow
ered. Lateral spikes 3-4, androgynous, erect, the pistillate part hi ely 1-8-
flowered, the sta ee part few-flowered. Bracts strongly sheathing, leaf-
like. Seales short, whitish, pointed. Perigynium subulate, ea. spreading
e ; e
many-nerved, tapering to the long beak,.X,
deeply obliquely eut and sharply bidentate, | N ?
the slender awns abruptly reflexed. Achene!
linear-obovoid, continuous with the slender
flexuous style. Stigmas 3, short.
114. c. Collinsii Nutt. Culm 1.5-6 dm. tall,
oo smooth: leaf-blades thin, soft, 2-5
wide: crag spike short- or long-
pedoneed, T mm. long: o MU
t,
St
scales lanceolate, T the length of the p
gynia, short awned, duda ak igyniu ae
subulate, 8-14 mm. long, 1-2 mm. thick, light- green, ead or reflexed at
maturity, readily detached, nu diae g d smooth beak ER the
length of body, the teeth one der 1.5-2 mm. long, strongly reflexed.—In the
most wet sphagnum in deep shade in densely “wooded very acid ( alas ue
cedar) swamps, Coastal Plain and rarely more N provinces, Ga. to R. I.—Sum
XXXIV. FOLLICULATAE Mackenzie. Cespitose. Culm su men
Minor da Leaf-blades flat, septate-nodu Ape yellowish-green. Terminal spike
stam ateral spikes 3—4, pistilla androgynous, erect, 5—15-flowered.
Bo E sheathing. Scales 3- MER SN Perigynium at length more or
less spreading, yellowish-green at iA ! |
many-nerved, subcoriaceous, sparingly in-
flated, contraeted into the long ident ate
RY H
beak, the teeth scarcely spreading. Achene | N > = <|
triangular, obovoid, continuous with the Yes P d
p D EE ee ~
slender flexuous see. Stigmas 3, short. Ps V b^ TES
115. C. Smalliana Mackenzie. Culm 4— NAE
tal, smooth or nearly so, som a aaa fibril-\\\Yi4 AA
lose at Mes leaf- Bios 3.5-12 mm. wide: WAYA
staminate spike short-peduncled, pr em. 273€ 7,
long: pistillate spikes 1-3, widely separate, ze AN
.0—2.5 em. long, 2-3 em. wide, 8-20-flowered,
the upper short- and the lower long-pe-
duncled: bracts leaf- like: pn ium 10-
14 mm. long, deep-green, or at matur-
232 CYPERACEAE
ity yellowish-green, rni many- ben rounded at base, gradually tapering
into the beak, the teeth 0.5-1 m [C. folii culata australis o ND
Swamps and vet woods, in acid M "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S
Spr.-early su
116. x e L. Culm 3-12 dm. tall, smooth, fibrillose at base: leaf-
eras 6-16 mm. wide: a d spike peduncle ed, 2 .0 em. long: pistillate
, 1.5-2.5 em. long, 1. em. 5
the ee ’ short- and the low er long- media se gue “bracts leaf-like: perigynium
10- pe . long, yellowish-green, many-nerved, rounded at base, tapering into
the r SEEN beak, the teeth 1 mm. long.—Sw oiu mod in piii M
various provinces, N. C. and Tenn. to Mich. and Newf.—Late spr—
XXXV. VESICARIAE Tuckerm. Culm mostly tall and stout, leafy below.
Leaves not hairy, septate-nodulose. Spikes 2-10, the upper 1—5 staminate, the
others normally pistillate, subglobose to linear- ipie edu elosely many-
flowered, erect, short-peduncled, more or less r Bracts leaf-like, much
Htec n e inflorescence, normally sheathless. pais iibro spread-
ing, even reflexed, membranaceous, smooth, from little to much inflated,
Bur eus in cross-section, coarsel
many-ribbed or nerveless, contracted
continuous with the usually tortuous
tigmas
117. bó bullata Sehk. Culm 4-10 dm.
tall, sharply triangular, rough above,
veddtich: -pur ple-tinged and filamentose
ide:
pistillate spikes 1—3, widely separate,
n ng- n 2-5 em. long, 12-15
wide, 20—40 flowered, apo bé dpa. or sessile: dels leaf-like: scales
ovate, Y 1, eng of perigynia, aeute or obtusish: perigynium rd ovoid,
5-9 ong, 3 mm. thi ae do er pps green, strongly about 10 -nerved,
abruptly peaked the "bea r less roughened, the slender p eth 0.5-1
m. long. modd mpy acid Er, Coastal "Plain and New England Coast, Ga.
to Me.
eb C. Elliottii Schw. & Torr. Culm 2.5-9 dm. tall, slender, somewhat rough-
above: leaf-blades 1.5-5 mm. wide, yong the basal sheaths purplish:
retary ate spike slender-peduncle d, 2—4 long: pistillate spikes 2-3, the
upper approximate, the lower widely mind suborbieular, 12-18 mm. in diam-
eter, 10-20-flowered: bracts vun ied api less than "half length of peri-
gynia, ovate, obtusish or acute: perigynium ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. thick, strongly
about 10-nerved, green, cu into the slightly serrulate or smooth strongly
bidentate beak, 1.5-3 mm. long — i in acid soils, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Spr.-early su
119. C. lurida Wahl. Culm 1.5-10 dm. tall, little roughened above, purplish-
red at base: leaf-blades 2-7 mm. wide: staminate Spike 1-7 em. long, short- or
long- eund pistillate spikes 1—4, 1-7.5 em. long, very variable in size,
densely many-flowered, va rying from sessile (the upper sometimes) to long-
SATE (ihe lower): perigynium ovoid, 6-9 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide,
CYPERACEAE 233
spreading-ascending, ee strongly about d Mae tapering de Nos
long s "cd a or P sh beak, the teeth 0.5-1 mm. lon ng. [Car
tricma (Fl U. S) n Muhl.]— —Swam py meadows pe nd woods, peret
without any prudens ae soil preferences, various provinces, Fla.
Min nn., and N. S.—(Mez.)—Sum.-early fall.
120. C. Baileyi Brit. Culm 2-7 dm. tall, ped to base, roughened above,
strongly purplish-red at base: le d blades 2—4 m. wide: staminate spike 1.5-3
, peduncled: pis stillate spikes 1-4 c UE densely 20—40-flowered,
Se or peduncled: perigynium ovoid, 5-7 Sen wide, squarrose,
straw-col ut
beak about length of body, the teeth 0.5 mm. long— Swampy meadows and bogs,
Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, Tenn. to Va., Vt., and N. H.—Sum
XXXVI. PSEUDO-CYPEREAE Tuckerm. Culm tall, generally stout, acutely
angled, leafy below. Leaf-blades flat, septate-nodulose. Spikes 3-9, the upper
1-3 slender, staminate, the others normally pistillate, densely flowered, the
upper approximate, the lower remote and strongly peduncled, often noddin
Braets leaf-like, much exceeding the culm, mostly not sheathing. Pistillate
scales aristate. Perigynium spreading or reflexed, membranous or stiff, tri-
angular or circular in cross-section 8
pM NC RAN
ERE
: pinra NN
m. long, alo osely many-ribbed, gre RCM Wi oO
straw-color, smooth, stipitate, contracted Satity, ^ "n
iq AP: f
into a ridged, slender beak. Achene tri- k
angular, continuous with the slender often
flexuous style. Stigmas 3, short
121. C. comosa Boott. Cespitose and ,
not stoloniferous, the culm 5-15 dm NS
Bes) stout, light- ‘brownish a K o rough-
above: leaf-blades wide:
is ii spike slen nder ped uncled, the
-4,
ify fi
EN,
HARA
Ü
it CU a
asc)
2,75:
es
very rough-awned: perigynium rigid, greenis sh or brownish-tinged, reflexed
ipu pupa 5-7 mm. long, many-ribbed, the beak smooth, the awns spread-
ing, 1.5-2 mm. long.—(BOoTTLE-BRUSH SEDGE. )—Open swamps, in calcareous or
neutral oie. various a Fla. to La. , Minn. and Que.; also Calif. to
Wash. and Ida.—Sum
122. C. gether Dewey. Culm pe from creeping n 2.5-7.5
dm. tall, smooth: leaf-blades 5-10 mm. wide, yellow-gre staminate spike
solitary, ander uci Dare > spikes 2- 9, n e appro aa. nar-
dd n , 2.5-9 e ong, ick, many-flowered: epus es rough-
: per igynium OV oid, 5 7m (n tp Ea r co hare! several ribbed, Mp
boal 21 —Swamps and bogs, Mi a districts, various provinces N of Coastal
Plain, Tenn. to Mo., N Mich., and Vt.—Sum —An extre emely e species.
VII. SQUARROSAE Carey. e or stoloniferous. Culm leafy.
S blades flat, septate-nodulose. Terminal spike staminate or gynaecandrous.
Lateral spikes 1-5, pistillate or gynaec androus, ovoid to oblong- enc. poe
several-nerved, membranaceous, very abruptly truncately contracted into a
234 CYPERACEAE
bidentate beak. Achene triangular, con-
1 :
an m e e Nea:
tinuous with the flexuous style. Stigmas isis. a 5
three, short.
roA TAREE
.123. C. Frankii Kunth. Culm a very
leafy, 1-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades 3 -10 mm
reme "m
dus TIBET
wide: staminate spike peduncled or nearly |
sessile: pistillate spikes 3- 7, cylindrie, |
erect, 1—4 ng, 8- thick, very [5
densely many-flowered, the lower slender | ii
peduneled: scales linear , very Uu
rough: perigynium squarrose, g , 4-5 i
, 2-2.5 mm. thick, obeonie, with
a depresse ed summit from which arises the
m pe n beak. MN stenolepis
Torr.]—Open mps and wet meadows,
in calcareous districts, s. oui provinces ‘rarely “Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Mo.,
Il., W N. Y. and S Pa. — Sum
124. C. eda L. Culm 3-9 dm. tall, n rough above: leaf-blades
elonga wide: spikes 1-3, usually ere erect, peduncled, exceedingly dense,
the mis QUIC m 1-3 cm. lon ng, ius 22 m Ms ick, the uppermost conspicu-
ously dd at base: perigyni squarrose r the lower Pus obovoid,
4—5 mm. long, 3 mm. thick, emu green, b or ng tawny, few-nerved, trun-
cately contracted into the subulate minutely bidentate beak: achene ee oval,
3 mm. long, flat-sided, tapering into the stout per d flexuous style.—Swampy
Ud. in acid soils, various provinces, N. C. Ark., Nebr., Mich., and
—Sum.
Que.
125. C. typhina Michx. Culm 3-9 = tall, ded d rough above: leaf-
blades elongate, 3.5—10 mm. wide: spikes 1—6, usually 3, erect, peduncled, very
dense, the pistillate tae ion 1.2—4.5 em. long, 8-16 mm. thick. often staminate
at both ends: perigynium ascending or the lower spreading or reflexed, obovoid,
e
ak: achene obovoid, 2.5 mm. , the sides concave, tipped with the sle E
style which is straight below. [C. typhinoides Sehw.]— iini SE woods,
calcareous districts, various provinces, Ga. to L pes Que.—
II. LUPULINAE Tuckerm. Culm stout and leafy. Leaf-blades flat,
U
XXXV
strongly septate-nodulose. pper 1-3 spikes staminate, linear. Lateral spikes
d" pistillate, or staminate at apex,
nsely several-many-flowered. ^ Braets
a or lowest more or less an
ing. Perigynium large, 10-20 mm. long,
green, ovoid, strongly ribbed or "nerved.
membranaceous or subcoriaceous, taper-
ing to the deeply bidentate beak. Achene
triangular, continuous with the style.
Stigmas 3, short
126. C. intumescens Rudge. Cespitose,
. the eulm 3-10 dm. tall, slender, red-
dish-purple at base; leaf-blades elon-
gate, dull-green: staminate spike usually
long-peduneled: pistillate spikes 1-3, '
CYPERACEAE . 2385
sessile or short-peduncled: perigynium spreading or upper ones erect,
mm. long, 3.5-8 mm. thick, many-nerved, contracted into the subulate bidentate
ms the teeth nearly erect. "er "Woods in acid soils, various provinces,
o Tex., Man., and Newf.—Spr.—fall.
127. C. Asa-Grayi Bailey. oe the culm 3-10 dm. tall, are ens
strongly reddish-purple at base: f-blades elongate, light-green: staminate
spike usually long-peduncled: pista spikes 1—2, sessile or noe -peduneled
perigynium spreading, 12-18 mm. long, 6-7 mm. thick, glabrous or his spidulous,
many-nerved, contracted into fis subulate bidentate beak, the teeth oe
spreading or erect.—Rich alluvial ion in ealeareous distriets, various pro
inces, Ga. to Mo., Mich., and Que
128. C. louisianica Bailey. Culm 2-6 dm. tall, slender, smooth or nearly so:
dpi pins solitary, long-peduneled: pistillate spikes 1-4, about 2-3. 5 em.
long, 1.5-2.5 em. thick, the lower slender-peduneled: scales ovate - uo ne
half length of. perigynia, sharp-pointed: perigynium ovoid, mm.
4—6 mm. thick, smooth, strongly-nerved, contracted into the oe ae e
the teeth mostly s slightly spre ading.—Swampy woods, in acid soils, Coastal
Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., W Mo., Ind. and N. J—Sm m.
129. C. lupulina Muhl. Culm 3-12 dm. tall, stout, smooth: _Staminate spike
shorter ae perigynia; Pn nium laneeolate-ovoid, 10-20 mm. long, 4—
thiek, ma erved, contracted into the subulate bidentate beak, the teeth
more or ie spreadin oe OP-SEDGE.)—Swamps, various provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Ia., Minn., Que., and N. B.—Sum.
. gigantea Rudge. Culm 4-10 dm e NEC _leaf- blades 7-16 mm.
—5, ped-
uneled or the upper sessile, 2-8 em. long, 2.5-3 em. een ensely many-flow-
red: scales lanceolate, pun "e length of rn acuminate or awned:
perigynium lanceolate, much swollen at base, 12-18 mm. long, 4-6 mm.
thick, many-nerved, d into the very long subulate beak, the teeth
(e r less spreading.— Open swamps in a on Coastal Plain and
adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ky., and Del.—
The nin species included in Fl. SE. U. S. have been omitted be-
cause no evidence has been found that they occur within our area: dr
ed Muhl., C. hystricina Muhl., C. vestita Willd., **C. filiformis L’
(C. lasiocarpa Ehrh.), C. hirta L., C. gracillima Schw. 6. "n d
C. Sartwellu Dewey, C. interior Baile ey, C. hormath odes Fernald (C. tenera
authors); and the following AM been omitted o found only in territory
covered by above mentioned Flora, but not by this: Carex planostachys Kunz ze,
C. filifolia Nutt., **C. gravida “Bailey,” C. Brittoniana Bailey, C. hyalina
Boott, C. Bicknelli Britton.
22. CYMOPHYLLUS Mackenzie. Perennial Da with short rootstocks
and culms flattened in drying. Culms with four to six overlapping striate
bla o sheaths and after flowering N one large blade-bearing leaf
without sheath, ligule, or midrib, and with undulate margins appearing
minutely serrulate. Spike one, SU NE androgynous, the flowers monoecious,
226 ARECACEAE
solitary in the axils of the scales. Perianth none. Staminate flower of three
stamens, the filaments filiform. Pistillate flower of a single pistil, with ovary,
style, and three or very rarely four uide
enveloped by a bladder-like perigyni
Achene triangular. Racheola often ps
veloped. |
1. C. Fraser ( 4 Mackenzie. Culm
smocth, weak, 1.5—4.5 dm. tall: leaf-blade
1.5-6 dm. lo ,
than perigyni obtuse to acute: peri-
ipa elliptic od milk-white, 5-6 mm.
ng, mm. thick, thin, ne]
lon
nerved, d with a short. nearly trun
eak. ie arex ierat — J—(UILyY- es SEDGE.)—Rich woods, Appalachian
provinces, S. o Tenn., W. Va., and S Va.—Late spr.-sum.—The phylogenetic
position of this un is ENS obscure. It has no near relatives
OnpER ARECALES — AnECAL ORDER
Shrubs or trees, typically with a single terminal bud, but the stem
sometimes branching, the branches erect or diffuse. Leaves aggregated at
the end of the stem: blades plaited, pinnate, or flabellate. Flowers per-
fect, polygamous, or dioecious, on axillary compound spadices. Perianth
of 6 fleshy members in 2 series. Androecium of 6, or 9-12 stamens.
Gynoecium of 3 distinct or united carpels. Fruit drupaceous or baccate.
Famity d. ARECACEAE — Patm FAMILY
Stem, and branches, with a crown of leaves. Leaf-blades flabellate
or A and plaited, or pinnate, the segments induplicate or
reduplicate, long-petioled. Inflorescence at first included in a large braet
(spathe), from which it ultimately protrudes, borne in the crown of leaves
or on the stem below it, the usually copious branching of the spadix most >
evident in fruit. Perianth white, yellowish, or greenish.—About 150-
. genera and 1,200 species, most abundant in the tropies.
. Leaves with pinnate blades, the divisions often separated,
sometimes clustered. I. PINNATAE.
Leaves with simple lob
vu ge: ith partial mi and partly pinnately
bed, thus pinnately flabellate. II. PINNATIPALMATAE. |
Leaf-blades without midrib, palmately veined and lobed, |
thus flabellate III. PALMATAE.
I.
rupe 3, united, or sometimes 1 or 2 = iene seed
ort and thick, not grooved on one side: leaf-seg- |
e um reduplicate.
|
ARECACEAE 237
Leaves with short bases: spadices protruding from the
n of leaves: drupe orange-searlet or green
Stamens a drupe Re with the style,
or stigmas, terminal: see ow. 1. Cocos.
rini ns precor : drup e lobular or 2- or 3-lobed,
with the style, or € igmas, nearly basal: seed
soli 2. PSEUDOPHOENIX.
olid.
Leaves with long sheathing bases clothing the upper
art of the trunk: spadices borne on the trunk far
v the crown of leaves: drupe violet-purple. 3. ROYSTONEA.
Carpels 3, distinet: seed long and narrow, grooved on one
side: leaf-segments induplicate. 4. PHOENIX.
PINNATIPALMATAE
Plants with subterranean or erect stems: leaf-blades fan-
like, but with the midrib running up into the blade. 5. SABAL.
IIT. PAL
Leaves with unarmed sheaths : flowers perfect: cer val-
vate: style present: drupe glabro
Calyx and corolla united into a 6- lobed or truncate peri-
Drupe with white flesh: endosperm even: spadix
fruit.
elongate in flower and 6. THRINAX.
saad hie dark hung endosperm ruminate : spadix
permanently very shor 7. COCCOTHRINAX.
Calyx nd pues distinct and manifestly in 2 series.
n s elongate: seed elongate. 8. SERENOA.
Anthers didymous : seed depres 9. PAUROTIS.
Leaves with armed sheaths: flowers polygamo- ii
petals imbricate; styles wanting: drupe pubesc 10. RHAPIDOPHYLLUM.
1. COCOS L. Unarmed trees, except for some long needle-like structures
mostly hidden in the leaf-sheath. Leaves spreading in all directions: blades
pinnate. Spadix ultimately drooping, relatively short. Sepals and petals of
the staminate flowers valvate, those of the pistillate flowers imbricate, much
enlarged and persistent on the fruit. Drupe 3-angled, with a fibrous pericarp
and a hard endocarp, the poA with
a large cavity which contains a fluid.—
single species, the following, now widely
distributed in tropical regions.
1. C. nucifera L. Stately tree up to 30
tall, the pun often with a inu
swollen inclined or Jec Ben e: leaf-
blades 3-7 m. lo e qn bend ;
ng: perian nth of 2
"S
5-10 dm. lon ate
flower fully 1 em. long, that r p pes
larger: drupe 5d or ovoid, 2-3 dm. long,
"
=
a water h later pada ilky.—
(COCONUT. COCO-PALM.) res un shore hammocks, pen. 2 and i Keys.
of the Malayan or Indo- Paci e region.—( W. I., Mex., C. A., S. 0. W.
p.) —The coconut-palm pro duces adds divis a frequent 3 pn nue flow-
ers End several generations of fruits are bor e time. Approxi-
mately nine Sa are pape ed to matur a Ma D du ave "been native
on the Fla. Keys, but most of x quent un were planted or are
the ee, Of planted tre Now grown Occ in Fla., “but o only
to supply the demand for lore IRI purpose
238 ARECACEAE
2. PSEUDOPHOENIX H. Wendl. Unarmed trees, the trunk rather
smooth and Micro rad banded. Leaves E blades pinnate: petioles
eoneave througho adix spreading d
anthesis, hos ate, with stiff- ho dins
baise Petals valvate, persistent. Drupe
dg ent globular or 2- or 3-lobed.—Only
he following species Tuba
1. P. vinifera (Mart.) Becc. Tree up to 8
m. tall, the trunk often slightly fusiform:
leaf- blades 1-1.5 m. long, the larger oe,
4—4. . lon le
dm. long: perianth about wide:
petals oblong to lags S cada Pd cd in
age: drupe globular, lobed, 11-14
mm. long, orange ae [P Sar gent zi
H. Wendl.]—(SaRGENT'S-PALM. BUCANEER-
PALM. Hog CABBAGE-PALM. DATELET. DUMMY-DATE.)—Dry o upper
Fla. Keys.—(W. I.)—Spr. —Plants slow-growing. Fou nd only on Sand’s Key,
Elliott’s Key, and Long Key, as solitary specimens or few Docs eo
The colony of Sa hundred individu als on Long Key, where this palm wa
di Rc n Fla. nearly a half century ago, has ids destroyed by bis
who have oed the | trees and sold them as royal-pal
3. ROYSTONEA O. F. Cook. Unarmed trees, the trunk gray, concrete-
like, not conspicuously banded. Leaves spreading: blades pinnate: petiole
nearly terete above. Spadix drooping, short,
wit
es.
valvate, deciduous. Drupe sessile, not lobed,
short.—About six species, natives of trop-
ical America.
1. R. regia (H. B. K.) O. F. Cook. Stately
tree up to 40 m. tall, the pale, smooth trunk
often fusiform: Qu blades 2.5—3.5 m. long,
the larger segments 7-9 dm. long: peri-
anth of the staminate flowers 6-7 mm. long,
that of the seco barely a as large:
drupe oval or a MALE 12-1 ee
violet-blue. oes regia m K.
d O. F. ole.]— (RovA
E
M.)—
w ha amok oy in the Everglades n Sable oo and Big Cypress,
d pen. Fla.—(W. I.)—Spr.—Plants fast- idi ing. Now confined to limited
areas in S Fla., the royal-palm once grew o the St. John's R. near Lake George.
Apparently a vanishing type in Fla. The fruits which are mns in great
masses were an aboriginal food. Much planted as an ornamental
4. PHOENIX L. Shrubs or trees, the stems rough but unarmed. Leaves
in a dense crown, reeurved-spreading: petioles short: blades pinnate, the divi-
sions numerous. Spadix erect, or ultimately drooping, arising from the leaf-
axils, fastigiately branched. Flowers dioecious, the staminate ones larger than
ARECACEAE 239
the pistillate. Calyx cup- like, shallowly 3-lobed, the lobes broad. Petals 3,
much lo than the calyx. Stamens mostly 6: anthers narrow. Carpels 3,
distinct. Berry terete, with a fleshy peri-
carp, phi orange, brown, or black.—About
a dozen species, mostly natives of tropical
ia
1. P. dactylifera L. Stem stout, irregu-
ea roughened by the persistent leat. agen
ous, spreading, the r part
of ie d spiny; divisions stiff, the la
ones about the middle of the rachis, pale
green: spadix Pis en drooping, much
shorter than the leav petals of
a. flowers ovate, een times longer
alyx:
40 mm.
long, Oe S oe mocks, coastal dunes, and about
dwellings, S Fla.—Nat N Afr. and Arabia. — Spr. —A food- -plant of the first
importance, Eun in der countries. Grown as an ornamental.
5. SABAL Adans. Unarmed shrubs, with horizontal or contorted root-
stocks, or trees. Leaves upright or spreading: blades flabellate, glabrous.
eadin men :
pressed.—Spr.-sum.—PALMETTOS. ABBAGE-TREES.—A bout 18 species, natives
of southeastern United States, the West Indies, and continental tropical
America
A flat, the segments not filiferous, the midrib short or only partiy E
nto the blade, the ligule short and rounded or ovate: spadix erect or ascendin
the inflorescence slender e more or less interrupted : anthers
ovoid. (Subgenus sr L.) I. MINORES.
Leaf-blades recurved and with the sides more or less folded along
e stout midrib which extends nearly or quite through the
blade except in S. Jamesiana, the se ments filiferous, the
ligule lanceolate: spadix spreading or drooping, the inflores-
cence thick, dense, and continuous: anthers ellipsoid. (Sub-
genus INODES.) II. PALMETTONES.
I. MINORES
Stem (rootstock) subterranean: leaves in a crown arising from
id.
the ground: ee als ellipsoi 1. S. minor.
Stem ereet: I in a crown terminating a stout trunk: petals
suborbicula 2. S. Deeringiana.
II. PALMETTONES
Stem Meagan subterranean, short, S-shaped or more or less
Spir I upe subglobose or depressed, mostly over 1.5 cm. in
oo
diam . S. Etonia.
Stem Ri up to 20 tall E more: drupe subglobose, mostly
less than 1 cm. in dia
Leaf- blades ure ree stro ngly so, with the sides more
or less strongly folded along the midrib; the segments stiff,
longer nen the undivided part. of the blade, copiously
ney
filife . S. Palmetto.
Leaf-blades straight, fiat, the segments limber, Se than .
ndivided part of the blade, sparingly filifero 5. S. Jamesiana.
240 ARECACEAE
1. S. minor (Jaeq.) Pers. Rootstock ei dd
or del curved: leaf-blades glaucous
pale-green, the segments sparingly if
all Aliferous, the midrib very short: spadix
mo branched at long intervals, 1-2 m
long, erect or ascending at maturity: petals
n dia
M " UE-STE
or sometimes rocky, run along streams,
cs pr
.—More ane
2. S. MCN Small. Tree up to 8 m. tall: leaves spreading in all direc-
tions, up to 3 m. long: blades a , deep- green, the oe oe
the midrib extending i to à the length of ‘the blade: spadix elongate , EP to 5
ur
ds | 8-9 mm.
broad.—(DELTA-PALMETTO. PALMETTO-WITH-A-STEM.)—Flat a alluvial places,
along the lower Mississippi Dou. and lakes, S La. |
3. S. Etonia Swingle. Rootstock S-shaped and more or less spiral: leaves
erect or ascending, dee No re filiferous: spadix closely branched,
5-8 dm . long, often prostrate at n petals 3-3.5 mm. long: drupes 15—20 |
: ds 10—18 broad. aca
, ALMETTO. SCRUB
pen. Fla.—The leaves ho usually less than half as large as those of the follow-
ing speeies, as well as relatively shorter-petiole The bud is eaten like cab-
bage. The stem is et imes so strongly spiral that the plant is known as
CORKSCREW-PALM.
4. S. Palmetto (Walt.) Todd. Tree up to 20 m. tall: — spreading in
all directions, 2-3 m. long; blades often wider aia long: spadix 1-2 m.
ong: drupes lea aes . in pi seed E depressed,
less than 8 mm. broad.—(CABB bo CABBAGE-PALMETT CABBAGE-PALM.
—Prairies, mode. inelands, and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to islands
off the coast of N. C—(W. I.)—Almost ubiquito us in pen. Fla. where it
grows not only in wet and dry T es, but in all kinds of soil and in fresh,
sulphur, and salt waters. Rare on n the upper Florida Keys: abundant on som
f the lower keys. The fruits were an aboriginal food. The Seminoles use
S
organizations as amulets. Within and near its range much planted as an orna-
mental. The plant of the Everglade Keys has been described as Inodes
Swartzii O. F. Cook, but does not appear i be distinct. The exact aa ue
- the genus of S. Adansonii ? megacarpa as cited above, is uncerta It
age. W n
it is conspecific with S. Etonia or merely a juvenile condition of S. Palmetto.
is Jamesiana Small. Tree up to 5 m. tall, the stout, often inclined trunk
1-3 m. tall, usually elothed with EUM persistent leaf-bases: leaves loosely
spreading in all directions, mostly 2—4 m. long; blades longer than wide, mostly
1-1.5 mm. long, flat, the very numerous (70—100) segments much shorter than
the undivided part of a Dd sparingly cate pug about 1 m. lon
drupes depressed, abou n dia eed 7.5-8.5 mm. broad, no
depressed.—High ee Everglade "Koye S pen. Fla.
3—4 mm.
p with thick flesh. rE. goce Sarg.]
ARECACEAE 241
AX L. Unarmed trees. Leaves with flabellate blades pale or
akei? scurfy beneath, and smooth petioles; the leaf-segments rather stiff:
spadix relatively long, often decidedly elongate, erect or ascending in an-
dix
thesis, the branches pn at intervals on a long spadix. Stamens mostly 6:
filaments united at the base. Style concave or flat. Drupe ivory-white.—
bout 12 species of E America.— THATCH-PALMS. EF-THATCHES.
Flowers, and fruits, on slender pedicels: sepals and petals united mo an oor rey
lobed or truncate cup: filaments subulate. . T. parviflora
Flowers, and fruits, on stout disk-like pedicels : sepals em pens
partly united, the lobes acute: filaments nearly triangular. 2. T. microcarpa.
1. T. parviflora Sw. Slender tree up to 9 m. tall: leaves with relatively short
stiff petioles; blades T 9— bea e wide, yellowish-green above: pedicels
ong: drupe
LORIDA THATCH-PALM.)—-Hammocks and
ici shores, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—
(W. I.)—Spr.—First detected in Florida
ra = o o treated and made
cial house palms for PET
eee. Plants a metimes referred t
Cuban T. Wendlandiana seem to As dere
2, T. microcarpa Sarg. Stout tree up to 10 m. tall: leaves with long pliable
petioles; blades 10 dm. wide or more, usually pale-green above: pedicels dd
)
disks: drupe 3-6 mm. in diameter, with thin fle UMS RITTLE-THATCH. )—Pin
lands, hammocks, and sandy shores, p Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—Sp
The status of T.keyensis Sarg. (KEY-THATCH) is b ful. The assigned diag-
Er a elongate spadices and large (5-6 mm.) fruits—together
mock habitat, may, upon further ee prove it to be entitled to
ner aes
7. COCCOTHRINAX Sarg. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves with
flabellate blades we or pale- fare beneath, and smooth petioles; the leaf-
segments pliable and somewhat in
Spadix relatively short, nodding, the: ae
congested on a short spadix. MR
mostly 9: filaments distinet or nearly
Style funnelform. Drupe black o P UD
black—About 10 species, West Yadian.
1. C. argentea (Lodd.) Sarg. Shrub or
small tree up to 8 m. tall: leaf-blades 2-8
dm. broad, with the ligule 1-1.5 em. broad:
spa ix d g: mature pedicels 1-2
ng: drupe 7—10 mm. th Thrinax
oS Lodd. C. jucunda Sarg ]—(S1
ISCAYNE-PALM.)— ine-
lands pude in hammocks, Everglade Keys and Cape Sable, Fla. pud ges
Keys.—(W. I.)—Spr., or other seasons following forest fires.—C. Garberi
16
249. JA ARECACEAE
( iR s is à stunted form at the northern end of its natural range,
r Mia The most graceful of our smaller palms. On the mainland e
fined to the Cape Sable region, the Everglade Keys, and to the lower E d
dunes where seeds have been carried by migratory birds.
8. SERENOA Hook. Armed shrubs or trees. Leaves RU or spread-
ing: blades flabellate, cordate at the base: petioles armed with short recurve ed
spines along their edges. Stamens unequal, those opposite the petals with
the broader filaments. Drupe and seed ellipsoid or oval.—One speci
1. S. repens Cage Small, Shrub with simple or branched stems, or a tree
the trunk 7 m. tall or less, or pei nie leaf-blades suborbieular,
green or glau eh 3-8 dm. broad, cordat
at the bri petioles frm Zl ines: petals
4—4. mm. long.
[S. deerit ped * giook. o -PAL-
METTO. )—Hammocks, pinelands, serub, sand-
dunes, and savanna ahs, Coastal Plain, Fla, to
La. and S. C.—Spr.—Thi s palm oce upies a
larg? range of habitats. alo ong ps eastern
eoast of Florida and 1n the serub, the foliage
is eel o but i in other localities it
is green. Plants vary greatly in size. The
stem norma X ereeping and copiously
rooted pd the under side. Sometimes, how-
ever, single plants or colonies have oblique
to erect stems rooted only at the base. el
trary to the habit of most of our palms
stems Es pag aed much-branched. the ae were an important aboriginal
food. are used in medicine. a e m a source of tannic-acid ex-
tract. The flowers are an important s of honey. The deep-red fibrous
uds at the bases of the petioles are noticeable = when the bud is pulled
apart.
9. PAUROTIS O. F. Cook. Armed shrubs or trees. Leaves spreading:
blades flabellate: petioles with mostly upeurved spines. Spadix elongate, pro-
jecting beyond the leaves, with separated branches. Stamens equal or essen-
tially so, the filaments broad. Stigmas ter-
minal. Drupe globular, glabrous. Seed de-
pressed. [Acoeloraphe H. Wendl.]—One
species.
I Ps hib ois (Griseb.) Britton. Shrub
with many stems, or a tree, the trunks rarely
solitary or several, or very m y together,
up to 12 m. tall or less: leaf. Dg half-
orbieular orbieular, 5-10 dm. broad,
sometimes Buc at the base, the segments
slenderly oe lara with flat orange
spines: petals abou m. long: drupe 8-10
m r
—(SAW-CABBAGE-PALM. | CUBAN-PALM. uu and low savannahs, Big
Cypress and S Everglades, Fla.—(W. I.)—Spr.—Di = ers from our other palms
in the extensive underground stem-sys ae ‘which supports a colony of tall
slender often closely placed erect branches. The pee of pap red
ARACEAE 243
fruits are very a aa suggesting tongues of flame extending out from
tne crown of leave
PIDOPHYLLU M H. Wendl. & Drude. Armed shrubs. Leaves
"m vum flabellate, silvery beneath, the lobes without marginal fibers:
petioles rough-edged, with sheaths of interwoven spines and fibers. Spadix
erect, slightly exserted from the imbrieate involucre. CAM. flowers about
half as large as the pistillate. Stigmas s introrse, slightly curved. Drupe of a
ed type, or 2-lobed or 3-lobed, hirsute. ay the following ies
kno
1. R. Hys strix (Fraser) H. Wendl. Shrub with short erect or spreading stems,
the rootstock proliferous: leaf-sheaths persistent, the fibers fine, the ri igid
needle-like spines erect, mostly 14 dm
long: leaf-blades 5-7 dm. in diameter, seurfy
beneath: spadix stout, 1-2.5 dm. lon ng,
densely A E ovate a orbicular
anthers 2 mm. long, exserted, longer than
the filaments: e ovoid or globular,
15-20 mm. in diameter, red, persistent.—
-( NEEDLE-PALM. BLUE-PALMETTO. VEGETABLE-
PORCUPINE.)—Swamps and hammocks, rarely
on dry rocks, S Plain and rarely
and S. C.—
Spr. —Remarkable en for ‘its vin ans
and short spadix. The spadix remain
short that the fruits are mostly ane
and held in the cluster of ig and
needles. | Stolons from the caudex - T
to maintain the species which otherwise
would soon be reduced as a result of the scant propagation by seeds. Fre-
quently planted.
OrpER ARALES — ARAL ORDER
Perennial, frequently bog or aquatie herbs; in Lemnaceae, mere float-
ing thalloid bodies. Leaves mainly basal. Flowers complete or incom-
plete, borne on a spadix accompanied by a spathe, or in Lemnaceae 1 or
few in a pouch in the plant-body. Perianth inconspicuous or wanting.
Fruit baccate or utricular.
Plants terrestrial or aquatic, with ue flowers on a spadix, this sometimes D a
by or partly enclosed in a spa Fam.1. ARAC
iens reduced to small floating thalloid struetures, with one
Fam. 2. LEMNACEAE.
FawiLvx 1. | ARACEAE — Arum FAMILY
Fleshy mostly acaulescent plants. Leaves with simple or divided
blades. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Perianth. of 4
scale-like members, or wanting. Androecium of 4-10 stamens. Gynoe-
244 ARACEAE
eium of 1 carpel, or of several united carpels. Fruit a pii or a utricle.
—About 100 genera and 900 species, mostly in tropical regions
Rooted per plants: pistillate flowers several or many.
Fl erfect: perianth of several scale-like parts.
x borne t Jaterally on the leaf-like
sc ae arsh-plan Tribe I. ACOREAE.
Spadix terminating the clavate or cylindric fleshy
quatic plants. Tribe II. ORONTIEAE.
Flowers monoeciou us or dioecious: perianth wanting.
Le ds des entire: axis of the spadix completely
red with flowers Tribe III. PELTANDREAE.
Leaf- blades 3-many-divided : axis of the spadix
ved a Tribe IV. AREAE
Floating uc antis pistillate flower solitary. ribe V. PISTIEAE.
I. ACOREAE
s plants e ensiform leaves: E a mere flat prolonga-
on of the s -1. ACORUS.
II. ORONTIEAE
Spadix naked, merely subtended by a deciduous spathe, narrowly
eonic, yellow. 2. ORONTIUM.
Spadix surrounded by a fleshy persistent spathe, globular, green. 3. SPATHYEMA.
TANDR
III. AE
Scapose herbs with sagittate or hastate I due spathe green
or with a white blade. 4. PELTANDRA.
IV. AREAE
o ud palmately divided: D convolute below, with a
dilat Duce ood above: spadix include D. ARISAEMA.
Leaf-bl ped pedately md spathe eonvolute throughout or
slightly dilated at the tip: spadix with a long-exserted
lender tip 6. MURICAUDA.
/. PISTIEAE
Floating plants: leaves imbricated on a Short caudex: spadix ad-
nate to the spathe. 7. PISTIA.
1. ACORUS L. Herbs with aromatic rootstocks. Leaves with narrowly
linear blades. Spadix lateral, o ate, at the base of us linear spathe.
Flowers perfect. Perianth of sige |
narrow cones members: oe didy-
cro Two spe-
cies, one additional to the following in
Japan.
A. Calamus L. Rootstoek horizontal:
lea 5-20 . tall, aed pli scape
dieci the 2n spathe erect: spadix
ong.— :
FLAG- oon )—Low rounds, meadows, an
marshes, en provine p Fla. to Tex.
Ida. On W.)—Spr.-
sum. — Both plants and habit of growth resemble irises.
ARACEAE 245
ORONTIUM L. Aquatic herbs. Leaves with relatively narrow blades.
sd terminal, elongate, subtended by the thin spathe, the scape elongate,
pliable, soon weak, and prostrate. Flowers
didymous. Ovary much-depressed. Fruits
not immersed.—One species.
1. O.aquaticum L. Rootstock deeply buried
mend uen 2-10 em. long.—(GOLDEN-CLUB.
tiri i WATER-DOCK. | NEVER-WET.
FIRE-LEAF.)—Swamps, ponds, or d
various T Fla. to La., Tenn., and
Mass.—Spr.—The bluish- T pos irides-
cent leaves shed water the baek of
a duck. The bluish- d oo and the golden spadices are a combination quite
unique in our flora
3. SPATHYEMA. Raf. Coarse herbs. Leaves with cordate blades, the
petioles, and the scapes, partially underground. Spadix ellipsoid or globular,
enclosed in the thic k c ochleate, colored
an
Anthers reniform. Gynoecium conic.
Fruits immersed in the subglobose spa-
dix.—One species.
1. S. foetida (L.) R Plants dud :
scented, glabrous: s blades 2-5 dm "
long, ofte n 3 dm. broad: sepals ereet, o
ainly su anea athe seated o jr
È
=
Cir ot
EC es
ws
ruit-head persistent, 9-15 em. in diam-
eter, the berries pc [Symplo bd foetidus Salisb. ]J— (MIDAS "-EARS.
PARSON-IN-THE-PIL SKUNK-CABBA MP-CABBAGE.)—Swamps and
low — aa. T Ga. mes Fly 1s Mo., Minn. and N. 5.—
Wint.-spr.
4, PELTANDRA Raf. Tufted herbs with rootstocks. Leaf-blades of
a hastate or sagittate type. Scapes recurved at maturity or permanently
erect. Flowers monoecious. Spadix completely covered with flowers. Sta-
mens 6-10. Spathe green or white. Fruits green or red.—Spr.-sum .—Com-
prises only the two following species.—ARROW-ARUMS.
Spathe convolute throughout, narrow, green: fruits green. 1. P. pet eines
Spathe dilated and spreading above, mainly white: fruits crimson. 2. P. glauc
prominent lateral ribs: spathes ong, the edges erisped : spadix in-
a ~ pistillate, 94 B a
ecu at maturity: m
GREEN-ARUM.)—Swamps and sh allow
water, various provinces, Fla. to La.,
Ont., and N. 8.
P. glauca (Ell) Feay. id Poner es
p
l5 staminate: scapes permanently erect
or dE fruits i less than
10 1 thie [P. alba Raf. P. sagitti-
folia Y Mieke) o not Raf. Xantho-
oma sagittifolium Chapm.]—( WHITE-
M). — Nona lluvial swamps, usually in acid soil, Coastal Plain and rarely
adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala. and N. C. (or Va.?).
5. ARISAEMA Mart. Herbs with corms. Leaf-blades palmate, 3—5-
divided. Scape permanently erect. Spadix clavate or cylindric, the fertile
portion ead flower-bearin Spathe cornucopia-like. Fruits red.—5pr.-sum
—About 50 species, mostly EUM of Asia.—JACK-IN-THE-PULPITS. INDIAN-
TURNIPS.—The corms of the plants of this genus contain an extremely acrid
juice, as well as raphides of calcium oxalate. The combination produces a
violent burning sensation if an attempt is made to s an raw.
Leaf-segments 3 (the lateral ones rarely 2-lobed) : spathe acute-acuminate: spadix
E e oon -acuminate or acute; blade dark-colored or striped.
Hood of the spathe uniformly ‘colored within, black, dud Bron or rarely green:
246 ARACEAE
1. P. virginica (L.) Kunth. Eres Pn hi pre. or hastate, with several
nu portion of the spadix cylindric: fruits 4-6 m
in eter 1. A. pusillum.
Hood of he spathe nm Ans within, light-
iade and brown, or dark- naked portion of
the.spadix clavate: fruits ET mm. fi diameter. 2. ÁA. = E.
athe andate acuminate ; blade usually 3. A. vinatu
pathe abruptly pointed : spadix curved. 4. A. quinatum.
1. A. pusillum (Peck) Nash. Plan
uc egments 5 (the lateral ones Sometimes ere united) :
mostly less than 3 dm. tall: leaf- E
y. N. Y.—Blooms
2—3 weeks later than ee next ‘following
species.
2. triphyllum (L.) Torr. Plants
ae over 4 dm. tall: leaf-segments
8-30 em. long; blades ~ rather ab-
ruptly short-acuminate: athe-blade
short-acuminate, pale-green, often striped
ARACEAE 247
with purple, brown or dark-green within: fruits 8-12 mm. thick.—Swamps,
moist hillsides, and thiekets, various provinees, Fla. to La., Kans., Minn,
nd N. S.
3. A. acuminatum Small. Plants more slender than A. triphyllum: leaf-seg-
ments 7-12 cem. long: spathe-blade long-aeuminate, deeper-green than the
eonvolute portion: fruits 8-9 mm. thiek.—(PARSON-IN-THE-PULPIT.) —W oods,
often swampy, N Fla.—Forms with the spathe-blade moderately long-acuminate
occur in the Coastal Plain as far up as SE Va., and may represent this species.
4. A. quinatum (Nutt.) Schott. Plants about as large as A. Oh ae esi leaf-
segments 5, the lateral pairs sometimes partly or os ag nited, glaucous be-
neath: spathe green: spadix slender: fruits 6-7 mm. [psc
JOHN.)—Woods and moist rich soil, various DM. Ga. to Tenn
and N. C.
CAUDA Small. Herbs
with glastered corms: leaf-blades ae
ately 5-17 divided. | Sea per
nently erect. Spadix whip- like, the a
tile a covered with flowers. Sta-
4. Spathe wholly convolute or
lightly dilated at the tip. Fru
—One spec
M. Dracontium (L.) Small Leaf-
e te to
segments cunea oblaneeolate, 1-3
dm. 1 spathe green, 3-10 e
8m ick, © [4 ~ Dracon-
RE DRAGON-
—Rich woods and T various provi
Ont. "and Me.—Spr.
7. PISTIA L. Floating herbs.
Leaves elustered on very short branehes
at the nodes of the rootstock: blades en-
tire, dilated upward. Spadix adnate to
the axillary spathe. Flowers monoecious,
the pistillate solitary, the staminate above
the pistillate. Perianth wanting.—One
species.
. Stratiotes L. ee in 2
nea
at ER-L ;
WATER-BONNETS.)—Streams, lakes, and
ponds, Coastal Plain, c to Tex.—(W. I. Mex., C. A, S. 4A, 0. W.)—
Frequently forming a complete, often extensive gray- green carpet. The hairy |
ribbed myriad leaf- urge produce a n iridescent effect. Contrary to the usual
ite n the size in species of d the plants of water lettuce are
extremely variable. The Meses us very spongy.
248 LEMNACEAE
A yara of e Be em TARO) —is ae = s
edible in rida eaped to marshes and roadsides
places. E^ is ees aed leaf. blades
Faminy 2. LEMNACEAE — Duckweep FAMILY
Floating iid E chiefly of very small, often minute, fleshy
Ages. sometimes with 1 or several roots. Propagative pouches 1 or
2 in each bs y. Fie ce monoecious, one or two staminate and one
pistillate in in ti en Staminate flowers consist of 1 stamen.
Pistillate enm consist of 1 el. Fruit a utricle—Four genera and
2 species, widely distributed E the smallest of the flowering
plants.
Plant-body not disk-like, rootless : propagative pouch solitary. Tribe I. WOLFFIEAE.
Plant-body disk-like, with a single root or a cluster of roots
propagative pouches 2. ribe II. LEMNEAE.
I. WOLFFIEAE d
Plant-body very thick or globos 1. BRUNERIA.
Plant-body thin, tongue-like or A EE N 2. WOLFFIELLA.
II. LEMNEAE
Plant-body inconspicuously nerved: root scree without fibro-
vascular bundle, 3. LEMNA.
Plant-body con spicuously nerved: roots 2-several, each with a
fibrovascular bundle. 4, SPIRODELA.
1. BRUNERIA Franch. Plant- peg wo» denim or oa Pro:
pagative pouch funnelform. Spadix 1 pistillate flow
bursting through the upper surface M "n 202 rs asd
Several species, most abundant in tropical and subtropical regions.—Mup-
Plant-body smooth, somewhat flattened above, gibbous beneath,
brown-punctate. 1. B. punctata.
du oed ellipsoid or globose, with 2-3 papules on dorsal sur-
e, not pune 2. B. columbiana.
1. B. punctata (Griseb.) Nieuw. Plant-
hody boat- ai indi to ovoid-ellipsoid, o 9
0.58—0.82 flat or nearly so
duni gr aay ising a t the apex: tis- o
u
o
on the
Coastal Plain and occasionally other
provinees, Fla. io Tex. and Ont
B. columbiana (Kar st.) Nieuw.
Plant we globose to ellipsoid, 0.48-1
m. long, the upper surface convex, with
ipe
Stomata: tissue of uniform uo cells. [W. columbiana Karst.]—Floating be-
neath the surface of stagnant water, various provinces, Fla. to La., Minn., Ont.,
and Mass
LEMNACEAE 240
LFFIELL A Hegelmaier.
E. -body thin, dui shaped or sabre-
orm. Pro dx gative iw cea
Inflorescence and fru unkno
About 7 en mostly H e dis
tribution.
1. W. ge ana (J. D. Smith) C.
Thompso Plants solit itary or usually
several pole tok cohering; body ` at-
tenuate from the base to the slender apex,
0 mm
Stagna: ant Dn hs ‘Plain and adj.
and N.
provinces, Fla. ex. Mo. J.
3. LEMNA L. Plant-body disk-like, d nerved. Anther-
sacs opening transversely. Utricle somewhat flattened, often ribbed.—
out 8 species, Mind distributed in tropical e temperate regions Wen
EDS. PFROG-BUTT
Plant-bodies long-stipitate, forming large submerged masses. 1. L.trisulca.
Pla Eo sessile, or short-stipitate, floating, more or less de-
Plant-body symmetrical or nearly s
ant-body elliptic-obovate : Teac lenticular.
2. L.m
Plant body e d oblong: utricle elongate. 3. L.
mind:
Plan nt-body-thiek, panum obovate, papillose on the me-
4. L. perpusilla.
Plant-body thi in, elliptic, smooth.
Pla eek e a 3-nerved : root-sheath with lateral
5. L. trinervis.
Pintbod O 1-nerved: root-sheath without ap-
ages. 6. L. cyclostasa.
lca L. Root-sheath acute:
plant- "bodies both ooo and aerial,
often falcate, 5-10 mm. long, acute:
aerial p smaller than ‘the submerged
a submerge
spring-runs, various provinces, Ala. to
Calif., Alas., Ont., and N. S.—(0. W.)
2. L. L. Root-sheath - m
plant- bodies elliptic, obovate,
orbicular, 2—4 mm. long, m mostly oer ee.
commonly keeled on p back and papil-
lose on the midrib: seeds 12—165-ribbed.
.—Ponds and "redii. water, various
provinces, Fla. to Calif., B. C., and Ont. d
—(0. W.)
3. I. minima Philippi. Root-sheath obtuse: sigue body oblong or elliptic, 1.5—
3.9 mm. long, rounded at the apex, sometimes slightly oblique, nearly nerveless,
250 MAYACACEAE
convex above: seeds On 16-ribbed.—Pools, various provinces, Fla. and
Ga. to Calif. and Wyo
4. L. diac Eu Root-sheath acute: plant-body obovate, usually ob-
liquely s . long, obtuse, often papillose along the midrib and with
a larger prend papilla: utriele tipped with the eecentrie style. "ud nds and
Egan streams, various provinces, Fla. to Kans., N. D., and Mas
5. L. trinervis (Austin) Small. Root-sheath with lateral appendages: plant
body PORE or ape so, a little convex abov e, flat beneath, abruptly narrowed
to the blunt apex, smooth: utricle tipped with the terminal style.—Stil water,
various hae a a to Kans. and N. J.
6. L. cyclostasa Y rua Root- s without appendages: duod peu
oblong or nearly so, 2.8—4.5 mm. long, obtuse, often somewhat faleate,
metrieal at the m d D l-nerv ed. [L. valdiviana Philip pi] Pools,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Mass.—(Mez., S. A.)
4, SPIRODELA Schleid. Plant- body disk-like, conspicuously several-
nerved. Anther- -sacs opening lengthwise. Utricle lenticular, with winged mar-
gins.—Three species, 2 in America, the other
in S Asia and Australia.
1. S. polyrhiza (L.) gn Plants mori RENN O
sterile and perennial: ro pla DA
body obovate or suborbieular, J a 8 mm. Sfp WN:
long, 5—15-nerved: seeds e oth.— —(Dvox- EH n a
Minwow-FOLE.)—Poo s, ponds, and QD TR
one streams, various cae Fla. to a
ur. E. B. 2 Ont., and N. S— y
C. A., S. Bee W.)— \ | i
hue to the E of pools. They are often
— (Mer
— Sum. —Floating dense
xad ^ plan s give à pale golden-green
purple beneath.
OrpER XYRIDALES — XYRIDAL ORDER
Caulescent moss-like or acaulescent rush-like terrestrial herbs. Leaves
alternate, equitant when basal: blades narrow, sometimes notched at the
apex. Flowers axillary or usually borne in a terminal cone-like spike.
Calyx regular or one sepal crested. Corolla regular. Gynoecium with a
superior ovary. Fruit a capsule. Seeds minute, often caudate.
Caulescent moss-like herbs: flowers axillary to leaf-like bracts: oS alike: styles
wholly united. Fam, 1. MAYACACEAE.
Acaule Ern rush-like herbs: flowers in terminal dense spikes
e
nited.
2 forms, or 1 sepal wanting: styles epe
Fam. 2. XYRIDACEAE.
Faminy d. MAYACACEAE — Boa-woss FAMILY
Leaves eauline: blades narrow, flaccid, l-nerved, minutely notched at
the apex. Flowers perfect, borne on axillary pedicels. Sepals 3, nar-
XYRIDACEAE 251
rowed upward. Petals 3, broadened upward. Androecium of 3 stamen
anthers 2 Gynoecium 3-carpellary. Fruit a capsule.—Only the fol.
lowing gen
1. MAYACA Aubl Moss-like aquatic a the stems copiously leafy.
Peduncles 1-flowered. Calyx herbaceous. ink, persistent with the
sepals. Anther with an oblique oe a ae 7 species, in the warmer
arts of America.—BOG-MOSSES. POOL-MOSSES.
Pedicels much longer than the leaves: capsule globular or ovoid. 1. M. Aubletii.
Pedicels shorter than the leaves: capsule ellipsoid. 2. M. fluviatilis.
l. M. Aubletii Miehx. Stems ~ or matted, 2—20 em. long: leaves approxi-
mate or densely crowded; blades narrowly
lanceolate or almost linear 25
lo
ns or streams, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Tex. and Va.
2. M. fluviatilis Aubl. Larger than M.
o the juin duds en 40 cem. long:
very approximate;
blades S Ecc cenas to linear-
ae 4-12 mm. long, very Haccid:
pedi aa 2-5 mm. DE fae 3—4 mm.
long: capsule 4-5 long.—Pools,
a and sluggish Pune Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—(W. I.,
Mex., C. A., S. A.)
FAMILY 2. XYRIDACEAE — YELLOw-EYED GRASS FAMILY
Leaves basal: blades thickish. Flowers perfect, in a compact termi-
nal spike. Sepals 3, the two lateral firm, keeled and often appendaged,
persistent, the ‘third larger, mg with Petals 3, fugacious. Androecium
most abundant in the tropics
1, XYRIS [Gronov.] L. Rigid herbs of bogs, swamps, prairies, and pine-
lands. Leaves not forked at the tip, imbricate at the base of the scape. Flow-
ers aggregated in a spike with closely imbricate scale-like bracts. Corolla yel-
low or rarely white. Anthers narrow, the sacs opening lengthwise.—About 50
species, mostly in the tropics of both hemispheres.—Spr.—fall, or all year S
YELLOW-EYED GRASSES. VARE-GOLDIES.—The plants of this genus prefer soils
of a high degree of acidity
Annual or biennial plants: leaves mainly shorter than the
sheath of the scape. I. BREVIFOLIAE.
Perennial plants: leaves mainly longer than the sheath of the
Scape.
252 XYRIDACEAE
Sterile filaments bearded: leaf-blades f fi:
a sabe sepals included, i.e., B by the bracts.
sepals partially exserted.
Sterile pipa e glabrous: leaves terete, filiform.
EVIFOLIAE
Keel of the lateral sepals smooth or erui im
Keel of the lateral sepals ciliate-fringed.
II. COMMUNES
Keel or wing of the lateral sepals ciliate.
Lateral sepals winged, the wing partially ciliate, not
bearded.
ioe l-w bs ms arrow, narrower than the sepal-body.
g broad, broader than the sepal-body
Lateral mer keeled, aes c mainly ciliolate its entire
length, bearded at the
eel or wing of the cra. ails incised, erose-toothed or
e.
Keel or wing cross-toothed or incised.
Lateral sepals Spats d from below the middle or from
e base to the a
Lateral oe SCALE. from above the middle to the
Be. and leaves not scabro-puberulent.
Spike ovoid, oval or globular, 5- 15 mm. long at
mon loosely imbricate in few series, de-
Bracts. pum imbricate in several series,
Spike oblong to conic-oblong, 16-23 mm. long at
Es urity ; bracts numerous and in oed series.
e T leaves scabro-puberulent all ov
Keel or Inc lacerate
Lateral a creste d from about the A a below
it, to the apex, the crest erect o
Spike mot 11- 15 mm. long; Draco ounded. at the
ex.
Spike acute: Bedae sepals with the wing nar-
ow or o ete near the base: leaves and
AA smoo oth.
Spike obtuse: lateral sepals with the wing
broad to the base: leaves. and scape rough-
margined.
Spike oblong or cylindric, 15-30 mm. long; bracts
and broadly rounded or nearly trun-
cate at the apex.
Lateral sepals crested from the base to the apex, the
crest spreading or partially recurved.
II. FIMBRIATAE
Plant not bulbous at the base, the leaf-bases not greatly dilated.
numerous ; e mostly s mm. wide at maturity.
. H y.
ostly 5-10 mm. wid
Crest of the ict Beanie of Ves ehori erect segments :
upper part of the scape smooth
e of the. lateral sepals of very long spreading seg-
upper part of the scape rough.
Plant markedly “bulbous at the base, the oasis greatly di-
and persistent.
Corolla yellow: upper part of the scape, and the spike,
Corolla white e: upper part of the scape, and the spike,
glaucous or glaucescent.
IV. BALDWINIANAE
Plants clustered: leaves very slender.
II. COMMUNES.
III. FIMBRIATAE.
. BALDWINIANAE.
, X. brevi
2, X. PAAA
3. X. ambigua.
4, X. stricta
5. X. torta.
6. X. neglecta.
7. X. caroliniana.
8. X. communis.
. X. elata.
10. X. scabrifolia.
m
1. X. difformis.
12. X. serotina.
13. X. platylepis..
14. X. iridifolia.
15. X. Elliott.
16. X. Smalliana.
17. X. fimbriata.
18. X. flexuosa.
19. X. pallescens.
20. X. Baldwiniana.
XYRIDACEAE 253
1. X. brevifolia Michx. Leaves TE
linear, 2-8 cm. long, celuste red: scape
8-30 cm. tall, nearly terete: spike
globose, 4-6 mm. long; mt roded.
lateral. ' sepals 3.5-4.5 mm. long.—Low
pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.
2. X. flabelliformis Chapm. Leaves lin-
ear or narrowly linear- EOT 1-2.5
cm. long, spreading in a fan- shaped man-
ner, often curved: scape ve ender
8-30 em. tall, anges terete below, "ene
flattened abov spike ovoid or ellip-
soid, 4-8 mm.
entire: lateral sepals 4—5 mm. long.—
pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.
3. X. ambigua Beyr. Leaves linear, 14 dm long, tapering from a rather
broad base, commonly roughish on the edges: sca ape 4—10 dm. tall, indo ridged,
2-edged above, the edges often rough: spike ovoid or ellipsoid. -ovoid, 2.5
em. long, often acute: lateral sepals 5- -8.5 mm . long: wing ciliolate. sees amps
or open de Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—An infusion of the
herbage of this, and doubtless other, species of Xyris is rubbed on the chest
by the Seminoles, in cases of colds and pulmonary diede
4. X. stricta Chapm. Leaves linear or slightly e ir 1-4 dm. long,
quite narrow, smooth-edged, often diseolored in drying: seapes 4—10 dm. tall,
2-edged and 'margined above, the margins roug zi peo narrowly ellipsoid or
CAN 2-3.5 em. long: lateral sepals 5. 5-7 mm long; wing ciliolate,
2 Ee middle to the top.—Shallow pineland ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla.
o Mis
5. X. ad. Sm. Leaves dpud linear, 5-30 cm. long, acute, straight
Or pan gr seape 2— . tall, more or less pud twisted, nearly
terete below, 2-edged above, smooth: spike oval or subglobose, 5-10 mm. long:
lateral sepals margined, 4-5 mm. lo ong; keel ciliate and bearded at the apex.
LA. flexuosa Chapm. not Muh L]--Swamps damp banks, and wet soil, various
Sou Ga. t o Tex., Minn., and Me.
6. X. neglecta Small. Leaves few, o 3—10 cm. long, acute, straight or
slightly curved, rather erect: scape 1—4 dm. tall, pudo twisted, e Adds.
spike ovoid, 4-9 mm. long; bracts 35 a mm. long: ‘lateral s sepals m. long;
wing with erose-serrate crest from near the base to the apex. ae prs e
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.
7. X. caroliniana Walt. Leaves linear, attenuate, smooth, the longer fully %
as long as the scape: scape 1-6 dm. ta IÙ flattened and 2-e edged above, the edges
smooth: spike oval or ovoid, 6-9 mm . lo ong, obtuse; braets sec imbricate in
few series and splitting in age: lateral sepals 4-5 mm. long; wing narrower
than the sepal-body, p toothed or eroded beyond: the middle voa
ponds and swamps, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to La.,
Me.; Great Lake PP owani Ind.
8. X. communis Kunth. Leaves pondus attenuate, shorter than the scape:
scape 2-7 dm. tall, 2-edged above: spike oval or globular, 8-15 mm. long: br acts
closely imbricate in few series: lateral sepals 3—4 mm. long ; pra narrower
204 XYRIDACEAE
than the sepal-body, erose-toothed or incised-toothed above the middle.—Low
pinelands en swamps, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and
Md.—(W. I.)
9. X. elata Chapm. Leaves few, 2-6 dm. long: scape 3-12 dm. tall, 2-edged
above: ped oblong to eonic-oblong, 16-23 mm. s pads endi. elosely
imbrieate in many series: lateral sepals 4—5 m ong; wing n , toothed
above the mi iddle —Low pinelands and swamps, Coastel Plain, Fla. p La. and
N. J.
0. X. scabrifolia Harper. Leaves few, very narrow, w scabro-
pubertont 3-4 dm. long: scape his tue the leaves, and puberulent like
e 1-1.5 em. long; bracts rather numerous, closely e lateral
sepas Shani 5 mm. long; wing coe toothed above the middle.—Bogs, Pied-
t, W Ga.
11. X. difformis Chapm. Leaves few, ins 1-5 dm. long, smooth: seape 2—5
dm. Ege ap ed clustered, twisted, sharply 2-edged above, smooth: spike déc
12-18 mm. long, acute, the braets rounded: lateral sepals 4.5-6 mm. lon ng: wing
narrow or obsolete near the base of the sepal, with a erest of fri mc extending
S E" nee of the sepal from the tip.—Swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ga.,
12. X. serotina Chapm. Similar to Ee difformis in habit. Leaves and scape
rough rs pd pus gis. 12-18 mm. long, obtuse; bracts rounded: lateral
sepals 4.5-5 m ong; wing broad p the base of the s sepal, with & fringed
crest mid id ae middle ——Pineland swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Miss.
13. X. platylepis Chapm. Leaves linear, 2-6 x long: scape 5-9 dm. tall,
2-ridged above, sometimes md rou ughened o he margins: spike ellipsoid
or cylindric, 1.5-3 em. long; bracts very nu: D X broadly truneate or n
so at the apex: lateral sepals a with a lacerate crest
the middle.—Low sandy places or i Conse Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.
14. X. iridifolia Cha apm. Leaves few, linear, 5-8 dm. long, relatively broad:
scape 6—10 dm. tall, stout, nearly terete or 1- -edged below, flattened and 2-edged
above, the ed road ‘spike Ce or d ? 1.5— g; cts
rounded: lateral sepal mm. long; rrow, incised-fimbriate its whole
em —Shallow ponds and wet pads Coastal Plain and adj. provinces,
. to Tex. and Ga.
15. X. HElliottii Chapm. Leaves ae narrowly linear, grass-like, 3—10
em. long o p acute, often twisted: scape 2—5 dm. tall, twisted, 2-edged
throughout, or only 1-e edge ed below, roughi ish on the edges: spike oval or ellip-
soid; bracts with wr en edges: lateral sepals 4—6.5 mm. long; wing in-
cised. lacerate above the le or nearly entire below p terminal tuft or
—Wet grassy eed. and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and
S. CW. I.)
16. X. Smalliana Nash. Leaves few, lustrous, linear, 3.5-7 dm. long,
lower half often purplish, striate: scape 7-10 dm. tall, about twice as tall a
the leaves, flattened, unequally 2-edged below the spike, smooth: spike ovoid or
at matur rity ellipsoi oid, 1.5-2.5 em. long: lateral sepals 5-8 mm. long; wing
erested with short erect segments from about the middle.—Shallow ponds,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.
X. fimbriata Ell. Leaves not lustrous, linear, 3-5 dm. long, smooth: scape
xum and SERIE erect, 6—12 dm. tall, roughish, and 2- -edged above: spike ovoid
ERIOCAULACEAE 299
to ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 em. long: lateral sepals 7-9 mm. long, relatively broad;
ving crested with long spreading segments from about the middle to the s aper.
onds or swampy places in pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and
X. flexuosa Muhl. Leaves with dark dilated bases, 1-4 dm. long, usually
spirally twisted: scape 3—7 dm . tall, somewhat flattened above, spirally twisted:
s pd or conic- oblong, 1 -5 5-3 cm. long, EL acute : later al sepals 8—12
ong; fri of the wing firm: corolla yellow. [X. torta Kunth X. are-
DS Small] Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. b "Tex., Ark., N. J.
19. X. pallescens (C. d pier Leaves few, Mid bu by the persis-
tent purple or brown bases of those of previous years, 2—4 dm. long, spirally
. twisted: scape 3-6 dm tall, spirally en 2- edged above spike ellipsoid or
- eonic-ellipsoid, 1—1.5 em . lon ng: latera sepals 6 9 long, very delicate,
narrow; fringe of the wing delicate: iu white Pinelands, open inne
and sandy shores, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga.
20. X. Baldwiniana R. & S. Leaves numerous, filiform, terete, 0.5-2 dm long,
. tà A
A rs or AE , 4-6 mm. long, turbinate at the base: lateral sepals
long, t e P ‘half of the keel-wing serrate: sterile filaments glab-
rous.— LBT. MARY'S GRASS.)—Damp pinelands or pineland ponds, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
ORDER HRIOCAULALES—EriocauLaL ORDER
Acaulescent terrestrial herbs with the narrow leaves often crowded
on a short caudex or with the caudex elongate and stem-like. Flowers
crowded in a dense depressed or elongate head, monoecious or dioecious.
Calyx and corolla minute. Gynoecium with a superior ovary. Fruit a
fragile capsule. Seeds very minute, nut-like.
Faminty 1. ERIOCAULACEAE — Pirewort FAMILY
Perennial and perhaps rarely annual, mostly acaulescent, bog or
aquatic herbs. Rootstocks often creeping or horizontal. Leaves clus-
tered: blades narrow. Seapes simple, subtended by hing bracts
Flowers monoecious (androgynous), or rarely dioecious, densely crowded
a terminal involucrate head erianth in 2 the inner rarely
obsolete). Staminate flowers with a any stamens as or
st
twice as many. Pistillate flowers with a 2-3-celled ovary. Fruit a cap-
sule.—Nine genera and over on apes in warm and tropical regions,
most abundant in South Ameri
Stamens 2 or 3, ny as the sepals: petals glandless.
Petals of the pistillate flowers obsolete. 1. LACHNOCAULON.
Petals of the pistillate flowers resembling the sepals and
united at the middle.. 2. SXNGONANTHUS.
Stamens 4-6, twice as many as the sepals: petals each bear-
ing a prominent gland. 3. ERIOCAULON.
1. LACHNOCAULON Kunth. Flower head not conspicuously involuerate.
Staminate flowers: p 3; petals obsolete; stamens 3; filaments united be-
low, coalescent with a rudimentary corolla or pistil, this with 3 lobes at the
top; anthers 1- celled. "Pistillate flowers: sepals 3; petals obsolete.—Repre-
a
256 . ERIOCAULACEAE
sented only by the following species.—Heads white, gray, brown, or black.—
HAIRY-PIPEWORT. BOG-BUTTONS
Scape glabrou
Gynoecium 3- -carpellary : stigmas 3: bracts of the involucre obtus
ark-brown or black, scarcely, if at all, pubescent : sepals er d pu-
pescent near the pend im "
Head white or gray, woolly: sepals copiously ciliate.
Head gray, globular at maturity: sepals about 1
i mm. long: anther as long as the filamen 2. L. floridanum.
Head white, spheroidal at maturity : sepals s about
m. long: anther shorter than the filament. 3. L. glabrum.
Gynoecium 2-carpellary : stigmas 2: bracts of the involucre
te.
acute 4. L. digynum.
Scape pubescent.
Seeds smooth. 5. L. Beyrichianum.
ractlets and sepals of the pistillate flowers not ciliate. 6. L. eciliatum.
Bractlets i SEE of the pistillate flowers ciliate.
or brown-gray, mm. thick or less: seeds
oval ote ovoid, 0.5 mm. lon % L. minus.
Head La mm. thick or more: seeds ellipsoid,
. lon 8. L. anceps.
1. L. Engleri Ruhl. Leaf-blades 1-3 em. lon ng, linear-attenuate, glabrous,
e ipu 5-30 cm. tall, 3—5-ridged, twisted, glabrous: head cylindric at ma-
3-6 mm. long: ‘receptacl e with
slender clavate hairs: bractlets obovate,
tely pu end near the apex: se-
S obovate, obtus Lm sandy and
springy places, Fla.—(F I.)
2. L. flo ridanum Small. Leaf-blades 2-
4.5 em. long, linear, less attenuate than
| sparingly ci
f L rum, ingly ciliate,
manifestly cellular base: s
m. tal ed, glabrous: hea
3 m ity: bractlets
-3.0 mm. long at matur
spatulate or obovate-spatulate, ciliate:
D similar to the bractlets, ciliate.—
sandy places, pen. Fla.
3. L. glabrum Koern. Leaf-blades e and ascending, ee d
F em. long, glabrous: scape 15-30 em. tall, twisted, glabrous: head whit
hick: bractlets and sepals ciliate. — Pinelands, damp T and e
A P Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala.
4. oe Koern. Leaf-blades 8—15 ae ed linear, glabrous: scape
6-15 cm. tall, glabrous: e globular, about in diameter, gray: bract-
lets Eu each with a nerve-like keel :. p eid: ciliate: ovary 3-celled.
—Sandy soil, often in eines, Fla.
5. ie Beyrichianum Sporleder. Leaf-bla de es 1.5-5 em. long, very narrowly
lin or. wd ear- Edi sparingly ciliate or nearly Nr us: scape 3-14 en
tall, spar y hairy: head in bu la r, beeoming somewhat elongate, about
6. L. eciliatum Small. mi eae 1—4.5 em. long, linear-attenuate, sparingly
ciliate: scapes slender, 3—9 cm. tall, pubescent: heads globular 3 —3.5 m
thick, gray: bractlets spatulate, not ciliate: sepals spatulate to UL cote
ERIOCAULACEAE 257
eciliate, those of the pistillate flowers wholly glabrous, those of the staminate
minutely pubescent at the apex: seeds avoid, cancellate.—Sandy shores, NW
Fla.
7. L. minus (Chapm.) Small Leaf-blades 1—4 em. long, linear-attenuate,
sparingly ciliate: scape slender, 0.5-3 dm. tall, pubescent: head globular to
ae 3—4 mm. ee bre and sepals ciliate with relatively short
hai L. MichauasW Chapm.]—Moist soil often on pond-margins,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to x. c
8. L. anceps (Walt.) Morong. Leaf-blades 2-6 cm. long, narrowly linear-
attenuate, sparingly pubescent or glabrate: scape 0.5 dm. tall, very slender,
pubescent: head spheroidal, 5 mm. bus or noe: bractle ets and sepals ciliate
with relatively long hairs.—Sandy places and low or moist tp inelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.; and unen Plateau, Ala
2. SYNGONANTHUS Ruhl. Flower-head conspicuously involucrate.
Staminate flowers with 2 or 3 distinct sepals and petals: stamens 2-3: fila-
ments — anthers 2- Pape Pistil-
ate flow with 2 or 3 inct se-
pals a nd 2 or 3 petals do at
middle.—About 80 species, mostly na-
tives of Pra al Amer rica.—Heads yel-
lowish-whit
1. S. flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhl. Leaf-
blades filiform-linear or linear-subulate,
em. long, floccose e the base:
scapes 1-3 dm. tall, 5 -angled, pubes-
very slender : heads 4-6 mm. ins
. BA
Low pinelands, margins of sandhill | e and bogs, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala.
and N. C. (or Va. ?)—Spr.
3. ERIOCAULON [Gronov] L. Flower-heads not conspicuously in-
voluerate. Staminate flowers: sepals 2-3; petals 2-3, each with a glan
stamens usu l 4—6; filaments distinct. a flowers: sepals as in the
staminate flowers; petals much reduced and row; stamen anting.—
W
?
out 200 aA mostly in warm temperate mi aoa regions.—Heads
white, gray, or lead-colored, except in E. Ravenelii, in which they are brown
or blaekish.—PiPEWORTS. BUTTON- RODS. HAT-PINS.
Sheath at the 2 of the scape surpassing the leaves, except in the case of sub-
merged plant
Petals linear to spatulate: scape 4—7 ridged: head less
than 10 mm. in diameter 1. E. lineare.
Petals ‘broader scape 10—12- ridged: head over 10 mm.
in diam 2. E. compressum.
PRERIR A e base of the scape surpassed by the leaves, or
16 m ur bractlets, sepals, and petals cili- |
ate: Beacons: ‘acu 3. E. decangulare.
d 3-5 mm. thick : oan sepals, and petals gla-
rene bractlets obtuse 4. E. Ravenelàá.
17
258 COMMELINACEAE
1. E. lineare Small. Leaf-blades 2-5 cm. long, curved, attenuate, sparingly
pubescent or ped em T p id n 1-3 dm. tall, 3—5- E head
ed broad: bra
involuere Pn c aeute, pubes a pus
the tp: sepals ur pe petals
at least othesof the staminate flowers,
linear.—Wet woods, and moist pinelands,
Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala, and Ga.—Spr.—
E. septangu ulare as admitt ted into our range,
seems to have been, for the M st part, based
on small "Rem "of E. lin
E. compressum Lam. Leaves ascending-
us eading; blades 2-12 cm. long, flaccid,
longitudinally striate: scape ERU dm. tall,
10-12-ridged: head spheroidal, over 1
thick: petals of the stami ee fore ciliate-
fimbriate at the apex or above the middle
cid p and low peels Coastal Plain, Fla. to. Tex. and N. J.—Spr.
or all r 8.
E. decangulare L. Leaves erect or ascending: blades 10-50 em. long:
a: firm, finely many-striate, obtuse: uid stout, 3—10 dm. tall 10—14-
ridged: head globular, 10-16 mm. thick: bracts of the T acute: bract-
ur T and petals ciliate, or A acer on the back.—Moist pinelands and
cid swamps, Coastal oe in and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. [o Tex., Pa., and
m. or all yea
4. E. Ravenelii Chapm. Leaves various, the smaller: spreading, the larger
ae Or ere ae ee 2-13 em. long, pellucid, sues acute: scape very
slender, 4-30 em. tall, 5-6-ridged: he ad spheroidal, 3-5 mm. thick: bracts of
the involuere Hoi. Duaci sepals, and petals PNE — Swamps and low
pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C.—Su m.—fall, or all year
OrpER COMMELINALES—COMMELINAL ORDER
Caulescent or acaulescent terrestrial or aquatic and often fleshy, or
epiphytic and firm herbs. Leaves various: thread-like to very broad. In-
florescence an axillary or terminal spike, raceme, or panicle, or spadix-
like. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx and corolla regular or very irregular.
Gynoecium with the ovary superior or sometimes inferior. Fruit a utricle
or a capsule. Seeds grain-like or sometimes comose.
Terrestrial or aquatic plants: foliage not scurfy: dd united.
Calyx and e ola free, of very different mem :
stamens fre Fam. 1. COMMELINACEAE.
Calyx nd CORONA of quite similar members cie partly
united: stamens partly adnate to the peria Fam.2. PONTEDERIACEAE.
Epiphytes (except in Ananas, a spiny-toothed cultiv ated
~ terrestrial), often with scurfy foliage: stigmas 3. Fam. 3. BROMELIACEAE.
Famity 1. COMMELINACEAE — Spiperwort FAMILY
Annual or perennial caulescent succulent herbs. Leaves alternate,
sheathing at the base. Flowers perfect, the mostly umbel-like or rarely
seorpioid cymes involucrate. Calyx of 3 persistent herbaceous or partly
p sepals. Cor of 3 equal or unequal delicate petals. Androe-
of 5-6 stamens, sometimes 2 or 3 mere staminodia. Gynoecium
COMMELINACEAE |. 299
2-3-carpellary. Styles united. Fruit a loeulieidally 2-3-valved capsule.
—About. 30 genera and 350 species, most abundant in tropieal regions.
Polleniferous stamens 6, or rarely 5.
etals, or both sepals and petals, distinct Tribe I. TRADESCANTIEAE.
Petals, or sepals and petals, partly coherent or ad-
nate into a tube. Tribe II. ZEBRINEAE.
Polleniferous stamens 3, or rarely 2. Tribe III. COMMELINEAE.
I. TRADESCANTIEAE
Flower- enu. subtended by minute or leaf-like bra
C r cymules subtended by small or minute E very ps: the leaves.
In flo Poor ence simple: filaments pubescent. UTHBERTIA.
Inflorescence dichotomously compound: filaments gla-
brous. 2. TRADESCANTELLA.
Cymes subtended by an involucre of 1-3 bracts similar to
the leaves. 3. n
Flower-clusters subtended by specialized boat-like involucres. 4. RH
. Z
Succulent herbs with plain green or variegated leaves. 5. ZEBRINA.
COMMELINEAE
Flower-clusters not subtended by folded bracts. ANEILEMA,
Flower-clusters subtended by a folded spathe-like involucre. 7. COMMELINA.
1. CUTHBERTIA Small. Stems upright or sometimes ultimately diffuse,
often tufted, from a dense cluster of cord-like naked or fuzzy roots. Leaf-
lades narrow, elongate, flat or half-terete. Cyme simple, terminating a long
peduncle, with scale-like bracts. Petals pink or purplish equal. Stamens 6:
filaments pubescent.—Represented only by the following species.—ROSELINGS.
Leaves erect; blades half-terete or channeled, slender: capsule subglobose.
Petals entire: corolla 2—2.5 em. wide. 1. C. ee:
Petals crenate: corolla 3-4 cm. wide. 2. C. ornata.
Leaves loosely spreading ; blades fat: capsule obovoid or globose-
obovoid. 3. C. rosea.
C. E Small. Plant 0. Va dm. tall, densely tufted, the stem slender,
s fili-
form-s Eu eoroll em i
capsule subglobose, about 4 mm. in diam-
eter: seed t wide, promi-
ter pro
nently r ribbed. —Sandy woods, pinelands,
and sandhills, Coastal Plain and adj.
Piedmont, Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-sum
C. ornata Small. Plant 3-6 dm. tall,
diameter: seed about 1.5 mm. in diam-
eter, rather shallowly ribbed.—Serub, pen. Fla.—4All year.
3. C. rosea (Vent.) Small. Plant erect, single or sparingly tufted, often be-
coming diffuse: leaves lax; blades narrowly linear and somewhat attenuate:
eorolla 2-2.5 em. wide: capsule obovoid or globose-obovoid, 3.5—4 n in diame-
r: seed about 1.5 mm. in diameter, Joes sharply ribbed. adescantia
rosea Vent. |—Oak- pes aap age and r ver-swamps, Coastal piis and Pied-
mont, Fla. to N. C. (or Va.?)—Spr
260 COMMELINACEAE
2. TRADESCANTELLA Small Herbs with creeping stems. Leaf-blades
jia but relatively broad. Cyme dicho-
omous, the cymules with seale-like bracts.
us nearly equal. Stamens 6: fila-
ments glabrous.—One species.
1. T. oe ds Wats.) Small. Stem
long, ciliolate: sepals ovate, i
d petals white: capsule nearly 2
. long.—Damp shady places and ham-
mede, Fu Fla.—Spr.-fall.—Most fre-
ent kitehenmiddens and sites of
bein activity. Often forming a dense ground cover.
3. TRADESCANTIA [Rupp.] L. Plants mostly erect. Leaf-blades usu-
ally relatively long and narrow. Cyme in an involucre of 1-3 leaf-like in
Flowers sometimes fragrant. Petals nearly equal. B iind sessile.—A bout
species, natives of temperate and tropical Ameriea.—Spr.-sum.—SPIDERWORTS.
BLUE-JACKETS.—Some species have become favorite a mine and are
greatly admired for their bright-blue or purple flowers whieh open, however,
only in the morning.
Stem and branches erect: flower cluster subtended by an involucre of elongate bracts:
leaves elongate.
ue blades greatly elongate and attenuate: flowers in a terminal cluster or also
EUER axillary clusters at the upper remote nodes of
the ste I. LONGIFOLIAE.
Leaf-blades oe to linear-lanceolate, acuminate:
flow ssile or short-stalked clusters k the ap-
pro o e S R upper nodes of th II. BREVIFOLIAE.
Stem and branches decumbent or DEA. a leaf-
blades br ond. III. FLUMINENSES.
I. LONGIFOLIAE
Stem abbreviated, sometimes only abou centimeter long:
bracts of the involucre mostly E p the leaves. 1. T. brevicaulis.
Stem elongate, up a meter tall: bracts of the involucre
l
Stem glabrous or sparingly pubes
Sepals pube coni with long non- ero hairs all over. 2. T. virginiana.
Sepals with a small tuft of hairs at the tip.
. T. reflexa.
acts of the involucre. very ds petals red. 4. 1'. incarnata.
She ths of the lower leaves ao 5. T. foliosa.
Stems Pee and also sometimes glandul
Stem, pedicels, En sepals hirsute with p -glandular
hairs. 6. T. hirsuticaulis.
Stem, pedicels, and sepals glandular-pubescent. T. T. longifolia.
II. BREVIFOL
Plant very variable in size and habit, but i Asus y dis-
tichous, those egi e AN the very many-flowered clusters .
mostly 'saccate at the bas 8. T. pilosa.
III. FLUMINENSES
Spreading plant with weak creeping stems and branches: leaf-
blades ovate, oval, or elliptic. 9. T. fluminensis.
COMMELINACEAE 261
1. T. brevicaulis Raf. Stem very short, somewhat elongating in age, but less
than 1 dm. long, densely villous, sim mple: leaves elongate, with large sheaths
ste
ew
on conspic cuously elongate densely villous
pedicels: sepals elliptic-ovate, 1 m.
ong, villous all over: petals blue or
em. lon
purple, 2-2.5 g: capsule globose-
obovoid, about long, ingly
pubescent at the top seed a mm
LUE-GRASS.) — Prairies, hill-
sides, and woods, oe Plateau pn
inces, Tenn. to Ark., Mo., and Ill.—Spr.
virginiana L. Stem single or
branched at the gri the mE n then
tufted, 2-5 dm ar green, iini
or finely pubescent, c omm
leaves few, elongate; blades attenuate, glabrous or pubescent in plants with
pubescent stems: flowers several to m a cluster r: sepals broadly ovate, 12—
18 mm. long, n or less villous all ear n in age: pet ja blue, ee rose,
or white, 1 1.5-2 em. long: capsule ellip oe void, 4-5 mm. long, g
seed about 2.5 mm. long.—Woods, id. cud pend bluffs, and stream-
banks, various E aces fare Coastal Plain, N. C. t iplis and N. S.—Spr.
T. reflexa Raf. Stem usually single, up to 1 m. tall, glabrous, glaucous,
branched in robust plants: leaves elongate, glabrous, glauco us or nearly so;
blades at Dru. Arcum ally with seattered hairs near the sheat th: d S sev-
eral or many 1 cluster: Poele elliptie to diss -elliptie, 8-11 mm. pon one,
at least, with a taft hairs at the apex, permanently thick: petals blue, ovate,
saei broadly so, 1.5-2 em. long: capsule ellipsoid, about 5 mm. long, glab-
rous, glaucou eed about 9. 5 mm. lo = —Woods, sandhills, dunes, d
and SURE various provinces, N Fla. o Tex., Minn., and N. C.—Sp r.-sum
4. T. incarnata Small. Stem commonly single, up to 1 m. tall, glabrous, sim-
ple or with a branch or two above: leaves elongate, with long, arachnoid sheaths
: h n
h owers
numerous in the terminal cluster: sepals elliptic or ance -lanceolate,
long, one of them, oe c sparingly bearded at the apex: petals bright ea
mcr ovate, 1-1.5 em. long: espsule glabrous. EA oods, N Mis —Spr.—
5. T, foliosa Small. Stem often single, mostly 3-7 dm . tall, simple edi Or
sparingly branched, glabrous: leaves erect, the lower ones several or numerous,
d ?
mm.
long, 2 of them, at least, pubescent near ie apex: petals blue, broadly ovate,
1.5-2 em. long: capsule globose- -obovoid, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous: seed 3 mm.
lon de m NE Fla. and N part of the pen.—Spr.
6. T. hirsuticaulis Small. Stem single, or branched at the base, the imer
lon
aA dm. tall, simple or sometimes branched, hirsute with long w white or pale
hairs: leaves elongate; blades narrowly linear-attenuate, hirsute: ict usu-
aliy relatively few a cluster: sepals narrowly ovate to elliptic-ovate, 9—11
. long, or rarely poema hirsute, green or magenta-margined: petals ee
5128 or buc ovate, 1.6-2.2 em. long: capsule globose-ellipsoid, 6-7 m
long, glabrous or inconspicuously glandular- pba seed about 3 mm. oie
262 COMMELINACEAE
—Sandy woods, rocky hills, and fields, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Ark., and Ga. Spr.
T. pov e s single, or branched at the base, the branches
n up to 6 dm. tall, times branched above, finely glandular-pubescent
and often with additional Tusc. glandless hairs: leaves elongate, the lower ones
nea uate, pu
in a elust
elliptic- MER 9-10 long, done bre often magenta-mar-
gined: pet s blue t T violet, 1.3-2 cm. long, broadly ovate to HE ud -ovate:
capsule elipso id, long, finely PRORA pubescent: seed 3 . long.
[T. roseolens ae pinelands, and oak-woods, pen. Fla — AIL year.
8. T. a J. G. C. Stem up to l m. tall, usually simple, but often
Hips Pup or elongate o stalks from the axils of some of the upper leaves,
rarely branched, frequently zigzag, p A or villous, often gregarious:
pee rather approximate and distichous or d er P ; blades lanceo-
: s to linear- t olate, or rarely elongate: flowers typieally numerous, some-
es very numerous: sepals uio did E elliptic. d mostly 6-8 mm
pu hairy all over: corolla 3-3.5 em : eapsule oval, about o mm. long,
ones pue on ii d pe fully 9. 5 mm . long. [7. m sie ae
a Sm oods, ous e ces, N Fla. to La., Mo., Ohio,
a Va ot wide | distribution n, Bud va nd in size and habit The "broad-
e ms are very E ud with na times elon ngate leaves
resemble ne of T. reflex , but y be distinguished os that species by
the pubescent sepals. Thr ee va SO re a range there is much variation in
the color of the corolla which varies from deep-violet through pale-violet shades
to white
9. T. fluminensis Vell. Stem and branches widely spreading, up to 1 m. long,
ius leaf-blades ovate, oval or elliptic, 3-9 cm. long, acute, or Dd
il
acuminate, the sheaths ae ciliate: flowers ee in a cluster: ae e, abou
6 mm. long, with a finely pubescent median keel: corolla white, eru mm
wide: capsule subglobose, abou mm. long: seed scarcely 1.5 mm. long.—
(WANDERING-JEW.)—Sandy woods and waste-places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N.
C. Nat. of S. A. and cult.
4. RHOEO Hance. Herbs with erect
or ascending stiff leaves, crowde n
a stout caudex which is a branch of
a fleshy sto blades contracted
above the doe base. Cyme congested,
borne in an involucre of imbricate boat-
like ps s. Petals equal, not clawed.
Capsule oe species
1. R. ~ apo Hance. Leaves
24 dm 1; blades 1 thick,
broadly in. t often purple, es-
pecially so beneath: flower-stalks clus-
tered: spathes 24 em. long: petals white or blue, 5-8 mm. idee. pai 4-5
mm. long.—(BOAT-LILY. n PLANT. — Pinelands and cult. grounds, pen.
—(W. I.)— l ye —A favorite garden plant
in the tropics and ee de m under ie in vin -tropical regions.
COMMELINACEAE 263
5. ZEBRINA Schnizl. Herbs with diffusely branching stems. Lea
blades relatively broad. Cymes borne in involucres of leaf-like bracts with
saccate bases. orolla-lobes essentially
equal. Stamens 6. Capsule slender-
pedieelled.— Two species, Mexican.
1. Z. pendula Schnizl. Stem ae M S
subor
.bieular, 5-8 mm. long: capsule 0011
Or ellipsoid- -ovoid, 1.5 mm. long: seed
about 1 mm. long.—(WANDERING-JEW.)
—Hammoeks, S is Fla. E a i Mex.
I.\—All fa-
vorite house plant of long UA S most frequently used in hanging-baskets.
6. ANEILEMA R. Br. Herbs with diffuse, often creeping stems and
branches. Leaf-blades long and narrow. Cyme subtended by involueres of
leaf-like bracts. Perianth regular. Sta-
mens 3, or rarely 2. Capsule not borne
in athe.—About 60 species, most
ia in the Old World tropics.
A. nudiflorum (L.) Kunth. Plant 1-
: EE tall, the stems often branched: leaf-
1
em. long, ciliate at the base: cymes long-
peduncled: = tals blue or purplish, 5-8
mm. long:
Fla. to Ga. Nat. of E Indies.—Spr.-fall
7. COMMELINA [Plum.] L. Herbs with erect, spreading, or ereeping
stems. Lea tblades o short. Cyme borne in a specialized folded in-
volucre. Perianth irregular, sometimes only slightly so. Corolla blue, at least
the larger petals. Stamens 3 or rarely 2. Capsule hidden in the spat
About 100 B dn ir distributed in temperate and tropical © i
Spr.—su AY-FLOWERS. DEW-FLOWERS.—Some species are -o
grown in pm for their bright-green foliage and bright-blue flowers. Som
tropieal species may be grown in the open in temperate latitudes.
Spathe-like involucre open at the base, the edges not united.
Two posterior petals blue; anterior one much smaller, narrow, white: capsule 2-
celled, 4-seeded : spathe short: plants annual, diffus I. COMMUNES.
All three petals blue, with broad blades; anterior oue
slightly smaller than the posterior: capsule 3-celled,
b5-seeded: plants perennial: spathe elongate. II. LONGICAULES.
d
with ihe carpels 1-seeded, or the posterior one reduced
or obso III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE.
264 COMMELINACEAE
All three petals blue; anterior one somewhat smaller than
the posterior.ones: leaf-sheaths with ferruginous hairs:
capsule with the anterior carpels 2-seeded and the pos-
terior carpel 1-seeded.
I
V. HIRTELLAE.
I. COMMUNES
Plants annual, diffusely spreading, the stems rooting at the
lower nodes: leaf-blades lanceolate: anthers 6. 1. C. communis.
II. LONGICAULES
Plants mainly erect or diffuse with decumbent or climbing
stems and erect branches: involucres mostly 2.5-5 em.
long, long-acuminate: seeds smooth, over 2.5 mm. long.
Spathe about thrice as long as wide: petal-blades reni-
orm, the posterior ones long-claw l
Spathe about four times as long as dim petal-blades del-
toid, the e posterior ones short-clawed. 3. C. Gigas.
Plants with creeping stems and Dh: involucres id
less than 2.5 cm. long, acute: seeds reticulate, 2-2.5 m
Y
C. caroliniana.
Ha
. C. longicaulis.
III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE
Leaf-blades ovate to elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate :
S petals 8-12 mm. long: seeds d fattened’
ant with procumbent ereeping stems and branches 5. C. elegans.
Leaf- ades linear, lanceolate, or linear-lan mE pru Soto dor
petals :
Leaf-blades of a lanceolate type: seeds of E eu red dde 6. C. erecta.
Leaf-blades of a linear or linear-lanceola e type: f
a spheroidal type.
E p 2-3 em. long, mostly with long white hairs
ear the base. T. C. crispa.
EA 1-2 cm. long, rarely with long white hairs
near the base. 8. C. angustifolia.
. IV. HIRTELLAE
Relatively coarse herb with usually clustered spathes. 9. C. virginica.
1. C. communis m and branches
3—10 dm. long, eR ereeping: leaf-
bl aris bend ate, 4—12 cm. long, aeute
or nate: spathe 2-4 cm. long,
mcd pre twice as long as wide: sepals
45 m g: anterior 'petal white,
rhombie- ovate or rhombic-lanceolate; pos-
e ifo ue
long: seeds 3.5-4 long.—Was
de about gardens, put moist neni
various province Ala. to Ark. Mo.
Mass. and N. c —Nat. of ia.—
Equally P home in natural habitats, and
as a weed in waste- HH
2. C. Midi ee Walt. Stem and v iu, erect or pee often more than
1 m. long: leaf- d lanceolate, 8—12 em. long, acute or irm d spa e
2.5—3.5 em. long, mostly pd thrice as Dea edu sepals
B petal - ss than 5 mm. long, au ind rs 5, the E s POM
eeds 3 mm. p or tly so.—Moist sandy soil and cult.
ic Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Miss., "Mo, and S. C.
3. C. Gigas Small Stem and d reclining and creeping, climbing
shrubs and trees, often 3-5 ng: bi Wu p laneeolate, often narrowly
12 em. long o apii acuminate: spathe 4-5 cm. long, about 4 times as e
as wide: sep 4-5 long: era petal pe over 6 mm. :
inc 5, the larger ones 5 2 mm. long: capsule not s en. Hammocks, Lake
Okeechobee region, Fla.—Our most vigorous and a species. The herbage
is frequently ie by cattle.
PONTEDERIACEAE 265
4. C. longicaulis Jaeq. Stem and branehes 3-10 dm. long, re the
roots fibrous: leaf-blades lanceolate i ga ene ee 3-8 e ong, acute:
spathe 1-2.5 cm. long, vius twice as long as wide: Dus aoe pou long.
uu iud pid 5: seeds 2-2.5 mm. E ng. [C. nudifiora (Fl. U. 83]
— (BAB EWFLOWER.)— —Moist soil, sandy places, along a or cult.
Ms various Mead Fla. t o Tex., Kans., Ind., and Ga.; occasional as a
weed N to Pa. Nat. of t
broad, 1.5-2 em. long, acute: capsule about 4 mm. long.—Moist, often sandy
soil, S Fla. and 8 Tex, —(W. I., Mez., C. A., 8.4)
ta L. Stem and bes 2-9 dm. tall, ereet or ascending: leaf-
Pládes ras lanceolate, 3—12. cm. long, acuminate, sparingly hairy about the
mouth of the sheath: spathe 2-3 cm. long, purum e: anterior petal shorter
than the claws of the posterior ones: capsule 4-5 mm. long. [C. virginica (Fl.
SE. U. S.) not L. C. saxicola Sm ic soil, loam, and rocky woods,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and N. Y.
7. ©. pa Wooton. Stem and branches 2-9 dm. long, often decumbent:
leaf- Blades d d pepe linear- po 3-8 em. long, erisped: spathe
en or acuminate: capsule 4-5 mm. dom Sandy or rocky
2-
soil, Tenn, to Tox, CAriz., Colo., had Ind.
8. C. angustifolia Michx. Stem and branches 2-8 dm. long, erect or
Pd leaf- oiv linear, sometimes m so, flat, attenuate: ee
1-2 em. long, a or acuminate: capsul mm. long. [C. hamipila C.
Wri righ boue Nash C. Nashii Bona] Pinelends, sand-d Med and
fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—(W. I.)—The iudicio de sap
is used by the Seminoles to soothe a oie
C. a L. Stem 2-12 dm. tall, simple or sparingly branched: leaf-
blades ae or elliptic, 10-20 em. long, often scabrous: spathes usually
clustered, triangular or PA aoe er Soret , 2-2.5 em. long, acute: petals ovate:
capsule 7-8 mm. long. [C. hirtella Vahl]—Mo ist or wet soil, mostly alluvial
cs and river shores, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo.,
and
Faminty 2. PONTEDERIACEAE — PICKEREL-WEED FAMILY
Bog or aquatic herbs with rootstocks. Leaves alternate: blades di-
lated, narrow, or mere phyllodia. Flowers 1 or several from a bract-like
tube. Gynoecium 3- sgl east but sometimes with a 1-celled ovary. Fruit
a l-seeded duc de or a many-seeded capsule.—. genera is 20 spe-
cies, fresh-water inhabitants in tropical and ine region
Stamens 3: flowers few: perianth salverform
Stamens equal: anthers narrow, erect : leaf-blades narrow. 1. ZOSTERELLA.
Stamens unequal: anthers various, the posterior ones
road, Hasse leaf-blades broad. 2. HETERANTHERA.
Stamens 6: flowers many: perianth "2. -lipped.
Ovary 1-cellec: ars and seed, solitary : fruit indehiscent. 3. PONTEDERIA. .
Ovary 3-celled: ovules, and seeds, many: fruit dehiscent. 4. PIAROPUS
266 P ACEAE
1. ZOSTERELLA Small. Aquatic plants with regularly leafy stems.
Leaf-blades linear, sessile. Spadix 1-flowered. Perianth yellow, regular, the
lobes narrow, nearly equ i Stamens 3,
] h
equal: anthers narrow, erect. Ovary
3-celled: style jn CD —— un-
der the stigma. Ovules numerous. Cap-
sule many-seeded.—T'wo species of tem-
perate and tropieal Ameriea
1. Z. dubia (Jacq.) Small. Stem and
on elongate: leaf-blades mainly 4-
long: perianth lobes linear, 8—
m. lon capsule 4-6 mm. Jong.
[Heteranthera eae (Michx.) Vahl]
(WAT ss.)—Still MI
water, various cS Fla. to Tex.,
Ore, and Ont.—(W. I., Mez.)—Spr.—
-
sum sually ith the foliage
submersed, but with the flowers extending above the water. On muddy shores
the plant sometimes develops a short erect stem
2. HETERANTHERA R. & P. Plants of muddy places, with rootstocks
from which arise short branches bearing a cluster of leaves and a pedunele
with a braet. Leaf-blades broad, long-petioled. Spadix l-few-flowered. Peri-
anth white or blue, the calyx-lobes narrower than the corolla-lobes. Stamens
others: anthers versatile. Ovary 3-celled: styles barely if at all thiekened
under the stigma. Ovules numerous. Capsule many-seeded.—About 8 species,
mostly natives of tropieal Ameriea.—MUD-PLANTAINS
Leaf-blades longer than wide, obtuse at both ends : style glabrous. 1
Leaf-blades wider than long, cordate at the base: style pubescent. 2.
1. H. limosa (Sw.) Willd. Leaf-blades
ovate to elliptic-ovate, 1-4 long:
spadix E _erianth bine: tube
m y
reniformis.
zi
long. — Ditches, DNE Mar and mud,
various provinces, Fla. to N. M., Colo.,
and Va.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
2. H. reniformis R. & P. Leaf- Es
reniform or orbieular- reniform
mostly 1 em. lo ong.— —Shallow water and
mud, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., and
Conn.— (W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A)
| 3. PONTEDERIA L. Aquatic herbs. Leaf-blades narrow or broad, the
basal on tapering petioles. Spadix many-flowered. Perianth 2-lipped, blue with
a yellow spot on the upper lip, the lobes nearly equal. Anthers versatile. Ovary
l-eelled. Fruit with tubercled or incised crests. Seed solitary.—About 8 species,
natives of America.—PICKEREL-WEEDS. DoG-TONGUES. WAMPEES.)—Frequently
ealled BLUE-FLAGS.
P ACEAE 267
Spike densely flowered : perianth mE at least when young: fruits n or oblong
in outline, about twice as long a 1. ordata.
Spike loosely flowered : pd EQUIP and sometimes also
Et at least when young: fruits subglobose in outline,
early or quite as wide "i none. 2. P. lanceolata.
1. P. cordata L. Basal leaves erect, but not very rigid, the tissues soft; blades
broadly ovate to deltoid-ovate and cordate at the base, varying to narrowly
l nd truncate or
bogs, and lakes, various provinces, N Fla. to
Okla., Ont, and N. S.—$Spr.-fall or all
year S.
2. P. lanceolata Nutt. Basal leaves stiffly
erect; blades lanceolate "e vi ema
t the bas
and narrowed or rounde e, vary-
ing to deltoid or ovate and eri sub-
cordate, or deeply cordate; e m leaves
i r tot S
5-6
ce ino stagnant 2 Coastal Plain Fla. to Tex
or all year S.—In pure growth the spikes of this a of the preceding species
make a brilliant show in the landscape.
4, PIAROPUS Raf. Aquatic herbs. Leaf-blades cea sometimes with
inflated petioles. Spadix few-flowered. Perianth somewhat 2-lipped, the
lobes unequal. nthers erect. Ovary 3-celled. Seeds many.—Five species,
mostly natives of South Ameriea.—W ATER-HYACINTHS.
Me orbicular to reniform: flowers in a spike or spike-like pu perianth
r 9 em. wide. 1. P. crassipes.
Leaf-blades ate. flowers in an open panicle: perianth less than
2.5 em. wide. 2. P. paniculatus.
1. P. crassipes (Mart.) Britton. Plants 1-12 dm. tall: leaves with inflated
petioles and mainly orbicular to reniform blades 3-15 cm. broad: perianth
bluish-purple; tube 1.5-2 em. long; limb 4—7.5 em. broad, the lobes longer than
the tube- (Wampr-srrACINTI. RIVER-RAPT. WAMPEE EE.)— Str eams, lakes, ponds,
e ara Coastal Plain, Ga. and Fla.
t In part, at ws Dowd from
cultivation — (W7 IL.,
may cover several squar feet o any
acres of w s Ek is the most pv
especially e of our water plants.
The ae aa brilliant torches dies in
a sea of E Li Paus is & unique
sight. Wheth an immi-
grant from tropical dos cannot be
certainly dete owever, its
growth in the ae cf the rather recently opened up e of the in-
terior of peninsular Florida indieates that it was native ther
268 BROMELIACEAE
2. P. paniculatus (Spreng.) Small Plant 3-6 dm. tall: leaves with slender
petioles and ovate blades, 7—11 em. long: m le 1-1.5 em. long, many-flowered :
TATT deu pk perianth mainly blue or EE - rA -lobes 2
lone 9-11 mm. long: corolla- rs eon slightly longer than and abou
de s the E lobes, the narrower one pale and with 2 bs
blote hes below pm middle.—Ditehes and wet pinelands, pen. Fla. Nat. of
Brazil and cult.—(W. I., C. A., S. A.)
Famity 3. BROMELIACEAE — PINEAPPLE FAMILY
Epiphytie or rarely terrestrial herbs, commonly with scurfy foliage.
Leaves usually crowded at the base of the owering stem: blades entire
Gynoecium 3-carpellary, the ovary superior or inferior: styles united.
es numerous. Fruit baccate or capsular iM 45 genera and 900
species, natives of tropical and subtropical Ameri
Ovary superior: fruit capsular: leaves spineless: plants
epiphytic. Tribe I. TILLANDSIEAE.
Ovary inferior: fruit a syncarp, baccate: leaves spiny:
pian nts terrestrial. Tribe II. BROMELIEAE.
NDSIE
Corolla ee ovoid, or urcéolate: i rec PNE stamens with straight fila-
ents and not dilated upward.
Corolla cylindric; petals of a spatulate type, much longer than the sepals:
capsule ees
Flowers LIN ór 2 together, terminating naked peduncles: style short,
columnar.
Stems pendant, elongate, filiform: flowers surpassed by the slender-
tipped bracts of the involucre. 1. DENDROPOGON.
Stem not pendent, short: flowers exceeding the
short bracts of the involucre. 2. DIAPHORANTHEMA.
Flowers ies to ny in simple or branched
i ike hich Xormingte a eee flower-
talk: style elongate, filifor 3. TILLANDSIA.
Corolla SON urceonale petals o e as long as the
epals or slightly longer: capsule ovoid. 4, CATOPSIS.
oe arae much constricted above the middle:
ns with spirally twisted filaments which are
Spoon likè where the anthers are attached. 5. GUZMANNIA.
II. B
eris plants with a rosette of elongate em from
ich arises a ds flower-stalk upon the top of
which the fruit ripen 6. ANANAS.
1. DENDEOPOGON Raf. Pendent festoon- like epiphytic plants, with
regularly leafy stems. Leaves remote: blades linear-filiform above the base.
Flowers cami ——HRepresented only by the din Species.
1. D. usneoides (L.) Raf. Plant clothed
with B scales. Stems fili T
lo 0
lowish: capsules 15—30 mm. long: seed-
body subulate, 2.5-3 long.—(Lone-
S SPANISH-MOSS. | FLORIDA-MOSS.
CRAPE-MOSS. - PS E S,
especially in hammocks and mps,
Co aa Plain and ay "n "icut
F A ?
QV. I
widely aistribated epiphyte and the most
BROMELIACEAE 269
characteristic feature of the Coastal Plain swamps. "The plant is used as fodder
and in upholstery.
2. DIAPHORANTHEMA Beer. Limp, very gregarious epiphytic plants,
with peduncle-like flowering branches. Leaves several on the short stem or
branches, the blades elongate-subulate, re-
curved from the imbricate bases. Flowers
in a terminal long-peduneled spike. Style
columnar, as long as the ovary or shorter.—
out 6 species, mainly tropical American.
1. - debe (L.) Beer. Plant gray-
fuzzy, 5-15 em. tall, the stems and branches
often’ densely clustered: sae blades peri
E -10 long, 2—4 wide: peduncles
iry: se eod ls 7-9 mm. LIN aeute: petals
viole t, 12-14 mm. long: capsule 2-2.5 em.
long. Pun ai Mad Ee peer
Moss. BuNCH-MOSS.)—Hammocks, rub,
prem swamps, me pinela i. Coa "s rd Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I. Mex
C. 4A.)—Frequently on insulated electric wires and other unnatural
SERA
. TILLANDSIA L. Stiff, epiphytic, solitary or ‘gregarious plants with
leafy flower-stems. Leaves several or many, mainly in a basal rosette, flat or
dilated and sometimes saccate at the base, those on the flowering stem more or
less reduced. Flowers in simple or branched spikes with imbricate bracts.
tyle filiform, much longer than the ovary.—About 350 species, natives of warm
and tropical America.—AIR-PLANTS. WILD-PINES.
Main rachis of the inflorescence covered with the closely
imbricate more or less distichous bracts. I. FASCICULATAE.
Main D of the inflorescence exposed, the bracts, at
t
flowers sessile : corolla cream-color or ivory- -white. II. UTRICULATAE.
Bracts, flowers, and capsules lax or spreading: flowers
pedicelled : corolla lavender to rose-purple. III. ALOIFOLIAE.
I. FASCICULATAE
Leaves with short slightly-dilated bases which are narrowed
into elongate-subulate straight erect tips. 1. T. tenuifolia.
Leaves with long much dilated bases which are narrowed
into short or elongate curved or twisted tips.
Leaf-bases flat or nearly so, not forming a bulb-like
swelling at the base of ‘the flower-stem
asal leaves erect or ascending, except the more or
less spreading or curled tips.
Inflorescence not contracted, the lateral branches
erect or ascendin
x reis with a concave upper face: stem-
S with ascending or spreading slender
. T. simulata.
Leaf blades with a V-shaped upper face: stem-
leaves with erect or appressed filiform tips. . T. myriophylla.
. T. juncea.
pad.
mn
Nn
=]
c
©
B
A
o
te
fo
B
ud
B
4
©
pe
[er
o
x
ao m» C bd
whic
Leaves and bracts coriaceous: bracts loosely
imbricate and separated in fruit.
Leaves 2 bracts chartaceous: bd per-
ey approximate and closely im-
. T. Valenzuelana.
270 BROMELIACEAE
Leaves stiff, straight or nearly
bristly spreading basal Sor the shor
base abruptly narrowed into an elongate
ate. . T. hystricina.
[en
£e
ag
ihe]
(p
65
[mn
be
Am
(o
et
pæ
"3
H eo
HO
ct
p,
u
mM
ig
B8
[e]
on)
Er narrowed into the rather
e
ko)
c
ct
e
e
n
2
-
ae)
69
n
-1
. T. fasciculata.
Ion inflated, eye a bulb-like swelling at the
the flower stem
Basal “leaves with long pliable whip-like tips: corolla
leav with y re LL
lanceolate, the bracts nar 8. T. Balbisiana.
Basal us: with the tips no tentacle-like, ascend-
ing: stem-leaves with ere ips: spi ikes linear-
liptic, p bracts broa d. 9. T. polystachya.
Basal leaves with short rigid tips: corolla lavender:
flower-stem very short, protruding from the
rece of basal leaves only in fru iei if at all. 10. T. circinata.
II. UrRicUL
Tall plant with numerous long. flat or Ho. due widely
recurving, basal leaves: flower-stem many-flowered. 11. T. utriculata.
III. ALOIFOLIAE
non In with the few short ee leaves, erect or nearly
and spirally twisted: flower-stem few-flow ered. 12. T. diis
1. T. tenuifolia L. Plant green, dark-red, or purple-red, 1-3 dm. tall, the
stems and leaves often in dense clusters: leaves quill-like, often sae the
: spikes wered: petals violet
t 3 em. lon ule 2.
[T. Bartramit El. T. oe LeCont te]
—Hammocks and swamps, Coastal Plain,
Fla. and Ga.—(W. I., C. A., S rk
imulata Small. Plant pale-green or
an
leaves the flower-stem with ong slender
mh mcer quill-like tips, the upper
ones often | red: spikes with the bracts red-
e
capsule » stout, about 3 em. long. [T. angus-
tifolia (Chapm. F1.) ?.]—Hammocks, often along streams and swamps, pen. Fla.
3. T. myriophylla Small. cet gray and reddis uie EE 1-3 dm. tall
the stems few or d js ogethe son leaves erect o rur with the very
slender tips straight o m Jea of the flower- a with elongate almost
filiform but stiff quill- like tips, t e ones often pups -pink: spikes with
the bracts reddish- ame ds ed: eu violet, about 4 em. long: eapsule rather
slender about 2.5 em. long.—Hammocks, often in the hilly parts, pen. Fla.
ds cea (R. & P.) Poir. Plant gray-green, 1.5-3.5 Ma tal, the stems
usually several together: basal leaves mostly as ne of the outer ones
recurved-spreading ; leaves of ae eyed stem with e ne -subulate, a -like
strictly erect or appressed tips, the upper ones Ae red-tinged: spikes con
iur the n branches short, os the whole inflorescence contracted int o
nal m less elongate cluster: bracts n. or red-tinged: petals violet,
Weng 3 Hee ee capsule stoutish, 2.5-3 cm. long—Hammocks, pen. Fla.—
(W. I., C. A., S. A.)
BROMELIACEAE 271
5. T. Valenzuelana A. Rich. Plant light-green or red-tinged, 2-5 dm. tall,
the stems di Or b together: basal leaves with the almost flat tip prise
curled back; f the flower-stem lax with acuminate tips: spikes with
the bracts red- ee or red: petals violet, about t 3.5 em. long: capsule slender
about 3 em i ong. [T. Houzeavi (Chapm. Fl.)]—Hammoeks, S Fla.—(W. I.,
Mex., C. A., 8. A.)—T. sublaxza Baker, seems to be the e simple spiked condition
of this a
6. T. hystricina Small. Plant bright-green, 2-3.5 dm the stem usually
solitary: basal leaves numerous, stiffly spreading, with abripüy ped Pr
bases and stiff nearly flat knife-like tips; leaves of the flower-stem with stiff
Ta ie like tips: spikes few, the bracts mostly green: petals violet, pos
4 cm. long: capsule not seen. —Hammocks, Everglade Keys, S pen. Fla.
7. T. fasciculata Sw. Plant gray-green, except the Mud tonite 2-6 dm. tall,
the stems solitary or few together: basal leaves numer recurved- beard tee
ieee ally attenuate above the widely dilated base; pd of the flower-stem
h broad erect tips: spikes several to ma ay, the bracts yellow, red, or Atl
petals violet, 4.5-5 em. long: capsule 3-3.5 em. long. [T. bracteata ‘Chap m.]—
Hammocks, cypress- puc and rarely pine lands, pen. Fla.—(W. I., Me C2X.,
C. vie S. 4.) —T. Wilsonii S. Wats. was based on seedling plants of this species.
T. Balbisiana Schult. Plant gray-green to the inflorescence, 2-9 dm
the stems solitary or few together: basalleaves few, with tips recurved- Gu
leaves of the flower-stem with lax iis es tips: spikes narrow, ri flat-
tened, the iol p erect, the bracts red: petals violet, about 3.5 em. long:
capsule 4—4.5 cm. E [7. juncea ped F1.)]—Ha mmocks E cypress-
wamps, S Fla.—(W. I., Mex.)
9 : Pobstachen L. Plant dark gray-green or slate-colored up t
florescence, 2.5-6 dm. tall fe stems solitary or few together: basal oe pa
numerous, with long-attenuate slightly involute tips; leaves of the flower-stem
with rigid, erect, stout-subulate tips: spikes usually spar ingly branched, flat-
tened, the eral ones erect or ascending, the bracts red or yellow-tinged:
petals violet, about 4 cm. long: capsule about 4 cm. Duct a. and
cypress- swamps, S pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
cx. e osi Schlecht. Plant gray, 1-2 dm. tall, the stems usually clust-
ered, Mieres s 4-9 together: basal leaves few; lea ves of the flower-stem with
sheathing een and short ie subulate tips: T simple or sparingly
branched, flattened, the lateral ones appressed to the main one: bracts gray
or greenish: petals lavender, reed 3 em. long: pods ar em. long. [T. bulbosa
(Chapm. Fl.) ]—Hammo eks and Kin swamps, S Fla. —(W I., Mex.)
11. T. utriculata L. Plant light-green, 3-20 dm. tall, the stems Suc
leaves numerous, with elongate flat or nearly flat blades attenuate from t
wide bas leaves of the flower-stem more or less remote, with Edita
d the lower ones with elongate tips the upper with slender tips or merely
inflorescence loosely and usually widely branched: spikes with zigzag
jacks and separ RT Loud s petals cream-colored or ivory- shile, about
4 em. long: capsul ong. Pw mmocks, cypress-swamps and serub,
SE Ga. and Fla. ON. 1 N^ A., 8S. A.)— — Our largest wild-pine. The
plants flower once only and pus soon afterward.
12. T. aloifolia Hook. Plant t light- green, 2-9 dm. tall, the stems solitary or 2
or 3 together: basal leaves few, in a cylindric or Rede: opia-like cluster, with
E horizontally banded bases and broad tips; leaves of the flower-stem often
separated, only the lower ones with subulate tips: Ee loosely and
sparingly bran is the pe zigzag: racemes mostly 1-flowered, spreading:
petals pink, 3-4 em. long: capsule 4-6 em. long. (T. utriculata (Chap m. F1]
—Hammocks and cypress- swamps, 8 Fla.—(W. I., C. A.,
272 BROMELIACEAE
CATOPSIS Griseb. Plants resembling Tillandsiae in habit, also epi-
d. Flow
phytic, but inflorescence inconspicuously bracted. wers small and incon-
spicuous: corolla white. Style short or wanting. Capsule die —About 10
species, natives of tropieal and subtropical Ameriea.—All year.—AIR-PLANTS.
Petals oa than the sepals: capsule slightly longer than
the 1. C. Berteroniana.
Petals ‘longer than the sepals: capsule fully twice as long as
the sepals. 2. C. nutans.
1. C. Berteroniana (Schult.) Mez. Plant
yellow: blades of the basal 1 es nar-
rowed to the apex: a m
long: sepals 11-13 lon ns ee
12-13 mm. long, ib ui. pointed. m
mocks, S pen. Fla. and the E s
(W. I.)
2. C. nutans Br Griseb. Plant green:
blades of the basal leaves rather ab-
ruptly samowed. TUM lon ps slender tips:
bracts 4—5 long: sepals 5-6 mm.
long: eid. 11-13 mm. long, attenuate.
a cks, S pen. Fla.—(W. LI.
5. GUZMANNIA R. & P. Plants resembling species of Tillandsia, but
with the blades of the basal leaves less attenuate, the sides above the dilated
e abruptly
and petals, partially united. Anthers
coherent around the stigma. Capsule
elongate —Five species, natives of trop-
ical America.
1. G. monostachya (L.) Rusby. eee
tall: leaves bright-green
recurvi i
ut: brae as
longer: calyx firm, 12-15 mm. long:
ia oo oblong or an shorter than
ube:
capsule becoming 3-3.5 . long.—Hammocks, Everglade Keys,
Fla ——(W. I., C. A., 8. 4. )— The for m with variegated leaves has been intro-
uced into cultivation. The white corolla are in stro ong eontrast to the ver-
milion bracts which, however, in age Dou. green striate
ANANAS Ada — rg with stout scape-like stems.
mainly basal: blades narrow and elongate, spiny-edged. Flowers in a
terminal leafy-bracted spike, "i lower part of which, both ovaries and bracts,
ripens into an rene juicy cone-like fruit.—Five or 6 species, natives of
tropieal Americ
MELANTHIACEAE
1. A. Ananas (L.) Lyons. Leaves. 35-
50, crowded, 1-2 m. long, the marginal
spines ked: stem erect: corolla white
1—4 dm. long, fragrant.—(PINE-APPLE. )
—Pinelands and cultivated grounds, S 11a.
As of trop. Am. and cult.—(W. I.,
, €. A., 8. A, 0. W.)—À tropieal
s ae of the first order; in many
a pos s pla: s not reproduce
iaa
eeds our area,
originating f slips? Pd way
n the area where it is eal ea may
ndum: be found.
Orper LILIALES — LILIAL ORDER
Herbs, eommonly fleshy or grass-like, or vines or trees. Leaves with
narrow or dilated blades, sometimes scale-like or terete. Flowers perfect,
polygamous, or dioecious, complete, mostly regular. Perianth of 3-6 mem-
bers which are usually in e into ealyx and corolla, sometimes
partly united. Androecium of stamens. Gynoecium 3-earpellary or
rarely 2-earpellary. Ovary Proc or essentially so. Fruit eapsular or
baccate.
Styles present, distinct or united: stigmas terminal.
Styles ace capsule septicidal and rarely also
loculicidal Fam. 1. MELANTHIACEAE.
Styles. Bare often very "short or obsolete during
nthesis : capsule primarily loculicidal.
Sepals E petals chaffy, persistent, sometimes
on arc
marcesce
Perianth firm and persistent: flowers in va-
riously disposed clusters: stigmas elongate. Fam. 2. JUNCACEAE.
P a h marcescent: flowers in a termin
e-like panicle: sti gmas minute. Fam. 3. NARTHECIACEAE.
Sepals And. petals not chaffy, deciduous.
Her Rus with bulbs, rd z T de
s with bulbs o
itane in umbel: bee “first included in
a. a aa. y a scarious
am. 4. ALLIACEAE.
Flowers solitary or racemose, without
volu Fam. 5. LILIACEAE.
Plants math onal rootstocks. Fam. 6. Co gar cn DICHA:
Herbaceous or shrubby n with stout,
often woody eau dior r tree
Fleshy de style filiform: deat- blades
spiny-to Fam. 7. ALOACEAE.
Fibrous Dinas: “style short and stout, or
obsolete mn E anthesis: leaf-blades ‘not
sniny-toot am. 8. DRACAENACEAE.
Styles wanting: ene introrse, sometimes elongated.
Flowers perfec
Gynoecium 3 -carpellary : fruit a berry Fam. 9. TRILLIACEAE.
E 2- en fruit a Candle Fam.10. ROXBURGHIACEAE.
Fam.11. SMILACACEAE.
Flowers dioeci
Faminy 1. MELANTHIACEAE—BuNCH-FLOWER FAMILY
ennial herbs with long or short rootstocks. Leaves d
iei aps all basal: blades flat or plieate. Flowers borne in a
imple or branched inflorescence, or solitary. Perianth of 3 em and
3 petals. Androecium of 6, or rarely 9-12 stamens. Gynoecium 3-car-
18 |
274 MELANTHIACEAE
pellary: styles distinct. Fruit capsular, septicidal and rarely also loculi-
eidal.—About 40 genera and 150 species, of wide geographic distribution.
Anthers oblong or ovoid, 2-celled.
Anther-sacs introrsely dehiscent.
Anther-sacs extrorsely dehiscent. Tribe II. HELONIEAE.
Anthers CE ed dere E sometimes becoming peltate,
conflue :
Sepals and arate Ria dess Tribe III. VERATREAE.
Sepals and petals with glands at or near the base. Tribe IV. MELANTHIEAE.
TOFIE
prac ae flowers uen b 3 ee Gee: sta-
S 6: anthers er
Flowers in CERERI GPS d nemen seeds unappendaged.
Flowers in centrifugal panicles: seeds appendaged.
Bracts spathe-like : bractlets wanting: stamens 9-12: anthers
versatile.
I qud ne
Flowers perfect: sepals and petals ovate or oblon
Ca pu not depressed, 6-seeded, 2 seeds to each cavity :
fiowers long-pedicelled : leaves slender and w
Capsule ‘depressed, many-seeded : oe net pedicelled:
leaves with flat bl ades and flesh
Flowers dioecious : E and petals E aie spatulate.
III. VERATREAE
AE panieulate: flowers polygamous or monoecious.
Ovary wholly superior: styles MEE petals obtuse.
vary inferi ior “A DE base: styles very short and stout:
Inflorescence rac oe or spicate: flowers perfec
arpels united to near the tips: sepals and Dci narrow :
laments lon Deer r than the petals: capsule with narrow
erect carpe
Carpels uned below the middle: sepals and petals broad:
filaments shorter than the petals: eapsule with turgid
spreading carpels.
IV. e
Sepals and petals with a single gland e
Flowers polygamous : rootstock fibrous- Coated.
Flowers eee rootstock membra s-coated.
Flow in an ovoid or cylindric raceme: perianth
ai nds obovate or suborbicular
Ovary wholly superior: capsule PT or ellipsoid.
Ovary inferior at the base: capsule conic.
Flowers in a widely Dranchins panicle: perianth-
lands obcordate.
Sepals and petals with 2 glands each.
e my clawed: flowers perfect: seeds angled: plant
gla
Petals long-clawed : flowers polygamous: seeds winged:
Fa escent.
TOFIELDIA Huds. Herbs with
2e foliage. Leaves nearly erect.
Flowers perfect, racemose. Petals longer
and more concave than the sepals.—
About 12 species, mostly natives of the
north temperate zone.
1. T. glabra Nutt. Plant 3-6 dm. tall:
eum M — ses e bates
raceme 2-10 cm. long: pe 2 els
duos d pd ng, 2.5—3.5 ae ane
als white, acute: capsule 3- 3.5 5 mm. long.—
( WHITE- FEATHERLING. )—Low pinelands,
Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C.—Fal
Tribe I, TOFIELDIEAE.
1. TOFIELDIA.
2. TRIANTHA.
3. PLEEA.
4, XEROPHYLLUM.
. HELO
MIU M.
7. VERATRUM.
8. STENANTHIUM.
9. SCHOENOCAULON.
10. CHROSPERMA.
11. OCEANOROS.
12. TOXICOSCORDION.
1
3. TRACYANTHUS.
14. ANTICLEA.
15. ZYGADENUS.
16. MELANTHIUM.
MELANTHIACEAE 275
2. TRIANTHA Nutt. Herbs with pubescent foliage. Leaves erect or
nearly so. Flowers perfect, paniculate. Petals greenish-white, longer and
slightly narrower than the sepals.—Three known species, besides the following,
one in Japan.—WOOD-FEATHERLING.
Petals oblong, permanently membranous: capsule 6- E mm. long. 1. T. glutinosa.
Petals cuneate, becoming rigid: capsule 3- 4 mm. lon 2. T. racemosa.
1. T. glutinosa (Michx.) Baker. Plant
5 m. tall: basal leaves with elon-
gate linear blades: panicl
long; pedicels 3-10 mm. 1 tals
ong: pe
. long, much shorter than the
capsule.—Bogs and moist ground, Blue
Ridge and more northern arate N. C.
ium pro Ore. Alas, Ont, and Me.
2. 7. racemosa (Walt) Small Plant
simila. to the preceding in foliage and
abit: panicles 2-10 em. long; pedicels
. long: petals 4-5 mm. lon Na
slightly shorter than the capsule. LTofieldia pubens ran Deok pinelands, in
. J.—Spr.—
acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
3. PLEEA Michx. ane rush-like herbs. Leaves few, erect or nearly
so, striate. Flow in a terminal ra-
ceme with Misi S qu imbricate
spathe-like bracts, green. Sepals slightly
longer than the petals.—One species.
. P. tenuifolia Miehx. Plant 3-8 dm.
tall: basal leaves with eu id n
striate Piin. blades: racem
der, 3-9-flowered; bracts 1.5-2 c EE
acuminat e: sepa als and petals 12-14 mm.
e ~ s firn: fe ink
6-9 long.— ( RUSH-FEATHERL
Pineland swamps, Coastal Plain, Te to
C.—Fall.
4, XEROPHYLLUM Michx. Stout rigid herbs. Leaves very numerous
at the base of the stem, spreading. Flowers perfect, in a raceme-like panicle,
white, each subtended’ by 1-3 narrow
branchlets. Sepals and petals broad,
r
Three known species; besides the follow-
ing 2 occur in western North America.
1. X. asphodeloides (L.) Nutt. Plant
6-15 dm. tall: leaf- blades slenderly at-
iff icl
tenuate, sti wiry: panicle stout,
many-flowered ; AA 1.5-2 em. long;
petals ovate, about mm. long, ob-
tuse: capsule ovoid, a mm. long.—
( TURKEY-BEARD. MOUNTAIN- ASPHODEL.)
276 MELANTHIACEAE
—Sandy acid pinelands, Coastal Plain, N. C. (or Fla.?) to N. J.; pe woods,
Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, N. C., to Tenn. and Va.—Sp r-
5. HELONIAS L. Stout caulescent herbs. Leaves several or numerous
and persistent at the base of the stem, those on the stem much reduced. Flow-
ers perfect, in a dense terminal racem
Sepals and petals narrowly oblong, i
veined. Ovary spheroidal. vules nu
merous in each carpel. Capsule lobed.
—Following is the only known species:
1. H. o L. Plant 1.5-6 dm. tall:
basal lea 12—40 cm. long; blades
OD Seele "to spatulate: raceme. becom-
ing 9-20 cm. long: sepals and MAD
i l lo
bogs,
Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Va. (?) or Del. to Staten Id., N. Y.; and acid
woods, Blue Ridge, N. C.—Sp P Be hyacinth- -scented.
6. CHAMAELIRIUM Willd. Fleshy caulescent herbs. Leaves rela-
tively ae the cauline much narrower than the basal. Flowers dioecious, in
a brac spike or raceme. Sepals an aie clavate-spatulate, those of the
iua flowers much longer than those of the pistilate, all l-nerved.
Ovules 6—12 in each eavity.—Following are the only eee E pes
m.—BLAZING-STARS. DEVIL’S-BITS. SQUIRREL-TAILS.
Capsule ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 7-10 mm. long. 1. C. luteum.
Capsule obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, 12-14 mm. long 2. C. obovale
1. C. d (L.) A. Gray. Stem 2-12
dm. tall, simple: basal leaves ee ;
blades dut to oblong-spatulate,
1st
ows, and pinelands, various Provinces
Fla. to Ark., Mich., Ont., and Mas
2. C. obovale Small. Similar to C. luteum,
flow
but with CD) ers: capsule longer-
Cee 2-14 mm. long. B Ap-
hian provinces, Ala. N. C,
a "Ya. and N. Y.
7. VERATRUM [Tourn.] L. Coarse herbs. Leaves mainly cauline:
blades broad, — Flowers polygamous or monoecious, paniculate, the pan-
icle-branches Rs ent. Sepals E: is glandes, dii , yellow, brown,
or purple, i larger than t ormer. Capsule narrow. Seeds winged
—About 12 species, natives of P» Men temperate iei MN FALSE
HELLEBORES.
MELANTHIACEAE 277
Upper stem-leaves sessile or merely claspin
Pedicels more than twice as long as the PRubtending bracts. 1. V. parviflorum.
Pedicels shorter than the subtending bracts or barely twice
as long. E V. intermedium.
Upper stem-leaves with sheathing bases. . V. viride.
V. parvifiorum Miehx. Stem 6-15 dm
en leaf-blades phe pu iin of oval:
panicle-branches spreading: sepals green-
ish € I E n: ]
5.5 ong.— (HELLEB epica.
Bones "Blue Ridge to circ hian Pla-
teau, Ga. to Tenn., Va. and Va
~Sum.
2. V. intermedium Chapm. Stem 9-15 dm.
tall: leaf-blades A EA dd pan-
E pue ascendin ving up-
ard: sepals and petals bw Qm 8—
10 mm. fone. —Hammocks, M Fla.- —Sum.
3. V. viride Ait. Stem 6—25 dm. tall: leaf-blades oval, or narrower on the
upper n of the stem: panicle-branches ascending: sepa als and petals yellow-
ish-gr tals 1 LE-
i ER
Ga. to Minn. and N. B.—Spr.- —An insecticide is made from the pow-
dered dried roots. Large dtm of is are gathered in the Appa-
lachians.
8. STENANTHIUM Kunth. Graceful caulescent herbs. Leaves mainly
basal: blades elongate, channeled. Flowers polygamous or monoecious, panicu-
late, the panicle-branches glabrous. Sepals and petals white, pinkish, or green,
glandless. Seeds angled.—Following are the only known species.—Sum.—fall.
—FEATHERBELLS. FEATHER-FLEECES.
Perianth white: capsule deflexed, about 8 mm. long. 1. S. gramineum.
Perianth green: capsule erect, fully 10 mm. long. 2. S. robustum.
1. S. gramineum (Ker.) Morong. Ste
8-15 dm. tall, slender: blades of the
m
long,
deflexed.—Dry acid cd and hill-
sides, various provinees, to Miss.,
Ky., and Va.
2. S. robustum S. Wats. Stem 10-20
leaves over 10 . wide: icle plume
like: petals of the pistillate flowers
7-8 mm. long: capsule fully 10 mm. long,
erect —Acid s swamps, various provinces,
G. S. to Ark., Ohio, and Pa.
SCHOENOCAULON A. Gray. Slender scapose herbs. Leaves basal:
I: channeled. Scape simple. Flowers perfect, in slender spikes or
278 MELANTHIACEAE
spike-like racemes. Sepals and pou green, linear, elliptic, or lanceolate,
shorter than the filaments. vules
in each cavity. Capsule of
conic type.—Five known species in North
America
1. S. dubium (Mich.) Small. Scape
9 dm. tall, E 1 a Duos eaves
green; bla ides wide
6-8 mm. wide; pets pon P.
pointed: sepals and petals about 2
mm
. long, the herbaceous tips often
a i ts 2-3 mm. long: cap-
long.
s EON, ca ) — Pinelands,
Coastal Plain, Fla. = pre
10. CHROSPERMA Raf. Stout caulescent herbs. Leaves many at the
base of the stem, few and small above; blades elongate, flat. Flowers perfect,
thick raceme. — and sie
m glandless. Carpels united bel
the middle. Capsule with E m ae
lobes.—-One species.
i. C. muscaetoxicum ( Walt.) Kuntze.
Stem 3—14 dm. tall, sparingly leafy: leaf-
en linear: racemes 5-15 em. lo 8;
bout 14 as thick: sepals oval or subor
Beyer 3-3.5 mm. long: petals elliptie,
4—5 mm. long: capsu ule broader than high
the ED turgid, 4-6 mm. long. [Ami-
anthium muscaetoxicum A. ray
CROW-POISON. FLY-POISON. ST. ELMOS-
FEATHER.) iekets, acid ib. and
pinelands, various m Fla. to Ark
and N. Y.—Sum ery toxic alkaloid is -o in the foliage and the
roots. Cattle are Fon poisoned by eati
11. OCEANOROS Small. Slender
caulescent herbs, the rootstock fibrou
upper ones not fruit-produe
petals cream-colored or d s yellow,
elawless, each with a pale gland. Seeds
RATI
few.—Following is the only known species:
O. leimanthoides (A. Gray) Small.
Stem 5-24 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear:
1 s and petals
th
nus levrmanthoides A. Gray |—Sandy a and acid sand-hill bogs, Coast
Plain, Ga. to S La. and and N. J.; acid woods, Blue Ridge and 1 Appalachian
provinces, Ala. to Va.—Sum.
MELANTHIACEAE | 279
12. TOXICOSCORDION Rydb.
Slender caulescent herbs, the rootstocks
mbranous-coated. L inly basal:
blades elongate. Flowers perfect, rela-
tively few in a raceme or a panicle.
pals an etals white or yellowish,
sometimes clawed, each with a gland above
the base. Seeds numerous.—About 7
species, natives of North America.
1. T. Nuttalli 2 Gray) Rydb. Stem
3-7 dm. tall: r leaves with sheath-
m. long, the gland merging into the surrounding C
HEARTS.)—Prairies, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex. and Kans.—Spr
13. Y HUS Small. Herbs similar to Tosicoscordion. Leaves
mainly basal: blades elongate. Flowers perfect, numerous in a thick raceme.
Sepals and petals white, pink, or purplish-
nown species, the following,
and one in Texas.
1. T. angustifolius (Michx.) Small. Stem
5-10 dm. tall, sparingly leafy: leaf-
blades mn raceme cylindric, 5—10
m. long, about % as thick: sepals
and petals pm 4-5 mm. long: cap-
? FEATHER.)—Moist pinelands,
borders of swamps, Bad sand-hill bogs, Coastal Plain and oeeasionally adj. prov-
inces, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.
14. ANTICLEA Kunth. Herbs similar to Towicoscordion in habit.
Flowe erfect, racemose or panieulate. Sepals and petals greenish or yel-
Seeds numerous.—About 8 species, North
American and Asiatic.
1. A. chlorantha (Richards.) Rydb
ran tals somewhat spatulate,
gland t w the middle, th
blsad elliptie or nearly so, a cap-
sule a ovoid, 1.5-2 long.—
(WHI MAS.) — Rocky "places and
E "Blue Ridge N. C. and various Pn
s N. Y. to S. D., Sask., and N. B.—Sum.
280 MELANTHIACEAE
15. ZYGADENUS Michx. Glaucous caulescent herbs, with horizontal
rootstocks. Leaves mainly basal: blades elongate. Flowers perfect, panicu-
late.
8
angled.—Following is the only known
species.
1. Z. glaberrimus Michx, Stem 5-14
dm. tall: leaf-blades linear: paniele-
branches gpa sepals 11-15 mm.
long, with ovat ute or acuminate
blade a a pu elaw: petals about as
long as the S E to dece]
elliptic, clawless: capsule abou
long.—Sandy m Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La. and Va.—-Sum
16. MELANTHIUM L. — eaulescent herbs. Leaves ~- basal:
blades linear or slightly dilated. Flowers monoecious or polygamous, panicu-
late, the panicle-branches pubescent. pss als and petals white, cream-colored,
or greenish, each with 2 glands above the Po Seeds winged. The genus
comprises only the following species, —Sum.— BUNCH-FLOWERS
Blades of the sepals and petals suborbicular reniform, often
claws : leaf-blades manifestly broadest above the middle. 1. M. latifolium.
rly so
Panicle narrow, élongate, central axis much surpassing the
ME flowers numerous: S barely twice as long f .
e claws of the sepals and petal 2. M. virginicum.
Panicle pre as broad as long, central axis not surpassing
the branches: flowers few: blades fully thrice as ton
the claws of the sepals and petals. 3. M. dispersum.
l. M. es di Stem 5—12 dm. tall: leaf-blades broadened above the
middle, acute minate: panicle 2— : dm. long: perianth whitish: sepals
and i with dus nearly as long a
a blades.—Swamp margins, m "
Sw
and woods, Piedmont and ad adj.
|. provinces, $. C. to Pa. and Con
2. M rginicum L. Stem 7-17 dm.
tall: Mes ME linear, attenuate: pan-
icl 1l-
lands, various provinces, N Fla. to Tex.,
Minn., and R. I.—The persistent perianth
Tem ne red or brown. In the figur
the Creed are partly pulled | hor
the penus -elaw
dispersum Small. Stem 9-20 dm. tall: leaf -blades 2 attenuate:
long as the blades.—Woods, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Miss. an es
3. M.
paniele very broad: perianth mnc sepals and petals with claws about 14 as
N. C.
JUNCACEAE 281
FaAwiLy 2. JUNCACEAE — Rusu FAMILY
nnial or sometimes annual herbs, usually grass-like in habit.
a
Leaves with flat blades, or terete. Flowers scattered along the inflores-
cence-bra or in dense heads. Perianth inconspicuous, whitish, green,
yellowish, or brownish. Calyx of 3 chaff Is. Corolla of 3 petals
nearly or quite similar to the sepals. Androeciu 6, or rarely
or 5 stamens. Gynoecium 3-earpellary. Ovary 1-3-eelled. Fruit a loculi-
cidal capsule, or opening irregularly. Seeds sometimes appen —
Eight genera and about 300 species, of wide geographie distribution.
Leaf-sheaths open: capsule 1- or 3-celled with axial or parietal pecu seeds
many. UNCUS
Leaf-sheaths closed’: capsule 1- celled with basal placentae: seeds 3. . 93 UNCOIDES.
1. JUNCUS [Tourn] L. Glabrous or merely scabrous herbs. Leaves
terete or with flat but thick Dingen Braets subtending the flowers, mostly en-
tire.—About 215 species, most abundant in the Northern Hemisphere.—Spr.—
fall, or all year S.—RUSHES.
Abs bract of the inflorescence terete, not markedly channeled, Pa appearing like
continuation of the scape, the inflorescence thus appearin
i: Aa 1. I. EFFUSI.
Lower bract of the infloreseence not appearing like a continua-
tion of the oe the inflorescence therefore usually appear-
ing Forma
Leaf-blades with their flat surface facing the stem, ie terete
-or channeled, not provided with node-like sep
Flowers bracteolate, borne singly on the inflorescence:
branches, or someti imes clustered, but never capitate. II. BUFONII.
Flowers not bracteolate, capitate on the inflorescence-
branches. III. MARGINATI.
T either terete and not flattened, or flattened or
pressed, with the fiat aa not facing the stem,
hollbw and provided wit
Leaf-blades terete, the pith Bertorated with slender tubes:
clusters of the inflorescence reduced to a single flower
-
a
ABORTIVI.
Leaf-blades either terete, hollow, and with node-like septa,
ened or compressed or both: clusters of the
in inflorescence few-many-flowered.
Stamens 6, one facing each sepal and each petal. | V. ARTICULATI.
Stamens 3, one facing each sepal. . ACUMINATI.
4
lam
I. ErrFUS
id ee borne singly on the phere of the in-
e
Stame ur» als and petals about as long as the capsule:
rim AUN. or acuminate: capsule of an obovoid type. 1. J. effusus.
Stamens 6: sepals and petals about 14 as long as the cap-
sule: petals obtuse: capsule of an ovoid type. 2. J. gymnocarpus.
Flowers not bracteolate, borne in heads on the branches of .
the inflorescence. 3. J. Roemerianus.
II. BUFONII
Leaf-blades flat, but sometimes involute in drying so as to ap-
ear terete. (See also J: dichotomus below.)
Plant annual: inflorescence, exclusive of its ‘bracts, more
than one- third bs AEIR of the plant: anthers shorter
than the filam 4. J. bufonius.
times in J. Coa. and the anthers then longer
than oA filaments
Inflorescence i-3-flowered: leaves with fimbriate au- . .
ricles. 5. J. trifidus.
aie several-many-flowered : leaves with entire
ricles.
Plant caulescent : sepals and petals obtuse. 6. J. Gerardi.
Plant scapose : sepals and petals acute or acuminate.
282 JUNCACEAE
Auricles at the summit of the leaf-sheath mem-
ranous or scarious, whitish.
Auricles membranous, scarcely scarious,
rarely if at all DIOOnBen beyond the
point of insertio
Sepals and DA 2. ‘Be 4m long : capsule
about as long as ie | perianth.
Flowers and fruit conspicuously se-
nd: perianth 2.5-3.5 mm. long:
Sates longer than the filaments:
ee shorter n the inflores-
capsules o
Flowers Cty pel mof at all secund :
perianth long: anthers
E than the 1 filaments : bracts
DE the’ inflorescence: cap-
ules AER ellipsoid or ellipsoid.
Sepals and petals 4-6 mm. long: capsule
shorter than a perian nih,
Auricles scarious, ao prolonged beyond
the point of inserti
AC at the summit of "the e carti-
aginous, yellow to yellow-brow
Leaf- Ren terete, chanaeled along the upper s
side.
Lowest bract les SS than 4 times the length of the n
pence: capsule ellipsoid or obovoid, with the ordinar
dehiscence.
Lowest d rarely less than 4 times the length of the in-
ede : eapsule globose- overs: breaking up irregu-
ariy 1 TA
HI. MARGIN
Stem floating, X SEDE or diffusely dico pira virens of a
subulate t
Stem erect or Hone So: capsule of an obovoid type.
T n nth at least 144 longer than the capsule: anthers
'ellow.
Perianth equalling or barely exceeding the capsule: an- -
hers reddish- brow
ro dur
IV. ABORTIV
ooo thick and woody: leaves rigid: eae compound,
the slender branches diffuse: flowers scattered.
V. ARTICULATI
Leaf-blades divergent from the stem: sepals longer than the
petals.
VI. ACUMINATI
Capsule truly subulate.
Uppermost leaf-shea "s with an almost ROE blade, this
seldom exceeding 1 or 2 cm. in lengt
Uppermost a -sheath with a normal blade few to several
em. i
Stamens Yu long as the petals, the anthers exserted be-
tween
nine considerably shorter than the petals: anthers
Leaf-blades flattened and usua with i incomplete
septa: capsule markedly red the valves in de-
ile eurved n rd in the middle, but united
above
Leaf- blades ore compressed, the septa complete:
2: D e beak pen the valves Separating through-
i Scene,
ae ellipsoid to linear- Tanceolate in outline, obtuse or
E the apex, or sometimes mucronate, but not truly
ate.
Capsule one-half to two-thirds as long as the perianth.
-]
12. J.
bo
13. J.
C2
15. J.
16. J.
17. J.
-J
18.
19.
20. J.
22. J.
24.
. d.
d.
n
J.
. Seeunaus.
interior.
georgianus.
tenuis.
Dudleyi.
dichotomus.
setaceus.
repens.
filipendulus.
marginatus.
aristulatus.
abortivus.
. Torreyi.
megacephalus.
8cirpoides.
polycephalus.
validus.
brachycarpus.
JUNCACEAE 283
Capsule equalling uc perianth in length or exceeding it.
Seed 0.7-2.5 mm. long, the body tapering at either end
into a BIG tail of varying len m
Plant rigid throughout : stem 2-4 m n diameter:
sepals and petals spinescent: noite dark red,
firm, exceeding the perianth by about ¥% their
lengt 25. J. trigonocarpus.
Plant with none of its parts unusually stiff or hard :
stem 2r than 2 mm. in diameter, or the capsule
d erted from the perianth by more than
6. J. canadensis.
Seed 0. 35- O 55 mm. long, the body with a short, rather
abrupt, papilla-like, usually dark-colored apicu-
lation at either end.
Capsule nearly ie the sion of the perianth, the
two together 3.5-5 mm. lon 21. J. diffusissimus.
SEDES equalling or STR HE mes about one-third ex-
E x Et perianth, the two together 2-3.5
Perianth pe 2.5 mm. lon
Larger basal leaf-blades with more than 40
septa: capsule green or straw-colored:
late usually over 5 dm. tall. 28. J. robustus.
us basal leaf-blades with less than 40
ae capsule dark-brown above at ma-
9, J. Elliottii.
Perianth A 5-3.5 mm. long, or if less the cap-
sule straw-colored at "dm. tall. and the
r
and mucronate, about as long as the peri-
nt 0. J. acuminatus.
Sepals “and petals 2-2.5 m lon capsul l
linear-lanceolate in outline, pea dnd
merely apie ec. about one-third exceed-
. ing the peri 1. J. debilis.
1. J. effusus L. Scape 5-12 dm. tall, ibl near the t top: leaf-blades id
lete, or mere acicular rudiments: inflore ce : flowers perfect: matu
perianth 2.5-3 mm. long: sepals and Saal: lanceolate: capsule obovoid, readily
haga rounded at the apex.—(RIcE-
Sorr- H.)—Swamps and low
grounds, various S U. S. and
S —The scapes are
E woven into zat for floor-
covering.
J. gymnocarpus Coville. Scape 3-8
tall: leaf-blades obsolete: flowers
perfect: sepals ovate-lanceolate, apicu-
late: petals ovate, pene use, 1.5-2 mm. long,
Shorter than the sepals: ERN barely
j i s; known only o
ent.—
Coastal Plain in W Fla. and on irn
lachian plateau in E Pa. |
J. Roemerianus Seheele. Seape 5—12 dm. tall: edi blades elongate: flow-
ers mostly dioecious: sepals linear-lanceolate, 2.5—3.5 mm. long: iil linear-
a o n the sepals: capsule longer than the sepals ua RUSH.
H.) ackish marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. N.C
i growth of this dark-hued plant gives a = ont a to eI flats and
salt-ma
4. J. bufonius L. Stem mostly less than 2 dm. tall: leaf-blades flat, or invo-
lute on small plants: panicle diffuse: sepals elliptic- rds 4—6 mm. long,
acuminate: petals linear-elliptie, obtuse, shorter sepals: stamens less
than 3 as long as the perianth: capsule oblong.—Ro nn damp gr B and
dried pools, various provinces, U. S. and S Can.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., $. A )
284 JUNCACEAE
5. ifidus L. Stem 1-3 dm. be Rec blades rudimentary, except that of
E single stem-leaf: per bract mbling the stem-leaf: sepals lanceolate,
m. long, acute: petals elliptic, gee than the sepals: Ar obo pon
Steno soil, Blue Ridge and more northern provinces. N. C. to N Can.(Q.
6. J. Gerardi Lois. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: ee blades elongate-linear: flowers
pan p sepals cs oblong, 2.5—3 mm. long: petals narr A lanceolate,
slightly shorter than the sepals, the midrib green: capsule
BLACK-GRASS RUSH.)—-Salt meadows, Coastal Plain p Nev ew ; England Coast,
Fla. to Me.; Great Lake Lowland, Ill. to Mich.—(0. W.)
7. J. secundus Beauv. aS ape 1—4 dm. tall: flowers Pe AE
sepals becoming 3.5 mm. long: petals as longer than the sepals
long as the e apsule.— ES muddy banks, and "dry es soil, E "Plain
and adj. provinees, N. C. to Me.
8. J. interior Wiegand. Scapes 1-5 dm. tall, pale-green: flowers rather irreg-
ularly borne on the inflorescence-branches and scattered: sepals becoming 4 mm.
long: petals straw-colored, much shorter than the sepals, EE longer than
the MM — Dry woods or prairies, various provinces, Miss. and Tenn. to Ariz.,
Wyo., and Ill.
9. J. georgianus ata Scapes 14 m tall: involueral braet shorter than
e inflorescence: sepals becoming 5-6 mm. long: petals green, slightlv shorter
han the sepals, much longer than the oblong Capsule: —Flat granite rocks,
Pie dmont, Ga. to N. C.
10. J. tenuis Willd. n 2-9 dm. tall: auricles of the leaf-sheaths scarious:
sepals lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, acuminate: petals slightly pud than the
sepals, much longer co the ovoid or obovoid capsule: anthers much shorter
than the filam ts.—(HEMP-RUSH. WIRE-GRASS RUSH.)— m ed paths,
and roadsides, oe pua U. S. and S Can. Introd. in Eu.
11. J. Dudleyi Wiegand. Scape 3-10 dm. tall: auricles of the leaf- sheaths
ori wena sepals 4-5 mm. long, lanceolate, becoming very firm: petals
mens 6; ene s bs the filaments.—Hillsides and damp calcareous soil,
various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., N. M., Wash., Sask., Ont., and Pa. — (Merz. )
12. J. dichotomus Ell. e 2—9 dm. tall: e blades merely terete (flat in
J. piii platyphyitus): Bee rere termin sepals narrowly Eu.
3—4 mm. long, becoming very rigid: petals Ren smaller than the sepals,
2 than the ellipsoid capsule.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Ind., and Mass
inflorescence apparently lateral: sepals lanceolate, 3.5-5 mm. long, very rigid:
petals ovate-lanceolate, much shorte ec the sepals, shorter than the globular-
ovoid or spheroidal le. stamens 6.—Marshes and springy places, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. I. :
14. J. repens Michx. Stem EA N EE 4-6 dm. long: leaf-blades
3-8 em g, cuminate at the : heads 1-8, icled, 5 ow
sae he sep josie lanceolate, piss petals more attenuate than the
n
w
4—
6-1 long, much longer than the columnar capsule:
ai ^» flabellata Desv.]—Streams, ponds, swamps, and ditches, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and Del—(W. I.)
15. J. filipendulus Buckl. Stem dm. tall: basal leaves about 1% as tall as
the stem; blades 1-2.5 mm. wide: heads commonly 2 or 3, 4—7-flowered: sepals
IN "CIV s a MN ——ÉÉ—————S——— slept RS
JUNCACEAE 285
exped attenuate, 4—5.5 mm. long: petals similar to the sepals but ud
longer, nearly twice as long as the narrowly obovo a M stamens 3.—L
grounds perce provinces, Ala. to Tex., and Ten
marginatus Rostk. Stem 1. = dm. tall, somewhat bulbous at the base:
blades of the piis book es 1-3 mm e: heads relatively large, commonly 5—15
together: sepals o 0 ovate-lan dris e, 2.0-3 mm. long, acute: petals obovate
or elliptic- er obtuse, i eae longer than the sepals, slightly longer than
the obovoid pee sule: —Moist grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex
ebr., Ont., ie
17.. J. aristulatus Michx. Stem 6-12 dm tall, markedly bulbous-thiekened at
the base (from thick woody rootstocks in J. aristulatus biflorus) : blades of the
. Basal leaves mainly 3-5 mm. wide: heads rela a small, 20-100: sepals 2-2.5
(mm. long, acute or bu as slightly mE. than the sepals, obtuse or
d io ut as long as the obovoid capsule.—Moist soil or meadows, Coastal
Plai | Pi edmont, and Great Lake Lowland, Fla. to Tex, Mich., and N. Y.—
M 1 Mex M
abortivus Chapm. ia em 3-6 dm. tall, pias a stout rootstock: leaf-
blades o slighty a nodose: panicle-branches filifor sepals laneeolate, 1.5—2
m. long, à : petals slightly longer ma the sepals, obtuse, shorter than the
conic - pond. -margins, Coastal Plain, M. Fla. to S. C.
orreyi A Stem 2-10 dm. tall, from a slender rootstock: pn
he
Dum arid 1-2.5 mm. thick: heads * or rarely nn aggregated, s
passed by the inv eal bract: sepals subulate, 4-5 mm. long: petals bes er
than the sepals, ze dE capsule barely exceeding | the perianth, = beak
1-1.5 mm. lon a w grounds and ditches, various pr ovinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Sask., and Mas
20. J. megacephalus M. A. Curtis. Stem 3-10 dm. tall: pos blades rather
stout, those of the stem-leaves relatively short: heads 8-12 mm. thick, 1—40,
scattered: lowest involucral bract almost bladeless: sepals dre 3-3.5 mm
long: petals shorter than the sepals, less attenuate: eapsule subulate, about as
long as the sepals.—Wet sandy soil or swamps, usually calcareous, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Va.
21. J. scirpoides Lam. Stem 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades terete, 2-3 mm. ias
the septa complete: heads globose, not lobed (or lo pi id sepals about 2 m
long, and capsule about 2.5 mm. long in J. scirpoides us): sepals Pub
late-lanceolate, about mm. dd petal slightly ite te ee ant sepals: cap-
sule slender, mostly 4-5 m ong, thus much exceeding the perianth.—Riv
anks, moist ET ecu e Sw D ‘Coastal Plain and Great Lake Lowland,
Fla. to Tex., Ind., "eur
22. J. p Miehx. Stem mainly 8-il dm. tall: leaf-blades flat, 3-8
mm. broad, the septa incomplete: sepals lanceolate, 3—4 mm. lon ng: ‘petals
slightly shorter and more attenuate: beak of the capsule a aea exserted~ —Ponds
and dit e Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—The spongy leaves are evi-
deu equitant.
23. J. validus ager Stem 4-10, dm. tall, compressed: leaf- blades p
compressed, 2-4 mm. wide, aris complete: heads scattered: sepals subulate-
lanceolate, 'attenuate, 3.5-5 mm. long: petals much shorter than the sepals:
capsule subulate, mueh exe En. the. perianth — Sandy soil, Coastal Plain and
Uca adj. provinces, Miss. to a ex. and Mo.
24. J. brachycarpus Engelm. Ste 2-9 da tall, terete: leaf-blades terete, 2
mm. thiek or less: heads scattered or xis solitary: sepals subulate-lanceolate,
286 JUNCACEAE
long, attenuate: petals about 14 shorter than the sepals: capsule
i slighty shorter than the petals.—Low grounds or sandy places, various
provinces, Ga. to Ark., Ont., and Md
trigonocarpus Steud. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, terete, or nearly so:
blade nearly as thick as the stem: heads usually numerous and 2—4-flo ert
sns lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long, acute: petals somewhat rue than the
sepals: eapsule narrowly pyramidal, nearly twice as long as the sepals.—Sandy
igi od in pinelands, Coastal Plain and Piedmo nt, Fla. to La. and S. C.
26. canadensis J. Gay. Stem 3-12 dm. tall: heads many-flowered, rather
crowded sepals lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long: n longer than the sepals,
tenuate, nearly as long as the stout capsule: capsule dd conie: seeds
PA aied at each end.—Low grounds, various provinces, Ga. to La., Minn.,
and Newf.
27. J. diffusissimus Buckl. Stem 3-6 dm. tall: inflorescence with elongate
widely spre see bane bu heads 3—12-flowered, scattered: e narrowly
eiae cae 5-3.5 mm. long: petals nearly like the cu u
long as the Sende capsule: “seeds abru uptly apiculate.—Low grounds, various
provinces, Ga. Tex., Kans., and Ind.
28. J. oils (Engelm.) Coville. s 6—10 dm. tall: inflorescence with
300-500 heads: sepals subulate-lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long: petals nearly equal to
the sepals: capsule generally slightly p d the 'sepals.—L ow grounds,
Coastal Plain and Interior Provinces, La. to Tex., Kans., Ill., and Tenn.
29. J. Elliottii Chapm. Stem 2-8 dm : inflorescence sees 5-50 pm
(100—200 heads in J. "Blliottá polyonthemas) sepals lanceolate, 2-2.5 1.
long: iue slightly shorter than e sepals: ae exceeding p it ea
(Boc-RUSH.)—Bogs and ditches, a Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
30. acuminatus Michx. Stem dm. tall: heads generally 5—12-flowered:
sepals lanceolate-subulate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: petals slightly shorter than the
sepals: eapsule pe. equalling the s ono ovoid: seeds acute at both ends.—
(KNOT-LEAVED RUSH.)—Moist soil, ditches, meadows, and stream-banks, various
provinces, Ga. E Tex, Minn, n Me.; also in W N. A.— (Mer z.)
1. J. debilis A. Gray. Stem 2-4 dm. tall: heads generally 2—0-flowered:
sepals he lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm. long: petals nearly equalling the E
e dem exceeding the sepa als and petals. [J. acuminatus debilis
gelm.]—Moi ie and wet sandy places, in acid soil, various provinces, Fla.
* Miss, Ark., Mo. R. I.
2. JUNCOIDES Adans. Pubeseent herbs. Leaf-blades flat and relatively
thin, or sometimes involute. Bracts subtending the flowers usually lacerate or
dentieulate. Perianth greenish.—About 65 species, widely distributed.—Spr.
S
Peduncles Eu c by 1 or 2 flowers or by a cyme: capsule of
an ovoid
Filaments deltoid, one-third or one-fourth as long as the an-
hers : peduncles with 1 or 2 flowers 1. J. saltuense.
Filaments uon about as long as the anthers: peduncles
cymose at the 2. J. carolinae.
Penne icon deed "bo compact spikes: capsule of an obovoid
SUIS and petals 3-4 mm. long: eapsule mueh surpassed by
the perianth. 9. J. echinatum.
Sepals and petals 2-2.5 mm. long: capsule surpassing the peri-
anth or about equalling it in length. 4. J. bulbosum.
1. J. saltuense s nald) Small. Plants 1-4 dm stem-leaves 1.5-4.5
em. long: peduncles 1—2-flowered: sepals and petals "broadly lanceolate, E
NARTHECIACEAE 287
ing 3-4 mm. long: filaments Be a a as long as the anthers: style longer than
the stigmas: Eie ule 3.5—4.5 ong.
— Woods, various provinces, "Qa. "ed
Tenn. to Ore., Alas., Ont., and Newf.
— (Asia.)
2. J. carolinae (S. Wats.) Kuntze. yen
1-3 dm. tall: leaf- ics flat, 3-9 m
wide, ciliate, an ed on ee sur-
aces, gland-like pr the blun tip:
petals, 3.5—4 ong, "lanceolate:
filaments noe a as ae as the anthers:
style shorter than the stigmas: capsule
ovoid, surpassing perianth. [J. pi-
losum (Fl. SE. U. i —Woods, Blue
D N. C. and T
J. echinatum Small. Plant 2.5-5 dm."tall: the stem without ie at the
E sepals and petals lanceolate, the tips soft: capsule 2.5- ng.—
Woods and thickets, Piedmont to Sousa provinces, Ga. to Ala., p N. C.
4. J. bulbosum (Wood) Small. a 1—4 dm. tall, en stem arising from a
ree of genta pm and petals ovate- lanceolate, t e tips firm: capsule
inl 5-3 —Woods, thickets, and barrens, A provinees, Ga.
to to "Tex, Kans., eer | MA.
Family 3. NARTHECIACEAE — Boc-ASPHODEL FAMILY
Perennial herbs with elongate rootstocks. Leaves alternate. Flow
borne in an erect narrow e panicle. Perianth of 3 sepals Hie 3
nearly similar petals. Androecium of 6 stamens. P 3-carpel-
.lary: styles united. Fruit ai loculicidal. One us.
. ABAMA Adans. Rush-like caulescent herbs. Reaves mainly basal,
erect and equitant, the blades very narrowly linear. Sepals and petals ob-
seurely 3-veined, candles Five species, in the Northern Hemisphere.—Sum.
Sepals and petals 6-7 mm. long: panicle lax, the flower-
stalks very,slender, much longer than the bracts. . A. montana.
Sepals and petals 4—5 mm. long: panicle compact, the flower-
stalks stoutish, about as long as the bracts or eae So. 2. A. americana.
A. montana Small. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, with remote very narrow leave
panicle lax ; Frais stalks. pudo than the sepals: perianth yellow: anthers Du
ully 1 ong lf a
long as the "RS diera D
ie, 8-10 l
conic, mm. long, long-beaked.—
(MOUNTAIN-ASPRODEL. ) — Swamps, Blue
idge, N. C.
2. A. americana (Ker) Morong. Stem
3-6 dm. tal, with narrow leaves:
panicle close; flower-stalks shorter than
: : :
: . one-
third to MEA as long as the
10-
12 mm.
ASPHODEL. )—Sandy p pine barioni,
oastal Plain, S. c. o N. J.
288 ALLIACEAE
Famity 4. ALLIACEAE — Onion Faminy
Perennial herbs with coated bulbs or corms. Leaves basal or mainly
sepals and 3 petals, persistent. od of 6 stam Gyno
3-carpellary. Ovary superior. Styles united. Fruit a TUE, Edd
—About 20 genera and 360 species, widely distributed.
bros or seeds 1 or 2 in each cavity: plant with an onion-like odor.
D. a in each cavity: scape or stem accompanied by
1. ALLIUM.
Ov Sir "i in each cavity : scape not accompanied by leaves. 2, VALIDALLIUM.
Ovules or a several in each cavity: plant destitute of an
onion-like odor. 3. NOTHOSCORDUM.
1. ALLIUM [Tourn.] L. Alliaceous herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, soft,
flat, hollow or keeled. Perianth white, pink, or purple in our specie tamens
with nearly equal filaments or pane oe —A bout a species of
wide geographic distribution ON GAR
pons with membranous-scaly outer coats.
bel horizontal or nodding: plant scapose: sepals and petals very broad.
erianth campanulate, mostly white or pink; sepals
acute or abruptly pointed. 1. A. cernuum.
pm ur oe mostly deep-purple; sepals obtuse
p no 2. A. allegheniense.
pni erect plant caulescent : sepals and petals relatively
3. A. vineale.
Bulb with "übrousimatted outer coats.
Flowers replaced, at least in part, by bulblet 4. A. canadense.
Flowers neither replaced by, nor oce by bulblets.
vary and capsule not crested : sepals and petals obtuse.
Umbel opi; the pedicels elongate: petals over 4.5
mm. ne 5. A. microscordion.
Umbel mpact or head-like, the pedicels short:
petal E ese than 4.5 mm. long. 6. A. arenicola.
Ovary and capsule crested: AE and petals acumi-
nate. T. A. Cuthbertii.
1. A. cernuum o Scape 2-6 dm. tall, 2-edged: umbel nodding; pedicels
becoming 2-3 cm. long: sepals acute: pons oval or broadly ovate, rounded or
icd de at pa Mm 4.5—6 mm
ong: eapsu — (WILD
d ens Ly E hillsides
and prairies, various provinces
Coastal Plain, S. C. to Tex., Sc iu
N. Y.—Sum
2. A. TED nde Small Scape 3—5
dm. tal, becoming 2-edged: umbel
nodding: pedicels 1.5-2.6 em. long: sepals
obtuse notched at the apex: pe
(MO UNTAIN-RAMP.) —Cliffs and rocky soil,
Blue Ridge to oe Plateau, Ga.
to Tenn. and Va.—Sum
A. e L. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaves terete: umbel erect, i flowers
who oy o or "peti eee with bulblets: laa green, pink, o r purple:
sepals narrowly ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4-5 mm. long: petals slightly longer
than the pr e pons opposite the Pues with 2 lateral appendages.—
ALLIACEAE 289
(FIELD-GARLIC. CROW-GARLIC. RAMP. mw meadows, and thickets, various
provinees, Ga. to Ark., Mo., and N. H. of Eu.
4. A. canadense L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: umbel erect, with most of the flowers
replaced with. bulblets: perianth pink or white: sepals elliptic to elliptic-lanceo-
late, 5-7 mm. long: pe poen lanceolate to lid -lanceolate, slightly longer than
the sepals, acute or aeu Pa at ps S. filaments alternately na ae and
shorter. {A, pui ile Mich A, tinuum Small]— WILD
ONION. ROSE-LEEK.)— — thickets, meadows, and fields, various SA Fla. to
Tex., Ont., and N. B.—Spr.—fal
5. A. pieni id eds Small Scape 2—5 dm. tall: umbel erect, simple: pedicels
over 10 m stly 15-25 mm. long: perianth pink: sepals elliptic to elliptic-
ovate or e PA A 4.5-7 mm. long, obtuse: petals mostly narrower than
th , a ak Chapm. Not = .]—Sandy soil or hillsides, vari-
ous provinces, W Fla. to Tex. and Nebr.—
6. A. are a Small. Scape 1-3 dm. tall: umbel erect: pedicels mostly less
s 10 mm. long: r E EN not tubular: sepals ovate or elliptic-
ovate, or ra a narrower, ong, delicate, or petals narrower
than the sepals.—Sandy od. peer Plain, N Fla. to Tex. and Okla.—Spr
7. A. Cuthbertii Small. Scape 1.5-3.5 dm. tall: umbel erect: pedicels 2—2.5
e p P white: sepals narrowly lanceolate to linear- pan. 6-9
ong, long-acuminate: petals similar A the sepals: stamens alternately
pus and smaller: anthers about 1.5 m . long: capsule Euer. err: TRIPED-
GARLIC.)— Sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Spr.
2. VALIDALLIUM Sm l Allia
ceous herbs. Leaf-blades el Peri-
anth white or pale. Stámens unequal,
the filaments alternately subulate and
lanceolate. — resented only by the fol-
lowing species
1. V. tricoccum (Ait.) Small.
erga blades ee to n etiptie
1- ong: scape 1—4 dm. mbel
do
eae Ee ath white: scio eli iptie,
5-7 mm. long, obtuse: petals oval, longer
than the sepals, somewhat shorter than
the filaments: capsule about 6
broad. EKS. AMP. Raw xis
vao oid )— Rich woods and hillsides, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain,
a. N. B.—Sum.—The bulbs, be eing pleasantly flavored, are much
Sede after by the natives p" rime mountains
3. NOTHOSCORDUM Kunth. Scapose herbs, resembling Allium, but not
ht. Per
odorous. Leaf-blades narrow, od straight ianth white, greenish, or
yellow. Sepals and petals distinct. Pilsnents distinct, Seed s equal.
Ovary glabrous.—About 12 species, mostly in tropical Ameriea.—Spr.—FAL
GARLICS. GRACE-GARLICS.
Leaf-blades narrow, mostly 1-3.5 mm. wide: ovary scarcely longer
than thick: capsule subglobose. 1. N. bivalve.
Leaf-blades broad, mostly 8-12 mm. wide: ovarv much longer than
ick: eapsule obovoid. 2. N. fragrans.
19
290 LILIACEAE
1. N. bivalve (L.) Britton. Plant 1-4
dm. tall, the scape slender: leaf-blades
mostly less than 4 mm. wide, few-veined:
u als
ea su ut
5 mm . long, not an. the as sub-
orbicular.— —Sandy soil, open woods,
rocky places, fields, and prairies, various
.provinees, . Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and
Va.—(Mez.)
N. fragrans (Vent.) Kunth. Plant
t
3-8 dm. tall, the pd stout: E eaf-
crane mostly over 7 wide, many-
ned: umbel im. ps flowered :
hun an wd petals elliptic or d hepa tery above a narrowed base, 9-12 mm
long: capsule obovoid, 8-10 mm. long, with a stout stipe-like base, the valves
N
elliptic. a roadsides, woods, and eult. grounds, Fla. to La. and S. C. Nat.
of Africa.—(W. I., Mex.)
Faminy 5. LILIACEAE — Liny Faminy
Perennial mainly cau'eseent herbs. Leaves alternate to whorled,
ometimes all basal: blades entire or essentially so. Flowers solitary or
variously clustered. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of à petals, together with
e sepals sometimes partially united into a tu ndroecium of
stamens, the anthers distinct. Gynoecium of m earpels. Fruit a
loculicidal eee .—About 100 genera and 1,000 species of wide geographic
distribution
BE dno petals distinct.
ers not introrse: bulbs scaly or solid
is Tribe I. LILIEAE.
introrse: bulbs coated. Tribe II. SCILLEAE.
Sepals and petals partly United:
hes globose-urceolate, blue: anthers very
Tribe III. MUSCARIEAE.
Perianth funnelform, brownish-red or yellow:
anthers elongate. ribe IV. HEMEROCALLIDEAE.
I. LIL
Anthers versatile: leaves several or many, ger seeds flat. 1. LILIUM.
Anthers erect: leaves 2, basal: seeds globose. 2. ERYTHRONIUM.
II. Sci
Sepals and petals elongate: c of a oe — capsule
not three-lobed at the
Filaments not flattened : Dor nth blue or purple. 9. QUAMASIA.
Filaments flattened : perianth greenish-white 4. ORNITHOGALUM.
Sepals and petals short: anthers of an elliptic type: capsule
prominently three-lobed at the apex 5. OXYTRIA.
MUSCARI
III.
Small d ii herb with narrow leaf-blades und e race-
6. MUSCARI.
IV. HEMEROCALLIDEA
Large coarse herb with greatly elongate narrow NR
and large flowers.
~]
. HEMEROCALLIS.
1. LILIUM L. Tall caulescent herbs with scaly bulbs. Leaf-blades flat,
relatively short. Perianth showy, red, orange, or yellow, more or less mottled
with brown or black, the sepals, and petals, distinct. Filaments slightly adnate
LILIACEAE 291
to the sepals and petals: anthers versatile.—A bout 45 species, natives of the
north temperate zone.—Sum.—LILIES
Flower or flowers erect: sepals and petals narrowed into claws. I. ERECTA.
Flower or flowers horizontal or nodding: sepals and petals without
II. NUTANTES.
I. ERE
Leaves erect or QUY so, all alternate: Senai and petals
long-acumina
Leaves spreading, some alternate: sepals and petals merely
acute, or obtus 2. L. philadelphicum.
E
L. Catesbaei.
iod finely roughened on the Heus and nerves be-
ne : sepals and petals not recur
Sepals “and petals erect, abruptly pointed : flowers hori-
ntal 3. L. Grayi.
Sepals and p spreading at the middle, acuminate :
flowers noddin 4. L.canadense.
Leaf-blades smooth : sepals and petals recurved.
oliage green: leaf-blades broadest at or below the middle. 5.
Foliage glaucous: leaf-blades broadest above the middle. 6.
. Catesbaei Walt. Bulb-seales slender: stem 3-8 dm. tall: leaves alter-
nate; blades linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 3-12 em. long: erianth
right-red: sepals 8-12 mm. long, with linear-lanceolate blades: petals with
Lae oe blades: CDL de 1.5-2 e EE
— (LEOPARD-LILY. | PINE-LIL Y.) — Pin
lands and acid swamps, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to La. and N. C.
2. L. philadelphicum L. Ste 3-9 dm.
tall: leaves mainly whorled; blades 2 nar-
rowly E to linear, 3-10 em.
. long, with oblong, elliptic,
h red: petals
L. superbum
). L. ae ORE
e
[c]
"d
£e
a
ua
a
i -CUP :
open woods, often in acid soil, Blue Ridge,
IN. Cu ETE various provinces, Va. to
Ont. and M
3. L. Grayi S. Wats. Stems 5-10 dm. tall: leaves mainly whorled; blades
laneeolate to elliptic or elliptic. lanceolate, 4—12 em. long, rou ughened o on the
edges and the nerves beneath; sepals and ‘petals mostly red, 3.5-4.5 em. long,
c i ule
acute or Sones pointed: cap 3—4 em. long. -LILY. ORANGE-BELL
LILy.)—Acid meadows, dh Ridge to Appalachian d N. €. and Tenn.
to Va. mud ause of its supposed rarity this species is sought by specialists in
lily-eult Mount ea e e in the fall, distinguishing it from the tw
follo E NR by the white.
4.. m 6-15 dm. tall: leaves mainly whorled; blades lan-
ceolate to elliptic | or elliptic- -lanceolate, 5-15 em. long, acute or acuminate,
roughened on margins and the veins beneath: flowers usually few: sepals
and petals E or yellow, often variegated, usually spotted, ae 1. long,
the upper portion spreading: capsule 3—5 c on LLO EL-
W-B ILY Wet ar and m D various provinees, icd Coastal
Plain, Ga. and W Fla. to Mo., Minn., Oe
5. L. superbum Stem Ns d tall: pp; mainly whorled ; boris pb
elliptie- lanceolate, or nearly linear, 5-15 em. long, acuminate, smoo : flow
usually many: sepals and RAE Du. re ed, or orange-yellow, u m De
spotted, baci. m. long, epee from ei the middle: eapsule 3—5 em. long.
rk., Minn.,
292 LILIACEAE
6. L. carolinianum Michx. Stem 6-12 dm. tall: leaves scattered or partly
whorled: blades obovate, e -obovate or oblanceolate, 3—12 cm. long,
bruptly pointed or acuminate: flower usually solitary: ‘sepals and petals
orange-red, purple- spotted, oa E M strongly recurved from the middle,
] T
the midrib wi winged beneath: capsu —4.5 em. long.—(TURK’S-CAP LILY.)—
Woods, often in soil, ‘Co a "Plain. Fla. to La. and N in the Appa-
lachian provinces Va.—The large fragrant flowers of this species
make it a very desirable subject for gardens, where however it is rarely
seen.
. ERYTHRONIUM L. Low herbs with deeply buried corms and sub.
terranean stems. Leaves generally 2; blades dilated. Perianth white or col-
ored, the sepals and petals distinct. Filaments nearly free: anthers erect.—
About 12 species, all, except one, North American.— pr.—DoG-TOOTH VIOLETS,
ADDER’S-TONGUES. LiLLETTE. LILIANS. TROUT-LILIES.
Perianth white, pink, or purplish within: styles united to above
the middle, topped by 3 spreading stigmas. 1. E. albidum.
Perianth yellow within: styles wholly united: stigmas terminal 2. E.americanum.
1. E. albidum Nutt. Leaf-blades ellip-
tic, 5-15 cm. long, often mottled: scape
1-3 dm. tall: sepals and petals white or
pink, i suffused with rose-purple or
albi
red in idum coloratum), curved:
stigmas ‘spreading ud recurved: capsule
1-2 e — (BLONDE-LILIAN.) —Moist
Soil, su mods or hillsides, mu
D Mire Coastal Plain, Ga. to
La., Minn., Ont., and Md.
2. E. americanum Ker. ao blades el-
liptie, 10-15 em. long, commonly mot-
tled: scape 1-3 dm. ie a vind and
petals green or gree sen bu el-
low within or rarely par red, '8- 3.5 em. long, ddr stigmas erect:
capsule 1-1.5 cm. long, defe on the ground.—(AMB E ce banks
and swamps, Bares E nce; Fla. to. Ark., Ont., and N —Rare south-
ard.
3. QUAMASIA Raf. Seapose succulent herbs with coated edible bulbs.
Leaf-blades narrow, elongate. Raceme with narrow bracts. Sepals and petals
blue or purple, distinct. Filaments fili-
for Anthers versatile. EUM longer
than. the ovary. Ovules numerous in
each carpel.—Four species, N orth Amer-
ican
1. Q.hyacinthina (Raf.) Britton. Bulbs
scape 3 m. tall: raceme 8 ng
in anthesis: peri blue, or rarely
white: sepal d petals m
long: capsule 9-1 de. [Camas-
Thickets and meadows, various provinces,
ane Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Minn.,
LILIACEAE 293
and P id r.—Plants often become very abundant in abandoned fields and
n fe ws where the mass-effect of the delicate sky-blue flowers is ex-
m rd ae
4. ORNITHOGALUM [Tourn.] L. Seapose succulent herbs with coated
bulbs. Leaf-blades narrow, elongate. Corymb or raceme bracted. Sepals
and petals white or dirae d l
nearly equal. Filaments flat n-
thers versatile. tyle sho did Gas the
les gs or numerous in
Bc carpel.—About 75 a natives
of Europe, Asia, aa Afri
1. O. um L. Scape 1-3.5 dm.
tall: pes “blades usually pater, E
near the midrib, 2-5 cm
anthers oblon .-OF- BETHL
NAP-AT-NOON. | SUMMER-SNOWFLAK »
fields, and roadsides, various
00
provinces, = . €. to Miss., Ohio, and N. H.—Nat. of Eu.—Spr.—Locally becom-
ing a ba
5. OXYTRIA Raf. Scapose rather wiry herbs, with bulb-like corms.
Leaf-blades elongate and very narrow. Raceme or panicle with short bracts.
Sepals, and petals, white or ~ distinct. [Schoenolirion Torr.]—Four
species, natives of North Amer
Perianth bright-yellow : bracts obtus 1. O. crocea.
Perianth white or greenish-white : Boots acute or acuminate.
D cene mostly simple: bracts acute: seeds 2 mm. lon 2, 0.
Raceme mostly panicled : bracts acuminate: seeds 4 mm. long. 3. O. albifiora.
O. crocea (Michx.) Raf. aa blades 2—4 mm. wide: scape 3-4.5 dm. tall:
rig
e - : g e Es
than the subulate filaments: capsule 4—5
; d A. Gray]
(SUNNY BELL.)— — Sandy soil and swamps,
Coastal Plain and Ere Fla. to
La. and Ga.
2. O. texana (Scheele) ever ae
dm
blades 3-8 mm. wi
tall: raceme simple: sepals nd pte:
greenish-white, 4.5-5.5 ong, much
longer than the ae er ann mb: cap-
sule 3-4 mm. wide.—Wet places, ee
my and adj. P s La.
and W Ten
3. O. albiflora (Raf.) Pollard. Leaf-blades 2-6 mm. wide: scape 4-6.5 dm
tall: raceme branched: sepals and petals white, 5-6 mm. long: capsule 5-6
294 CONVALLARIACEAE
vide. [S. Elliottii Feay.]—-(WHITE-SUNNYBELL.)—Low pinelands and
end mM Coastal Plain and rarely adj. di a Ala., and Ga.
6. MUSCARI [Tourn.] Mill. Scapose succulent herbs with coated bulbs.
eaf-blades elongate, channeled. Racemes dense, inconspicuously bracted.
ere globular to urceolate, commonly deep-blue. Filaments adnate to the
cme -tube e; to near the anthers. nthers nearly as wide as long. -Ovules
2 eae arpel. Capsules 3-angled or 3-winged.—About 40 species, most
Sms: in pu Mediterranean region.—GRAPE-HYACINTHS. BLUE-BOTTLES.
Perianth eylindric-urceolate: anthers borne alternately high and
low on the perianth. 1. M. botr P
Perianth globular-urceolate: anthers borne evenly on the perianth. 2. M.racemosu
1. M. botryoides (L.) Mill Plants 8-25 em. tall: leaves erect; blades mostly
6-8 mm. wide: hene mos tly 2.5-4
m. long; lobes as long as wide, about
equal: style ous than Xn ovary.—
Rather common, about gardens and in
meadows, E U. S. Nat. of Eu.
2. M. racemosum (L.) Mill. Plants 11-
28 em. tall: leaves recurved; blades
mostly 2-4 mm. wi nt
m ia 4.5—
long; lo broader than
long, unequal: sty out as long a
a
the ovary. Woods, mot and rl
gardens, various p N C.
Miss., Md., and N. Y. Nat. of Eu. and
pr.
7. HEMEROCALLIS L. Acaulescent herbs, with thickened coated bulbs.
Leaf-blades elongate-linear. Perianth yellow or orange, funnelform, the lobes
broad, longer than the tube. Fila-
ments adnate to the perianth-tube. Style
elongate. Capsule somewhat elongate.
—About 6 e) natives of Eurasia.
—DAY-LILIE
1. H. fulva L. Plant 1-2 m. tall: leaf-
e cent near
the margins inoluts, crisped: capsule
id d,. 4-6 em. long.—(TAwNv DAY-
Y.)—Meadows, roadsides, and thick-
B various provinces, C. to Pi
Ont. and N. B. N . of de
Sum.—A vigorous colonizer, and often a weed, erowding out native vegetation
in meadows, and on banks and edges of woods.
Famity 6. CONVALLARIACEAE — Iu DE FAMILY
Perennial herbs, with rootstocks. Leaves alternate, sometimes all
basal, dena seale-like.. Flowers in a terminal cluster, raceme, or
ec
CONVALLARIACEAE 205
panicle, or axillary. Calyx of 2 or 3 sepals. Corolla of 2 or 3 petals,
oe ne the im VNDE partially united. Androecium of 4 o
6 stam Gynoecium of 2 or 3 united earpels. Fruit a berry or rarely
a erre bom eapsule — About 25 genera and 220 species, widely dis-
tributed.
Sepals, and petals, distinct or essentially so.
Fruit baccate.
Flowers axillary: leaves scale-like: branchlets l
proliferous. Tribe I. ASPARAGEAE.
pos termin al: leaves, or most of them, not
cale-like : plants not proliferously branched. Tribe II. STREPTOPEAE.
Fr a 'apsule. Tribe III. UVULARIEAE.
Sepals, and petals, partly united into a tube.
Flowers axillary: : anthers sagittate. Tribe IV. POLYXGONATEAE.
Flowers in a inal raceme or panicle.
Perianth campanulate: fruit a berry. Tribe V. CONVALLARIEAE.
Meier tubular, the lobes recurved: fruit a l
capsule. Tribe VI. SANSEVIERIEAE.
ASPARAGEAE
serra with a short scaly eet ond very much-branched
: flowers, and berries, small 1. ASPARAGUS.
II. STREPTOPEAE
Flowers in umbels or umbel-like cymes: leaves apparently
basal.
Flowers in a terminal umbel : ovules 2 in each ovary-cavity. 2. XENIATRUM.
Flowers in a simple or compound umbel-like cyme: ovules
or more in each ovary-cavity. 8. CLINTONIA.
Flowers in racemes or panicles, or solitary: leaves cauline.
Flowers in a terminal raceme or panicle.
po E petals 3 each: SCORE 6: gynoecium 3-car-
4. VAGNERA.
S. end petals 2 each: stamens 4: gynogeium 2-car-
pe ellary. 5. UNIFOLIUM.
Flowers in extra-axillary clusters or solit
Peduncles ae attered along the Oe filaments di-
lated:
rs acute.
Anthers 2o stigmas 3. 6. STREPTOPUS.
Anthers Seite: pede p united. 7. TORTIPES.
Peduncles at the ends of the branches: filaments slen-
der: anthers od se. 8. DISPORUM.
III. UVULARIEAE
Sepals and petals with 2 ridges on either side of a deep nec-
ary: eapsule obovoid or turbinate, 3-lobed. 9. UVULARIA.
bg: and petals without ridges or nectary: capsule elliptic
oval, 3-winged. ` 10. OAKESIELLA.
IV. POLYGONATEA
Epi herbs with thick scarred rootstocks: doses soli-
r few in clusters, nodding. 11. POLYGONATUM.
, nu asi
Seapose herbs with slender rootstocks: flowers in a terminal
ceme on a scape arising between the erect leaves, nodding. 12. CONVALLARIA.
VI. SANSEVIERIEAE
Coarse plants with elongate rootstocks : es erect or nearly
80, fleshy-fibrous : flowers erect or ascending. 13. CORDYLINE.
1. ASPARAGUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs, the branches plume- -like
on account- of the minute branchlets clustered in the axils of the scales. Leaves
296 CONVALLARIACEAE
scale-like. Flowers mainly solitary in the axils, nodding. Perianth white or
yellowish. Berry nodding.—About 100 species, natives of the Old World.
1. A. officinalis L. Stem at first scaly
and succulent, becoming sl d
firmer, 4-20 dm. tall: sepals and petals
mm. long, linear or nearly so, the
latter ged pod the former: berries
diameter.— (ASPARA-
GUS. )—Thickets pend roadsides,
and gardens, various provinces,
Fla. to x Tenn., an of
Eu.—Spr.-sum.—The occurrence of this
esculent outside of vegetable gardens is
due mostly to the agency of birds which
are fond of eating the fruits |
2. IATRUM Salisb. Short-stemmed herbs, the scape unbranched.
Leaves mainly 2 or 3. Flowers erect, in a terminal umbel. Filaments slightly
dilated below. Ovules 2 in each ovary-
vity. an erect or spreading.—
oe spec
1. X. umbelluatum (Michx.) Small.
Leaf- eae ai or big odds
cape as long as
ong, c
the leaves or p Sube nr
5—15-flowered: sepals and Pen. white,
a ed with green and purple dots,
elliptie or oval, 5-8 mm. long: berry
zu ular, 5—7 mm. in diameter, black.
[Clintonia umbellulata Torr. ae e aca
AMORETTE. SPECKLED ‘WOOD - LILY.) —
Woods and hillsides, Blue A pe Ap-
palachian provinces, Ga. to N. Y
. CLINTONTA Raf. Short-stemmed herbs, the scape unbranched.
Leaves 2 or 3. Flowers in simple or eon M umbel-like cymes, the cymes
sometimes reduced to 1 or 2 flowers.
ules
ing.—About. 4 species, natives of North
America and Asia.
1. C. borealis (Ait.) Raf. ncs
elliptie or oval, 1-3 dm. long:
mm. in diameter, bright-blue.— (BALSAM
na LUE-BEAD LILY. YELLOW =
Y.)—Deep woods and swamps, ofte
acid soil, Blue » Ridge and more oe provinces, N. C. to Minn., and Newf.
—Spr.
CONVALLARIACEAE 297
4. VAGNERA Adans. Herbs with simple stems arising from short root-
stocks. Leaves several. Flowers in a terminal raceme or panicle. Sepals and
petals of a linear, lanceolate, or elliptic type. Filaments dilated or inflated.
Stigma obscurely 3-lobed or nearly entire. Ovules 2 in each ovary- -eavity.
id spreading.—About 25 species, natives of North Ameriea and Asia.—
—WI ILD- -"SPIKENARDS. SOLOMON'S-FEATHERS. SOLOMON'S-PLUMES.
Sepals and n broadly linear: filaments inflated, about as long
as the peria 1. V.racemosa.
i and petale narrowly linear: filaments flat, twice as long
s the porig anth. 2. V. australis.
1. V. racemosa (L.) Morong. Ste m 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic-lanceo-
late or elliptic, 5-20 em. long, sessile nee 3—10 em. long, many-flowered:
sepals and petals n 1.5-2 mm. lon
berry globular, 4-6 long, E or
spotted with purple. ‘Smilacina racemosa
Desf. ious pro
—The berries are edible.
V. australis Rydb. Similar to
a v-
es, Ga. and Ala. S Perianth white a as in the preceding species.
UNIFOLIUM Adans. Herbs with simple stems arising from slender
rootstocks. Leaves few. Flowers in a terminal raceme. Filaments filiform
subulate. Stigmas 2. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cavity. Berry spreading.—
Two species, ae following and one in west-
n North America and the Old World.
1. U. canadense (Desv.) Greene. Stem
5—15 em. tall: leaves 2 or 3; blades ovate
to lanceolate, 2-8 cem. long, truncate or
t
HEART-LEAF SOLOMON’S-PLUME.)—Moist
woods, thickets, and springy places, Blue
cs N. C., and various provinces, Va.
o S. D., Man., and Lab.—Spr.
6. STREPTOPUS Michx. Herbs with forking stems arising from short
or elongate rootstocks. Perianth rose, purple, or purplish: sepals and petals
. with recurved tips, not transversely veiny. Anthers sagittate, 2-horned at the
298 CONVALLARIACEAE
apex. Stigmas 3. Ovules several in each
ovary-cavity. Berry drooping.—Two or 3
speeies, widely distributed in the north
temperate zone.
1. S. roseus Michx. Stems 3-9 dm. tall:
leaf-blades oblong to oblong-ova
te or
ovate, 5-12 cm. long, sage a id linear-
Vire or nearly s long,
acumin berries d edt or <
oval- EM 10-19 mm. long.— (Ros SN
: ROSE-BELLS. ROSE-
MANDARIN.) —Woods, Blue Ridge and
more northern provinces, Ga. to Mich.,
Ore., Alas, Ont, and Lab.—Spr.—sum.
. TORTIPES Small. Herbs similar to Streptopus in habit. Leaves
flimsy: blades not transversely veiny. Flowers solitary or 2 together, nodding,
extra-axillary, terminal, the stalk sharply bent or spirally twisted near the
middle. Perianth greenish or whitish: sepals and petals with recurved tips,
the petals keeled. Anthers sagittate, entire at the apex. Stigmas united.
Ovules many in each ovary-cavity. Berry
drooping.—T'wo or 3 species in the north
temperate zone.
l. T. amplexifolius ( L.) Small. Stem
3-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic to
ee lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5—
ong, elasping: iei narrowly
HERUM 9—12 mm. long: berry red, oval,
T us exi-
as., Ont., and Lab.
8. DISPORUM Salisb. Herbs with branching stems. Leaves firm in age,
transversely veiny. Flowers nodding, on straight peduncles near the tips of the
ranches. Perianth whitish, greenish, or yellowish, sometimes spotted: sepals
and petals not recurved at the tip, transversely veiny. Anthers narrowly ellip-
tie. Stigmas 3. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cavity. Berry drooping, mostly red.
[Prosartes Don.]—About 15 species, natives of North Ameriea and Asia.—
Spr.-sum.—FAIRY-BELLS.
Sepals and petals yellowish, black-dotted : filaments 12-15 mm.
ong. | 1. D. maculatum.
Sepals and petals greenish, not dotted: filaments 5-7 mm.
long. 2. D. lanuginosum.
1. D. maculatum (Buckl.) Britton. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate-
lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, 3-6 cm. long: pedicels 5-12 mm. long: sepals and
CONVALLARIACEAE 299
petals 15-20 mm. long, markedly diis the blades laneeolate: filaments over
twice as ie as the anthers bius |
lata Micehx.] — (NoDDING- -MAND =
Woods, Blue Ridge to Appa xc Pla-
teau, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., Ky., an i
2. D. lanuginosum (Michx.) Nichols.
Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong,
base: pedicels 20-30 mm. long: sepals
and petals 14-19 mm. long. scarcely
din _linear- lanceolate: filaments less
seeded, smooth. [P. lanuginosa Don.]—
(YELLOW-MANDARIN. LE various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to
Ark., Minn., and N.
. UVULARIA L. Herbs with terete forking stems. Leaf-blades per-
foliate, membranous, smooth-margined. Perianth mainly yellow. Sepals and
petals acuminate. Anthers longer than the filaments. Ovary nearly globular
or elongate. Seeds about %4 covered with the thin aril.—Represented by the
following species, and possibly another in Ark.—BELLWORTS. STRAW-FLOWERS.
Sepals and petals smooth within, mostly over 3 em. long: anthers
12-16 m
mm. long: leaves pubescent benea 1. U. grandiflora.
Sepals and petals eK within, mostly less than 2.5 em. long: f
anthers 5-8 mm. long : leaves glaucous. 2, U. perfoliata.
U. grandiflora J. E. Smith. Relatively
ed than U. perfoliata: leaf-blades
T due to elliptic-lanceolate: pedicels 10—
40 mm. long: anther-connectives blunt.—
Rich poe and thiekets, various prov-
us N of pi ES Plain, Ga. to Okla.,
d N. H.
, Que.,
. perfoliata L. Stem 1-8 dm.
leaf-blades elliptic or dy or slightly
broadened upward, 3-6 cm. long: pedicels
= long: anther-connectives acute
5 mm.
capsule about 1 em. long.—( STRAW-BELL.)
Rich woods and thickets, various p
Fla. to Ark.(?), , and Que.—Spr.
10. OAKESIELLA Small. Herbs with angled forking stems. Leaf-
blades sessile, leathery, scabrous-margined. Perianth yellow or greenish- yellow.
Sepals and petals blunt. Anthers longer than the filaments. Ovary oblong.
Seeds with a swollen spongy raphe.—fFour species, the following and one in
New Jersey.—BELLWORTS. HAY-BELLS. MERRY-BELLS. COW-BELLS.
des oi bractless: sepals and petals not attenuate: capsule dac
and capsule not stipitate: plant puberulent. 1. O. puberula. .
300 CONVALLARIACEAE
Ovary and capsule stipitate: plant glabrous. 2. O. sessilifolia.
T stalk arene an adnate bract: sepals and petals attenu-
capsule beake 3. O. floridana.
Woods,
inces, Ga. and Ala. to W. Va. and Va.
O. sessilifolia (L.) Small. Stem 1-4
m tall: leaf-blades s 3-8 em. long,
bs sepals and petals 1.5-2 em. long,
.3 em.
i
na woods, and banks, various provinces,
Ga. to Ark., Minn., and N. B.—Spr.
tic, 3-8 em. long, thinnish sepals and p pee linear gu attenuate
f [Uvu-
_ il. POLYGONATUM [Tourn.] Mill. Herbs with jointed rootstocks and
simple stems. Leaves spreading: blades sessile. Flowers 1 or few terminating
axillary peduncles, drooping. Perianth white or greenish: lobes erect or nearly
so. Filaments adnate to the middle of the perianth-tube or above it. Berry
globular, blue or nearly black. Seeds flattened. [Salomonia Heist.]—About
20 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Spr.—-SOLOMON ’S-SEALS.
Filaments rough, adnate to the perianth-tube for about 34 its
Je 1. P. biflorum.
Filam ents smooth, adnate to the perianth-tube for about l6
its length. 2. P. commutatum.
citi ace 4—10
bes beneath: pedicels commonly 2
florum (Walt.) Ell. Stem 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or
em. lon
lowered id 8—12 . long: berr
6-8 m n diameter. Moist woods a
banks, - aa provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
., Ont., and N. B.
P. commutatum (R. .)
m. tall: leaf-blades elliptic,
elliptic-lanceolate, oval, or oval-ovate, 5—
g, glabr pedieels usu-
ally more than 2-flowered: perianth 10—
ng: ber = i-
soil, especially near streams, various
provinces, Ga. to La., Utah, Man., Ont.,
and N. H.
ALOACEAE 301
2. CONVALLARIA L. Herbs with slender rootstocks and simple scapes.
Leaves erect; blades sheathing at the base. Flowers n nodding in a 1-sided
raceme, Perianth white: lobes recurved. Filaments adnate to the lower part
of the perianth-tube. Berry globular. Seed rounded.—One species.
jalis L. Leaves 2 or 3 together;
blades e celiptio 1-3 dm. long: scape 1.5—
dm. tall: peria nth 5-7 mm. long:
meter.—( LILY-
THE-VALLEY. \— Woods S, sam in acid soil,
Blue Ridge and Appalachian provinces,
T ps 2 n W. Va. and Va.—Spr.
= e plant t of the southern Ap-
Mean mountains appears to - almost
identieal with the European one, which
is much eultivated and bomo e escapes.
The native American plant usually has a
shorter inflorescence, and has larger
bracts and an oblate seed. ike the
European n it also prefers a rather
acid soil. e flowers are very fragrant.
13. CORDYLINE Adans. Succulent herbs with stout rootstocks. Leaves
erect, flat or nearly terete. Flowers in narrow panicles, erect or ascending.
Perianth white or greenish: lobes narrow,
about as long as the cylindric tube. Cap-
sule membranous. Seeds baecate. [Sanse-
vieria Thunb. a 25 species, natives
of Asia and Africa
1. C. guineensis (L.) B Leaves
4-10 s tall, usually ee po
many-flowered: perianth-lobes linear
linear- us 18 mm. long, curled
ack. [S. guineensis Willd.]— —(AFRICAN
E non mu) — Pinelands, ham-
owever, it is freque with in localities remote from gardens.
The leaves a the feathery ‘panicles arise from the ground often separately.
The leaves furnish a strong fibe
Faminy 7. ALOACEAE — Aror FAMILY
oarse succulent or partly woody plants with a rootstocks
and short caudices terminating in erect flowerin aves alternate,
Style slender, elongate. Fruit
302 DRACAENACEAE
a loculicidal capsule or sometimes baceate.—F our or five genera and 180
species, natives of the Old World.
1. ALOE L. orsa or partly shrubby or arborescent e with
simple or branched eaudie Leaves succulent, often crowded, sometimes ina
tiehous: blades entire or c cie . Flower-stalk eae in a den
me, the flowers mostly oed Perianth mostly red or yellow. aum
and petals partially united. Filaments free: anthers much shorter than the
filaments. vules numero in pes
ovary-eavity. Capsule un elongate.
—About 75 species, mostly natives of
Africa.— ALOES.
1. A. a L. Leaves clustered at the
base M p? fowering stem and ulti-
mately raised with the oie sessile;
blades lanceolate, sometimes narrowly
SO, ong, glaucous, curved, the
mou Enc mostly 1-1.5 em. apart:
flowering stem with broad scale
trict: flowers Wi ce ng, imbricately
crowded: Amm 7-33 mm.
ealyx-lobes and i lobes broadly
lin nag = linear-lanceolate, obtuse, longer
than the tube.—(BITTER-ALOE ARBADOES-ALOE. BAMBOO.)— Sandy fields M
oe A Florida Keys and S Tex. Nat. of i region.—( JF. I.)—Coloni
of this succulent are very persistent on account of the plant’s great vitality.
Its abundance on one of the Florida Keys has led to the naming of the island
Bamboo Key. Used in medicine.
Famity 8. DRACAENACHAE — Yucca FAMILY
Shrubby plants or trees, with woody, ~ copiously leafy,
caudices. io alternate: blade es narrow, firm or rigid, sometimes filif-
erous on the margins. Flowers in racemes or siue. terminating scape-
like stems. Calyx of 3 generally white or greenish sepals. Corolla of 3
petals nearly EA to the sepals. Androecium of 6 stamens. Gynoecium
superior, o nited carpels. Style stout, sometimes obsolete during an-
baccate——Four genera and about 50 species, most abundant in Mex. and
Cent. Am.
Anthers sagittate: ovary elongate: capsule not 3-winged: seeds flat-
tened,
many in pde cavity of the capsule. 1. YUCCA.
eee cordate: ov Bde lar: capsule 3- winged: seeds thick, soli-
r few in She ity. 2. NOLINA.
1. YUCCA [Rupp.] L. Caudex commonly leafy throughout. Flowers
perfect, relatively large, in panicles or racemes. Sepals and petals several-
veined, deciduous. Ovules numerous. Capsule dehiscent, or baccate. iiS
black.—About 18 aia natives of North America.—BEAR-GRASSES. ADAM
NEEDLES. YUCCA
DRACAENACEAE 308
Fruit an erect, dry, dehiscent capsule.
eaf-bla des d ae abru uptly pointed, or rounded at the apex; marginal
ers curly: eapsu venly narrowed to the apex.
Leaf-blades of a linea ee somewhat narrowed toward
both ends, attenuate to the slender apical spine, flat. 1. Y. filamentosa.
Leaf-blades spatulate, abruptly Notion od or dM unded and
concave at the base of the stout apical . Y. concavo.
spin
Leaves long-attenuate; marginal fibers straigh nd capsules
kis ncately narrowed at the apex, the carpels uneven
ngulate. 3. Y. flaccida.
Fruit P drooping c in Y. recurvifolia), pulpy, indehiscent,
berry-like ca
Seed thin n, nie éd: endosperm ev
Lea Yen pou erect or EI odes capsule 6-ribbed :
‘seeds shin 4. Y.
pliable. recurving : capsule 6-winged : seeds dull. 5. Y.
Seed poer; marginless: endosperm ruminated. 6. Y
1. Y. filamentosa L. Caudex short: leaves firm, 3-6 dm. long, erect and
spreading; blades gradually narrowed toward both ends, the terminal spine
dps long and slender, the Ed fibers par short: Joerg stalk 1.5-4
tall: paniele-brane hes E abrou ep-
R » CURLY-
YUCCA.)— S, sandhills, old-fields, and
slice mnn 2. ected from fire , Coa stal
Plain and adj. provinces "Tla. to Miss.,
Tenn., and N. C.; eseaping further N.
ta
A)
ay
6
11 29
X.: Haw Caudex short
Or slightly aa leaves very firm,
*
.7-9.4
most ng, et or ascend-
g; blades spatulate, somewhat plicate,
concave, the terminal Pin d
stout, the marginal fibers long: ing
stalk 2-5 m. tall: i ar Diae ‘glabrous at least at maturity: perianth
similar to that of Y. filamentosa, but t e sepals and p usually broader:
eapsule ellipsoid or somewhat cylindrie, ru m. long: ds nearly circular.—
(SPOON-LEAF YUCCA.)—Sand-dunes and sandy open 001 Coastal Plain, Ga.
Del.
3. Y. flaccida Haw. Similar to Y. filamentosa, but less rigid: leaves pliable,
us straight a the outer ar a panicle-branches pe eae pa
Ec ong: seeds dull, ong.— ie d A.)—Dry o
"onde D. Blue Ridge and renee es due e Ala. to N. C.
. Y. gloriosa L. Caudex becoming 5 m. tall, sometimes branched: leaves
very numerous, firm, 3-5 dm. long, spreading: panicle long-stalked: sepals and
petals 4—5 em. long: Eu n leathery, 5-6 em. long, up qi
seeds lustrous, 6-7 mm. lon T PANISH BAYONET ON LILY YUCCA.)—
Dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to oN. C.; reported from Mis
- Y. recurvifolia Salisb. Caudex commonly 1-2 m. tall branched: leaves
umerous, E smooth-mar gined, a panicle but eae raised
iue the leaves: a. erect, 5-7 em. long, iden. the 6 ribs winged:
seeds dull, 7-8 mm. — (CUR RVE-LEAF YUCCA.)—Dunes, Coastal Plain, Ga.
to La.
304 TRILLIACEAE
6. Y. aloifolia L. Caudex often 1-2.5 m. tall, commonly branched: leaves
very numerous, spreading above, deflexed and deeiduous below, seabrous-
margined: paniele ample and showy, 8-7 dm Tu sepals and petals 4-6 em
and-
long: capsule 7-9 em. long.— ( SPANISH- DAGGER. )— dunes and shell- mounds,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. a a N. C.—(W. I. ied E escaping in pro-
vinces- beyond its 21i ange. The fibe er from the leaves of this, and of
other species of yucca, h id been used by pioneers to make Pm and for string
for hanging up cured. mea
2. NOLINA Michx. Caudex short, the greatly elongate entire or serrulate
leaves spreading on the ground. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, in a virgate or
branching panicle. Sepals i petals d cie entire, marcescent. Ovules 2
in each cavity. Capsule broader than long or as broad as long. Seeds pale.—
About 12 species, natives of North America.—Spr.
Ovary rounded at the ur capsule not notched, at least at the base.
Capsule symmetrical, 8-10 mm. wide : seeds loosely invested
by the eapsule 1. N. georgiana.
id den unsymmetr rical, 3-4 mm. wide: seeds closely in-
ed by the capsule. 2. N. atopocarpa.
Ovary a at the apex: capsule conspicuously notched
at both ends. 3. N. Brittoniana.
N. georgiana Michx. Plant 5-15
din. tall: blades of the basal leaves 3-5
mm. wide: sepals and petals mostly ob-
long, is 3 mm.. eni anthers mostly
oblong: capsule sharply 3-lobed.—Pine-
at and sandhills, Coastal Plain, Fla.
o S. C.
2. N. ko Bartlett. Plant 8-
15 dm tall: blades of the basal leaves
m
mm
bou
glo obular: capsule obtusely 3-lobed.—Pine-
lands, E pen. Fla.
3. N. Brittoniana Nash. Plant 10-20 dm. tall: leaf-blades 6—18 mm. wide
paniele with ereet or strongly vidue branehes: sepals and petals conspicu-
ously glandular at the apex: capsule 9-12 mm. wide, the walls opaque. —Dry
pinelands, pen. Fla.
Faminy 9. TRILLIACEAE —WaAKE-ROBIN FAMILY
Perennial herbs with rootstocks. Leaves in a whorl on the stem
basal and wanting on the mature plant: blades broad. MM leaf- like
in a whorl at the top of the scape or peduncle. Flowers ac solitary
rin a terminal cluster. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals more or
less different from the sepals. oe of 6 stamens. Coa of
3 united carpels. Stigmas 3. Ovules several in each ovary-cavity. Fruit
baccate —Four genera and 34 specie. ees of the north temperate zone.
Flowers several in an umbel-like cluster: sepals A petals nearly alike: flowering
stem with a whorl of leaves and a whorl of bra 1. MEDEOLA.
Flowers solitary: sepals and petals very dierent : flowering stem
(scape) with only a whorl of leaf-like brac 2. TRILLIUM.
TRILLIACEAE 305
MEDEOLA [Gronov.] L. Caulescent herbs, with long brittle root-
Leaves and bracts with thinnish blades. Pedicels slender, more or
ined. Anthers shorter aa
. A A
species.
M. virginiana L. Stem 2-9 dm. m
pen 4—10; blades mra spatulat
or obovate 5-15 em. long: bracts s oe
e d
—15 mm.
CUCUMBER-ROOT. Mibi P — t
woods, various pnt , Fla
Minn., and N. S.— —The os peus.
like root- stock MCN ‘like cucumbers or
raw potatoes.
TRILLIUM L.1 Scapose herbs with firm corm-like rootstocks. Leaves
and ba with thick blades. Pedicel stout, or solitary flower sessile. Corolla
white or of various colors. nthers usually longer than the filaments. About
25 species, of North America and eastern Asia.—Spr.—WAKE-ROBINS. BIRTH-
ROOTS
Flower sessile.
Petals with claw-like bases which are sometimes different
in coloring from the blades. I. RECURVATA.
Petals not narrowed into claw-like blades, normally of one
color throughout. II. SESSILES.
HE pedicelled (Bes 0S in a form of e cues
mas sessile, distinct: Styles wan III. ERECTA
Stiemas terminating a short style. VI. PUSILLA.
I. REC ATA
Bracts narrowed into petiole-like bases: ue with ovate, el-
liptie, oval or obovate blades 1. T. recurvatum.
Bracts not narrowed at the bud petals with linear or linear-
elliptie blades.
Scape smooth and glabro
v odd P Jance in or elliptie blades: anthers
: filaments nearly as long as the anthers. 2. T. lanceolatum.
Bracts “with ovate blades: anthers straight: filaments
much shorter than the anthers. . T. ludovicianum.
Scape a near the top (sometimes glabrous
at maturity).
E
viride.
II. SESSILES
Petals broadly i sd one of them prominently apiculate :
anthers less than 1 em. lon 5. T. discolor.
EEE Dan lanceolate, elliptic, or oblanceolate: anthers
e than 1 cm. lon
Scape prd Saco rent near the top: bracts pubescent on
the veins beneath.
a ea erect: bracts raised above the ground: petals 2-
long: anther-sacs 15-18 mm. long, the con-
nective BOE much prolonged. 6. T. stamineum.
Spe d tage bracts lying flat on the ground : pet-
s 47 long: anther-saes 8-10 mm. long, "iio
aa n prolonged. 7. T. decumbens.
Scape. an nd bracts smooth and glabrou l
Bracts typically 8 cm. long or I sepals 2-3.5 cm.
ong. m 8. T. sessile.
Bracts typically 10 em. long or more: sepals 4.5-5.5
em. long.
1 Prepared in part from the studies of Donald Culross Peattie.
20
206 | TRILLIACEAE
Bracts much longer than s HORE twice as long:
filaments less than 2 m
m nearly or rd Ea eae as long: filaments
e than 2 mm. long
III. A
Bracts oe narrowed into petiole-like bases: ovary 6-angled.
Stigm d curved: petals slightly longer than the
a
m not recurved, spreading or erect-spreadin
ens shorter than the d nr. or barely exceed-
in them: filaments stout, much E than the
flo wers often Pee ill-scen
deas Ard longer than the sti pm fila-
nts slender, as long as the anthers "e eed
lon s the an
rS; nic ud d: y tene fone acu.
nate.
Filame nts 4-6 n long, shorter than the an-
thers ; uber yellow : braets short-acumi-
nate.
Petals Cue
ed.
Flower short-pedicelled: pedicel 0.5-2.5 em. long:
filam n its two-thirds as ae ong the anther or
anther 2.5-4.5 m
Flower ong-pedicelled : pedicel "312 em, long: fila-
ment 4% as long as the anther or less: anther
2
6-15 mm dons
Stigmas straight or nearly so: petals much longer than
e sepals.
Bracts narrowed into petiole-like bases: ovary 3-lobed.
I USILLA
Flower on an erect pedicel or rarely sessile: stamens straight:
filaments about half as long as the anthers.
Flower on a Peers pedicel anche curved: filaments fully
s long as the a
1. T. recurvatum Beck. Scape 1—4 dm. om g en bracts 5—9 cm. long;
ttled, longer mi the
petals purple, the
lades Hier min oval or suborbieular, often
b
petiole-like bases: sepals lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, ee
about
blades ovate, obovate or elliptic,
twice longer than the claws: anthers
9-12 mm. long.—Woods, Gulf Coastal
Plain and Interior aaa Miss. to
Ark., Minn., and Ohi
2. T. lanceolatum Boykin. pick
blades lanceolate to elliptic, . sessile,
g sepals line r linear-lanceolate,
green: petals greenish, the blades linear
or long, about 44 as long as
linear-ob
the claws: anthers 6-8 mm. long.—Moist
woodlands and river bluffs, Le Plain
and adj. provinces, W Fla. to La., Tenn.,
Ga.
T. Underwoodii.
0. T. Hugeri.
um
P
16.
17.
18.
19.
T. erectum.
T. Vaseyi.
. T. simile.
T. cernuum.
. T. declinatum.
randiflorum.
T. Seta.
T. pusillum.
T. Catesbaei.
3. T. ludovicianum Harbison. Scape 0.8-2 dm. tall, glabrous: bracts
5—8
cm. long; blades ovate to broadly ovate, mottled: sepals lanceolate to broadly
lanceolate, purplish at the base: petals purple or greenish above the do
mm.
base, the bl linear or linear-lanceolate: anthers 8-
woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
12
long.—
TRILLIACEAE 307
4, viride Beck. Scape 1-2 dm. tall, pubescent near the top, but often be-
comin um glabrous at maturity: bracts 5-11 em. long; blades oblong to ovate, or
rarely B cur deep-green, often mottled: sepals linear to linear-lanceolate,
2—4 em. long: pet
longer than the claws: anthers 15—20 mm. long.—( WOOD-TRILLIUM.) — Woods
various provinces, Ala. "o Miss, , Kans., | SW Va.
eis pul ges a Scape 1-3 dm. tall glabrous: bracts 4-13 cm. long;
blades oval o l-ovate, mottled: sepals oblong to oblong-lanceolate: petals
broadly ES uisa pi anthers 9-13 mm. long.—Woods, various provinees,
Ga. to N. C.
6. T. stamineum Harbison. Scape 1-3 dm. tall, pubescent near the top:
iii 0—8 em. fae ng; Age ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, semen some-
t pubes S beneath: sepals Ld] lanceolate to elliptie:
ist p coe pm i a anthers 15-18 mm. long.—Rocky woods, various
provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss
T. decumbens Harbison. Scape 0.4-1 dm. tall, pubescent near the top:
nee 4-8 em. long; blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, mottled, B
cent on the veins beneath: sepals lanceolate: petals linear or linear-lan-
ceolate, purple: anthers 9-11 mm. long.—Rocky woods, E dna prov-
ince s, Ala
8. T. sessile L. Scape 1—2 dm. tall: bracts 4-8 em. long; blades oval to sub-
orbicular, often nodi died e. petals narrowly elliptie, maroon:
uu ers 10-12 mm. —(TOAD-SHADE.)—Rich woods, various provinces, Ga. to
d p S
Minn., and x X. zu of roon-
Er nm ple ones. This form possibly represents what Muhlenberg n
luteum. The flowers have a penetrating scent resembling that of the ee
shrub (Calycanthus).
T. Underwoodii Small. Scape 1-3 dm. tall: bracts 10-18 em. long; blades
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or broadly ae lustrous and with 3 shades of
green above: sepals la ee F 5.5 C dude ng: petals lanceolate, elliptie or
)
Re TIME anther -15 mm. long. [T. rectistamineum (Gates
St. J ue oods and TEN a Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala.,
i and Ma
10. T. Hugeri Small. Scape 1-2.5 dm. tall: bracts 10-14 em. long; blades
peer to broadly ovate, green, mottled: sepals scone to ee -lanceolate,
4—5.5 em. long: o elliptie-lanceolate to o dark-maroon or brown:
i 10- 20 mm. long.— ( WHIPPOORWILL-FL R.) —Rieh cn various prov-
inces, Fla. to Miss. [x and N. C.—The typical maroon or s own of the petals
sometimes gives way to yellow or green. Several forms in these paler eolors—
dne broad or petals narrow—have been pro posed. T. luteum (Fl. SE. U. S.)
such a color form. Flowers d as in T. sessile.
11. T. erectum L. Scape 3—6 dm. tall: bracts 8—18 em. long; blades rhombic,
l
often broader than a pedicel 3—10 em. long, pa - is ios nd sepals »
oblong or peony 2-3.5 em. long: petals lanceolate e-lanceolate,
maroon a bro wpurple Mons to yellow, white or white blotched with purple:
anthers 5-9 berry purplish-red. [T. album (Fl. U. 8.)
T. Rugelii Britt. & eb dle] (BROWN-BETH. STINKING-WILLIE. S dh woods,
various provinces, N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala.,
Man., Ont, and N. S.—
Perhaps the most variable of our trilliums. Folisgd ~ floral on: have
furnished the basis for the segregation of several form
308 TRILLIACEAE
12. T. Vaseyi Harbison. Scape 3-6 dm. tall: bracts nee em. long; blades
oval to broadly rhombic, slightly acuminate: pedicel 4-8 ¢ es declined or
nearly horizontal: sepals lanceolate, 4—6 cm. long, A petals erimson or
purple b
rown, ovate to orbicular-ovate: anthers 8—12 long; conneetives
purple.—( AREE MERC EM Oe — Woods or ds Blue Ridge and
Appalaehian provinees, Ga. to Tenn. and N. C. —— of color in the earn or
scant color mA in white- or Scu -flowered form
a: oe Gleason. Similar to T. eus but acer usually larger, 10-18
m. long and broad, broadly obr cesar ery short-acuminate: pe edicel 3 7 em.
ioe RS but e ower uU sepa a pa es to I lanceolate, 2.5-3.5
em. long: petals creamy or white, 3— A ong, broadly ovate or rhombic- -ovate,
obtuse or did anthers 10- 13m d wholly yellow.— Woods, Piedmont
and adj. Blue Ridge, oe and N. C.— The plants are rare and local. The flowers
are deno fragra
14. cernuum L. Scape 2-6 dm. tall: bracts 6-12 em. long; blades some-
nue decidedly bois than long d white, elliptie- lanceolate to ovate, 1.5—
2.0 em. long: anthers 2.5-6.5 . long: seed about 2 mm. long.—Rich woods,
various provinces, in i60 d Plain only N, Ga. to Ala., Mo., Man., and Newf.
15. T. declinatum (A. Gray) Gleason. Scape 2—4.5 dm. tall: bracts 8-17
em. long; blades broadly rhombic, often Par contracted at the base:
pu white, elliptie- lanceolate to ovate, 2— ong: anthers 6— = mm. long:
eed sey 3 mm. M: g.—Alluvial bo lands. Interior Low Plateau and more
N provinces, Ten 0 Mo, Minn., and C N. Y. In some colonies the petals are
pink, a or maroo
16. T. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. Scape 2-5 dm. tall: bracts 6-14 e
long; blades oval or rhombic-oval, acuminate: pedicel "s 8 em. long, e ehe Or
nearly so: ls lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm. long, acute: petals sine or
i . rarely 0 ite wit
green stripes, crisped: berry erect, ick.— (WHITE eg ag Tag
Rich woods, various provinees, E [On Eo ain, N. C. Ark., Minn.,
Que., and Vt.— The ira of the typical plant unfolds i. and later hope
pink. In some forms s pi xc E m the mus eginning o arely green or
white with green strip Occ Du s petals UR yos penned
Colonies sometimes ve ae with n like bas
i7. T. undulatum Willd. Scape 2-5 dm. tall: bracts 6—20 em. long; blades
ovate, longer than the petiole-like ee pedicel erect, 2-6 cm. long: sepa als
lanceolate to Di pr 1.5-2.5 em. long: petals white striped with ink,
oblong to oval, otio e obovate: deny ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, erect,
bright-red. [T. WES NU: Michx. |.— (STRIPED WAKE-ROBIN. PAIN NTED-
LADY. casi et )—Damp us and bogs, often in I iur Blue
Ridge and more northern provinees, Ga. to Mo., Wis., and ? prefer-
ence of this Peo cal northern type of Trillium for a soil 1 do it
from most of the other species of the gen
18. T. pusillum Michx. Scape 1-2 dm. tall: bracts 3-4 em. long; blades
oblong to lanceolate, sessile: Rn ved to Vds Tuc about 1.5
em. long, obtuse: petals white or pink, lin Bs ng to lanceolate: anthers
5-6 mm. long.—Woods, Coastal Plain, S. C. to a., and Ona rk Plateau, Ark.
19. T. Catesbaei Ell Scape 2-5 dm. tall, mottled above: bracts 5-15 cm.
long; blades elliptic or oval: pedicel spreadin or deflexed, 2-5 s
sepals linear or linear-lanceolate, or sometimes spatulate- oblong, . long,
eurled or reflexed: petals pink or sometimes rose, oblong to oblong- ne
SMILACACEAE 309
WAKE-ROBIN. BASHFUL WAKE-ROBIN. )—Woods, P id
adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala. and N. C.
obtuse or abruptly pointed, recurved: berry 1-1.5 em. thick. [T. s
Nutt. ]— (Rosy
Famity 10. ROXBURGHIACEAE — RoxsunGHiA FAMILY
erennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades with palmately
parallel veins. Flowers perfect, in axillary racemes. Calyx of 2 sepals.
Corolla of 2 petals. Androecium of 4 stamens. Gynoecium of 2 united
earpels. Ovary l-eelled. Stigma pom Fruit eapsular.—Three genera
and 8 species, mostly natives of Asi
1. CROOMIA Torr. Caulescont herbs with horizontal rootstocks. Leaves
approximate near the top of the stem. lowers nodding. Sepals and petals
partially united. a. 2-valved.—
Two species, the following and one in
apan.
m C. pauciflora (Nutt.) T Ste
dm. tall simple: Tes blades elip-
ec Or elliptic. ovate, 5-15 . long, e
date at the base, pe WE ‘sepals is
petals Bea tinged with purple, es-
pecially at the base, 3-5 mm. long: fila-
ments puple; eaters yellow: capsule
ovoid, 3-6 mm. long.—(CroomiA.)—Rich
woods, mostly on river-bluffs, astal
Plain and adj. provinces, N Fla. to Ala.
and Ga.—Spr
FaAwiLY 11. SMILACACEAE —Swinax FAMILY
Perennial armed or unarmed vines or low herbs. Leaves a'ternate:
blades ribbed, netted-veined, commonly persistent: petiole usually bearing a
illary unc] f
that of the p Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals. An-
droecium of 6 stamens. Anthers erect. Gynoecium 3-carpellary. Stigma
3, sessile, sometimes elongate. Fruit a berry with 3 bands of strengthen-
ing tissue in the pulp connecting the base and apex.—Four genera an
200 species in tropical and temperate regions.
Stem annual, herbaceous, unarmed : ovules 2 in each carpel. 1. NEMEXIA.
Stem perennial, woody, usually prickly : ovule solitary in each carpel. 2. SMILAX.
1. NEMEXIA Raf. Stems erect or climbing, herbaceous, unarmed, an-
nual. Leaf-blades membranous, broad, often ribbed. owers often carrion-
scented. Perianth pale-green, or aee, the petals usually narrower
than the sepals. Berries black or eoe 10 species, natives of
North Ameriea.—Spr.—CARRION FLOWERS. EAD-MAN’S BRYONYS.—The more
common species are well known for m carrion-scented flowers
Anthers shorter than the filaments: leaf-blades ovate, often cor-
date, not hastate-lobed. I. HERBACEAE.
Anthers about as long as the filaments: leaf-blades lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, more or less hastate-lobed. II. TAMNIFOLIAE.
310 SMILACACEAE
I. HERBACEAE
Mature leaf-blades green and shining beneath, decidedly i eed
nate: sepals and petals of the staminate flowers 4.5-5.5 m
long: berry black.
Mate a MAS beneath, abruptly pointed or short-
e sepals and petals of the staminate flowers
or less, except in no. 5: berry glaucous.
Leaf-blades merely glauc ous oe scales on the stem
below the leaves appress
Mature stem with nuc separated leaves:
2. nae, sepals and petals of the staminate
dd E 3.5 mm. long: seeds 3-5 to a berry, 3.5-4
Hc
. N. pulverulenta.
2. N. herbacea.
| Mature on with leaves clustered near the top: leaf-
d blades edP e Pu sepals and petals of oe
B m ate = 2.5-3.5 mm. long: seeds 2
rry, 4.5-5 2, BS ng. 3. N. biltmoreana.
Leaf- blades SURE or puberulent beneath: scales on
stem below the leaves n or less spreading.
o Sienna, climbing, wit umerous tendrils: pe-
duncles axillary to leaves. 4. N. lasioneuron.
Stem short, not climbing, the pd d wanting:
pe uncles, at least in part, om the axils of
Sscale-like 'braets below the m
Leaf-blades acuminate: sepals and petals of the
staminate flowers 4-5 mm. long: berry with 3-5
seeds. 5. N. ecirrhata.
Leaf-blades acute to mucronate: sepals and petals
of the flowers 2.5-3.5 mm. long: berry with 2 or
3 seeds. 6. N. Hugeri.
II. TAMNIFOLIAE
Sepals and petals of the deos flowers 4 mm. long: pedi-
cels elongate, about 2 em 7. N. leptanthera.
Sepals and petals of the ue das about 3.5 mm. long: ln
pedicels short, less than 1 cm. lon 8. N. tamnifolia.
1. N. pulverulenta (Michx.) Small. Stem stout: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic-
ovate, 8-15 em. long, short-acuminate, usually 9-nerved, cordate at the base:
ams flowers ov
eliptie, or obov 4.5-5.5 mm. lo
those of the ae flowers 3-3.5 mm
long: berry black, 8-10 mm. in diame-
ter, with 3-5 seeds.—Rich w "m vari-
ous Poni rarely Coastal "Plain. INC.
to Tenn., Mo., and S N. Y.
2. N. herbacea (L.) Small. Stem elon-
gate: leaf-blades ovate, m -lan-
eeolate or lanceolate, 4-8 long,
short-acuminate, 7—9-nerved, roun an or
truncate at the base: sepals ‘of s stami-
dodi flowers elliptie or nearl 5—4
. long; those of the 'pistillate c 2
mm. long: berry 6-8 m n diam
—Moist Saat oa ia pm and barrens, various provinces, Ala.
to Nebr. and N. B.
3. N. biltmoreana Small. Stem 2.5-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, ee m.
long: sepals of the staminate flowers Bi sometimes narrowly so, 2. 5.3. 9
long: anthers ellipsoid: berry glau 7-9 mm. lon 2. Hillsides and
Eae Blue Ridge, and adj. provinces, S. a aa N. "
. lasioneuron (Hook.) Rydb. Stem 1-3 long or more: leaf-blades
ovate or elliptie-ovate, or those subtendin im pedu ee laneeolate, 3-5 cm. long,
3-7-ribbed, truncate or cordate at the base, often slightly twisted at the tip:
EE X——KX au FX a ——MMM—MM—ÀÓ————————3u*P£€—Ó—Ó:———————————————-—.-—-—-—----—-———————————ÓÉÉ——— i
SMILACACEAE 311
sepals of the staminate flowers elliptie, pune 4 mm. long; those of the e
flowers ovate-elliptie, 2-2.5 mm. long: anthers linear-ellipsoid: berry 6-9 m
in diameter. [N. diversifolia Small]— ` Moist soil, thickets, woods, and Ple
banks, Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, Ga. to Ala., Colo., Wyo., and
Ont.
5. N. ecirrhata (Engelm.) Small. Stem mostly 3-6 a tall, e with
tendrils: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 8-12 cm. long, e, paler
beneath: sepals of the ds Redi det d rae mm. ie pers ellip-
soid: berry purple-black, 9—11.mm. in dia with 3-5 seeds.—Woods, Blue
d and more northern pray cee Ala. to Mo, ' Ont., and N. C.
N. eri Small. Ste 5 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong-oval, 9-14 c
lo ong, ae or abruptly tom at the apex: sepals of the st aminate "pen
da 2.5-3.5 mm. long: anthers aes berry glaucous, 8-10 mm. in diam-
—Woods, various provinces, N Fla. to Ala. and N. C.
N. leptanthera (Pennell) Small. Stem elongate: leaf- wie triangular-
vate, 6-11 cm. long, 5-7-nerved, cordate at t ba base: sepals of the staminate
flowers s is to linear- -elliptie, a t4m ong: anthers narrowly linear,
1.5-2 mm. long. [Smilax VEA. pg o Piedmont, Ga.
8. N. tamnifolia ( o Small. Hj elongate: leaf- aes Vue ovate A
hastate-lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, 5-7-nerved, truncate or cordate at the bas
the basal lobes rounded: pedes of the pibe nate neu broadly ellipie Eun
3 mm. long: an picis narrowly P pes berry 4— n diam —Moist
sandy soil near streams and acid marshy grounds, Coastal Plain Pun rarely
adj. provinees, S. ct o Miss., Tenn., an ind N.
1. SMILAX L. Stems puri greatly elongate, with very hard wood, and
usually armed with prickles. -blades leathery, prominently ri . Flow-
ers often fragrant. Pd. green. Berry red, blue, or black. poil
e. often Ll very large leaves.—About 220 n most abundant in
ical Am and Asia.—Spr.sum.—GREENBRIERS. | HORSEBRIERS.— The
is of some pics are very vigorous and ae an almost oe
tangle of woody, often die. stems. The large roots of s native
Species i2 a red flour to the aborigines, which was hoe jn gee
meaning red flour-root. The ira of some exotie species are used in medieine
under the name sarsaparilla. |
ac E entire or lobed at the base, sometimes merely erose or with fine prickly
edges: berry globular. (In S. pumila ovoid and red or orange.)
Leaf-blades glabrous, sometimes merely hispidulous or prickly on the veins be-
neath: berry globular
Peduncles much longer than the petioles
Leaf-blades glaucous beneath: berry glaucous. I. GLAUCAE.
. Leaf-blades green: berry not glaucous. II. HISPIDAE.
Peduncles about as long as the petioles or s .
- 3: berry 2- or 3-seeded, maturing the
Ta eason: leaf-blades thin- or firm-cori-
Berry. bla
Leaf- Diodes not reticulate. III. ROTUNDIFOLIAE.
Leaf-blades reticulate. IV. AURICULATAE.
: Berry red. i V. LANCEOLATAE.
DEM D berry 1-seeded, maturing the sec-
ason : leaf-blades thick-coriaceous. VI. LAURIFOLIAE.
Leaf- blades l beneath : aes) ovoid, red or orange. VII. PUMI
Leaf-blades sinuate, the teeth firn or shiny, or the thick
edges sometimes entire : berry black, ovoid. VIII. HAVANENSES.
I. GLA
Vine with terete or nearly terete Eum prr armed with
scattered prickles: ione glaucous 1. S. glauca.
312 SMILACACEAE
II. HISPIDAE
eaf-blades thin-c coriaceous, with the veins pale beneath. 2. S. hispida.
Leaf- blades firm-coriaceous, the veins not pale. 3. S. Bona-Noa.
III. ROTUNDIFOLIA
Leaf-blades not lobed, smooth-margined and ati on the
veins beneath. 4. S. rotundifolia.
AURICULATAE
ed.
IV.
Leaf-blades usually lobed, prominently vein . S. auriculata.
e
V. AANCEOLATAE
Leaf-blades deep-green and shining above, paler beneath: pe-
duncle terete: berry dull-red.
Leaf-blade equally green on both sides: peduncle flattened:
berry bright coral-red.
c
. S. lanceolata.
. S. Walteri.
-1
LAURIFOLIAE
Very vigorous vine, with terete or la ngled bran ches : oe
green or whitish the first year, black the second y
oo
. S. laurifolia.
II. PUMILAE
Soft-woody trailing or low-climbing unarmed vine, the leaves
22 fruits Ji nene the stem pubescent like the leaves:
e seeded.
rry 1- 9. S. pumila.
VIII. HAVANENSES
Rigid prickle-armed vine, with angled stems: leaf-blades with
the TG passus sinuate and spiny toothed or Gades .
berry jet-bla 10. S. havanensis.
1. S. glauca lius Stem Pers branches diffuse or widely climbing, terete or
nearly so, ofte with few scattered n leaf-blades ovate, usually broadly
so, ranging to elliptic- ova i. or orbieular-ovate, or, on vigorous shoots, 0 ae cular-
reniform to pandurate-lanceolate, moy 4-9 em. long, glaucous beneath,
smooth-edged: peduncle longer than the
petiole, very slender: sepals and ueni
j m. lon
Sandy woods, thickets, margins of
swamps, and ra various provinces,
Fla. to Tex. and Mass.—Spr.—
The leaves are d E
2. S. incer. Muhl. Stem and inca
diffuse and high-climbing, mewhat
of S
ly beset with dark or rarely pale,
n abru wW cordate at
staminate flower T or "oo pue 4-5 mm. long: berry globular, 6—8
mm. in du i seed 4—5.5 mm. "s diameter, dark-brown.—( H AGBRIER.
HELLFETTER. BRISTLY-GREENBRIER.)— Rich woods and thiekets, often along
"Streams, various mcd, dd Coastal PO Ga. to Tex., Minn., Ont., N.
—Spr.—The dominant rounding of the le af- -bases, with usually
no dence p m serve to pne EN this from the following species.
3. S, Bona-Nox L. Stem and branches extensively climbing, often high-
climbing, sometimes with scattered rigid subulate prickles, more or less 4-
SMILACACEAE 313
angled: leaf-blades dominantly ovate or broadly RC at least in pen
more or less i is often deltoid or hastate, 3—14 cm. long, p r less
Td erose spiny-margined, glabrous, sometimes pum ekly the veins
beneath, mostly Pune to eordate at the base: sepals and pis of the sta ami-
3d flowers mee nearly 5 mm. long: ber
ck: seed m ;
Pseudo-China ; amnoides (Chapm. F1)] — yd CHINABRIER.
LE. S ie
nd fence-r va ’ :
—The dilation of the leaf-bases resulting in a deltoid or hastate blade is a
mark to distinguish this from the next Dedi. speci
4. S. rotundifolia L. Stem and branches diffuse and often high-climbing,
often armed with remote firm pri sae cue or less four-angled: leaf-blades
ovate varying z eit ovate, or suborbicular (or peau ovate ys lanceo-
late and no edges in P Pi ta),t labrous,
ruptly n hus to su ubcordate at the base, or cordate in 2g very broad leaves
of vigor aie shoots bier and petals of staminate d —6 mm. long:
ron dad n diameter, reddish-brown.— (GREENBRIER. CA ATBRIER.
HORSEBRIER. ) — ts Wo cna "thickets, fence-rows, and stream- ea various prov-
inces, "Fla. to Tex. Minn., Ont., and N. 8. —Spr
5. S. auriculata Walt. Stem and branches diffuse or high-climbing, sometimes
armed with very small priekles, more or less 4-angled, jo ipiis zigzag:
leaf-blades ovate, oval, or elliptie, at ok in outline, r less hastate,
pandurate or rhombic, or pes d on shoots, 2-12 em. ju. Ee a.
or abruptly pointed at the apex, re dedere thiek-margined, glabrous: sepals
and pn of the ons flowers e -elliptic or linear-oblaneeolate, 4—5
mm. long: berry globular, 6-18 mm. in diameter, or rarely rou black, but
sometimes glaucous until maturity: EH about 5 mm. in diameter, brown.
Beyrichit Kunth S. lata Sm wa rr rie ig idi pinelands,
sandhills, and ud m rt to Miss. and N. C.—(W. I.)—8Spr.-
um. or all year
b pi
growth and o difusy on pos pase nd or cover brush. In hammocks t
plants are larger, vigorous and high- eae and when in flower fill a
air with ae a “he leaves are evergre
6. S. lanceolata L. Stem and branches high-climbing, unarmed, often glau-
cous, terete or nearly so: leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate : ovate, 4-10 em. lo ong,
firm-coriaceous, glabrous, smooth-edged, shining above, acute to truncate at the
base: sepals aang petals of the staminate flowers linear- PN te, 4-5 mm. long,
yellowish-green: stamens nearly as actos as d Sume m E r, 5-8 mm.
in diameter, due seed abou : dia. bro 8. ae
Moron S. cinnamomifolia om all|l— Br rusticum RI E. irc —Ri oh woods,
mocks, roadsides, oe other aa puit from fire, Coastal Plain and EU
provinees, N Fla. ex., , and. Va.—Spr.-sum.—iIn the Coastal Plain en
plants, although vigorous, pude leaves with blades of a rather narrow
(elliptic-laneeolate), in or near the adja en o s ]oaf-blades
he le M
aves are evergre uc for winter
e broader, often bis
decorations ‘large und um being shipped from the Gulf States,
7. S. Walteri Pursh. Stem and branches diffusely climbing, sometimes with
scattered prickles near the base, obscurely 4- -angled: leaf-blades ovate, ovate-
lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate, em. long, thin- Pared ins often erose,
5-veined, glabrous, abruptly narrowed to subcordate at the base: sepals and
petals of the sta minate flowers linear or nearly et a o 05 ish:
5-6 mm. long: berry globular, 6—8 mm. in Be ees bright coral-red:
deg fas -6 mm. in diameter, dark- brown.—(SARS SAPARILLA. Cora L-GREENBRIER.
CR
r
af.
F^ wee FC
314 SMILACACEAE
—Pineland ponds, swamps, and stream-banks, in acid soil, Si oed m and
adj. provinees, Fla. to La. and N. J.—Spr. — The leaves are deciduo
. S. laurifolia L. Stem and branches extensively climbing or high-climbing,
sometimes armed with very rigid prickles A Mute on leaf-blades lanceo-
i edes oval, or ovate, or Pata linear, 5-15 cm. lon ng, thick-coriaceous,
eute or rounded, or subcordate e bas vigoro shoo ots, mostly 3-veined:
sepals a HET of the pis ie dower ye jus Or elliptic- linear, 4-5
m. long, or rarely o ar glo o or ovoid-globose, 5-8 mm. in diam me-
P black: seed 4- n dia blaek.—(BAM500-VINE. BLASPHEME-
VINE. )—Non all siia often Bd B m wet woods, ue a ad eddie
m and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and N. J.—(W. L)—
size and vigor this ostelasses our other kinds of E The lU
uad ely hard woody and branches A impenetrable a prd
The character of the fe E in requiring tw ub easons to ripen maly
among our species. The leaves are evergre
~% S. pumila Walt. Stem and Braces trailing or low-climbing, woolly, un-
armed : Ad pe quite uniform, ovate to n -ovate or ovate- d
he bas edun ng
9—10 em. long, woolly beneath, cordate at t : peduncles about as lon
as the pera. or shorter, and like woolly: sepals and petals of ue em
nate flowers linear or linear- TERME abou rn 7 or rarely lo rige
berry ov Me 8 mm. long, red, acute: seed i. t3 m . lon ng, T
red.—(SAR
PARILLA-V NE. a oak woods, sandhills, a. and river- blu
Coastal Plain. 8. to Tex. and S. C. — Fall.— After the manner of our e
witch-hazel this smilax blooms in the fall and ripens its fruit in the oe
The berries, however, may persist on the stems for a year longer
10. S. havanensis Jacq. Stem and branches more or less armed with short
stout, dark-tipped slightly recurved ing pee leaf-blades mostly oval or ellip-
ue varying : ovate or obovate, 4—8 em. long or smaller on branehlets, sinuate
spiny, or sometimes entire, 'often spiny on the midrib beneath: sepa als and
epi elliptie o ovate, about 1.5 mm. long: stamens about 1 mm. long: berry
void, 5-8 mm. long, 1—3-seeded: seed nearly 4 mm. in diameter, brown.—Pine-
—(W. I.
nd leaves. e to h
tallest trees. "Then the spines of the stem nearly or quite disappear and the
leaf-blades are rm and less de: or entirely smooth. The leaves are
evergreen.
milax megacarpa Morong (S. Morong Small) was based on a LLL
sheet containing fragmentary specimens of Smilax laurifolia and S. Wal
ORDER AMARYLLIDALES — AwARYLLIDAL ORDER
Perennial herbs or vines. Leaves with narrow or dilated blades.
Flowers perfect or dioecious, complete. Perianth of 3 sepals and 3 petals,
these distinct or partly united. Androecium of 3 or 6 stamens. Gynoe-
eium mostly 3-earpellary, the ovary wholly or partly inferior.
Leaves not equitant : stamens 6.
Uprig sht herbs : flowers perfect. Fam. 1. LEUCOJACEAE.
vines : flowers dioecious. Fam. 2. TAMACEAE
Leaves equitant: stamens
oe not woolly. Fam. 3. IXIA
rianth woolly. Fam. 4. E ia R
LEUCOJACEAE 315
mity 1. LEUCOJACEAE — AMARYLLIS FAMILY
y succulent, with rootstocks, bulbs, or corms eave
alternate, wholly or mainly basal. Flowers perfect, the perianth some-
times with . Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals, together
with the sepals partially united into a tube. Androecium of 6 stamens, the
filaments sometimes united into a crown. Gynoecium of 3 united earpels.
Ovary ue or half-inferior. Styles united. Ovules numerous.—About
70 genera and 800 species, most abundant in tropic and warm temperate
regions.
Plant B ud. by corms or a rootstocks.
O and capsule half-inferio Tribe I. ALETREAE.
DN end capsule wholly peer
Inflorescence m ke: PTT circumcissile :
leaves grass-li Tribe II. HYPOXIDEAE.
Inflorescence Spica cS racemose, or paniculate:
capsule 3- mn leaves succulent. Tribe III. AGAVEAE.
Plant Perennial by bul
Filaments distinct. Tribe IV. CRINEAE.
Filam ents o with a cup-like or funnelform
membrane (crown). Tribe V. HYMENOCALLEAE.
I. ALETREA
Flowers in a raceme or a spike: perianth granular; lobes rela-
tively short, converging, erect or somewhat spreading: sta-
mens ine uded. 1. ALETRIS.
Il. HYPOXIDEAE
ao n herbs with narrow leaf-blades and very slender
capes 2. HxPOXIS.
III. AGA
Plant with bulbs, dying down annually: eer oes neither
spiny-toothed nor spine-tippe 3. MANFREDA.
Plant with caudices, long-persistent : leaf-blades spiny-toothed
and spine-tippe 4. AGAVE.
IV. CRINEAE
Scapes 1-flowered : stigmas 3. 5. ATAMOSCO.
Scapes 2-several-flowered : stigmas united. 6. CRINUM
V. HYMENOCALLEAE
mates pe pi with strap-like E scape i by
e flower or by a cluster of flow 7. HYMENOCALLIS.
1. ALETRIS L. Caulescent herbs with thick rootstocks and scape-like
stems. Basal leaves spreading. Flowers in an interrupte ed spike or raceme.
Perianth white to yellow, campanulate, cylindric, or obovoid, granular or mealy:
lobes much shorter than the tube. Filaments adnate to the middle of the
pea or above it.—About 8 species, natives of eastern North America and
Asia.—Spr.—fall, or all year 8.—CoLic-RooTS. STAR-GRASSES.
Perianth cylindrie or campanulate: filaments adnate to near the base of the peri-
anth-lobes
Pe run th campanu e, 5-7 mm. long: lobes erect or M d 1. A. aurea.
Perianth cylin em i 'constricted above the middle, 7-10 mm
ong : lobes spreading
Perianth yellow : euis gradually ET into a beak
5 as long as the body. 2. A. lutea.
Perianth white: capsule imo narrowed into a beak as `
lo as the body.
Perianth copiously granular: capsule-body ovoid. . A. farino
Perianth slightly Herpes capsule-body co re A. delent
erm obovo id: filaments adnate to a little above poe middle
the perian 5. A. obovata.
316 LEUCOJACEAE
1. A. aurea Walt. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves oblong to
elliptic, 3-8 em. long: perianth ile lobes broader than long, blunt-tipped:
style short: Ca sule ovoid, 5 mm. long,
e res the
where the plants are ‘elo ose-set and t
golden spikes abundant.
. lutea Small. Stem 3-11 dm. tall:
blades of the basal leaves linear to
linear-lanceolate, or sometimes bro adest
above the middle, 4-12 em. long: peri
anth yellow, 8-10 mm. long; lobes mostly
ovate: capsu ule conic-ovoid, long-beaked.
—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
and Ga.
La.
A. farinosa L. Stem 3-12 em. tall: blades of the pia pais narrowly
d or elliptic, or elongate ~ ene sees 5-30 long: perianth
white or cream-colored, 7-10 mm. long; lob ovate: BE pre capsule
ovoid, abruptly-beak ed.— — (MILLER ’S-MAID oe E.)—Sandy sol, dry woods,
prairies, and pinelands, various provinces, “Fla. to La., Minn., Ont., and Me.
4. A. bracteata Northrop. Stem 3-6 dm. tall: blades of as po
nearly linear to linear-lanceolate, 6-12 em. long: perianth whit ong;
lobes laneeolate to triangular, spreading: capsule conic, any Pe Md
Pinelands, Everglade Keys and adj. Everglades Fla. and the lower Florida
Keys.— (W. I.)
5. A. obovata Nash. Stem 5-8 ps tall: blades of the basal leaves E
elliptie to obovate- pue 6-8 cm. long: perianth white, obovoid,
long; lobes broadly ovate, converging: style very short: capsule nene pes
beaked.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, E Fla. and S Ga.
2. HYPOXIS L. Acaulescent herbs with corm-like rootstocks. Leaves
with elongate-linear or nearly filiform blades. Scapes slender, sometimes tufted.
ments adnate to the base of the perianthAbout 50 species of wide geographic
distribution.—STAR-GRASSES.
d blades linear, often very narrow and somewhat channeled: seeds muricate
pebbled. I. XEARES.
Leaf- blades ad) or filiform-setaceous as a result of the strongly
involute margins : seeds with hieroglyphic-like carvings. II. SETACEAE.
I. LINE S
ip Mu leaf-blades linear, flat 2 p so, at least when green.
f-bas
ases (corm-scales) not breaking down into fibrous bristles.
Capsule x BURG to ellipsoid, 2- a mm. long: leaf-blades
bese 1. H. hirsuta.
a E vate to ellipsoid-clavate, 6-11 mm. long or
maller: leaf-blades glabrous. 2. H. leptocarpa.
Leaf- bases ou scales) breaking down into fibrous bristles. 9. H.rigida.
Seed brown: leaf-blades nar iow. linear, often p ds
Seed ir n eno very short or up to m. long, usually
ess lo
Seed d iridescent ; D ae 4-18 em. long, usually over 5 em.
m
H. sessilis.
LEUCOJACEAE 317
Seed nearly or quite beakless, Poe a corm-
scales membranous, often dark and thicl 5. H. micrantha,
ee oe crudely pebbled : corm-scales ‘becoming fibril-
6. H. Wright.
I.
Plants with elongate corms: perianth bright-yellow. 7. H. juncea.
1. H. hirsuta (L.) Coville. Corm with T pale or brown-tinged
sheaths: leaf-blades 8 mm. wide or less, 1-6 dm. long, pubescent, stiff: scape
slender, gs h, 4-35 em. long, 2-7 flowered: era small, subulate or linear-
subulat sepals lanceolate, elliptic, or
elliptic. lanceola ate, pubescent withou
petals elliptie or ms ovate, 6. 5-15
ong: anthers about 3 mm. long:
mm
long, pubescent: seed 0.8—1.3 mm. long.
[H. erecta L. H. grandis Pollard.|—Dry,
often acid soil, open woods, hillsides,
and pastures, various provinces, Fla. to
Tex. Man., and N. H.—Spr.—fall.
2. E: aee Du dare & Gray. Simi-
lar H. hirsuta in habit, but corm
sr with 1 scales: leaf- blades 15
or less, up to 80 mm. long,
the "leaves, e pubescent e lly stale seape filiform, lax, 1-3-flow
slen
bracts slender, often elongate: sepals linear to narrowly linear- lanceolate, one
ingly pubescent “peta linear lanceolate ee Need or eT -lanceolate, 6.5-8
. lon ng: about long: eapsule clavate ellipsoid-clavate,
6-11 m Ta 2501 us or “sparingly ma md seed m Ros larger than in
H. hirsuta, me decumbens (Chapm. Fl.) H. Curtissii Rose]|—Damp sandy
soil, wet hammocks, swamps, and Baton lands, piled tal Plain and rarely more
northern DE Fla. to Tex. and N. C. —Spr.-
3. H. rigida Chapm. Corm somewhat elongate, covered with bristly fimbriate
scales: leaf-blades re rather stiff, ee mm. wide, 0.7-4 dm. long, pubescent:
cape very slender 2-3 dm. long, minutely pubescent or nearly glabrous, 1—3-
flowered: bracts ae e: sepals Duc. to elliptic, 7-12 mm. long, densely
out 1
n diameter, with short rounded papillae. —Low pinelands, ' Coastal Plain,
Fla. E Tex. and N. C.—Spr.—fall.
4. H. sessilis L. Corm d e ae covered with membranous scales:
lcaf-blades narrowly linear, i vide, E 30 em. long apad r firm, sparingly
pubescent: scape very s short o m (o 8 em. lon ng, filiform, pubescent, usually
l-flowered: bract minute: sepals jue or elliptic- ducc ate, 5-11 mm. long,
ob r
tuse or aeutish: petals slightly broader than the sepals: anthers 2 O
quit 3 . long, sely pubese seed
oval, mm. in diameter, the fiat pebbled surface covered with an iridescent
film "Pinelands, Coastal Plain , Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—Spr.-fall.—Specim
an C.—Spr.
from S. C. etimes have one oe of the perianth missing, and the TEM
seris are a to be often pale or white.
H. micrantha Pollard. Corm somewhat elongate, covered with dark scales
which rarely break down into fibrous bristles: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 1-6
318 LEUCOJACEAE
mm. wide, 8-40 em. long, pubescent: scape very slender, 2 18 em. long, pubes-
cent: bracts minute: sepals lanceolate to elliptic, 6.5-15 mm. long, acute: petals
slightly broader than the sepals: anthers 2-2.5 mm. long: ropa d
or somewhat elongate, 3.4-9 mm. long, pubescent: seed subglobose l mm.
in dien the numerous noo short-subulate.—Pinelands, UAM Plain,
a. to Tex. and N. C.— —(W. I.)
. H. Wrightii (Baker) Brackett. Corm d eovered with brown fibrillous
scales: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 0.4-3 mm. wide, 4-26 em. long, channeled
or involute, sparingly pubescent: scape fii ; 4-12 pem 1—2-flowered :
bracts minute: sepals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 7-8 mm. 1 acutish
petals broader eee x al the — ; g capsu ule subglobose
to ellipsoid 6 m nsely pubescent: seed subglobose, 0.8-1.1
meter, de pubes
mm. in diameter, the EM crudely earved.—Pinelands, Fla., Keys.—( TF. I.)
—Although in flower throughout the xu , this plant blooms most vigorously
after the land is fire- ped Its flowers are the first to appear after a fire.
7. H. juncea J. E. Smith. Corm Pid eovered with membranous brown
scales: leaf. "blades i thus filiform setaceous, usually 3-ribbed, with
pu long hairs pou on the back: EO filiform, usually fine ely pubescent,
2 dm. lon 2-flowered: bracts subulate, minute: sepals lanceolate to
lliptie- lanceolate, pubescent petals elliptic to ‘elliptic. anceolate, 9-15 mm
long: anthers 2. m. long: capsule clavate or ellipsoid, 4-6 mm. long: seed
nearly 1 mm. long. Se Tt Cal Plain, Fla. to N. O.—(W. I. )—All 3 year.
3. MANFREDA. Salisb Succulent herbs, arising aaay from bulbs
borne on rootstocks, the leaves mostly basal. Flowers in spikes or racemes, or
in spike-like onde Perianth mainly green.—About 25 species, all Ameri-
can.—Sum AL LOES.—There may be species additional to the AME.
in our range. E a materialis scant and very unsatisfactory for
proper interpretation of the species will not be possible until after ae e
tion and the assembling of living plants from all parts of the range for study.
Capsule longer than broad: leaves green 1. M. virginica.
Capsule broader than long: leaves purple-blotched. 2. M.tigrina.
1. M. virginica (L.) Salisb. Stem 8-18 un tall: basal leaves 1-3 dm. long;
blades lanceolate, oblong or oblong-spatulate, 3-5 em. wide, green: perianth
greenis rownish-yellow; lobes linear- wine 10- 12 mm. long: anthers
about 12 mm. long: capsule subglobose:
ds —(RA SNAKE-
MASTER. )—Sandy soil, rocky woods, and
dry pe various provinces, Fla.
o Tex., c da A C. (or Md.?).
—The green flow e poorly adapted
for o eno day- Ge sere but their
fragrance which increases towards evening
ater nocturnal insects to aid in cross-
pollinat
2. M. tigrina (Engelm.) Small. Stem
10-25 dm. tall: basal leaves 3-5 dm.
long; blades Eee or oblong-lanceo-
wide, purple- we
i NA ees mus that of M. virginica:
capsule spheroidal: seeds 8-
broad.— (RATTLESNAKE-MASTER. jm and oe soil, various provinces, Ga.
to Mo., Ky., and N. C.
LEUCOJACEAE 319
4, AGAVE L. Usually monocarpic succulent or fibrous herbs rarely with
a woody trunk (caudex), the usually large or very large crowded leaves per-
isting for several years: blade ending in a spine, and usually with horny mar-
ln teeth sometimes connected by a similar border or fraying away in
threads as in Yucca. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 3 sepals and 3 nearly
similar petals, which are partly united, mainly green. Stamens 6: filaments
elongate: anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, 3-celled, with many ovules: stigma
slightly 3-lobed. Capsule loeulieidal. Seeds many, thin, flat.—About 150 spe-
cies, most abundant in tropical America.—MAGUEYS. CENTURY-PLANTS.—Plants
flower only once, then die, but sometimes produce offsets at the base
"en DEM minutely prickly or toothed, the prickles or teeth not raised on fleshy
Leaf-blades narrow (5-10 em.) and long: caudex short or up to 2 m. tall.
audex one leafless: leaf-blades deeply concave, the
n with recurved or hooked regularly placed
pric 1. A. decipiens.
S permanently leafy : leaf-blades nearly flat, the mar-
wi w and minute irregular prickles. 2. A. sisalana.
Leaf-blades br oad "2 0-25 € and long: caudex very short,
the plants thus acaulesce 3. A. neglecta.
Leaf-margins prominently ca with gray teeth each of which
is raised on a fleshy prominence. 4, A. americana.
1. A. decipiens Baker. Trunk 1-2 m. high: leaves 5-10 x 100-250 cm.; blades
narrowly lanceolate, deeply concave, onteurving green, each with an abrupt coni-
cal brown en eh ine il l
the somewhat repand margins with re-
s or hooked slender prickles about
long, and borne 10 mm. apart:
a 2-3 m. long on a scape of equal
length, ellipsoid, with us ees
owers greenish-yellow, fetid,
: filame
long nts aa 2
dle of the tube: eapsule ellipsoid,, 3.5—
5 lon t flowers often followed
y abundant bulbils.—(FALSE-SISAL. )
group, and it has been suggested that
they tubo prehistorie rol aC eun from Mexic If this be so, thei
Mexican ancestors have been lost, or the Florida Bus have greatly bd
2. A. sisalana Perrine. Nearly trunkless: leaves 10 x 150 em.; blades sword-
E eee flat, duci slightly glaucous, becoming green and glossy, with
abrupt con ic gloss y bro end-spine 4—5 x 20-25 mm., the margins typieally
with few and minute pri ickles: paniele 2 m. long on a seape of equal length,
ellipsoid, with slender branches: flowers yellowish-green, fetid, 45-60 mm.
long: filaments inserted about the upper third of the tube: capsule rarely pro-
duced, but the flowers followed by numerous bulbils.—(S1SAL. SISAL-HEMP.)—
Hammocks, Dons and eult. grounds, pen. Fla. and the Keys, escaped from
‘ants originally introduced from Yucatan. First planted in our i on
Indian Key wher Cun descendants of the original planting still gro One
of the more MERI fiber-plants. The product is used mainly for sae ne
twine
320 LEUCOJACEAE
9. A. neglecta Small. Acaulescent: leaves spreading, 20-25 x 100—150 em.;
blades broadly lanceolate, coneave, pale. and ap ous, each with a pede:
brown scarcely decurrent end-spine e, abou t 2 x 25 mm., the straight ee with
numerous close minute prickles: pa nicle 3 m. T ovoid, on h
or four times as long: filaments inserted e the upper third. of ae tube:
capsule brown, obovoid, accompanied by era ee CENTURY-PLANT
Pinelands, hammocks, and kitchenmiddens, pen. ike A. decipiens this
century plant thrives on kitchenmiddens an nd ola nal village sites. The
Bartrams found ‘‘forests’’ of it int an duca River region in the eighteenth
century. William Bartram figured it in his ‘‘Travels,’’? under the name of
** Agave vivipara.’’ It is extensively uio for ornament, in Florida.
A. americana L. Acaulescent: leaves 15 x 100—200 em. ; blades oblanceo-
., the
tops of large fleshy UE panicle 1—-1.5 m. du Dc cape
wo or th j j . lon
and at. of Mex., and
escaping from eult.—A variety with variegated leaves i is commonly cultivated.
5. ATAMOSCO Adans. Herbs with coated bulbs. Leaves basal: blades
nar Med penu Scape 1-flowered. Perianth white, pink, purple, or yellow.
-o -Filam adnate up to the throat of the perianth-tube: anthers versatile.
| PAPA E erb. ]—Ab out 50 species, natives of America Disi dd
LILIES. STAGGER-GRASSES. AMARYLLIS. ZEPHYR-LILIES. FAIRY RAIN-
LILIES.—An infusion made from the Duis is used by the "AIMÉ to cure
toothache.
eee een: the tube 1.5-2.5 cm. long: stigmas 8,
Leaf-blades concave, with sharp margins: sepals and petals
abr uptly pointed,
Spathe fourth a third as long as the perianth:
ce anih broadly funnelform, the sepals and pet als
with spreading tips. 1. A. Atamasco.
Spathe a third to a half as long as the perianth:
pora dm parrew un the sepals and Bou
ith t or ascending tip 2. A. Simpsonii.
Leaf-blades nearly. even terete, with rounded margins: sepals
and petals acuminate. 3. A. Treatiae.
Perianth porate: the tube very short or wanting: stigmas 3-lobed. 4. A. candida.
1. A. masco (L.) Greene. Leaves 2-4 dm. long; blades concave, sharp-
edged, mostly acute or acuminate: uide 2—9.9 em. tall, nearly terete: involueral
ra
tube: miu mainly white or pinkish
ithi pals an ic, 6—
inces, t iss, . Va.—! T.—
Colonies of this ms are so densely
p ed tha
f e
quantities of the flowers are gathered
about Easter time and sold especially in
southern cities
A. Simpsonii (Chap Greene.
ee 38-0 dm. long; Blades concave,
LEUCOJACEAE
purple zd 2 bod tt
ndin
nee e 3-lobed.— Low a
resembles that of Cooperia of Texa
3. A. Treatiae (S. Wats.) Greene.
terete, blunt-edged, bod obtuse:
invo olueral bract nearly or quite as jong as p t
within; sepals is petals narrowly elliptic,
iC, adi
6-8 em.
ing or aE merely ab ho. tips:
d. pen.
Leaves 1-4 dm.
321
near the base: involucral
ADR Maid es and
m. long,
edi. der a “globose, “usually
la.— Sor The perianth
long; blades go are
.5 dm. tall, terete or nearly so:
the ia tube: ianth a
narrowly
urved sprea E above -
m e pinelands and swamps, Fla.—
4, A. candida Caer Small, Leaves
most! acute: scape
the perian
tube: it
petals mte Or apte -oblanceolate, 2-3.
globose, often somewhat depressed, more
ld
sides and o
S. A.—Sum.-
o dm.
3 dm. tall, slightly flattened :
et
lds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex
1-4. long; blades channeled,
involucral cae equ alling
imes pinkish
and
Nat. of the La Plata region,
Herbs with succulent coated bulbs, the neck short. Leaves
6. C !
basal: blades narrow, usually li
owered. Perianth salverform or funnelform, whit
Filaments adnate up to the mouth of the perianth- tube.
60 species, mostly tropical.
Steet salverform : sepals and petals shorter than the tube.
anth funnelform: sepals and petals longer than the tube.
ulb 7-11 em. thick:
me a p = ianth white or pink-
Per
Swamps, rshes, and river-shores,
Coastal Plain, Tla. to Tex —Spr.- fall.
ongifolium (L.)
2. C.
and Tease like those of pe
e lr the tip, acu
, S. La. Nat. of sS. Africa
strum T a (Lam. oe
earin r the flowers which a
erimson- RUN poe whitish Suidstripe
e borne
Capsule lobed.—Fully
1. C.
2. C.
leaf-blades 6-12 dm
americanum.
longifolium.
. long, irregu-
a bulbous e with narrow leaves
ni in an umbel, the perianth
on each lobe, the tube funnelform,
the lobes broad (the Pages ovate), a en ve of tropical America, occurs in the
Gulf States. It is known as
7. HYMENOCALLIS L. Herbs
p blades linear or nearly so.
Or uster, the flowers erect.
purplish: pes elongate: lobes narrow.
21
with coated bulbs. Leaves basal,
Scape terminated by a single flower
Perianth showy, mostly white
e, pink,
Filaments adnate to the perianth-
322 LEUCOJACEAE
tube above which they are connected by a crown.—About 40 Species, all Amer-
ican.—SPIDER-LILIES ies: is a tentative interpretation of the species.
Scape terminated by few (2-8) flowers: crown large
Sepals ace sepals and oak green: scape terminated by 1-few
oe and petals green: scape terminated by 2-few
Sepals | Sie petals white: scape terminated by 1 flower.
I. MULTIFLORAE
Crown (flat) hexagonal.
Cr put Mi the angles of the hexagon formed by the me-
ia
n with the angles of the hexagon formed by the fila-
Crown (flat) poe the rounded lobes Bora notched.
Flowers several, mostly 4-6, ina cluste on
f the crown betw een the filaments eros
Edge of the crown between the filaments with p 3 or 6
ee
m of own between the filaments with 3,
ier) 5 teeth, the middle tooth the largest, perdi
[6] e-I
Edge of crown between the filaments with a 2-
toothed lobe, sometimes with a minute tooth be-
een the pair of large teeth.
tw
SEAN R E from a trunca r or a Ras of the .
wn, the
pod teeth on each side: filaments arising fro
be.
0
Sinus of the crown between the filaments Br oe
teeth on eich side: filaments arising from a 2-pro
lobe.
TII. VIRIDIFLORA
ol san. d e terminated by usually 2, more or less
ng flow
IV. UNIFLORA
Slender plants: scape terminated by a single erect flower.
I. MULTIFLORAE.
II, PAUCIFLORAE.
III. VIRIDIFLORAE.
IV. UNIFLORAE,
1. H. keyensis.
. Collieri.
9. H. Kimballiae.
4. H. occidentalis.
9. H. crassifolia.
6. H. tridentata.
-1
. H. bidentata.
8. H.coronaria.
9. H. laciniata.
10. H. viridiflora.
11. H. Palmeri.
ensis Small. Bulb-body AA Nin. leaves archin
1. H. key
or less, shallowly channeled, green: e cely as long
g, 8 dm. lon
as the larger leaves,
h flattened a b p-edged, E Uns Pss rs 10-16 together: hypan-
12- 17 Ton ng, or
times shorter in the pem aries Bon.
3-angled: sepals elongate-line nearly
as long as the pani, pw
involute, the edges often almost meet-
i
ul i ca
ee (Chapm. FI.). ]—Ma angrove EDS
andy shores, and rarely hammocks, E
em coast of pen. Fla. and the Key
Spr.-sum
2. H. Collieri Small. Bulb-body s
or less, nearly flat, acute, a
scape 1 m. tall or pps directly flat-
LEUCOJACEAE 323
tuu 11-19 ong, decidedly nea green below, white
p o n
2.5—3.5
long: anthers orange, about 1.5 em. long: eapsule subglobose, often slightly
depressed, stout-beaked, 2-3 em. in diameter.—Sandy shores and banks o
estuaries, lower western eoastal DM pen. Fla.—Sum.
H. Kimballiae Small. iaa body ovoid: us nd or dose. often
pud n: dr bout as
; sli W n 2.5-3 em.
wide, with a minute tooth between the filaments: anther about 2 em. long:
we broadly ovoid, 2.5-3.5 em. long.—Swamps about the estuary of the
cre River, Fla.—Sum.—The fragranee of the flowers Sen: that
ae
4. H. occidentalis (Le Conte) Kunth. Leaves numerous; blades linear, about
6 dm. long or less, shallowly AR glaucous: seape about as tall as the
edged
longer leaves, 2-edged, glaucous: flowers usually 6 in a cluster, very "NC
crown with the intervals me the filaments 4—6- ioo thed.—Meadows, hill-
sides, and stream-banks, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Mo
and Ind.—Spr.-sum.—The bulbs are said not to Scout: runners.
5. H. crassifolia Herb. Leaves few; blades linear, 5 dm. long or less, ur
flat, bright-green: seape 4-6 dm. ta IL see flattened, pie ent: flov
usually : = a cluster, fragrant: crown orbicular-hex xagonal in outline, the nee
with a series of blunt or acute erose eee Du the filaments. —Marshes and
river- ae, pO UN Plain, N E Fla . C.— Spr.
6. H. up Small. Leaves mostly 4 to 6; blades narrowly linear, 4—5
ong, somewhat channeled, keeled beneath, deep- green: seape about 3 dm
tall 2 ER pr r tog r, r 5
wide, the edge between the filaments with 3—6 teeth, anaes 3 teeth, the middle
tooth the largest.—Swamp es, E region, Fla —Con-
s and
spicuous on account of the n large toothed erown
7. H. bidentata Small. Leaves few, usually 3 or 4; blades narrowly linear,
rather flat, deep-green: scape 3—4 dm. tall, decidedly flattened, with sharp
edges, green: flowers usually 3 in a cluster: erown 4—4.5 em. W ide, the edge
between the filaments with a prominent 2-toothed lobe, and UM with a
joi dct iod een the larger ones.— Wooded hillsides , Appalachian provinces,
—Spr —Remarkable for the small prominently lobed crown and rela-
"UM broad pee and petals.
H. coronaria (Le Conte) Kunth. Leaves as many as 8 together; blades
pale up to 6 dm. long, shallowly oup scape 4-6 dm. tall, 2-edged,
: flowers often 4 together, fragrant: n 5-6 cm. wide, with truneate
lobes at the bases of the filaments, the aaa o with sharp irregular
teeth: capsule often 2- or 3-lobed, ’ depresse ed, 2.5-3.5 e n diameter. mA 'eam-
banks, rock islands and shoals, Coas tal Plain and adj. Piedmo nt, Fla. to Ala.
and —Spr.—Bulbs said not to produce stolons. Plants occur Bod. re
the fall line. Several localities have been destroyed by dams
9. H. laciniata Small. wen few; blades narrowly linear, 5 dm. long or
less, Pr flat, deep-green: seape 2—4 dm. ta Il, mu see flattened, Pede
glaucous: flowers usually 3 NEM very fragrant n 4—5 em. wide,
agra with
Z- ponite id lobes from which the filaments arise, d pocta Eod sinuses
between them.—Swamps, N Fla.—Spr.
324 TAMACEAE
10. E. rotatum a rs Leaves usually 2 or 3; blades 2 nearly flat,
glaucous: scape 2.5-3.5 dm. pe. arg 1 -edged, very glaucous: flowers
usually 2 together, ent wn 4— wide, truneate at the peo of the
filaments, with 2 or perd ie Tatera] "teeth o n the truneate parts:
eapsule subglobose, slightly lobed, 2.5-3 em. wide. —Flat woods, N Fla.—Sp:
ll. H. Palmeri S. Wats. Leaves 4 dm. long or her : os narrowly linea
5-10 mm. wide, channe roe angled on the back: scape 1-4 dm. tall, dame
ea qM the edges rounded: flower erect, faintly fragrant hypan onn
e 6-8 cm. long, ye ellowi sh-green, nearly terete: sepals narrowly line
E ead involute- S petals similar bo p sepals, but sli ighüy nm
edi about 5 em. wide, the limb white, flaring from a short greenish base,
longer and narrow teeth on each side: filaments white, about 2.5 em. long.
humilis S. Wats.]— (ArLIGATOR-LILY.)—Prairies and Everglades, Pet Fla.—Spr.
Famy 2. TAMACEAE— Yam Fairy
Perennial vines with rootstocks. Leaf-blades ribbed and netted-
veined. wers monoecious or dioecious, or rarely perfect. Calyx of
3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals eras the sepals. Androecium of 3-6
stamens, atest in pistillate flowers. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels,
imperfect in staminate flowers. Dn inferior. Styles 3. Ovules 1 or 2
in each cavity of the ovary. Fruit a 3-winged, diis RSS or
baecate.—AÀbout 10 genera and 175 nd mostly Ameri
1. DIOSCOREA [Plum.] L. Upper leaves alternate: blades mainly c
date. Sepals and petals mainly green or whitish.—About 160 species, xis
abundant in tropical regions.—Early sum.—WiLD YAM-ROOTS. YAM-VIN ES
Staminate panicles solitary in s Rime,
Lower leaves whorled in 4’s—
€ ades green Beneat th: eames sepals 1.5 mm. long
ess. 1. D. quaternata.
Leaf-blades glaucous beneath: staminate sepals over 1.5
2. D. glauca.
Lower js typically alternate.
Pistillate racemes many-flowered, many-fruited at matu-
rity: stem internodes glabrous. 3. D. villosa.
Pistillate racemes few-flowered, 1-4- fruited at maturity:
stem internodes pubescen 4. D. hirticaulis.
Staminate panicles clustered in ie PIE or sometimes indi-
vidually solitary, and terminating the stem 9. D. floridana.
D. quaternata ( Walt.) Gmel. dead k slender, mostly 1 cm. thick or
less, sometimes :: rked, often with few short lateral MARE lower petioles
dens e po at the base and the
and glabrous: staminate sepals n
or oval: Bd te gc f ian red:
fruit obov 1.5-3 lon ~~ Woods
and banks, a Plain and: eg. prov-
inces, Fla. to La., Mo., and S Va.
2. D. glauca. Muhl. Root-stoek es
undulate, glaucous and usually finely
IXIACEAE 325
pubescent beneath: staminate sepals oval: e racemes flowered: fruits
few, suborbicular to broadly obovate or obreniform, 2-3.5 cm. long.—Thickets
and ri ch woods, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, S. o to Ark., Mo.,
nd Pa.
n
obreniform, 2 em. long or less. ’ Moist thickets and woods, various provinces,
Va. to Tex., Minn., and Mass S.
4. D. hirticaulis Bartlett. Rootstock Mani pied and usually simple, bear-
ing more slender short lateral Pte stem pubescent: leaf- uud: broadly
ovate, densely pale- pu escent beneath: pistillate es ew-flowered: frui
few, broadly f or deltoid. oe about 2 cm. long.—Br eh E
Coastal Plain, Ga. an nd S
5. D. floridana Bartlett. Rootstock not seen: stem E leaf-blades
broadly ovate. to ovate-hastate, decidedly acuminate, green t paler beneath
than above, glabrous: stamin ate rang bu eiie often E elongate: pis
tilate racemes few-flowered: frui oadly obovate to suborbieular, about
2 cm. long.—Moist des eal ‘Plain, Fla. to S. C.
FAwiLy 3. IXIACEAE — Iris FAMILY
Perennial, mostly caulescent herbs with short or long root tstocks.
o
partially adnate to the pe erianth. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Ovary
ip Styles entire or divided, cns petal-like. Ovules few or
nu Fruit a loeulieidal 3-valved Dun ule.—About 60 genera and
1, 000 : EUN. of wide geographie distributio
Style-branches or stigmas alternate with the stamens
stamens not lying against the style-branches. ribe I. SISYRINCHIEAE.
Style-branches or stigmas opposite the stamens: stamens ly-
ing against the style-branches. Tribe II. IRIDEAE.
ISYRINCHIEAE
Filaments distinct or united into a very short tube: sepals
and petals obtuse or merely acute: capsule erect, more
or less elongate.
Style-body very short- columnar, surrounded by the filament-
e e ra pP slender-subulate: stigmas capitate l
utely 1. NEMASTYLIS.
Style- body eines clavate or trumpet-shaped, not sur-
nded by the filament-tube: style-branches at
and stigmas reniform or columnar, and stigma
o
Flower zygomorphie, the style declined, the stamens
ed nding: perianth nodding: stigmas reniform,
eading. 2. SALPINGOSTYLIS.
Flower actinomorphic, the style and stamens erect:
erianth erect: stigmas erect. 3. BELAMCANDA.
Filaments united into a long tube and around the style:
sepals and ps mucronate or aristate at the apex: cap-
sule subglobose 4. SISYRINCHIUM.
Style-branches petaloid and appendage d at the tip: onu distinct.
lower terminating a short leafy branch from the roo
Stock: hypanthium tube elongate, nearly or quite dn
long as the sepals: seeds arillate. 5. NEUBECKIA.
Flower or flower-clusiers on tall stems, subtended by
foliaceous bracts: hypanthium tube very short: seeds
not arillate. 6. IRIS.
Style-branehes not petaloid and unappendaged: filaments
united. T. HERBERTIA.
326 IXIACEAE
1. NEMASTYLIS Nutt. Herbs with bulbs and usually branehed ee
stems. Leaf-blades narrow, plieate. Flowers erect, actinomorphic.
violet or blue, except the white ‘‘eye,’’ sometimes white, the petals Sig
smaller than the sepals. Filaments s united. Anthers coiling from the
tip. Style with 6 slender-subulate radiating branches, longer than the Mo
Stigmas 6, minutely notched or tufted-capitate. Capsule erect.—A few species,
American, —CELBSTIALS, CELESTIAL-LILIES.
Perianth blue: sepals oval: petals rhombic-oval. 1. N. acuta.
Perianth meine sepals elliptic or narrowly elliptic-obovate: petals
elliptic 2. N. floridana.
1. N. acuta (Bart.) Herb. Plant 1.5-4 dm. tall, with a bulb usually 1.5-2
em. in diameter: leaf-blades narrowly attenuate, sharply plieate: scape slender,
usually sparingly ana o brane
the Dude slender: perianth 25
RAE ra Nutt. ]—Rich
dp: and is elay soil on wooded
en Coastal Plain and adj. pro -
o Tex., Kàn, and Ten
Spr. —rhe flowers of this. ike Eum of
ost of our iridaceous plants, open in
tlie early foren noon, the EN lasting
for a few hours.
2. N. floridana Small. Plant 4-15 dm
tall, with a bulb usually a 2 em. in
diameter: leaf-blades ve ery narrow and slenderly attenuate, sharply plicate:
scape very un m Dane d, the branches ver slender, often almost
filiform: perianth 3 wide: sepals elliptic or narrowly elliptic -obovate:
ne B id style up mu onger than the body: capsule obovoid,
ong.—Swamps, er p flat-woods, AS eoastal region of Fla
MA i "o flowers of this autumn floweri ng plant—our other iridaceous
plants being spring-Aowering— open about four rues in the afternoon and
close about six o’cloc
2. SALPINGOSTYLIS Small. Herbs with bulbs and usually branch-
ing flower-stems. Leaf-blades very ea plicate. Flowers 1 or 2 in the
terminal erect, spathe. Fowers no
the d slightly smaller than
sepals. Filaments distinct or nearly so.
style-branches. Capsule pee —One
cies
1. S. coelestina (Bartr.) Small. Plant
2-5 dm. tall, with a bulb 1-1.5 cm. in
IXIACEAE 327
diameter: i i very 2 linear-attenuate, IA plieate: e
very slender, simple or rarely branched: perianth 4.5—6 wide: als
obovate: EE ne cuneate or cuneate-obovate: one, eer style n
or quite 1 cm. long: capsule ellipsoid or elli n s 1.5-2 em. long.
Eie coelestina Bartr. Nemastylis coelestina Nutt. i art] Flatwoods N pen.
and S Ga. (?)—Spr.—The flowers are locally aig violets
BELAMCANDA Adans. Caulescent herbs with horizontal rootstocks.
m me folded. Flowers in corymbose cymes. Sepals and petals pink,
orange, or reddish, mottled with crimson-
purple spots, nearly equal, distinet or
nearly so, persistent and coiled on th
capsule.—One species.
1. B. chinensis (L.) DC. Stem 3-13
dm. tall: leaf-blades with the faces
united above the middle: sepals and pet-
als a 2. 9-3. o em. long: capsule
2-2.5 lon seeds black, shining.
ieee ae Kuntze ]|—(BLACK-
RY-LILY. PARDELLE.)—Dry hills, road-
sides, and fence-rows, various provinces
ex. : d ; :
China, and cult—(W. I.)—Sum.—An
EP escape from gardens.
4. SISYRINCHIUM L. Perennial scapose usually tufted Bree -like herbs,
nd fibr ts. L
with distinct or obsolete rootstocks an rous roots. Leaves basal: blades
linear: scapes 2-edged or 2- Ae when branched each node furnished wit
a bract resembling a leaf- e: flowers in terminal clusters arising from
spathes of mostly 2 bracts aa Perianth blue, white or yellow: lobes s spread-
ing. Stamens 3; filaments united to ae top or nearly so: anthers clustered.
Ovary 3-celled: style-branches filiform, alternate with the anthers, or styles
mostly wholly united: ovules few to many in each cavity of the ovary. p-
sule subglobose or ena or longer than thick, globular or angled, readily
opening near the apex.—Numerous species, all American.—BLUE-EYED GRASSES:
FEVER-GRASSES. IRISETTES. ae sachs ea ie of this genus by the late Eugene
Pintard B in vu are nume ritieal species not here included may
be found in the Flora of the ura States. This partial revision pre-
pared by Edward Johnston Alexander.
Scape terminated by a sessile or a pair of sessile EDAM: SESSILES.
Scape terminated by one or more peduncled spathes na PEDUNCULATAE.
SESSILES l
Old shreds, not persistent, or E so, merely soft, loose
Spathe solitary or normally s
Le af. blades ds Pape moss 1. A 5 mm. wide, dis-
tinctly winged: capsule 4-6 mm. lon 1. S. angustifolium.
Leaf blades s anal scapes mostly ieee an s, 5 mm. wide,
ned or narrowly winged: capsule 2-4 mm. ;
lon ne 2. S. mucronatum,
Spathes ou O or rarely 3 or Bancs solitary in
Bosne distinctly winged: leaf-blades 1.5-3 m wide:
spathe and scape smooth and glabrous or eat SO. 3. S. albidum.
328 IXIACEAE
es margined or narrowly winged: leaf-blades 1-2
m. wide: eo and scape pubescent with stiff,
cule-like hai . S. scabrellum.
Old leaf- bacs persistent, forming dense tufts of straight
bristle-like fiber . S. capillare.
II. PEDUNCULATAE
peranti not yel PA
m Rn
d Rete densely fibrous at n bas
pe Mer an distinctly winge er
loc and athe-bracts rugose-veined : cap-
vale thick-walled : plant drying dark. 6. S. cerophyllum.
Leaves and VERE e-bracts not rugose: capsule
thin-walled : plant not oo dark. T. S. fibrosum,
Scape margined or anco
Plant drying dark.
Flowering scapes farce pee 8. S. incrustatum.
Flowering scapes smooth-edged. 9. S. fuscatum.
Plant n. crying dark.
Pedun A pvp T Shorter than
he D bract 10. S. rufipes.
Peduncles not fascicled, as Jong as or longer
than the subtending bract 11. S. floridanum.
Tufts H “at the base without fibers or not densely fibrous
e broadly ged. 12. S. graminoides.
uo a OP narrowly winged. 13. S. atlanticum.
Plant (tft) m dn depressed radially spreading leaves
Perianth ae violet, or purple: capsule subglobose. 14. S. rosulatum.
Perianth in -rose: capsule oblong to narrowly obovoid. 15. S. minus.
Perianth yellow 16. S. Brownei.
1. S. angustifolium Mill Plant glaucous, 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades 1-3 m
wide: spathe green or merely purple-tinged, the outer braet with the pe
united 3-6 mm. above the base: cap-
sule dull-brown or Iu e -tinged.—Woods,
fields an eadows, various provinces,
Ala. to La., Colo., Sask., Ont., Newf., and
N. C.—Spr
2. S. mucronatum Michx. Plant green
or glaucescent, mostly 1-4 dm. tall:
dii perd |o slender or up
e base
stram or greenish-yellow.—Mead-
OWS, hillsides, and grassy places, various
provinces, Fla. to uos Ont, and
Mass.—Spr.
3. S. albidum Raf. Plant more or less tufted, 1.5-4.5 dm. tall, green T
glaucous: leaf-blades mostly 1.5 mm. wide (1.5-3.5 mm.): scapes s 15- 3
r :
perianth 8-12 mm. ong, e clear white or violet-blue: capsule pale, broadly sub-
globose, 2-3 mm long, thick- walled.—Dry or moist cUm often in meadows,
various provinces, Ala. to La., Mo., Mieh., end N.C
4, S. scabrellum Bicknell. Plant E md 2.5-4 dm. tall, slightly fibril-
lose at the base, dull pale-green or glau escent: leaf-blades i- mm. wide:
seapes slender, longer than the pe e 1-2 m wide, flattened: spathes 2, or
rarely 3, to od nbi green, the primary Bo 3.5-11.5 em. long, the outer
bract attenuat .2-3.8 . long, surpas sing the inner braets: n n
blue, 8-12 mm. one Hillsides or woods, various provinces, Ga. to N. C.—Spr
5. S. capillare Bicknell. Plant extremely slender and delicate, 2-4.5 dm. tall,
in thin tufts, closely fibrillose at the base, glaucescent, drying a dull olive-
IXIACEAE 329
gre een: leaves almost filiform, 0.5 mm. wide or less: scapes higher than the
pale which they resemble: spathes pr mostly in pairs, sometimes solitary,
green, braets iip Ar eue 10—13 mm. long, narrowly aeute or aculeate: perianth
Bight "viole t-blue, 6-8 . long: eapsule pale, subglobose, 2-3 mm. high.—Flat
ndy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Spr.
6. S. xerophyllum Greene. Plant erect, stout, 2-6.5 dm. tall, rg Ps wn
often glaucescent: leaves strietly PUn usual much more than 1 s tall a
s li i mm. wi
stricted dn
7. S. fibrosum Bicknell. Plant loosely tufted, 2-3 dm. d d coated at
the base, pale and glaucescent, often yellowish-green: leaf-blades 2-5 mm. wide;
scapes longer than the leaves, 2-3 mm. wide, broadly Mind ‘the edges ae
serrulate or even ciliolate: spathes 15-20 mm. long, the bracts nearly equal:
ia dn violet-blue, 8-10 mm. long: eapsule pale ne thin-walled, broadly
oid, 3-4 mm. high. [S. carotinianum Bicknell, not Klatt.]—Woods and fields,
VARIUS cro Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.
8. S. incrustatum Bicknell. Plant 2.5-5 dm . tall, coarsely eae at the base,
dull-green and glaucescent, drying dark: leaf-bla des . wide, striate,
harshly rugulose-seabrous to densely incrustate roughened ‘with e papillae, the
edges ciliolate-serrulate: scapes 1.5-3 mm. wide, roughened like the leaves:
spathes 1.5-2.5 em. long, the nearly equal s acute to oe a
perianth about 8 mm. long: capsule subglobose, dark, 3-4 mm. long.— ist
a soil and open grassy woods, Piedmont e Coastal Plain, s. C. to N. ©.
—Sum
9, -S. fuscatum Bicknell. Plant 15-50 em. high, more or less fibrous at base,
dull-green and glaucescent, drying dark: leaf-blades 0.5-2.5 mm. wide: scapes
longer than the leaves, 0.75-2 mm. wide, smooth-edged: s spathes narrow, the
subequal braets firmly herbaceous, striate, bue idate-acuminate: perianth about
10 mm. long: capsule 2.5—4 mm. = ign h, broadly subglobose, drying dark.—S andy
soil, Coastal 1 Plain, Fla. to Miss. nid
10. S. rufipes Bicknell. Plant 1.5-3 dm. tall, with rufous E Eo fibers at
the base, rather bright-green and Slee: leaf-bla des 1-2.5 mm. wide:
cap ut as tall as the leaves, about 1 E a ed,
braeteal leaf subtending a eluster of 2 or 3 short-peduncled spathes and some-
or eh: spath A 12 mm. long, aets somewhat
divergent: perianth blue, about 8 mm. long: anthers relatively large: capsule
about 3 mm. high.—Sand hills, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C.—Early Spr.
41. S. floridanum Bicknell. Plant tufted, 2.5-5 dm. tall, pii fibrillose at
the base, dull-green pun Eu leaf -blades 2-3 mm. wide: scapes narrowly
rm ma
green or slightly Dou. 15- 20 n . long, the bracts nearly rer perianth
pale-blue, about 10 mm. long: capsule pale, Bune een 3-4 mm. high—Sand,
pen. Fla.—Lat e Wint —early Spr.
12. S. graminoides Bicknell. Plant erect, bright green, 1. in dm. tall, cater
leaves erect, usually about i as tall as cape or less ; blades narrowly
i h, 1. m de: s :
: a
4-6 mm. long, thin-walled. [S. anceps Sree Fl)]—Meadows, wet woods
and grassy places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Newf.—S
13. S. atlanticum Bicknell. Plant green, often glaucous, 1-7 e . tall: leaves
slender, often wiry, narrowly-margined: spathes green or PODES, 1-2 cm.
330 IXTACEAE
long: perianth 8-14 mm. wide: capsule oval to subglobose, 3-5 mm. lon ng.—
Fields, moist ay es woods, D erit and dol hu salt- -ma arshes, various
provinces, Fla. , Mich., e.— —A. relatively slender
pr.—
plant of wide dioe, range, ju uo in the width of the leaves and scapes.
14. S. d ssp Bieknell Plant rosulate, the pu up to E dm. long, often
a cH leaves 2-8 em. long, light-green; blades 1 1.5-2.5 m vide: peduncles
2—10 e m. long, slender, but often more broadly winged Mani the scape: spathes
a > peri j g
but We 2.5—3.5 mm. Wo pa often grassy dunes and mea ows
| S.
n its Meis habit
15. S. minus Engelm. & Gray. Plant e in loose tufts, the branches up
to 2 "ae pend iT zigzag: leaves 2-7 em. long, deep-green; blades t thin, 1-4
mm. wide: scape branched and leafy from base, margin or narrowly
winged: peduncle 4—6 em. long: the larger spathe-br -3.5 em. lon ri-
anth old-rose, barely 1 em. wide: d nodding, light-brown, corrugat ob-
long to narrowly obovoid, 3-5 mm. lon ng.—Dry, usually clay soil and E
Coastal Plain, La. to cent. Tex x— Spr.
16. S. Sus ownei Mr M Plant slightly p 10—15 em. tall: leaf-blades
2-3 mm. wide: spathe green, the outer bract with the edges united 1-3 mm.
above me base: portant yellow 5—7 mm. lon » the divisions with a brown nerve
without and brown spots at the base within: capsule subglobose, 2-3 mm. long,
green with brown stripes.—Low, swampy ground, ur Plain, S E La.—Spr.
. NEUBECKIA Alef. Tufted grassy acaulescent herbs of dry woods or
roeky ledges, with wiry, more or less knotted rootstocks, the roots fibrous.
Leaves imbrieate on the flowering braneh. Hypanthium-tube elongate, often
filiform. Perai mainly blue or violet, and more or less variegated. Sepals
with beaded or papillose crests. Capsules long-stalked, thin-walled. Seeds
arillate.—About 12 species, nod distributed in ud rate regions.—Albino
flowers occur in the several species.—Spr.—D WARF-IR
Sepal pe a papillose crest: petals long-clawed : seed with a crest-
like a 1. N. verna.
io with a beaded crest: petals short-clawed : seed with a caudate
ril. 2. N. cristata,
N. verna (L.) Alef. Leaf-blades cpg ee linear, much elongating in a
i at least on one side, mostly 4-8 m wide: flower violet- ere
perianth aude violet-blue or rarely
with a Ae eas yellow crest extending
from the base of the claw well up i
V .)— Open
acid woods m dry Tu nelands, various
provinees, Ga. to Miss, Ky. Pa.—
The n rs e ie iris is quite Sener
Sandy fields and woods where it abounds
look as if dotted with large violets, and,
moreover, its sole ae decidedly resembles that of the European sweet-
violet.
IXIACEAE 331
2. N. cristata (Ait.) Alef. Leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceo-
late, somewhat elongating in age, often glaucescent, mostly 9-20 mm. wide,
usually curved, sometimes faleate: flower faintly scent ted: perianth mainly pale-
a or sometimes us hypanthium- AN Qv pia under the
perianth: sepals euneate-spatulate to narrow ly obov m. long, os
white or eS bloteh in ihe A ede crest eee with RM Pig donk
E or oval, varying to ovo obovoid, mostly 1-1. . long, e-
s larger, m End. beaked. Uris a Ait. To DWARF- a dba
Rich woods, banks, ona cliffs, various provinces, Ga. to Ark. and Md.
6. IRIS L.1 Gregarious reedy acaulescent herbs of swamps and marshes,
h fleshy, usually stout rootstocks, the roots fleshy. Leaves basal, elongate,
Mes mostly erect. Flower- a nd or rarely proeumbent, with one or
more leaf- like bracts. Flowers solitary or several together, each subtended by
an involucre of bractlets, which is subtended by a foliaceous braet. Hypan-
thium-tube short. Perianth violet, blue, red, yellow, or white, often variegated.
Sepals without crests or with narrow papillose or hairy crests in the upper part
of the claw and the lower part of the more or less a blade. Petals
shorter than the sepals. Style-branches arching, with a pair of apical
equilateral appendages. Stigma entire or 2-lobed. Capsule faa allel.
Seeds corky.—Fully 100 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Albino
i various speci
J
shock following alligator-bite.—Following is an incomplete and pp
tentative interpretation of the irises of the Gulf States, dud rd rly of t
lower Mississippi Delta. A complete interpretation must ait further hn
stocks and by an annual accretion of seedlings without showing variation in
the characters of the perianth.
Petals present and well developed, nearly as long = the sepals.
Perianth shades of copper-red, orange-red, salmon or rarely yellow, or even red,
usually with an orange cast, but sometimes mage
or lilac; Pe un noticeably present except as a
midrib of the I. FULVAE.
Penn usually E ein g from brown-red through red
ink to purple, violet, and lilac to white,
bla
Hypanthium surrounding the ovary six-an iege
main bract of the terminal involucre with
an elongate tip, equalling or exceeding the
flower: stigma two-lobed.
Capsule iix cidecd or six-lobed; flower-stalks
erect i
nearly So.
Crest of the sepal apparently not present,
x and the claw being of the same color
the sepal- D de, the crest therefore
indistinguisha II. EcRISTATAE. -
Crest of the cual very apparent as a
po ominent rib, which is usually some
1 Study of the ae region irises done with the cooperation of Edward
Johnston Alexander. The following iicet on is by Mr. Alexander.
332 IXIACEAE
Crest extending but a short distance
into the sepal- pe split down-
ward from the ex by a dark
median lin
Crest extending well into the sepal-
blade, with an acute or acuminate
Crest with one or re laterals on
either side of median. ae ay
demarked from it, and radi-
ally spreading.
Crest rh several radially spreading
aterals.
Crest-zone not surrounded b
ing streaks EM dots or by
a sharp outli
Crest median acute or acumi-
nate, not apically cleft.
s S ees split downward
the ape x by a dark
medi ian lin
Crest-zone surrounded by a white
i
fro
Capsule sharply six-angled; flower-stalks zig-
zag; erect or reclinin
Hypanthium surrounding the ovary three-angled ;
main bract of the etre involucre much
igma ed
indehiscent, often decaying ie release
seeds.
Hypanthium and capsule Sharply three-angled ;
PE slender and muys capsule dehis-
ent by M iss e apical valves.
Petals present, but almost rudimentary and half-hidden
by Mie claws which far exceed them
Perianth vio violet-blue, or white dn albinos,
e -
Perianth yellow, or cream color in noe T sepal-
crest outlined by black streaks.
I. FUL
Plant relatively slender, erect: sepals aa pare short
claws: petals scarcely clawed.
II. EcRISTATAE
Slender plants with purple or red-purple flowers: sepals
M A etals rather long and slender: the sepals not
III. BICRISTATAE
iia drooping immediately upon opening: color of
ds ae extending down into the upper part of
I raf exserted: crest clear- colored except for
median cleft.
Ern th red, orange-red, or copper-red.
nth mauve, violet, or purple.
Asics E er rest muddied throughout with
dark blote
Petals erect or Soreadin ng, not drooping until late in the
ay, if a! x eolor of sepal-blade and claw mark-
Perianth S lavender, or purple.
Perianth lavender or pale-violet.
IIT. BICRISTATAE.
IV. UNICRISTATAE.
V. LANCICRISTATAE.
VI. TRICRISTATAE.
VII. CORONICRISTATAE.
VIII. RADIICRISTATAE.
IX. HEXAGONAE.
X. VERSICOLORES.
XI. PRISMATICAE.
XII. TRIPETALAE.
XIII. PSEUDACORI.
1. I. fulva.
2. I.ecristata.
. I. subfutva.
I. regifulva
5. I. rubea.
B OO
6. I. rosiflora.
IXIACEAE
Perianth lavender: sepal-blade nearly as broad
as long.
Perianth p uere sepal-blade much longer
than
ar vello ists green, deeply cleft, extend-
barely into the base of bl ade.
Crest Seid only notched, extending well
into the blade.
Perianth p -violet, red: violet, or purple.
Perianth red- vo olet
Perianth deep-viole t.
Sepal- blade yeaa as wide as ine:
Sepal-blade much longer than wide.
IV. UNICRISTA
Sepal- nog truly solitary, not even ins eres "iere
nt.
Perianth fulvous, orange-red, or orange.
Crest crimson or carmine.
Crest yellow.
Perianth arg or salmon-colored, the veins not
promin
Perianth orange-red or orange: the veins very
pr
Pehianth. ent or orange-red: crest clear
ellow.
Pe eria nth pinkish- orange or smoky-orange:
rest greenish.
Perianth otherwisely colored.
Perianth verging towards pink and reddish VE
Petals drooping: perianth various shades of
mauve or pin
Petals Pi ,Dérianth various shades other
Sepal- blade Te times as long as claw
nth evenly colored, the flower ETT
crest extending nearly half
Perianth heavily flushed orange on
ES portions Jof sepal-blades, petals,
an style-branches flower rose-
ented: crest es tendihe only % the
len gth of the blade.
PEDE blade not over twice as long as claw.
rianth intense v e me
urpie
* :
Perianth not vinaceous.
Sepal-blade very
ben with brown:
ow
Sepal- blade not pocos veined:
crest Ton k-yellow
Perianth violet or laven
Sepal-blade sharply differentiated from claw.
Perianth lavender or white,
Perianth dark violet-blue.
Sepal-blade tapering gradually into claw.
Sepal- i: t not truly solitary, rudimentary laterals
prominently
crest yel-
Perianth violet-purple or rose:
times as long as the claw
ron wine-red: sepal- -blade not over twice as long
sepal-blade fully 3
V. LANCICRISTATAE
Crest present as a raised ridge
Crest- n only one well developed on either side.
Per n some shade o ron om or brown-red.
anth not m a ins ned.
Gros latovalg a out very sharply
from blade-color: perianth orange-rose.
Crest: laterals _indistinetly outlined: peri-
nth brownish-r
Perianth markedly ve
n
Perianth OaS, flushed LM pale
e near base of blades
jt
oo
nM
n
29.
. I. fuscirosea.
4.
T.
. I. chlorotopha.
. I. acleantha.
. I iophaea.
. I. ludoviciana.
. I. ianthina.
. I. violivenosa.
. I. pyrrholopha.
I. salmonicolor.
. I. fulvaurea.
6.
I. fumifulva,
I. fumiftora.
. I. moricolor.
. I. fuscaurea.
. I. purpurissata.
. I. viridivinea.
. I. fuscivenosa.
. I. crocinubia,
. I. miraculosa.
I. atrocyanea.
. I. tyriana
I ainlimarnaron
i £ £
. I. vinicolor.
I. rosilutea.
333
334 IXIACEAE
Perianth veined red-brown over old-
rose: crest laterals not extending into
claw.
Perianth flush-veined, flushed pale sal-
on on lower edges of petals and
ERT crest laterals extending into
claw :
Per ub rose-lilac, flushed with lavender
a base of blade.
eu "ed. -purple, purple, violet, or lilac.
e red- do DIEN or lilae
rianth lila
epal- blade nearly as broad as long, the
bas ale: crest- rs very nar
i perianth pale-lila
soper blade much longer "een broad, the
not pale: aeu terals broad ;
riolet.
rest extending scarcely at all into
sepal-blade ; uc. if present, des
narrow and indistin
Crest extending well "HS sepal-blade
Jaterals usually present bad discinct
Perianth E o violet-blue
Crest yellov nther S ot bifurecate: flower
"Hob SUE
Perianth markedl dark-veined.
rest-laterals deep- Sm the zone
at the junction of claw and blade
See outside of sepals greenish-
Crist- la rals white or cream, the
claw nearly white, as also the zone
a the junction: outside of sepals
early white
Perianth ae masii veined.
pe Eu anthers bifurcate: flower
fr
Crest- lateral 2 Ut more w M Ope on either side.
erianth red-lilae or rose-li
Perianth violet, blue-violet, oe lavender.
erianth violet or blue-viole
Crest-laterals the same color as the crest:
about twice as long as
aw.
Perianth light-violet: sepals spreading.
Perianth dol violet: sepals recurved.
Crest-laterals paler than crest: sepal-blade
abou times as long as claw.
Crest lemon: sepal- blade entire
us : oran ge -yellow : sepal- blade erose-
argine
Perianth res der
Crest rts as a groove, but colored light-yellow.
VI. TrI
Crest-zone not sharply rere from ae pud E on but
merging gradually into
Crest-zone sharply demarked from the sepal-color
Crest-laterals well hd cocos their color endis
upward from e
Crest- oo PE media nd.
fro ach other by cine or ere of ano ice
colo
Perianth dull-rose, the crest-laterals very nar-
and n inent.
Perianth red-purple or maroon, the crest-
laterals inent.
Crestlaterals merging into the median and all
together forming a triangular color-blotch at
base of. sepal-blade.
n verging towards rose and red shades.
nth rose or poe eate,
"P aaah intensely colored: crest evenly
31.
9)
I. rubicunda.
32. I. cerasioides.
33.
c2
Ni
~”
37.
Q2
O0
Ha OO
Oo
NN
-
43.
44.
QU cC
ER ©
I. rosipurpurea.
. I. regalis.
I. fourchiana.
I. oenantha.
. I. iocyanea.
. I. ioleuca.
. I. cyanantha.
. I. bifurcata.
. I. rubrolilacina.
I. viridis.
I. citriviola.
I. iodantha.
I. gentilliana.
. I. lancipetala.
. I. pseudocristata,
. I. rhodantha.
. I. parvirosea.
. I. Marplei.
IXIACEAE
Crest clear yellow: sepal-blade
BLUR tapering to claw
Sepals brilliant | carmi ine-rose,
PRSE ine ES petals pale sal-
n-pin
Se Saal s and petals dull-rose.
e olive-yellow: sepal- blade grad-
ally tapering to claw
Perianth pale-colored : cree yellow at
center, pale elsewhere.
Perianth purple or red-purple.
rest orange-yellow ; crest- -zone a
shortly radial, unspotted area.
a lemon; crest-zone lanceolate,
- otted and streaked.
Perianth porum g towards violet or violet-blue.
Crest- laterals only short streaks or spot- po E
color not extending upward from the
Perianth deep-violet.
Perianth maroon, magenta, or vinaceous.
Sepal-claw pale, dark- veined only abov
a eer T os dark-veined all ee ` except
CORONICRISTATAE
II.
icis D extending but little into the sepal-blade.
dir heavily streaked and spotted with creamy-
Perianth, "if streaked and POTG so marked by yel-
orange, or brownish
Radiasi- zone gradually merging into sepal-color
with no distinct outline.
^ brown-red: style-
Perianth red-violet or purple: Style branches
not yellow-winged.
Radial. L'zone xo demarked from sepal-color, not
ergin
Great median merely notched at apex: laterals
forming a straight-sided ree bloteh.
Crest oon deeply cleft at laterals
t forming a straight- sided Fane
aa laterals “forming an EE bloteh, not
streaking into the blade-
Crest-laterals radiating i inte e blade-color.
Crest- ee streaked and blotched well into the sepal-
Only the mid-portion of crest yellow, the lateral por-
tions all flushed and overstreaked with brown
one Eo zone of crest yellow, the lateral portion
metimes brown or violet-spotted on margins.
Radial MAREA i confined to lower-central half of
sepa
di ht-yell
ow, the radial QutHine
streaked into, and itself
Epal color.
Radial streakings extending all over blade.
AT with the
bee RADICRISTATAE
Capsule six-ribbed: species Floridia
Perianth white, except the yellow crest.
Perianth color ed.
tale apoer dases shallowly obluntly toothed, cap-
sule 6-ribbed.
Style-appendages deeply and sharply toothed, cap-
sule bluntly 6-sided.
Capsule six-lobed: species not Floridian.
Pe a longer ent the claw.
nth white: sepal-cre with
SOn Of don or greenish selow.
Perianth colored, or if white, with no greenish
veinings.
Crest- E nearly white, AE Bonn yellow :
perianth pale with lilac ve
lateral
52.
53.
94. I.
55. I.
I. callirhodea.
I. rhodochrysea.
id.
kl.
ids
sd
vds
. I. ca
. L.
T4. I.
ad
76. I.
DéWinkeleri.
pallidirosea.
. Thomasii.
57. I.
s ds
am
So USER
iochroma.
atroenantha.
. fuscisanguinea.
albilinea.
. auralata.
. phoenicis.
violilutea.
lopha.
chrysolopha.
chrysaeola.,
chrysophoenicea.
llilopha.
schizolopha.
. Albispiritus.
. Savannarum,
Kimballiae.
elephantina.
venulosa.
336 IXIACEAE
Crest-zone yellow as well = ET then
a ned white: perianth not markedly
ny.
CRE us eolor extending upwards from
the
Grest zone sharply demarked, not over-
flushed with darker color, and un
spott
Crest yellow or orange, separated
i or (e sepal color by a zone
White D completely surround-
ing the sepal-crest, and streaked
a ns flecked into the sepal blade
color.
White zone only at base of crest
and streaked Mri ped into
the sepal-blade: the crest me-
dian extending “into the blade
with ony 2 dark outline and
ot paler zone,
Crest lemon oe Sellos with a pale-
edo ow or Ds -lemon zone, but
white zo
Crest extending. '15 or
length of the sepa. blade,
the n ridge not mark-
Perianth red-violet : sepal-
pale-yellow crest-zone.
Perianth violet, or violet
blue; E lemon with
ae
pale- 3
Great” B Hd full ló way
own the sepal- blade, the me-
dian ridge very markedly
raise
Crest-zone not at all demarked, over-
dr with darker color, and hea vily
Spo
Cr sidus ee only on o ode not
tending upwards from cla
Sepal-blade in claw of equal length.
: IX. HEXAGONAE
Stem flower-bearing on the upper part, erect: sepal-blade
oval.
Style-appendages half-o ovate: claw of the BEDA! coer
treaks extending into the lower third of
' the blade: perianth rich-violet.
Crest of the sepal accompanied near the base of
ee blade with a narrow zone of yellow streaks,
it
violet-blue.
Style-appendages lanceolate: claw of the sepal deep-
without : foliage deep-green.
Stem flower-bea ring from near the base, decumbent or
pro
ate.
Petals with long, slender claws: plants with long,
iod pn which usually lie on the ground at
Petals "with. “sho rt, broad claws: plants with rela-
Sepal- blade ovate; crest- median extending beyond
the white zone
he blade orbicular- -ovate; crest-median exceeded
PRISMATICAE
Very slender gregarious plants with grass-like leaves, the
brightly variegated sepals with slender claws: rootstock
wiry, with brown scales,
-1
78 I.
-1
co
A
81. I.
00 O0
Co
On
a ds
ae
AA
-€—
85. I.
88. I.
I.
giganticaerulea.
paludicola.
Wherryana.
citricristata.
alticristata.
aurilinea.
fluvi
a IER
hexagona.
. alabamensis.
. rivularis.
foliosa.
brevipes.
. mississippiensis.
prismatica.
7 Ce ne a hd
HER IL LUCOUUCCLC OO HN
IXIACEAE 337
XI. VERSICOLORES
Seeds in two rows in each carpel: sepal-blade orbicular-
AE crestless, with very short zone of yellow-
green extending but little if at all into the blade:
E inno violet to purple.
Sepals and petals with broad claws much es than
the blades: petals much shorter than the sepals:
style-appendages undulate-angulate. 2, I. versicolor.
Sepals and petals with narrow claws nearly or quite 4.
the sepals: style-appendages ine 93. I. Shrevei.
Seeds; in one row in each carpel: dad blade obovate,
oval, or elliptic or nearly so, ustally slightly crested,
the crest papillose, with a zone of ye 2 or orange-
yellow extending far into the claw from one-third to
nearly one-half its length: perianth T lisht-vtolet to laven-
der or whitish (very rarely violet). 94. I. virginica.
TRIPETALAE
Relatively slender plants with ee cord- like rootstocks :
sepal-blade pat dart as or oval, with yellow blotch at
the base: petal oe or slightly o ‘lobed, much shorter
than the sepal- pied 5. I. tripetala.
XIII. PSEUDACORI
Plants B bright-yellow flowers, or cream COLOREM in al-
binos: leaves overtopping the inflorescence 96. I. Pseudacorus.
1. I. fulva Ker. Flower-stalk erect, mostly 0.5— 1.5 m. tall, slightly zigzag:
flowers slightly fragrant: hypanthium covering the ovary sharply 6-angled:
j le t opper-
Swamps, | and .
ditches, Coastal Plain a rarely more
northern provinces, Ga. to E Tex., Mo.,
and Ky.—%Spr. — The ud of color
through whieh this species ranges seem
endless. They are various shades of
orange, salmon, copper, E Don salmon-red, crimson, and’ scarlet, many
of them curiously strea A. yellow- flowered form furnishes the only true
yellow among our native eastern irises.
2. a SO iy d Flower- stalk erect, strict: flowers scarcely fra-
grant: sepals 8-9 g, arching: the claw greenish-yellow veined with
yellow. green, the blades spatulate, D twice as long as the claw, wine-red
to w PEE irregularly veined with br E purple, crestless, but the mid-
rib of the e extending into the blade icu red-purple band: petals
somewhat shorter than the sepals, wine- peret e-purple, except the yellow
base of the claw: capsule not seen.—Swamps, ditches, and bayous, S La.—Spr.
8. I. subfulva Small Flower-stalk erect, rigid: sepals recurv
long, the claw yellow, its wings pen neilled and flushed brown TT o :
; e ;
dark me : einy:
orange-red, paler on the s and wings, the wing-margins yellowish; appen-
dages flushed le: ere meets capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes,
and ditches, S La.—Spr.
22
338 IXIACEAE
I
pd s about 7 cm. long, the claw dull or i at base
wings a j
reely veined, edian band slightly darker, the beg g as
greenish-yellow midrib in the claw and e ending asal part of the
blade where it becomes dull-yellow and i finally split apically by the dark
blade-median w replaces it: petals magenta-purple, somewhat shorter than
hich lace ew
the sepals: style-branches light rose-purple, wing-margined, light-yellow; ap-
nds dark red- ini te day pale cbe -purple beneath: anther-tips exserted:
mps La.—Spr.
5. I. rubea Alexander. Flower-stalks erect, stiff: sepals reflexed, about 7 cm.
long, the claw yellow, its wings veine and streaked with orange-brown the
median rib erat -green, the blade a dark ruby color veined eee wi E.
triple median v of black-crimson and M flushed orange and n
lower margin; crest ded the yellow tip of the claw-midrib, but nen pide
by reason is many splotches and streaks of brown which cover it: petals droop-
ing, brow Du. the lower E alf flushed and streaked brown-orange: style-
branches brownish-ruby, their wings pink-margined: appendages brownish- indi
above, orange-flushed beneath: anther- -tips included: capsule oval, about
long, 6-angled.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr.
. I. rosiflora Small. Flower-stalk striet, rigid: flowers slightly den
sepals 7-8 em. long, spreading, the claw suffused with cream- -color or pal
0
] se, and bro |
the sepal-blade: style-branches lilae-rose, the appendages the v color, lacer-
ate-toothed: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Mars shes, bayous, and
ditches, S La.—Spr.
7. I. chlorolopha Small. Flower- kind strict: flowers not fra agrant: sepals 7—8
c
m. long, digas “spreading, the aw diu: with RE the blade of
a lavender ground-color, Pinty y ned p lavender an ith a p
a he
cluded: capsule not een.— Swamps and bayou-ban
sunlight, the flower of this species has a decidedly ber cast.
8. I. acleantha Small Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals reflexed, about 8 cm.
long, the claw lemon-yellow, veined yellow green, the blade a d M smoky, shade
f pale red-violet, irregularly flushe drab, the erest greenish-lemo » apically
split b dul wn-purple vein, a few irregular mon markings runn up
fr claw into t : f the blade: petals smoky, ligh gray-violet,
grayish-flushed above, lower half irregularly flushed dra ab, the lower claw pal
olive-drab: ele ee cee mom nish-yellow, the wings yellow, the sides dull,
moky violet-flushed; appendages light, smoky red-violet, flushed drab above
8 y e nda ht
coarsely lacerate-toothed, below smoky-lavender wo es anther-tips
included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes ; 8 Le -—Spr.
A Ps ae e r. e D. ei rigid: sepals E about
claw cream gre ish, the veins and th -veins
T) m pore with dE the FI smoky lavender-violet, th a
IXIACEAE 339
median band of smoky red- Hann > central vein of which notehes the tip of
the solitary yellow crest, cream streaks are extended into the basal portion of
e blade from the claw, this xul. is also drab-flushed, the entire blade is
ined IAN more dark than the ground-eolor: petals light smoky lavender-
ott slightly veiny, -o orange-drab in the claw: style-branches greenish
at the base, beco ids ewhat roseate ndo of smoky DRM RIDE. above,
the wings and ee r por Brean apricot-flushed; appendages coarsely but deeply
and regularly iid toothed: anther- s included: capsule not seen.—Swamps
and marshes, S La.—Spr.
10. I. ludoviciana Small. Flower-stalk d Ri and striet: ien recurved
or recurved-spreading, 7-8 em. long, the w yellow, veined brown-red, the
blade du E ed-violet, rather veiny, the er ES light yellow, n ub, cleft
by a dark brown- purple vein, the 1 or 2 later ery n t radial: pet
dull red-purple, flushed red-violet iom ndi ene the eats nnel em
orange, its wings nnne style- branches osy-purple, pti orange-
flushed Io towards the bas aie ings margined yellow; appendages
smoky rose-purple, flushed orange: ere -tips slightly m eapsule not
seen pite amps, marshes, ditehes, and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr.
11. I. ianthina EN eet Flower- pe erect, rigid: sepals reflexed-spread-
ing, 7-8 em. long, the clay Vas ned red-v iolet, the midrib light-olive,
streaked pale e Sd the "bla de Ru rbi UE dark- is faintly veined,
ae ag e veins of red-purple are distingu ishable in the loy r and e entral por-
tio ; the ere l split completely into the claw by a Holet black A a few
ings showing on its sides: als vi ushed di
ish
the base: style-branches dark purple-violet: appendages violet, lacerate-toothe
an RUE Pu included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr.
12. I. violivenosa Small. Flower-stalk erect, stiff: cei ee oS about
em. long, the claw greenish-white with green v veins, its wings sparsely iu
veined, the blade dark-violet, almost black in a me dia n band which terminates
S urple near the ma lui
towards the channel, the claw nearly white, flushed lavender and vein
purplish-red, the channel greenish-yellow: style-branches greenish, flushed
purplish on the upper part of the keel; appendages finely lacerate, pale rosy-
purplish, flushed pale blue-violet: anthe er-tips included: capsule not seen.—
Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr.
13. I. pyrrholopha Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, ds and rigid: sepals
recurved, about 7 em. long, the claw yellow, veined darker, its wings dark-
pencilled and flushed, as also part of the body, the blade orange-red, pinkish,
or salmon, Penge! ups -veined, the crest solitary, crimson or carmine, the
t
color continuin ng a n and on to the apex of the blade: petals colored
like the sepal- Plade, , but paler, the ch l an w portion yellowish or
salmo ushed: style-branches orang ous, the darker, the b
fl d: le o e or fulv kee
d Mi flushed yellow; appendages pinkish or reddish, flushed orange or
n: anther-tips slightly exserted: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes,
Pee and bayou banks, S La.—Spr.
. l.salmonicolor Small. Flower-stalk striet: flowers via bran sepals spread-
ing, the elaw lemon-yellow, the color flushing up into as of blade, the
blade T dark-buff with yellow-brown veins, fading t ind o "with
orange veins, the er i greenish-yellow, becoming brown- tise at the tip: petals
pale pinkish-buff veined lght-orange, the channel of the claw 2d pink:
style-branches eg S along margins: tips of the anthers exserted:
capsule not seen.—Marshes, S La.—Spr.
340 IXIACEAE
15. I. fulvaurea Small Flower- dd erect, straight, rather slender: sepals
Spreadin ng, the claw apricot-yellow veined dark x-erimson, the blade crimson-
scarlet, veined ud and flushed a apricot near the base, the d inar bright-
yellow ^to red-orange: petals apricot, flushed and vein ed with ¢ , the claw
apricot: style -branches salmon-pink: anther-tips exserted: seule m een.—
Bayous, marshes, and ditehes, a.—Spr.
"E ea ies d. n. ll. Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals recurved-spreading,
6-7 e ong, t w yellow with green midrib, its side- and wing-veins pen-
cilled pm ed p yellow color of claw flushed into the basal n of
the blade; blade Smoky Bn s veined with brown-red, the crest light-
yellow, surroun nded by a zone of e mson- on. and finally becomi ae a crimson
brown median band: pais s light- n over-flu shed pink, especially around
central Gol oh. the whole veined rose-brown, a M rus band of orange-yellow
running the length s the petal, pe widening a e until 7 covers the
en as claw: Blog anches green at bas S ge further up pale greenish-
ange, the wings bink- -flus a Are the entire keel dull rosy-purple:
ope ges E sm iA salmon-pink, flushed dull orange: anther-tips included:
capsule not mps, aes d and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr.—
Probably of jo baa Hee but now widespre
17. I. fumiflora Alexander. Flower- Aie erect, prd rigid: sepals recurved-
spreading or spreading, 7—8 cm. long, within, the D dede. -yellow,
faintly peneilled on its wings with 1 avender, the bla rH auve or orchid, often
with a pink east, not very md dne veiny, the AN drea ; yellow without,
dull mauve, overlain greenish-yellow on crest region and a pe etals maure-
pink, the lower “third smoky, pale buff or salmon: E -branches pale salmon or
de appendages smoky edid d. shallow-toothed, flushed pale-orange be-
ow: anther-tips exserted: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, bayou-banks,
id ditches, S La.—Spr.
I. moricolor Small. Flower-stalk rigid: sepals 7—8 long, recurved-
ena the claw rather short and broad, en S dite ‘flecked and veined
in red- Mu the blade oval, much longer the claw, crim son-maroon
eined ker, the crest a si ngle rather prominent ridge of i ntense yellow,
edie into the blade for nearly half of its length: petals ee spa d
id pd e the sepals, the claw Mau d -aprico ot, the blade crimso
ith a ian darker line: style-branches dull purplish old-rose with
ne bris iem ins, the under side yellow-green flushed with old-rose, the
appendages Mure: ovate, about ae ias ng, purplish old-rose, Un n
eapsule ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, long, 6-ridged-angled.—Bayous and
marshes, S ri Lope —This is one 2^ the darkest colored and richest of the
*f reds?? yet se
19. I. fuscaurea Small. Flower-stalk erect: flowers rose-scented: sepals 7—8.5
em. long, spreading, firm, the claw flushed with apricot and veined and pencilled
orange-brown, with the midrib pale yellow-green, the blade brown-lilac, the
lower por rtion apricot-flushed, especially towards the margin, dark bro wn-lilac
about and beyond the very narrow brigh pes crest: petals cuneate-spatula ES
d o than the sepals, the claw with brown-lilae lines and orange
Em s, the blade flushed w ith aprieot at the base, brown-lilae beyond: oie
een rosy-brown-lilae, the wings yellow; appendages slightly darker-colored,
flushed apricot beneath: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Ponds and
swamps. S La.—Spr.
20. I. Pipe Small Flower- p erect, rigid: sepals dics o
ing, w the claw greenish-white, veined magenta, especially o wings,
the blado 'ecclesiostie-purple or brilliant m ees purple, the crest ae beyond
the yellow green in claw, solitary, but surrounded by a zone of purple veins;
IXIACEAE 341
without, dull-plum, overlain light, silvery-green on crest and claw, the claw
also speckled purple: petals somewhat paler than the sepals, p i
cream near the base: style-branches and appen dages about the same magen
as the petals, the wings paling to the margin, the body white a the base on
both sides: anther-tips exserted: Capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes,
S La.—Spr.
21. I. Meroe. Small. a shee cid erect: sepals spreading or re
m the elaw greenish-yellow veined bro and flushed and splotehed xd.
brown, deep- PN, fiushings at its e r aoe, d into the base of the blade
heavily veined brown-purple, the blade red-violet or vinaceous, flecked with
violet and with purplish-brown veins, the erest greenish-yellow or nid lagen
pcre tipped, eventually becoming a red-violet streak with a red-v eye
around the blackish tip: eae red- violet, flushed bluish-lilae in the med an
part: style- a light brown-lilac, becoming cream on the mar capsule
seen.—Mar , ditches, and bayous, S La.—Spr.—This may Bie. upon
Me study, - E m than one y
22. I. dec cs Small. Se es erect and stiff, slender: sepals re-
flexed, about 8 cm. long, the claw orange-cream, veined yellow-green, the veins
and those of ilia: wings pencilled with rose-brown, the blade dull rose heavily
and prominently veined rose-brown, flushed down the center 2 and all over
lower third with brown-orange, the Sy E -green, solitary, t rown veins
coming so close ied bis nd it as to make a dark central D petals light
old-rose, veined in channel with dm ae [ue er half rose-orange veined and
ushed rose: vi a dull old-rose, flushed dull pinkish-orange on the
E the keel dark old-rose, the appendages E -rose, slightly flushed orange-
: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr.
23. I. crocinubia Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stiff and slender: sepals
recurved, about 6 em. long, the elaw dull orange-green-veined at the base, veins
above elouded over with orange and vein-peneilled rose-brown, the bi ade smoky
ponit old-rose on outer third, but entire lower two-thirds so prie pees d
ver and flushed ipis ee orange as to almost eompletely obseure its color, some
of these cloudings end nearly to the apex, the crest solitary, Du d
p ene outlined ith red-viol ds petals smoky gray-pink, clouded and flushed
n the lower thir brown-orange: inn -branches dull purplish-rose on the
keel, the body flushed brown-orange, the wings dull pale-orange; appendages
purplish old-rose, dun iUe anther-tips ineluded: eapsule not seen.—
Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr.
. I. miraculosa Small. Flower- s vita, strict: ph ped bade Qa
sepals 10—12.5 cm. long, recurved-spre , the claw
green, the blade elliptic, oval, or ee e, la vender or pex ue he prominent
i w: petals sp a shorte
than the sepals, white or n beyond the poser inged base: style-
branches greenish- -white, the wings white, faintly flushed pale-lavender; ap-
pendages lavender, shallowly lacerato: toothed: anther-tips included: capsule
oval, ais id, or obovoid, 6.5-9 cm. long, 6-lobed.—Swamps and ditches, S La.
—Spr
25. I. pol ees Small. n stalk rigid, strict: flowers fragrant: sepals
7.5-9.5 € oe ng, spreading or recurved-spreading, the claw suffused with yel-
lowish- oe and with often whitish margins, the bla de oaar. oval or orbicu-
lar-ovate, dark violet-blue, the narrow crest yellow: petals broadly o
somewhat shorter than the sepa als, the cuneate claw M than the blade,
greenish at the base, m with "red-violet above, the bla o is blue
and often with dark lines at the base: style-bra nehes red- pa. appendages
irregularly lacerate pre d: eapsule ellipsoid or nearly so, 8-10 em. long,
6-lobed.—Swamps, ditches, and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr.
342 IXIACEAE
I. tyriana Small. Flower- n erect, oo and rigid: sepals recurved-
iur within, the i w pale orange-ere veined brown, the blade rich
violet-purple, flushe d around the crest zone cad dull reddish purple, the crest
greenish- yellow, solitary, with the Eo D. veinin n E. the elaw extending u
and radiating into erest zon t dull y-violet, crest and ela
overlain pale ¢ Eoi: db petals a slightly more a cast of pur Ps TEM
the sepal, flushed orange-crea ings and near base, side a
mid-band of greenish-white: Ede pue ‘light rod: violet. p Tees
at base, the keel purplish- pink, the wings pale-salmon, flushed reddish near
apex; appendages dull red-violet, flushed pinkish-pu rple ar base, sharply
aaa p s anther-tips included: eapsule not seen Lue PEN and marshes,
S pr
27. I. e eles = all Flower-stalk rigid, striet: aay ers ree fra-
ls preading d
a as ;
the erest yellow, its rudimentary laterals barely reaching the base of th ade:
petals a much shorter than the sepals, the claw yellowish only at the
base e blade violet-purple and dark-lined at the base: style-branches red-
oe E: e wings greenish; appendages red-purple, shallowly lacerate-toothed:
anther- -tips included: caps sule oval or ovoid-oval, 7-9 em. long, bluntly 6-lobed.—
Marshes, swamps, and bayous, S La.—
28. I. vinicolor Rl ~ stalk erect, strict: ps slightly fragrant:
ds s 7.5—8.0 c cid curved-spreading or droopin = claw yellow-green
at the base, above dul omis -flushed, veined and pen il led Drown iolet; the
blade vinaceous-purple, especially dark about the narrow yellow crest: petals
broadly spatulate, much shorter than the sepals, the claw greenish-yellow ' and
somewhat lined, the blade bird rple and somewhat suffused with ue -
green at the base: style-bra s dull reddish-purple, pen wings RE orange;
appendages red-purple, eee erose- eee anther-tips included: capsule ellip-
soid or obovoid-ellipsoid, 5-7.5 em. long, ere 6- eed. —Sw n and bayou
banks, S La.—Spr.
29. I. rosilutea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stiff, but rather short: sepals
reflexed, about 7 em. long, the claw yellow, its wings penciled and flushed
with orange-pink, the blade opening orange-rose, but soon fading to a light
but dull $6 p the erest a Pind with a oe ee -yellow e
on either side, t m ian finally becoming a bro petals opening
orange-rose, but ce aal and o bl de 2 Pins ligh t be ae the whole
fading to the same color to which the sepals fade: style-branches pinkish-o
on the sides, the wings flushed us m and margin Ed yellow, the keel purplish
rose which e olor is flushed on the upper portion of the b ʻange-
beneath, flushed purplish-rose n appendages deeply toothed, Ege P. near
the tips; anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and mars hes, S
pr.
*
j 4
La.—
30. I. Au de Small. Flower-stalk erect, strict, rigid: sepals shenuy
recurved, 7-8 cm. long, the claw pale-olive, veined darker r, the claw-wings pen
eilled and ed with brown-rose, the bl ade dark, eod old-rose vein-
streaked darker, the crest orange -yello w, one lateral of same color on each side,
ut half obscur ed by brown-rose blotchings and suff usions: petals dull old-rose
wrinkle-stre us ee , the claw-channel olive, as also is the claw-base: style-
branches gree old- -ros e, the wing margins pale olive- SD appendages dull,
pale old-rose, n lone d: anther-tips about equalling the stigmas: capsule
not seen —Swamps, marshes, and ditches, S La.—Spr.
I. rubicunda Small. Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals about 8 em. long,
the claw greenish-yellow within, brown-violet veined and with brown- co spots
IXIACEAE 343
near the upper end, the od with a ground-eolor of a brilliant magenta-cerise,
prominently vein ed with bro , the crest-median orange-yellow with one sho rt
lateral on either side and ed ‘mi nor pues als more or less Dod the
entire crest-zone surrounded by utlining zone of brown-violet, giving a dar
eye effect; without, the blade dul old-rose, the erest area pale-yellow: Rs
about 6 c em. long, the pas a lilae-old-rose on both sides, but n in with bro
e band
orange veinings an pde r of crimson-oran ge Ww spreads with
apricot flushings o Xon claw, a central ue» of pale m green with-
out: style-branchos porplish old. -rose at the base, fading rapidly above to apri-
ot, the wing-margins of the body pale- = rens the keel dull-orange; the ap-
. y
dro apres ot at the base, becoming flushed towards the edges with purplish
old-rose: capsule not seen —Ditches and marshes, S La.—Spr.
32. I. cerasioides Alexander. Flower- ri e and iip 2s eda) by
the leaves: sepals spre ading, about 8 e ong, the claw orange-cream, heavily
veined and flushed with dark, purplish rose, the m idrib pode Slow y, un-
marked, the blade flushed light-salmon on the sides near the base, above, dull
purplish- d the whole streak-veined brownish-rose, the ase bright-yellow,
r two laterals of the same color, whose color does not extend into the
a eh petals old-rose He eentral portion, the outer En and ie but
hie
the channel below flushed and streaked light-salmon, the channel brown-orange:
style-branches old-rose; appendages deeply but sparsely ee -toothed :
anther one exserted: eapsule obovate, about 6 em. long, 6-angled.—Swamps and
marshes, S La.—Spr.
rosipurpurea Alexander. odi r-stalk erect, rigid: sepals recurved-
33. I.
spreading, within, the claw apparently cream, but obscured by a profusion of
did D qud and rue ci peribus on the median ridge, m de dull
se-lila ve uch veined darker, especially on the lower portion, which
n additi on ell pm ked and flushed with lavender, the Ure dx lemon, the
Eu on either aed rid obliterated by the dark brown-purple veins which
at this point come very close together; without, light reddish violet the crest
and claw ov o Due. -olive, the claw brown-purple Rue petals light,
Du rose within, outside, lavender, with a a midflush s 2 n
s vender-rose , the wings white below w, the e gradua ally narr wing t
argin above; appen ndages light, NL irregularly etie: ED
ju toothed: anther- -tips equalling the stigmas: capsule not seen—Swamps and
marshes, S La.—Spr.
34. I. di aed Small. Flower-stalk erect, flowers strongly musk-scented:
sepals 9—11 em. long, spreading, firm, the claw suffused with green, EA blade
rosy-lilae light ‘with caer darker veins, the crest yellow, with o r two
laterals intense lem sometimes a third r rudimentary lateral Ng um very
base of the blade: nd broadly spatulate, slightly shorter than the sepals,
the claw ay ee with green and dark-lin she the blade elliptic or oval, varying |
to obovate or ovate, undu in "s rosy-lilae on both sides of the gree enish- brown
median line: style-branches mostly gre lg api flushed rosy-lilae, deeply
d Miser heavily flushed orange- yellow n the lower side: anther-tips
luded: sule obov oid, the six ridges very distinct on the lower e -thirds,
em faint odi the apex.—Swamps and pools, S La.—Spr.
35. I. lilacinaurea Alexander. oe stalk rigid and erect: sepals spread-
ing, the claw yellow except the orange c sd and the lavender wings, the
blade. dark rich lilac, with the veinings not prominent, much longer than broad,
the erest à broad jio ots triangle of brilliant, a outlined in red-violet,
the two laterals which help form the Pii ud osa with the crest median
petals lilac, paler and reddish flushed i w portion: style- Sane hes: rou |
violet, the appendages red-lilac: eS ien Ben .—Marshes and bayous, S La.
—Spr.
344 IXIACEAE
2 » fourchiana Small Flower-stalk erect, rigid and strict: sepals 7-8
ong, the claw pale yellow-green, veined and pen peer red-violet, the blade
dull peur darker, the crest yellow, scarely ex ending i into the base
of the sepa] -blade, 1-3 laterals, Ta narrow and in cia surrounded by
in ompany the i
as the sepal blade, ushed near pus center and in claw with apricot: style-
branches light orange-purple, the wings yellowish; B light red-violet,
deeply lacerate toothed: anther-tips included: ae not seen.—Swamps,
marshes, ditehes, and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr.—This may include more than
one species. It is one of the most widely distributed and ERE: of the La.
spec l
37. I. oenantha Small Flower-stalk erect, stout, strict: sepals 9-10.5 cm.
long, rather laxly drooping, the claw pc -ye ellow w, with the median ribs
ot the lateral M: red-brown, and the wings veined d-brown, a zone of
ish flushes n
l S three ede ame length of the s win eu rple
ES S La
a darker median
band and a darker zone surrounding the crest; the ey NOE yellow, peus
broad, with one or two yellow laterals on "ith er side: petals light bai n
nearly as long as the sepals, the basal channel orange-flushed, as
set ue of the lower wee nd the claw: dod -branches eub. “becoming
ery pale towards base, the appendages the same color: capsule 8-9 c
don ellipsoid, ne 6-ridged.— Marshes, paso: and ditches, S La =
38. I. b prs Small. Puis stalk erect, strict, rigid: sepals spreading,
aa 9 cm. lon ng, P i. w, veined gr eenish, the blade blue-violet,
the more prominen pud , the erest dark-lemon, with one or two paler
an the ipee) and laterals 'outlined by a black-violet zone, which eventu-
p arker
eined red-pur
wings: style-branches violet, their wing-m s greenish; appen or Md
finely and deeply lacerate-toothed : Suo a inclu m ea E sule not
Swamps, marshes, and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr.— a clo s similar
form with the sepa al-claw greenish- -white with Pn veinings,
petals palo-violet flushed cream in the claw; this may prove upon farther E
to be a speci
39. I. ioleuca Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals recurved-spread-
ing, 9-10 em. long, the claw 1 veined pale-green, its wings faintly flushed
pale- green, their veins and those of the main body faintly pencilled with brown-
purple, the blade blue-violet, em veiny, the crest pale-yello i
d :
a ts u
style-branches greenish-lavender, the wings greenish but lav eee Aue ie d, ie
keel violet with a lavender ridge; appendages light-vole, flushed bluish, coarsely
lacerate-toothed: anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes,
ditches, and bayou-banks, S La.—Spr.
40. I. cyanantha TeS Pide erect, strict: flowers slightly
fragrant: sepals 8-9 em. long, the claw pale greenish-yellow, v veined yellow-
green, the blade with a deep hue. ona CUIR fading violet-blue, unstreaked,
the crest bright yellow, with one narrow lateral of yellow and a rudimentar
lateral of cream: petals s spatulate somewhat shorter than the sepals, the elaw .
red-purple, the blade of the Eee) -color as the sepal-blade, but often
becoming whitish- streaked: ud aie not seen.—Swamps, moist woods, 'and bayous
a.—Spr.—This is one of the clos a a. to true blue yet found in
Menem irises.
IXIACEAE 345
41. I. bifurcata Small. dial xe erect, stiff, strict: flowers slightly rose-
scented: sepals 9-10.5 cm. long, recurved, the claw suffused and lined with
green, deeper in the middle, the blade oval-ovate, of a ais blue ground-color,
very prominently dark-veined, with a narrow lemon ateral near the base of the
meadow
49. I. rubrolilacina Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, rigid and strict
the sepal-blades: style-branches heavily streaked and flushed pale-orange, the
keel pale-orange: anther-tips included: capsule not seen BOSSES s and marshes,
S pis
43. viridis E gos stalk erect, strict: flowers slightly musk-
Ru ue als 7.5-8.5 em. long, wide- spreadin g, the claw suffused with
pale yellowish-green, ane yellow green, the blade violet, the crest and its 2
r 3 contiguous laterals forming a lancehead of bright greenish-yellow: petals
spatulate, somewhat shorter than the. sepals, the claw suffused with green and
i th 7
"cin d 6-lobed.—Marshes and bayou-banks, S La.—A species with very free-
plants, the sepals not WAYS spreading out full, "but the brilliant
violet. color gives a pleasing e ect.
I. citriviola Small. . Flower-stalk erect, rigid and strict: sepals recurved-
b. within, the claw greenish-white veined yellow-green, its wings lightly
peneilled red-violet, t the blade royal-purple, the crest brilliant lemon, with one
or two l f same color, all outlined deep ; elaw-veins becoming
brown a aw; without the blade light silvery-violet, overlain silvery
the erest and claw yellow-green same e blades, within,
flushed lavender law portion, without, the claw flushing pale silvery-
green style-branches dull light-violet, fading paler and more greenish at base,
e wings white; appendages light-violet, flushed lavender beneath, erose-
toothed: anther- -tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, ditches, and
bayou-banks, S La.—Sspr.
45. I. iodantha Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stout, rigid: sepals recurved,
within, the elaw greenish-yellow, bengal tie en veined, the v veins becoming black-
purple at on of blade, claw-wings my, margined dark-lavender, the veins
brown-flecked, the blade rich, briliant-violot, the erest dark-lemon, with 2 short
laterals, the first lemon, the 'second pale-lemon, barely extend into the base of
he blade and all outlined with black-purple; without, the crest-region overlain
ereamy gree ~ the claw light yellow-green, streaked purplish: petals
f ue
same color sepal-blade, except lower part o ade flushed Md the
claw crea ed-lilac streaked; , claw and 1 part of
rae aged Bue pl rn dul red violet Nc cm p
ing below, w argin ds a P Dp dages violet,
exserted : pens i seen.—Swam mps s and ud S La.
46. I. gentiliana Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stout and rigid: sepals
recurved, within, the claw pale whitish-green, veined yellow-green, the blade
346 IXIACEAE
erose-erenulate, rich-violet, slightly n the crest orange-yellow, laterals 2,
the first A yellow, the second cream-orange, spotted purple, the veins be-
tween and a und crest and í ls brown-purple, no crest color descending
18
: s erose-margined, 3 em.
same color as sepal-blades except the channel red-lilac, the claw po rue cream,
flushed reddish lilac; outside, with a median e P2 ale att) -green style e-
flushed reddis
outside with a median of pale silvery-green: style- onde dull light RII.
becoming greenish at base, the wings silver ery- n ite, only white- uL above;
appendages light -violet, irregularly lacerate-toothed, flushed cream at bas e be-
neath: anther- -tips ineluded: capsule not seen. —Swamps d pu S La.
—Spr.
47. I. lancipetala Alexander. Flower- stalk erect, slender, but rigid: sepals
Spr it within, the claw pale-lemon, veined pale-oliv ve, _the blade lavender,
n 2 toe ve sins bistre, the crest da e very n du brown-tipped,
the tip con ing as a median vein-like band, laterals 2, "Sello , rather fai
si LM slightly in without, lavender, centr al zone o um 'silve ery-yellow,
claw yellow-green: peta als lav — , becoming gr Heres di and pale
lilac. ee veined: style-branches T ith faint lavender the keel
gray-green, the wings pale silver-pink; appe oc: lavender, Pil, regulary
erose toothed: anther-tips barely included: ae not seen.—Swamps and
marshes, S La.—Spr.
48. I. vi popa Small. Flower-stalk rigid, usually rather slender,
strict: sepals 8-9 em. long CUT the claw sulphur- -yellow, the midrib yellow-
green, the blade m or ne nd SO ‘of he Fees lavender- o ground-c P un
crest ‘represented by a gro , but m ked by a e 7 lancehead o n-
yellow: petals Con uud slightly mo than t * sepals elliptie cha
undulate-erisped, the claw suffused with yellow-green a e base, the blade
much longer than the elaw, colored like the sepal-blade: style- n anches lavender-
Meus Apps d light lavender- violet, lacerate gos seedy pos
capsu — Mars and edges of bayous, S La.—Spr.—Although the
sepal S ied o have rest, color alone indicates it, for there is a groove
in the base of the al blade instead of a ridge.
*e
49. I. rhodantha Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, strict: sepals sharply re-
eurved, iu elaw lemon-yellow with the wings streak-veined EET he blade
es ep a poke rose veined orange-brown, the crest intense lemon-ye d a
de range and yellow i E e at the Hos of the sepal-blade, whieh. is
2:9 with rose-brown e the crest-zone merge with blade- xn
ue Pd rose, the m cd i nie -branches old-rose: appendages
about 5 . long, merely undulate-margined: in tips slightly exserted:
EE og: seen "Marshes and ditches, S La.—Spr.
50. I. parvirosea Small Flower-stalk erect and slender, rigid: sepals
dicet about 7 cm. long, the claw s yellow, the greenish ps! of body
and wings pencilled with rd e blade dull-rose, the crest bright-
M with about 3 laterals the same ped these laterals very ns and
separated from each other on from the main crest ge-brown veins,
hich veins after passing th zon rown-rose and radiate a
the crest e become b
short distance into the blade: petals light, dull-rose, flushed along the channel-
sides and below with rosy orange, the base of the claw Mond style- in
dull greenish-rose, somewhat flushed rosy-orange, the wings pale crea A
yellow; appendages irregularly toothed: anther- tips included: capsule En seen
s and marshes, S La.—Spr.
51. I. Marplei Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, stout, rigid: sepals spreading,
the elaw lemon-yellow, veined pale yellow- green, its wings veined violet-brown
IXIACEAE 347
and dotted with red-violet the blade plum-color or nearly maroon with a ped
eentral band, the crest dee ep-yellow with a median brown line on the low
portion, notched i the tip, with 2-4 very broad Mi cesi yellow laterals on
either side, each, however, Rd d by bands of brown-red, the tips of all
laterals and the crest pin Mp pe a mee radial fete. ‘petals and style-
branches plum-color: capsule not seen.—Swamps, S La. — Spr. —The crest of
this T is e most aa of the a group, causing a very striking
per
52. I. callirhodea pir uua pe stalk erect, stiff: sepals Ee Or
recurved-spreading, about 8 em. long, the claw greenish- yellow, its veins yellow-
green, pe encilled with xh Dou the blade dark rose, flus hed Hle near the
margins and prominently veined orange-brown, the crest brilBiant-yellow, three
distinet laterals on ha side forming a large triangle which is outlined with
red-brown, a large area around the crest heavily flushed dull-vermilion, becom-
ing yellow at extreme base: petals salmon-pink, salmon-flushed and prominently
veined rose-brown, the claw-wings pale orange-yellow veined rose-brown: style-
el- re
smoky brown-orange flushed rosy- iac and ae brown: anther-tips included:
capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, and partly dried bayous, S La.—Spr.
53. I. rhodochrysea Small. Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals spreading, the
claw light orange-yellow, its wings veined red- brown, the Tu de an intense old-
rose lilae, veined prominently with c us, the veins at the base forming
a brown “outline to the crest, the crest a deep Prud 2 with a broad
triangle of unmarked and inte ense o separated fro argins by a zone
of fle hs mingled with eream , this zone ae “all eer the base .
of the blade: petals old-rose, veined lilac, the claw flushed apricot: style-
MN pale did- -rose, the wings flesh-eolor, notched their entire length, the
appendages about 18 mm. long, old-rose, widely flaring: capsule not seen.—
Ditches and marshes, S La.—Spr.
54. DeWinkeleri Small. Flower- stalk erect, strict and rigid: sepals re-
d s within, the elaw pale-olive, overflushed bs pinkish hee e
brown streaks and dots, the era Pw -streak ed with rose-brown, an
ing into the blade as dae e blade nearly light x rose- pink, D
color is clear only on. the Mi ‘third, the inner part vily flushed ae
1
2 later at
mU “ight ae oe a overlain apis sulphur, except on margin, crest and
claw pale yellow-green: petals pale gray-pink, banded ps center a rosy
orange-brown, claw-wings pale-yellow flushed ; without, slightly paler, the
center band pale silvery-yellow: style-branches dull orange-rose, the wings pale-
green at eae flushed near center with orange-pink, then becoming light old-
rose a 2 appendages light sm o and edel vei nius
55. I. pallidirosea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, strict and rigid: sepals
spreading 7—8 cm. long, the claw pale, cream y-yellow, veined darker yellow, the
e extremely DA flushed rather irregularly with bu ue w w
n band of buff, the crest orange-yellow, brown-orange tipped 3
peu of light yellow forming a broad tria angu ular crest zone; e E
same color as the sepal blade with the channel light brown- orange, the claw
wings pale-yellow: style-branches pale-yellow faintly flushed pinkish on the
sides; appendages anes arena irregularly toothed: anther-tips slightly ex-
serted: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr.
348 IXIACEAE
56. I. Thomasii Small. Flower-staik erect, rigid: sepals recurved-spread-
ing, 7-8 cm. long, the claw deep-yellow, veined yellow-green, the blade red-
violet with a darker median band, the crest orange-yellow, a series of short
radials around its base which do not however extend into the blade-color bs
form a sharply outlined narrowly iip lee zone: petals red-violet, e channel
ao Bile ape the claw wings eee orange, veined red-v iolet near chan-
style-branches dull i n their wings margined yello Sh. Mi dages
dull red-violet edged a hed slate; shallowly lancerate- toothe d: anther-
tips included: capsule < pa ith a tape ring, beak-like apex, 6—10 cm. long,
rod 6-an gle ed.—Swamps, mode. ditehes, and bayou-ba nks, S La.—Spr.—A
form this with ve a pete perianth, a rather smo n green sepal-claw, widely
dilated petals i orange and brown veined claw may i another species.
57. I. amnicola Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, rigid, strict: sepals re-
eurved-spreading, within, the claw sulphur, its upper two-thirds flecked and
spotted dull red-violet, the veins green, the blade deep vinaceous-purple, the
A t dark-lemon, narrow viy lance-shaped, its color streaked, flecked and spotted
o the lower part of the blade, T itself spotted P flecked hes d
Eur dull dark violet overlain greenish-su ulphur crest and ¢
petals within , deep v eous PLE red violet in the pon erg the us
pale oran ge-yellow, Menu ed orange-cream; without, slightly more dull-colored,
a broad median band of sulphur in the lower half: style-branches dull, light
red-violet, the margin creamy; appendages the same ie sparsely an nd shal-
lowly sharp-toothed, flushed orange at base beneath: anthe er-tips exserted:
capsule not seen —Swamps, marshes, ditches, and bayou-banks, S La.—
I. cyanochrysea Small. Flower-stalk erect, rigid: sepals recurved-
ie readin ng, within, the claw greenish cream vein ed yellow-green, its wings
aa aked lea -violet on the inner side, the blade blue-violet, the crest deep-
ellow, two laterals on each side forming an oval blotch of color, outlined with
Sark- violet and flecke s MA E this border with red-violet and white, the
median ridge tipped orange-bro no blade pe extending downward into
the claw; without, 2 -violet, ACE white on crest zone, crest median and
claw ye low-green: petals blue-viole t, the base of t the blade and the channel
red-violet, margined by a pinki sh zone heavily flushed MEE ddp
white towards base, ub with a gree pes us flush onm the r por-
ally becoming lilac to uu the top, lower third of t l green; appendages
light-violet, erose-toothed, flushed whitish o a -tips included: cap-
not seen.—Swamps s and mars shes, S La—
59. I. a Small. Flower-stalk erect, strict: sepals recurved-spread-
ing, within, the claw gr T -cream, veined yellow-green, the blade pansy-
purple, veined es vio ee n, the crest lemon, with two lemon laterals on
either side about 3 m ong, t ‘the ir color stopping d -: the E with-
out, a dull hade of ight-vile, overlain with white, the t median and the
apes v pale yellow-green: petals pansy-purple, fushed red mu below, p claw-
wings whitish; without, paler colored, the median nearly white, the claw
ipu yellow its wings whitish: style- -branches ‘ult pus violet, greenish white
r base, wings very broad, white below, faintly flushed red-violet abov e,
ent half i the keel white; appendages violet, deeply toothed, flushed lavender
beneath: anther-tips exserted: capsule not seen.—S war mps and marshes, S La.—
60. I. atroenantha Small. Flower-stalk' erect, i and cien sepals spread-
ing-recurv ae within, the claw greenish-yellow, veined brown-purple near top,
veined green below, its wings yellow, flushed and veined lilac- oe t blade
dull wine Sale fading paler near base, the crest yellow, with 2 laterals
on either side about 6 mm. long, crest-veins brown-purple; po the blade
IXIACEAE 349
shently paler than within, but overlain with sulphur, the crest and claw ydo:
en: petals dull wine-purple within, the margins pale creamy-orange towards
: SD ; ;
exserted: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.
61. I. fuscisanguinea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, rigid and strict:
sepals spreading, within, the claw so heavily flushed with purple-brown as to
obseure its color, but the midrib eet id the wings pale orange-
margined, the blade a rich Sample -red, becoming brown around e. the crest
le , with one or two sho rt laterals sometimes irregularly and i
perfectly formed, but always surround ense m brown-purple
veinings; without, dull red-purple, overlain ap ee n crest-zone and elaw,.
the cla urple-brown spotted: petals pink, faintly flushed lilac-blue,. the
channel region flushed r red-purple near middle, below. brown-purple flushed, the
wings pale-orange near base; without, sea old- “rose, median band pale, silvery-
ch : style- PAT light orange- the wings old-rose near
argined, becoming all cream belo a appen ndages smoky heather- red, finely
shallow: (odd. flushed oid at base beneath: anther-tips exserted: capsule
een.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—
62. I. albilinea eor Flower- ee erect, strict: sepals recurved-spread-
ing, within, the claw greenish-cream eined. yellow-green, the blade light
cept the apical portion heavily
em
MEE. the claw creamy white the upper claw-channel brownish-lilac ;
: : ing
very pale yellow-green below, the lower two-thirds of the keel greenish-white,
th x whitish, flushed near the appendages with red-violet: appendages
widely divergent, ‘light red-violet, lacerate- toothed.. flushed lavender beneath:
anther-tips included: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr.
a I. auralata iine Flower-stalk erect, stout: sepals 9-10 cm. long, the
w pale orange-yellow, green-veined, the blade fully twice the cie of the
o without dull SAE violet, suffused towards base with wish-green,
within, dull, smoky red-violet with a darker central zone, flushed heavi ly with
dull orange on lower portion, the crest an Pd outlined radial zone of
light-yellow, spotted at ia edges with red-bro only the median extending
into the lower part of the blade properj iden ‘broadly spatulate, about 7 em.
long, without dull irap ne with a pale-green me n the upper half
dull red-lilac n a darker median, the fee half reddish d eot veined red-
ing yellow to wards base: style-branches red-violet, z
keeled, the win pes bright-yellow ; Dd ges broad, blunt, finely a and unevenly
toothed, bright-yellow at the base on the side next the wings, otherwise dull
red-violet streaked with aprieot: Gene not seen.—Swamps and bayous, S La.
—Spr.
64. I. phoenicis Small. Flower-stalk erect, strict and rigid: sepals re-
law pale creamy-yellow, veined pale-
alee -spreading, 8-9 cm. long, t pale
green, the veins pencill rown-purple, wings heavily flushed brown-lilac
n addition to these pencillings, the blade ees ot us T dade faintly veined
ow
nto the bas ei the bla de petals pues iuis,
the claw portion red-purple: style-branche posti the wings pale-m
gined; appendages light-violet: anther-tips luded: seen.—
Swamps, marshes, ditches, and go banks, S Ta
capsule not
350 IXIACEAE
a I. violilutea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect and strict: sepals 7.5-9.5
long, recurved-spreading, the claw whitish-green, veined yellow-green, the
blade of a dull-vi olet ground-color, the crest yellow or orange-yellow, with 1
well developed Ed nd 2 or 3 more a ones forming a a
triangular blotch: petals od a ap than the pu elaw
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branches _ gre eenish, faintly Rushed cull em nder on upper portion; appendages
pale reddish-lave nder, flushed greenish above and beneath, shallowly but finely
lacerate-toothed: anther- -tips inclu ded: E Oe long-ellipsoid, 6.5-8 em. long,
- 6-lobed.—Marshes and swamps, S La.
I. oolopha Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, strict: sepals recurved,
ee 8 cm. long, the aay yellow, veined yellow, the blade light smoky lilac or
pale; -violet, veined darker, the crest deep-yellow, a radial Rn tn oidal in
ft
outline, formed by the Lone - median ridge cleft by rly black vein,
a darkened Tod around the crest-apex: petals light bluish] lac or pale ae
ender-violet, the elaw-portion eeu ed pale aaa brown and flushed
yellow, the base yellow: style-branches red-lilac or light violet; appe ende
deeply toothed: anther- -tips included: capsule not seen.—Sw m. "marshes and
ditches, S La.—Spr.
67. I. pone ay Small Flower-stalk erect, slender, stiff: sepals spread-
ing, 8. T. que ng the elaw um -veined, ini ye ellow- -green, the blade smoky
salmon r-flushed dull-orange and prominently veined dark ros e-brown,
the pen nor Ens the median split cr to the base by a black- a vein,
the first lateral on each side split by a similar vein, the radial laterals all bright-
yellow, spotted brownish near their ati pe etals ight -salmon, flushed s pa
pink and veined brown-orange, the three medial s black-cri imson, the clay
orange-yellow, pencilled brown-orange: style- a dull- -salmon, flushed pin a
ish-orange; appendages shallowly lacerate-toothed: anther- -tips slightly ex-
serted: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr.
68. I. chrysaeola Small. P Levee stout, rigid, strict: sepals 8-10 em.
long, recurved-spreading or recurved, the claw suffused with o A a and
intly veined, the blade oval- ovate or a much longer than aw, the
eed violet ground-color suffused below the ae with flecks P tas of
yellow or greenish-yellow, veined brown, and with a yellow crest: petals broadly
spatulate, somewhat shorter than the sepals, n the lower parts of the claw
yellowish- Leon the blade often so omewhat ‘paler than the sepal-blade: style-
branches red-purple, the wings yellowish: appendages dull-violet, sharply
lacerate-toothed: anther-tips included: al ellipsoid-ovoid, 7-10 em. long,
bluntly 6-lobed.—Swamps, bayous, and ditches, S La.—Spr.
69. I. Pn ls ccr p Flower-stalk strict, rigid, stout: flowers slightly
fragrant: sepals 7.5-9 ong, recurved- -spreading, the elaw suffused with
greenish-yellow and More. the blade oval, much longer than the elaw,
dark violet-purple (plum-color), the erest- n orange-yellow surrounded by
a greenish-yellow crest-zone, which forms a radial ae h in the base: petals
broadly spatulate, slightly shorter than the sepals, claw mainly greenish-
yellow, flushed red-brown at the base of the bl ade, pe slightly paler than
the oe de and with a median brownish line: style-branches dull red-
purple, the keel and wings greenish; appendages dull red-violet, finely and
irregularly toothe d: anther-tips included: capsule ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid,
6-9 em. long, rather prominently 6-lobed.—Bayous and swamps, S La.—Spr.
70. " callilopha RR d Flower-stalk erect, stiff: sepals recurved, 9—
10 em. long, the clav v yellow, v veined ERN o the blade magenta-lilac
or pontificia} purple, prominently darker-veined, with a dark brown-violet
median band which splits the crest-median apically, the crest-median orange-
TEN
IXIACEAE 351
yellow, the entire crest zone a blotch of yellow, veined, flecked, and streaked
with brown-violet and itself well streaked into the lower third of the blade:
e same co S se er,
lower blade sides flushed yellow, the nearly wingless claw edi with orange
veins, the blade-channel pale orange-green: style-branches orange- purplish bus
wing-margins greenish-yellow; n d. 2 -rose-lilac, flushed dull bro
E anthers inclu ded: capsu seen.—Swamps, marshes, and die
S NU j
71. I. schizolopha Alexander. Flower-stalk’ ereet, stout, striet and rigid:
sepals spreading or recurved-spreading, within, the claw creamy-yellow, veined
olive-yellow above, olive-green below, the blade e ground- -eolor varying from light-
violet to light purplish-rose, but a great radial blotch of creamy yellow ex-
tends up from the claw and streaks in flecks, blotches, and streaks out a
to th gins, y obseuring the gro , and an
potted brown-violet, the crest yellow, split to the base of the blad by a black-
violet or brown-re orks just b the erest zone i t
parts, both of which continue separately to the margin; witho t, all yellow,
except t ade rgin: p 1arked like sepals: style-branches smoky-
colored, faintly flushed with rplish or pin wings p eenish-
nkish, the
yellow; appendages light-violet or light old-rose, lacerate- toothed: anther-tips
included: capsule not seen.—Ditches and bayou- banks, S La.—Spr.
72. I. Albispiritus Small. Flower- i ereet, rigid: flowers slightly el
i25 sepals 8.5-14 cm. long, more or less recurved, the claw suffused with
sed a
en, the blade longer than the claw, white: RS 2 mee greenish white ;
appendages white, deeply e eapsule Mr ndr 6—10.5 em. lo ong,
6-ribbed.— Low pinelands and savannahs, pen. Fla.—Early Spr. This species
is most common in the lower half of the "Florida peninsula.
73. l. savannarum Sm Flower-stalk strict, rigid, erect: sepals 8-4 em.
long, recurved- a rm claw suffused with green, the blade elliptic to
oval, of a violet-blue or violet ground-color, whitish or white-flecked at the
extendi up i
ase, the o the bla
nearly linear, often much shorter than the sepals, the claw suffused with green
or lavender, the blade longer than the claw, bluish or violet: sty e
with à greenish groun I eolor, but heavily flushe d and streaked I ua iolet, the
a rp Ds
m a ha
mocks, pen. Fla.—Early Spr.—Larger areas are exclusively occupied day this
prairie iris than by any of our other species. Colonies, in extent a the
eye can see, often occupy the low prairies where the soils are e usually oa.
acid. The plant is decidedly influenced by the bea cable following a dry
resti d j
appear. This species occurs in s AE este and pure white forms as
well as the the -violet.
74. I. Kimballiae ieee Flower-stalk erect, ido sepals 8.5—10 cm. long,
eeurved- oe ing, the claw suffused with gr “ee , the blade ovate or ure
e, p margins be-
the EE the elaw whitish or greenish and more or less suffused with red-
violet: the blade longer than the claw, ae mie. style- pint light pink-
352 IXIACEAE
ish-violet, becoming paler near the base, the i: whitish; aa bun
deeply lacerate- toothed near the apex: capsule ell ipsoid or oval, 5-9
bluntly 6-sided.—Swamps, often calcareous, coastal regions of the E
delta, N Fla.—Spr.
75. I. UNTE p= Flower-stalk erect, rigid: sepals 9-10 cm. long,
recurved, within, the claw greenish, the blade. longer than the claw, oval or
nearly so, pe ned. prr ally near the center, white near the edges, the
crest lemon, extending half way up the blade, accompanied by lateral veins
a : Wi
of yellowish-green which radiate out into the blade thout, greenish near the
base and ochroleucous pics 3; claw pale-green: petals spatulate, shorter
cree the sepals, the claw narrowly cuneate, yellowish-green,
wings white; appendages re sharply toothed, white: anther-tips included:
capsule not seen.—Lake margins, marshes, bayous, and ditches, S La.—Spr.
I. venulosa apnea Flower-stalk erect, strict and rigid: sepals
curved, within, the cream, veined yellow-green below, its wings ace
veined, flushed ade near blade, the blade orchid-color, m veined
darker, and heavily streaked and spotted with white on the lower two-thirds,
the crest bright Yeron, brown-purple tipped, E Dee veins of the blade with
a basal tip of bro wn-pur le at the crest zone; without, all overlain rich cream,
a claw Tight yellow-green towards the base: ey Javender-pink, the lower
argins cream-flushed, the claw-chan um brownish; without, the claw channel
silvery- yellow: sh as gen pale d the wings pale orange-cream, the
she
; da
er e m p? base pd. anther- frm exserted: capsule not seen. —Swam mps an
marshes, S La quu
77. I. giganticaerulea Small Flower-stalk erect, strict, stout: flower di
strongly ru scented: sepals 9.5—11.5 cm. long, recu urved- spreading, the clay
suffused with green, except the often white or greenish-ma , the blade Sl
to vaL iE r, of a blue or violet-blue ground-eolor, with ’ white veinings
ari
nearl uite to the m
about the yellow ae ee broadly spatulate, ae shorter than the
sepals, t the claw cuneate, white or greenish-white at the e, with violet-tinged
margins and violet- lines, uc blade blue-violet and uos e. Hus e-branches
dull light-violet, becoming greenish towards base, the wings pale or greenish
margined; appendages s ligh t pees deeply ed -toothed : eee ad
eapsule ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, ong, with 6 rounded ridges
Marshes, meadows, ditches, and SE 8 lan In abundance, within its range,
this species resembles I. savannarum of Florida. There are numerous color
forms; dark violet, violet-blue, blue-violet, lavender, lilac, and white as well as
variously streaked fo rms—the crest also varies from greenish white to deep
orange.
78. I. paludicola Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, rigid and rd — d
curved or recurved-spre eading, rarely horizontally spreading, 8—10 em. long, th
elaw greenish-white, veined yellow-green, the i Popi shades of Slolet,
usually light ncn veined darker age he und and near the crest zone,
an eyo do t-
t
lined with bla ae violet, 2—4 laterals of dull uos radiate upwards from the
m j i
ed ove
creamy white: sere mene dark red-violet, the wing-margin my bro
orange; appendages light-violet, lacerate- tooth a le enia included, aa
not seen.—Marshes, swamps, bayou-banks, and ditches, S La.—Spr.
IXIACEAE 353
79. I. Wherryana Small Flower- ~ erect, stiff, strict: sepals 9—10 e
long, the claw suffused with green, t e blade ov ate, light-violet, the a
orange-yellow, surrounded by a radial p of pale-yellow paling to whitish-
yello ende it merges with the blade-color, all prominently
veined red-violet: petals p much shorter than the sepals, the sh a
greenish at t se, suffused with light red-violet above, the blade pale-violet
ine h lave
pink; appendages flushed greenish beneath, sharply toothed: anther-tips in-
cluded: capsule not seen.—Swamps, marshes, and ditches, S La.—Spr.
80. I. citricristata Small. Flower-stalk erect, stiff, strict: os 8-10 cm.
long, recurved, the claw suffused with yellow- -green, "but pale on the edges, and
lined in the middle, the blade oval- kei slightly longer than the claw, of a
1
violet-blue ground-color, the erest lemon, surrounded by -lemon zone, with
m h ender flecks w re Hip with the lade-col petals
e -spatulate, much o than the sepals, the claw often yellow-green at
the y. base, whitish above and with red-violet lines, the blade violet-blue,
emos p suffusion of n pan rple Eu noun ng up from the claw: style-branches
violet, the wings pale-margined ; appendages violet, deeply and sharply lacerate-
j ed: | e = a E E o =
a.—Spr.—This species and I. giganticaerulea a wo most abundan
and widespread of the Louisiana group, often fò a pa fields of mede
solid growth. There are albinos of both species.
81. I. alticristata pi iiid stalk erect, strict and rigid: sepals re-
curved, within, the claw cream, veined greenish-yellow, the midrib rich-yellow
above middle, cream >e , the e wings ird flecked violet on upper half, the
bla de ee the crest a ery prom t, high ridge, rich-yellow, extend-
ing halfway down the blade, the T E n blotches and flecks of
light- yellow, each outlined with rel. the median term E P in a ridge
of deep-violet, the cre s -zone flecked all over with white; outside, the margin
violet, peice overlain greenish- ene the claw pale yellow-green, cream-
margi ined: petals Jark-violet, with a and of deep violet down channel, the
wings whitish-margined towards the claw, the claw- channel deep red-violet;
ial ma
u half
Ppt Skea the Pii yellow-green: M iyo dark, smoky purple
wings, keel, and body becoming white on lower portion; appendages dull
Sla volt, iue cee -toothed at apex, prs shallowly toothed otherwise,
flushed ereamy at base beneath: anther-tips equalling the stigmas: eapsule not
se pega ue and marshes, S La.—Spr.
82. I. aurilinea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, rigid and strict: sepals
sur ei. -spreading, within, the elaw apparently yellow, but so heavily oe
flushed, and spotted with brown- -rose, that the yellow i is on iy visible at base, the
midrib "yellow , the blade od around EE towards the margin, sao
great masses of brown spots are er ov er the crest zone upper claw; with-
out, dull brownish red-purple E su PUF on ree zone and claw: petals
light, smoky DRE the lower channel orange-brown streaked, the blade
eovered with pale-orange fushin ge style bee with a yellowish ground
color, heavil flush. scaled dull, brownish-rose with a heavy underflushing
T -
83. I. fluviatilis Sm Flower-stalk erect, striet and rigi id: sepals re-
eurved, within, the spe pale whitish-green, ' veined pm the blade
354 IXIACEAE
nearly rotund, frilly, violet, radially veined darker all around crest, the crest
median orange-yellow, three laterals at base of blade only making a broad
E :
wings white bec ma
red-violet, lacerate-toothed: anther-tips barely included: eae not seen.—
Ditches, bayou-banks, swamps, and marshes, S La.—Spr.
84. I. parvicaerulea Alexander. Flower-stalk erect, slender, rigid: hy-
panthium eovering the ovary 6-angled: sepals spreading, the blade and claw
of about equal length, within, the claw greenish-cream, yellow-green veined, its
wings cream, veined lilac-brown, the blade light blue-violet, the crest dull-
lemon, tipped purplish-brown, the crest-zone veined purpli sh-bro wn; without,
violet- flush
branehes light blue-violet above, becoming light red-violet below
white below; appendages light violet. blue. sharply toothed: anther- i Me
ineluded: capsule not seen.—Swamps and marshes, S La.—Spr.
L hexagona Walt. dn stalk rigid, erect, 8-12 dm. tall: flowers
slightly fragrant: hypanthium covering the ovary sharply 6-angled: sepals 8-11
curve eadin i
a
e rd vie than the sepals, the claw E d with green at the bas
e blade lined in the middle at the base and with whitish edges, deep-violet
s e: pes e ane Te green below, becoming gradually flushed lavender and
then light-violet towards the apex, the wings and keel greenish; appendages
1 pe ovoid or oval-ovoid,
Swamps, ditches, and stream-beds, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to S. C.—Late spr.—
early sum.—-A form is known in Florida with the sepal-crest ab E The
firmness of = ve green foliage extends to the flower A pure white
albino is kno
86. I. alabamensis Small. Flower-stalk ar Tp ei ed zigzag: sepal
Spreading or recurved- in e about 9 em. v pale yellow sped
veined olive, the veins of the wings pencilled. with dul pU the:-midrib
e Z roun e crest e
portion of blade red-violet at center, boron da red-li ae, the vein s also red-
s on down into the claw, elaw-wings pinkish-lavender, flushed violet, becom-
ing pale- ER. towards base: style-branches dull red-violet, the keel slightly
p the wings white; appendages light violet, pos e-to othed: capsule not
een.—Swamps, ditches, and marshes, W central Ala. —Spr.
A I. rivularis Sm Flowers-stalks 2.5-6 oar tall, P sometimes slightly
igzag: flowers slighty fragrant: sepals 6.5-8 em. long, arching, spreading, or
— -spreading, the claw suffused with a he blade oval, ee blue, ex-
cept the greenish blotch at the base, the E en crest, and the accompanying
white flecks: petals spatulate, much shorter than the sepals, the claw greenish
at the base, the blade longer than the claw, violet-blue: capsule oval, varying
to somewhat ovoid or obovoid, 3.5—7 cm. long — Streams and swamps, Coastal
Plain, N E Fla. and S E Ga. — Spr.
IXIACEAE 355
88. I. foliosa Mackenzie & Bush. Flower-stalk o 3-5 dm. long, zig-
zag, the internodes rather unequal, some of them ver rt: flowers two to-
gether in the terminal involucre and usually single in ie several greatly elon-
gate lateral e Ru T hypanthium covering the ovary promi-
nently 6-angled: sepals 8-1 ong, spreading, the claw suffused with
lowish- -green, the blade edge mai nly of a clear-violet or deep-blue RAN
color, with white flecks at the base on either side of a yellowish blotch and the
yellow crest: petals iy eae slightly shorter than the sepals, the claw suf-
fused and lined with green, the blade longer than the claw, slightly paler than
the sepal-blade and more or ai whitish or green-tinged at the base: capsule
ovoid or ellipsoid. ovoid, 3-5 em. long, each lobe with 2 lateral sharp ridges,
pw 6- rds ed.—Open woods aun E — al Plain and adj. provinces,
—Spr
. to ; Ohio, and Ky.—5pr. e es Ea ue and the flower-
dum usually ‘Ties on ie ground among res them he deep-green,
flaccid leaves and the Zag flower-stalk are in striking contrast to those parts
of the next- follow! ing P with which it has sometimes been confused.
89. I. brevipes Small Flower-stalk subereet, 1—1.5 dm. long, very zigzag,
often flowering from the very ne se, the inte rnodes short, flowers two together
in the terminal oe and u ually one in the two to four lateral involucres:
hypanthium covering the ovary sharply 6-an ngled: sepals spreading, 7-8 em.
long, the claw seta eream, its midrib yellow-green, its wi ngs flushed rosy-
lavender and veined sm moky lilac, the blade ovate, with a truncate base, violet
or rtr scarcely veine ed 2 darker around se the erest yellow, the
the ds als li
in ight
viole t-blue, T ming paler cone rds the base, scarcely clawed: style-branches
red-violet ; es heey or blue-violet, ‘shallowly toothed, nearly lanceo-
late: capsule o m. long, each lobe with 2 lateral sharp ridges 2m
capsule hence "i -an glod- vam ps, marshes, ditches, and stream ban
Spr.—This iris is the lowest growing and most ne arly blue- PARU A
among the gulf states irises yet discovered.
90. I. mississippiensis Alexander. — stalk nearly erect, 1-2 dm. long,
very zigzag, flowering from near the base, but usually hn f basal s like
braet below the pi QE the internodes short, flowers 2 together in the
terminal involucre and usual 1 in the two to four eae o hy-
panthium covering the e sharply 6-angled: sepals recurved recurved-
spreading, 6-7 em. long, the claw white, the veins Boch ole the blade
lavender to lavender-violet eee in albinos), | pees ular to orbicular-ovate,
its base tapering, the crest yellow, often mall lateral s of yellow,
but all surrounded by a radial zone of. n pretend que pale v violet,
extending well out nearly to the middle of the blade: Et lavender or
d
pr.—T ery f
concealed by the p jos Its range is pop iis cud it may possibly ex-
tend as far east as Ala. A pure white form is kno
91. I. prismatica Pursh. Flower-stalk erect, 3-6 dm. tall: flowers pies.
usually 5 pairs in the terminal involucre: hypan nthium covering the ovary
sharply 3-angled: sepals mainly of a blue ground-eolor, 3.5-5 cm. inne. re-
eurved-spreading, the claw more or less suffused with yellowish-green and
j j e b
ed h blue m shor a
the sepals, the claw ide the blade blue: capsule erect, narrowly prismatie-
eylindrie, 3—5 em. lon ng» angled, shortly pen ed at the apex. [I. virginica
Pursh, no ce Mar swamps, and ditches, often in acid soils, Coastal
Plain and de e Piedmont and Blue Ridge, Ga. to N. 8.—Spr.—sum.—As
356 IXTACEAE
indicated ae its aon steals and its capsule this iris falls in a group of its own
within our range.
I. versicolor L. Flower-stalk erect, 3-6 dm. be often slightly zigzag:
ae p fragrant: hypanthium gno ing the ovary obtusely 3-angled:
sepals 4—6 cm. long, recurved- bids ading, the claw suffused with yellowish-green,
the blade A to suborbicular, of a violet or purple ground-color, except the
Ae p dace blotch at the ae e and surrounding whitish zone: petals very
uch shorter than the E with a short yellowish- io claw and a violet or
purple blade s Do cylindric, or ellipsoid in small specimens, mostly
3.5-5.5 em. long, somewhat i ided.—Marshes, swamps, undo and stream-
banks, var ious dem en Ga. to Miss., Man., Ónt. and Newf.— — Spr —sum.—-Ap-
parently the most widespre a of our species, the an northern plant usually
referred here, however, may represent a distinct species
93. I. Shrevei Small. Flower-stalk erect, up to 1 m. tall, ns pone
fragrant: hypanthium covering the ovary bluntly 3-angled: sepal em
long, ea -spreading, the claw suffused with greenish-yellow, the i oval
orbicular-oval, of a violet or purple ground-color, except the yellow-green
p S
) La., Okla. : :
color in the Mississippi Valley. E perianth indicates relationship to I. vir-
ginica, while its fruit resembles that of I. versicolor, although relatively much
longer. A form with rose-lilae o has been found in Autauga Co., Ala
94. I. virginica L. Flower-stalk 3-6 dm. tall, n bes Terak zigzag:
flowers slightly fragrant: hypanthium covering t ary bluntly 3-angled:
sepals 6-7.5 em. long, recurved-spreading, the i suffused with yellowish-
green or bronze, the blade obovate to elliptic or oval, mainly of a light-violet
nde wW -
to lavender or whitish ground-color, wit w or orange-yellow blotch at
the base: petals spatulate, somewhat shorter than the sepals, with a yellowish-
green or bronze cla an obovate blade with the ground-color of the sepal
lade: capsule ellipsoid to ovoid-ellips 4—7 c ng, somewhat 3-angled
[I. carolina R arolini S. I. georgiana Britton |—Swamps,
marshes, meadows, and river-shores, Coastal Plain a provinees,
to Tex., and Del.—Spr.—This species has recently been considered to represent
the Linnaean 7I. virginica, but specimens growing at Glou pid Va., where the
original specimens of I. virginica may have been collected, seem to represent
I. versicolor. This species replaces I. versicolor, in the eae ds Coastal
Plain, and is the most widely distributed iris there. The capsule resembles that
of the Old World I. Pseudacorus when it does dehisce, in ne recurving valves
with shiny ud coat. ‘There is greater variation in color n I. carolina than
in any of our species. The perianth shows shades varying reta dark-violet to
pale- pinkish, ona a pure white albino has been found in Florida.
- I. tripetala Walt. Flower-stalk 2-4 dm. tall, rigid, rp, often slightly
zag: agi usually qoe in the terminal involuere an additional one
SO ee De n the axil of the narrow red fragrant: hypan m surrounding
the Moin bluntly 3. angled: Rd als 6-9 em. long, recurved-spreading or droop-
ing, the elaw margined with violet and pun in the middle, the blade subor-
bieular or oval, with a violet ground-color, or white, except the yellow bloteh
at the base: petals involute, much shorter than the claw of the sepal, acute
vi ov .0-9.5 em.
—Like I.
by itself in our range. It, too, is slender throughout, and the cord-like ro
stocks are peculiar. The plants from the gulf coast have larger flowers and
HAEMODORACEAE 357
longer style-appendages than those from the Atlantic coastal region. A pure
white albino has been found
96. I. Pseudacorus L. Flower-stalk 6-10 dm. tall but sometimes rather
weak, and slightly decumbent: flowers slightly fragrant: hypanthium covering
the ovary bluntly 3-angled: sepals 5-7.5 em. long, arching, orbicular-obovate in
outline, the claw with a yellow gro ee color streaked and flecked with brown,
lade suborbicular hadi oval, or broadly ovate, with the yellow ground-
y d sometime
wi a b
exaggerated into a blotch: petals somewhat pandurate, 1.5-2.5 em. long, yel-
low: capsule cylindric-prismatic, or somewhat ellipsoid, 5-8.5 cm. long, bluntly
3-angled, the 3 valves spreading or recurved-spreading at maturity.—Stream-
n w Ga. C
an. Nat. oft World.—Spr.
The yellow flowers of this immigrant are a welcome addition to our iris flora.
he color varies from clear canary yellow to deep con -eolor, but always with
the irregular brown-black outline to the crest regio
7. HERBERTIA Sweet. Scapose herbs with deep-seated bulbs. Leaves
with sheathing bases and plicate narrow blades. Scape erect, more or less
sheathed by the leaf-bases. Hypanthium-tube very short or wanting. Flower
erect. Sepals 3, spreading, crestless. Petals very much smaller than the sepals,
spreading. rene ers narrow, lying pq the style-branches, curling in at
anthesis. Style-branches spreading, with 2 subulate branches which are
toothed at the apex. Capsule erect, thin. walle
1. H. caerulea Herb. Bulb ovoid, brown-coated: leaves 1-3 dm. tall; blades
narrowly linear: seape slender, usually simple, 1-3 dm. tall: bs "usually
l- or t d:
2-flowered : 2r long-stalke
pal ddr obova - : ;
aeute, eae ic olet or poen
a nd outlining the white base
T violet spotted: petals 1-1.5 e
ong, acumiņate, pp part
ort-a t
o E the lower more or less chan-
sree black- violet and white spotted
ar the bas capsule erect, cylindric or
a enn ate, 2-3 em. long.—Prairies
and marshes, SORS tal Plain, S La. to
Tex.—Spr.
Two species of e have been
found growing as escapes in southern
Louisiana west of the Mississippi River. They may be expected east of the
river. The genus differs from other menue of the iris family in the one-
sided inflorescence and the curved and oblique perianth. G. segetum Ker-
awl, native o e Mediterranean region has a rose-magenta perianth; the
sepals and petals are clawed, the three upper blades ack have a median whitish
e h
-erimson. G. hortulanus Bailey, native of southern Africa, has a scarlet to
vermilion perianth; the sepals have a red-brown median line and minute brown-
minute specks and are often minutely pointed, the three lower blades of the
perianth are yellow on the basal two-thirds and only searlet-bordered.
358 HAEMODORACEAE
Famity 4. HAEMODORACEAE — BrLoopwonT FAMILY
erennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, often mainly basal:
blades narrow. Flowers perfect, in terminal cluster rs. lyx of 3 sepals.
Ovary wholly inferior: stamens 3: style deciduous. EE
Ovary half-inferior : stamens 6: style persistent. HIOLA.
. GYROTHECA Salisb. Herbs with colored rootstocks. Leaves equitant.
Flowers in a terminal cymose corymb.
Perianth pubescent without, yellow within.
Capsule erowned by the peristent peri-
th. [Lachnanthes Ell.]—One species.
1. G. tinctoria ler rw Root-
stock elongate. Stem dm. tall,
c
stem, the HR radually reduced:
il eapsule 5-6 mm.
in We ee ROOT. E
DyYE-ROOT.)—Bogs and wet pinelands,
often RA Coastal Plain end New Eng-
land Coast, Fla. to and Mass.—
as r.—fall. Taa Lophiola
aurea, but coarser and more weedy, and the pubescence of the perianth is tawny.
2. LOPHIOLA Ker. Herbs with rootstocks and leafy stems. Basal
leaves equitant, upright. Flowers in a
j ow
p
although a somewhat divergent form oc-
eurs further northward.
1. L. aurea Ker. Stem 5-8 dm. tall,
woolly above: leaf-blades linear, shorter
than the stem: perianth yellow, pubes-
cent without; lobes linear- lanceolate, 4—
5 ong: capsule-body about 2 mm.
mm.
long, long-bea aked.— (GOLD-CREST.) —Moist :
pi E e and acid Di. Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.; also N. J.—
Spr.— —The golden perianths showing through Scans. white w ool, form
a aie inflorescence.
ORDER 11. SCITAMINALES
Large, commonly perennial, herbs with rootstocks or tubers. Leaves
alternate, sometimes all basal: blades relatively large, sometimes very large:
petioles sheathing at the base. Flowers very irregular. Perianth white or
MUSCACEAE 359
bright-eolored. Androecium very irregular. Gynoecium compound.
Ovary inferior. Fruit a capsule, a utricle, or a berry. Endosperm present.
Polleniferous stamens 5 or 6 in each flower. Fam. 1. MUSACEAE.
rcs stamens 1 in each flower.
Ovary 3- celled, all 3 carpels fructiferous: ovules nu-
er 1s Re each cavity of the ovary: fruit cap-
sular: embryo straig
Sepals distinct: anthers 1-celled. Fam. 2. CANNACEAE
Sepals partially united: a anthers 2-celled Fam. 3. ADDICT
ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary: fruit
utricular : embryo hooked. Fam. 4. MARANTACEAE.
Faminy d. MUSACEBAE — Banana FAMILY
Caulescent, usually large herbs, or trees. Leaves spiral or distichous:
blades usually ve ry large. Flowers perfect or somewhat monoecious. In-
into a spathe-like organ. Corolla of 3 distinct petals, or of partially
united petals, sometimes partially adnate to the calyx. Androecium of
or 6 polleniferous stamens. Gynoecium of 3 ded lc Fruit
baccate or capsular.—Six genera and 70 species of warm regions
A L. Tree-like herbs, the stems sheathed with the thick leaf-bases.
Leaves with large prominently feather-veined blades. Inflorescence drooping,
with large bracts. Perianth white or pink. Petals BOTE than the sepals, 2
of them partly adnate to the calyx-tube, the other free, and often snort, with
90 :
World. There are numerous cultivated varieties.—BANANA.—The fruits of
several species are foods and fiber is also obtained from some species.
Mi long-petioled: free petals over 14 as long as the
1. M. sapientum.
Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so: free ae less than % as long
e calys 2. M. Cavendish.
Plant 6—10 m, tall:
er blades broadly elliptic, 1.5-2.
long, rounded ordate at the base:
panicle oon 15- 2 m. long: bracts
purplish: calyx about 4 cm. long, the
apical appendages minute or obsolete:
berry long-elliptie, 8-15 cm. long,
SRN e the pulp sweet.— (Com MON-
BA —Hammocks, S pen. Fla. and
S La. “Nat of E. I, and cult. —All seed
2. M. Cavendishii Lamb. Plant mostly
1-2.5 m Te ten blades bius d es
mostly abou . long: calyx 3-3.5 e
ens the de En ages minu uio: tip of the
V al nearly erect: berry mostly 10—
ong, yellowish, the "um sweet.—(DWARF-BANANA.)—Hammocks and
Dun grounds, S pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of China, and eult —All year.
Famy 2. CANNACEAE — Cana Fanny
Caulescent herbs. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 3 erect sepals. Corolla
of 3 partially united petals.: Androecium more or less adnate to the
360 ALPINIACEAE
eorolla: one filament anther-bearing, the others petaloid. Ovary 3- Bands
the placentae parietal. Style petaloid, the stigma marginal. One
1. CANNA L. Large or tall herbs, with relatively large leaves. Flowers
mostly showy, borne in terminal thyrsoid panieles. Perianth variously colored.
ut 40 species, mostly American.—INDIAN-SHOTS.—Some species and many
hybrids are widely cultivated.
Perianth yellow: sepals 2.5-3 cm. long: perianth- -tube much longer
than the sepals: lip much dilated. 1. C. flaccida.
Perianth red: sepals 1-1.5 cm. long: perianth-tube shorter than the
sepals: lip linear-spatula c 2. C. indica.
1. C. flaccida Salisb. Leaf-blades 2. n 5 dm. E flowers id showy:
perianth mainly yellow: sepals 2.5— VAL :
m.
em. long: eorolla-lobes 5-6.5 cm one.
about as long as the tube: staminodia
dilated, uu ane e capsule 4-6 cm
long.—1 GOLDEN-CANNA. Plu OF THE
EVERGLADES.) — Swamps and marshes.
Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—Spr.—fall.
2. C. indica L. Leaf-blades 2-4 dm.
long: flowers not showy: perianth main inly
: the
anth-tube: corolla-lobes 3-3.5 em. long,
mueh longer than the tube: p paid: : >
linear or narrowly spatulate, flat: cap- Ly D ui
sule 2.5-3.5 cm. long.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of E. I.,
and cult.—Sum.—fall.
FawiLvy 3. .ALPINIACEAE — GINGER FAMIL
aulescent, sometimes large, herbs mostly wi ith ho nd rootstocks.
Flowers mostly perfect, borne in spike-like, sometimes cone-like, thyrsoid,
ie
r op ;
like. Corolla of 3 petals partially united into a tube. Fruit aaa
About 25 genera and 200 species, mostly of tropical distribution
1. LANGUAS Koen. Herbs with horizontal rootstocks and erect stems.
Leaves erect. Panicle thyrsoid, terminating a leafy stem, with often HODEICRUE
Petals 3, t
About 40 species of the warm regions of
the Old World.
zl L. SM (Wendl) Small. Plan
tall, the stem sheathed: eri
s “ip to elliptic-lanceolate, 1. 5—4
dm flower-stalks roopi ng from
8-23 mm. long: coroll
Hammocks, S pen. Fla” Nat. of E. la and cult.—(W. I.)—All —A very
vigorous gar rden plant. Aggressive when established. It pees y its relative
the true ginger plant in habit
MARANTACEAE 361
Hedychium coronatum Koenig, GINGER-LILY or BUTTERFLY-LILY, native of the
East Indies, is a tall evergreen herb with large lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate
leaf-blades, clavate ae ene and large white flowers, the lateral stami-
nodia petal-like, thus di ffering from Languas, has become naturalized in
marshes in eastern Ga. and along the Mississippi River below New Orleans, La.
Faminy 4. MARANTACEAE — Arrowroot FAMILY
capose or caulescent herbs. Flowers perfect or sometimes polyga-
a
mous. Cal tinct or partially united sepals. Corolla of 3 distinct
or partially united petals. ium partially adnate to the corolla: one
lament anther-bearing, the others petaloi ary 1-3-eelled. Style
thick, the stigma 2-lipped. Fruit utricular, 'smooth.—A bout t 12 genera
and 160 species, mostly tropical.
Petals partially united : lateral staminodia 2. 1. MARANTA.
Petals distinct or ne arly so: lateral staminodium 1. 2. THALIA.
1. MARANTA L. Relatively éd caulescent herbs, not white-powdery.
ils solitary or few in pan
of narrow sepals. Coro ae
ae. Perianth and androecium
mainly white.—About 15 species, all of
tropical America
1. M. arundinacea L. Ste
tall, from scaly rootstocks: p blades
lanceolate Mese M 8—25 cm
lo | 10 :
white, Shoat 2 em. lon ie Bo sur-
passing the c orolla: fruit about 1 cm.
and cult.—(W.I.)—AIl year. — The tu überous rootstocks are the source of true
arrowroot starch, although this term is often applied also to zamia star
. THALIA L. iaaa stout scapose herbs, white-powdery, at least
above. Flowers rather numerous, in panicles. Calyx minute. Corolla-tube
wanting or obsolete. Bord and androecium mainly purple, blue, or violet.—
About 7 species, all American.—Spr fall.
Flowers aie crowded on the rachis: clusters of bracts and bractlets ovoid: utricle
subglobos i. T. dealbata.
Flowers separated on the rachis: clusters of bracts and bractlets
narrowly conie: utricle oval. . T. geniculata.
dealbata Rose . Plant 1-2
E “Tea f-blades ae ovate- elliptic, o or
elliptic- -lanceolate, 2-5 ‘dm . long, acute or
(Pown IA.)—Ponds and swamps,
Coastal Plain, F Fla. to Tex., Mo., and S. C.
362 BURMANNIACEAE
2. T. geniculata L. Plant 2-3.5 m. tall: leaf-blades pip id hn Nec
lanceolate, 2.5-8 dm. long, acuminate at the apex, rounded o the
base: panicle Rond and loosely branched, the internodes s (T mm.),
slender: spi nodding or spreading: bracts pesce t the apex, s larger
ones 2-2.5 c nl ong: ge purple: ce 8-9 mm. long: larger staminodium
about Ps em. Tong: s icle oval, 6-7 mm. in diameter. [T. divaricata "led
—(LILIzs.)—Pools, po TA net swamps, and r river-shores , Fla.
T “largest loved ‘native herb. In colonies usually conspicuous, prod no mee
ve. The scapes, irregularly branched, stand at various angles 2j
Rin s leaf- blades are usually weather-worn
ORDER 12. ORCHIDALES — ORCHIDAL ORDER
Terrestrial, aquatic or epiphytie herbs. Leaves usually fleshy, some-
times seale-like. Flowers mostly perfect and complete, very irregular, ex-
cept in BURMANNIACEAE. Calyx of 3 sepals. Corolla of 3 petals. Gynoe-
cium compound. Ovary inferior. Seeds numerous. Endosperm wanting.
Flowers regular : stamens and pistil distinct. Fam. 1. BURMANNIACEAE.
Flowers irregular : stamens and pistil united into a column. Fam. 2. ORCHIDACEAE.
Famity 1. BURMANNIACEAE — BURMANNIA FAMILY
Slight or relatively small herbs. Leaves mainly basal, those on the
stem scale-like. Flowers regular. Sepals and petals partially united.
Androecium of 3 to 6 stamens: filaments adnate to the perianth-tube.
Gynoecium 3-carpellary. Fruit capsular, sometimes angled or winged.—
en genera and about 60 species, mostly in the tropics
Hypanthium 3-angled or 3-winged: ovary 3-celled: capsule 3- vere from the apex
or irregularly rupturing. . BURMANNIA.
E terete: ovary 1-celled: capsule 3-valved from the
bas 2. APTERIA.
1. BURMANNIA L. Annual herbs. Flowers spreading or erect, short-
ae white or blue. Filaments unappendaged; connective prolonged be-
ond anther-saes.— Twenty species, in the tropics of the Old World and the
New.—Spr fall, or all year S.
Flowers 1-few, usually 2, in a terminal raceme: hypanthium broadly
3-winged. 1. B. biflora.
Flowers several in a terminal cluster: hypanthium 3-angled. - 2. B. capitata.
biflorà L. Stem 5-15 em. tall:
leaf- seales ai mm. long: flowers soli-
tary the top of the stem or 2-few
io moe corolla- Ds narrow: capsule
4-5 m ong.—Low pinelands, often. in
acid peat, mem Plain, Fla. to La.
and Va.
2. B. capitata (Walt.) Mart. mus 5-
20 cm. tall: ess ales 1-5
flowers several many in - p
cluster: corolla- lobes obsolet capsule
2-3 mm. long.—Low pin fede Coastal
Plain, Fla, to La. and N. C—(W. I.,
S.A. )
ORCHIDACEAE 363
2. APTERIA Nutt. Perennial herbs. Flowers nodding, long-pedicelled,
white or purple. Filaments with wing-
like appendages: connective not pro-
onge eyond the anther-sacs.—Three
species, the ind pur two in tropi-
cal Ameri
1. A. aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart. Stem
Fla. to La. and Ga
Famity 2. ORCHIDACEAE — Orcuip FAMILY
Perennial herbs, e pn ear with tiberous or fibrous roots,
ems or
01
ally al ; tals
of 2 kinds, e 2 lel (“petals” y similar, and the middle one (“lip”)
usually very iffer rom the other petals, sometimes prolonged below
into a spur, often er by ‘the torsion of the e pedicel or ovary. Androe-
cium irregular, of one or more stamens, adnate to the style, forming an
asymmetrical column. Anther 1, or rarely 2 anthers, a 2-celled, con-
taining 2-8 waxy or powdery pollinia; these pollen-masses usually stalked,
united by elastic threads and often attached at the base to a viscid gland.
Gynoeeium of 3 united carpels. vary inferior, l-celled, often twisted.
Style commonly terminating in a beak at the base of the anther, or between
its sacs. Stigma a viscid surface facing the lip beneath the beak or between
the anther-saes. Fruit a 3-valved capsule. Seeds numerous, very small.—
About 450 genera and over 5,000 species of wide geographie distribution,
but most abundant in the tropies, where many species are epiphytes.
Polleniferous anthers 2, borne laterally on the column: lip a large inflated sac or
pouch, without an apical blade—DIAN E. Tribe . CYPRIPEDIEAE.
Polleniferous anther solitary: lip simple or complex, if
saecate bearing an apical blade, or if merely sac-
cate and bladeless, then forming the upper mem
—MONANDRAE.
Anther attached by a broad base, not only per-
sistent, but inarticulate and immobile : pollinia
narrowed into tails which. emerge from the base.
of the uem EE of the poche lip developed
into a spu a:'sac at the bas Tribe II. ORCHIDEAE.
Anther terminating the column or posterior, often
affixed by a slender filament, often deciduous
or coming away with the pollinia, or rarely
remi ved 2 a DOOTI lip rarely pro-
duc nto a spu
Pollinia readily disintegrating, granular, mealy,
when in masses neither hard nor
: | . Tribe III. NEOTTIEAE.
Pollinia waxy, aggregated in masses in which the
pollen grains cohere.
364 ORCHIDACEAE
Flower-stem terminating a.corm, a cluster of
rootstocks, or SE from a pseudobulb
or a short rootstoc Tribe IV. EPIDENDREAE.
Flower-stem lateral on a leafy stem or pseudo-
2 m an abbreviated leafless
stem.
Leafy Bees main stem composed of an-
members of which each one
et nates the year's growth.
M pliable, not coriaceous, convo-
Trib V. BLET
E e rigid, coriaceous, conduplicate. Tribe VI. NC
Leafless plants with green roots: main
stem growing on year after year, not
produced into distinet annual mem-
bers, thus of unlimited growth. Tribe VII. POLYRRHIZEAE.
CYPRIPEDIEAE
Caulescent plants: foliaceous ievos several: lip with
|. rounded d ng: sterile stamen glabrous: stigma broad:
est at the 1. CYPRIPEDIUM.
Scapose nie: : "oli iaceous leaves 2, basal: lip with a fis-
sure down the front : sterile stamen glardular-pubescent :
stigma broadest at the apex 2. FISSIPES.
II. ORCHIDEAE
Stigma flat, without appendages
Glands of the jun enclosed in a pouch. 3. GALEORCHIS.
Glands of the sti naked, or merely surrounded by
the A of the anther.
Glands covered Dy E. thin membrane, which is de-
ciduous with 4. COELOGLOSSUM.
Glands Ri a nens ran
v i: ELS the anther Bot enclosing the glands
Lip entire or shallowly lobed. 5. LYSIAS.
Lip incised or fringed. 6. BLEPHARIGLOTTIS.
o 2 the anther oe the glands below
infolding of the mar gin T. PERULARIA.
Stigma with well- developed appenda
Base of the anther with long slender appendages.
ae with
ith three 2 lobes : stigma erect. 8. HABENARIA.
entire or nearly so: stigma dd .9. HABENELLA
Base of ‘the anther without appendag 10. GYMNADENIOPSIS.
III. NEOTTIEAE
Stem climbing: elongate vin 11. VANILLA.
Stem not climbing: terr cstrial or epiphytic herbs.
Anther me the column
Lea or bra cts, enale, sometimes represented |
‘by n scales, or if more than 2, whorled |
sotria
Anther loosely attached, thus mobile.
Pollinia mealy, the grains not connected by
elastic threads
Plant caulescent : braets, and leaves, |
alternate. |
Lip recurved, the edges of the dilated |
upper part Ja-inisi c ec unas the
i with a tufted crest: anther
hollowed on the back. 12. PoGONIA.
Lip straight, the lobes erose, the face
long median one: anther flat on the
back. 13. CLEISTES.
Plant scapose : bracts whorled at the top
of the scape. 14. ISOTRIA.
Pollinia attached by br threads.
Flowers several n the middle lobe
ilated upwar pn 15. LIMODORUM.
Flower solitary : lip with the middle lobe
„TO unded, pendent. 16. ARETHUSA.
An mmobile, uc erect. 17. TRIPHORA.
Leaf-like Heg opposit 18. OPHRYS
ORCHIDACEAE
Anther posterior, borne on the back of the column.
Inflorescence simple, the rachis not branched.
ip posterior, forming the upper member of the
eria h.
Lip Borne Fus the base of the column or be-
Editora donas oiu. at the e and ad-
Lip bo rne above the base of the column.
Lip ene the lower member of the
per
Flower-stem arising from a fleshy root or
cluster of fleshy roots: rootstock ane
ing or not obvious.
" SON foot short or obsolete: lateral
s als borne obliquely on the hy-
pandhium: scarcely, if at all, decur-
rent.
Anther acute, not lobed: lip with basal
callosities.
nen zd eleft: lip free from the
stigma. RR lip adnate to the
Anther notched at the apex, thus 2-
: lip without callosities.
Column- feet elongate: lateral sepals de-
urrent on the hypanthium
Lateral sepals forming a pom like
spur at the base of the hypanthium.
Flower-stem arising from elongate horizontal
rootstocks.
Foliaceous leaves alternate on the flower-
diat lip spurless, or with only a short
which is surrounded by the lateral
pals
Foliaceous leaves clustered at the base of
n. Eg stem: lip with an extended
r or sae between the SP sepals.
lndorescenés. canon: the rachis bran
V. pir
I
Foliage leaves, when developed, Pune n
D “appendages, Soie ally in young plants
a 2 ria and Aplectrum: some leaves foli-
Foliage m always present at E time.
Column short: lip 3-lobed at the apex
Co elongate: lip dilated at the apex.
Foliage prone absent A. flowering time, or some-
times represented by mere withered a
Lip prolonged posteriorly into an eľongate slen-
der spur.
Lip not prolonged into a slender spur.
Roots or a coralloid.
E Bor : ith a crest of about 5 longitudinal
Pollini a de lip with a callus on each side of the
rib near ue base
Foliage joi vos coriaceous or firm-fleshy, always present on
the flower-stems.
Column without a foot, or with a very T one: lat-
eral sepals various, but not T? ngular
Pollinia 2-4 : evergreen epiphyte
Petals searcely half as lene as the sepals.
Petals nearly or quite as long as the sepals,
19. PRESCOTTIA.
20. CRANICHIS.
21. PONTHIEVA.
22. IBIDIUM.
25.
26.
36.
. CYCLOPOGON,
. MESADENUS.
STENORRHYNCHUS.
PELEXIA.
PERAMIUM.
PHYSURUS.
. TROPIDIA
. MALAXIS.
. LIPARIS
. TIPULARIA.
. APLECTRUM.
. HEXALECTRIS.
. CORALLORRHIZA.
PLEUROTHALLIS.
366 ORCHIDACEAE
Lip partly adnate to the column.
Column wholly adnate to the D plants
without true psudobulbs at the base
spathe-like or scale-like bracts borne
along a rachis SUE the leafy
stems and branc
Lip and column with elongate, often
slender, adnate bases: flowers in an
doluan partly adnate to the lip: plants
with Pon at the c x the
naked or scaly flowering s
Lip Ene "Shallowly or decus SO,
tudinally crested or appen-
1
deeply 3-lobed, with a dilated
middle lobe and long nerrow
lateral lobes: pseudobulbs te-
rete: flowering stem no ub-
petals elongate, picem
p free from the colum
Pollinia i5. terrestrial her
Column with a SANE foot: lateral sepals triangular,
forming a chin
E: BLETIEAE
"ap e UE the column or wing to it, without a
Lip pe. culated to the foot of the column, or forming with
it a spur: pollinia or 4, without caudiculae but
with short stipes.
Lip contracted into a claw: foot of the column slender:
plants epiphytic
Lip sessile, the base truncate or cuneate: foot of the
column dilated or abruptly iod at the base:
Blan ais ies restrial.
a crestiess, deeply 3-lobed, the lateral lobes widely
eadin foot of the e eoneave and
grooved, not dilated, the mcm hie
‘Lip with a crest of nipple-like papillae, 'shallowl y
a lobed : m m e column flat, thin and dilated,
he margin
VI. ONCIDEAE
Pseudobulbs 1-leaved.
Mie at least 3-leaved.
D neither Ya- winged nor 2-auricled near or
E the summit.
Sepals Bind petals not DE tipped.
Sepals and petals eau
Column 2-winged or 2- cd at or near the summit.
VII. POLXRRHIZEAE
Polinia stalked: lip saccate or short-spurred, the apex
Flowers in a lax raceme: lip sessile ex Pos base of the
column, with a globular spur: roo
Flo duas. in a stiff spike: d partially mats to the
mn, usually saccate at the base: roots coarse.
Pollinia sessile: lip e ed the apex or the middle
lobe again lobed.
on
Ol.
38.
39.
50.
on
x:
52.
SPATHIGER.
AMPHIGLOTTIS.
ENCYCLIA.
. EPICLADIUM.
. ANACHEILIUM.
. HORMIDIUM.
. POLYSTACHYA.
. BLETIA.
. CYRTOPODIUM.
. TRIORCHOS.
PLATYPUS. |
. MACRADENIA.
IONOPSIS.
RASSIA.
ONCIDIUM.
. HARRISELLA.
. CAMPYLOCENTRUM.
. POLYRRHIZA.
ORCHIDACEAE 367
YPRIPEDIUM L. Caulescent herbs with fibrous roots. Leaves sev-
eral: nus plaited. Sepals 2. Lip a horizontally suspended sae, yellow or
white. Stamens appressed, the free tips directed forward.—About 20 species,
natives of north temperate ‘regions —Our plants prefer calcareous soils.—Spr.—
LADIES ’-SLIPPERS. MOCCASIN-FLOWERS.
Biene stamen with the stalk wholly adnate to the column, the blade rounded at the
bas oo -wings short and broad: lip longer than the sepals
an ge 1. C. reginae.
Sterile eH with the stalk pee adnate to the column, ves
e not oaned at the base: column-wings long and n
row : lip shorter than the K and petals.
Sterile stamen with a triangular-ovate blade, less than 1 cm.
long, Pra lip golden-y ellow : flowers fragran 2. C. parviflorum.
Sterile stamen with an oblong- s or Sut un coms blade
dune a acute: lip y : flowers not fragrant. 3. C. pubescens.
1. C. reginae Walt. Stem 3-6 dr tal z
to Va., and various provi i 1 Md.
Mo., Minn., Ont., and New
. C. parviflorum Salisb. Stem 3-5 dm
tall: leaf-blades elliptic to oval, 6- 12
em. long: s dd a us to oblong- -]an-
ceolate, 2.5—3.5 . long: petals longer S
and narrower Ta the sepals: lip 1.5-2.5 em. long: hd body 2-3.5 c
long.— (Go
(GOLDEN- ace] -Woods Eri shaded ie various provinces, Ga.
to Miss., Mo., Wash., B. C., Sask., Ont., an wf.
. C. e Willd. Stem 3-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong or elliptic, 9-15
em. long: sepals ovate- ni 2 oblong-ovate: petals linear or attenuate,
longer than the sepals: lip 3.5-5 em. long: capsule -body 3.5—4 em. long. [C.
hirsutum (Fl. SE. U. 8.) ]—( Onn a pens banks, and m
ets, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. t o M., B. C., Ont., and N
. FISSIPES Small. Acaulescent
herbs, with fibrous roots. Leaves mostly
2: blades plaited. Lip a drooping sac.
Stamens spreading, the free tips at dde
angles to the column.—One specie
E een ac l. Leaves 1l-
3 dm. lon blades w or
lint]
pink or rarely white, obovoid, 4-6 ¢
long: pa ule 3.5—4 em. long. [Cypr ie.
dium acaule Ait.|—(MOCCASIN-FLOWER.
ed SLIPPER. PINK LADY-SLIPPER.
VENUS’-SLIPPER.)—Acid sandy woods and bogs, various provinces, Ala. to
"'Tenn., Man., Ont., and Newf.—Spr.
368 ORCHIDACHAE
3. GALEORCHIS Rydb. Acaulescent fleshy herbs, with tuberous roots.
Flowers in & spike. Perianth ringent. id and petals converging. Lip
broad, spurred. Stigma hollow, the
glands enclosed in a pouch.—One species.
1. G. spectabilis (L.) Rydb.
sales aes oblong- alliptic, p
val, em. lo cape dm
ia i «ie spike e 3— 18- flo Sur and and
petals vi violet- ud. lip white, 10-13 m
long, LE s than the EIE c "n
biol (eu BU ORCHIS. d t
PURPLE-HOODED ORCHIS.)—Rich woods,
various provinces, rarely Coastal d
Ga. to Ark., Nebr., Minn, Ont, and
N. S.— Es
4. COBLOGLOSSUM Hartman. Caulescent herbs, with biennial 2-
"c sii the stem leafy. Flowers relatively small, i in & terminal spike.
Perianth green or greenish. Sepals and petals converging, the petals much
narrower fae n sepals. Lip narrow, |
2—3-lobed at the apex, the spur much
shorter than the lip. Anthers with nar-
TOW Misi = dE. ands surrounded by
a membrane.—Three species of north
Mesi regions.
1l. C. bracteatum (Willd.) Parl. Stem
2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong-ovate to
oblong- n d vds pesar i ate, 10—15
em. long: braets surpassing the flo Pus
sepals ovate to peus lanceolate, 5—6 m
long: petals boug linear or linear fili
form: lip na , 6-8 mm. long: B dde is
8-10 mm. TTN ' [Platanthera bract
Torr. ]— (SATYR-0RCHID.) —Meadows a seeds: Blue Ridge ae more northern
provinces, N. C. to Nebr., Wash. Alas., Ont., and N. B.—(0; W.)—Spr.
5. LYSIAS Salisb. pini: herbs, the stem scape-like, scaly. Flowers
in a spike or raceme. Perianth white or
greenish. Sepals EE relatively
broad, the lateral ones longer and nar-
rower than the median one. Petals much
als i
T a
like bases project forward—About 6 spe-
cies of the north temperate zone.
1. L. orbiculata (Pursh) Rydb. Stem
-9 dm. tall: basal leaves " flat on
the ground; blades orbicular to oval, 1—
3 long: sepals greenish-white, the
mon one suborbicular or reniform, 5-6 mm. long, the lateral ones ovate, 8—10
ORCHIDACEAE 369
m. long: petals reflexed, 7-8 mm. long: lip nearly linear, 12-15 mm. long,
about 1.5 em. long. [Platanthera
D-LEAF ORCHID.)— Woods, Blue Ridge
and more northern provinces, Ga. to Minn., Wash., Alas., Ont., and Newf.—Sum.
6. BLEPHARIGLOTTIS Raf. Caulescent herbs, the stem leafy. Flowers
a terminal spike. ee white, yellow, orange, purple, Or violet- -purple.
Sepals spreading or reflexe etals to or lacerate.
lobed, us lobes too edie or lacini ate. Spur
with a separated sacs, their narrow en like bases supported on the arms
of the stigma, projecting forward and upward. ands naked.—About 10
species, a North American.—Sum.—F RINGE-ORCHID
Petals fringed at the apex: lip not 3-lobed.
Lip m n T than 8 mm. long: petals slightly shorter
than 1. B.cristata.
Lip mostly aves 10 mm. long: petals about % as long as
ip.
Perianth white.
Lip with long fringe: spur about as long as the
ovary. 2. B. Blephariglottis.
Lip Dn IM fringe: spur about twice as long as
the 3. B. conspicua.
Perianth yellow or orang
Petals spatulate: EJ fringed all around. 4. B. ciliaris.
Petals oe with 2 basal tufts and a termi-
nal fri b. B. Chapmanii.
Petals entire, cr i or merely erose: lip 3-lobe
Petals entire, ean lip with narrow lobes. 6. B. lacera.
Petals crenulate o r erose, dilated upward : lip with dilated
obes.
Perianth white: petals with AT ero ae blades. T. B. leucophaea.
Perianth lilac or violet-purple (albin ccur) : petals
not flabellate-dilated.
Lobes of the lip fimbriate or fringed: petal-blade
toothed on the sides
Lip 14-2 m. long: Jateral sepals 9-11 mm.
long: petals s 9-12 mm 8. B. grandiflora.
Lip 7- 1m m. long: lateral sepals 5-6 mm. long:
petals 5- T mm 9. B. psycodes.
Es p the lip incised « a PEIUS petal-blade toothed .
t the tip or entire. 10. B. peramoena.
1. B. cristata n Raf. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear- i
PLA perianth orange: lateral sepals orbicular-ova
long: petals euneate, about 3.5 mm. long, t
lp subor bienla T
ong, de
Plain and rarely adj. iue ces,
to La., Ark., Tenn., and Mas
2. B. Blephariglottis (Willd.) Rydb.
—9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong-
te to E 10-25 em.
i : lateral Tu A
obovate, 5-7
a cuneate,
apex:
T
ed: 0-2
dora NC Hook. | (Ware FRINGE-ORCHID. | PLUME-OF-
370 ORCHIDACEAE-
NAVARRE.)—Acid sandy bogs and swamps, various provinces, a to La., Minn.,
and Newf. Hybrids with the orange-colored species are know
3. B. conspicua (Nash) Small. Stem 4-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-lanceo-
late to broadly linear, 8-40 cm. long: perianth white: lateral sepals suborbicu-
lar, 6-9 mm. long: petals nee or oblanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, erose or toothed
at ‘the oe. up E or ships aati a 12-16 mm. long, short-fringed:
spur 40-50 mm. long.— (SNowy-orcHip. )—Bogs, Coastal Plain or deel adj.
provinces, Fla. to La., Ky., and N. C.— The lip is sometimes nearly entir
4. B. ciliaris Bae Rydb. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades iind p lanceolate,
Rl a vat uri
ia Hen orange: lateral sepals orbieular-o m icular-
m pare etals pee oblong-linear or spatulate . long,
sharply enu at the apex: lip ovate in outline, copiously HER erus 15-25
long. [Platanthera ciliaris Lindl.]—(YELLOW-FRINGE-ORCHID. ORANGE
EE )—Aeid bogs, meadows, and open woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Mich., and Vt.
5. B. Chapmanii Min Stem 6-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-lanceolate to
cs linear, 9-20 em. long: MM deep o range: lateral sepals suborbieular
orbicular-ovate, 3.5—4.5 mm. long: petals flabellate or cuneate, 3.5—4 mm.
ne peetinate- fringed: lip about 10 mm. long, the linear pend with a ter-
minal fringe and 2 basal lateral fringes: spur 16-20 mm. long.—Pinelands,
Fla. Per Bb a hybrid between B. ciliaris and B. cristata.
6. B. lacera A ee Rydb. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades pui to lanceo-
late, 8-20 em. long: perianth greenish-white: lateral sepals e to orbicu-
lar ov j g: petals linear, 5.5— ng ire -15 mm
l each narrow lobe terminating in a fringe of several, processes: spur 14—16
mm. long. [Platanthera lacera A. Gray]—[GREEN-FRINGED-ORCHID. RAGGED-
ORCHID. RUSSET-ORCHID.)—Meadows, swamps, mj moist open woods, various
provinees, Ga. to Ark., Man., and Newf.
7. B. oe Cae Rydb. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to
oblong-lanceolate, 8-20 cm. long: perianth white: lateral sepals broadly ovate
or oval, 6—10 mm fog ye obovate to d spatulate 6—9 mm. long;
ip 12— ong, the = neate lo E long-fringed: spur 25—40 m
ong.— ( PRAIRIE- ORCHID ae eadows and: moist soil, ae ee provinces, La. D
Minn. and N. S., rare E of the yeu — The flowers are fragrant.
[t
"1i
eo
Un
oO
ESY
E
bo
be
o OR
JE
8. B. grandiflora Mcd Rydb. Stem eed dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong-
obovate or oblong to lanceolate, 8-30 cm. long: per 2: lilac- E lateral
sepals ovate, 9-11 mm. long: petals with narrow claw : lip wi ed r 20—30
mm. lon [Platanthera fimbriata Lindl.]—(PLUME-ROYAL, pee E-FRINGE-
ORCHID.)—Meadows and rich woods, Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn. to Md., and
various provinces, W. Va. to Ont., Newf., and N. J.
9. B. psycodes (L.) Et Stem 3-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades p e =
oblong- lanceolate, 5-25 cm. long: perianth lilac: lateral s Ded , 5—7 m
long: petals with broad claws: lip with a spur 13—16 mm. long. Ta.
psycodes A. Gray]— ap id -FRINGE.)— Meadows, swamps and open woods, S ue
Ridge, N. C. a Tenn. to Md., and various provinces, N. J. and Pa. to
Minn., and New |
10. B. peramoena (A. Gray) Rydb. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong
to laneeolate, 8-20 em. long: perianth rose-purple: lateral sepals broadly
ovate to suborbicular, 7-10 mm. long: petals as long as the sepals or ee
ORCHIDACEAE 371
so, spatulate, or the body orbicular-obovate, oe or erose: lip 14—18 mm.
long, the lobes sais or flabellate, ineised or erose: spur 19—26 mm. long.
[ Plantanthera peramoena A. Gra ay |— (PRIDE-OF- pe AK. | PINK-FRINGE-OR-
eadows "ed stream- done Blue Ridge and Appalachian provinces,
Ala. to N. C., and various provinces, Tenn. to Ark. "Ohio, and N. J.
7. PERULARIA Lindl. Caulescent herbs, with thick fibrous roots, the
stem leafy. Flowers relatively small, in a terminal spike. Perianth yellowish
or greenis Sepals and pa 1s all relatively broad. Lip lanceolate
lobe
ish. Sep
o suborbieular, undulat with a on each side near the base, and a
ao tubercle, the spur bu than the lip. Anthers with horizontal valves
opening upward, dilated at the base, thus forming a cavity enclosing the icu-
lar gland. About 4 species of the north temperate zone.—Sum. ae
SPIKES
Lip Re Cu longer than wide: bracts mostly longer than the
flow 1. P. flava.
Lip about as wide as long: bracts mostly shorter than the flowers.
undulate, suborbicular, oval or ovate-orbieular: petals i
e longer than wide. 2. P. scutellata.
Lip with 2 lobes at the base of the blade, hastate: petals as
wide as long or wider 3. P. bidentata.
P. flava (L.) Farwell. Stem 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, oblong o
lanceolate, 0. dni dm. long: -bracts pes longer than the flowers: lateral a ale
oval to obov e, 3-4 mm. long:
slig ly a han the sepals, uen
or erenulate: lip hastate, the middle lobe
oblong to lanceolate, 4-5. long
lon
spur shorter than the ovary. [ Platan-
thera flava A. Gray]—Wet woods, vari-
ous provinees, E E of Blue Ridge,
La. to Minn., Ont., and N. S.
2. P. = (Nutt.) Small. Stem
3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong-lanceo-
e i 2.9
: ng: S
about 15 as long as the ovary.—Swamps
and shallow water, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Ark., Ind., and Pa.
—Often confused with P. flava whieh has a more N and W ran ge.
3. P. bidentata (Ell) Small. Pere to the next preceding species in habit:
flowers e larger: petals as wide as long or wider: lip ovate in E
—6 mm uberele horn- like: spur about as long as the ovary.—Low
woods, i Pisin Fla. to Ala. and N. C.
8. HABENARIA Willd. con, on y did Flowers in a terminal and
like raceme. Perianth white, green, or w. Sepals distinct or nearly s
the lateral ones spreading, sligh a eae Petals MCN -parte à
Lip 3- Dn spurred. Anther-sacs elevated, each with an appendage at the
base. Stig with narrow 8100 the glands naked.—About 50 species,
most rn in the tropies.—LONG-SPUR ORCHIDS.
372 | ORCHIDACEAE
Spur about as long as the hypanthium or the o
Spur clavate: uen SAM scape-like, with "o remote Scale-
like leaves: raceme interrupted. 1. H. distans.
Spur ae Sones slightly-thickened at the tip: stem
stout, le afy : raceme contin 2. H. repens.
Spur ud longer than the hy RN or the ovary
Spur twice to thrice as long as the hypanthium m the o
i row lobe of the petal less than twice as long as He broad
3. H. quinqueseta.
Spur four to six times as long as the hypanthium or the
vary: narrow lobe of the petal over twice as long as the
broad lobe. 4. H. Habenaria.
1. H. distans Griseb. Stem scape-like, 2-3 dm. tall, with the larger leaves
near the base, ie use poen scales above: Det blades aliptic, varying
4—1 long:
to ov g: ow lobe
of lod petal slightly eee than the
—9 long.—Low
bro
Duci. m Fla.—( mW. T )—8&pr. —sum.
H. repens Nutt. Stem 2-6 dm. tall:
wh blades x Mec M d or lanceo-
2: 2: p ron eolate, 5-30 em. long:
m
e E o
narrow lobe of the pet etal ae than
the obtuse elliptic broader o a E =
mm. long a
uch 1
than the middle one. [H. Nu ttallii Small]
—Di swamps, ponds, streams, and
lake- shores, cree a Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I. C. A, S. A.)—
pr.-fall, all y r S.—Erro iip reported from Va. "To be found in
both eer us pou habit Often found growing in detached float-
ing clusters. of decaying Sanna water- hyacinths, and water-lettuce
3. H. quinqueseta G Sw. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, evenly pic leaf- panes
oval, elliptic, or ovate, 83-10 em. long: bracts lanceolate to ovate lanceolate
lateral sepals elliptic p ovate, 7-10 mm. long: narrow of ‘the petals endi
than the PLE elliptie or podus d broader one: middle lobe of the
lip linear-spatulate to almost linear: capsule short- iik d. [H. Michaux
Nutt. H. Simpsonii Small ]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and 8. C.—
all.
4. H. Habenaria (L.) Small. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, the leaves ig aed on the
lower part of the stem : leaf. pn Slip. to lanceolate, 5-15 em. long: lateral
das elliptie to ovate: -elliptie, . long: ue of the petals
longer than the linear or linear- eliptic ps ader one: : middle ul of the lip
linear: capsule long- Bow ni d. [H. macroceratitis Willd.]—Hammoc Fla.
—(W. I.)—Sum.—It seems a that this a eee eae should’ not occur
in tropical Fla., but it apes ars to be restricted to ocks north of the middle
of the peni insula. The flowers, ‘with much eed pied TRUM any of our other
species, are very fragrant.
ABENELLA Small. Caulescent herbs.. Flowers in a terminal spike.
Perianth yellowish, becoming green. Sepals distinct, the lateral ones spread-
ing, very inequilateral. Petals much smaller than the sepals, sinuately lobed
at the apex and with a small er lobe. Lip entire above, with 2 small basal
ORCHIDACEAE 373
lobes. Anther-sacs with filiform appendages at the base. Stigma with two
short c EM the glands naked.—
One speci
1. H. odontopetala (Reichenb. f.) Small.
Stem 3-6 dm. tall: me a oblong
to oblong- -Janceolate, long,
ad lateral sepals n Bus 5.5—
mm
mm. long: petals about 4 :
TUM sinuately 3-lobed at the apex: lip
6-10 mm. long, broadly linear, obtuse:
spur 12-18 lon mg: capsule ped
ing, the bo jo 9-1 long, longer
than the stipe. | Platanthero a
(Porter) Chapm Habenella Garberi
ra Fla.
Sy) Small]—Hammocks,
—( , Mex., C. A.)—A1 yea
10. GYMNADENIOPSIS Rydb. Caulescent herbs. Flowers in a ter-
minal spike. Perianth whit ink ish, or orange-yellow. Sepals dis-
sepals, undulate, sinuate-lobed or erose. Lip entire, 3-lobed at the p OT
crenulate or erose. Anthers with parallel approximate sacs, and naked con
tiguous glands. Stigmas with 2 or 3 appendages at the beak.—A genus of
eastern North America hani by the following species.—Sum.—REIN-
ORCHIDS.
Lip posterior, erect. , I. NIVEA
Lip anterior, pendent. II. aa
I. NIVEAE
xen topped by a short stout spike, the hypanthium and perianth
hite. 1. G. nivea.
II. INTEGRAE
Lip erose-crenulate: perianth yellow or orange: spur filiform. 2. G. integra.
us F DURS at the apex: periantn whitish or greenish: spur cla- l
3. Œ. clavellata.
. G. nivea (Nutt.) Rydb. Stem 2-5 dm. tall: leaves reduced on the upper
part of the stem, the lower ones is
linear or linear- -oblong blades 5—20
long: perianth white or eae latera
sepals ovate : ee 4—6
long: pet —4.5 mm. pun bey
the tip EUM. e: Lp linear or linear-
laneeolate, 5—7 mm. long, entire, ereet:
spur ut 1 cm. long, curving up-
ward: capsule 9-11 mm. 1l [Gy
nadenia nivea Engelm. and yl
s TORCHES. FROG-SPEAR. WHITE REIN-
D.)—Low pinelands, acid meadows,
"ru m hillsides, Coast 2 Pin, Fla.
to Tex., Ark., an nd N. J.— )
2. G. integra (Nutt.) Rydb. Stem 3-
6 dm. tall: leaves much reduced on the
upper part of oa stem, the lower ones with broadly linear or linear-lanceolate
blades 5—20 em. long: perianth yellow or orange-yellow: lateral — Quae
to obovate, 3-4 mm. long: petals 3-3.5 mm. long, oblong or nearly so: lip
374 ORCHIDACEAE
oblong to id -oblong or oval, 44.5 mm. long, er 'Ose or ipe no
spur mm. long, iy un downward: “caps fully 10 mm. long. [Gymn
dema fiava Lindl]—(FROG-ARROW. ORANGE REIN-ORCHID. )— Moist piclands
, Ten
and acid bog Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex.
and N. J.
3. G. clavellata r. Rydb. Stem 1-5 dm. tall, rather uin above:
leaves scale-like except 1 or 2 near the middle of e stem or below it; blades
oblong or RR UM E 5-12 em. long: perianth whi tish or seen lateral
sepals ovate to oval, 2-3.5 mm. pc petals 3—4 mm. long, £ sinuately 3-lobed:
lip slightly dilated "upward, s . long: capsule 7-8 mm. long. [Gymna-
ema Med gale ( Willd.) Hook.]— C FROG- eet Pa RBIN-ORCHTD eo
grounds and swamps, various provinces, Fla. , Minn., and New
11. VANILLA Sw. Vines with rope-like stems and aerial roots. Leaves
remote, iiis much reduced. Flowers in axillary clusters. Perianth mainly
pale, but showy. Lateral sepals narrow, slightly broadened upward. Petals
ee coe than the sepals. Lip cornuco ike, involute and adnate to
the long eolumn, the free dilated tip fringed or erisped. Capsule LE
About 20 species, mostly of tropical regions an mms m IDS
Leaves with blades, not da dunt capsule elongate.
Lip fringed, 40-50 mm. long: sepals and petals less than 60
mm.
p
V. Vanilla.
Lip crisped, 10-80 mm. long: sepals and petals over 70 mm.
lo
ong. V. phaeantha.
Leaves obsolete, or scale-like, and recurved at the tip: capsule
snort.
Lip abruptly pointed at the apex: leaves mere narrow scales .
near the tips of the branches. 3. V. Eggersii.
Lip notched at the apex: leaves obsolete. 4. V. articulata.
V. Vanilla (L.) Britton. Leaf-blades
us to elliptic, 10-18 em. long: lateral
m petals linear or nea
SO 5—9 . long, the edge fringed
[F. planifolia Andr.]—( VANILLA-VINE.)
Hammocks, n. Fla.
The eured eapsule is the i vanilla-bean'
of commerce. Usually merely a waif.
V. phaeantha Reiehenb. Leaf-blades
narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 9
15 cm. long: lateral Paes nearly linear,
slightly narrowed to the base and the
apex, 65-80 mm. ines petals rather
narrower than the a: sepals: lip 70-80 mm. ong, the edge crenulate.—
(LEAFY-VANILLA.)—Low hammocks, S pen. Fla.—(W. I.)
V. Eggersii Rolfe. Leaves remote, scale-like, linear to lanceolate, 5—7
bas: pide sepals spatulate, 33-36 mm. long: petals narrowly spatulate: us
30-36 m the
long, edge crisped: capsule 5-7 cm. long, slender-clavate.—
( 10055 -VANILLA.)— mocks, Everglade Keys and Cape Sable ie) Fla.
—(W. I.)—In pese. which are permanently dry or usually dry
4. V. arti pid Northrop: Stem and gus very stout: leaves obsolete:
lateral sepals narrowly oblong, 28-33 m ong: petals oblong-spatulate: lip
2 mm. nd he edge im. -eri ER n ule 7-9 em. long, stout-clavate.
—(WoRM-VINE.)—Hammock islands, S Everglades and swamps, Cape Sable re-
gion, Fla.—(W. TIn} hammocks subject to overflow part of the year.
ORCHIDACEAE l 375
12. POGONIA Juss. Caulescent herbs, with cord-like roots. Leaves
usually solitary or 2 on the stem. Flowers solitary or 2 Sun ether. Perianth
mainly pink, rose, or lilac. Sepals nearly
equal, slightly longer than the petals.
Petals broader than the sepals. Lip
fringed at the dilated apex, with a papil-
lose crest on the face. Capsule erect.—
One species
: P. pi are E Ker. Ste
tall: des the eine
eave and bracts green, ne -lanceolate
elliptic, 3-8 cm. long: lateral sepals
linear bar d or narrowly oblong, 15-
20 long, acute: petals elliptic or
oim cuneate, 14-16 m m. long, obtuse:
lip longer than the po pound Es
the rounded apex.—(ETTERCAP. CRES
TERCAP. ROSE CRESTED-ORCHID. ud E flat woods, and damp prairies,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and New pr.
13. CLEISTES L. C. Rich. Caulescent rather succulent herbs, with eord-
like roots. Leaves 1 or 2 on the stem, but usually solitary. Flowers mostly
1 or 2, somewhat nodding, the braet or oak foliaceous. Perianth mainly
brown and pink. Sepals various, the lateral ones much narrower than the
median. Petals nearly like the lateral sepals. Lip erose on the edges, the
apical lobe with a median and 2 lateral BM Capsule erect.—One species.
1. C. divaricata (L.) Ames D. (md dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves
line r nea
attenuate, brownish: etals narrowly
PA to ae od 20—35 mm
pi :
T
£5
re t
maintained a foothold in the mountains.
In the level lowlands of the oue regions it oceurs in such abundance as to
form seas of pale rose. There are several forms in the Coastal regions show-
ing much variation in the size of the perianth and of its parts.
14. ISOTRIA Raf. Scapose herbs, with elongated roots. Leaves reduced
to scales at the base of the scape. Scape topped by a whorl of 5 or 6 spread-
ing leaf-like bracts. Flowers solitary or 2 together. Perianth purple or green-
ish. Sepals nearly equal, much longer than the petals. Petals broader than
the sepals. Lip 3-lobed at the apex, sessile, crested along the middle. enims
erect.—Two species, the following and one in the northeastern State
376 > ORCHIDACEAE
1. I. verticillata (Willd.) Raf. is 2—4.5 dm. tall: blades of the whorled
ie mainly elliptie to ova obo-
e, 2.0-8 em. long: flower long- bored
ROS due purple, narrowly linear,
30-50
median broad lobe: capsule 2-
lon [Pogoma verticillata Nutt.]—
(GREEN ADDERL -L )
—Woods, often in acid soil, various
provinces, Fla La., ( ; Wis.,
—Spr.—A related species,
afini (A Rydb., with yellowish
sessile or nearly sessile flowers, occurs
in S Va. and may be expected in N.
15. LIMODORUM L. Scapose herbs with corms. Leaves Di opm;
of several sheathing scales, and one with an elongate blade. Flowers in a ter-
minal raceme-like spike. Perianth mainly purple, pink-purple, or e Lat-
eral AS inequilateral, shorter than the median one. Petals nearly equilateral,
what narrowed at the base. Lip erect, with 2 minute lateral lobes and a
E dilated middle lobe bearded with clavate hairs. Capsule erect. [Calopogon
. Br.]—Represented by the following species—GRASS-PINKS. ROSE-WINGS.
Dilated pon of the middle lobe of the lip separated from the lateral lobes by a
linear stalk-like base.
Lip "15.19 m mm. long: column- -wing narrowed at the base.
nM lobe of the lip cuneate-flabellate : mature leaf-blades
mm. wide. 1. L. tuberosum.
Middle lobe the lip obreniform : mature leaf-blades less
Im vide. 2. L. Simpsonii.
Lip o 10m rel column- -wings truncate at the bas 3. L. pallidum.
Dilated So of the middle lobe of the lip narrowed down to
the lateral lobes
Middle lobe of the lip cuneate, the lateral no v EE
sepals broadly ovate: lip roun or truncate at .
e apex; erest extending to the mar Eine 4. L. multiflorum.
Lateral sepals e c-ovate: lip deeply .2-lobed at the : l
apex; crest cen 5. L. pinetorum.
Middle lobe of thè lip rounded at the base, the lateral lobes
ider than lon 6. L. parviflorum.
1. L. tuberosum L. Leaf-blade broadly linear to narrowly elliptic
long: scape 2-9 dm. tall: perianth p -purple: lateral sepals half. orbicular,
15-17 mm. long, ce. Ps a E
long, the blade elliptic lanceolat
middle lobe of the lip Su. less than do
ab ellate, nearly trun
adows, and df E o
various porc ad in
and Newf.—Spr. The p "e
varies from deep- Dura to white. |
2. L. Simpsonii ( cud ipeum ird
or rarel i
orbicular, 17-18 mm. long, cuspidate: pet-
als 20-22 mm. long, the blade elliptic. -ovate: middle lobe of the lip 8-10 mm.
ORCHIDACEAE 377
wide, obreniform, emarginate, a over 11 mm. wide: column-wings broadly
obovate.—Swamps and P airies, pipe in aes soil, mostly in the Ever-
i pen. Fla.— (JW. I eus all yea
. pallidum (Chapm.) C hr. Leaf-blade narrowly linear, 10—30 em
long: scape 2-5 dm. tall: siu palepi pu Or D tinged with purple: lat-
eral sepals broadly elliptie to obova -18 mm. long, acute: petals 13—14
mm. long, the blades linear t Md a Taie doe - middle lobe of the lip 5-6
wide, cuneate-flabellate, emarginate: eolumn-wings broadly deltoid.—W et
e Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C. —Spr.
L. multiflorum (Lindl) C. Mohr. Leaf-blade linear, 8-15 ne long: scape
a dm. tall: perianth rose-purple: lateral sepals ovate, 10-12 m. long, acute:
petals 12-18 mm ry the blades ovate or obovate: middle | lobe of the lip
broadly cuneate, 8-9 mm. wide , truncate or rounded: column-wings rhombic.—
"si pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Spr.
L. pinetorum Small. Leaf-blade narrowly linear, 0.5-1.5 dm. 2 scape
i 5 dm. tall: perianth deep-pink: lateral sepals elliptic-ovate, 10.5-11.5 m
long, aa bs 11-12 mm. long, the blade elliptic: middle epa of the lip
wide, deeply 2-lobed at the apex ru mucronate: colu
wings nan ocu: —Dry pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.— zs
6. L. parviflorum (Lindl.) Nash. Leaf-blade narrowly linear, 1-3 dm. long:
scape 1.5-4 dm. tall: perianth rose-pink: lateral sepals ovate or elliptic, 11-14
m als 13-15
m. long, a abruptly contracted at the apex: pe 15 mm. long, the blade
id -lanceolate: ‘middle lobe of the lip M nU reniform, 9—10 mm. wide,
adly rounded at the apex: column-wings nearly half orbieular. [L. gramini
folium (Ell.) Small ]—Low ‘pinelands, and wad ios, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La. and N. C.—Spr.
16. ARETHUSA L. Scapose herbs, with corms. Leaves elongate sheath-
ing scales, the upper one producing a narrow blade. Flower usually solitary
at the top of the scape. Perianth mainly rose-pink. Lateral sepals slightly
curved. Petais quite similar to the lat-
eral sepals, but shorter. Lip dilated,
recurved, crested. pak erect.—Two
ue the following and one in Japan.
A. bulbosa L. Basal leaf with a linear
blade 10-15 em. long: seape 1-3 dm. tall:
lateral idee broadly linear to narrowly
di i E mm. long, acute: lip 25-30
m. long, with 2 shallow lateral lobes and
a im Paddle yo oothed or fringed at
the dE capsule 20-25 mm. long.—
(ROSE SWAMP ROSE-ORCHID.)—Acid
bogs, Blue Ridge, 8. pa to Va., UR vari-
ous provinces, Md. to Minn. an nd wf.—
Spr.—Plant L pe during se but as the dios "e an elongate
blade protrudes from the basal sheaths. Albino forms occu
17. TRIPHORA Nutt. Caulescent herbs, with fleshy tubers. Leaves sev-
eral, with relatively broad scale-like blades. Flowers nodding, several, axillary
to leaf-like bracts. Perianth white or magenta-pink. Sepals nearly equal,
about as long as the petals. Petals about as broad as the sepals, but narrower
. at the base. Lip dilated above the claw, prominently 3-lobed, erestless or with
.9 low crests, the middle lobe much larger than the lateral ones. Capsule droop-
378 | ORCHIDACEAE
ing.—NODDING-CAPS.—About 10 species, natives of tropicel and temperate
America.—Sum.—fall.
Column 10-12 mm. long: petals spatulate: capsule as long as the stalk or PLN
Shorter. 1. T. trianthophora
Column 6-7 mm. long: petals linear or nearly so: capsule
much shorter than the stalk. 2. T. cubensis.
1 T. trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. Stem 5-30 em. tall: leaf-blades suborbicu-
lar to Mis orbieular or ovate, 5-20 mm. long, dos elasping, but spreading:
flowers nodding, white flushed with p
dig sepals linear- uu. 12-15 m
ong: petals spatulate: lip 12-15 mm
long, the middle eu i mm. T or or more:
eapsule 10—14 m [Pogoma pen
dula ( m Tul. ]-- QNonors-srrun-
C THREE- S.)—Rich woods, vari-
ous provinces, ee eee Plain, Fla.
to Kans., Wis., and Me.
2. T. p ds. E p depo Ames. Stem
0 leaf-blades broadly
lir
e lip Su mioa ims the ‘middle lobe
3 mm. wide or pem capsule 12-15 mm. long.—Pinelands, S pen. Fla.— (W. I.)
` Both s iei are irregular in their flowering Seasons; several years may elapse
between them
18. OPHRYS L. Scapose herbs. Leaves reduced to scales at the base
of the scape. Flowers in a raceme subtended by 2 opposite leaf-like bracts.
Perianth greenish or brownish purple. Sepals and petals distinct, nearly equal,
spreading or reflexed. Lip more or less drooping, 2-lobed at the apex, the lobes
sometimes elongate. Stigma-beak rounded. Capsule slender-stipitate. [Lis-
tera r.]—About 12 species, natives of north temperate and arctic regions.—
TWAYBLADES. DOUBLE-LEAF ORCHIDS.
Lip wedge- Beth about twice as long as the petals, notched at the apex: column
1.5 mm. long. 1. O. Smalti.
TE ee E 10 times longer than the petals, 2-parted : column 0.5
2, O. australis.
1. O. Smallii (Wiegand) House. Plant
1-3 dm. tall: blades of the go reni-
1-3 long:
m.
; . reniformis mall |—(GrPsv-
WIT CH.) —Thiekets and wooded hillsides, in
acid humus, Blue Ridge and Appalachian
Valley, N. CG. to Tenn. and Pa.—Spr.-sum.
2. O. australis (Lindl) House. Plant
1-3 dm. tall: blades of the ci) den
j D: 1.5—2. A BE ng:
1.5-2 m lip
—12 mm. con ‘the lobes i "Latera australis Lindl.]—Wet acid thickets
MINE: NNNM ee
ORCHIDACEAE 379
and low woods, Coastal Plain, New England Upland and Great Lake Lowland,
Fla. to La., Ont., and Vt. —Spr.
19. PRESCOTTIA Lindl. Caulescent herbs, with stout roots. Leav
various, the basal ones with broad blades, the cauline ones reduced to didus
scales. Flowers minute, 1 in a terminal
i i it
th
sepals. Lip very broad, the bla de. auri-
cled at the base. Capsule ascending.—
About 30 species of tropical America.
1. P. oligantha (Sw.) Lindl. Plant 2-
the stem with narrow scales:
about 1.5 m
ee -ovate, about 1 1 mm. : lip
15 m long, t he blade suborbieu-
lar P LUE aurieles at the
capsule-bo ody 4—5 mm. lo mic AU "Everglade Keys, Fla.— (WW. I.) —Wint.
20. CRANICHIS Sw. Caulescent oa. herbs, with coarse roots.
Leaves various, the lower cauline with mostly long-petioled dilated blades, the
upper ones reduced to partially eee |
ing scales. Flowers in a terminal spike.
1 itis
. pals broad, slightly inequilateral. Petals
narrow, mueh smaller than the sepals.
longer than the petals, concave.
Capsule scarcely stipitate-—-About 20
species of tropical America.
1. C. muscosa Sw. Plant 1-3 dm.
the stem scaly: c blades "olg:
elliptie, oval or ad 2.5-7 long:
lateral sepals 3 -3.5 mm. long:
vetals narrowly Mistic to cuneate-spatu-
ate, 2.5-3 mm. long: lip oblong or
o so, about 3 mm. long, sessile: or 2 or ellipsoid, 1 em. long or
les E eeu Everglade Keys, Fla—(W. I.)—Wint.-spr.
21. PONTHIEVA R. Br. Caulescent herbs with seape-like stems from
clustered roots. Leaves various, the lower cauline with dilat ed blades, the
mere scales. Flow im a lax raceme. Perianth greenish. Latera
sepals broad, slightly inequilateral Petals icine is blade very inequilat-
eral, slender-elawed. Lip relatively small, eonea eaked, short-elawed. Cap-
ading.—About 20 species, natives of ino tropieal and warm parts of
America.—SHADOW-WITCHES.
Petal-blades about as wide as long: lip 4 mm. long or more. 1. P. racemosa.
Petal-blades decidedly longer than wide: lip 3.5 mm. long or less. 2. P. Brittonae.
1. P. racemosa (Walt.) C. Mohr. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, the stem scape-like, with
remote sheathing seales: leaves mainly near the base of the stem ; blades. ellip-
380 ORCHIDACEAE
tic or Adi is oval, 4-13 em. long, or longer: raceme stout, glandular-pubescent,
1 :
6-21 em. long: br acts linear- dd ue 5-14 mm. long: median sepal oblon
or elliptic] anceolate m long,
obtuse; lateral sepals ovate, "5 5.5 mm.
long, acutish: petals 5 long,
the blades about as wide as long: lip
white with green stripes, E
ther adly linea [ P. ndulosa
(Sim r.|—Ric 00 asta
R. ds, Coa
Plain and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla.
to Ala. and Va.—Fall.—spr.
2. P. Brittonae Ames. Plant similar
Me that E P. racemosa, but smaller
r : lea
with & more :
SPEM elliptic, pie. Ad dada. 9-11
em. long, acute: dc. . long:
bracts oe ere ae 4—8 long:
RAM sepal elliptic- Tes or ore 4—4.5 mm. long, obtuse; lateral sepals
vate, 44.5 mm, long, acute: petals 44.5 mm. long, the blades decidedly longer
than wide: lip 3-3.5 mm. lon ng: anther narrowly ellipsoid.— Pinelands and rarely
hammoeks, Everglade Keys, Fla.—(W. I.)—Wint.
22. IBIDIUM. Salisb. Caulescent herbs. Leaves various, the basal and
lower cauline with usually narrow blades or sometimes with short broad blades,
the upper eauline leaves mere sheathing scales. Flowers in a terminal spiral
spike. Perianth white, rarely pinkish, done or greenish. Median sepal and
petals coherent: lateral sepals erect. Lip erect, or with a spreading tip, bear-
i asal callosities, the lower portion folded around the very short column
ith a 2-forked beak. Capsule ascending. [Spiranthes L. C. Rich
tigm
ree Pers.]—About 80 species, natives of temperate and tropical Amer-
ica.—LADIES’-TRESSES. PEARL-TWISTS. PIRAL-ORCHIDS.—A decoction from
the roots of some of the species is used by the Seminoles as a blood purifier.
Flowers merely alternate, apparently secund as a result of the twisting of the rachis.
Stem Me oe scales: basal leaves with relatively short and broad blades,
ip white A ANS perianth about E n lon ES I. Beckii.
Lip medially colored: perianth 4—5 m
Lip medially yellow: aoe rs o opening re spring. 2. I. floridanum.
Lip medially green: flowers opening in summ 3. I. gracile.
Spike merely secund, unilateral or md spirally
isted : pd large Sis 11 mm. long 4, I. longilabre.
SILIO and channeled. 5. I. tortile.
Blades of the basal pepe narrowly linear, flat.
Lip pubescent without.
"Lib of an elliptic type, usually eee across
the callosities. laciniate at the t 6. I. laciniatum.
Lip of an ovate type, usually b Bes in front
of the pane ae not laciniate at the tip. T7. I. vernale.
Lip glabrous withou 8. I. praecoa.
Flowers Pn al ranked, bor =e in an elongate, often dense
spike, the rachis not conspicuously twisted.
Lip white, pubescent, the callosities prominently exserted
and more or less hoo oked.
Perianth over 8 mm. lon ng, not conspicuously ringent,
the parts not ee 9. I. cernuum.
Perianth less than 4 m long, conspicuously ringent,
the parts with COHSBIGHOHED. aa tips 10. I. ovale.
Lip yellow, glabrous, the callosities imbedded. in the base
of the blade. 11. I. plantagineum.
ORCHIDACEAE 381
1. I. Beckii (Lindl.) House. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, from a single root (the pre-
ceding season’s ean sometimes Pura E blades of the basal leaves ovate
elliptic, a 3 em. lon rae spike very slen
der, relatively p -flowered : perianth
white: lateral sepals juod about 3
long: petals spatulate to elliptie-
spatulate: E ovate to orbicular-ovate,
E [Spiranthes simplex
ae cid soil, often in open
oa Tuastal Plain à nd adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Ark., and ps Sum.
2. I. floridanum Wherry. Stem 1.5-4
dm. tall, from a eluster of fleshy roots:
blades of the basal leaves elliptie Or
Pub re so, 1-4 em. long: spike iiu
em. long: pe erianth whitish or c
colored, with a bright yellow stripe a
iddle of the lip: cd. sepals lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long: petals linear:
lin elliptie- -oblong, about as long as the us — Moist, enone acid pinelands
and boggy meadows, RUE Plain, Fla. to E and S. C.—Spr.
9. I. gracile (Bigel) House. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, from a cluster Gi short roots:
blades of the basal leaves elliptie or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-5 em. long: T ike
slender, as em. long: perianth white, with a bright ipm D down
middle of the lip: lateral sepals lanceolate, 4—4.5 m ong: petals linear: im
re ae oblong, slightly longer than the sepals Dry, a acid d
an woods, various dip Ga. to Tex., Man., and N. S.—Sum
4. I. longilabre (Lindl) H from usually 3 -—
roots: ole of the basal ie mn p: Mines M n 2-5 em. long:
spike stout: perianth mainly white: lateral sepals Ei i r linear- lanceolat ate
from a Ru base: petals broadly linear or nearly s ToN elliptic-ovate,
7-9 mm. long, much erisped above the base, faa pics : [ Spiran-
thes qeu Chapm. | —Moist grassy pinelands, Coastal Pla. Fla to La.— Fall.
5. I. tortile (Sw.) House. Stem 2-4.5 dm. e from a cluster of long roots:
blades of the basal and lower cauline leaves elongate-linear or filiform-linear,
very thick, mostl em. long: spike tun pe slender: perianth mainly
S: ads sepals broadly lanceolate, 4.5-5.5 mm. long: petals narrowly ellip-
tic: lip ovate, mm. long.—Marshes and moist a. Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La EW., I.)—Spr.-fall.
I. laciniatum (Small) House. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, from a cluster of coarse
de roots, more or less pubescent: blades of the basal and lower cauline
leaves DER linear and often long- tapering, up to 40 em. long: spike slender,
elongate: perianth white or nearly so, 7-9 mm. long: lateral sepals linear-
ely
ex.—Wet sandy soil, marshes, ponds, and lake shores, often in acid
soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—Spr.-sum.
7. I. vernale (Engelm. & Gray) House. Stem 1.5-6.5 dm. tall, from elongate-
fusiform roots, eet pubescent above: blades of the basal and lower cauline
leaves linear, tapering to both ends, or sometimes phyllode-like and without a
dilated blade, 7-15 em. inne bd elongate: perianth yellowish: lateral ae
lanceolate, 6-10 mm. long: petals linear or elliptic-linear: lip ovate, presa
rhombie-ovate. [I. Exo eie ups ae —Sa a or gravelly hs meadow
po and open woods, various provinees, Fla. . M., Kans., and Mass.—
in .)—Spr.-fal. Hybridizes with J. pros um: dr intermedium |
I. praecox (Walt.) House. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, from clustered elongate pm
is ingly pubescent above: blades of the ba sal and lower cauline leaves linear,
cece narrowly so, 8—25 em. long: spike elongate, slender, hm very dense: perianth
382 ORCHIDACEAE
mainly white with the parts MER Mie with green, 4-5 mm. long: lateral
sepals s nico: to linear-lanceolate, 5—6 mm. long (rarely D Petals li linear:
"d elliptie.—Wet gras ipe e Plain, Fla. to Tex. an —S
I. cernuum (L.) H Stem 1—4 dm. tall or up to 1 m., from coarse cord-
ike roots: ‘blades of the pee al and lower cauline leaves ee sometimes broadly
arying |
2 0 em. lon
apenas with elon ae i. s bases: spike dense, 3-15 em. long, stout:
ers more or less fra : perianth white or creamy, 7—11 mm. long: petals
lanceolate: lip ovate- due usen oa or dilated at the base, more
or less erose or crisped near the apex. [J. trilobum Small]—Bogs, ed
ub , rive , usu i
Z
ys and New :
d tu in a -acid soil and often drier places, has been described as
I. ochroleucum (Rydb.) House, while a vigorous variant, growing mostly in rich
swamps of moderate acidity, in the southern Coastal Plain, has been described
as I. odoratum (Nutt.) Hou
10. I. ovale (Lindl) House. Stem 2—4 dm. tall, from a cluster of elongate
roots: blade r the basal and lower cauline Dept broadly linear to b r-
elliptie, 416 c m. long: pi slender, pops ring, elosely flowered but not very
dense: perianth white , 4-5 mm. long: lateral sepals broadly lanceolate: Pete
broadly Pu S linear. lanceolate: lip ovate to elliptic-ovate, narrowed at the
apex. [Spira cernua parviflora Chapm.]—Moist par Di eu hill-
sides, various ane ity Ga. to La. (Tex.?), Mo., and Ohio.—Fal
11. I. plantagineum (Raf.) House. Stem 1—4 dm. tall, from a eluster of
thiek roots: blades of the b and lower cauline leaves broadly li linear to linear-
els. or broadest one ebd: the middle or below it: spike stout, not taper
= ing, rather loosely fiowered: perianth, except the lip, white or nearly SO, 5-7
ME ng: la is sepals a E n linear: lip quadrate-elliptie,
yello ow, broad a e ap Moist woods and grassy banks, various provinces,
rarely Coastal Pit, N. C. to Minn. and N. Tous ein]
3. CYC OGON Pres]. Caulescent herbs. Leaves various, the basal
and lower ite with wide blades, the upper cauline mere sheathing scales.
Flowers in a terminal spike. Perianth whitish. Median sepal and petals
coherent; lateral sepals erect. Lip with a large body completely involute
about the long column and a short nearly erect tip, the e eallosities com-
monly minute or obscure. Stigma-beak not forked.—About 30 species in
tropical America.
Column and androecium nearly ee the lip: apical lobe of the lip rhombic, much
narrower than the body of the 1. C. cranichoides.
Column and androecium about hele as long as the lip: apical lobe
of the lip oe r flabellate, nearly or quite as wide as the
body of the lip ; 2. C. elata.
1. C. anos (Giseb.) Schltr.. Plant
1-3 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves
a a
2-3.5 cm.
long, usually a flowers spreading:
lateral sepals M laneeolate, about 5
mm. long, obtuse: petals spatulate: lp `
0 the 0 ds
2 cuneate Ls Spread o m
p mall rhombic pem
mn n posa cap-
id long.
M
[e]
i
d
[e]
E
BS
<
and: the o Koa (W. I.) —PNWint.-spr.
ORCHIDACEAE 383
2. B. elatum (Sw.) Schltr. Plant similar to that of the preceeding species,
but usually larger, up to 6 dm. tall: blades Pri apes oe ip don Or ies
varying to br ap above ls middle or belo , 19 em. long or eut
nds EE n with a long petiole- like Dose E sale lanceolate,
abou a petals linear- ende about 5 . long: lip about 6
oim ne "body ovate, when spread out, about as "ides as the reniform or fabel.
late po lobe or narrower: co dien shorter than the anther: capsule Ad
soi a. a m. long.—Hammocks, Brooksville hammock region, Fla.—(W.
24. MESADENUS Schlechter. Caulescent herbs with stout tuberous
roots. Leaves various, the basal with broad short blades, those of the stem
mere sheathing scales. Spike erect, slender, sometimes elongate, with short
bracts. owers arcuate, the perianth rin rs horizontal or somewhat nodding,
greenish-purple. Median sepal and petals coherent, recurved. Lateral Sca
free, somewhat recurved. Lip pA to the lateral sepals but slightly wider
and shorter, recurved near the 2
sile, without callosities at the base Col.
umn long, but less than half as long
as the lip. Anther didymous, extend ng
beyond the ea or emarginate sti igma.
pans sessile.—Five species in el
erica.
1. M. lucayanus (Britton) Schlechter.
Stem 2-7 dm. tall, glabrous,
2.5—11 on te, narrowed ao
petiole- like bases: petals narrowly lin
ne 4. pa mm. long, iae. mud lip lanceolate, faintly veined: ee
about 2 ong: anther as wide leas x ET oval or obovoid, mm.
long, ribbed. —Hammocks, Florida Kes . I.) —Wint.-spr.
25. STENORRHYNCHUS L. C. Rich. Caulescent highly colored succu-
lent herbs. Leaves various, the basal with more or less elongate blades, early de-
eaying, upper cauline leaves sheathing scales. Flowers in a conspicuous spike.
Perianth reddish, yellowish, or white. Lat- |
eral sepals narrow, decurrent together with
the base of the lip as a spur adnate to the
ypanthium. Petals shorter than the lat-
eral sepals. Lip entire, scarcely as long
as the lateral sepals, the blade lanceolate,
the claw ciliate and with thickened mar-
gins, destitute of callosities. Stigma-beak
subulate.—About 25 species, natives of
tropical and subtropical Ameri
1. S. orchioides L. C. Stem 3-
dm. tall, stout: spike en UE add
eral sepals linear-lanceolate, 20-27 m
long: petals lanceolate, 15-20 mm. lor t
slightly eurved: lip slightly shorter than the lateral à with a oo
body and a stout claw with lateral ridges and cilia: capsule body 1-1.5
384 ORCHIDACEAE
long. [Spiranthes jaliscana S. Wats.]—Hammocks, pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mez.
C. A., S. A.) l
26. PELEXIA Poit. Caulescent herbs, with scape-like stems. Leaves
various, the lower cauline with o es blades, the upper cauline
i lowers
ike. Perianth a" p se-
gated, the upper part of the narrow
blade erisped: callosities wanting.—4Abou
20 species, of tropical and subtropical
America
P. setacea Lindl. Plant 3-6 dm
il blades of the lower cauline leaves
oblong to elliptic, 4-10 cm. pe lateral
ng,
sepals linear-filiform E^ l7 mm pe
exclusive of spur lip 3 0-37 m ong,
the body nel elliptie or Bis ell tic with a Pc tip: eni 14—17
mm. jus —Hammocks, Everglade Keys, Fla.— (W. I., S. A.) —Wint.-spr.
ERAMIUM Salisb. Caulescent herbs, with scape-like stems. Leaves
narrow, Wiese near the base of the stem with dilated aan ae those
higher up mere sheathing iin Flowers in a spike. anth white or pin
Lateral sepals of an ovate type. Petals very Leen eae Lip ie sac-
ike, 4. e. with a small blade and a large saccate base. Capsules erect. [Good-
yera R. Br.]. ous 25 species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical
regions.—Sum. ANTAINS. LATTICE-LEAVES.
Spike 1-sided : petals 3-
Is
5m n long: lip-sac with a broad border. 1. P. ophioides.
Spike cylindric: petals 4.5 5.5 i i
3.
4. mm. long: lip-sac with a narrow
l 2. P. pubescens.
1. P. ophioides ra Rydb. . Plant 1-2.5 dm. tall: blades of the lower
eauline leaves ovate to o ate,
1-2 em. long: lat a sepals a
ing: petals shorter than the S erose,
e: lip 4 mm. long, the edge even, the
tip ae —Moist cool woods, e
Ridge and more northern provinees, N. C.
m peat a and Newf.
mium ens (L 5 Salisb. in which
the ab species was formerly included,
an Old World plant.
2. P. Hearty (Willd.) MacM. Plant
2-5 long: lateral sepals about 5
mm, eae petals about as long as der se- 3
pals, not erose, obtuse: lip 4 mm. long, 2i
the edge undulate, i tip aa or nearly so.—Woods, usually in dry soil,
various provinces, Ala. to Minn., Newf., and N. C.
ORCHIDACEAE 385
28. PHYSURUS L. : a“? Caulescent herbs, the stems d Lea
with wide blades. Flower spike or spike-like raceme. Perianth Be
or greenish. Tateral di xe dis broad, decurrent together i the base
the lip as a spur partially adnate to the hypanthium. Petals mostly smaller
nA sepals. Lip 3-lobed, the terminal lobe quite as large as the body of
the lateral lobes, with a reflexed tip, the broad claw-like base forming part of
the spur; eallosities wanting. Capsule spreading.—About 65 species, natives
of tropical and subtropical regions. ' |
Lateral sepals broadly linear: lateral lobes of the terminal lip-lobe ovate, directed
1. P.
forward : leaf-blades acuminate. Sagraeanus.
Lateral sepals ovate: lateral lobes of the terminal lip-lobe semi-
orbicular, directed outward: leaf-blades acute. 2. P. querceticola.
P. Sagraeanus A. Rich. Plant 2-4 dm. tall, the stem simple: leaf blades
moe to ovate- pa pi the upper
lateral: lip, with spur, about 6 mm. long,
the middle lobe broadly cuneate at a
ase when spread out: capsule 6.5-7 m
long, rather po ribbed. R
S pen. Fla.—(W. I.)—Fall-spr.
2. P. dapes Lindl. Plant 0.5-1.5
dm. tall, the m simple: leaf-blades
ovate, an broadly so, the upper ones
ong:
ovate- s lanceolate, about 3 mni. long: pet-
als very inequiiateral: lip, with spur,
about 5 mm. long, the middle lobe a
E I ea Bi ase when spread o
sule ong, pr Eu ‘ribbed. —Low woods and hammocks,
Coastal Plain, N on Fla. to La. and Tex.—Sum
29. TROPIDIA Lindl. Caulescent somewhat woody herbs with fibrous
oots. Leaves with plieate blades ter-
minating long sheathing bases. Panicle
stalked. Perianth greenish-whit Lat-
eral sepals nearly equilateral. ge
somewhat smaller than the pd piod
curve Lip shorter than tal
with -a saccate base and a E
curved blade. Capsule sprea
out 5 species, widely wu in
the tropies.
1. T. au E: (Sw.) O. Ames. Stem
-5 al, branched: Qus ae
elliptic “to elliptie-lanceola ate,
lon ne, persisten aa eral a, linti
arl 6T pias
QUU
Or rly so, ng: petals a S mm. long: lip 44.5 mm long, c
a about the e: eapsule-body 9—14 mm. long. eae is oe
Benth. ee Everglde eye Fla.—(W. I.)—Spr.-
386 ORCHIDACEAE
30. MALAXIS Soland. Scapose herbs, with corms. Leaves mainly elon-
gate sheaths, the upper 1 or 2 bearing a dilated blade at the top. Flowers in a
terminal raceme. Perianth white or greenish. Lateral sepals N inequi-
a Lip broad,
a
cordate at the base, sometimes lobed at the apex. Capsule short. [Achro-
anthes Raf.]—About 140 species of a geographic distribution.—Suni.—fall.
—ADDERS-MOUTHS,
Lip with basal auricles : lateral sepals obtus
Lip with E lateral lobes projecting gd beyond the minute middle one: lateral
sepals much shorter than the li 1. M. unifolia.,
Lip with 2 broadly rounded lateral lobes shorter than the
middle one but broader: lateral sepal nearly as long as
the lip. 2. M. spicata
Lip without basal auricles: lateral sepals acuminate. 9. M. brachypoda.
1. M. unifolia Michx. Leaf usually solitary; blade elliptic, ovate or oval,
2-6 cm. long: scape 1-3 dm. tall: raceme stout: lateral sepals ovate or elliptic-
reen,
dle one: e
sule 5-6 mm. long. [Microstylis ophio-
dini dd Nutt. do uo woods, various
provin Ga. , Man. and Newf.
—( WI, Mex
2. M. spicata Sw. Leaves normally 2;
blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, 3-10 cm.
long: scape 1-3 dm. tall: raceme aad
ish: ied sepals geile or nearly s
about 3 mm. long, eae : lip brow hish
green, abo ut 3.5 m jon ng, promine neni
J at the ho. with a broad Pins
ti n ut bg mm. lon
g- A
stylis “florid Chapm. Malaz s florida ana Small|—Low or wet de
and stream- ba often in cci on. soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Va— (WV 1.)
3. M. e pea (A. Gray) Fernald. Leaf E blade elliptie to oval,
3-7 em. long: s 1-2 dm. tall: race Sa slen eral sepals lanceolate,
abut p mm. long, acuminate: lip 2—2.5 m ing, "greenish-whit not. auricled
at the base, with a reniform base and an acuminate tip: capsule 4-5 mm. long
—Woods and swamps, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., Minn., Que., EN Pa —
(Eurasia.)
31. LIPARIS L. C. Rich. Scapose green herbs, with corms. Leaves 2 or
more at the paso of the po with wide blades, accompanied by several seales.
owers in a terminal me. Perianth greenish. Lateral sepals narrow,
nearly db) Poss Tineas, elongate-linear or filiform, longer than the
i d Lip free, dilated, undulate or erose, sometimes with tubercles at the
base. Capsule erect. [Leptorchis Thouars.]—About 100 species, widely dis-
me in temperate and tropical regions.— T wAYBLADES.
Lip irse at the apex and abruptly pointed: petals narrowly linear to linear-
Lip wo an undulate blade 2.5-3.5 mm. wide: petals narrowly
linea 1. L. Loeselii.
Lip w with an erose blade 12-13 mm. wide: petals linear-filiform. 2. L. DOR
Lip cuneately dilated at the apex and notched : petals broadly linear. 3. L.e
ORCHIDACEAE | 387
1. L. Loeselii (L.) L. C. Rich. Leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic- op ee 5-17
em. long: scape 0.5—2 dm. tall: lateral sepals lanceolate, about 4 m . lon ng:
petals s 1. long: lip yellowish-
green, about 4 mm. long, the blade subor-
bicular, panel pointed: eapsule ellip-
soid, et roeky soil,
pra rarely Coastal Plain, Ala.
Mo., Sask., Ont., and N. S.—Spr.
2. L. liliifolia (L.) L. C. Rich. Leaf-
blades ovate to oval ‘or "elite. e
9—15 em. lon
: e
cuneate to subor bie ular, erose, abruptly
pointed: Hs clavate- elipsoid, 12-18 mm. long.— (RUSSET-WITCH. )—Rocky
woods and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to Ala., Mo., Minn. , and Me.—Spr.-
3. L. bns Lindl. Leaf-blades few, broad, elliptic, elliptic- aha 6-18 cm
long: scape 15-43 cm. tall: lateral sepals ov ate-ova al, abou ue . lon ng: petals
br ud linear, about 5.5 mm. long: lip dark-green or is ish, abou
long, the blade broadly euneate, notched at the apex: nne clavate- ellipsoi
or clavate- To 16-21 mm. long—Hammocks, S pen. Fla.—(W. I., C. A., S.
A.)—AlIl yea
32. TIPULARIA Nutt. Caulescent herbs, with grouped corms. Leaf
solitary, terminating the corm, decaying before the lateral scaly stem arises.
owers numerous, in a terminal raceme.
Perianth bro was Lateral sepals nearly
equilateral. Petals shorter and narrower
than the sepals. Lip free, with 2 broad
basal lobes and a narrow terminal lobe,
long-spurred. Capsule nodding.—Two
species, the following and one in the
Himalayas
T. unifolia (Muhl.
© i
P
ath: flower-sta Ik 3— 6 dm. tall:
lo re flowered: lateral sepals broadly
linear or elliptic-linear, 6-8 long:
petals broadly linear: lip are 7 mm. long, the eae lobes broad, toothea,
the terminal oo linear: spur slender: capsule 10-12 mm. long. [T. oid
Nutt.]— (ELFIN-SPUR. CRANEFLY-ORCHID.)— Woods, shaded banks, and ham
mocks, in acid soil, Coastal Plain and occasionally other p = to Tex., 3
Ind., N. Y., and N. J.—Sum.—The leaves last through the win
33. APLECTRUM Nutt. Caulescent herbs with a chain of corms. Lea
solitary, terminating the corm, decaying before the lateral scaly stem arises.
Flowers few in a terminal raceme. Perianth brownish-yellow, striped with
purple. Lateral sepals narrow, slightly
curved. Petals slightly longer than the
als. Lip dilated, 3-lobed, 3-ridged
above the claw, spurless. Capsule droop-
ing.—One species.
oe es Torr. Leaf au-
late: lip he blad
with 2 duum vs SR lobes and a
suborbieular erenulate middle lobe:
capsule 2-2.5 em. long.—(ADAM- AND-
EvE. PUTTY-ROOT.)— Woods, various prov
inces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Atk., Calif., Sask., Ont, and Vt.—Spr.
34. HEXALECTRIS Raf. Caulescent i: with. coral-like rootstocks.
Leaves scale-like. Flowers in a terminal raceme. Perianth brownish-yellow
an with light purple. Lateral sepals S dio than the median
Petals eurved, longer than the lat-
e sepals. Lip 3-lobed, with a crest
of several ridges, spurless. Capsule
drooping.—Two species, the following
and one in Mexico.
lH. ÉD pie pibus Stem
1-5 dm p me loosely-
flowered poa is ate, 16-
20 mm. long: petals Pec o.
lip 16-18 m mm. long, with a narrow base,
388 ORCHIDACEAE
wide lateral lobes and a crisped mid-
l
5i
er provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Mo., Ind., and Md.—(AMfez.)—Sum.—The
ae is devoid of roots and of SL E The pem and ae are brown
35. CORALLORRHIZA R. Br. Caulescent succulent e brownish
Or reddish herbs, with coral-like root-stocks. Leaves reduced t
e l ra Periant
narrowed at the base. Lip ted, the blade undulate or lobed. Capsule
nodding. ae ut 15 species, Ee distributed in wis north temperate zone.—
CORAL-ROOTS. CORAL-ORCHIDS.
Lip 3-lobed, the lateral lobes D or directed forward.
Lip deeply 3-lobed : spur prominen 1.
Lip shallowly 3- lobed : spur obsolete 2:
Lip not Te ps DH n erose or eris
Lip 4-8 mm. long, the blade obovate to suborbicula
Lip long-clawed ME clawless, "the blade no tehed: column
C.m
C. Co rM
broadly winged. 3. C. Wisteriana.
Lip short-clawed or clawless, the blade short-tipped :
- column ae 'rowly winged. 4. C. odontorrhiza.
Lip 3-3.5 mm. long, the blade elliptic, obtuse. 5. C. micrantha.
ORCHIDACEAE 389
. C. maculata Raf. Stem 2-5 dm. tall: raceme 5- 20 e m. long: lateral sepals
linear to linear-oblong, 6-9 mm. long: petals elliptic to elliptic- spatulate: lip
white with purple spots, 6-8 mm. long,
the blade with 2 prominent lateral lobes
and a suborbicular mid obe: cap
2—20 n C Itiflora Nutt
— Woods, various od rarely Coastal
Plain, Fla. to ex, Calif., B. C. Ont.
and N ewf. um.
2. C. i ees area (L.) Karst. Stem 1-3
dm. tall: e 2-10 em. long: lateral
SU linen Ps S DRE. -spatulate, 3-4 mm.
long: aus ind spatulate: lip white,
long, the blade with 2 shallow
m E be Ta the e and an
ovate middle lobe: capsule 8—10 mm. long.
LC. innata R. Br.]— AW oods, Blue Ridge,
to Md., and various provinces, Pa. to Wash., Alas, Ont, and Newf.—
(Eurasia. prom
C. Wisteriana Conrad. Stem 2-3.5 dm. tall: raceme 3-10 cm. long: lateral
sepals linear to linear-lanceolate, 6-8 mm. long: petals site. spatulate: lip
n with purple spots, 8-10 mm. long, the blade broadly oval to broadly obo-
vate, notched at the apex: capsule 9-11 mm. long.—Rie Pipe various prov-
inees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ind., and Pa. (or Mass.?).—Wint
4. C. odontorrhiza el. ie Ros 1-3 dm. tall: raceme 4—10 em. long:
lateral eee e or nea — mm. long: lip white with purple i.
4—4.5 long, t pon ‘uuborbicular, with erose-crisped margins and an
. igi pum tip: ene m m. long.—Woods, various provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Mich., and Me.—Spr.-
. C. micrantha s Stem 8-15 em. tall: raeeme 2—4 em. lon ng: iouis
sepals broadly linear to linear- est ae -9 mm. long: lip whitish, 3-3.5 m
E the blade elliptie , with erose sides and a roun ed apex: capsule 6-7 mm.
ong.—Woods, Coastal Plain, N Fla. and Ga.—Sum.—fall.
36. PLEUROTHALLIS R. Br. Epiphytie herbs. Leaves usually soli-
ary: blades thick. Flowers in gil spike-like racemes, or in clusters
Perianth usually pale, often white
green. Sepals converging or nearly oor
o or the lateral ones partly united.
et
als mostly shorter than the sepals.
Lip ins st smaller than the
petals. lu short. Capsule erect or
nodding hircus 400 species of tropical
America.
. gelida Lindl. Plant 1-3 dm. tall:
ead blade a e to * diliptie- qu.
lat —16 pd ng: oe stalks 1-3,
ud fro om t ur xil of a braet, 1-2 em
long: drea yellowish: i sepals
nearly line 5-5.5 long: petals
broadened a rd, 35-4 m mm. long: lip about 2 mm. long: capsule short-
stalked, the body ellipsoid, 9-11 mm. long .—Hammocks, Sw. pen. Fla.—(IV. I.)
390 ORCHIDACEAE
37. SPATHIGER Small. Epiphytie herbs with stiff, creeping stems and
branehes. Leaves mostly ascending or spreading, with rather narrow blades,
and sheathing bases. Flowers in the axils of clasping bracts. Perianth small
and inconspicuous. Lateral sepals broad, often wider than the median one.
Petals rather broad, scarcely dilated upward. Lip concave; blade ovate, sub-
orbicular, or reniform olumn short, ad adnate to the lip. Capsule ereet.
—About 10 species, of tropical Ameri
subtended by the bract.
Spike with the bracts separated: lip rounded at the apex: capsule ovoid, Er E
1. S. rigidus
Spike with the bracts imbricate : lip acute or acuminate: cap-
sule globose-ovoid, short-beaked, invested by the bract. 2. S. strobiliferus.
1. S. rigidus (Jaeq.) Small. Plant with creeping stem and branches 1-5
long: leaf-blades elliptic, sometimes narrowly so, 4—8 em. long: perianth green-
j ate or elliptic-ovate,
-7 m ng: petals broadly linear to
elliptic spatulate: lip ps ; blade 2-3
long, triangular-reniform to subor-
bicular, bearing callos ities near the base:
capsule 15-18 mm. long. [Epidendrum
E Jaeq.]—Hammocks, S pen. Fla.
— “Mex, C. d., S. 4.) —Bpr.
2. S. pedis PaT f.) Sm
Plant with cree and br c
0.5-3 dm. long: E: af- blades elliptic n
id linear or ~ earned 1-2.
ar ng: anth inly solls
lat "n eepal obliquely | ae: to
obliquely. Bod 3-4.5 long:
A
80 ns ast icted
near the base: lip white or whitish; blade 2-3 mm. long, ovate-cordate, unap-
pendaged: capsule 5-7 mm. long. LEpidendrum S 10 Reichenb. f.l—
Hammocks, S pen. Fla.—( W. I., C. A., S. 4.) —Spr.
38. AMPHIGLOTTIS Salisb. SU pk herbs with erect or ee
often tufted, stems. Leaves ascending or spreading, with broad or na
blades, and sheathing bases, Bs lower portion of P» stem often merely E
and sometimes thickened after the manner of an elongate pseudobulb.
ers in a terminal open or contracted raceme or ns usually long- uera
Perianth rather large, often showy. Lateral sepals obtuse, acute, or attenuate,
often elongate. Petals spa cua or slender and attenuate. Lip relatively
large, entire or fimbriate, the middle lobe wanting, minute or elongate. Col-
mn elongate, wholly adnate je the lip-base. Capsule drooping.—About 80
species of tropical America.
Lip with 2 spreading lateral lobes and a broad middle lobe.
Blade of the T about as broad as long, the middle lobe about as large as the
lateral o .
Sepals Hob "ribbed, the lateral ones spatulate: lip with 2
appendages at the base: column slender 1
Sepals ribbed, the lateral ones falcate- Oae: lip unap-
endaged : column stou 2
Blade of e lip much e oa long, the middle lobe much m .
smaller than the lateral one 3. A. difformis.
Lip with 2 lateral lobes directed forward and a slender elon-
gate middle lobe. 4
. A. conopsea.
. A. anceps.
. A. nocturna.
ORCHIDACEAE 391
A. conopsea (Ait.) Small. Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblong to
elliptic- -lanceolate, 3-8 em. long: pea stalk slender: flowers fragrant: perianth
green and often purple- tinged: lateral sepa =
spatulate, 8— x m. Jong: pet a near-spa
late, 8-10 m e ng: lip g blade 5-6
mm. long, with 2 broad Ton mes and a
slightly narrower -—— lobe: Praes id
15-20 mm. long. iden
seum Ait.]— (GREEN- Un OR il Ha m
mocks and river ped mostly on live-oaks
and magnolias, or rarely on rocks, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La. AN ae tie
2. (Jaeq. i Britton. Plant 1.5 dm
tall: de M mainly elliptie to elliptic-
—18 em. lon
E perianth greenish or purple-green: lat-
ral dise Cue obligue o a ely
trune s apex, 6-7 mm. long: petals spatulate, often broadly so, 5.5-6.5
c ^i eh ostly green; bl "a 5-6 mm. long, with 2 broad rounded lateral
bes and a middle notched lobe: capsule- -a 13-15 mm. one [Epidendrum
anceps Jaeq.]—Hammocks, S pen. Fla.—(W. I.)—AMW y
3. A. difformis (J pe p Plant 1—3.5 dm. tall: i. porn d or
nearly so, 4—8 em anth green: lateral sepals m oblique,
sometimes broadly he. ies , 12-15 mm. E blag e i 8 mm.
ong, iform t bieular-reniform, with broad rounded lateral lobes and
] nd a
short notched middle lobe: capsule-body 13-16 mm. long.. [Epidendrum
difforme Jacq. E. umbellatum Sw.]—Hammoeks, S pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mez.,
C. A., S. A.)—Sum.—fall
A. nocturna (L.) Britton. Plant 3-11 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptie to
broadly ee 8-16 2 . long: per id showy: lateral sepals linear-attenuate,
40—60 mm. long, green: petals than the sepals: lip white; blade with
2 ovate or elliptic- bore ateral [rn di reeted forward and a linear-setaceous
nd lobe 35-50 mm. long: eapsule-body 3—5 em. Sous [Epidendrum noc-
m L.]—Ham mocks, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I. Mex., C. A.,
id. )—Sum.—fall —The flowers are fragrant, especially at night.
39. ENCYCLIA Hook. Epiphytic herbs with terete pseudobulbs which
bear several erect or arching elongate leaves and a scaly elongate branched
flowering stem at the apex. Flowers nodding,
subtended by ete bracts. Perianth often
conspicuous. eral a pe broad,
usually about as iie he
Petals usually of a uada Sag E
o
lateral ones. Column slightly adnate to the
lip. Capsule drooping, ribbed.—About 75
species, of tropical and subtropical America.
. tampensis (Lindl.) Small. Plant 1.5-
, 8-2
ically br Bo Mem sepa 17 20 m
long, slightly broadened upward, green, tinged wi h brown: petals spatulate,
deeper brown-shaded than the sepala: lip white, Au 3 putpie or magenta spots;
392 ORCHIDACEAE
blade 15-17 mm. long, the lateral lobes oblong-lanceolate, the middle lobe orbicu-
lar or reniform-orbieular: capsule-body 25-30 mm. lon zd LECA tampense
Lindl]—Hammocks, pen. Fla. and (lio Ke Mar E
40. EPICLADIUM Small. Epiphytic herbs with short flattened pseudo-
bulbs which bear several short erect leaves and a relatively a mostly simple
flowering stem which is subtended by a long foliaceous spat Flowers erect
or ascending, subtended by minute bracts. Perianth small, bat asi y. Lateral
he
the blade usually rhombic. Column partly
adnate to the lip. Capsule nodding,
winged.—One species.
1. E. Boothianum (Lindl.) Small. Plant
1-2 dm. tal, with flattened subor-
bicular pseudobulbs: leaf-blades spatu-
ate, 6-12 cm. long: flower-stem simple:
lateral sepals 11-13 mm. long, elliptic
or slightly broadened upward: petals
broadly spatulate, brown- spotted po
the sepals: lip yellow or ma
blade rhombic, 4-6 mm. long, the pou lateral lobes spreading; capsule-body
5-30 mm. long. D ndrum Boothianum Lindl.]—Hammocks, S pen. Fla.
and the Keys.—(W. I
1. ANACHEILIUM Hoffmg. Epiphytic herbs with elongate flattened
ive which bear several elongate erect leaves and a simple flowering
pex. Flowers nodding, subtended by often lanceolate bracts.
E be wsuslly E Latera sepals narrow and elongate, usually attenu-
ate, resembling t Pet-
als us ually slightly pomi pum the
cave and cl —' like, entire. Column
partly adnate to the lip. — droop-
ing, wing-angled.—One spec
1. A. cochleatum (L.) Hoffmg. Plant
2-5 dm. fre ri phum linear or
nearly so, 1.5 flower-stem
simple: m sce 25-80 s long.
p e and nuate: lip
rown urplish ; blade pce -reni-
form, 16-80 mm. on ng, E eed
-30 lon
ng. B
[Epidendrum | cochleatum L.]—(Or LAMSHELL- koe )—Hammocks, pen. Fla.
and the Keys.—(W. I.)—Fall-spr. or all yea —In the Florida plant the
eolumn bears three anthers instead of dd as found in the West Indian plant.
It has been named A. cochleatum triandr
42. HOR Lindl. Epiphytie herbs with creeping stems. Leaves
spreading, the blades relatively narrow. Flowers in terminal clusters which
are subtended by an involucre of leaf-like bracts. Perianth inconspicuous.
ORCHIDACEAE 393
Lateral sepals mostly narrow and shorter than the median one. Petals much
smaller than the sepals. Lip relatively small,
with 2 large lateral lobes and a very sma -
dle lobe. da nodding.—Seven species, in
tropical Amer
. pygmaeum (Hook.) Benth. & Hook. Stems
scaly with old leaf-bases: leaf-blades elliptic or
nearly so, 2.5—7.5 em. long: perianth, except the
lip, green: sepals acuminate, the lateral ones
5—
li
with rose, the lateral lobes ovate or oval: capsule-
body 12-15 mm. long, winged. [H. tripterum
(Brongn.) Cong. Eo e S pen. Fla.—
(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
3. BASIPHYLLAEA Schlechter. Caulescent herbs, with clustered fleshy
tubers. Leaves various, the basal ones with firm narrow plicate blades, the
cauline mere A e scales. Flowers erect, several, ipid to scale-like
bracts. Peria mainly rose-purple. Sepals nearly equal, r than the
petals. ci phos narrower than the sepals. Lip short, E slightly
Capsule erect. [Carteria Small, not Franzé]—
‘Two species in Florida and the West Indies.
1. B. corallicola (Small) Ames. Stem 2—3.5 dm
tall: basal leaves 2-7 em. long; blades oe
linear, narrowed at both ends: flow
ro sepals linear-lanceolate to broadiy linear,
-7.5 mm. long: lip oval to orbicular-oval, 6—
aJ
m. long, h middle lobe much larg han the
lateral pas Cona t seen mature. al-
licola Smal 1) Rocky Pinelands, Everglade
Keys, Tle —(W. I)—Wi nt.—Although the
plants are apparently pouce they bloom only
at intervals of several y
44. POLYSTACHYA Hook. Epiphytie herbs. Leaves several, approxi-
mate at the base of the flower-stalk. Flowers in a terminal panicle. Perianth
mainly yellow. Lateral sepals broad, adnate to
the long column-foot. Petals narrow. Lip di-
lated, 3-lobed, jointed to the column-foot, folded
up against the edges of the lateral sepals. Cap-
sule nodding.—About 170 species, mostly of
tropical regions.
1. P. minuta (Aubl.) Britton. Stem 1-6 dm
ca blades of X lower reps leaves elliptic
394 ORCHIDACEAE
Hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex. C. A., S. A.)—Al
45. BLETIA R. & P. Caulescent herbs with corms. Leaves several from
the top of ae corm, mostly atte until after the lateral flower-stem arises.
Flowers in a terminal raceme with minute bracts. Perianth mainly pink or
purplish. id pons slightly inequilat-
eral. Petals quite similar to the lateral se-
pals. Lip wide, crested, 3-lobed, the middle |
lobe crisped. Capsule mostly ereet.—About “æ MGA S 05
45 species, mostly of tropical America.
1. B. purpurea (Lam.) DC. Leaf-blades
e d Mese to linear-elliptie, 1.5-3.
An
«i,
oy
long, attenuate: flower-stalk 3-11 dm . tall: E
lateral sepals elliptie-ovate : — elliptic, XE
1-16 mm. long, abruptly acuminate: pet 5
a or ee oval, barely as long as the sepals (3
lobes and a erisped and create mid
lobe: capsule 34 e long. LB. VT R. Br.]—Pinelands, pen. Fla. and
the Keys.—(W. I., C. A.)—A1l year. An epiphytic form E on the bases
of cypress trunks, EA and ‘‘knees’’ in the Big Cypress Swamp, has ap-
p T eleistogamous flowers with the lip nearly pond a the two lateral
pet
46. CYRTOPODIUM R. Br. Epiphytie herbs. Leaves borne on a short
club-like pseudobulb, from the base of which arises the lateral flower-stalk.
owers in a terminal panicle. Perianth oid brown or yellowish. Lateral
dS aute broad. Petals longer than
sepals. Lip wider than long, the lateral e
larger than the middle one, the claw jointed
to the slender column-foot. Capsule oe
—Three species, natives of tropical Ameri
1. C. punctatum (L.) Lindl. Pseudobulbs 1.5—
4 dm. long: leaf- 2 broadly Wide
3-7 dm. lon ng: flower-stalks 8-15 dm. long: per
anth SEIL pb brown spotted: jen
sepals oval or dL : petals.
4 mm. wide, the middle lobe o with a
rgin, T
: am-
mocks, S pen. Fla. ape the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. 7 S. A.)—Spr.—In mas-
siveness second only to Oncidiwm e wm. Plants with as many as 200
pseudobulbs have jo found. Specimens are a on sand-dunes and
kitehen-middens half way up the m eoast of Fla.
47. TRIORCHOS Small & Nash. Caulescent herbs with corms. Leaves
several, arising from the corm before the lateral flower-stalk. Flowers in a
erminal raceme with elongate bracts. Perianth mainly brown. Lateral sepals
curved, slightly adnate to the column-foot. Petals nearly equilateral, shorter
ORCHIDACEAE 395
than the lateral sepals. Lip fully as wide as long, crestless, 3-lobed, the lateral
lobes spreading. Capsule erect.— Only the fol-
lowi Pe
wing species
1. T. ecristatus (Fernald) Small. Leaf- blades
. lon
linear to narrowly linear-elliptie, dm
flower-stalk virgate, 4—21 dm. tall: Jaieral sepa
elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 9— ong:
petals usually nee -lanceolate, 7-8 1 mm. de
lip 7-8 mm , the d à lobe pus pud
than the hos lobes: c apsul t2c
long. [Cyrt opodium Wobdfordii- uin FL)
C. ecristatum Fer soar aaa and scrub,
pen. Fla.—(W. I. = —Sum
48. PLATYPUS Small & Nash. Cauleseent herbs with corms. Leaves
several from the top of oad corm, persisting until the lateral flower-stalk arises.
Flowers in a terminal raceme with small bracts. Perianth mainly brown and
purple. Lateral sepals bns dilated upward,
broader than the median one, decurrent to the
base of the forked column-foot. Petals shorter
than the lateral sepals, less decurrent. Lip con-
cave at the base, papillose-crested, shallowly
| oping apsule
mostly drooping.—One sp
1. P. altus (L.) Small. Leaf-blades narrowly
linear-elliptie to almost linear, 2-8 dm. long:
e —19 boo Mem T Tiptie
r nearly s 14-16 ong: cod
than the lateral nhe "lip 16-18 m eir
middle lobe 8-10 mm. wide, Papillon. crested:
. lon
diia -ellipsoid, 3-4 em. long. [P. papilliferu
Small & Nash ]—Moist sand e rich soil, Do qns E ^ Everglades and Big
econ BE Fla.—(W. I., C. A., S. A —Fa
49. MACRADENIA R. Br. Epiphytie caulescent herbs, with pseudo-
bulbs. Leaves terminating the pseudobulb from the base of which arises the
w
mainly yellowish or salmon-colored. edian
sepal boat-shaped. Lateral sepals slightly in-
equilateral. Petals nearly like the lateral sepals,
slightly smaller. Lip sessile, with 2 broad basal
lobes and 1 narrow middle lobe.—Five species,
of tropieal Ameriea. MILLE
1. M. lutescens R. Br. Pseudob
Me pid ous n linear to Alipte linear f^
Ps Ene: flower-stalk mostly sorter Ld Wr
han o lea D ind pur np
dro UY
a piis voltiptic. -lanceolate, 8—9.
lip 8-10 mm. long, the lateral "obes us gi N body terminated with
396 ORCHIDACEAE
e. linear-lanceolate middle lobe: capsule- Pu UR. 2-2.5 em.
mmocks, Everglade Keys, Fla —(W. I., S. A.) —Wint.—Mo s aiu m in
Royal Pa Im Hammock; it also occurs in neighboring E.
50. IONOPSIS H. B. K. Epiphytie caulescent herbs. Leaves approxi-
mate at the base of the terminal flower-stalk. Flowers in a terminal paniele.
Perianth mainly white, pink, or lavender. Lat-
eral sepals united at ne base and produced into
a short spur. Petals larger than the lateral
sepals. Lip ius large, with " small Jateral $
lobes and a dilated notehed middle lobe with 2
tubercles at its base. us drooping.—Nine
species, of tropical Americ
I. utricularioides Lindl. Plant 1.5-6 dm
A owered: lateral sepals lanceolate, 5-6 |j
m. long: petals elliptic, 6-7 mm. long: lip 11- |
13 mm. long, the middle lobe fey as wide:
capsule 2-3 em. long, beaked.—Hammocks,
pen. Fla—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) —Spr.—Restrieted mostly to low ham-
mocks in the Big er Swamp. The perianth is typically lilac; but white
orms sometimes 0
51. BRASSIA Lindl. Epiphytie caulescent herbs with flat pseudobulbs
which arise from several imbricate scales. Leaves terminating the pseudo-
bulbs from the base of which arise ascending or assurgent flower-stalks. Flow-
ers in lax raceme-like spikes. Perianth large and showy, the yellow parts
more or less mottled. Lateral sepals greatly elongate, caudate-acuminate,
nearly ada. bes Mar r than the median one. Petals nearly similar
to the sepals o and d wider. Lip much shorter than
- sepals, Ww ae a pnl) alie body a
ow tip. Columns very short. Capsule pc
Me the body 3-sided, 3-ribbed, beaked.—
out 30 species, natives of tropieal America.
1. B.caudata (L.) Lindl. Plant owed 2
the pseudobulbs d b laneeolate, mostly
em. long: leaves 2 rer blades broadly
linear to m -spatult 2—4 . long: spike
lax, the flow "the pos light- yellow
spotted with i SHE sepals 6—14 cm. long,
eaudate-attenuate from a lanceolate base: petals
lanceolate, acuminate: lip 2.5-3 em. lon ng acumi-
nate at the tip, sessile: capsule 5. 5-8 e . long,
the body se Eor or nne “ellipsoid, with a a stipe-like base
and a shor 2 nd stouter beak.—( SPIDER- -ORCHID.)—Hammocks, Everglade
Keys, Fla (Wee ., Mex "C. A ps us —Spr.—Rare in a fey SEU mmo ocks on the
Biscayne pineland ‘and Long Key pineland; often growing "with pur ccm
which it resembles in habit.
. ONCIDIUM Sw. Epiphytie or sometimes terrestrial herbs, with
pseudobulbs. Leaves with broad or narrow and elongate blades, terminating
ORCHIDACEAE) 397
the pseudobulb, from the base of which arises the flower-stalk. Flowers in a
raceme or panicle. Perianth mostly showy, the parts often mottled. Lateral
adin
sepals slightly inequilateral, reflexed or spreading. Petals often quite similar
to the sepals. Lip crested, clawless or short-clawed, 3-lobed, the middle lobe
larger than the lateral ones. Capsule nodding.—Fully 400 species, natives of
tropical and subtropical i —Spr.
Leaf-blades flat or nearly so, the faces not united: lateral sepals
separate. I. UNDULATA.
Leaf-blades equitant, the faces united : lateral sepals coherent. II. VARIEGATA.
I. UNDULATA
AER short and wide, thick-coriaceous and stiff: sepals
i B obtuse or notched: pseudo bulbs very small
Or E SO
Median Ped cuneate : lateral lobes of the lip knob-like. 1. O. undulatum.
Median sepal with a reniform, orbicular, or ovate blade:
lateral lobes of the lip broad and flat.
sa Daae greatly elongate, thin. -coriaceous and pliable: .
sepals and petals acute or acuminate: a large. 3. O. floridanum.
to
. O. carthaginense.
II. VARIEGATA
Tufted plant with curved keeled leaves a a slender flower-
stalk. 4. O. variegatum.
1. O. undulatum E Salisb. oe 1-2 em. long: leaf-blades Rd
o 25-60 em. long: flower-stalk 110—220 em. long: perianth mainly
range mottled with bp MAN eer sepals
b ov 0 va
the b pus obovate to cuneate: lip 18—
wide sule-body 5- long, ellipsoid or
ecl pe LO. guttatum Reichenb. P
wd Ani — (W. I., Mez., C. A.,
the sepals, the blade ias lip fully 11-12
m. long, the jar pe lobe mostly 7-9 mm. wide:
MuR UE ns lo ee vied -EAGLE ORCHID.)—Hammocks, Cape Sable
region, Fla (v. T , Mez., C. A., S. A.)
3. O. floridanum Ames. Pseudobulbs ovoid, 8-12 em. long: leaf-blades linear,
25—110 em. long: flower-stalk 85—210 E AE perianth mainly yellow mottled
wn: lateral sepals 15-16 mm. long, the blades elliptie-lanceolate:
12: iar lip 13-1
mm. long, the middle lobe 11-13 mm. wide: eapsule-body 2-3 em. long, ellip-
soid. [O. sphacelatum SE. U. S.]—Hammocks and ra pinelands,
Everglade Keys and Cape Sable r region, Fla.—(W. I., Mea. Pu S. re
Typically an epiphytic mete plant. R arely a terrestrial i in pine ands on are
where at no remote date hammocks cee The hammock plants ns Media
larger leaves, but the uc. from the two habitats are identical in structure.
4. O. variegatum (Sw.) Willd. Pseudobulb minute or slender: leaf-blades
curved, 3—7 em. long, 2-keeled above: flower-stalk 9-35 em. long: peri d
mainly white and greenish marked with purple and brown: lateral sepa di
mm. UE the blades spatulate; petals about 8 mm. long, the blades Ru
or orbieular-obovate: lip 10-12 mm. long, the middle lobe 15-21 mm. wide:
UR body ellipsoid, 7 5-2 em. long Mur un S pen. Fla.—(W. I.)
398 ORCHIDACEAE
53. HARRISELLA Fawcett & Rendle. Epiphytic herbs consisting chiefly
of roots. Leaves minute scales or obsolete. Flowers borne in lax slender
als narrower and rather longer than the lateral
sepals. Lip sessile at the base of the column,
with a globular spur. Capsule stipitate. — Four
species, natives of tropical America.
1. H. d ea qd f.) Fawcett & Rendle.
Roots matted t 1 mm. thick: flower-stalk
very slender, Ae ae Hes o and inconspicu-
ous: peria anth yellowish-green: lateral sepals
ovate, about 2.5 mm. long: blade of the lip Fi
or rbicular when flattened m eapsule-body ova
4.5-6 mm. long. [Harrisella Amesiana Gong.
—Hammocks and pee che en.
(W. I., Mez., C. A.)—Spr. —Often on ine trunk of conifers, Sabina and Taz-
odium, 'as well as on various angiospermous
54. CAMPYLOCENTRUM Benth. Epiphytie herbs consisting chiefly
of roots. Leaves with thick blades or mere minute scales. Flowers borne in
a stiff spike. Perianth minute or inconspicuous..
Lip partially adnate to the column-foot, usually
saecate at the base. Capsule sessile.—A bout 20
species, natives of tropical America.
1. C. pd Aider f.) Rolfe. Roots
several m k: flower-stalk in dod piss
uous: per
abo
elliptie- lanceolate when flattened out: caps
ellipsoid, a m. long.—Hammocks, SW
Fla. —(W. d "i )—$pr. —Usually on dis Dopod trees.
55. POLYRRHIZA Pftz. Epiphytie herbs with clusters of roots. Leaves
scale-like or obsolete. Flowers solitary or few terminating the short scape.
Perianth showy, often white. Lateral sepals
urv
Lip sessile, 3-lobed, the middle lobe again 3-
lobed, the lateral lobes angular: spur elongate.
Capsule linear-cylindrie.—Four species, wholly
West Indian, except the following.
1. P. Lindenii .(Lindl.) Cong. Stem 4-1
long, scaly: perianth conspicuous: itera sepals
li 1 at
late spreading segments 5-10 em. RUE ; : ur
15 ¢ o
linea 5-8 em. lo ong, bed. [De EA E ula
a Benth .]—CW He BUTTERFLY-ORCHID.
PALM-POLLY.)—-On tree- ub. S pen. Fla.—(W. I.)—Spr.—Restricted out
SAURURACEAE 399
to the Big Cypress Swamp. Most aap eee in the royal-palm hammocks where
it occurs on oe rough-barked trees, well as on the trunks of the royal-
palms. The e a see flattened worm- Tike Mens are supplied with chlorophyll
and function as lea
A species of the genus Lepanthes has recently been found growing o
trees in the Big Cy ypress Swamp. This genus is related to Pleurothallis, but
differs in the perianth in which B Rn of the n and lip are adnate to ne
base of the column. The pla mall, 3-5 cm. tall, cespitose, the stem
pubescent, al with Ede -like, ciliate shea ths and o ne leaf: leaf- blade
elliptic to oval, 1.5-2 cm. long, with a callous margin and a minute callous tip.
SUBCLASS 2. DICOTYLEDONES — DICOTYLES
tems exogenous, consisting of pith, wood, and bark (endog-
enous in rare cases): pith of parenchymatous cells: wood in one or
several layers surrounding the pith, traversed by medullary rays:
bark covering the wood. Leaves various: blades mostly pinnately
or palmately veined, their bases, or the bases of the petioles articu-
lated. Perianth and essential parts of the flower rarely in threes
or sixes. Embryo with two cotyledons. The first leaves (coty-
ledons) are opposite.
SERIES 1. CHORIPETALAE
Petals a distinct from each other, or wanting. The
series embraees most the families formerly included in the
APETALAE and the Pa
ORDER PIPERALES — PIPERAL ORDER
s of wet or moist places, or hammocks, usually with rootstocks,
or shrubs or trees. Leaves with simple blades. Flowers perfect or uni-
sexual. Perianth wanting. Androecium of several stamens. Gynoe
of 1, or of'several distinct or united earpels. Fruit baccate, drupaceous,
capsular, or nut-like. |
Carpels distinct or nearly so, 3-4: ovules 2-8 in each cavity. Fam. 1. SAURURACEAE.
Carpels united to form a single pistil: ovule 1 in each cavity. Fam. 2. PIPERACEAE.
FAwmiLYy 1. SAURURACEAE — LIZARD’S-TAIL FAMILY
Perennial herbs with rootstocks. e pud Ro basal.
Flowers spieate or racemose. Androec of 3-8 s ns. ynoecium
r 4 distinct or nearly distinct Porn Stirmas simple. Fruit
capsular —Three genera and 4 species, natives of North America and
Asi
1. SAURURUS L. Aquatic or marsh herbs. Leaf-blades sea gs
branous, cordate. Raceme with a drooping tip, the bractlets adna e
pedicels or ovaries. Pistils 3 or 4. Mature ids veiny, opening uon
—Two species, the following and one in Asia.
400 PIPERACEAE
1. S. cernuus L. Stems 3-12 dm. tall: leaf-
the base, 8-15 em. , acuminate, petioled
racemes 1-2 dm. long: filame elavate,
mm. long: fruit depressed, the
earpels about 2 mm. high—(Li ARD'S-
TAIL.)—Swamps, wet woods, streams, and
cng various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Minn., Ont., and R. I.— — Spr. —Sum.—The in-
orescence is white or creamy- -whit he
flowe re fr en nt. The rootstocks are
very onus
Famity 2. PIPERACEAE — Psprrr FAMILY
rbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades mostly fleshy or leathery.
nd
3 or rarely more united carpels, the ovary l-celled. Fruit Aa iaa E
About 6 genera we over 1000 species, mostly in the tropies
Flowers and p (bracts) separated on the rachis: berries
distant, beakle 1. MICBOPIPER.
Flowers and scales (bracts) contiguous on the rachis: berries
crowded into a solid mass on the rachis, beaked. 2. RYNCHOPHORUM.
1. MICROPIPER Miq. E sueculents with annual erect stems
from horizontal stoloniferous o ae mostly opposite, deciduous:
blades soft-fleshy and rather thin, Su cues Spikes loosely-flowered. Rachis
not honeycombed. Flowers i fruits ie on the rachis. Ovary rounded
at the apex, topped by the tufted stigma. Bracts peltate, scale-like. Stamens
2. Berry beakless, not immersed in the rachis, very viscid—About 60 species,
mostly in tropical regions.—WILD-PEPPERS. PEPEROMIAS.—The inflorescence
is green.
Blades of the upper leaves oval, varying to ovate, or obovate:
bractlets crenulate. 1. M. leptostachyon.
Blades of the upper leaves elliptic, varying to elliptic-ovate or
elliptic-obovate : bractlets even-edged. 2. M. humile.
1. M. R (Nuit.) Small. Terrestrial, the stems mostly 1-
e tall: blades of the lower irum leaves obdeltoid to broadly cuneate, 3-6
. long, founded truneate, or emarginate,
shini ing above: spikes about 1 mm. thick,
mostly 2-8 cm. long: bracts fully 0.5 m
long: berry obovoid. [Piper leptostachyon
Nutt. Peperomia leptostachya Chapm.
cumaulicola | Small]-— Moe cam _and
aboriginal village ast
ud i rn Va ‘along m ‘Withinoochee
Riv Fla.—Wint.—Abundant only o
well "drained shell mounds oad die non
on a light hum
2. M. humile (Vahl) Small. Terrestrial,
the stems mostly 2-7 dm. tall: blad of
the lower eauline leaves ee varying to
broader above the middle or below it, or
individually pan aie 1-5 e "long, rounded,
PIPERACEAE 401
obtuse, or aeutish, dull d e: spikes about 2 mm. thick, mostly 5-12 em.
long: braets less than 1 mm. long: berrry in uh ovoi [Pe peromia humilis
Vahl|—Hammoeks, pen. Fla. —(W. I)— —Win hrives s equally well in the
marl of the Cape Sable region whieh is PC i ut half of each year and
on the a dunes of the eastern coast which are dry except for the rain that
falls ther
2. RHYNCHOPHORUM (Miq.) e Coriaceous perennials with
diffusely creeping stems, sometimes vine Leaves alternate, persistent:
blades firm-succulent and thick, glabrous. ae closely and densely-flowered.
Rachis honeyeombed. Flowers and fruits partly imbedded in deep pits of the
rachis. Bracts peltate. Stamens 2. Ovary narrowed at the apex, terminated
by a lon "d beak bog has a minute stigma near its base. Berry beaked,
art rachis, not viscid or us slightly so.—About 60
Species, Ud. Pea in the tropics.—PEPEROMIAS.—The inflorescence
is green.
Leaf-blades obovate, varying to oval, ovate, or suborbicular, or cuneate-obovate : spikes
stout, stiffly erect, mostly simple: berry with a body of a
cylindric type. I. OBTUSIFOLIA.
Leaf-blades m cuneate to spatulate: spikes slender, nod-
x mostly nched: berry with a body of an ovoid or an
zal type. II. SPATHULIFOLIA.
I. OBTUSIFOLIA
Mn E d cuneate-obovate, clus about 1 dm.
lon 1. R. obtusifolium.
Leaf-blades b picativ oval to suborbicular, varying es pees
above the middle or below it, less than 1 dm. lon 2. R. floridanum.
PATHULIF
Terrestrial humus- herbs with cuneate to mines Taide
and branching nodding pale spikes. 3. R. spathulifolium.
1. R. obtusifolium (L.) Smal. Epiphytie, the stems very stout, the branches
often elongate and vine-like: leaf-blades spatulate-obovate or broadly cuneate,
tapering to the long petiole-like base, 9—15
em. long; inflorescence rather long-stalked,
i i 12 em.
A. Dietr.]]—Low hammocks, on tr Merian
or ee logs, Cape Sable t ue Romano
Regions, Fla. — (W. I.) — — The
larges PERO most robust Pi ve pons
Plants Bom se aromatic in drying. Oc-
urs only in the marl r egions, and grows
ieee only in low ne that are
flooded part of each yea
2. R. floridanum Small. Epiphytie, the stems stout, the branches ofte
matted, elongate, sometimes vine-like: le d blades ovate to su uborbiewlar,
broadest above the middle or below it, 4-9 c m. long, abruptly or rather gra
ally narrowed to the petiole-like pos infloresce ence with a short pen t Sc
ps usually a single denti erect stout gees less than 1 dm. d the rachis
mm. thick or less: berry cylindric-ovoid or cylindric, about 1 mm. long, the
beak slightly shorter than the body, hooked. [Peperomia nagna roto
26
402 CASUARINACEAE
(Chapm. Fl) P. floridana Small]—High limestone sae cks, on tree-trunks
and rotten logs, S pen. Fla., and the Keys.—All yea —Like the preceding
somewhat aromatie in dim Occurs only in the oGlitie limestone region,
and grows luxuriantly only in the dry hammocks.
3. R. spathulifolium Small. Terrestrial, ce a in humus, the stems
rather stout, the br e elongate, often 1-2 long, creeping and as-
uidi ent: leaf- blades narrowly cuneate to D. 6—11 cm. long, petes
gre n inflorescence with a slender, 2. ipd dt spikes slender, 1-2
dm. long, 2-5 oe nodding, t ge les n 2-5 mm. thiek: berry
et the body ovoid or oval, nea m] c ‘the beak strongly ail
or hooked. (Peperomia spathulifolia Small] — Hamm mocks, in humu
stone, Everglade Keys, Fla—(W. I.)—All year.—Our rarest species aa p
plants most i08 in drying.
OrpER CASUARINALES — CASUARINAL ORDER
Shrubs or trees, with loosely jointed branches, resembling stems of
Leaves seale-like, whorled at the nodes and decurrent on the
internodes. Flowers monoecious, the staminate in slender terminal spikes
with imbricate bracts, often with a posterior and anterior perianth-
member, and 1 stamen. Pistillate flowers in dense cones or spikes, the
perianth wanting. Ovary l-eelled. Style-branches slender. Fruit an
aggregate of winged achenes.
FAMILY 1. CASUARINACHAE — BEEFwoop FAMILY
tems with more or less whorled branches. Staminate spikes long-
stalked. Pistilate spikes short-stalked. Gynoecium 2-carpellary. —The
following is the only genus; the 25 species are most abundant in Austral-
asia.
1. CASUARINA Adans. Stem clothed with a smooth or smoothish
bark, except when very old. Stamens with long filaments and short anthers.
Stigmas elongate. Fruiting spike compact.
equisetifolia a pd often 10 m. tall, with many slender
branches leaves (scales) 1-3 m ong, 6-8 in each whorl: staminate spikes
1-4 em. long: p EE spikes globular , be-
i " 2 em. in diameter in fruit: seed-
wing nearly thriee as long as the bo
(BEEFWOOD. AUSTRALIAN-PINE. HORSETAIL-
TREE. )—S shore ipo ev
glades and hammocks, Fla., par-
ticularly S of Miami, and the cum Nat.
of Oeeaniea.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., 8.-A.)—
Established in quite “out of the way p
through the agencies of wind and w
The wind blowing through the numerous
rushing
e chlet roduces
sound as in the case of the pine. The tree
grows rapidly, but produces a very hard
ood.
JUGLANDACEAE 403
ORDER JUGLANDALES — JUGLANDAL ORDER
Trees. Leaves alternate: blades pinnate. Flowers monoecious, the
staminate in lateral aments on the twigs of the preceding year, with a
2-6 lobed calyx bearing several rows of stamens, or the calyx obsolete.
Pistillate flowers terminal, consisting of an involucrate 2—4-carpellary
gynoecium: calyx partially adnate to the gynoecium. Fruit drupe- like,
the nut enclosed in an indehiscent or a dehiscent involuere. Seed oily.—
Seven genera and about 40 species, mostly in the north temperate zone.
Famity 1. JUGLANDACEAE — WanNuT FAMILY
Aromatie trees, with hard wood. Leaves with unequally p
blades. ‘Stamin ate med solitary or clustered. Involucre of t ruits
dry or juiey.—The wood 2 = of the species is used in tne: ne
construction, and impleme
Staminate aments stout, simple, sessile or short-stalked: husk indehiscent: nut
sculptured. 1. WALLIA.
Staminate aments slender, branched, long-stalked : husk dehiscent: nut
not sculptured. 2. II1cOnRIA.
ALLIA Alef. Bark furrowed. Pith in plates. Leaflets condupli-
cate in vernation. Staminate aments simple. Anther-connective conspicu-
ous.—About 8 species, natives of North America, West Indies, and the Andes
of South America.—Spr.—WALNUTS.—The genus Juglans to which the d
ican walnut and the butternut are usually referred is typified by J.
which is generically distinct.
Sn connective a rounded tip; fruit elongate, viscid-pubescent :
ut 4-anglec 1. W. cinerea.
Rice. Connectisd erown-like: fruit not elongate, glabrous: nut not
angled. 2. W. nigra.
W. cinerea (L.) Alef. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the heartwood m
leaflets 11-17, the blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, 6-8 em
o y t 6-
th
ridges tee ms brittle. uglans cinerea
L. |— (BuT UT. WHITE-WALNUT. OIL-
Num S M various provinces, N
oe E ei B Ga. to Ark., N. Dak.,
—A valuable tree for nuts and
CR kd
dut
2. W. nigra (L.) Alef. Tree becoming
50 m. tall the heart-wood a brown
ades 8-1
e 15-23, the ble long,
ounded o r subcordate at the on stami-
em ame 9— n. long: it 5-8 e
in diameter: nut 4-e below the middle,
t 4-celled
undue the E pen thick, firm. [Juglan
a L.]—(BLACK-WALNUT. \— Rich soil, ori in woods, various provinces,
"Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Mass.—A very valuable ‘tree, both for nuts
and wood.
404 JUGLANDACEAE
2. HICORIA RBaf. Bark close or m Pith solid. Leaflets involute
in vernation. Staminate aments branched. nther-connectiye inconspicuous.
[Carya Nutt.]—About 18 species, natives of eastern North America and
Mexieo.—Many of the hickories furnish a very hard and tough valuable wood.
The fruits furnished a valuable food supply for the aborigines and are ex-
tensively used by the white-man. The bark is used medicinally, and it
furnishes the flavoring ice * ómapleine, ?? a a yellow dye.—Spr.—
HICKORIES.
Cotyledons entire or merely notched at the apex: nut terete or slightly flattened,
celled below, the shell smooth and even. (Subgenus I. PECAN.) I. PECANES.
Cotyledons deeply 2-lobed: nut markedly Mns 4-cell oe below,
the ] uneven or slightly corruga Subgenus II.
EUHICORIA.
Bud-scales valvate: blades of the lateral leaflets narrow and
faleate, except in H. cordiformis latifolia where they may
be broadly ovate.
nie imbricate : blades of the lateral leaflets broad, not
cate.
Husk of the fruit (involucre) splitting freely and
promptly to the base, the valves mostly woody or uL III. OvATAE.
Husk of the fruit (involucre) splitting rather tardily
about the middle, the valves firm-leathery. IV. GLABRAE.
II. AQUATICAE.
I.
Leaflets 5—9 ; blades of the lateral ones not faleate: nut with an exceedingly thick
shell: stami nate aments usually in 3’s on a slender
peduncle. 1. H.
Leaflets usually more than 9; blades of the lateral ones
falca E nut with a thin shell: staminate aments
myristicaeformis.
fasci
Lateral leaflets RU manifestly stalked blades: nut
terete : 2. H. Pecan.
m jen fete: With sessile or nearly sessile blades:
somewhat flattened : seed bitter. . H. texana.
II. AQUATICAE
Leaflets mostly more than 9; blades glabrous: nuts cor- .
rugated: bark of trunk flaky. H. aquatica.
Leaflets mostly fewer than 9: blades pubescent beneath- . .
nuts smooth: bark of trunk close. H. cordiformis.
III. OvATAE
Bark of the trunk rough, but close or with thin flaky
plates.
Leaves permanently more or less pubescent; leaflets
1—9: fruit over 3 cm. in diameter. 6. H. alba.
Leaves SIABEOBE- leafiets 5-7: fruit less than 3 em.
in diameter 17. H. microcarpa.
Bark of the 1 runi shaggy, separating in long flat plates.
Leaflets Li 9, 2 wo b: twigs pale-orange:
fruit 7—9 c n diamete
Leaflets 3-5, or individually 7 : twigs red-brown : fruit
Anthers pubescent : “blades of the lower pair of
leaflets ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, acute or
short- AA 9. H. ovata.
Anthers glabrous: blades of the lower pair of
leaflets narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate,
long-acuminate. 0. H. carolinae-
laciniosa.
by
septentrionalis.
IV. GLABRAE
Fruit large, 3—4 c n diameter
Leaf-rachis ind. leaflets. Pian cist blades of the leaf-
: Ai shining above: inner bud-scales densely pubes-
1i. H. austrina.
Leaf-rachis or leaflets, or both, pubescent: blades of i
the leaflets dull above: inner bud-scales puberulent. 12. H. pallida.
JUGLANDACEAE 405
Fruit small, 2-2.5 em. in diameter
Young leaflets rusty- z abescene: winter-buds with copi-
ously pubescent scales. 13. H. floridana.
Young leaflets not rusty pubescent: winter-buds with
puberulent scales. 14. H. glabra.
H. myristicaeformis (Michx. f.) Britton. Tree be ecoming 35 m. tall, the
bark cr leaflets 5—9; blades us hun lateral ones elliptie or oval, varying
ovate- bnc Or ly
I. “thinnis h, finely and a ser-
rate, pa ale o Or silvery beneath, with a metallic
luster: fruits e rp to elli psoid-obovoid
or obovoid, 2.5 . long, i301 wing-
angled: nut ddr acute at both ends.—
( NUTMEG-HICK ITTER-W
oarsely toothed, fale metal fruits D
ud ellipsoid, Um 6 cm. long, promi-
nently winged: nut e "pin or ovoid- n d at least at the apex.—
(PECAN.) —Woods ond river-bottoms, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Kans.,
Ia., and Ind. Also cult. in Fla., Ga., an nd 8. C., y the production of nuts on
a la arge commercial seale.—( Mez x.)
3. H. texana Le Conte. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark rough: leaflets
7-13; blades of the lateral ones lanceolate, a -lanceolate, or ovate,
shallowly toothed, o fruits often a bee ta ud obovoid- -ellipsoid,
llipsoid o
3—5 em. long, slightly w inged: nut ellipsoi arly so, usually acute at both
ends.— (BITTER-PECAN.) —Woods, low AER per river- inm Coastal Plain,
Miss. to Tex. and Ark (Me x.)
4. H. aquatica (Michx. f.) Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, bark
flaky: leaflets 9-15; blades of the lateral ones lanceolate, een lanceolate,
or elliptic- lanceolate, falcate, a eA pee fruits often clustered, sub-
oid, obovoid, 2.5-3
globose, ellipso — long, narrowly winged to the base,
the thin husk tardily dicen! ow borod. corrugated, thin-shelled, the
seed very bitter. — (WATER-HICKORY. Sw "AMP-H ICKORY BITTER -PECAN
WATER-BITTERNUT.)—River-swamps, river-bottoms, and moist or wet woods,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ill, and Va
H. cordiformis (Wang.) Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark
elose, with shallow furrows and flat ridges: leaflets 7—11, or indisidoally 5;
blades of the lateral ones laneeolate, e e Es lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate,
(sometimes broadly ovate in a idc ne due atifolia), finely serrate, slightly
or decidedly faleate: fruits Med subgl obose, or ovoi
2.5-3 cm. long narrowly ed e above the middle, the thin husk
tardily dehiscent: nut uneven, thin-walled, the seed bitter. [Carya amara
Nutt. Hicoria ied e sh.) Britton n]— (SWAMP- -HICKORY ITTER-NUT.
WHITE-HICKORY. PIGNUT.)—River-banks, rocky oe swamps, and low
woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Que
6. H. alba (L.) Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark with flat ridges
but e dd 7-9; blades of the lateral m elliptic, varying to elliptic-
406 JUGLANDACEAE
laneeolate, or ovate, or sometimes broadened upward, rather coarsely serrate:
fruits globose or globose-obovoid, 4-6 em. long, often prominently lobed above,
the very thick husk readily dehiscent: nut globular or globose-oval, brownish,
sonic cise angled, very thick-shelled: seed sweet. E tomentosa (Lam.
Nutt.]—(MockERNUT. WHITE-HEART HICKORY. LNUT. BLACK-HICKORY.
WHITE-HICKORY. RED-H beu e —Ro id woods a rich dry ol various
pone Fla. to Tex., Ont., and Mas
7. H. microcarpa (Nutt.) Britton. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the bark
separating in thin plates: leaflets p of the lateral ones ovate, oval,
b
elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, varying t oadest above th dle, serrate
fruit globose or dep 2-2.5 em. long, slightly winged, the husk thin,
freely dehiscent to t ase: nut about as wide long, abruptly pointed at
the eae Se whitish, barely angled, thin-shelled: seed
S HAG-BARK.)—Rich, sometimes eek woods,
weet.— (SMALL-PIGN
various provinces, ee eee Plain, Ga. to Mo., Mich., and Mas
8. H. laciniosa (Michx.) Sarg. p beeoming 40 m. tall, the bark separat-
ing in narrow plates: leaflets 7—9, or individually 5; blades of eae lateral ones
elliptic, aces. elliptic- Janceolate "elliptie- ovate, or ovate, or rarely broad-
io upward, rather finely serrate: fruit broadly ed to Susi USE. 6-9
m. long, slightly lobed Shave the thick husk readily dehiscent: nut broadly
ellipsoid, slightly obov = or oe = long, white or “yellowish, ridged,
thick-shelled: seed sweet.—(KIN Big SHAG-BARK. ELL-BARK.
THICK pend -BARK. Rich soil, UM in river bottoms, various pus inces,
Tenn. to Okla., Ia., and N. Y.
9. H. ovata (Mill.) Britton. ee becoming 40 m. tall, e bark ee
in large plates: leaflets 3-5, or rarely 7; blades of the lateral o val or
elliptic, varying to ovate or soa. or broadly elliptie- e pos
eoarsely serrate: fruits oval to eas se, 83-5 em. thick, somewhat lobed, the
i an lon
tin e bas
whitish, slightly a ir “thin. id pog sweet. [Carya alba Nutt. H. caro-
linae-septentrionalis australis | Ashe]—(SHAG-BARK oe ad
SCALY-BARK HICKORY. HITE-HICKORY.)—Rich soil and woods, various
pe ae to Tex., Minn., and Que.—A related B Cie 500
Sarg., native of E Tex., Ark., and La., is said to grow in Miss. It may be
distinguished from H. ‘ovata by the e ridged bark, the dominant 7
eaflets, and the th den rus nut.—The fruits of H. ovata are distinguished
thinness of the shell ae Hue Sud pres of the kernel. They are
Pus the
extensively collected ee the mar
0. H. carolinae-septentrionalis Ashe. Tree becomi ing 40 m. tall, the bark
separating in large and very long plates: leaflets 3-5; blades of the fida
ones lanceolate, ee lanceolate, narrowly pd lanceolate, or owly
elliptic, or individually ovate- lance olate, rather finely serra oe with Ron do
eartilaginous hairy- -tufted teeth: fruits subglabose 2 5 em. long, slightly
" aan 2.
ds Bo
or rocky woods m rich bottom-lands, various provinces, Ga. to Ala., Ky.,
nd Del.
H. austrina Small. 'Tree becoming 18 m. tall or less, the bark rough,
en: o leaflets 5-7; blades of the lateral ones ovate, me EE
laneeolate or ovate- lanceolate, d often coarsely so, gla abrous at lea
maturity: fruit subglob 3—4 long, rounded at the base, e n omi
E ridged, the thick pon tardily dehiscent: nut pale-brown, ees
LEITNERIACEAE 407
e roughened, thick-shelled: seed sweet. [Carya megacarpa Sarg. in
t.]—Hammocks, upper pen. and N Fla.
12. H. pallida Ashe. Tree becoming 35 m. , the bark very rough: leaflets
7-9 ; anaes the lateral ones lanceolate, Ed -lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate,
fin ely s subglobose, oval, or obovoid-pyriform, 3-4.5 em. long,
often aishily ridged, the ped husk dehiscent; nut whitish, un a
mH elongate, smooth rly so, thick- shelle d: seed sweet.—(PA
Y.)—Dry woods, Coastal "Plain, and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tenn., and Ya.
ey
far
jad a
13. H. floridana (Sarg.) Small. Shrub or tree becoming 25 m. tall,
bark close, slightly ridged: leaflets 3—5 or rarely 7; blades of the m ao
lanceolate, elli D -laneeolate, or elliptie, searcely faleate, rather remotely
d:
eartila aginous oothed: fruit udi or subglobose, 2-2.5 em. long, wingless,
dd: S slightly ridged, the thin husk tardily and irregularly dehiscent:
uneven, rather thick- erie [Carya floridana Sarg. ]|— (ScRUB-HICK-
ui —Sandy ridges and scrub, pen. Fla.—Cons ipd bcr sd in the
morphologie characters T "been attributed to the species of Hicoria, per-
aps, however, chiefly as a result a our rather incomplete knowledge of the
genus and limited fold-study . How H. floridan e oecupies one of
y
our very late and unstable phys siographic areas, cee doen variation in the
shape and size of the fruits. These, on adjacent trees range from PE se
to narrowly pyriform, often with a stipe-like o in addition. The fruits are
quite uniform on a given tree.
14. H. glabra (Mill.) Britton. Tree aeg ^ m. tall, or rarely larger,
the bark ridged, but close: leaflets 5-7, 3; blades of the lateral ones
lanceolate, Se hanceolate, Ri to or eee Meer upward; a id
labrous or nearly so (or r less sega in H. glabra hirsuta):
poke or pyriform 1.5- 3e n ng, often with & prominent stipe-like ded
even arly s , the thinnish husk ete dehiscent: nut brownish, obovo id
to subglobose, thick shelled, even or a tly angled: see id un et. [Carya
o Nutt Eri ORY. | BROOM-H BROWN-
ORY. Swir BUD HIC T)—Dr w ond and open hillsides, often in
acid soil, various oe ieee "Fla. o La., Minn., and Me.
ORDER LEITNERIALES — LEITNERIAL ORDER
Shrubs or trees, with exceedingly light wood. Leaves alternate.
Flowers dioecious, in aments appearing before the leaves, the staminate
flowers borne on the base of each bract: perianth wanting: androecium
of 3-12 stamens: pistillate flowers each with a minute perianth: gynoe-
eium a single carpel, the stigma introse. Ovule solitary. Fruit a collec-
tion of drupes each subtended by a braet.
Famity 1. LHITNERIACEAE — Corkwoop FAMILY
Bark smooth, brown. Leaf-blades entire. Stipules wanting. Aments
from the axils of last year’s leaves. Staminate aments many-flowered :
following genus and species on
1. LEITNERIA Chapm. Leaves scattered: blades shining above,
petioled. Staminate aments conspicuously bracted: filaments distinct. Pis-
408 MYRICACEAE
tillate aments inconspicuously braeted:
ovary shorter than the stigma. rupe
glabrous, the flesh leathery
1, L. floridana E Shrub, or tree be-
ate:
late aments id Nx braets: is ud id
tie, long.— (CoRKWo
Swamps, brackish, fresh, or alluvial, Coastal
Plain, 2 ba to Tex., "Mo., and
— The i
becom i used for floats and stoppers.
OrpeR MYRICALES — MynicAL ORDER
Shrubs or small trees, usually aromatie. Leaves alternate: blades
n sometimes toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers dioecious or monoe-
cious; the staminate in long aments, each flower consisting of an androe-
cium ot 2-8 stamens; the pistillate in short aments, each flower consisting
of a gynoecium of 2 united carpels on a bract subtended by 2 braetlets and
surrounded by 2-8 scales. Stigmas 2. Ovules solitary. Fruit a nut, the
epiearp often waxy.
Faminy 1. MYRICACEAE — BAYBERRY FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves resinous-dotted. Aments scaly-bracted.
Perianth wanting. Ova ary 1-celled. Nut short and thick. Three genera
and about 35 species of wide geographic distribution.
Leaves without stipules ; blades entire or toothed : fruit not in a bristly involucre.
ge
by the clasping bractlets; fruiting spikes bracted. 1. MYRICA.
E of the pistillate flowers deciduous: vor wingless,
very waxy: fruiting spikes cluster-like, bractless. 2. CEROTHAMNUS.
Leaves stipulate; blades pinnatifid: fruit in a bristly involucre. 3. COMPTONIA.
1. MYRIC Dioecious shrubs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed above
the middle. Aments appearing pen the leaves. Staminate aments with
closely imbricate bracts: flowers 4
stamens, without braetlets. PE
aments not bristly: flowers with a gynoe-
cium subtended by 2 lateral bractlets
which later develop into wings. Fruit nut-
like, flattened, 2-winged, erowded in spikes
with the persistent bracts.—Represented
by the following species only:
1. M. Gale L. Shrub 1.5 m. tall or aed X
with dark perm leaf-blades thiek, spatu-
late to drap or oblong-cuneate,
mostly 1.5-5 long, serrate near the
apex, often Rn. pubescent: mature
MYRICACEAE | 409
pistillate -o ea dense, becoming 1-1.5 cm. IE nut 2-2.5 mm.
E
lon ng ings somewhat prolonged at the top.—(SWEET-GALE. BOG-MYRTLE.)
In s pe and Si borders e ponds, often in acid soil, "Blue Ridge and more
ioo Bound N. C. to Minn., Ore., Alas., Ont., 'and Newf. —Spr.
2. CEROTHAMNUS Tidestrom. Dioecious shrubs or trees. Leaves
evergreen in our ibas blades entire or merely toothed. Aments appearing
after the lea Staminate aments with 1 imbrieate bracts: flowers
with
not bristly: flowers with a gynoecium subtended by 2-4, or more, bractlets
which are not accrescent. Fruit globular, drupe-like, in cape! like spikes
without bracts, the epicarp very waxy. [Morella (Fl. SE U. S.)]—About 9
species, mostly North American.—The bark is astringent i wax is obtained
from the exudations of the fruits.—Wint.-spr.—BAYBERRIES. WAX-MYRTLES.
WAX-BERRIES. "lALLOW-SHRUBS. CANDLE-BERRIES.
Low shrub, less than 1 m. tall, with horizontal subterranean ides. A oU the
erect branches often forming large patches C. pumilus.
Tall shrubs or small trees, without OO CEN:
Leaf- M toothed x individually entire: stamens about
4: twigs Dubes
Drupe A n diam eter LA DIA NES of a narrow
2 jone-attenuate to ihe “bas 2. C. ceriferus.
Dru 4—5 in diameter: leaf-bl ades a a broad
RA : usually ‘not ione nctenuate to the bas 3. C. carolinensis.
Leaf-blades entire: stamens about 10: twigs glabrous. 4. C. inodorus
C. pumilus (Michx.) Small. Shrub 2-6 dm. tall, gregarious from hori-
zontal bise leaf-blades obovate to linear-spatulate, cuneate at the base,
9— . lon
1.5-3 ng or rarely lar Teer commonly
0-8 e s dong; nut 3.5—4 m Re
—(Dw Dw NDLE-
ERR cs Mga andy “acid Piet ade, “Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.
2. ©. ceriferus (L.) Small. Shrub, or
tree becoming 12 m. tall: leaves much Te-
br
often yellowish; blades oblanceolate to
elliptie- ‘oblanceolate, 3-10 em. long, toothed
or rei s ay entire: a inate aments
1-1. ys . long: nut 2-3 mm. in diameter.—
CW RRY. Wa X-MYRTLE. oo
Rep mae —-Hammocks, and mps,
protected from fire, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and
S N. J.
3. C. carolinensis (Mill) Tidestrom. rub 1-3 all: leaves not con-
dieque d reduced toward the tips of ao puts ‘iads elliptic, e
obovate, 2—10 e T Li toothed towar d apex inate
si ird 1—1.5 em. long: e amet or (BATHE RY. "on seit
BAYBERRY. SWAM ESI = or wet acid Bude edges of
hammocks, dunes, ana stream-banks, Prius POI e Fla. to Ala. La.,
(2), "Tnd., and N. S.
4. C. inodorus (Bart.) Small. o i. tree 6 m. tall: D igo ee
dris or sometimes a te, 4-8 em. long, entire: stamin 1.5
. long: nut 5-7 mm. in fans (Onsen Wax- ee of
410 SALICACEAE
pineland ipo. and Titi bays, Coastal Plain, N. Fla. to Miss.—Remarkable
for the lack of fragrance in the foliage. The leaves are smooth, while in the
preceding ae they are scurfy.
3. COMPTONIA Banks. Monoecious shrubs. Leaves deciduous; ; blades
pinnatifid. Pistillate aments m Fruit not drupe-like, surrounded by a
bur-like involucre.—One species:
1. C. peregrina (L.) Coulter. Shrub 3
dm. tall: leaf-blades is ey a = b
lanceolate, em n he segments A
obtuse: staminate aments 1-3 cm. g, the
bracts long stillate aments 8 NS
bur-like: nut ovoid, 5 mm. long, shining | Mj83I//,
(SwEET-FE ERN-BUSH. SWEET-BUSH.) d WL,
—Dry sterile soil, various provinces, N Ga. NS E
and Tenn. to Man. and N. S.—8Spr.—The NU e
pleasant a oF the foliage may often SS OAS
be discerned distant from the plant.
us plant of poor soil, often
making very dense colonies, almost exclud-
ing other growth.
Orper SALICALES — SALICAL ORDER
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple, entire or toothed.
Flowers dioecious in aments, the staminate consisting of an androecium
of 2 or more stamens, the pistillate consisting of a gynoecium of 2 or 4
united carpels. Ovules numerous. Fruit capsular.
AN
Famity 1. SALICACEAE — WiLLow FAMILY
Shrubs or trees with soft wood. Leaf-blades very narrow to very
wide. Aments erect or drooping, the bracts mostly ciliate or toothed.
Capsule narrowed to the apex. Seed usually with a tuft of hairs.—Two
genera, the following, and more than 250 species, widely distributed in
temperate and arctic regions.
n incised : disk cup-like: stamens usually 10 or more, rarely 6-8: stigmas elon-
gate and expanded: winter ipe with several scales. 1. POPULUS.
e ae disk merely 1 or more ax illary glands: stamens less
0: stigmas Thot Hob audeo winter buds with 1 scale
2. SALIX.
1. POPULUS [Tourn.] L. Trees, the buds with several scales. Leaf-
tha
blades palmately veined, relatively lone: petioled. Sta more than 10, or
rarely 6 or 8: anthers purple or red. Ovary sessile. Stigua dilated.—4A bout
30 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere.—The wood is used in con-
struction and for ei paper pulp.—Spr.—-POoPLARS. (0:99 0035
SHE NN slender lobes: terminal buds small, short, not glutinous, or only
slig
s slender, of a conic type: bracts of the aments
| d, th lobes narrow: leaf-blades glabrous or nearly
at incu I. GBANDIDENTATAE.
Capsule oU. Eo an ovoid type: bracts of the aments
crenate : leaf-blades p white-tomentose. II. ALBAE.
Spa Ni mn cone ad lobes: terminal buds large, long, very
giu
SALICACEAE 411
Petioles laterally flattened. III. DELTOIDES.
Petioles terete or channeled. IV. HETEROPHYLLAE.
I. GRANDIDENTATA
Leaf-blades finely crenate-serrate: bud-scales eer or
merely ciliate. 1. P. tremuloides.
Leaf-blades coarsely sinuate-dentate: bud-scales tomentulose. 2. P. grandidentata.
P ALB
Leaf-blades very broad, several-lobed and "m toothed, the
pubescence on the lower surface often felt-like. . P. alba.
III. DELTOIDES
Stamens 6-8: tree-trunk fastigiately branched. 4. P. italica.
Stamens 5 or more: tree-trunk widely branched. D. P. balsamifera.
I HETEROPHYLLAE
Anthers ellipsoid : pistillate aments loosely ee capsule
slender-pedicelled : young leaves white-tomentos 6. P. heterophylla.
Anthers obo e-oval: pistillate aments ea " flowered :
capsule stout-pedicelled : young leaves not white-tomentose. 7. P. candicans.
1. P. tremuloides Michx. Tree becoming 15 m. tall (rarely taller), the bark
ooth or smoothish, greenish-white: 7 m ovate to orbieular-ovate, or
ng, abruptl
thickets, various provinces, Tenn. to Calif,
Alas., Ont., N. S., and Newf.
. grandidentata Michx. Tree becom-
"n m. ‘long. 2
SPEN. ARGE-TOOTHED ASPEN.)— Woods, |
stream- d usually in burns and clearings, and various provinees, N. C.
to Minn., and N. S.
3. P. alba L. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, the nen T except when old and
ee dc ur ovate or orbicular in outlin mewhat rhombie, 5—10
. long, s or somewhat A white- tomentose beneath: ament- bracts
nate. aie ovoid, 2.5- long.— d POPLAR. SILVER-LEAVED
P ILVER-POPLAR. Dut ee BEECH. — Cult. uu rounds, roadsides, and
fields, locally omer our range, and in other parts of the U. S. and S Can.
Nat
4. P. italica Moench. Tree with eee ee e trunk, becoming 25
m. tall: leaf-blades deltoid, subrhomboidal, mewhat r einform, mostly 5-8
em. long, crenate or crenate-serrate: unns e vnb 2-5 em. long: stamens
few: capsule ovoid, 6-8 mm. long. [P. dilatata Ait.]— (Lo MBARDY- ee
shes cae )—Roadsides, fields, meadows, and pastures, locally in ou
ange. Nat.
5. P. balsamifera L. Tree with widely branched trunk, becoming 40 m. tall,
pe oe dark: leaf-blades deltoid to ovate-deltoid, 8-15 em. long, or longer,
short-aeuminate, serrate or crenate-serrate, nearly or quite to the
e usually with two "prominent basal-glands: staminate aments 8-12 em.
412 SALICACEAE
long: e numerous: eapsule ovoid, 8-10 mm. eda i pid a ]
—(NECKLACE-POPLAR. AROLINA-POPLAR. RIVER-POPLAR. COT Vim
Moist soil poss along streams, various provinces, Fla. to La., Man. and 1 Gus
6. P. heterophylla L. ap becoming 30 m. tall the bark eps leaf-blades
broadly ovate, 8-15 em. long, or longer, obtuse or acutish, nate or serrate-
crenate: pistillate E short t, the flowers Jong: pedicelled; teas a
9-12 mm. long.— MP-COTTONWOOD. BLACK Downy LAR.)
—Swamps and river- EPIS various. provinees, pee b am N Fla.
to La., Ark., Ind., and Conn
7. P. candicans Ait. Tree E pn x Ae pou bark uis leaf-blades
broadly ovate or orbieular-ovate, ong, a inate, crenate: pistillate
aments M Sah the flowers E reps Ge. ovoid, 8-11 mm. lon
(BALM-OF-GILEAD.)—Roadsides, fields, and cult. ae nds, various EON eS: es,
N. C. to o N Dak., Alas., Ont., and Newf. Nat. f Eurasia, and perhaps also
of NN
2. SALIX [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the buds with a single scale.
Leaf- orina pinnately veined, relatively short- -petioled. Stamens 2, or rarely
1-
ns; few i
the south temperate zone.—' The wood is used to make fine grades of charcoal,
the bark yields tannic acid and the branchlets are used in making baskets.
Some species are used in ornamental hortieulture.—Wint.-Spr.— WILLOWS.
OsIERS. WITHYS
Aments borne on lateral leafy branchlets, their scales of one color, usually yellowish,
deciduous: filaments distinct, pubescent below.
Stamens 3—7. I. NIGRAE.
Stations 2.
Tess plages closely serrate, long-acuminate. II. ALBAE
eaf-blades entire or remotely denticulate or dentate. III. ORCI OHNE
Aments borne EUR or terminal, their bracts discolored, col-
t the tips, D ene aments distinct and glab-
E US iere in S. purpur
Filaments glabrous, distinct.
Capsule glabrous. IV. CoRDATAE.
Capsule pubescent.
af-blades serrate. V. SERICEAE.
af-bladés undulate, crenate, or undulate-crenate. VI. DISCOLORES.
Filaments pubescent, uni ited. VII. PURPUREAE.
I. NI
Leaf-blades green on both sides, sometimes paler beneath.
apsule conic or ovoid-conic, the lower part more or less swollen, the base not
"DEG adly rounded: pedicels less than one-half as long as
the capsules. 1. S. nigra.
Capsule ovoid, the lower part conspicuously turgid, the bas
Pn A rounded: pedicels one-half as long as the capa ies
2. S. marginata.
Leaf-blades. “glaucous or silvery-white pubescent beneath.
apsule conic, the valves veiny: fruiting aments short. 9. S. amphibia.
Capsule ovoid, the valves not veiny: fruiting aments elon-
4. S. longipes.
I A
Capsule distinctly pedicelled, conic-subulate or conic. 5. S. fragilis.
Capsule ae ee or nearly so, ovoid or conic-ovoid.
Capsule 4—5 mm. long: pistillate aments 4 cm. long or more. 6. S. alba.
Capsule 2-3 mm. long: pistillate aments 3 cm. lone or less. 1. S. babylonica.
LONGIFOLIA
` III. AE
Leaf-blades of a narrowly linear type: capsule with a broad
base abruptly narrowed into the beak. 8. S. interior.
SALICACEAE 413
IV. CORDATA
Capsule mostly less cd T mm. long: twigs icone more or
less grayish- sis . S. cordata.
Capsule mostly over unm. long: twigs purple. 10. S. Chapman.
CEAE
Leaf-blades glabrous in maturity: capsule 5—8 mm. long. 11. S. petiolaris.
Leaf-blades persistently sericeous: capsule 3—4 mm. long. 12. S. sericea.
VI. Dis ES
Leaf-blades glabrous, at least at maturity purses -petioled. 13. S. discolor.
Leaf-blades persistently pubescent, at least beneath, distinctly
petioled, or very short- -petiole d.
Mature pistillate aments 2—4 cm. long: capsule 7—9 mm
14. S. humilis.
Mature pistillate aments 1—1.5 em. long: capsule 5—6 mm.
ong.
15. S. tristis.
VII. PURPUREAE
Filaments pubescent, united. 16. S. purpurea.
S. nigra Marsh. Shrub or small tree, the twigs brown: leaf-blades nar-
rowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 6— 12 em . long, acute at both ends, or
maturity, closely serrate: bracts of ay
staminate aments obtuse: ca psules 3-5 m
long, somewhat swollen below, but em
iio epee rounded at the base.— (BLACK
SWAMP-WILLOW. )—Low gro unds,
swamps, and river-banks, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., N. D., and N. B.
. S. marginata Wimm. hrub or small
tree, the twigs reddish: leaf-blades ovate,
i m. |
gs
elliptie, or laneeolate, 2-5 e g, obtuse,
acute, or slightly acuminate, green on bot
sides slightly paler eath,
-— (GULF ee —River-
and swamps, rey Plain, Fla. to La.—Specimens commonly referred to this
and the precedin ae with fragile branchlets, have been described as
S. Harbisonii C. Sehne ider
3. S. amphibia Small. Shrub or small tree, the twigs purple or purplish:
leaf- blades linear- — olate, ee or elliptic 3-13 em. long, acute
acuminate, glabrous or pubes when young, glaucous beneath, finely ser-
rate: bracts of the staminate ae usually acute or acutish: capsule conie,
6-8 mm. long, long-beaked.—Borders of lakes, swamps, and hammocks, pen. Fla
S. longipes Anders. Shrub or small tree, the twigs gray or gray-brown:
leaf-blades era, de ape A Or pipi Kis or rarely some-
what broadened upward, 7—15 long, acute inate, finely serrate,
glaueous and vein an often finely pubescent d stout -petioled: o
aa ae any capsule ovoid, 4-6 mm. long, short-bea ked. [S. floridana
m.]—Rocky and gravelly shores and stream- -beds, Coastal Plain and adj.
seer Fine o Tex. Mo., and Md.
. fragilis L. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the twigs pide leaf-blades
green, or xm beneath, lanceolate to elliptic- o 8-15 cm. long, E
capsule conic- -subulate or conic, 4.5-5 mm. long.—(CRACK- Ba Bri
414 SALICACEAE
WILLOW. SNAP-WILLOW.)—Roadsides, fields, and meadows, locally nat. in the
E U.S. Nat. of Eu.
6. S. alba L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the twigs greenish (yellow or bus
dish En with glabrous leaves in S. alba vitellina; olive n or blui
S. alba coerulea): leaf-blades pale, or white beneath, lanceolate or ciliptie,
5-12 em. long, permanently oo in the typical tree: capsule ovoid, 3—5
mm. long.—( WHITE iens il m-banks, meadows, and roadsides, loeally
nat. in tem mp. N. A. Nat u.
7. S. babylonica L. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the twigs greenish: leaf-
blades narrowly Te DN to linear-lanceolate, 5- 12 em. long, pud s at
n Rods ing E ous, E beneath, finely serrate: capsule oid-conic,
2—3 long arely ler.——(WEEPING-WILLOW. DROOPING: "vuiow.)
Rd ans edd and about dwellings, locally nat. N. A. Nat
of Eu.
8. S. interior Rowlee. Shrub or small tree, the Pu A dis or reddish: leaf-
blades linear, varying to broadest below the middle above it, remote ly
ly s j
e mm.
long, ues p least in maturity. ([S. dc Muhl.]—(SANDBAR-
WILLOW. RIVER-BANK WILLOW.)—Alluvial soil, river-banks, and islands,
various a. "Tenn. to La., Man., Que., and Del.
S. cordata Muhl. Shrub sometimes 5 m. tall, the twigs EL more or
less grayish-pubescent: Beo EE elliptic- aoe or narrowly elliptic
(linear-lancceolate in ordata angustata), 5-11 cm. m or larger on
ae acuminate, serr M peser sis eous when DE green, pale or
somewhat glar cous beneath: capsule ovoid-conie, 5-7 ong,
beaked, abrupt ly n d or somewhat rounded at the o 'short- Belen
[S. missouriensis Bebb.]— x xA -LEAVED WILLOW.)—Wet soil and P
Dine. Ala. to Okla., Calif., B. C., Ont., and N. B.
S. Chapmanii Small Shrub or small tree, the twigs purple, sometimes
n. pubescent: leaf-blades d ae Or aye eae -lanceolate or ovate-lanceo-
late, 5-8 em. long or larger, on twigs, acute rate, very glaucous beneath:
capsule conic, 7-9 mm. long, stout- beaked, a at the turgid base.—River-
banks and wet mod. Coastal Plain, N Fla. and S Ga.
11. S. petiolaris J. E. Smith. Shrub often 4 m. tall, the twigs a esa
leaf-blades lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or linear- elliptic 4-7 em. long,
acuminate at both ends, finely serrate, sparingly sericeous when young: p
sule slender-conie, or ovoid- ellipsoid below the beak, 5-8 ong, or rarely
smaller, pubescent.— (RoSEMARY-WILLOW.)—Swamps and low grounds, various
provinces, Tenn. to Mass. iu N. B.
19. S. sericea Marsh. Shrub sometimes becoming 4 m. tall, the twigs purple
or purplish, finely m É blades pap often "narrowly so, nar-
rowl elliptic, or broadly lin 5-10 em. long, or acuminate, finely
eaves ade usly sericeous especially when young: ca ee ule short-conic, ovoid-
con void-oblong, 3—4 ong, pubese scent.— (SILK pa LLOW.)—Wet
hillsides, EI and stream- ‘banks, various provinces, N. C. to Mich. and
13. S. discolor Muhl. Shrub or small tree, the twigs purple or grayish n
slightly pubescent when young: leaf- blades ee elliptic-lanceolate,
ovate-lanceolate, or obovate, 5-10 em. long, or larger on shoots, glabrous, i
CORYLACEAE 415
least in maturity, Mrd beneath, irregularly .erenate-serrate: capsule
odes e 5—10 mm. lon ng, slender -beaked, Ec e -WILLOW.
Boa-WIL SIL ERIS OW. LD PUSSY-WILLOW.)—Swamps, meadows,
ae ur “hillsides, various DN N. C. to Mo., Man., d IN. S.
. S. humilis Marsh. Shrub 3 m. tall or less, the twigs purplish or grayish,
closely p leaf-blades elliptic, or oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long
longer, becoming glabrous or ee : above, glaucous, veiny, and more or
less pubescent beneath, cds Or e ES ad revolts, distinctly
petioled: staminate aments rile ong: capsule 7—9 ng, the nar-
rowly ovoid base rather aiden oe. thinly fine- sabe ee
ae —Dry banks, rocky slopes, and moist thickets, various provinces,
N. C. to Tex., Kans., Minn., and Newf.
15. S. tristis Ait. Shrub usually less than 1 m. tall, the twigs brownish
or grayish, fi! dag p leaf- blades cuius late Es enis a or
broadly lin 2-5 em. long, persistently hoary-pubescent, but p
So eec p^ ae undulate- S very shoe E Eds stamin
aments less than 1 long: capsule long, the bro a e basa
p
dion E beaked, RM fine- pubescent. — (Dwa RF GRAY-WIL
PUSSY-WILLOW.)—Dry open woods, thickets, and “hitsides,
rade provinees, Fla. to Nebr., Minn., and Me.—Usually in acid so
6. S. aL. Shrub or small tree, the twigs Lise leaf-blades
oblong, ‘broadly anode: pisse o or spatulate, 4—7 c . long, serrulate near
the apex, pale beneath, short-petioled: staminate aments (2-3 em. done. capsule.
ovoid-conic or ovoid, 3—4 mm. long or rarely 5 mm. ius ic M
Low. P ER- ow. B
swamps, and roadsides, E U. S. Nat. of Eu
Orpen FAGALES — FAGAL ORDER
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple. Flowers monoe-
cious or rarely dioecious, at least the staminate borne in aments, the pis-
tillate sometimes with an involucre which becomes a bur or cup in fruit.
Calyx usually present. Corolla wanting. Fruit a nut or rarely a samara.
eed and pistillate flowers in aments: fruit not with a bur or
Staminate flowers solitary in the axil of each bract, without a E pistillate
doce ers with a calyx Fam. 1. CORYLACEAE.
Staminate flowers Ex together in the axil of each bract,
each with a calyx: ns flowers without a calyx. Fam. 2. BETULACEAE.
Staminate flowers in aments: bes illate often solitary, the
involucre becoming a bur or cup. Fam. 3. FAGACEAE.
‘Faminy 1. CORYLACEAE — HazkL-NUT FAMILY
rubs or trees, the wood close-grained. Leaves deciduous: blades
mostly doubly toothed. Staminate aments drooping, with each bract sub-
tending one flower, the calyx wanting. Pistillate aments not drooping,
each bract bearing 2 or 3 pistils, the involucre of a bract and 2 scales.
Fruit consisting of one or more acerescent bracts each subtending or in-
closing 1, 2 or 3 nuts.—Four genera and 20 species, most abundant in
the Northern Hemisphere.
ER flowers without bractlets : teal ee flowers numerous, in elongate aments:
mall, subtended by or inclosed in a bract: stamens many.
Fr rui iti ce bracts flat, 3- lobed, the te inal lobe toothed. 1. CARPINUS.
Fruiting bracts bladder- like, 2. OSTRYA.
416 CORYLACEAE
rar ie flowers with bractlets: pistillate flowers few, in heads:
t large, in a leaf-like involucre: stamens few. . 3. CORYLUS.
1. CARPINUS [Tourn.] L. Trees or shrubs, the bark smooth. Stami-
nate aments usually solitary, with separated spreading bracts. Pistillate aments
with 3-lobed bracts at e —About
species, only the following Ameri
1. C. caroliniana Walt. Shrub, or small
em. long:
nut 5-6 ng.— CE r BLUE-
BEECH. Wee IRONWOOD. )—Moist
woods, swampy places, along streams,
various provinces age o Tex., Minn., a
N. S.—Spr.—T
handles and other small articles.
2. OSTRYA [Mich.] Scop. Shrubs or trees, the bark scaly. Staminate
aments usually clustered, with close imbricate bracts. Pistillate aments with
lobeless bracts. Six species, 3 American,
3 in the Old' World.
O. eT ST. Willd. Shrub,
1.
tree becom tall, the bark rou Es
finely id pets leaf-blades mainly
ong: mature bracts of
m t 6-7 mm. long.—( OP- HORN-
BEAM. Dzss-woon IRoNwOOD. , LEVER-
BLACK-HAZEL.) — ze often d or
provinees, Fla. ex., Man., an
Spr.—The iet is used mostly for Wallets: and tool-handles.
3. CORYLUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the bark smoothish. Sta
a ith e bracts. ilate aments with fo eeu
bractlets at maturity, these are dilated, or sometimes formed into a beaked
involuere.—Seven species, 3 American, 4 in the Old World.—Spr.—HAZEL-
NUTS. FILBERTS
Mature bractlets distinct, leaf-like, incised. 1. C. americana.
Mature bractlets united, prolonged into a narrow beak. 2. C. cornuta.
1. C. americana Walt. Shrub 1-4 m. tall: i blades thickish, oval or sub-
orbieular, varying to ovate or obovate, 5—15 em. long: sta minate aments 6—10
BETULACEAE 417
em. jong, t rt bracts broadly oval or nearly
8 each bractlet of the pistil-
Tate mene a cui foliaceous and lobed.
CAN-HAZELNUT.)—Low thi ckets
ofte
on
£5
un
d
w
for)
T
ous provinces, Ga. to Kan
2. cornuta Marsh. Shrub 1-2 . tall:
er blades bow oblong or oral. vary-
ing to obov e, 4-12 em. long, eo arsely ser-
rate and p^ arply serrulate: staminate
aments 2-5 em. long, the bracts rhomboid-
obovate, apiculate: each bractlet of the
pistillate aments
tubular involu
(BEAKED- HAZELNUT.) — Stony, often acid
soil along streams and in thickets, and in open woods, Piedmont süd more
northern provinces, Ga. to Kans., Sask., Que., and N. S.
7
s
PN
MEE *
vu"
E NS
- b
P
3
I
ES ee ee
POPP Ory
Pu
m
V3
9 ad
SB
3^8
=
SpF
>o
TS
[e
| às
4*2
DRM
FaAwinLy 2. BETULACEAE — BmcnH FauiLY
Shrubs or trees, the wood close-grained. Leaves deciduous: blades
with 2-several series of teeth. Staminate aments drooping, wi
bract subtending 2 or 3 flowers, the calyx present. Pistillate aments
seldom drooping, the bracts thickened and woody, each one bearing 2 or
3 pistils, the calyx wanting. Fruit a cone-like aggregate of the accrescent
bracts, each of which subtends a nut.—Two genera and about 45 species,
most abundant in the Northern Hemisphere.
C
-x
S marr pone mae of the mature pistillate aments membranous, 3-lobed, Bay
with t
Stamens 4 (36) : bracts of the mature pistillate aments thickened and
woody, persistent. 2. ALNUS.
1. BETULA [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the bark often aromatic.
Staminate flowers with 2 stamens, the anther-sacs separated. Bracts of the
pistillate aments 3-lobed, thin and appressed or ascending at maturity.—
About 35 species, natives of the north temperate and arctic zones.—The wood
is valuable for cabinet work and for small articles used in various manu-
factories. The bark, which is impervious to water, is used for canoes, boxes,
and shoes. It peels naturally in horizontal strips.—Spr.—BIRCHES.
Fruiting ament peduncled: samara wider than long. I. NIGRAE.
Fruiting ament sessile at the end of a short branch: samara longer
than wide. II. LENTAE.
I. NIGRAE
Fruiting aments ellipsoid, erect; scales tomentose: leaf-blades broadly cuneate at
the base. 1. B. nigra.
Fruiting aments narrowly cylindric, nodding; scales not
tomentose: leaf-blades cordate at the base. 2. B. cordifolia.
II. LEN
Leaf-blades shining above: mature De seine with two
short broad ead tat lateral lobes: a with triangu-
lar-obovate or cuneate wings: bark BW 3. B. lenta.
Leaf-blades dull above: mature BE bracts with two
E lateral lobes: sam with orbicular-obovate
ngs: bark yellowish or silve a 4. B. allegheniensis.
27
418 BETULACEAE
ra L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the younger bark silvery or yellow:
leaf- blades ig -ovate, 3-6 cm, long, bro oadly cuneate at the base, more or
less un entose beneath except ‘in age:
stam e ame nis with suborbicular bracts:
n us *pistillat aments 3—4 cm. long, less
than 1 em. thick, the bracts 6-7 mm. long,
tonno wing of the fruit reniform,
eiliate.—(RIVER-BIRCH. RED- . W -
IRCH.)—Swam s and stream-banks, vari-
ous Pima eet uaa: Ridge, N Fla. to
Tex., Minn., and Mas
i
26.
^.
NW.
Vet:
2. B. cordifolia Regel. Tree 10 m. tall or
less, the young bark white or whitish:
leaf-blades ovate to triangular-ovate, 4-8
te or short-acuminate, doubly
3:39,
x A y
*
"ert
2
I
aments with broadly ovate braets: pale pistillate aments 2.5-5 em. long,
acd or ps bracts 5.5-6.5 mm. long, glabrous or obscurely pubes-
ruit e eciliate. —Cool woods, Blue Ridge, N. C.,
nc aon poles N N. Y. to Minn. and Newf.
B. lenta L. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, x bark e leaf-blades ovate,
elliptie- orate, or ee pg edi 4-12 em. long, rounded or cordate at the
base, si ben an staminate nt with ovate eus
mature pistillate es 15S e . long, over 1 cm. thick, the bracts 5-6 mm.
long and m or nearly a wide, mcr pom ous: wing of the fruit tri-
angular-obova Or died not ciliate.—(S'WEET-BIRCH. |. .CHERRY-BIRCH.
BLACK-BIRCH. gens M GANY-BIRCH.)—-Woods and hillsides, c
ous D in Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Ala., Minn., and Newf.—
bark c an essential oil similar to that of wintergreen, and is distilled
with pe in Por to secure it on a commercial s
4. B. allegheniensis Britton. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, E bark —— ish or
silvery: leaf-blades diu to elliptie-ovate, 5—10 em. long, rounde d or cordate
at the base, pubescent on the nerves beneath: He odes with eos or
oval-ovate bracts: ul pistillate aments 1.5—2.5 cm. long, very stout, the
bracts 7-9 mm. long, quite or fully a side ae wing of the fruit pid
obovate. [B. lutea (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—(SOUTHERN YELLOW-BIRC Y-
oe —Rich, often rocky woods, Blue Ridge and more northern pu
o Man. and Newf.
ALNUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the bark astringent. Stami-
nate oe with 3-6 stamens, the anther-sacs connected. Bracts of the pis-
tillate aments not lobed, woody and spreading at maturity.—About 15 species,
natives of the Northern Hemisphere and the Andes. The bark yields tannic
acid.—ALDERS.
Aments flowering before or after the leaves develop: nut wingless, merely margined.
1. A. rugosa.
Aments flowering as the leaves develop: nut winged. 2. A. Alnobetula.
1. A. osa (Du Roi) Spreng. pum or tree, becoming 13 m. tall: leaf-
blades “thickish, obovate or oval, em. long: mature ae aments
FAGACEAE 419
oblong or oval, 1.5-2 em. long, the bracts
3-lobed: nut 1.5-2.5 mm. long, sharp-
arenes —(Saoorn: -ALDER. GREEN-ALDER.
AG-ALDER ALDE
E es wo
mps, and stream-banks, various pro
inces, E Blue d and Adirondacks,
Fla. t ex, Minn., and Me.—Spr.
2. A. Alnobetula (Ehe K. Koch. Shrub
E A m. tall: d iion oval or
ovate, .dm. long: pistillate
amen E em. long, the pese undulately
lobed: nut 2-3 mm. long, winged.— (Moun-
1
£3
PAN
um
P
27. 7
Syri
Hier rm
v Tyee
e cec, ING,
saves:
—Stony x, G acid soil, ` Blue Ridge and
more m provinees, N. C. and Tenn. to Man., N. Y., and Lab.—Spr.—
(Eurasia.)
Famity 3. FAGACEAE — Oak FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, the wood coarse-grained. Leaves sometimes per-
sistent: blades simple, entire, toothed, or lobed. Staminate aments elon-
gate or globular, the calyx of 4-7 partially united sepals. Pistillate
flowers solitary or several together, each subtended by a bristly involucre,
the sepals thick. Fruit a bur-like, cup-like, or saucer-like involucre
enclosing or subtending 1 or more nuts.—About 6 genera and 400 species
of wide geographical distribution.
Staminate aments globose, drooping on slender bracted peduncles: nut 3-angled or
3-winged. 1. FAGUS.
Staminate aments elongate, slen
Meo aments erect or "he ccnginpe nuts 1-3, included in a
ny involucre.
ery spi
Staminate aments drooping: nut seated in an involucre of im-
bricate seales.
2. CASTANEA.
3. QUERCUS.
AGUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with elose-grained wood. Leaf-
blades toothed. Staminate "up Do pendulous: calyx 4-7-lobed:
flowers
aie T
sou bes D Plain, with the leaf-blades
rounded or cordate at the base, has bee:
piod ed as F. grandifolia mona
Loud.) Fernald & pod
1. F. grandifolia Ehrh. Tree becoming
tal, th
40 m. e bark smooth, pale: leaf-
blades ovate OT ADI ovate, 5-14 cm
ng: staminate aments 1-1.5 cm. in dia meter, long-peduneled: ripe involuere
ovoid, 15-2 cm. T short-peduneled: nut ovoid, narrowly winged, edible.
420 FAGACEAE
[F. americana | Sweet]— (BEECH. RIDGE-BEECH. RED-BEECH. m
BEECH- pu EE.)—Rich or low woods and oM rU various pro
N Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and N. S.—Spr.—The wood is used for tmu
and Bu small articles. "The nuts are edible.
CASTANEA [Tourn] Hil. Shrubs or trees, 3 vith porous wood.
Da blades toothed, the teeth slender-tipped. Staminate aments elongate,
spreading: calyx 6-lobed: stamens 10-20, the no greatly elongate.
Pistilate flowers several: calyx 6-lobed. Staminodia present. Ovary i -
ectly 6-celled. Stigmas 6, slender. diu) involuere with rigid often
branching spines, including the nuts. Nuts r 3, or sometimes solitary.—
r.—CHESTNUTS. CHINQUAPINS. Abou M Species, natives of the Northern
emisphere. The wood is used in EUR dE and for interior finish. The
seeds are edi
Leaf-blades glabrous, green on both sides: nuts ied 2 or 3 in an involucre, or
rarely more, flattened, at least on one side. I. DENTATAE.
B permanently pubescent beneath, except in V Line
he pubescence tawny or pale: nuts solitary, not flatten II, PUMILAE.
I. DEN
Large tree with ad coarsely sharp- Seba ee eas acuminate 2 D
tata.
II.
o
Spines of the ripe involucre comparatively slender
nd long, glabrae ar i aoe d pubescent: leaf-
blades eee t beneath. 2. C. pumila.
ae os He ripe MEA re ouparatively stout
her canescent well to the tips:
leat blades felt-like beneath. 3. C. Ashei.
«n tree: ves large; lades mostly 15-25 cm.
with ae arse, salient, bristle-tipped teeth. 4, C. ozarkensis.
herd: glabrous or nearly so beneath at maturity.
ee with large leaves; blades 11-20 cm. long, some-
what edd beneath at maturity. b. C. alabamensis.
iuris e: m ee with small leaves; blades 7-11
ng, whe at lustrous beneath at cui 6. C. floridana.
Shrub with 'elongate poderi the branches erect, gregari-
ous, often forming large colonies.
1. tata (Marsh.) Borkh. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark furrowed:
leaf- nae uu e or elliptic-lanceolate, 10-30 em. long, acuminate
us: neck of the hy-
-1
C. alnifolia.
spr early sum.—
The 3 species se oe way to
come ex xtinet To the td of the
t 1905.—C. ne
lecta Dode, described as a hybrid between
C. dentata and C. pumila is reported from
C
2. C. pumila (L.) Mill. Shrub or small
tree up y 9 m. tall, the bark smooth: leaf-
FAGACEAE 421
blades obovate, oval, or elliptic, 7—14 cm. long, acute or slightly acuminate,
the 1 die veins rather few and distant: ripe involueres with long slender
spines t 1-1.5 em. long.—Dry sandy soil, woods and thickets, various prov-
inces, Pla. 15 Tex., Tad., and N. J.—Spr.
3. | Ashei Sudw. Shrub or tree up to 10 m. tall, the bark smooth: leaf-
blades a E Kd. varying to obovate, cuneate, or oblan die usually
ped r and n r than in C. pumila, mostly ro unded or à ae
acuminate, the lateral veins 7 no numerous ane aoe D p involucres
with a tubby spines.—Dry sandy soil, woods, hammocks, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex. and Yi. Spr r.—The form with RP "leaf. blades has been
e as 'c. Margaretta Ashe.
4 C. ozarkensis Ashe. Tree up to 20 m. tall, sometimes with several
stems from a common base, the trunk sometimes l m. in diameter, the
bark furrowed: leaf-blades elliptic-obovate to broadly lanceolate-elliptie,
15-235 e or less acuminate, with coarse a bristle-tipped
ripe in PEA
b ath:
5-3.5 em. in diam ied , the spines e and densely sabes a Ca
sana Ashe]—(CHINQ APIN.)— —Woods, rocky signee. and stream-banks, bid
Ouachita Plateau iud adj. Coastal Plain, Miss. to La., Okla., and S Mo. —Spr.
C. alabamensis Ashe. Tree up to 10 m. tall, with a SOR EAE facie
bark; leaf-blades ,elliptie x varying to elliptie- Les M elliptic-oblanceola
nid cur ong, rather eoarsely dentat ird bristle tipped
eeth, what dis qe often ead. eattered hair s be-
ath: ied involuere 2.5-3.5 em. in diame the spines pedcs Pen petis
iu scent.— ( CHINQUAPIN.) —Hillsides s ode banks, Ala.—Spr.
6. C. piis „SSarg.) Ashe. Arborescent shrub with several or numerous
de fro n base, up to 18 m o stems rarely over 2-3 dm.
n diameter: leaf blades elliptie, v arying t oadest above the middle or
below , 6-13 e Mm tely epi o See h when young, glabrous
mewha t shin ing maturity, oe Mis an rather sharply
toothed, the teeth bristle id: ripe involuc 2.5 em. in diame C.
alnifolia floridana Sarg. Loe vo Woods and Pucmp E. Coastal
Plain, Fla. to E Tex. and S Ark.—Spr.
C. alnifolia Nutt. Shrub with underground stems (rootstocks) and erect
bi 3 Mi dm Mi leaf-blades cuneate to lanceolate with a cuneate base,
5-15 em. long, o obtu or apiculate at the apex, wi awny or dirt 2
tomentum Pos th, the lateral ribs in 12—14 n Ras involucres 1.5—
in diameter: nut solit ary, 1.5-2 cm. long. [C. a Muhl.]— (Cun AEN.
Y-CHINQUAPIN —Pinelands and sandhills, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and
C.—Spr
QUERCUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with coarse-grained wood.
Tes me entire, toothed, or lobed. Staminate aments drooping: calyx
4—7-lobed: stamens 6-12, the B pe short. Pistillate flowers
dilated. Mat i
solitary or several: ovary usually 3-ce stigmas 3, dilated. ature 0
lucre m saucer-like or deeper, bendi: mei the nut, or rarely enclosing it.—
0 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere.—The wood is ex-
a a in construction work, cabinct-work, and for tools and utensils.
The fruits furnished an important food supply for the Indian. The white-
ks and live-oaks are the more valuable kinds.—Spr., or wint. S.—OAKS.
422 FAGACEAE
Fruit m E the first year: nut-shell glabrous within: seeds with the abortive
PA e s at the base: leaf- blades with blünt, or merely acute or mucronate teeth
0
Leay es acinus: blades toothed or lobed :—-White-oaks.
— MEI blades entire, M sometimes on Shoots
n Q. nima :—Li ve-oaks.
Fruit "maturing "e second year: nut-shell pubescent within:
seed with the abortive ovules at or near the apex: leaf-
blades. with e tipped lobes or teeth.
Leaf-bla des E for undulately lobed > young shoots) or
in Nos. ands 23 with a more or less lobed ee dila-
tion: Oe n-nut of a globose type, small :—Laurel-oaks.
Leaf-blades prominently 1 lobed, except Sane des in Q: mare
landica and Q. arkansana: acorn-nut of an ovoid type:
ALBAE
Leaf-blades lyrate or sinuate-pinnatifid.
Le ae ies glabrous beneath: acorn- cup with tubercled
es
Leaf-blades Du beneath or ‘sometimes glabrous in
m ~ a: acorn-cup with flat or slightly thickened
Leaf-blades with truncate or emarginate
T P acorn-cup mostly over 15
e more than half protrud-
n. o "te cup.
in blades with rounded o lobes:
; corn-cup mostly less than 15 mm. wide:
. nut less than half protruding from the
Leaf-blades cuneate in outline, brown or yel-
n a eath, the 3-7 lobes low and
un
Aom. peduncled : nut depressed, nearly or quite
included in the loose cals cup
us Scales of nc D awn- oped. thus forming a
nge around t
Leaf blades undulate, sinuateloped, or coarsely toothed.
eaf-blades coarsely too
Acorns manifestly peduncled, the peduncle shorter or
longer than the petio
Peduncles much longer pm the petioles: upper
scales of the o mostly awn-tipped, sometimes
forming a frin
Peduncles about E “lon ng as the petioles or shorter:
upper scales of the cup not 1 npe con-
Acorn less than 2 eo ong: cup 1.5
or obtuse
A ies sessile: leaf blades typically of an obovate
e, with few teeth: rub or small tree.
ed, a ntir
ue bla des glabrous, 'at least when fully grown, pm
neat acorn-cup a sa ae sometimes slightly
pere at the
cta: eet BR S oubesrent and white beneath:
RET cup very shallow, saucer-shaped or almost
like.
VIRGINIANAE
Stem (rootstocks) underground, the branches erect, low:
plants with narrow and broad leaf-blades, the broad ones
prominently sinuate or pinnately lobed.
e
9o
©
e
I. ALBAE.
II.
III.
VIRGINIANAE.
LAURIFOLIAE.
IV. RUBRAE.
©
S
13. Q.
14. Q.
Q.
. alba.
. Stellata.
. Margaretta.
. Boyntonii.
lyrata.
. macrocarpa.
bicolor.
. Prinus.
. AMuhlenbergii.
. montana.
. prinoides.
austrina.
Durandi.
minima.
FAGACEAE
Stem erect, developing into tall shrubs or trees:
nearly or quite uniform leaf-blades.
uo iced mo Menu rugose-reticulate :
plants with
cup of the
Leat-blades Noe as 1gose- -reticulate: cup of the acorn hemi-
are of the acorn hemi phe c or funnelform: leaves
er
not succulent: nut yi 15 included at the basé.
Leaf- blades various, entire, not
Cup of acorn a da about as dee ep
wide: nut ovoid or oval-ovoid, less qian
twice as long as thi "M
Cup of acorn deeper than wide, somewhat
mune -form: nut ellipsoid, twice as long as
ick
Cup of acorn saucer-shaped, nut very slightly in-
cluded at the base.
LAURIFOLIAE
Stems underground, the e erect, usually low.
Stems erect, developing into tall shrubs or trees.
Leaf-blades glabrous beneath.
E nc ades obovate, the margins more or less revo-
u
Leaf-blades linear, elliptic,
middle, the margins fla
Leaf-blades broadened upward and 3-lobed near the
or broadest above the
Acorn. -cup hemispheric: nut less, than 1 cm.
ed "cup saucer-shaped: nut 1 cm. long or
more.
eee linear or elliptic, or somewhat cuneate,
n lobed at the apex.
Acorn-ca hemispheric: leaves evergreen, flat
AGO -cup saucer-shaped : leaves deciduo
Lea la E narrow, linear to linear-elliptic,
var to M d or oblanceolate,
revolute in
ud gel broad: elliptic to cuneate, flat
Peer abe dent Pa th.
eaf-blades gray- o beneath :
shallow, saucer-shaped.
Leaf-blades brown-tomentose beneath : acorn-cup deep,
usually hemispheric
-acorn-cup very
IV. RUBR
HER pis green and glabrous, or merely a tufts of hair
n the vein-axils beneath.
Acorn: UE saucer-shaped, flat or slightly rounded at the
Gup with gray scales, small, mostly less than 1.5 cm.
Leaf-lobes mostly toothed: acorn-cup flat at the
Leaf-lobes mostly entire: acorn-cup slightly rounded
ase.
Cup with ee seales, large, mostly over 2 cm. wide.
Larger lobes of the leaf about equalling the body
of the blade: buds red-brown
ME lobes of the leaf much longer than the
of the blade: buds stramineous.
POPE Cen Uline ONE hemispherie, more or less con-
MTM closely appressed scales: buds glab-
Leaf-lobes more or less dilated and lobed at the
apex: buds stramineous.
Leaf-lobes narrowed at the apex and coarsely
toothed : buds red-brown.
16.
. Q. geminata.
Q. virginiana.
. Q. Chapmanii.
Q. Rolfsii.
19. Q. succulenta.
. Q. pumila.
Q. myrtifolia.
23. Q. nigra.
N
31.
32.
33.
34.
9.
30.
. Q. laurifolia.
. Q. Phellos.
. Q. obtusa.
. Q. cinerea.
28.
Q. imbricaria.
Q. palustris.
Q. georgiana.
Q. maxima. .
Q. Shumardii.
Q. Schneckii.
Q. borealis.
. Q. microcarya.
424 FAGACEAE
Cup b coarse loosely appressed scales: buds pubes-
ent.
Leaf-blades broad-based, long-petioled ; lobes nearly
or quite regular, not falcate. 35. Q. coccinea.
DE narrow-based, short-petioled; lobes
regular, falcate. 6. Q. laevis.
Leaf-blades persistently pubescent beneath.
Leaf-blades broadly cuneate in outline, more or less
flab ellately dated.
Acorn-cup hemispheric-turbinate, mostly over 1.5 cm
wide, the tips of several rows of the inner scales
pubescent, forming a kind of fringe. 37. Q. marilandica.
5
Ine the tips of the inner EM of scales ids
erulent, not ER a fri e. 8. Q. arkansana.
com un of large: ER R what lax scales. 39. Q. velutina.
Acorn-cup of small closely appressed | - ipm
g
r
5 lobes ascendin ne. 40. Q. rubra.
pue broadly cuneate or truncate at the
lobes spreading. 41. Q. Pagoda.
Larger leaf lobes triangular or delto; id. 42. Q. ilicifolia.
1. Q. alba L. Tree becoming 45 m. tall, the bark light-gray, sometim
tinged ‘with red or brown, or nearly white, "with thin appressed seales: leaf.
lades obovate or oval in outline, 10- 20
em. long, bright-green th above,
natifid to 3-9, us ; cending
narrow usually entire lobes: acorns short
stalked ; saucer-shap w
spheric, with the scales woody-tuber
culate, ide; t ellipsoid-
ovoid, 15-25 mm. lon ng.—(WHITE-OAK.
TAVE-OAK.)— Woods and hillsides, various
po N Fla. to Tex. Minn, Ont.
Me. ~ Hybridizes wi with Q. Primis = X x9.
Beadle: with Q. stellata=x Q. Ferno
2. Q. stellata Wang. Tree becoming 30
dulate notched lobes: acorns often clustered; cup hemisph
at the base, 15-20 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 15-20
Sarg. ]—( T-OAK. IRON Dry sandy, eae! sterile and acid
—(Pos A
various provinces, N Fla. to Tex., Nebr. and Mass.—Hybridizes with Q. m
tana - x Q. bernardiensis.
3. Q. Margaretta Ashe. Shrub, or tree sometimes 10 m. tall, the bark brown
or reddish, ridged and ipid leaf-blades oval or iq in outline, 6-9 cm.
abo
long, more or less p ut AU veins beneath, sinuate or shallowly
8-5 lobed: acorn sessile o ages alked ; EUM s rbinate hemispheric, es
em wide; nut ellipsoid to ovoid- ellipsoid, 12- m. long.—(SMALL POST-
K.)—Sandhills and dry Er d Plin Fla. to Ala. and Ya —
Hybridizes with Q. geminata=xQ. H
2 Q. Boyntonii Beadle. Shrub 1-5 m. tall, the bark gray, often tinged
wn or blaek, broken into broad pet appressed scales: leaf-
blades cuneate in outline, often narrowly so, 5-9 em. long, with 3-7 small
FAGACEAE 425
eats lobes above the middle "d near the T queues beneath: acorn
‘sessile or nearly so; cup turbinate, 9-12 mm. wide; l or ovoid, 12—15
a long. Ro ocky soil, eae " thickets, on El. Avpalachian Valley,
Ga. and Ala.
nearly or wholly included E the cup.— n WAMP WHITE-OAK.
WATER WHITE-OAK. WAMP POST-OAK.)—Swamps, usually along rivers,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to 1 Mo., (Ia.?) Ind., and N. J.—
Hybridizes with Q. virginiana =x Q. Comptonae.
6. Q. macrocarpa Michx. Tree becoming 55 m. tall the bark brown and
often red-tinged, broken into irregular plates: le af-blades obovate to spatu-
late in outline, 10-30 cm. long, finely tomentose beneath the pinnate lobes,
ns long-
stalked; cup deep-hemispherie or globula mm. wide, the upper scales
with n tips; nut subglobose or Droadiy ellipsoid, a mm. long.—
(OVERCUP-OAK. Mossy-cUP OAK. BUR-OAK.)—Riech ods, Piedmont and
uad ptus provinces, eee to Tex., Man., and N. ppt tea to hybridize
h Q. Prinus=x Q.. Byars
7. Q. bicolor Willd. Tree sometimes ae 36 m. tall, the bark gray-
brown and often red-tinged, broken in broad ridges by more or less irregular
lon
fissures: leaf-blades obovate to elliptic-obovate, 5-20 cm. long, coarsely
toothed, usually cuneate at the base, densely white-tomentose beneath: acorns
lon talke ; cup saucer-shaped or depressed-hemis ;
some of t raets aaa nut ellipsoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 20-25
mm. ved or slightly g latanoides (Lam.) Sudw.]— (SWAMP
WHITE-OAK.)—Swamps, meadows, “an nd stream-banks, various provinces
in Coastal Plain ers N, Ga. to Ark., Minn., and Me.
8. Q. Prinus L. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, the bark silvery white or gray,
and often red-tinged, ges into thin appressed scales: leaf-blades obovate,
varying to elliptic, - s . long, coarsely doa -serrate, finely tomentose
beneath: acorn sessile; cup nace eeply saucer-shaped or sh allow- -hemispherie, 25—
35 mm. wide; nu A ellipsoid 2 ellipsoid-ovoid, 30— a5 mm. long. [Q. Michaux
Nutt. (Cow: -OA BASKET-OAK. WAMP WHITE-OAK. eed CHESTNUT-
OAK.) —Swamps, bottoms, em da hammocks, Coastal Plain and occa-
s adj. province la. Tex, Mo. and N. J a ybridines with
alba-xQ. Beadlei; as is a supposed hybrid with Q. macrocarpa = =x Q.
Byarsi.
9. Q. Muhlenbergii Engelm. Tree become 90 m. 2 the bark silvery
white and often tinged with pida , broken into loose scales: leaf-blades
lanceolate to pci ug i 5—20 em. long, "dos a e, with usually
somewhat i ing teeth, inutely eria beneath or E acorns sessile,
or ae cu pre enn E —17 mm. wide; nu oid, 15—20
Q. ac mod P Mie chx.) Houba]—(C m NQUAPIN-O "o YELLO W-OAK.)—Cal-
careous “bottoms and hillsides, various pie W Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont.,
Vt.
10. = BaT Willd. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark reddish-brown
or almost black, broken into broad rounded ridges and deep furrows:
leaf- ladas PDC to oval, varying to broadest slightly above or below the
426 . FAGACEAE
middle, 15-20 cm. long, coarsely crenate-serrate, MU mp. beneath:
corns short-peduncled; ba Pur 4 Eo wi ovoid or
DEA -ovoid, 25-35 mm. long. [Q. Prinus Du Roi not L.]—(0n ESTNUT-
. "TANBARK-OAK. )—Roeky hillsides ad ps woods, various provinces, Ga.
o Miss., Ont., and Me.—Hybridizes with Q. stellata =x Q. bernardiensis.
Q. prinoides Willd. Shrub or tree becoming 6 m. tall, the bark brown,
vith flat ridges and shallow aa leaf-blades obovate or oblane eolate,
r rarely od elliptic, 5-15 em. long, coarsely toothed, cuneate or rarely
funded at the base, finely gray- oue. beneath: acorns ae or nearly
so; cup he emispher ie, 13-18 mm. wide; nut e ellipsoid. -ovoid, 15-25 . long.—
(SCRUB CHESTNUT-OAK. DWARE mite -OAK. )—Dry sa fay. p rocky,
often acid, mE various provinees, N. C. to Tex., Minn., and Me.
12. Q. austrina ers Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the bark gray or brownish-
gray, more or scaly and broken into wide ridges; leaf-blades cuneate
to elliptic- cuneate, 5- = long, with 3-5 blunt oe ascending, white-
tomentose beneath but soon Eb Us ae green a acorns sessile or
aioe stalked; n Ends o ic, 12-16 mm. wide; nut aa vid, 15-20 mm. long.
[9 A pi Walt. ae woods, often. on river-bluffs, Coastal Plain, Fla.
d 8.
Q. Durandii Buckl. Tree becoming 16 m. tall, light-gray or nearly pis,
the into thin loos ip appressed seales: leaf- blades narrowly elliptic, vary-
ing to broadest ee r below the middle, 4-10 cm. long, entire or s lightly
5-lobed near the a 2 05 whitish- tomentose Tenet pale: green above:
acorns peed Saale cup Mac shallow s mm. wide, thin-sealy ; nut ovoid
r somewhat depressed, Paus 10 ong.—(BASTARD WHITE-OAK. PIN-
OAK. WHITE- OAK.)— pid unb. mostly ealeareous, Coastal Plain,
Ga. fo Tex. and Ark
Q. minima (Sarg.) Small. Shrub, with underground stems, the branches
less than 1 m. tall, the bark ips own, either pa = or pd leaf- blades obovate
r sometimes elliptie or oblanceolate in outline, 3—10 . long, g cela - id
d Tir d beneath ín -toothed or iios of the upper lea
s solitary or several on a peduncle; cup hemispheric, aboni
15 mm. wi wide; um ovoid or bra 15- mes mm, lon Q. virens a
Chapm. Q. virginiana minima Sarg. Q. ana dentata Sarg. ]— ( SCRUB-
OAK. DWARF-LIVE-OAK. )—Flat pinelands, ‘Coastal Plain, Fla. to S ae and
Ga.
15. Q. geminata Small. Shrub, m. tall with trunk usually
curved: leaf-blades narrowly elliptic, "olipii, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 3—6
em. long, entire, revolute, very stiff, De dein in. tomentose be-
neath: aeorns usually 2 at the end of a alk; eup t ics about 10 mm.
wide; a nut ibn or narrowly oval, 10-17. mm. long. [Q. virens maritima
Chapm.]— LIVE-OAK. SCRUB LIVE-OAK.)— Sandy hammo a scrub, oe
sand: oe Coastal an Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Hybridizes with Q. "Mar
gar -xQ.H
Q. virginiana Mill. Tr ds with pe trunk and wide- micans branches,
betont 30 m. tall, the bark brown gray, broken into piii dad pid by
to obova oblan
e Pr em. long, entire, except sometimes on shoots, slightly EU
above, pale beneath: poscis solitary, or spicate on peduncles; cup
oe ae mm. wide; nut ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 20-25 mm. long,
more than twice as long as the cup. [Q. virens Ait. M E OAK. een: ds
and iun. Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. I., Mez.)—Hy-
FAGACEAE 427
bridizes with Q. iyrata-x Q. Comptonae.—Q. Andromeda Ridd. differs in
its smooth leaf- bts des whieh are veinless on both sides.— The rough bark
furnishes a favorite anchorage for ‘‘air-plants’’ and many species of them
may be found on it in the more southern latitudes. The spread of the branches
is, often, much greater than the height of the tree.
17. Q. his pcd Sarg. Shrub, or tree becoming 15 m. tall the bark
brown, sometimes rather pale, broken into aps pc "Jeaf-blades
obovate or elliptic, or somewhat cuneate, 5-10 cm. long, sinuately 3-lobed
near the apex, or merely undulate, sparingly ee ones th, lustrous
above: acorn e or nearly so; cup dod i e 15-20 mm.
wide; nut void. oval ovoid, e is ong. [Q.. e E dica.
Ma ur J—(CHAPMAN’S-OAK. ScRU oS ee hammock rub,
Coastal Plain, Fla te S. MINES as var a on the Rd ides abo
Port pedem Flo lorida, resembles Q. bi eal but it has thick-edged acorn-
cups. It may represent another specie
18. Q. Rolfsii Small. Shrub, or small tree 7 m. tall, with hard rigid branches,
the bark brown, scaly: leaf- "blades cuneate, 2.5-6 cm. long, mostly 3-lobed
at the apex, or sometimes 5-lobed, bright- Min oe us and finely reticulate
bo pale and thinly stellate- -pubescent t ben acorns usually in pairs at
the ends of short peduneles: cup hemisphe E stout pai about 1.5
. em. broad; nut pup E n5 d broadest 3d the middle, 2—2.5 em. long,
about ia included in cup.—(ROLFS’-OAK. SCRUB-OAK. \— Hammocks, and
scrub, lower E coast, r3
Q. succulenta Small. Shrub, mostly about 1 m. tall, with soft, partly
Bb. spreading. branches, the ba rk brownish, slightly scaly: le af-blade es
linear to cuneate, fleshy-coriaceous, 2—4.5 cm. long, entire or with 3—5 slightly
: h.
; :
spinescent lobe-like teeth, smooth and glabrous above Eo pe beneat
ns peduneled; cup saucer-shaped, 3-4 mm. high, broad; nut
d conic, 1-1.5 cm. long, only the very "base included 1 in the cup.—
ands, S pen. Fla.
20. pa pumila Walt. Shrub with underground stems, the branches 3-6 dm.
ta sometimes taller: ous oo ipie narrowly e n varying to
ue or oblanceolate, ong, more or less mentose be-
neath, entire, os night reped: acorns sessile or m sO; cup
saucer-shaped, sometimes deeply so, 12-15 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 10-15 mm.
lon pigs iei -OAK. )— Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
. myrtifolia Willd. Shrub, or tree becoming 6 m. tall, the bark brown,
00 r somewhat furrowed: leaf-blades obovate or oval, -5 em. long,
entire, evergreen, shiny above ^ ull beneath: acorn sessile nearly so; cup
i 1 mm. wide;
; : Chapm.]— ha
mocks, se crub, ied sand-ridges, Coastal Plain, Fla. to [e bes S. C.—Supposed
- to us h Q. —xQ. oviedoensis.—An ent form of this
Species fro lake foin of Florida, with larger at Toad ed leaf-
blades, has bo deseribed as Q. inopina Ashe.
22. Q. microcarya Small Shrub, or tree becoming 5 m. tall, the bark
brown, often any fissured and sealy: leaves deciduous; blades broadly
spatulato in outline, 5-10 em. long, undulate or shallowly lobed, Nds in
the vein-axils = UN ay sessile; cup deep saucer-shape wide;
nut yore oid, 8-9 . long, n early lo in the cup.— — Granite socio along
streams or SEE Little § B uc Mt. on the Piedmont, Ga.
428 FAGACEAE
23. Q. a L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark gray or blackish, or
tinged with red, broken into appressed s cales: leaves deciduous northwar d,
partly d southward; blades spies late to spatulate or rhombic in
r ine, ety ui entire and sometimes wiih a dilated te rminal lobe, or
R AK.
un DUCK-OAK. POSSUM-OAK.)— Sandy soil, swamps, <r river-
wamps, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ill, and
. J.—Hybridizes with Q. cinerea=x Q. caduca; with Q. laevis = E Wal-
teriana.
24. v laurifolia Michx. Tree agains 30 m. tall, the bark dark-brown
or nearly black, with flat ridges and deep furrows: leaves Hal a or partly
deciduous northwa rd; blades flat in bud, elliptic, varying to oval or obovate,
4—13 em. long, e entire, deep- Ped glabrous: aeorn E d or nearly
_sessile; cup he emispherie, 10-15 mm. wide; nut ovoid or globose-ovoid, 10—15
mm. long. [Q. Phellos iE Cha apm.]—(LAUREL-OAK. WATER-OAK. WIL-
LOW-OAK. LiVE-OA pes "n. ammocks and river- pw Coastal Plain
and rarely Piedmon Fir P5 and Va.—Supposed to hybridize with
laevis x Q. Mellic ndun with * cinerea =x Q. eo laurifolin (? Q. atlantica
Ashe)
25. Q. Phellos L. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the bark brown or reddish-
brown, ultimately with Lp scaly pistes and shallow fissures: har all
deciduous, turning yellow in fa ll; blades revolute and E filiform in bud,
linear or linear r-elliptie A pane or Mas nceola te uo m. long, shining
and glabrous at maturity, entire: acorn sile eae cup sau
pee. 10-15 mm. wide; nut subglo es pus ue or pee bier.
about 1 em. long.— (WIL iow one CAM UA mps, deg -banks, and sandy bot
toms, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. Y.—
Hybridizes with Q. T x Q. Rudkinii; e Q. velutina = 0. dubia;
with Q. rubra=x Q. subfalca
26. Q. obtusa (Willd.) Pursh. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the bark brown,
. ultimately shallowly fissured and ridged: leaves somewhat persistent,
cun
not wholly evergreen; blades elliptic-cuneate ia eate, or elliptic-obovate,
6—12 lo E Ru) ee -green: acorn sessile; cup saucer-
RM very fl wide; BODIE Or itg Los 7-9 mm.
[Q. hybrite Es Small] Rive banks and bottoms, DA cal-
ANE Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.
27. Q. cinerea Michx. Small tree, the bark gray, dark-brown, or blackish,
broken into squarish plates: leaves deciduous; blades elliptic, varying to
lanceolate or s rog 5-19 cm. ong, mainly entire, pale-green, gray-
tomentose beneath: ae nearly sessile; id saucer-shaped, 10-15 :
ae nut ellipsoid or E about 15 mm. uu E a t p
LAND WILLOW-OAK. BLUE-JACK. HIGH-GROUND OAK. SAND-JA
CINNAMON-OAK. )—Sand- pde dry woods, and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex. Okla., and N. C—Hybridizes with Q. vis=xQ. Ashei; with Q.
lourifolia = x 0. piri (1 Q. atlantica deus ); with Q. di dica
XQ. carolinensis . nigra -xQ. cu with ? Q. velut x Q.
a re (Q. eer p with Q. rubra=x Q. M iE: eth Q.
myrtifolia = x Q. oviedoensi
28. Q. rbd EAT 'Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the in pond and ofte
red-tinged, broken into broad sealy ridges: leaves ‘deciduous; blades e elliptie,
varying to lónceolaté > oblanceolate, 6-20 cm. long, mainly En E softly brown-
FAGACEAE 429
tomentose beneath: acorns short-talked; IP ea Ripe 15-20 mm.
wide; nut ovoid or subglobose, 10-15 m DAR eno AK.)—Dry rich
0005 pn provinces, of Coastal ES Ga. to Ark, N ebr., and Pa.;
also SE N. Y. and E Mass.—Hybridizes with 9. marilandica = x Q. tridentata.
29. Q. palustris Du 2 Tree becoming 6 m. tall, the rbd branehes re-
xed, the bark grayish-brown o r light- boxes rather smooth except for small
i leaf- ee broadly oval, m g to ovate or obovate in n outline, 6-15
. long, merely pubescent in the in axils Da. deeply pinnatifid, the
ym oblong. lanceolate, or triangul acorns short- ET ae saucer-
shaped, -l4 mm. Ri, ide; nut d -ovoid, -15 long.—(SwAMP
SPANISH-OAK. PIN-O WA = R SPANISH AR.) — —Woo ds ‘ond swamps, vari-
ous pees rare in S ascia Tenn. to Okla., Kans., Mich., Pa., and
Mas
. Q. geo rgiana M. A. Curtis. Shrub, or tree pesotung 8 m. tall, the bark
or the vein-axils pubescent Digest EEE, the lobes triangular or ovate:
o sessile or short-stalk ed; cup saucer-shape an ovoid
subglobose, 10-14 Gr foe RGIA-OAK. ped NE E Mou ie
mm. long.—(
Granito and E ridges, Piedmont, Ga. and Ala — Hybridizes with Q.
marilandica =x Q. Smallii.
31. Q. maxima (Marsh.) Ashe. Tree becoming 50 m. tall, the lower branches
spreading, the bark brown ultimately with I d _Tidges s with x e oh
plates: leaf-blades oval, varying from ovate to obov in outline "20 e
ong, T tufts of hairs in the vein- ae boc. E 5-7- lobod, pus red
n fall, the lobes ascending, the sinuses rounded: acorns e stalked; ; eup
saucer- Shape, 25-35 mm. wide; nut ovoid, 25-30 mm. long. [Q. a Du Roi]
—(RED-OAK.)—Woods and bluffs, various provinces, N Fla. to Okla., and
Minn., and N. $8.
32. Q. Shumardii Buckl. Tree becoming 65 m. tall, the bark reddish-brown,
Eer ridged and somewhat scaly: eaf-blades oval, varying to obovate
in outline, 6-20 cm. long, with tufts of hairs in the vein-axils beneath, pin-
nately 5 7-lobed, "the lobes ascending, elliptic or triangular, the sinuses
corn short-stalked or nearly sessile; cup saucer-shaped, 20—30
ms
often caleareous, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, N Fla. to Tex. and Ia
Q. Schneckii Britton. Tree nearly simil o Q. Shumard4á in habit
d foliage: acorn sessile or slightly stalked, ae by the constricted
base of the cup; cup turbinate or hemispheric, 20-30 mm. wide, the scales
thin or thinnish, appressed; nut ovoid, 20-30 mm ers .—NW oods, stream-
banks, aa hillsides, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to Tex., Okla.,
and Ohi
34. Q. borealis Michx. f. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the bep eed often
red-tinged, with o. scaly plates: leaf-blades m ainly oval to elliptic in out-
20 em. lon
A mostly 15— ng, gla idu pinnately 7—13-lobed, the ree as long
e body or longer: aea iid alked; eup turbinate, 14—18 mm. wide;
m E commonly 18-2 ong.— (Gnar-on -0AK.)—Woods and ‘hillsides,
Has
Blue Ridge and more eee proces N. C. to Ont., Que., and N. S.
been ied from Ark.
35. Q. coccinea Wang. Tree becoming 50 m. tall, the bark brown, with
o pose and sealy ridges: leaf-blades o val, varying to ellipt ie or
obovate in outline, 10-20 cm. long, glabrous, exe the tufted vein-axils
,430 FAGACEAE
beneath, or with these sometimes nearly or quite hairless, bright-red in Re pin-
nately. 5-7- lobed, the lobes id PE acorn sessile E short-stalked ;
adl
eup broadly or shallowly p. , 19-20 mm. wide, more or less d ed
at the base; nut ovoid or ellipsoid -ovoid, mos tly 10-20 m ae ng.— (SCARLET-
OAK. SPANISH-OAK. RED-OAK.)—Dry woods and hillsides, various provinces,
Ga. to Nebr., Ont., and Me.
Q. laevis Walt. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the bark gray or bluish-
A m prominent ridged and broken into thick scales or blocks: leaf-blades
elliptie to in outline, 9—20 cm. long, glabrous, except the tufted vein
axils Pea prm veiny, reen both sides, deeply pinnate-lobed, red
in fall, the lobes elliptic, ovate, or usually lanceolate, often curved: acorn
_Short-stalked; cup broadly turbinate, puse m rather flat, 25-30 mm. wide
with incurved scales; nut ovoid, 20—25 mm. loge. [Q. Catesbaei Miehx J
(SAND BLACK-JACK. URKEY-OAK. FORKED-LEAF. SCRUB-OAK.)— p ry
e and acid sand-ridges, Coastal Plain and rarely Piedmont,
Va.—Hybridizes with Q. cmerea=xQ. Ashe; with Q. rubr i uf.
NR with Q. laurifolia = x Q. Mellichampi; with Q. nigra x Q. Walteriana.
37. Q. marilandica Muench. Tree becoming 20 m. tall the bark iini
brown or nearly blaek, broken into vi imd Pe or blocks very rough
leaf-blades broadly or na rrowly obovate in outl 8-17 cm. long, 3-5- lobed
ith ingle dilated iter minal lobe, bro ae uber. 'benea i ped
sessile or short-stalked; cup turbinate or arc urs 6—20
wide; nut subglobose or ovoid, 10-20 mm. long. [Q. a L.]— (BLACR-
JACK. BARREN-OAK, IRON-OAK. SCRUB-OAK.)—Dry clayey Toky soil, vari-
ous provinces, d Blue Ridge, » E to Tex Minn S CY
Hybridizes with Q. cinerea=xQ. rolinensis; with Q. po es x Q.
Smallu; with Q. P cd = X e tr pie with 9. velutina =x Q. Bushii;
with Q. ” Phellos = x Q. Rudkin
. Q. A ues Sarg. Tree sometimes with crooked trunk becoming 15
m. > ual, k gray, brown, or nearly pe with long "uud wed ridges:
leaf- blades o. rhombic-cuneate or rh mbie -obovate, 6-15 cm. long,
broadly 3-lobed near the apex, deep-green Se slightly ee Ah beneath,
glabrous at aped n dh the baited vein-axils bru E slender.
wid
petioled: pede sessil early so; cup saucer-shaped, e; n
ovoid, 10-15 lon n tQ. caput rivuli Ashe) Sandy 7 river aen buffs
and amok. Coastal Plain, W Fla. to Ark
39. Q. velutina Lam. Tree becoming 50 m. tall the bark dark-brown or
nearly blaek, the broad eae with aera scales: leaf-blades m or
obovate in outline, 10-30 cm. long, usually rusty-pubescent beneath, pinnately
lobed, the lobes coarsely | bristle. toothed: acorn a Or nearly S0; cup turbinat
or hemi ispheri ne rbin 20— E mm. long. [Q. t ahs Bartr. Q. coccinea
tinctoria A. Gray ee OAK. YELLOW-BARKED OAK. Quencimnos, oH a
Dry, prp Sen or rocky oi, various provinces, N Fla, to E Tex.,
Ont., and Hybridizes with Q. Phellos =x Q. dubia; with 9. eva x vm
podophylla v petiolaris Ashe); with. Q. mau dca xQ. Bus
40. Q. ru ues L. Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the bark blackish with broad scaly
ridges: leaf-blades ovate or oval in outline, finely tomentose with yellowish-
innatifid a j i
om
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: aring or scyth
shaped | m Sprang and 3-lobed at the apex in Q. rubra triloba), turning
br : acorn short-stalked; cup flat- aa or saucer-shaped above
the. turbinate bs ase, 15-18 mm. wide; nut subglobose, 10-15 mm. long. [@.
falcata. Michx. Q. triloba Michx. Q. digitata (Marsh.) Sudw.]—(REp-oAK.
A aeee g )—Dry woods, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain and. occasionally
URTICACEAE 431
adj. np C Fla. to Tex. Mo., Ind., —Hybridizes with Q.
laevis x Q. bluft onensis ; with Q. Phellos = "ns SEE] ; with Q. cinerea
ex. subintegra.
. Q. Pagoda Raf. Tree becoming 32 m. tall the bark blackish or gray-
i da ips with plate-like seales: leaf- blades oval to ine in outline,
15-30 em. long, persistently white-tomentose, pinnatifid abov uneate or
Dac qe into 5—13 lanceolate or narrowly triangula ibe a rn sessile
or nearly so; cup Ss bist. or saucer-shaped above the turbinate
base, wee mm. D E I about 10 mm. long. [Q. pagod oF
(Ell) Ashe]—(SPANI P SPANISH-OAK.)— Woods, river bottom
and river- SC CET Plain and pus Piedmont, Fla. to Ark., Mo., and Va.
42. Q. ilicifolia Wang. Shrub rather intricately branched, or tree becoming
7 m. tall,the bark brown, smooth except for small scales: leaf-blades obovate
or oval in outline, 6-12 em. long, with white or pale-gray tomentum beneath,
pinnatifid into 3-5 triangular or deltoid lobes: acorns short- stalked. or nearly
E ü ru saucer-shaped, flat at the base or sometimes constricted, 14—18
lon
; nut ovoid- joe or depressed, e 15 y a sat Q. Él
(Marsh). Sar £.]—(BEAR-OAK. BLACK SCRUB-OAK.)—A eid sandy or rocky
ek especially in pine barrons and on bare 20 Disc D. various prov-
, S. C. to Ky., Ohio, and Me.
OnbpER URTICALES — URTICAL ORDER
rubs or trees, or herbs. Leaves alternate, or in the case of herbs
often opposite: blades simple, entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers vari-
ous, not in aments. Calyx present. Corolla wanting. Androecium often
of as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium of a single carpel or
of 2 united carpels. Fruit an achene, a samara, a drupe, a syncarp, or a
syconium.
Fruit E cH the achenes sometimes in the accrescent sepals and forming a
Flowers not on a receptacle: fruit not a syncarp:
pps neither thick and juicy nor enveloping
achen
Style or. 'stigma 1: the latter Wes e tufted :
ovule erect : filaments inflexed in the bud. Fam. 1. URTICACEAE.
Styles or stigmas 2: ovule ae. filaments
erect in the bud. am. 2. CANNABINACEAE.
Flowers on the outside or inside of a receptacle:
fruit a syncarp or syconium: sepals accrescent, en-
veloping the achene. Fam. 3. ARTOCARPACEAE.
Fruit a samara or a drupe, sometimes nut-like. Fam. 4. ULMACEAE
Faminy 1. URTICACEAE — Nerte FAMILY
Herbs or shrubby plants, often with stinging hairs. Leaf-blades
entire, toothe a or uon lobed. Flowers dioecious, monoecious, o
polyg yx of 2-5 distinct or partially united Sepals.
>
BS
eu
EI
"eB
="O
B
d
[e
SiS
B
-
»
pd o
pee]
Rn.
09.
m
[t9]
ie)
— ium arpel.
achene.—About 40 genera and 550 species of wide geo graphie Rem
tion.—Our species have greenish or greenish-white, inconspicuous flowers.
Sepals d the pistillate flowers distinct or slightly united: achene not invested by
e ca
Flowers not inv
Pistillate flow ers with a calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Tribe E
Pistillate flowers with a calyx e = sepals. Tribe it PILE
Flowers or flower-clusters involucra Tribe III. PARIBTANHAE:
492 J URTICACEAE
Sepals of the pistillate flowers united: calyx-tube invest-
ing the achene. Tribe IV. BOEHMERIEAE.
I. UREREAE
Stigma subulate, not tufted: ovary and achene oblique. 1. URTICASTRUM.
Stigma tufted: ovary and achene equilateral. 2. URTICA.
II, PILEAE
Sepals yn the pistillate pick nearly equal, all slightly broad-
ened or hooded e 3. ADICEA.
Sepals at the pistillate flowers very unequal, the larger one
helmet-like, 4. PILEA.
II. PARIETARIEAE
Diffuse flimsy herbs with soft watery stems and leaves. D. PARIETARIA.
IV. BOEHMERIEAE
Flowers monoecious, in glomerules on branches: leaves opposite. | 6. BOEHMERIA.
Flowers dioecious, in axillary or lateral compound clusters :
leaves alternate. . RAMIUM.
1. URTICASTRUM Fabr. Perennial herbs with stinging hairs. Leaves
alternate: blades toothed. Pistillate flowers with a calyx of 5 sepals and an
oblique ovary.—About 25 species mostly o
tropical regions.
1. U. divaricatum (L.) Kuntze. Stem
2-12.dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, ovate-
orbicular, or elliptic, 5-20 em. long, long-
petioled: panicles "'Sprea ading, the lower
staminate, the upper ace taps ob-
long, or broader in the pis wers:
achene DE iren 3 mm. in eens
exserted.— (W TTLE. CANADA-NETTLE.
NETTLE-PATCH. )— Rich woods and bottoms,
various provinces, Fla. to Kans.,
d N. S.—Sum.
2. URTICA [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial often coarse herbs with
stinging hairs. Leaves opposite: blades toothed or incised-lobed. Pistillate
flowers with a calyx of 4 distinct sepals and an equilateral ovary.—About 30
species of Wide geographic distribution. NETTLES.
Annual: flower-clusters simple.
Leaf- — incised-toothed, the upper ones but little re-
duc . U. urens.
Leaf- Dad crenate-dentate, the upper ones much reduced. 2. U. chamaedryoides.
Perennial: flower-clusters compound.
Stems it api ced bristly : Heus more than half the
breadth of the leaf-blad 3. U. gracilis.
Stems CR ns petioles less than half the breadth
of the leaf-blades 4. U. dioica.
1. U. urens L. Stem and branches 1—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or
ovate, 14 em. long, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, incised, the teeth
URTICACEAE . 433
acute; petioles 35 as long as the blades, or
more: achene about 2 mm. iuc m od foc
ETTLE.
various provinces, Fla. to Calif., Sor Y, and
Newf.—Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)—S8 —fall.
2. chamaedryoides Pursh. em and
branches 1-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate-
hickets, Coastal Plain and adj.
modus. | Fla. to Tex, Ark, and Ky.—
r.-sum..
acilis Ait. Stem 6-28 dm. tall:
ee blades lanceolate, occasionally med so, 6-15 cm. long, ned
serrate: sepals hi [is lous: achene fully 1 mm. long.— (TALL WILD-NETTLE.)
— e-rows and river-banks, mire provinces, N. C. to La., B. C;, Ont., ee
fall.
4, pega L. aad bmi dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
3—1 ong, pro ntly incised-serrate, cordate, sometimes: deeply so:
V. ae chiepidalous: ener fully 1 mm. long.—(STINGING-NETTLE. Um
Md a and Mic ha various provinces, S. C. to Mo., Minn., and N. S.—
Nat. of Eu.—Sum.—fal
3. ADICEA Raf. Annual or perennial erect succulent herbs. Leaves
inly opposite: blades toothed, 3-ribbed. Flowers dioecious. Sepals of the
vistillata flowers 3, nearly equal, slightly
broader and more or less hooded at the
a j tigma
tufted.—One species in the United ps
perhaps others in tropical Americ
1. A. pumila (L.) Raf. Stem 1-7 dm. tall,
translucent, watery: leaf-blades ovate to
elliptic, 3- 10 em ong, coarsely crenate-
CHURLE-HEMP. 0-
TING. COOLWEED:)—Moist ae and cool __
shaded places, various provinees, Fla. to La., Minn., and N. H.—Sum.-fall.
4. PILEA Lindl. Depressed, often creeping, succulent herbs. Leaves
mainly: alternate: blades entire, l-ribbed. Flowers monoecious. Sepals of
the pistillate flowers 3, very unequal, 2 of them flat, the thir rd one much
larger, helmet-like, often enclosing the achene. Sema tufted.—About 200
species, mostly tropieal.
dic E sessile in the leaf-axils or nearly so, very short: plants mostly monoe-
Leaf-blades Ver icular to oval-orbicular or ee less than twice
as long: as wide,. long-petioled. . P. herniarioides.
Leaf-blades elliptic, viene AL or obovate, over twice
ong as wide,. short-petioled. 2. P. microphylla.
434 URTICACEAE
ee stalked and elongate, becoming as long as the
r nearly so: plants mostly dioecious. 3. P. serpyllifolia.
1. P. herniarioides (Sw.) Lindl. Stem and Toa filiform, prostrate or
decumbent, 3-10 em. long: leaf-blades 2—4 lon ng, obtuse at the apex,
very thin at least when dry, transversely
rink
maller iri yd Pip ng:
achene oben ovoid, 0.4
Hammocks, S pen. Fla. ud Florida Keys —
(W. I.)
2. P. microphylla (L.) Liebm. Stem and
branches spreading or creeping, 2-15 em.
ng: leaves; and flower-clusters not
crowded; blades 2-6 mm. long, acute or
acutish: "smaller Wii mostly d (ied
0.6 mm. long.—
ish or pink: ach 0.5—0.6
Pinelands and Jona pen. Fla. a the
Keys.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
3 P. serpyllifolia (Poir) Wedd. Stem
and branches erect, becoming diffuse, 3 dm. long or cies thick and succulent:
leaves, and flower- clusters, pers blades pudiqis to elliptic-obovate or
when dr
cuneate, 3-8 mm dee Rs , thick a firm ry: smaller icd
.ovate, greenish: hene ahs e 0.5 lon mmus. PLANT pm —Pin
lands and waste- ies pen. Fla. mne "res p of Mex.—(W. i,
Mex., C. A., S. A.)
5. PARIETARIA [Tourn] L. Annual or perennial imsy succulent
herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers polygamous, in clustered
involuerate axillary cymes, the involueres of 2—6 mo i Or es united bracts.
Stigma tufted.—About 7 species, widely distributed.—
Plant annual, with fibrous roots : stem and branches finely or minutely pubescent.
Leaf- E ades ER longer raon wide, mostly 1-6 cm.
ac
over 1 mm. long.
ene ladas of an ovate or elliptic type, relatively
long-petiol 1. P. floridana.
Leaf-blades of a lanceolate type, relatively short-
p 2. P. pennsylvanica.
iu cis mostly a S wide as long or wider, mostly 0.5
achene “leas than 1 mm, wide. 3. P. nummularia.
eunt t perennial, with Es ng woody roots, and with somewhat
and bran ccs coarsely Te scene 4. P. officinalis.
floridana Nutt. Stems 1-5 dm oe usually iei often mueh
Bode 2 blades bos to subrhombie 0.5-5 cm. long: sepals acute:
achene ovoid, —Ham and
ei shaded i Coastal Plain, EN to
Tex. and N. C.—(W. I.)
2. derbi Muhl. Stems 1—4 dm
sepals and ns. Pistillate spikes
leaf- blades lanceolate is ae or some-
times broader, 1-6 cm. long, a or acumi-
nate at the base: sepals acute: puo oval,
den lmm.long.—(HAMMERWORT. PELLI-
Y.) —Dry, often Re Tanke, or woods,
uns provinees, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont.,
and Me.
nummularia Small Stem usually
NN at base, the branches becoming
assurgent or prostrate, mostly 1-3 dm. long:
URTICACEAE 435
leaf-blades reniform, to rhombic-orbicular or orbicular-ovate, obtuse, A
long-petioled: sepals abruptly pointed: achene E Tae dos H
et sandy soil, often in hammocks, E an pis en. Fla umerous very Sali
leaves gives this Pn the aspect of a mall- ill E oe of this
species and those of P. floridana have pence Bean referred to the New
Zealand P. debilis.
4. P. officinalis L. Stem bei yee ie the base, hirsute: leaf-blades
ovate, sometimes. idc more or less acuminate at the
apex, petioled: sepals w am e ‘ovoid, ~ mm. long.—Sandy
pinelands, old fields, and E pen. Fla. Nat of Eu.
6. BOEHMERIA Jacq. Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite: blades
Boones, often 3-ribbed. Flowers mone IOUN in clusters on _ branches, the
Achene included in the a accrescent calyx.—About 50 species
mostly in tropical regions.— The plants produce a fiber valuable for weaving
into dcl LES
Legf-blades leathery, finely serrate; petioles much shorter than the blades.
1. B. Drummondiana.
E o relatively thin, coarsely serrate ; petioles as long
blades or little shorter.
Main pair of lateral nerves arising at the base of the leaf-
. 2. B. cylindrica.
Main Da ‘of lateral nerves arising some distance above
the base of the leaf-blade. 3. B. decurrens.
Drummo gie e dd. Stems 2-12 dm. tall, typically rough-pubescent:
leat blade S eum ov to elliptie-ovate, or the lower ones orbicular to reni-
form, 2-5 c . lon bog or rarely larger, short-
petioled: flow er-clusters mostly c contiguous:
inflorescence- brane hes short: achene mostly
about 1.5 mm. “wide, [B. scabra (Porter)
Small] — (Boa P.) — Swamps
grounds and i munere various Boone)
Fla. to Tex., Kans., Mich., and Con
2. B. cylindrica (L.) Willd. Stems 7
dm. tall, typically smooth and glabro
leaf-blades pliable, ovate to lanceolate, 3
2 em. ] -petioled:
mostly separate: inflorescence- ru ches
elongate: achene mostly about :
wide. — (BUTTON-HEMP. ka s and
moist shaded places, m are Fla.
to Tex., Minn., Que Me.—-Although closely ee some of our
stinging-nettles jn habit, m amd: is devoid of stinging-hairs
3. S Small. Stem 7—12 dm. tall, typically smooth and glabrous
leaf- "blades Is pan late to ovate- “lanceolate, 10-18 em. long, sparsely Mund
beneath; petioles relatively slender: flower-clusters mainly e NM achenes
fully 1. d mm. wide.—Sandy, usually low or moist places, N Fla
7. RAMIUM pasa Perennial shrubby plants. Leaves alternate:
blades toothed. Flowers dioecious, in axillary or lateral compound clusters
with slender branches, ps pistillate with 4 united sepals enelosing the ovary.
436 CANNABINACEAE
Stigma elongate. Achene included in the
little changed calyx.—Few species, mostly
Asiatic.
1. R. niveum (L.) Small. Stem and
s more or less woody, 1-3 m. tall:
,t
dens a white dieses cent: achene about
mm. DE [Boehmeria nivea (L.) Ga taj
—( RAMIE. )— Waste places, cult. E
S. C. Nat. of Asia.
Famity 2. CANNABINACEAE — Hemp FAMILY
Annual or Dd often eoarsely pubescent herbs. Leaves oppo
site or sometimes alternate: blades toothed, lobed, or divided. Flow
don. the pistillate in bracted spikes, with an entire perianth, nd. a
an
ynoecium of 2 united earpels, the ovary l-e rui achene.—
Two genera and about 4 species of the Northern oee
Stem twining: leaf-blades usually 3-lobed : fruit a drooping con 1. HUMULUS.
Stems erect : leaf-blades 3-7- -parted : fruit spicate on stiff branches. 2. CANNABIS.
HUMULUS L. Perennial vines. Leaves opposite: blades serrate or
et Pistillate flowers 2 together in droop-
ing spikes which become cone-like at maturity.
—Two or 3 species widely distributed in the
north temperate zone.—HoPs
lc H. L. Stem and bra
pubescent with pd a, re ades
o
diameter, 3—6-lobed and. Sa e ei
serrate: mature pistillate spikes 3-8 cm.
long, dis or cylindric: achene d
m n diameter.—(Hor.)—Grown for
the bitter "hops—the fruits—which ie Pad
in brewing.—Thickets, fence- A and waste-
places, various provinces, Fla. to Ariz., Wis.,
and N. S. Nat. of Eurasia.—Sum.
2. CANNABIS [Tourn] L. Annual coarse herbs. Leaves opposite or
sprees blades digitately divided. Pistil- "A
ate flowers solitary, bracted, spieate at m
m E by the following enl
only.—HEMPS
1. C. sativa L. Stem 1-4 m. tall, rough-
pubescent, the inner bark tough:
ades cm ivisi
-—
—
blades 4-15 . lon divisions sat
linear or linear-lanceolate, serrate, acumi-
ate: t pistillate spikes leafy-
bracted: ache A ng.
(Hemp. HANGMAN'S-HEMP.)— —Waste-places
and ip eae various porius Si -:
Tenn. Kans., Minn,
and B.
Asia. Ao — Hemp is Peel both. bes
ARTOCARPACEAE 437
its fiber which is made into cloth and cordage, and as a source of a narcotic
drug—hashish.
Famity 3. ARTOCARPACEHAE — MULBERRY FAMILY
Shrubs or tre he sap milky. — es mostly alternate: blades
equilateral, n Wu md or lobed. Flowers monoecious or dioecious, in
ament-like spikes or sed i NUN the staminate wit
stamens, the pistillate with a calyx of 3-5 sepa hieh greatly enlarge
and su d or enve the achene: gynoecium of united carpels;
styles or stigmas n syconium.—Ab
genera and 1000 species, natives of tropical and Sii regions.—Our
species have flowers with a green or greenish calyx
ungere i dn pistillate flowers on the outside of a receptacle: style or stigma ter-
Stig as 2, short: pistillate spike cylindric Tribe MORE
Stigma solitary, elongate: pistillate ‘spike | g lobos Tribe iE PATLICAN:
Staminate and pistillate flowers on the inside of a oade:
style lateral. Tribe III. FICEAE.
I. MOR
Widely branched shrubs and trees, the pies spikes becoming
succulent, white, pink, purple, or nearly black. 1. MORBUS.
II. Pap
E EE spikes cylindric: achene O a. "Jeaf-blades toothed
or lo 2. PAPYRIUS.
Staminate spikes globose: achene deeply imbedded: leaf-blades
entir 3. TOXYLON.
III. FICEAE
Shrubs and trees with milky sap, often producing copious aerial
roots. 4. Ficus.
1. MORUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with ed bark. is decid-
uous: blades commonly serrate, sometimes lobed. Sta e flowers cylin
drie spikes, with 4 sepals and 4 stamens. Pistillate iios cylindric: us 4,
the lateral ones larger than the others: stigmas 2, short. Fruit KM. the
achenes included in the calyx.—About 10 species, natives of the northern
hemisphere.— The inner = furnishes a fiber that has been used ou pre-
historie times.—MULBERR
eel white or pinkish. 1l. M. alba.
Syncarp black at maturity. 2. M. nigra.
Leaf blades softly pubescent beneath. 3. M. rubra.
' 1. M. alba L. Tree 5-12 m. tall, with sparingly pubescent twigs: leaf-blades
ovate to oval or Aes 2 6-20 em. long, becoming glabrous beneath:
staminate spikes 1—2 . lo P fruit E
globose Me ovaLoblong, T 2 em. long, white
or pin HITE- MULBERRY.) — — Road-
sides, fields anl thickets, various Pm
Ga. to ban Minn. and Me. Nat. of Eu.
Spr.-
2. M. nigra L. Shrub, or tree sometimes
becoming 8 m. tall, with pubescent twigs:
leaf-blades ovate, 4—15 em. long, abruptly
short-pointed, becoming glabrous, but usu-
ally rough above: staminate spikes 1—2 cm.
fruits oval-oblon 2 ong,
— (BLACK-MULBERRY ce-
rows, roadsides and ste s er
provinees, Fla. to Tex. anon! Te t. of Eurasia.—Spr.
438 ARTOCARPACEAE
M. rubra L. Tree becoming 20 m. pe with early glabrous twigs: leaf-
blades ovate to oval or abs ovate, 6-20 ¢ m softly pubescent beneath:
staminate spikes 4-8 ong: fruit cylindrie m. lo eep-red or
purplish. ( Ren- Co. )—Rich woods and re Map p
Fla. to Tex., S. D., Ont., and Vt.—Spr.—Perhaps two s are i
e
z
R
, pec Invo
M. rubra as zi pA pus The plants of Florida, especially those Bon
the southern part of the State, have thieker, more copiously veiny, and mo ore
n nsely ci tiu leaf’ blade es than in the more northern plants. The frui
too, is drier, more compact, and more spicy in flavor than that of the northern
plant. In Florida the mulberry is largely confined to the sites of abor riginal
activity. Trees extend well to the Cape Sable r region. They are always
deciduous, while the host of associates are evergreen. The fibrous inner bark
was used by the aborigines for clothing and for making other objects.
2. PAPYRIUS Lam. Trees with smooth bark. Leaves deciduous:
blades serrate, often lobed. Staminate flowers in cylindric spikes, with 4
sepals an stamens. Pistillate. spi w
globose: calyx 4-lobed: stigma 1, elon ngat
Fruit globular, each achene biu nd
from the det calyx.—Four species,
siatic.
papyrifera (L.) Kuntze. Tree re-
1.
Pu. the red-mulberry in habit, some-
times 15 m. tall, with hirsute-tomentose
ate
S
provinces, Fla. to Mo. and N. Y. Nat. of Asia.—Spr.—The inner bark
iN. both paper and cloth.
3. TOXYLON Raf. —— or trees, with furrowed bark. Leaves de-
eiduous: blades entire. Staminate s in globose raceme-like spikes, with
4 sepals and 4 stamens. Pistiliat spikes
globose: sepals 4, the ee ones en
than the se stigma 1, elongate. Fruit
globose, achenes deeply imbedded.—
oe by the following species only:
1. T. pomiferum e Shrub, or tree be-
coming 20 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate, ovate-
oe or ie -lanceolate, 4-
ng, acumin
-WOOD.)—W oo
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex. and Mo.; also nat. in Atlantic
formerly used by some Indian tribes for making bows. It is now used for
objeets where strength ae oa are needed. The bark P the roots
yields a yellow dye.—Lat
ARTOCARPACEAE 439
4. FICUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs, trees, or vines, with smoothish bark.
Leaves mainly persistent: blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers in hollow
receptacles, the staminate with a calyx of 2-6 sepals, or these obsolete, and
1-2 or rarely 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers numerous: style rather long: ies
clavate, peltate, or 2-lobed. Fruit depressed- globular or elongate, the Ll
ineluded.—A bout 600 species, natives of tropical and warm regions.—Fia
Leaf-blades entire, smooth and Vixbronss fruit glabrous, 1-2.5 cm ne I. AUREAE.
a lobed, very scabrous- -pubescent : fruit pubescent, 4-8 cm
lon II. CARICAE.
I. AUREAE
Fruit globose, spheroidal or obovoid: lateral veins of the leaf-
blades few and separated.
Fruits Ee: Jeaf- hades usually narrow-based. . F. aurea.
Fruits peduncled : leaf-blades usually broad-based. 2. F. brevifolia.
. Fruit oblong: lateral veins of the leaf-blades very numerous and
close together 3. F. elastica.
II. CARICAE
Shrub with many stems or a small tree, with coarsely pubescent :
foliage. 4. F. Carica.
1. F. aurea Nutt. Shrub, often starting as a vine, or tree becoming 20 m.
tall with glabrous twigs: leaf- on ii ie or oval, 3-10 cm. long, acute
hort-acuminate at the bas fru
spheroidal or obovoid, about a i i
eter. — (GOLDEN-FIG. ST
Hammocks, S pen. and Florida Keys
— eedling plants are epiphytic
They emit aerial roots which coalesce and
ally ‘‘strangle’’ the t. roo
and branches rm a terrestria
M :
ded tree which may in turn ‘‘strangle’’
self.
F. brevifolia Nutt. Shrub, or tree
1
sometime m. tall, with glabrous twigs:
eaf-blades ovate-oval or rarely obovate,
3— long, mainly rounded or dip
at the base: fruit subglobose, 2-2.5 e
diameter. [F. po i ie d E Wan.
G. WILD- BANYAN.) — Ham and
e
EA
rarely in pin En ‘Brerglade, Reps 8, a
Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.)— oo seedlings of this fig are also epiphytic.
The aerial roots may coalesce to for stout trunk, usually without strang-
ling the host. If the roots fail to aoc el may spread out forming a
structure like the banyan.
3. F. seer on Tree with glabrous twigs: leaf-blades elliptic, often
broadly s em. long, ieee blunt- or acute- -tipped, glabro eee ae
short- f UR pes ‘oblon ng, 1-1.5 em. long, greenish-yellow, smooth, sessile.—
(RUBBER-PLANT. or a E )- Pinelands and roadsi sides, S pen.
Fla. Nat. of trop. Asi
4. F. Carica L. Shrub, or tree 2-5 m. tall, with Dd Pu bci i
zi ST. lobed ;- “petioles pubescent: fruit obov
(Commo ON-FIG.)—Fie lds, roadsides, and eult. gr en eae Pm and adj.
provinees, Fla. to Tex., ' Tenn., an nd ‘Va. Nat. of Asi
440 ULMACEAE
Famity 4 ULMACEAE — Erm FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, the sap watery. Leaves alternate: blades inequi-
lateral, aeai toothed. ONES perfect, polygamous or monoecious,
variously disposed. Calyx of 4 or 5, or rarely 3-9 partially united sepals.
Androecium of usually as many stamens as there are sepals. Gynoecium
2 united carpels. Fruit a samar a drupe, or nut-like. ee 13
genera and 140 species, widely distributed.. ——Ours have greenish flowers
Fruit dry, a samara, or nut-like: anthers introrse: embry
straight. ribe I. ULMEAE.
Fruit a drupe: anthers extrorse: embryo with conduplicate
cotyledons. Tribe II. CELTIDEAE.
I. ULMEAE
Flowers perfect: fruit a sama 1. ULMUS.
Flowers polygamo-monoecious : fruit nut-like, tubercled. 2. PLANEBA.
ELTIDEAE
Flowers solitary or merely clustered : oe on 3. CELTIS.
Flowers in dichotomous cymes: dru
Stigmas entire: staminate flowers - with valvate calyx-lobes. 4, TREMA.
Stigmas 2-cleft: staminate flowers with imbricate calyx- -lobes. 5. MOMISIA.
1. ULMUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with furrowed bark and some-
times winged branches. Leaves deciduous: blades toothed. Calyx campanu-
late. Ovary sessile cr nA So, smooth, but sometimes pubescent. Samara
or Aeular to oblong. About 1 6 species, natives of t orthern Hemisphere.—
The inner bark of some species is used for a ropes and coarse cloth.
Some species are extensively used for shade trees.—ELMs
Flowers and fruits autumnal: flower-clusters in the leaf-axils. I. SEROTINAE.
Flowers and fruits vernal: flower-clusters on naked branches. II. AMERICANAE.
Leaf-blades obtuse: samaras ciliolate. E crassifolia.
Leaf-blades acute or short-acuminate : samaras ciliate. X U. serotina.
II. AMERICAN
EE long: pedicels ne than the UE samara deeply notched.
Sam over twice as long as wide : branches corky wine Eo 3. U. alata.
Samara less than twice as fone. as wide: branches wingle
Samara ovate, Lod tips erect or nearly so: leaf- igs
mainly glabro 4. U. floridana.
P oval r “obovate, the tips converging: leaf-twigs
inly pubes 5. U. americana.
miowerclusters denso. e Dedicel Shorter than the calyx: samara
not notched. 6. U. fulwa.
1, U. crassifolia Nutt. Tree becoming 30 m. ta ll, the branches often corky-
ed, the twi ER n leaf-blades p varying to bro ~ elliptic
or ova ate, 1.5—4 cm. long, obtuse, om ser |
rate, rough BBC. petioles 1-2 mm. long:
uds about 1.5 mm. long: samara oval, Si
mm. long, ciliolate —(CE
vods and river-bottoms, Coastal Plain Em
adj. provinces, Miss. to and
(Mex.)—Late sum.—fall.
2. U. serotina Sarg. Tree becoming 16
tall, the branches often corky- a the
twigs glabrous, at least at maturity: leaf-
rM M dos ps Bu or ui adest above the
ong, acuminate,
coarsely serrato, poer snore: petioles A.
m. long: ea 5-3 mm ara
SORGE. elliptie, 7-32 mm. us te
ULMACEAE 441
(SEPTEMBER-ELM.)—Rich ravines and bluffs, Appalachian and Interior Low
plateau provinces, Ga. to Ala. and Tenn.—Fall.
3. U. alata Michx. Tre e becoming 20 m. tall, the branches often corky-
winged: leaf-blades RP elliptic or broadly pde or rarely broader,
2—10 em. long, E smooth above; petioles 1.5-3 mm. long: calyx deeply
lobed: samara elliptie, 6-8 mm. long, p the x wings A and
longi ate.—(W. INGED-E ELM. AHOO. RED WATER-ELM. CORK-ELM.)—
River banks, Ti and woods, Coastal Plain and "adj. provinees, Fla. to
Tex, Kans., .„ and Va.—Spr.
4, U. floridana Chapm. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the branches not corky-
winged, the twigs glabrous: leaf-blades mainly clliptie , oval, or ovate, 3-12
em. long, ipd smooth &bove; petioles 6—10 mm. long: ie shallowly lobed:
samara ovate -— mm. long, short- ‘stipitate, the wings merely long-
E mE .)—Swamps and low hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla.
t
5. U. americana L: Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the: ie ursi not corky- winged,
the twigs typically pubescent: leaf-blades oval to ovate, 5-10 cm. long, some-
times rough-pubescent above; petioles 4—7.5 mm. i flower-clusters lax:
Ec :
merely long-cilia —(WHITE-ELM. | ÁMERICAN-ELM. OMMON-ELM. ROCK-
ELM.)—Moist t woods, river-banks, and low grounds, often calcareous, various
provinces, N Fla. to Tex., Sask., Ont., and Newf.—Early spr.
6. U. fulva Michx. Tree becoming 25 m. tall, the twigs densely aed dede
the inner bark mucilaginous: leaf-blades ovate- oval or obovate, 8—19 cm. long,
Md on both sides: flower-clusters dense: samara suborbicular,
14— in diameter, finely pubescent, "ciliate s LIPPERY-ELM. RED-ELM
Eur zu CK-ELM. ADU R —Rich, often rocky woods and xen
various provinces, W Fla. to Tex., N. D., and | Que. — Early Spr.—The fragrant
mucilaginous inner bark is used in medi cine
2. PLANERA J. F. Gmel. Trees, with scaly bark. Leaves deciduous:
blades toothed. Calyx campanulate. cy short-stipitate, tubercular. Nut-
e fruit irregularly warty. One spec
1. bo b pue (Walt.) J. F. Gmel. Tree
| Pd m. tall: eat blades ovate or
liptieor ov 3-8 cm. long, rrate or,
renulate- ans short- Br NEM ealyx
lóbes ovate, obtuse: fruit ovoid, about 1
em. lo ong, Lo stalked, the processes soft.
ip Hor Solr ae — Swamps
and m is subje to considerable
uc uan of e. Dun 1 Plain, N Fla
d
with water dur several months of each
year. However, its greatest "deu d
in the higher ‘ands of western Louisiana and southern Arkansas.
3. CELTIS [Tourn.] L. Unarmed shrubs or trees, the ~ often warty.
l
Leaves deciduous: blades entire or toothed, very inequilateral Calyx rotate,
the lobes much longer than the tube. Stigmas 2, entire. Dus subglobose.—
442 ULMACEAE
About 60 species of tropical and temperate regions. The wood is used in
the manufacture of furniture.—Spr.—HACKBERRIES. NETTLE-TREES. SUGAR-
BERRIES.
Leaf-blades of an ovate type.
Mature drupe 7-10 mm. in diameter. 1. C. occidentalis,
Mature drupe 5-7 mm. in diameter. 2. C. georgiana.
Leaf-blades of a lanceolate type.
af-blades entire or nearly so. A C. noni DOM
Leaf-blades sharply serrate. . C. 8ma
1. C. occidentalis L. Tree "m 40 m. tall, the twigs glabrous (or pubes-
cent, and leaf-blades rough above in C. cras sifolia whieh now appears not
to be specifically distinct) : leaf-bl ades
ovate or rarely iptic-ov -15
abov
oval, globose or subglobose, 7-10 mm. in
rapist orange, purple or nearly black.—
(BEAVER-WOOD. d ONE-
BERRY.)—-Woods and river-banks, various
provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, S. C. to
Ala., Okla., Man., and Que.
2. C. georgiana Small Shr ub, or tre
SH
above, entire or sharply serrate:
globose or nearly so, 5-7 mm. = iameter,
red-purple or tan-colored.— (GE ORGIA-HACKBERRY. )—Rocky places and stream-
banks, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala., Mo., and N. J.
3. ©. mississippiensis Bose. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the twigs sometimes
pubescent: leaf-blades lanceolate varying to ovate-Tanceotate or in dd -lanceo-
late esa d broader, often ovate, in C. Berlandieri), 6-12 c ong, long-
acuminate, entire or nearly so: drupe d A ovoid- othe a ur m. in
diameter, D le or orange-red.—Rich -woods, river-bottoms, Eg pum
7 2 pec Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ind., and D. C.—
4. C. Smallii Beadle. Tree usually smaller than C. mississippiensis : 2r
blades thin, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. lon ng, acuminate,
e = ipium Pai dea sharply a and irregularly serrate: drupe
globose, 5-7 diameter.—Sandy or roeky woods and Beer baa
Coastal Plain and “adj. n. Fla. to Ala., Mo., Ky., and N. C.
4. TEEMA Lour. Unarmed shrubs or trees, the bark smoothish: leaves
persistent: blades toothed, more or less inequilateral. Calyx rotate, the lobes
much longer than the tube. Stigmas 2, entire. Drupe ovoid or globose.—
re ut 30 species of = regions.—In Florida the ns are a favorite
bird-food.—N ETTLE-TREE:
Leaf-blades cordate at the base: anthers over 1 mm. long: DEBE S oid orange.
orvaand.
ra ae or rounded at the base: anthers less than
: drupe pink. 2. T. Lamarckiana.
T. floridana Britton. Shrub, or tree 6 m. tall, with copiously pubescent
foliage leaf-blades ovate, elliptic. ou or lanceolate, 4-10 em. long, softly
ULMACEAE 443
pube s rar calyx greenish: drupe
pag ta obose, 2.5~3.5 n in diameter, yellow
ae —(F 135517 TREMA — Hammocks,
CELUM where burned or clear ed, S pen
Fla. and the Keys.—Often a roadside weed.
2. T. Lamarckiana (R. & A Blu
Small tree or shrub, with finely hirsute
velvety ps leaf- blades elliptie, ped
late, or narrowly ovate, mostly 1-3 em
long, finely serrate, seabrous above, veiny-
reticulate beneath, obtuse or donde at the
base: ca whitish or pinkish: drupe
ovoid or globose-ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. in diam-
pink. — (WEST-INDIAN TREMA.
Homes and prairies, S pen. Fla. sud
the Keys.—(W. I.)
5. MOMISIA F. G. Dietr. Spine-armed shrubs or trees, the bark rela-
tively smooth. Leaves deciduous: blades toothed, 2 inequilateral.
Calyx rotate, the lobes much longer than the tube. Stigmas 2, each 2-cleft.
Drupe oblong, ovoid, or globose.—Spr.—CHAPARRAL-SHRUBS.
Leaf-blades nearly smooth: drupe 8-12 mm. in diameter: stone a uc e faces.
Iguanaea.
Leaf-blades very seabrous: drupe 5-8 mm. in diameter: stone .
with reticulate faces. 2. M. pallida.
1. M. Iguanaea (L.) Rose & Standley. Stem and branches spreading or
climbing, 1-3 m. long, the bas ches with recurved aad glabrous: leaf-blades
ovate, oval or elliptic-ovate, 4—12 em. long,
e toothe oth:
drupe add ovoid. [M. aculeata Saas
Kl.]—Ham ATO kitchenmiddens W coast
of Fla. aud Coastal Plain Tex.—(W. I.,
Mez., C. A., S. A.)
2. M. pallida (Torr.) Pages Aoa and
branches. spreading,
globose.—Hammocks, kitchenmiddens, SW
coast of Fla. and Coastal Plain Tex.—
Orper POLYGONALES — POLYGONAL ORDER
, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate, or sometimes oppo-
site or whotled: blades mostly entire: stipules present, usually as a sheath,
rarely obsolete. Flowers perfect, monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous,
variously disposed. Hypanthium long or short. Calyx of 2-6 sepals,
which sometimes develop keels or wings. Corolla wanting. Androe-
eium of 2-9 stamens. Gynoecium of 2 or 3 united earpels, the ovary
superior. Fruit an achene.
444 POLYGONACEAE
Famity d. POLYGONACEAE — BUCKWHEAT FAMILY
Plants various in habit. Leaves with manifest, Pieri oe
stipules (ocreae) and inflorescence not olde: ate, or b ules som
times obsolete and the inflorescence involuer ate.—Abo piece a id
800 species, widely distributed.—Some plants iiri da food, others are
used in ornamental gardening. Many ae are weeds.
Flowers, or flower-clusters subtended y EIOS BRE 9: no sheaths (ocreae)
at the nodes of the stem and the bra ribe I. ERIOGONEAE.
Flowers, or flower-clusters, not involucrat, ‘put subtended
by sheathing po Pru uh at the nodes of the
inflorescence: stam 4-8: sheaths (ocreae) sur-
ECOL, ‘and the branches above each
ounding
e į
Hypanthium ea, developed, d often as a
Stigmas tufted or fimbriate-pinnatifid. Tribe II. RUMICEAE.
d not tufted.
Stamens distinct: herbs or vines without ten-
rils. Tribe III. POLYGONEAE.
Stamens with the filaments united into a tube
e base: vines with tendrils. Tribe IV. ANTIGONONES.
Tribe V. COCCOLOBEAE.
Hypanthian well. developed, enclosing the achene.
I. EnIOGO
Annual or perennial plants with alternate or whorled leaves and
bracts: involucres lobed, sessile D. peduncleu, each with few
or many exserted flowers : achene often swollen at the base. 1. ERIOGONUM.
II. Rv
Sepals of pistillate flower distinct, Mod mcm nor with
spreading horn-like spines
"nel Eg not developing wings: achene partly exposed,
2. ACETOSELLA.
inner s Spalt developing wings: achene included, smooth. 3. RUMEX.
Sepals of gU pistillate flower partly united into an indurated
Brccolaie perianth, tne 7 s of the three outer developing into
spreading horn-like spine 4. EMEX.
III. POLYGONEAE
Internodes of the stem and the branches partly adnate.
Inner sepals not fimbriate, often conspicuously &ccrescent.
Inner sepals accrescent, wing-like: achene include
Anthers alike or nearly so: outer sepals reflexed. 5. POLYGONELLA.
nthers various, those of the filaments with dilated .
bases very small and imperfect: outer sepals ap-
ressed. 6. DENTOCERAS.
Qin er sepals not accrescent: achene partly exposed. T. DELOPYRUM.
er Po fimbriate, somewhat accrescent. 8.. THYSANELLA.
iatemiodes of the stem and the branches not adnate. :
Leaf- RFT aoe E the base: ocreae 2-lobed, becoming
lac : filaments, at least As inner, dilated. 9. POLYGONUM.
Lest blades not jointed. at th ase: ocreae [o not 2-
lobed: filaments slender
Ocreae cylindric, truncate: ' sometimes fringed.
Sepals 4: calyx curved : stamens 4 or 5. 10. Tovana.
Sepals 5. or if fewer, the stamens more than 5: calyx
not curved. 11. PERSICARIA.
Vanes oblique, more or less open on the side facing the |
Sepals neither keeled on the back nor winged: erect
or reclining herbs
Racemes collected int terminal corymbs: embryo
dividing the endosperm by an S-shaped curve:
Plants smooth.
Racemes not in terminal corymbs: embryo slender,
2: one side of the endosperm: plants prickle-
d. 13. TRACAULON.
Sepals, a least the outer ones, keeled or winged:
S with twining stems and branches or large
nens with numerous hollow stems arising from
extensively branching rootstocks.
12. FAGOPYRUM.
POLYGONACEAE 445
Stigmas capitate. styles short, erect, or none: stems
slender, twining 14. BILDERDYKIA.
Stigmas dilated, toothied: styles divaricate: stems
stout, erect. 15. PLEUROPTERUS.
IV. ANTIGONONES
Vine with broad leaves, and racemes of pink or red flowers, ter-
mina rong in tendrils. 16. CORCULUM,
V. Eocene Eee
Vine with tendrils: hypanthium developing into a samara-like
hey with a wing extending the length of the elongate pedicel-
like base: stigmas 2-cleft. 17. BRUNNICHIA.
Shrubs or trees: hypanthium developing into a drupe-like fruit:
stigmas not 2-cleft. 18. CoccoLonBis.
. ERIOGONUM Michx. Herbs, partially woody plants, or shrubs. Leaves
ain D alternate, without Mid the stipules scale-like. Flowering-stems or
este with alternate or whorled bracts. Flowers involucrate. Hypanthium
jointed to a pedicel which is subtended by a minute bractlet. Sepals 6, often
unequal. Stamens 9. Gynoecium 3-carpellary: stigmas capitate-——About 250
species, North American, mostly in the western United States—WILD-BUCK-
HEATS. UMBRELLA-PLANTS:
Flowering stem with whorled leaves, the blades relatively wide: inflorescence with
leaf-like nee sepals broad, flat or crisped: filaments pubes
ent bel 1. E. tomentosum.
Flowering pm with re id t edes the blades relatively nar-
inflorescence with m e bracts: sepals narrow, invo-
Mite: filaments glabrous 2. E. floridanum.
1. E. tomentosum Michx. Basal leaves evergreen, 5—18 cm. long; blades oblong
to spatulate: flowering-stem 4-12 dm. tall, the leaves in whorls of 3-5; blades
ovate A e or oblanceolate: involueres
about 4 . long: sepals baka the inner
ones Boone ovate is suborbicular, 6-8 mm.
JE. W UCKWHEAT. )—
Dry cR and p Coastal Plain,
and C.—Su
Fla. to —Sum.—fall or all
yea r S.
2. E. flo ridanum Small. Basal leaves some-
what persistent, 8-20 cm. long; ipe
long; blades broadly or narrowly lin
flowering stem 6—10 dm. tall, the leaves e
bl
nate; blades linear to ped -lanceolate: in
volucres 6-7 ,mm. long: "aps sepals Bid:
der-subulate, becoming 5- ÉD long-silky: ne about 6 mm. lo ong,
pubescent, the beak ee ong as the body. [E. p EUNT (Chapm.
Fl. )]—Dry sandy Pd nds a scrub, C Fla.—Spr.-fal
2. ACETOSELLA Raf. Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, with very
thin ocreae. Flowers dioecious, in panicles, the hypanthium base conspicuously
jointed to the curved pedicel. Sepals 6, essentially unchanged in fruit, without
446 F CEAE
callosities. Stamens 6. Stigmas peltate,
tufted. Achene exserted, granular, the angles
not margined. One species in many forms.
1. A. Acetosella (L.) Small. Plant E
l- 6. 2 tall: blades of the lower leav
e hastate, the auricles ida pa
meee sepals een, o or reddish, those of
the pistillate flowers becom noe 1 mm. ong:
a i led 0
OW-SORREL. HORSE-SORREL. UR-
GRASS. SOU UR-DOCK.)—Sterile soil, roadsides,
fields, meadows, pastures, and waste-places,
throughout U. S. and Can., except the extreme
N and S. Nat. of Eu.— (Almost cosmop. )—
Spr.—fall.
3. RUMEX L. Annual or perennial fleshy herbs. Leaves alternate, with
brittle ocrea Flowers in panicles, perfect, polygam or dioecious, the
hypanthi eae conspicuously jointed to the edicel. poen green, 6, un-
equal' or the 3 inner Mni wings, one or all of which usually bear a
callosity or bien recle. Stamens 6. Stigmas RN tufted. Achene exserted or
i istae ooth or canis usually more or less margined.—About 140 species,
wide geographic distribution.— The foliage of some species is eaten as
er i. »—Doc
Flowers dioecious : lower leaves with hastate blades : plants vin I. HASTATULI.
Flowers perfect 2 andro-polygamous: leaf-blades not hastate
plants not ae
Mature inner SEDIS (wings) entire, undulate or toothed, not
Spinulose-margined.
SE broad, ovate, deltoid, or somewhat reniform
II. CRISPI.
Sepal- P narrow, elliptie to pandurate, or elliptic- ae
ov AN
Mature inner sepals” (wings) spinulose-margined. I Rr
I. HASTATULI
Perennial dioecious plant with horizontal rootstocks: panicle
naked. 1. R. hastatulus.
Pedicel- e hypanthium-base short, usually about as long as
the sepal-wings or shorter, spreading or recurved.
Only one sepal-wing bearing a tubercle. 2. R. altissimus.
All three sepal-wings bearing eee :
Leaf-blades flat, dis edges not crisped. 3. R. Berlandieri.
Lea f-blades crisp
Sepal-wings leltoid, ovate-deicoid or hastate.
Sepal-wings round-ovate. 4. R. crispus.
KESICE like Boa base elongate, much longer than the
al-wings, deflexed.
Leaf-blades broad, short, broadly rounded or cordate at
e base: sepal-wings 'denticulate. 5. R. fascicularis.
PA narrow, elongate, oo narrowed at the
base: sepal-wings undula
Sepal-wings reniform 6. R. floridanus.
Sepal-wings ovate, hastate, or reniform-hastate. 7. R. verticillatus.
III. S NEI
Only one sepal developing a tubercle: whorls of the inflores-
cence not leafy-bracted. 8. R. sanguineus.
POLYGONACEAE
All three sepals developing tubercles: whorls of the inflores-
cence, at least the lower ones, leaty- bracted.
nu e about 3 mm. long: achene less than
ong. 9. R. conglomeratus.
Mature. sepal-wings 5-6 mm. long: achene 2.5-3 mm. fone 10. R. cuneifolius.
IV. OBT
Blades of the lower Sera cordate or sita. p the base:
tall perennial plant
Stipe-like base o the Dopanthium much shorter than the .
sepal-wings: two sepal-wings with callosities. 11. R. pulcher.
sepal-wings: one sepal-wing with a callosity. 12. R. obtusifolius.
se: low annual plants. 13. R. persicarioides.
1. R. hastatulus Baldw. Plant 1.5-13 dm. tall: basal and lower stem-leaves
| 5- . long; blades with 2 spr a, auricles at the base or sometimes
merely undulate: sepal-wings reniform to
ovate-reniform, 3.5-4 mm. wide: achene
nearly mm. long.—Sandy soil, roadsides,
fields, and woods, Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, Fla. to Tex. . Kans., ll, and
Mass.—Spr.
. R. altissimus Wood. Plant 6-20 dm. tall, mo
the panicle ed ascending: low stem-
l m. g; blades lanceolate to
st a p M nd crisped: sepal-
Ings triangular-o g, longer
pos wide, slightly Mere achene about
3 long.—(PALE-DOCK. EACH-LEAVED
DOCK. -.)—River-bànks, ditches, and low woods,
various P dimus rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Nebr., and Mass,—
Spr.-su
3. R. Berlandieri Meisn. Pant 5-7 dm. tall, the panicle-branches loosely e
ered: lower stem-leaves 8-17 cm. long; blades elliptie: often narrowly so,
or nearly so: whorls of the i nflorescence often separated: sepal-wings deltoid,
about 4 mm. long, leathery; achene fully 2.5 mm. long. [R. Langloisii S
meu oo prairies, and ditches, Coastal Plain, La. and Tex.—(Mez.)—
pr.—fa
4. R. cris spus L. Plant 3-11 dm. acr. the panicle-branches rather elosely flow
ered: lower stem-leaves 15-30 em. long; blades elliptic to e elliptic- “lanceolate,
much erisped: poderi. contiguous: sepal-wings orbicular-ovate, 4—5 m
long, undulate: achene 2.5-3 mm. long.—/( CURLED DO OE: YELLOW-DOCK. NAR-
ROW-DOCK.) —F'ields ind waste- ‘places, throughout the U. S. and S Can. Nat.
of Eu.—(W. I., Mex.) —Sum
5. R. fasc iie Small Plant 5- 15 dm. tall, the n e rather lax:
lower stem-leaves 1-2 dm. lon ng; blades ovate to broadly elliptie, rounded or cor-
6. R. p suu Meisn. Plant 4—11 dm. tall, the panicle-branches often fas-
tigiate: lower stem-leaves 14 dm. long; blades br Pend linear to eae incen:
late: donee rather dense: se E i eni m, 2 Md mm pha : stipe-
: hy g.
`
Li!
448 POLYGONACEAE
. R. verticillatus L. Plant 9-15 dm. tall, the panicle-branches lax: lower stem-
dm.
des es 1.5-4. long; pic osea to linear-lanceolate: flower-clusters
rather loose: sepal-wings ovate, hastate, reniform-hastate, 4.5-5.5 mm. wide:
pedicel-like ey of the hype denn mostly over 1 cm. long, a tapering:
achene & -3 mm. long.— eu MS mps and ditci. s, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., and Que
R. sanguineus L. Plant 3-11 dm. tall, the dip: erect, the Da cT
rather loosely -flo wered a nd lo osely-fruited : low stem leaves 9-16 cm. l
den sepal-wings oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long, nea nequal, entire, the cal-
losity P e a 1.5 mm. uan ng.—( BLOODY- o: RED-VEINED DOCK.
BLOODWORT. )—W various provinces, Ala. to La., N. Y., and Va
Nat. of Eu.—Spr sum.
T
9. R. conglomeratus Murray. Plant 3-12 dm. tall, the stems erect, the panicle-
branches pee densely flo ered: pd stem-leaves 8—17 cm. long; bla des ovate, |.
;8 e
achene about 2 mm. long.—(CLUSTERED-DOCK.)— Waste p r Coa stal Plain,
. C. to Va.; also Calif. Nat. of Eu—(W. I., Mex.)—Spr.-s
10. R.
panicles dens wer stem-leaves mostly 1 dm. long or less; blades c cuneate to
iuit Pena "ed erisped, usually rounded or retuse at t the apex: flower-
elusters dense, contiguous: dini wings oblong-ovate, 5—6 ong, undulate,
uii ulate: achene fully 2.5 mm. long coude W. Fla. Nat.
of S. A.—Spr.-fall.
11. R. pulcher L. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the pd pem spreading: lower
stem- leaves 0.8—1.7 dm. long; blades elli iptie o e andurate, truneate or
shallowly cordate, crisped: sedi rigs sed. leafy- -bracted: Eoy wings.
ovate-deltoid, about 4 mm. long, with 5-10 teeth: achene fully 2: ong.—
( FIDDLE-DOC ck.) — —Low Goce URN and waste 2 WT various pie
Fla. to Tex., Calif, Ark., and Va. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., Mex.)—Spr. —fall.
cordate, somewhat eri Hd. flower-clusters E pale not leafy-bracted:
sepal- iim n e 3.5-5 mm. long, bd x teeth: eee 2-2.5 mm.
long.— (BI BROAD-DOCK. BUTT K.)—Wet woods, cultivated
grounds, ads “ditches, fields, and waste- ee PEA the U. S. and
S Can. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.; Mez.)—Sum.-fall.-
13. R. persicarioides L. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, the panicle densely-flowered and
densely-fruited: leaves 2.5—30 cm. long; blades lanceolate, narrowly elliptic,
risp he le
e ; wer e abruptly narrowed at the base: flower-clusters densely
many-flowered: stipe-like base e anthium not involute l- S
2-2.5 mm. long, each bos an oblong or ovate-oblong body and 3-6 slender
teeth: achene about 1.5 mm. long.—(GOLDEN-DOCK.)— Shores or sandy banks,
various pr les tee coast. of £N. C. to N. B., also in saline places. inland— 0
Ont., and co of Calif. to B. 0. Mea. )—Spr.-fall—Admitted on the basis
of old reco ae
4. EMEX Neck. Annual‘ somewhat succulent herbs. Leaves alternate,
with oblique ocreae. Flowers in axillary, often dense clusters or in pant icles,
monoecious; the staminate ones long-pedicelled, with 5 or 6 nearly equal sepals; the
2
z
F ACEA E | 449
pistillate sessile, the short hypanthium and
the 6 P ted ges in two series
forming an es perianth, the outer
sepals developing spreading spine-like tips.
Stamens 6. Stigmas 3, fimbriate-pinnatifid.
Achene included, ec er species, na-
tives of the Old World.
1. E. spinosa Campd. Stem more or “less
diffusely branched, Edda leaf-blades
ovate, narrowly or bro adly so, 2-8 em. long,
or smaller, acute or rounded at ya ais and
minutely pointed, idu truncate to cor-
date at the more or less auricled base, lo Son ng-
petioled: sepals of the staminate flowers elliptie, about 2 em. long, those of the
pistillate firm, the inner br erect firm tips, the outer with E subulate
rigid tips: achene ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long.—Waste grounds, W. Fla.—Nat. of the
Mediterranean region —Spr. “fall.
5. POLYGONELLA Michx. Perennial or biennial branched woody plants.
eaves numerous, rather persistent. Flowers white or pink, in spreading panicles,
the — pins at anthesis. Inner sepals accrescent, not spreading, develop-
ing into wing-like structures wholly covering the achene, with lateral wrinkles.
Achene stout, sometimes very broad ee by the following species.—
S
Leaf-blades decidedly dilated, spatulate, P or cuneate. I. POLYGAMAE.
Leaf-blades not dilated, clavate to almost filiform II. AMERICANAE.
POLYGAMAE
Inner sepals becoming 2-2.5 mm. long: achene 1.5-2 mm. long. 1. P. polygama
Inner sepals becoming 4-5 mm. long: achene 3.5-4 mm. long. 2. P. macrophylla. ,
II. ERICAN.
Inner sepals becoming about 2 mm: fone: Sale base of the
hypanthium barely 1 mm. lon
Lateral racemes of the panicles. mostly less than 1 cm.
long: sepals 1.5 mm. long in anthesis 3. P. brachystachya.
iret racemes of the pa mostly over 1 em. long:
als 1 mm. long in anthes 4. P. Croomii.
Inner ‘sepals Recon about 2 A . long: stipe-like base of the
hypanthium fully 1.5 mm. lon 5. P. americana.
1. P. polygama (Vent.) A. Gray. Plant slender, 3-6 dm. tall, usually copi-
ieee branched: lower leaves 1-3 em. lon ng; ae spatulate to cuneate, 3-ribbed:
stipe-like base of the hypanthium about
Michx. ]—(OcTOBER
pinelands, and cit. Coastal Plain, Fla. to
N. C., and ira to Miss.—Sum.—fall.
E P.m rophylla Small. man stout, hane
ne wer
sepals becoming oval o r suborbicul fila-
nts fu
subulate and narrowly Janccola te: achene
fully 1.5 mm. wide. 2 ndhills, near the. coast,
M and W Fla—Fal
29
450 POLYGONACEAE
3. P. brachystachya Meisn. ien slender, 2-6 dm. tall, copiously branched:
leaves 5-13 mm. long, bright-gree ird Psi Tacemes s short and rela-
tively stout: E closely tuin ry oblique: inner sepals becoming
pisi ovate to subreniform, over 2 mm. Tong: dd broadly rhombic-ovoid,
1.5 mm. long.—Pinelands, S pen. Fla.—Sum.-fall.
4. P. Croomii Chapm. Plant very slender, 2-5 dm. tall, copiously branched:
lon
leaves 9-21 mm. long, glaucous, fugaceous: racemes relatively lo ng a pun =
slender: ocreolae scarcely imbrieate, A oblique: inner sepals
oval: achene narrowly rhombic-ovoid, 1.5 mm. long. T Sandhills, Coastal
Plain, N Fla. to S. C.—Sum.-fall.
5. P. d (F. -o pes Plant stout, 5—12 dm. tall, ins
lon
branched: leaves numero 1-3 ng, per ersistent: racemes stout:
sepals becoming o orbie ular p oval- ei ula achene rhombic-ovoid, about an
long. [Gon americanum F. & M. Metsnerianp Shuttlw. }—Sandy
soil, sandhills, and hillsides, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, S. C. Tex.
and M —fal
6. DENTOCERAS Small. Depressed, copiously branched shrub. join
igna numerous, crowded on the branchlets, narrow, persistent. Flow
bilif lon
ite, short stro orm racemes, rather epis , the din An
inu den from the ocreolae at anthesis, m d by a e braetlet within
the ocreolae which forms a circular ho han which the pedicel protrudes.
covering the inner. Achene very broad, in-
cluded.—One species.
1. D. myriophylla Small. Branches radially
prostrate, 2-25 dm. long, copiously branched,
the branchlets often short: leaf-blades ela-
vate, what fleshy, 3-12 mm. long:
i de powdered often in small panicles:
fi
than outer, oval, oen -ovate, or slightly
obovate, 5-3 na yee lus 1
ovoid, abou pe —(W
Dee —BSerub a “Sandhills, S ped of Lake Legion, Fla.—All year Mo
spicuous on account of the numerous branches with myriad leaves, disposed in
large green mats on the white sand.
T. e Small. Annual died branched firm-herbaceous plants.
Leaves few, remote, early deciduo Flowers white or pink-tinged, in erect
lax racemes, ps rt-stalked, the rm ace if at all exserted from the
ocreolae in anthesis. Inner sepals accrescent only at the base, thence spreading
and exposing the achene, merely elongating, smooth, not wrinkled. A
slender, sometimes subulate. [Polygonella Michx. in part.]—Represented by
the following species only.—JOINTWEEDS. 'WIREWEEDS.—The leaves are early
deciduous.
*
Inner sepals becoming longer than the outer: achene acuminate, the tip much ex-
serted from the calyx: stipe-like base of the hypanthium very short.
Inner sepals (pistillate) linear, linear-spatulate, or linear- e A at maturity:
ocreae ciliate.
POLYGONACEAE 451
Achene ellipsoid-ovoid ; hypanthium-base obconic; upper
ocreae leaf-bearing ; fruiting calyx persistent.
Achene Te late; hypan nthium-base clavate; upper ocreae
eafless : fruiting calyx deciduous. . D. basiramia.
Inner sepals Da) elliptic or elliptic- -obovate at ma-
rity: ocreae ecili
Tider cence rachis with separated ocreolae: stem-leaves
c
D. ciliatum.
with filiform blades 9. D. filiforme.
inHorescenco Fa with contiguous ocreolae : stem-leaves
with elliptic, spatulate or linear-spatulate blades. 4, D. gracile.
Inner and outer sepals about equal in length at maturity : achene
acute, the tip barely exserted from the a stipe-like base
the hypanthium filiform or filiform-clavat 5. D. articulatum.
1. - ie tum (Meisn.) Small. Stem 6-17 dm. tall: stem-leaves with stiff
filifo r linear-filiform blades 2—4 cm. c oereolae acuminate: hypanthium-
s E rbinate s pm than 1 mm. long: sepals
(st te) or nearly so: inner
bii pes becomin ng 1.5 mm. long,
uch longer than achene about
th
m. long, slightly don um the ealyx.—
Pinelands, pen. Fla.—Sum.-fall.
2. D. basiramia Small. Stems and pi is
m or many (10-70) from the b. of a
oody tap- ae slender wiry-filif pale
inflorescene stem-leaves slenderly TEN
ostly 1- em. lon aeute, et
hypanthium-base clavate, "nearly 1 mm. long
maturity: sepals of the s ‘lowers
spatula to linear, the about e
ong, much excee edin ing “ont ie
subulate, fully 2.5 mm. ee hrice as eae as thick, much exceeding the ed
investing calyx.—Inland sand-dunes and scrub, S end of the lake region, Fla
D. filiforme -o Stem 9-16 dm. tall: per leaves with pliable filiform
blades 4-9 em. nS us smaller than aee graci dd Ras nthium-base
turbinate, very sh aped ova BE mE ng t Or abo ovate;
inner sepals (pistillate) "oblong pee DE. obovate slightly ice than the
aa becoming 1.5 mm. long: . long, the tip much a d.
Fus uini -— Sandhills "ud hs ee "Plain, E pen. Fla. to Ga.
um.—fal
4. D. gracile (Nutt.) Small. Bini 3-17 dm. tall: stem- adr with oblong,
ue Or a dicis bns 1-2.5 em. long: hypanthium-base turbinate,
very short: sepals (staminate) obovate; inner T biete) Moe
mm. long, decidedly longer than ica outer: achene 2.5 mm. long, slightly
exceeding the calyx.—Dry pinelands and sandhills. ee Plain, Fla. to
and S. C.—Sum.—fall.
5. D.articulatum (L.) Small. Stem 1-4.5 dm. tall: stem-leaves with n
linear or linear- sarang pii 1-2.5 em. long: stipe-like base of the hypan
.thium slender, ut . long: inner sepals Pa Aa aa 2 mm
long, obovate S orbicular- So achene rhombic-ovoid, mm. lon ng.—
(JorNTWEED.)—Acid sandy and open woods, Coas tal done ond New England
Coast, Ga. (or Fla.) to Me.; also Great Lake Lowland, Ill. to N. Y.—Sum.—fall.
8. THYSANELLA A. Gray. es Mares male Leaves alternate,
jointed near the top of the fringed firm Flowers polygamo-monoecious,
those of the upper racemes mostly ae Sepals white or pink, not
452 I CEAE
accrescent into wings, the 2 ene ones eae d M at the base, the 3
east pectinate-fimbria Sta 8: ents slender-filiform.
pem 8- ange ineluded in the Mm io. EUM Dn are the only
known spec
Outer sepals becoming 2-2.5 mm. long: achene less than 2 mm. long,
broadly ovoid. 1. T. fimbriata.
outor “sepals 2 IDEE 3.5-4 mm. long: achene over 2 mm. long,
wly ovoid. 2. T. robusta.
1. T. fimbriata (Ell) A. Gray. Stem slender, 1.5-6 dm. tall, simple at the |
base: leaf-blades narrowly linear, z^ x dong, mostly less than 1.5 mm. wide,
few-striate: ocreae sparingly inged
racemes 1-2.5 cm. long: outer S Cpistil-
late) incised or incised-fimbriate, Eod
j ache ee a
ong: achene barely mde. short-
beaked.—Sandhills, Coastal | Plain, NE Fla.
to Ala. and Ga —Sum —fal
robusta Mes Stem much Stouter
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racemes mainly cm. long: outer-sopals
(pistiliate) undulate A ac "i ch exceed-
ing t : filaments mm. ie oo fully 1 mm. wide, long-
peeked ead dd RUE pod Fla.—All yea
9. POLYGONUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial, erect or prostrate
herbs. Leaves alternate, jointed near the top of the ultimately lacerate ocreae.
wers in axillary elusters which are sometimes aggregated near the ends of
the branches. pals green to pink or white, or green with il cages or yel-
low, the outer ones een corrugated o pic. in age. Stamens 3-8, often
—6. Stigmas Achene 3-angled.—Sum.—fall, or all year south d.—About
100 species of wide dioe ns distribution.—K NOTWE DOORWEEDS.
KNOTGRASSES.
Flower-clusters — M! scattered more or less throughout the plant: stem and
nee. d sharply angled: leaf-blades without impressions beside Eos midrib,
not pli I. AVICULARIA
Flower- clusters approximate on the upper part of the branches,
thus forming long raceme-like panicles: stem sharply angled:
leaf-blades with impressions on either side of the midrib, thus
plicate. Ii. TENUIA.
I. AVICULARIA
Calyx green, or sepals with white, pink, or purplish margins.
Plants copiously leafy throughout, the upper leaves only
"ee Ped. in size
e prominently exserted from the calyx: sepals
rather petaloid. 1. P. glaucum.
Achene included in the calyx or the mere tip exposed :
sepals not petaloid.
Achene vah striate faces.
Mature perianth 3-4 mm. long: achene 3-4 mm.
ong. 2, P. aviculare.
Mature perianth 1.5-2 mm. long: achene 1.5-2
"n P. neglectum.
mm. long..
Achene with granular or nearly smooth faces. 4. P. buciforme.
POLYGONACEAE 453
BaL with the upper leaves scattered and reduced in.
5. P. camporum.
Calyx, ae least the inner sepals, yellow or yellow-green.
Leaf-blades broad: achene dull. 6. P. erectum
Leaf-blades narrow: achene shining. (Coe P. ramosissimum.
II. TEN
Annual with erect wiry stems and very sade panicles, the
clusters often reduced to a single flower each. 8. P. tenue.
1. P. glaucum Nutt. Plant glaucous, sometimes nearly white, the branehes
mainly prostrate or assurgent, 2-7 dm. long: leaf-blades fleshy, generally longer
j e m 2/0
wide: ocre l very conspicuous
perianth beco mm. long; als
e
[P. maritimum (Fl SE. U. 8.) J—
enm mung Fla. to Ala. and Me—(£u.)
2. P. aviculare L. Plant bright-green, the
branches ultimately procumbent or prostrate,
1-6 dm. long: leaf-blades thin or thinnish,
: eae very thin:
3
KNOTGRASS.)—Fields, roads, and
places, various provinces, Fla. to La., Calif, and C Can.—(Eurasia.)
3. neglectum Besser. Plant bright-green or bluish-green, the branches ulti-
ES prostrate or proeumbent, 1-6 dm. long: leaf-blades thin, narrowly ellip-
tic, pees o or linear, pU 2-3 mm. wide, acute or acuminate:
ocreae very thin: perianth ru ing 1.5-2 mm. jou: sepals with pale-pink or
purplish-red Dodd s: achene 1.5-2 mm. long, dull, granular-striate. — Common,
about dwellings, and on das e and in waste places, various provinees, Fla.
to Tex., Calif., and S Can.—(Enurasia.)
4. P. s iforme Small. Plant bright-green or pale-green, the E odd s
diffuse dd 2-8 dm. long: leaf- d thiek, mainly 4—10 mm. wide:
ocreae Nnm : perianth b ey ming 2-3 mm. long; sepals with ic Or car-
mine borders: nea 2-2. . long, often granular, TA fields, and
waste places, a E R oN C. to Tex., N. M., B. C., Ont., and N. B.
P. camporum Meisn. Plant a green, 9-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades ap di
o Or uim to linear, varying to oblanceolate or lanceolate, 1-3 mm. long:
peri e becoming about 2 mm. lo ong; sepals veiny in age: achene broadly ovoid,
2 mm. long or Pac SO, thinnis, acute.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, La. and
Tex. Nat. in Ala.— —(Menz.)
6. P. erectum L. Plant yellowish-green, the lower gd spreading or de-
eumbent, 1-12 dm. long: leaf-blades much larger than in any of the preceding
i i elli ova ward:
1 —6 em. lon
ocreae rather bd perianth becoming 3.5 mm. long; sepals often veiny in
e: achene m. long, striate, dull.— Yards, ae places, and moist banks,
various ven anum Ga. to Ark., Man., Ont., and Me.
P. ramosissimum Michx. Plant yellow- de 2.5-13 dm. tall usually
eee branched ane bur blades mainly 2-5 em. long: ocreae conspicuous:
perianth becoming 2.5 . long; sepals ee veiny at maturity: achene
454 POLYGONACEAE
3-3.5 mm. long, smooth and shining aT often saline soil, various provinces,
Tenn. to N. M., Wash., Sask., and Min
8. P. e Michx. Plant ei dm. a pe uus wiry: leaf-blades linear
to on jars 0.5-3 em. long, e ith 2 lateral uv uy on either
~~ side of e midrib: flowers ae a Mere Dn ing 2.5-3 mm. lon
achene ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long.—Dry sandy or rocky soil, various BIO Ga.
to Tex., Nebr. Minn., rer Ont
10. TOVARA Adans. Perennial erect herbs. Leaves alternate, not jointed
at the fringed ocreae. hs in lax remote clusters borne on virgate branches.
Sepals more or less colored, 4, unequal, the
2 lateral ones MM the others. Sta-
filaments slender. Stigmas 2. chene len-
ticular.—Two species, the following and one
Japanese
1. T. virginiana (L.) Adans. Stem stri-
gose, at least ed the oue , 9—14 dm. tall,
virgately branched or simple: leaf- lade
ovate or elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 3-16 c
long ip els flattened: per rianth. e
.0—4 m bp vee aerem d ribbed: MA
styles bent angle he achene: achene 3.5-4 mm. long, ovoid or
ovoid-o RE “invested in ne nodding eG i SEED.)—Rich woods and
aoo hioi pro x nt., an . S.—Sum.-fall.—
The name ss to the surprising E the ripe achenes fy when
pressed | ae the thumb nail. In the case of this genus and of the following
generic segregates from the composite pone? Polygonum, the species recorded
in Chapman’s ‘‘Flora’’ will be found under the same specific names, unless
otherwise 20501 ed.
11. PERSICARIA [Tourn.] Adans. Annual or perennial, erect or spread-
ing herbs. Leaves M not jointed at the cylindric naked or fringed
ocreae: blades narrowed at the base or eee! cordate. Flowers borne in spike-
like panicles. Sepals a or colored, mostly 5, neither i nor keeled.
Stamens 4—8: filaments slender. Stigmas 2 or sometimes 3. Aec eiu cda:
or 3-angled, included or the tip merely exposed.— About 125 Bernd Ld, dis-
tributed.—Spr.—fall, or all year southward.—SMARTWEEDS. GANDER-GRASSES.
Panicle, or pair of panicles, Ern only: mature perianth
much longer n the ache I, AMPHIBIAE.
nr axilary as well as TouisHE often numerous: ma-
ds Derisnth reaching to about the tip of the achene
stigmas minute: cotyledons accumbent. II. LAPATHIFOLIAE.
Ocreae with spreading collar-like edges: leaf-blades of a
road type: stigmas large: cotyledons incumben III. ORIENTALES.
AMPHIBIA)
I.
Coarse Den with diffuse and widely creeping stems *
and bran 1. P. Muhlenbergii.
POLYGONACEAE
II. LAPATHIFOLIA
Ocreae not fringed with bristles, rarely EREE E E
ciliate when youn
Panicle Sieny erect, stout.
Achene turgid- lenticular : plant perennial.
Achen ne fia at, the fa concave or merely umbonate:
plant a
ants with much variation
e style lengths, the styles in the PERA
styled forms, conspicuously exserted : achen
ovate, the faces more or less umbonate.
ml m c ue d creeping woody
ng.
Plant perennial: achene dull.
Flowers with slight variation in the style-lengths,
2i Styles not conspicuously exserted: achene
early M the uk es flat or concave.
Panicle Soddins. rather slender
em fringed with bristles.
branches, and peduncles hispid and more or less
glan dular
Stem, branches S, and peduncles not hispid.
Sepals not cru cl
SUE Dar OWEN at the S manifestly
oled: stem e ocreae glabrous or
Ei reed
iiie ciliate.
Ocr ie strigillose, with marginal cilia:
eaf- s ee glabrous or sparingly
Std
Calyx cum white: achene nearly
wide as long, - tip protrud-
pe Dena the caly
Calyx Tee Pa p? urplish-
pink: manifestly D
than ide. ‘the tip covered ove
Ocreae loosely strigose, with lon
co E e marginal cilia: leaf-blades
iously ORe strigose.
Oae e ecilia
ee cordate or subcordate at the base,
or : stem, at least below
ne ode aud eee hirsute.
SEDE Dustulcte puntale
ene granular, dull: panicle nodding.
d CDoHe smooth, shining: panicle erect.
ES
Tall rather coarse annual with usu ally numerous dense
cylindric nodding panicles of pone cole ed flowers.
Muhlenbergii (Meisn.) S
ES blades i ts to elliptic- to. 5-20 c
at the base: ocreae strigose: pane es com-
paet, 3-10 em. long: p i i
m. 1
Perennial, aes
Pun [tH ME o mm.
emersa (Mich E E
— dy shores, swamps, and ditches, vari-
ous provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif, B. C.,
Ont., and Que.—(Mez.
P. portoricensis (Bert E Small. Per
iu generally glabrous: leaf-blades rigen
late, usually narrowly so, 3-25 . long,
acumin ocreae very thin: panicles lax,
but often copiously flowered : ocreolae cili-
ate: perianth becoming 3.5-4 mm. long;
sepals white or whitish, punctate: achene
15.
ally
m. long, rounded or cordate
P.
. portoricensis.
longistyla.
mississippiensis.
. pennsylvanica
lapathifolia.
. Careyi.
. Persicaria.
. opelousana.
. hydropiperoides.
etacea.
paludicola.
hirsuta.
Hydropiper.
punctata,
orientalis.
strigose, ereeping:
456 POLYGONACEAE
turgid-lenticular, 2.5 mm. long, or less. [Polygonum densiflorum Meisn.]—
Swamps, ponds, lake-borders, and ditches, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and
N. J.—(W. I., Mez., S. 2
3. P. longistyla Small! Annual, sometimes with creeping woody branches,
more or less glandular-pubescent above: Mo EAE lanceolate, 3-12 em. long,
idum
ew. ent:
on account E the andis stamens and style: Sorel ciliate: gene p
pink: sepals not punctate: achene ere or orbicular-ovate, long,
rather sharply pointed.—Low grounds, wet woods, and ii dE Miss. to
Tex., Okla., Mo.
3a. P. mississippiensis (Stanford) Small. Plant perennial, quite woody be-
low, glabrous up to the inflorescence: leaf-blades lanceolate, s 10 em. long,
strigillose o n both sides, long-a dre peduneles mo pun Ead
p ieles often slightly gd -like: per ink: sepals iot ae : achene
rrowly ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, de idedly pointed. [Polyg mm. eite ippi-
pes Stanford ]—Low SUME fields, and ditches, Miss. to Tex
4. P. pennsylvanica (L.) Small Annual, the upper branches finely glandular-
pubescent: leaf-blades jud 4-22 em. long: oereae eciliate: panicles stout,
erect: ocreolae eciliate or nearly so: per anth becoming 3.5—4 mm. long; sepa als
pink or light-purple, not punctate: stamens and style short: achene flat-lenticu-
lar, 3-3.5 mm. long, shining, short-beaked.— (PINKWEED. E aste-places, road-
sides, and cult. grounds, various pene Fla. to Tex., Minn., and N. S—
(Me)
5. P. lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gr a Annual, glabrous or nearly so: leaf- blades
lanceolate, sometimes narrowly so, 5-20 c m. lo ong: ocreae eciliate: panicles slen-
der, nodding: ocreolae eciliate, eee perianth icu 2.5-3 mm. long;
a whitish to rose-colored: achene flat-lenticular, 2-2.0 m 215 [ Poly-
onu
m incarnatum Ell J— (PALE. ~PERSICARIA. )——River banks, € wet grounds,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Can.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., 'Q. W.)
6. P. Careyi (Olney) Greene. Annual, hispid: and more or less ream
E blades elliptie- eri to linear-lane eolate or almost linear on the u
part of the plant, 5-16 em. long: ocrea e nde -fringed: esed eee ee
nid nodding: ie ciliate, rounded: perianth becom m. long;
sepals purplish: achene o -lenticular, -2.5 mm. long, a ia nd 2n ning.—
Swamps, MI and elearings, various SN Fla. (perhaps introd.), N.
J. to Ont. and Me.
7. P. Persicaria (L.) Small. ere glabrous or partly d leaf-blades
laneeolate to linear-lanceolate, -18 em. long, often with a central ie te E
ocreae fringed: panicles stout: cune ciliate: perianth becom ae 3 mm. lon
or nearly so; sepals pink, purple, green, or soca h, not oo achene Cee
lenticular or 8-angled, 2-2.5 mm. long, s ning.— LADY’S-THUMB. HEART-
WEED.)—Cult. grounds, waste- P and Bere various provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Calif., and S Can. Nat. of Eu.
8. P. opelousana (Ridd.) Small. Perennial, more or less strigillose: leaf-
blades linear to linear-lanceolate, 3-11 em. long: ocreae o -fringed: panicles
slender, erect: ocreolae long-fringed: perianth becoming 2-2.5 mm. long; sepals
greenish-white, not punctate: achene 3- -angled, 2 mm. long or nearly so, shin-
1 The related species, F. mexicana Small and P. segetum (H. B. K.) Small, seem
not to be definitely known from our range; the former is to be expected in S Tex.
the latter in S Fla.
POLYGONACEAE | 457
ing, tip usually protruding from the calyx.—Swamps, ditches and wet grounds,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Mass.—(W. I., Mez.)
P. hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small. Perennial, strigillose in parts: leaf-
(nae Rare varying to elliptic-lanceolate or "linear-lanceolat e, 4-13 cm.
long: ocreae long-fr ddr sparingly strigose: panicles slender, erect: ocreolae
frin ET: perianth becoming 3—3.5 mm. long; sepals pink, purplish or white, not
donde psu 3-angled, 2-2.5 mm. long, shining, the tip covered by the
calyx.— (MILD WATER-PEPPER.)—-Swamps, wet soil, and low woods, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., Wash., Ont., and N. B.—(Me ea.) |
10. P. setacea (Baldw.) Small. Perennial, ai or less strigose: leaf-blades
et iod ari to narrowly lanceolate, 4-18 c ong, narrowed at the base:
ocreae long-fringed, coarsely-strigose: panicles PERA erect: Pn p long-
and perianth becoming 2.5-3 mm. Ln sepals white or pink, not punctate:
chene 3-angled, 2-2.5 mm. long, shining.—Swamps, Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and e
11. P. paludicola Small. E F. a or nearly so: leaf-blades oval,
elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 1.5-8 cm. long: ocreae bristle-fringed, glabrous
or sparingly a cag panicles ener erect: ocreolae glabrous nn hein
perianth becoming 2.5-3 mm. long; sepals greenis h, not puncta ache
3- ied broadly ud about 2.5 mm. long, shining, the apex Mm tM
from the calyx Everglades, Fla.
12. P. hirsuta Soie ‘Small. Perennial, hirsute, up to the e
Mini or ga abrate, the internodes merely strigillose in P. hirsuta glabre
ms): leaf-blades Bde e, 3-10 em. long, cordate or subeordate i ae o
ee hirsute and fringed: panicles s slender, eee ocreolae usually sparingly
fringed, the cilia eg hs iduous: per Pun oe 2.5-3 mm. long;
sepals white or pink t punctate: achene 2-2.5 mm. long, shining.—
Swamps and wet soil, Ona Plain, Fla. and Ga- UW. I.)
ae ea Hydropiper e Opiz. Annual, glabrous or nearly so: leaf- kenn
owly ovate to elliptie pee ns or lanceolate, 1.5-9 cm. long: ocrea
od
short: RE p eles stoutish, nodding: ocreolae short-fringed: perian nth be.
com 3-3.5 mm. long; sepals pier aera -punctate: achene pals
jeu or 3- a ed, dull, 2.5-3 mm. long.—(WATER-PEPPER. Com
SMARTW T "arcad soil and wet banks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. ger
an. f Eu.
14. P. punctata (Ell) Small. Perennial, usually nearly glabrous: leaf-
blades lane du E to up er oe 2-11 em. long: ocreae long-fringed:
panicles slender pare a E anthesis (very put and with re-
mote oereolae and a henes pes : lon 2 2i pid leptostachya) : oereolae
more or less TIME Second bonn mm. long; dn whitish or
a Ea -punctate: achene db E i o 5 mm. long, shin-
ing. [Polygonum acre H.B.K. ATER-SMARTW MARTWEED.)
—Low grounds and swamps, various Muni , Fla. o "Tex. Calif. and S Can.
—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
15. P. orientalis (L.) Spach. s tall, more or less hirsute: deaf. blades
ovate to broadly elliptic, 6-25 c ong: ocreae spreading and ciliate at the
: panicles stout, nodding: Auer pubescent and ciliate: perianth becom-
ing 44.5 m m. long; ces dark rose-colored, not punctate: achene lenticular,
orbieular, 3- -3. 5 mm ong.—(PRINCE'S-FEATHER. PRINCE'S-PLUME.) —Road-
vae waste grounds, a about dwellings, various provinces, E U. S. Nat.
sia.
458 POLYGONACEAE
12. FAGOPYRUM [Tourn.] Gaertn. Annual erect smooth herbs, the
stems terete. Leaves alternate, not jointed at the oblique ocreae: blades has-
ate or cordate at base. Flowers borne
in branching raceme-like panicles. Sepals
white, 5, almost unchanged at maturity.
Stamens 5-8: filaments filiform. Saas
Achene 3-angled, exserted.—About 6 species,
Eurasian
F. Fagopyrum (L.) Karst. Stem 1-9
n tall, slightly pubescent a about the nodes:
.5—3.5 mm. long: achene 5-6 mm. long.—
(BUCKWHEAT. )- Fields, odes and waste-
nr U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—
(W. I.)—Sum
13. TRACAULON Raf. Annual or. perennial, prickle-armed, with the
sia reflexed, a -climbing herbs. Leaves alternate, not jointed at the
oblique ocreae. Flowers borne in spike-like or capitate s Sepals often
slightly colored, 5 or d. neither keeled nor winged. Stamens 5-8: filaments
slender. Stigmas 2 or 3. Achene lenticular or 3- etn ‘nti ——About 18
species North American and Asiatie.— TlEARTHUMBS. Rak
Leaf-blades sagittate: achenes 3-angled. 1. T. sagittatum.
Leaf-blades hastate: achenes lenticular. 2. T. arifolium.
l. T. sagittatum (L.) Small. Leaf-blades lanceolate- -agittate to elliptic-
Piana Vies em. long, the basal pun eun ocreolae 3-5 mm. long: perianth
becoming m. long: be mens 8: e 3—
3. 5 mm. lo ine ( ARROW-VINE.)— Wet places
and meadows, various A Fla. to Tex
Sask., Ont., and Newf.—Sum.—fal
2. 'T. d (L.) Raf. Leaf-blades has-
tate, 2-18 cm. long, the pe ge md
acuminate: ocreolae
becoming 4—5 mm. ee poi 6: pine
4 mm. lo ong.—(SCRATCH-GRASS.) —W et thick-
ets and meadows, various provinces, Ga. to
Minn. and .—Sum.—fall—tThe calyx in
both species ranges from white to greenish
or red-tinged.
. BILDERDYKIA Dum. Annual or perennial, unarmed twining vines.
Leaves alternate, not jointed at the oblique ocreae. owers borne in branch-
ing raceme-like panicles or in axillary clusters. Sepals iss or yellowish, 5,
the outer ones keeled or winged at maturity. Stamens 8: filaments slender.
Stigmas 3. Achene 3-angled, included. [Tiniaria Webb & Moq.]—About 8
. species, North American and As iatic.—Sum.—fall.—NIMBLE-WILLS.
POLYGONACEAE 459
Outer sepals unchanged or merely keeled at maturity.
Ac o en dull: inflorescence of axillary and terminal — and s
ple 1. iones
Ae leno. poses shining: inflorescence of axillary and
terminal panicled racemes. 2. B. cilinodis.
Outer sepals CODE conspicuous wings. i
Sepal-wings not incised. :
ature perth 6—8 mm. long, wings flat. 9. B. dumetorum.
ature p 10-15 mm. long, wings crisped. 4. B. scandens.
Sepal-wings incised. 5. B. cristata.
1. B. Convolvulus (L.) Dum. Stem and branches trailing or twining, green
or purple- tinged: leaf-blades ovate to ovate- ae or those of the upper
ones sagittate, 1.5—6 cm. long: ds ae rough-
edged: per E Deus about 4 mm. long;
p PE iare the saa becoming
the achen
ine s ea epa Mu
WHEAT. )—Cult. grounds, it on and
fields, various provinees, Fla. to e PEN
and S Can. Nat of Eu.—(W. I x.)
2. B. cilinodis (Michx.) NK tem
prostrate or twining, purple: leaf-blades
er: achen
ocky piace ind thickets, "Blue Ridge and more northern pro-
vinces, N. C. to yr ees d N. S.
B. dumetorum ae Dum. Stem twining, purple-tinged: leaf- Asi ovate
to ovate-hastate, 2-7 cm. long: p P perianth becoming
long: achene about 3 mm. long o UE EAT.)—Thickets, various pro-
vinces, heal in the E U. S. UN at.
4. B. ens (L.) Greene. Bim and branches twining, purplish: leaf-
blades Dus to go Ps 4—12 em. long: ocreae with rough ridges: perianth
becoming 10- long: achene 4—4.5 mm. long.—(HEDGE-BUCKWHEAT.
PUR M )— Thickets "m fence-rows, various provinces, Fla. to
Tex. and S Can
tata (Engelm. & Gray) Greene. Stem and branches n green
2 purplish: leaf- pane ovate to A apace 1-6 em. long: perianth becoming
-7. . long: e 3 mm. long. AIDE fence- -rows, and river banks,
various ce Fla. ps Tex., Okla., and Mas
15. PLEUROPTERUS Turcz. Perennial, often large many-stemmed herbs
with extensively spreading rootstocks. Leaves alternate: blades broad, com-
ly. date at
Flower erous, bor short axillary
clustered or branching panicl Sepal A Ur
mostly 5, the 3 outer ones developed into I:
rm wings at maturity. 8
NERO
Ya
ECT
ments united at the base. Stigmas 3, short-
fimbriate. Achene ME included.—
About 4 species, Asiati
P. Zuccarinii Small. Large nearly on
brous herb with hollow stems 1-3 m.
N
460 POLYGONACEAE
leaf-blades broadly ovate, varying to elliptie-ovate, deltoid-ovate, or hastate-
ovate, 5-15 em. long, finely reticulate, usually truneate at the base: panieles
2—11 em. long, the branches finely pubescent: stipe-like base of the hy ypanthium
i i . lo
longer than the pedicel: calyx white or r sepals oval an
nthesis: achene ellipsoid, narrowed to both ends, about 2.5 mm isi black,
shining (JAPANESE-KN ITADORI.)—Waste-places, woods, and f
rows, various provinces, locally escaped’ from 2: e . S. from
N.C. N. Nat. of Japan.—Sum.—fall.—A very per well as à vigorous
plant. It rapidly forms large colonies by the Baas branched see A
16. CORCULUM Stuntz. Perennial vines with partly woody stems.
Leaves alternate: blades ovate to hastate. Flowers borne in spreading or
diffuse panicles whose branches terminate
in tendrils. Sepals 5 or 6, the 3 outer ones
conspicuously accrescent, ultimately envelop-
ing the fruit as 3 broad wings. Stamens
7—9; filaments united at the base, alternat-
ing with small staminodia; Stigmas 3, eapi-
te. | Achenes ie ie ineluded in the
sepal-wings.—Abo species, natives of
Mex. and C. A
1. C. leptopus (H. & A.) Stuntz. Leaf-
blades ovate in outline, more or less hastate,
the larger ones 10—15 cm. long, acuminate,
somewhat crisped and undulate, be at the base: a rose- ou
purplish, the outer ones peser cordate at the base, becoming 15-18 mm. lo Dn.
achene 8-9 mm. long, the body beet. the beak 3- angled —(MOUNTATN-ROSE.
ROSA-DE-MONTANA. RAL-VINE. ri ALLAHASSEE-VINE. )—Hammocks,
up dece and waste-places, Lm Fla. to Ga. Nat. of D Am. Gr. I., Mex.,
C. A., S. A.) —A1l year.—Widely gr a ph an ornamental v
17. BRUNNICHIA Banks. Woody tendril-bearing PT Leaves alter-
nate, the ocreae obsolete. Flowers borne in branching panicles. Sepals 5, sur-
mounting the hypanthium which enlarges and
develops a wing which is decurrent on its
pedicel-like base. Stamens usually 8. Stig-
mas 3, each 2-cleft. Achene 3-angled, in-
eluded in the dry hypanthium.—Two known
species, the following and one in Africa.
1. B. cirrhosa Banks. Stems high-climbing,
much-branched, sometimes 2 œ k:
leaves deciduous m blades Dedi to dod
lanceolate, cris . long: peri bee
d ze oc ay lore. the sepals im about
5 long: hypanthium ube and
pediceltie bord pond elongated, the XE
7— . lon
TM ' Buckw "Buck- VINE. ajo ostly on river-banks, Coastal
Plain and ee “adi. petu Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ill, and S. C.—Spr.-
18. COCCOLOBIS P. Br. Evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate,
the oereae cylindric or funnelform. Flowers borne in spikes or racemes. Sepals
POLYGONACEAE 461
5, surmounting the accrescent hypanthium. Stamens 8. Stigmas 3, entire.
Achene 3-angled, included in the juicy hypanthium.—About 130 species, of
tropical America.—The hard pod -grained wood is used in eabinet-work.—The
flowers are green or greenish-yellow
Leaf-blades longer than wide, narrowed at the base: fruit about c em. thick.
C. laurifolia.
Leaf-blades wider than long, cordate at the base: fruit 1.5—2
em. thick. 2. C. uvifera.
. laurifolia Jacq. Shrub or tree: leaf-blades ovate to obovate, 5-10 em.
ee narrowed or rounded at the base: panicles less than 1 dm. long in anthe-
sis, the lower Monee laste aen with 3
r edicels: sepals —3.5 lon
sh dei margin even b RN. p fila-
ments with tooth-like staminodia: fruit
black, in ae i. [C. floridana Meisn.]
(P ) m on or near
the coast, E pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(S. A.)
—The fruits are a ‘favorite bird-food.
2. C. uvifera (L.) J Shrub or small
tree: leaf- bl ades ‘suborbiewla r, 420 em.
wide, cordate at t ase: panicles over 1
dm. long in dodi dense: sepals 2-3 mm.
long: fruit reddish, bo in dense grape-
like clusters. — (SEA-GRAPE. | GRAPE-TREE
P F.) — tal hammocks and
dunes, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—The fruits are
used to make jelly
OrpER CHENOPODIALES — CHENOPODIAL ORDER
Herbs, often partially woody, or shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate
or opposite, occasionally scale-like. Flowers mostly perfect, sometimes
monoecious or dioecious. . Calyx usually present, the sepals mainly sep-
arate. Corolla wanting, or present and of minute or large petals. An-
droecium of 1-several stamens. Gynoecium of a single carpel or of sev-
eral united carpels, the ovary mostly superior. Fruit various.
Fruit a utricle, achene, or berry, sometimes an anthocarp, not valvate, or merely
circumscissile.
Fruit various, not an anthocarp.
Fruit utricular.
racts not scarious: stipules wanting.
Erect or diffuse plants.
Stamens inserted at the base of the ovary or in the margin of a
short hypanthium. Fam. 1. CHENOPODIACEAE. `
Stamens inserted on the of a
hypanthium which pari ex-
e ec sepals in length. Fam. 2. SCLERANTHACEAE.
Climbin Fam. 3. BASELLACEAE
Bracts or stipule os 'Scarious. .
ipules wanting: sepals scario Fam. 4. AMARANTHACEAE.
Stipules present: sepals herbaceous or
scarious-margined. Fam. 5. CORRIGIOLACEAE.
i baccate or an achene, or aggregate.
the ovary: stigmas ‘not penicellate. am. 6. PHYTOLACCACEAE.
ii s present: stamens borne on the
ins hypanthium : stigma peni-
cella
462 CHENOPODIACEAE
ee an achene: flowers perfect, not in
m . Fam. 7. PETIVERIACEAE.
brc A T flowers dioecious, in
axillary cones. Fam. 8. BATIDACEAE.
Fruit an ar UP: the achene surrounded by the
calyx-tube
Herbs: seed with a hooked embryo Fam. 9. ALLIONIACEAE.
Shrubs or trees: seed with à Strait embryo. Fam.10. PISONIACEAE.
Fruit a capsule dehiscent by apical or longitudinal
valves xis in Portulaca).
Ora pocta celled: corolla wanting. Fam.11. TETRAGONIACEAE.
Ovary 1i-celled: corolla mostly present.
Sepals 2: leaves mostly alternate. Fam.12. PORTULACACEAE.
Sepals 4 or 5: leaves mostly opposite.
Sepals distinct: ovary sessile: petals not
clawe Fam. 13. ALSINACEAE.
Sepals united : ovary stipitate: petals
clawed. Fam. 14. CARYOPHYLLACEAE.
Famy 1. CHENOPODIACEAE—Gooseroor FAMILY
Herbs woody plants. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple.
Flowers ee polygamous, vci pis. or dioecious, mostly in eongeste
spikes. Calyx of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 persistent sepals. Corolla wanting.
Androecium of as many Sas. as there are sepals. Gynoecium of 2 or
more united earpels. Ovary 1-celled. Fruit a utricle, sometimes achene-
like.—About 75 genera and 550 species of wide geographic distribution,
many of them becoming weeds.
Plant um succulent : the stems not conspicuously jointed : leaves alternate, not scale-
PBE i annular, conduplieate, or semi-annular: endosperm surrounded by the
ryo.
Fruit opening at maturity, or at germination, by
a lid: s perfect. Tribe I. BETEAE.
Fruit indehise
Flo ns mostly perfect, ebracteolate. Tribe II. CHENOPODIEAE.
Ru d unisexual, the dias bi-
Tribe III. SPINACIEAE.
tenre dud Mee succulent : as wingless Tribe IV. DONDIEAE.
Leaves, and bracts spinescent: calyx Seon ally
winged at maturity. Tribe V. SALSOLEAE.
Plant succulent, the stems conspicuously jointed :
leaves scale-like, opposite. Tribe VI. SALICORNIEAE.
I. BET
Herbs with fleshy roots, crisped leaf-blades, ud the fruit aS in Lara hardened
base of the perianth. . BE
II. CHENOPODIEAE.
Calyx ded winged in fruit.
2. CYCLOLOMA.
kin iones not winged
X becoming saccate and reticulate, slightly lobed. 3. ROUBIEVA.
Gane n saecate nor veiny, deeply lobe e
Embryo annular, encircling the endosper 4. CHENOPODIUM.
Embr 5 horseshoe- shaped, not encircling tie endosperm.
Pericarp aa gland-dotted: inflorescence a dicho-
tomous c 5. BOTRYDIUM.
Pericarp eine dotted: inflorescence spicate or
paniculate. . AMBBRINA.
III. SPINACIE
Stigmas 4 or 5: bracts united to the apex: EA: glabrous. T. SPINACIA.
Stigmas 2 or 3: bracts distinct, at least at the apex: foliage
with inflated hairs, at least t when young. 8. ATRIPLEX.
IV. DONDIEAE.
Plants with nearly terete leaves, the mature calyx wingless, 9. DONDIA.
V. SALSOLEAE.
Plants with spinescent leaves, the mature calyx winged. 10. SALSOLA.
I. ICORNIEAE.
Green or red pied with the flowers sunken in excava-
tions of the internodes 11. SALICORNIA.
CHENOPODIACEAE 463
l. BETA L. Fleshy edible herbs. Leaves alternate: blades soft, more
or less crisped. Flowers SEM elustered and coherent by their bases. Calyx
herbaceous, hardened an osed in fruit.
Sti ntror Utricle snalosad achene-
like.—About 14 species, Eurasian
1. B. vulgaris L. Annual or ipsun with
8 conie or m root, commonly purplish:
stem 3-7 dm. tall: le af- blades ovate to
elliptic-ovate, "0.5-1.5 dm. long: sepals
oblo mm
keeled: fruit 4-5 mm. long.—(BzErT.)—
S at.
of Eu. and DM — (Mex.)—Sum.—fall.—The
plant has been used as a table vegetable
from Prehistoric prom The root of one
variety is mportant source of sugar.—
The fiers Mis greenish or reddish.
OLOMA Mog. Coarse erect or spreading scurfy-pubescent herbs.
gcns alternate: blades irregularly toothed. Flowers mostly perfect, or some-
times pistillate. Calyx with triangular-ovate
obes, developing a horizontal wing below the
lobes. Utricle depressed- globose, nearly en-
closed.—One species.
1. C. atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coulte
Annual, 1.5-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades iene cla
to elliptic, 2-8 em. long, sinuate-dentate:
sepals EE red or purple in age:
Wing
utricle 2-3 mm. wide, the surrounding
di; er: seed a
wide.— (WINGED PIGWEED.)— andhills, sandy
eee and Ko various "Heil Miss. to
Tex., Ariz., Man., and Mass.—Sum
3. ROUBIEVA Moq. Strong-scented prostrate or procumbent pubescent
herbs. Leaves alternate: blades sinuate-dentate or pinnatifid. Flowers per-
fect, or by abortion, pistillate, solitary or
clustered in the axils. Calyx with rounde
lobes, saccate and reticulate in age. Utricle
compressed-globose, enclosed.—One species.
R. multifida (L.) Moq. Perennial, the
Eds 1.5-7 dm rd yes blades elliptie
in outline or narrower, 1—4.5 em. long, deeply
p atifid nui ng pend. lobe d near the
of the stem; sepals 3-5: utricle glan-
Feu Nd in the obovoid-calyx; seed
about 1 mm. in nee adc IBCoS an
cult. gro unds, Coastal Plain and acd
adj. pu Fla. to Ala. and N. Y. Nat
S. —Sum.-fall—The flowers are
preci
464 CHENOPODIACEAE
4. CHENOPODIUM [Tourn.] L. Odorless or heavy-scented non-glandu-
lar herbs, ours annuals. Leaves alternate: blades a to coarsely toothed,
often mealy-coated. Sepals hooded. Anther-sacs commonly separate. Ovary
often depressed.—About 50 species of wide geographic pum ec. — The seeds
of some species are used by primitive people as a source of flour.—GoosEroors.
PIGWEEDS.—The flowers are greenish or sometimes tinged with red.
Leaf-blades smooth a shining above. I. UBBICA.
Leaf- eee dull abov
Seed xu yd con m the pericarp, or if adherent, blades of the lower
Plants Sot Strong-scented: seed and pericarp free. II. BOSCIANA.
lants SOL -scented : seed and pericarp adheren t. III. VULVARIAE.
Seed adherent e the pericarp: blades of the lower leaves
PIBURCCCHEHEAE IV. ALBA.
I. URBICA
Plant irregularly branched: leaf-blades irregularly toothed. 1. C. murale.
II. BOSCIANA
us plant with the blades of the upper leaves narrow and
ntire. 2. C. Boscianum.
III. VULVARIAE
Diffuse plant with squarish-rhombic leaf-blades. 3. C. Vulvaria.
IV. ALBA
Blades of the lower leaves about as wide as lon 4. C. amaranticolor.
Blades of the lower leaves need ioneer than wide.
Leaf-blades, Sour the lower ones, entire, lanceolate or
C
oblong- lanceolat . C. lanceolatum.
Leat- blades, toothed or lobed, broader than lanceolate,
"b :
Plants bright-green: inflorescence loose and open. 6. C. paganum.
Piants copiously farinose: inflorescence dense T. album.
Seeds 1 mm. wide or less: plant strong-scented. 8. C. Berlandieri.
a
1. C. eL. Plant deep-green, somewhat mealy, 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades
ovate ie inno -ovate, 2—8 em ong, coarsely, uum id and m RT toothed:
panieles terminal and ateral, small
flower-elusters naked, numerous Es clo
se Pua 1.5 mm. wide, dull, acute mar
gined. — (NETTLE-LEAVED Goos SEFOOT.) —
ms Tor and roadsides, tubum pro-
vinces, to Tex. and S Can. Nat. of
Eu. a T. Mez., c. A.)—Sum
C. Boscianum Moq. Plant ad ‘green,
ng, 3-9 dm
blades ovate, elliptic , 0
lanceolate, 1-6 em. long, thin, = lower ones
ften sinuate: panicle-bran n-
d
der, spreading, the flow n. Knut Yu s
relatively small: seed 1 in-
ing, obtuse-margine od Woods thickeis, and
icut a various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Minn., and
3. C. Vulvaria L. Plant white piedi much-branched, the branches b piens
ndi pignore thickish, ovate, deltoid, e suborbicular, .0.5-2.5 e m. long,
entire, rela atively long-petioled: flower- clusters simple
PS: po ETE mm. wide, dull, Hinc rs INKING- vue
CHENOPODIACEAE 465 .
FOOT.)—Waste-grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Wis., Ont., and Que.
Nat. of Eu.—The odor, very penetrating, may o carried long ae by
the wind.
C. amaranticolor Coste & Reyn. Plant 1-3 m. tall, the | stout branches
ascending or erect from a spreading base, sharp-angled, ie sa de a
with red, sparsely and finely farinose: leaf-blades br s mbie
M
ong, 0 nel oul
sets nely farinose beneath when young: race Bombe ovate io oblon
elliptic, pel toothed, bright red, at least when young: Mere rather
dig th ers in small glomerules e ch are borne in dense spikes: sepals
slightly keeled, copiously farinose and usually reddish. —Fielas an ~
places, Coastal "Plai in, N Fla. and Ga. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)—Spr
. lanceolatum ant 0.5-1.5 m. tall, the slender branches ascend-
iat a
late, eliptic lanceolate or el 1 or rarely b er, 2-5 . long, obtus
acutish and mueronulate, inu: r the lower ones with few broad teeth, sparsely
and finely fa rius bene bracia rd if at all reduced, narro iy elliptic
B A inflor Rise more or less diffuse, the flowers in small glo nde
whieh are borne in usually p “interrupted spikes: sepals a,
d idee green with whit argin eed 1-1.2 m ide, ining,
obtuse-margined.—W aste places iu En grounds various provinces, Fla.
kla., Wash., and Ont.—( Eurasia.) —Sum.-f
C. paganum ed Plant 0.4—1.5 m. tall, the branches stout or heri
or nearly so: le
ascending, obtuse-angled, bright-green, striate, glabrou af-
blades rhombic- ovate rho n or ovate-elliptie, 4—8 cm. long, obtuse, ee
and irregula inuate, metimes shallowl y 3-lobed or entire, bri ght-green
rly
nad glabrous or ae sely and minutely Ei nore beneath: bracts ovate to lanceo-
late, often cuspidate, usually. entire: inflorescence ie broad and lax, the
owers in la lomerules which are borne in slender interrupted spikes:
sepals sharp-keeled, sparsely farinose: seed 1.3-2 mm. wide, shining, obtuse-
margined.—Fields and waste e various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif.,
and Ont. Nat. of Eu. |
album L. Plant 0.3-2 m. tall, the branches slender or stout, ascending,
obtuse -angled, pale-green, striate, mostly glabrous: leaf-blades rhombic-ovate,
rarely ov or lanceolate, -g em. long, obt and apiculate, often shal-
ing -lobed, irregularly sinuate or rarely nearly entire, finely an y
ensely farino neath: bracts ic to lane ceolate, usually entire: inflores-
cence gere narrow and compact, the flowers in large glomerules which are
cada in den n spikes: sep sharply denda. farinose: seed 1.3-1.5
wide, inin obtuse-margined.— —(La MB ’S-QU EE "Ss. ee
Waste- cise nd cult. A eae various AQ Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C.,
Ont., N. Na —(M #.)—Sum fall. ' "Plants cooked before they
and S. t.
have Hoc make Ee f i
8. C. Berlandieri Moq. Plant 0.4—1.5 m. tall, the slender or stout piss
ascending, pel E zn iate, glabrate: leaf- blades rhombic-ovate, oval,
elliptic, 1.2-3 c ong or larger, acute or obtuse and mucronulate, sinuate b:
entire, often den ae Pues se when young: bracts much redue ed, ovate to
linear-lanceolate, often enti xu inflorescence-branches slender: sepals sharply-
keeled, densely farinose: se mm. wide or less, shining, obtuse-margined.—
Dry soil, Coastal Plain and occasionally other pro Fla. to Tex. and
N.C.; also adv. N E.— —(Mex.)—Sum.—fall.
5. BOTRYDIUM Spach. Low sweet-scented glandular-pubescent herbs,
ours annual. Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid or toothed. Flowers sessile
30
466 CHENOPODIACEAE
or pedieelled, in loosely dichotomous cymes.
Sepals keeled. Ovary usually depressed.
Seed adherent to the HA horizontal.
—About 6 species of wide geographic dis-
tribution.—The flowers are oro.
1. B. Botrys (L.) Small. Stem 1-6 dm
tall, the branches erect or Pin leaf-
blades e to de 1-5 e ong, t
lobes entire or hed: anis e
cymose: Ea ‘partially enclosed:
han 1 wide. [
Botrys L. J- GxusaLEM- -OAK, TURNPIKE-
GERANIUM. beum ER-G ERANIUM.) mi icd
sides and waste-places, oy province
— Coastal Plain, Ga. to a f., and S Can. Nat. of Eu. (Mez., E. A.)—
Sum.-fall.—The foliage i is Rom
6. AMBRINA Spach. Erect or diffuse annual or perennial aromatic
herbs, with yellow glands, and sometimes pubescent. Leaves alternate: blades
eoarsely toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers ses-
sile, spicate. Sepals rounded, not keeled.
eeds horizontal or vertical.— Three or four
species, natives of America.—The flowers are
white or yellowish-green.
A. ambrosioides (L.) Spach. Stem = 8
A tall, the branches someti imes decum
see i
podium ambrosioides MEXI
WORMSEED. NKWE places,
cult. grounds, and shores, various provi j
Fla. to Ex Calif., Ont., and Me. Nat. of trop. Am.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.,
op. Am.—(
m.—fall.—The foliage and oil give off a disagreeable odor.
7. SPINACIA L. Fleshy edible herbs. Leaves alternate: blades often
hastate. Flowers dioecious or rarely perfect, in compact glomerules. Calyx
ri
develop spine-tips, or unappendaged. Utricle
enclosed, achene-like.—AÀ bout 4 species, na-
tives of the Orient.
1. S. oleracea L. Annual or biennial: stem
3-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to deltoid
in outline, more pd bu astate, 0.5-2 dm
long: fr uit 4-5 long, the spreading
jan as long as the fruit- body or longer
(SPINACH. SPINAGE.)—Cult. grounds and
fields Son. Nat. of the O. ^W. and cult.
CHENOPODIACEAE 467
—Spr.—fall—The foliage has been used as a table vegetable from prehis-
toric times.
LEX [Tourn.] L. Scaly herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate or
dioecious, the staminate bractless, the pistillate bracted. alyx herbaceous
Utricle wholly or partially surrounded by the crested, tubercled, or winged
accrescent braets.—About 135 species of wide orsi distribution.—The
flowers are greenish or od The foliage of some species is boiled and
eaten.—ORACHES. SALT-BUSHES.
do bracts united only at the bas
L Ai at least the lower ones, DDUS site; blades UR nos or subhastate,
s the lower ones sometimes toothed : foliage bri
gd nd glabrous. . I. HASTATAE.
Leaves atena: blades usually toothed: foliage furfura-
II. ROSEAE.
Fruiting bracts united above the base, usually up to the middle. III. ARENARIAE.
1. A. patula.
2. A. hastata.
I. E
Bracts rhombic-oval, cuneate or rounded at the base
Bla orbicular-deltoid or ovate-deltoid, truncate or broadly
rounded at the base
II. Ros
Stem freely eee flowers staminate xg pistillate, mixed
in axillary clusters 3. A. rosea.
III. ARENARIAE
Leaf- ES toothed.
Staminate glomerules in elongate, usually branched spikes. 4. A. Lampa.
Stam indito glomerules axillary or in short simple spikes. 5. A. pentandra.
Leaf- blades entire. 6
1. ia L. ons and bur 2-9 dm. long, green: blades of the lower
dn hastate and sinuate, sually entire, the lobes ascending, those of the
r leaves eee Um T lanceolate,
elliptic or narrowly DE -Janecola RN 2.5-8
: fruiting
m. long: bract mbic-oval, often
subhastate 2—6 mm. p) rounded or ly
cune the base, usually denticulate
seed yellowish ‘or black, 1.5-2.5
(ORAC d eee salt- marshes, Fla. to N.
B., and E E o B. C.; also in calcareous
bogs in Ill. 2d other inland re gions.—
(Eurasia. en —fall.
A. has jos ir Stem and branches 3-9
ong, green or str i de. blades of
the lower E aA -hastate i o
deltoid, entire, sinuate or repand, truncate
subcordate at the ba se, aie lobes ae
reflexed, d of E upper leaves pide d -hastate, lanceolate-hastate, oblong
or r Jance olate, 2-6 em. long: fruiting bracts orbi cular-deltoid or ovate -deltoid,
3—7 lon A Cui or bs at e. pred dentieulate or rarely entire:
seed cuis black, 1.5—2. wide.—Saline and ealeareous marshes, and waste-
plaees, N. C. to Newf., EE Tex. to Calif., Ore. and Ind.—(Eurasia. )—Spr.- i all.
3. A. rosea L. d 2—10 dm. tall, much-branched, D Or A. leaves
numerous, alternate; blades ovate, rhombi ic-ovate, or oval, 2-8 cm. long, si inuate,
i oadly eu Ren Or ecd at the : flow eh s in axillary glomerules and also
ae in terminal interrupted spi ikes s: fruiting bra rhombic cuneate-
a, 4—5 mm. long or rarely longer, toothed at Tie near the pes seed
468 CHENOPODIACEAE
dark- pu 1.5-2 mm. wide.—Alkaline soil, and waste- aaa various provinces,
Fla. to N. Y.; also W U. S.—(Mez., 0. W.) —Spr.- fal
4. A. Lampa (Moq.) Gillies. Annual, pale-seurfy: stems mostly 1 m. tall or
less, sometimes prostrate, often widely branched, the branches slender: leaf-
AF es s or those of the upper a elliptic-lanceolate to linear, mostly
2-8 em. long, the terminal lobe ns toothed: spikes or panicles E
glomerate- interrupted: fruiting brae uer or ovate-rhombic
broad, shallowly toothed, the faces eps seed brown.—Waste e-places ond a
mode Coastal Plain, N Fla. and Ala. Nat. of S. A.—Sum. fall.
A. pentandra (Jacq.) Standley. oe or perennial, green, 3-6 dm. tall:
leaf-blades peris : n pie or oblong-laneeolate, 1.5-3 cm. long, oer
or sinuate above: fruiting bs flabellate, 2-3 mm. wide, ex
toothed, the An "id 2—4 tu EN seed brown. [Obione cristata H. & B.]
—Coast ‘al sand-dunes and shores, S Fla.—(W. I., S. A.)—All y
6. A. arenaria Nutt. Annual, pale or silvery, 1-5 a Mew. leaf-blades oblong
to oval, obovate or narrowly elliptic, 1—4 cm. long: fruiting bracts 3-5 mm.
wide, flabe llate, 3—5-toothed, the faces tuberculate or aioe seed reddish-brown.
Obione arenaria Moq. J— (Be 3ACH-ORACH.)—Sea beaches, Fla. to Tex., and N. S.
—(W. I.)—Sum.-fall.
ALICORNIA Tourn. L. Fleshy herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite,
x fleshy. a
widely distributed in saline regions.—The popular name ener orig-
inated from the crunching sound the plants make under foot.—GLASSWORTS.
SAMPHIRES.
Plant perennial: central flower extending but little higher than the Pap dor ones.
1. perennis.
Plant Teese cue flower extending mueh higher than the
latera
Scales miucro anise spike 4-6 mm. thick. 2. S. Bigelovii.
Scales obtuse or merely acutish: spike 2—3 mm. thick. 3. S. europaea.
1. S. perennis Mill. ddp ius decumbent or trailing stems and branches
1-7 dm. long, often in mats: rnodes of the inflorescence 3—4 mm. thick and
about as long: seed about 12 mm. Pa
bescent “with slender curved hai S. am-
a Michx. ]— (Woopy o Sea.
beaches and coastal salt- wow. Fla. to
Miss. and N. H.—(IF. I., O. W.)— —Sum.—
fall, or all year 8S.
2. S. Bigelovii Torr. Annual, stout, 1-6 dm
tall, green: internodes of the i nflorescence
about as long as thick; seed n black,
1.5-2 mm. TN with short curved hairs.
[S. mucronata Bigel. not g.]—Salt
marshes, along the ye Fla, Es "m and
N. S.; also Calif.—(W. I x.)—Sum
S. europaea L. Annual, relatively re
do er, 1-6 dm. tall, often as or reddish: in
nodes of the inflorescen dai pos es jonger than thick: seed brown, 1.5-2 m
long, with short curved ha air [S. herbacea L.]—Salt marshes, along the ok
Ga. to Anticosti -and S aH in ir soil in various interior provinces;
BASELLACEAE 469
also Pacif. coast.—(W. I., O. W.)—Sum.-fall.—This unusual plant often forms
w sive beds, and crunches under foot, like thin glass. Often brilliant red
n fall.
OND IA Adans. Fleshy leafy herbs. Leaves alternate: blades thick
or ee entire. Flowers perfect or polyg-
amous, d s hooded, keeled at maturity.
Filam very sho jid 50 species,
widely pou .—SEA-BL
1. D. linearis (Ell) Millsp. Plants gla-
brous, 1-9 dm. tall, diffusely branched:
leaf-blades nearly terete, linear, 1-5
long, acute: sepals equally cucullate- -eari-
nate: seed about 1.5 mm. wide, smooth and
shining. [Suaeda linearis Moq.]— (SEA-
BLITE.)—Sandy shores and salt-marshes,
W
a
Druce, which, differs from D. linearis the
seed being broad, the uid -lobes |
rounded or Eie carinate on the bac k, and the plant glaucous, is natural-
Aa in the NE U. S. from Europe, reported, but apparently unconfirmed from
our area.
10.. SALSOLA L. Coarse herbs or iiio plants. Leaves mostly alter-
ate: bl arrow, firm, entire. Flowers perfect. Sepals flat, develop-
ing horizontal wings. Filaments e
—About 50 species LM distributed, es-
pecially in saline regio
S. Kali L. Ann 2— - bn tall: leaf-
Ee UN Rene mm. long,
the midrib prolonged n. a ae e: calyx
leathery, the wings 4-8 mm. in diameter,
erose or lacerate: seed shinin
! ea
em. long,
broad, is occasional in the E t has
become thoroughly acci in the W U. S. and has proved to be a most
Somer = troublesome weed as it is not confined bi ed P for its habi-
—Com only known as Ped. ^ name sometimes also applied to
i Men mee fs —Nat. of Eurasia.—The flowers of. both oe are green,
but the mature calyx becomes more or less Gane with pink.
Famity 2. BASHLLACEAE — MADEIRA-VINE FAMILY
Somewhat succulent vines, with tuber -o rootstocks. Leaves
alternate: blades relatively broad, entire. Flowers perfect in spike-like
rac l n frui la o
e a pals, sometimes wi ed i t. Corol f 5
often somewhat colored petal i On of 5 borne opposite
the pet ynoecium 3-carpellar eri 1- d. Fruit
petals. m vary
utricular.—F ive genera and about 15. species, mostly natives of the tropies.
470 SCLERANTHACEAE
. BOUSSINGAULTIA H.B.K. Vines. Leaf-blades of an ovate type,
rather fleshy. acemes axillary and terminal. Sepals 2, nearly flat, not
winged. Petals 5, longer than the sepals.
Stigmas cleft.— Ten species, natives of trop-
ical America.—MADEIRA-VINE
1. B. leptostachya Moq. Glabrous vine with
slender stems and branches: leaf-blades ovate
to elliptic, 2-7 cm. long, acute or slightly
acu ome thickish, dicas or abruptly
narrowed at the base, short-petioled: racemes
slender, elongate: braetlets HABEN sepals
ovate to elliptie, 1-1.5 mm. long: petals ellip-
tic to oval.—Roa a pinelands, and ham-
la. , Mez., C. A., S.
A.
—Widely tue for its bright -green
foliage and very fragrant flower
Famity 3. SCLERANTHACEAE —OKNaAwEL FAMILY
Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves opposite, without stipules: blades
r5
la O cel
About 3 genera and few - s distributed i in the Old World.
SCLERANTHUS L. Herbs, usually branched at the base. Leaves
stiff. p slightly hyaline-margined, like the rum indurated in age.
Utricle included.
3 dm ong, pubescent and ‘viscid on one
es leaf- bias Dac aren 0.5—1.5 em.
long: flowers greenish: din lanceolate to
ovate- Pu 1-1.5 lon ng: ricle
1.5 mm. long.—(KNAY m GERM ENDE
GRASS. p e waste-places, . aa old
fields, E U. S., and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—
Spr.-sum.—An extremely persistent weed,
y N
plant; also it often does not winterkill, but becomes er thereby obtain-
ing an earlier blooming and fruiting seaso
Famity 4. AMARANTHACEAE — AMARANTH FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite, estipulate :
blades entire or nearly so. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, in
spikes or panicles with searious or colored ‘bracts. Calyx of 2-5 mostly
distinct sepals. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 5, or aes distinct or
monadelphous stamens. Gynoecium of 2 or more united carpels. Ovary
AMARANTHACEAE 471
l-celled. Fruit a utricle or pyxidium, or rarely baeeate.—About 40 genera
and 475 species, widely distributed.
ART 4-celled.
aves altern
Fruit a a. Tribe I. CELOSI zm
Fruit 1-seeded. Tribe II. AMARAN IE
Leaves opposite. 'Tribe III. Gio CHE nae:
Anthers 2-celled.
als ae or nearly so, unchanged at l
matu Tribe IV. GOMPHRENEAE.
Sepals pon united, the tube indurate at
maturity and variously appendage ed. Tribe V. FROELICHIEAE.
I. CELOSIEAE
Woody plant with spreading or vine-like branches. 1. CELOSIA.
II. AMARANTHEAE
Perianth present in the pistillate flowers. 2. AMARANTHUS.
Perianth wanting in the pistillate flowers. 3. ACNIDA.
II. CENTROSTACHYDEAE
Firm-herbaceous or partly woody plants with Pond spikes,
the flowers and fruits deflexed. 4. CENTROSTACHYS.
IV. GOMPHRENEAE
Stigma capitate. 5. ACHYRANTHES.
Stigma wit slender lobes
Stamen-tube with bron id lobed, toothed, or laciniate seg-
no i Hout pseudostaminodia. 6. GOMPHRENA.
Stamen-tube with entire segments, and often with
pseudostaminodia.
Flowers not compressed, borne in panicled spikes. 7. IRESINE.
ae Brronely compressed, borne in dense head- like
pikes 8. PHILOXERUS.
V. FROELICHIEAE
Herbs with virgate flowering stems. 9. FROELICHIA.
1. CELOSIA L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades mainly
entire. Flowers perfect, spicate: sepals 5, scarious. Filaments partially
united. Styles united. Ovules 2-8. Utricle
circumscissile—About 40 species, bacis of
tropieal and subtropical regions.—Forms
with fasciated inflorescence are are orite
garden ud —CocK'$-COMBS.—The flowers
are white or greenish white.
1. C. nitida Vahl. Perennial, glabrous, 1 m.
long or more: leaf-blades ovate, deltoid-
ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-7 cm. long:
spikes 1-3 cm. long: sepals oblong, 3.5—4
mm. long: utricle include d: seed about 1
long. [C. paniculata (Chapm. F1.)]—
Coastal sand-dunes and hammocks near the
~ S Fla.; pus à Tex.—(W. I. Mez.,
C. A., 8. A.)—All y
2. AMARANTHUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire.
Flowers polygamous, monoecious, or dioecious, densely spieate or um each
btended by mostly 3 bracts. Sepals 2-5. Filaments distinct. Stigmas 2 or
8, distinct. Ovule solitary. Utricle circumscissile, irregularly opening or inde-
. 472 AMARANTHACEAE
hiscent.—About 60 species widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions.
—Mostly weeds, but some species are cultivated for their colored inflorescences.
—The flowers are green or red.—AMARANTHS. PIGWEEDS. TUMBLEWEEDS.
Sepals of the pistillate flowers spatulate, clawed : flowers all Ru
. CRASSIPES.
Sepals of the pistillate flowers not spatulate: staminate flowers
in terminal spikes or all flowers in axillary clusters in A.
blitoides and A. graecizans. II. PANICULATI.
I. CRASSIP
Bracts pas pedicels much thickened.and duris: utricle
indehis . A. crassipes.
Braets ona. pedicels not thickened nor indurate: utricle
circumscissile. 2. A. polygonoides.
II. PANICULATI
re dehiscen
orescence of terminal or axillary simple or compoun
spikes, and ua clusters of flowers often present
in the leaf-a
Doe AEE dehiscent: leaf axils without spines.
Cid er than the aide or, if longer, acute
minate.
Bracts oDe or merely acutish, about equalling
bor sepals or somewhat longer, usually red
r purp 3. A. cruentus.
Bracts acute or acuminate, usually twice as
long as the sepals, usually green or pink. 4 . hybridus.
ARPA oo longer than the utricle, obtuse or 5
Utricle proce and imperfectly dehiscent: leaf
axils with rigid spines. 6. A. spinosus.
1. A. blitoides.
8
A
A
. A. retroflexus.
A
A
A. graecizans.
inflorescence v wholly of axillary cluster
E 4 or 5: stem and branches Sroine
Sepals 3: stem erect.
Utricle indehiscen
Utricle rugose.
Flowers borne in axillary clusters: leaf-blades erisped. 9. A. crispus.
Flowers borne in terminal and axillary spikes: leaf-
blades flat.
A narrow, linear to elliptic-linear:
0. A. muricatus.
Leaf: blades broad, ovate to rhombic-ovate: `
sepals 3. 11. A. gracilis.
Du smoo oth.
eaf-blades membranous: flowers partly in terminal
pm ikes: seeds about 1 mm. in diameter 2. A. deflexus.
Leaf-blades thick and fleshy: flowers all in axillary
: 5 mm. in diameter. 3. A. pumilus.
1. A. on E ht. us and branches 1-6 dm. long, stout: leaf-blades
spatulate to ovate, 1—2.5 cm. long: stam ac ealyx 1.9-2.2 mm. long: pistillate
ealyx 1. mm. oq soa spatulate,
fet ouo A n ere Eri [i e.
cras Moq.]— ocks and
ae NE "Coastal ain, ES Fla. to
Ala.—(W. I., S. A.)—AIl yea
2. A. eo L. Stem and branches
m
diy 1-2 em. long: staminate calyx 0.9-1
m. long: pi digan calyx 2.2-2.4 mm. long;
S sepals pee de! ene [Amblogyna poly-
f.]—Ha ocks and r sandy
places “Coastal Plain, Fla. and Tex.—(W. I.,
Mez., C. A., S. A.)
A. cruentus L. Stem 5-20 dm. tall,
smooth: leaf-blades elliptie, ovate eU
AMARANTHACEAE 473
or rhombic-ovate, : 5-30 em. long: staminate calyx 1-1.5 mm. long: pistillate
calyx about 1.5 mm. long; sepals elliptic, often en so: utricle exceeding
the E. BLOOD-RED PRINCE'S-FEATHER. PILE RT.)—Waste-plaees an
vigi various erar U. 8S. suia, except the extreme west. Nat. of
—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—Sum.-fall.
4. A. hybridus Stem 5-25 dm. tall, not spiny: leaf-blades lanceolate or
ovate to eju or elliptic, 3—15 em. long: staminate ca e 1.7-1.9 mm.
long: pistillate calyx 1.7-2 mm. long; se pa narrowly oblong to oe
late: utricle d the sepals or shorter. [4. chlorostachys Willd.]—(Pie
WEED. ARAN —Waste-places and cult. n nearly throughout the
U.S. and 8 Can.— (W. I, Mex . C. A., 8S. A., O. W.)—Sum.-fall.
5. A. retroflexus L. Stem 3-30 dm. tall: leaf- blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate
Or sug rp d e, 5-15 em. long: staminate calyx 3.4—3.6 mm. long: pistillate
eal he plone. ; sepals linear-oblong to ee paua utrielo shorter than
the sepals nea REEN-AMARANTH. ult. grounds and een nearly
throughout the U. S. and S Can. —(Mez., 0. W.)—Spr fall. 1.
6. A. spinosus L. Stem 2-12 dm. tall, spiny: leaf-blades ovate, rhombic-ovate,
or lanceolate, 1.5-8 cm. long: staminate c alyx 2-2.7 mm. long: pistillate calyx
2-2.5 ^ poi
fields, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Me. Nat. of “India. —(W. I., Mex, C. A.,
0. W.)—Sum.—fall.
7. A. blitoides S. Wats. Stem 1.5-6 dm. long, p prostrate: leaf- uid rien
to E bU d. or elliptie, 0.8—4 em. a nate calyx abou m. lon
E calyx 2.5 RÀ XD long; sepals ciltiptic, po. ate.—(S dign NG- PIG-
and
- fields, and uu nearly throughout the U. 8.
S€ Gan Net T es of Eu.—Sum.-fall.
A. graecizans L. Stem 1—6 dm. tall, erect: bue blades spatulate, obovate, or
etipti, 1-3 em. long: staminate calyx l 4—1.6 21 ag: pistillate calyx 1.8-2.2
m. long; sepals lanceolate, long-acuminate. TA. a s L.]—( Fi cui ey
= Boadsides, fields, and waste- -plaees, oa T T S. and S Can.—(Mez
S. A., O. W. )—Sum.-fall.
- A. crispus (Lesp. & Thév.) A. Br. Stem much branched, the branches form-
ing large mats: rr a rhombic-ovate to E 0.6-2.5 em . long: stami-
abou
nate calyx f ong: pistillate a a .5 mm. long; sepals 5,
elliptic E^ mun rounded and abruptly n nted. [Eux deflexus
(Chapm. F1.) ]—Waste- EA and euk. grounds, Coastal Plai fend perenne
oie provinces, La., N. C., and N. Y. Nat. of Eu.— (sS. 2 a all.
A. muricatus See pine Stem 3-7 dm and leaf-blades linear to
pd A 2—8 cm. long: staminate calyx fully 1.5 mm. long: pistillate calyx
. lo ong; En 9, elliptic, abr raptly ae —Waste- -places, Coastal
Phi Ala. Nat. of S. A.—(0. W.)—A yea
11. A. gracilis Desf. Stems 2—9 dm. tall, erect: leaf-blades ovate or Pri
2-8 cm. long: staminate calyx 1.3-1.5 mm. long: pistillate calyx 1.4—1.
long ; sepals 3, broadened upward, and mucronate. [Euxolus lwidus Cha an
iw e M rs cult. bar Fla. to Ala., and N. C. Nat. of Afr.
—(W.I all.
J Mex., C. A., S. A.,) —Spr
12. A. deflexus L. Stem 1.5-6 dm. long, sometimes decumbent: leaf-blades
broadly ovate, rhombic-ovate, oval, or lanceolate, 2—7.5 em. long: staminate
474 AMARANTHACEAE
alyx 1-1. = mm. long: pistillat calyx 1.5-2 mm. long; sepals often 3. [Huzolus
decis Raf.]— Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Fla. to
Ala., and Mass.; also in Calif. N ativity not known.—(Menz., S. A.,
13. A. pumilus Raf. Stem 0. ay dm. tall, fleshy : us quip obo-
. lon
vate, rhombic, or ovate, 1-2 cm. long: s stami inate ca mm. long: pis-
tillate c alyx 3-4 m m. long; Bis 5, elliptie to pa. neat, aes pointed.
Eucxolus pumilus Baf.]— (DWARF- -AMARANTH. )—Sea beaches, N. C. to R. I.—
—fall.
3. ACNIDA L. Herbs, mostly annuals and large. Leaves alternate:
blades entire. Flowers dioecious, the spike sometimes interrupted, the stami-
nate with 5 sepals and 5 distinct filaments, the pistillate flowers without a
perianth.—About 6 species, native of eastern North Ameriea and the West
Indies.—The flowers are green or greenish.
Utricle fleshy, 3—5-angled. I. CANNABINAE.
Utricle membranous, not angled. II. TAMARICINAE.
I CANNABINAE
Seed much flattened.
In nr dre 2 m m shorter than the utricle:
2m n dia 1. A. cannabina.
Eo neatly or uie Yeafless: bracts equalling the
utricle or lon ate seed about 1 mm, in diameter. 2. A. cuspidata.
Seed eein, lenticu
Leaf-blades nao: pistillate oe few in a cluster:
utricle less than 1.5 mm. lon . A. floridana.
Leaf- ee T5 mm pe flowers many in a cluster:
ricle ng o
Sepals mucr nate: “pistillate “Inflorescence of few, usu-
ally di Sane: large (8-18 mm.) glomerules. 4, A. concatenata.
Sepals obtuse: pistillate inflorescence of many crowded
small (4—1 0 mm.) glomerules b. A. alabamensis.
II. TAMARICINAE
Utricle indehiscent or irregularly dehiscent. 6. A. subnuda.
Utricle cireumscissHe. T. A. tamariscina.
A. nabina L. Stem 0.5—4 m. end branched above: leaf-blades ovate to
eee eae or linear above, 5-15 em staminate calyx about 3 mm. long:
sepals pup to ee lanceolate: xe
late calyx .0 mm. long; sepals ovate to
i. va 2.5-3.5 mm. long.
usocarpa Mic — Cip apri
WATER-LEAF.)—Tidal marshes, and
shores, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, “Fla.
to N. 'H. — Sum.-fall.
2. A. cuspidata tee Stem stout, 1.5-7
m. tall, widely branched: pod reed lanceo-
late to Bre Aree ind AE . long:
staminate calyx about 2 mm. lon tm sepal
RS to elliptic- o mostly o obtuse: pistil-
calyx 1.7- m. long; sepals lanceolate:
ares an om zn Or d dbi jo
—(CARELESS.) — —Low ham ocks, arshes,
T d cult. grounds, a remote from saline situations, Coastal Plain,
o La.—(W. I., Mez.)—All year.—Our largest herb, the stem often be-
comin p a foot in diameter near the b The Florida plant has poe known
as A. australis.
AMARANTHACEAE 475
. floridana S. Wats. Stem slender, 4-15 dm. tall, simple, or pr at
the puis e rir T elliptic- -linear, or narrowly elliptic , 0.8—11 em. long:
Se ca 2.5 mm. long; sepals ovate to elliptic-ovate: pistilate pi
1-1.5 ey puer: lanceolate, acuminate: utricle about . long.—
doen aad marshes, Fla.—All yea
. A. concatenata Moq. y oe 0. aa m. tall, usually much- un leaf-
blades elliptic to lanceolate, 2.5— ong: staminate calyx abou m. lon ng;
sepals lanceolate to elliptic. been pistillate calyx 1-1.5 m E um ; sepal
subulate- D im utricle about 1 mm. long.—Sandy banks aT dunes, Coastal
Plain, Miss. to La.—Sum.—fall.
5. A. alabamensis Standley. Stem stout, 1.5—2 m. tall, rins ee o
blades narrowly ovate to elliptic-ovate or elliptic: -lanceolate, 4-9 m. long:
na alyx abo mm. long; sepals elliptie to Be ‘lanceolate: Sistillato
calyx 1—1.5. mm. long; sepals pagar bue about 1.5 mm. long.—Brackish
marshes along the coast, Ala. to La.—Sum.—fall.
A. subnuda (S. Wats.) Standley. Stem slender, 0.1-0.4 m. long, prostrate
id ascending, much-branched in m e planis: Jeaf-blades 2B obo-
vate, D e gee or lance 0.7-7 e ong: staminate calyx about
E om ong; sepals elliptie: sistillafe calyx 12 mm. long; sepals juu
Do E md. about 1.5 mm. long- — Muddy or sandy stream banks,
nt terior Lowland provinces, Tenn. to Mo., S. D., and Ont.—Sum.—fall.
A. tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood. Stem ut, 0.5-2 m. tall, more or less
branched: leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate to lan eolate or elliptic, 2-11 em. long:
stam calyx 2.5-3 mm. long; sepals Mises to ovate-lanceolate:
pistillete ealyx 1-2 mm . lo ong; sepals eR to lanceolate-subulate: utricle
1.5 mm. long L Swamps, fields, 2 stream-banks, various provinces, Tenn. to
Tex., N. M., S. D., and Ky.; adv. E.— Sum. —fall.
4, CENTROSTACHYS Wall Herbs or woody plants. Leaves opposite:
blades entire. Flowers perfect, in slender elongate spikes, commonly deflexed.
Sepals 4 or 5, becoming firm. Stamens 5 or rarely fewer. Styles united.—
About 12 species, natives of tropical aa warm regions.
Leaf-blades abruptly pointed: sepals less than 5 mm. long: utricles less than 2.5
mm. long. 1. C. indica
Leaf-blades acuminate: sepals over 5 mm. long: utricles over 2.5
mm. long. 2. C. aspera.
1. C. indica (L.) Standley. Plants ed A tall, =a p leaf-blades
uud rhombie-ovate to obovate or cuneate, 1— 3 em ong, truneate or retuse
apex, and abruptly tipped: Dee
2. 5-8 mm. i ong-aeuminate:
2 e 3—4 "E Tu utriele with a
mm. lon
at the ^
nde obras ol m. |—Cultiva ated
d cim and waste places, Con Plain, Fla.
o Ala. Nat. of Asia.— (W. I., Mex M A.,
$ A.)
2. C. aspera (L.) Standley. Plants 6—14
dm. tall, copiously pubescent: leaf-blades
elliptic or nearly so, 7-16 cm. long, acumi-
nate: braets 4—4.5 mm. long, abruptly long-
aristate: sepals m o ete 6-7 mm.
long: utricle about 3 lon [A
mm chyr
anthes aspera L. ]—Hammocks, S Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.— (W. I., Mez., C. A.)
416 AMARANTHACEAE
5. ACHYRANTHES L. Herbs (ours perennial). Leaves opposite: blades
entire or nearly so. Flowers perfect, in head-like spikes. Sepal eq
white or gree a Filam ents united at the base. Staminodia meee sage:
than the anthers. Styles united. aiii ME Forsk. ]—4About 45 species,
most numerous in the tropics.—CHAFF-FLOWERS.
Spikes sessile, axillar I. REPENTES.
Spikes terminating elongate peduncles. II. RAMOSISSIMAE.
I. REP
SNE tube T short, the doe d Sor ave the fila-
nts, tire or merely hed.
Sepals rigidly ed tipr E
Sepals 6 mm. lon r more: staminodia toothed : leaf-
blades Gauge as broad as long. 1. A. leiantha.
Sepals 5 mm. long or eS staminodia entire: leaf-
blades longer than bro 2. A. repens.
Sepals merely acute, nor rigid- tipped. 3. A. polygonoides.
Stamen-tube elongate: staminodia equalling the filaments or
much longer, laciniate. 4. A. maritima.
. RAMOSISSIMAE
Flowers sessile in the bractlets: leaf-blades narrow, linear
or narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, not acumin nate. 5. A. philoczeroides.
Flowers stalked, the stalk articulate, 5-grooved: leaf-blades
road, ovate or elliptic, varying to broadest above the
middle or below it, more or less acuminate. 6. A. ramosissima.
1. A. leiantha (Seub.) Standley. Branches prostrate, mostly less than 1 m.
long, 32 villous: Ax blades id b APA or broadly oval, varying to ovate or
dein 1.3-5 abruptly shor
pointed, EA HOMO the m idrib ava
dam E sepals lanc o to elliptie:
iae the larger ones becoming 4.5-5 mm.
ong, rely longer, prominently subulate-
malle i
t :
ments subulate, alternating wit . lanceolate
n n diam
eter.—Waste grounds and 1 roadsides, Qu
ls Ww to Ala. Nat. of S. A—(W. I.,
» €. A.)
A. repens L. Stem and branches pros.
trate and often creeping, 1-5 dm. lon ng, co-
piously pubescent with white ha irs le af.
blades broadly D oval, or edid 8-20 em. long, usually abruptly pointed:
sepals lanceolate ovate- lanceolate, abruptly pointed: utricle ovoid-globose.
[ Alternanthera ds tha R. Br. Alter MP repens (L.) Kuntze]—
aste-places, cult. grounds, and sidewalks, Coastal Plain and southwestern prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and S. C. Nat. of Asia.—(W. I., Mex 3J
9. A. polygonoides (L.) Lam. Plant similar to that of A. repens, but less
pubescent or glabrate: leaf-blades nomial dead to elliptic, 5-20 mm. long,
obtuse or acute: sepals elliptic, acute, the larger ming about 5 mm
long: utricle globular or globular- a [ Altern bate eas paronyehioides St.
Hil. Te d is rid ides Moq.|—Cult. grounds nee oadsides s o La.,
and N. C. of Trop. Am.—(W. I., Mes, C. A., PS —All yea
4. A. maritima (Mart.) Standley. Stem and branches procumbent or ‘pros-
trate and creeping, 3-21 dm. long, Sie except at the leaf-axils: leaf-blades
AMARANTHACEAE 477
cuneate, obovate or elliptic, 1.5-6 em. long, rounded at the apex or acutish:
sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, the outer ones becoming 4-5 mm. long, the
acuminate apex rigid: utricle obovoid. [Alternanthera maritima St. Hil.
Telanthera maritima. Moq.]— "ia E wis jus ee coastal and interior,
pen. Fla and the Keys.—(W. I 4.) —A1l y
5. A. philoxeroides (Mart.) x ed Stem and branches decumbent or r pros-
trate, stout, often fistulous, 3-15 em. long, glabrous, except at the leaf-axils,
and sometimes near the tips: leaf- blades 3-11 em. long, acute obtuse: sepals
l A
lanceolate, elli iptic, or ovate-elliptic, becoming 6 mm. long. lternanthera
P d Griseb.]—Low waste-places, ponds, ditches, bayous, and slow
streams, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. f Nat. E. S. A.—All year.—In
souther pedet this plant is as much of a pest as water hyacinth, often
filling P ditches and bayous with a Agate mass of peat PAE choki ing
out other plants.
6 A. ramosissima (Mart.) Standley. Stem usually much-branched, the
branches i spreading, reclining, or even vine-like, 5-400 em. long, more
r less strigose, sometimes TAn leaf-blades elliptic or oval, varying to
low
broadest above the middle or be t, acuminate, mostly 2-9 cm. long: sepals
lanceolate to ne bii becomin ng 4—5 mm. long. ETRAS florida
Chapm. T. bras a (Chapm. Fl). Alternanthera bras a Uline & Bray
Alternan thera foridang Small Re glee Moquinii aL not Webb.]—
Hammocks, S Fla.—(W. I., S. A.)—All y
6. GOMPHRENA L. Herbs (ours mostly perennials). Leaves opposite:
blades entire. Flowers perfect, usually in terminal head-like spikes. Sepals 5,
short style.—About 90 species, widely dis-
tributed, but most abundant in South
America.
1. G. dispersa i mo ies and branches
mbe
diffu bi or dee nt, somewhat appressed-
pubescent: le af. blades E elliptic-
spatulate, or elliptic, 2-5 em. long: bractlets
becoming 5-6 mm. long, white or purplish-
: at lan
NT
BUTTON. wb plaees aa roadsides, ow tal Plain, Fla. to Nat
trop. — , Mez., C. A.)— A fav orite plant in old tus gardens. —
The ae are "white, yellow, purple, or red.
7. IRESINE R. Br. Herbs with erect or diffuse stems. Leaves opposite:
blades broad. Flowers dioecious, paniculate. Sepals 5, equal, obtuse, acute, or
acuminate. laments united at the base. Staminodia wanting. Stigmas ses-
sile.—About 20 species, natives of temperate and tropical regions.—The flowers
are white, pink or greenish.
Plant annual, but sometimes persistent for more than a year from a stout e DES
sepals of the Ds flowers 3-veined, obtuse. 1. I. Celos
Plant perennial from ongate FOOL oes Sepals of the pistil-
late flowers faintly 1-veined, acute, 2. I. rhizomatosa.
478 AMARANTHACEAE
1. I. Celosia L. Annual, but sometimes persistent from a stout taproot, T
1-3 m. tall, erect or clambering : leaf-blades ovate, rhombic, or lanceolate, 3-14 e
long, obtuse a hort-acuminate, some-
times soft-pu o Hi perds s much-branched,
the pistillate ones with fluffy wool at the base
oft owers: sepals elliptic, 1-1.5 ong,
tuse: utricle shorter than the calyx
Laie aniculata (L.) Kuntze |—
ocks, marshes and old fields, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—(W. I., Mez.,
C. A., S. A. Mirac —fall or all year $.
long, glabrous, or with few short soft hairs,
especially beneath: sepals ovate-elliptic or
ivti ong, acute or A ped utricle equalling the ealyx or longer.
—River-banks, bottoms, meadows, and w di various provinees, N of Coastal
Plain, Ala. to Tex., Kans., and Md —Su m.—fal
C
pand
=p
"Gd
œ
ped
Hor
EL
E
O3
B
B
PHILOXERUS R. Br. Herbs with prostrate or creeping branches.
AN opposite: blades narrow. Flowers perfect, in dense head-like spikes
Sepals 5, very unequal, the outer ones, at
least, obtuse. Filaments united at the base.
taminodia wanting.—About 10 species,
widely distributed in warm coastal regions.
. P. vermicularis (L.) R. Br. oe some-
. lon
.o-4 mm. long, t uter
long, the inner lanceolate. [Iresine vermicu-
laris (L.) Moq. Lithophila vermicularis
Uline]—Coastal sand-dunes amp d
and uie places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex
—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A., O. W.) —All year.
9, FROELICHIA Moench. Herbs (ours annual or biennial). Leaves
opposite: blades entire. Flowers perfect, in dense spikes on long peduncles.
alyx crested or tubereled at maturity.
Filaments united into a long tube.—About
12 species, American
1. E. TA Pu Moq. Plants rather
slender dm. tall, sometimes
brane die puberulent: leav
, eonspieuously remote; blades linear or
spikes 1-
nently toothed erests and 1 or 2 tubercle-
like or spiny ridges on one or each face at
CORRIGIOLACEAE | 479
maturity.— (COTTON WEED. area ene ere and sandy old fields, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.; adv. in Del.—All year 8S.
Famity 5. CORRIGIOLACEAE —WuirLow-wogT FAMILY
Herbs, but often firm or woody at the base. — opposite, stipu-
late: blades entire. Flowers perfect, eymose. Calyx
s awned or cuspidate at the sd
or 5 stamens borne on the margin of the minute or long
hypanthium. Gynoecium mostly 2-carpellary. wanes 1-celled.
utricle or an achene. Seed ee —About 20 genera and 100 species
of wide uero. distributio
Hypanthium very small: stamens borne on its edge under the ovary.
Tribe I. PARONYCHIEAE.
Hypanthium well-developed, nearly or quite as long as .
the ealyx: stamens borne high up on its edge. Tribe II. SIPHONYCHIEAE.
I. ner dd Wee
Sepals with ue awns on the back of the hood. 1. PARONXCHIA.
or mucro on the back of tno hood.
lender.
turgid at the base: sepals narrow, elongate:
r-sacS narrow. 2. GASTRONYCHIA.
Calyx Bot turgid at the base; sepals broad: anther-
saes bro ad: 3. ANYCHIASTRUM.
Style wanting or very short.
Sepals mucronate. 4. ANYCHIA.
epals umbonate at the apex. 5. NYACHIA.
II. SIPHONXCHIEAE
Flowers subtended by eee bracts at maturity.
Sepals short and prose, a mucro: oe urceolate. 6. SIPHONYCHIA.
e e nd n o Dno ut a mu : flower subu-
late or Bio Comum te. 7. ODONTONYCHIA.
Flowers subtended by indurated br acts at maturity. 8. GIBBESIA.
1. PARONYCHIA [Tourn.] Adans. Annual or perennial herbs, with
short tufted or matted branches and longer, often erect flower-stems. Leaves with
narrow, ofton bristle-like blades. Sus eompaet or congested. Sepals narrow,
hooded at the apex, and terminating in a cusp or awn, sometimes alternatin
with E bristles or tooth-like ee ioe included. —— bs ‘species,
natives of warm regions.—Sum.—fall—WHITLOW-WworRTs. NAILW
Cymes nearly naked: calyx glabrous: bracts bristle-like. 1. P. dichotoma.
Cymes densely silvery bracted: calyx pubescent: bracts linear. 2. P. argyrocoma.
1. P. dichotoma (L.) Nutt. Plants in tufts: leaf-blades bristle-like, 1-3.5
cm. long, often Maa anager flowering stems 1—4 dm. tall, glabrous or
a sepals becom . long,
a short
ORT.) —Roc d
provinces N of Me SN Plain, N.C.t
Tex., W. Va.
2. P. argyrocoma (Michx.) Nutt. Plants
7a o s Po -o nearly so, flat,
tops,
cliffs, and rocky slopes, often in acid soil,
Blue "Ridge and adj. provinees, Ga.
and. Va.— Carpets of this ee on the nie
480 . |J .CORRIGIOLACEAE
peaks of the southern oe are striking as a result of the silvery stipules,
hence the name SILVERLIN
2. GASTRONYCHIA Small. Annual herbs with radially branched stems,
at maturity usually in cushion-like tufts. Leaves with rather broad blades.
" :
ith
minute hood at the apex and a slender spine-
like eusp. Anthers narrow. he n.
united, sometimes separating age
partly deciduous. Utricle included in ae
swollen bottom of the calyx.—One species.
1. G. herniarioides (Michx.) Small. Plant
in a depressed mat, finely somewhat rough-
a : dm. long:
pubescent, the branches 0.5—2 leaf
blades elliptie to oval, or those of the Ñ
leaves spatul cap with a minute pale apical cusp: MN T
late, about 1.5 mm. long, rarely larger rud pubescent, the swollen b n part
and is E about equal in len d utricle about half as long as the calyx.
[Par herniarioides Nutt. TU herntarioides ‘small. T Sand.
hills ad js Coastal Plain, "Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-fall.
ANYCHIASTRUM Small. Annual or rarely perennial herbs with
dii ei bes ing, usually prostrate branches. Leaves with narrow blades.
Cymes effusely branched, the cymules usually lax. Calyx not swollen near the
base. iae broad, with a wide hood at the apex and a short stubby mucro.
Anthers broad. Styles elongate, united, separating and partly deciduous in
age. Utricle reaching the top of the calyx or exserted.— Three species in the
SE U. S.—Sum.—fall.
Annual or biennial plants, the stems pubescent,
Calyx pubescent: leaf-blades ciliate. d. Baldwinii.
Calyx glabrous: leaf-blades not ciliate. 2. A. montana.
Perennial plants, the stems glabrous. 3. A. riparia.
1. A. Baldwinii (T. & G. ) Small. Stem and branches minutely pubescent,
main ones 1-4 dm. long, usually with eA short-lateral branchlets: leaf- blades
narrowly elliptie to linear "alli tic, 8-2
tel e
scurely so: sepals oval to ovate, a
long, pubescent: bb. ele equ
or slightly longer. [Par hi
Chapm.]—Dry sandy soil, often on sand-
dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. La. and N. C.
2. A. montanum Small, Stems and branches
diffuse and oe esc us branehed, minutely
pubescent, rather uniformly dichotomous
spatulate, 4-11 mm. long, glabrous or nearly
so: sepals ovate to elliptic- aes about
mm. long, glabrous: utricle includ —Dry
woods, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces, Ga.
o Pa.
CORRIGIOLACEAE 481
3. A. riparium (Chapm.) Small. Stem and branches prostrate, glabrous, 2—12
dm. long, with us pe i lateral branchlets: cng ns E be erie
elliptic, 5~12 mm. long, glabrous: sepals ovate or ov ong:
utricle about as ae as the calyx. [Paronychia 22 gh apm. oe ect
soil, river-banks and sandhills, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and N. C.
4. ANYCHIA Michx. Annual herbs with forking stems. Leaves herba-
ceous, with narrow or rather broad flat blades. Stipules lacerate. Cymes ter-
minating the branches, the cymules open or clustered. Sepals with narrow
margins, hooded and mucronate. Anthers usually borne about half way up on
the inner face of the sepal. Styles short, aim ne by the follow-
ing two species.—Sum.-fall.—FORKED-CHICK
Leaves glabrous: sepals flat at maturity: utricle much exceeding E calyx.
Mp canadensis.
EE pubescent: sepals ridged at maturity: utricle about
S long as the calyx. 2. A. polygonoides.
1. A. canadensis (L.) B. S. P. Stem 0.5— dm. tall, the branches very slender
often Rs capillary, long- jointed, glabrous: leaf- blades thin, elliptie to oval,
0.5-2 em. long, deep-green, typically obtuse,
petioled: cymes open: bracts broad, obtuse
sepals obtuse, with wide searious d s
[A. dichotoma capillacea (Nutt.) Torr.]—
D ods and shaded hillsides, various
provinces, Ga. to Ark., Minn., Ont., and
Mass. |
2. A. polygonoides Raf. Stem 0.5-3 dm
tall, bed branehes slender, do. en
pubescent: leaf- ved ee e iu
neer-llptio 0-1. . lon E pa ale-
Lisa ly acute, sessile pe nea
mpact: bracts rrow, rel uei.
sepals y pos qs pud or obseure M
margins. [4. dichotoma (Fl. SE. U. 8.)]— (OMA
Mint. woods, hillsides and dry open slopes, various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Mi and Me.
5. NYACHIA Small. Annual | irai branched partly fleshy herbs.
Leaves e with broad, but revolute blades. Stipules pectinate fim-
briate. Cymes much branched, the cymules
borne all along p ranches. pals wit
broad wing-margins, hooded and with a
thick umbo. Anthers relatively large, borne
in the sepal-hood. Styles very short, dis-
tinct.—One species.
1. N. pulvinata Small. Stem branched at
the base, the branches radially ee and
repea tedly dichotomous, 5-20 em. long, wi
leaf- blades o ovate to
ler |
pol @
=}
6
[e |
LI
s6
ct
.. CP
t
I
oS
mm. yx
about 0.5 mm. long, its sepal hoods blunt,
pale, prse jm utriele oval or ellip-
soid, a m. Wi Rd E S
end of lake oun Fla.—Spr.-s
31
482 CORRIGIOLACEAE
SIPHONYCHIA T. & G. Annual or biennial herbs with s
poak stems and branches. Leaves with narrow, somewhat fleshy,
curved blades. Cymes several- to many-flowered, po densely ch in
age. Sepals broad, narrowly or widely hooded at the apex and minutely or
obseurely euspidate, pale or pale-margined, longer or shorter than the hypan-
thium. Utricle ineluded.—Following are the only known species.—Spr.—fall.
Sepals aee at the tip, with an evident but minute cusp, erae bas the
hypanthiu S. diffus
Sepals brondened at the tip, with an obscure cusp, shorter than
e panthium.
Cymes many-flowered: cymes with minute bracts. S. americana.
Cymes few-flowered: cymes with foliaceous bracts. 3 S. pauciflora.
S. diffusa Chapm. Stem and branches 1-6 dm. long, minutely pale-pubes-
cent: blades of the d pd leaves du iE linear-oblanceolate, or linear-
spatulate to almost linear, 0.5-2.5 cm. long,
hirsutulous: cymes ultimately ien glomer
ulate: flowers over ed sepals
ovate to lanceolate, as Ee e hypan-
vac or unl longer, d eh ice E iis
the e apex and a cusp.—.
cA nds. perce adis and RUD.
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.
S. americana (Nutt) T. & G. Stem and
bran : g, minutely retrorse-
pubescent when young, obscurely pubescent
or ge: of the cauline
TWIST
LADLNE MEC or
=
i
usually pale agian ciliate: flowers scarcely .
1.5 mm. long: sepals Bs as long as the noo or buon with a
broad “dilated ‘hood at the inflexed a apex and an obscure cusp.—Sandhills, dry
pinelands, and old fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.
3. S. paucifiora Small. Stem and saci 1-6 dm. long, obseurely pubescent
or glabrous in age: leaves similar to those of S. e na, but usually larger
and less pubescent: flowers about 1.5 mm. ee epal obovate- cuneate, rather
shorter than the hypanthium, with a broad dilated hood at the inflexed apex
and an AE cusp.—Sandhills, dry woods, and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
and G
. ODONTONYCHIA Small. Annual or perennial herbs, with erect or
diffuse stems and branches. Leaves somewhat fleshy, the blades narrow, entire.
Cymes corymbose, compact or M. the cymules o Sepals concave,
sometimes with a mere indication a blunt or acute mucro. Utricle included.
—Only the following species ch
Stem and branches glabrous: hypanthium glauco bá 1. O. erecta.
Stem and branches pubescent: hypanthium pubese
epals lanceolate when flattened : hopes Duy pubes-
cent. 2. O. interior.
Sepals ovate when flattened : hypanthium minutely pubescent. 3. O. corymbosa.
1. O. erecta (Chapm.) Small. Plant glaucous, the branches erect, E dm
tall: leaf-blades mainly spatulate, linear-oblanceolate or linear, 0.5-3 e m. long,
PHYTOLACCACEAE 483
the silvery stipules very conspicuous against
n
Siphon
Coastal sand: d. N Fla. a
2. O. interior Small. Plant closely brown-
pubeseent and often somewhat viseid, the
branches spreading, 1-4 dm. lon ng: leaf- d
blades spatulate to linear, 0. 5s 2.5 em. long, |:
inary e pubescent: cymes open , dif- 5
fuse: flow iss e 2.5 mm. long: sepals 34: |
eee ae uch lon oe than the GE
hy ypan nthium: T pe than 1 mm. long.— Y
rub. N Fla.
ha corymbosa Small. Plant minutely grayish, ee the P
' r3 dm. tall: - esi pcd: to E iptie or linear, 0.5-1.5 e
ien minutely p aggregated in a co Pd terminal obs:
flowers scarcely 2.5 um "sepas ovate, DUE slightly longer than s
hypan nthium: utricle bon l mm. in diameter. — Coastal sand-dunes, N Fla.
Mis
8. GIBBESIA Small. Annual or biennial herbs with erect stems. Leaves
with narrow blades. Cymes several to many-flowered, dichotomous, the eymules
often compact, but not glomerulate. Sepals
narrow, pale, minutely hooded and cuspidate yA
t the apex, longer than the hypanthium.
bl ineluded.—One species.
Rugelii (Chapm.) Small Stem 1-5
dx tall, rather closely, pale-pubescent, ulti-
mately effusely branched: oa A nar-
Or
asi uc 1-3 TEN slightly more
sely pubescent nee the «Nus epals
pud S B about 2 ong, e
cusp acute. [Paro ronychia Rugelii wo
—Sandhills, pinelands, and old
Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and a
Sum.-fall.
Famity 6. PHYTOLACCACEAE — PokEWwEkED FAMILY
Herbs, enue or trees. Leaves alternate: blades entire, sometimes
oD
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shy. t em :
or 5 sepals. Corolla ie) ng. Androecium of 4—8 stamens, or more, borne
below the ovary. Gynoecium 1—many-carpellary. Fruit baccate. Me
22 genera and 110 ee mostly natives of the tropic
Hypanthium wanting: ary super
Gynoecium 1- ur cape. style TR fruit laterally
flattened. Tribe I. RIVINEAE.
Gynoecium 2—many-carpellary: styles 2—many: fruit
vertically Wc Ru. Tribe II. PRHYTOLACCEAE.
Hypanthium present: ovary inferior. Tribe III. AGDESTIDEAE.
484 PHYTOLACCACEAE
I oot
Stamens 4: style elongate: stigma capit 1. RIVINA.
Stamens 8-16: style wanting: stigma Denicillate, 2. TRICHOSTIGMA.
II. PHYTOLACCEA
Large perennial herbs, Don the raceme-like Dunt ulti-
mately opposite the leav 3. PHYTOLACCA.
III. AGDESTIDEAE
Vines with much- Bo stems, broad leaf-blades, and
many-flowered panicles 4. AGDESTIS.
1. RIVINA [Plum.] L. Relatively small often partially woody plants.
Fowers racemose. Sepals narrow, partly enclosing the simple fruit or reflexed
at ma Stamens 4 thers ovoi
tyle eccentric, stout: stigma capita
Berry red rple orange or yellow.—Four
or 5 species of tropical and warm-temperate
regions.
R. humilis L. Plants 3-7 dm. tall, or
wit ongat like stems: leaf-blades
ovate, lanceolate, or elliptic, 3-15 cm. long,
undulate: sepals cuneate to linear-oblong,
-2. m. long - E pem
(ROUGE-PLANT. BABY-P R.)—Hammoeks,
sand- d jus thickets, fren Plain, Fla.
to T id —(W. I., Mez., C. "T
CANY E germ known as blood-
berry.
2. TRICHOSTIGMA A. Rich. Shrubs with trailing, diffuse, reclin-
ing, or climbing stems and branches. Leaf-blades broad, entire. Flowers
er. mens 6:
extrorse. Style wanting. Stigma tufted.
Berry dark-eolored.—About 4 species of
tropical America.
1. T. octandrum (L.) H. Walt. Shru
with diffuse, reclining, or climbing branches
often e . long: leaf-blades ovate, elliptic,
or oval, mostly 4-9 em. long, usually short-
acuminate, seis long-petioled : gd
s 4-
; C. A.,
3. PHYTOLACCA [Tourn.] L. Relatively large or stout plants. Flow-
ers panieulate, the panicles often raceme- ike. Sepals broad, spreading under
the compound fruit. Stamens 5-25: anthers short, often ovoid or globose.
Styles 5—12.—A bout 24 aes mostly tropieal.—The fruits are a favorite bird-
PETIVERIACEAE 485
food. The young shoots are sometimes used as a substitute for asparagus or
cooked as greens. The roots contain a deadly poison.—PokKEs. INKBERRIES.
SCOKES. PIGEON-BERRIES.
Panicles nodding in fruit: berry shorter than its stalk. 1. P. americana.
Panicles permanently erect: berry longer than its stalk. 2. P. rigida.
americana L. 1-3 tall, the branches green, magenta, or
: Plants m. .
purple: leaf- Heg mainly ovate-laneeolate to ovate, 9-30 em. long: calyx 5-6
wide: berry 7-10 mm. wide, its length
less $ than the oe of its stalks: seed about
3 lon
Minn and Me.—Spr.—fall. D The Pe of
this dus the fo "uia species are white
often sordid or flushed with purple. The
berries are often used to pem a red ink.
2. P. rigida Small. Plants 1-3 m. tall, or
sometimes arborescent and becoming 6 or 7
m. tall, the branches greenish-purple: leaf-
py lanceolate to oblo ee lanceolate, 7-34 .
long: berry 10- wide.—Ham
i ge a ale Eom oma Plain, Fla,
to Tex ll yea
4. AGDESTIS Moc. & Sessé. Vines with tur rnip-like roots and copiously
branched stems. Leaf-blades very broad. Flowers perfect, borne in panicles.
s 4, or rarely 5, spreading, persistent. Stamens numerous: filaments
deniers anthers narrow. Ovary inferior: :
se
Achene 4—5-winged.—The flowers are white
or greenish-white.
re , 3- ng, obtuse at the apex,
broadly cordate or truncate at the base, long-
p les ny- owered, mostly
1-1.5 dm. long: sepals mainly oblong or
oval, 4-6 mm. long: achene turbinate, the
wings 11- m. b oad en tip to tip.—
8 f
Hammocks and waste-places, S pen. Fla.
and Tex.—Nat. of Mex. and eult.—All year.
= Extensively grown in S Fla. as an ornamental vine.
Famity 7. PETIVERIACHAE — Petiverra FAMILY
Woody plants, usually strong-scented. Leaves alternate: um firm,
entire. Flowers perfect, in virgate spikes. Hypanthium present. Cal
of 4 nearly equal sepals. Corolla wanting. Androecium of neg stamens,
borne in the hypanthium. Fruit an achene with reflexed spines at the top.
—Consists of the following genus and species.
486 BATIDACEAE
1. PETIVERIA [Plum.] L. Shrubs with extensively creeping or hori-
zontal rootstoeks. Leaves with narrow stipules. nthers sagittate, forked at
the apex n wanting. Stigma lateral, penicellate. Achene appressed to
the E ibo: rae
1. P. allacea L. Ste 3-12 dm. tall,
often with virgate em EU leaf-blades
Magnes elliptie- oe or elliptic, 4-12
. long: spikes 1-3 dm. long, vd eid
ae linear to Tiere lanceolate
long, about as lon ne as the a
ac chen ne linear-cuneate, 6-10 mm. long, the
spines one-half as long as the body or less.—
(GUINEA-HEN WEED.) Fi v pen. Fla.
and the Keys; also S Tex.—(W. I., Mez.,
- A., 8. 71 es —When crushed, i plant
mits a disagreeable skun nk-like odor. The
d MB are white or greenish, often ivory-
white.
Faminty 8. BATIDACHAE — Sautwort FAMILY
Maritime partially succulent shrubs. Leaves opposite, fleshy, half-
terete, linear or clavate, entire. Flowers small, dioecious, in axillary
cone-like spikes. Staminate cones with persistent pd seales each
subtending a flower: calyx cup-shaped, 2-lobed: stamens 4-5, inserted at
late cones peduncled, 4—12-flowered, the scales deciduous: the flowers each
consisting of merely a 4-celled ovary with a sessile stigma. Ovule 1 in
each eavity. Fruit a fleshy cone. e enel by the following genus and
species.
1. BATIS P. Br. Plants with smooth and glabrous foliage. Leaves
without stipules.
1. B. maritima L. A glabrous eee green
strong-scented shrub, with spreading or
prostrate, often creeping, stems 0.5-1.5 m.
long: leaves curved, 1-2.5 em. long: cones
long, j
5-10 :
duneles 2-5 mm. long: bracts reniform o
suborbieular, often i nud fruit oblong
obovoid, 1-2 long, short-stalked,
L
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— '
Menz., C. A., S. A.) —The stems and branches
often recurve and root at the tip.—In its
typieal habitat the gore occupies oe
ground exclusively. The peculiar pale-gree
of o foliage is striking. It crunches under foot after the manner of sam-
phi
ALLIONIACEAE | 487
FaAwxinLY 9. ALLIONIACEAE — Fovn-o'cLockx FAMILY
Herbs with diehotomous stems or shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite:
blades entire or nearly so. Flowers mostly perfect, 1 or more in an invo-
luere. Calyx of several united sepals, usually corolloid, deciduous above
the ovary. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 1—many stamens, borne be-
ut
25 genera and 350 species, most abundant in America.—The plants are
easily grown, and some with showy flowers are widely cultivated.
Flower, or flower-head, subtended by an involuere: fruit not clavate or obpyramidal.
Bracts of the involucre distinct: stamens 10-18: fruit sub-
terranean 1. OKENIA,
Bracts of the eee united: stamens 3-6: fruit not sub-
terran
Calyx lon an fruit obtusely- or obscurely-angled :
involucre unchanged in fruit. 2. MIRABILIS.
Ert open e or Short-funnel form: fruit grooved:
uere accrescent. 3. ALLIONIA.
Flower aet RD nded by an involucre; fruit obbyramidal or
clavate obovoid. 4, BOERHAAVIA.
. OKENIA Schlecht. & Cham. Annual oo herbs. Leaves oppo-
site: blades inequilateral. Flowers solitary the 3-bracted involucres.
Calyx short-funnelform, the lobes emargi-
nate. ns 1l ite
the base. Fruit somewhat elongate, bent,
l-striate and transversely wrinkled, BUDE:
ranean.—One species.
1. ypogaea Schlecht. & Cham. Stem
and branches dd iu densely viscid-pubes-
cent, 2-11 dm. long: upon fleshy,
ovate to elliptic- bl. 2.5—4 em. long, ob-
tuse at the apex, truneate or pa ae at the
base, stout-petioled: calyx of the cons ide
ous infertile flowers deep-violet or rose-pur
ple, 3—4 cm. wide on young plants, 6-8 em
ow
ers inconspicuous: das e ene or oval, 4-2 em. long.—Coastal dunes and
hammocks, S Fla.—(Mez.)—All y
2. MIRABILIS L. Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite. Pove typi-
cally 1 in an involucre. Calyx salverform, the limb large. Stamens 3-6;
filaments united at the base. Fruit of an =
ovoid type, constricted near the base.—
About 25 species natives of America.
1. M. Jalapa L. Plants pide. except
the young parts: leaf-blades ovate,
to purple, yellow, pink, or white and vari-
ously variegated: fruit broadly ovoid.—
(Four-0’CLOCK. MARVEL-OF-PERU.)—Waste
ra cult, E and Dx S Fla.
Nat n DE Ls
[ l yea SA favorite are “fashioned
garden iur Een: eseaped.
488 ALLIONIACEAE
3. ALLIONIA Loefl. Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite: blades equila-
teral or nearly so. Flowers 1-5 in each involucre. Calyx campanulate or
short-funnelform. Stamens 2-5, unequal. Fruit her) slightly 5-angled
or 5-grooved. oan L'Her.]—About 40 species, with one exception
American.—Spr.-sum.—U MBRELLA-WORTS.
Leaf-blades narrow, gradually. narrowed at the base 1. A. albida.
or uc except in the uppermost leaves, broad, cordate at
e bas 2. A. nyctaginea.
1. A. albida Walt. Stem up to 2 m. tall: leaf-blades Serie narrowly
ipte, or linear-lanceolate, 3—15 em. long, sessile or nearly so: involueres
becoming 2. em. wide: ealyx white or
pale-pink: fruit 4.5-5 mm. long, the angles,
and the ha pom B [Oxy-
baphus albidus Choisy|—Dry soil on hill-
Si i
Coastal Plain, S. C. to Tex., Kans
Tenn.
2. A. taginea Michx. Stem u
tall: leaf- blades broadly ovate, or triangular-
ovate, or broadly lanceolate, 2-11 em. long,
petioled: involueres becoming 2 em. Wr
i:
finely Tbe ulate. [Oxybaphus Eds Md
Sweet]—(WiLD FOUR-O'CLOCK. MBRELL.
WORT.)—Dry soil, various provinces, sre Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex., Mont.,
and Wis.—(Mez Jj)
4. BOERHAAVIA [Vaill] L. Annual or perennial usually diffuse
herbs. Leaves opposite: blades often undulate. Flowers subtended by minute
bracts. Calyx-tube not prolonged beyond the ovary, the limb campanulate to
rotate. Fruit clavate to obovoid, 5-10 r ibbed.—About 50 species, natives of
the Old World and the New.—SPIDERLINGS
Fruits glandular, rounded at the apex: plants perennial. 1. B.coccinea.
Fruits glabrous, flat at the apex: plants annual. 2. B. erecta.
1. B. coccinea Mill. Stem branched at the base, the branches diffusely
spreading, 6-12 dm. ae Fg poe cu to elliptic- -ovate, 2-8 em. long,
gl
pyramidal, 3 mm. long, the ribs d M
the top rounded.—[B. hirsuta Wil m) B.
paniculata Rich., B. decumbens Vahl. B.
viscosa Lag. & Rodr. Small F1.] P iugi
waste places, and hammocks, pen. Fla.; adv.
in N. C.; also Tex. to Calif.—(W. I., Mez.,
C. A., S. A., O. W.)
2. B. a L. Stem simple MD erect
or branched at the 2 the bra s de-
mbent or spreading, 3-12 dm "ou. ‘eat.
blades d to deltoid- rg 2-8 em. long,
PISONIACEAE 489
minutely black- dotted on the uc denen surface: calyx white or purple;
tube glabrous; limb campanulate, 1-1.5 mm. long, sparingly pubescent: fruit
obpyramidal, 3.54 mm. long, 5 aele ed, the grooves xn ps4 per the
top flat.— Waste places, fields, r roadsides and hammocks, Coa 1 Plain’ and
a ern ae provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., AE and i 'o— —(W. I.
Mex., C. A )
FAwxinLy 10. PISONIACEAE — PisoNiA FAMILY
Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves opposite or alternate: blades simple.
Flowers perfect, dioecious or rarely monoecious, cymose. Calyx o
united sepals, eampanulate, tubular, or funnelform. Corolla wanting.
Androecium of 5-30 stamens. Gynoecium l-earpellary. Ovary 1-celled:
style terminal. Fruit an anthocarp.—Three genera and about 40 species,
mostly tropical.
Fruit angular, with rows of glands: calyx broad. 1. PISONIA.
Fruit terete, glandless: calyx narrow. 2. TORRUBIA.
PISO A [Plum .] L. Armed woody vines, or shrubs or trees. Leaves
EN eae ntire. Flowers in compound cymes. Calyx broadly funnel-
form or rotate, with a thin undulate recurved edge. Fruit dry, with rows of
glands.—About 25 species in tropical and subtropical regions.
Stem mostly climbing, armed: leaf-blades abruptly pointed or shorencuninate: fruits
glandular from the base to the apex. 1. P. aculeata.
Stem erect, unarmed: aa blades blunt or retuse: fruits glandu-
lar above the middle 2. P. rotundata.
1. P. aculeata L. Woody vine with branching thorns, the ultimate divisions
na or hooked, very ed or rar p. ereet and somewhat tree-like: leaf-
blades Es val, or ovate, 2.5-7
long: pedicels senders E be eal
longer than wide: fruit slender, 3-3.5 mm.
ee e idee S-CLAWS. PULL-
AND-HOLD-BA OLD K.) — Hammocks,
S pen. Fla. pe the Keys —(W. I.)—The
calyx is usually purple.
2. P. rotundata Griseb. Shrub or small
tree, the bark pale: Ea. thick,
broadly elliptie or oval, varying to obovate,
2.5—8 cm. long, short-pe RR n densely
flower red ealyx green or whitish, broadly
3 mm
funnelform, about long, to mentulose
along the edge: fruit broadly E ide]
obovoid, 5—6 mm. long.—(PISONIA.)—
ede and pinelands, Florida Keys —(F. 5 )
2. TORRUBIA Vell. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades
entire. Flowers in cymes. Calyx id funnelform to tubular, with an
ereet nearly or quite even edge, purplish, pink, green, or white. Fruit juicy,
purplis
without glands.—About 20 species, CAM of tropical and id a Ameriea.
Leaf-blades glabrous: inflorescence-branches glabrous in age.
Fruit obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, 8-10 mm. long, the hard
part ellipsoid : leaf-blades oblanceolate, obovate, cune-
ate, elliptic or oval.
Leaf-blades oblanceolate to cuneate or narrowly obovate:
fruit obovoid.
Leaf-blades obovate, elliptic, or oval: fruit ellipsoid or
id.
-»
. T. longifolia.
llipsoid-obovo 2. T. Bracei.
Pu subglobose, 6- T long, the hard part oval: leaf-
orbicular- ae 'to suborbicular. 3. T. globosa.
lades
ois Cop onely pubescent: inflorescence-branches persis-
tly pubescent. 4. T. floridana.
1. T. longifolia (Heimerl) Britton. Shrub or small tree, with pale smooth
bark and brittle branches: na blades oblanceolate to cuneate or narrowly
obovate, 2.5—5 em. long, thinnish, DRE
490 TETRAGONIACEAE
|
(BrLoLLv.)—Hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the
Keys.—(W. I.)
. Bracei Britton. Shrub or small tree,
with rather pale bark: leaf-blades obovate,
elliptic, or oval, 3.5-6 cm. long, thick
hard
-9 mm. long.— (BLOLLY. Pe mocks and adj. pinelands, lower eastern
coast, pu Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)
T. globosa Small. Small tree, with gray, often dark-gray bark: leaf-
blade a e to suborbieular, mostly 1—2 em. long, thinnish, rounded
margin t the apex, slender- petiole: calyx greenish- purple: fr ruit sub-
globose, dr mm. long, dark-red, juicy, depressed at the apex, the edd Spa
. long.—Hammocks, lower EN coast, pen. Fla. and the Key
floridana Britton. Low es with gnarled branches: leaf-blades
4. T.
spatulate, cuneate, or obovate, 2-3.5 em. long: fruit slightly broadened upward,
—7 mm. long.—Rocky red Rock Be m la Eo nearly a century ago
Famity 11. TETRAGONIACEAE — CARPET-WEED FAMILY
Herbs, firm or suceulent, or partially woody plants. Leaves alternate
or opposite, sometimes apparently whorled. Flowers perfect, polygamous,
X of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla
or unisexual, regular or nearly so. ly ls. Coroll
wanting (in our species). Androecium of 4 o ypogynous or perigy
nous sta , or sometimes fewer, umerous. Gynoecium of
2-several united carpels. Ovary da aad or pa nfe Fruit a
psule
species, mostly natives of the tropi cs.
Hypanthium minute: ovary essentially superior. Tribe I, MOLLUGINEAE.
ae Lace er quite oe aes turbinate, or cam-
nulate: ovary m ss i .
Ovary partly inlerior. -
Capsule circumscissile. Tribe II. SESUVIEAE.
Capsule ig cidal. Tribe III. AIZOEAE.
Ovary inferi Tribe IV. TETRAGONIEAE.
I. MOLLUGINEAE
Radially prostrate wiry-stemmed herb. 1. MOLLUGO.
TETRAGONIACEAE 491
II. SESUVIEAE
Leaves with stipules: ovary 1- or 2-celled.
epals unappendaged : stamens 1-3. 2. CYPSELEA.
Sepals appendaged : stamens 5-10. 3. TRIANTHEMA.
Leaves without stipules: ovary 3-5-celled. 4. SESUVIUM.
III. AIZOEAE
Diffuse or prostrate plants with numerous leaves and small axil-
lary flowers. 5. GALENIA.
IV. TETRAGONIEAE
p E fleshy plants with large leaves and small flow-
n their axils. 6. TETRAGONIA.
1. MOLLUGO L. Annual slender herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes
mo whorled: blades narrow. ne 5, hyaline-margined, glabrous
Stam 3—5. Styles 5, short.—About 12
species, pe tropical.
*
. Maru qs L. prs slender,
prostrate, 4—30 long: m-leaves 1l- 3
ong; mem. spatulate Ln pes ys
Ta a se or acu apex: flowers 2-5
at each node, nie P dicelled: poe ellip-
tie, 2.5-3 em. long, green, or white within:
stamens eee 3, occasionally 4; filaments
2. long: capsule lipsoid or nearly
80, p slightly Im bed calyx, 20-
30 seeded.— (INDIAN- s KWEE ARPE T-
WEED.)—River-banks, aste-places, cult.
grounds and pd de various provinees,
Fla. to Tex pud Ont., a ee —(W. I.,
Mex., C. A., S. 4^) Spr. —fal
2. CYPSELEA Turp. Annual or probably ipee: sueculent herbs.
Leaves opposite: blades relatively broad. Sepals or 5, herbaceous, not
horned. Stamens mostly 1-3. Styles usu-
very short.—Only the following
species Dp nown
1. C. humifusa Turp. Plants forming mats
2-10 em. wide, i ae odd elliptie
PA. md ong or rarely larger, ob-
tuse, entir pm rs axillary) Per bond
celled : dL ae or oval, 1.5-2 m ong
or rarely longer, Ki sane obtuse or scutis
filaments often nearly ^ lon id as the i do
al oleae ea A 1.5 n diam
—Pinelands and sandy “soil, Ta. and Calif
Nat. oP Ww. I.— fall.
3. TRIANTHEMA L. Annual or
perennial herbs or woody plants. Leaves Mau blades broad. Sepals 5,
petaloid, each horned at the tip. Stam —10. St tigma lateral on the style.
Ovules few. About 12 d PROB oe of the Old World tropics.
1. T. Portulacastrum L. Plants di iffusely branched at the base, ie epee
often 5-10 dm. dong? leaf-blades suborbicular to obovate, 0.5-2 cm. long: sep-
492 TETRAGONIACEAE
als ga e to ved e 4—5 mm. long, a d within: capsule 3.5-5
mm. long. [T. monog mocks
.]— Ha
and aes eda "S pen. a and the Keys;
—( , Mex., C. A., S. A.,
We ae sim
SESUVIUM L. Annual or peren-
nial Eu unt herbs
Stamens 1-many, sometimes grouped.—
About 4 species oe of saline regions.—
Spr.-fall.—SEA-PURSLANES.
Stamens numerous: sepals over 5 mm. long at maturit
Upper leaves with spatulate or rarely elliptic todas:
sepals becoming ovate: plants green. 1. S. Portulacastrum.
Upper leaves d linear blades: sepals becoming hastate:
plants glauco 2. S. crithmoides.
. Stamens 5: sepals ies than 5 mm. long at maturity. 3. S. pi uimun:
ulacastrum L. usually sparingly branched, the branches
cm. long: flowers short pedicelled
, Plants
ir E -2 m. long: leaf-blades spatulate to oblanceolate or rarely elliptie, 1.5—4
sepals
a
ng.
Plain, Fla. t W.
S e elw m
Portulacastrum in dus leaf-blades nar-
] —6 em. long: flowers deca
sepals 9-11 mm. long : capsule 9-11
long.—Waste places E wharves, Brine:
wick, Ga. Nat. of Angol
itimum (Walt.) B. S. P. Pla
copiously bien 0. 5- 4 eae leaf- blades petiit to obovate, 1-2.5 cm.
long: flos rs sessile: sepal mm. long: capsule about 5 mm. long. [S. pent-
andrum EIL ]—Sandy Sur pem waste grounds, on Plain, Fla. to Tex. and
N. Y.—(W. I.
4. GALENIA L. Herbs or shrubs, with spreading or prostrate branches.
Leaves opposite or alternate, pps very variable in size. Flowers perfect, in-
conspicuous, axillary. Sepals r 5. Sta-
mens 8 or 10, in pairs at WE sinuses of the
perianth. Capsule 3-5 angled, leathery.—
About 17 species, natives of Africa
unda Sond. Stem branehed at
ie long, h-branched: leaves numer-
a rhombie, neate-obovat
a a Rares 1-2 em. long:
calyx abou m. long; lobes oblong or
lanceolate- oblong, ciliate near the tip and
pubescent filaments shorter than
the CUN ooa Waste laces, W Fila.
Nat. of S Africa.—Spr.—fall.
PORTULACACEAE 493
9. TETRAGONIA L. Annual or perennial fleshy herbs or partially
woody posit Leaves opposite or alternate: blades broad. Sepals mostly 4,
somewhat
eshy. any
grouped. Se short. Ovules solitary in
each cavit
1. T. expansa Murr. Stem or branches
spreading or procumbent, 3-14 dm. long:
leaf-blades ovate to deltoid, 2-6 E long,
uncat
uneate at bas
es pes | green, ovate to hele Mr
al abou long: nut-like fruit 8—12
lon pu" horned. — (NEW-ZEALAND
ERU )? Waste places and fields, Fla.
and ia Nat. of Asia and Australia.—
Spr.—fall.
FaAwiLY 12. PORTULACACEAE — PURSLANE FAMILY
Herbs, mostly fleshy or succulent, or pal eda woody. Leaves alter-
nate or opposite: blades entire. Flow perfect, regular. Calyx
sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, or rarely more, bis petals, Androecium
of as many stamens as there are Bs or fewer or Gynoecium of
3 or more united carpels. Ovary superior or MR, u celled. Fruit a
capsule or pyxis.—About 40 species, mostly Ameri
Ovary and capsule superior: capsule 3-valved.
RO oe stamens more numerous than the sepals, or petals: capsules
eeded. 1. TALINUM.
Sepals persicae stamens as many as the sepals, or petals:
capsules few-seede CLAYTONIA.
Ovary and capsule wholly or partly inferior: capsule circumscissile. A PORTULACA.
1. TALINUM Adans. Perennial succulent and sometimes en
woody herbs, or shrubs, the stem and branches often terminatin g i iry
peduncles. Leaves terete or flat. Flowers erect. Sepals 2, deciduous. phe
9 or more, Stamens few or many. Style elongate. Ovules many on a stalked
placenta.—About 35 species, mostly American.
Plant herbaceous: leaves crowded on a caudex; blades terete or
rly so. I. lTERETIFOLIA.
Plant partly woody: leaves not crowded on a caudex; blades
broad but succulent. II. LATIFOLIA.
I. TERETIFOLIA
Stamens 20 or fewer: style scarcely, if at all exserted beyond
the stamens: corolla less than 2 em. wide. 1. T. teretifolium.
Stamens 40 or more: style much exceeding the stamens: corolla
over 2 cm. wide. . T. Mengesii.
II. LATIFOLIA
Plant simple below the inflorescence or nearly so, leafy to about
the middle, the upper part a naked elongate dichotomously
compound inflorescence : peduncles terete 3. T. paniculatum.
Plant much- branched, leafy throughout, he branches and branch-
lets terminating in corymbiform cymes: peduncles 3-angled. 4. T. triangulare.
1. T. teretifolium Pursh. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the stems often tufted, some-
times branched, copiously leafy: leaves 2-6 cm. long: peduncles slender- -wiry :
494 PORTULACACEAE
bracts appendaged at the base: flowers
hours Bins the middle of the day.
esii W. Wolf. Plants similar to
lar v j
purple, 10-15 mm. long: stamens 40—100,
usually 50-80: capsule 3-4 mm. in diam-
er.— Cliffs and rocky blanks, Appalachian
Platezu and adj. provinces, Ala. and Ga. to Tenn.—5um.
3. T. paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. Plant Bg -woody, 3-15 dm. tall,
with procumbent branches in T. paniculatum sarmentosum): leaf-blades
ipti m. : flower
spatulate, obovate, or elliptic, 3-11 cm. long: fl s numerous in elongate
thyrsoid paniele: s —4 mm. long: corollas mostly carmine, sometimes
yellowish, 0.8—1 em. wide: capsule 3-4 dm. in diameter. "o soil and eult.
grounds, Fla. to Tex. and Ariz. Nat. of the W. L—(Mez., C. A., S. 4.)—
All year.
4. T. triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. Plant quite woody, 6-15 dm. tall: leaf-
blades spatulate to bd elliptie, 2-9 em. long: flowers few in s decim
ene sepals d . lon S e corolla purple, pink, or yellow, 1.5-2 c vide:
capsule 5-8 mm. no am I rr aaa and waste pla cs, ni pen.
Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of the W. I.—(Mez., C. A., S. A.)—AIl yea
2. CLAYTONIA L. Perennial or annual fleshy herbs, the weak stems
often arising from tuber-like corms. Leaves flat. Flowers spreading or nod-
ding. Sepals 2, persistent. Petals 5. Style elongate. Ovules few.—About 10
species, natives of N. A.—SPRING-BEAUTIES. Ros FS.
Leaf-blades relatively short and broad: petals abruptly narrowed me claws.
. C. caroliniana.
p long and narrow: petals more gradually narrowed.
Capsule 4-4.5 mm. thick: leaf-blades of a broadly linear type. 2. C. media.
Capsule 2-3 mm. thick: leaf-blades of a narrowly linear type. 3. C. virginica.
d Eae Michx. Plants 5—20 em. tall: leaf-blades ovate to narrowly
about 2.5 mm. wide.—(WIDE-LEAF SPRIN
BEAUTY.) es ar Ridge d
and m
northern Doe . and Tenn. to Sask.
and N. S.; pocorn pee La.—Spr.—sum.
2. C. modia (DC.) Small. Plants 10-
about 1.5 —W oo
various Did N of Gal "Plain, D. E
to Tenn. Kans., and N MEE
3. C. virginica L. Plants 5-25 em. tall:
leaf-blades ded i sometimes very
1. C.
elliptic, 2-7 em. long: sepals 6-9 mm. ee petals 10-12 mm. long: seed
narrow, 6—14 em. long: sepals becoming 4-7
PORTULACACEAE 495
. long: petals 9-13 mm. long: seed about 2.5 mm. wide.—Woods, Coastal
Plain and adjoining provinces, Ga. to Miss., Tex., Ohio, and Va.—Spr.
3. PORTULACA [Tourn.] L. nual or perennial succulent herbs.
Leaves flat or terete. Flowers erect. aoe 2, deciduous. Petals 4-6. Style
short; stigmas 3-8, slender. Ovules many on a basal Pire 20 spe-
cies, mostly natives of America.—PORTULACAS.
Leaf-blades terete or nearly so: nc uM more or less hairy. PILOSAE
Leaf-blades flat: leaf-axils not hai ni OUR CAES
I. PILOSAE
Corolla 4-5 cem. wide: seeds sil 1. P. grandiflora.
Corolla less Gan 1.5 em. wide: Yds black or brown.
Corolla BU or purplish, mostly over 1 em. wide: seeds
Petals obovate: seeds 0.4-0.5 mm. in diameter. 2. P. pilosa. —
Petals elliptie to elliptic-ovate: seeds 0.7-0.9 mm. in :
iameter, 3. P. Smallü.
Corolla yellow or white, less than 1 cm. wide: seeds
brown. 4. P. phaeosperma.
I. OLERACEAE
Upper leaves with lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate blades:
CDU ule wach a crown like rim around the base of the cap:
eeds 5. P. coronata.
Upper jeu cs with euneate or obovate blades: capsule with
a mere line about the base of the cap: seeds black. 6. P. oleracea.
. grandiflora Hook. Plant annual, e Spore or diffuse branches,
hair- tufted in the ed axils: leave s 0.8-2.5 m. long; blades terete: flowers
solitary o Es or 3 together in an olua
PLANT.
sides, fence-rows, cult. grounds, jia Te
places, E & W N. A. Nat. of S. A.—Sum
pilosa L. Plants annual or sometimes
ne r -
voluere 6-10 bracts and white or brownish hairs: sepals ovate or triangular-
ovate, 2-3 mm. long: petals pink or pem sh: stamens 15—32: capsule sub-
globose, 3—4 mm. broad.—Sandy woods, roadsides, and cult. grounds, Coastal
me adj. Pod. Fla. to Tex., and Ga. —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—
Spr
9. P. Smallii P. Wilson. Plants with spreading boi prostrate branches, with
PER hair iris s axils: Es es 1-1.5 em. long; blades nearly terete:
flow involucre of 10 or more " e and ps hairs:
se is orbieula deltoid about 3. mm. Ioue. petals pink: sta 8-12: capsule
subg! yak a caine a . bro oad.—Sandy soil on granite PE Piedmont, Ga.
4. P. phaeosperma Urban. Plants with more or less diffusely E stems
from tuberous roots and rather inconspicuously tufted leaf-axils: s 0.5-2
cm. long; blades nearly terete; flowers terminal, in an involucre of ph bracts
496 ALSINACEAE
and whitish or pre hairs: sepals suborbieular to Maid -orbieular, 3-4 mm.
long: petals yellow: se: 12-16: capsule subglobose, 3-3.5 mm. broad.
[P. halimoides ~ Gray, not L.]—Sand- bue p and p mens S pen.
Fla. and the Keys (WW. T. Mez., S. A.) —A1l yea
5. P. coronata Small. Plant nearly po and erect or diffusely be s
branches usually deep-pink or magenta: leaf-blades mostly 1—1.5 e
lo es oblanceolate, the upper ‘iliptie or C anne Eoo or
acutish: sepals triangular, about 2 mm. long: corolla about 5 mm. wide; petals
yellow, ovate to T ovate, acut apsule hemispheric to turbinate-hemi-
spheric, about 5 mm. high.—Granite Pn Little Stone Mt. in the Piedmont
of Ga.—Fall.
6. P. oleracea L. Plant prostrate, more or less radially branched, the branches
green or dark-spotted: leaf-blades cuneate to obovate, 1-3 cm. long, rounded
the apex: sepals 2.8-4.5 mm. long: corolla mostly mm. wide; petals
yellow or orange, 3-8 mm. long, notched: capsule circumscissile about the
middle, 5-9 mm. high.—(PunzSLANE. PuSsLEY. DUCKWEED.)— ammocks,
pinelands, cult. Po and waste-places, U. S. and S Can.—(W. I., Mex.,
C. A., S. A., O. W.)—Spr.-fall or all year S.
Faminty 13. ALSINACEAE — CHICKWEED FAMILY
Herbs, sometimes woody at the base. Leaves opposite: blades entire.
lowers mostly perfect. Calyx of 4 or 5 persisten d m et vee
F
Corolla of 4 or 5 clawless oed or wanting. fes m of tw
many stamens as sepals, or few Gynoecium of 2-5 porn ae cls.
Ovary superior. Fruit a cp ale subtended by the calyx .—Thirty-two
genera and 500 species, most abundant in temperate regions.
Styles distinct.
Stipules wanting. Tribe I. Sete
Stipules present. Tribe II. Tis
Styles partly united. Tribe III. pee.
I. SAGINEAE
Styles alternate with the sepals. 1. SAGINA.
Styles opposite the sepals or alternate in Alsine aquatica.
C e short, ovoid or ellipsoid, the valves as many as the
es.
Petals 2-lobed or wanting 2. ALSINE.
Petals e) or slightly ‘notched.
Valve the capsule entire. 3. SABULINA.
Valve 5 of the capsule 2-lobed. 4. ARENARIA.
Capsule long, cylindric, open ing by twice as many tooth-like
valves as there
Petals toothed. 5. HOLOSTEUM.
Petals deeply lobed. 6. CERASTIUM.
II. TISSEAE
Leaves opposite: styles 3: capsule 3-valved. 1. TISSA.
Leaves whorled: styles 5: capsule 5-valved. 8. SPERGULA.
III. DRYMERIEAE
Petals deeply 2-lobed. 9. DRYMERIA.
Petals entire or merely toothed.
Sepals keeled. 10. POLYCARPON.
Sepals not keeled. 11. STIPULICIDA.
1. SAGINA L. Annual or perennial diminutive herbs. Leaf-blades subu-
late to filiform. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4 or 5, persistent. Petals white,
4 or 5, about as long as the sepals, or wanting. Stamens 5, or sometimes 3-10.
ALSINACEAE 497
Stigmas short. Capsule longer than the
sepals.—About 10 species natives of the
Northern MNA
1. S. decumbens (Ell) T. & G. Plants 2-10
em. tall very Pea leaf-blades linear-
subulate, 2-8 mm. long: pedicels erect, very
ut 1.
as long as calyx:
resinous-dotted.—(PEARLWoRT.)—Sandy soil,
Smithii): capsule oblong-ovoid: oo orange-
own, resinous-dotted. — (PEARLWORT.) —
soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Mass.—Spr.-s
2. ALSINE ES L. Annual or perennial weak herbs. Leaf-blades
succulent. Flowers eymose or axillary. Sepals 5 or 4, ribless. Petals 5 or 4,
2-cleft or 2-parted, rarely wanting. Stamens 10 or fewer. Stigmas 3—5, slender.
mas.
[Stellaria L.]—About 75 species, most abundant in temperate and cold regions.
—-CHICKWEEDS. STARWORTS. STiTCHWORTS.—Flowers white or pink.
Styles 5. I. uus
Styles 3, or rarely 4. II. MEDIA
PO herb with broad leaf- em the upper ones sessile
nd cordate: pedicel and calyx glandular. 1. A. aquatica.
II. MEDIAE
Corolla present.
Leaf-blades manifestly petioled.
Se ESTE mostly over 3 mm. long: petals shorter . media.
. Baldwin.
Seeds e
Sepals obtuse : petals longer than the sepals.
Sepals acute or acuminate: petals about as long as
the sepa
Corolla wanting.
A
A.
. A. longifolia.
A. pubera.
A
AP $8 Bo
. A. tennesseensis.
. A. fontinalis.
= aquatt ca (L.) Britton. Stems 2-6 dm. long, usually villous and dur piel
2 : leaf-blades ovate to elliptie-ovate, or sometimes ovate- ub ds 3-6 c
long: mm. long: petals
dee vate, 4-5 on
E times as Hone as the sepals: capsule A/O
5-6 mm. long. [Stellaria aquatica Seop.]— Q \ $) I,
(W perm ED.)—Moist woods and de WADA
waste-places, various provinces, b to N. C., \ SOS
N. Y. E Ont.; also to B. C. Nat. of Eu. F INN
—BSpr.-su NA
0
2. A. media L. Stems 1-3 dm. long, eg
Ti
D
growing in mats: leaf- "blades ovate, 0.5-2 ¢ A
long: sepals oblong-lanceolate, mm | 2
soft-tipped: petals shorter than the sepals f | e
e m. long, longer than the ealyx f m | A
[Stellaria media (L.) 11.]— (COMMON- E
CHICK WEED. ) —Cult. C woods, and 2
ire throughout U. S. and Can., ee the 3
extreme N and S. Nat. of Eu.—All yea
32
498 ALSINACEAE
3. A. Baldwinii Small. Stems 1-6 dm. long, often p ‘leaf-blades ovate,
sometimes very broadly so, 0.5—2 em. long: E. als , 2-3 mm. long: petals
about twice as long as the ‘sepals: capsule 3.5 oe in [St tellaria prostrata
Ke not Alsine prostrata Forsk. jas scil, € Coastal Plain and adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—(Mex.)—
4. A. longifolia (Muhl.) Britton. Stems 1.54.5 e long, glabrous or nearly
so: leaf-blades ibl linear-lanceolate, 1.5-7 cm. long: sepals lanceolate,
about 3 mm. lo a firm-tipped: petals as long as the sepals or some
longer: capsule 5-6 mm. long, longer than the calyx. [Stellaria longifolia
Muhl. |—( SIUE .)- Wet plaees and o various provinees, La. to
. Colo., Alas., Md., and Newf.—Spr.
5. A. pubera (Miehx.) Britton. Stems 1-3 dm. tall, finely pubescent: pe
blades ovate, or elliptic, 14 em. long, or those on the sterile branches 5-10 c
long: sepals ovate to broadly ee laneeolate, 5-7 mm. long: petals longer
than the ode: eapsule 3—4 mm. long, shorter than the ealyx. [Stellar
pubera Michx.]— (GR N TAR-CHICKWEED.)—Rich mould on hill-
sides, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. Ind., and
N. J.—Spr.
A. tennesseensis (C. Mohr) Small. Similar to 4. pubera in habit: leaf-blades
oval to suborbieular on the lower part of the stem, to ellipti e or B. -lanceo-
late above, 3-5 em. long, or longer on the sterile shoots: sepals narrowly lanceo-
late, 9-11 mm. pee oo. 4—5 mm. long. —Woods, TuieHor. Low Plateau,
Ala., Tenn., and Ky.—Spr.
7. A. fontinalis (Short & dad Britton. Stems 1-3 dm. long, glabrous: leaf-
blades oe 0.5-2 em. jong, o obtusish: sepals o to oblong-
lanceolate, 2.5—3 long: petals wanting: capsule surpassing the sepals.
[Ste ae fontnais Robinson ]—River banks, pres Low Plateau, Tenn.
K
3. SABULINA Reichenb. Annual or dcin herbs. Leaf-blades subu-
late or sometimes flat, but narrow. Flowers in A Sepals 5, often fleshy.
Petals 5, entire or e a Stamens db Sti igmas s typically 3, slen-
der. Capsule with as many valves as stigmas. y" inopsis (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—
SANDWORTS. WITCHLINGS.—The flowers are white or pinkish.
Leaves herbaceous or fleshy. I. BREVIFOLIAE.
Leaves leathery, rigid, Eubuldte or bristle-like. II. STRICTAE.
I. BREVIFOLIAE
Sepals not ribbed, nc AEN
ias sepals 4-5 m
-blades ances or E S 1. S. uniflora.
Leaf-blades filiform v subulate. 2. S. groenlandica.
Mature sepals 2-3 mm. long.
Basal and lower stem-leaves mostly less than 1 cm. long:
upper stem-leaves and bracts minute or subulate. 3. S. brevifolia.
S ne lower stem-leaves mostl 1 ecm. long
stem-leave pnus bracts linear. f 4. S. glabra.
Sepals BODEN 3-5-ribbe 5. S. patula.
l II. STRICTAE l
Leaves clustered in the axils. 6. S. stricta.
Leaves densely imbricated. 1. S. caroliniana.
1. uniflora (Walt.) Small. Stems 1-3 dm. tall: us ee 14 e
| eur acute: pedicels 2-8 em. long: sepals Eu e . long, uy
ALSINACEAE 499
dde — cuneate, 6-8 mm. long: seed 0.5
lon ney inutely roughened. | [Stellaria
uniflora W Is —Meadows or springy places,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to
Ala. and N. C.—Spr.
S. aoad (Retz.) Small. Stems
a 3- 2 dm. tall: leaf- a filiform to subu-
N. C. and Te
Lab., ' and ea —Spr.—
3. S. brevifolia rae Small. Stems 0.2-1.2 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-
spatulate to subulate, 2-6 mm. long: sepals ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceo-
late, 2-3 mm. long, noe Or aa enone petals spatulate or obovate: spatu-
late, 4-5 mm. long: capsule about 4 mm. long. [Alsine brevifolia Chapm.]—
Flat granite por and Altamaha grit, inner Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Ga.
and Ala. to N. C.—Spr.
4. S. glabra eae Small. Stems 0.5-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly. end
to nearly filiform, 1-2.5 em. long: a a io eee ig 2.0—3
pin obtuse: peas spatulate, 4—6 mm. long: capsule abou . long. p Alsing
a A. Nn: ay |—Cliffs, Blue ase. and ee E N. C. and
E o
5. S. patula € Small. Stems 0.4-3 dm. tall: leaf- ka e or fili-
form, 14 em. long: sepals la nceolate, 3-5 mm. long, acute or acu e, promi-
nently 3—5-ribbed: petals spatulate, 8-11 mm. long: capsule er i Ee as
the sepals. [Alsine patula A. Gray |—Rocky woods, limestone outcrops, and
prairies, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex., Minn., and Ky.
—Spr.—sum.
6. S. stricta See Small. Stems 1-3 tall: leaf-blades ee
mm. 1 epals ovate, about 2.5 m Pur ng: petals about thriee as long
as the RD. oculo nearly twice as lon m the sepals. [Alsine Michauxii
Fenzl|—(RocCK-SANDWORT.) —Roeky hillsides iud cliffs, often calcareous, vari-
ous provinces N of Coastal Plain, S. C. to Minn., and N. H.—Sum
7. S. caroliniana (Walt.) Small. Stems 0.5-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades pn
subulate, 5—10 mm. long: sepals ovate, n n 5 mm. long: pe etals TEE bei
as long as the sepals: capsule nearly twice as long as the s epal [A
rosa ea ee E ills and uud. often in “acid "i on
Plain, W Fla. to N. Y.—
4. ARENARIA L. Annual or perennial herbs. ae blades flat, broad or
sometimes narrow. Flowers axillary or cymose. Sepals 5, firm, often ribbed.
Petals 5, entire or notched, or wanting. Stamens Dona 10. Stigmas 3, or
rarely 2-5. Capsules with twice as many valves as stigmas.—SANDWORTS.
SANDYWINKS.
Plant pM leaf-blades several-ribbed : outer sepals lanceolate,
hispidulo . 1. A. serpyllifolia.
Plant perennials leaf-blades not ribbed: outer sepals ovate,
glabrous or nearly so. 2. A. lanuginosa.
500 ALSINACEAE
1. A. serpyllifolia L. Plant 1—4 dm. tall, erect, sometimes in much-branched
tufts: leaf-blades n a or oval, 2-8 mm. long, ciliolate, hispidulous:
outer sepals lanceolat , 2-9 2.0 mm. long, be-
coming strongly ribbed: petals white, shorter
than the sepals: capsule with a tur gid base B d
and a constricted tip, s 2.5 mm. long.
—(THYME-LEAVED SANDWORT.)—Dry soil,
woods, fields, roadsides d waste- -plaees,
widely distributed in the U. S. and S Can.
Nat. of Eurasi Spr. j
ar
E a.—spr.—A related species,
A. leptoclados Guss. with smaller and -
rower lea and n more slender
pected in N. C.; it has been found in
2. A. ua (Michx.) Rohrb. Plant
]
dm. -
tic, 1-2.5 em. long, eciliate, often obscurely fine-pubescent: outer sepals diss. :
2.5—9.0 mm. long, ee ribbed: petals white, much shorter than the sepals: cap-
sule ovoid, abou ng.—Woods, shaded banks, swamps, and hammocks,
Coastal Plain us i pcm Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—(W. I.)—Spr. —fall.
|
|
5. HOLOSTEUM [Dil.] L. Annual tender herbs. Leaf-blades flat.
Flowers in umbellike cymes. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, emarginate or
t j nder
—Three species, natives of Europe and tem-
perate Asia.
H. umbellatum L. Plants 8—40 em. tall:
leaf-blades elliptie or oblanceolate d to
elliptic or lanceolate above, 1-3 long:
Ep bag pu 4-5 mm cor seule 5.5-
6.5 lon ng, oothed: caps m. 0-6 mm.
lon ng.— “(TAG ED-CHICK WEED. ) —Cul t. gro unds,
roadsides, and waste- -places, Coastal Plein,
a. to Pa. d N. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.—
This chickweed is one of d very pe
spring pla The pale-green or glau
foliage is pe strongly eon sed with
that of the usually darker-green plants of the fields. and roadsides where this
plant thrives. The flowers are white or pinkish.
6. CERASTIUM L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades herbaceous.
Flowers eymose. Sepals 5, or 4, ribless. Petals 5, or 4, notched or 2-cleft,
or rarely wanting. Stamens 10 or fewer. Stigmas 5 or 4, stout. Capsule much
exceeding the calyx. Medis 50 species, natives mostly of jid regions.—
Spr.-early sum.—MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEEDS. CERASTIUMS.—The various species
of pais exhibit a contrasts in flowers. The white or pinkish, or
rarely greenish, corollas of some species form conspicuous patches when the
plants are in flower, while in other species the petals are so small that they are
scarcely visible.
ALSINACEAE | 501
Corolla shorter than the calyx or slightly longer, the petals inconspicuous.
I. VULGATA.
uin twice as long as the calyx or nearly so, the petals con-
cuous II. ARVENSIA.
I. VULGATA
Bracts searious or scarious-margined.
Plants annual: eapsule nearly straight, less than 8
mm. long. . C. semidecandrum.
Er perennial: capsule curved upward, over 8 mm.
. C. vulgatum.
Bracie E T
Capsule Dai ri tw wice as long as the calyx or less. 3. C. viscosum.
aay fully twice as long as the calyx.
Pedicel 3 times as long as E fruiting pt or
feos Straight or ne early s : cymes more or less
lomerate. 4. C. brachypodum.
Pedicel about 5 times as long as the fruiting calyx, l i
bent: cymes open. 5. C. longipedunculatum.
II. ARVENSI
Capsule less than twice as long as the calyx: Guise of
the cauline leaves linear to linear-lanceolate. 6. C. arvense.
Capsule over twice the length of the calyx: blades of the
cauline leaves narrowly lanceolate to elliptic. T. C. velutinum.
C. vulgatum L. Pla 8-50 e ll, pubescent and somewhat clammy:
blades of d Rr eaves elliptic, narrowly elliptic, p ovate, 5-35 mm. long:
se obtuse :
ova us 9—11 :
long. — (MOUSE-EAR.) — Roadsides, pu
and fields, U. 8. generally and S. Can. Nat.
of Eu. — Sum
midecandrum L. Plants 5-15 cm.
tall, viscid: -villous; blades of i opper Seni
obovate or a ds ; En mid ong: sepals
edi 9—3.5 m acuminate:
petals elliptic, "about a as long as the sepals: ]
capsule 5-7 m ong.—Dry pastures, fields, | X
and waste- paces, Coastal Plain and adj. j;
provinces, N.C. to Mass. Nat. o Eu — Sum.
. C. S L. Plants 8-40 em. tall,
pa Mud E Be the n leaves | =
obov m. long: sepals oblong- a, 4-5 mm. long, acute:
a " dliptic. s shorter hon the sepals or slightly longer: caps sule 7—9
mm. long.—Hillsides, meadows, and moist soil, various provinces, Fla. to fom
Ont., and N B also Pacif. S —BSpr.
4, C. brachypodum (Engel m.) Robinson. Plants 5-15 cm. tall, viscid- eid
i ent: blades of the upper leaves dd elliptic or linear -elliptie, 8—30
long: cymes somewhat open (or congested and with very slender peice a in
C. brachypodum compactus): se ib lanceolate, 3—4 mm. long, acute or acumi-
nate: petals spatulate or Su pee Hie fully as long as ae T Or ia
capsule 5-8 mm. long.— uc oil, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Ariz., S. D.,
and Il.—(AMez. )—Spr. -sum
5. C. longipedunculatum Muhl. Plants 8-50 e Pu mu uil -villous: blades
of the upper leaves elliptie, linear- ‘elliptic, or BM Un , 9-60 mm. long: sepals
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. es acute: E elliptic or linear-
elliptic, mee n than the sepals, wanting: capsule 9-13 mm. long.
[C. nutans Raf.]—Rich soil, moist ite id woods, various provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Calif, B. oo S.—(Mex.) — Spr.
|
502 ALSINACEAE
6. C. arvense L. Plants 9-40 em. tall, soft-pubescent: blades of the upper
leaves be lanceolate to linear, 25-30 mm. long: sepals elliptic-lanceolate,
4-5 mm. long i ng as the sepals:
kir 8-10 mm. long, less than twice the length of the mature calyx.—
STARRY-CERASTIUM.)—-Hillsides, dry stony places, and cliffs, various r ovinces,
in Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Ind., Alas., Ont., and Lab. — Spr.
7. C. velutinum Raf. Plants 15—40 em. tall, iU soft-pubescent, or
becoming glabrous in age: blades of the upper r leav mostly narrowly lanceo
late to E ie, 2.5—4 em. long, flat: sepals elliptic b. Rm -elliptie, 4.5—5.5
lo ong 0 use: petals broadly cuneate, pus hiis (o) long as the sepals: or Gale |
12-14 . long, fully twice as long & ure calyx.—Rocks n stony —
soil, in provinees, N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ark. (?), Minn. "N. Y.
; and Md.— m.
7. TISSA Adans. Annual, biennial, or perennial, diffuse herbs. Leaf-
blades narrow. Flowers in raceme-like cymes. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5,
or fewer, entire, or Hui Stamens 46
Stigmas slender.— t 20 species, widely
distributed, but viria pas in saline
regions.
1. T. marina (L.) Britton. Plants 10-20
em. tall: leaf-blades iens 10-30 mm. long:
sepals ovate to ellipt ic-ovate, 4-6 mm. long:
petals about as long as the sepals: capsule
somewhat longer than the sepals. [Spergu-
INK
C U. S,
—The i are pale-pink or whitish. — Another species, T. rubra (L.) J. & C.
Presl, native of Europe, with broad and short stipules and purplish-red or a
jah: orollas, has been found in Va. and La. and should be looked for in our
ange.
8. SPERGULA L. Annual herbs. Leaves numerous: blades thick, nar-
ow. Flowers eymose. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, larger than the sepals.
aon de or rarely 5. Stigmas very short.
Capsule longer than the calyx.— Three spe-
eies, natives of the Old World.
1 arvensis L. Plants diffuse, 8-45 cm.
tall: leaf-blades linear-filiform, 10-35 mm.
oe ng: dise elliptic to elliptic- ovate, 3.5-5
m. lon etals about as long as the o
eel giobula or glo obose-ovoid, 6—7
si Cape ii COR SPURRY. )—Pields
cns and vaste plaees, N.
a except extre N. Nat e Eu.
—Sum.—The other ‘Old World species re-
semble S. arvensis in habit. The pa = to
be expected in waste-places “and cu ted
gr rounds. In addition to minor fo lago d ete. they differ from S. arvensis
n their winged s EE The seeds of the atter species are margined. The
Shiels of all the sae are white or pinkish.
ALSINACEAE 503
9. DRYMARIA Willd. Annual or perennial diffuse herbs. Leaves oppo-
site, with small, often een decia blades broad. Flowe ers cymose, in-
ls 5, herbaceous
scarious-margined. Petals 5 or fewer, u Ns
tamens 5 or fewer. Caps orter than4
the calyx, 3- valved, —A bout a species most
abundant in tropical regions.—The poss
are mostly white
1. D. cordata (L.) Willd. Annual, the
branches diffuse or prostrate, mo stly 1-4
dm. long: leaf-blades Lm -ovate to
reniform, mostly 5-2 long, poc
abruptly pointed, dnd i ioled: eym
slender-peduncled: irn pee E
or nearly so, becoming 4—4.5 m acute or slightly vesci petals 2—
2.5 mm. long, the lobes N or Pun near: c or oval- dn
3—3.0 mm. long — E Pv and banks, pen. FI a emery of t
Am.—All year.—(W. I., , 0. A., 8S. A)
10. POLYCARPON L. Annualherbs. Leaves opposite or in 4's: blades
flat. Flowers cymose. Sepals 5, keeled. Petals 5, shorter than the sepals.
Stamens 3-5. Stigmas short. Goa often
shorter than the calyx.—Six or eight species, —
widely distributed.
P. tetraphyllum L. f. Plants 2-12 em.
tall; leaf-blades spatulate to oval, 5—15 mm.
long: sepals 1.5-2 mm. lon at m aturity,
LS m —fall—Nearly all the spe-
s of Po dic idi are natives of the Old
Wo rld. They have been widely scattered
ee the oe of ballast and cultiva- <
tio The flowers > this species have partly united and wholly united styles.
The petals are whit
11. STIPULICIDA Michx. Perennial Agee herbs. Leaf-blades di-
lated at the base of the plant, scale-like above. Flowers in terminal capitate
clusters. Sepals 5, notched or emarginate. Petals 5, p oothed near the
base. Stamens 3-5. Style short. Capsule longer than the sepals.—Only the
following species known.—Spr.—fall
Stem or branches wire-like : flowers 3-6 in a cluster : Dore Runden 1. S. setacea.
Stems or branches filiform: flowers solitary or 2-3 cluste
petals constricted at the middle. 2. S. filiformis.
1. S. setacea Michx. Rap 5—22 em. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to o S
a. 8-15 mm. long or longer: sepals elliptic to cuneate,
504 CARYOPHYLLACEAE
long, o hyaline-margined: capsule
r l mm. long.—Pinela n and sandhills, |
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
2. S.filiformis Nash. Plants iod em. tall:
leaf- ies dide about 4 . long:
sepals obov 1.5-3 mm. ica. Sod
Peur capsule scarcely
l mm.
d "e scrub, Coastal Plain,
ese to Miss.—The a start with a dense
sette of small leaves. They grow best -
the ibd sterile white sand. Plan
vary from those with a single stem to "o
with a hundred or more stems thus formed
into dense dome-like clusters.
Famity 14. CARYOPHYLLACEAE — Pink FaAmity
rbs with stems usually swollen at the nodes. Leaves opposite:
dioecious. Calyx of 4 or 5 partially united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5
distinet petals, the claws in the calyx-tube, the blades often appendaged
at the base. Androecium of usually 8 or 10 distinct ds ens. Gynoecium
a . Ova
apical valves.—T wenty genera and 600 species, widely inne
Armeria L. Stem 2-8 dm. tall,
utely eL ca ele blades of the cauline
z pu ,
He
blades often with connate bases. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or rarely
l
Calyx-tube with 5 ribs, nerved or nerveless ; styles 2. Tribe I. DIANTHEAE.
Calyx-tube with 10 or more ribs: styles 3 or more. Tribe II. LYCHNIDEAE.
I. DIANTHEAE
Petals unappendaged.
Calyx terete or nearly so, subtended by bractlets. 1. DIANTHUS.
Calyx angled, or wing-angled in fruit, not Bie late 2. VACCABIA.
Petals appendaged at the blade-base: calyx without bractlets. 3. SAPONABIA.
II. LYCHNIDEAE
Styles 3, or rarely 4. 4. SILENE.
Styles 5.
Calyx-lobes relatively small, short: petal-blades appendaged. 5. LYCHNIS.
Calyx-lobes foliaceous, elongate: petal-blades unappendaged. 6. AGROSTEMMA.
1. DIANTHUS L. Perennial or rarely annual herbs. Leaf-blades usu-
ally narrow. Flowers perfect, sessile. Calyx narrow: tube equally striate.
Petals 5: blades narrow. Ovary elongate.
Capsule narrow, sessile.—About 200 species,
natives of the World, except one extend-
a: into m America.—PINK. CARNA-
ON.—Many species are poseen among
ie pinks of the garden
long. N a
fields, and woods, various provinces, Ga.
Ia., Mich., and Me. Nat. of Eu.—Sum
CARYOPHYLLACEAE 505
2. VACCARIA Medic. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades relatively wide.
Flowers pedicelled. Calyx inflated: tube angled or winged. Petals 5: blades
broad. Capsule slightly longer than thick.— |
Three species, natives of Eu. and Asia.
a (L.) Britton. Stems
Me. Nat. o u.—Sum
This spe cies is said to have come originally
A om conti ene oe he
showy n in flow They ms pts a
long time an cn ed. gar arden annual. It is
said to be a favorite food of eattle.
, SAPONARIA L. pn or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades often broad.
Flowers pedicelle Calyx narrow: tube terete. Petals 5: blades narrow.
Ovary elongate. Coane body E or
ee short-stipitate.—About 35 species,
natives of the Old World.
1. S. officinalis L. Ste 3-9 dm. long,
often decumbent: le af blades elliptic to
SS
ex
Ane
AN
lanceolate, 8-11 cm. long: ca — m
ong; lobes triangular to lanceolate: petal-
blades cuneate, 15-18 m m ipis pink
o ite: capsule-body "12-2
(SoAPWOR BOUNCING-B - E K.)
—Waste-places, roadsides, fence-rows, and
river-banks, generally in e : at.
of Eu.—Sum.-fall.—A rapid- uad pus
cus weed. Double-flowered forms
r. The juices contain pon
4, SILENE L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades various, com-
monly narrow. Flowers mostly pedicelled. Calyx narrow or becoming inflated:
tube 10—many-nerved. Petals 5: blades often toothed at the apex or lobed.
Ovary somewhat elongate. Capsule-body much longer dus thiek.—About. 250
species of wide geographic distribution.—CAMPIONS. CATCHFLYS.
Calyx clavate, cylindric, or campanulate, definitely 10- ribbed. I. STELLATAE.
Calyx ovoid or globular. obscurely 15-20-ribbed. II. LATIFOLIAE.
I. STELLATAE
Plants perennial.
Calyx inflated.
,eaves in whorls of 4's: petals laciniately cleft; ap-
endages wanting. 1. S. stellata.
aves opposite: petals 2- ud appendages present. 2. S. alba.
Calyx merely filled by the ca
rolla white or pink.
"Bia a a the petals erose
Petal-claws much exceeding the calyx: ealyx
dor sparsely glandular-pubescent: style i
much longer than the ovary. 3. S. caroliniana.
506 CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Petal-claws about equalling the calyx: calyx
densely pubescent NE iom ndless hairs: style
about as long as the 4. S. Wherryi.
Blades of the petals fringed. Mes "Olchotonousis cleft.
p with short rigid hairs: calyx about 1 cm.
SEEMS with villous pubescence: calyx about 2.5
et
. S. ovata.
6. S. Baldwinii.
Corolla AER on crimson.
Pe Me 2-lobed.
t
S finely pubescent: upper stem-leaves with
blades several times longer than broad. 7. S. virginica.
Stems villous: upper stem-leaves with blades
usually less than twice as long as broad. 8. S. rotundifolia.
etals entire T BIB SO, sometimes merely erose. 9. S. regia.
Plants annual or bienn
Inflorescence simple. 10. S. anglica.
Inflorescence branched.
‘lowers in dichotomous racemes, 11. S. dichotoma.
lowers in dichotomous cyme
liage pubescent: stem viscid. 12. S. noctifiora.
Foliage glabrous, normally glutinous about the
nodes of the stem 13. S. antirrhina.
II. LATIF
Perennial herb usually branched at the base, ae opens more
or less nodding. 14. S. latifolia.
1. S. stellata (L.) Ait. f. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, usually minutely pubescent:
leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, 4-12 cm. long: calyx becoming 10-16 mm. long;
lobes about 4 as long as the tube: petals
aie 1.5-2 em. long; :
eapsule-body subglobose to ovoid- rbi
6-8 mm. long, reeled ae dio te— (Bran
CAMPION. WIDOW’S-FRILL. or ae
woods, various pog Ga. t to Tex. Minn.,
and Mass. —Sum
2. S. alba Muhl. Ste em 3-8 dm. tall, some-
times minutely pubescent: leaf-blades lanceo-
late to ee. or slightly broadest
e the middle, 4-1 . long yx
Vp 14—16 mm. ed zs about + i
long as the tube: petals white, 2-2.5 c
long; blades pra ard body DDR. p
ovoid, 9-11 mm. long.—(SNOWY-CAMPION.
—River shores and es jou provinees, N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to
Nebr., Minn., and Md. —Spr
3. S. caroliniana Walt. Stem 1-2.5 dm. long, closely pubescent: leaf-blades
T to linear- T on the Su par a the stem, lanceolate above,
3-1 . long: calyx e , becoming 2-2. B c . long; lobes broadly ovate:
pet "hs pink Or elio te "blades about 1.5 em. long: age: raised above the
calyx- Wie on the long claws: capsule 9-11 mm. long. [s. pennsylvanica
Muhl.]—(WILD-PINK. — ROCE- ut mt aded T and rocky woods,
various provinces, Ga. to Ky. and M
4. S. Wherryi Small. Plant similar to S. olimiana in pdt p foliage:
calyx densely pubescent with whitish gee i petals white to rose-pink,
the blades less notehed than in those of the next SM um ous little, if at
all raised above the e alyx-lobes.—Rocky slopes and stream banks, Interior Low
Plateaus and ud. provinces, Ala. to Mo. and S Ohio.—Spr.
S. a Pur Ste 2 dm. tall, minutely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate
to ate ee or alliptic: lanceolate, 4-15 em. long: calyx becoming 8—10
CARYOPHYLLACEAE 507
mm. long; lobes deltoid to 2 pue petals white; blades 1-1.5 e
long: capsule-body n arrowly ovoid, 8-9 long. —Woods, Blue Ridge End
a provinces, Ga. to “Ala. ud. N. G.; aa Ozark Plateau, Ark.—Sum
S. Bal i Nutt. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, Mrs: wed preis spatulate to
dude Or Tanceolate, 8—9 em. long: s pre ing 2.5 em. long; lobes lanceo-
late: petals white or pink; blades 2-2.5 em. long, fiabellate : capsule. -body oval,
: oi ng.—Woods, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Fla. to Ga.—Spr.
S. virginica L. Stem 2-5 vd tall, mm elammy-pubescent: E
URN to ‘elliptic or lanceolate, 5-20 em. long: calyx becoming 2-2.5 c
ong; lobes ovate to deltoid- ovate’ petals crimson, blades linear ud narrowly
nid Ere em. elm apsule-body narrowly o obovoi 10-15 mm. long.—
(FIRE-PINK.)— Open woods and gravelly or sandy hi illsides, various poteram
N of mien) Plain, Ga. to Ark., Minn., Ont., N. Y., and N. J. —Spr.—fall.
8. S. rotundifolia Nutt. Stem 2-7 am. t tall, m -villous: leaf-blades eni
late to oval or ovate, 5—20 cm. long: calyx beco ing 2.5-3 em. long; lobes
lanceolate: petals bright sie hades elliptic, 1-1.5 em wi ong: capsu on Hes
—22 mm. long.—Rocky banks, re eal Plateau and occasionally adj.
provinces, Ga. to Ala. and Ohio.—Sum
9. S. regia Sims. Stems 6—15 dm. tall, viscid-pubescent: see blades pesos
be
to ovate, or narrower at the base of the stem, 4—8 ong: calyx becoming
2—2.5 em. long; lobes ovate: petals scarlet; blades 1.5-2 em. long sapsule-body
15-20 mm. long.—Dry or dus ae various provinces, N of astal Plain,
Ga. to Okla., Mo., and Ohio
10. S. ae ca L Stems 2—4 dm. tall, villous: leaf-blades o 7 a
9 € ca
l s than 1 m long:
white um Or ani with a pink or white border in S. anglica a.
—6 mm. long: capsule 8—9.5 mm. long. rid plaees, various provinees, S. C.
to Ont. and Me.; also Pacific as Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-su
S. dichotoma Ehrh. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-blades
sie to lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long: calyx- n wing-ridged, bride
over 1 em. long: petal-blades white or pink, 6-8 m . long: eapsule 10—11
Sig —Fields and waste- tie locally in the U. S. Nat. of uim p
S. tiflora L. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, closely pubescent: leaf-blades spatu-
m to olliptie Or buco p em. long: calyx-tube P gis ulti-
mately 12-15 mm. long: petal- -blades 9-11 mm. long, white or nearly so: capsule
15-20 mm. long.—(NIGHT-FLOWERING CATCHFLY.)—Roads e fields, Bio waste-
plaees, various E Fla. to Mo., Man., and N. B. Nat. of —Sum
13. S. antirrhina L. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, with Sage patches near pu nodes:
leaf-blades linear to linear-elliptie, or the low elliptie, 2-8 em. long:
ealyx-tube 5.5-7.5 mm. long, ultimately ovoid or pico Em ‘in S. anti wrhina
linaria): petals white or pink; blades cu s to linear, 6-8 mm. long: eapsule
6-8 mm. long, not stipitate.—( SLXEPY-C TCHFLY (gre ae and
plaees, eult. Lc and roadsides, various pecie Fla. to Tex., B. C., Ont.,
and Me.—(Mez.)—Sum
14. S. latifolia (Mi) Britton & Rendle. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, glaucous and
usually glabrous: leaf-blades various, E on the lower part of the stem,
laneeolate to ovate- ae er above: calyx becoming much inflated, finely re-
ticulate between the inconspicuous ribs: petal- medo white or pink, about 1
em. long, 2-lobed: renis ovoid, 5-7 mm. long.—(BLADDER-CAMPION. Cow-
BELLS. RATTLE-BAGS. )—Fields, roadsides, meadows, woods, and waste-places,
various provinces, Tenn. to Mo., Ia., Ont., and N. B.; also Pacific Coast. Nat
Sum.
508 CARYOPHYLLACEAE
5. LYCHNIS [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs similar to Silene
in habit. Flowers pedicelled and mostly erect. Calyx becoming more or less
: i :
inflated, 10-nerved. Petals blades entire, r
cleft, or laciniate, generally appendage À
va e l longat S
natives of the temperate and Arctic zones.—
CAMPIONS
l. L. alba Mill. Plants 1 m. tall or I
the stem usually branched throughout
SCR
pubescent: leaf- B pe to o
oval, or lanceola 3-8 em. long: calyx be-
ae 14-21 mm. long; Jebes Pad to
ate, i-i as ju as the tube: petals Mire J
or “rarely pink; blades reniform i broadly ND
e: capsule conic-ovoid, epee ag M LUN ) —Road-
sides Re fields, N. C. to Ont. por N. S. Nat. of Eu.—Sum
6. AGROSTEMMA L. Annual coarse herbs. Leaf-blades very narrow.
Flowers long- inte l0 iier] swollen: tube 10-ribbed. Petals 5:
ades
Ovary about
as thick as long. LA. lightly dienes
— Two species, natives of Eurasia
l. A. Githago L. Ste dm. tall,
appressed-pubesoent leaf- blades d. 4—12
long: ealyx becoming 5-6 em. long; ;
Er , acuminate, longer than the
copiously pubescent tube: petals 3
s cuneate to obovate, purple or
agenta: capsule 18-22 mm. ips m ORN-
COCKLE. ORN-ROSE. ORN-CAMPION.) —
MP
Grain-fields and fence-rows, reel ut
out eult, N. A. Nat. of Eu.—Sum
ORDER RANALES — Ranat ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves mostly without stipules, with entire
or dissected blades, in aquaties often various on the same plant. Flowers
perfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Calyx and corolla of distinct sepals
and petals. The corolla is sometimes wanting. Androecium of usually
more hypogynous stamens than there are sepals. Gynoecium of 1 or sev-
eral distinct or united carpels. Ovary superior. Fruit various.
Stamens usually numerous, the anther-sacs opening by slits.
and plants, except in CERATOPHYLLACEAE and some RANUNCULACEAE: leaf-blades
Flowers. pecan or monoecious, if dioecious, on neither vines nor herbs with
Simple leaves.
Plant with minute axillary monoecious
flowers : anthers horned. Fam. 1. CERATOPHELLACEAE.
Carpels 1 or more, distinct, at least at
maturity.
CERATOPHYLLACEAE 509
Sepals 3-15: petals about as many:
plants if shrubby not with pulpy
fruit: endosperm even. Fam. 2. RANUNCULACEAE,
Sepals 3 (or 4): petals 6: fruit
pulpy: endosperm channe Fam. 3. ANNONACEAE.
Carpels more or less coherent or united
into cone-like structures, or im-
mersed in the pulpy receptacle. o
Sepals valvate. Fam.
3. ANNONACZAE.
Sepals imbricate d. Fam. 4. MAGNOLIACEAE.
Flowers aineciou us: vines with simple leaves. Fam. 5. MENISPERMACEAE.
Water plants: emersed or floating leaves with
peltate blades.
Carpels several and distinct.
Carpels not in a fleshy receptacle: sepals
and petals 3 or 4 each: stamens 3-1
Carpels immersed in a fleshy receptacle: l
a ms petals numerous: amens Fam. 6. CABOMBACEAE.
inde Fam. 7. NELUMBONACEAE.
Carpe els aed ‘into a compound pistil. Fam. 8. NYMPHAEACEAE,
Stamens few and definite, “the DE NACE spenmé
by hinged valves, except in Podophyllum
Herbs: E es with simple or ternate blades . Fam. 9. PODOPHYLLACEAE.
Shrubs : Ea with pinnately or digitately com-
pound, sometimes 1-foliolate blades Fam. 10. BERBERIDACEAE.
Famity 1. CERATOPHYLLACEAE — Hornwort FAMILY
Annual aquatie herbs. Leaves whorled: blades cleft or finely dis-
sected. Flowers monoecious. Calyx o 12 narrow toothed or cleft
sepals. Corolla wanting. Androecium of 10-24 stamens with short fila-
ments. Gynoecium 1-carpellary: stigma subul it an achene,
sometimes spine-arme in cod by the following genus only.
1. CERATOPHYLLUM L. Submerged plants with sessile leaf-blades, the
divisions mostly thrice forked. Flowers sessile in the leaf-axils.—Followin ng are
the only known species.—Sum. or all year ibang e MOSSES. COON-
TAILS. FISH-BLANKETS. BORN WEDE. HORNWORTS.
Leaves 6-9 in a Mou segments BDin tote ds achenes
with a spine on either side of the base. 1. C. demersum.
Leaves 9-12 in a whorl; segments bristly-toothed : achenes
fringed with spines. 2. C. echinatum.
Achene unarmed, short- beaked. 3. C. submersum.
1. C. demersum L. Stem 3-12 dm. long: leaves rather rigid; blades 1-2 times
forking: Bim elliptie to Reim pe erose: stamens slightly exserted: style
igma exs achene-body ovoid,
low
various provinces, Fla. to La., Calif, and
S Can.—(W. I., Mez., O. W.)
eng, margined.— ow streams and ponds,
various provinces, Fla. to Calif. and S Can.
b Stem long:
leaves flaccid: "blades 3—4 times forking, the
i epus bristly toothed: ee -body ellip-
oid, 4 mm. long, pi ineless, sparingly warty.—
Ponis, S. in Fla.— (0. W.)
510 RANUNCULACEAE
Famy 2. RANUNCULACEAE — Crowroor FAMILY
Herbs or woody vines. Leaves alternate (opposite in pep A
blades simple or compound. Calyx of 3-5 imbricate (valvate in Clema-
easionally E Androecium of several of many pn uis mda
Gynoecium of 1 to many usually distinct carpels.
follicle or baeeate.—About 35 genera and 1,100 species, widely distributed.
Fruit a Medos e or a berr
with a pair Fra ovules : d 1-seeded or 2-seeded.
flowers paniculate: corolla present:
fruit follicles. Tribe I. XANTHORRHIZEAE.
Herb: ee solitary: corolla wanting: fruit
ber Tribe II. HYDRASTEAE.
Carpel with more than 2 ovules: fruit several-
seeded. Tribe III. HELLEBOBEAE.
Fruit an achene: carpel with a single ovule.
Sepals imbricate: leaves, below the inflorescence,
literale; sometimes all basa Tribe IV. ANEMONEAE.
Sepals valvate, the edges sometimes turned in:
leaves opposite. Tribe V. CLEMATIDEAE.
XANTHORRHIZEAE
I
Shrub with pinnate leaf-blades. 1. XANTHORRHIZA.
2 II. HYDRASTEAE
Herb with simple lobed. leaf-blades. 2. HYDRASTIS.
I HELLEBOREAE
Flowers regula
Leaf-blades ‘palmate or pedately veined or lobed.
etals wanting. 3. CALTHA.
Petals present. 4. HELLEBORUS.
Leaf-blades ternately compound.
Petals Dno os or wanting.
Fruit dry follicle
Low herbs: owes solitary or few
Carpels, and follicles, stalked : “petals present. 5. CoPris.
Carpe and follicles, not stalked : petals
vi we in 6. :
Tall herbs: flowers many in elongate racemes. T. CIMICIFUGA.
berry-like, 8. ACTAEA.
Pe tals E elon ccd backward into hollow spurs. 9. AQUILEGIA.
. Flowers irregular
Upper sepal Dolon nged into a spur: upper pair of petals
sessile or nearly so, long-spurred. 10. DELPHINIUM.
Upper sepal hooded: upper pair of petals long-clawed,
wholly concealed in the sepal-hood. 11. ACONITUM.
Involuere close to ne calyx ; bracts ee 12, HEPATICA.
Involuere remote from the calyx: bracts toothed to dis-
Style subulate : leaf-segments sessile. 13. ANEMONE.
yle wanting: leaf-segments stalke d. 14. SYNDESMON.
Flowers dot subtended by involucres: sepals rarely petal-like.
Lea n Eu simple, entire, toothed, lobed, or dissected.
purred : receptacle greatly elonga ate. 15. MYOSURUS.
Sepals spurless: receptacle not greatly elongate.
Petals wanting. 16. TRAUTVETTERIA.
Petals present.
Petal- pb o with a nectariferous gland or pit at
Achene transversely wrinkled : petals white. 17. BATRACHIUM.
A n transversely wrinkled: petals
yello t least witho ut. 18. RANUNCULUS.
Peta bl Sues. onc gland or pit at the base. 19. ADONIS.
Leaf-blades ternately decompound : petals wanting. 20. THALICTRUM.
V. CLEMATIDEAE
Petals wanting.
Stamens spreading: sepals spreading.
Sepals with scarce d any border: flowers dioecious or
“polygamo-dioeciou 21. CLEMATIS.
RANUNCULACEAE 511
S with a wide border: flowers perfect. 22. VITICELLA.
Stamens pum sepals more or less converging. 23. VIORNA.
Petals present (in our species), smaller than the sepals. 24. ATRAGENE.
1. XANTHORRHIZA L’Her. Weak shrubs. Leaf-blades 1—2-pinnate.
Flowers ae Sepals 5, brownish-purple, deciduous. Petals 5, gland-
ike. mens 5 or 10: filaments stout.
Carpels oe sessile, 2-ovuled, in fruit form-
ing a whorl of follicles—One species.
1. X. id ms Marsh. Eb t 2-6 dm.
tall, diffuse: leaves approximate: leaflets
mo stly 5, us blades ovate Pa elliptic, 2.5-
.5 em. long, incised-toothed or divided:
sepals M to ovate -lanceolate, brownish-
OW-RO B HER. )
Woods, a banks, od ledges, various
provinees, M Fla. and N. Y.—
Spr.—The roots B du D. yellow.
2. HYDRASTIS Ellis. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades palmately lobed.
Flowers solitary. Sepals 3, fugacious. Petals wanting. Filaments slender,
white. Carpels several, 2-ovuled, in fruit
forming a head of berries.—T'wo species, the
following and one in Japan.
l. H. canadensis Plant pubescent,
mostly 2—4 dm. cu blade of the cauline
leaf becoming 8-24 em. wide: bract leaf-
like, flower white: ais ovate: frait- head
4—16 m j
ROOT. INDIAN-DYE. )—Ri eh woods and shaded
banks, cis provinces N of Coastal Plain,
and Vt.—Spr.—The
to Kan Minn.,
rootstock j is usad i in ne ine
9. CALTHA [Rupp.] L. - Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed.
Flowers owe or solitary. Sepals few, yellow, pink, or white, deciduous. Petals
ormin
ter of leathery green follieles.—About 15
species, widely distributed
C. palustris L. piace glabrous, 2-6 dm
a ‘bla des of the cauline leaves similar to
those of the bas - bur cw reniform fo
orbicular-renifor 9 wide: sepals
Ses. oblong fe oval- ons dios 1.5-2 cm.
long: follicles 10-12 mm. lon aoe ic s
MARIGOLD. COWSLIP. BULL’S KIN
UP. )— wamps and low meadows, often eal-
eareous, va S provinees, S only in Blue
careous, wae provinces, S. C. to Sask., Ont.,
and Newf.— (Eur sia.) —S
512 RANUNCULACEAE
4, HELLEBORUS L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades palmately lobed or
divided. Flowers few or solitary. Sepals 5, white, greenish, or yellowish,
mainly persistent. Petals small. Filaments
follicles play ee 15 species, Eurasian.
viridis L. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: blades
of the Pepe leaves 1—3 gments
1 sharply serrate; sepals elliptie, about
sal als ular, a ;
TAA follicles about 15 mm ong.—( CHRIST-
ISTMAS-ROSE. GREEN-
HELLEBORE. te-places, cult. E
o N.
TE
and fields, various provinces, N. C.
Nat. of Eu.—Wint.-spr.
lowers ee pals 5-7, deciduous. Petals 5-7, cucullate. Stamens
numerous: jit slender. Carpels few,
stipitate, several-ovuled, in fruit forming a
cluster of apically beaked follieles.—A bout
nine species, natives of the cooler parts of
the north temperate zone.
1. C. trifolia (L.) Salisb. Plant 7-15 em.
tall: leaves persistent; divisions 3, obovate-
à | T ar
d bo
provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, only in
Blue Ridge and Appalachian provinces, N. C. to B. C., Alas., C Can. and Newf.
—(Eurasia.)—Delights to form mats on decaying logs —Bpr
6. ISOPYRUM L. Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades rd
decompound. Flowers few or solitary. Sepals 5-9, petal- -like. Petals 5,
tam
ing
natives of the north temperate zone
1. I. biternatum (Raf) T. & G. Plant
1-3.5 dm. tall: leaflets 1-2.5 em. long, dose
or divide d; fiower white dun elliptie or
somewhat obov ate, 9—12 . long: follieles
4—6 mm. long, ous edes FALSE RUE-
ANEMONE.) — Woods and bluffs, various
provinces, west of Appalachians W Fla. to
Ont.—Spr.
OPTIS Salisb. Perennial seapose herbs. Leaf-blades 3-foliate.
Tex., Minn., and S
RANUNCULACEAE 513
7. CIMICIFUGA L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades decompound. Flowers
numerous, in long racemes, white. Sepals 2-5, Rear te: Petals 1-8, clawed,
notched at the apex. Stamens numerous: filaments nai Carpels few or
solitary, many-ovuled, becoming dry follicles. S eut Dens natives of
. North America and Eurasia.—BuGBANES.—Some de are used in medicine.
Carpels 1 or 2, sessile: der wholly as Po m 2 row
Filaments about 4 m m. long: follicles 8-10 mm. long: cesis
chaffy. 1. C. rubifolia.
Filaments about 8 mm. long: follicles 5-7 mm. long: seeds
mo
2. C. racemosa.
Carpels 3 or 8, stalked :: seeds in 1 row. 3. C. americana
1. C. rubifolia Kearney. Plant 6-14 dm. tall: terminal leaflets 5—7-lobed,
10-30 cm. aod follieles glabrous, the beak spre iind —Wooded bluffs along
Tennessee River, Appalachian "Valley E
Tenn.—Fall.
2. C. racemosa (L.) Nutt. Plant ein
dm. tall: terminal leaflets 3-lobed, 4-16 c
wide: follicles ms and often acd im
the beak
cent, be rved.—(BLACK-COHOSH.
BLAOK-SNAKEKOOT, Code FAIRY-
CAND E-TOP STAR- E.) —
S. TT
Woods, various provinces rarely Coastal
Plain, Ga. to Mo., Wisc, S Ont, and W
Me.—Early sum.
3. C. americana e Plant 10-20 dm
tall: terminal leaflets 6-15 cm. wide: fol-
licles glabrous, the bodies 10-12 mm. lon ng.
C. cordifolia Pursh.].— (SUMMER-COHOS MOUNTAIN-BUGBANE.) — Woods,
Blue Ridge and Appalachian MEER Ga. p Tenn. and N. Y.—Late s
8. ACTAEA L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades ternately compound.
Flowers rather many, in short racemes, white. Sepals 3—5, deciduous. Petals
4—10, clawed, not notched. Stamens numerous: filamen E filiform. Carpel soli-
tary, many-ovuled, becoming a baccate follicle—About 6 species, natives of
the north temperate zone.—Spr.—BANEBERRIES
Pedicels slender, less than 1 mm. thick: fruits red. 1. A. rubra.
Pedicels stout, over 1 mm. thick: fruits white. 2. A. alba.
1. A. rubra (Ait.) Willd. Plant 3-8 dm. tall: terminal leaflets mostly as
wide as long and deeply 3-lobed, eid to i at the base: follicles de-
cidedly elongate: seed about mm.
A. spicata rub — pe
POISONBERRY AKEBERRY. RED-BANE-
ERRY.)— Woods, various provinces, rarely
eget Plain, N. C. to Tenn., Colo., Alb.,
Ont., N. S.
(L.) Mill. Plant 4—11 dm. tall:
ecd Tenet ined oS oa wide and
oiu d ed, roun at the
bas : Follicles mc pn as thick as long,
on spreading dr red pedicels: seed about
4 S-EYES. ECKLACE-
MEER m edm RRY. WHITEB pur
Rocky woods, various provinces, N Fla.
La., B. C., Ont., Ga., and Que
33
514 RANUNCULACEAE
9. AQUILEGIA [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades ternately
compound, the segments broad. Flowers inverted on nodding pedicels, of many
different colors, but ours scarlet and yellow. Sepals 5, equal, petal-like.
Petals 5, cornucopia-like. Stamens numerous, the inner ones staminodia.
Carpels 5, sessile, many-ovuled, in fruit forming a capsule-like erect head of
follieles.—A bout 50 species, widely distributed in the north temperate zone.—
—CoLUMBINES.—Several species are widely cultivated.
Sepals ovate, sometimes broadly YU mostly less than 14 mm. long: Spurs ba 5c
long: follicles with spreading .l. A. iene.
Sepals lanceolate or elliptic- “lanceolate mostly more than 15 mm.
long: follicles with e ti
Sepals "elliptic lanceolate: follicle-body fully 2 c pone 2. A. coccinea.
Sepals lanceolate: follicle-body about 1.5 cm. lon 3. A. australis.
A. canadensis L. ae i 2-6 dm. re leaflets or their divisions ee
aa als ovate, scarlet w , 10-14 m ong: spurs scarlet without, 2.5-3 e
long, swollen at the hus Follicle. body mon
1.5-2 em. long.—(RED-BELLS. OCK-BELLS.
.) — Woods
banks, often in calcareous soil, various
provinces, Ga. to Tex., Ont., and N. S.
2. E coccinea Small. Plant usually larger
than in A. er nsis: leaflets or their di-
visions EA er and often diris at the base:
iid aa ae 3 mm. long:
urs ve t: follicle- body 2-2.5 cem.
long. — Rillsides, woods, and cliffs, various
NA N a ~ stal Plain, Ala. to Tex.,
Nebr., and S
3. A. australis Small. Plant 3-9 e
paler-green or more glaucous than in
late, 16-18 mm. long: spurs sle Rd “follicle: -body 1
blufts, in caleareous soil, Gulf Coastal Plain, Fla. to "Tex.
oo m sepals lanceo-
long.—Cliffs and
10. DELPHINIUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial erect herbs. Leaf-
blades palmately lobed or dissected, the segments narrow. Flowers spreading,
ub o purple, or nearly white. Sepals 5, the posterior one spurred. Petals
or 4, the 2 posterior ones pas Filaments dilated below. Carpels few
or solitary, sessile, many-ovuled, becoming dry follicles—-About 125 species,
natives of the north temperate zone.—LARKSPUR.—Several species are favorite
garden flowers. Albinos occur in some species. .
Plant annual: ales 1: petals 2, united.
Follicle pubescent 1. D. Ajacis.
i ous. 2. D. Consolida.
Plant perennial: carpels 3: eae 4, distinct.
Follicles erect: raceme elongated.
af-segments narrow, the ultimate divisions linear or
narrowly oblon
Seeds To wing-margined, slightly rugose-
squamellat 3. D. carolinianum.
Seeds not w wien argined, strongly squamellate. 4. D. vimineum.
eafsegments relatively broad, the ultimate divisions
S A exaltatum.
Le
lan
Follicles. idee spreading: raceme short.
RANUNCULACEAE 515
. D. Ajacis L. Plant 1 m. tall or less, branched: leaf-blades with short and
diverging segments: sepals blue, ile subo rbieular to reniform or va ovate
blades: eee petals 10-12 mm. long, ex-
eluding the spur: follicle-body Ez) 2
long, pubescent, stout-tipped. — (Ro
LARKSPUR. )— Fields Har BL "plates, poen
ous provinees, S. C. , Mont., and
N. S. Nat. of Eu. Sum
2. D. Consolida L. Plant 3-9 dm
toothe segments: sepals with
blades: folliele-body 7—10 mm. long, slen
tipped.— (FIELD-LARKSPUR. KNIGHT’S-SPUR.
and pur vus places, various pr
inces, E U. S. Nat. of Eu.—5um.
3. D. carolinianum bias ciu - Ko e minutely pubescent above; seg-
mo
f the upper na
other sepals: uide ‘body 14318. mm. lon pes [D. azureum Miehx.]—Sand-
hills, open woods, and rocky soil, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and
um.
4. D. vimineum D. Don. Plant 5-7 dm. tall, elosely pubescent above: seg-
ments of the upper leaves narrow: spur mostly stout, shorter than the uc
sepals: follicle-body 13-16 mm. long.—Dry soil, Coastal Plain, and adjoining
provinces, Ala. to Tex.—spr.
D. exaltatum Ait. Plant 5-20 dm. tall, minutely pubescent above: le
divisions cuneate to lanceolate, thin: flowers 16-22 mm. long: follicle- had
8—10 mm.
long: seeds wingless.—( TALL-LARKSPUR.)— —Woods and rocky soil,
various provinces, chiefly W of ‘Blue Ridge, a to Nebr., Minn., and Pa.
Sum.—Has been mistaken for D. urceolatum Jac
D. tricorne Michx. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, minutely pubescent above: leaf-
divisions linear or nearly so, thick: flowers 25 -35 mm. long: follicle-body 12—17
mm. Jong or dla shorter: seeds winged.—(DWARF-LARKSPUR. ROCK-LARK-
STAGGERWEED.)— Woods, thickets, and rocky slopes, often in calcareous
soil, various ee N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ark., Minn., and Pa.—Spr.
11. ACONITUM L. Perennial reclining or procumbent herbs. Leaf-
blades palmately lobed or divided. Flowers somewhat nodding. Sepals 5,
the posterior one hooded or helmet-like. Petals 2-5, the 2 posterior ones con-
cealed in the helmet. Filaments dilated below. Carpels 3-5, many-ovuled,
becoming follieles.—About 70 species, mostly in the higher parts of the north
temperate zone.—MONKSHOODS. WOLFSBANES. ACONITES.
Flowers blue or purplish: hood helmet-shaped. 1. A. uncinatum.
Flowers white or yellowish: hood elongate-conic. 2. A. reclinatum.
A. uncinatum L. Stem guru or reclining, 6-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades
thick, the larger ones 8-10 em. wide, the divisions mostly few-toothed: follicle
14-16 mm. long.— (C v -MONKSHOOD. WILD-MONKSHOOD.)—Woods, vari-
516 RANUNCULACEAE
ous provinces, N of near pem Ga. to
Ala., Wis., and Pa.— fal
2. A. reclinatum A. Gray. Stem trailing,
5-25 dm. tall, leaf-blades thin, the larger
ones 15-20 em. wide, the divisions mostly
many-toothed: follicle 8-11 mm. long.—
(AMERICAN-WOLFSBAN TRAI AILING- WOLFS-
BANE.)— Woods, Blue Ridge and Hr
em provinee s, Ga. t to Va.—Sum.—The wolfs-
in the roots. e first- Gie d n pular name
was derived Eao the use of the plant in
poisoning wolves; the second name from the
shape of the upper sepal.
12. HEPATICA [Rupp.] Hil. Perennial seapose tufted herbs. Leaf-
blades 3-lobed, persistent. Flowers solitary on each scape, n by a
alyx-like involucre. Sepals several, wid ike. Petals wanting. chene-
cluster seated in the involucre—About 4 species, natives of ps north tem-
perate sie a MOM URNA psa
Lobes of the leaf-blades and bracts of the involueres obtuse. 1. H. Hepatica.
Lobes of the leaf-blades and bracts of the involucres acute. 2. H. acuta.
H. Hepatica (L.) Karst. Leaf-blades becoming 6—8 em. wide, the middle
e ens noe. bac ts ae ok involuere ovate to elliptie, obtuse: sepals
blue, purple or white, or sometimes quite
k, 7-12 mm. long: ache puce ovoid-
ellipsoid or ee S ardor 3 mm. long.—
[Anemone Hepatica L.]—(BLUE-ANEMONE.
SQUIRREL -CUPS.) —Rocky a and Ec
various provinces, N Fla. Mo. Man
and N. S.
H. acuta pium bs Leaf-blades
eed 10—1 the middle lobe
typically eed yis white to bluish-
ple: aehene-body about 4 mm. long.—
[Anemone acutiloba E ae
F
careous e Blue Ridge a more N pro-
vinces, Ga. to Mo., Minn., and Que
13. ANEMONE [Tourn.] L. Perennial scapose herbs with rootstocks.
Leaf-blades lobed, divided, or dissected, not persistent. Flowers subtended
by a foliaceous involucre. Sepals 4-20, petal-like. Petals wanting. Fila-
ments filiform. Achene-cluster Jong- peduneled Mri 85 species, widely dis-
‘tributed in temperate and arctic regions.—A NEMONES. WIND-FLOWERS.
Achene densely long-woolly: fruit-head cottony at maturity.
Rootstock tuberous: scape simple, 1-flowered. I. DECAPETALAE.
Ro oc elongate: scape mostly branched, several-
flow II. VIRGINIANAE.
Achene finely ‘or obscurely pubescent: fruit-head not cottony. III. QUINQUEFOLIAE.
I PETALA
Involucre mostly above the middle of de scape: «dus of the
achenes not projecting beyond the wool. 1. A. decapetala.
RANUNCULACEAE 517
Involucre mostly below the middle A Ape scape: tips of the
achenes projecting beyond the wo 2. A. caroliniana.
II. VIRGINIANAE
Sepals greenish: head of dux mostly over 1 cm. thick :
achene with a spreading styl 3. A. virginiana,
Sepals clear white: head of fruit mostly less than 1 cm. . .
thick: achene with an appressed or ascending style. 4. A. riparia.
III. QUINQUEFOLIAE
uere of the involucral bracts lobed or incised, mem-
brano 5. A. quinquefolia.
Divisions of the involucral bracts merely toothed, leathery
at maturity. 6. A. lancifolia.
1. A. RAUM b Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-segments ovate to obovate
or cuneate, 1-2 cm. long: bracts of the involucre very different from the
: als :
of fruit cylindric, 2-3.5 em. long: achene
ch prairies, ravines, and
buried in wool.—Ri
hillsides, various MEE Ala. to Tex. and
Ark.—( Me
A. caroliniana Walt. Plant 1-2.5 dm
G We wil
= it
ANS
to those of the b sepal oid, 1, De
long: Je ith a de ing tip. L Dr ry
rich or pr) soil, various e Fla. to
Tex., S. D., Wis., and N. C.
a L. Plant 5-10 dm. tall:
Ptr blades. 3- piae the pog ber
lobed, incised and toothed: bracts of the involucre similar to the leaves: sepals
greenish, mostly 8-13 mm. long, concave: head of fruit ellipsoid.—( THIMBLE-
WEED. ) pe thickets, and woods, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Alb.,
and N. S.—Sum
4. A. riparia Fernald. Plant 3-9 dm. tall: leaf- n - -parted, ae Hee
due less sharply incised n oothed than in A. braets of the
nvoluere vid to eed Nds S: Ee mostly "20-30 1 mm. Men a ead o
fruit cylindrie.— ( MOUNTAIN-THIMBLEWEED. IND-WAIF.)—Banks, often eal-
yp stony soil, Blue "Ridge and more northern bre. N. 6. o Tenn.,
Alb d Que.—
A. quinquefolia L. Plant 1-2.5 dm. tall: leaf- ioni, mainly lobed or
par arted: braets of the rr deis e p the lea sepals white, usually:
pe on the under side, m . long: "head of fruit globular, 1
n diameter or less: puse Ee ss ‘than 4 mm. long, about 1.5 mm.
vide QNremrcars. SNOWBOYS. 00D-ANEMONE.)—Moist woods and tuick-
ets, various provinces, in Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Ala., Ont., and N. S.—
Spr.—Has been. pd with .4. nemorosa L. of Europe.
6. A. Tug ve nis Plant 1—4 dm. tall: leaf- na merely toothed: sepals
mainly 2-2.5 em. long: achene slightly over 4 mm —(MOUNTAIN-ANEMONE. )
Woods MORI m in Pi. soil, Blue Ridge, extending e adjoining provinces, Ga. to
Pa. — (Eu. )—Spr. —Has been confused with A. trifolia L
14. SYNDESMON Hoffmg. Perennial scapose herbs with tuberous roots.
Leaf-blades 2-3-ternate. Flowers in an umbellate cluster, the involucre foli-
518 RANUNCULACEAE
aceous. Sepals 5-10, petal-like. Petals
wanting. Filaments clavate: Achene-cluster
peduncled.—One spec
1. S. thalictroides (L.) Hoffmg. Plant
1-2.5 dm. tall: leaflets 1-2.5 cm. long, mostly
i i A -
m. long: achene 4—6 mm. long, o
times longer, ribbed. pues thalie.
a Spa xu S dali" ANEMONE. WILD-
Wan. FLO ns Rod st woods and
thickets various provinces, N Fla. to Ark.,
Kans., Ont., and N. H$ r.-sum.—Plants
duh w ae ee aves and pink flowers. The
kn E roots resemble miniature dahlia
. MYOSURUS L. Annual diminutive acaulescent herbs. Leaf-blades
narrow, entire. Flower solitary. Sepals 5, or 6 or 7, separated at the base.
Petals 5, or 6 o e ee cook ith a
pit at the summit, or w ens 5—
t
25: filaments filiform. Carpels many, on a
greatly elongating pcne ele. Achenes firm,
imbrie ate.—About species, widely dis-
M. minimus L. Plant 2.5—15 em. tall:
leaves 5—10 em. long; bla des narrowly eae
flowers yellow: sepal- -blades p spatu-
late: spike of achenes often 2Z— . long.—
(MOUSE-TAIL.) —Moist alluvial or poe m
o N. M., Sask.
Soil, various de Fla. ] ask.,
Ont., and Va. rn so on the "Pacific coast.—
(E u. aera -=s
| 16. TRAUTVETTERIA F. & M. Perennial large caulescent herbs. Leaf-
blades broad, palmately lobed. Flowers corymbose-paniculate. Sepals 3-5,
tals v
c antin Stamens many
filaments clavate. Carpels numerous, on a
short receptacle. Achenes inflated.—One or
two species, North American and Asiatic.
1. T. carolinensis (Walt.) Vail. Plant 4—15
dm. tall: leaf- a E piede M of
the lower leave nly 1 , the
lobes sharply toothed or enda d
white: sepals 4-5 mm. long: ae rey 4.5—5
mm. lon
| . [T pcc Eur & Mey.]—
(FALSE-BUGBANE. TASSEL-RUE. Ed ae
shaded stream-banks, ous prov
Coastal Plain only on Tis r-bluffs toward the
> x Fla. to Mo. p us SI.
in which the ribs uis e are branched, thus making a vein
mei p usual plane PR ir s achene, have been described as T. nervata.
RANUNCULACEAE 519
17. BATRACHIUM S. F. Gray. Perennial aquatic or ditch herbs. Leaf-
es yao compressed, trans-
verse-wrinkled, often nearly or quite besten “Spr — ( WATER-CROWFOOTS.
ROGWEEDS.)—About 20 species, of wide geographic eee
Leaf-segments a mm. long, firm: blades scarcely collapsing when withdrawn
1. B. trichophyllum.
from the wate
long, flaccid: blades collapsing
Leaf-segments 15 -90 mm.
when 2. B. flaccidum.
withdrawn from the water.
1. B. ia pac ig ar i sons osch. Leaves
firm, 3-5 em. long, t enis d mostly 10—
15 mm. long; MCN shore and broad, pubes-
cent: petals 5-8 mm. long: head of achenes
4—5 mm. in diameter. Ese eta aquatilis
trichophyllus A. Gra ay|—WnB WATER-
CROWFOOT.)—Ponds, springs, and spring-
dec various x ox N. C. to Calif. and
S Can.—(Mez., O. W.) |
e
more slender PUE and very lon m slender
segments.—Streams, various ne N. C.
to Calif. Wash., S ‘Can n. and Mass.—(Mez.,
0. W.
18. RANUNCULUS [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades
entire, lobed, or divided. Flowers solitary or variously disposed. Sepals mostly
, deciduous. Petals as many as the sepals or more, or rarely fewer, each with
api or scale at the base. Carpels several or numerous. Achenes generally
flattened, smooth, papillose, or echinate b CR da 275 species, most abundant in
temperate and cold regions.—BUTTERCUPS CROWFOOTS. Gorp-c CUPS.
Aquatic plants: submerged leaves with dissected blades; SURE leaves with lobed
blades I. MULTIFIDI.
Terrestrial or mud-inhabiting plants: leaves with entire, toothed, `
lobed, or divided blades i
Leaf-blades linear to NAT entire, crenate or denticulate. II. FLAMMULAE.
Leaf- A at least some of them, lobed or divided.
Achene turgid, marginless. III. ABORTIVI.
r less flattened, margined or variously
Rene more o
u E
ro
Achene smoo
Achene- beak distinctly hooked. . IV. RECURVATI.
V. REPENTES.
Achene-beak straight or nearly SO. —
Achene variously roughened. MEE VI. MURICATI.
I.
Lower oe with finely dissected, pia re . &-eleft
blades 1. R. delphinifolius.
II. FLAMMULAE
Annuals : achene beakies a
Head of fruit cylin drie to ellipsoid. 2. R. tener.
Hen o fruit A to ovoid.
hene papil 8. R. Lindheimeri.
p smoo
Petals mostly less than 3 mm. long. 4. R. pusillus.
Petals mostly over 3 mm. long. PT
Petals less than 6 mm. long, m mostly 5: .5. R. oblongifolius.
tals over 6 mm. long, mostly more than 5: 6. R. mississippiensis.
7. R. obtusiusculus.
Pe
Perennial : stems creeping: achene with a subulate beak.
520 RANUNCULACEAE
III. ABORTIVI
Basal leaves with all or some of the blades crenate: stem
not hollow
Style very short. i
Basal Aa with cordate blades: foliage glabrous
or ne SO. 8. R. abortivus.
Basal leave with truncate or cuneately narrowed
blades: foliage pubescent. 9. R. micranthus.
d S NE hooked nearly 4% as long as the achene-
10. R. P ue
Basal leaves with all blades lobed or divided: stem hollow. 11. R. sceleratu
IV. RECURVATI
Leaf-blades with broadly cuneate lobes. 12. R. recurvatus.
V. TES
Achene with a beak less than % as long as the body.
Petals about as long as the sepals: head of fruit ellip-
soid or cylindric. 13. R. pennsylvanicus.
Petals much longer than the sepals: head of fruit sub-
globose.
Stem spreading and creeping, stoloniferous. 14. R. repens.
Stem erect, not stoloniferous
Sepals spreading: leaf-blades digitately divided. 15. R. acris.
Se mals reflexed : leaf-blades pun divided. 16. R. bulbosus.
Pn with à bea ak over % as long as the body; beaks
ee partially deciduous.
Garpels or achenes Ai 17. R. palmatus.
Carpels or achenes nu
lant eiolonifercad S foliage glabrous or nearly so. 18. R. septentrionalis.
Plant not stoloniferous : trn copiously pubescent,
except sometimes i
Stem with silky or appressed IE Meenem 19. R. fascicularis.
Stem with spreading pubesc 20. R. hispidus.
VI. MURICATI
Achene more or less papillose; beak minute.
M eps s E em. ronda achene sparingly papillose near
1. R. parvulus.
Coroll SOB mm. broad: achene papillose all over. 22. R. parviflorus.
E id siete or spiny; beak about % as long as the
body. 23. R. muricatus.
2 R. delphinifolius Torr. Stem mostly glabrous, 1-6 dm. long: blades of the
ersed leaves smaller than those of the ree petals 5-8, 8-16 mm. long:
head of fruit au Ses to nearly glo
achene-body about 2 DEN wide- dence
below, the. be ok : ally 1 long as the e» (p )
body.—( WATER-BUTTERCUP. ) —Ponds, various S
to
provinces, rarely astal 2 N.
Kans. , Mi ch., Ont., and Mass.—Sum.
2. R. tener C. Mohr. Stem glabrous, 0.5-6
dm. t Nu blades Hg the Ad leaves ovate to
late, 1-3.5 e
ovate-lanceo m. long, those of the
upper ones much narrower: pe —3, or
arely 5, 1- lon ad of' fruit
D to ellipsoid, 1.5-2.5 mm. thick:
a ody obovoid, n long,
scar ee beaked. [R. trachyspermus Engelm
no EIL p and low woods, Coastal Plain, and adj. provinces, Ala. to
3. - Lindheimeri Engelm. Stem mostly glabrous, 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the
lower leaves ovate to elliptic, 1-3 cm. long, those of the upper leaves narrower:
Peu mostly 1-3, 1-2 mm. long: head of fruit ovoid to globose, 2-3 mm. thiek:
RANUNCULACEAE 521
achene-body obovoid, about 1 mm. long, minutely beaked.—Ponds and low
grounds, various provinces, Ala. to Calif. and Ark.—Sum
4, R. pusillus Poir. Stem glabrous, 14 dm. tall: blades of the Meis leaves
ovate to oblong, e em. lon ng those of the upper leaves ape en linear: petals
ost
1-3, 1-3 . long: head of fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. thick: ac hea Lt
ellipsoid or ellipsoid- men) p 1.5 mm. long, meet flattened.— (LESSE
SPEARWORT.)—Marshes, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo. and N
Spr.-sum
. R. oblongifolius Ell. Stem mostly pubescent below, 1-5 dm. tall: blades of
d lower leaves ovate to elliptic, 1—4 cm. long, undulate to denticulate, those
p the dpa leaves narrow, commonly Nu toothed: petals mostly 5, 3.5—5.5
ong: head of fruit 3-4 mm sa achen il obovoid, about 1m mm. long,
turgid, margined within at the (MANY WERED SPEARW WORT. eens
Coastal Plain and adj. hee "Fla. to Tex., "Mo. and Va.—Spr
R. mississippiensis Small. Stem sometimes pubescent below, 2—3 dm. tall:
blades of the lower leaves ovate, 2-6 em. long, crenate or undulate-crenate, ee
an the upper a eae more cole eae dac toothed : petals et
n 5, 7-8 m : head of fruit 3-5 m n diameter: achene-body
pare about 1. $ um long.—Alluvial soil, Coastal Plain, Miss. to Ark Besar
R. obtusiusculus Raf. Stem stout, glabrous, 3-12 dm. long: leaf blades
ae to lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, denticulate or entire: oe 5-7, 5-8 m
long: head of fruit globose or pil so, 4.5-6 mm. thick, or longer: achene
nied i cupidi about 2 m long, the subulate Sane beak hor
tal [R. ambigens 8. Wats. J— WAT -PLANTAIN SPEARWORT. jit cad
and rr c sire provinces, Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Mo., Minn., Ont.,
and Me.—Sum
8. a abortivus L. Stem 1.5-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the
lower leaves reniform to suborbicular, 2-4 em. wide, mostly crenate: petals
"s Soon 2-3 mm. long: head of fruit ellipsoid to cylindric: achene-body
fully 1.5 m mm. lon ng, y ery minutely beaked.—(KIDNEY-LEAF BUTTERCUP.)—Moist
zi and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Ark., Colo., Man., and Lab.—Spr.
E. micranthus Nutt. Stem typically more pees than in R. abortw
e blades of the lower leaves cuneate to 1-3 cm. long, iiie
erenate-lobed or parted: petals light-yellow, 2—3 A pius head of fruit ellip-
soid pi ovoid-ellipsoid: achene-body barely 1.5 mm. long, minutely shor d.
—Woods and rocky hillsides, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ark,
Colo., Sask., and Me.—Spr.
. R. allegheniensis Britton. Stem um we age abus blades of the lower
orbi
pies EE cular-reniform monly crenate-lobed:
petals 1.5-2.5 m ns ong: he y of fruit uo void: eR teu
ong, with a Prep curved —Woods, Blue Ridge and more northern prov-
inces, N. C. to Ala. and Mass E
11. R. sceleratus L. Ste em stout, 1.5-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-
blades thick, the divisions cuneate, lobed: sepals ovate to suborbicular: ‘petals
bright- yellow, ae mm. long: head of fruit cylindric to oo the ee
glabrous or sparingly pubescent: achene-body Euri 1 . long, minutely
beaked, thick-margined, the faces unev RE CELERY-LEAVED on ERCUP. DITCH-
CROWFOOT. CURSED-CROWFOOT.)—Wet places d swamps, sometimes in saline
soil, various provinces, throughout the U. S. and S Can.; also in ae - —Nat.
of Eu., whence apparently introduced into part of America.—Spr.-s
522 RANUNCULACEAE
R. recurvatus Poir. Stem slender, 1.5-7 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf-blades
thinnish, the divisions rhombic to ovate, toothed and sometimes also lobed:
p
sepals mainly lanceolate: petals pale yellow, 3-5 m fruit
globular, the receptaele hispid: achene-bod 2 mm. long, long-beaked
thin-margined, the faces granular —(BLISTERWORT. HOOKED-BUTTERCUP.)—
Rich woods and swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Kans., Man., and
pr.
13. R. pennsylvanicu f. Stem erect, 3-7 dm. tall, hispid: leaf-blades
thinnish, the segue relatively narrow, irregularly sharp-toothed: petals pale-
yellow, 24.5 m sate ng: head of fruit cylindric to ellipsoid: achene-body about
ong, prom 2r beaked.—(BRISTLY-BUTTERCUP.)—Low gr M and
river- banks, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., B. C., and N. S.—Sum.
. R. repens s L. Stem creeping, 1-8 dm. long, hirsute or glabrate: leaf-blades
TO the d broad, eoarsely toothed or lobed: e E. o
10-13 mm. long: head of fruit Hush core od 3 ong, minutely
ake
beaked, narrow- margine —(BuTTE o REEPING-BUTTEROU e ED.
HORSE” GOLD. MAT-BUT TERCUP MEGA NY-FEET.) —F'elds, roadsides, and low
grounds, various provinces, N of Coastal num N. C. to Mo., B. C, 'Ont., and
Newf. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)—Spr.-
15. R. de m 2—11 dm. tall, loosely pubescent: leaf-blades e
mostly 5 divided, e div visions broad, bd -toothed, the middle division
stalked: E nd yellow, about 1 cm. long: he ad of fruit globose: schene
body about 3 mm. long, obscurely N minutely fine-beaked.— (MEAD
BUTTERCUP. ue -BUTTERCUP.) —W oods, fields, and mess various Ee.
. C. to Mo., B. C. a. Newf. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-
16. R. bulbosus L. Stem 1.5-5 dm. tall, rather o DR leaf-
PED S the divisions pinnate, broad, blunt-to othed: petals bright-} po
. long: head of fruit globose: achene- -body about 3 mm. long,
is iur ined, minutely stout-beaked.—( MEADOWw-GOLD. TURNIP-BUTTERCUP.)
—hHRoadsides, ficlds, an a various provinces, N. C. to La., N. Y., an
Me. Nat. of Eu. —Spr
17. R. palmatus Ell. Stem 5 dm. long, sparingly appressed-pubescent or
glabrate: leaf-blades thin, the. divisions shallowly few-toothed and sometimes
A = d: petals pale-yellow, 6-10 mm. long: head of fruit globose: achenes Ls
a head, the d about 3 mm. long, the broad beak E as long. [R.
b
P.)—Low groun nds and swamps, various provinees, Ga. to Tex., "Man., a
Eu i
19. R. fascicularis Muhl. ` Stem 1-3 dm. tall, densely silky: leaf-blades thick,
those of E. lower leaves with typically cuneate- flabellate lobed or parted divi-
sions: petals 8-14 mm. long: head of € globose: scene body diee m. long,
slightly dake nea: the beak as long, slender. [Z. apricus Greene ]— (Baru.
as WFOOT. EARLY WOOD- Ead is ) Woot and ind eae provinces
Plain, Ga. Kan and Mass —Spr.—The roots of
this species p WT pim Fit the ues of the next pd and
next following species are more or less clustered, but they are long and slender.
RANUNCULACEAE 523
20. R. hispidus Michx. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, hirsute or villous-hirsute: leaf-
blades pubescent, those of the lower leaves ' generally 3-parte ae al divisions
suborbicular to cuneate, incised, lobed, or sometimes us petals 9-16 mm
long: head of fruit globose to oval: achene-body 2.5-3 mm. aoe slight ly
margined, the beak about % as long as the body. [R. septentrionalis mari-
landicus Champ. |—(BRISTLY-BUTTERCUP.)—-Woods and thickets, various prov-
inces, in Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Ark., N. D., and Ont.—Spr.
21. R. par sL. Stem erect, 1.5—4 dm. tall, strigillose or somewliat hirsute:
leaf-blades erre. those of the n leaves mostl parted, the divisions
incised or i. petals 7-11 mm. long: head of fruit chippoid or oval:
body 2-2. ong, minutely beaked, dc faces papillose.— Waste- dr pod
cially on ballast, Coastal Plain and New England Coast, Ga. to N. B. Nat.
f Sum
22. R. parviflorus L. Stem diffuse, 1-3 dm. long, seis leaf-blades finely
june those of the lower leaves mostly lobed pd othed: petals 1-2 mm.
long: head of fruit globose: achene-body about 2 m ong, papillose all over
minutely beaked.—Waste-places and fields, Coastal loi nd adj. provinees,
Fla. to Tex., Ark., and Md. Nat. of Eu. —(W . I.) —Spr.-sum.
. R. muricatus L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades often
with seattered hairs, those of the lower ones mostly 3-lobe p m o toothe
or incised: petals 5-8 mm. long: head of fruit pein e-body 4-5 mm.
long, prominently beaked, the faces spiny.—Wast la B S po eem
Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Va. Nat. of Eu.—Widely distributed. —Bpr.-
19. S L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately dis-
sected. Flower solitary, terminal. Sepals often 5, broad. Petals 5-16, larger
than the sepals. Filaments filiform. Car-
died numerous. Ac henes crowded at the
ian
1 L em 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-
blades 2-5 sae per 6-9 long:
petals orange or red, 8-12 long: head
of achenes im 1-2 long: achene
em.
ie SANT ’S-EYE. RD
EYE. ee WER. o E d
x various Da E U. to Tex.
of E i
exam
Mississippi River it — up in sun quantities. The petals usually have a
dark spot at the bas
0. THALICTRUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades ternately
decompound. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, often numerous, white
tal S
or greenish. Sepals 4-5. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, conspicuous.
Carpels commonly few. Acheneés ribbed or nerved, sometimes stipitate.—Abou
85 species, mostly in the north temperate zone.— MEADOW-RUES.—Several species
have found their way into ornamental gardening, being admired for their myriad
miniature tassels of. stamens. or the mist-like effect when ee en masse.
024 RANUNCULACEAE
Flowers perfect: filaments petal-like: carpels long-stipitate. I. CLAVATA.
Flowers dioecious or polygamous : filaments not petal-like: carpels
Short-stipitate or sessile. II. Dioica.
I. CLA
Wo curved along the upper edge, the en oe than
t tipe.
d straight along the upper side, the body shorter than
ipe
. clavatum.
"3
. mirabile.
II. DioicA
Filaments subulate or filiform
owers dioecious: leafle ts not wazy: -granular beneath.
Achenes distinctly stipitate.
Achene-body oval: anther 3-4 mm. long: sepals
of the staminate flowers 2.5-3.5 mm. long. 3. T. coriaceum.
Achene-body ellipsoid: anther 5-6 mm. long:
io of the staminate flowers 4.5-5.5 mm.
4. T. caulophylloides.
Ae Sio stipitate.
Stem pe n stamens less than 18. 5. T. debile.
Stem erect: stamens more than 6. T. dioicum.
Flowers DOE d nousc leaflets waxy- granular beneath. T. T. revolutum.
Filaments spatulate, often npn than the anthers.
Leaflets entire or nearly : flowers nearly dioecious:
achene-body 3—4 mm. onm 8. T. macrostylum.
uk civi Te flowers polygamous: achene-
Achene sessile or uos So: leaflets green beneath. 9. T. polygamum.
Achene stipitate: leaflets glaucous beneath. 10. T. perelegans.
1. T. clavatum DC. Plant 1.5-6 dm. tall: blades of the leaflets thin, 1.5-3 c
long, prominently lobed: achene scimitar-shaped, about 7 mm. long, the Nine
dud ben s us body.— (MOUNTAIN
E.)—A bout Cun.
Blue Ridge, ‘and ad. adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala.
W. Va., and Va.—Spr.-sum.
mirabile Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall:
blades of the leaflets very thin, 2-3 E long,
shallowly lobed: achene clavate, about 7 mm.
long, the stipe pns r than the Eres body.
— Sandstone bluffs, Little Mt. in the Appa-
lachian Plateau, Ala. —Spr.
3. T. coriaceum (Britton) Small. Plant 9—
16 a ae all: p ng of the leaflets thickish,
the nal 2.5-4 cm. wide: carpe el
stipifetor ee -body 3-4 mm. lon ng.—
( MAID-OF-THE- per on ~ Ridge and Appalachian provinces, N. C.
to Tenn., Ky., and Va.—Spr.—
4. T. caulophylloides ipu: Es 6—18 dm. tall: blades of the pn
thickish, the peri ones 4— wide: carpels ped a 4-6 m
lon —Open oods, Blue Ridge and Appalachian pro E d ino
Piedmont ER river valleys, Tenn. to Ky. and Md. D
5. T. debile Buckl. Plant 1-4. : dm. tall: blades of the leaflets 6—15 mm. wide,
gee rounded or subcordate at the base: style slender, fully twice as long as
the ovary: achene-body slen dor ribbed, with a long and very slender beak.—
Rich woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, “Ga. to Ark.—Spr.
6. T. dioicum L. Plant 3-6 dm. pn Arar leaves n long po blades
of the leaflets nis y terminal o 5-3 cm. wide, lobed: carpel sessile:
ox eel 3—4 a abruptly “healed, spore ribbed —( EARLY MEADOW-
PRING cod E.)—Rocky hillsi des an woods, various provinces, in
Coastal Plain only N, Ga, to Mo., Sask., and Lab. —Spr.
RANUNCULACEAE 525
T. revolutum DC. Plant 9-20 dm. Men the stem usually E blades
i pd leafiets ane: glaucous beneat h and becomin ng veiny, slightly revolute,
the terminal one 3-lobed at the x: achene-body ellipsoid, sharply ribbed
mn ae SHEE: -tipitate. [T. purpurascens (Fl SE. U. S.)—SKunk
MEADOW rm "is ods and sw mm various provinces, Fla. to Ariz., Sask.,
and N. S.—
T. macrostylum (Shuttlw.) Small & Heller. Plant 5-15 dm. tall: blades of
bs leaflets thick, predominantly entire, glaucous beneath, the terminal one 5-15
mm. wide, but usually less than 10 mm.: achene-body oval, abruptly beaked.—
Meadows, marshes, and lime-sinks, Coastal Plain, and adj. provinces, W Fla.
to Ala. and Va.—Spr.
T. polygamum Muhl. Plant 9-30 dm. tall: cauline leaves sessile; blades of
the leaflets thinnish, prominently lobed, E beneath, the terminal one mainly
1.5-4 wide: filaments filiform-clava achene-body narrowly ellipsoid,
PA beaked, n. ridged. Se DU. FENN-RUE. SUMMER
MEADOW-RUE. TALL MEADOW-RUE.)—Swamps and Jow meadows, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Ohio and Lab.—Sum
10. T. pere si ind Greene. Similar to T. polygamum in habit, the foliage bright-
green and glaucous: cauline leaves rather large; blades of the leaflets riu
decidedly Si aeons and finely pu i ent beneath, narr eri Mene to reniform
with three broad apieal mueron a ostly 1-2 wide: flam ents
Ende ae: achene-body eet ellipsoid, punto) P “both ende glabrous,
I videl stipitate, often slenderly so.—Woods, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces,
—fall.
n.—Sum
21. CLEMATIS L. Perennial — vines. Leaf-blades 3-several-
foliolate. Flowers dioecious or polygamo-dioecious, in broad paniculate cymes.
Sepals relatively small, but petaloid, ae a border, ems bred white or
ale. Petals wanting. Stamens spreading: anthers lun Carpels
several. Achenes with silky or plumose styles.—About E: EPA » very wide
distribution.— VIRGIN ’S-BOWERS. OLD-MAN'S BEARDS.
Blades of the leaflets toothed and often also lobed, membranous. l
des . ©. virginiana.
Leaves with once ternately compound bla 1
Leaves with twice ternately compound blades.
X about 2 cm. wide: stamens 6—9 mm. long. 2. a Catesbyana.
Calyx about 1 em. wide: stamens 4—6 mm. long. 8. C. micrantha.
Blades of "e leaflets entire, somewhat coriaceous. 4. C. paniculata
1l. C. virgini Plant sparingly nd or glabrate: leaves mainly
3-foliolate: ean hits, aos , 9-12 mm. long: achene-body 4-5 mm. long,
very inequilateral.—(GAN NE. )—Th ick-
ets and along s i ues inca provinces, Ga.
to La., Man., N. S.—Sum
2. C. Cate iens Pursh. Plant minutely
eee or glabrate: leaves twice ternately
scarcely inequilater — (SAT CURLS. )—
Sandy d p x Pla Fla. d La. and
Spr-
ntha Small. Plant closely fine-
mm a. ines ternat PA compound:
sepals elise linear and obovate, 2 ps mm.
long: ne-body narrowly lisso 3—3.5
mm. lo Nun gence rs bushes, a trees, Brooksville Hammock region, W
pen. Fla —Sum
026 RANUNCULACEAE
4. C. paniculata Thunb. Plant glabrous or nearly so: T a bad leaflets
2 y did -ovate, or orbieular-ovate, entire: sepals white arly so, thick-
8-15 . long: achen e-body 5-6 mm. long, slightly Ec iat db —Road-
uie thickets and iie various peace Fla. to Tenn. and N. Y. Nat. of
Japan and cult.—Sum.-fall.
29. VITICELLA Dil. Perennial vines. Leaf-blades Several foliolate,
Flowers perfect, solitary or few together. Sepals spreading, petal-like, each
with a wide border on either side of the
e long and narrow. Carpels several.
Achenes with pubescent, but pud plumose
styles.—A bout 6 species, Eurasi
1. V. Viticella E Small Plant minutely
pubescent: leaflets 2—5 cm. long, blades
in, i j S 2 : E als
ater d
euneate to cuneate-spatulat ong,
purple or blue: achene-body pe i tud
ovoid, 8-10 mm. long.—(ITALIAN-CLEMATIS.)
— Stream- banks Interior Low Plateaus,
enn. Nat. of Eu. and cult—Sum.
23. VIORNA Reichenb. Perennial herbs or vines. Leaf-blades entire
or lobed, or pinnate. Flowers solitary or few together. Sepals 4 or 5, thick,
valvate, petal-like. Petals wanting. Stamens erect: anthers long and narrow.
Achenes with long plumose, silky, or naked style-tails. [Clematis L. in part. ]—
About 20 s North Ameriean and Európean.—LEATHER-FLOWERS.
VINES.—Some of the species have been brought into ecultivation.—The flowers
are purple or e -violet, unless otherwise mentione
Vines with elongate stems and branches I. VIORNAE.
Upright penu herbs, the stems Ei pis or with short branches. II. OvATAE.
I. VIORNAE
Flower-stalk bractless.
PS with petallike dilations above, the bodies long-
ippe . V. crispa.
Sepals with mere cottony margins above, the bodies short-
tipped. 2. V. obliqua.
Flower- Stalk bracted.
Achen S wid Sily style-tips. 3. V. Pitcheri.
Achene with ae E style-tips.
Foliage ze 4. V. Gattingert.
id ud glabro nos or simply pubescent.
aflets ae and UO. reticulate.
Leaflets n as prominently reticulate above
as bene
Leaflets thin, the larger ones 12 em. long,
the bracts nearly as large.
Leaflets thick, the larger ones less than 6
cm. long, the bracts much smaller.
ueni much more prominently reticulate be-
. subreticulata.
om
4o
. reticulata.
*. V. Beadlei.
Leaflets not pentane sometimes with a few
prominent ne
Elbngate ues
Achene ovate oe elliptic.: leaflets not glau-
cous
Leaflets simple and usually entire. 8. V. flaccida.
dr at least the lower ones, ternate
r 3-lobed. 9. V. Viorna.
RANUNCULACEAE 527
Achenes suborbicular: leaflets glaucous be-
neath. 10. V. PTT HE a
Shrubby or stocky vine. 11. V. Addis
II. OVATAE
Leaf-blades reticulate, rounded or cordate at the base:
achenes with yellow plumes 12. V. ochroleuca.
Leaf eens not reticulate, mostly ance narrowed at the .
E nes with white e plum 14. V. Baldwinii.
. V. crispa (L.) Small. Stem often pubescent about the nodes: leaflets ovate
" Ru. (linear-lanceolate in V. crispa Walteri), 2.5-7 cm. long, thin
acute or acuminate: flower- naked:
.]— (BLUE-JASMINE. Curio Wan. MARSH-
CLEMATIS. CURLY-CLEMATIS.)—Swamps and
wet woods, often in acid ‘soil, Gael Plain,
Fla. to Tex. and Va.—Spr.—sum.
2. V. obliqua Small. Stem glabrous, or
sometimes pubescent about the nodes: leaflets
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, m em. long, gla-
brous: sepals with mere cottony margins
above: achene-body about 7 mm. wide.—
Woods and dice ui is Plain, Fla. to
Tex. and Ga.—Spr.-
3. V. Pitcheri (T. & G.) Britton. Stem pubescent, Med about the nodes:
leaflets ovate, 3—7 em. long, thick, reticulate, obtuse eute: flower-stalk with
ovate mostly entire bracts: sepals with mere p above: ome long-tipped :
achene-body orbicular, 6-7 mm. wide. [V. Simsi (Fl. U. 8.)]—L
grounds, various provinces, Tenn. "i Tex., Ia., and S Ind lun sum.
4. V. Gatti s Poe Stem pea pre leaflets lanceolate to
ovate-lanceolate . long, culate: flower-stalk with entire
bracts: sepal-bo o rd M mm. es bene body ovoid, 5-6 mm. wide.—River
banks, Interior Low Plateau, Tenn.—Sum
5. V. d Harbison. Stem often finely pubescent: leaflets ovate,
6—12 cm. long, thin, prominently fine-reticulate, ie ute, predominantly lobeless:
d stalk with large pes braets far above t middle: a4 ci a
—26 lon nee 5.6-6 wide.
ovoid, mm e-body igre CUR
Rocky or Band. ba nks, vario S provinces, Ala. to E Tex. and d k. ut —The
leaflets are much less c indes veined than in us related V. reticulata. The
calyx is thinly Sub scent and bright-purple.
6. V. reticulata (Walt.) Small Stem pubescent at ae about the nodes:
marta areas e, oval, ovate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, thick and very
pro tly coarse-reticulate, on both sides, mostly rounde d or mucronate at
es oe typically lobeless or lobed on one side: flower-stalk with petioled
i b m
or conic-ovoid, closely covered with gray or brown hairs: achene-body rhombie,
5-6 mm. wide. vi a Walt.]—Sandy thickets, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Tex. and S. C.—
7. V. Rr Small. Stem rice. at D am the nodes: leaflets lanceolate
to ovate and commonly lobed, 4—8 cm. long, t ish, finely retieulate in age,
e. or du inate: flower- stalk with a or nae -petiole d ius sepal-bo
16-22 mm. long: achene-body n 4.5-5.5 mm. wide.—Thickets, Appalachian
pro nce Ga. and Tenn.—Spr.—
528 RANUNCULACEAE
8. V. flaccida Small. s finely pubescent: leaflets thin, pe -ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, 2-10 long, siiis silky beneath, mostly e odis
stalk with stout- stalked [tee below the middle: sepa l-body 1 78.20 m . lo ong:
achene- ai ovate, 5.5-6.5 mm. wide.—Thickets, Interior Low Plateau, Tenn.
and Ky.—Spr.
9. V. En orna (L.) Small Stem M raro: beg the nodes: leaflets ovate to
lanceolate or suborbicular in outline, 2.5-9 em. long, entire or lobed, green and
sometimes sparingly D b eneath: eene stalk with short-stalked hs acts
near the middle: sepal-body 19-22 mm. long: achene-body ovate to elliptic, 4.5—
ide. [C. Viorna TI ui ds and thickets, as
provinces s N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala. Ohio, and Pa.—Spr. ~sum.—The
achene-plumes are usually tawny, but sometimes white ones may be found.
10. V. glaucophylla Small. Stem glabrous or near ly so: leaflets ovate to
suborbicular, 3-10 em. long, entire or lobed, E but gla dri Nur
eibi stalk with short-stalked pass about the middle: sepal-body 20—25 mm.
ong: achene e-body suborbicular or rhombic-orbicular mm. wide. acted val-
sd various provinces, Fla. to Ala. "Ey. a nd N. C.— Spr.-sum
V. Addisonii i n Small. Stem E cud leaf-blades ovate to
bee 5-10 em. lo entire or those of the lower ones lobed, glaucous
beneath: flower- eae with sessile bracts: RUD -body 18-20 mm. long, or rarely
longer: achene-body suborbicular, about 6 mm. rd —River bark Blue Ridge
and adj. provinces, N. C. to Tenn. and Va.—Spr.
12. V. ochroleuca (Ait.) Small. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate,
sometimes narrowly so, 3-12 em. long, entire or the lower ones sometimes lo
pedicels hirsute: sepal-body 19-22 mm. long: achene-body abou d mm. wide.
[C. ochroleuca Ait. E Pty Eripe cs andy soil, various prov , Ga. to N.
Y.—'The calyx is yel white.—V. ovata (Purs sh) Small, included. in Fl SE
U. S.is believed to E ay with this species.
13. V. Baldwinii (T. & G.) Small. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic
to lanceolate or linear, sometimes pinnately parted, 1. em. sepals
purple or paler, 2.5—4 em. long, Bie with a thin crisped en and a slender
eo
Hd
ithe)
t :
win T. & G.] —(PrNE-HYAOINT E .)—Pinelands and marshes, ems la.—Spr.-
fall or all year S.—An infusion taken cold is considered a valuable remedy by
the Seminoles in cases of sunstroke.
24, ATRAGENE L. Perennial vines. Leaf-blades several- foliolate.
Flowers solitary on axillary branches. e mostly 4, thin, petal-like, large,
veiny. Petals small, spatulate. Stam
numerous, erect, the outer more or less e
like; anthers oval. Carpels several. Achenes
with long plumose styles.—About 5 species,
natives of the north temperate zone.
A. americana es Stem brown, irail-
a sepals purplish-blue, 3-5
em. long: petals 8—13 . long: achene-body
de, with style-tips 3—4 cm. lo
[Clematis verticillaris DC.] — (BELL-RUE.
MOUNTAIN-CLEMATIS WER
ROCK-CLEMATIS.)—Rocky woods, Blue Ridge
and more northern provinces, N. C. to Man. and Que.—Spr.
ANNONACEAE 529
Famity 3. ANNONACEAE — CUSTARD-APPLE FAMILY
Shrubs or trees with uniform or dimorphous stems. Leaves alternate,
estipulate: ode entire, pinnately veined and often pn retie jeu-
t lowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, solitary 1
axils, paired, or in threes. Calyx of 3 a ~ epals. Corolla much
larger than the calyx, of 6, (9, or 12) petals dee um of ma
stamens: anthers blunt. Gynoe eclum of few or many carpels or Doer
of one earpel. Fruit berry-like, clustered (solitary by abortion), or ag-
gregate. Seeds arillate, with rumihate endosperm erm.—About 48 genera m
550 species, most abundant in the tropies.
Carpels few and distinet or solitary, borne on a flat or globular receptacle: petals
thin-edged, imbricate in the bud, herbaceous or coriaceous : E aa Be lene
Carpels numerous, confluent with each other and with the dicneate
recentacle: petals oo edged,. valvate in the bud, felt-like:
anther-sacs contiguou TRIBE II. ANNONEAE.
MINEAE
Receptacle hemispheric or glo obul petals relatively
broad, those of the 2 series dissimilar
Petals impressed veiny within; inner merely concave
at base; leaf-blades membranous. 1. ASIMINA.
p n impressed veiny ; inner corrugated within at
base; leaf-blades coriaceous. 2.. PITYOTHAMNUS.
Receptacle flat: petals narrow, of a linear type: those of
2 or 3 series not very dissimilar. 3. DEERINGOTHAMNUS.
II. AN
Tree or "Ru of low situations: berry eerie sealy or
muricate 4, ANNONA.
1. ASIMINA ‘an Shrubs or trees with heavy-scented foliage.
Leaves promptly deciduous: blades membranous, pinnately veined, not reticu-
late. Flowers inconspicuous, solitary in the axils of last year’s leaves. rolla
lurid- -green to dark-purple: petals much larger I the sepals, stiff, ereet and
recurved at the tip. Ovules few-several. Berri s pulpy, solitary or 2—4 to-
gether, edible.—Following are the only known species.—Spr.—PAWPAWS.
CUSTARD-APPLES.—The flowers are nearly or quite full-grown when they open.
Corolla over 3 em. wide: sepals 12-14 mm. long: seeds decidedly
flattened, 2-3 cm. long. 1. A. triloba.
E enn Lu 1.5 em. wide: sepals 5-7 mm. long: seeds
urgi -1.5 cm. long. 2. A. parviflora.
1. A. triloba (L.) Dunal. Shrub, or pain tree up to 12 m. tall: leaves nar-
. lo
rowly obovate to cuneate-obovate, 10-80 e ong, acuminate: “pedicels 10 mm
i ovate: ^T
long, glabrous or sparingly pubesc "n
ries ellipsoid to somewhat cylindrie, T. 16 e
long.— ANA. PAWPAW- APPLE.)
River banks and rieh woods, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Mich., and Ont.—
Efforts are nu being made to grow the fruit
commer
H na Rp Shrub 4
m. tall o piae leaf-blades eum elliptic-
530 ANNONACEAE
broadly ovate: outer petals ovate or aaa so, 7—10 a long, a pubes-
s oan oval or ellipsoid, aR ies 2—6 em. long.— (SMALL-FRUITED
PAW DWARF-PAWPAW.)—Pinelands, uu -woods, id pem Coastal
Plain | and adj. provinces, N pen. Yu to Miss. and N. C.
2. PITYOTHAMNUS Small. Shrubs with odorous, somewhat aroma-
tic, foliage and uniform stems. Leaves tardily deciduous or somewhat persis-
tent: blades leathery or chartaceous, retieulate-veined. Flowers conspicuous,
solitary or in pairs, before or after the leaves. Corolla white or yellowish, or
partly or wholly red-purple: petals very much larger than the sepals, more or
less drooping. Ovules few. Berries solitary or 2-7 together, more or less in-
equilateral, often uneven from the u al ual development of the seeds, edible.—
Comprising only the following species.—Spr.—PAwPAWS. Doc-APPLES.— The
flowers often inerease much in size and assume deeper colors after they open.
Flowers arising from axils : the deciduous leaves of the preceding season, Be ng
before the leaves of the season or with them as they develop. I. RETICULATAE.
Flowers terminal on olor cals stalks or leafy branchlets axillary
to the leaves of the season, thus appearing after the leaves. II. OBOVATI.
. RETICULATAE
Young leaves copiously pubescent bencati but not lanate-
tomentose: mature outer n obovate : inner petals
strongly auriculate near the 1. P. reticulatus.
Young leaves densely iat tome osa mature outer petals
oval, often broadly so, or oval-obovate: inner petals not
strongly auriculate. 2. P. incanus,
II.
Flowers borne on a short axillary Stalk which bears a scale-
ie bract at the base or near it: outer petals 6 em.
r les
Outer E "flat, mostly over 5 cm. long: inner petals
corrugated at the base: anthers over 2 nm long. 3. P. angustifolius.
Outer petals revolute, mostly less than 5 e long: inner
pet als corrugated all over: anthers pee than 2 mm
on
Inner petals narrowed at the apex, decidedly longer
than wide: perianth trimerous. 4. P. pygmaeus.
Inner petals rounded at the apex, as wide as long or
nearly so: perianth tetramerous. 5. P.tetramerus.
Flowers borne on a short leafy branchlet: outer petals 6 cm.
long or more. 6. P. obovatus.
1. P. reticulatus (Chapm.) Small. Shrub 1 m. tall or less, t
grayish or brown bark, the shoots tawny tomentulose: d “elliptic.
cuneate to c n or individually narrowly
elliptic, 2.5-9 em. long, mostly bonded at
the apex, ab mds nd at - base,
very ps Me Me Es oval ovate,
about 1 em. long, ES roel outer
et shoei CN em. long, finely E
without: inner pon 2-2.5 em. long: ber
elliptic, 2.5-9 long, r rounded at ba ud
seeds 145 em. "ion ng. [Asimina reticulata
Chapm. A. Ear ida d —Pinel ie
and scrub, pen. Fla.—A tea made from E A
flowers of this and the dee species is e E ag
by the aaa as a remedy for kidney EPIS
disorder qe
2. P. incanus (Bartr.) Small. Shrub 1.5
m. tall or less, the stems with a dark-gray bark, the shoots densely Td omen-
tulose: leaf- blades elliptic-obovate or obovate, or individually elliptic or some-
. ANNONACEAE | 531
what cuneate, mostly rounded at the apex, err narrowed at t eg bas
short-petioled: iy a 6— - Es long, tawny-tomentulose: outer pe er
obovate or oval, . long, rather uo ae without; inner petals
about 2 ¢ m, long: em mostly oval, or to AR. or obovoid, ET ng:
seeds 1-1.5 lon [ Asimina a (Michx.) A. Gray A. ee
Nash] (Phá Dnus \ Pinelands, o Plain, "NÉ Fla. to S ‘Ga.
3. P. angustifolius (A. Gray) Small. Shrub 1.5 m. tall or less, the erect or
o often o stems with brown or red bark, or gray when very old,
the twigs minutely tawny-pubescent: leaf-bla du narrowly linear, often
emot. -linear, oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, 6-10 cm. long, acute or
obtuse, glabrous id ees gradually narrowed to the rem short-petioled:
sepals ovate, 1—1.5 cm. long, glabrous or rc. so: outer lle elliptic, varying
to broadest above or ed the middle, long: r petals somewhat
rU E ae em. long: berry ellipsoid or age ellipsoid. fur em. long:
eeds 1-2 ong. [Asimina angustifolia A. Gray|—Pinelands, woods, and
fas id Plain, N pen. Fla. to SE Ala. and S Ga.
4. P. pygmaeus (Bartr.) Small. Shrub with arching ascending or decum-
bent stems 2-6 dm. long, pire idis together from the top of the root, the
bark red or reddish, the twigs wny-pubescent : er scenes dc oblan-
; o
to reniform, 6-7 mm. lo
when young: petals 6, the outer "ei pair but more or less revolute
and crisped boss the middle, 2—4 em. long or rarely longer, white tinted with
purple to dark-maroon; inn R Des obovate to "Jan eeolate, 1.5-2.5
ong, sometimes aeuminate, dark-purple: berry inequilaterally ellipsoid or
ellipsoid ‘obovoid, 4—7 em. long: seeds mostly less than 1.5 em. long. [Asimina
a (Bartr.) A. Gray A. secundiflora Shuttlw. 1-— Pinelands, E Fla. and
5. P. tetramerus Small. Shrub 1-3 m. tall, with irregularly placed, often
middle, 1.5-2.5 em. long, w xd abov e, reddish- eae e bel ow; inner PRO
bie or rhombie-ovate, 9—11 mm. lon e eddis h-purple, obtuse, Ubro at the
ae pes ellipsoid or cylindric- ellipsoid, mostly 5-9 em. lon ng: seeds mostly
ver 1.5 em —Scrub, near estuary of the St. Lucie River, Fla.
6. P. obovatus (Willd.) Small. Shrub 3 m. ew or less, with erect branch-
ing stems, sometimes tree-like, the bark dark-gray or gray-brown, the twigs red-
or brown-tomentulose: leaf- blades pre due Sau or euneate-obovate,
4—10 em. long, rounded or notche the apex, with the veins and veinlets red-
tomentulose bn abruptly narrowed at the base, o etioled: sepals
ovate, oval, or clipe, 10-16 mm. long, thinly pubescent when young: outer
petals obovate or oval, 6-11 cm. sine ; inner petals elliptic to obovate, often
2 pan une Bi 3-6 em. long: berry oval, obovate, or oval-ellipsoid, mostly
6—12 em. long: seeds 1.5-2 cm. long. [Asimina obovata (Willd.) Nash]—
(FLAG. pU )—Pinelands and scrub, pen. Fla.
3. DEERINGOTHAMNUS Small. Shrubs with aromatic foliage and
imorphous stems, i.e., foliaceous and floriferous. Leaves persistent on the
slender stems which are longer than the flower stems: blades firm-membranous.
Flowers very fragrant, on stout stems clustered on the top of a long tap-root,
032 ANNONACEAE
solitary or two or three together in the axils of broad foliaceous bracts. Sepals
2 to 4, broad. Corolla white or ochroleucous: petals 6-12, narrow, coriaceous,
often curled backward. Ovules 6-8. Berry solitary or 2 or 3 together.—Fol-
lowing are the only known species.—Spr
Corolla white or pinkish; petals of a linear type, the longer on more than four
times the length of the sepals: pedicels over 1 cm. long. . D. pulchellus.
Corolla yellow ; petals of a lanceolate type, the longer ones less
four times the length of the sepals: pedicels less than 7
1 em. long. 2. D. Rugelit.
1. D. pulchellus Small. Root t fusiform, 3-6 dm. long: stems 3 dm. or
less, those bearing flowers stouter than the leafy ones, all early glabrous: eee
bright- Ben: blades cuneate to spatulate,
3-11 long, Ub us OT dod hae E
uu orm reticulate above, glab at
maturity "n RU persistent scatte e ioc:
hairs on midrib beneath: oe of ps
quid eR, pus Bb. ova val,
elliptic, sessile or nearly so: ae oe
1-2.5 em. long: sepals coriaceous, triangular
to lanceolate, 4-8 mm. long, acute, glabrous
or obscurely pubescent: petals linear, vary-
ing to broadest above the middle or below it,
stricted betw n the s eeds, 2-4.5 em. long:
gr very buy dd Or fattened on one side.—Low pinelands, SW
. Fla.
a D. Rugelii (Robinson) bc Plant similar in habit to that of D. pulchel-
, but more ore T red-tomentose, at least when young:
o 2-6 dm. "ll: = deep-green; blades spatulate, cuneate, or obovate:
bracts of the flowering stem fo o. elliptic or nearly so, 2. 5-4 c m. long,
rounded at the T reticulate, abru ptly c to & short pedo pedi-
cels spreading or rec p m eading, less than 1 em. long: sepals broadly ovate
to deltoid, Bb ee copiously pubescent at least ies young: petals lanceolate,
or sometim mes elliptic: lanceolate, 12 mm. long, very fleshy, obtuse, minute
pubesce ee stamens 2.5—3 mm. lo ong or less: ma obovoid to cylin indric- obovoid,
often curved and Cos between the , 2-6 em. long: seeds subglobose
to oval, sb turgid. [Asimina Rugelii nu c NE pen. Fla.
4. ANNONA L. Trees with pungent-aromatie foliage. Leaves per-
sistent: blades thick-membranous or coriaceous, pinnately veined or rd
Flowers perfect, solitary or clustered. Sepals usually broad. Corolla white or
yellow, conic to globose-conic: petals 6, very broad, the outer converging to the
apex, completely enclosing the smaller inner ones. Ovule solitary in each car-
pel. Fruit an aggregate of the receptacle and the fleshy mature carpels.—
About 60 species, mostly in tropical America.—PAWPAWS. CUSTARD-APPLES.
Petals very broad, often wider than long: fruit not tuberculate. 1. A. glabra.
Petals narrow: fruit strongly tuberculate. 2. A. squamosa.
a L. Tree 14 tall or less T stout buttressed trunks: leaf-
blades elliptic, oval, or elliptic. -ovate, 9-18 em. long, acute or short- AERES,
MAGNOLIACEAE 533
short-petioled: flowers drooping, short-pedi-
on d: sepals reniform, appr ressed : n.
imson blo
3.5
berry ovoid, inequilateral, 5-12 cm. long,
yellow blotehe d with ee coarsely reticu-
late: seeds 9-20 mm. long. [4. laurifolia
Dunal.] — (Pon ND-APPLE. CUSTARD-APPLE.
ds, an
E
e
> °
H
o
d
O >
a)
= §
tH
V
rd
"T.
o
B
Qt
or
and s mall fruits has sometimes been con-
sidered us tinet species, under the name
A. palus
2. A. sa L. D 2 glabrous or nearly glabrous E leaf- eye
mainly ‘elliptic, en elliptie-lanceolate, mos tly 10-15 em. long, r
slender petioled: sepals EDS adly deltoid, about 2 mm. long, MSIE outer icu
narrowly elliptic tc linear-lanceolate, 24-28 mm. long: pud bs to globose-
—10 em. long, tuberculate, yellowish green.— a APPLE. WEET-
E | Ham ocks, Florida Keys. Nat. of trop. Am.—(f ^L. )—Grown exten-
iy in the pisc Us for its edible E
Faminy 4A. MAGNOLIACEAE — MAGNOLIA FAMILY
Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves, alternate, sometimes apparently
whorled: blades entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers perfect or monoe-
cious. Calyx ‘of 3 petaloid sepals or rarely more. Corolla of 5 imbri-
Leaves not lobed, sometimes merely auricled at the base: mature carpels dehiscent or.
berr pe
Carpels whorl: petals ny. 1. ILLICIUM.
capan imbrieated in severa al series : sed about 5.
Twining shrubs with monoecious flowers: stamens 5, united
i or disk: fruit a spike of berries, 2. SCHIZANDRA.
Erect shrubs or trees with pe fect u
deciduous: follicle Parade d. 3. TULIPASTRUM.
Corolla white: styles or stigmas de persistent: fol-
licle tipped by the style or stigm 4. MAGNOLIA.
Leaves 4-lobed : mature carpels samara-like, P indelisceut 5. LIRIODENDRON.
1. ILLICIUM L. Aromatic shrubs or trees. Leaves evergreen: blades
entire, exstipulate. Flowers perfect, more or less nodding. Sepals 3-6. Petals
any, in 3-several series, the inner the narrower. Stamens numerous: filaments
nearly linear: anther-sacs contiguous. Carpels in 1 series. Seed solitary.—
Seven species, the following and 5 in Asia.—Spr.—ANISE-TREES. STAR-ANISES.
Corolla 2 em. broad: petals 6-12: leaf-blades obtuse. 1. I. parviflorum.
Corolla 2.5-3 em. broad: petals 20-30: leaf-blades acuminate. 2. I. floridanum.
arviflorum Michx. Shrub 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, 6-10 c
long, sepals less than 10 mm. ie petals ovate or suborbicular, about as ious
534 MAGNOLIACEAE
as oe sepals, — iis about 2 cm. wide.
oods and swamps,
Cosstal Pain m a a
num Ellis. Shrub 2-3 m.
lcs blades “elliptic, 6-15 em. long, i
scen pals over 10 m |] g: petal
linear or nearly so, 15-20 mm. long, dark
d mm. wide — (PURPLE-
ANISE. STINK-BUSH. ram
hammocks, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La. and
N Ala.—The flowers have the odor of de-
eaying fish.
2. SCHIZANDRA Michx. Vines. Leaves -
deciduous: blades sometimes toothed. Flo
ers monoecious, i ng. Sepals 5 or 6. Des 5 or 6, each thickened at the
base. Stamen : filaments dilated, united into a disk: anther-sacs separated.
2.—Six
Carpels l ee
species, iis fallosi ing M 5 others Asiatic.
ea Michx. Woody vine: leaf-
in “thiekish, oval, elliptic or ovate, 5-15
em. long, slender -petioled: sepals oval to
ovate, 3-6 mm. long: petals obovate-cuneate,
mostly pret Lee of ae 4—7 em. long,
ee b cu E —(W
PAY E) — — Rich
woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. ue Da. and S. C.—
Spr.-
3. TULIPASTRUM Spach. Tree
Leaves deciduo blades entire. Flow l
perfect, Ta pro or yellow, me "Proit a torulose cone.—The follow-
ing are the only known species.—Spr.—CUCUMBER-TREES.
Leaf-blades more or less acuminate: corolla greenish. 1. T. acuminatum.
Leaf-blades obtuse or abruptly po vind corolla canary-yellow. 9. T. cordatum.
-
1. T. acuminatum (L.) Small Tree becoming EA m. tall: leaf-blades elliptie
to bee or rarely obovate, 1.5—3 ng, m or pem acuminate, usually
membranous: sepals mostly lanceolate or
elliptic: y^ 7 o to oblanceolate, 5-7
em. long, greenish yellowi sh-green, (or
vum): it-
LINN. YELLOW-LINN. )—Rieh i various
provinees, S Ga. to Ark. and Ont
T. cordatum (Miehx.) Small. Shrub or
small tree: leaf-blades oval or orbicular-oval,
to broadly pies a d te, 1-1.5 dm. long,
ons sepals ovate: petals obovate, 4—5
m. long, light- a : fruit. -cone 2-5 em. si
W with d | [Magnolia Cia Mic x.]
oods, Piedmont and Blue Ridge, "Ga.
0 N. M la.
MAGNOLIACEAE 535
. MAGNOLIA IL. Shrubs or trees. Leaves deciduous or persistent,
sometimes very large, scattered or in umbrella-like clusters; blades entire, some-
times aurieled at the base. Flowers perfect, erect, white. Sepals and petals
about equal in size, more or less coriaceous. Frui echinate cone of usually
colored earpels.—About 25 species, North tes and Asiatic—Bays.—The
trees are ornamental both in flower and in fruit. The fruits are very conspicuous
when the scarlet seeds dangle from the follicles on invisible threads.
Leaves persistent; blades coriaceous, gradually or abruptly nee at the base:
flower-buds silky : petals short and broad. . GRANDIFLORAE.
Leaves deciduous ; Sees a pape cordate, auriculate, or
acute at the base: flower-buds tomentose or glabrous:
: S.
"fruit con green, often pale beneath: buds Pope
So URBE branches umbrella-clustered. II. UMBRELLAE.
Leaf blades glaucous beneath: buds tomentose: fruit-cone
subglobular, oval or ovoid: leaves of the flowering
branches not mbes CIusLere d. III. MACROPHYLLAE.
I. GRANDIFLORAE
Leaf-blades thick-coriaceous: corolla 1-1.5 dm. long: fruit-cone
8-12 cm. long, the carpels numerous. 1. M. grandiflora.
Leaf-blades thin-coriaceous: corolla 3-5 em. long: fruit-cone 3-5 *
long, the carpels few. 2. M. virginiana.
II. UMBRELLAE
Leaf-blades acute at the base. 3. M. tripetala.
Leaf-blades auricled at the bas
Leaf-blades elongate- bovis to obovate- AE gradually
pointed at the apex: stamens 9-12 mm. lon ng. 4. M. Fraseri.
E rhombic-obovate, abruptly Bu. stamens 4-6 mm. : f
lon 5. M. pyramidata.
III. rdc. AE
Leaves very large, cordate or subcordate at the base, very glau-
eous beneath: fruit-cone SSODEIOBOSG or eund: ric-ovoid.
“on mostly = 3 dm. wide: fruit-cone subglobose: seed
1-14 mm. lon 6. M. macrophylla.
Corolla BE $4 dm. wide: fruit-cone cylindric-ovoid : seed
9-10 m 7. M. Ashei.
M. grandiflora L. Tree, when large with a trunk-diameter of over 2 m
a dark bark: leaf- blades elliptic, oval, broadly di eu. or ey ovate,
E E lon ng rown- or rusty- -tomen n
beneath: flowers very conspicuous, lem
a petals creamy-white; blades sub
orbicular to orbicular-obovate, 5-1
wide: fruit-cone oval; carpe els een ve
seeds 1.5-2 em. long. [M. foetida (L.)
oe re TEE OC ws
ULL-BAY.
MAGNOL SOUTHERN-MAGNOLIA.) — Ham-
mocks, bluffs, sand- ars and sandy bottoms,
Coastal Plain, C i o Tex., Ar N.
C.—Spr.- —Cult. for ornament as far
N as Washington, D. C.
2. M. virginiana L.. Shrub or le at most \
with a trunk-diameter of 1 and pale
bark: leaf- e d Or bea D
e —15 ong, laucous an
or He sky Pb flowers rather ineonspieuous, but very fragran
ore
p ka white; blades elliptic, oval or obovato mostly 2-3 em. p druiteoe
oval or ovoid; i a glabrous: seeds 8-10 mm. long. [M. a L.]—
536 MAGNOLIACEAE
(SWEET-BAY. SWAMP-BAY. WHITE-BAY. BEAVER- sgn )—Swamps and low
b dd Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to E 'Tex., Tenn. and
—BSpr.-fall.—Of all our trees, this is one of the e consistent BE
"S adad soils. It is deciduous
3. M. tripetala L. Tre trunk-diameter of 4 dm., the
twigs glabrous: leaf- blades.. alliptic. an Pee to obov se ‘oblanceolate, 2-7
dm. long, acute, sometimes abruptly pointed, pubescent beneath at least when
young: flowers scented, but not pleasantly so: petals elliptic. x
16 em. long: fruit-cone ellipsoid, 8-12 cm. long, pink. [M. Umbrella pes
(UMBRELLA-TREE. MBRELLA-MAGNOLIA. ELK-WOOD D.)—Rich woods d ravines,
various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ark., Mo., and Pa.—This and the
four following species are called cucumber- trees.
M. TE Walt. Tree with a maximum trunk-diameter of 5 dm., the
twigs glaucous: leaf-blades elongate-obovate to obovate-spatulate, 2—4 dm . lo ong,
the hasal Mur pee directed kward: flowers pleasantly scented : petals
elliptic to peii did ate, ee 2s ong: fruit-cone ellipsoid-conic, 7—12 e
long, eep- LEA p A-TREE OUNTAIN-OREAD. ND DIAN-
SIC. )— Woods, - Blue R Ridge : and adj. ao inces, Ga. to Ala., Ky., and Va
M. bursa Pursh. Tree with a re Mm a diameter of about
2 dm e twigs green: leaf-blades rhombic-obovate, 1-2 dm. long, the basal
rds Aure owers somewhat fragrant: an Pes 5-8 cm. long:
fruit-cone ellipsoid, 6-8 mm. long, pi za OREAD. \—Woods and i stream-
banks, Coastal Plain, WwW Fla. to Miss. and G
6. M. ue Miehx. Tree with a maximum trunk-diameter of about
5 dm. twigs pubescent: leaf-blades dedu. to ee pl ria ay 3-9 dm.
em aa basal lobes broad: flowers fragrant: petals rather irregular in shape,
but broad, the outer 19-23 cm. long: 22 n ee or broadly es
6-11 mm. in di ink. REAT-LE AL
SILVER-LEAF. Big-BLOOM.)—Rich woods, various provinces, W Fla. to La.,
Ark. Ec nd N. C.—The trunk is sometimes branched near the base
Ashei Weatherby. Tree similar to M. macrophylla, but smaller and
sometimes shrubby: leaf-blades with the pubescenee of the midrib beneath sub-
appressed: petals more or less irregular in shape, -o ue dh to oval, vary-
ing to broadest above the middle or below it, the outer 12—15 em. long: fruit-
cone cylindric-ovoid, 5-11 em. long.—Sandy woods in streams, Coastal Plain,
W Fla. (and S Ga.?); also Tex.
5. LIRIODENDRON L. es. Leaves deciduous: blades lobed.
Flowers perfect, greenish-yellow. pon 3, reflexed. Petals 6, broader than
the sepals, erect. Fruit a cone of appressed
samara-like carpels—Two species, the fol-
lowing and one in China
1. L. Tulipifera L. Tree becoming 60 m
tal, the bark with flat ridges: le af-blades
6-20 cm. wide, 4-lobed, truncate or notched
at the apex: flowers ee podes
elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 4 em. long:
petals elliptic, oval, or ao ae greenish-
dern and das tinged with orange: fruit
5-7 cm. long, erect, the carpels 3-4
em Wa EEN ney DIE BEN WHITE-
E OP Rich damp
woods, various provinces, N pen. Fla. to
Ark. Mich., Ont., and Mass.—Sum —An important nae tree.
“MENISPERMACEAE 537
Faminy 5. MENISPERMACEAE — MooNSEED FAMILY
Perennial herbaceous vines. Leaves alternate: blades entire or lobed,
sometimes peltate. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, in racemose or
paniculate cymes. Calyx of 6 sepals, or fewer or more. Corolla of 4-6,
ie ae ond pn than : sepals, or wanting. pan ici of. an
ens, or mo ynoecium of 3-6 distinct carpels,
berry Tike N - About 55 ae and 150 species, ee natives of the
tropic
Corolla none: stigma radiate. 1. CALYCOCARPUM.
Corolla present: stigma entire or 3-lobed. .
Pistillate flowers with 4-8 Dons gynoecium of 3-5
carpels, the stigmas not lobed: androecium of 6-24
stamens, ne SIDES terminating ong filaments:
drupe glabro
Stam n : stigma subulate: drupe red. 2. EPIBATERIUM,
Stamens 12-24: stigma dilated: oe black. 3. MENISPERMUM.
Pistillate ‘flowers with 1 petal: gynoecium a single carpel,
the A n ur geh androecium of 2 or 4 stamens, the
an na sile on a central peltate column: dru
pubes 4. CISSAMPELOS.
i. CALYCOCARPUM Nutt. Vines with relatively large prominently
lobed leaf-blades. m 6. Filaments nearly linear. Stigma radiate. Seed
eup-like.—One specie
Ly aD oo Nutt. Stems twin-
woods and O various provinces,
eae e b. Kans., Ill, and Ky.—Spr.—The
br anches, em ie du are
dad ene elon ripe green
plum-like and ripe black fruits Dui on long
stalks from the brane
2. EPIBATERIUM Forst. Vines with e small entire or lobed
leaf-blades. Sepals 6. Petals 6, involute at the Stamens club-like.
Uo si sessile. Stigmas subulate. cod cochleate. gcc Forsk. Coccu-
C.]—About 11 species, mostly tropical
1. E. carolinum (L.) Britton. Leaf-blades
Hiis ovate to deltoid, 4-12 cm. long:
flowers white: outer sepals elliptic: drupes
zd 1-8 mm. long. ([Cocculus carolmus
ED-MOONSEED. SNAILSEED.)— Woods, Pann
and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to
Kans., and Va.—Sum.—This is a much ls
woody vine than e Pour Ain ng. eio
leaf Ie vary entir
others prominently dd The dens sister
of bright-red fruits dines ai along the
branches are very conspicu
538 MENISPERMACEAE
3. MENISPERMUM. [Tourn.] L. "Vines, with rather large entire or
shallow-lobed leaf-blades. Sepals 4-8. Petals 4-8, with involute sides. Fila-
ments clavate. Gynoecium stipitate. Stigmas flabellate. Seed COCHE eee Den
species, the following and one Asiatic.
. M. canadense L. Stems finely pubes-
e leaf-blades 5-20 em. wide, peltate
ar the base: flowers greenish-white: sep-
ve zo or oval, 1.5-2 mm. long: petals
with what flabellate paar drupes
bluish black abou diameter.—
AC aaa ee D.)—Wo Ed thickets and fence-
rows, various provinces, Ga. to Okla., Man.,
and Que.—Sum.—tThe ae po stems
and branches of this vine sprawl over rock or
climb over shrubs. The clusters of dark-blue
or blue-black fruits often resemble bunches of
rapes.
4. CISSAMPELOS L. Vines with broad entire leaf-blades which are
etimes notched at the apex. Sepals 4 in the staminate flowers, one in the
pistillate flowers. Petals 4 and united into
a cup in the staminate flowers, one in the |
pistillate flowers. Stamens 2 or 4, the an-!
thers sessile on a central peltate column
yle a
Drupe subglobose.—Several dozen species,
widely distributed, especially in ie tropics.
1. C. Pareira L. High-climbing vine: leaf-
blades sed a suborbicular varying to
j T orbicular-reni
ovate-orbicular or lar-reniform, 4—10
; ad, entire, truncate or cordate and
more or less peltate at the base, long-peti-
B. E inate flowers in mue h-br pi.
calyx un 2 mm. wide; sepal
UE Nes ate piis in Du. elusters along a long rachis, the
T and petals cuneate or obovate: drupe subglobose, 7-10 mm. in diameter
W. I., Mex , C. A.
red, pubescent.—Hammocks, ‘Everglade Keys, pen. Fla.
S. V
Faminy 6. CABOMBACEAE — WATER-SHIELD FAMILY
Aquatie o plants, n coated with transparent jelly. Leaves
d or opposite: blades the submerged ones palmately ce
those of the item leaves Mere and peltate. Flowers perfect. Calyx
former. Andro of 3-18 stamens.—T wo HERO and about 5 species,
widely distributed i in neci lakes and stream
Leaf-blades dissected ee the inconspicuous floating ones: petals
auricled: car 1. CABOMBA.
Leaf-blades all deerit Aetas entire: carpels 4-18. 2. BRASENIA.
NELUMBONACEAE 539
1. CABOMBA Aubl. Slender tender herbs. Blades of the submerged
leaves dissected. Sepals and petals about equal. Stamens mostly shorter
than the carpels: filaments subulate. Stigma
terminal. Seed rough.—Four species, na-
tives of the warmer parts of America.
C. caroliniana A. Gray. Stems green
(or purple or deep-pink re also the
ee E C. caroliniana pulcherrima SW
blades the floating
Fla.
leaves Ter -elliptie, peltate, 1.5-2 em. long:
sepals and petals obovate, white or pink-
purple, sometimes yellow at the base, 8-12
. long: mature carpels flask- -shaped, 5-7
mm. long, the beak i than the body.—
(FANWORT. bi e EN-DOCK.)
—Ponds and slow-flowing streams, Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. C.—Spr.-sum.
2. BRASENIA Schreb. Stout herbs. Leaves peltate: blades entire.
` Petals narrower than the sepals. Stamens SM longer than the earpels:
filaments filiform.—One species.—The lea
evergreen in the southern part of our range,
d the flowers are long-stalked and floating.
1. B. Schreberi Gmel tems, and other
submerged parts, mucilage- Ma dee leaf-
blades oval or elliptie, 5-12 e md sepals
—1.5
long, the beak angle ed. [B. purpurea
Michx.) Casp. B. peltata e
PLE-BONNET. PURPLE WEN-
SHIELD. WATER- TARGET. )— Ponds and “still
water, various provinces, Fla. to Tex sj
and N. S.— —(W. I., 0. W.)—Sum
Famity 7. NELUMBONACEAE — Lorus FAMILY
Aqua
a centrally nA the Ec veins radiatin
Flo
center an ing towards th gins wer solitary on the erect
scape alyx of several sepals. Corolla of many petals, larger than the
sepals. Androecium of nu us stamens: anthe TOW, to
by the prolonged connective. Gynoecium of earpels separately
immersed in an obeonie pe aga of the receptacle. Stigma umbih-
e Fruit several nut sed in the accrescent ee or hemis-
S
pherie receptacle. Represented ps the following genu
1. NELUMBO Adans. Leaves and flowers erect on the tuberous root-
stock. Leaf-blades large, elevated above the water on stout petioles, depressed
540 NYMPHAEACEAE
or cup-like at the center. Flowers erect.
Mam and petals Bigs gradually into
other. Stam erous, deciduous
see acorn-like, ee in the top of the
receptacle.—Three aaa the following
and two in the Old World—The flowers and
leaves are elevated ki the water, the lat-
ter are not evergreen.
1. N. lutea (Willd.) Pers. Leaf-blades
elevated on es petioles, or floating, orbicu-
lar, 3-6 dm. in diameter, the edges turned
upward: Peu cs 1-2 m . tall: corolla pale-
.0 dm. wide: appenda
, tael
7—10 em. wide: nuts 10-12 mm. n diameter — (Duc ACORN. LOTUS. M
CHINQUAPIN. WATER-NUT. YO - APIN, ALLIGATOR-BUTTONS. CAN-DOCK.)—
Ponds, lakes, ee cdd streams, Coastal Plain PET isolated localities in M eT
pro vinces, Fla. ebr., Minn., Ont., and Mass.—Sum.—tThe fruits were
x
used as food by the eens
Famity 8. NYMPHAEACEAE — WATER-LILY FAMILY
Aquatic plants with stout horizontal rootstocks. Leaves with erect or
floating blades. Flower terminating a long scape. Calyx o sepals.
0
ous stamens. Gynoecium of 6-36 united carpels, the stigmas radiate on
a disk. Fruit baccate.—Five genera and about 45 species, widely dis-
iibuledi in fresh water. "d as ition to emersed and floating leaves es
are sometimes submersed o
Petals small, filament-like: stamens hypogynous: ovary superior. 1. NYMPHAEA.
Peta ee de t as large as the sepals: stamens epigynous: ovary in-
fer 2. CASTALIA.
1. NYMPHAEA [Tourn.] L. Plants with erect or pea mend blades
and yellow ihe Leaf-blades not peltate, with a deep sin the bas
Sepals 5 or 6, concave, i n Petals numerous, uu MN TA bom,
with the stamens, under the ovary. Berry smooth, maturing abov pm
About 12 species, natives of the north temperate Pn SA DOCKS.
SPATTER-DOCKS. BONNETS. COW-LILIES. YELLOW POND-LILIES.
Leaf-blades more than twice as long as wide, the sinus less than one-fourth the length
of the blade. I. SAGITTIFOLIAE.
Leaf-blades less than twice as long as wide, the sinus one-
fourth to one-half the length of the blade.
Leaf blades glabrous beneat II. ADVENAE.
Leaf-blades pubescent beneath. III. ORBICULATAE.
SAGITTIFOLIAE
Leaf-blades over thrice as long as Wide, the sinus open: stigma-
rays linear 1. N. sagittifolia.
Leaf-blades a than thrice as long as wide, the sinus closed:
stigma-rays elliptic. 2. N. ulvacea.
e
II. ADV
Leaf-blades of an orbicular or ovate- Rn n nm . N. fluviatilis.
Leaf-blades markedly longer than wide.
Sepals and leaf-blades very thin: submersed leaves present. 4. N. chartacea.
NYMPHAEACEAE 541
penal and leaf-blades thick : submersed leaves wanting. .
eaf-blades ovate or oval: inner sepals ee fruits
pepe disk green or yellowish-gree 6. N. macrophylla.
Leaf-blades elliptic-ovate: inner sepals CuHentesdbovdter
fruits narrowly ovoid; disk chrome-yellow to red. 5. N. advena.
III. ORBICULATAE
Leaf-blade with a closed sinus: stamens in 9 or 10 rows: flowers
about 5 mm. in diameter: seeds about 4 mm. long. 7. N. orbiculata.
BT with an open sinus: stamens in 6 or 7 rows: flowers
b er: seeds about 6 mm. long. 8. N. bombycina.
1. N. sagittifolia Walt. Blades of the floating leaves narrowly elliptic-
2 to elliptic, s em. long, kon sinus V-shaped; petioles stoutish:
flowers spheroidal, 2.6—2 m. in diam
sepals 6, the outer elli e ic or o
2-2.6 em. long, the 3 inner suborbicular: fila!
np fully as us as ae nthers or nearly
: fruit ovoid, 3 ass - oe ay ne
the ped with line
Hs DN [Nuphar ala Posh.
prc W-LOTUS.) — Sluggish streams and
tidal Pu. Coastal Plain, S. C. and N. C.
2. N. ulvacea Miller & Standley. Blades
of the floating leaves lanceolate to ovate-
apie. 11.5-16.5 em. long, the sinus
closed ;
8,
inner broadly obovate, clawed : INR shorter than the anthers: fruit
subglobosa or ovoid-globose, 1.5-2.1 cm. long, ribbed to the base, the
disk with elliptic stigma-rays: seed 3-4 mm. long.—Slow streams, W Fla.
3. N. fluviatilis Harper. a of the floating leaves suborbicular or
ovate-orbicular, 18-25 cm. long, thin, the sinus open: flowers spheroidal,
about 2.5 em. in diameter: ps bes very thin, the 3 outer nearly elliptic,
16-18 mm. long, the 3 inner obovate, slightly E than the outer,
elawed: petals about as long as the stamens, mostly truneate: fruit (imma-
ture) ovoid; disk orbicular, the bot linear. ums “and bayous, Coastal
Plain, and adj. provinces, W Fla. to Ala. and N. C.
4. N. chartacea rad B Mes Blades of the E uada oe to
elliptic-ovate, 14-23 c ong, , the sinus closed or very narrow: flowers
spheroidal, 3—3.5 em. in ae sepals 6, thin A 3 outer elliptic, 12—20
mm. long, the 3 inner obovate, nearly or quite as long a the outer, and thinner:
petals about as long as the stamens, rounded o r truncate at the apex: fruit not
seen.—Ponds and bayous, near the Gulf, Fla. i5 Mis
5. N. advena Ait. Leaf-blades n normally borne nae the surface of
the water, mm to oval, 15-33 e ong, p ded bie: , the sinus usually
forming a right angle; petioles gd. terete: ipe 3—4 j
i 35 mm. g,
d er:
suborbicular, about as long as the outer: m elear-yellow like the inner
sepals, about 20, elliptie- ed about 8 m ng, truncate or retuse at the
apex: filaments euneate-linear, somewhat rund than pn anther, usually dull-
red except the yellow tip: fruit A ee about 5 in dia meter; disk
light-green or yellowish-green. [Nup advena R. Br. cc Mein x m
Ponds and streams, various m Ga. to Tex., Nebr., Wis., and N.
542 NYMPHAEACEAE
. N. macrophylla Small. Leaf-blades ids or floating, elliptie-ov b 28—40
em. long, glabrous, the sinus V-shaped: flowers spheroidal, 3.2—3.8 c
6 the 3 h
eter: sepals 6, uter obovate, about ng, the 3 inner broadly
cuneate-obovate; petals light doo yellow, broadly euneate, about 10 mm. long:
filaments about 15 as long as the anthers, lemon-yellow: fruit narrowly ovoid,
about 3.5 em. long; disk paces led to red.—Streams and sloughs, N E Fla.
and the peninsula.
. N. orbiculata Small. Leaf-blades floating, suborbieular, 3-5 dm. long,
glabrous above, mul Mie a sinus closed by the overlapping lobes: Pun
ers us pes Raus n diameter: mee, sepals elliptic, about
long, t n si ae pus clawed: petals linear to elliptic- obovate:
mu slightly shorter than the anthers: Ps dedi about 4
long, the stigmatic disk with erect edges: seed 4 . long.—Lakes and aud.
Coastal Plain, M Fla. and adj. Ga. |
8. N. bombycina Miller & Standley. Leaf-blades floating, broadly ovate
to orbieular- -ovate, 2-3 dm. long, glabrous above, densely silky benea th, the
sinus open: flowers spheroidal, 6-8 em. in diameter: outer sepals elliptic,
2.54.5 € ic ion ng, the inner obovate: nd pas often truncate, 6-10 mm. long:
filaments a 15 as long as the anthers: fruit ovoid to nearly cylindric, 5-6
em. long, the stigmatie disk vith c spreading ee : seed 6 mm. long.
—Ponds, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ga.
2. CASTALIA Salisb. Plants with floating leaf-blades and white,
dina blue, or yellow flowers. Leaf-blades subpeltate, cleft at the base. Sepals
adin
mostly 4, spr PR a s few to many, spreading, the outer ones as large as
the sepals, born h the stamens on the span, which encloses the
ovary. Berry poet with the persistent petal- and s re maturin =
under water.—About 40 species, of wide geographic puru tion.—WA
LILIES. WATER-NYMPHS. POND-LILIES.— The inner petals NM Cd, a
Corolla white, pinkish, blue or violet: rootstock not stoloniferous.
Corolla white or pinkish: outer stamens not appendaged at
the apex: styles subulate. I. ODORATAE.
pe blue x violet: outer stamens with the connective pro-
ced i an apical appendage: styles mere blunt pro-
ub. ran s II. ELEGANTES.
Corolla yellow : rootstock stoloniferous at the tip. III. FLAVAE,
I. ODORATAE
Need O 5 mm. long or less, when converging not
g at the tip: style- disk basin- shaped : corolla mostly
10 c wide or less: leaf-blades flat
Calyx 9- ‘11 em. wide: petaloid pm 3-3.5 em. long:
an-
A of the inner stamens 6-7 mm. long: Style. disk 17-20
wide. 1. C. odorata.
Calyx pine 6-8 em. wide: petaloid stamens 2-2.5 mm. long:
n A Er inner stamens 10-11 mm. long: style-disk
2. C. minor.
Styles donders ubet, 10 mm. long or more, when converging
meeting at the tip: style- disk funnelform : corolla =i over
15 cm. wide: leaf-blades with the edges turned up 9. C. lekophylla.
ELEGAN
Plants with slender petioles and flower-stalks, ims leaf-blades
floating, the flowers elevated above the water 4. C. elegans.
III. FLAVAE
Plant with warty rootstocks and somewhat peltate leaf-blades. 5. C. flava.
1. C. odorata (Ait. Woodv. & Wood. Roostock stout, mostly 2.5-3 cm.
thiek: leaf-blades ence 15-20 em. wide, green tinged with red or
PODOPHYLLACEAE
purple-red and obscurely Mein Leech
sepals v dd or elliptic-ov
ong: pe sually more than. 38 eipte a
slightly ee eee upward, thi ckis h: ns
pt
ro
ect
£g
Ha
un
eed globose, mostly 2.5-3 em. in diam
eter: seed about 3 mm. long. Ter
odorata Ait.]— (ALLIGATOR-BONNET. STAR-
LOTU S.)—Pon nds, lakes, slow e and
ditches, various provinces, Fla. to La., Man.,
nd N. S.
2. C. minor (Sims) DC. Rootstock slen-
der, mostly about 1.5 em. thick: leaf-blades
j j a pt in
th:
. long: ns bored less than 20, n es or Pate
thin and delic stamens usually less than 60, th id ones 2.5— ;
ong: pp most 10-15: berry dae e $ Ee somewhat depressed, mostly
lo
less than em. in diameter: seed abou long. Lakes ponds, and
ditehes, oe in acid water, Coastal Plain, Fla. to a and N. J
. lekophylla e Rootstock very stout, 4—6 cm. Sane ae blades
I dE 20-60 cm. wide, with the edges turned upwards somewhat as in
Victoria, deep- green "beneath o r tinged with purple or red, ay reticulate
Min ath with very stout v a sepals pt. -ovate 0 r broadly ded ie
long: petals 25—30, Si elliptie to linear-elliptie, thiek:
Bu 80—100, the peta taloid o aston 5 em. long: styles 20-25: Aes de.
pressed Lydi: , 9.5—4.9 em, in aa [C. reniformis a U. S.) J—
( A:PPLE-LOTU s.)—Lak es Per ponds, Cosstal Plain, Fla and Del.—
(W. L., Mex —'The West Indian specimens seem to be Bike de pre Florida.
)—
Those from Mexico may Mecum a different specie
4. C. elegans (Hook.) Greene. Rootstock stout: leaf-blades ovate to oval-
orbieular, mostly 8-20 em. wide, s -sinuate or near entire, usually dark
i
red-purple and somewhat veiny beneath: flowers usually standing 1-2.5 dm.
above the water: sepals mostly lanceolate, 4-5 em. long: petals 6—10, lanceolate
sometimes ovate-lanceolate, blue or pale-violet: stamens numerous: styles
d bs doped : 15-25: be E depressed- Ld eue a em, in di-
eeds n diameter.—( BLUE WATER-LILY.)—Ponds, pools, and
ae. Big a a. Fla., also Coastal Plain, S "Tex.— (Mer)
5. C. flava (Leitner) Greene. Rootstock warty with the persistent petiole-
bases: leaf-blades oval to suborbicular, 6—20 cm. wide, glabrous, bright-green
-6 mm.
long: see mm. in diameter. [Nymphaea flava Leitner]— (YELLOW
WATER-LILY. SUN-LOTUS. )—Lakes, ponds, and slow streams, pen.
Famity 9. PODOPHYLLACEAE — MAY-APPLE FAMILY
Perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal and scale-like:
blades simple or ternately compound. Flowers perfect, of 4 or 6 sepals.
Corolla of 6 or 9 petals resembling the sepals except in Caulophyllum.
Androecium of 6—18 stamens, the anthers opening by valves, except in
P. bout 10 genera and 30 species, d. distributed.
544 PODOPHYLLACEAE
Anthers opening lengthwis 1. PoDOPHYLLUM.
Anthers opening by valves “hinged at the top.
Leaf- oe Hur apres n sed.
Flo solitar e fruit a capsule 2. JEFFERSONIA, |
Blowers” several, Suo. stamens 6: frui t baccate. 3. DIPHYLLEIA. |
Leaf-blades ternately compound: seed naked, drupe-like, 4. CAULOPHYLLUM.
1. PODOPHYLLUM L. Glabrous herbs, with elongate rootstocks.
Leaves solitary, or 2 at the top of the oe UMS stem: blades peltate, many-
lobed. Flower solitary, nodding. Sepals 6
fugaceo Petals 6-9. Stamens 12- 18.
Berry s nodding.—About 4 species, the
followin in Asia
1. P. peltatum L. Plants 2-4 dm. Den
leaf-blades irr Nm 1-3 dm. in dia
eter, 7-9-lobed: pedicel 2-4 em. vm Pee
cially in woods, various provinces, Fla.
Tex., Minn., and Que.—Spr. The SE
is used in Medus. The fruit is edible.
JEFFERSONIA Bart. Small herbs, with short rootstocks. Leaves
cae blades 2-parted. Flower solitary, erect at the end of the scape. Sepals
4, deciduous. Petals 8. Stamens 8: anthers p
longer than the filaments. Stigma 2-lobed.
Capsule opening by a lid.—About 2 species,
the following and 1 in Asia.
1. J. diphylla (L.) Pers. Plants 1-3.5
me : S
white, 1.5-2 cm. long, mostly elliptie-
lanceolate or uri di capsule erect,
obovoid or obco —2 em. long: see
a dios . lon m m. EAF. RHEUMATIS
o7.) —Rich woods, pu in ealeareous soil,
oe P M N of Coastal Plain, Ala.
to Wis. Ont. N. Y., and Md.—Spr.
3. DIPHYLLEIA Michx. Large herbs, with stout rootstocks. Leave
mostly 1 or 2 on the flowering stem: blades laterally peltate, deeply lo p sn
Flowers eymose. Sepals 6, deciduous. Pet
als 6. Stamens 6: anthers longer than
the filaments. Stigma umbilieate. Berr
oblique, ereet.— Two species, the following
and 1 in Japan.
osa Michx. o, 4 12 e
1. D
tall: leaf- blades suborbicula dm
diameter, 2-cle E nd m E roe 6,
white, 8-10 m ong: ela sr eared 10-
s mm. in diame: aun about 5 ong.—
PIXIE-PARASO BRELLA-LEAF. 2) — ee
eed Blue Ridge, Ga. to Va.—Spr
BERBERIDACEAE 545
4 CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. Large herbs, with thick rootstocks.
Leaf high up on the flowering stem, ternately compound. Flowers in a raceme-
like cyme. Sepals 6, accompanied by 3 or
4 bractlets. Petals 6, gland-like, dilated.
Stamens 6: anthers shorter than the fila-
ments. Fruit ereet.— Two species, the fol-
lowing and one in Asia.
1. C. thalictroides (L.) Miehx. Plants
3-9 s E: all: leaflets 2-3-lobed at the ali
1 long: m. lon
4—10 panicle 4-10
pals pue or purplish, 3-6 mm. 1 ng:
petals about m. long: seed about 1 em
in diameter.—(BLUE-COHOSH E-GIN-
ENG. GREEN-VIVIAN. PAPPOOSE-ROOT.)—
Rich woods, various provinces N of Coastal
Plain, S. C. to Nebr., Minn., and N. B.—spr.
—The exserted seed. is likely to be mistaken for a drupe. The plant is
medicinal.
Famity 10. BERBERIDACEAE — BansERRY FAMILY
rubs or small trees, sometimes spiny. Leaves alternate: blades com-
pound, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 6-9 sepals
usually accompanied by bractlets. Corolla of 6-9 petals usually smaller
than the inner sepals. oe of 6 irritable stamens, the anthers
opening by valves. Gynoecium of a single earpel. Stigma orbicular.
Fruit a berry.—Two genera ad about 100 species, widely distribut ed.
i. BERBERIS L. Shrubs with lax branches. Leaves of
branches transformed into spines, those of the branchlets with oi
l
petals. Petals 6-9, with basal glands.
Berry red.—About 80 species, American and
Eurasian
B. canadensis Pursh. A shrub 3-20
1.
dm. tall: leaflets mostly 3-6 cm. long, the
blades mainly spatulate, sometimes mee
tulat y-s :
S rarely oval,
rae m. long: ealyx 8-11 m erid ?
he inner sepals 3—4 mm. long: pet el
low, mai 5—3.5 mm. long: berry scarlet,
—7 mm. long.—(BARBERR a E Y-
BARBERRY. CLIFF-BARBERRY.)—Rocky. woods
and cliffs, various d s ces x of Coastal Plain, Ga. to W. Va., also Mo.;
not in pae Spr.—The berries are edible.—5. NL T DC. A native of
üch-branched spiny shrub to 15 dm. tall with obovate or
Japan y up
pers aaa leaf-blades, numerous yellow flowers, and bright red, ellipsoid
or subglobose persistent berries, is naturalized in the mountains of N. C. |
546 PAPAVERACEAE
ORDER PAPAVERALES — PaAPAvERAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves with entire, toothed, dissected,
or compound blades. Flowers perfect. Calyx of distinct or nearly dis-
tinet sepals. Corolla of distinct or nearly distinct petals, or wanting.
Androecium of few or many hypogynous stamens. Gynoecium of 2-sev-
eral united carpels. Ovary superior. Fruit capsular or baccate.
Sepals 2, or very rarely 3 or 4: e pres sent.
Flower regular: stamens 8 or numerous : juice usually
milky or colored. Fam.1. PAPAVERACEAE.
Flower irregu : mens 6: juice usually watery. Fam.2. FUMARIACEAE.
Sepals 4-8 : endosperm wantin
Capsule 2-celled : stamens 6, tetradynamous. Fam. 3. BRASSICACEAE.
oe 1- celled : stamens when 6 not tetradynamous.
Gynoecium 2-carpellary : leaves with simp r pal-
"nadie compound blades Fam.4. CAPPARIDACEAE.
Gynoecium 3-carpellary : PETS with pinnately com-
pound blades. Fam. 5. MORINGACEAE.
FaAMxiLyY 1. PAPAVERACEAE — Poppy FAMILY
Herbs or rarely woody plants, the sap colored. Leaves alternate or
opposite: blades entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers perfect, regular.
(e
ou
Gynoecium 2-several-earpellary. Fruit a capsule or a silique.—About 23
genera and 115 species, most abundant in the north temperate zone.
wor acum petals 8-12, not crumpled in the bud: stigmas over the valves of
the capsu 1. SANGUINARIA.
saue od "hers: petals 4-6, mostly crumpled: stigmas over the
Capsule. Snlicüme to [ue base.
ule pubescen 2. STYLOPHORUM.
eue ule glabro a 3. CHELIDONIUM.
Capsule dehiscent at the top or only to the middle.
xi rown-like or disk-like: capsule opening by tooth-
like “hds u the stigma: leaf-blades
4. PAPAVER.
Bm. 4. 6-lobed : capsule 4-6-valved: leaf-blades spiny-
toothed. 5. ARGEMONE.
1. SANGUINARIA [Dill.] L. Perennial herbs with red rootstocks.
Leaves basal: blades palmately lobed. oe solitary. Sepals 2, glabrous.
etals 8-12, narrow, white. Gynoecium
carpellary, glabrous.—One species.
canadensis L. Plant 8-30 em. tall,
ine, 6-25 em :
nally over-topped by the leaves: petals
elliptic or de broader, 2-3 em. d
capsule fusiform, 3-5 em. long.— OD-
RED-PUCCOON.)—Rieh woods, various
- half-dozen
here recognized have been described. How
ever, the characters of the rootstocks, the
PAPAVERACEAE 547
and the flower used to distinguish them do not seem to be constant indices
the group
2. STYLOPHORUM Nutt. Perennial herbs, with orange-yellow roots.
Leaves cauline: blades pinnately lobed or dissected. Flowers usually few or
several. Sepals 2, pubese cent. Petals 4
Tr
dese pce Stigma erown-like, Cap-
sule Seed
species, p» following and 3 in Asi
1. S. diphyllum (Miehx.) Nutt. Plant
2-5 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades 2-pin-
segmen :
natifd, the roadened upward;
petals deep-yellow, obovate, 1-1.5 em. long
e d or oval, about 2.5 em. long
—( CELANDINE-POPP MOoCK-POPPY. 00
Y. P
POPPY. YELLOW-POPPY.)—Woods, often in
calcareous a various provinces, N of Blue
Ridge, Tenn. to Mo., Wis., and W Pa.—Spr.
3. CHELIDONIUM [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaves
cauline: blades pinnately dissected. Flowers numerous. Sepals 2. Petals 4,
broad, but longer than wide, yellow. Gynoe-
eium slender, 2-earpellary. Stigmas 2. Cap-
sule ia species.
1. C. S L. Plants 2-7 dm. tall: leaf-
blades 13 ps long, the segments ig nds
or teeth: petals Pu pi 8—13 m
eapsule slender, 3-5 em. long.—(CEL NE
ROCK-POPPY. und. WORT. )- Roads! ides
n
various provinces in N, G Ont
M at. of Eu.—Spr.—Celandine, like
hoarhound, catnep, and similar he
ep, rbs, was
brought to this country by early settlers
from Europe. Being a popular remedy
various external and internal body-disorders
it early became naturalized about dwellings over a large area. It has active
medicinal properties |
4. PAPAVER [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves sometimes
mainly basal: blades mostly pinnately lobed. Flowers few or solitary, the buds
drooping. Sepals 2, or rarely 3. Petals 4, or rarely 6, broad. Gynoecium
several-carpellary, the ovary with 4—20 septiform placentae. Stigma crown-like
disk-like. Capsule long, short, or en —About 45 species, all, except 4
or 5, natives of the Old World.—PoPP
Plant Be ele leaf-blades lobed, clasping at the base: capsule subglobose or de de-
press er
pu p s mostly hirsute: leaf-blades pinnately divided,
narrowed at the base: capsule elongate, or longer than thick. 2. P. dubium.
niferum L. Plant 3-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades 6-20 dm. long, the
lobes footed: sepals So petals ‘white to purple, 2.5-5 em. long: fila-
548 PAPAVERACEAE
ments clavate: A subglobose or de-
OP
pressed, fan 9 em. long.— (OPIUM-POPPY.
GARDEN-POPPY. )—Fie d and esta -places,
Due ded ae Fla. to La., Tenn., and S
Nat. of Eu.—Sum — The capsule pro-
faces opium e its derivatives
P. dubium L. Plant 2-7 dm. tall: leaf-
divisions entire, or spa aringly toothed or. in-
cised: sepals hirsute: petals ed 2.0—93.0
em. long: filaments filiform: eapsule 1.5-2
N
EYE HEADACHE-POPPY. ONG-POD POPPY.)—
Fields, roadsides, and waste-places, o
provinces N Coa stal Plain, 2: S to
at. of Eu .—Spr.—
4. ARGEMONE L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves cauline: blades
incised-pinnatifid. Flowers few, the buds erect. Sepals 2 or 3, hooded or
horned. Petals 4 or 6, broad. Gynoecium 4~6-carpellary, the ovary with 4-6
nerviform placentae. Stigma 4-6- lobed. icd stout.--About 10 species,
Ameriean.—PRICKLY-POPPIES. 'THORN-APPLES
Inflorescence and capsule spine- armed.
Corolla yellow : leaf-blades blotched.
1.
Corolla white: leaf-blades m. o enen or sometimes slightly so. 2.
Inflorescence and capsule spinele 3. A. I Io oE
A. mexicana.
A. alba.
A. mexicana L. Plant glaucous, 3-9 dm. tall, more or less spiny: leaves
T 25 em. long; blades runcinate-pinnatifid, blotched, spiny-toothed and com-
monly spiny along the midrib, sessile and
clasping: flowers sessile or nearly so: sepals
0
dde waste- "places and cd various Pid
inees, Fla, to Tex., Tenn., Pa., and M
Sum.—fall or roli year S
alba Lestib. Plant pale or somewhat
3 m.
glaucous, spine-armed: stems stout, 3-5 d
tall, diffuse: le -15 em. long
des pinnately lobed or pinnatifid, some-
time D along t , the rib
; ; e ine 1-1.5 mm. 1
white, 7—10 cm. broad: capsule oval or dne 2.5—4 em. ong.—(CAR wa-
POPPY.)—Roadsides, waste-places, and cult. grounds, various pu imi. Fla.
Tex., Mo., and S. C.—Spr.-sum. or all year S.
3. A. leiocarpa Greene. Plant ee those of A. mexicana, but more
glaucous, devoid of spines, except o e margins of the leaf-blades, which are
rather more copiously spinescent: ae une petals yellow, 3-4 em. long:
capeule smooth and glabrous, 3—4 cm. long—Hammocks and cult. grounds, S
pen. Fla. and the Keys.—All year.
FUMARIACEAE | 549
Famity 2. FUMARIACEAE — FUMITORY FAMILY
Herbs, s vines, the sap colorless. Leaves alternate: blades dis-
sected. Flowers perfect, irregular. Calyx of 2 scale-like (oss Corolla
of 4 petals, som ei persistent, the outer with spreading tips a
both of them saccate or spurred at the base, the inner 2 smaller, puppe
at the tip and enclosing the stigma. Androecium of 6 diadelphous sta-
mens, the middle anther of each group 2-celled, the lateral ones 1- celled.
Gynoecium 2-carpe Fruit a silique, a capsule, or a nutlet.—Five
v
ary.
genera and 170 species, natives of the feat SELBEN zone and Africa
Bon of the two outer petals spurred at the bas
Petals per HORDE united and ERE the cuales seed crest-
less: vin 1. ADLUMIA.
e Lightly united, deciduous: seed mostly crested: acaules-
2. BICUCULLA.
One of p x po petals spurred at the base
Ovules several = many: fruit an elongate capsule: seed with
erests or ari 3. CAPNOIDES.
Ovule solitary: "fruit a globose nutlet: seed crestless. 4. FUMARIA
1. ADLUMIA Raf. Biennial or perennial tender vines. Leaf-blades
with broad segments. Flowers mostly in panicle-like cymes, white or pink.
Sepals 2, toothed. Stamens 6, monadelphous
below, the 3 filaments of each group united
to near the anthers. Capsule included.—One
species
. 1. A. fungosa (Ait.) Greene. Leaf- blades
deeompound, the ultimate divisions i Rn Or
olla 15-18 m
capsule slender, 1.5-2 e g. [4 sa
Raf.]—(ALLEGHENY-VINE. CLIMBING-FUM
T AIRY-CREEPER. | MOUNTAIN-FRINGE
CLIFF-HARLEQUIN.) —Ric ds and stream
QUIN. h woo
banks, various provinces N of Coastal Plain,
N. C. ‘to Tenn., Wis., and N. B.—Sum.—fall.
2. BICUCULLA Adans. Perennial herbs, with granular or tuberous root-
stocks. Leaf-blades with narrow ped Flowers in racemes or panicles,
mostly white to deep-pink. Sepals 2, Stamens 6, somewhat diadel-
phous at the base. Capsule not include ^ poses Pd iene 16 species,
No rth American and Asiatic -—Stagger-weeds.
Inflorescence a simple raceme: corolla not deep-pink, deciduous. I. CUCULLARIAE,
Inflorescence a thyrsoid panicle: corolla, deep-pink, marcescent. II. EXIM
L CUCULLARIAE
Rootstocks bearing yellow tubers see petals with rounded
sacs: inner-petals CHODIRHO TED | cre 1. B. canadensis.
Rootstocks without tubers: eid a with spreading spurs:
inner r petals TRANNE creste 2. B. Cucullaria.
II. EXIMIA
Leaves and stem arising from stout fleshy rco 3. B. eximia.
900 FUMARIACEAE
B. oppi d Millsp. Plant 2-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades Ee
nto lin rly linear segments, p s gray on the under side: corolla
pet entree E "purplish tinged, the spur
much shorter he upper portion of
the petals: Neon ed 11-15 mm. long,
20 narrowed at both ends. [D. cana-
Moi E (SQUIRREL-CORN. TURKEY-
N.)—HRich woods, D e N of
Coastal Plain, N. C. o Mo., Minn., and N.
S.—Spr.
2. B. Cucullaria (L.) Millsp. Plant 1-3
m. tall: leaf-blades similar to those of B.
is but greenish
canadens eenish-gray o
side: corolla white or pale-pink, the spurs
bout ] as the other portion of the
petals: eapsule-body 10 long, grad-
ually narrowed at both ends. [D. Cucul-
laria DC.] — (BUTTERFLY-BANNER. PEARL-HARLEQUIN. EAR-DROPS. KITTEN-
BREECHES. Nu E S-BREECHES. LITTLE-STAGGERWEED. SOLDIER’S-CAP.
WHITE-HEARTS.)—Rich woods, et Ridge i dec provinces in the
various uda in the N, Ga. to Nebr., Min d Ont.—Spr.—After lowering
the foliage soon yellows, and the plants pee ud by mid-summer
3. B. eximia (Ker) Millsp. Plants 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades with the ulti-
mate Bod oblong or ovate: eorolla deep-pink, the outer petals with rounded
spurs at the base: eapsule-body 16-21 mm. long, long-beaked. [D. eximia DC.]
—(BLEEDING-HEART. FRINGED BLEEDING-HEART. STAGGERWEED. TURKEY-CORN.
and Appala chian provinces, Ga. to W N. Y.—Spr.- This species is much
used in rock gardens, its jos flowering season making it Vai desirable.
. 8. CAPNOIDES Adans. Annual or biennial caulescent herbs. Leaf-
blades with toothed segments. Flowers racemose, yellow, pink or white.
epals 2, usually toothed. Stamens 6, diade elphous. Ovary elongate, several-
ovüled: style persistent. Capsule often torulose. [Corydalis Vent.]—About
110 species, natives of the in ee zone 2a ue Spe, — SCRAMBLED-
WILD-FUMEROOTS. ROK Į emit a pungent
dh odor.
Corolla pink or purple, except the yellow tip: plant erect. I. SEMPERVIRENTES.
Corolla yellow : plant diffuse. . AUREA.
bd
pd
MPERVIRENTES
I. SE
a P d -green : flower with a short rounded spur: capsule
1. C. sempervirens.
II. AunEA
Corolla less than 12 mm. long.
Capsule. ascending : seed with blunt margins. |. 2, C. micranthum.
a drooping or spreading: seed with acute winged
ins. 3. C. flavulum.
Corolla pum 12 mm. long.
Hood or sae of t the outer petals with a wing-like crest. 4. C. Halei.
Hood or sac of the outer petals merely keeled. 5. C. aureum.
1. C. sempervirens (L.) Borck. Plant 3-12 dm. tall, the branches ascend-
ing: leaf-segments obovate to cuneate: corolla 14-16 mm. long, the spur
BRASSICACEAE 551
rounded, the inner petals about 15 mm.
long, the blade about 15 as long as the
claw: capsule 3-4 cm. long.—(PINK-CORY-
PALE-CORYDALIS. ROCK-FUMEROOT.
ROKE-HARLEQUIN. )—Rocky places and open
woods, often in rather acid ee a
pon »i of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Min
B. C. and N. S.
, Ont.,
C. anthum (Engelm.) Britton.
Plant 1- 3 ps tall, the branches spreading:
leaf-blades finely divided: corolla pale-
yellow, 9-10 mm. long, the smaller outer
petals with a minute crest: capsule 1-2 em.
long, s cd torulose. [C. micrantha
A. Gray] — (SLENDER- muU. ;
various jim rre Fla. to Mo., Minn., and Va.
3. C. flavulum (Raf.) Kuntze. Plant 1—5 dm. tall, s branches spreading,
vd M edad narrow, acute: corolla yellow, 10-11.5 mm. long, ae smaller ses
als P PA crested: ed 1.5-2.5 em. long, somewhat torulos
TC. flavula DC.]—-(YELLOW-FUMEROOT. YELLOW- 1 )-— Rich soil, ae
cially in rocky woods, various porte. La. to Kans., Minn., Ont., N. Pm
and Va.
4. C. Halei Small Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the branches spreading or i.
ing: leaf-blades with rather broad se gments: corolla yellow, 14-16 mm. long,
the spur somewhat m ale the tip, the smaller outer petals with a pd
crest: capsule 2—2.5 em. Dry soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. TA
5. C. aureum (Willd.) Kuntze. Plant 1.5-3 dm. tall, the branches some-
times decumbent: leaf-segments mostly elliptic: a golden-yellow, 12-14
mm. long, the spur somewhat iA slightly curved, the smaller outer petals
with a toothed crest: capsule 1-2 em. long, slender — (GOLDEN- aes OOT.) —
and banks, often in Pla eode soil, various mone N of Coastal
Plain, "Tenn. to Tex., Ariz. Alas., Ont., N. S., and W.
: MARIA [Tourn.] L. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades with small seg-
ments. Flowers racemose, white or pink. Sepals 2, scale-like. Stamens 6,
diadelphous. Ovary scarcely longer than
thick, 1-ovuled: style deciduous. Nutlet
globular.—About 40 species, natives of the '
Old World.
F. officinalis L. Stem and branches 2-10
racemes 2-1 s 2-4 mm.
long: corolla purplish or a colored, and
crimson at the tip, 6-8 long: nutlet
2-2.5 mm. in diameter, nua A at the
apex.— (HARTH-SMOKE. UMITORY. FUME-
ME-WEED. FUME-WORT. s
and roadsides, various provinces
Tex., Tenn., N. Y., and N. S. Nat. era
FAMILY 3. BRASSICACEAE — MUSTARD FAMILY
Her bs or partially woody plants, the sap watery. Leaves alternate:
blades entire, toothed, or dissected. Flowers perfect, in spikes or racemes.
552 BRASSICACEAE
Calyx of 4 m erect or appressed sepals. Corolla of 4 usually clawed
petals, or wanting. cium 6 stamens with 1 pair shorter than
the others, or rarely of 2 or 4 stamens. Gynoeci of 2 united carpels
tigma depressed or 2-lobed. Fruit capsular, elongate (silique) or short
] r
(siliele), flat, terete, or angled.—About 200 genera and 1,800 species, of
wide geographie distribution; many are cultivated, some are weeds.
Pod Ou dehiscent or indehiscent, not transversely jointed.
not stipitate.
od flattened or compressed contrary to the nar-
row partition Tribe I. LEPIDIEAE.
Pod n compressed nor flattened contrary
to e parti ion.
Pod terete or prism
Length of pod m p twice its width.
"Se ds eere plants dd with
mostly branched hair
Pods globular, the valves nerve-
less: cotyledons accumbent. Tribe II. PHYSARIEAE.
Pods pyriform, the valves 1-
nerved : cotyledons ee Tribe III. CAMELINEAE.
tu lan
simple hairs or Tla rous. - Tribe IV. COCHLEARIEAE.
0 idt
Pod pod tipped wi ith the short
st
Pod terete or nearly s
See a. n 2 rows in peck cavity. Tribe IV. COCHLEARIEAE.
See n 1 row in E cavity. Tribe | V. ERYSIMEAE.
Pod 4- Sided or 4-angle ribe WI. BARBAREAE.
markedly beaked. Tribe VII. BRASSICEAE.
Pod flattened or compressed parallel to the
broad partition. Tribe VIII. ARABIDEAE.
Pod stipitate. Tribe IX. WAREAE.
Pod transversely 2-jointed, the joints indehiscent. Tribe X. CAKILEAE.
I. LEPIDIEAE
Pods didymous, separating from the ea een as 2 plump
nutlets. 1. CARARA.
Pods flat, regularly dehiscent, many-seeded. '
Pods cuneate, wingless, 1-several-seeded. 2. BURSA.
ods Ve cular to elliptic or obovate, wing- -margined at
ast at the apex.
Seeds solitary in each cavity of the pod. 3. LEPIDIUM.
Seeds several in each cavity of the — 3a. THLASPI.
II. PH
Stellate-pubescent herbs with mostly yellow pm and in-
flated pods. 4. LESQUERELLA.
III. CAMELINEAE
Erect herbs with yellowish flowers and obovoid or pyssorm
turgid pods. 5. CAMELINA.
IV. COCHLEARIEAE
Pod less than twice as long as wide.
Corolla yellow. 6. RADICULA.
Corolla white.
Plant with a long pungent tap-root: stamens with
Short filaments and Ed id anthers appendaged at
the tip: style very s 1. ARMORACIA.
Plant with elongate Sota o cess stamens with slender
EE nts and sagittate unappendaged Bes: sty le
slender 8. NEOBECKIA.
Pod over twice as long as wide. .
Corolla yellow : leaf-blades toothed or pinnatifid. 6. RADICULA.
Corolla white: leaf-blades pinnately divided. 9. SISYMBRIUM.
V. ERYSIMEAE
Leaf-blades pinnatifid or se toothe
An a A pod ure and tapering to the apex, ap-
ra
to the
Outer sepals not Horned: corolla yellow or white. 10. ERYSIMUM.
uter sepals horned: corolla mo or purple. 11. IODANTHUS.
Anthers ellipsoid-sagittate : pod very slender but not taper-
ing to the apex, widely spreadi ine 12. NORTA.
BRASSICACEAE
ee entire or slightly toothed.
Leaf-blades cordate-clasping: corolla yellowish. 13.
Leaf-blades not clasping: corolla purple or white. 14.
VI. BARBAREAE
Corolla whit 15.
Corolla E ee
S We flat: leaf-blades pinnatifid. 16.
Seed plump: leaf-blades entire or toothed. 17.
VII. BRASSICEAE
Pod dehiscent.
Pod-beak conic, terete, the Peo dq bd
Pod terete: seeds in one row pee 18.
Pod flattened : seeds in two es we 2 ity. 19.
Pod-beak flat, 2- edged, the pod- iid FoBHVels short.
Pod- valves 3-nerved ; beak long. 20.
Pod-valves 1-nerved ; beak short. 2
Pod indehiscent: spongy between the seeds. 21.
VIII. ARABIDEAE
Pod suborbicular or ovoid. 23.
Pod E. to narrowly linear.
Val of the pod nerveless.
Se us wingless.
Seeds in 2 rows in each cav ud 24.
Seeds in 1 row in each ca
-4 leaf dibe bracts subtending
as with alternate leaves : cotyledons
Seeds winged.
ve of the pod nerved.
eaf-blades Enc or merely too d 5
Pod oval, elliptic to broadly lin 24.
Pod narrowly line pd to linsar-filiform. 28.
Leaf-blades finely dissected. . 29.
IX. WAREAE
Slender herbs with entire leaf-blades and elongate pods. 30.
X. CAK
Fleshy seaside, dune, or hammock Banc with toothed or
pinnatifid leaf- blades. 31.
Leaf-blades entire to
Corolla greenish or whitish.
Annual or biennial herbs.
Sepals 4, spreading.
1. CARARA Medic.
pinnatifid. Racemes lateral.
Petals 4, broad or narrow, without distinct claws, or abortive.
2 or 4: anthers didymous. Ovule and seed 1 in each carpel.
jd or tubereulate valves.
ributed in warm regions. —WART SSES. SWINE E
Ovary smooth : eapsule reticulate, notched.
Ovary tuberculate: capsule tuberculate-wrinkled, not notched.
CONRINGIA.
HESPERIS.
ARABIDOPSIS.
CAMPE.
CHEIRINIA.
BRAS
DIOS m
SINAPIS. :
RAPHANUS.
R
KONIGA.
DRABA.
. DENTARIA.
CARDAMINE.
21. LEAVENWORTHIA.
DRABA.
ARABIS.
SOPHIA.
WAREA.
CAKILE.
Stamens often
d with crested,
dii iiid. Poir.|—About 6 species, widely dis-
CRES
1. C. didyma.
2. C. Coronopus.
1. C. ang ba (L.) Britton. Branches ascending or i lower
3-10 em. long; blades 1—2-pinnatifid: sepals 0.6- 0.8 m
cen the sepals or shanty bu in pod didy-
m. wide, hed above and
piss Eo pinnatifiãa DC.]—Waste
VA various provinces, Fla. to ier oe
Mo., and Newf.—Nat. se Eu 1— Spr.-
2. C. Coronopus (Qa) Medie. yu bs
id
rM
eo
; : petals much
sepals: pod not didymous, 3.5-4 mm. wide,
apieulate.—Waste places, various pr ov inces,
te p? Tex, and N. B also on Paeif. coast.
Eu.—Spr.-
. long: petals cone:
554 BRASSICACEAE
. BURSA Weber. Annual erect herbs. Leaves sometimes mainly
basal: blades entire to pinnatifid. Raceme terminal. Sepals 4, spreading.
etals 4 ch longer than the sepals.
—Four species, in the Northern Hemisphere.
Some appear to be unstable and develop
mutants.
B. Bursa-pastoris d Britton. Stem
m. tall: basal leaves 3-15 em. long;
ce
E-
£u
ct
es of ste
base; Pas 10-15 mm. long: sepals
T m reas petals dd spatulate, 2 Y 3
. lon pod 5-8 ng.—
PER.
almost throughout N. A. Nat. of Eu. — Spr .fall—Plants grown from Pn
purs s at T Ala., have been bue d as B. tuscaloosae Shull.
rom plants of B. Bur ursa-pastoris in the bae T curved and rather
blunt leaf-lobes — Known only from the original statio
| .$. LEPIDIUM [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs.
Leaf-blades entire to sine Racemes yn Sepals 4, spreading.
Petals 4, longer than the sepals or wanting. s usually fewer than 6.
ame
Ovule, and seed, 1 in each earpel. Pod ER to oblong.—About 65
speeies of wide duis .—Spr.-sum.—PEPPER-GRASSES. PEPPER-CRESSES.
CHURL’S-CRESSES.
Blades of the cauline leaves sagittate-clasping : pod winged. 1. L. campestre.
Bl acen ny cauline leaves tapering at the base: pod wingless,
Cotyl Eden accumbent.
Cotyledons incumbent.
Pod wingless and marginless : plant strong-scented. 3. L.ruderale.
Pod be ee or Margined at the apex: plant not strong-
ent
2. L. virginicum.
4. L. densiflorum.
id. pep dala Eve. R. Br. Plan dm. tall, softly fine-pubescent
blades of the lower leaves spatulate b EM those of the upper ice
sagittate, oo shallo wly toothed: pedi-
0 mm. p ov
long, Et Shoe the base, minutely pubes-
nt. —(COW-CRESS. dem D-CRESS.)— Was
D. rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to Kans
Ont and N. B.; also on Pacif. coast.
2. x virginicum L. Annual or biennial,
more or less puberulent: ed zr 9 dm. ta 1
ceo ,t
incised, the terminal one much longer than
. BRASSICACEAE 555
the others: stem-leaves narrow, erect or ascending; blades sharply pad or
incised: pedicels finally spreading, 3-4 mm. long: sepals elliptic, about 1 m
o b i
g
suborbicular, d mm. 2 , margined above, notched at the apex.—( FIELD-
R —Wa
ESS. POOR-MAN'S PEPP YELLOW-SEED.)—W aste pn fields, and ed
2 various | provinces s Fla. to Tex. Minn, and Que —(F. T3 d
W.)—Spr.-fall
3. ruderale Annual, bu cR uode] scented: stem mostly 1-3 dm. tall,
commonly did at the base, glabrous or nearly so: leaves r rather numerous,
e basal with n tifid blades, ue arly wither! ing: cauline leaves more
us blades narrower, mostly —3 em. pus entire or few- Rodi. racemes
ultimately open aes numerous pedicels very slender, glabr ur or minutely
pavesee d 2-3 mm. lon etals wanting or minute: pod oval, 2.5-3 mm. long,
ng:
smooth and a. ien and mpl Em Roads ides and waste-places,
about seaports, Tex. to Fla. and N.S. Nat. of Eu.—Sum
4. L. densiflorum Schrad. Annual, finely pubescent or puberulent, odorless:
stem 2—7 dm. tall, more or less br anched: basal leaves and sometimes the lower
sane with pinnatifid Scu S, due or sparingly pube and E his-
pidulous: upper stem-leaves narrow ised or toothed, erect or ending:
P edicels eco ng 2-3 m dono udin g or curving out, ge ng ne fruiting
raceme much thicker n the top: petals rudime nta ary or ing: po
doomed about 2.5 mm. broad, glabrous, notehed at the one wing- Peu
pex.—Dr D - oil and waste- places, various provinces, Tex. to B. C., Me., and
N. C.—Spr fall.
a. THLASPI [ Tourn. L. Annual or perennial erect or depressed caules-
cent herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed, those of the upper leaves aurieulate-
elasping. Racemes inconspicuously bracted
or bractless, elongating. Sepals rather
broad. Petals white or daa longer
than the sepals, equal or nearly Fila-
ments stout: anthers short. Pods priis
obovate or cuneate, winged, notched at the
apex
1. L. Annual, 1-5 dm. tall,
glabrous: blades of the lower cauline leaves |
spatulate e, those of the upper
eauline leaves sagittate, 1.5-5 à
ur iN sepal ong or oblong-ovate,
a, 2.5-3 mm. long: pods sub-
orbicular to oe 1-1.5 em. broad, broadly winged.—(FIEL
PENN YCRESS. EN ED.) — Waste-places, roadsides, and fields, various
provinces, N. C. to Ark. Kn. Man., and Que. Nat. of Eurasia.—Spr.-sum.
4. LESQUERELLA S. Wats. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf-
blades entire, undulate, or pinnatifid. Raceme simple or sometimes branched.
Sepals 4, usually pubescent like the leaves. Petals 4, of a spatulate type, often
broadly so, yellow (or rarely white or purplish). Stamens 6: filaments slender
throughout or enlarged or winged near the base: anthers oblong or sagittate
Style les few. Pod globular oblong or ovoid, rare d
slende Ovules : glo
Seed oea margined —About 35 species, American.—$Spr.—BLADDER-PODS.
000 BRASSICACEAE
Filaments winged at the base: pods flat, ovoid: leaf-blades auricu-
late-clasping.
Filaments slightly enlarged at the base: pods globular: leaf-blades
neither aurieulate nor clasping.
1. L. Lescurii.
. L. globosa.
L. Lescurii Ss Gray) S. Wats. Branches loosely stellate-pubescent, 1-3 dm.
long: 1 leaves 1—4 cm. long; blades elliptic-oval to elliptic-ovate, repand-
den sepals becoming 3-3.5 mm. long:
ss EA ate, 4-6 mm. long: ovary long-
De , flat: ' po od ov mu. 5-6.5 mm. long,
rsely pubescent. — Gla ides and fields,
Tiere Low Plateaus, near Nashville,
Tenn.
L. globosa (Desv.) S. Wats. Branches
"eG ae closely hoary with stellate hairs,
abo
pubescent.—River bluffs and rocky banks, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn. to Ky.
CAMELINA Crantz. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed, or
TT at the base of the stem, sometimes clasping. Racem e
Sepals 4, rather broad. Petals 4, narrow, yellowish or greenish. Stamens 6:
anthers ovoid. Style columnar. Ovules few or many. Pod is ou margine,
eed marginless.—About 5 species, Eurasian.—Spr.—F'ALSE-FLAX
REL SES pubescent: pod rounded at the apex, 4-5 m
16.
Stem glabrous or nearly so: pod truncate or notched at the
apex, 6-8 mm. wide.
1. C. microcarpa.
2. C. sativa.
C. microcarpa Andrz. Plants pubescent, at least below, 5-8 dm. tall:
blades of the upper cauline leaves lanceolate, 1.5—7 em. long, sagittate- -aur To
at i base: pod narrowly obovoid, e
wide: seed fully mm. long.—
Fields. and es -plaees, various prov-
inces, N. C. to Ariz., B. C. and Ont. Nat.
of Eu.—All the Ee of Camelina are much
alike in habit. Species additional to those de-
seribed here, are to be expected in bed
N. A.
2. C. sativa (L.) Crantz. Plants r
or nearly so, 3—9 dm. tall: leaves nearly si
a
arious provinces, N. C. and Tenn. to S Can. "Nat. of Eu.
. RADICULA [Dil.] Hill Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf-
m— toothed, lobed, or dissected. Raceme often branched. Sepals 4, broad
or narrow. Petals 4, yellow, often scarcely longer than the sepals. Stamens
BRASSICACEAE 557
1-6: anthers ovoid to globose. Style very short. Pod short or elongate. Seed
turgid. [Nasturtium R. Br.]—About 50 species, widely distributed.—WATER-
CRESSES. MARSH-CRESS
Annual or biennial plants with or roots.
I. PALUSTRES.
Po elongate, linear-filifor II. HETEROPHYLLAE.
Perennial plants with c Da ‘or horizontal rootstocks. III. SYLVESTRES.
Pedicel short, much less than half thé length of the pod.
Leaf-blades bipinnatifid: style 1-2 mm. long: pod narrowly
- elliptic, curve
Leaf-blades 1- -pinnatifid : style almost wanting: pod broadly
elliptic, straigh 2. R. sessiliflora.
Pedicel rather fone half the rica of the pod or more.
Pod ellipso abro
1. R. Walteri.
id: stem gla 3. R. palustris.
d oval, ovoid, or ipeloboces stem hirsute. 4. R. hispida.
II. IIETEROPHYLL
Bu diffuse, the leaves usually B : Jarge ena lobe: flow-
with inconspicuous white co 5. R. heterophylla.
III. SYLVEST
Plant with rather large yellow corollas and eh narrow slender
pedicelled pods. 6. HR. sylvestris.
1. R. Walteri (EIL) Small. Stem often diffusely branched, 1-4 dm. tall:
cauline leaves 2-10 em. long; blades NE the segments irregular: ‘petals
slightly longer fan: the sepals: pod Tong
beaked. [N. tanacetifolium (Chapm. F1.)]
—Low grounds, fields, and ditches, Coastal
Plain and rarely adi. provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Okla., and S. C.—(Afez.) —Spr.
2. R. sessiliflora (Nutt.) A. Hitche. Stem
cauline leaves
3-15 obed o
pinnatifid: petals
sepals: pod short-bea
wet banks, various terc d Fla. to Tex.,
Nebr., Ia., and D. C.—Spr.-sum
3. R. palustris E e Stem glabrous
or minutely pube , 2-10 dm. tall: leaf-
blades oblanceolate an elliptie Or ted “elliptic, p = toothed or repand
abov long: ovary elliptic: pod 5-8 m ong.— (MARSH-CRESS.
die cin ees Tod grounds and meadows, various To Fla.
to Tex., Ariz., Alas., Ont., and N. B. Apparently nat. of Eu.—Spr.-su
4. R. hispida (Desv.) Heller. Stem hirsute or hispid, 3—12 dm. DE leaf- pus
ped v ae pe or rarely only toothed, 2—18 cem. long:
glo : po od 2 -3 m ng.—Sandy soil, S along rd various iud
n N. C. to Tex., Calif and S Can.—Sum
R. he dadas a (Blume) Small. e diffusely b eres the ne
oe rous or nearly so: cauline leaves 3-11 em. long; bla
r ovate-lanceolate in nee m accu e d lo bed o i
flowers inconspieu ous: sepals 2-2.5 mm. long: petals about as long
as the sepals or wanting: pod linear-filiform, 1.5 -2.5 em. long, stiffly ascending
or spreading, straight ao oe and ditches, Coastal Plain, S Miss. and
S La. Nat. of Asia.—Wint
558 BRASSICACEAE
6. R. sylvestris (L.) Druee. Stem ascending or decumbent, 2-7 dm. long: leaf-
blades often ovate or elliptic, 4-15 em. long, pesa divi ided, the segments
. lon
distant, entire or toothed: sepals becoming 2 ng: filaments searcely
pads than the ip pod slender, 8—15 m 2 short-beaked.—( YELLOW-
$.)— ground along streams and ante laces various provinces, rarely
—Wet
Coastal Plain, Ala. to La., Ill, Ont., Newf., and Va. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-sum
7. ARMORACIA Gaertn. Perennial erect herbs with long, pungent roots.
Leaf-blades coarsely toothed or sometimes a nnatifid. Raceme stiff, with slender
pedicels. Sepals rather broad. Petals w
m
oid. ary
columnar: stigma capitate. Pod short and
stout.—About 4 species, Eurasian.
A. Armoracia (L.) Britton. Stem erect:
leaf-blades var ious, those of the basal pass
0
em. long, gularly erenate, unequally cor-
date or truncat the Aoi of the
eauline leaves smaller arsely
and re
toothed pa ineised: i: white, obovate,
6-8 ong: pod 5-7 mm. long, straight.
[Roripa- Armoracia (L.) <A. Hitche.
(HORSERADISH. ) a bi ed thiekets, low grounds, various prance: N of
Coastal Plain, N. C. to Tenn. and S Can. Nat. of Eu. —Spr.
8. NEOBECKIA Greene. Perennial aquatie herbs. —— various, the
immersed ones with finely dissected blades, the emersed o wi maller
Eus toothed, or pcr blades. Raceme often SV CM pi " PM.
Petals 4, of a spatul type, white.
enlarged below: anthers gudittete Ovary
not stipitate: style slender. Ovules nu-
erous. Pod 1-celled, short, turgid.—One
species.
1. N. aquatica oe nee hig partly
immersed, w rsed lea sometimes
numerous; lad les grannies dissected,
illary: emersed
na
ing: ay tere elliptic a ovate, :
petals broadly dE ulate, 6-7 : er Bud pod
lon Nas
ellipsoid, D ng. [ e la-
custre A. Roripa americana wh ray)
Britton] (LAKE RE VON d kes and p streams, various provinces, Fla to
, Minn., and Que.—
9. SISYMBRIUM [Tourn.] L. Pond diffuse aquatic herbs wi
creeping stems. Leaf-blades pinnately divided. Raceme lax. Sepals he
Petals 4, white, much exceeding the sepals. Stamens mostly 6: anthers ovoid.
BRASSICACEAE 559
Ovary narrow: style very stout: stigma dis-
coid. Pod elongate, linear.—One species.
S. Nasturtium-aquaticum L. Stems dif-
use or floating, 1-6 dm. long: leaf- "blades
unequally pinnate, 2-15 cm. long, the seg-
ments PM ar: pet zm white, 3—4 mm. long:
pods linear, 10-25 mm. long, curved. [Nas-
tu nm ffoi vale R. Br. Roripa Nasturtium
f., and Can
Nat. of Eu.—Spr fall — Frequently used as
a garnish and a ondin
10. ERYSIMUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades
entire, lobed or pinnatifid. Raceme elongating, strict. Sepals 4, rather nar-
row, nearly equal. Petals 4, d LE |
ES ij
l officinale L. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, the
ee spreading: leaf-blades 2-20 cm.
long, runcinate- ee the oe irreg-
zd entire, toothed, or lobed: sepals 1.5-2
long: ae _ yellow, spatulate: pod
do 10-1 long, slender-beaked.
[Sisymbrium ‘oficinate (L.) Scop.]— (HEDGE
than the sepals, yellow, spat
Ova
MUSTARD. n e places and Pai -— throughout cult. N. A. Nat.
of Eu.
6: anthers ovoid. ary narrow: ee very
short or obsolete: stigma 2-lobed. Pod elon-
gate.—About 3 species, natives of the Old
World.
11. IODANTHUS T. & G. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades toothed to
lyrate- Lais Racemes or panicles elongate. Sepals 4, the lateral ones more
or less appendaged near the apex. Petals 4, white or violet, spatulate.
| Run de 6: anthers elliptie to ovoid. Style
short. Pod elongate.—One species.
l. I. pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud. Stem 3-
10 dm. tall: blades of the lower e often
e e the terminal segment larger, in-
eised or with flaring teeth, blades of the
upper RAUM dentate or ineised; ; petioles
broad, clasping: sepals elliptic, 3—4 mm.
mon La. Tex. Minn., Tenn., and
Pa.—Spr.
12. NORTA Adans. Biennial, tall, sometimes diffusely branched, herbs.
Leaf-blades toothed or pinnatifid. Raceme lax, becoming very lax in age,
060 BRASSICACEAE
the pedicels short and stout. S epals rather
narrow, spreading. ps yellow, exceeding
the sepals. Stamens 6: anthers elliptic-
sagittate. Bil ec stigma 2-lobed. Pod
slender, mueh-elongate, spreading.—About 10
Species, iie of the Old World.
N. altissima (L.) Britton. Stem 1.5 m
tall or less, the branches scenes often di-.
varieate: leaf-blades mostly 1-2 dm. long,
dee ply 1-2-pinnatifid, the lbid narrow,
entire or toothed: sepals long:
p spatulate: pod clongato liner, 6-10
ong, stout-beaked. [Sisymbrium altis-
L.] — (TUMBLE-MUSTARD.) — Fields
aa e -places, nearly throughout cult. N. A. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.
13. CONRINGIA [Heist.] Adans. Annual glabrous herbs. Leaf-blades
entire, sessile, cordate. Racemes elongating, becoming lax, the pedicels rather
h
lon Sepals dii ereet. etals yellowish, much longer than the sepals,
the blades rather row. Stamens 6: anthers narrow. Ovary elongate: style
very short: stigma slightly 2-lobed. Pod
narrow, much elongate, angled, ereet or as- |
cending.—About 7 species, Eurasian.
1. bd orientalis (L.) Dumort. Stem up t
H tall, simple or Ed branched:
leaf. blades ae at the bas
stem, elliptic- ore. iti, elliptic-
ovate or ovate above, pale-green 3-16 em. long,
obtuse at the apex, cordate- ut P the
base: sepals lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long: petals
T pale-yellow, 8-11 mm. long: pod
narr owly linea ar, € 6-12.5 | em. long, peel
OUS provinces, Pla, to Mo., on. Alb., pon "N.
B. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.—
14. HESPERIS [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades
entire, toothed, or rarely pinnatifid. Raceme or panicle elongate. Sepals 4,
road. Petals 4, white or purple, with broad
ades. Stamens 6: anthers oblong. m
very short or obsolete. Pod elongate.—Abou
25 species, Eurasian.
matronalis L. Stems 3- € bur Ns
in
RN MERE, rpg B fay p atid
se p s becoming 6-
. long, the br tnde Ee es ae a
ROCK
SWEET-ROCKET. ) — Fields and on roadsides,
various Dd oo to iue oe Ont.,
and Mass.—Nat. of Eu.—Spr
BRASSICACEAE 561
15. ARABIDOPSIS Schur. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades
entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. ceme elongate. Sepals 4, narrow. Petals 4,
nir 6: anthers
ovoid. Style sior t. Pod elongate.—
bout 12 species, North American and
Eurasian
1. A. Thaliana (L.) Britton. Plant 0.3-5
dm. tall, mainly 2r ched throughout, pubes-
cent near the bas rca of the dein leaves
elliptic, or Apes olate, 1.5-4.5 ong;
entire or shallowly io tod. sepals Lt. om
long: petals about tw iie as long as
Q—
fields, |
various provinees, Ga. to Ark., Utah., Minn., Ont., and Mass.—Nat. of
Eu.—Spr.
16. CAMPE Dulac. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades lyrate-
pinnatifid. nup Or ip often dense. Sepals 4, a Petals 4,
h i Style
natives of temperate Bini Du a A WINTER-CRESSES. ROCKETS
ARDS.
Pod Pru ya obtusely 4-angled: leaf-segments 3-9.
Pod spreading or ascending: corolla bright- -yellow. 1. C. Barbarea.
Pod Bree and appressed: corolla pale-yellow. 2. C. stricta.
Pod stout-pedicelled, acutely 4-angled: leaf-segments 9-17. 3.
1. C. ep a (L.) W. F. Wight. Plant 2-9 dm. tall: leaves 5-15 cm. long,
or shorter above; blades of the lower ones P those of the upper ones
A or incised: sepals mostly 3-3.5 mm
long: p 5.5 mm. long: — m
long, slender-beaked. [B. vulgaris R. Br
—(BITTER-CRESS. YELLOW-ROCKET.)——RKoad-
sides and fields, and cult. grounds, jorge
provinees, on Coastal Plain only N, . to
N. Y. and Ont., and locally in ue uo
and on Pacif. coa ast. Native northward and
in Eu S sum.
2. cta (Andrz.) W. F. Wight. Plant
a m that of C. Barbarea in habit a
y i A aed mostly 4—4.5 mm. long: pet
als 6.5 mm. long: pod 2-2.5 em. lore:
pbi nen a. [B. stricta Bp ane
S i d fields, and cult. grounds, vari
S provinces, Fla. to Nebr. , Alas., Ont., ad Que. Nat. er and in
es
C. verna (Mill) Heller. Plant 1-6 dm. tall: leaves 2-15 em. long; blades
pinneti the segments toothed: sepals 3-3.5 mm. long: petals about twice as
ong as the sepals: pod 3.5-8 em. long. [B. verna Asch.]— (EARLY WINTER-
36
i
562 BRASSICACEAE
S.)—Roadsides and in waste-places, various provinces, Fla.
A ‘Calif, C nn aa Mass. Nat. of Eu., and cult.—Spr.
CHEIRINIA Link. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaf-blades entice.
ms or lobed. Sepals 4, nearly equal. Petals 4, yellow, with broad blades.
Stamens 6: anthers elliptie to sagittate. Style very short: stigma depressed.
Pod elongate.—About 90 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—
REACLE-MUSTARDS. JBLISTER-CRESSES.
Petals less than 5 mm. long: anthers over 2 mm. long: pod di than 15 times as
long as wide: seed about 1 mm. lon . C. cheiranthoides.
Petals over 15 mm. long : anthers Abou 1 mm. long: pod over
30 times as long as wide: seed about 2 mm. long. 2. C. aspera.
C. cheiranthoides (L.) Link. as 1-7 dm. tall strigillose: leaf-blades
elliptic to i ate or linear, 2—10 c long, entire, or obscurely toothed:
sepals 2-2.5 mm. long: petals "with hore
blades about, as viene as the claws: filam Bib
3—4 mm. long: pod ascending, 1.5-2 em. edd
the oe -beak about 1 mm. long. [Erysimum
cheiranthoides zb —( WORMSEE ED-MUSTARD
WILD- — Sandy soil, especially l
oe streams, various provinces N of Coastal
Plain, N. C. to Ten nn., Wash., Alas., and
Newf. —Sum.
2. C. aspera (Nutt.) Rydb. Stem 6-10 dm.
- l
elliptie, 3—15 em. long, entire or repand, or
n x wer ones sometimes pinnatifid: sepals ;
ng: petals with cuneate-obovate ©
m. lon
i blades such shorter than the claws: longer filaments 12-14 mm. long: pod stout,
spreading, 8-11 cm. long, the style- Du on 4 mm. long.—Dry soil, various
provinces, Tenn. to N. M. and S. Can
_ 17. BRASSICA [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf-
blades lobed or pinnatifid, or those of the upper leaves entire. Sepals 4, rather
narrow. Petals 4, yellow, cream-colored, or white, the blades broad. Stamens 6:
anthers sagittate. Style columnar: stigma depressed or 2-lobed. Pod sine
sometimes angled, the beak conic.—About 80 species, Eurasian and African—
MUSTARDS.—Many of the species are important food plants. Here belongs
cabbage in its many varieties, mustards, turnips, and charlocks.
Blades of the upper leaves merely sessile: petal-blades abruptly narrowed into slender
claws, yellow
Pod erect or appressed, short-beaked, less than 2 cm. long:
pedicel appressed. 1. B. nigra.
Pod spr eading, long-beaked, over 2 cm. long: pedicel spread-
Leaf. blades lyrate: pod stout, mostly over 3 mm. wide. 2. B. juncea.
Leaf- M. mu a re and crisped : pod slender, mostly
Jess than 3 m 3. B. japonica.
p of the upper Teas. claspings petal-blades gradually nar-
owed into broad claws, cream-colored. 4. B. campestris.
1. B. nigra (L.) Koch. Stem 1-2 m. tall, sometimes sparingly pubescent,
widely branched: leaves 5-20 cm. long; blades of the lower ones lyrate-
BRASSICACEAE 563
D ifid, the terminal segment the largest:
sepals becomi ng 4.5-5 mm. long: petals 7-9
mm. long: pod 10-16 mm. long. Vols Ln
nigra L.]|—(BLACK-MUSTARD. CHARLOCK.)
— Waste- | dos and fields, ind throughout
cult. N. A. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-
2. B. juncea (L.) Cosson. Stem 3-17 an
tall, glaucous, sparingly branched: leaves
5-17 cm. long; blades of the age ones ellip;
tic to oval, coarsely toothed or lyrate;
pinnatifid: sepals becoming 4—6 mm. lon
petals 9-12 m long: pod 30—50 mm. long.—
(INDIAN-MUSTARD.)—Waste-places ru road-
sides, nearly throughout eult. N. Nat.'
of Asia.—Spr.—
B. japonica Siebold. Similar to B. juncea in habit: leaves 6—21 cm. long:
blades iau. lobed s b dn sepals om 4-5 mm. long: petals 7-9
lon 0—40 . long.— (CURLED -MUSTARD. POTHERB-MUSTARD.)—
Fields iid e Ta nod. provinees, Fla. to Me. Nat. of Asia.—Spr.—
fall.
4. B. campestris L. Stem 3—6 dm. tall, glabrous and uic yas 9-30 em.
long, or -= e blades mie pinnatifid: sepals becoming 4—5 mm. long:
petals 8-12 m ong: pod 3 ong.— (RUTA-BAGA. P -) Fields
and qual eed tae Su N. A. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.
DIPLOTAXIS DC. Annual, biennial, or perennial caulescent herbs.
ia Made coarsely toothed or pinnatifid, sometimes lyrate. Sepals 4, rather
na etals 4, ye ie ae blades broa Stamens 6: anthers oblong t
linear. E short-columnar: stigma o slightly 2-lobed. Pod elon-
gate, flattened, short- beaked. ad 20 species, natives of the Old World.—
SAND-ROCKETS.—Spr.—fall.
ma veal ovary, and pod, short-stipitate: flowers large; petals 1 cm. long
1. D. tenuifolia.
Plant : annus: ovary, and pod, not stipitate: flowers small; pet-
als less than 1 cm. long. 2. D. muralis.
1. D. bns: (L.) DC. Perennial, 3-12 dm. tall, the branches glabrous
or nearly so: leaves ud cauline; blades conspicuously pinnatifid, the lobes
usually narrow: sepals 5-7 mm. lon ng: pet
10-12 mm. long: pod linear, s short: stile:
iud i 1 mm. long.—(FLIx SAND-
ROCKET. )—Waste-places and ballast about
eit La. to N. S. Nat. of E
2. D. muralis (L.) DC. Annual or biennial,
1
mostly 2 tall, the branches sometimes
decumbent, sparingly pub leaves
mostly near the base : bs plant; blades
elliptic to spatulate, arsely Ec nnately
toothed to somewhat Dinne£ifid sepals 3.5—
m. T od
rowly linear, not stipitate: seed less than
1 mm. long.—( CROSS-WEED. ALL-ROCKET.
Y
—_Waste-places and ballast, usually about sea-ports, various provinces, La. to
Ont. and N.S. Nat. of Eu.
064 BRASSICACEAE
20. SINAPIS L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaf-blades lobed or pin-
elongate, the beak sword-like.—About 5 species, European.—CHARLOCKS
Blades of the upper leaves toothed : pod with a somewhat 4-angled beak i 5 the
length of the pod-body. m
Blades of the upper pres pinnatifid : pod with a flat beak about as
fone as the pod-body. 2. S. alba.
1. S. arvensis L. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, hispid: leaves 4-17 cm. long; blades
A the lower ones coarsely o or Iyrate- pinnatifid: sepals dicas d. 5—6
lon petals 5.8-8.5 ong,
sake xo ios or obovate blades abruptly E
tracted into the slender claw po od 21-24
mm. long.—( WILD-MUSTARD. Cron ses
— Fields ca waste- er ij through-
out cult. N. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-fall.
2. S. alba L. Stem pubescent with rigid
spreading hairs, 3-7 dm. tall, branehed:
blades - the basal puma obovate e, pin-
natifid, on long petioles, those of the upper
le aves narrow, elliptic to lanceolate, pin-
m
n , those near the of
sessile: sepals 4—5 mm long: petals yellow,
much longer than the sepals: pods hispid,
the body 8-15 mm. long, constricted below
the seeds, the beak flat, as long as the body or longer.—( WHITE-MUSTARD.)—
Fields, roadsides, and waste -plaees, U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eurasia.—Sum.
1. ERUCA L. Herbs resembling Brassica and Sinapis. Leaf-blades
pinnatifid or some of them merely toothed, not claspin Raceme narrow:
pedicels ascending. Sepals narrow, erect. Petals mx spreading dilated
iny blades. Anthers sagittate. Ovary
short. Style short, but longer than the
ary. Po ort, turgid, the beak flat,
ier than (ie body.—About 10 species,
Eurasian.
1. E. Eruca (L.) Britton.
Plant 2-7 dm.
tal, the stem usually branehed, sparingly
pubescent: leaf-blades various, thos the
e
lon 1
ES LB 2 cm. long, veiny: pod erect,
slender-fusiform, m, 2-3 € m. long, the beak much shorter than the body. [ÆE. sativa
Mill.] — (GARDEN- cy )— Fields, nearly throughout cult. N. A. Nat. of
Eu.—Spr.-sum.
29. RAPHANUS [Tourn.] L. Annual or mostly biennial herbs. Leaf-
blades lyrate-pinnatifid, or inn of the upper ones merely toothed. Sepals 4,
BRASSICACEAE 565
narrow. Petals 4, yellow, pink, or white, the
bo
t 6 species, Eurasian.
R. sativus L. Plant 3-11 tall, usu-
ally with scattered hairs: leav s finely pu-
bescent; blades spatulate, to spouts in out-
line, pinnatifid or pinnately parted, p ter
ea
petals pink or white, spatulate, 11-14 mm.
long: pod turgid, the "body mostly 2.5-3.5 em. long, be aked.— (RADISH. ees
and ye more or less persistent after cultivation, various provinces, U. S.
and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.
23. KONIGA Adans. Annual or perennial, often diffuse herbs, or
shrubby plants. ao blades entire. Sepals 4, herbaceous. Petals 4, white,
ens
stigma
Pod ovate to subglobose. Seed solitary.—
About 4 species, natives of the Mediter- |
ranean region
maritima (L.) R. Br. Stem usually
grant: sepals becoming -2 mm. lon
petals 3—4 mm. long, the suborbicular blades
od 2-3 m :
lys ibn, 4
(SWEET-ALYSSUM. )— Waste places, and cult.
grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and S Can. Nat. of Eu. and
eult. —Spr.— all.
24. DRABA [Dill] L. Annual or perennial, often small herbs. Leaf-
blades entire or toothed. Sepals 4, rather d Petals 4, white or yellow,
pi ns i e
u r " e Ov
twisted. Seeds several—About 175 species, natives, mainly, of north tem-
perate and arctic regions.—Spr.— W HITLOW-GRASSES. WHITLOW-WORTS
Annuals or often winter-annuals: pod not spirally tw isted : petals about twice as long
S.
. D. verna.
"d
(D
ct
&e
pd
Uc
ae
e
Q-—
"(o
IR
Petals entire, erose or r emarginate
Leaf- blades entire
od glabrous. D. caroliniana.
D. aprica.
-15 m : lo ong: sepals 2 mm. long. D. cuneifolia.
d 2-3 m Jong: DT 1-1.5 mm. long. D. brachycarpa.
Po
po pod Sealy twisted: petals thrice as long as the
sepals.
o 9 pN
. D.ramosissima.
566 BRASSICACEAE
a L. Plant — em. tall, acaulescent: leaf-blades spatulate to
narrowly ‘elliptic, 5-15 m ong, entire, or toothed near the apex, sparingly
pubescen Bd sea ae g Spas pss becoming
1.5-2 ong: petals cuneate, em rly
twice as eon as - sepals: pod e elliptie Or
rarely oval, 4-9 mm. long.—(WHITE-BLOW
WHITLOW-GRASS )—Dry banks and fields,
various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Minn., and
Mass. Nat. of Eu.—Wint.- spr.
2. D. caroliniana Walt. s. 4-10 em.
tall, often short-stemmed: leaf-blades ob-
ovate, Ei s ud Or MS NE
5-15 long, entire or shallowly
toothed, d pubescent: scape pubescent,
at least below: sepals pages] 2—2
long, glabrous: petals 3—4 lou, vit
cuneate or as pra ovary y glabro : pod
linear, 7—1 ong.—Roc "fields, and sandy soil, various provinces, Ga.
to Ark., Minn., t Mass. du
3. D. aprica Beadle. Plant 1-2.5 dm. tall, finely appressed -pubescent: leaves
distant; blades obovate or oval to ett : = past vedi un —26 mm. long,
coarsely few-toothed: peduncles very s anting: nal raceme elon-
ga ate, the pee racemes wholly or partially congested: sepals ser tae , becom-
ing 0.8-1 mm. lo ong: petals spatulate, 2.5-3 mm. long: ovary pubescent: pod
linear- “elliptic 4-6 mm. lon ng.—Dry soil, Ru Mt. in pos higher Piedmont,
Ga.—Spr.
D. cuneifolia Nutt. Plant 6—10 mm. tall, o sue stemmed, stellate-
pubescent i eae terry blades se obov r sometimes spatulate,
8—30 ong, c ino few- EA ipd peduncles si er racemes not con
gested: een becoming 3-5 mm. long, broad: petals a 3-5 mm . long:
vary pubescent: pod linear- elliptic, 8-15 mm. long.—Fields and cliffs, various
sn Fla. to Tex., Calif., Ill, and Ky.—Spr.
5. D. brachycarpa Nutt. Plant 4-20 cm. tall, strigillose, caulescent: leaves
5-15 mm. long; blades ovate to ede Or “elliptic: Eanes or rarely obovate
arl
at the base of the plant, entire or rly s e elongate: sepals MONS
1—1.5 mm. long, EUN petals L 525m m. long, T oval rounded blades
or wanting: ovary glabrous: pod elliptie, 9— 3 mm. long.—Dry soil, variou s
provinces rarely Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Tex., Mo., 23 Va.—Spr.
6. D. ramosissima Desv. Res 10-40 em. tall, eaulescent, d oe
all over: leaves 10—45 mm. long: aer spatulate at the base of the st em;
elliptic to elliptie- Gag oie above s spreading cas ene
eorymbosely disposed: sepals becoming 2. 53m m. long: p 6-8 mm. long,
Rn ovary pubescent: pod n wly elliptic, 5-12 mm. long, long-bea aked.
—Cliffs and rocky banks, ge calcareous, Blue Ridge and Appalachian pro-
vinces, Y C. t o Te nn., W.
25. DENTARIA [Tourn.] L. Perennial seapose herbs with horizontal
rootstoeks. Leaves basal: blades palmately eleft or divided. SR simple,
each bearing 2 or 3 bracts with blades similar to the basal leav Sepals 4,
much shorter than the petals. Petals 4, white or purple, sd large.
Stamens 6; anthers elliptic to lanceolate. Style slender. Pod elongate.—
About 15 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere.—Spr.—CRINKLE-ROOTS.
TOOTHWORTS. PEPPERWORTS
BRASSICACEAE 567
Blades of leaves and bracts similar.
Leaf-segments linea
Leaf-segments 1-2. -parted. 1. D. multifida.
af-segments a toothed or merely incised. 2. D. furcata.
^..Le
Leaf-segments not lin
iue a ‘moniliform, not scaly: leaf-segments
aciniate.
Rootstock elo ngate, continuous, scaly: leaf-segments
toothed or incised.
Leaf-segments incised, with narrow, very acute, often
farine ie teeth
Leaf-segments not incised, with broad, blunt or merely
mucronate teeth. b. D. diphylla
Blades of leaves and bracts very dissimilar. 6. D. heterophylla.
1. D. multifida Muhl. Rootstock continuous: scape 2-3 dm. tall: bracts 2;
pce with linear, entire or ee toothed blades: sepals broad, 5-6
long: petals 12-14 mm. long: pod
3 3-3. 5 em. long.—Rich woods, " Appalachian
provinces, Ga. to Ala. and Ohi
3. D. laciniata.
4. D. incisa.
2. D. furcata Small. Rootstock ees
form: seape 2-3 dm. tall: braets 3: seg-
ments with lin ud Lai toothed, or incised
blades: alan ,9-6m m. long: petals
12-17 m gd p od 2 .5-8 em. long.—Rich
woods, Appalachian provinees, Ala to Ohio.
3. D. laciniata Muhl. pd jointed:
scape 1-3.5 dm. tall: bracts segments
with linear-lanceolate or eer d.
serrate or incised blades: sepals n arrow, 5—6
mm E : petals oblong. spatulate, 12—15
ong: pod 3-5 long, xr mE: —(PEPPER-ROOT. LONE banks
and iin woods, various provinces, M Fla. to La., Minn., and Que
4. D. incisa Small. Rootstock continuous: scape 2-3 dm. tall: pa 3; seg-
ments with ovate or lanceolate sug ip E ineised blades, the teeth narrow,
more or less flaring: sepals narr 5—7 mm. long: petals broadly spatulate,
10-13 mm. long: pod not seen T Mois rich node, Lookout Mt.,
5. D. diphylla Michx. Rootstock Confinuones scape 1-3 dm. tall: n me
segments with ovate or lanceolate cuneate pube blades: sepals narrow, 5-7
mm. long: petals broad, 12-14 mm. lon ng: pod 2.5-4 mm. long.—(CRINKLE-
RooT.)—Woods, various provinces, S. C. to Ky., Minn., and N. 5. E
6. D. x pis Nutt. Rootstock continuous: scape 2-3 dm. tall: bracts
usually 2; segments with ovate or obovate ei erenate or ripis blades:
sepals 5-7 7 mm. jns : petals narrow, 14— . long: pod 2.5-3.5 . long.—
Rich woods, dde provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tenn., Pa., 2d N. J.
26. CARDAMINE [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs with erect or
ereeping stems. Leaves alternate: blades entire to pinnately dissected. Sepals
4, much shorter than the den Petals 4, white, pink, or purple. Style very
short. — elongate.—AÀbout 125 species, natives of temperate regions.—
SSES. BoG-CRESSES.
Plants E leaf-blades entire or pinnatifid, with 3 segments or with 3-7 seg-
ents in C. curvisiliqua.
Plant with an erect, simple stem from a tuberous- eee base: leaf-blades
entire or merely undulate.
. BULBOSAE.
568 BRASSICACEAE
Plant with elongate rootstocks or rootstocks and creep-
ane oe S blades simple, with 3 segments or
segm
Stem weak, P diffus se or prostrate and more or les
creeping, with KON OPINE branches or stolons irom
the upper leaf-ax II. ROTUNDIFOLIAE.
Stem stiffly erect, aol creeping, typically simple, not
toloniferoüs. III. CLEMATITES.
S
Plants annual or biennial: leaf-blades with several to many
IV. PARVIFLORAE.
I. BULBOSAE
Plant with long-petioled basal leaves,and sessile cauline
leaves. 1. C. bulbosa.
ROTUNDIFOLIAE
II.
Cauline leaves simple: pod slender-beaked.
Cauline leaves pinnatifid : pod stout-beaked.
C. rotundifolia.
. C. curvisiliqua.
goto
III. CLEMATIT
Leaf-blades or leaflets shallowly 3- or 5-lobed: ed columnar. 4. C. Clematitis.
pound or leaflets coarsely crenate or crenate-lobed : style
Flow wers large; ; petals 7-9 mm. long, long-clawed. 5. C. flagellifera.
Flowers small; petals 4-5 mm. long, almost - dn wiees: 6. C. Hugeri.
IV. PARVIFLORAE
Pod short, mostly 1-1.5 c ng.
Lower r leaves with i bud ed segments. 7. C. debilis.
ee Nossa: with several narrow segments which are
r less narrowed at the ‘ba ase. 8. C. parviflora.
Pod elongate, mostly 2-3 em. long.
Sta S 6: flowering stems leafy, often conspicuously so.
Tower leaves with several to many narrow segments. 9. C. arenicola.
Lower leaves with few broad segments. 10. C. pennsylvanica.
Stamens 4: flowering stems leafless or sparingly leafy, but
scape-like, 11. C. hirsuta.
1. C. bulbosa (Sehreb.) B. S: P. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, with tuber-like bases:
used leaves 3— :: em. long; blades oval, eliiptie, er or laneeolate: sepals
becoming 3-3. : long: petals bro oadly
E ng: Ks)
. [C. p DC. ]— (SPRING-
S.)—Swamps and low woods, various
E N Fla. to Tex., Minn., and N. §.
—Spr.
2. C. rotundifolia Michx. Plant 1-4 dm.
long, pore eee 1—4.5 em. long; blades
0
angle ed, som EE es lobed : sepals becom-
in Paes ut . lo als 8-10 mm.
Tm the a an pod pud 1.5-2 n
long, straight.—(M
Springy. y. places, Blue Ridge E Appalashim
provinees, N. C. Ky., Ohio, and N. J.
—Bpr.-sum.
3. C. curvisiliqua Shuttlw. Plant 3-8 dm. long, cauline leaves 3-9 em. long;
blades m ple isse d yar ae suborbicular, oval, or obovate un-
dulate segm sepals becoming 2—2.5 mm. long: petals 4—5 mm. long, da
late, the spem peres pod L 5-8 em. long, ecurved.— (COASTAL WATERCRE s.)—
Springs and streams, T —Spr.—fall.
4, C. Clematitis Shuttlw. Plant stiffly erect, 1-3 dm. tall, from a slender
horizontal rootstock: cauline leaves 3-8 cm. long; blades or the 3 divisions
BRASSICACEAE 569
irregularly 3—5-lobed: sepals becoming 3.5-4 mm. long: petals 6-7 mm. long,
pandurate, the claws very broad: pod * 5-4 em. long.—Wet mt. peaks, Blue
Ridge and Appala achian provinces, Ala. to Tenn. and Va.—Spr.-sum.—Usually
growing at about 6,000 feet alt. in the Blue Ridge.
5. C. flagellifera O. E. Schulz. Plant id 1-3 dm. tall, from a stoutish
horizontal rootstock: cauline leaves 7-16 cm. long; bla s s pinnately parted,
with 3—5 ovate, orbieular, or reniform scs erenate or p ate-lobed divi-
sions, the teeth or lobes mucronate: sepals becoming 4—4.5 long: iii
7—9 mm. long, spatulate, pandurate: filam ents much flattened: E not seen
Mt. Eph Blue Ridge, N. C.—Spr ` Usually at 3,000—4,000 feet alt.
6. C. Hugeri Small. Plant similar to C. flagellifera in habit, but usually
more slender and with the lobes or teeth of the leaf- pala less prominently
mucronate: sepals becoming 2-2. ie ong: petals 4-5 mm. long, pandurate:
fil nera Ross flattened: pod not seen.—Mt. woods, Blue Ridge, Ga. and
S. C.—Spr.—Usually at 1,500—2,000 "n alt.
C. debilis D. Don. Plant with ascending or spreading stems 1—4 dm. long:
cauline leaves 1-7 em. long; blades pinnately divided, the few lateral LEE
wide, broade ned ee often lobed: sepals becoming a about 1 m
ie petals n nearly twice as long as the sepals: pod 1-1.5 cm. lon ne Ha m-
mocks and cult. places, Fla —(Asia.)—Spr.—sum. or all year 8.
8. C. parviflora L. Plant with slender stems 0.5-3 dm die rue leaves
1.5-6 em. long; blades s divided, the several lat tera segm o
but broadened upward: sepals becoming 1- 1.5 mm. long: eds slightly longer
than the sepals: pod 1-1.5 em. long.—Dry banks, roadsides and waste places,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Me. Nat. of Eurasia. — Spr
arenicola Britton. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: cauline leaves 1—4 cm.
y
bout 1 mm.
sepals, , mostly cuneate: pod linear, 2-2.5 em. long.—Spring-runs, mo ande
soil, pp rock ledges, and woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and
Conn.—Spr. —Appears to be the A counterpart of C. parvifiora.
10. C. ive nir apad Muhl. Plant 2-10 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so:
eauline leaves 4—8 . long; blades pinnately divided, the lateral segments
ee at broad or pedi undulate, toothed, or lobed sepals beeoming abou
long: petals dE longer than the Seas mostly spatulate: bod
linear: filiform, 2-2.5 em. long.—Wet places and meadows, various provinces,
Fla. to Ark., Minn., and Newf.—Spr.
11. C. hirsuta L. Plant 1 € tall, pubescent: cauline leaves few or
M n sepals becoming 1.5—2 d petals about twice as long as the
—M
sepals: pod narrowly linear, 2—2. B long. oist places and waste grounds,
various provinces, Ga. to Mich. and "Wash. (Eurasia. )—Spr
27. LEAVENWORTHIA Torr. Annual or biennial herbs with tufted
scapes or scape-like stems. e blades lyrate-pinnatifid. Sepals 4, erect.
Petals 4, white, yellowish, or purple, cuneate. Stamens 6: anthers ellipsoid
to ovoid. Style columnar. Pod elongate, sometimes constricted between the
seeds.—Four species.—Spr.
P ees linear or elliptic, St torulose.
th a very short stout or slender beak, 4-8-seeded, linear
d a short slender beak: leaves with a few relatively BE as Den
1.
970 BRASSICACEAE
Pod with a very short stout beak: leaves with many small .
SE p-toothed or angulate segments. 2. L. uniflora.
Pod with a long slender beak, 1-3-seeded, elliptic or linear-
elliptic 3. L. stylosa.
Pod narrowly linear, torulose. 4. L. torulosa.
E ud x Leaf- cd ais few blunt-lobed d pong pedicels be-
ming 3 ong: sepal mm. long: petals 5—7 mm. long, white or
purplish, Eno the yellow dd a linear
2—2.5 em. long: seed with a eie Sa radicle,
= Rocks, often NA patient various provin
N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex., Ark., and
Tenn.
2. L. uniflora (Michx.) Britton. Leaf-
] etals
long, white with a nd dd Or porous
ded linear-elliptic, 2.5 long: s
an oblique radicle. AL. Michaunxit
To: ES —Dry soil or ii rocks, often cal-
eareous, various provinces N of Coastal
Plain, Ala. to Ark., Mo., “and Ind.
3. L. stylosa A. Gray. E blades with 3-7 entire or _angled di i
pedicels becoming 3-15 em. long: petals yellow: pod ellip tic, 12 mm. lon
Cedar glades, on Boso. rocks, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn.
L. torulo osa A. Gray. Leaf-blades with entire angled or lobed d gh
vodiocls becoming 9—20 em. long: petals purplish with a yellow base: pod n
rowly linear, 2—5.5 em. long —Moist Cedar Er Interior Low Plateaus, N
Al enn., and Ky.
28. ARABIS L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed,
or te Sepals 4, erect, broad or narrow. Petals 4, white, pink, purple,
or yellowish, as long as the sepals or much longer. Stamens 6: pose ovoid
to ellips seid or sagittate. Style very short or obsolete. Pod elongate.—A bout
120 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere.—Spr._sum.—R0OCK-CRESSES.
SPIKED-CRESSES.
Seed winged, sometimes only so at the a
Pods erect, ascending, or Bniaadine. P raight. I. VIRGINICAE.
Pods recurved, nodding, or drooping, curved. II. LAEVIGATAE.
Seed wingless III. LYRATAE
I. VIRGINICAE
Low plants, ultimately much-branched at the base and diffuse:
lower leaves B deeply pinnatifid blades 1. A. virginica.
Taler plants, ple or sparingly br ached ‘at the base, erect or
nearly 25s SONET leaves with merely bu blades
Stem and leaves P ide d pubescent: pod Sp cadino:
sepals becoming long: BEI. broadly spatulate. 2. A. patens.
Stem ed leaves Inconspicuouets pubescent: pod erect: sepals
ec
becoming 2 long: petals narrowly spatulate
Petals fully twice as long as the sepals: anthers sagit-
tate: pod 4.5 em. long or more: style 1 mm. long. 3. A. georgiana.
Petals less than twice as long as the sepals: anthers
ovoid: pod 4 em. long or less: style obsolete. 4. A. ovata.
II. LAEVIGATA
Outer sepals narrow, linear » elliptietinear: iene glabrous,
mostly glaucous: pod 1-2 wide.
Se a PO R broadly winced all around: petals 6-8
. long. 5. A. Burkii.
BRASSICACEAE
Seed oblong, winara a the apex, margined on the sides:
petals 4-4.5 mm 6. A. laevigata.
Outer sepals broad, e to elliptic-ovate: plant pubescent, at
least below: pod 2.5-3.5 mm. wide. 7. A. canadensis.
III. LYRATAE
Blades of the basal leaves toothed: stem and leaves finely gray-
ish- pubescent : petals slightly longer fun the sepals: anthers
ovoid: pod finely pubescen
Blades of the basal lo de lyrate-pinnatifid : stem and leaves
glabrous or nearly so: pe wice as long as the sepals:
anthers sagittate: pod glabro 9. A. lyrata.
1. A. virginica (L.) ws Stem branched at the base, the branches
ascending or decumbent, 1-4 dm. tall, sparingly short- bin or nearly gla-
9o
A. dentata.
long: petals white, spatulate, 2.5-3 mm.
long: anthers ovoid, apicula ae pod ascend-
ing, linear, 2-3 em. long, less than 2 mm.
wide, deris Sed sah orbicular, about 1
in meter, narrowly winged. [A.
m MN c. A. Meyer]— Sandy or stony
soil, woods, prairies, Mops places, and cult.
Sor various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Kans., and Pa.—Spr
Stem
broached at ore 2 3-7 dm. tall, Hie e ascending, closely hirsute: cauline
leaves 2-7 cm. long, hirsute; blades ov ate, oblong, or la pee paria da ies
ses sile and da asping: sepa als o oblong to ovate-elliptie, becoming 5—6 long:
petals white, pag ee 7 pep 6-10 in Pu nS p apiculate:
pod spreading or ascending, very Snell. , 2.5-4 em. long, abou
Él straight or slightly eurved: seed e elliptic, 01 T: Bor m. long, ese
ged.—Roeky river-banks, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to
Mo. S Minn., and Pa.—Spr.
3. A. georgiana Harper. Stem 9 dm. tall or less, yid hirsute below, with
few erect mostly basal branches: erc leaves 3- 9c . long; bright green,
Spars ud pubescent on the lower surface and margin tae reg eee -lanceolate
to lanceolate or li nis eeolate, acute or acutish, entire, or remote ME nd
saliently dentieulate, m ev a elasping: raceme rather lax: sepal elli ip-
tie to elliptic-ovate, becom ing 3 mm. long: es white, vede 6—10
mm. long: anthers sagittate, apiculate: Hes . long: pod ereet, lin inear-
filiform, 4.5-7 em. long, about 1 . wide: Bu arse Aliptie, about 1.5
mm. long, narrowly winged. "Shaded river bans Appalachian Valley, Ga. and
Ala.—Spr.
4, A. ovata Miehx. Stem 1 m. tall or less, simple or with few erect or ascend-
ing branehes, short-hirsute or nearly glabrous: cauline leaves d or ascending,
1-6 em. long, often pubescent; blades ovate, e elliptie, or lanceolate, entire or
dentate, sessile, slightly au 2d and elasping: sepals elliptie, “becom ing 2—2.5
mm. Pe petals greenish or greenish-white, spatulate, 3-4 mm. long: anthers
ovoid, acute: pod erect or nearly so, 2.5—4 em. long, about 1 mm. wide straight
seeds “broadly oblong, nearly 1.5 mm. long, aie broadly winge ed. [A. hirsuta
(Fl SE. U. S. D or sandy soil, pou provinces N of Coastal Plain,
Ga. to Calif., B. C. and Newf.—Spr.—fal
572 BRASSICACEAE
5. A. Burkii d Small Stem nearly 1 m. tall or less, glabrous and
ometim laucous, simple or with few erect ben cauline s elliptic
or MiB DUDEN CCo uc to lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 1.5—6 c ong, a
or aeutish, entire or saliently toothed, sessile and uu Pens m d
at the me comp
Ea -elliptie, be rd 4.5—5.5 mm. long, obtuse: petals white or yellow-
tinged, TES "spatu ulat epa mm. bn Pisis sagittate, acute: pod drooping,
narrowly | linear, 7-9 m ong, curved, 2 mm. wide or less: seed suborbicular,
1-1.5 mm. in dia BM ae peer all around. j vi
Porter]-—Dry hillsides or bluffs, various provinces "N of Coastal Plain, N. C.
to Mo. and Vt.—Spr.
Q
D
$
&
eL
TA
a%
2
im
E
3S
laevigata (Muhl.) Poir. ae em 1 tall or less, glaucous, glabro
ith erect or ascending branches: cauline p^ ves Yos a to lanceo ae or
linear-lanceolate C dun us or saliently few-toothed, sessile o
-— clasping: rac eme ‘strict : sepals linear to linear elliptic, ‘becomin ng 3 5-4
m. long, obtuse: petals white, spatulate, 4-5 m p ng: s rounded at
the apex: pod drooping, very narrowly linear, ele long, n ved, less than
2mm. wide: seed elliptic, about 2 mm. long, wing- margine ed on sides, de-
cidedly pe at the apex.—Woods Ed rocky ae various Se rarely
Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ark., N. D., Ont., and Que
7. A. canadensis L. aoe m. tall or less, usually sparingly ee a
least below oe or with ascending branches: cauline leav -12 e
long, o often sparingly nukes scent; blades oblanceolate, -ellipti Or P ne
thin, entire, sinuate or dentate- serrate, cg eae e base, sessile: sepals
broadly elliptic, becoming about 3.5 mm. long, Au. petals greenish-
white, oblanceolate, 5-6 mm. long: indc ‘oblong, obtuse or minutely pointed:
pod drooping, narrowly linear, 5-7.5 em. long, 3-4 mm. wide, oe see
orbicular- reniform, about 3 mm. in diameter, broadly winged.—(SICKLE-POD.)—
Rocky D oe provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Minn., and
Ont.—Spr.—
8. A. dentata T. & G. e 2—6 dm. Nr finely e: M ier usually
branehed at the base and often with as endin ng branehes abov auline leaves
1.5-6 em. long, pubescent; ‘blades oblanceolate o ‘elliptio ole or elliptic-
lan d pa i dentate, sessile, auricled and elasping: sepals elliptie,
1.5-2 m
becoming 1. ong, often sparin gly DD escent: ar ns spatulate,
. 2.5-8 mm. long: a puer ovoid, obtuse or hon sh: pod s eading, dudo]
linear, 2-3 em. long, about 1 mm. wide, straight: seed elliptic, fully 1 m
long, wingless.—Rich woods and river- e) various provinces N of NEU
Plain, Tenn. to Kans., Minn., and N. Y.—Spr.
. lyrata L. Stem usually branched at the base, the BM erect or
ascending, 1—4 dm. tall, glabrous or finely hirsute e he base: eauline leaves
1-3 em. lon , glabrous, spatulate to linear, or r the lower ones individually
irregularly toothed : sepals elliptic, becom ing 2.5 mm. long, obtuse: petals
spatulate, 7—9 mm. long: anthers ue ud or ovate- dur abruptly
brin tod: pod ascending, narrowly linear, 2-3 em. long, abou mm. wide,
nearly dis seed ee less than 1.5 mm. long, ingless A DRE ROCK-
CRESS.)— Cliffs, wet rocks, and sandy soil, various provinces, N. C. to Mo.,
Man., and O MIS
29. SOPHIA Adans. Annual or perennial herbs or shrubby plants,
densely fine- E o Leaf-blades 2-pinnatifid or dissected. Sepals 4, early
deciduous. Petals 4, yellow or yellowish, SF longer than the sepals or
shorter. Anthers pies e ovoid. Style very short. Pod elongate.—About
20 species of wide geographic fed one eo TANSY-MUSTARDS.
BRASSICACEAE 573
5o narrowly linear, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 1 mm. wide, curved up-
ard. 1. S. Sophia.
Pod “elliptic or an De 5-14 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide,
straight or nearl
Foliage densely pane coats pedicels horizontal: pod ascending. 2. S. pinnata.
Foliage glabrate or sparingly canescent.
P d pod horizontal. 3. S. millefolia.
Pedicel ascending: pod nearly erect. 4. S. intermedia.
1. S. Sophia (L.) Britton. Stem 3-7.5 dm. tall, hoary-canescent: leaf-blades
2-3 pinnatifid, the segments linear to elliptic- ‘linear: 2 linear to lanceolate,
about 1.5 mm. long: petals mainly shorter =
E. ar: pod wi
ERB-S IX
e plaees, various desir Pg about
asia. and from N. Y. to Nebr., Ont., and
N, B. Nat. of Eu.
2. S. pinnata (Walt.) Britton. Stem 3.5-7
dm. tall, hoary- M E leaf-blades 2-3-
pinna atifid, the segments linear to elliptie-
linear: sepals linear re lanceolate, about 1.5
mm. long: petals mainly shorter than the
sepals: ovary linear: pod with seeds in 1
row. [Sisymbrium canescens Nutt.]—Cult.
grounds and waste places, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and Va.
3. S. millefolia Rydb. Stem ed taller and less leafy than in S. pinnata,
and nearly glabrous: leaf- d pis 5—10 em. long, les cd ade than in
S. : sepals about s ng: petals About d ong as sepals:
pinnata:
ovary eee oblong: ied eres 7-9 mm. long, the pee in P TOWS.—
Dry soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ky. to
. S. intermedia Rydb. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, nearly glabrous, or B oan
pubescent and glandular: leaf-blades pinnately- Ld el F -pinnatifid, the
ments linear to elliptic: ee out 1.5 m ong: pet s about as long. as
the sepals: ovary elliptic: pods linear or elliptie or a "a 8-1 EA
the seeds in 1 row w.—Dry w various provinces W of Blue Ri de "Tenn.
Tex., Calif., B. C. and Min
30. WAREA Nutt. Slender epis herbs. Leaf-blades entire. n
4, narrow. Petals 4, white, rose, or purple, each abruptly narrowed into a
slender claw. Stamens 6: anthers Rus to elliptic sagittate. Style duds
Pod very narrow, thick, long-stipitate.—Following are the only known species.
mag ys cuneately narrowed at the base: claw of the petal pectinate fimbriate.
Stipe of the pod longer than the pedicel: petal-blade obo- .
T or cuneate, 1. W. cuneifolia.
d md ii pod shorter than the pedicel: petal-blade sub-
2. W. Carteri.
Leaf-blades ion nded or auricled at the base
ades not auricled at the base: Detabelaw granular-
3. W. sessilifolia.
Leaf-blades auricled at the base: petal-claw erose-toothed. 4. W. amplecifolia.
W. cuneifolia (Muhl) Nutt. Plant 3-12 dm. tall: leaf- ei cuneate to
RUE or linear-cuneate, 1—2.5 em. lo e sepals a abo pu E inu petals
S purple or bluish, 5.5—6.5 mm Ter e claw minute : pedicels
becoming 4—6 mm. long: pod-body 3 3-4 em. E a bo Plain, Fla.
to Ala. EO S. C.—Spr.-
574 BRASSICACEAE
Carteri Small. Plant 4—15 dm. tall:
rly so, 5-6 mm. long,
nently den d ‘glandular. Rod p
cels oo 9-12 mm. long: pod-body 5-6 È
em. long.—Pin Sands serub, and sandhills,
S me Fla.-—All yea
3. ssilifolia Nash. Plant 3-6 dm. tall:
leatt ‘blades ovate to B lanceolate, 1-2 em. |
long, sessile: sepals 6.5-7.5 m m. long: petals i
pink, 5-6 mm. long, the blade ‘suborbicular,
ng,
the elaw minutely engin coe ed: pedi cels
ovat ng 10-11 mm. long: ovary 13—14 as long as the peak pod-body 3-4 cm.
long.—Sandhills, EA a pinelands, M Fla.—Spr
4. W. amplexifolia abu cw Eros ii dm. e pais Pur hd
to elliptic-lanceolate or o. m. long, elasping: m. lon
petals white, fading pu endi m. long, te blade ee seniform, the
rple
claw erose-toothed: pedicels become: 10-12 m m. long: ovary % a ne s the
stipe: pod 3-4 cm. long.—Dry pinelands and sandhills, E Fla on
31. CAKILE d Ludwig. Chiefly d fleshy herbs. Leaf-
blades entire to pinnatifi Sepals 4, succulent. Petals 4, white, pink, or
purple. Stamens 5: an iie rs ovoid. Style very "dde stigma depressed. Pod
of two ici portions.—About 10 ids natives of North America and
Europe.—Spr.-fall, or all year southward.—SEA-ROCKETS.
Lower joint of the pod 2-seeded. 1. C. fusiformis.
Lower joint of the pod 1-seeded.
Upper joint of the pod slender, about as thick as the lower 2. C. americana.
Upper Jont of the pod swollen, much thicker than the o
out lateral proiecho ons at the node, the upper
nt n
od wi -ridged p : 3. C. edentula.
Pod with A 6-10-ridged upper joint.
Facial ridges of the upper joint 8, 4. C. Harperi.
Facial ridges of the upper joint 6 "a EC rounded:
Upper joint -ri x ed. 5. C. Chapman.
Upper joint 10-ridged. 6. C. lanceolata.
Pod with 2 lateral projections at the node, the upper joint
much constricted. 1. C. Cakile.
iformis Greene. Plant Eur
S
. long: pod 1.5-2.5 em. long; the upper
joint subulate to bn cda subulate.—Sandy
shores and sand-dunes, pen. Fla. and the Keys
to Miss.
2. C. americana Nutt. Plant erect or
spreading: leaves 2.5-7 cm. lon EUR blades:
pcd to spatulate, toothed n ar the
apex metimes slightly in PUR sepals
fusiform. —Beaches, S. C. ? to Conn.; also
Great Lake Region
CAPPARIDACEAE 575
edentula (Bigel.) Hook. Plant erect or decumbent: leaves 2—16 cm. long;
blades D to elliptic-lanceolate or rarely ovate, coarsely toothed or lobed:
sepals becoming 3-3.5 mm. long: petals 4.5—6.5 mm. long: eee e long, the
upper ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid. —Beach sands, Fla. to La
ri Small. Similar to C. edentula in habit: leaves 3-11 cm. long;
blades tle to apices. crenate or incised-crenate: sepals becoming
tals 4-5 mm. long: pod 2-2.5 em. long, the upper joint
spei conie Ri ire beaches, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.
anii Millsp. Plant spreading or prostrate: leaves 2—10 em. long;
blade Kx DES to ge bap edi to ud toothed: sepals. becoming
3.5—4 mm. long: petals mm. long: pod 1.5-2 em. long, the up er joint
fusiform-lanceolate eee -SAP. pitting sand, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.
6. C. Deae ips e Sehulz. Plant spreading or proeumbent:
SA 3—9 c ; blades s e to broadly linear or lanceolate, 3-8
long, dicet Or r dentate, or the lower d nsu sepals becoming 3. 5-4 m
long: ‘petals 4-7 mm. long: pod 1.7-2 em. long, the upper joint conic or ovoid-
conic.—Coastal id: dunes and shores, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.
C. A., S. "
C. Cakile (L. Kar "1 Plant spreading: leaves 4—11 em. long; blades
NE zd segments linear: sepals becoming 4—11 mm. long: petals 6—8
mm. long: pod about 2 em. song, the upper joint mitre like —-About seaports,
Fla. to Ala., and N. J. Nat. of Eu.
Famity 4. CAPPARIDACEAE—Caprrr FAMILY
erbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite.
Flowers perfect, in racemes or cymes, or solitary. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals.
Corolla of 4 or 5, often unequal, petals. Androecium of 4-6 stamens or
more. Gynoeeium of 2 united carpels. Fruit capsular, baccate. Seeds
eonduplieate.—A bout 35 genera and 450 species, widely distributed.
‘Herbs or herbaceous plants: fruit a 2-valved capsule.
Receptacle neither elevated nor DE LM or without an appendage.
ppendage present: filaments distin
Petals very un R arely clawed:* capsule with
deciduous valves 1. ALDENELLA.
cs: noe equal, long-clawed : : capsule ean
r the 2. POLANISIA.
Appe nda aes sands. : filaments united below. 3. CLEOME.
Receptacle pide or elongate. 4. NEOCLEOME.
Shrubs or tree fruit baecate, or a pulpy capsule, sometimes
DDCHIBE ceca rly. 5. CAPPARIS.
1. ALDENELLA Greene. Herbs. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate, except some
of the upper ones, the leaflets very narrow. Sepals 4, reflexed. Petals 4,
unequal, the posterior pair before a solid
e
slender. Capsule narrowly linear. One species.
1. A. tenuifolia (T. & G.) Gre reene. Stem
2-8 dm. tall: leaflets 1—4 em. 2 long; blades
ar filif
2. m the
ones 6-8 mm Iga ng; blades oval or ovate,
G.]— — Ser ub,
and sand hills, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
576 CAPPARIDACEAE
and Ga.—Spr.-fall.—Thereé is much variation in the size of the flower, and in the
sepals. One pair of sepals may be ovate and the other lanceolate. Sometimes all
are ovate or ovate-lanceolate.
2. POLANISIA Raf. Herbs. Leaf-blades simple or 3-foliolate. Sepals
4, spreadin ng. Petals 4, white or pink, somewhat unequal, long-elawed, the
S
ns : ovoid.
sessile or ton S0: 8 vie slender. Capsule
linear or linear-oblong—About 30 species,
natives of temperate and tropical regions.
1. P. E Raf. Plant 1-8 dm. tall:
leaflets 1. 5-3.5 em. long; blades elipti or
obovate: lower porem 3- ju pud sepals
elliptic ‘to lanceolate, abou peo ng:
petals 4-5 mm. long: ncs p m -cune-
ate: Vaid linear- -elliptic, 3- 7 em. long.—
(CLAMMY PIDER-ROS WORM-
WEED. )— Fields, roadsides, "ig rivers dde S,
ind ba ate T nS., Es Que; and Md.—Sum. P. trach
sperma T. & G. with flowers about + Eo e size of those of P. graveolens d
T stamens, has been a near "Dadeville, Ala.
3. CLEOME L. Herbs. Leaf-blades 3-7 foliolate. Sepals 4, pod
Petals 4, white or pink, nearly equal, End -clawed. Gland wanting. mens
6, borne on the gynophore; anthers elliptic. Ovary long- oe nen al-
most wanting. Capsule linear. [Gynandropsis DC.|—About 12 cud natives
of tropieal regions.—Sum.-fall or all year S.—SPIDER FLOWER
Bracts 3-foliolate: sepals oo petals 1-1.5 cm. long: stipe of the capsule
shorter than the gynophor 1. C. gynandra.
B aar sepals glabrous : petals 2.5-3.5 em. long: stipe
apsule many times longer than the gynophore. 2. C. speciosa.
1. C. gynandra L. Stem glandular- r and with scattered long hairs:
leaflets 3-5; blades E oval, elli iptie, or ovate, the larger ones 2-8 cm.
M
long or less: seed
sharply tubereulate.
phylla | Sehrank.] — (SPID
grounds, waste-places, and roadsides, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga. Nat. of the Old
World.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
C. speciosa H. B. K. Stem glabrous or
acd pubescent: leaflets 5—7; blades
pond Li narrowly d the longer
. long, often long-aeumi
euis
rous: eorolla 5—7 cm. in diameter, pink:
eapsule-body 6—10 em. long, Te stipe half as long as the body or more:
nearly or quite 3 mm. in diameter, abd tuberculate.—W aste-places p
cult. grounds, Fla. Nat. "of Cont. Tro op. Am
CAPPARIDACEAE 577
4. OCLEOME Small. Herbs or somewhat woody plants. Leaf-
blades s foliolate. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4, bright-pink, nearly equal,
slender-clawed. Receptacle produced into a long gland. Stamens 6, or rarely 4,
borne i the gynophore: anthers elliptic. Ovary long- stipitate: style want-
ing or nearly so. Capsule narrow, the valves linear.—About 70 species,
natives, wena of tropical regions.—SPIDER-FLOWERS.
Bracts more or less ENTER sepals subulate: corolla 4-5 cm. w oo
spin
Bracts minute or obsolete: sepals elliptie to lanceolate-elliptic :
corolla about 2 em. wide: capsule-body many times longer than
the very short stipe. 2. N. serrata.
1. N. spinosa (L.) Small. Stem glandular: leaflets 5-7; blades pubescent, the
terminal one elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, entire: flowers numer-
ous, buds clav pals 5-7 mm. long:
petals 2.5—3 . long: eapsule-body 5-8 c
ong, the stipe filiform: seed n
grounds, and roadsides, various provinees,
res to Tex., Mo., and N. Y. Nat. of trop.
— (0. W.) Bat —fall, or all year S.
2. N. serrata (Jaeq.) S Stem glab-
rous: leaflets 3; blades ppm the termi-
nal one ovate-lanceolate, 4—14 em. long, shal-
owers
5. CAPPARIS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs, frees: or vines. Leaf-blades simple,
entire. Sepals 4 or 5, often spreading or reflexed. Pet als 4 or 5, sessile, white.
Receptacle unappendaged. Stamens numerous: anthers elliptic to linear.
Ovary long-stipitate: style wanting. Capsule sometimes baccate, often toru-
lose.—About 150 species, natives of tropical and subtropical regions.—NSpr.
Leaves glabrous; blades reticulate: capsule glabrous. 1. C. flexuosa.
Leaves scaly ; blades not reticulate: capsule scaly. 2. C. cynophallophora.
1. C. flexuosa L. Shrub or small tree: leaf- pee os to elliptic cuneate,
mainly 5-8 em. long: sepals suborbicular: coroll 5-7.5 em. wide: fru it-
body mostly 10-20 em. long. [C. cynophal- E
lophora L. 1759.]—(BAY-LEAVED CAPER-
` TREE. )—Coastal NC E a S pen. Fla. and
the Keys,—(W. I., C. A., S. A.)
2. C. cynop P An L. Shrub or small
inly
high and e
peratur of the coastwise kitehenmiddens of
Flori da. enables these tropieal eaper-trees to
grow far up the peninsula.
37
578 MORINGACEAE
Faminy 5. MORINGACEAE-—HonzsERADISH-TREE FAMILY
Trees. Leaves alternate: blades 2-3-pinnate. Flowers perfect,
slightly irregular, panicled. Calyx of 5 unequal sepals borne on the edge
of the cup-shaped hypanthium. Corolla of 5 petals resembling the sepals,
the lower petal reflexed, the upper one erect-spreading. of
5 stamens, borne on the hypanthium, and 5 staminodia. Gynoecium 3-
earpellary. Ovary stipitate, with 3 parietal placentae, Fruit an elongate
capsule. Seeds 3-winged or wingless.—One gen
MORINGA Juss. Trees, with spreading branches. Panicles axillary,
Turn Pods drooping.—Three known species.
1. M. SETA CL) Millsp. Tree becom-
ing 11 m ed leaves 3-6 cm. long; leaflets
-2 em.
tong; ; adde er owered: sepals linear
elliptic-linear, 9-10 mm. long: petals usu-
all
sule 2.5-3.5 dm. long: seed 3-winged, the
body fu ully 1 em. long.— ( HORSERADISH-
i nd
The roots have the odor s wes bpm
The seeds produce a fixed o
ORDER SARRA SARRACENIAL ORDER
Insectivorous, usually seapose herbs, with viseid-fluid secreting tissues.
b 3
aves alternate, various, rm, or with dilated, sometimes sensitive
1 (0)
blades, or hollow. Flowers usually perfect and regular. of distinct
sepals. Corolla of distinct petals. Androecium of few or E stamens.
Gynoecium of 2-5 united earpels. Ovary 1-celled, with 3-5 parietal or
basal placentae, or 3-5-eelled. Fruit capsular. Endosperm fleshy.
Ovary 1-celled, with a basal placenta or parietal pracenta©) not surmounted by a
peltate disk : leaves with filiform or dilated bla B
Styles distinct: stigmas 2-lobed: placentae parietal
‘stamens 4-8, usually Fam. 1. DROSERACEAE.
en et Ero pinnatifid : placentae basal:
Fam. 2. DIONAEACEAE.
Ovary Pa celled with central placentae, surmounted by
a peltate disk: leaves with hollow blades. Fam. 3. SARRACENIACEAE.
Famity d. DROSERACEAE—SvuNpEw FAMILY
Annual, biennial, or perennial, glandular-pubescent herbs. Leaves
eireinate in the bud, merely filiform or with broad blades. Flowers spicate
or racemose. Calyx of 4-8 persistent sepals. Corolla of 4—8 petals, or
rarely of 1-3 petals. Androecium of 4-8, usually 5, distinct stamens.
Capsule loculicidally 3—5-valved——About 5 genera and 90 species, widely
distributed. |
DROSERACEAE 579
1. DROSERA L. Annual or perennial scapose herbs. Leaves clustered.
Scape nodding at the apex. About 5 species, most abundant in Australia.—
Corolla white or pink.—SUNDE
Leaves spreading, with petioles and blades: corolla white or pink.
I. ROTUNDIFOLIAE.
mous erect, elongate, bladeless phyllodia: corolla rose-
hite.
urple, or rarely Ww II. FILIFORMES.
I. ROTUNDIFOLIAE
Scape En ni ee
1. D. brevifolia.
Scape glabrou
Corolla a pink 2. D. capillaris.
Corolla wh
Le eres spatulate: seed ellipsoid. 3. D. intermedia.
eaf-bl a suborbicular or wider than long: seed
spindle-shaped. 4. D. rotundifolia.
. II. FILIFORMES
Leaves filiform, copiously glandular. 5. D. Tracyi.
. brevifolia Pursh. Plant 10-15 em. tall: leaves mainly 1-1.5 em. long;
blades cuneate, with short iuum petioles: sepals becoming 3-3.5 mm. long:
corolla white, 11-1 psule
Damp pinelands, low de woods, d Bd
swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and
Va.—Spr.—W hole erat sometimes red
a usn Plant 5—40 em. tall:
ong; blades broadly spatu-
sepals becoming a about 3 ong: rolla Ven ¥
pink, 7-9 mm. wide: nies: aie ea posts
ie "the Bener seed oval, scarcely 0.5 mm.
— (PINK-SUNDEW .)—Dam p, acid, sandy `
plates Pru cm Fla. to Tex. and 5.
C.— (W. I.) —Spr.-fal
3. D. rmedia Hayne. Plant 5-20 dm. tall: leaves 2-6 cm. long: pc
linear- Panes ar long glabrous petioles: sepals becoming 5-5.5
long: corolla white, 10-12 mm. wide: capsule scarcely as long as the Rd
oc oblong- eylindric, about 0.8 mm lori ng. [D. longifolia Michx. not L.]—
.)— Bogs T moist, acid, aaa de various provinces,
Sia to La., Man., and Newf.— (W. I., O. W.) — — Sum.-fal
4. P Plant d em. tall: leaf- hn bi drip or reni-
for eape glabrous: sepals becoming 5-6 m us eis wide:
capsule slightly t ur Ls ae. seed fus L. ae — (DEW
ifor pe lon
PLANT. ROUNDLEAF SUNDEW.)—Moist, acid, sc soil, pe and sandy
swamps, various provinces, "Fla. to Calif., Alas. , Ont, and Lab.—(0. W.)—
Sum.-fall.
. Tracyi Macfarlane. Plant mostly 3-6 em. tall: d coarse- Mrd da.
wid
mostly over 1 mm e: lower pedicels ses than the arte r becoming so
in age: sepals becom ing 5-6 mm. long: petals 15-17 mm. lo ong: anthers about
2.5 mm. long: capsule broadly obovoid. ibn, d [D. fili 48
mm. pe aform
(Fl. SE. U. 8. in part. 2d -THREADS.) —Low Pinelands, Coastal Plain,
N Fla. to La. and S. C.—
580 DIONAEACEAE
Famity 2. DIONAEACEAE—Venvus’-riytrap FAMILY
Perennial glabrous herbs. Leaves conduplicate and inflexed in the
bud, the blade folding lengthwise. Flowers corymbose. Calyx of 5 per-
sistent sepals. Corolla of 5 petals. Androecium of 10-20 stamens united
a ase. Gynoecium of 5 united carpels. Fruit an irregularly opening
capsule. Seed shining.—One genus and one species.
DIONAEA Ellis. Erect herbs. Leaves basal, arching-decumbent.
Petioles winged. Petals white, marcescent. Capsule erect.
1. D. muscipula Ellis. Leaves 4-15 cm. long: petioles spatulate or obovate,
naked: blades suborbicular to reniform, long-ciliate: scapes 1-4 dm. tall:
— 7-9 mm. long: petals cuneate, 11-13 ey
mm. long, truncate and erose at the a apex:
capsule ovoid, 3-4 long.— (FLYTRAP.
VENUS ’-FLYTRAP P.) T an nde bogs, Pod
and low pi Pars usually in acid soil,
Coastal Pla
E S. C. and N. 6 pr.
The o unus i a of the flytrap are
the three irritable cilia on the face of each
as lobe which transmit s stimulus that
uses the paired lobes to snap shut on an
M. and the eyelash-like cilia of the lobes Jj:
which (os together like the fingers when j-°
one's hands are folded, thus mere sure
the un is n held.
. Faminy 3. SARRACENIACEAE-—PrrCHER-PLANT FAMILY
Perennial bog herbs, living to some extent on decaying insects and
leaves which have fallen into the tubular or pitcher-like leaves. Flowers
perfect, nodding. Calyx of 5 persistent sepals, accompanied by 3 bracts.
Corolla of 5 deciduous petals. Androecium of numerous stamens. Gynoe-
ium of 5 united carpels. Fruit a 5-valved eapsule.—Three genera and 10
species, all Ameriean.
1. SARRACENIA [Tourn.] L. Acaulescent herbs with horizontal root-
stoeks. ibn basal, ereet or decumbent, hollow, with a ventral ridge or wing
and a terminal expansion or hood, green, yellow, or purple, or variegated;
d i pitcher-like or trumpet-like, sometimes present. Flowers on grees
hollow scapes. Stigmas hooked, under the angles of the umbrella-like ex-
pansion of the style.—A bout 8 species, natives of eastern North America.—
EVE’S-CUPS. FROG-BONNETS. BoG-BUGLES. PITCHER-PLANTS. TRUMPETS.—
Spr.-sum.—Natural hybrids observed and described are cited under the species
following. There are many artificial hybrids. The morphology of the leaf is
such that insects are entrapped and digested, thus furnishing material which
the plant uses for nourishment. Some species have phyllodia in winter.
Leaves (pitchers) decumbent, relatively short. I. PURPUREAE,
Leav E: d ue A uei elon ate
open, ast not closely covered by the hood:
Betals yellow ics m-eolored or re II. FLAVAE.
Orifice closely. ‘covered by the arched cucullate hood:
petals clear-yellow III. MINORES.
SARRACENIACEAE 581
I. URPUREAE
Pitchers fea oman hood erect, reniform, opening outward,
the orifice terminal. 1. S. purpurea.
Biden tubular- elata hood globose-cueullate, opening
ard, the orifice lateral. 2. S. psittacina.
II. FLAVAE
Hood flat, green, more or less Meurs with purple: flower
small, the o less than 4 cm
ood with m r less reflexed sided, yellow, yellow-green,
ao Pate. or dark-r s often red- veined ; flower
arge, the o over 4 cm. long.
Hoal mottled green and whi ite and purple-veined: petals
Sa
S. rubra.
4. S. Drummondii.
Hood yellow or yellow-green, or dark-red in a variety of
S. flava, veinless or red-veined.
Petals Cee or ao -colored, or dark-red in a va-
S.
Ho jod reniform or orbicular-reniform : petals yellow
or rarely red in isolated colonies. 5. S. flava..
ood us sometimes broadly so: petals cream-
colored. 6. S. Sledgei.
Petals dark-red. T. S. Jones.
III. MINORES
Plant growing in mps and colonies, Mr dk on ac-
count of the PN tops and backs 'of the leave 8. S. minor.
1. S. purpurea L. Leaves 1-2 dm. long, evergreen, decumbent, in a basal
rosette, ob um I purple: pitcher ventricose, with a half- obovate
or half- dre das e wing, the orifiee not con-
traeted: hood ereet, re pedi rm, proe otehed
at the apex: BE erec 2-4 dm. tall:
flower 5-6 em. broad: exa ovate, about 3
em. long, obtuse: petals fiddle-shaped, 4—5
em. long, obtuse, purple: style-disk 3—4 em.
broad, the lobes notehed: capsule about 1.5
( |
.— ER-PLANT. NDIAN
PIT FLYT SIDESADDLE-PLANT
ADAM ’S-PITCHER NTSMAN ’S-CU RE-
FATHER ’S-C DEviL's-BooTS.) — Sphag-
inces, N Fla. to La., Man. and Newf.—
Spr. — Hybridizes with S. flava zxS.
Cates baei; also with S. Drummon Kee The
representative of this species in our region
ies from ‘that further north in having much shorter and broader n
an found on further study to be a distinet species, in which ease it
should bear the name S. venosa Rafinesqu e.
2. S. psittacina Michx. iE : a 5 dm. long, evergreen, in a pn rosette,
is ap especially above, white spots an nd purple veins: piieher
tubular-clavate, with a broad half. dd p wing: hood strongly aa in-
flated, ER. ucullate: scape erect, 2—4 4 tall: silvia 3-5 em. ee
2-2.5 ©
sepals ova ‘long, abet ’ petals 3 —4 dm. long, rounded or retus
at the pen i uud siyle-disk about 3.5 cm. broad, the D p eleft: "Cae
—14 m n dia —(PARROT PITCHER-PLANT. )—Lowlands, Coastal Plain,
N Fla. i La. a a Spr 1. Hybridizes with S. m
3. S. rubra Walt. Leaves 1—4 dm. long: trumpets nearly tubular or narrowly
trumpet-shaped, narrowly w inged, pois rus t the throat, slightly paler
above, and, like the ovate acute or a e finally pi hood, fain 2 pn
late with purple: seape erect, ict "taller Ee the leaves: 3—5
broad: sepals ovate, 2-2.5 cm. long, obtuse: petals 3-4 cm. lop. reddish.
582 SARRACENIACEAE
purple, bp obovate 2 pea -disk 3-3.5 em. broad, the lobes eae at
the apex: capsule abou in diameter.— (SWEET PITCHER-PLANT Bogs
and low pinelands, an Plain and adj. Piedmont, W Fla. to S
—BSpr.—Flowers very fragra
S. REDEE Croom. Leaves erect, EE trumpets narrowly s
er 2 dm. long, slightly winged (or metimes all wing and no tube),
the upper Ee gradually expanding, white, Miren with purple, like the pisc.
ovate or suborbieular hood, whose margins are undulate above and recurved
below, the ud of the pitcher revolute: scape erect, scarcely poc "im the
Lind ves: flowers 7—9 cm. broad: sepals ovate, 5-6 cm. long, obtuse: petals fiddle-
haped, 57 em. Long, n style-disk 5-6 cm. broad, the lobes 2-cleft:
T 2.5-3.5 cm. in diameter.—(PURPLE-TRUMPET. FIDDLER'S-TRUMPET.)—
Sandy dd Coastal “Pla ain, mW la. to Miss., and W Ga.—Spr.—Hybridizes
with S. Man i
: r
his name has not been a ed because he based it on a mere description by
Robin, e seeing actual specimen
b. S. flava L. Leaves (summer) erect, elongate: trumpet-shaped, narrowly-
winged, 5-13 dm. tall, gradually expanding above, the edges revolute, -
upper part, as well as the very broad apiculate hood which is 8-1 2
broad, often bright-yellow, more or less a edad with decine or purple ns
winter leaves eonsisting of wing without tube hood: seape about as tall as
the leaves: flower 10—12 cm. broad: sepa als widest at the ada, 4—5 em. long,
rounded at the broad apex: petals er hare em. g: blades nar-
rowly obovate, o xd ener to t liptie claw, scarcely widened at th
base: style-disk 7-9 cm. broad, the pre 2-cleft at the apex: capsule about
2 cm. in du UE GOLDEN-TRUMP is " WATCHES. TRUMPET-
LEAF. HUNTSMAN'S-HORN. FLY-CATCHERS 5 Wet ee Coastal Plain,
Piedmont, and S end of Appalachians, N Fla. t a.—Spr.—Hy-
bridizes with S. minor.—The mountain plant may be a men Species.
6. S. SI edgei Macfarlane. Leaves (summer) erect, rather oar pitchers
narrowly trumpet-shaped, 2-8 dm. long, Slightly expandin g above: hood ovate,
Mp poca straight inconspicuous re ins, these much less branched nnd
n S. flav eape about as tall as the aes sepals widest near the bas
mom B th e narro d t blunt apex, 4—5 cm. long, resembling the Fes in
texture: petals E enun yellow, 5—6 em NS. fiddle- -shaped: blades r hombie-
he the abruptly widened basal portion nearly 2 cm. long, rhombic-obovate
eapsule similar to tha S. flava.—(YELLOW TRUMPETS.)—Wet pc ge
Coastal Plain, Ala. to E Tex--Spr
7. S. Jonesii Wherry. Leaves (summer) rus pce expanded upward,
5 dm
but rather oe bi qon shaped, 3 tall, green, but often
with rather nspicu red veinings. Hood ovate to suborbicular, ee
high over the e orifice, finely inco D ly veined: scape o as the
leaves, at leas aes pid sepals widest nea e base, obtuse, ar cm. Son ng:
petals re red, em. long, fiddle-shaped ; blades orbicular- ok : capsule
about 1.5 c renee —Bogs, wet meadows, and swamps, various provinces,
W. Fla. to "Miss. and N. C:—Spr.
8. S. minor Walt. Leaves erect, 2-10 dm. long, Bids shaped, -o
expanding from the base, variegated at and n top wi an
perp? veins and white or yellowish sear like. DUREE hood. rab es
SARRACENIACEAE 583
ing, incurved over the orifice of bn po seape erect, shorter than
be leaves or Slightly longer: flower 4—6 broad: sepals ovate, A 5-3
. long, obtuse: petals FE fiddle shaped, 4—5 e m. long, rounde d at the
ape, du dim s style-disk 2. em. broad, the jn notehed: capsule
out 1.5 em. broad. [S. variolaris DS . |— (HoopDED eu m
Me ands and hogs, Coastal Plain, Okeechobee region, Fla. to SE N. C.—Spr.—
Hybridizes with S. flava, S. psittacina, S. rubra, and S. 250
ORDER ROSALES-—RosAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, or rarely aquatic plants or vines. Leaves with
simple or compound blades. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx and corolla
present and sometimes irregular, or the latter occasionally, or both rarely,
wanting. Androecium of few or many stamens. Gynoecium of l-several
distinct or united earpels. Fruit various. 4
Aquatic alga-like fleshy herbs, with spathe-like involucres: perianth usually wanting.
Fam. 1. PODOSTEMACEAE.
Terrestrial or swamp plants, without spathe-like in-
volucres: perianth present.
, Endosperm present, usually copious and fleshy:
stipules mostly wanting.
Herbs.
Carpels as many as the sepals: stamens as
many as the sepals or twice as many.
Plants succulent: carpels distinct or-
united at the base, opening lengthwise. Fam. 2. SEDACEAE.
arpels i to
. the middle, circumscissile. Fam. 3. PENTHORACEAE.
han the se A
Staminodia present: earpels 3 4,
wholly united into a i-celled EAE ca
ciu Fam, 4. PARNASSIACEAE,
Staminodia wanting: ehrel mostly 2, .
eee or partially united. Fam. 5. SAXIFRAGACEAE. ~et
Shrubs or tree
Leaves o nose "A Fam. 6. HYDRANGEACEAE.
Leaves alternate.
"Fruit a 2-celled capsule.
Capsule thin-walled, Ot free from
the hypanthiu
Stamens 5: span tium flattish,
not accrescent: leaves without
stipules. Fam. 7. ITEACEAE.
Stamens numerous: hypanthium
hemispheric, inflated in age:
PRAE with stipules, — Opulas- .
Fam. 12. ROSACEAE.
Capsule Sods or thick-walled, mani-
fe d y adnate to the '"hypan-
Calvx 6 or calyx and corolla, pres-
ent: ovule solitary in ,each car-
Del suspended. Fam. 8. HAMAMELIDACEAE.
eun Ssa A wanting : ovules
merous in each
dg horizontal. Fam. 9. ALTINGIACEAE.
ruit a n ‘celled berry. Fam. 10. GROSSULARIACEAE.
Endosperm wanti ing or scant (copious in Opulaster
in Mose USE : eee E presen
Flowers monoe s, in dense capitate clusters. Fam. 11. PLATANACEAE.
- Flowers perfect, pe if monoecious or dioecious,
not in CIR clusters.
l flowers regula
Carpels several ra numerous, or if soli-
tary bec ng an a he
earns distinct, rarely adnate to the,
hyp oa fruit achenes or
follicle
Sepals d petals 5: leaves
mostly alternate. Fam. 12. ROSACEAE.
584 PODOSTEMACEAE
se and petals numerous:
leaves opposite. Fam. 13. CALYCANTHACEAE.
ies united, enclosed by the hy-
anthium and adnate to it: fruit
me Fam. 14. MALACEAE.
Carpel ‘solitary, not becoming an achene.
Ovary with 2 ee leaf-blades
SIE: fruit drupe. Fam. 15. AMYGDALACEAE.
Ovary with a ovules : aL
E a 2-3-pinnate : fruit
legum
Petals B A in the bud. Fam. 16. MIMOSACEAE.
als imbricated in the bud :
leditsia and Ggymmnociadus in Fam. 17. CASSIACEAE.
arly o i egular
in leditsia an Gymnocladus in
CASSIACEAE).
Fruit ee armed with barbed
a dE leaf-blades simple: stipules
Fam.18. KRAMERIACEAE.
Fruit E "I eme or loment: leaf-blades
mpound: stipules usually pres-
Upper petal enclosed by the lateral
ones in the bud. Fam. 17. CASSIACEAE.
Upper petal enclosing the lateral
ones in the bud. Fam. 19. FABACEAE.
FamiIty 1. PODOSTEMACEHAE—RIvER-WEED FAMILY
Aquatic herbs, adhering to rocks, the vegetative organs resembling
the thallus of an alga or a hepatic. Leaves alternate: blades lobed or
decompound. Flowers ae arising from a spathe. Perianth wanting, .
or of 3-5 scale-like or membranous sepals. Androecium of 1—man
stamens. Gynoecium of 2 or 3 united carpels. Fruit capsular—About 21
genera and 175 species, mostly natives of the tropies.
1. PODOSTEMON Michx. Caulescent alga-like herbs. Leaf-blades di-
vided or dissected. Flowers green. Perianth obsolete. Stamens 2. Ovary
2-celled. Capsule unequally 2-valved, one valve persistent.—About 12 species
of wide geographical distribution —Sum.—fall.—RIvER-WEED.
Flower solitary: leaf-segments flatten ed. 1. P. ee
Flowers 2 or 3 together: leaf-segments almost capillary. 2. P. otanoides.
1. P. Ceratophyllum Michx. Plant olive-green, glabrous. Stems 0.5-2 dm.
long, attached to stones in running water by disk-like expansions: fe rigid ;
bl i
ades divided into many nar segments,
the base sheathing the : flower
tary, slender-pedicelled: fila
much longer than vary: capsule oval
— READ-FOOT. J
5 mm. long.—(TH F P
GREEN.)—-Attached to rocks in streams, vari-
ous provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to
Ala., Ont., and N. B.
2. P. _abrotanoides Nutt. Similar to
. — Streams,
Coastal 5 een extending into adj. provinees,
W Fla. o Miss., Tenn., and C Ga.
SEDACEAE 585
Famity 29. SEDACEAEH—OrpinE FAMILY
Herbs, usually succulent, or partially pd plants. Leaves alternate,
opposite, or whorled:. blades thick, ‘flat to terete. Flowers perfect or
dioecious, cymose. C alyx of SEE 46 in sepas. Corolla E as
any petals as sepals, or wanting. A dul a s many stamens as-—
sepals .or- twice-as-many. Gynoecium of as y distinct or partially
united carpels as there are sepals. Fruit follicular. ot 30 genera and
600 species of wide geographic distribution.
Sepals distinct or united only at the base: calyx not inflated.
Petals distinct.
oA distinct: petals not hooded at the apex.
ra many as the sepals. Tribe I. E
Sipi wice as many as the Tribe II. SED
Carpe s united us the middle: petals "hooded. Tribe III. DISMOREHRE:
Petals w ith the ws united into a tube Tribe IV. KALANCHOEAE.
Sepals Gaited into a ele calyx infi ated: Tribe V. BRYOPHYLLEAE.
I. TILLAEAE
Very small annual herbs with opposite leaves. 1. TILLAEASTRUM.
II. SEDEAE
Follicles erect: plant p um by stout, woody-fleshy, mostly
underground caudice
ee ee or polygamous : follicle-beaks stout, short,
2. RHODIOLA.
Flowers perfect: follicle-beaks slender, erect. 3. ANACAMPCNBUR
MEAS widely spreading: plant annual or perennial by fleshy dis
. SEDUM.
III. DIAMOBPHEAE
Diminutive annuals or biennials with wiry stems: corolla pink or purple.
5. DIAMORPHA.
IV. KALANCHOEAE
Rather coarse succulent perennials, growing in tufts, with —
toothed leaves: corolla yellow ; lobes spreading. 6. KALANCHOE.
V. BRYOPHYLLEAE
Coarse succulent herbs, growing in colonies by branching rootstocks.
T. BRYOPHYLLUM.
1. TILLAEASTRUM Britton. Annual small aquatic or mud-inhabiting
herbs. Leaves opposite. Flowers solitary in the axils. Sepals mostly 4.
Petals mostly 4. Stamens free. Carpels
ually 4, distinct. Ovules, or seeds, few-
Ee About 20 species, widely dis-
tributed.
1. T. aquaticum — tae Plant 1-8
em. tall: leaves 4-6 mm ; blades linear-
ew d S about g: petals
[Tilloea € aquati ca L. T. simplex Nutt.|—
(RIVER-LE —Muddy b m various prov-
inees, D e Tex., N. S, Mas s. and Md.,
also in W N. A—Spr- —fal
2. RHODIOLA L. Perennial herbs with woody rootstocks. Leaves alter-
nate: blades flat, sometimes toothed. Flowers dioecious or polygamous, borne
586 SEDACEAE
in a dense terminal eyme. Sepals 4 or 5,
decidedly longer than wide. Petals d or 5,
yellowish, purplish, or greenish. Follicles
erect.—About 8 EROR natives of the north
temperate zone ROSERO OTS
R. roanensis Britton. Plant 1-4 dm. (V
E _tufted: leaf-blades elliptic to euneate
—3.5 em. long, entir
S
uu. : E um Mrd Britton]—
(Pur E. RosEroor.)—Cliffs,
Ho add. soil top of Roan Mt., Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn.—Spr.-sum.
ANACAMPSEROS Mill. Perennial tufted herbs. Leaves alternate:
saa fiat, relatively broad, often toothed. Flowers perfect, in terminal
corymbose cymes. Sepals or 5, mostl
ovate to one Petals 4 or 5, pink or
purple, much longer than the sepals. Fol-
licles 4 or 5, erect. Few species of the Old
World, except the following.
1, A. ag pecan (Michx. ) Haw. Plant 1-4
. dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades mete duode
e :
oro
lanceolate, about 2 mm. long: pe E pale-
pink, elliptie to Ee evum de. 4.5—6
mm. long: follicles 4-5 mm. long. [Sedum
nd rocks, various prov-
inces, N. of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ill, W N.
Y., and D. C. — Sum
SEDUM L. Annual or a fleshy, often stoloniferous herbs.
Dean alternate, opposite, or whorled: blades flat, but thick, turgid or terete,
entire. Flowers perfect, in cymes which are often branched and sometimes
ls
e
ously colored, longer than the sepals. Follicles 4 or 5, spreading, beaked, the
beaks sometimes short.—About 200 species, most abundant in the temperate
and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere.—STONECROPS. SEDUMS.
Sepals deltoid: carpels and follicles short-beaked. 1. S. pusillum.
Se ERE ovate to linear: carpels and follicles long- or slender-
e
Corolla white to
Plant perenni ‘al, a E leafy stolons; dnd me
leaf- ‘blades t thick, but flat or somew zhat tu
es
ulate-obovate blades; leaves of fio owering
stem with obovate to elliptic blades. 2. S. ternatum.
Leaves of the rosettes of the stolons with spatulate
or narrowly cuneate blades; leave the flower-
ing stems with spatulate to cuneate blades. 3. S. Nevii.
SEDACEAE 587
Plant annual, without stolons: petals pink or pinkish:
leaf- blades terete or subterete, linear-filiform or
very narrowly linear.
Le ES linear- ui petals broadly lanceolate :
follicles 6—7 mm. lon 4. S. pulchellum.
Leaf-blades SUbtErCio narrowly linear; petals nar-
ped lanceolate: follicles 4—4.5 mm. long. e a vigilimontis.
. S. acre.
Corolla yellow !
1. S. pusillum Michx. Plant 5-12 em. pu. n. green, the stem glabrous, sim-
ple or branched throughout: leaves 2-9 m Ong; blades spatulate to obovate
or rin. turgid, obtuse: ne. often
eopiously flowered, but not densely so:
pedicel clavate: sepals deltoid, 1 mm. g
arly s cute: pe whi
—(
RPINE.) —Rocks, chiefly granite, Piedmont
ad Blue Ridge, M Ga. to N. C.—Spr.
. S. ternatum Michx. Plant light-green,
with matted branches: leaves various, those
f the sterile shoots whorled near the tip,
alternate api with the bear obovate to
subor ape ostly 1-2 ¢ DE; - a
per ones of "ue flowering Pu
Tu with obovate to TA Sere ' sepals about 5 mm. long: petals
broadly lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long: follicles 5.5-8 mm. ong.—(MOUNTAIN-STONE
C
banks, v arious provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Mo., Mich., and Mas
Spr.—Extensively grazed by sheep in the mountains in winter
3. S. Nevii A. Gray. Plant light-green, with often densely matted branches:
leaves various, those of the sterile shoots alternate, but lap crowded, with
the blades narrowly ¢ cuneate to spatulate, mostly 0.5-2 em. long; the upper
leaves of the flowe ering E hes scatt tered, with cuneate, phun or linear-
m.
spatulate blades: sepals 3-3. ae ong: petals ee owly lanceolate, 5-6 m
long: follicles 44.5 mm. long.—(CLIFF-STONECROP. )—Roc woods, Blue
Ae Appalachian provinces, and rarely Interior "Low and us Plateaus,
Ga. to Mo. and Va.—Spr.
4. S. pulchellum Miehx. Plant 5-30 em. tall, bright-green, the stem branched,
ascending or decu ge E ur TOW wded, terete, linear-filiform o mm
long: flowers erowded o e Vp ee sepals narrowly ovate, '2. ke mm.
long: petals broadly elec ate, 5-6 mm. ed anthers about 1 m pni.
follicles 6-7. i long, relatively pe -beaked — (Rocx-cn ESS. Rock
WiDOW'S CRO s.)—Caleareous rocks, 20m provinces, N of Coastal Plain,
Ga. to Tex., Kans, and W Va.—Spr.—
5. S. vi igilimontis Small Plant 6-15 em. tall, ee. ota pa stems gam or
ascending: leaves numerous, subterete, rca wiy linear, 0.5-2 cm. long: flowers
rather close on the cyme-branches, but id ' sepals “narrowly Da
ie 1.5-2 mm. long: petals wy ed ph ate, 3.5-4 mm. long: anthers
about 0.6 mm. long: follicles 4—4.5 mm. long, relatively Ho bue — Rocks,
lower slopes, Lookout Mt., Ga.—Spr.
6. S. e L. Plant in a depresse ed Rd. the stems very leafy, dct
S. green: leaf-blades very thick, vate, 2-5 mm, long, imbricate: sepals
E 2-2.5 . long: petals TREE HUM "3-6, 5 mm. long: follicles broad, 4-5
pe
m. lo ong or pets shorter, short- beaked.— (MOSSY-STONECROP. GOLD-MOSS.
588 SEDACEAE
W ALL-PEPPER. ae end and stony roadsides, various provinees N of
Coastal Plain, N. C. to Colo., Ont, and N. S. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.—Another
Eno aan od peus rop- Sed wm nh iue often cultivated and
oecasionally escapes ped gardens
DIAMORPHA Nutt. Annual or biennial slender herbs. Leaves alter-
nate: blades nearly terete. Flowers borne in corymbose cymes. Sepals 4 or 5,
about as wide as long. Petals 4 or 5, pink or purple, not contracted below
the middle. Stamens free. Carpels 4 or 5, united to below the middle, wide-
spreading in age.—Following are the only known species.—Spr.—ELF-ORPINES.
Petals elliptic, about twice as long as wide: carpel long-tipped. 1. D. cymosa.
Petals ovate, slightly longer than wide: carpel short-tipped. 2. D. Smalli.
1. D. cymosa (Nutt.) Britton. Plant reddish, e em. tall: leaves 2-5 mm.
long; n ee obtuse: sepals deltoid, pas ut im pii petals elliptic, 3-3.5
carpels lanceolate silla
Nutt.]. EN E chiefly granite, Piedm ont to
Appalachian B bns , Ga S
and N. C.—Flat E n are the
bii habit tats of this plant. When in
, the unusual ni. of the m
fons large pink areas.
:
2. D. Smallii m Plant similar to
that of D. cym but more slender:
sepals ut 0.5 n. long: petals ovate,
2—2.5 : i ek
Sedum piedi. often occurs intima ded
associated with these C^ e M
the growth is abundant e plants of s two genera are sharply diferen-
tiated by their respective Med
KALANCHOE Adans. Perennial tufted succulent herbs, or plants some-
times pos at the base. Leaves opposite: blades simple, usually toothed.
Flowers perfect, borne in corymbose cymes. Calyx 4-lobed, the tube very short.
Corolla much exserted, salverform, the tube usually exceeding the calyx, the 4
lobes spreading. Stamens with united filaments. Follieles 4, erect. bos sule
somewhat swollen.—About 20 species, Afri-
can and Asiatie
1. K. crenata Haw. Plant often tuft ed,
mostly 3—7 dm. tall: leaf-blades obovate,
oval, ovate, or ee 5-12 em. long, ere-
e
2
nate, ho ose er ones narrowed at
the "iis mbose: e pedi-
celled: pere does ices 4-5 mm. long,
minate, minutely glandular- ciliate: cor-
olla yellow: lobes obovate, oval or ovate,
6-8 mm. long, longer than the tube, a
tipped: capsul ie or conic-ovoid,
ong.—H ocks, waste-places
—All
PENTHORACEAE 589
7. BRYOPHYLLUM Salisb. Perennial coarse gregarious herbs. Leaves
opposite: blades simple or pinnately compound. Flowers perfect, borne in
simple or compound cymes. Calyx 4-lobed. l
Corolla exserted, 4-lobed. Follieles 4.—
Four known species, of Asia and Africa.
1. B. pinnatum (Lam.) ES Kurz. Plant
4—15 dm. tall, glaucous: leaves 1-3 dm. lon ng;
blades of ic leaflets e elliptic, erenate: pani-
cles 1-4 dm. long: calyx becoming 3-3.5
ck » and waste s S Fla. Nat.
of bo Asi L; , €. A., E. A.
—All year. S domi B rown in tropical
gardens. Well known for its tenaeity ur life.
The corolla is poet with dark-red streaks.
Famity 3. PENTHORACEAE-—DrrOH-STONECROP FAMILY
Cauleseent plants. "ds alternate: blades toothed. Flowers per-
fect, borne in terminal cym alyx of 5 or 6 sepals. Corolla of 5 or E
inconspicuous veinless Sede or un Androecium of twice as man
stamens as sepals. Gynoecium of 5 or 6 earpels united to the ate
contracted middle. Fruit depressed, the follicle bodies circumscissile near
the base of the free portion.—One genus and one species.
1. PENTHORUM ([Gronov.] L. Perennial herbs with rootstocks.
Flowers greenish-white or yellowish, borne along one side of the oe -branches.
Styles ineurved during anthesis, recurved at -
maturity. Follieles stout, ascending.
1. P. sedoides - Pla an 1-6 dm. eee
bright- diem the stem above, and brane
angled: leaf-bla d gcc elliptie E A
Cho t or lanceolate, 3—15 cm.
long, pee serrate: cyme-branches spread-
ing: flow S eonun s: sepals ovate, about
1.5 mm. jns e eute: eapsule depressed, 4—5
ü : a
mm. br wW
curved style. — (DITCH-STONECROP.
Meadows, d and low grounds, various
pem Fla. to Tex., Minn, and N. B.—
um
j|
FAwiLY 4. PARNASSIACEAE—Grass-or-Parnassus FAMILY
Acaulescent herbs, with glabrous foliage. Leaves basal: blades leath-
ery, entire: petioles usually elongate, erect, dilated at the base. Seapes
simple, each bearing a bract. Flowers perfect, white or pale-yellow, soli-
tary. Calyx persistent: sepals 5, imbricate. Corolla of 5 variously shaped
imbricate, entire or fimbriate, white, often conspicuously nerved, deciduous
petals. Androecium of 5 hypogynous or perigynous stamens alternating
with entire or tufted staminodia. Gynoecium of 3 or 4 united carpels.
590 SAXIFRAGACEAE
Ovary 1-celled, superior or half-inferior, with 3 or 4 parietal placentae.
Styles very short. Stigmas 3 or 4, over the placentae. Fruit a 1-celled
loculicidal capsule, 3—4-valved at the apex. Seeds numerous, winged, the
testa loose.—Represented by the following genus:
1. PARNASSIA L. Perennial herbs with basal or nearly basal leaves.
Flower terminating the seape.—About 15 species, natives of the north tem
perate and arctic regions.—Sum.-fall.—GRASSES-O0F-PARNASSUS. meom
Petals clawless: leaf-blades ovate, elliptic, or orbicular.
Anthers acute : „petals slightly 5—7-veined. . P. grandifolia.
P. caroliniana.
1
S obtuse: petals strongly many-veined. 2.
3. P. asarifolia.
Petals ea eat blades reniform or orbicular-reniform,
P. grandifolia DC. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades oval or ovate, usually
subeordat ate, 3—10 cm. long: T a to oe 4—5 mm. long: petals aia
o oval, 15-20 m rss 4-5 m
os capsule à Ebor d . em. n s, (oom)
—Wet soil, various provinces, la. to Tex
Mo., and Va.
P. caroliniana Michx. Plant 2—4 dm
ov ong.—Swamps and dd
irm pe Plain Fla. to N. C.—Fal
3. P. eee ey = Plant 2—4 dm. tall
leaf-blades 4— wide: sepals ovate or
elliptie, 4—5 es pos petals 15-21 mm. —
ong; blades ovate to suborbicular: capsule ovoid, 6-11 mm. —(Broo
PARNASSIA.)—-Wet woods and stony brooks, often in ape le zh pus to
Appalachian provinces and rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to A , W. Va. and V
FawrLy 5. SAXIFRAGACEAE— SAXIFRAGE FAMILY
Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite: blades simple or
compound. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious. Calyx of 5, or rarely
f 4 or more, persistent sepals. Corolla of 5, or rarely of 4 or more,
petals, or wanting. Androecium of as many ratie as there are sepals,
or twice as many. Gynoecium of fewer earpels than there are sepals.
Fruit a capsule, or follieles.—A bout 90 genera and 650 species of wide
geographie distribution.
Leaves with simple blades: flowers perfect. Tribe I. SAXIFRAGACEAE.
Leaves with 3-ternate blades : flowers polygamous. Tribe II, ASTILBEAE.
I. SAXIFRAGAC
Placentae parietal, sometimes nearly basal: ae = celled.
Flowers solitary and axillary to leaf-li ke bracts, or 2-4 in corymbs each with a
leaf-like bract.
SE and petals, 5: stamens 10: gynoecium 3-car-
ary: annuals.
Sepals, ng peu 4: stamens 4-8: gynoecium 2-car-
ary: perennials. 2. CHRYSOSPLENIUM.
Flowers du elongate FACON or panicles.
Gynoecium of 2, or 3, equal carpels.
mn
. LEPUROPETALON.
Petals pinnately cleft or pinnatifid. 3. MITELLA.
Petals entire or toothed. 4. HEUCHERA.
Gynoecium of 2 very unequal carpels. 5. TIARELLA.
SAXIFRAGACEAE 591
Placentae axile: ovary 2-celled or rarely 3-celled.
Stamens 5: ovary almost all adnate to the hypanthium. 6. THEROPHON.
Stamens 10: ovary basally adnate to the ype ae
Corolla regular, the petals aerate pumas T. MICRANTHES.
Corolla irregular, the petals of 2 kin 8. HYDATICA.
II. ASTILBEAE
Large herbs with much-branched plume-like panicles. 9. ASTILBE.
1. LEP TALON El. Annual diminutive terrestrial herbs. Leaf-
blades entire. Petals white. Stamens 10. Styles 3.—One specie |
L. spathulatum (Muhl. ) EH. Plant
T abrous, in m 1-15 em. wide: leaf-
blades spatul ce Noa mm. long: sepals VG,
2. CHRYSOSPLENIUM [Tourn] L. Perennial one 8) e pd
herbs. Leaf-blades crenate or lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens mostly
Styles 2. et flattened, 2-lobed, very
short.—About 15 species, natives of the
north eens zone and S. America.
1. C. americanum Schwein. Plants de-
eumbent, 2-20 em. long: leaf- blades ded
orbieular to orbicular-reniform, 4-20
I ES WATER-CARPE
Pd haded places, various provinces, in
. an
3. MITELLA L. Perennial herbs with lateral flowering branches. Leaf-
blades lobed and toothed. Flowers in racemes. Sepals equal. Petals pecti-
natifi mens filaments
abruptly narrowed near the apex.—TFour
species, North American and Asiatic.
1. M. diphylla L. Plant 2-4 dm. tall: leaf-
blades ovate to orbicular-ovate in T
ng, a
—Rich woods, various us provinces N. C
Mo., Minn., and Que
592 SAXIFRAGACEAE x
HEUCHERA L. Perennial herbs with lateral flowering branches.
pur blades toothed and usually lobed. Flowers in. panicl
S
often unequal. Petals entire, erose or tooth Stamens 5: filaments elon-
ate. Styles slender psule gradually narrowed into the slender elongate
eak 70 species, North American. — ALUMROOTS
CRAG-JANGLES.— The hypathium and calyx are green, pink, or red, and Hr
veined; the petals are usually whitish or yellowish.
Flowers essentially regular, the upper sepals sometimes larger than the lower
Pe ea n S deae. M the calyx, with long very slender claws and long bi ades.
lea rud ones, with low rounded lobes: panicle-branches
filiform or capilla . MICRANTHAE.
Leaves, at least dae "or er ones, with prominent angled
lobes: panicle-branches slender II. VILLOSAE.
ME shorter than the ealyx or slightly longer, with short
tout claws and short blade III. AMERICANAE.
Flowers decidedly irregular: calyx rum or 2- om . HISPIDAE
Sepals acute or acuti, ovate, much orta. A the hy-
panthium during anthesis : petioles villou 1. H. parviflora.
ione obtuse, broadly ovate, as long as the hypanthium
ring anthesis or nearly so: petioles puberulent. 2. H. puberula.
II. VILLOSAE
Terminal leaf-lobe elongate: petals, and filaments, thrice as
long as the sepals or more 3. H. villosa.
d E Epi: short and wide: petals, and filaments,
twice as long as the sepals or less. 4. H. macrorhiza.
III. AMERICANAE
Petals as long as the calyx or shorter.
Hypanthium fully 1 mm, long during D this to-
ether with the calyx E 4-5 m lon b. H. americana.
pecan barely 1 m ong quae "anthesis, this to-
ether th the eal "om ming 3 m on 6. H. calycosa.
Petals longer than the calyx, 2r individually shor
Petal-blades narrow, entir flowering aN Jeanas, 7. H. lancipetala.
Petal-blades broad, toothed: "flowering branches leafy. 8. H. Curtisii
IV. HISPIDAE
Pow pe leafy: free portion of the hypanthium
ous
Sepals of the upper lip about as long as the free portion of
t anthium, the lateral ones not spreading. 9. H. pubescens.
Sepals of the upper lip shorter than the free portion of the
hypanthium, the lateral ones spreading. 10. H. aceroides.
Flowering gin. es not leafy: free portion of the hypan-
gibbou
Anthers long-exser d: flowers short. 11. H. hirsuticaulis.
BRE m or slightly exserted: ers long.
Lower petals with spatulate blades, jones than the
Ari Is. 12. H. scabra.
Lower petals with orbicular or rhombic-orbicular
blades, about as long as the sepals. 13. H. longiflora.
arviflora Bartl. pd popes reni-
1 ore or
Low Plateaus, Ga. to Ala., Ill, and Va.—
Sum.-fall. — Corolla usually whi te.
2. H. puberu rula Mackenzie & Bush. Similar
r .0-8 dm.
ll, Peeks inflorescence branches
SAXIFRAGACEAE 593
finely glandular-pubescent: petals 3.5-4 mm. long, with linear- bee or spatu-
late blades.—Bluffs, eee and Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn. to Mo. and Ky.—
Sum.—fall .— Corolla. whit
3. H. villosa Michx. v ae is 5-12 wide, acutely 7—9 e n
lobe relatively long and w; petioles villous or glabrate: flower ing
branch 2—4 dm. tall: calyx lv] peu as ione -hairy: petals 2.2. o mm. long:
pa anes at maturity, as well as during anthesis, rather lax and open. mo (Hamy.
ROOT. ROCK-SANICLE.)—Cliffs and rocks, Blue Ridge, Tae Low Plateau
irte Ga. to Ky. and Va.—Sum.-fail — Corolla pinkish.
4. H. macrorhiza Small. Leaf-blades 8-22 em. wide, shallowly 5-9-lobed;
reni lobe Moti br end triangular or depressed; petioles densely villous-
sute: flowering branch 2-8 dm. tall: calyx and hypanthium short-hairy:
eds 2.5-3 mm. long: Ba anicle at maturity, as well as during anthesis, rather
compact.— (GIANT-ALUMROOT.)—Bluffs and river- panes Ao ac ian and In-
terior Low Plateau provinces, Ala. to fs and Ky.—Sum.-fall.—Corolla white.
5. H. americana L. Leaf- bos orbieular-ovate or suborbieular, 5-11 cm
wide, the lobes broad e cu bd oad bg flowering branch 3-9 dm.
tall:
sepals is longer than the free portion of the hypanthium: petals about
1.5 mm. long, dd. ue blades slips ieee toothed.—The Pe een
plants are com only copi iously hirsute.—(C E ON-ALUMROOT. GERA-
NIUM.)—Rocky woods, various d ovinces, Ga. t AP Minn., Ont., ind a
Sum.—Corolla yellowish or pinki
H. calycosa Small. Resembling - americana, but more slender: leaf-
blades ovate or orbicular-ovate, 5-10 em. wide, shallowly inr ciliate and
pubescent near the margins: flowering ‘brane h 2-9 dm. tall: hypanthium tur-
binate, barely 1 mm. long during anthesis: sepals m ovate, rounded at
broad!
s apex: petals oblong or spatulate Sid i much surpassed by the sepals,
cute or apiculate, entire.— Woods, Appalachian provinces, Ga. and Ala.—Spr.
zo olla pinkish.
7. H. lancipetala Rydb. Leaf-blades ae or orbicular-reniform, 4-8
em. wide, with shallow lobes and broad arply bi und teeth, glabrous
except the margins and the cone does p ing branch short-hirsute:
sepals about as long as the free-portion of the in un pis tals white or
pink, about 3 mm. long, mueh exceeding the sepals, the blades oblanceolate
to linear- c aeute, entire.— Woods, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn. and
Ky Spr.-s
. H. donna ii T. & G. Leaf-blades suborbieular, varying to ovate or reni-
form, mcns hispidulous above, and ciliate, the lobes broad and with few
coarse Droad teeth: flo owering branch glabrous below, puberulent above, leafy:
eding the ally rhombi
to
9. H. pubescens Pursh. Leaf-blades orbicular- -ovate, petal in age, the lobes
often ovate, with usually sharply mucronate teeth: flow ring branch densely
glandular-puberulent at $e aaa sepals together wi with the hypanthium 6-8
m. long, the lower ones 0 : petals purplish, the larger ones 2.5-3 mm. long,
the blades obovate, oa UE: free portion vd iem mature hypanthium
long: tamens exserted.— ( MARBLED-ALUMROOT. ) —HRo woods, aan prov-
inces N of Coastal Plain, N. C., and Tenn. to Mo. AE Pa —Spr.-
38
594 | SAXIFRAGACEAE
0. H. aceroides ene Leaf- Lll ovate, about 7-lobed, shining above,
een nee beneath: flowering branch glabrous or glandular- -puberulent above,
usually leafy: sepals ae with “the hypanthium 8-10 m ong, the lower
a ie d petals pink, the larger ones 3.5—4 mm. long, ihe eae cuneate,
othed: free portion of the mature ee tig "much longer than in H.
dici e im a Blue Ridge, N. C.—Spr.
11. H. hirsuticaulis Au. Rydb. Leaf-blades reniform or pi
flowering
with broad lobes, h n both sides, except sometimes in age:
braneh hirsute: esit us together Mes the sepals 5-6 mm. long at ue
turity: petals spatulate, about 2 mm. the upper ones shorter than the
ong,
sepals: eapsule-body short.—Shaded Banks various provinces, La. to Mo. and
Mich.—Spr.—Corolla pinkish or yellowi
12. H.scabra Rydb. Leaf-blades ovate, 7-9-lobed, scabrous-puberulent above,
hirsute beneath: flowering brane glandular- puberulent, usually leafless:
hypa anthium green, OR with the sepals 9-10 mm. long; lower ee nar-
wly oblong: petals pinkish or purplish, the larger ones 4-5 mm. long, the
blades spatulate. — Woods, Blue Ridge, N. C.—Sum
13. H. LE Rydb. Leaf-blades orbicular-reniform to ovate, Ee
except the margins and veins beneath, the lobes shallow and rounded: flow
ing branch "m dies or glandular- m above: hypanthium often reddish:
lower sepals elliptic, together with ae ee P 6-8 mm. long: petals
yellowish, or purple-tipped, the eee ones 4—4.5 mm. long, the ‘bl ades orbicu-
lar or rhombic-orbicular.—Hillsides, ee dnos and Interior Low Plateau
provinces, Ala. to Ky.—Spr.
Heuchera hispida Pursh with a narrow, lax panicle, nearly regular flowers,
and exserted anthers was originally described from plants from the mountains
of Virginia. It is not definitely known from our range.
5 TIARELLA L. Perennial herbs usually with leafy runners. Leaves
mostly at the base of the plant, except on the runners. Petals white, with
narrow blades. Stamens 10, the filaments elongated. Styles egal Follicles
oo se erect beaks.—About 6 species, North American and Asiatic.—
SE-MITREWORTS. CoorwonRTS. FOAM-FLOWERS.
Terminal leaf-lobe ovate, larger than the others: petals long-clawed.
1. T. cordifolia.
Terminal leaf-lobe triangular, not larger than the others: l
petals short-clawed. 2. T. macrophylla.
1. T. cordifolia L. Leaf-blades mostly 3-7 em. wide; petioles pus hirsute:
Ad n lup rA wise a ner drap EE 4 mm. long, the
15 long acum
ie " capsule BOE beaked P Pih os |
various de m Coastal Plain, Ga.
to Ark., Minn, and N. S
2. T. Tor Small. Leaf-blades
mostly 12-20 wide; petioles mostly
glabrous ie branch leafy: sepals
typically ovate or oval: petals 2.5-3
long, claw less tha as long as the
acute blade: capsule short-beaked.—Wood
Blue Ridge, N. C.—It is impossible to tell
whether this species is starting on its career
or if its restricted range is the ee, of a.
former wider distribution.
SAXIFRAGACEAE | 595
6. THEROPHON Raf. Perennial herbs without runners. Leaves mainly
cauline. Petals white, with broad blades. Stamens 5, the filaments short.
Styles equal. fF ollicles with spreading
beaks. a Nutt. ]—About 10 species,
North American.
2-10 dm. tall: leaf- blades 4-18 em e,
5-9-lobed and ineised-serrate: sepa als tri-
pal uat - ud oadly laneeolate, about
l mm. long: pet 3-3.5 mm. long; blades
oval to Rim ma capsule 3-4 mm.
1. T. aconitifolium (Nutt.) Millsp. Plants
wide
«
long. [B. aconitifolia Nutt.]—(BROOK- ` N
SAXIFRAGE.)—Along streams, Blue Ridge ks
and Puer peni Ga. to Tenn., SH
W. Va., and Va.—Spr.-sum a
7. MICRANTHES Haw. Acaulescent herbs with short caudices. Leaf-
blades ovate to flabellate, or rarely cordate at the base. Petals re Mad
ual. Carpels slightly united belov [Saxifraga L. in part.]—
species, most abundant in the wie parts of the Nodo. NUM
SAXIFRAGES. DWARF-SAXIFRAGES.
Filaments subulate or filiform-subula
Petals wholly white, destitute of SHORE spots. 1. M. virginiensis.
Petals eh n each with 2 yellow spots below the
Petals ls lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate: follicles 4-5
2. M. tennesseensis.
Pe ta is elliptic: follicles 2.5-3 mm. long. 3. M. Careyana.
Filaments clavate
Leaf-blades not elongate: petals bimaculate. 4. M. AA RA
Leaf-blades elongate: petals wholly white. 5. M. icranthidifolia.
M. virginiensis (Michx.) Small. o 2—20 cm. long; blades ovate, oval
or r elliptic: cymules becoming lax, axis often elongate: petals elliptie,
4—5.5 mm. lo irginiensis —
rocks, various provinces, Ga. to Ala., Min nn.,
and N. B.—Spr.
2. M.tennesseensis Small. Leaves 4—13 em.
long; blades ovate, sometimes suborbicula
or aoe -ovate or occasionally o SE]
renifor cymules open: petals lanceolate
to eliptic UR 4-4.5 mm. lon
(GOLDEN-EYE SAXIFRAGE. )—Limestone bluffs,
een re Valley, Tenn.—Spr.
=Y
M. Careyana (A. Gray) § Small. Leaves
2 11 em. long; blades ovate to orbicular-
i : mules lax:
ovate or somewhat Pins orm: les 1
p elliptic, 2.5-3 mm. long: follicles 2. 5-3 mm. long. [S. Careyana A.
Gray.]—Cliffs, Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn.—Spr.
4. M. M pun Na (A. Gray) Small. ig. 5-19 em. long; blades oval
to orbicular or ovate: ism wide: petals 3-3.5 mm. pi iR ein to elliptic-
ovate: follieles n^ mm S. n A. Gray.]— and limestone
eliffs, Blue Ridge and dS anis provinees, N. C. to Va a
596 HYDRANGEACEAE
5. M. micranthidifolia (Haw.) Small. Leaves 10-32 em. long; blades
elliptic to ee panicles narrow: petals 2.5-3.5 mm. long, elliptic to
elliptic-ovate: follicles 7-8 mm. long. [S. erosa Pursh.|—(LETTUCE-SAXIFRAGE
OUNTAIN-LETTUCE. ae logs, and Ms ine Blue Ridge and Appalach-
ian provinces, Ga. to Tenn. and Pa.—Spr.—
8. HYDATICA Neck. Acaulescent herbs with short or slightly elongate
eaudiees. Leaf-blades broadened upward. Petals mainly white, unequal, the
3 upper ones abruptly narrowed into the
2
pu
cies, natives of the cooler parts
of the Northern Hemisphere.
1. H. petiolaris (Raf.) Small. Plant 2-9
dm. tall or rarely smaller: leaf-blades 3-30
em. long, oblanceolate to d uie
coarsely dentate-serrate: sepal ly de-
flexed at maturity: petals 35-55 er eet
the 3 upper with lanceolate blades; ; the 2
lower ones with yellow or brown spo
follieles 4.5-5 mm. long. D ge leu.
canthemifolia Michx. Spatularia MichauzW (Britton) Small. ]—(Mouxtars-
SAXIFRAGE. )—Cliffs and aa Blue Ridge, Ga. to Tenn and Va.
TILBE Hamilt. Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaflets numerous,
the temna] one 3-lobed. Flowers very numerous, in spikes, racemes or pani-
cles. Petals 5, or rarely 4, long and narrow, white, or wanting. Follicles
erect.—About 7 species, North American and Asiatic.—F'ALSE GOAT’S-BEARDS.
FEATHER-TREES.
Leaflets sharply toothed or lobed: fruit 4-5 mm. high. 1. A. biternata.
Leaflets erenately toothed or lobed: fruit 3 mm. high. 2. A. crenatilobata.
1. A. bit ern ber, Britton. Plants 1-2 m. tall: leaflet i Soles
serrate or in icle 1-3 dm. long; = p d -spatulate
long, or Pe. in ect flowers NN
conic, the follicles 4-5 mm.
dodecandra Don. A lr are, ex-
tending into adj. provi Ga. to Tenn.
and Va.—Spr Ei eben: ducis in habit,
but more graceful.
2. A. crenatiloba pA Small Plants
rather smaller than those of A. biternata:
leaflet-blades erenate, the teeth mucronate-
tipped: fruit ovoid, the follicles 3 mm
Mt
long.. Woods, Roan Mt. region, Blue Ridge,
n —Interesting, not
only in being two pa D very large herbs,
but also, as in the c f Tiarella, a pair
of species, the. one widely distributed; the other very local.
TAwiLy 6. HYDRANGEACEAE—HYDRANGEA FAMILY
ubs or trees, or vines. Leaves mostly opposite; blades often
toothed. Flowers borne in raceme-like, corymb-like, or panicled cymes.
HYDRANGEACEAE 597
Calyx of usually 4-10 sepals, surmounting the often ribbed up a
Corolla of mostly 4-10 petals. Androecium of 8-many stamens. (Gynoe-
eium of 2-5, or rarely of 10, united carpels. Ovary wholly | or partially
inferior. Fruit eapsular.—About 16 genera and 80 species, natives of tem-
perate and tropieal regions.
Sepals, and petals, 5 or fewer: styles and stigmas mostly distinet: stigmas when
united b e
Sta mu 8-10: corolla relatively small; petals : ANGEA.
Stam s 12-20, or more: corolla large; petals Convolite: 2. PHILADELPHUS.
Sepals, ind petals, 7 or more: styles united : stigma depressed. 3. DECUMARIA.
| 1 HYDRANGEA [Gronov.] L. Shrubs. Leaf-blades toothed or lobed.
Sepals 4 or 5, minute, or iine in the marginal flowers. Petals valvate,
small, white or greenish. Stamens 8-10. Styles wanting. Capsule opening
between the stigmas.—Abou ey sce American and Asiatic.—Spr.-sum.—
HYDRANGEAS. eee air ot species are grown as ornamental shrubs.
They are hardy northward of their natural range.
i an merely toothed: inflorescence corymbose; sterile
ers around the edge. I. RADIATEAE.
cs Dind deeply lobed: inflorescence paniculate, sterile flowers
throughout the panicle, II. QUERCIFOLIAE.
I. RAD E
Leaf-blades e or e pom beneath: hypanthium mostly
wider than 1. H. arborescens.
Leaf-blades COUSDICHOUEÍS and D pubescent beneath:
ypanthium mostly higher r than
Leaf-blades membranous, light-gray ? bonas. 2. H. cinerea.
Leaf-blades leathery, bright-white beneath. 3. H. radiata.
II. QUERCIFOLIAE
Spreading or sprawling shrub, with large panicles. 4. H. quercifolia.
1. H. arborescens L. Shrub with sparingly pubescent branches and twigs:
leaf-blades thin, ovate, oval or elliptic: petals 1-1.5 mm. long: capsule-body
2-2.5 mm. lon broader than high.— oo
darc HYDRAN GEA. SMOOTH-HYDRAN-
SEVEN-BAR K.)— Woods and stream-
ae various provinces, Fla. to La., and
Ne X.
H. cinerea Small. Shrub with copiously
or sede pubescent twigs: hypanthium
about 2 mm. wide at maturity: petals 1.5—2
mm. long: capsule body b rau higher than
broad.— (ASH —Woods, Blue
Ridge and jui ns provinees, Ga. to
Ala., Tenn., and N. C.
3. radiata Walt. dd. with oe
pubescent twigs: hypanthium about 2.5
at maturity: ns -flowers few: petals 1-15 mm. long: capsule often
smaller Dan that of H. cinerea.—(SNOWY-HYDRANGEA. SILVER-LEAF.)— Rocky
slopes, Blue Ridge and Piedmont, S. C. and N. C.
. quercifolia Bartr. Shrub ie densely e tomentose meu ses
wide at ma ray-
are usually also arachnoid: hypanthium 3-3.5
d. poder becomin M purple: ‘petals 1 5-2 m n E ie Loue body about
h.—(GRAY-BEA D-MAN'S SEVEN-BARK. OAK-LEAF
3 hig OL
i e Se D bluffs aa ee, “Coastal Plain, extending into
adj. provinces, N Fla. to Miss. 4 Tenn., and Ga.
598 HYDRANGEACEAE
PHILADELPHUS: L. Shrubs. Leaves deciduous: blades entire or
tooth e Sepals 4 or 5, prominent. Petals convolute, relatively large, white
-or pinkish. ones numerous, or very rarely 15. tyles present. Caps
loculicidal.— About 50 species, North American and Eurasian.—SYRINGAS.
MOCK-ORANGES.—Some species are much grown for their abundance of white
flowers.
Stigmas and upper part of styles distinct.
eph few together, not more than 5: bark of last year's dd n ex-
DIFLORI.
lowers S racemose, numerous: bark of last year’s shoots gray
. or cchre- colored, Bee exfoliating. II. CORONARII.
Stigmas and styles ted. III. HiRSUTI.
I. GRANDIFLORI
Pedicel and hypanthium glabrou
Base n mm ature HODARIDIUES attenuate to the pedicel, the point of union
obscu
Leaf-blades ovate or oval, entire or with minute distant
teeth: sepals acute. 1. P. inodorus.
motely toothed: sepals acuminate. P. grandiflorus.
Base of the mature hypanthium abruptly contracted, it and
the pedicel sharply differentiated. 3. P. gloriosus.
Pedicel oe hypanthium, and outer surface of the sepals
pubes 4. P. floridus.
II. Coronaril
Leaf-blades pubescent on the lower surface: hypanthium and
calyx pubescen 5. P. latifolius.
Leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so: hypanthium and calyx gla-
brous witho 6. P. intectus.
III. HIRSUT
PE e erect or spreading branches: Mei brownish, more
or S pubescent. T. P. hirsutus.
1. B. s L. Shrub 2-3 m. high, the bark of the shoots brown, ex-
ftiating pu bi ades ovate, e ovate or oval, acute at the apex, rounded
or slight ly narrowed a t the base, 3—10 cm.
long, glabrate or pig "hor appressed hairs
either scattered copio especi-
ally on the Dos surface, (thickly Cov-
ered with de ff appre dim Res on the
lower surfac and fre on the
sepals, in P. a mo CN
3-veined, entire or with vay distant teeth:
ae wide.—Banks
se pals acute: cor 3—4 e
of streams and moist w ode various prov-
inces, Ala. to Miss. Tenn. and N. C.
P. grandiflorus ber: Shrub 2-3 m.
m D bark of the shoots brown, exfoliat-
ing:
acuminate sharply dentate, either rounded
8
or narr wed at the base, 4-12 cm. lon
glabrate or with dn appressed d
3-veined: sepals ac co m.
wide: capsule e. p the. S Ed RC e of streams and moist rocky
slopes, Blue Ridge and Piedmont extending into Coastal Plain along river
bluffs, —P. lazus $ ad., similar to the last, but with
h narrower leaf-blade ore densely appressed pubescent on the lowe
surface, and smaller and pei en flowers, is unknown to the writer in
a wild state, aries apparently of eastern American origin.
1 Contributed by Chauncey Delos Beadle.
HYDRANGEACEAE 599
3. P. gloriosus eign Shrub 2-3 m. high, the bark of the previous sea-
son’s growth dark brown, exfoliating: leaf-blades ovate or ee se acute at
the apex, either rounded or narrowed at the base, 4-10 c ong, glabrate or
with short appressed hairs, pud dentate, 3-veined: Auc and sepals
glabrous: corolla 3-4 em . broa : stigmas distinct: capsule abruptly contracted
at the base.—Rocky banks of e Coosa River in the Appalachian Valley, Ga.
4, P. floridus Beadle. Shrub 2-3 m. high, the bark of last year’s shoots
rk brown, exfoliating: leaf-blades oval or elliptic, acute, remotely toothed,
unde
. broad: stigmas not united.—Rocky slopes and banks of streams, Floyd
Co. in the a odis Valley, Ga.
5. P. latifolius Sehrad. Shrub 2 . high, the bark of the shoots gray or
yellowish, not exfoliating: leaf- blades broadly ovate or elliptie, aeute at the
apex, rounded or contracted at the base, 3-10 cm. long, mostly ~ n
and densely pubescent on the sales surface, glabrate or Ta above, 3—4
nerved: flowers ose OW
race the low D ax ee ee hypanthium, ae
exterior of the sepals agente oil la 3-4 c stigmas not united.—
Rocky banks of streams, Interior Low ‘Plateaus, Tenn. —P. pubescens inden
Jeepers the last but with brown bark and more numerous flowers, the low
two or three pairs of which are axillary, is unknown in a wild state.
. P. intectus Beadle. Shrub 2-3 m. tall, the bark pa the shoots gray or
ochre-color, not exfoliating: | iene bine: ovate, oval elliptic, a ae or
acuminate at the apex, either rounded or narrowed at the du .9-12 c ong,
glabrous or glabrate on both surfaces, prominently 3-nerved eithe r Rm Or
omin 0 itary or i nd
panthium, and exterior of the sepals glabrous: corolla em e: stigm
distinet. — Bluffs of the Cumberland River, Interior Low Plateaus, CUR
7. P. hirsutus Nutt. Shrub 1-2.5 m. tall, the bark of the previous season's
growth brown, exfoliating: leaf-blades ovate or ovate-acuminate, either rounded
or narrowed at the base, gray-pubeseent on the lower surface, appressed-
pubescent or eventually glabrate or glabrous above, 3-8 cm. long, dentate,
ie arian -nerved: flowers solitary or in twos and threes; ee hy-
panthium, and sepals pubescent: corolla 2-3 cm. wide: stigmas united.—
Rocky Boe. ip banks of streams, various provinces N of iem Plain, Ga.
to Ala., Tenn., N. C.
3. DECUMARIA L. Woody vines. Leaves opposite, deciduous: blades
entire or sparingly toothed. Flowers numerous in corymbose panicles, small.
eta v
S minut als
Stamens 20-30. Styles united. Cap
sule opening between the ribs.—One species.
1. D. aL. Stem with aerial rootlets:
leaf-blades tender, ovate, oval or suborbieu-
lar or rarely obov Uc 10 e ams ong; toothe d:
n pro order
flowers Pi pd petals a "elliptic a
linear-elliptic, 3-4 mm. long: capsule-body
4-5 mm long, with a capitate bea
Coastal "Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to
La., Tenn., and Va.—Spr.
600 HAMAMELIDACEAE
Faminy 7, ITHACEAE—Vircinia-wittow FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: Porn toothed. Flowers perfect,
borne in racemes or panicles. Calyx 2 sepals. Corolla of 5 narrow
petals. Androecium of 5 stamens. See: um of 2 united carpels. Fruit
an elongate, 2-grooved, septicidal capsule. Seeds flattened. One genus.
1. ITEA [Gronov.] L. Shrubs with estipulate leaves. Racemes narrow.
Hypa diis pow not acerescent.—About 5 species, the following and
the others in
1. I. virginica L. Shrub 1-3 m. tall, twigs
and racemes pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic
ov bov l
long, white: filaments pubescent: capsule
: 8 g ze WE
SSEL-WHITE.) — mps and
PIRES
ie -banks, o pon med adj. prov-
inees, Fla. to , Mo., —Spr.
This shrub Ens ten grows poe ndi
other shrubs which produce an abundance
of racemes of white or pale-pink flowers
Famity 8. HAMAMELIDACEAE—WiTCH-HAzEL FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades mostly toothed. Flowers
perfect, monoecious, or polygamous, variously clustered or spieate. Calyx
of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 narrow petals, or wanting. Androe-
any stamens. eclum
3-celled: styles distinct. Fruit a leathery or woody ca psule, often elas-
im dehiscent.—About 13 genera and 40 species, ui distributed.
Petals 4, ribbon-shaped: stamens 4: filaments short. 1. HAMAMELIS.
Petals wanting: stamens about 24: filaments elongate. 2. FOTHERGILLA.
1. HAMAMELIS L. Shrubs or trees with perfect or polygamous flowers,
whieh are borne 3 together on e: i peduncles, Sepals spreading o
eflexed. Petals linear or nearly Sta
4; filaments short-subulate. o dic
beaked.—About 5 species, North American
and Asiatic
H. virginiana L. Small tree or shrub:
leaf-blades Ruben umm ovalelliptie or
obo 4—15 1 ud ere
w
moist hillsides, various e A Fla. to
Tex., Ont and S.—Fall—The bark is
used. E nally. A small- in pow oc-
curs on the coast of S. C.
ALTINGIACEAE | 601
2. FOTHERGILLA Murr. Shrubs with monoecious flowers, which are
borne in dense terminal ament-like yellow s spree Sepals erect. Stamens
numerous, long-clavate. Capsule gradually i ake Three species.—Spr.—
WITCH-ALDERS. BUTTON-HAZELS. BUTTON-ALDE
nidi ,RDBeBEIDE with the leaves: ou glabrate above: filaments mostly
. long: capsules 11-13 m 1. F. major.
Mowers} a before the leaves: leat blades Stellate-pubescent
above: filaments and capsules a MM
Leaf-blades cuneate or rouane Dae BIGCh Doe than
broad, toothed only near apex. 2. F. Gardeni.
s blades cordate at mc ne about as broad as long,
thed from below the middle to the apex. 3. F. parvifolia.
LF r Lodd. on epp 1 m. tall or more: leaf-blades suborbieular
to rog prem to oval, 6—12 e ES d repand-toothed or nearly
entire: eapsule 10—13 mm Ui. Rich m
woods, Blue Ridge and Appalachian set aoa oY
inces, Ala. to S. C. and N. C. d Vy
2. F. Gardeni Murr. Isolated shrub usually = E y
less than 1 m. tall branched: leaf-blades 477 7 y
elliptie to Pre ene or ovate-orbicular
below, repand or ael foU Red near the.
apex e 8- pd .long. [F. alni-
folia L.f.]—(Dw -ALDER. )—Sandy
swamps, Coastal Plain Ga. to Ala. and Va.
3. F. parvifolia Kea rney. Gregarious shrub
3-6 dm. tall, with underground stems: leaf- ,..
oa
long, coarsely toothed mostly
below tho middle to the apex: capsule 6-8 m mm. long.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain,
Fla.
Famity 9. ALTINGIACEAE—SwEET-GUM FAMILY
rubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades toothed or palmately lobed.
r aged monoecious, borne in heads. Calyx and corolla wanting.
Androecium of numerous stamens interspersed in seales. Gynoecium of
2 partially » united earpels. Stigmas introrse. Fruit a head of many con-
ereted eapsules.—Five genera and about 10 species.
1. LIQUID AR L. Trees with balsamic sap and corky-winged
branches. Leaf-blades palmately lobed. Staminate flowers in racemes or
panicled green heads. Pistillate flow in
solitary heads. Fruiting head pendulous
Fertile seeds small, numerous, winged at on
end.—One species.
LZ. Ie a L. Tree becoming 45 m
tall: leaf n 5. lobed, the lobes triangular
or lanceolate: fruiting heads 3-4 cm. in di-
meter, persistent: fertile seeds een 1 em.
igs ee RED-GUM. . BILSTED.
STAR-LEAVED GUM. ALLIGATOR-TREE. )—Mod-
erately rich soil, Plas Plain and adj,
provinces a a pee os
(Mex.)— ie is "bri fà "
The un is pee for b eed peru
602 GROSSULARIACEAE
finish of houses, for boxes and utensils. The leaf-blades are sometimes
7-lobed.
Famity 10. GROSSULARIACEAE—Goosrperry FAMILY
Shrubs, often spiny. Leaves alternate: blades usually palmately
lobed or cleft. Flowers borne in racemes, which are sometimes reduced to
few flowers, or to a single flower. Calyx of 5 sepals borne on the
hypanthium. Corolla of 5 relatively small petals. Androecium of
stamens. Gynoecium of 2 partially united carpels: ovary with 2 parietal
placentae: styles more or less united. Fruit a many-seeded berry.—Three
genera and about 130 species, widely distributed.
Flower-stalk jointed beneath the ovary: berry disarticulating from the pedicel.
Flower-stalk not jointed beneath the va berry not disarticu- aid
lating from the pedicel. 2. GROSSULARIA.
1. RIBES L. Shrubs with erect stems and branches, without nodal
spines. Leaf-blades palmately veined and lobed. Flowers solitary or few to-
gether, borne on stalks which are join
beneath the ovary. Berry disarticu aie
from the stalk.—About 65 species, nativ
of the ios tem eere zone, Mexieo, nee
South America.—CURRANTS.
. R. glandulosum Grauer. Decumbent dif-
fuse shrub: leaf- ae Bus bars. r E
racemes with rem and minute
ovate braets: 22 n ium poa rt, ieee aa
3 mm. long: sepals rhombic- obovate, 2.5—
E)
BE
>
=
So
BE
zZ
|
— (FETID :
MOUNTAIN-CURRANT.)—Deep woods, Blue
Ridge and more N provinces, N. C. to Colo., Sask., Mich., and Lab.
R. osum Pursh, described in the first edition of Flora of the South-
ning United States, from specimens supposed to have been collected in the
mountains of North Carolina i Fraser, seems to be Ribes orientale Desf. of
Asia.
2. GROSSULARIA Mil. Shrubs with irregular arching or recurved
stems and branches, and with noda l apa Leaf-bla des palmately veined.
Flowers in drooping racemes or pan ost on stalks whieh are jointed
near the base. Petals white or dors Hn e. Berry not disarticulating from
the stalk.—About 60 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Spr.—
fruits are sometimes used for preserves.—GOOSEBERRIES.
Sepals longer than the free part of the hypanthium: stamens exserted.
nd smooth and glabrous: petals not tubular. I. ROTUNDIFOLIAE.
erry echinate, the spines gland-tipped : petals tubular. II, ECHINELLAE.
Sepals shorter than the free part of the hypanthium : stamens
neluded. IIT. CxNOSBaTI.
I. ROTUNDIFOLIAE
Filaments pubescent: hypanthium glandular. 1. G. curvata.
Filaments glabrous : hypanthium glandless.
GROSSULARIACEAE 603
Free part of the hypanthium yo red 5-6 mm. long:
petals flabellate-cuneate, 1.5- lon 2. G. rotundifolia.
Free part of the hypanthium and ux "9-10 mm. long:
petals cuneate-spatulate, 2-2.0 mm. lon 3. G. missouriensis.
II.
A diffuse shrub with glabrous or nearly glabrous twigs: free
part of the hypanthium shorter than the sepals: stamens
long-exserted. 4. G. Echinella.
III. CyYNOSBATI
A rigid shrub with closely pubescent twigs: free part of
hypanthium longer than the sepals: stamens not long-
A
. Cynosbati.
1. G. curvata (Small) Coville & E Diffusely branched shrub, 5-8 dm.
tall, armed with slender red spines, the branches purplish, shining, recurved
r : 3.
A
iameter. à
— (GRANITE-GOOSEBERRY.) — Rocky woods
and slopes, Piedmont, Ala. and Ga.
2. G. rotundifolia rage i rs & Brit-
ton. Stra aggling shru b, with slender
eddish spines, the Branches nn or
brownish: leaf-blades n diameter,
glabrate or finely aa ta ps on Je
the veins beneath, 3—-5-lobed, the lobes toothed: hypanthium glabro sepals
linear or linear-spatulate, 4-5 mm. long, obtuse: petals flabellate- eae 1.5-2
m. | ne, undulate, at length erisped: pog ue s: anthers less than
lm den Do globular, 8—10 pao r, reddish-purple. [Ribes
RU Michx].— (Mount is con D “Boc ky woods, Viri
and Blue Ridge, rarely extending into Coastal "Plain, N. C. to N. Y. and Mas
3. G. missouriensis (Nutt.) Coville & Britton. Spreading shrub, armed with
dipsa gus spines, the branches gray or buff: leaf-blades 2—6 em. in diameter,
re or eda. espec iini when young, prominently 3—5-lobed; hy-
M potis sepals na E elliptie or c ree spatulate or narrower,
7-8 mm. long: petals ‘cuneate ph atulate, 2-2.5 oe g: filaments glabrous:
anthers over 1 mm. long: berry globular, 9-15 m i diameter, purple or
r R. gracile Pursh not Miehx.|— (Missount- GOOSEBERRY.) — Thickets
and river- ped Interior Low Plateaus and Central Lowlands, Tenn. to Kans.,
Mas
4. G. Rd Coville. us shrub with p gray branehes armed with
stoutish purple-brown spines: leaf-blades 1-2.5 em. in diameter, 3-lobed, with
the lobes ineised and to othed, Sue ingly Du slender- -petioled: lower part
of ar P dn elosely covered with gland-tipped hairs; free A a
abou ong,
late, 3—5.4 cm. long, pubese Ear arly so,
uas eles erect, n. long, convolutely- -folded and aa tabular
with the truncate top rolled e ds ents glabrous; anthers less
mm. long: style gla ab uus: berry globul ie ren green, echinate, br em
in diameter, elosely beset with gland- tipped spin cp pis dg
Rich woods, along Lake Miccosukee, Fla.—The leaves unfold in the fall.
b. G. bati L. Straggling shrub, with spine-armed and often prickly
stems, 7 e closely pubescent: leaf- "blades 3-5 em, in diameter, pubescent
604 PLATANACEAE
when young, bd glabrate in age, 3—5-lobed, the lobes rounded or the
terminal one acute, all crenate; antag glabrou s but more or less spiny:
sepals ellipt E "obtuse; petals dst .5 . long, broadly o or a
truncate, reniform: filaments subulate, a as long as the an abou as
long: berry globular, about 1-1.5 cm. in m i wth ‘stout ae
[Ri eiu f L. R. gra acile ^ ehx.]-—(DoGBERRY. PASTURE-GOOSEBERRY.
PRICKLY-GOOSEBERRY )—Roeky woods — hillsides, various eres N of
Coastal "Plain, Ala. to Mo. no BN D N. C.
Famity 11. PLATANACEAE-PrANE-TREE FAMILY |
Trees, with exfoliating bark. Leaves alternate: blades pud
leathery, palmatelv lobed. Flowers monoecious, minute, borne on glo-
bose receptacles, in dense j endent solitary, Bim or racemose
heads. Perianth obsolete. Staminate heads red: filaments nearly obsolete:
anthers elongate, each surmounted by a dilated connective. Pistillate heads
green: earpels 2-9, 1-celled, mingled with staminodia which are pilose a
the apex, surrounded by lone jointed persistent hairs: style terminal, stig-
matose to below the middle on the ventral suture. Fruit an elongate achene,
surrounded by rigid hairs, with a thin leathery pericarp, crowded in dense
globose heads.—Comprises the following genus:
PLATANUS [Tourn.] L. Trees, with smooth bark and stout irregular
beaches from which are suspended the oe numerous long-peduncled fruit-
heads.-—About 8 species in the north tem
perate zone.—PLANE-TREES
1. P. occidentalis L. us with : maxi-
m.,
east
the base, the lobes acute: flowers green or
pu uw E c. solitary, subglobose
oping.— (Sy E
-4 c
BONN cos, a Lo ow grounds,
usually near streams, various provinces, N
Fla. to F
ar for butcher’s bloc
The ier is used fe furniture, interior finish, and boxes.
Faminy 12. ROSACEAE—Roọosse FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, trees, or rarely vines. Leaves mostly alternate: blades
simple or compound, often stipulate. Flowers perfect or rarely dioecious.
Calyx of 5, or rarely 4-9, sepals borne on the edge of the hypanthium,
sometimes a by as many bractlets. Corolla of as many distinct
petals as there are sepals, or ed Androecium of 1 or more series
of stamens. Gynoecium of l-many carpels. Ovary 1-celled or imper-
fectly 2-celled. Fruit GEN follicles. or drupelets, or achenes which are
borne in the hypanthium or on the accrescent receptacle.—About 75 genera
and 1300 species, of wide geographie distribution.
ROSACEAE
En rpals as n of 1-5 dehiscent follicles.
arpels
s many 25 the sepals and alternate with them, or fewer:
eciduou
Gus 1-5, if more
oe pyriform,
present.
Carpels usually 5, distinct: seeds dull, dur
ar to linear-lanceolate, the co at thin
endo sperm wantin
ae opposite to the sepals:
rsistent.
Fruit Concio s of indehiscent achenes em A
Carpels not enclosed in a fleshy hypan
"Fruits consisting of de ac Nene
Ovules 2, one above the other: achenes
more or less flattened, usually 1-seeded,
borne in a single whor
Ovules, and seeds, Solitares achenes usually
a borne in a spiral.
than one, more or less
the coat bony: endosperm
stipules present,
or in
throat nor osely investing the
Style not articulated to the ovary ;
hypanthium more or ius urceo-
late, contracted at t mouth.
Style oo basal: T R
cym hypanthium loosely
aveg the "achenos.
Style terminal : inflorescence
SE racemos or panicu-
i hypanthium closely
esting the achen
seeds inserted at the proxi xin end of the
, that is, perfectly basal: rad-
icle inferior
Style Belly decidi uous
Style partly or wholly persistent,
Fruits as d or less fleshy drupelets: ovules
coll
Carpels at least as many as the sepals, usu-
ally numerous : eorolla present at least in
the staminiferous flower rs, the petals
white to pu
rpie
iy fewer than the sepals: corolla want-
ng or if present the petals yellow.
Carpels enclosed in the hypanthium which becomes
fleshy in fruit
united below:
Tribe
Tribe
Tribe
I. NEI
Sea e with alternate leaves, with Gnd. ud usually lobed
II. SPIRA
PR BOUE on the edge of the hy num: p perfect :
S or undershrubs: leaf-blades simple.
Stamens Borne on the inside of the hypanthium: E dioe-
cious: tall herbs: leaf-blades twice or thrice c
III. Son
Perennial herbs with rootstocks: leaves cid a e ie blades.
ULMARIEAE
D oa herbs with rootstocks : leaf-blades pinnatifid and in-
V. POTENTILLEAE
Style terminal or nearly so, D: lateral.
Style terminal or nearly s
Style on
arged receptacle.
chenes glabrous, borne on the surface of an en-
605
stipules none
seeds shining,
I. NEILLIEAE.
II. SPIRAEAE.
III. SORBARIEAE.
Tribe. IV. ULMARIEAE.
Tribe V. POTENTILLEAE.
Tribe VI. ALCHEMILLEAE.
Tribe VII. SANGUISORBEAE.
Tribe VIII. COLURIEAE.
Tribe IX. DRYADEAE.
Tribe X. RUBEAE.
Trine XI. KERRIEAE.
Tribe XII. ROSEAE.
1. OPULASTER.
2. SPIRAEAE.
ound. 3. ARUNCUS.
4. PORTERANTHUS.
5. FILIPENDULA.
6. POTENTILLA.
606 ROSACEAE
Corolla yellow : receptacle not pulpy. 1. DUCHESNEA.
Corolla white or pinkish : receptacle pu ulpy. 8. FRAGARIA
Shrubs: achenes pubescent, borne on an inconspicuous
d E
w shrub: leaf-blade 3-foliolate : style filiform : co-
"Folia white. 9. SIBBALDIOPSIS.
Tall p eae pinnate: style clavate: co-
rolla y wW. 10. DASIPHORA.
Style nearly E dd 11. DRYMOCALLIS.
VI. ALCHEMILLE
Small annual herbs: leaf-blades digitately 3- Bd and again
toothed or lobed. 12. APHANES.
VII. SANGUISORBEA
Hypanthium not prickly: petals wanting: acre moe com-
pact.
Stamens 2-4, not declined: pistil 1. 13. SANGUISORBA.
Stamens, in staminate flowers, numerous, declined: pistils 2. 14. POTERIUXM.
E with hooked spines: petals present : inflorescence
5. AGRIMONIA,
VIII. COLURIEAE
Perennial herbs with ur leaves basal; blades lobed or
compound: hypanthium ostly obconic: "corolla yellow :
achenes in the hypanthiu a 16. WALDSTEINIA.
IX. Dry
Style conspieuously bent and geniculate es p upper por-
tion usually hairy, readily deciduous
Head of achenes sessile: sepals accompan nied by bractlets. 17. GEUM.
pn of achenes stalked: sepals not accompanied by bract-
18. STYLIPUS.
Style nel ene conspicuously bent nor distinctly geniculate, the
upper portion glabrous, persistent. 19. SIEVERSIA.
X. RUBEAE
Spreading stoloniferous herb, with reniform leaf-blades: flow-
pa of 2 kinds, the essentially staminate flowers nouus
fructiferous flowers apetalous, and with few stamens
Aups D dry. 20. DALIBARDA.
Erect or diffus e shrubs, with lobed or compound leaf-blades:
flowers all petaliferous: drupelets juicy and pul
Styles clavate: stigmas slightly e receptacie flat :
Jeaf-blades U veined and lobed: plants unarmed. 21. RUBACER.
B pA glabro stigmas capitate: receptacle con-
ispherie, or ‘ni ipple-shaped: leaf-blades mostly
Mo plants usually prickly. 22. RUBUS.
XI. KERRIEAE
Corolla wanting: calyx corolloid; sepals toothed. 23. NEVIUSIA.
Corolla present: calyx herbaceous ; sepals entire. 24. KERRIA.
XII. ROSEAE
Shrubs with usually bristly or prickly stems: leaf-blades 3-
foliolate or pinnate. 25. ROSA.
1. OPULASTER Medic. acon Leaf-blades cin lobed. Flow-
PA Ae Corola white. Sta numerous, without staminodia.
s 1-5, short- Hi aoe styles Süform. Stigmas depressed-capitate. Fol-
ticles a [Physocarpus Maxim.]—NINEBARKS.—About 12 species, North
merican ip à ue
Follieles glabrous at maturity, ovoid, usually 5 together.
Seed with a long lateral caruncle: follicles usually twice as long as the sepals
leaf-blades of the sterile shoots usually longer than wide. 1. O. opulifolius.
Se uU with a short almost terminal caruncle: follicles not
S an half longer ed pr REOR leaf- blades of the
shoots searcely lon
Follicles i -Stellate- pubescent, ellipsoid, ies 3 or 4 together
Leaf-blades of P : m shoots ovate in outline, een tdem
sparingly pubes 3. O. alabamensis.
Leaf-blades of the. sterile XU prewar eyate in outline,
acute, densely stellate-pubescen 4. O. stellatus.
N
O. australis.
ROSACEAE 607
1. O. opulifolius (L.) Kuntze. Shrub 1—3 m. tall: leaf-blades 3-8 cm. long,
acutely lobed: sepals ovate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: follicles 8-10 mm. long, acute.
P. opulifolius Maxim.]—Rocky soil and
river banks, various provinces, Tenn. to
Mich., Que., and Va.—Spr.-sum.
2. O. australis Rydb. Shrub with glabrous
nu qos ee bow blades broadly ovate,
em. long, deeply 3-lobed and
pomi othed, s d or froneat at the
þase: follicles agai 5, glabrous, 3-6 m
ace acute.— Wooded slopes, Blue Ridge, S
C. to Va.—Sum
O. alabamensis Rydb. Shrub, with stel-
ofte indis tine tly 3-lobed, doubly crenate,
stellate-pubescent, at least beneath, acute or rounded at the base: inflorescence
densely stellate: follicles 3-5, permanently stellate, about 8 mm. long.—
Thickets and river-bottoms, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Ala., Ga., and S. C.—
Sum.
4. O. stellatus Rydb. Low shrub, with decidedly pm foliage: leaf-
blades 1—4 cm. long: sepals narrowly ovate, 2—2.5b mm. long: follicles mostly
4, about 5 mm. long.—Stream-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—
| 2. SPIRAEA [Tourn.] L. Shrubs. Leaf-blades toothed or lobed. Flow-
ers corymbose or paniculate. Corolla white, pink, or rose. Stamens numerous,
accompanied by lobe-like staminodia. Carpels usually 5, mostly stipitate:
styles clavate: stigmas minute and oblique. Follieles not inflated.—About
70 species, natives of the north aes zone.—SPIREAS.—Several species are
extensively grown for ornament.
Inflorescence elongate, paniculate, ovoid or conic. I. SALICIFOLIAE.
Inflorescence flat-topped, corymbose. II. CORXMBOSAE.
I. DE
Sepals merely spreading: disk obsole
Inflorescence glabrous: leaf- dos "broadly oblanceolate to
p
obovate. S. latifolia.
Inflorescence pubescent: leaf-blades narrowly oblanceolate. 2. S. alba.
Sepals early reflexed: disk prominen
b err glabrous: leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptic-lanceo-
3. S. subcanescens.
Follicles pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic or oval, varying to
ovate or elliptic-ovate. . S. tomentosa.
II. CoRYMB
Vu dun edem turbinate, tapering to the base: E glau-
cous ea 5. S. virginiana.
PAS campanulate, abruptly contracted at the base:
leaf-blades scarcely glaucous beneath. 6. S. corymbosa.
1. S. latifolia (Ait.)-Borkh.1 — with glabrous twigs: leaf-blades cages!
oblanceolate to obovate, 2-8 cm. long, sharply serrate, glabrous or nearly s
1 Formerly included in vn salicifolia, a native of Siberia and eastern
Russia.
608 ROSACEAE
hypanthium hemispherie, less than s res
high, glabrous: ges De or pin
the bud, about long:
oblanceolate, a mm. Es
SWEET. MEADO
SPIREA.) — Moist slopes, meadows
rocky banks, various provinces, in Coastal
Plain only N, N. C. to Sask. and Newf.—
Sum. |
2. S. alba Du Roi. Shrub with puberulent
3~ long, s ly serrate z
puberulent on the veins: hypanthium puberu-
lent, about 1 mm. high: petals pu about
2 mm. long: follicles oblanceolate, about 3.5
mm. long.—(MEADOW-SWEET. EADOW-SPIREA.)— Wet thickets and erie
various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Mo., Ont., and N. Y.—Sum
3. S. subcanescens Rydb. Shrub somewhat resembling S. tomentosa in habit
but with the stem and branches less densely pubescent: leaf-blades thinnish,
but firm, lanceolate to e seat gue cirri ie at both d sharply and finely
serrate, slightly pubescent a , tomentulose beneath: sepals re aa
pink, suborbienlar, aon t 2 mm. wide: “follicles glabrous, about 2
Woods, near Anderson, P Piedmont of S. C—Sum.—This may bee a ped
between ri tomentosa and S. alba.
4. S. tomentosa L. Shrub 3-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades d tomentose be-
neath: flowers stout-pedicelled: sepals ciliate: petals rose-colored 2s rare 1y
d 1- a Dao earpels and follicles pubescent, the We 2.5 mm
ong.—(H K. oe E and meadows, various uum
in Coastal “Plain pus N, Ga. to Kans., Man., and N. S.—Sum.
5. S. virginiana Britton. Straggling shrub: leaf-blades 2-6 cm. long: longer
stamens about twice as long as the sepals: staminodia sees petals white,
about 2 mm. in diameter.— (MOUNTAIN MEADOW-SWEET E y banks, Blue
Ridge and Appalachian Plateau, Tenn. to W. Va.—Spr.—s
6. S. corymbosa Raf. Erect e leaf-blades 2-10 em. long: longer stamens
TE a E dong as the sepals: uae minodia depressed: petals white, about
1.5 er.—(Dw. a REA.)—Rocky banks and acid soil, Blue
Ridge, « Ed n adj. hire isle Ga. to W. Va. and N. J.—Spr.-sum
3. ARUNCUS Eo Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades twice or thrice
pinnately compound. Flowers dioecious, very many, borne in panicled narrow
racemes. Se e deltoid » us ngular. Petals broad, white. Stamens numer-
conspic : filaments elongate. Carpels mostly 3: styles short or
PX Folliclos ereet or deflexed.—About 5 species, natives of North
America and Eurasia.—Spr.-sum.—QGOAT'S-BEARDS. BRIDE'S-FEATHERS
Style short, much shorter ue ni carpel-body during anthesis: follicle-bodies nar-
rowly ellipsoid, about 3 nee 1. A. Aruncus.
Style long, about as long ae "carpe -body during anthesis:
ollicle-bodies turgid, pos or ovoid, about 2 mm. lon
Mature carpel-bodies ovoid, sometimes apparen ntly ellipsoid
hen dry, the beaks m mostly spreading: leaflets decidedly
eath. . A. pubescens.
"m. carpel-bodies oval, sometimes apparently ovoid when
he beaks osiy erect: leaflets glabrous or nearly so. 3. A. allegheniensis.
ROSACEAE 609
1. A. Aruncus (L.) Karst. Plant 2 m. tall or less, glabrous or nearly so up
to the inflorescence at ere ups ovate, 2—7 em . long, aeuminate, doubly
serrate, glabrous, smooth a with
scattered hairs mM m when oun:
triangular-lanceolate, acuminate: petals of
d oe goes searcely mm. long,
wed at the dua e: follicles isl
elliptie, about 3 ion ng, less than
thick, pend beaked. —Thickets and doe
places, ally nat. in various provinces in
U. S., fr om N. C. northward. Nat. of Eu.
2. A. pubescens Rydb. Plant 3 m. tall
or less, ui epi io ubescent: leaflets ovate,
3-10 em. long, short-acuminate, singly or
doubly serrate, cube escent beneath: ded v
the pistillate flowers triangular lanceo C
acute: petals of the staminate flowers slighty over 1 mm. long, scarcely nar-
rowed at the base: follicles d sometimes appearing ellipsoid when dry,
the body about 2 mm. long, with the Ens beak mostly spreading.—W oods,
various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Okla. to Ia. and Va.
3. A. allegheniensis Rydb. Plant 2.5 m. tall or less, glabrous or nearly s
at maturity below the inflorescence: leaflets ovate to elliptic, 3-10 cm ons
brous or with seat i
oval, sometimes appearing ovoid when dry, the body about 2 mm. long, with
the slender beak mostly erect. [Spiraea Aruncus (Chapm. Fi). lo ~ woods,
various provinces, in Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Ala., Ky.,
4. PORTERANTHUS Britton. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades. 3-parted
or 3-foliolate. Flowers perfect, few, borne in open lax pia Mica shorter
than the hypanthium. Petals narrow, white or pink. Stam , in
one row: filaments very short. Carpels i e 5: styles sult, nd
erect. [Gillenia Moench.]—Two species.—Spr.-sum.—INDIAN PHYS
Pep dora sued caudate-acuminate: stipules subulate or He entire or
orsal suture of the follicle not prominent. 1. P.trifoliatus.
Sepals Mere ciliolate, acute or slightly acuminate: stipules foli-
eous, coarsely laciniate: dorsal suture of the follicle keel- like. 2. P. dpi
1. P. trifoliatus (L.) Bri Plant 3-14 dm. tall: leaflets 3-9 em. long;
blades oval or elliptie to A or those of upper leaves sometimes pem d
S l 25 _incised-serrates petals
white, mostly 15— m. long; blades nearly
linear or Ponty aa upward: folli-
cles 5.5-7 mm. long, stout-beaked, not stipi-
A Eie) fine-pubescent. [G. trifoliata
Moench. ]— (BOWMAN ’S-ROOT. FAL IPE-
CAC. Woods , thickets, and river-banks, vari-
ous provinces, S Coa stal aa iui N, Ga.
to Mo., Mich.,
diio n Britton. Plant
cum minate, those 2 the lower leaves incised
or laciniate, those of the upper coarsely
doubly-toothed : Dedi white or pinkish, 11-
39
e
610 ROSACEAE —
15 mm. long; blades a or a pic dris ILE 6.5-9.5 m
long, slender- o a glabro with few hairs. [G. st ue
Muhl.]—(AMERICAN IPE oo oods ETE thickets, dns = calcareous soil,
various provi n chi fy W of Blue Ridge, extending into Piedmont and
Atlantie Coastal Plain only in river eu Ga. to La., Kans., and N. Y.
FILIPENDULA [Tourn.] Hil. Perennial inii herbs. Leaf-
we pinnate. Flowers numerous, borne in eorymbose cymes. Sepals entire.
Petals broad, white, pink, or purple. Carpels -
5-15: style short: stigma capitate. Achene
eapsule-like.—About 10 species, natives of
the north temperate zone.—MEADOW-SWEETS.
1. F. rubra (Hil) B. L. d Plant
5-24 dm. tall: lower leaves dm. tall;
blades of the leaflets palmate a 3-5 ‘lobed:
sepals almost half-orbicular: petals
mm. long, pink or aa the blades iub.
orbicular: fruits mm. long, clavate.
[ Spiraea ae Chapin. FI. — ( PRAIRIE-
oo QUEEN-OF-THE-PRAIRIE. )—
Swamps duos w grounds, Blue Ridge and
more : "provinces Ga. to Ia., Pa., and Vt.—
Spr.-s
6. POTENTILLA L. Herbs or de) woody plants. Leaf-blades
pinnately or digitately foliolate. Flowers in corymbose cymes or solitary.
Petals white, yellow, red, or purple, rer Receptacle hemispherie or
conic. Carpels and achenes ovoid.—About 325 species, natives of the north
temperate zone.—CINQUEFOILS. FIVE-FINGERS. MEADOW-STARS.—Our species
all have yellow flowers.
Flowers solitary, on long axillary pedicels: plant perennial. I. TORMENTILLAE.
Flowers cymose: cymes many-flowered, leafy bracted : plant an-
II. SUPINAE.
I. TORMENTILLAE
Stem, branches, petioles, and pedicels with appressed pubescence.
Lea flets sparingly silk or strigose: B oblanceolate, n iu ae “or
rarely obovate. toothed except at the 1. mpler
Leaflets densely silky beneath ; blades of hose of the basal
M nage alas toothed only at the apex or above
the 2. P. pumila.
Stem, T E and pedicels with spreading hairs.
la es o „the leaflets obovate or oblanceolate, appressed-
pubesce 3. P. canadensis.
Bl rus E the leaflets cuneate, pubescent with long lax
hai . P. caroliniana.
II. SUPINAE
Achene corky-gibbous on the upper suture: core less than 8
mm. wide: lower leaves with 9-11 leaflet . P. paradoaa.
Achene not gibbous : corolla over 9 mm. wide: lower leaves
with 3-5 leaflets 6. P. monspeliensis.
1. P. simplex Michx. Stem erect or early decumbent, 4-10 dm. long, ap-
pressed- a a leaflets 2-6 em. long; mostly 5; blades Enn c elliptic-
ROSACEAE 611
rne dE te, or rarely obovate, coarsely
S
ue 4—5
linear-lanceolate braetlets: petals 5-6 mm.
long.—Grassy slopes and open woods, vari-
ous ag N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to
Mo., Minn, and N. S.—Spr — This, and
r elated species, are sometimes called wild-
strawber
2. P. a b Stem erect in anthesis,
producing nner-like branches, densely
silky-strigillose: leaflets 5; blades 2-2.5 cm
ate-obov
ong, cune ate, coarsely toothed at
t pex or e the middle: sepals nar
rowly lanceolate, 3-5 mm pu about equal
ling the brackets: petals 4—7 mm. long. [P. canadensis pumila T. & G.]
—Sandy banks and dry nocd various provinces, Ga. to Ohio, Ont., and Me.—
Spr.
canadensis L. Stem branched at the base, the w decumbent or
29s.
prostr —6 dm. long, with s - eading hairs: leaflets 3 or 5; blades AA A
ate, 4
A M inee or oval, 2-5 em. long, coarsely toothed: RUN 12-15 mm. wide,
the petals about 1/3 1 onger than a Rame ie -FI ene aa y soil, “banks,
and t se rae various provinces, La. to Tex., , N. B., . Č.—Spr.-sum.
4. P. caroliniana Poir. Stem often branched at the base, the o pros-
trate, usually rooting at the nodes, 3—10 dm. long, with spreading pubescence:
leaflets mostly 5; blades cuneate, 1.5—4 cm. long, coarsely toothed AR
corolla 8—10 mm. wide, the petals about 1/3 E EE than the sepals. as
woods, various provinces, Ga. to Mo. and Va.—
5. P. paradoxa Nutt. Stem becoming much-branched, the branches pene
ascending preadi 2-5 dm. tall, hirsute above, sometimes glabra
below: leaflets pinnate, 9-11 on the lower np 1-2 em. long; blades obov E»
iun) d or dr. the PAD rounded: cymes leafy: ogee pae
dia
poter ns pu g the sepals or exceeding em: E DUK
EA corky, thickened P the inner side.—Low grounds, m and
eN prov inces, Tenn. to N. M., Wash., Ont. and N. Y.—(Mez., 0. W.)—
Su m.
P. monspeliensis L. Stem simple and erect, or with ascending branches,
l m. tall or es h eu (finely did and with oblong narrowly serrate
leaflets in P. gica): leaflets 3, digitate, or in luxuriant plants 5, digitate
or pinnate, 3-10 4 A long; blades Red broadly serrate: cymes dense:
hypanthium becoming 7-8 mm. wide, hirsute: sepals elliptic lanceolate, 7—8
mm. long: petals obovate to cuneate, nearly equa alling the sepals: stamens
m 20; achene usually rugulose. [P. norvegica L.|——(Roven- pog ay
aste- -plaees, eult. grounds, and fields, various pen N. C. to Tex
Calif., Alas., Ont., and Lab.—(Mez., O. W.)—Sum
7. DUCHESNEA J. E. Smith. Caulescent creeping herbs. Leaf-blades
pinnately 3-foliolate. Peduncles 1-flowered. Bractlets larger than the sepals,
612 ROSACEAE
toothed. Petals surpassed by the Nip
—Two species, natives of —Moc
STRAWBERRIES.—The apes is ee and
spongy, but not juicy, at maturity.
D. indica (Andr.) Focke. Stem or
ae Sonde leaflets ovate to obova ter
epals 6-8 mm. long: ER obovate, yellow
mm
indica A ]J— (Y -STRAWB
DIAN-STRAWBERRY AKE-BE ER. )— Fields
and roadsides, various d ceu N Fla.
" Red. and N. Nat. of Pocos
Ark
Spr.-s
8. FRAGARIA [Tourn.] L. Acaulescent erect and often stoloniferous
herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately 3-foliolate. Scapes several-flowered. Braetlets
smaller than the sepals, entire. Petals white, surpassing the braetlets.—About
35 species, natives of the north temperate zone to the mts. of South America.
—Spr.—STRAWBERRIES.—Some species and many hybrids are extensively grown
for their fruits. The receptacle, conic or globose at maturity, is red or scarlet.
Blades of the leaflets dc sk achenes in pits.
iar with appresse
lades of the leaflets "peni or nearly So. 1. F. virginiana,
Bla pes of the leaflets Mir ed. 2. F. VL Ln
Pedice 3 With spreading hai 3. F. Gray
Blades of p leaflets sessile or a sessile: achenes superficial. 4. F. an
F. virginiana VE Rootstock stout: blades of the leaflets thick,
EE. to dex 3-10 em. long, eoarsely toothed, obtuse: seape stout, 1.5—3
dm. tall, villous: pedicels pu rigose: braetlets,
and s epals, laneeo és a vate: fr uit
subglobose, 1-1.5 em. in diameter: achenes
in deep pits. — Fields, p and eult.
Lie various provinces, Fla. to Okla.,
and Que.
erica nd
Minn. |
2. F. suci Rydb. Rootstock short,
ed dra bcn P s leaflets elliptic-
oblanceolate obova 1-4 long,
coarsely few- Pe Dic d: RU e less than 1 dm.
tall, silky: bractlets linear- lanceolate: sepals
broadly lanceolate: an tals oval: fruit not
seen. Woods and r banks, various prov-
inces, N. C. iu Tenn, o W. Va. and Va.
F. Gr rayana Vilmorin. Rootstock stout, short: blades of the leaflets firm
e 3-10 cm. long, coarsely toothed, acute o or obtuse: scape stout, 1— 1.5
dm. tall, iui with s spreading or reflexed hairs: pedicels hirsute: bractlets
linear lanceola p eim. lanceolate: petals suborbicular: fruit subglobose, about
chenes in pits.— —Cult. grounds, fields, and gardens,
1.5 dia a
Coastal Plain, lu into adj. provinces, Ala. to La., Mo., and M
4. F. americana (Porter) Britton. oo — ace: of the leaflets
thin, oe obovate, mostly acute, 3-8 cm. long: scape 1.5 dm. tall or less,
villous: pedicels somewhat ‘appr essed- pubescent: sepals, P bractets ovate
to eee ee 5-6 mm. long: fruit conic-ovoid, mm, lon d.
Chapm. not L.]— ( Woon- -STRAWBERRY. )— Ciis hillside, and roadsides, various
BE A N of Coastal Plain, N. C. . M., Man., and Newf.
ROSACEAE 613
9. SIBBALDIOPSIS Rydb. Shrubs with creeping stems. Leaf-blades
eq 3-foliolate, 3-toothed at the apex. Petals white, rounded. Stamens
3 arp mostly obovo ade
ves &liform, lateral. pé pubescent.—
One species.
1. S. tridentata (Soland.) Rydb. Plant
or
obovate-cuneate: cymes open: sepals tri-
i ovate to Man petals white, 5. e 7
long: achen arly 2
[Potentilla manta CAdt. E a
CINQUE EFOIL WINELEAF-CINQUEFOIL.)
eky acid ers Blue Ridge and more N
m Ga. to Man., Newf., and Greenl.
—BSpr.- "Deposits itself on the
mos
wind- ies summits, either on ‘‘balds’’ or in rock crevices.
. DASIPHORA Raf. Shrubs with unarmed branches. Leaf-blades pin-
nately several foliolate, the leaflets broad or narrow, entire. Petals yellow,
A clawless. Stamens about 25,
5 groups on a pentagonal disk. Carpel-
body angular. Achenes pubescent.—About
5 species, nos of the north temperate
and arctic regions.
1. D. fruticosa (L.) Rydb. Shrub 1.5 m.
tall or less with silky twigs: leaflets 3-7,
usually 5; pue ‘leathery, elliptic, linear-
elliptic, or linear, 1-2 long, or less,
silky on both ie brac tlet ts linear- elliptie:
uminate: als
mps
or moist rocky soil, Tenn. to N. M., Calif. Alas., Que., and N. J.—(ZEurasia.)
—Sum.
11. DRYMOCALLIS Fou Herbs with erect stems. Leaf-blades pin-
nately several-foliolate, the ee toothed. Petals yellow or white, rounded.
Stamens in 5 clusters. Carpel-body ovoid:
style fusiform, basal. Achene glabrous.—
About 30 species, natives of the north tem-
perate and subarctic regions.
. D. agrimonioides (Pursh) Rydb. Stem
3-10 dm. tall, glandular, villous: leaflets
cymes
‘achene about mm. long. [ Potentilla
Hen Pursh.|—Dry banks, rocky hills, and
eadows, various provinees, N of Coastal
Plain, Tenn. to Colo, Mack, N. B., and
D. C.—Sum.
614 ROSACEAE
12. APHANES L. Annual small caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades digi-
tately lobed or dissected. Flowers minute or inconspicuous, greenish, in small
l
. axillary clusters. ypanthium Mi ded
urceolate, contracted at th,
Petals wanting. Stamens 1-4. Eis. ing
—About 20 species, SUE of the north
temperate zone.
is australis PA Plant pubescent, the
achenes about 1 mm. long. [Alchemilla
arvensis (Chapm. Fl.) ]—(PARSLEY-PIERT.)
—Fields and pastures, various pr ovinees, Ga.
to Tenn. and D. C.—Spr.
13. SANGUISORBA [Rupp.] L. Perennial or rarely annual, caulescent
herbs. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate. Flowers white, or greenish white,
dense heads or spikes. Hypanthium angled,
unarme Sepals petallike, deciduou
Petals 5 wanting. Fi laments mostly clavate.
species, North American.
S. dox dps L. Plant 3-4 dm. tall:
iude 7-15; blades Pra 22 elliptic,
or elliptic- ‘Taneeolate, 1.5-8 long,
rate: spikes 3—15 em. long: se ud als Du OT
oval-ovate, nicum d oblong or euneate,
about 2 mm. 1008, mucronate: iui about
m. e B. & H.]
Plain only northward, Ga. to Mich. and
Lab.—Sum.—
14. POTERIUM L. Caulescent herbs resembling Sanguisorba in habit.
Leaflets with toothed blades. Flowers monoecious or polygamous, greenish,
in dense short peduncled spikes. Hypanth-
j 4-angled. Sepals 4, g
ium 4-ar reen. Petal
want ,1 amindt fl
ers, numerous: filaments elongat Pistils
2: stigmas tufted. ehenes included.—
About 4 species, native of the Old World.
P. Sanguisorba L. Plant 3-8 dm. tall,
dius Or ipe so: leaflets mostly 9—13;
per oe or reniform, varying
obova serrate or crenate:
spikes ashes to ere es an 3-3.5
long: achene abou long.—
(Ganoes BURNET.) — — Ro ae a cult.
unds, various provinces, Md. to Ark.,
Ont., and Me. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.
ROSACEAE 615
. AGRIMONIA [Tourn] L. Perennial, often glandular, caulescent
herbs. Leaf-blades unequally and interruptedly pinnate, with small leaflets
interposed between the larger ones. Flowers small, in virgate interrupted
racemes. Hypanthium fluted, armed with hooked bristles. Sepals green,
persistent. Petals yellow. Stamens 5-15. Filam > subulate Style termi-
nal.—About 15 species, widely distributed.—AGRIMONIES. HARVEST-LICE.
Mature hypanthium with 2-4 series of bristles; these erect, ascending, or merely
spreading: sepals acute. :
Leaflets large (mostly over 2 cm. long); blades serrate or crenate, the teeth
directed forwar
Raceme and Teer surface of the leaflets decidedly pubescent.
Roots not tuberous- thicken ed: leaflets glandular-granulose beneath.
Leaflets 11-27; bla i narrowly lanceolate or elliptic, ans coo ed
mature iypan nthium 2.5-3 mm. long, the outer .
bristles ey canine. p reflex ea: 1. A. parviflora.
Leaflets 5—9: blades broadly lanceolate to p
m
: u
m. long, with erect or Candi cent bristles. 2. A. striata.
Roots M leaflets not glandular-
uliferous or very slightly so, velvety be-
Mature Bus thium campanulate or turbinate,
lo Mun broad, with an coven cusue or
eyiden t stems with the long hairs
Sea or ascendine
Leaflets mostly 1-13; blades, lanceolate to nar-
rowly elliptic ; mature ypanthium with an
evident rim, the outer bristles spreading. 3. A. Bicknellii.
eaflets mostly 5—7 ; blades obovate or oval, or
rarely elliptie; mature hypanthium with an
obsolete rim, t istles erect or ascending. 4. A. pubescens.
Hoe ypanthium broadly obconic, as broad as
nearly so, shorter than the sepals,
Su Boro uer rim: stem with the long
hairs spreadin
M 3 x rar "andes acute: mature hypan-
thiu ually ee than long: leaves
scattered. on the S
. A. platycarpa.
Pe uei 3 E. 5, the lower pair much reduced ; l
a
h
ae ae on the lower part of the stem.
6. A. microcarpa.
Raceme and leaves glabrous or nearly so, but grandular,
granuliferous: roots tuberous-thickened. 7. A. rostellata.
Leaflets sm -2 c long) ; with few, coarse
salient or somewhat recurved n 8. A. incisa.
Mature Een us with several series of bristles, the outer
eflexed : sepals acuminate, with the tips incurved at maturity. 9. A. gryposepala.
parviflora Ait. Stem 3-20 dm. tall, finely Attia and densely
hir sute; B leaflets 11-27; blades 3- 12 ong or rarely smaller,
ongly ned, sharply a sepals
Rn: DIAS eliptic, about 2 mm. long, pale
yellow: o hypanthium short- turbinate,
2.5-3 mm. long, the bristles in 2 series with
an ae rim. [4. Eupatoria Michx. not
L.]—Meadows, stream- pu and rieh Goode
" various provinces, Fla. to mee Nebr., and
N. Y.—(W. I., Mex.)—Spr.-s
2. A. striata Michx. Stem 3-21 dm li,
hirsute and glandular- m e y
leaflets 5-9; blades 3-10 cm. long, serrate
with mucronate teeth: sepals triangular-
ovate: petals obovate, 3-4 mm. long, deep-
yellow: mature hypanthium long-turbinate,
about 5 mm. long, the bristles in 3 or 4
616 ROSACEAE
series, the rim thick. [A. Eupatoria ae Fl. TT fence-rows, and
thickets, various provinces, Ga. to N. M., B. C., and N. S.—Sum
3. A. Bicknellii (Kearney) Rydb. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, densely villous-canes-
cent and also with scattered long hairs: primary leaflets 7-13; blades 3-8 c
nm bel B ovate teeth: sepals ovate, about 1 mm. lon ng: petals elliptic,
abou long, pale 2 e mature hypanthium turbinate, about 3 m
long, "de bristies | in 3 or 4s — Woods and stream-banks, various n
Ga. to Tenn, and Mass.— E
4, A. pubescens Wallr. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, loosely a and also pag
what villous-hirsute: primary leaflets 5—7 (r are ely 9); s 3-8 cm. long o
rarely smaller, with triangular-ovate teeth: Sc di B prn E
petals obovate t . long, deep-yellow pps pce turbi-
nate to campanulate, 2.5-3 mm. long, the bristles in 3 s [A. Eupatoria
mollis (Chapm. Fl.) A. mollis Britton.]—Dry w un mad thickets, various
provinces, Ga. to Ark., Kans., Ont., and N. Y.
5. A. platycarpa Wallr. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, finely pubescent and also spar-
ingly hirsute: primary leaflets 3—5 (rarely : ); bars oval to elliptie, 2-6 em
long, with ovate teeth: sepals ovate, about . long: petals obovate, 1. 5-2
mm. lon 28, light-ye ellow: mature a ceres broadly obeonie, about 2
long a nd 3 wide, the bristles in 2 or 3 series, the rim prominent. - Woods,
various ASN Ga. to Ala. and Pa.—Sum
6. A. seer Wallr. Stem 1-7 dm. tall, finely p s also hirsute:
primary leaflets 3—5; blades P pode to cuneate ong, irs Or
dentate: Bus ovate, about 1.5 mm. long: petals anpii, pin 5 . long,
deep-yellow: mature hypanthium broadly obeonie, 2-2.5 m ong "d about
as wide, the bristles in 2 or 3 series, the rim evident. [4. punti B m
Woods and shaded bos PUE pray een Fla, to E Tex. and Pa.—Sur
7. A. rostellata Wallr. Stem 2-10 dm. tall, sparingly hirsute or nearly gla-
brous: primary leaflets 3-9; blades obo vate o or oval, 3—10 cm. long, serrate
with broadly s nue sepals ovate- lanceolate, “about 1.5 mm. long: ps
p die 2-3 long, pale-yell ow: mature hypant hium hemispherie, abou
. long, the e in about 3 series, the rim obsolete.—Wooded ilies,
my and fence rows, various provinces, Ga. to Ka ans. and Con
fall.
Sum
8. A. incisa T. & G. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, eanescent and Medicis villous:
primary leaflets 7—11; blades dus to elliptic: -obovate, 1-2 em. long, promi-
nently veined: sepals d ena 1.5 mm. long: petals elliptic, "2-3 mm. lon
x yellow: mature hypanthium euis alte: about 2.5 mm. long, the bristles
3 or 4 series. wYPinceads, Nos Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Sum
. A. gryposepala Wallr. Stem 3-18 dm. tall, pubescent with spreading
hairs: La leaflets 7-11; blades oval to obovate, oblanceolate or elliptic,
- aa ong, coarsely serrate with ovate teeth: sepals acuminate, about 2
. lon "m petals obovate, 2.5-3 mm. long, bright-yellow: mature hypanthium
broadly turbinate, 5-6 long, the outer bristles much shorter than the
mm.
inner. [A. hirsuta Bickn.|—Borders of woods and thickets, various provinces,
N. C. to Nebr., N. D., and N. S.; also Calif.—(Mez.)—Sum
. WALDSTEINIA Willd. Acaulescent herbs. Leaf-blades lobed o
divided. Flowers in corymbose cymes. Petals yellow, rounded. Recept E
minute. Carpels and achenes obovoid. Five species, natives of the north
temperate zone.—Spr.—BARREN-STRAWBERRIES. | STRAWBERRY-FOOL
ROSACEAE | 617
Leaf-blades 2 foliolate : style arising abruptly from the ovary.
Pe i ls ice as long as the sepals or longer: sepals mostly ner than the hy-
anthiu . W. fragarioides.
Pe tals long as the ed or shorter: sepals mostly
Hoster eed the hypanthi 2. W. Doniana.
Leaf-blades 3-lobed: style arising "erndualiy from the ovary. 3. W.lobata. |
1. W. fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt. Plant 0.5-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades 3-
foliolate; leaflets em. long, the blades ae to obovate, crenate-lobed
or incised: petals 8-10 mm. long, ce a
m. twi
long as the sepals: style glabrous.—Dam
woods and shaded banks, various pee
N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ind., Minn., and
N. B
2. W. Doniana Tratt. Plant 1—3 dm. tall:
leaflets irregularly crenate or
: A
Ga. to Tenn.
3. x oe pom T. & G. Plant 1-
dm leaf-lobes mucronulate- de
i p onger than the hypanthium: petals á
narrowly elliptic, as long as the Re ls or shorter: A. pubescent at the pase:
—River banks, Coastal Plain dud Piedmont, Ga. to N. C.
7. GEUM L. Herbs. Leaf-blades — 3-foliolate or nies di-
vided. Flowers solitary or in open cymes. als rounded or retus Re-
ceptacle sessile. Carpels numerous: style ane cae te. Head of pac
or achenes, sessile.—A bout 40 species, most abundant in the north temperate |
zone.—Spr.-sum.—AVENS.
Style bent near the apex: petals m veiny, 2-4 mm. long: bractlets obtuse.
Corolla SES d or cream-yellow 1. G. hirsutum.
Corolla whi
a bristly : stem glabrous or softly pilose. 2. G. canadense.
Receptacle glabrous : stem hirsute. 3. G. virginianum.
D D Dear the middle: petals veiny, 6-7 mm. long: bract-
4. G. geniculatum.
1. G. hirsutum Muhl. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, hirsute below: blades of the lower
leaves a A d sepals about twice as long as the braetlets:
achene-body abou [G. ft
(Porter) Bicknell. J- Tickets and open
woods, various provinces N of Coastal
Plain, N. C. to Tenn. Y Ohio, and Conn.
2. G. canadense Jacq. Stem 3-9 dm. tall:
blades of the lower leaves 3- ns ided or pin-
ic a
] [G.
Gmel.]—(REpEo OT. )—Thieke ets and La
woods, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., S.
nd N. S. (
3. G. virginianum L. Similar to G.
dense in habit, ‘but stouter, and D cler Pm an e aco hirsute
heads of achenes 12-16 mm. long: achene-body 2.5-3 mm. long.—Damp thi EE
ets and low grounds, various provinees, N. C. to Mo., Minn., and N. B
618 ROSACEAE
G. geniculatum Michx. Stem 5-9 dm. tall: blades s ox lower leaves
toothed or 3-divided: braetlets linear, about 14 as long as sepals: white,
with darker veins: achene-body 3.5—4. 5 mm. long.—W ooded rd Blue Ri idge,
N. C. and Tenn
18. STYLIPUS Raf. Perennial herbs resembling Geum in habit, but
calyx not accompanied by a series of braetlets. Style elongated and ene
bent near the apex. Head of carpels, or
jd oe —About 3 species, North png
Am CH SMS:
ntan: YN
aves;
1. S. vernus Raf. Stem and branches often
decumbent: blades of the lower leaves both
e pi s about 2 m
m. long:
petals 1n d e the sepals: head
of achen f = diameter: achene-
body 3 m "c Gown vernum T. & G.
— Thickets ‘and open woods, various prov-
in, . to t.
nd N. his of the ‘‘western’’
plants that have migrated N through
the channels of agric
19. SIEVERSIA R. Br. Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades vari-
ous, those of the basal leaves with G blades, those of the cauline
smaller and usually simple. Flowers few
solitary. Petals yellow or sues: as
notched. Carpels numerous: style elongate,
not jointed, pubescent or plumose. About
15 species, of Alpine and arctic regions.
1. S. soar (Michx.) Greene. Plant -
dm. tall, hirsute: basal leaves with lyra
aA Le the terminal division ue
orbieular or reniform 4—]5 em. wide: sepals
acuminate: petals deep- Sloe. 12-18 mm
long, deeply obcordate: achene- ek 3—4
mm. lo [Ge radiatum Michx. ]—
mE Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn. — Sum.
L. Perennial unarmed ereeping herbs. Leaf-blades
me denied Flowers of 2 kinds, some petaliferous, but usually sterile on
long erect unie others apetalous and
fruit-producing hort curved peduncles di Ve
(not further Pared he re). Sepals 5 or E. E
6, the 3 larger _ at least, toothed at the EZ ii EP
apex. Petals mostly 5, white, deciduous. dius
Carpels 5-10. a a cluster of nearly dry
drupelets.—One species.
1. D. repens L. Stem and branches soft-
pubescent: leaf blados ovate to orbicular,
2—5 em. wide, erenate, pubescent on both
sides, cordate, slender-petioled: sepals 6-7
mm. long, pubescent: petals elliptie, oval,
ROSACEAE 619
or ovate, 7-8 ane long: drupelets ellipsoid ovoid, 3-4 mm. long.—(DEw-
DROPS. STAR-VIOLET.)—Woods, often in acid soil, Blue Ridge oe more
provinces, rarely extending into Coastal Plan Soa N. C. to Minn. and
N. B.—Spr.-
RUBACER Rydb. Perennial partly ‘shrubby diffuse plants. Leaf-
"n euin lobed. Flowers corymbose or racemose. Carpels borne
on a flat receptacle. Fruit depressed-hemi-
spheric or near "i flat.—About 3 species,
North Ameri
1. R. odoratum (L.) Rydb. Stem 1-2 m
p clammy-pubescent : a blades 5-30
ey 3—5 lobed: sepals elongate, each
NA ovate or wed -ovate ody a and a
a appen ndage: petals rose-purple
ad: fruits
atus L.
BERRY-ROSE. E. THIMBLE -BERRY. )—Roe eky banks
and woods, various provinces N of Coastal
Plain, Ga. to Mich. and N. 8S. om
22. RUBUS [Tourn.] L. Perennial erect or trailing shrubs. Leaf-blades
simple or 3-7-foliolate. Flowers solitary or variously disposed. Petals white
to purple. Carpels borne on a convex or conic receptacle. Fruit hemispheric
or elongate, composed of drupelets.—About 200 species, most een in the
north temperate regions.—Spr.— RASPBERRIES. BLACKBERRIES. BRAMBLES.—
r. or early sum.—The stems are biennial in our species. The shoo " " the
season, called turions, arise from the scaly subterranean buds.—The following
treatment is based on that of Per Axel Rydberg in North Ameriean Flora.
Drupelets united into a thimble-like aggregate fruit which falls away oo the dry
receptacle.—RASPBERRIES. I. IDA
Drupelets united and on the fleshy receptacle or falling off
together Es the receptacle, or falling away separately.
LACKBERRIES.
Shoots of the 2n (turions) erect: stems erect, arch-
ing, or re
Blades of De TS white-tomentose beneath. II. Ve MN
Blades of the leaflets not white-tomentose beneath. III. ARGUTI
Shoots of the season EE ORE) and stems pr EA IDEA only
oral branches
nu Mrd: Sot pri OR leaves deciduous, except in
hispidus in which the leaflets are 'obovate.
Stern prickly and prickles confined to the angles of
the stem. IV. PROCUMBENTES.
ec m rare d numerous bristles which are not
e angles. V. HISPIDI.
inore cede with Aenea prickles : leaves persistent :
blades of the leaflets oblanceolate or elliptic. VI. TRIVIALES.
I. IDAEI
opp white; petals erect or ascending.
Inflorescence corymbiform : n dd ues when with
han 3 leaflets, peda tely com nd. 1. R. occidentalis.
Talo once racemose: fruits red: Tenge: when with more
than aflets, pinnately compound. 2. R. carolinianus.
Corolla rose or purple ; petals incumbent, 21 to the
stamens: stem densely hispid, but not glandu la 3. R. phoenicolasius.
II. DISCOLOR
Blades of the lateral leaflets cuneate to » obovate : blade of the
terminal leaflet entire near the base 4. R. cuneifolius.
620 ROSACEAE
Blades of the lateral leaflet Peny ovate: blade of the ter-
minal leaflet toothed to the base
III. ARGUTI
Inflorescence densely clothed with long-stalked glands.
Inflorescence glandless, or the se eue glands, if present,
hidden in the other pubescene
M d UE leaflets markedly pubescent beneath.
cence elongate-ramose: young branches more
pe istinctly angled: prickles ae blades of
f cn 1
Inflorescence short-corymbiform : ng branches te-
rete: prickles at least on the branches eurved and
fiattened : leaflets Mod e DE ent be neath.
Prickles ind. y hooked and flattened, at least on the
flor
Prickles, ir present, Eum ight and t
stem tall, "BE usually unarmed.
Stems T. 1 a ‘tall or "E AQ or nearly SO,
Sparingly retrorse- priekly ect
IV. PROCUMBENTES
Dlades of the leaflets markedly pubescent beneath.
Prickles strongly flattened and curv
Prickles terete or nearly so, rather weak
Bla des oe E leaflets light- -green and firm, shining
abov gularly toothe
ee des p tiia M ad dark-green and very thin, irregu-
arly tooth
Bl d Ns ue leaflets glabrous or sparingly pubescent on the
eneath
Leafiets of the flow vering branches thin, the blades crenate-
rate with ovate teeth : stem with weak prickles.
Leaflets of the flowering branches firm, the blades serrate
with lanceolate teeth: stem with firm prickles.
V. His
Plant with slender, prostrate, often Dui ae blades
of the leaflets thin, but firm, shining above.
VI. Trivi
mede m t leaflets of turions ovate, epe or lanceolate,
serrate with triangular te eth.
ECs usually several-flowered: stems decidedly
prickly, but not at all bristly.
Inflorescence usually 1-flowered: stems usually bristly as
well as prickly.
no of the eat ces of turions oval or obovate, doubly
toothed with ovate teeth.
Leaflets comparatively thin, turions obtuse or acute,
Leaflets firm and thick, turions short-acuminate.
* R. occidentalis L. Stems arching, 3 m. long or less,
tip, glaucous, the prickles somewhat flattened, recurved:
3-foliolate or individually ped 5- ed -
late, ne leaflet-blades o , 5—8 ©
long, double serrate, a lobe d, ae
ruptly can (c oe rk-green above, white-
tomentose be neath, inded or co ordate at the
base: e 3-foli Slate; leaflet-blades similar
to those the stem but sm aller: corymbs
ovate-lanceolate sepals: fruit hemi-
ic, dar lui i
and thie various provinces, in Coastal
Plain ig wa Ga. to Colo., Minn.,
and N. B.
terminal, re EUN peduncles and pedi-
cels prickly, tomentose: petals shorter than
E
c
FT
oe
e g
15. R.
17. R.
18. R.
19. R.
20. R.
often
leaves
ve
Linkiants.
. nigrobaccus.
. argutus.
. floridus.
. betulifolius.
. canadensis.
. Enslenii.
. rhodophyllus.
. invisus.
. Baileyanus.
Enslenii.
flagellaris.
. hispidus.
lucidus.
trivialis.
cont inentalis.
rubrisetus
rooting at the
of the turions
ROSACEAE 621
2. R. carolinianus Rydb. Stems erect or ascending, 3 m. long or less, aed
bristly and hispid, with most of the bristles gland-tipped: ais ie m E
3—7 -foliolate, un 5-foliolate, deciduous; ]leaflet-blades
m te, 5-8 cm. lon ng, long-ae s euh the apex, doubly- bcn. wlabrat
ove, densely ome tomentose beneath, rounded or acute at the base: leaves
of the floral nee Nos 3- foliolate: leaflet. ‘blades more grea fea those
of the stem-leaves: usters and in upper p
axils: pedunele aud pe edicels pde els p rum Ra OU Yo
long as the ovate sepals: m hemispherie, red: drupelets numerous, Babee:
cent. “LE. strigosus (Fl. —(RED-RASPBERRY. WILD RED-RASP-
BERRY.)—Thickets and open Sd Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn
R. pho a Maxim. Stems 2-2.5 m. long, covered like the branches
abov
densely white-tomentulose beneat hypanthium densel glandular- -bristly :
petals about 1/3 as E as uA linear- Mp ra sepals: fruit ovoid, cherry-
red, about 1 cm. broad.—(WINEBERRY. )—Thicket fence- -rows, and roadsides,
various provinces, nearly aer E U. S. Nat. of Japan.—Spr.
R. cune ifolius ide Stems erect, 0.5—1.5 m deu more or less tomentose,
the priekles straight or somewhat recurved: leav ze the turions pedately
3—5-foliolate; leaflet- blades obovate or cuneate ee thick, dark-green aa
sparingly pilose e glabrate above, white- tom vu id d finely serrate ex-
cept towards the acute or cune ate base : floral bra s 1-3 dm . long: leav
p. fololte lenit blades 2-4 em. long, more cun B or cuneate- Rel
mbs wered, tomentose and prickly: ais white- an entose Oo
t si ‘idee: petals obo orate to elliptic, 8— = mm. long: fruit black, rather d
but well- flavored, LER. EDD id, 10— 19 m m. long.—( LATE-BLACKBERRY. girl
BERRY. SAND-B y.)—Sa ndy woods, mom sie fields, Coastal Plai
and adj. oe: Fla. to La. and Conn.—Two spec of this relationelip
have been proposed by Bailey: E. heros ' from pen Fla has fruiting gre
ultimately lying on the ground, ian me short-acute leaflets, and flowers on
long erect pedicels; AE. probabilis, ranging from Fla. o Md., has BC or `
diffuse fruiting stems with relatively large etiem Aer leaflets a flowers
in open corymb-like clusters
5. R. Linkianus Ser RE erect, 1-2 m. tall, finely soft-pubescent, the priek-
les flat, more or less : reeurved: leaves of the flo ral branches 3-foliolate or indi-
vidually 1- d l rn blades d oval, or obovate, green ud gla abrous
above, white-t tulose beneath, rounded or subcordate at the base: flowers
in Pone e posu sepals densely white tomentose on both sides: petals
obovate, 7-10 mm. long: fruit black.—Woods, roadsides, and waste-places,
locally escaped from cult., Fla. to Md. Nativity unknown.—The flowers are
frequently double
R. nigrobaccus Bailey. Stems erect, 3 m. tall ws hod pen arching,
bids and angled, villous when young, the priekles s t, fat, u ually some-
urve S0 u
abruptly a. doubly serrate’ fora l branches ein desees 3 -foliola ate;
leaflet-blades smaller a nd les minate than the others: corymbs raceme-
like, somewhat i bd ion cles and pedicels rura and glandular-
hispid: petals oval or elliptic, 10-15 mm. long: fruit black, ex ian dn
sometimes short, mostly 1-1.5 em. long. [2£. villosus (Chapm F1)]—
woods and thickets, various provinces, N. C. to Ark., Ill, and N.
622 ROSACEAE
R. argutus Link. shee erect or arching, 2 m. long or less, glabrous,
d furrowed, the prickles stout, spreading, flattened: leaves of the
turions pedately 5-foliolate, "ae: iduous; "le aflet-blades ovate, 3 g,
acuminate, bly serrate dark-g above, softly and rather densely
us
t 7 nded or subcordate at the
base: floral branches 1-2 dm. lo ong, densely villous and rarely slightly glandu-
d den - is or some of the upper ones 1-foliolate; leaflet-blades ovate
val: s few-flowered, short and represented by single flowers in the
d iat exils- peduneles an nd T a eae ey and with curved
prickles: petals orbicular to oval, about long, much exceeding the sepals:
fruit slightly elongate, 10-12 mm. tae ea ee
Thiekets and woods, various provinces, N. C. to La., Kans., and N. S.—A
dni plant from Buncombe Co., N. C., with 5- -foliolate leaves on n the turions,
and firm leaflets with em coarsely fog lied blades, has been described as A.
Crux Ast he. Another from Tallahassee, Fla., with erect or ascending inflores-
cence- branches, M ad of spreading, has been described as RE. tallahasseanus
Bailey. R. ostryifolius Rydb. may be a hybrid between E. argutus x Ensleni.
8. R. floridus Tratt. m erect, 2-5 m ,iigh, or the MAE decumbent,
more or less angled, the prickles stout, flat, strongly curved: leaves of the
turions 3- 5-foli olate: pm and petiolu olu les pilose nd sparingly prickly:
xs blades cg de -lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-10 em. long, sparingly
pubescent above, pale and more densely puberulent iur but in age nearly
bu except t the ME sharply double-serrate: floral branches Bo leaves
3-foliolate or the upper unifoliolate; leaflet-blades smaller more gla abrate,
elliptic to rhombic-oval: corymbs rather few-flowered, re less lea afy;
in ie and Dis deme pubescent, Ep p with ni ed glands,
but not d petals n obovate, 1 ong: fruit thimble- bec e
about 1 em. long, bla ck.—Pinelands and fields, qu Plain and adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Va. ee. frondosa Bigel. with nearly terete siraighi
prickles and broadly odas leaflets, appears not to range south of Va.
. R. usce ea pois: o angled, = prickles recurved and
strongly flattened, er ved-spreading: leaves of the turions 5-folio-
late; lea T blades elliptic. deu. evenly serr ae thin, glabrous on bo
sides: one Pii p Re and m idveins with very flat recurved prickles, gla-
brous nea flowering e -2 dm. long, wi j
ve e
Ses 3. folielete, ped blades oval or elliptie, thin, glabrous, evenly serrate,
shining above: corymbs somewhat leafy-bracted below, sparingly Pm
and armed with recurved prickles: petals elliptic. -obovate, aan long:
fruit rounded or slightly elongate, black—Swamps and wet ee oods,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ill., and Va.—A peer boe.
from Uceta, Fla. with the blades of the leaflets of the turions very broad,
that of the terminal one cordate or subeordate, has been described as R.
ucetanus Bailey.
10. R. canadensis L. Stems erect or arching, 4 long or less, glabrous,
with rounded angles and furrows, unarmed or with feu straight weak prickles:
leaves of the aay Bus ely 5- folioate, decidu ie Rana blades ovate to
db mostly 6—15 em. long, abruptly long-acum , thin, RF rply serrate,
glabrous or with Aes seated hairs above, spem Or £ pubescen on veins
beneath, rounded or subcordate at ips base: floral bra pea ually 3-
foliolate leaves lea fet- blades oval or nearly so, mostly "m em. ia ; raceme
several-flow red, terminal, often le ae below: peduncles and pedicels pilose or
villous: pet tals oval, 10— 15 m mm. long: fr uat ues a 1-1.5 em. long, black.
is Millspaughii pum D ESS-BI )—Woods and cliffs, Blue
inees, N. C. to Mich à per Ne wf.—R. Randti (Bailey)
Byab,, pete en p nd stems, is not definitely known from our range.
E —- ——
Pe ur E
ROSACEAE 623
11. R. rhodophyllus Rydb. Stems decumbent, Fara pubescent or in age
rouge the B diio flattened only at the base; Ls of the turions
not s flowering brane 1 dm. long or less, villous: leaves 3-foliolate;
leaflet. blades broadly cae or ovate finely and simply serrate with h broad
boe ips teeth, elosely pee tag epee beneath, sparingly hairy or glabrate
orymb ’ few -flow sepa vate, mucronate, villous or tomentose
tomentulose within : Pa obovate, 10-12 mm. long.—Dry wo ods and
folds een Plain, E Fla. to S Mis
12. R. invisus pen, Britton. Stems decumbent or ascending, 1-2 m. long
or less, glabrous, terete, the priekles weak and straight: leaves of the o
pedately 5-foliolate; blades of b: leaflets ovate to orbieular-ovate, 4—10
long, abruptly short- -acuminate, thin, glabrous or e ngly pubescent on both
us eoarsely and rather evenly ae D nded o der ds at the base, or
those of the narrower lateral leaflets acute at the bas : floral branehes 1. 5-2.5
dm. Tor ng; leaves 3-foliolate or individua ally 1 fools: leaflet-blades ovate or
oval: shee solita ry in the upper axils or 1, 2, or 3 together at the ends of
the bran peduncles and pedicels villous and more or less glandular-
hispid: A elliptic, 1-1.5 em. long: fruits hemispheric, 1.5-2 cm. in
diameter, black.—Open woods, ener and clearings, various provinces N of
Coastal Plain, N. C. to Ont. and Con
13. R. ieri uad pud Stems decumbent, trailing, 1—2 ^n long, gla-
brous, sparingly armed wi mall, reeurved prickles: leaves of the turions
3-foliolate, or rarely 5- foliolate, deciduous: leaflet- blades softly pubescent,
S
ering br es 3-foliol wi al ovate, doub oothed, and some-
what lobed blades, or 1-foliolate and with an orbicular-ovate or cordate often
3-lobed blade: flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, one, or e-
i 2 or 3 t n f the branches, the peduncles inu pilose: petals
elliptic, 10-14 mm. long: fruit he emispheric, black, 10-15 mm. in diameter, the
dru upelets glabrous —Hillsides and thickets, various provinces N of Coastal
ain, N. kla., Kans., Ont., and Mass.—RA. roribaccus Rydb. appears
to be a hybrid between R. [X Das flagellaris.
14, R. Enslenii Tratt. Stems glabrous, ultimately prostrate or ascending,
1.5 m. long or less, sparingly pod uM -priekly: leaves of the turions 3-foliolate:
leaflet-bla E glabrous or n ly pubescent on the veins, pe ciliate, mem-
rh o ser of the
flowering pesa e 3. ‘foliolate, with ades similar to thos of the other leaves
but smaller and relatively broade er or l-foliolate: flowers mostly solitary at
the ends of the branches: pedicels glabrous or nearly so: petals elliptic. -obovate,
12-18 ae long: fr uit hemispheric, black. Rage soil, ~ Plain extend-
ing into adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and M related plant, from
` the Eom s of N. C. wi ith tel turions, petiol es, and ‘pedicels oe stalked
glands and two kinds of pc kles on rions, has been described as R.
she. R. " 5 i j
relationship, is described as being 2—4 m. tall and growing in dense clumps,
the stems glabrous, the leaflets rough- -pubescent beneath, the racemes 4-8-
flowered.
15. R. flagellaris Willd. Stem prostrate, often greatly Ed En
with seattered, rather weak, recurved priekles: leaves of the tur 8—5-folio
Jate; leaflet- bla des pubescent on both sides, often only on the ram benea th,
ay apr angry: broadly ovate or rhombic- M eoarsely doubly se (io
h
Í pains g branches 3-foliolate with blades usually obovate
oblanceolate: flow Sip eue n the upper axils or rarely 2—4 together; pedicels
sparingly villous: qe elliptie-obovate, 10-15 mm. long: fruit hemispheric
624 ROSACEAE
to conic, black. [R. canadensis (Chapm. Fl.) E. procumbens (Fl. SE. U. S.) E
subunifforus Rydb. T s o ‘hillsides and old fields, various provinces,
Ala. to Mo., Minn., and Me.; reported also from Fla.
16. R. hispidus L. Stems prostrate and trailing, 2 m. long or less slender,
gla abrous, re trorsely bristly: leaves of the turions 3 oh or rarely pedately
5-foliolate, persistent; leaflet-blades broadly ovate to rhombic-obovate, thickish,
inate, S een ini
mostly ae or abrupt hort-acumi glabrous, dark- n g
bove, coarsely doubly serrate with n eeth oral branches erect,
their leaves 3-foliolate or individually 1-foliolate: leaflet-blades obovate, usu-
ally rounded e apex: flowers few together at the e of the branches
and
lose-puberulent and bristly or unarmed : petals pud abou
fruit globular or irregular, 1 E in diameter or less, ies ed Or vei the
drupelets few.—(SWAMP- DEWBER cr —Low woods and meadows, often
in aeid soil, various provinces, Ga. to Mich. and N. S.
: ers few togeth d
sometimes 1 or 2 in the upper leaf-axils: peduncles and dia ded bd
long:
E. lucidus Rydb. Stems trailing, 1-2 m. long, terete, rather slender, the
mriekles recurved, flattened: leaves of the turions mostly 5- foliola te, persistent,
somewhat leathery in age; leaflet-blades lanceolate, acute, g abrous on both
ides, reg ini
nehes 1-2 dm. :
leaves 3-foliolate; leaflet-blades a flowers in term 2—6- foes
corymbs: ns F 225 sparingly pubescent and decidedly doe
petals obovate, 12-1 Ns fruit e rather dry. [R. per
Rydb. ]—Open dern Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S
18. R. trivialis Meses Stems prostrate and trailing, 5-20 dm. long, slender,
terete, m or hispid and with small, slightly flattened prickles: leaves
of the turions “5. 5 foliolate, persistent; leaflet-blades glabrous, subcoriaceous,
x ve, an
maller, more elliptic oval, rounded, obtuse, o oi aeu owers
(ean 1, mostly PAM pe edun eles 2-5 e . long, Aus Or pe p Ne and
prickly: aoe white, obovate, 10-15 mm. LU fruit usually ellipsoid, black,
10-15 mm. long.—(SoUTHERN-DEWBERRY.)—Thickets, open woods, pus pus
Coastal | Plain, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and Va.—An infusion made from t erb-
age is used by the Seminoles in cases of stomach trouble.—4A segregate oe this
species, E. mississippianus Bailey, from the coastal region of Mississippi, has
narrower leaflets on i turions, the blades being mostly elliptic p elliptic-
lanceolate and acumin
19. R. continentalis (Focke) Bailey. Stems Hes or perennial, 2 m. long
or less, procumbent or trailing, bristly and armed with small, flat, recurved
pr riekles: leaves of the turions or trailing jm. 5-foliolate; blades thin, elliptie
iube ba glabrous, doubly serrate with rather ere teeth, acute
obtuse at both ends: leaves of the prickle-armed flowering branches 5-
foliolate below, 3- foliola te Aa wars relatively broader rues those of the
m-lea wers solitary at the ends of the branches: pedicels
slightly prr dis and ar Bn: with weak, flat, recurved prickles: peta
white, oval, about 1 cm. long: fruit ee somewhat elongate, 1-2 cm. long.
[R. carpinifolius Rydb. not Weihe & Nees.]—River E bottom lands =
rshes, Coastal Plain and foe D once » Okla.
e shore O
stalked on eane-like, foliose ee and leaves with very broad cordate or sub-
ay post pe ally undivided d has Pus deseribed a n Kd A is
nts differing from R. and R.
T devoid ur s but with flat- based pret have ieu ded by
\
ROSACEAE 625
ailey: R. ictus, ranging from ipd in Miss., pe og p on weakly
armed pedicels and narrow leaflets o e young s ; R. mirus, from Fla.
has Ma large flowers on stout- imd End ds oe browd leaflets on the new
shoo
g stem
and Mi ie oval, obovate or lan en glabrous except the veins beneath;
acute at the base, short ununi the apex, irregularly serrate: leaves of
the flowering bran hes = 5-fo PEE p more obtuse than those of the
turions; flowers 3—7 in small 1 corymbs, e pus iae below:
pedun cles um pr els pend rbristiy and sometim mall prickles,
both prickles and bristles red; sepals t pea PIOS P "both s As Dig. short-
acuminate with subulate tips: petals white, oval, . long: fruit 1.5-2 cm.
long, ellipsoid, very sweet t and juicy, the dru aati putei d —River banks,
ditches, marshes and lowlands, Coastal Plain, La. to Mo.
23. NEVIUSIA A. Gray. Shrubs. Leaf-blades simple, toothed. Flowers
id. Sepal
many, borne in open cymes. Calyx corolloid. epals 5, whitish, toothed,
much larger than the attis a a A
Petals wanting. Stamens numerous; fila-
ments white, mos id 2-4, the
bodies pubescent: style elongate: stigma
inute, introrse. Achene drupe-like.—One
ain
alabamensis A. Gray. Stems and
vtae 6-15 dm. tall: ied Aures Tiris
to e or som rhombic
2-7 e ong, doubly iis: eae elliptic
to SR 8-12 mm. long, incised-serrate
above the middle: achenes ovoid, 4—5 mm.
long.—(SNOW-WREA ime-
stone cliffs, AL nod "Valley and Plateau,
—Spr.
Ala.—Spr
; RIA DC. Shrubs. Leaf-blades simple, toothed, often somewhat
incised. Flowers solitary or several together. Hypanthium hemispheric.
Calyx herbaceous: sepals 5, broad, not
toothed. Petals 5, yellow. Stamens nu-
merous. Pasa els 4—6, the bodies glabrous:
style stigma inute. Achene
drupe-like, p p: Or om solitary, very
turgid.—One species.
ponica DC. Stem and branches
e
cent: Ro elliptie to ovate or obovate,
becoming 9-11 em. long, erose at the apex:
petals yellow, ovate to orbicular-ovate or
suborbicular, 20-28 mm. long: achene
obliquely ero 4.5-5.5 mm. ae (Gron. -FLOWER. JAPANESE- — —Roa
ides and f ern
id fa)
is the double- fiewered form
40
626 ROSACEAE
25. ROSA [Tourn.] L. Prickly ipie sometimes vine-like. Leaf ad
hium
en ined pinnate. Flowers solitary or orymbs, often showy. Hypan
urceolat fare ore or less AMEN Petals 5, broad. Stamens many.
Achenes mes nelosed in the pulpy hypanthium. Many species, nur more
than 100, wi widely nnd in the Northern Hemisphere.—Spr.-sum.—Ros
—The following treatment is based on that of Per Axel Rydberg in ed
American Flora.
Styles much exserted,.united, about equalling the stamens: stipules di sepals
reflexed. I. SYNSTYLAE.
Styles not exserted or only slightly so; stigmas s aggregated into
a head which closes the mouth of the hypanthium.
Stipules almost eee from the petiole: naturalized climbing
or trailing
Leaflets 3-5 : brin ies glabrous: stipules small, entire. II. LAEVIGATAE.
Leaflets 5-9 : branches eee stipules pectinate, III. BRACTEATAE.
Stipules noe ate to the petiole: erect, or rarely climbing
plants
Achenes "borne both in the inner walls and in the bot-
tom of the hypanthium which is elabrous or glandu-
Ene only at the base: prickles rarely infra-
sti IV. CANINAE.
Achenes. Dorie in the bottom of the glandular-hispid
: hypanthium: vans Ded. Den borne on the stem,
the shoots usually bri V. CAROLINAE.
a SYNSTYLAE
Stipules pectinate. 1. R. multiflora.
Stipules entire or denticulate.
Leaves of the flowering branches with 5-7 leaflets : petals
ite. 2. R. moschata.
Leaves of the flo owering branches with 3, or rarely 5, leaf-
lets : petals pink.
Blades of the Taa glabrous or slightly pubescent on
the veins beneath, dark-green and shining above. 3. R. setigera.
Blades ds the leaflets velutinous beneath, rather dull
abov 4, R. rubifolia.
II. LAEVIGATAE
Eo narrowed at the apex: hypanthium and fruit
bris 5. R. laevigata.
III. BRACTEATA
Leaflet-blades rounded at the apex: hypanthium i fruit pu-
berulent. 6. R. bracteata.
IV. CANINAE
Leaflets glandular-pruinose beneath: blades manifestly doubly
serrate with gland-tipped teeth.
Stem with straight or eh straight prickles. T. R. tomentosa.
Stem with strongly curved prickles
"Blades of the leaflets “suborbicular to broadly oval,
mostly rounded at the x: mature hypanthium obo-
void or broadly ellipsoid, eae contracted at the
apex: sepals pem denas or somewhat per-
sistent: styles pubes 8. R. rubiginosa.
Blades of the leaflets pesos acute or short-acuminate :
mature hypanthium narrowly ellipsoid, ee at
bot d ends: sepals rather early deciduous: styles gla-
brous or nearly so. 9. R. micrantha.
Leaflets Bob aa Bence tis blades singly serrate or some-
what doubly serrate. 10. R. canina.
V. CAROLINAE
Infrastipular prickles decidedly curved.
Blades of the leaflets finely serrulate, elliptic or oblanceo-
late: prickles short and stout. :
M is: uu 7: flowers usually corymbose on erect
bran mature hypanthium about 12 mm. thick. 11. R. palustris.
get d on spreading branches: mature hypanthium 8-
d i 12. R. floridana.
Blades of "the aflets coarsely serraté, oval or obovate. 13. R. virginiana.
Infrastipular prickles straight or nearly so.
ROSACEAE 627
Blades of the leaflets membra
Blades of the ee erenate, "rounded at the apex : flow-
ers corymbose ms epu or oe so. 14. R. obtusiuscula.
Blades of the leaflets TS cute or acuminate.
Blades of the leaflets shining bore. flowers usually
corymbose: prickles stout and flattened at the
13. R. virginiana.
Blades of the leaflets not shining: flowers usually
solitary, or es ry a few together: prickles
Blades of the leaflets manifestly pubescent be-
a
T
rd
eu
eath. . Lyoni.
eee be the leaflets EU or pubescent only
he veins benea
Leaflets with Sadie ‘teeth. 16. R. carolina.
MUT with glandular teeth: rachis usually
ular. 17. R. serrulata.
Blades of the leaflets subcoriaceous. 18. R. lancifolia.
1. R. ltiflora Thunb. Stem m. tall, climbing, reddish, the prickles
mostly a. o e ‘fattened’ leaflets 5-9, deciduous; blades
obovate or ee , 2-3.5 em. lo ong, o e or
acute, sharply serrate, dull above, is sh- Of
green pus softly Ani petiolulate: b
flowers in pyramidal corymbs, often many
peer
ovate-lanceolate, 12— mm. long, short-
acuminate or with lanceolate appendages,
densely-pubescent, the outer often lobed, in
it reflexed and deci
m. ma
igo to ellipsoid, pubescent.—(JAPAN-
ESE-ROSE. )—Thickets and roadsides, various
provinces, Ala. to Md. Nat. of E Asia.—
(C. A.)
. R. moschata Mill Stem several m. long,
sarmentose or climbing, the prickles scattered, somewhat curved, rather stro ong:
leaf- dore EE glandular: leaflets 5—7; blades oval, elliptic, or lanceolate-
elliptic, 1.5-7 em. long, more or less acuminate, say e -serrate, bos y pubescent
and ae ben ath, more or js persistent: flow orym : pedicels more
or less E hispid: sepals narrowly CEN C imus caudate-
attenuate, 15-20 mm. long, glandular and pubescent without, tomentose
ithin, soon reflexed and in fruit PA the outer PE lobed: petals
1 p
mm. lon
nd glandular.—(MUSK-ROSE.)—Roadsides, waste-places, id about gardens,
Coastal Plain, Ala. Nat. of S Asia.—(W. I.)
3. R. setigera Miehx. Stems 2-5 m. long, eain E bo Rene
beg eurved, flattened: leaflets 3, or on the shoots so es 5, the
median long- petiolulate, the lateral ones KETA ins res s quud Or
rarely ovate, 4-9 cm. long, dark-green, glabrous and shin ing above, pale and
glabrous me jeath: flowers ue epe ‘glandular-hispid: sepals glandu-
lar-hispid on the back: petals 2-3 c ong, pink: mature hypanthium globose
to broadly ellipsoid, more or n pen. hispid.— rA -ROSE.) — Thickets,
low-grounds, and woods, various provinces, N Fla. to Kans., Ky., and N. C.;
also E E further N E
4. R. rubifolia R. Br. Stems 2—4 m. long, climbing, glabrous, the prickles
curved, flattened, scattered: eaf rachis glandular and sometimes ee
eafle
ely 5; S at g
abruptly acuminate, serrate with gland-tipped teeth, glabrous and he: aul
above, pale and densely short-villous, almost velutinous beneath: flower
628 ROSACEAE
corymbose: pedicels glandular-hispid: i pee Man pus e long, hri
acuminate, glandular as well as pubescent on : petals 1.5-2.5 ong,
pink: mature hypanthium globose or iu a *llipsoi, glandular hispid
purple.—Woods, thickets, and fence-rows, various prov N of Coastal
Plain, Ga. to Tex., Wis., and Ont.—Specimens of a PR a of the group
INDICAE, with di stinet exsert ted syles, have ida collected at Mobile, Ala. The
plant has small obtuse leaflets and small flow
R. laevigata Michx. Stems 2-5 long or more, oe climbing, the
dm stout, recurved, more or pes flattened, rarely with some intermixed
bristles: leaflets 3 or rarely 5; blades lanceolate or epe, rape E but sharply
serrate, evergreen, subcoriaceous, glabrous, dark-green and ig BÉ e,
paler and retieulate beneath, petioluled: flower rs solita i edun d hy-
pe
panthium strongly ^ e sepals often more - less HN cen. ‘eae
cuneate-obcordate, 3—4 cm. long, white or rarely pink: mature hypanthium
pyriform, bristly, 3.5-4 em. lon KR. cherokeensis Donn.]— (CHEROKEE-ROSE.)
—W oods, roadsides, and thickets, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex.
and N. C. Nat. of China.— —(W. I.)
6. R. br priae Wendl. Stems greatly elongate, usually decumbent or sar-
mentose, the prickles usually pa aired, stout, recurved: leaflets eo pd
pu e mi eath,
reen and shining above, paler beneath, obov val, finely serrulate, end
i w to me
on both sides: petals white or pink. about 3 cm. long, dee ceply E
eee nypan nthium Bids ; 2 em. long, densely tomentose.— (Mac-
HEDG E.)—Pine woods, iud and thickets, Coastal
Plain, Tla. to Tex. and Va. Nat. of China — (F. I -)
R. tomentosa Smith. Stems 2 m. tall or less, often with elongate drooping
e s, the priekles straight or nearly straight, often paired, some
flattened toward the base: e rachis villous and dlandular-hispid sometimes
prickly: leaflets 5-9; blades oval or ovate, 2—4 em. long, acute or short-
acuminate at the apex, a. at the base, more or less doubly serrate, finely
appressed-pubescent above, villous and glandular-pruinose beneath: flowers
solitary = few together: pedicels often glandular-hispid: sepals lanceolate,
the
about 2 em. long, glandular on the margins and on t ack, odds usually
more or Jess lobed, tardily UE before the ripening of the fruit: petals
ES "ie m. long, pale-pink: mature hypanthium globose or DRE ellipsoid,
m. long, often glandular hispid at the base.—Rieh soil and thickets,
ear Plain, N. C. and Tex. Nat. of Eu.
R. rubiginosa L. Stems 2 m. tall or more, climbing or reclining, t
adco oe flattened, curved, sometimes accompanied by bristles: eat
rachis glandul ae and prickly; leaflets 5—7; blades suborbicular
broadly oval, 1-3 e . long, rounded at both ends or acutish at the apex, 1-3
em. long, doubly eso with gland-tipped teeth, densely glandular-pruinose
beneath: flowers 1—4 together, P oA foliaceous bracts: pedicels glandu-
lar-hispid: sepals lanceolate, ong, caudate-attenuate, ultimately
spreading, tardily decidu ous: reg right-ink, 1.5-2 em. long: mature
ypanthium pyriform or ellipsoid, 12-15 mm. long, orange or scarlet, often
Ga. to
Ont, and N. S. Nat. of Eu.—The bruised leaves give off the fragrance of
ripe apples. |
R. micrantha Smit h. Stems 4 m. long or less, climbing or reclining, the
prickles uniform, hooked, flattened: leaf-rachis pubescent and glandular-
ROSACEAE 629
E rarely prickly: leaflets te Riu pcd ovate, = em. long, rounded
at the base, short-acuminate apex or less pubescent on both
ee pa den rid ae ae ben ath, Aon ub s errate wit gland-
tipped teeth: flowers 1—4 together: enia ‘glandular hispid, 1-2 em. lon
sepals EE “eaudate-attenuate, 12-18 mm. long, glandular-hispid on the
back, tomentose within, mo r less lobed: pe etals 10-15 mm. long, pi
mature hypanthium aoa ellipsoid 15-20 mm. long, tapering at is h ends,
glabrous.—Roadsides, banks, and open woods, various provinces, S. C. to Tex
and Mass.; also Wash. and Ore. Nat. Eu.
10. R. Pos anina L. Stems erect, 2-3 m. tall, upright, terete, the prickles ae
form, stout, curved, flattened: leaf- Po often gla nel -hispid, otherwi
SD ; leaflets 5- 7; blades oval o ate, 1—4 em. long, acute, glabrous
both sides, shining above, n not at al T beneath exeept rarely so on
mi i le : to
lobes, in fruit reflexed and deciduous: petals about 2 em. long, pink: matu
hypanthium ellipsoid, 16-20 m en, acute at both ends, glabrous, orange,
red, or scarlet.— (Doa-ROSE Do -BRIER. BRAMBLE-ROSE.)— Waste places, hill-
sides, and woods, various provinces, Tenn. to D. C. and Mass. Nat. of Eu.
11. R. palustris Marsh. Stems erect, 0.3-2 m. tall, sometimes reddish, gla-
brous, the priekles strong, but rather shor rt, ati, usuall y paired, flattened at
the base: leaf-rachis pubescent, rarely prickly, not glandular or rarely slightly
so: leaflets 7, rarely 9; blades lanceolate- “elliptic, or oblanceolate on vigorous
shoots, sometimes elliptic, usually acute at both oe —6 em. long, finely and
closely serrulate, with simple non-glandular teeth, dull, dark- -green, glabrous or
finel
nearly so above, paler and more or less finely appressed-puberulent beneath, at
least on the veins, short-petioluled flowers usually eor ymbose, sometimes soli-
tary: pedicels short, usu Sa glandular-hispid: ue rrowly oe
eaudate-attenuate, 2— 2.5 e m. long, sometimes lien are tips, glandula
hispid on the back, tomentose within and on the iad ree reflexed spre ading
after anthesis, soon deciduous: petals pink, 1.5- 2c long: mature hypanthium
subglobose or somew what a sed, o 12 m Ep] i usually
due at the bas [R. Pa 1762. Not 1753. ap hears uum
Swamps and low ums various Ee in Fla. to Miss. Minn.,
oridana Rydb. S l m. tall or less, with spreading branches,
y vate, em. a nd, fine
serrulate, with simple, pi neni teeth, dull a n dark- bii and glabrous
above, somewhat paler and usually glabrous beneath: flowers usually o
rarely in pairs: pedicels e glandular: ari linear- Duci c audate-
attenuate, 2-2.5 cm. long, glandular- hispid on the back, tomen RN p the
margins, reflexed after anthesis and soon deciduous: ner bo dis 1.5-2
cm. long, pink: mature hil ge o se or somewhat depressed, glandular-
hispid, 8-9 m thiek.—Open woods, low-ground, and river-banks, Coastal
Plain, E Fla. to N. C.
13. R. virginiana Mil. Stems 2 m. tall or less, glabrous or bristly on the
shoots, the priekles stout and straight or slightly eurved but often somewhat
reflexed, decidedly flattened: leaflets 7-9; blades lanceolate-elliptic, 2-6 cm
ee Du
T
ongly ascending teeth: flowers corymbose, rarely solitary: hypanthium
E hispid: sepals narrowly a. 2-9. 9 em. long, eaudate-attenuate,
630 | ROSACEAE
after anthesis reflexed and deciduous: petals pink, 2-3 dm. long: mature
A n depressed- i: 1-1.5 em. long.—Moist thickets, low eee.
Ne
shores, and swamp-margin vari ous provinces, Ala. to Ark., Ont
nd Ya.
4. R. obtusiuscula Rydb. Stems about 1 m. tall, dark-brown, practically
unarmed: le ph rachis sparingly pubescent, unarmed: leaflets 5 7; blades
ee 1-4 em. long, rounded at the apex, crenate, dark-green, glabrous on
both sides or “sparingly pubescent beneath: flowers 1-4 together: pedicels
id o glandular: sepals lanceolate, caudate-attenuate, 1.5-2 cm.
long, rather copiously a hispid, spreading and at last deciduou
Roue "enn um depressed-globose, 8-10 mm. long, p d glandular
hispid.—Wooded slopes ad river-banks, Appalachian Valley, T
15. R. Lyoni Pursh. Stems 3-15 dm. tall, glabrous, more or less bristly,
i aaa on the young shoots, the prickles infrastipular, spreading, usually
r and e, or rarely stouter and then slightly flattened below: leaf-
ue villous, sometimes p or glandular-dentate: leaflets 5- 2 bos es
oval to Vu p qiue 1.5-5 e ong, usually acute at both ends arely
obtuse at the apex, regula rly ei the a ones short- ‘petiolaled, oed
thin and en, Speringly pubeseent or glabrate above, deeidedly villous ui
neath: flow and corymbose or so e pedicels glandular- s sepal
lanceolate, caudate acuminate 1.5-2 long, glandular-hispid on the ba e
tomentose within, Da them ud with linear or subulate lobes, after
A eflexed a ds deciduous: petals a 2-2.5 em. long:
nya anu Uu. dente globose, 8-10 m m. long, more or less BR edi
hispid or rarely glabrous.—Woods and , prairies various provinces N
Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ark., Kans., Minn., and N. Y.
16. R. ra ii Stems 3-10 dm. tall, slender, glabrous, usually very bristly
when young, t P gis straight, paired, d infrastipular: leaf-
raehis sparin Es pubesee r gla e s, rarely wi a few priekles: leaflets
usually 5, rarely 7; bl s ae Jon el ipti o or * laneeolate elliptic, aie)
oval, or oblanceolate, glabrous, but not Mad shining abov ually somewhat
paler and pubesce the or glabrate beneath, B ae en regulari
serrate with as ous pod eee acute at both ends or obtuse at
e -petiolulate: dd. usually b pedieels o hispid: us
lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, lon ng, i usually y glandular on the
RES to mentos se within, all or i: aes the outer ones with linear or subulate
chee reflexed after anthesis a nd soon deciduous: petals pink, 2—2.5 em. long:
mature hypanthium To or a little depressed, about 8 mm. long, cones ular-
hispid. [R. hum Marsh.]—(Low-ROSE. WILD-ROSE. CAROLINA-ROSE
PASTURE- m s woods, Tw thickets, and rocky soil, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Min and N. S.
17. R. serrulata Raf. Stems 3-10 dm. long, glabrous, but bristly, especially-
n the young shoots, the prickles slender, infrastipular, straight, terete: leaf-
id, otherwi abrous or nearly lea u
be
dentieulate or glandular-ciliate: flowers solitary: pedicels E or less glandu-
lar-hispid: sepals lan Prae gla aped du PM n the back, tomentose within,
caudate-acuminate, 2-2. long, s of mom usually vith as or
e ‘appendages, after ilc Ens nd soon deciduou are Beni
1, hypanthium globose or slightly depressed, 10-15 mm.
ong:
broad pander hispid —Ro adsides and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to
, Ont and Mass.—( Mez.)
CALYCANTHACEAE 631
18. R. lancifolia ee Stems 1-2 m. tall, gray, the prickles stout, straight,
only slightly flattened: leaf-rachis alae strigose: leaflets 3-7; blades
laneeolate or clliptie. -aneeolate, 2-6 long, acute, subcoriaceous, o
er ij -serrulate, glabrous, somewhat- "inus above, sessile: scis. orymbos
pedieels short, glabrous or imd glandular: sepals na im slate,
caudate-attenuate, about 2 em. long, often w ith a des abuse a urs
landular-hispid on the ps petals pink, 1.5-2 ¢ m. long: mature hypanthiu
somewhat enge e globose, in fruit 8-10 mm. thick. —Margins of
cypress swamps, pen
Famity 13. CALYCANTHACEAE — SrRAWBERRY-SHRUB FAMILY
hrubs or trees, with an aromatic bark. Leaves opposite: puc
usually entire: stipules wanting. Flowers perfect, terminal. Calyx and
corolla of several sepals and petals each, borne on the edge of the bo
thium. Androecium of many stamens 1 e inner redueed to staminodia.
um. Fruit consisting of several achenes enclosed in the capsule-like
hypanthium. —Two genera and 6 species, North American and Asiatic.
. CALYC HUS Shrubs with opposite branches. Flowers often
ou cented, the — wholly or mainly, dull purple. Mature
hypanthium nodding. [Butneria Duham.]—Five species, the following and on
Californian, —CAROLINA-ALLSPICES. SWEET-SHRUBS. BUBBY-SHRUBS.
Leaf-blades not tomentose beneath.
wer surface of the leaf- blades pln not glaucous. 1. C. nanus.
Lower surface of the enr blades glau 2. C. fertilis.
Leaf-blades tomentose beneath :
Blades of an ovate type ; obtuse or subcordate at the base 1 C. Mohrii.
Blades of an elliptic or oval type, acute or acuminate at ihe base. . C. floridus.
1. C. nanus (Loisel) Small. Shrub 1-3 m. tall: leaf-blades deep-green and
seabrous pd slightly paler-green beneath: sepals and petals linear or linear-
pu eed 10-12 mm. long. [C. laevi-
s Wi iai —Woodlands and banks, Ap-
nud dada extending into adj. prov-
inees, Ga. to d Pa.
2. C. fertilis Pin Shrub 1-3 m. tall:
leaf-blades bright-green and seabrous above,
adr hypanthium gla
seed 12-14 m ong. [C. glaucus Willd.)
—Woods and ge E POS and Ap-
palachian provinces, Ga. to Ala., Ky., and
Va.
Moh Small. Shrub 1-2 m. t
o blades 6-20 em. long, somewhat toothed:
sepals and petals broadly linear to linear- rm late, 2-3 em. long: mature
hypanthium not seen.—RHocky soil, AD d uid Plateau, Ga., Alaa adi Tenn.
4. C. floridus L. Shrub 0.5-3 m. tall: leaf- 2 4—14 em. long, entire:
sepals and iar mostly m or nearly so, pm m. long: mature hypanthium
finely tomentose. — (SHR STRAWBERRY- BUREY -BLOSSOMS.) — Rich’
woods, hillsides, and stream- vi Coastal Plain "and Piedmont, rarely extend-
ing into other provinces, Fla. to Miss. and Va.—Frequently cult. even north-
ward of its natural range as an e M —Spr.
632 MALACEAE
Faminy 14. MALACEAE — APPLE FAMILY
Trees o Leaves alternate: blades simple and pinnately veined,
or eel compound. owers perfect, regular. ypanthium adnate
the ovary. Calyx b mostly 5 sepals. Corolla of mostly 5 petals.
Androecium of numerous, or rarel w, stamen E Gynoecium o
wholly or partially united carpels, or rareiy of 1 carpel. Fruit a pome.
About 20 genera and 500 species of wide peas ti Ceiba on.
Endocarp of the mature carpels papery or thin coriaceous. . MALEAE.
Endocarp of the mature carpels bony, distinct or coherent. Il. CRATAEGEAE.
I. MALEAE
Leaf-blades pinnately compoun 1. SORBUS.
Lea s simple, entire, oond, or lobed.
Cavities of the ovary (carpels) as mn as the styles.
ne simple; pom
ells: hypanthium-orifice nearly closed by a anm 2. PYRUS.
Boma depress , not dilated upward ; esh without
grit-cells: hypanthium-orifice o 3. MA
Cyme Combo dnd? pome small, ber ry-like. 4. ARON
Cavities of the ovary becoming twice as many as the styles. 5. ANC HIER
I. ATAEGEAE
Ovules solitary in each carpel, or, if 2, dissimilar. 6. CRATAEGUS.
Ovules 2 in each carpel, alike. 7. COTONEASTER.
. SORBUS [Tourn.] L. Leaf-blades pinnate: leaflets toothed. Cyme
compound, flat-topped. Hypanthium urceolate, not bracteolate. Corolla
white. Pome berry-like, bright-colored, per-
sistent.—About 10 species, natives of the
north temperate zone
1. S. americana Marsh. Small tree, with
smooth bark: leaflets 11-17; blades lanceo-
late, acuminate, glabrous or slightly pubes-
em. long, sharply
ent when young, 3.5—10 long, s
serrate with mucronate teeth: cymes 8-15
em rolla ereamy wh 4—6
te 4
TAIN-ASH.)—Rocky woods and X s
e N
yw
in acid soil, Blue Ridge and m Pro
inces, N. C. to Tenn., Man, and Newf SE
S [Tou L. Leaf-blades simple, usually toothed. Cym
n.] me
staple Ga d. Pome usually tapering to the base.—About 12 species,
natives of the Old. World.
t T
\
s L. Tree, usually thorny:
‘caf blades € unl woe A obovate, slen-
PS Nos
der, petioled, 3-8 em. long, glabrous or : PU
nearly so in age, acute or acuminate: cyme
oe ere Ss els 1.8-5 cm
d icels 1. :
long: sepals about as long as the hypan-
thium: iis creamy white, about 2.5 cm.
broad: pome, in the wild form, seldom over
9 em. long, in the numerous cultivated forms
oen much pomi (PEAR R.)— Woods, thick-
ets, and roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Calif., and Me. Nat. of the Old World
= E
and cult.
MALACEAE 633
3. MALUS Mill. Leaf-blades simple, toothed or lobed. Cymes simple.
Corolla pink or white. Pome depressed at both ends — 15 na:
natives of north temperate regions.—Spr.—APPLES. CRAB-APPLES.—Sometim
planted for ornament. The aio is used for tool-handles oer oiner mni
objects. The fruits are used for preserves.
Leaves glabrous, at least when mature
Blades of the yid e flowering branches acute or acuminate.
Flowering bran earing leaves with lobed or incisely serrate blades;
leaves of ons shoots with prominently lobed blades
Leaf-blades rounded o pore at the base, with the inne pair of veins
ue of the BUE. Tave glaucescent beneath,
thickis 5 M. glaucescens.
Bla des of the mature leaves green beneath, thin. - . M. coronaria.
Leaf blades subeordate at the base, with the lowest
pair of ee at a base of the blade. 3. M. glabrata.
Flowering pran hes bearing leaves with serrate blades ;
lea Me of. vigor TOUS. shoots "with shallowly lobed
E
M of an ovate or oval type: pome much de-
esse
platycarpa.
lancifolia.
4. M.
PE = a ge pater type: pome subglobose. 5. M.
6. M. angustifolia.
7 M.
8. M.
Er d the leaves on flowering branches obtuse or merely
acutis
Leaves So pranm y pubescent beneath.
lades obtuse or acute at the base: sepals glabrous.
Pe E
Leaf-blades rounded or cordate at the base: sepals pubescent.
Mal
: pen A arég idi Rehder. Tree up to 45 m ] with a trunk less than
in diameter, or frequently a gregarious pos the branches stiff,
terni E ing an irregular head,
Legen: ts red-br i ay-brown:
ea
ed, 2.5—5 em. br ad
pome 3-3.5 em. in diameter, greenish-yellow,
fragrant — Open woods and thickets, various
provinces, Als. to Ohio and Ont.
2. M. coronaria (L.) Mill. Tree, some-
times reaching a height of 9 m. the trunk
m. in diameter, ud stout spreadi
anches forming a wide head, uu branehlets becoming red-brown: leaf- blades
ate to oval, 5—7.5 em. greeter arply sérrate and a somewhat lobed, acute
or acutish at the apex, rounded or truncate at the base: es 3—6-flowered :
flowers very i dar D d ice - 3.5-5 em. long, glabrous: UTE deep- pink 3—4
cm. broad: pom in diameter, greenish-yellow, fragran [M.
coronaria T Hebdo. ]- —Phickets and woods, various provinees, N. C. to
Mo. and Ont.
3. M. glabrata Rehder. Tree up to 8 m. tall, the trunk 2-3 dm. in diameter,
the branches spreading into a round head, the branchlets becoming purple-
brown or red- d or ultimately gra ayish: leaf-blades abus ovate or tri-
angular-ovate, 4—8 em. long, yellowish- Lid acute or short-acuminate at the
apex, subcordate at d he base, serrate and s hallowly ioc obed: eymes 4—7
flowered: pedicels 2-3 em. long: flowers fragrant corolla pink, 2.5-3 em.
jo pome 3-3.5 em. in diameter —Woods in valleys, Blue Ridge, N. C
634 MALACEAE
4. M. platycarpa Rehder. 'Tree sometimes 6 m. tall, the trunk up to 1.5 dm.
in diameter, the branches o g, i branchlets Bate or purple-brown,
j j val, 4-8
becoming grayish: rae blades ovate long, yellowish-green,
abruptly pointed at t Ps ond i d a base, doubly serrate: pe na
flowered: eT. 9-6 long: flowers fragrant: corolla pin
broad: pome 3-4 n dia meter, idi yellow. — Woods and aie
Blue Ridge. and T no rthern provinces, and 8.—
redolens Ashe, from N Ga. - C. 5 E said to diffe fion this species in
the narrower leaf- blades a "mallet fruit
3 dm
diameter, the o branches forming a pyramida al head, Eo branchlets
reddish-brown, and ultimately gray-brown: pg bougie ovate-lan
olate or elliptie- pude 3.5-8 cm. long, a or short-acuminate at ü n
apex, rounded or cuneate at the base, doubly prie cymes 3—6-flowered:
pedicels. "2.5-3.5 m long: dr white or pink, 3-3.5 em. bro a pome
qure 5 em. in diameter, green.— Woods and Gc various provinces, N. C.
o Mo. and Pa.—M. Paral ee Ashe, N. C. to Ky., aid to differ on this
ege in the oblong, crenate-serrate leaf- blades.
: M. angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. Tree sometimes 9 m. e the trunk 3 dm
n diameter, the branches rigid (or pendulous in M. angustifolia pendula),
the brane hlets oe pent ea and S rou leaf-blades elliptic to lance-
olate or elliptic-ov . long, thick, dark-green above, crenate-serrate,
rather rd or leans Ri the e rounde d or cuneate at the base: cymes
3—5-flow ded pedie d 2-3 cm. long, slender: aac fragrant: corolla pink,
om abo 2.5 broad: ` pome about 2.5-3.5 em. in DPA yellow-.
gre thickets and edges of woods, various provinces, W Fla. to La., Ill,
mud "Ya.
M. bracteata Rehder. Tree up m. tall, the trunk 1-1.5 dm.
dn. the branches stout, spreadi ur s a bro ad head, the branchlets
becoming red-brown, gla abrous or som ewhat persistently pubescent: leaf-blades
ovate to elliptie-ovate, 3.5-7.5 em. long, thin, yellowish-green above, serrate or
somewhat rate obtuse or acutish at the apex, mostly ae at t base:
cymes 3- n zx red: pedicel els 1.5-2.5 em. long: flowers fragran a pink,
mostly 2 roa pome 2. 5-3.5 cm. in diameter, ie a pe ig
Woods eg URN -banks, various provinces, M Fla. to Mo. and N. C.
8. M. a lus (L.) Britton. Tree ps spreading branches, the trunk some-
times rea ien a diameter of 1 m cultivation: leaf-blades petioled, broadly
ovate or oval, 2.5-7.5 em. long, obt fase or Ad ly eas at the apex, rounded
m slightly cordate at the base, dentate early entire, glabrous or nearly so
above, pubescent and often woolly Dono d espeeially "when young; pedicels
generally tomentose, 2.5-5 em. long: corolla pink or white, 3.5-7.5 em. piis
7.
pome depressed-globose or re hollowed at the base e; ap 5 in
n cd fields, thicket i — fen cud ows, M provinces, Ga. is Mo.
and Ont. Nat. of Eurasia common apple, in is "varieties, of
commas frequently escapes n m tion.
4. ARONIA Pers. Leaf-blades simple, shallowly toothed. Cyme com-
pound. Corolla mainly white. Pome Laici ze globular to pyriform. — Fol
lowing are the only known species.—Spr. Plants are occa-
sionally grown as ornamentals.
Fruit broadly pyriform, bright-re 1. A. bound ia.
Fruit oval or globose, purple-bl es 2. A. atropurpurea.
purple. . A. melanocarpa.
MALACEAE 635
1. A. arbutifolia (L.) Ell Shrub sometimes reaching a height of 3.5 m.:
leaf-blades oval, elliptie or ` obovate, rare or abruptly short-pointed at the
t the
cymes termi inal, but à t length overtopped
the young ste rile pud corolla white or
purplish-tinged, 8-12 mm. broad: pome 4-6
mm. in diameter, long- ent: [Pyrus
arbutifolia erythrocarpa Michx. |— (RED
-BE
often in acid "m ibe provinces, Fla. to
La., Minn., and N. 8.
2, A. atropurpurea Britton. Shrub reach-
e similar
species: pome oval C iy 6-10 mm
long, purple- UE PLE- pod ERRY.)
—Acid swamps and bogs, various provinces, Fla. to N. S.
3. A. melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. pe ee the preceding are a
larger: leaf-blades obovate or oval, obtuse, acute, or abruptly acuminate a
j nulate: flower ila
apex, narrowed uneate at the
the sud Ta hypanthium and pedicels nearly glabrous: pome e
or ov in diameter. [Pyrus arbutifolia melanocarpa Michx.
nigra *(Willd.) ‘Britton. ]—(BrAcK CHOKEBERRY.)—Rocky woods and swamps,
various provinces, Fla. to Mich. and N. Y.
5. AMELANCHIER Medic. Leaf-blades simple, toothed or rarely poe
Panicles raceme-like, simple. Corolla white. Pome berry-like, globular.—Abou
25 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—Wint.-spr.—4J UNEBERRIES.
SERVICE-BERRIES. ME ets as ornamentals for their early pro-
fusion of flowers. The wood is used for tool handles and other small objects.
The fruits which ripen in late spring or early summer in the south are edible.
Leaf-blades with fine teeth (5—12 per cm. on average leaves), and irregular, un-
equally spaced veins and usually irregular intermediate ones.
Leaf-blades densely white-tomentose when young, becom-
ing green: panicles with the lower pedicels 10—25
mm. lo :
pee elas rounded at the apex or rarely or individ-
y subacute or mucronate: hypanthium 3-5
mm. wide: sepals uod or triangular-lance-
ate: petals 7-9 mm. lon
Len biades of an "elliptic type generally, with
10-15 pairs of veins: hypanthium campanulate:
ovary glabrous or nearly so on top. 1. A. oblongifolia.
Leaf-blades of an oval type generally, with 7—11
S of veins: hypanthium saucer-shaped:
woolly on to 2. A. stolonifera.
ry
Leaf-blades acuminate, sometimes abruptly so, E T
cidedly acute: hypanthium 2.5-3 mm
Sepa. tri oe ovate or nearly deltoid : petals
10-14 m ng.
Ovary glabrous on top: sepals permanently thin,
reflexed, without a midrib. 3. A. canadensis.
Oras pubescent on top: sepals thick in fruit, not
reflexed, with a midrib. . A. alabamensis.
Leaf-blades Bears. or qui uite glabrous from the first: pan-
icles with the lower pedicels 30—50 mm. long in e 5. A. laevis.
Leaf-blades with coarse teeth (mostly 3—5 per cm. on aver-
age leaves), and usually PL parallel, close-set veins,
with few or no intermediate ones , A. sanguinea,
636 MALACEAE
1. A. oblongifolia (T. & G.) Roemer. Shrub with clustered erect stems, 2—8
m. tall, er branched, not stoloniferous: leaf-blades of an elliptic type,
varying t or slightly obovate, mostly
3-5.5 em, s rounded at the apex, sub-
anthesis: sepals lanceolate, 1.5-2.5
long, tomentose acute: petals ob-
peii uiu. UNS or nearly linear,
ostly 7— ‘9 mm. long: pome nearly black
dor the glaucous coat. [A. Botryapium
(Fl. SE. U. S.)]—(SHApBUSH. THICKET-
grounds,
BLOW Y
woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces,
Ga. to Pa. and Me.—The leaf- Diades when
young are den peed white-tomentose beneath,
glabrous or nearly so at maturity. The fruits are moderately sweet and
agreeably flavored.
2. A. gp dde Wiegand. Shrub with erect ind 3—12 dm. tall, stolonifer-
ous thus forming colonies: leaf-blades of an oval type, varying to bond
obovate or broadly ovate, or suborbicular on EUN mostly 2.5—5 cm. long,
rounded or mucronate, or sometimes subacute at the apex, with the fine et
e su at the n
rarely extending to the base, rounded or subcordate at the base, very slender-
tiol aniel , 1.5-4 long i epals triangular-lanceolate,
3 mm. long, tomentose within pon elliptic-obovate, 7-9 m ng: pome
purplish-black under the glaucous coat. s (Fl - U. S.) ]—(Low
[
JUNEBERRY.)—Dry rocks, sandy bluffs, river banks, and sandy places, Men
provinces, N. C. to Mich., and Newf.—The leaf-blades are densely white-tom
tose beneath when young, but soon glabrous. The fruits are sweet, juicy, and
agreeable.
3. A. canadensis (L.) Medic. Tree up to 10 m. tall, or an irregularly a
0
shrub with few stems: leaf-blades ovate, oval, ellipt ic, or obovate
long, acuminate or de -a acute, PE d serrate nearly or quite to the um
rounded or cordate at the base, slender. -petioled: panicle nodding, 8-17 cm.
long in anthesis: Eus triangular-ovate or nearly deltoid, 2-3 mm. long,
tomentose: — linear or elliptic- ine 9-14 mm. long: pome maroon-purple.
pale NEBE SUGAR-PEAR. ) —W oods, river-banks, sandy or rocky ridges, and
amps, various provinces, Ga. to La., Kans. , Ont., and Newf.—The leaf- e:
"i white- DRE ose when young, less den nsely so above than a oe per-
sistently sparingly hairy. The fruits are rather dry and lack flav
4. A. alabamensis Britton. Tree up to 5 m. tall, related to A. canadensis,
but with relatively thicker, broader, and shallower or inconspicuously toothed
leaf-blades: sepals triangular-ovate, thick and with a midrib at maturity, not
reflexed: pome purplish-black —Sandy lands, S of ADU Ala.
5. A. laevis Wiegand. Tree up to 13 m. tall, or low and shrubby northward:
leaf-blades ovate, elliptic, or pis varying to obovate E suborbieular, 3-6 c
long, short-ac te, acute, or sometimes rounded at the apex, sharply En
finely serrate nearly or quite to t the G mostly subeordate or rounded at the
base, usually puis oled: panicles. droopi ing, 3—7 cm. long, Pin nea
flowered: sepals triangular- aun ae to a ac ate, 3—4 ong:
petals linear- Piliptie 10—18 mm. long: pome dark-purple or B black be-
neath the glaucous coat —Wooded EHE Du fields, and about swamps, Blue
MALACEAE | 637
. Ridge and adj. provinces, Ga., Ala., Tenn., and N. C. ~ Mead LS ogee
to Kans., Ont, and Ne wf. —The leaf-blades are glabrous from t rst o
merely with few silky hairs when young. The fruits are ace and modb
flavored.
6. ee sanguinea (Pursh) DC. Shrub with arching or straggling branches Mi
t m. tall, not stoloniferous: leaf-blades oval, varying t
rarely to DP or suborbieular on shoots, 2.5—6 em. ong; ned o: P acutish
the apex, ed Sarin cd serrate nearly or quite to the base, rounded
or subcordate at the base, slender—but often rather des -petioled: panicles
drooping, 4—7 cm. long, es oo sepals lanceolate or narrowly tri-
angular- eugene about mm. long: petals linear or narrowly spatulate,
10-15 mm. long: pome nearly <a beneath the glaucous coat. [A. rotundi-
folia (Fl. SE. U. S.)]—Rocky banks, woods, and bluffs, Blue on and adj.
provinces, Ga., Ala., and Tenn. and y ous ir ces, to Minn., Ont. and Que
The leaf-blades are densely yellowish-tomentose beneath when young, sometim mes
retaining 8 f the pubescence to S The fruits are juicy, sweet,
and agreeably flavored.
6. CRATAEGUS L.1 Small trees or ee usuall armed with thorns
or spines. Leaves alternate: blades simple, petioled. Flowers terminal, cymose
or corymbose. Hypanthium cup-shaped or campanulate, adnate to the carpels.
Sepals 5, reflexed after anthesis. Corolla white or pink. Petals i To
inserted on the margin of the disk in the throat of the hypanthiu
5-25, inserted in 1-3 rows on the edge of the hypanthium: flame: nis Sonde
ineurved: anthers oblong or subglobose, white, pink, or purple. Ovary in-
i ith its s mud
ferio ed of
pera conte stigmas terminal. Fruit globose, pyriform, or oval, yellow, orange-
red, blue, or black, pica 1-5 bony earpels, eaeh usually l-seede
erect, the testa membranous.—The plants bloom in spring. Mn. OG-
lished about that time. For many species not accounted for i n this Mahua ]
see Flora of the Southeastern United P pages 532—569.
Leaf-blades not E OTIO TOTAR iE cone often slightly cordate.
eaf-blades noe "des ply cut:
Leaf-blades cuneate or abruptly contracted at
as oo at the middle or towards
Leaf-blades prevailingly broadest towards
ex, or varying to orbicular on
the came plan
Forum usually compound, many-flow-
Yentbladés not impressed-veined,
usually shining. I. CRUS-GALLI.
Leaf-blades with impressed veins
above, dull. II. PUNCTATAE.
Corymbs simple, few-flowered.
Pedicels and hypanthinm glabrous:
petioles and leaves usually not
landular. III. AESTIVALES.
Pedicels, or at least pne glan-
E s petioles leaf-margi
IX. FLAVAE.
Leaf-blades prevailingly broadest at the mid-
le, varying to obovate or ovate on
the same plan
Leaf-blades impressed-veined. IV. MACRACANTHAE.
1 Contributed by Ivar Tidestrom.
638 MALACEAE
Leaf-blades not impressed-veined.
Corymbs Hn e aAa many-
End pae petioles usually
andles
sepais cla ndolarnar ined. V. ROTUNDIFOLIAE.
Sepals not glandular-margined.
Sepals short- triangular, gi
brous: corolla 10-12
broad : fruit bright blue - VI. BRACHYACANTHAE.
we :
fruit varying from yellow
to red. VII. VIRIDES.
ODE Simple few-flowered: peti-
landular
zc ic ae es with sm mail stalked glands. VIII. INTRICATAE.
Petioles uu ms pida glands. IX. FLAVAE.
t
dini bres at o
Lea vid green to. E llowish- “green, the
Mei of the blade varying from
rounded to ML, te.
Sepa 5m long, entire or serrate:
, leaf blades : 2 em. long. X. TENUIFOLIAE.
Sf ng or more, aera
do E blades 3-9 cm. lon XI. COCCINEAE.
Leaves. bluish. green, the base of the blade
arying from bro adly cuneate to cor-
date ES pals A5 mm long, entire or
XII. PRUINOSAE.
ta).
where’ 6-1 nm. ong: leaf-lobes 3-15. XIII. OXYACANTHAE.
Thorns 25 mm, long or more: leaf-lobes 3-7. XIV. MICROCABPAE.
Petioles aoe. very short, about 2 mm. long or
Slightly more. XV. PARVIFOLIAE.
Leaf-blades w uously cordate-deltoid, varying to
broadly ovate, often 3-7-lobed, pn XVI. CORDATAE.
CRU LLI
Leaf-blades coriaceous, undici. Dedoles 6-20 mm. long: corymbs many-
flowered : sepals usually entire : fruit reddish or red, the flesh hard, greenish.
Gorymbe. nien) and branchlets glabrous (at least at ma-
Leaf edes toothed above the middle: stamens 7-12. 1. C. Crus-galli.
ae. i. to near the base: stamens Dou 20. 2. C. Mohrii.
Corymbs, and branchlets more or less villo
D TE RA Pin the middle: stamens about cd 3. C. berberifolia.
Leaf- iss n serrate or often incised- -serrate
Pune
II.
Leaf-blades subcoriaceous: petioles 612 mm. long: corymbs many-flowered :
sepals usually entire: fruit yellow to scarlet, the flesh hard.
4. C. signata.
Corymbs tomentose or canescent: sepals entire: fruit ellip-
soid : leaf-blades dull gray. ae 5. C. punctata.
Corymbs pu put to glabro
epal ire.
pak. PER es bright yellow-green: fruit ellipsoid. 6. C. cuneiformis.
Leaf-blades dull gray-green: fruit ne 7. C. Margaretta.
Sepals glandular-serrate: fruit vil 8. C. collina.
Leaf-blades subcoriaceous: petioles usually short, winged: corymbs few-flow-
UE oe entire or serrulate : fruit red or orange- -red, the flesh usually juicy and
aci
Lent blades rufous-tomentose to -pubescent beneath, cuneate-
ong or UD to oe r 2-7 cm. long, acute or
aa i, crenate-serrulate to few-lobed. 9. C. aestivalis,
Leaf-blades s glabrous or nearly so (often whitish pubescent
unfoldin
Leaf blades abruptly contracted at the base. 10. C. maloides.
Leaf-blades cuneate-oblanceolate. 11. C. luculenta.
IV. MACRACANTHA
Leaf-blades moea rhombic-ovate, A or oval: petioles 6-20 mm
long: corymbs many-flowered, pubescent: sepals lanceolate, glandular-laciniate
villous: fruit red, orange, orange-red to dark-red, the flesh glutin
MALACEAE 639
Len dark-green, glabrous and shining above, cori-
aceo 12. C. succulenta.
Leaf-blades gray-green, pubescent and dull above, sub-
coriaceous. 13. C. Calpodendron.
V. ROTUNDIFOLIA
Leaf-blades (in our species) cu IHE or obovate: petioles 6-24 mm.
long, glandular-serrate: fruit red, the flesh soft. 14. C. chrysocarpa.
VI. BRACHYACANTHAE
Leaf-blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate, crenate-serrate: corymbs few-flow-
ered: fruit glaucous-blue, 8-12 mm. thick. 15. C. A UNO.
. VIRIDES
Leaf-blades membranous, ES hs to oval or rhombic-ovate, dark-green,
shining and glabrous above; petioles 6—30 mm. long: corymbs many- -flowered : calyx-
lobes entire or nearly so: 'fruit red or orange, the flesh
hard, edible 16. C. viridis.
Ri zd INTRICATAE
Leaf-blades subcoriaceous, elliptic to ovate, glandular-toothed: petioles 6-30
m. long: corymbs 3-7- xe. d, "he bracts glandular, deciduous: calyx-lobes lanceo-
late, usually toothed towards apex: fruit greenish- -yellow to reddish-brown,
orange, or red, the flesh ha rd.
Corymbs and hypanthium usually villous or pilose-pubes-
cent: leaves serrate or serrate and incised,
Sepals not foliace P glandular-serrate : leaf-blades
usually yellow-gre C. intricata.
a Eg ndn iandulawaerkate: leaf-blades dark-
Ls im g and scabrate above: bracts large and
18. C, Harbisonii.
Corymbs ne oana usually glabrous or nearly so.
Lea d i Mere oo to ovate or rhombic-ovate, serrate
19. C. populifolia.
Leaf-blades oil or slightly obovate, varying to ovate-
lanceolate or slightly oblanceolate. 20. C. mendosa.
IX. FLAVAE
eaf-blades membranous, oval, obovate, orbicular, spatulate, cuneate, or cuneate-
spatulate: petioles 6—20 mm. long: corymbs few-flowered : ealyx-lobes glandular or
glandular-serrate: fruit green to orange or red, the flesh usually soft,
Leaf-blades oval, ovate to obovate or orbicular, 2-5.5 e
ne _crenate-serrate to incised, abruptly contracted into
etiole. 21. C. flava.
Leaf-blades with a distinctly cuneate base
Leaf-blades BE to spatulate or ` suborbicular, 1-4
lon ounded or often somewhat truncate, en-
tire, dentate to TERRE or lobed, somewhat tomentose
nd bluish- -gree 22. C. Michauzii.
Leaf-blades SDatHlaté or cuneate, 1-4 long, entire
o serrate, rounded, pointed ‘or lobed, glabrous at
maturity, yellowish- “green, : 23. C. floridana.
po TENUIFOL
Leaf-blades membranous, oval or ovate, often slightly pubescent: petioles a
mm. long: young foliage usually Bronce cena corymbs nan wered: fruit red o
pruinose-red, glabrous, the flesh succulent. . C. macrosperma.
XI. CoccINEAE (Molles)
Leaf-blades membranous to ns eous, oblong-ovate to broadly ovate: peti-
20-35 mm. long: corymbs many-flow red: fruit usually red and pubescent, the
flesh soft, edible.
Hypanthium tomentose or pubescent. 25. C. mollis.
Hypanthium glabrous or nearly so. 26. C. albicans.
XII. PRUINOSA
Leaf-blades membranous to ED broadly ovate, elliptic-ovate, or del-
toid, blue-green, glabrous (with some exceptions): petioles 6-30 mm. long: young
foliage a bronze-green: corymbs many-flowered : ruit
pru 27. C. pruinosa.
XIII. OXYACANTHA
Leaf-blades ovate, 3-15-lobed or cleft: çorymbs many-flowered : vids red: style
and nutlet usually solitary: introduced s speci 28. C. monogyna.
640 MALACEAE
XIV. MICROCARPAE -
Leaf-blades membranous, mostly lobed: corymbs few- to many-flowered: fruit
small, usually red.
Leaf-blades of the vegetative shoots only, lobed, the lower
spatulate: styles and nutlets 3—5. 29. C. spathulata.
Leaf blades deeply lobed or eut: styles and nutlets 1—3. 30. C. Marshallii,
V. PA ind OLIAE |
Leaf-blades usually small, subcoriaceous, cuneate to obovate, toothed or shal-
lowly lobed: corymbs few- flowered : fruit abase to pyriform, yellow to red.
Inflorescenee pubescent to tomentose, 2 C. uniflora.
Inflorescence glabrous, . C. lacrimata,
. Con
Leaf-blades often "—— QÜÁ i ie pet about 12 mm. long: corymbs
Aes ed: fruit small, scarlet : nutlets bare at apex. 33. C. Phaenopyrum.
1. C. Crus-galli L. A tree up to 9 m. tall, with a trunk 3—4 dm. in diameter,
covered ps Sur -gray pi brownish scaly bark; leaf-blades obovate or ob-
cm. broad,
lanceolate, 2 . long, 1-3
larger on pes shoots, glabrous, obtuse o or
ed -wh ts
—Woods, thickets, und ricas WS, acus
sam eia N Fla. to E Kans. ^ Ont., and Que.
2. C. Mohrii Beadle. A tree sometimes 10
m. tall (rarely a shrub), with dark-gray or
cuneiform to elliptic, or on ! ts
arying to orbicular, 2—5 em. long, glabrous
in age te to near the base: 2-—
n
mm. long, entire or gla uda serrate: corolla about 15 mm. broad: fruit glo-
bose, red or green ptis E 3 to 5.—Fields and low TY Coastal Plain
and adj. provinees, NW da. o La. and Tenn
3. C. berberifolia T. & G. tree often attaining a height of 8 m., with dark-
gray sealy s lif blades oblong-cuneiform or spatulate to obovate-cunei-
form, 2-6 em. long, smooth or scabrous, pale, or sometimes pubescent beneath,
ic sd abode ne middle: a als 3-5 mm. long, serrate or entire: corolla 10—15
mm. broad: fruit globose or nearly so, yellow-orange or red: nutlets 2 or 3.—
Low woods and hillsides, Coastal Plain, La.
4. C. signata Beadle. A tree sometimes 7 m. tall, with a trunk 2 dm. i
ameter or more, covered with ashy-gray or brownish sea aly bark: teat blades
oval to obovate-cuneiform, 2— ng, ; ded or mostly
point t , serrate or frequently incised-serrate: se m
ong, entire or glandular-serrate: corolla 13-16 m road: fruit oblong to
— m. b
globose, about 9 mm. thick, mostly red at maturity, more or less pruinose:
nutlets 3-5 ce moist copses, and dry slopes, various provinces,
Ala nd
. to Tex. and Tenn
5. C. geris Jacq. A tree sometimes 9 m. tall, with dark-gray or reddish-
brown scaly bark: leaf-blades obovate to oblong, 3-7 cm. long, cuneate or
nal contracted at base, irregularly m ' doubly serrate or incised,
glabrous in age: sepals 5— . long, lin ardanceolate, mi nt: corolla
about 2 cm. broad: fruit subglobose or oval, 1 to 2 em. lon or yellow:
k
nutlets 2 or 3.—Hillsides and in rocky soil, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces N. C.
Que
and Tenn., and more northern provinces to Ia., Minn., and
MALACEAE | 641
6. C. cuneiformis (Marsh.) Eggleston. A tree sometimes 8 m. high, with
dun scaly bark: leaf-blades obovate-oblanceolate, acute, the base
thick. . pausiaca Ashe}. —Limestone hills and low bottom ands, various
cla SW Va. to C Ill, W N. Y. and Penn. Perhaps dde ned beyond
range.
7. C. Margaretta Ashe. A shrub or small tree, ee 8 m. high, with dark
gray-brown bark: leaf-blades ovate.or obovate-oblong, 2-5 cm. long, cuneate or
pps d at m A r acute, serrate or doubly serrate, or lobed, glabrous
age: sepal angular, entire or slightly serrate: corolla 14-20 mm. broad:
fruit globose or R -ellipsoid, 8-16 mm. thick, ye ellow or red: nutlets usually
ong streams and in woods, various provinees, Tenn. to Mo. and
4 Du.
C. collina Chapm. " tree 4-6 m. tall, with dark-gray scaly bark: leaf-blades
obovate or oval, 2.5-7 em. long, acute, narrowed or r contracted at base, serrate
r doubly serrate with p lobes, posui entire below: sepals nud
M n Or e corolla 15-20 mm. broad: fruit CS 10-14 m
thick, red o ange-red: nutlets 3—5. Son. streams, in fiel ds and node
various OMS Ga. to Miss. and Va.
9, C. aestivalis (Walt) T. & G. A tree often 9 m. tall, with dark reddish-
brown scaly bark: leaf-blades cuneate-oblong to obovate or elliptic, 2-7 cm.
long, dentate or crenate- Se A e, sometimes lobed, rufous-tomentose or -pubescent
beneath, glabrate in age: sepals triangular, entire or serrulate: corolla poids
2 cm. broad: fruit depressed- globose, punctate, red: nutlets 3-5.—(M Av-HAW
APPLE- a re: ng streams and in pO ' ponds, various provinces, Tis.
w to Tex. S. C.
11. C. luculenta Sarg. A tree 4—5 m. tall with gray or dark-reddish bark:
E blades s or eun eifor rm to ovate or elliptic, 2-4 em. long, irregularly
mm. broad:
e or incised: sepals Vene ua glabrous: corolla 15 to 1
fruit globose or nearly so, red or orange-red, 8-10 mm. in aer: nutlets
3—5.—Swampy woods, Fla.
12. C.succulenta Schrader. A tree, sometimes 8 m. tall, with gray scaly bark:
leaf-blades obovate or rhombic-ovate, 2-5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, serrate,
- . ;
u -red to
dark-red, villous to glabrate, 6-16 mm. thick: nutlets 3-5.—Along streams,
a Ridge and adj. provinces, N. C. to Tenn.; and more northern provinces,
o Minn., Ont., and N. S.
13. C. Calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medie. A shrub or small t ti 6 m. tall,
with gray or dark-brown bark: leaf-blades rhombi nt to oval, rounded or
n
. rm
ellipsoid, red or oa , 10- 5 mm. long: nutlets 2-3. [C. tomentosa Du
Roi, not C. mani Ashe. yd ground near watercourses, various
provinces, N Ga. to Mo., Minn., C N. Y.
41
642 MALACEAE
chrysocarpa Ashe. A shrub or tree, sometimes EA x^ ie with dark-
brun n ` scaly bark: leaf-blades ovate-orbieular or obov e base broadly
cuneate, doubly serrate with rather coarse teeth, Mic NR lobed, sub-
coriaceous, pubescent or glabrate: sepals glandular-serrate: dps 14-18 m mm.
broad: fruit depressed-globose or short-ovoid, red, about 1 em. thick: nutlets
3-5. [C. rotundifolia Borckh. not Du —Woods, fields, a stream-banks,
various provinces, N. C. to N. M., Sask., Ont., and '"N. B.
15. C. brachyacantha Engelm. & Sarg. A tree, d 9 m. ir with dark-
brown scaly bark: leaf-blades pois pede eolate to ovate, 1—5 . lon ng, crenate-
serrate, gn rous a maturity: sepa ort -triangular, 2D on. eorolla 10—12
mm. bro let
: fruit dp ena bright- “blue at maturity, ER nutlets 3—5.—
Borders of swamps and streams, Coastal Plain, La. to Tex
16. C. viridis L. A tree sometimes 10 m. tall, with gray p reddish-brown
bark: leaf-blades ovate-oblong to ovate or rho mbic-ovate, wi e base cuneate
to rounded, 2—8 cm Pei serrate, doubly serrate or lobed, ae glabrous:
sepals glabrous, entire o nearly so: corolla 10—16 mm road: fruit t globose or
nearly so, bright-red or pee 5-8 mm. thick: nutlets r 5. . arbores-
cens Ell. ]—Along i and lakes, i in alluvial soil. n provinces,
Fla. to Tex. and Kan
17. C. intricata Lange. A shrub or small Ha 1-7 m. tall, with dark-gray or
reddish-brown bark: leaf-blades dowd -ovate to ovatesoblong, 2-7 cm. long,
usually ie rounded - contracted at base, serrate or incised: sepals glan-
dular-serrate, 4 to 9 mm. long: corolla 2 i = em. br Mad fruit globose to
oblong, 9—1 5 mm. thick, yellow, ir ue or d (at m tunity) £ nutlets 3-5.
i triflora ea 1— Rocky woodlands and pote p various provinees,
. €. to Ala., Mo., N. Y. and Va.
18. C. Harbisonii Beadle. A shrub or dies abs m. tall with ashy-gray o
brownish bark: leaf-blades pec ida to oval or obo ovate, the Seules
margined, dives or d rate, bro mi oues d beneath: sepals
‘lanceolate, 4—10 mm. long, gla dd su "Corolla about 2 em. broad: fruit
globose or short- oval, red, 10-14 mm. thick; nutlets 3—5 E nbn hills and
ridges, Interior Low Plateaus, Ala. and Tenn
19.: C. populifolia Walt. A cades or tree, sometimes 7 m. tall, with dark-gray
or brownish to nearly black scaly bark: sar ae cordate to ovate ‘or
mbic-ovate, serrate to iid. lobed, acute, 2.5— ong: sepals 3-9 mm.
long, usually glabrous or with few hai irs: corolla 15- 0 mm. broad: fruit
depressed-globose to somewhat pyriform, yellowish- [is to red, 8-15 mm.
thick: nutlets 3—-5.—(POPLAR-LEAVED HAW.)—Along streams, in rocky woods
and on ‘plufts, various provinces, S. C. to Ala., Miss., Mich., and Mas
eo
20. C. mendosa Beadle. A shrub or small tree, 3-6 m. tall, with ER -gray
d) bark: jan ae oval, or ain to slightly oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long,
unded or co ted at base, gs or ineis ju aie sepals 3-4 mm. long,
glandular. "serrate: pen 15- i8 m . broad: fruit globose or nearly so, 8—10
red at maturity: 2103 3-5 — Rocky woods and glades, Appa-
ie po Ala.
21. C. ps Ait. A large shrub or tree, sometimes 8 m. tall, with gray or
brownish, sealy bark: leaf-blades oval or obovate to orbieular, cordate or
truneate Pn a contraeted into - cuneate base, crenate- serrate to dentate
or incised: sepals 4 mm. long or more, glandular or har Rid corolla
15 mm. 2 or more: 2 iip: to D ae hick or more, yellow,
MALACEAE |. 643
22. C. Michauxii P A shrub or small tree, often : m. tall, with ipd b.
bark: leaf-blades iue -spatulate, obovate or orbicular, 1—4 em. lon more
nearly de to pe iei dentate, sometimes shallowly lobed, glandular:
sepals 4 mm. lon ng o T bine ular-serrate: corolla 15 mm. broad o
fruit subglo obose to eal 10 mm. thick or nie varying from iod o EA
the flesh usually soft: nutlets 3-5 —W oods, river-banks, clearings, and r oad-
sides, various provinces, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
23. C. floridana Sarg. A tree, reaching a height of 5 m., with dark gray or
nearly black bark: leaf-blades spatulate OR d usually entire below, 2-4
em. long, entire to lobed poids sepals 3 mm. long or more, gla ta I errate:
corolla 15 mm. broad or more: fruit obovoid to boi. orange reddish:
nutlets 3—5.—River banks, motte and hillsides, Coastal Plain and adj. prov-
inces, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.
24. C. macrosperma Ashe. A shrub or small tree, 1-7 m. tall, with ashy-gray
t or brownish bark: leaf-blades oval or die truneate or cor rdate,
serrate or lobed and serrate, glabrous: sepals 3-5 m . lon ng, entire or serrate:
corolla 14-17 mm. broad: fruit oo to wee obion ng, 7-15 mm. thick, red
or "pruinose-red at maturity: nutlets 2-5.—W oo slopes and Wee ee Blue
Ridge and adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., Rid N. C. and more northern
prov aces up to Minn. and N. S.
C. lis (T. & G.) Scheele. A nd Br 10 m tall with dark-gray or
po puc bark: leaf-blades broadly o , 4-9 em. long, rounded, truncate
or cordate at base, acute, s arply serrate s E d Tobe d, RR or some-
hat tomentose beneath, glabrous or Es escent above: sepals 5 mm, long or
more, bes aen 2 Ede piss i uem road or more: fruit sub-
globose, 13 thick more, M —(DOWNY-HAW. SCARLET-
AW. )— Mois st ‘hillsides i rich es dude Low Plateaus and more north-
ern provinces, Tenn. to Mo. and Mic
26. ©. albicans Ashe. A shrub or small tree, eroe 6 m. tall: leaf-blades
broadly
broadly ovate to oblo E ovate, 3-8 cm. long, cordate, truncate or
cuneate at base, serrate or doubly serrate oe lobed. rend us slightly Ds
cent at vp sepals 5 mm. long or more > glandu ular-serrate: corolla
mm. broad or more: fruit subglobose to comer hat sari 10-15 m mm, thick,
red: nutlets 3—5 — Hi llsides and woods, Interior Low Plateaus and bs north-
ern provinees, Tenn. to Mich. and W Mass. Perhaps a form of C.
27. C. pruinosa ( Wendl.) K. Koch. A shrub or tree, sometimes 6 m. tall, with
dark-gray or brownish bark: leaf-blades elliptic -ovate to broadly ovate or
deltoid, the pos Meri. from broadly cuneate to cordate, serrate or lobed and
serrate, 2— ong, acute or acuminate, glabrous in age: sepals 3-5 mm.
long, entire or reer rl) 15-20 mm. broad: fruit globose or subglobose,
7-13 mm. thick, reddish-green to red: nutlets 3-5 ——Woods, old fields, meadows,
and oven eed slopes, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., and
N. C.
28. C. monogyna Jacq. A shrub or tree, sometimes 12 m. tall: leaf-blades
ovate or broader, sharply 3—15-lobed or -eleft, acute, the lobes iD cuneate
A truncate at base, Ea s when mature: sepals deltoid, entire: rolla inn
ink, about 15 mm. broad: fruit globose or nearly so, re out 6 m
thick: nutlets usually 1.—Sparingly escaped from cultivation in ‘the NU eee
states and perhaps also within our area. Nat. of the O. W.
= C. D Michx. A shrub or small tree, sometimes hs m. tall ies gray
r brown bar af-blades spatulate or oblaneeolate, 1—4 em. lon ng, n
into winged SB obtuse or aeute, erenate or crenate- mm to Fueled,
644 AMYGDALACEAE
das per triangular, glabrous: corolla 7-10 mm. broad: fruit globose,
, 4-6 mm. thick: nutlets 3-5.—Along streams and in rich moist soil, Coastal
Plain and "m provinees, Fla. to Tex. and Va.
30. C. Marshallii Bggleston. A shrub or small ie often 6 m. tall, ns
. lon
smooth, gray bark: leaf-blades esp ovate to orbieular, 1-4 em. long, pin
nately and deeply * -lobed, the lobes i Rie a ‘when yo ung: sepa 25
lanceolate, Mr glandular-serrate; corolla broad: fruit oblong
2 RC 4 to ds . long, searlet: nutlets ne Te. apiifolia Michx.]—(P
ARS-
PARSLEY-LEAVED THORN. Dum —In low places along swamps and streams,
Coastal J Plain, Fla. to Texas and Va.
31. C. uniflora e A sie : small tree (?), with s brown bark:
leaf-blades obovate oblong-cuneiform to cuneate, 1—4 cm. long, crenate or
crenate-serrate, often shallowly lobed, pubescent beneath, a brate or c
above: sepals lan RA. serrate to deeply d glandular: corolla pne
broad: fruit globose to pyrifor m, 7-14 m ; Je ellow to red at maturi Tnm
nutlets 3 or 4. [C. y cu d she. |— (Di doe ORN )—Piels durs flats,
woods, MET pusand- eee Plain and adj. Doe. Ga. to N. Y.
32. C. lacrimata Small. A small tree, sometimes 5 m. tall, with ashy-gray,
scaly bark: leaf-blades cuneate-spatulate, 1-2.5 cm. long, "glabrous in age,
dentate above the middle, glandular, rounded, truncate, or pointed: sepals
small, entire or nearly so, SAIS. fruit g lobose Or nearly so, yellow or
orange pa reddish: nutlets 3-5.—Stream-banks and sandy woods W Fla.
33. C. deri a aay (L. f.) Medic. A tree, often 10 m. tall, with grayish or
brown sealy bark: leaf-blades conspieuously ae deltoid to broadly ovate,
serrate, often ineisely 3—7-lobed, green and glabrous, 2~7.5 em. long: sepals
deltoid, entire: corolla 8-12 mm. "br oad: fruit Iph ven uin small, scarlet:
nutlets usually 5. [C. cordata (Mill) Ait.]—(HEDGE-THORN. ED-HAW.
WASHINGTON-THORN.)—-Stream-banks, woods, thickets, and fence-rows, various
provinces, Ga. to Ark. and. N. J.—Native southward, naturalized N.
7. COTONEASTER Medic. Shrubs. Leaf-blades simple, toothed or en-
tire. Cymes cluster-like. Pomes small, the carpels becoming bony.—About
50 species, natives of the Old World.
1. C. Pyracantha (L.) Spach. Evergree
shrub with slender a. leaf-blades al
slightly oblanceola 2-5 em. long, ob-
tuse, crenulate: es As hypanthium
white-woolly : eee ovate: petals p
out 3 mm. long: pomes about 4 m
scarlet, bitter.—( FIRETHORN. T-
)—Thiekets and cult. grounds
various provinees, Ala Tenn. an a
at. sia, and cult.—Spr.—Man
species of Cotoneaster are in cultivation.
They are first cl ornamentals, not only
with attractive foliage, but they are also
showy in flower and in fruit. Many of those used in landscape work are of
Asiatic origin.
Faminy 15. AMYGDALACEAE — PLUM FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, commonly with prussie acid in the tissues. Leaves
alternate, with free, often early deciduous stipules: blades simple, mostly
AMYGDALACEAE 645
toothed. Flowers perfect, in corymbs, cymes, racemes, or panicles, some-
times clustered. Calyx of 5 sepals, borne on the edge of the hypanthium,
deciduous. Corolla of 5 petals. Androecium of many stamens. Gynoe-
cium of a single carpel, or rarely of 2 or 3 carpels. Ovary 1-celled: style
entire. Fruit a drupe.—About 10 genera and 125 species, most abundant
in north temperate regions.
Style basal: ovules erect. Tribe I. CHRYSOBALANEAE.
Style terminal: ovules pendulous. Tribe II. PRUNEAE.
RYSOBALANEAE
Inflorescence axillary: drupe with a fluted stone.
Inflorescence terminal: drupe with a terete stone.
1. CHRYSOBALANUS.
2. GEOBALANUS.
II.
Drupe with a pulpy exocarp: leaves p flowers in
clusters or terminal racemes
uo sessile or nearly so: stone eoarsely wrinkled and
pitte
Flowers o did pedicelled : stone neither wrinkled nor
00V
Flowers in corymbs from scaly buds of the Qu DE
of the pr Td year, before the leaves, the corymbs
often umbel-lik
Flowers in Faconies terminating branches of the year,
after the leaves. 5. PADUS.
Drupe with a dry exocarp: leaves persistent: flowers in axil-
lary racemes. 6. LAUROCERASUS.
1. CHRYSOBALANUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades of an orbieu-
lar or obovate type. Cymes a id Petals priiis hite. Filaments dis-
tinct or nearly so. Stone of the fruit pointed at the Nm ridged.—About 3
species, American and du ae
3. AMYGDALUS.
4, PRUNUS.
1. C. Icaco
Drupe globular or spheroidal: petals cuneate. : :
2. C. interior.
Drupe obovoid or oblong-obovoid : petals spatulate.
1. C. Icaco L. Shrub, or tree sometimes 10m , and when growing o
the beach, with radially creeping bag ers leaf- bue Bron obovate e
orbieular-obovate, ly 4-8.5 long,
ically i
drupe globose or spheroidal, 3—4 em. long
sa , red, urple; stone broadly ob-
blunt t-ridged. — (Cocoa4-PLUM.)—
oid,
Dom sand-dunes, and coastal hammocks,
S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. Mez
C. A., 8. A)— "indi fruits are used: for pre:
serves. Sometim s planted as an ornam
It thrives far removed from its mari-
time habitat.
rior Small. Shrub or small tree:
2. C.
leaf-blades oval, obovate, = orbieular, mostly
2—6 em. long, typi e — pid d or abruptly
pointed: sepals abou lo ong: rupe
obovoid or oblong- cd ES ce ong, purple: stone ellipsoid or ellipsoid-
udin uelle d ed. Le. pe cllocarpus ie SE. U. S.) n y.|—(Sm
EVERGLADE Coc M.)—Ham ds Pn Keys,
didam islands i in e clades and D dE S pen. Fla.—(W. I.)
2. GEOBALANUS Small. Shrubs, with underground stems. Leaf-
blades more elongate than in Chrysobalanus. Cyme terminal. Petals not
646 AMYGDALACEAE
eod white. Filaments markedly united. Carpels sometimes 2 or 3. Stone
of the fruit terete, not pointed at the base.—Following are the only known
wc ba one. -APPLES. GROUND-OAKS,
Ovary pubescent: drupe 3-4 cm. long. 1. G. pallidus.
Ovary glabrous: drupe 2-2.5 cm. long. 2. G. oblongifolius.
G. pallidus Small. Similar to G. oblongifolius in habit: blades of the upper
leaves elliptie, 4—10 em. long, aeute, pini white-tomentose beneath, the hairs
e or ov x
Florida—is not the only animal t
cpu the fruits of these shrubs.
nts g low ho
gopher—one of the large land turtles of
he hat ap-
anima
that it is often difficult to find one, even in
a large colony of the plants.
2. G. oblongifolius (Michx.) Small. Plant
1-3 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves ob-
MD RA den a em. long, gla-
brous, obtus and s
dru id Ew ob [Chr —
oblongifolius Miehx. T- Pineands, pcr "hills, and sand-dunes, Coastal Plain,
. to Miss. and Ga.
3. AMYGDALUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves very strongly impreg-
nated with prussic acid. Flowers sessile or short-pedicelled. Corolla mostly
in Drupe velvety-pubescent, the stone
ae. and pitted.—About 5 species, na-
tives of Asia.—PEACHES
1. A. Persica L. Tree: leaf-blades nar-
rowly apie lanceolate, or rarely ellip-
tic-obov ing, sharply serrate: petals
p pis rupe subglobose or
ar ara 4—10 cm. long, grooved on one side
velvety. — (COMMON AC — Roadsides,
Hees and thickets, various provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Calif., and N. Y.—Nat. of Old
World. —Sg r.— Cult. in many varieties for
its fruit.— Two distinct forms of the peach
appear as eseapes from cultivation; the a
has large, Poss dra dd light-pink flow |
ud other has small, inconspicuous reddish. um flowers. These may represent
two of d ancestral species which may be combined in the ordinary culti-
voe pea
4, PRUNUS L. Shrubs or trees, — thorny. Leaves oceasion-
=l o with prussic-acid, deciduous: ae broad o row, mem-
somewhat leathery, more or less toothed. Flowers perfect, in
cR or corymb-like clusters from scaly e s, usually rather = il
celled. Hypanthium turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, deciduous. Se
AMYGDALACEAE
als 5, short. Petals 5, white or nearly so, broad. Stamens 13-20.
647
Pistil
solitary. Ovary with 2 ovules. Drupe glabrous, often glaucous, with a fleshy
exocarp and a bony stone.—About 100 pe most bis ndant
temperate zone, tropieal Ameriea, and —Spr.—
in the north
UMS. CHERRIES.—The
fruits of both wild and cultivated trees are Een Cad Sud as food, both raw
and preserved.
Drupe with a ventral groove: stone more or less flattened.— PLUM
Perupe without a ventral groove: stone very turgid.—
ERRIES.
Flowers corym
Flowers in rece like corymbs.
I e S
Flowers, and drupes, distinctly pedic
I. a T
II. ERE E
III. CERAS
d.
Teeth of the leaf- = Pointed or acute, mostly not gland- -tipped when the
leaves unfold: sepals glandless except sometimes for inconspicuous glands
in P. ameri due
Leaf-blades rather abruptly acuminate, rather coarsely and deeply serrate:
TEA e ad mm. wide: drupes red or reddish-yellow, 18-30 mm. in
Tree, pee rond ng from the roots, thus forming thickets: bark scaly on older
trunks: leaf-blades glabrous or Sparingly pubescent, or rarely tomen-
tose beneath, 2m minate, even when they idi fr uits ripening in
A? P.
July: stone ov
Tree, not S TORRE. from the roots, thus not form-
ing thickets: bark somewhat furrowed on older
trunks: leaf-blades usually copiously tomentose
beneath, commonly somewhat obtuse when the
oe drupes ripening in October and Novem-
stone obovoid to merely round.
Leaf-blades gradually acuminate, or pe acute,
ather finely serrate: corollas 6-14 mm. wide:
rupes purple or d en to yellow, about
15 mm. in diame
Drupe globular: stone ubel ATT leaves glabrous.
Drupe oval or ree ear stone somewhat elongate:
eaves pubesce
Twigs glabrous and shin
Twigs closely mE
Teeth 9: the leaves rounded or obtuse sometimes a
pa
glandular, except in P. angustifolia, in which the
sepals are ciliate.
Leaf-blades rather thick, ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
and irregularly serrate.
coa mol rather m oblong-lanceolate to
oe lustro above, not ae cuously veiny
pier ay ae 6-10. cm. DE “sepals ian duiae.
Leaf-blades usually 2-6 long: sepals non-
glandular.
Flowers, and drupes, short-pedicelled or nearly sessile.
PENNSYLVANIC
II
Small tree with reddish-brown pM S, acuminata leaf-
blades, and small red fruits 5-7 m eter
III. CER
Low shrubs: corolla about 1 cm. broad: leat bladés appressed-
serrate: drupes mostly less than 1 n diameter.
Large trees: corolla 1.5-3 cm. broad: leaf-blades sharply
serra drupes mostly over 10 mm. in diameter
Drupe sour: leaves glabrous.
Drupe sweet: leaves pubescent.
americana.
2. P. mexicana.
3. P. umbellata.
4. P. mitis
5. P. inm undo:
6. P. hortulana.
7. P. Munsoniana.
F P. angustifolia.
. P. geniculata.
10. P. pennsylvanica.
11. P. cuneata.
12. P. Cerasus.
13. P. Avium.
648 AMYGDALACEAE
. P. americana Marsh. Tree becoming 10 m. tall, the young twigs chest-
nut-brown: leaf-blades oval or elli D : narrowly obovate, 6—10 cm. long,
glabrous or sparingly pubescent ben
(densely pubescent in P. ricana dis
ather narrowed at
flower o ther e
umbels als lanceolate or elliptic-lanceo-
D-PL TH M.)—
Edges of woods, river- “banks, thickets, and
fence-rows, various provinces, Fla. to Colo.,
Mont., and N. Y.—Fr. ripe late ae or fall.
P. mexicana S. Wats. Tree becoming 12 m. tall, the young twigs gray-
ish: leaf-blades elliptic-obovate or obovate, 7—10.5 cm. long, pubescent, at least
beneath, rounded to subcordate at the base: flowers 2—4 together in nearly
nt
or mon often sparingly pubes n without: drupe globose or very
Ru pes oid, 18-30 mm. in eie dark a cnius with bloom: stone
obovoid to near rly round, 12.5-16 mm. long.—(BIG-TREE PLUM.)—Open woods,
rich bottoms, and upla and prairies, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to
Tex., Okla., and Ky.—(Mez.)—F'. ripe fall.
P. umbellata Ell. Tree 8 m. tall or less, the young twigs dark reddish-
d.
brown, glabrous: leaf-blades d e elliptic-lanceolate, or oval, 4-7 em.
long, ris glabrous above, pubescent beneath along the midrib, and also some-
e —20 mm. in
diameter, ded ye JS or mc Ris dark- s with bloom: stone oval or
nearly globose.—(SL Lor. HoG-PLUM. L2 ed ae! woods
|. and river D Coastal Plain, "Fla. to La. and S. C.—Fr. ripe
4, P. pied pi Shrub or small tree, 4-8 m. tall, seldom spiny, with
dark-gray or reddish-brown bark and glabrous shining twigs: leaf-blades 2-9
em. long, elliptic, elliptic la e or rarely 2 P e or obovate, acute or acumi-
nate, sharply serrate, narrowed or rounded at the base, finely pu ubescent on
both surfaces and espec cially along the aa midrib and veins beneath:
sepals triangular, subacute, pubescent bo ek t and densely so within: petals
6-8 mm. long: drupe ellipsoid, 10-14 m aa. dark-purple Dan the bloom:
stone ovoid or oval, slightly compressed, about 1 em. long, pointed at both ends
and especially at the apex, crested on one per i RE soil, often in open
woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. and A
5. P. injucunda Small Shrub or small tree, seldom spiny, the fark dark-
gray and on the younger branches covered with a velvety pubescence: leaf-
a v
neath, inconspicuously pubescent and slightly rugose abov a y
ciliate, obtuse: petals 6-8 mm. long; blades oval to orbicular: dnos ellipsoid,
AMYGDALACEAE 649
12-15 mm. long, dark-purple, beneath the bloom: P ities 8- mm. me
much haie a ed at both ends, crested. [P. m a (Ch Fl.). ]
— (Hoa LUM.) ndy e mainly in the granite districts, "Piedmont, "Ga. and
Ala Fr. ripe sum
6. P. hortulana Bailey. Tree becoming 9 m. tall, the young e dark
reddish-brown: leaf-blades elliptic-obovate or A Ne 7.5-11 . long,
decidedly inate, ewhat lustrous above, pubescent, often spari 80
beneath, rather abruptly rounded at the base —5-flowered: sepals
elliptic-ovate, mostly obtuse, glabrous or obscurely pubescent, gl on
r ong, abruptly clawed: drupe globose or slightly ellip-
soid, 1 diameter, red 1 po S in om: stone
mostly oval d or P NL 11-17 mm. P. hortulana Mineri
ong. [
(WILD-GOOSE PLUM. me bottom TB various pier Ga. to Tex., Mo. j
and Ill.—Fr. ripe sum.—fall.
7. P. Munsoniana Wight & Hedrick. Tree, becoming 6 m. tall or more, the
young twigs usually eo ae n: leaf-blades lanceolate E p Mr
late, usually 6-10 em. long, e or occasionally somewhat acuminate, shining
above, sparingly pubescent pone near the veins beneath, or glabrous,
rounded at the base: flowers 2-4 together: sepals elliptic-ovate to Eu
obtuse, glabrous or sparingly pubescent n t, glandular on the margin
petals 6-7 mm. long, entire or slightly erose: drupe glo lobose to al 25-30
mm. in diameter, usually EA las with light bloom, sometimes ye ellow: stone
elliptie to oval or ovoid, mm. long or longer. — Rich soil, du in river-
valleys, various provinces, aa ae to N Tex. and Mo.—Fr. ripe
8. P. angustifolia Marsh. Tree 8 m. tall or less or a shrub, bn young dro
reddish-brown: leaf-blades lanceolate to oval-lanceolate, 2-5 em. lon
acute, shining above, sparingly pubescent beneath or pe Ran cance a D
‘rarely rounded at the base: flowers 2—4 together: sepals ovate, obtuse, glabrous
without, eiliate, eglandular: petals about 4 mm. long, abruptly clawed: drupe
subglobo ose, 13 3-23 mm . in diameter, P to yellow: stone oval, obovoid, rens
or oval, -1.5 cm. long. E Chicasa Michx.]— HICKASAW-PLUM.
PLUM.)—Sandy soil, edges of woods, thickets and fence-rows, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Miss. and N. J.—Fr. ripe spr
9. ae ben iculata Harper. Shrub with diffusely branched stems, 1.5 m. tall,
the numerous zigzag branches somewhat spinescent: leaf-blades aiptic to
ovate ‘elliptic, 1-2.5 em. long, mucronate, finely erenate-serrate, rather short-
j e wW e
leaves: pedicels stout, 2-3 mm. long: corolla white, 1 cm. wide or less: drupe
n or TA T vg ur E or n E -PLUM.)—Sverub and dry
10. P. beers aire L.f. Tree 11 m. tall or less, the young twigs reddish
em.
and somewhat shining: leaf- blades lanceolate or elliptie-lanceolate, 6—15
long, asd, gla dn or sometimes sparingly pubescent petu. n
or rounded at t th e base: flowers 3-7 together in umbel-like or orymb-li
clusters: asl tare elliptic. or ovate-elliptic, obtuse, glabrous, aadar: avers .
about 5 mm. long: drupe globular, 5-7 mm. in diameter, red, the flesh thin:
stone ovoid s broadly ellipsoid to subglobose o.— ( BIED-O CHERRY. PIN-CHERRY.
PIGEON-CHERRY. ILD RED-CHERRY. .) — Roc ky woods and clearings, often in
acid soil and burned-over land, inde provinces N of Coastal un Ga. to
Colo., Ont., and Newf.—Fr. ripe
11. P. cuneata Raf. Shrub 1.5 m. tall or rA the —— glabrous: leaf- blades
oval, elliptic, elliptic-obovate, or obovate, 3.5-8 cm. long, obtuse or some-
650 AMYGDALACEAE
times a green above, pale be neath, cuneate or gradually narrowed to
the base: flowers usually 3 together: sepals ue obtuse, glabrous, minutely
endum. on the Bas gins: dis about 6 ong: drupe globose or sub-
globose, 10-15 mm. in diameter, black, eN Loo. stone acute.—(DwanRr-
Y:)— Mist o or m woods, various provinees N of Co tal Plain, N. C.
to > Minn. and N. H.—Fr. ripe
. P. Cerasus L. Small tree: leaf-blades m oval-ovate, or ovate-lanceo-
iie, 4-11 em. long, abruptly acute or acum , finely serrate-dentate, gla-
brous, resinous when young: corolla 1.5-2.5 e om poor drupe nearly d
—10 mm. in di r bl
stone
g .— (SOUR-CHERRY. ORELLO-CHERRY.)—Woods and e -TOWS, Sou
provinces, N Fla. to Colo. and N. H. Nat. of Eu.—Fr. ripe sum
13. P. Avium L. Large tree leaf-blades ovate to oval or oval-ovate, 5-10
em. long, a short- -acuminate, coarsely te) serrate, pubescent beneat
sometimes only on the veins: corolla 2.5-3 em. broad: drupe ovoid-globose, 8-10
mm. in diameter, not acid, usually ees. SS globul WEET-CHERR
"prem )—Thiekets, fence- -rows, and edge is of code) REN provinces, N
Fla. to Mo. and Ont. Nat. of Eurasia.—Fr. ripe su
5. PADUS Borckh. Shrubs or trees. Md deciduous, manifestly im-
pregnated with prussie acid. ers in terminal racemes, white. Hypan-
thium green. Sepals relatively large fes rounded. Drupe with a juicy
'exocarp.—About 15 1d natives of the north temperate regions.— WILD
CHERRIES. CHOKE CHERRIES.
Sepals deciduous: leaf-blades mostly serrulate with very dci s
nana.
Sepals. Bo leaf-blades mostly serrulate with relatively
coarse t
Young shoots, raceme-rachis, and pedicels glabrous. 2. P. virginiana.
Young shoots, raceme-rachis, and pedicels pubesce nt.
Leaf- blades finely and rather sparingly pubescent be-
rate and eL with a . P. Cuthbertii.
Drupe red: leaf-blades D ay obovate, blunt.
Du purple: leaf-blades ovate or elliptic, acute or
cuminate. . P. alabamensis.
Leaf-blades densely and dr OMEN with
tawny or rufous tomentum, not eau 9. P. australis.
TP. nana (Du Roi) Roem. ae
raceme rather lax, 8-15 g
flexed, often ovate, glandular-margined
tals 3—4 ong: drupe globose, 8—10
m
ock woods, nd-
dunes, and river-banks, various provinces,
Ga. to Tex., Man., and Newf.—Spr
2. P. virginiana (L.) Be Tree with
ascending branches, beco ing 35 m. tall:
leaf-blades firm, elliptie, varying to obovate,
or elliptic- -lanceol ate, 5-15 em. long (coria-
ceous, often lanceolate, whitish beneath, coarsely serrate, and with the racemes
few- flower ed and div vergent in P. virginiana montana—on mtn. tops), acumi-
AMYGDALACEAE 651
or aeute at both ends, or rounded at the base, crenate-serrulate with
eos -tipped teeth, glabrous or edd 80: d ovate, ae nger than broad:
corolla 8-10 mm. broad: drupe globose, 8-10 mm. in diameter, dark-purple or
nearly black, sweet but slightly uu. [P. wr Ehrh.) Agardh. |—
(WILD BLACK-CHERRY. oe —W oods and roadsides, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., N. D., and On t.—Spr.- m.—The bark of this and of other species
is used in medicine. The wood is uod in eabinet-work.
Cuthbertii Small Tree 6 m. tall, with tomentose twigs: leaf-blades
piis typically obovate, varying to oval or pandurate, 4-9 cm. long, blunt
notched at the apex, shallowly serrate, not markedly biglandular at the
often cunea a ba ase, dull-green above, pale or glaucescent beneath, the midrib
and petioles copiously ee , the lateral veins slightly so: raceme 5-8 cm.
th
long, the rachis and pedicels pubescent like the twigs: tee broader than
long, obtuse: petals 3—4 pum long, erisped: drupes subglobose, 8-9 mm. in
diameter, red.—Rocky and sandy o river-bluffs, and steep- dendo Coastal
Plain and Piedmont, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.
4. P. alabamensis (C. Mohr) Small. . mis rarely over 10 m. , the bark
rough: leaf-blades coriaceous or thick-membranous, ovate to elliptic. 6-12 cm
ng, t-acumi ut sometimes ODE th pex, serrate wit lunt
appressed gland-tipped teeth, paler beneath than above y pubescent
with simple or forked hairs, rounded or slightly narrowed raceme
at the
10-15 em. long, spreading, the rachis and peduncles, like the calyx, pubescent.
—Mt. slopes, yep provinees, Ga. and A] "Spr.
5. P. australis Beadle. Tree 10-20 m. tall: leaf-blades obovate, oval, or
eee 4—10 em. long, 2-6 em. wide, abruptly and rather bluntly pointed at
the or ripae obtuse, r rounded or Wb narrowed at the base,
on the ower su B with tawny or rufou us tom a m, not at all glaucous:
raceme 8-12 em. long, b dcs and pe TIMOR like the young shoots, pubescent:
drupe globose, 5-8 m n diameter, purp loce soil, Coastal Plain, near
Evergreen, ne Spr
6. LAUROCERASUS Reichenb. Shrubs or trees. Leaves evergreen,
copiously impregnated with prussie acid. Flowers in axillary racemes, white.
Hypanthium white. Sepals minute. Petals more or less angulate. rupe with
a dry exocarp.—About 20 species, natives of tropical and temperate regions.—
CHERRY-LAURELS.
Petals larger than the sepals: drupe subglobose. 1. L. myrtifelia.
Petals smaller than the sepals: drupe ellipsoid or oval. 2. L. caroliniana.
L. myrtifolia (L.) Britton. Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades elliptic:
racemes loosely flowered, the eed Rem v4 slightly angled: drupe
8-12 mm. in diameter: stone oidal
o A aime Sw. L. sphaerocarpa
(Sw.) Roem.]—(WEsT-INDIAN CHERRY.
few, i one pom Keys, 1 Il and Flor-
ida Keys.—(W. I.) —Fall—wi
. L. caroliniana (Mill) Roem. Shrub or
small tree: leaf-blades narrowly tee d to
den
elliptic-oblanceolate: racemes ow-
ered, the pedicels pud ar saliently
angled -13 mm id.
[Prunus s Ait [C Moos ORANGE.)
—Woods, usually in river banks an
mocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to a and N. C.
—Wint.-spr.—(W. 1. )—Rare as a native
tree, dm commoner as an scape from cult.
652 MIMOSACEAE
FaxiLy 16. MIMOSACEAE — Mimosa FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate: blades e compound, usually
2-3-pinnate: stipules sometimes spine-like. Flowers mostly perfect, borne
in capitate or elongate usually dense spikes or racemes. Calyx of 3-6
partially united sepals. Corolla of 3-6 equal, distinct or partially united
petals. ndroecium of 3-6, or many, stamens which are usually con-
spicuously exserted. Gynoecium l-earpellary. Fruit a legume.—About
40 genera and 1,500 species, most abundant in the tropics.
Stamens numerous, more than 10.
Filaments partly united into a tube. Tribe I. INGEAE.
Filaments distinct. Tribe II. ACACIEAE.
Stamens as many Es the petals or corolla-lobes or
twice as m
a
Anthers Without “glandular appendages at the top. Tribe III. MIMOSEAE.
sade at ent in the bud, topped by glandular
appen nda ages Tribe IV. ADENANTHEREAE.
I. INGEAE
Valves of the pod not separating from the continuous nos n.
Pods m nee once valves: leaves with few (us
ally 4) 1 1. PITHECOLOBIUM.
Pod with eau neue or thin-leathery very flat valves:
leaves with several or many leafle 2 ZZIA.
Valves of the pod separating from the continuous margin. 8. Ero
ACACIEAE
Ovary stipitate: petals distinct or united, commonly only t
below d middle: pod flat, dry, the seeds not in two dis-
tinct r 4. ACACIELLA.
Ovary Soie petals united into a tubular-funnelform,
gud lobed corolla: pod nearly Te or e Eu than
high, pulpy within, the seeds in two separate 5. VACHELLIA.
III. MIMOSEA
Vies Rom ane pod not separating from m continuous
Shrubs P tees seeds transverse in the pod. 6. LEUCAENA.
Herbs: sends len thwise or oblique in the pod. T. ACUAN.
Valves of the pod separating from the continuous margin.
Pod slightly, if at all, flattened, 4-angled or with a broad
margin, beaked, not jointed. 8. ooo
Pod flat, jointed, not beaked. 9. MIA
IV. ADENANTHEREAE
Herbs with prostrate wiry or very slender unarmed branches:
spikes uniform, the neutral and perfect flowers the same
size: pod short and even. 10. NEPTUNEA.
Spike much. longer than the perfect ones: pod elongate,
constricted between the seeds and contorted. 11. CAILLEIA.
1. PITHECOLOBIUM Mart. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaf-
lets few, often 4. Spikes oe white or m Calyx-lobes minute.
Corolla prominently lobed. Pod narrow, contorted, of n pulpy within. Seed
with colored arils—About 100 nar widely Bd in tropieal and sub-
tropical regions.—Spr.-sum. or all year.
Ovary glabrous, shorter than the stipe: petioles longer than the ee ee Caii
P. Unguis-Cati.
Ovary pubescent, longer than the stipe: petioles shorter than
the petiolules. 2. P. guadelupense.
Unguis-Cati (L.) B med or rarely unarmed shrub or small
ds "blades of the leaflets "thinnish broadly obovate, oval, or suborbicular,
MIMOSACEAE 653
d 5 long: calyx 1.5-2 mm. long; lobes wider
long, blunt: corolla 3.5—4.5 mm. long: pod
pari UE s AT - CLAW. BLACK-BEAD.) —
Hammocks, Everg lade Keys and lower W coast,
pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.— (W. I.)
= P. ST Chapm. Unarmed or rarely
med shrub or small E tree: blades of the
leaflets p qe elliptic to cuneate, oval, or sub-
orbicular, 3-7 em. long: calyx 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes
A
pid Mm cea ue re ands, ham
mocks, and sand-dunes, Eve erglade Keys and lower
E coast, pen. ET a. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.)
2. ALBIZZIA Durazz. Shrubs or trees. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets
numerous. Spikes capitate, white or pink. Calyx-lobes relatively short p
mall. Corolla e twice as long as the calyx. Pod linear, flat.—About 5
species, natives of the Old World.
Blades of the leaflets acute, the midrib nearly marginal: potas veiny all ov
A.
Blades of the leaflets rounded at the apex, the midrib not lat- dc brisem.
eral: pod-valves veiny only over the seeds. 2. A. Lebbek.
1. A. Pace n (Willd.) Durazz. Shrub or tree becoming 10 m. tall: leaves
with 16-24 pinnae; leaflets 5—7, the blades n -lanceolate, 7-16 mm. long,
obliquely uirum calyx a out 2 mm. long: olla
6-8 mm. long; larger pne ovate: pod broadly
linear, 10—15 em. long: seed elliptie, 3.5—4.5 mm. .
wide.—(JUBLIBRISSIN. cage ILK-TREE.) —Pine-
lan nds, hammocks, roadsides, and cult. grounds,
Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to
La. and Md. Nat. of Asia S eult.—(W. I.)—
Spr.-sum.—The spikes are pin
= A. Lebbek (Willd.) Benth. Tall tree: leaves
pinnae; leaflets 10—22, the blades elliptic .
to ae -obovate, see em. long, acute: ealyx
abou . lon, ng: rolla 9—11 mm. long; larger
lobea bie ned Tinea, pos iru bids
oval, 6-7 mm. wide.—(LEB Wom
E. —Hammocks and cult. a. Florida "Keys. Nat. of Africa and
ns I.)—-Spr.—The spikes are cream-color.
ILOMA Benth. Shrubs or trees. Lea 2-pinnate: leaflets
numerous es few). Spikes capitate (or cylindric), SAN or greenish-white.
Pic Min relatively ed Corolla slightly longer
than the calyx. Pod elliptic to linear.——About 10
species, natives of tropical America.
1. L. bahamensis Benth. ae ee 20 m.
tall, Rie spreading branches with 4—
pinnae; leaflets 20—40, the Pea elliptie to ae
ETE 8-11 mm. long: ca Ts about 2
long: corolla 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes ovate: pur
elliptic, 8-15 cm. long, long stipitate. [Z. lati-
siliqua Chapm. not Ben nth. |— ( WILD-TAMARIND.) —
Hole ae pen. Fla. and Florida
Keys.—(W. I.).
654 MIMOSACEAE
4. ACACIELLA Britton & Rose. Shrubs or trees, or sometimes herbs.
Leaves mostly 2-pinnate, sometimes reduced to phyllodia: leaflets usually nu-
merous. Spikes capitate or cylindric. Calyx
cupulate or resembling the cokola: Petals
distinct or partially united. Filaments dis-
tinct, or some of them slightly united at the
base. Pod flat—About 50 species, mostly
in ope or tropical regions.
1. A. a (Nutt.) Britton & Rose. chus
with ig foliage: leaf-pinnae mostly 1
18: leaflets very Sara qu blades elliptic
or narrowly elliptic, 4-5 mm. long: spike
white, Bn or yellowish: pue less then
1 ong; lobes deltoid, acute: corolla
2—2.5 mm. Ion ng pod linear, 3- m ong,
ns mm [A. filicioides (Fl SH.
SS E m pen. Fla.; also various provinces, Tex. to Ariz.,
ans ., and Mo.—(Mez.)
. VACHELLIA d & Arn. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves 2-pin-
nate: leaflets numerous, small. Spikes globose. Calyx-lobes minute "a rela-
]
tively short. orolla about twice as long as the calyx, the lobes short. Fila-
ments distinct. Pod is turgid pide species of wide ge iu distri-
bution.—Spr.-sum. or all year S.—OPOPANAX. YELLOW-OPOPANAX. POPINACK.
HINSACH. CASSIE. Pu A NM
Leaflets d reu blades relatively large 4.5-6.5 mm. long, veiny: spikes over 1
a in diamet pod blunt or merely abruptly Ec the suture prominently
ridged. 1. V. Farnesiana.
Leafets contiguous; blades relatively small, 1.5-3.5 m long,
not veiny : spikes less mian e mm. in diameter : bod 1 beaked
p
Pod beaked, turgid.
Flower- heads, 1—3 AE the peduncles nearly 2 cm.
ong: nal mucro of leaf-rachis glabrous or nearly
so: Soles: SUonoRdguetci) slender. . V. peninsularis.
Bs p s tog ether, the peduncles mostly less
Benin alm mucro of leaf-rachis pubes-
E aries ‘proportionately stout. A V. densiflora.
Pod ee not turgid. . V. insularis.
1. V. Farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. Stout shrub or small tree, armed wi
rather short stout spines: leaf-rachis and aa mes D leaflets Es
dd the longer ones of each rachis 4.5-6
. long: peduneles elosely fne. pu b ME
uus fully t io in diameter: calyx about
2m ]
m. long: corolla 3—4 mm. he much ex-
ceeding the ae pod stout, 3. ak ES RE
ae about 6 mm. long. —Ham , pine
lands, and ee Coastal Play Fla.
to Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
2. V. peninsularis Small. Shrub up to 4 m.
b armed with slender spines mostly 1—3
long: leaf-rac ud glabrous: leaflets gla-
brous the larger ones of each rachis 1.5- r
m. long: e d eem 2 em. long, w
few sessile glan Eme: slightly
puberulent: ET yellow, less than 1 cm. in
MIMOSACEAE 655
diameter: calyx about 2 mm. long: corolla about 2.5 mm. long, slightly exceed-
ing the calyx: pod d inequilaterally Eu ae Lr i r less turgid, 3—6 cm.
one M ei 5-5.5 mm. lon ng.—Pinelands and h n the Everglades, S.
Fla.—All year n the d of the Toe. Florida Keys there is a
dis opoponax, usually less than 1 m. tall, the pods are linear, S 10e cm. nome?
curved and relatively stout-beaked.
3. V. densiflora eee Shrub up to 4 m. tall, ind with short spines
olan less than ong: leaf-rachis P terminal mucro long-pubes-
ent: leaflets SE E larger ones up to 3.5 mm ads ng: peduncles mostly
pe than 1 em. long, rather stout in proportion, with numerous sessile resinous
glands, accompanied by some caducous pu TERT eren deep orange-yellow,
less than 1 em. in diameter: calyx about 2 mm. long: corolla about 2.5 mm.
long, slightly exceeding the calyx: pod stout, As a short, stout beak, only
slightly turgid, 3-5 em. long: seeds about 5 m ong.—Bayou-banks, fills, and
waste-fields, along Pet near the Gulf Const, W "ls to Tex.—Spr.
4. V. insularis Small. Shrub up to 3 m. tall, armed with pale spines 1-2.5 e
long: leaf-rachis glabrous: leaflets glabrous, the longer ones of each Pd.
1.5-3 mm. long: peduncle glabrous or with dA iac glands: spikes Jess
than 1 cm. in diameter: calyx about 2 mm. long: corolla about 2.5 mm. lon ng,
slightly exceeding the o pod nr stout, em not inflated, 2 5 em
long, acute, but not beaked—Hammocks and pinelands, Fla. Keys.—All year.
6. LEUCAENA Benth. Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly 2-pinnate: leaf-
lets often small and numerous. Spikelets capitate. Calyx-lobes minute. Petals
distinct, or rarely slightly coherent. Fila- |
arl Pod li
ments distinet or nearly so. od linear,
flat.—About 10 species, mostly in tropieal
America.
l. L. glauca (L.) Benth. Shrub, or tree
becoming 10 m. tall: leaflets 6- 12 mm.
long; a narrowly elliptie to lanceolate,
9 mm. wide: spikes white or pinkish:
ee 2-2.5 mm. xm or rarely bus
. lon pod em
ong. — (LEAD-TREE.) — EP ns
Plaga, Fla. and eros I., Mex., C. A.,
S. uu All yea
S8
(4°)
ct
&
[am
un
un
Pm
Se
B
o
UAN Medie. Perennial herbs, often somewhat woody near the base.
Dentes bin leaflets small, numerous. Spikes capitate, white or greenish.
Calyx-lobes minute. etals distinct, sometimes clawed. Filaments distinct.
Pod flattish. [Desmanthus Willd.]—About 10 species, most of them in trop-
ical Ameri
Stamens 5: pods flat, broad, curved, in a dense-head: seeds few. 1. A. illinoense.
Stamens S pods turgid, narrow, straight, spreading: seeds
severa
pe Eo een the lower pair of pinnae orbicular: pod 3-5.5
2. A. depressum.
Gland between the lower pair of pinnae elliptic: pod 6-8 cm.
3. A. virgatum.
illinoense (Michx.) Kuntze. Plant 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous or near]
so: leaves with 20-28 pinnae; blades of the leaflets lanceolate to linear-elliptic,
656 MIMOSACEAE
2.0— Sila i ealyx about 1.5 mm. lon ng:
arn 2.5-3 m I E: piod broad: pod
b
(Willa. ) "Benth; ]—(Pizckus- -WEED. )—
soil wi? river banks, various provinces, Fh.
iA . to Tex., Colo., Minn., and Ohi
xm
2. A. depressum (H. B. K.) Kuntze. Stem
3-8 em. long: blades of RU narrowly
elliptic, 2-5 mm. long: calyx 1.5-2 mm. lon
petals 2.5 mm. long; ; can To pod
3-5.5 mm. Jon [D. dep . K.1
Pinelands = open sandy places s pen. Fla.
and the Keys, and Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. A.,
S. A gem
9. A. virgatum (L.) Medie. Stem 3-11 dm. long: blades of the vel rd
x
to elliptic, 4-8 mm. long: in about 2.5 mm. lon dox E 3 mm. long;
blades spatulate: pod 6-8 cm. long. [D. virgatus Sud id | Hammocks
and cultivated grounds, Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—Al
8. LEPTOGLOTTIS DC. Perennial bid or Rn woody plants, with
spreading : or prostrate angled prickly stems. Leaves 2-pinnate, sensitive:
leaflets numerous, entire. Spikes globular, bright-pink or rose-purple alyx-
lobes minute. Petals united to the middle or above it. Filaments distinc Or
nearly so. Pod narrow, Mies subulate or linear, t bcd [Schrankia
Willd. Morongia Britto oe bout t 10 speeies, most of them in tropical an
temperate Ameriea.—Spr.-sum. pend PLANTS.
Blades of the leaflets prominently veined beneath.
Blades of e. b flets obtuse or acutish; pod elongate,
over 1 dm L. fioridana.
Blades of the eee cuspidate: pod short, less than 1
long. L. Nuttallii.
Blades of the leaflets not prominently veined beneath.
Po d pru long-beaked, not densely DEickly: prickles
e peduncles mostly p s wide at the base.
Blades or the leaflets 3. 5-7 mm : pod mostly 9-15
L. microphylla.
Blades lon the, leaflets 9. 5-8. 5 ae long: pod mostly
cm. long, about L. angustisiliqua.
Pod stout, short t-bo aked, den PE prickly: prickles of the
peduncles mostly much widened at the base. L. Chapmanii.
L. floridana (Chapm.) Small. Stem with the prickles wide at the base:
pk with the midrib ending at or below the apex: pod mostly 11-15 cm.
long, armed with broad-based oe long- ni
beaked: seed about 3 mm S. flori-
. M. uncinata G SE. U. S.) ]
—Pinelands, Fla.—Spr.—
2. L. Nuttalii DC. Stem with the prickles.
little, ie at all, dilated at the base: leaflets
with arib oe as a terminal
usp: perum tly 3-7 cm. long, armed wit
slende er priskles Bde ea: seed 3.5-4
g.—D woods and pinelands,
Coastal Plain and more northern provinces,
Ala. to Tex., S. Dak., Ill, and S. C.—Sum
fall.—This, the most widely distributed p
our species of Leptoglottis, has usually
passed Gades the specific name of uncinata.
MIMOSACEAE | ^ 657
3. L. microphylla (Dryand.) Britton. Stem with rather slender curved prick-
les: blades of the leaflets narrowly elliptie to var ee 3.5-7 mm. long:
upper peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves: pod mostly 9- oA E long,
much Pads than the peduncle: seed fully 4 m m. one "LS. angus .&
angustata Britton M. microphylla Britton] —Dry oe a a
du aie, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and Va.—Spr.—fal
4. L. angustisiliqua Britton & Rose. Stem with weak rather distant prickles:
. lon edu h
blades of the leaflets od oe 2.5-3.5 mm. long: peduncles shorter than
the leaves: pod 6- . long, nearly ‘or quite as ad as the peduncle: seed .
about 3 mm. long. — Pinelands, S pen. Fla.—All year
5. L. manii Small Stem and leaflets as in L. microphylla: ape
peduncles mostly longer than the leaves: pod mo ue 3.5-8 em. long, about a
long as the peduncle or somewhat longer: seed fully 3 mm. long. [S. gina
eee Chapm. |—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to to Tex. and N. C.—Spr
9. MIMOSA L. Shrubs or trees, or herbs, usually prickly. Leaves 2-
pinnate: leaflets few or numerous, often sensitive. Spikes globose or cylindric.
Calyx-lobes minute. Petals united to the middle or above it, or rarely distinct.
Filaments distinct or nearly so., Pods clustered, flat, jointed.—About 325 spe-
cies, mostly natives of warm and tropical regions.—Spr.-sum. or all year S.
Peduncles shorter than the leaves: stamens as ay as the d with pune:
like bristles in the margins, the faces glabro pudic
gee as long as the leaves or longer: aa mens twice as
as the corolla-lobes: pod bristly- pubescent all over. 2. M. strigillosa.
dica L. Plant usually partly woody, the branches with loosely spread-
hairs, pata Sani hirsute: leaves with 2 approximate pairs of pinnae
ing
or rarely with a single pai ; leaflets mostly
6-12 mm. long, pen is ' appressed stiff era. Lui, | í
hairs: spike rose-purple: calyx minute: See is
ae about 3 mm. long: pod mostly 1-2 Nea
mm RENAN
long, 3
ei between the joints: seed 2-2.
long.—Waste-places, cult. grounds, and road-
= sides, Coastal x" iur to Tex. Nat. o
trop. Am.— (WW. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A., O. W
2. M. strigillosa T. & G. Plant herbaceous,
the branches i appressed hairs: leaves
with 5-8 pairs'of pinnae; leaflets smaller
than those of M. pudica, with minute hairs
or glabrous: spike deep-pink: calyx nearly
: about 2 mm. 1
0.5 mm. long: corolla ut on j
pod mostly 2-3 cm. long, 5 as mm. wide, sometimes slightly sige dA, on the
central suture, about long.—Stream- banks, ha eks, pinelands, and
meadows, Coastal Plain pur rarely adj. provinees, Fla. to "Tex., wee and
Ga.— (4 fex.)
10. NEPTUNIA Lour. Perennial unarmed diffuse, prostrate, or floating
plants. Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets numerous, small. Spikes globose or ellipsoid,
yellow or came yellow. Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube. Petals distinct
or partly united. Filaments distinct or nearly so. Ovary short-stipitate. Pod
oblique, ara only slightly so—About 10 species, natives of America,
Asia, and Australia.
a deltoid : pod-body somewhat rhombic-elliptic, usually very iequilateral,
metimes curved, pubescent. 1. N. lutea.
42
658 CASSIACEAE
Calyx-lobes lanceolate: pod-body broadly linear to linear-elliptic,
only slightly inequilateral, straight. 2. N. floridana.
1. N. lutea (Leavenw.) Benth. Stem and branches short-villous: leaflets
numerous; blades broadly meum eiliate: spikes very dense, terminating pubes-
cent peduncles: od 3-5 em. long, the body
Moist soil, often on prairies, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex. and Kans.—Spr.-sum.
2. N. floridana Small Stem and branches
sparingly Paper or glabrous: leaflets
ery n blades narrowly linear to
ee unes ciliolate: ‘spikes s lax, termi-
nating glabrous ‘peduncles : pod 2.5-3.5 em.
long, the body r elatively narrow, short-
stipitate: seed elliptie c. — Pinelands, ham-
mocks, and sea-shores, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La.—(W. I. )—Spr —fall or all year S.
11. CAILLEIA Guil. & Perr. Shrubs with thorn-armed branches.
Leaves 2-pinnate: leaflets very numerous, small. pues cylindric, the lower
part of neutral flowers with long staminodia,
the upper with perfect flowers, the two kinds
Of flowers of different colors. Calyx-lobes
much shorter than the tu e. Petals united Ss
iddle
a so. Ovary short-s DENN Pod linear, SS
or Pus constricted between the seeds
and tw —-Abou Species, natives of
ane ree Asia and Australia.
1. C. glomerata Eta Macbride. Shrub
m. long, finely pubescent: spikes very dense, oa dade neutral "flowers with
slender pink or rose-pur p on erfect flowers with bright. yellow
stamens: ealyx ~ lm ; lobes broadly deltoid: vu d er
g; lobes la T to ovate-lanceolate: pod 5-7 cm. long, clus-
tered: seeds ellipsoid.—Pinelands, S Fla. Nat. of Afriea.—( W. I.) —AIU year.
FAMILY 17. CASSIACHAE—Senna FAMILY
Trees, shrubs, or herbs. Leaves alternate: blades compound, 1-2-
pinnate, rarely 1-foliolate. Flowers perfect, polygamous, monoecious, or
dioecious, more or less irregular. Calyx of 3-5, usually slightly united,
sepals, sometimes borne on the edge oi a well developed hypanthium
Corolla of 3-5 unequal distinct petals. Androecium of 6-10 distinct or
nearly distinct stamens. Gynoecium l-earpellary. Fruit a legume.— About
90 genera and 1000 species, mostly tropical.
Sepals, and petals, usually 5: stamens 5 or 10, sometimes partly represented by
staminodia
Corolla appa A papilionaceous: leaves with 1-
foliolate blades. „Tribe I. BAUHINIEAE.
CASSIACEAE
Corola more or less irregular: leaves with pin-
nately compound blades
Leaves with 1-pinnate SERES Tribe
Leaves with 2-pinnate blades Tribe
Sepals 4: petals 3, and usually üccompunted by 2 rudi-
ments: stamens = Tribe
I. BAU
Shrubs or mn trees with broad ie pu clusters of
bright flower
II. E
Corolla nearly regular, the 5 petals slightly unequal: calyx-
lobes obtuse: pod not elastically dehiscent.
Pod tetragonal or nearly terete.
uis ub: pod, indehiscent or opening irregularly: leaflets
or mo
HOD. pod dehiscent by both sutures: leaflets 6 or
fewe
Pod flat.
Mee of ~ pod coriaceous, not impressed between
t
ma of the pod chartaceous, impressed between the
see
Corolla quite irregular, one of the lateral petals (standard)
and the lowest petal large, ae other 3 D often da dd
reduced : ealyx-lobes acuminate: pod elastically dehiscent.
III. CAESALPINIEAE
Flowers dioecious or polygamous.
Flower with a very sed receptacle: stamens surpassing
the petals: pod lea
oid d a Jong reco adie; stamens shorter than the
y.
sepals : po wo
Flowers perfec
Pod long, po standard with a suborbicular or reni-
orm blade.
Leaf with a ve short petiole whieh ends in a spin
each division “with a long flat phyl lode. like rachis.
Leaf ti a decided petiole, the rachises not phyllode-
Calyx-lobes valvate.
Calyx-lobes imbricate, the lower one cucullate.
Petals long-clawed: stamens greatly elongate.
xb except the standard, P b or with very
ort claws: stamens sh
Pod short, *brickie-n ned: st a with a cuneate or
spatulate blade.
IV. TAMARINDEAE
Tree with numerous fine leaves, pale flowers, and thick pod
with sour pulp.
Shrubs or trees. Leaves 1-foliolate: leaflet broad. Cal
II.
CASSIEAE.
659
III. CAESALPINIEAE.
IV. TAMARINDEAE.
1.
2
4.
5.
CERCIS.
. ADIPERA.
3.
EMELISTA.
DITREMEXA.
PEIRANISIA.
6. CHAMAECRISTA,
7.
GLEDITSIA.
8. GXMNOCLADUS.
9. PARKINSONIA.
10.
11.
DELONIx.
POINCIANA.
12. CAESALPINIA.
13. GUILANDINA.
14. TAMARINDUS.
ERCIS L.
mos lobed: tube gibbous. Corolla pink-purple: keel-petals of the ae
papilionaceous corolla longer than the others.
Anthers short, opening lengthwise. Po
very flat.—About 7 species, natives of North
America, Europe, and Asia.
1. C. canadensis L. Small tree, with
own
ED-BUD. JUDAS-
E.)—Dry rich "m often in ealeareous
660 CASSIACEAE
regions, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Ohio, and Conn.—(Mez.)—
Spr.—Often grown as an ornamental tree.
. ADIPERA Raf. Shrubs. Leaflets few: blades of a lanceolate or
‘elliptic type. Flowers borne in terminal panicles. Petals 5, nearly equal.
Perfect stamens often 7, accompanied by
often 3 staminodia: larger anthers with
stout disk-like tips. Pod stoutish, thick, in-
dehiscent. Seeds transversely or obliquely
plaeed.—About 8 species, mostly natives of
tropical America.
1. A. corymbosa (Lam.) ces Rd
m. tall: leaflets mostly 6; A
late to p ar- ed or elliptic- -lanceo-
ate, 2-5 ong, glabrous: panicle
branches dine in corymbs: flowers bright-
yellow: inn obovate, about 1 em. long:
pod 7-15 e a ng, with convex de and
furrowed Mice t Cassia corymbosa Lam
]
— ( GOLDEN-SHOWER. )-— Woods, waste-plaees, and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Ga.
to La. and Tenn. Nat. of Argentina—Spr.—fall pei d on account of its
yis) a rs of E EN flowers.—A second spec A. bicapsularis
(L.) Britton & Rose, with obovate or cuneate leaflet blades. ave been collected
in S Ph. Pt i is widely bearer in the tropic
3. EMELISTA Raf. Herbs. Leaflets few: blades of an obovate type.
Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils or aggregated in a terminal cluster.
1 al.
tals 5, nearly equal in size, but unequa
E. Z P
slender, tetragonal or nearly terete, de-
hiscent along both sutures. Seed longitudi-
nally placed.—About 7 species, mostly na-
tives of tropical America.
1. E. Tora E Britton & Rose. Plant
nual, 4-15 dm. tall nearly glabrous: leaf-
lets 4-6; odd obovate or cuneate-o obovate,
Min slightly euspidate, hos terminal v rns
the largest, 3-5 long: pet
2 elongate, between Hic lower pairs P laiis:
setaceous: flowers yellow: sepals 7-9 mm. long, the larger ones PoS petals
13-15 mm.
long, very diverse in shape: pod faleate, more less tetragonal,
3—4 mm. wide. ia Tora L.]—(CorFrFEE-WEED -POD.) — Pin 2d
waste pod fields, and i ag various po Fla. to Tex., Kan
and Va. Nat. of trop. Am.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., A.)—Su um.-fall, or all
year
4. DITREMEXA Raf. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaflets several: blades
mostly of an ovate, elliptie, or laneeolate type owers in axillary clusters
or the upper clusters borne in an erect ect panicle, yellow. Petals
CASSIACEAE 661
mostly equal in size, but unequal in shape. Perfect stamens usually 7, accom-
panied by 3 staminodia: larger anthers unappendaged. Pod mostly flat, de-
hiscent along both sutures. Seeds transversely placed or oblique.—More than
100 species, natives of tropical and temperate regions.—NIGGER-COFFEES.
COFFEE-WEEDS.—The seeds of some species are used as a coffee-substitute.
Blades of the leaflets of a lanceolate, ovate type, acute or acuminate,
Leaflets with broad blades: gland near the base of the petiole pl aN pod
thick-margined. . D. occidentalis.
Leaflets with narrow blades : gland near the base of the
petiole elongate. 2. D. ligustrina.
Blades of the leaflets of an elliptic type, exceptionally elliptic-
lanceolate, prominently mucronate.
ue long- hai iry: pod-valves with divisions fully as long
wide. 3. D. marylandica.
Ona short-hairy : pod-valves with divisions much shorter
than wide. 4, D. Medsgeri.
1. D. occidentalis (L.) Britton & Rose. Plant annual, 5-15 dm. tall, nearly
glabrous: leaflets 8-12; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acuminate,
6-5 em > long; : stipules broadly lanceolate:
pet 15 “19 mm
. Nice FFEE. STYP-
TIC-WEED.)—Pinelands, cult. grounds, and
Kans. and Va. Nat. of trop.— —(W. Te, Mez.,
C. A., S. A., 0. W.)— oum. or all year S.
D. ligustrina (L.) Britton & bd se.
re partly woody, 6—20 dm. tall, nearly
iod ins ts 12-16; blades neo
often narrowly so or inear-lanceo ate, =
em. MS stipules linear-lanceolate: sepal
9-12 mm. long, the larger ones obovate: petals 13-16 mm. long: pod curved,
flat, prominently margined, 7— - mm. wide. [Cassia ligustrina L.]—Hammocks,
pen. —(W. I,)—All yea |
D. marylandica (L.) Britton & Rose. Plant perennial, 8-20 dm. tall,
sparingly abso leaflets 12-20; blades i s e gee d muero-
nate, 4—5 long: petiolar glan nd obconi tipitate, near the base of the
rachis: cone 6-8 mm. long: petals 10-12 m jor ps. = ee pod
curved, somewhat aie 10-12 em. long: seed flat, nearly as wide as long.
assia na ndica L.]—(WiILP-SENNA.)—Moist stream- banks and alluvial
soil, various provinces, N. C. to Tenn., Ind., and Mass.—Sut
4. D. Medsgeri (Shafer) viae s Rose. Plant perennial, similar to 2.
marylandica in habit: leaflets ; blades elliptie to elliptic-lanceolate, 3-6
em. lo mueronate: petiolar Ene subglobose, near the base of the rachis:
stipules incdus sepals 5-8 mm. long: ‘petals 9—11' mm. long, obovate
to broadly spatulate: pod faleate, glabrous, 6-10 cm. long, 8-11 mm. wide.
assia Medsgeri Shafer.|—-(WILD-SENNA.)—-Woods, and pda various
provinees, Fla. to Tex., Kans., la., an a.—Sum.-fall—Ditremexa Nashii
Britton & Rose, closely related to D. Me edsgeri, but with the meu more ee
approaching a "lanceolate type, occurs in central pen. Fla
5. PEIRANISIA Raf. Shrubs or trees. Leaflets| several or many:
blades broadest above the middle or below it. Flowers in axillary clusters or
662 CASSIACEAE
in terminal cluster-like panicles, yellow. Petals 5, unequal in size and in
shape. Stamens usually 7, with 2 or 3 of the lower ones beaked, accompanied
with usually 3 staminodia: larger anthers with a snout-like appendage: pod
elongate, flat, dehiscent along both thickened sutures. Seed transversely
placed.—A bout aR species, natives of tropical America.
1. P. bahamensis (Mill) Britton & Rose. Shrub 2 m. tall or less: leaflets 6-10;
"m duc LA ovate or elliptie- -o to ERON mucronate, 1.5—4 em.
pet gland depressed, betw
love pair p leaflets or near it: _stipules
vate to lanceolate: sepals 7— =. long:
peii 10-15 mm. long, metimes NS
smaller: pod flat, with lateral d |
between the seeds, 9-11 cm. long, mm
wide. ‘[Cassia bahamensis Mill.] — — Pine-
eys.—(W. I. sd ear. A rub or
small tree, Psilorhegma suffruti TT ue
Britton (Cassia er eee Konig) f
Asia and Australia, with numerous et
and clusters of p Tn flowers, related
to Ditremexa and Peiranisia, but with ten
perfect FN is naturalized in ind pb t
nian hammock, Mia Fla. A very
showy shrub, Chamaesenns didymobotrya (Cassia di idymobotrya Forsk.),
native à Africa, with racemes of large yellow TON glandular leaves, a
thin flat re oceurs in vacant lots in Miami, Fla.
Cassia biflora was first recorded from Florida by Chapman in on an
imperfect specimen of Peiranisia bahamensis collected on Key Wes
6. CHAMAECRISTA Moench. Herbs or shrubs. Leaflets few or numer-
ous, with 1, 2, or 3 glands near the lower pair. Flowers clustered in leaf-
axils. Sepals nearly distinct, membranous. Petals mainly yellow or whitish,
sometimes marked at the base. Pod flattish, linear, promptly dehiscent, the
valves elastie.—About 100 species, widely distributed in tropical and temperate
regions.—SENSITIVE-PEAS. SENSITIVE-PLANT. DWARF-SENNAS. HONEY-CUPS.
BEE-BLOSSOMS. PARTRIDGE-PEAS.
Corolla ni de. more than 1 cm. wide, one petal slightly larger than the other
four: stamens 10: pedicel 7 mm. long or more,
Plant perennial.
Leaflets 8-14, pubescent: ee gland small: pod 4.5 e long or less, pubes-
cent with incurved hai . C. kegensis
ned 24—40, glabrous: aN gland large (1-2
wide od 6.5 cm. long or more, sparsely
appressed ET nt. 2. C. Deeringiana.
Plant annu
Petiolar gland depressed, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide: leaflets
mostly more than 24. 3. C. brachiata.
Petiolar gland not depressed, 1.5 mm. wide or less:
leaflets Ecl fewer than
Stems and pedicels with incurved hairs: pod
QUUM quU ACE with short hairs. 4. C. fasciculata.
ute.
Leaflets te 56. large, 15- 20 mm. long: co-
rolla mos stly 3-4 cm. wide. 5. C.robusta.
Do
CASSIACEAE 663
Leaflets 12-20, small, e mm. long: co- l
rolla about 2.5 cm. wide. 6. C. depressa.
Leaflets pubescent with incurved or spreading
airs
Eo and pedicel pubescent with incurved
7. C. mississippiensis.
P and pedicel pubescent with spreading
hair 8. C. littoralis.
Corolla E less than 1 cm. wide: one petal much
Harper s the other four: stamens 59: pedicel 1
long or more.
Petiolar cmd a with a discoid head much wider than
the stalk-like base: corolla with the odd petal
twice as long as the others: pod pubescent with
r
Leaflets glabrous: sepals puberulent: pod finely ap-
pressed-pubescent. 9. C. procumbens.
Leaflets pubescent: sepals hirsute: pod h
Petiolar gland with the head iie wider Em the 10. C. Mohr.
stalk : corolla - nd the n pou less than twice as
long as the others: po
C. keyensis Poe a short and usually conto m stems S ry
or several t together, 1-8 dm. tall, closely gray-hirsute: leaves gray-pubescent,
the larger ones 2.5—8.5 em. long: petiolar
gl .5 mm. wide:
leaflets 4—9 pairs, 4-9 mm. long; blades
oval, elliptie, linear, or obovate: sepals 8—9
m. long, or rarely larger, hirsute: petals
deep-yellow, 9-10 mm. long: anthers reddish-
ple
land, Big Pine Key, Fla.— All yea
2. C. Deeringiana Small & Pennell. Root-
stock horizontal: stems solitary or few to-
her, 3-9 dm. t
epr scoid,
ee s wide: leaflets 12-20 pairs, 8-18 mm. long; blades linear or nearly
rl
or mucronate: sepals 10-12 mm , glabrous or | ei SO: Sia
bright. yellow, 14-21 mm. long: anthers a or reddish, 8 m ong o
od 5 wide, green: seed about 4 mm. lon ng.—Ro cky Kee Everelade
-sum.
po
Keys, "Fla. "and lower Florida Keys.—Spr.
3. C. brachiata Pollard. Stem 8—24 dm ^er puc widely apenas: stipules
eciliate: petiolar gland single or sometimes discoid or saucer-shaped,
1.5-2.5 mm. wide: leaflets 10—25 pairs, oe mm. i. NM linear SA linear-
lanceolate, acute-mucronate: pedicels glabrous or nearly so: sepals 10-12 mm.
long, reddish " Far pod 6-10 em. long—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
and Ala.—All —A decoction made with cold water is used by the Semi-
spe in cases of a een
C. fasciculata (Michx.) Greene. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, often much- ee
bout 1 e
stipules eiliate: petiolar gland single, saucer-shaped, mostly ab wid
hin-edg —12 rs or rarel , 9-20 m ng; "e linear-
elliptic to linear, obtuse to acute, mucronate: pedicels pubescent with ineurv
hairs: sepa ng, pubescent on the midrib: petals 10-17 mm re
anthers 8— g, yellow rare eddish: pe 4—5 lo
appressed-pubescent Ew Chamaecrista (Chapm. Fl.) Chamaecrista "betiula
Pollard. ]— (Par RTRIDGE-PE SLEEPING-PLANT.)—Hillsides, open woods, and
fields, various provinces, Fla. to C Tex., Kans., Minn., an as diced —fall.
. C.robusta Pollard. Stem erect, 6-16 dm. tall, somewhat branched, hirsute:
stipules 10-14 mm. long: petiolar gland saucer- -shaped, 1-1.5 mm. wide, thick-
664 CASSIACEAE
edged: leaflets 9-18 pairs, 15-20 mm. long; gina linear- pd to Pied Or
linear-lanceolate: po 2 sepals ane long, ute on the mid-
oa petals 15- . lon hers 7-1 . lon a often re eddish: xi 5—7
m. long, hirsute — Bottom men and alluvial b banks, various poney N Fla.
O The |
tS La. , Mo., and S Ohio.—Sum.— flowers are sometimes w
6. C. depressa m eee a and branches diffusely spreading, 1-3
= tall, hirsute: stipules 7-9 m ong: pe - olar ae saucer-shaped, 1-1.5
wide, of un Boi. lea dier pairs, 8-12 mm. long; blades linear-
elliptic to "broadly linear: bris n id also wit th some ue incurved
hairs: sepals 9-13 mm. long, hirsute on the midrib: petals 13- ong:
cm. long, hirsute. h Baci ode (Fl. SE. U. S. ) J= Pinelands
and Apalachicola River hills, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala. —Sum
7. C. mississippiensis Pollard. Stem erect, 2-6 dm. tall, often diffusely
branched, pubescent with fine incurved hans. stipules ciliate: petiolar gland
single, br epos saucer-shaped, less than 1 mm. wide: leaflets 6-15 pairs, 5—12
mm. ; blades elliptie to is -elliptie or broadly linear, acutish to acute-
Ru: pedicels with incurved hairs: sepals 5-10 mm. long, DE
pubescent: petals 8-15 mm. long: anthers 7-9 mm. long, yellow: pod 3-5
AE be Ye essed- 0 al [C. Tracyt Pollard.]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain,
Ala. —Sum
8. ©. littoralis Pollard. Stem erect, 4-8 dm. tall, more loosely pubescent than
in the next preceding Pa stipules sparingly ciliate: Edad gland saucer-
shaped, mostly 0.5—1 wide: leaflets 8—18 pai mm. long; blades
linear-elliptie to broadly Tine ear: a ina. ed bios E mm. long: pet ar
12-15 mm. long: anthers yellow: pod 2.5—4 cm. lo ong, hirente —Sand-dunes and
pinelands, Coamal Plain, W Fla. to E Tex. Sum
9. C. procumbens (L.)' Greene. Stem erect, 1—4 dm. tall, branéhed, minutely
pubescent with incurved hairs: stipules finely ud 5-8 mm ong, ciliate:
petiolar. gland single, — disk narrowed into the obeonie ba ase: leaflets 9-18
more, m. long; blades oe slenderly mucronate, ciliate:
sepals 3—4 mm. long, mately puberulent on the midr ib: petals 3-8 mm. long:
Do 2 yes n ng: pod 2. em. one appressed-pubescent. [Cassia nicti-
tans L.]—(W SENSITIVE-PLANT.)— Sandy roadsides, fields, slopes, and open
o P pcd rarely EN Plain, Fla. o Tex , Kans., and S Vt.—
Sum.—fall amaecrista multipinnata Pollard c. multipinnata Nas hii Pol-
lard], , with often narrower and more numerous leaflets (15-26 pairs), ranging
f
rom Fla. to Miss. and S. C., may be specifically distinct from ‘C. procumbens. -
10. C. Mohrii (Pollard) pus Stem 3-6 dm. tall, widely branched, ae
coarsely pubescent with incurved hairs: stipules strongly ribbed, -10
one: ciliate: petiolar gland a en ar gael contracted into a lead:
mnar base: leaflets 16-23 pair ong; blades br db. linear,
a mucronate: sepals 6-7 mm io a especially on the midrib:
petals 3-7 mm. long: pod 3—4.5 em ns t —Sandy fields and pine woods,
Coastal Plain, Ga. to La. and Ark.—Sum.—fal
11. C. aspera (Muhl.) Greene. Stem erect, 3-7 dm. tall, und nid
hirsute, (diffuse or uus Án with nc and smaller leaflets in C.
Simpso onii) : stipules 8-11 m ong: petiolar gland single, stalked, the pin
scarcely wider than the stalk. T ts 15-27 pairs, 8-15 mm. long; blades
ly mucronate, eciliate: pedicels se ds pubescent: pate 3-5 mm
bd uui on the midrib: petals 3-7 mm. long: anthers 2 mm. long, yellow
1.5-2.5 em. long, hirsute. [Cassia eae aspera Chapm. |— cae ee
pinelands, and sand-dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. om re 1
E
CASSIACEAE 665
Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene, with radially B branches and
leaves with cordate stipules, glandless petioles and one pair of obovate leaflets,
has been found along the railroad south of Orlando, Fla. Nat f W. 1
7. GLEDITSIA L. Trees with simple or e thorns. Leaves rela-
tively small, 2-pinnate: stipules present. Racemes narrow, closely- idis
Flowers green or greenish-white. Calyx- -lobes aes about as long as
petals. Pod flat—About 6 species, natives of eastern North America be
Asia.—Spr.
Ovary glabrous: pod oval or elliptic, 1- seeded, or rarely 2- Seeded. 1. G. aquatica.
Ovary pubescent: pod linear or elliptic- -linear, many-seeded. 2. G. triacanthos.
. G. aquatica Marsh. Tree becoming 20 m. tall: leaflets 2—4. 5 em. lon
blades oblong to ovate or sie e aer: sepals laneeolate to olliptic.
0 ique
thin. — (WATER-LOCUST.) — River
swamps and low hammocks, Coastal o
and rarely adjoining provinces, Fla. to
Mo., and 8. C.
2. G. triacanthos L. Tree becoming 40 m
lustrous, pulpy within.—(HONEY-LOCUST.
rmed
in G. anthos inermis). The wood, hard and ridens is used where
mda is “required. The tree is widely cultivated.
8. GYMNOCLADUS Lam. Unarmed trees. Leaves very large, 2-pin-
nate: stipules wanting. Panicle loosely HONOR Calyx- lobes. acuminate,
nea aa than the petals. P
urgid.—One speci
1. G. dioica (L.) Koch. Tree becoming
30 m. tall, the bark has bir with
ong
5-9 pinnae; leaflets 2-7 em blades
ovate or oval, acuminate ds 3
long: flowers greenish-white: sepals linear-
ppc 5—6.5 mm. long, glandular-mar-
in nore Do r pe , 1-2 dm.
Iu seed n em. broa d,— (Kentucky
n cM EU EAN.)—Rich woods,
various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn.
to Okla., Nebr., Minn., o and Pa Spr
—The tree is widely ¢ cult. eae ental.
The wood is sometimes dee in cabinet- E The seeds were pen used
as a coffee-substitute.
9. PARKINSONIA [Plum.] L. Shrubs or trees, with simple or branch-
ing thorns. Leaflets numerous, borne on the phyllode-like rachis. Blades of
666 CASSIACEAE
the short-clawed petals mainly of an ovate
type. Pod mar dnd torulose, the swollen
portions nearly terete.— Three species, na-
tives of tropieal ie poe America
and Africa.
1. P. aculeata L. Shrub or small tree:
leaves 2-4 dm. long, the rachis winged;
leaflets numerous, bur Ed blades linear
to linear-oblanceolate, 1— 10 m m. long: dn.
elliptic, 8-10 m m g: pet als 10-17 m
long, bright-yellow; blades except mu of
standard, oval or ovate: pod 5-10 s
e guste lag HORSEBEAN. CROWN
THORNS. JERUSALEM-THORN N.) Roadsides, pum and stream-banks, m
ous provinees, Fla. to s de Calif. Nat. of trop. Am. and a ult.— —(W. I
Mez., C. A., —Spr.- —EÉExtensively grown as an ornamental and as a
hedge- -plant. Nov ow quin od far beyond its MAR poscis limits.
10. DELONIX Raf. Unarmed shrubs or spreading trees. Leaflets rela-
tively small and numerous: blades narrow. Sepals much shorter than the
petals. Blades of the petals mainly flabel-
late, all long-clawed. Pod elongate-linear,
flat, the valves woody.—Three species, na-
tives of Africa
l. D. regia (Boj.) Raf. Shr ub or tree
the Keys. Nat. o ada pe and cult.—(W. I.)—Spr.-sum.—The m
gorgeous of our trees when i oom. The massive clusters of large crimson
or orange-eolored flowers are COND CONS before the leaves unfold.
11. POINCIANA [Tourn.] L. Erect mostly unarmed shrubs or trees.
Leaflets usually few and cd uod m de broad. Sepals much
shorter than the petals. a
petals, except the standard, absllate. bs
flat, narrow, the valves thick-coriaceous.
Seed flattened.— About 6 species, of tropical
and subtropical regions.
pulcherrima L. Shrub or small tree:
de P.
leaflets numerous; blades elliptic z ee
15-25 mm. long: sepals
ng: filaments 40-45. ong: pod
9—13 Ei long.—(BARBADOS-FLOWER, D -
POIN A LOWER-FENCE.) — Hammocks
and iud S pen. Fla. and the Keys.
CASSIACEAE 667
Nat. of I.—All year.—Extensively grown as an ornamental for its con-
tinuous flowering habit. 'The pods are elastieally dehiscent.
19. CAESALPINIA L. Erect unarmed or slightly armed shrubs or trees.
Leaflets usually few and relatively large: blades broad. Sepals slightly
shorter than the petals. Blades of the petals
coriaceous. Seed flattened.—A bout spe-
cies of tropical and subtropical regions.
1. C. e (Griseb.) C. Wright. Shrub
2 m. tall or less: leaflets glabrous, mostly
6-12 on EUN pinna; blades elliptie to ob-
o ; 2 . lo als 8—10
long: filaments 8-11 mm. long: pod
elliptie, 2-3.5 an lon ee lower
Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—Sum
Ticanto Nuga (L.) Medic. A tough woody vine with greatly eo stems
and a bipinnate leaves with coriaceous leaflets, racemes or pan icles of
bright -yellow flowers, and flat, oblique, indehiscent ods, is a native “of the
East Indies, "eulivated and locally naturalized in S F
13. GUILANDINA L. Reclining or spreading prickly shrubs. Leaflets
relatively few or numerous and large: blades broad. Sepals as long as the
petals or nearly so. Blades of the narrow petals mainly spatulate. Pod nearly
as wide as long, turgid. Seed turgid—About 12 species, mostly West Indian.
—Nickers. HOLD-BACKS. WAIT-A-BIT VINES.— The pods are rather tardily de-
hiscent.
Leaves with foliaceous stipules: seed gray or lead- colored. 1. G. Crista.
Leaves without stipules: seed yellow.
Leaflet-blades neither rounded nor retuse: corolla 2.5 cm. wide
or : 2. G. Bonduc.
Leafiet-blades rounded or retuse: corolla 1.5 cm. wide or less. 3. G. ovalifolia.
1. G. Crista (L.) Small. Straggling or spreading shrub: leaflets numerous;
b ndn n elliptie- -ovate, or nearly elliptic, 1.5-3.5 em. long, mucronate:
racem r panicles 1-4 dm. sepal
9-11 m ong, pues rd „petals dull-
yellow, the narrower ones 10—1 long,
truncate and 3-toothed “the uds nes oval
Or di iar id 5-7 em. long.—(GRAY-
KER.)—Low hammocks, and coastal sand-
dunes, S pen "Fla, and the K sd:
—The seeds are sometimes nuin green,
2. G. Bonduc L. Plant similar to G. Cri ag
YELLOW- d uA — Coastal sand-dunes and
shore-hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the Ke eys.
—(W. I.)
3. G. ovalifolia (Urban) Britton. Straggling shrub with curved or hooked
prickles; leaflets numerous, the blades oval or suborbicular, varying to ovate or
668 KRAMERIACEAE
obovate, mostly 1-2 em. long, rounded or retuse and mucronate at the apex
jas , 15-2 dm. long: bracts spr eading : corolla light-yellow, less than 1. 5
m. wide: pod obo wate, 6-8 cm. long, prickly all over: seed yellow or yellow-
i ich eee S Fla.— (W. I.)
14. TAMARINDUS [Tourn.] L. Unarmed trees. Leaves relatively small:
eaflets numerous. Sepals 4. Petals 3, often with 2 additional rudiments.
3, e
mi
ia. Ovary elongate. Pod indehiscent, suc-
eulent within.—One species.
1, T. indica L. Tree with spreading
branches: leaflets 18-36, 12 em. long, the
blades elliptie to linear- “elliptic, becoming
reticulate:. sepals 10— ong: petals
yellowish or reddish, $16 long,
erisped: pod thick, 6—13 em. long, more or
less curved, the edges rounded MA-
— Hammocks an lt. grounds, Ever-
glade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys :
d eult.—( 4 Mes., C. A., 8. A.) —Spr.-sum — The green fruit
is used to make an acid drink and the ripe fruit may be eate
Famity 18. KRAMERIACEAE — Ruatany FAMILY
Shrubs or perennial gs Leaves alternate: blades pon or rarely
3-foliolate. owe rregular. Calyx of 4 or 5 unequa sepals.
Corolla of 2 seale-like Rud. 3- dared partially united petals. eee cium of
3 or 4 stamens with partially united filaments, the anther-sacs opening by
terminal pores. Gynoecium 1-carpellary, the ovary pubescent and echi-
nate. Fruit indehiscent, spine-armed.—Comprises the following genus.
1. KRAMERIA Loefl. Herbs with prostrate stems, or spinescent shrubs.
Calyx with petaloid inner sepals. Fruit w hu ——About 20 species, American.
The flowers, mainly r r yellowish, hav
superficial a i some orchids, end
are frequently fragrant.
orb and sto rown es, the body
globula E. secundiflora (Fl. SE. U. S.)]
—(SANDBUR.)—San p nds and sand
i T Coastal Plain, Fla. a The
G eolor >
e foliage of the prostrate branches rA |n the plants scarcely dis-
ed shable from the: sand in which the Th nts, however are
readily seen when in flower on account of the decided purple of the petals.
FABACEAE 669
Faminty 19. FABACEAE — Pra FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades 1-compound,
sometimes 1- -foliolate, o or bebe! simple. Flowers mostly perfect, irregular.
Calyx o or ual partially united sepals. Corolla of 5 (or
of i etal in 1 Amorpha) mE distinet or nearly distinet petals compris-
ing 2 keel-petals, 2 wings and 1 standard whieh surrounds the others.
Androecium ps 10 monadelphous, diadelphous, or rarely distinet stamens,
or rarely . Gynoecium l-earpellary. Ovary superior. Fruit a
dehi us or CE legume or a loment.—A bout 325 genera and 5,000
species, most abundant in warm and temperate regions.
Stamens 10; filaments distinct.
Leaflets pinna ate. Tribe I. SOPHOREAE.
Leaflets ee : Meri or simple. Tribe II. PODALYRIEAE.
n Kd 10 um few filaments monadelphous or dia-
elph
Leuf-rachis terminated by a leaflet, at least not pro-
ed into a tendril or spin
Fruit 2-valved or indehiscent, “put not a loment.
pou ES S or pubescent, but not glandu-
ar-
Ans of 2 kinds: filame nts monadel- .
phous: leaflets digitate: calyx 2-lipped. Tribe III. GENISTEAE.
Anthers al alike: Pamani usually diadel-
hous (the upper filament is some-
securely 2. -lipped, except in Bonaveria.
Blades m the leaflets toothed (in our l
Speci Tribe IV. 'TRIFOLIEAE.
x of the leaflets entir
Fil nts, at least 5 (alternately)
dilated a ove: aus Solitary o
in umbel: like oe Tribe V. LOTEAE.
dns all filifor
D or Soon if woody
the keel of the co-
Ma neither coiled nor
much = in
r pocket in the base
connective produced
into a small a Haee Tribe VII. INDIGOFEREAE.
Wing-petals without
spu
pocket "
he e of the
blade anther-con-
Ie not
uced
Leaf blades pinnately i
several-foliolate. Tribe VIII. GALEGEAE.
Leaf-bla e 3- foliolate
and ually with
stipules ee capt in -
Galactia Elliottii), Tribe X: PHASEOLEAE. Le
Pod indehiscen t. Tribe IX. DALBERGIEAE.
NE vin keel of the
olla much curved or coiled. Tribe X. PHASEOLEAE.
Foliage glandular-dotted or warty. Tribe VI. PSORALEAE.
Fruit a loment, breaking up transversely into
i-seeded sectio ns. Tribe XI. HEDYSAREAE,
Leaf-rachis terminated by a tendril or by a spine or
a bristle. Tribe XII. VICIEAE.
I. SOPHOREAE
Inflorescence racemose: pod moniliform. 1. SOPHORA.
Inflorescence paniculate: pod flattened. 2. CLADRASTIS,
Pes PODALYRIEAE
Ovary sessile or nearly so: pod 3. THERMOPSIS,
Ovary manifestly stalked : pod nana or turgid. 4. BAPTISIA
670 FABACEAE
II. GENISTEAE
Herbs: calyx-lips, at least the lower one, with long lobes.
Stipules at least the upper vos decurrent: pod inflated.
Stibules not decurrent : pods
Shrubs: calyx-lips with very small lobes.
IV. TRIFOLIEAE
Pod curved or coiled.
Standard with a broad n uus coiled.
Standard with a narrow blade: pod curved.
Pod straight.
Pod centrally beaked ; valves leathery.
Pod obliquely beaked ; valves membranous.
V. LOTEAE
Calyx Saeed irregular but not 2-lipped: pod not beaked, de-
m 5: stipules foliaceous : flowers in umbel-like clüs-
Leaflets 1-3: stipules gland-like: flowers solitary.
Calyx 2-lipped: pod long-beaked, indehiscent.
VI. Psor
po dis. from the staminal-tube: au. bone on the
of the hypanthium
Sh Mm ovary 2-6-ov uled : pod 1- or 2-seeded: corolla
with the standard HL
Heu Lu 1-ovuled : pod 1-seeded : corolla with stand-
wings, oe kee
Pod indehiscen
Lea 2 5153 foliolate, UR 2 finely warty: seed
Me adnaté to the peric
p of the leaflets COMINUS toothed : pod wit
short persistent beak, the body prominently
Blades of the leaflets entire: pod with a long
s E beak, the body not bul
Leaves “digitately ‘compound, if Dey 3- pod with
foliolate in O. virgatum, t d
em large Aaa projections : pe iu t ad-
B. to b us:
Leaves pinnately 3- foliolate.
Leaves Bigitately compoun
Pod circumscissile or irregularly bursting, sharply
beake
Petals, DADA the standard, adnate to or borne on the stami-
Stamens 10 or 9: wings and keel-petals borne near the
middle of the staminal tube.
Stamens b: wings and keel-petals borne near the top of
the Scania tu
Spike not subtended by an involucre: calyx-lobes nar-
row or broad but shorter than the tube: standard
lade much wider than the other petals.
Spike subtended by an involucre: calyx- lobes bristle-
like, much longer than the tube: DOS
slightly wider than the other petals, long-cl
VII
REAE
Firm-tissued or partly woody herbs with pink or salmon-pink
corollas and stout or slender often curved pods.
VIII. GALEGEAE
Shrubs or trees, or woody vin
Vines with high climbing oiy stems : pod turgid.
Shr oe ay am b?
Herbs. PPM Re
Leaf-blades eq Suus vina ac
Pods cus d d re or less compressed, but very thick
| Pod. qo rA M seeded, with thick margins, seeds
not in a bladdery envelope
Standard broad and longer nan the keel petals:
yx with acute or acuminate lobes
D.
6. LUPINUS.
CROTALARIA.
7. CYTISUS.
13.
14.
EA
EA
21.
23.
25.
26.
5.
6.
. MEDIC
; ACE ELLA.
. MELILOTUS.
. TRIFOLIUM.
ACMISPON,
BONAVERIA.
AMORPHA.
CULLEN.
ASPHALTHUM
. ORBEXILUM
: Reece.
20.
PEDIOMELIUM.
PAROSELA.
. PETALOSTEMON.
KUHNISTERA.
. INDIGOFERA.
KRAUNHIA.
ROBINIA.
. SESBAN.
FABACEAE
Standard narrow and shorter than the keel pet-
als: calyx with broad, low lobes
Pod 2-seeded, the margins thin : seeds remaining in
the bladdery inner part of the pod when the
Pods 4-sided and aln e
Leaf-blades unequally pinnate
af-blades with parallel ‘veins running from midrib
to margin.
Pod
Pod 1- celled, pem partition, if any, r
Bot utures inflexed, each v
AA circular in cross-section.
Upper suture prominent the pod obcordate in
cross-sectio
with a false partition arising from the
dorsal suture.
Pod without a false partition.
IX. DALBERGIEAE.
ac e 1-foliolate: pod -flat.
Pod suborbicular: calyx not 2-lipped:
bicular-reniform
b m Pod elliptic: calyx 2-lipped: standard-blade ellip-
ov.
Leat blades ph pinnately several-foliolate: pod broadly 4-winged
ru
standard-blade or-
Pod winged. Jongi
Pod drupacroun Subglobose.
PHAS AE
Keel of the corolla neither coiled nor deines "incu ved.
Style Lr or sparingly pubescent below or near the
Standard not PUTTER at the base.
Corolla yellow
Pod 1- or 2.s
Flowers solitary or occasionally 2 or 3 to-
gether, sessile or Short- iei as pepe ms
Calyx Bor 2- lipped ; lobes nearly equal,
Be 2 upper scarcely more united than
e 3 lower: pod scimitar-shape
Calyx 2- lipped. the lobes d bue upper lip
artly united : pod elliptic or rhom-
bic, often inequllatera
much eeding the calyx
er mostly exceeded by the c
blade of the une dcus BOHcIed
ides: calyx accrescent.
Corlia blue, aera
Pod ion "torulose corolla scarlet.
Cal rcely 2-lipped: ES T oeral and
keel-petals
much longer than
V Pod m cu oe torulose: corolla blue, pur-
Standard much shorter than the
even or und wrinkled : peed with
ilu herbaceous vines.
Pod transversely ride : E with a
band-like hilum: woody v
aana nearly or quite as i595 pr Y keel.
Calyx subtended by 2 bractlets.
28.
32
Q3
36.
4i.
A
43.
44.
. CAJAN
48.
. MUCUNA.
4.
2.
AGATI.
GLOTTIDIUM.
DAUBENTONIA.
. CRACCA.
. GEOPRUMNON.
33.
ASTRAGALUS.
HOLCOPHACOS.
TIUM.
PHACA.
. ECASTOPHYLLUM.
. AMERIMNON.
; ee
ANDI
PITCHERIA.
DOLICHOLUS.
LEUCOPTERUM.
RHYNCHOSIA.
. ERYTHRINA.
47.
MICROPTERYX.
STIZOLOBIUM.
| 672 FABACEAE
Standard and the filament opposite,
partly adnate.
pn n the ene opposite,
free from each other
Calyx without bractiets
Calyx-tube campanulate ; lobes longer
than the tube: wings and keel-
p with blades longer than the
Calys-tube cylindric ; ; lobes shorter
the tube: wings and keel-
petals with ‘blades shorter than the
Standard spurred at the
Style. p along the uppe side.
bs several foliolate : Dod: -valves flat, ribles
Tear E n D ate: pod-valves convex or "with 2 promi-
Keel of ie cao coiled or curved.
Keel spirally twisted.
Leaflets not stipellate, 5 or more.
oo stipellate, 3.
Keel incurved.
Wnoteacends capitate.
Pods flattened.
Pods nearl e.
Inflorescence racemose or paniculate.
pe somewhat reniform: blades of the
eel-petals sickle-shaped: pod flat, with beaded
es.
Standard-blade suborbicular: blades of the keel-
petals curved: pod turgid, with smooth edges
XI. HEDYSAREAE
Corolla yellow
s "lowers perfect.
Leaf-blades unequally compound : stamens diadelphous
por spathe like, the 2 long lobes minutely toothed
the X: standard- blade longer than wide,
oie gl: the base: wings and keel-petals ses-
Pac or short-clawed, minutely auricled at the
ase.
Calyx not spathelike, the short lips prominently
lobed: standard- e as wide as long or wider,
oo ate at the base: keel- and wing-petals slen-
-clawed, moment. auricle:
peter equally compound : stamens oe
aves pinnate: calyx- -tube greatly Eat
Leaves digitate: calyx-tube not elongate
Howe monoecious, a at least some of them sterile, others
ANE 2 2 kinds.
Anther e
Corolla white, "ie e iolet or
eaflets stipellate : a j^ Several joints.
Loment-joints oe Reed thin
owers in r or panicles
Flowers in ‘solitar ry 2—4 together in axillary
clusters on opposite HO Jeaves.
Loment-joints subterete or s and nc n
Leaflets not stipellate: loments of 1-2 joi
XII, Vic
Herbs, diffuse or climbing by the tendrils that — the
Dr achis: seeds dull-colored, not persi
Sue with a tuft of hairs at the a
M flattened, Ateius along the inner side.
Partly woody vine with twining branches: leaf- rachis ter-
minating in a spine: seed ee except the black base,
Somewhat persistent on the po
50. DIOCLEA.
51. GALACTEA. v
Dia. PUERARIA.
52. FALCATA.
53. BRADBURYA.
54. CLITORIA.
55. MARTIUSIA.
5 LYCINE.
57. PHASEOLUS.
58. STROPHOSTYLES.
VIGNA.
0. DOLICHOS.
61. CANAVALI.
62. AESCHYXNOMENE.
3. SECULA.
64. ARACHIS.
65. ZORNIA.
66. STYLOSANTHES. V
67. CHAPMANIA
68. MEIBOMIA.
69. SAGOTIA.
70. ALYSICARPUS,
71. LESPEDEZA
VICIA.
73. LATHYRUS.
T4. ABRUS.
1. SOPHORA L. Shrubs, trees, or herbs. Leaf-blades several-foliolate.
Racemes erect. Calyx nearly equally 5-lobed or truncate.
Standard markedly
FABACEAE | | 673
elawed. Wings M. keel-petals aurieled on
one side. Pod thick. Seed thick.—About
25 species, of warm and tropical regions.
shore-hammocks, S pen. Fla. an e Keys,
and S Tex.—(W. I.)—All year.
. CLADRASTIS Raf. Trees. Leaves with obsolete stipules and many-
foliolate blades. Panicles drooping. Calyx nearly tubular, about equally
ed. Wings and keel-petals about equally
ae. oblong. Pod flat, ee eee:
Seed flat.—One species
1. C. lutea (Michx.) Koch. pu becom-
1
ing 17 m. tall: leaves 2-4 dm. long; blades
of the leaflets oval, elliptie, PR or sub
orbieular any-flowered: ealy
bluffs, various provinees “N of Coastal Plain,
Ala. to Mo., Ky., and W N. C.—Spr.-sum.—
ften grown for. ornament outside of its natural range. The hard, close-
grained wood is used for various objects and yields a yellow dye
3. THERMOPSIS R. Br. Perennial herbs. Leaves with large stipules
and 3 leaflets. Calyx with an entire or slightly lobed upper lip and a 3-lobed
lower lip. Corolla yellow or rarely purple: standard broad: blades of the
wings and the keel-petals ovate, elliptic, or obovate, auricled on one side
Style usually shorter than the ovary. Pod sessile or nearly so—About 20
species, natives of North America and Asi
Stem virgate: raceme dense, spike-like: pod erect and appressed : blades of the leaf-
lets not rhombic. 1. caroliniana.
Stem widely branched: raceme lax: pod spreading: blades of the
leaflets somewhat rhombic.
BEALE RH the pedicels during anthesis: calyx pubes-
without.
Pod "broadly linear ; stipe 1/5-1/6 as long as the body. 2. T. mollis.
od narrowly li near ; stipe 1/10 as long as the body or
3. T. Hugeri.
Bracts shorter than the pedicels: calyx glaucous without. 4. T. fraxinifolia.
T. caroliniana M. A. Curtis. Stem 6-16 dm. tall, often w tufted:
blades of the leaflets oblanceolate to elliptie: raceme-rachis woolly: calyx
13
674 FABACEAE
woolly; lower lobes oo about 14 as
v S the tube: pod long, tomen-
E AUG ON ’S-ROD. )— Woods, o ae
ne Appalachian provinces, Ga. nn.
and N. C.—Spr.—Often n grown as a 2
plant.
2. T. mollis (Michx.) M. A. Curtis. Stem
pubescent, 3-9 dm. tall: raceme-rachis to-
mentulose: ealyx den Rd M ene without:
lower calyx-lobes trian shorter than
3. T. tees Small. Stem pubescent, 3—7 dm. tall: raceme-rachis mee
pubescent: calyx more or less Henn without: lower ro -lobes lanceolate,
mostly about as long as the tube: ovary linear: pod 5-9 em. long.—Woods
and thickets, Blue Ridge, Ga. to | C — Spr.
4. T. fraxinifolia (Nutt.) M. A. Curtis. Stem glabrous, 3-9 dm. tall: raceme
rachis mostly gl Pu calyx poe heu dis cay iobes deltoid,
dd less than 15 as long as the tube ary very narrowly linear: pod 7-1
. long.—Dry OUS Re thickets, Blue. Ridge to A d Bic fen
n Tenn. and N. C.—Sum
4. BAPTISIA Vent. Perennial herbs with rootstocks, the Mad often
blackening in drying. Stipules not decurrent on the ste m, sómetimes de-
ci Leaflets mostly 3, di = usually broadest above the middle.
somewhat 2-lipped. Corolla white, cream-colored, yellow, blue. Style
o
inflated, beaked, stipitate.—About 24 species, North American.—FALSE-INDIGOS.
WILD-INDIGOS.—In the first group the leaves are simple
Leaf-blades simple, rarely lobed: stipules wanting. I. SIMPLICIFOLIAE.
Leaf-blades 3-foliolate: i asd present.
Plant bushy-branched: flowers axilary to leaves n m
ranches, sometimes the ne n branches termi-
nated by a cluster of "few flow II. TINCTORIAE.
Flowers in terminal panicles, the lateral branches of
the panie gies with bractlets, but usually without
III. CALYCOSAE.
Flowers in bracted racemes whic are apparently lat-
eral by the prolongation of a eia shoot. IV. BRACTEATAE.
B I in erect terminal racemes Ln are naked by
the early falling of the small bra V. ALBAE.
I. SIMPLICIFOLIAE
Leaves with perfoliate blades: flowers axillary. 1. B. perfoliata.
Leaves with sessile blades: flowers r racemose. 2. B. simplicifolia.
TINCTORIAE
Stipules foliaceous, more or less adnate to the leaflets towards
the ends of the e 3. B. microphylla.
t
Keel
han L 5 em. long: leafieis small (1-3 em.) ; blades
an o SE or cuneate t
Pod-body oval or ellipsoid, a aiy beaked. 4. B. auo
Pod-body EUER or globose-ovoid, abruptly beaked. 5. B. Gibbes
FABACEAE 675
Keel more than 1.5 cm. long: leaflets large (4-10 cm.) ;
ades of an oblanceolate or elliptic type.
Standard-blade broadly reniform: pod-body subglobose
to globose-ovoid, somewhat ieu short-bea 6. B. lanceolata.
Mis E blade orbicular-reniform : pod-body narrowly
void or ellipsoid-ovoid, with lateral ridges,
d. *. B. elliptica.
e
Calyx-lobes about as long as the Ule not foliac 8. B. LeContei.
Calyx-lobes several times pedi Rer the tube, fonia casu S.
Foliage glabrous or nearly : ealyx-lobes sparingly ciliate
or ultimately eciliate. 9. B. calycosa.
Foliage copiously hirsute: calyx-lobes permanently shaggy-
ciliate. 10. B. hirsuta.
IV. BRA TAE
Plant with horizontal or nearly "nm pu the ra-
cemes borne on the under side of the branches, sometimes
nearly or a on the ground. 1. B. bracteata.
V. ALBAE
o e or yellow.
Corolla yellow.
i pubescent: ovary silky: pod decidedly acuminate. 12. B. villosa.
Calyx glabrous, EE the ciliolate edges: ovary gla-
brous: pod abruptly pointed.
Pod ellipsoid or oval: corolla over 1.5 cm. long:
blades of the leaflets mostly of an elliptic type. 13. B. megacarpa.
Pod cylindraceous: corolla less than 1.5 em. long:
ae of the leaflets of an ohovale or oblanceolate
14. B. Serenae.
Corolla ite.
Corolla 1-1.5 D long: pod-body cylindraceous, 1 cm.
thick or les
Inflor Bee o Bis and pedicels pd nt. 15. B. albescens.
Inflorescence-rachis and pedicels glabrous 16. B. alba.
Corolla 2 cm. long or more: pod-body oval, between 1.5
and em. ic k. 17. B. leucantha.
Corolla blue. 18. B.australis.
1. B. dese (L.) R. Br. Plant with several st tiff, ing branches
less than 1 m. tall: leaves perfoliate, mostly vertical; blades DR. oval,
or ovate, 5- long, both -
-1.5 em. long, i beaked.—
B GOPHER-WEED.) — Sandhills, Coastal
Plain, C Fla. to S. C Spr Plants
green.
S I Croom. Plant 1 m. tall
sually much-branched: leaves
mE pos ovate v val, 3—10
long, obtuse or E pd. at t apex, sessile.
flowers in terminal racemes, p pedieelled,
yellow: ealyx RM without; lower lobes narrowlv ovate; upper p broad,
entire or minutely notehed: standard pu -reniform: ovary pubescent: pod-
body ellipsoid or ovoid, less than 1 em. long, long-bea aked Seen ie EED.)—
Pinelands, M Fla.—Sum.—Plants dry blac
3 "4 microphylia Nutt. Plant tall or less, the d numerous Mind
glabrous: leaves i E. xy fol cons stipules; lea 1-5 e ng,
blades obo neate, or E pd elliptie: flowers s ellas ‘ to 3 3- foliolate
or 1-foliol nrbis yellow x glabrous without; lower lobes deltoid or
often pen than IW ide; upper io eee standard-blade suborbicular or wider
han long: pod-body oval or subglobose, about 1 em. long or less, short-beaked.
Sandhills, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and S. n s —sum.—-Plants dry green.
676 FABACEAE
4. B. tinctoria (L.) R. Br. Plant very bushy, with slender branches, mostl
1 m. tall or less, glabrous: leaflets 1-3 em. long; blades obovate to spatulate-
cuneate: calyx becoming 4-5 mm. ae lower lobes deltoid, acuminate: corolla
—14 mm. 9 mm. wi
yellow; wings 12—14 long; blade of the standar d-body
8-11 mm. long, acid than the Bender stipe.—(HONESTY-WEED. RATTLE-WE
SHOO-FLY. YEL W WILD-INDIGO.)—Dry woods, b aee and roadsides, often
in acid soil, rdi provinees, N. C. to La., an —Su m—Plants
dry black. Southern mountain folk use the m "both for dye and as a fly-
brush.
. Gibbesii Small Plant similar to B. tinctoria in habit: leaves smaller f;
ds iuis more euneate: flowers yellow: pod-body 6—7 mm. long, about as long
as the stipe or shorter.—Sandy woods, Coastal Plain, S. C.—BSpr.-sum.
B. lanceol joe Rn Plant mostly less than 1 m. tall, the bap eed
u
mm. lon ng: od-body as wide as ong, orn bale SO ance or less 2-lobed, short-
stipitate, the valves somewhat woody, SP in ‘age. —Dry piace Coastal
Plain, Ala. to N. C.—Spr.
1.5 em. ; , rely shorte ith very b
blades: pod-body much longer than thick, not lobed, pee ERE "the valves
parehment-like, copiously pubescent —Pinelands, N Fla a.—Spr.
B. Le Co ntei & G. Plant bushy, 1 m. tall or less, pen ie ieee:
Pius leaves 3: foliola te, with minute stipules; leaflets 1—4 cm. long, the
blades ee spa atulate, or narrowly cuneate, sparingly a ees M eR
in terminal panieles with incu bracts and minutely bracted flower-stalks:
ese finely pu a. lower lobes lanceolate or subulate-lanceolate; upper bs
mostly entire corolla dos ; dp FE suborbieular: ovary pu
pod-body ellipsoid, less than 1 cm. long, narrowed at both ends, short- beaked,
finely pubescent. E aa aoa. Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.—su
—Plants dry gree
calycosa Canby. Plant usually less than 1 m. tall, with many E
| ae branches: leaves with elliptic as ea ate stipules m ostly 1-2 e
long; leaflets 3, the blades spatulate to n wly cun g, us r
ly pubescent: br and bractlets hie to elliptic, foliaceous: calyx
glabrous except the sparingly cili lobes; foliaceous, ali five nearly
equal: corolla yellow; standard-blade suborbicular: ovary glabrous: Pa -body
narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid, about 1 cm. long, glabrous, gs beaked.—Pine-
lands, E Fla.—Spr.-sum.—Plants dry black.
10. B. hirsuta Small. Plant about 1 m. tall or less, with numerous straight
lets 3, the blades spatulate, obla late, a na el . long,
hirsute: braets ps dede similar is the stipules: calyx hirsute; all five lobes
foliaceous, the o (upper lip) united for about half their length:
corolla “yellow sob dard. blade suborbieular: ovary hirsute: pod-body broadly
ovoid, nearly 1 cm. long, pubescent, Wl e ed. [B. calycosa villosa Canby.]
—Dry Ru pinelands, W Fla.—Spr.—Plants dry green.
FABACEAE 677
11. B. bracteata Muhl. Plant less than 1 m. tall, the stout pubescent stem
with widely spreading branches: leaflets 5-10 cm. long; blades ee to
-0 1
S short
colored; standard-blade fully 1.5 em. vide Sith bon spots | k pele als over
2 em. long: pod-body ellipsoid, 4-5 long, short-stipitate, igi aked.—
(CREAM WILD- -INDIGO. n k woods, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Ga. and N. C.
—Spr.—Plants dry blac
12. B. villosa El. Plant less than 1 m. tall, the stout pubeseent stem wit
spreading zigzag branches: leaflets 4—12 em. long; ; blades elliptic to rhombic-
o r
elliptic, or individually oblanceolate or obovate, coriaceous, r te: racemes
? t 1 stout, naked: calyx-lobes shorter than the
tube, the lower ones Diog e ovate: corolla yellow; standard-blade about
2 em. wide; keel-petals abou m. long: pod-body ellipsoid or nearly so, 2.5-3
ng:
em. long, long- stipitate, ae der —Sandy woods, often on sandhills,
Coastal Plain, S. C. and N. C.—Spr.
13. B. Neu de pedis Plant more than 1 m. tall or less, the stout stem
terminating in & long raceme and with Uds branches which bear short
pees B “leaflets = ‘8 em. long; blades elliptic, varving to broadest above
eae eae or ae it, thinnish, minutely pubescent pode or merely glaucous:
nal raceme m ered: ealyx-lobes much shorter than the tube, the
je a deltoid or deltoid. dba: corolla pale. a standard-blade oa
1.5 em. wide; keel-petals nearly 2 em. long: pod-body ellipsoid or nearly
2: 5 em. long, parchment-like, slender- -stipitate, n en beaked. 2 E!
stly on mum s, Coastal Plain, M Fla. and S Ga. (to Ala?).—
Plants dry gree
14. B. Serenae M. A. Curtis. Plant about 1 m. tall or less, the slender stem
with ie or ears fara ge leafy branches which often terminate in short
racemes, the main terminal raceme elongate: ets 1-3 cm. long or rarely
longer; blades obovate, cunea e-obovate, or spatulate-oblanceolate, glabrous,
pale beneath: ra e slender ealyx-lobes shorter than the tube, the lower ones
triangular or ovate- iia nnus “corolla hace -yellow; a a less than
m. wide; keel-petals less than . long; pod-body e cylindraceous, 2
em. "s Ba ‘stipitate A Coastal Plain, Ga. and S. C.—Spr.
15. B. iris Small Plant mostly 1 m. tall or less, rather pd. the stem
green, with ascending branches and a short raceme: leaflets 3-6 long;
blades elliptic. PF elliptic-oblanceolate, deep-green, sparingly E ut be-
neath: raceme short; few-flowered: ealyx-lobes shorter than the tube, the lower
ones ovate or d eltoid- ovate: corolla white; standard-blade 15-18 mm. wide;
keel-petals ind ne tee 1.5 em. long: "pod-bo dy cylindric, = = 5 em i E
—(SPIKED-INDIGO.) — Blue e and adjoining provin Ga.
and N. C. Spr. cms ps green. The stem and calyx are ene ae
16. B. alba (L.) R. Br. Wien Md 2 m. tall or E slender, the ar green
or purple with horizontal bra and a slender virgate erect raceme: leaflets
2—5 em. long; blades iau. n to elliptie-spatulate, light-gre a racemes,
at least the main one, often conspicuously elongate, many-flowered, slender:
ealyx-lobes much shorter than the tube, the lower ones deltoid, or bro ader
Ei long: corolla white; standard-bla de PE mm. wide; keel- -petals less
t e ong: pod-body cylindric, 2.5-3 em. long or rarely shorter, short-
stipitate. —Rich woods, often z Po Coast al Plain and occasionally adj.
provinces, Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-sum.—Foliage dries green. The pod is erect.
678 FABACEAE
17. B. ee T. & G Pl ind E 5 m. tall or less, stout, the stem glaucous,
with ascending branches: leaflets 2.5—6.5 cm. long; blades obovate, cuneate,
cuneate-obov ate, or nearly ipte, deep-green: racemes stout: calyx-lobes
s delt
standard. blade 1.5-1.8 cm. wide; keel-petals fully 2 cm. long: pod-body oval,
I: long, rather slender- -stipita ate. — (WHITE WILD-INDIGO. PRAIRIE-IN-
RUNE “Riv 'er-banks, woods, pinelands, and prairies, various provinces, N only
e of the Blue Ridge, N Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and N. C.—Spr.-sum.—The
pods are drooping.
8. B. australis (L.) R. Br. Plant 1.5 tall or less, stout, the stem
E is en ie Or d branched branches: leaves rela-
tively few, with slender petioles; leaflets 4-8 cm. long, the blades cuneate to
oblan sane ie. mcs: elliptic, or ' elliptic: calyx glabrous; lower lobes deltoid
to ovate, much shorter than the tube: corolla eee -blue; blade of the standard
about 1.5 cm. wide; kee Ann ol a abou em. lon ng; pod-body ellipsoid,
3-3.5 long, hort-beaked.— — (BL S T woods and river-
ces n. a.—Spr.—Foli
age bla in drying. ten E in gardens, ducsia its natural range,
for the bunt blue inflorescence
5. CROTALARIA [Dil.] L. Herbs. Stipules often decurrent on the
stem or branches. Leaflets 3 or 1. Calyx with a gini) 2- lobed ud
r to eylin M —Abou Species, mainly ropieal
regions.—Spr.—fall or all year sae od Set of the pate
Species are grown as garden plants.
aurieled blades broadened upward: blades E the keel-petals broadly hin e-
shaped. Pod globula 250 of
Leaves with 1-foliolate blades.
Standard shorter than the calyx or about equalling it: blades of the upper leaf-
lets linear, elliptic, oval, or lanceolate: stipules more or less
decurrent. I. SAGITTALES.
Standard much longer than the calyx: blades of the upper
leaflets of a spatulate or oblanceolate type: stipules not de-
current. II. RETUSAE.
Leaves with 3-foliolate blades. III. INCANAE.
SAGITTALES
Ec Mee erbicular or oval blades pects e stems potas or decumbent.
Ste ranches, ae peduncles with relatively long loo
on Paes hair 1. C. rotundifolia.
Stems, branches, ind peduncles with short appressed hairs. 2. C. maritima.
Menus with linear, lanceolate, ue elliptic blades predominat-
ng; stems erect or ascen din
Stems appressed-pubescent : « eem inconspicuously oe
aly.
m ong, pubescence tawny:
row, not inflated. 3. C. Linaria.
em. long or more, the pubescence pale: pod
hick, turgid. 4, C. Purshii.
Stems loosely pubescent : calyx.loosely pubescent. 5. C. sagittalis.
II. RETUSAE
Flowers subtended by minute eaducous bra
ets. . C. retusa.
Flowers subtended by ovate, cordate, persistent bracts.
C. Retz.
i
III. INCANAE
Plant annual: pod 2.5-4.5 em. long.
Racemes short and stout: calyx-lobes lanceolate: keel with
Short blunt beak. 8. C. incana.
a long and slender: calyx-lobes subulate-tipped :
eel with a slender acute beak.
Plant T pod 1
. C. striata.
. C. pumila.
A
co
FABACEAE 679
1. C. rotundifolia (Walt.) Poir. Stems radiating from the stout root: blades
of the lower leaflets orbicular to obovate; of the upper ones oval, oval-ovate,
or broadly elliptic: sah page p cen
standard 11-14 mm. long: pod silipsold:
inces, Fla. to La. and Va.—(Mec., C.
S. A.)
2. C. e Chapm. Stems radiating
from a stout root: blades of the lower leaf-
i ‘suborbieula to oval; or of the upper ones
calyx strigose: standard 9-12
od ellipsoid, 2-3 g
the Seminoles e for sore-throat. There is much variation in the leaf-
lets. Although typically of a broad type, Hes on elongate branches often
have narrow blades
3. C. Linaria Small Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the wiry stems tawny- piden. iN
eer on cae woody root: blades of the leaflets linear, often narrowly s
or those of M lower leaves sometimes linear-elliptie or oblanceolate, an DS 8-
cent like the stem: stipules ros d ealyx strigose: eorolla bright-yellow: pod
d cione 1.5—2 lo ng— Pinelands, hammocks, and shell-mounds,
iin along the coast d. . Fla. and the Keys.—Plants are perennial. Stems
re o oft ten numerous on n the woody root. The si narrow blades of the dps
aad small purple calyx are distinctive characters. Stipules may rare
present.
4. C. b caen DC. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stems C Or esca on the
o S
rairies, sand-dunes, and gra woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. a
Plants des ge Stipules : are usually present, but often very small.
C. sagittalis L. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem villous-hirsute: blades of the
leaflets elliptie to laneeolate or linear- ]anceolate: stipules eonspieuous: ealyx
sely-pubescent: corolla pale-yellow: pod ellipsoid, 2.5—4 Sar i ee Gals
EA.)—Dry woods and sandy banks, various a boa Fla. to , S. nd
m W. I., Mex.)—Plants are annual or the South ee perennial,
Stipu ules are usually present, and e sone oe de uec on the stem, thus
inverse-sagittate.
6. C. retusa L. Plant 4—9 dm. tall minutely pubescent: blades of. es Vas)
nu to PONE not bristle-tipped: sti ipules minute: ealyx 12—14
long; lower lip. a than the tube: standard with a saborbieniar or uid
E. reniform blade 22-26 mm. wide: pod nearly cylindric, 3-5 em. long.—Pine-
ands and sandy AT waste- -places and roadsides, S pen. Fla. Pr the Keys.
Nat. of E. I.— —(W. I., Mex boo et ons db
7. C. Retzii A. Hitche. Plant erect, up to 1 m. tall, finely pubescent: blades
s the s d to cuneate, often bristle- tipped: stipules broad: yx
—18 mm. long; r lip longer than the dn Tu Be S lanceolate: corolla yel-
nay standa rd atha a suborbienlar blade abou n diameter: pod slightly
broadened upward, 3-5 cm. long. [C. spectabilis Both) — —Cult. grounds and
roadsides, pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of E. I.—(W. I.)
680 FABACEAE
. ©. incana L. Plant erect, the stem finely and rae p pubescent, 3-8
dm. tall: blades SA the leaflets o val to obovate: yx becoming 10-12 mm.
long: keel 14—16 mm. long: ovary ferte pod a ellipsoid, 2.5—4 cm.
long. R eue "n uad. and waste-places, pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat.
of tropic
9. C.striata DC. Plant erect, m 1.5 m. n or less: blades of the leaflets
oval, ee or ole 2.5-7 . long, minutely pubescent beneath: calyx
becoming 5.5-6.5 m m long; bes leader pred. longer than the tube: keel
12-14 mm . lon 2 utely pubescent: pod turgid, cylindric-clavate, 3.5-
ng:
4.5 em. long, Eus bea ked.- Waste e-places, pinelands, and roadsides, pen. Fla.
Nat. of E. I.—(W. I., S. A., O. W.)
10. C. pumila Ortega. Plant decumbent: blades of the leaflets cuneate to
ipto: cumento: = becoming 4-5.5 mm. long: keel 8-10 mm. long: ovary
pu : po de or ellipsoid, 1-1.5 cm. long.—Hammocks, pinelands, and
des pin PPM pen. Fla. and the Ke eys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
6. LUPINUS [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or died herbs, or woody
plants. Stipules not decurrent. Leaflets several-many or rarely 1. Calyx
with a lobed upper lip and an entire or slightly 3-lobed id lip. Corolla
variously colored or white: standard without callosities: wings with blunt
aurieles: keel-petals add shaped. Pod ellipsoid - linear.—About 120 spe-
cies, natives of temperate and warm regions.—LUPINES.
[4
Leaves not evergreen; blades palmately several-foliolate: foliage Pa or incon-
spicuously pubesce nt. I. DIGITATI.
Leaves evergreen; Pene 1-foliolate: foliage copiously and
conspicuously pubesce II. SIMPLICIFOLII.
I. Dic
Upper calyx-lip half-orbicular, with a i eg note and 2 del-
toid lobes 1. L. perennis.
ro calyx-lip deltoid, with a deep notch and 2 lanceolate
2. L. Nuttallii.
II. SIMPLICIFOLII
Blade of the standard with a white spot.
BE blade orbicular-reniform: stems prostrate or de-
cu 3. L. diffusus.
Stan dard-blade ovate: stems erect. 4, L.cumulicola.
Blade of the standard with a red- aure
Bla a pos Een Me Dean with a Feud ani auricle: hairs
ueh shorter than the ovary: pod elliptic,
Shout E» em. "lon ng. 5. L. Westianus
Blades of the keel-petals with a broad basal auricle: hairs
of the piau “aa than the ovary: pod broadly linear, l
3.5-4.5 c ong. 6. L. villosus.
1. L. perennis L. Plant 2—6 dm. tall, the pal d early deciduous: leaflets
7—11; blades oblanceolate to elliptic, obtu use o ronulate: lower lip of the
‘calyx with the middle lobe acute and p R Pg
jecting beyond the others ol blue
purplish-blue: pod 7-8 mm. wide, DE pedi-
pep A UNDIAL-LUPINE — Ope woods
elds, in acid sandy soil, ous pensa
cg Fla. to La., Minn., and "Me.—Spr
2. L. Nut d = Wats. e smaller iem
more slender in L. , but with
the stipules docere and the leaflets ae
their blades narrow, mostly spatulate and
acute: lower lip of the calyx with the middle
lobe obtuse and about equalling the others:
corolla blue: pod mostly 9-10 mm. wide,
FABACEAE 681
hort-pedicelled.— (SANDHILLS-LUPINE. )—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.
and Ga.—Spr.
a br gigs Nutt. Stems and branches several to many, close-together at
top Oo root, prostrate or decumbent, ce in erect panicles:
re lodos pus narrowly obovate, or uin 4—10 em. long; corolla
deep-blue, oe the white center of the sta andard: Ei d as wide as
bl
ong or wider ade bo Ps petals nearly as wide long: pod broadly
linear, rather flat, 3.5 m. long, silky, the beak m dui —Pinelands
and oak ridges, Coastal T Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-
4. L.cumulicola Small. Stem d dp En 1.5-15 dm. tall, branched
above, the branches terminating in erect panicle : leaf- blades hae or elliptic,
varying to broadest above the middle or below it, 3—15 em. long: corolla sky-
blue, except the mn. center of the standard: standard i than wide:
blade of wing-petals much longer than wide: pod linear, turgid, 4-5 c . long,
silky, the aa d upward.— (SKY-BLUE LUPINE.) — Serub and sandhills.
pen. Fla.—Wint.-spr.
. L. Westianus Small. Stem big] pags erect, 3-12 dm. tall, branched
oe ae Es ed terminating pan icles: leaf-blades elliptic or
nearly s 5.9 c . long: corolla ‘bright. "Dus men the red-purple spot in
the Re i the standard standard with an orbicular-ovate blade: pod elliptic,
turgid, about 2.5 em. long closely shaggy- e the beak nearly central.—
Sand-dunes along or near the coast, M and W Fla.—Spr.
2 Eos villosus Willd. Stem and end close E at the top of the root,
radiating, prostrate and term ing in erect, stout, dense panicles:
loaf. vite, elliptic, Mu ME is acar elliptic, or s ob-
lanceolate, 4—15 em. long: corolla MPa -lilac or purple, except e deep- purple
or red-purple center of the Pd standard with a con blade: pod
broadly linear, flattish, 3.5—4 E long, shaggy with m E or li tangled long
irs, the beak la e
7. CYTISUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs with much-branched stems, sometimes
broom-like.. Leaflets 3 or 1: blades narrow or broad, mostly entire, or obsolete.
Calyx with an ohseurely lobed upper lip a
a minutely 3-lobed lower lip. Corolla mostly
dod standard with a broa d blade: wings
with broad auricles: keel-petals with broad
blades. Pod rather narrow.—About 45 spe-
cies, natives of the Old World.—Brooms.
1. C. scoparius (L.) Link. Plant with
many stiff erect sharp-angled branches, 1-.
1.5 m. tall the je Pune finely pu-
bescent: leaflets 3, or upper leaves;
blades obovate to dle, rur m. long,
s Or te, ceme leafy-
cted: calyx abou ong: iiw:
buch dons baec. suborbiewlar, 1.5-2
cm. long: pod broadly linear, 4—5 em. long, long- -ciliate -—(BEs OM. GINSTE
ScoTcH-BROOM. )—Roadsides, banks, and m various provinces, rarely Coastal
Plain, Ga. to N. S. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.—In part parasitie on oak
682 FABACEAE
8. MEDICAGO [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs, or partly woody
plants. Leaflets 3, pinnate. Racemes capitate or slightly elongate. Calyx-
r violet: wings with a hooked auricle at the base of the blade. Style very
short, at pasa oe than the ovary.—About 50 species, natives of the Old
World.—MED
Corolla Er or blue: standard with an elliptic or cuneate blade: perennial up-
ri pla I. SATIVAE.
Corolla yellow standard with a blade about as broad as long:
annual spreading or prostrate plants. II. LUPULINAE.
I. SATIVAE
pu often bushy branched: flower-clusters conspicuous: pod
isted. 1. Af. sativa.
I. L
rod ee: l-seeded: blade of the keel-petals longer than the
2. M. lupulina.
Pod prickle-armed, : several-seeded : blade of the keel-petals shorter
an
Stem and branches downy-villous: stipules entire or toothed. 3. M. minima.
Stem and dee glabrous or nearly so: stipules incised.
Pod loosely coiled, not furrowed on the edge between the
prickles: style Der. short 4. M. hispida.
Pod tightly coiled, furrowed on the edge between the
prickles : style slender 5. M. arabica.
1. t L. Leaflets 8-16 mm. TEN blades cuneate-obovate to cuneate
or oblanceolate: calyx 4-6 mm. long: standard 8-10.5 mm. long: pod 3-4
mm. broad.—(ALFALFA. Lu )—Fie
nd Can
-sum —Extensively grown as a fodder.
2. M. lupulina L. Leaflets 5-15 mm. lon ng;
blades obovate or rhomboidal: ealyx 1.5-2
mm. long:
ndard 1.5-2 mm. long: pod
2-3 mm. broad; strongly se
BLACK-MEDIC. HoP-M DIC. )—W aste-
places and roadsides, various Dor ees, U.S.
and S Can. Nat. of Eu u.—Spr. -gum.'
. M. minima L. Leaflets 0.5-1.5 em. long;
blades bro cal or ngo cuneate, rounde d
or truncate at the apex, denticulate: ealyx pubescent, 2. 5-3 mm. long; lobes as
long as the tube or longer: a ellow, 3—4 mm. long: pod closely twisted
into 4 p 9 eoils, 5-8 mm. br RA di edges armed with toothed prickles.—Road-
sha waste-places, and cult. grounds, SUM Plain and adj.. provinces, Fla. to
and N. C. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-
4. M. hispida pies ios s 5-15 mm. long; blades cuneate to oval, green:
ealyx 2.5-3 mm. long: keel- ud mostly shorter than the broad wings: pod
with 2 or 3 coils, pe 8 mm. broad. [M. denticulata Willd.]—( BUR-CLOVER.)—
Waste-places, fields, and roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. and N. S.;
also Pacific States. Nat. of Burasi sia.—(W. I., Meg., C. A., S. A.)
5. M. arabica All. Leaflets 10-25 mm. long; blades peel cuneate to
obovate, usually with a brown spot in center: calyx 2-2.5 lon ae eel-
petals mostly jou e the wings: pod with 3 or 4 coils "6-9 br oad.
M. maculata Sibth.]— (SP MEDICK. )—Waste-places, roadsides, “fields, v
eult. grounds, various provinces, M Fla. to La. and Ñ. B. Nat. of Eu—(8$. A 2)
FABACEAE 683
9. TRIGONELLA L. Annual or rarely perennial herbs, with erect or
spreading stems. Leaflets 3: blades broadened upward, toothed, commonly
sharply so. Flowers perfect, in short ra-
cemes or panicles, or od ey alyx-lobes
nearly oe narrow. Corolla yellow, blue,
or white: standard ay an obovate or
cuneate "— blade: s mide or ovate,
longer than the rounde Style very
short or subulate. Pod d narrow, i
dehiscent or ne ce so.—About 50 species,
mostly of the Old World temperate regions.
T. monspeliaca L. Plant finely pubes-
cent: stem simple or branched, 0.5-4 dm
long: Le > the blades cuneate to ob-
t
ovate, 3-11 mm. long, sharply toothed above
the middle: riens elustered: ealyx 2—2.5 m
eee than the tu : eo n yellow, about l5 longe than
a
andard cuneate, 3-3 ong, emarginate: pod lin ved, T ee
n reticulate, finely pubescent —Dry soil, fields, and hillsides, Coastal Plain,
Nat. of Eu.
Ala.
10. MELILOTUS ['Tourn.] Juss. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaflet
3-pinnate. Racemes gr da inv and ultimately interrupted. Calyx- lobes
nearly equal, shorter than the tube. Corolla yellow or w ite: wings with a
slender auricle at the base P the blade. Style long. Pod stout, straight.—
About 20 species, natives of the Old World.—Sum.—SWEET-CLOVERS. MELILOTS.
Corolla 4-9 mm. long: pod 3-4 mm. long.
Corolla white: Sdn surpa e sing the wing-petals. 1. M.
e yellow : standard shorter Pe the wing-petals. 2. M. Du dim
Corolla 2.5 mm. long or less: pod a mm. long. 3. M. indica.
1. M. alba Desv. Leaflets lr em. long; blades linear-elliptie, oblanceolate,
or elliptic: racemes 4-15 em. long, or becoming longer: calyx-lobes slightly
shorter than the tube: Keel-petals about
equal to the wing ry S pod
3 : by 2 ee MELILOT
WHI T-CLOVER. )—
cult. a. ad river bad especially in
calcareous regions, various pro ovinces, nearly
throughout U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.
2. M. officinalis (L.) Lam. Leaflets 1-3
em. long; blades narrowly elliptie, oblance
olate, or oval: racemes 2—12 cm. long: calyx-
lobes about % as long as the tube: "Rech
petals mueh shorter than the wings: ovary
stipitate: pod about 4 mm. long, pubescent.
— (YELLOW-MELILOT.) — — Waste- -plaees, E
grounds, and roadsides, often in ealeare
soils, various provinces, nearly throughout U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.
3. M. indica (L.) All. Leaflets 0.5-2 em. long; blades elliptic, oval, cuneate,
or obovate: racemes 1-2 em. long: corolla yellow: pod about 2 mm, long.—
684 FABACEAE
(INDIAN-CLOVER.) —W aste-places, fields, and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.,
and S northward to E Canada; also Pacifie States, and rarely in the in-
terio at. of Eurasia.
11. TRIFOLIUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaflets 3,
digitate or pinnate, or rarely 5 or 7. Calyx-lobes nearly equal, or the 2 u
longer than the 3 low e e times partly united. Corolla bina
colored or white: standard elliptic or obovate, or elongate and clawed: other
petals with long claws, the ounded aur at
e
base of the blade.—About 275 A natives mainly of the north temperate
zone.—CLOVERS. "TREFOILS.— Various species, particularly T. pratense and
T. hybridum, are grown for iin
Corolla white or colored but not yellow
Racemes peduncled: claw of the ndari shorter than the 2e except in T.
appaceum, which has the corolla shorter than the calyx
ur o not 2-lippe
rolla hare than the caly
Sta ndard with the blade "Ioa than the claw:
mature racemes ellipsoid: corolla white. I. ARVENSIA.
Mieres with the blade shorter than the claw:
racemes globular: corolla pink. II. LAPPACEA.
Corolla. longer than the calyx.
Calyx-lobes plumose: raceme cylindri III. INCARNATA.
Calyx lohee not plumose: raceme glo bul
Plant annual or biennial: calyx- e ed
times donor than the tube. IV. REFLEXA.
Plant perennial: calyx lobes and tube about
qual in length. V. REPENTIA.
e
Calyx 2-lipped. VI. CAROLINIANA.
ra sessile: claw of the standard longer than the
VII. PRATENSIA.
Corolla ne VIII. AGRARIA
I. ARVENSIA
Plant with grayish-pubescent foliage and silky-plumose
racemes. 1. T. arvense.
II. LAPPACEA
Plant with glabrous foliage and sparingly hairy racemes. 2. T. lappaceum.
III. INCARNA
Plant erect: flowers ascending or nie P ndum in
cylindrie somewhat plumose racem 3. T. incarnatum.
IV. REF
Plant with several to many radially M stems at
maturity: flowers i erred strongly reflexed, forming a
depressed flat-topped h 4. T.reftezum.
REPENTI
Calyx-lobes subulate, not dilated, the sinuses pubescent.
Upper calyx-lobes slightly united : blades of the keel-
petals longer than the claws.
pper AR a er nee blades of the keel-petals
r th
5. T. stoloniferum.
shor 6. T. hybridum.
Calyx-lohes lanceolate dc pé with dilated bases, the
es glabro
Sanct not Dro nineniy veined, serrulate; terminal
leaflet longer- sore page E the lateral. T. T. repens.
Leaflets prominently veined, spinulose-serrate: terminal
leaflet not longerstetked than the lateral. 8. T. saxicola.
VI. CAROLINIANA
Slender depressed herb with slender peduncled small capi-
tate racemes: corolla white, pink, or purplish; standard
abruptly pointed. 9. T. carolinianum.
VII. PRA
Coarse erect herb with sessile large risus racemes: corolla
red or magenta, or rarely white; standard obtuse or
nearly truncate at apex. 10. T. pratense.
FABACEAE 685
II. AGRARIA
Terminal Miu longer-stalked than the lateral ones: stand-
ar
en
Racemes 8- 12- flowered, much less than 1 em. long.
11. T. dubium.
Racemes 20-40-flower ed, about 1 em. long. 12. T. procumbens.
Terminal leaflet not longer- stalked than the lateral ones:
standard with toothed edges 13. T. agrarium.
arvense L. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, Ls eds iR leaflets 1-2.5 em
long; blades e to oblanceolate, entire o or nearly so: racemes 1-3 cm. long:
calyx 4.5-5 mm. long; i ome subulate, plu-
mose: standard 3-3.5 long, the blade
nearly elliptie, whites (oun FIELD CLOVE
ABBI R. STON
banks, fields, and roadsides, various prov-
inees, Fla. to Mo., Ont., and Que. Nat. of
Eurasia.—Sum.
2. T. lappaceum L. Stem glabrous: leaf-
cemes 1-2 cm. in diameter:
ealvx 6-7 mm. long; lobes filiform-subulate,
with d Rede. long spreading hairs: stand-
ard 5 long, the blade ovate, pink.
Waste- places, and roadsides, Coa stal Plain,
Ala. and Miss. Nat. of Mediterranean reg.
3. T. incarnatum L. Stem 2-9 dm. tall, like the branches appressed-pubes-
cent, or somewhat villous: lea ee 1-4 em. long; blades obovate to orbicular-
aioe or broadly cuneate, denticulate, finely veined ; raceme cylindric, 3—8 em,
long: calyx densely sie een a 2-lipped ; lobes setaceous, longer than
the tube, those of the upper lip slightly longer than those of the lower lip:
corolla p eee 11-13 mm. long, linear-spatulate.—( CRIMSON-CLOVER
ITALIA —Fields, waste-places, and roa ur various provinees, N.
and a oli L. of the
to Ark. and Me. Nat. of Eu. ustt
Mediterranean reg., with linear lenfet blades LM slightly exserted corollas has
been found in Montgomery Co.,
4. T. reflexum L. Stem decumbent or spreading, villous or downy: leaflets
1.5-3 em. long; blades elliptic, elliptic-obovate, or suborbieular, denticulate:
cea UR 8 mm. long; lobes Sn subulate, ciliate: sta ndard oval, 10-12
ong, r red o or purple.—( BUFFALO-CLOVER. )—Dr ry fields and sandy T
various provinces, northward only W of Blue Ridge, Fla. to Tex., Nebr.,
N. Y.—Spr.
Ont >
T. stoloniferum Muhl. Stem M) spreading, glabrous: leaflets 1-3 em.
long; blades obovate, broadly cuneate, or nearly orbicular, denticulate: calyx
5-6 mm. long; lobes ‘much longer than the tube: standa rd oval or oval-ovate,
10-12 mm. long, white tinged with purple —(Bu FFALO-CLOVER. RUNNING-
CLOVER. idi. and prairies, various provinces, Tenn. to Mo., Nebr., and
Ohio.—
6. T. hybridum L. Stem erect or decumbent: leaflets 1-2.5 em. : blades
oval to elliptic, varying to ovate or obovate, or suborbicular, perde
calyx 3.5—4 mm. long; lobes about as long as the tube: standard elliptic, 7-9
mm. long, pink or rarely nearly white: db. mostly shorter than the ovary.—
(ALSIKE-CLOVER. SWEDISH-CLOVER. ALSATIAN-CLOVER. )—Fields, roadsides, and
waste-places, various provinces, rid connor U. S., and S "Can. Nat. of
Eu. and cult.—(W. I.)—Spr-fal
686 FABACEAE
7. T. repens L. Stem pu leaflets 9-15 mm. long; blades obovate to
orbicular-obovate or oval: calyx about 5 mm. long; shorter lobes abruptly
acuminate from dilated bases: standard elliptic, 7-8 mm. long, white: style
mostly longer than the ovary.—(W CLOVER. DUTCH-CLOVER.)— oadsides,
fields, woods, and waste- places, various ; provinces , U. S. and S Can.—Flourishes
on the highest mts. and in the coastal dicc of the Gulf of Mexico; DE.
for some time when naturalized in S Fla Sum. or all year S.
8. T. saxicola Small. Stem creeping: leaflets 3-8 mm. long; blades oe
g
Br M S is
usually shorter than the blades: style mostly shorter than the ovary.—Granite
roeks, Stone Mt. on the Piedmont of Ga.—Spr.-
9. T. carolinianum Walt. bos ascending or decumbent, pubescent: blades
of A leaflets obovate to cuneate: calyx p lower lobes mueh shorter
n the linear-lanceolate ea a. standard white, pink, or purplish: free
he filam dy soi S
: ] er N.—Spr.
fall.—T. nigrescens, Viv. of S Eu. with glabrous foliage dd iege and corolla
twice as long as the calyx and T. resupinatum o d Mediterranean
reg., with an inflated calyx, at maturity, have been found about prends Hil, Ala.
. pratense L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall pubescent: leaflets 1—4 cm. long;
blades elliptie or oval: ealyx about 8 mm. long; lobes filiform, the longest one
mueh longer than the tube: corolla Ls purple or white: standar 2—14 m
long, the claw very broad.—(RED R. E ME me rem
places, roadsides, and woods, various pede y Us ds Can. Na : Eu.
and eult.—Sum. urishes best at no altitudes. in mts.; somewhat
a when E n S Fla.— "T. glomeratum L., h globular racemes
less than 1 cm. in diameter, ws “petioled, small leav Ho d short broad-based
spreading calyx- ery and T. suffocatum L., with long petioled leaves; both
glabrous e n s c d reg., have been found at Sno w Hill, Ala.
lso T. striatum L., cylindric racemes and calyx- De iere 03
the tube, Pu die nc region, has been found near Bowman, Ga.
11. T. dubium Sibth. Plant erect or ascending, diminutive: leaflets 4-8 mm
2 racemes m ESL ane: hour) less than 2 mm. long: wing-
petals s 2-2. e-places and fields, - various prov-
inees, Fla. to "Tex, P. C. E Mass. "Nat of Eu.
d T. procumbens L. Plant prostrate or procumbent, diffuse: pone 6-12
. lo racemes rather perius 20—40-flowered: calyx mostly over 2 mm.
ped wing- petals 3-4 mm —(Low HOP-CLOVER.)—Fields, ended: and
waste-places, various 22 N. Am. , except the extreme N. Nat of Eu.
13. T.agrarium L. Plant ereet or pil SO: i e pid 10—16 mm. long;
racemes densely a -flowered : x 2.5-3 mm. long: wing-petals 4-5 m
long.— ( HoP- ER ELLOW-CL ovsn.)—‘hickets, fields, and waste- E
various e. Ga. to Ia., Ont., and N. S. Nat. of Eu.
12, LOTUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs with diffusely spreading branches. Leaf-
lets 3: blades entire. Flower-clusters long-peduncled. Calyx obscurely 2-
‘lipped: lobes slightly unequal, long and narrow. Corolla yellow or reddish
standard with a br de: other petals slender-clawe he blades of
oad bla
the wings prominently auricled: keel-petals strongly curved, Scis broad.—About
70 species, widely distributed in the Old World.
FABACEAE 687
L. direi dr Plant po with
de
several or many decumbent or ending
bra ; dm. g: leaflets 35 blades
bovate to elliptie, 6—1 lo calyx
7 a
8-9 mm. long; s subulate, the larger
ones as long as the tube or nearly so:
corolla bright yellow or partly reddish;
standard 11—13 mm. long; blade cuneate to
reniform: pod 2-2.5 em. long, the body
narrowly linear, with a slender-subulate
dm oii 's-roor TREFOIL, CAT-CL
ne D-HONEYSUCKLE. ) — Waste-places and
ballast Coa ed Plain, Atlantie and Gulf
States. Nat. of Eurasia
13. ACMISPON Raf. Annual or perennial herbs or woody plants. Leaf-
lets 3, pinnate, or solitary. Flowers er axillary. Calyx-lobes nearly
equal, usually elongate. Corolla usually pinkish; standard with a broad blade
and a short claw: other petals with distinct PACA the blades slightly auricled:
keel-petals scythe-shaped.—Six or 8 species, ee in western North America.
Calyx-lobes less than twice as long as the tube, not surpassing wings.
A. Heller
Calyx-lobes fully twice as long as the tube, surpassing wings. 24. A
—6 A
! : osac
2 a Piedmont, S.
N. o
2. A. americanum (Nutt.) Rydb. Plant 2-6
tall, the branches villous: leaflets 8—25
long; blades mostly elliptie to ovate:
e tube densely pubescent: claws of the
keel-petals about 14 as long as the blade.—
Dry soil, various provinces, Tex. to Calif.,
Wash., and Minn., eastward to Ala.—Sum.-fall.
14. BONAVERIA Seop. Herbs with diffuse branches and nearly glabrous
foliage. Leaflets several, pinnate: blades entire. Flowers in peduncled heads.
ea oe he lobes about as long as
tube, 2 upper ones decidedly united.
em Sd standard broad, d than
the other petals, clawed: wings longer than
the incurve eel. Pod longa faleate,
flat, slender-beaked.—One spec
= B. aig rie Scop. Plants a 1
tal or less: leaflets 1-2.5 long;
blades — elliptic- Bun po
r tru and apieulate at the apex: pe-
d ues near the base: calyx 2.5-3
mm. long; pins of ipd vus E oe
aeuminate: standard o 6-8 long:
pod 6-9 as beet the n beak hooked
688 FABACEAE
at the apex.—Waste-places and roadsides, Coastal Plain, S. C. Nat. of Eu.—
Spr.-sum.
15. AMORPHA L. Shrubs. Leafiets several or many, dotted: blades
a, or nearly so. Racemes spike-like. Calyx 2-lipped, sometimes obscurely
SO. andard erect, the broad anus ae around the androecium and
gynoecium. Wings and keel-petals wanting. ments united at the base.
Sl pee nee bis turgid, nearly ere ent. About 20 species,
North Àm —LEAD-PLANTS. PLUME-LOCUSTS. eal species are grown
as nen
Calyx-lobes lanceolate to a at half as long as the tube. I. CANESCENTES.
cays ues Short, the upper deltoid or half-round.
nn petioles, leaf-rachis, | pee tds upper surface
gla
Calyx-lobes very short, almo SE SOUS separated by
broad sinuses. II. GLABRAE.
i prominent, the upper broad, the lower
III. CAROLINIANAE.
Branches, petio les, leaf-rachis, peduncle, oes leaflets mani-
estly pubescent, at least when youn
Petioles very short, less than the Miao of the leaflets,
e: lowest pan of leaflets therefore close
stem: pod 5 mm. long or less. IV. HERBACEAE.
Petioles mm. dong or “than the width of the leaves: pod 6
ore,
Pod nearly steal ight on the back : leaflets mostly sub-
coriaceous or membranous in A. Bushii. V. VIRGAT
Pod curved on the back: leaflets membranous. yI. PoE:
I. CANESCEN
Calyx-lobes fully half as long as the tubes: iced canescent
. beneath: racemes clustered. 1. A. canescens.
Calyx lobes fully as long as the tube: leaflets brown-villous
beneath: racemes single or two together. 2. A. Schiwcerini.
II. GLABRAE
A glabrous or sparingly pubescent shrub with broad leaflets
and a short campanulate calyx. 3. A. glabra.
III. CAROLINIANA
Pod curved, narrow, scarcely punctate CA of - leaflets
broadest below the ne pubescent benea 4. A. nitens.
Pod strai ight the back, broad, coins punctate:
lades of the eee 'proadest at the middle or above
it, alabrou
Calyx with ameron conspicuous glands: pod 4-7 mm.
ong.
Corolla nd blades of the leaflets elliptic, rounded
or o at both ends: OSS mostly single:
pods glandular througho
Lower calyx-lobes Laa or a caus
late: standard i and retuse at the apex
pod with a lateral 5. A. cyanostachya.
Lower D deltoid = sta ndard oes at the
apex: with a nearly centric beak 6. A. Dewinkeleri.
Corolla ‘whi te: blades of the leaflets linear-elliptic,
acute, at least at the base: racemes usua
tered: pod glandular above the middle. Ta A EE
Calyx with few inconspicuous glands: pod 7-8 mm. long. 8. A. Curtissi
IV. HERBACEAE
CAE E densely pubescent: pod straight on the dorsal
utu 9. herbacea.
Calyx-tube glabrous: pod curved on the dorsal suture. 10. A. floridana.
V. VIR
Blades of the leaflets coriaceous, shining ace reticulate
at maturity. 11. A. virgata.
Blades of the leaflets membranous, dull, not reticulate. . 12. A. Bushii.
Pg
FABACEAE 689
UTICOSAE
Pod narrow, e t 2 mm. Dec sli ightly | a 13. A. tennesseensis.
Pod broad, about 3 mm. wide, strongly c
Foliage sparsely pubescent with gray Chains: 14. A. fruticosa.
i copiously pee especially when young, with
orange or yellow hairs . A. croceolanata.
A. canescens Pursh. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, white-canescent: leaflets 15-47;
blades oval to medo 0.9-1.8 em. long, subacute: racemes dense,
a. 5-18 cm. long, the flo A on very
short pedicels: piss Ne out m. long;
n subulate- lanceolate, a EE 2—2.5
long: standard obovate or broadly
prairies, various provinces, enn. to Tex.,
N. M., Man, and Ind.—Sum.
2. A.Schwerini C. K. Sehneid. Stem 1—2 m.
h en c S
neath: racemes solitary or two Pag Hui 4-6
e
m. 1028, e pubescent: calyx 4.5-
5.5 ong; lobes pu a subulate, arid than the tube; standard
uerum 4 mm. long, purplish: pod 5-5.5 m ong, the dorsal edge straight.
[A. densiflora F. E. Bo ynton.]—Rocky iem aoe N. C.—Sun
. A. glabra Desf. Stem 1-2 m. tall: leaflets 9-19; blades ovate, elliptic
ovate, or oval, 2-5 em. long, glabrous on both surfaces, obtuse, often e margi-
sually
ro :
long, glabrous: calyx campanulate, about 3 mm. long; lobes very shallow and
sparsely ciliate: ee orbicular, short-clawed, about 7 mm. long, purple:
pod 7-8 mm. long, rounded on the ventral edge, nearly straight on the dorsal,
light-brown, marked with few small glands. [A. montana F. E. Boynton. ]—
(Momma nao. reet soil and swamp-margins, various provinces, Ga. to
Ala., Tenn., and N. C.—Spr.
bis nitens F. E. Boynton. Stem 1.5-3 m. Lr with glossy twigs: leaflets
ades elliptie-ovate or ovate, 2-6 ong, spars a pubescent or
ere beneath: racemes slender, usually Xon. 12-25 ong: calyx
obeonie, about 3 mm. long ; lobes short and rounded or e three lower Ears
pointed, ciliate on the margins: standard purple: pod 5 . long, narrow,
much-curved and ub. glandless. Swamps near Mod in the Coastal
Plain of Ga.—Sum.
A. cyanostachya M. A. Curtis. Stem 1-2 m. tall: leaflets numerous; blades
elliptie, bue d broadly so, 0.9—1.8 cm. long, rounded at both en nds, dotted with
dark ae nds: racemes one or E 9-20 em. long, nearly glabrous: ar a
abou long; lobes ciliate, the two upper delto id, the lower subulate
id standard purple : po 5m m. long, rounded on the ventral edge, caris
straight o e dorsal, marked with 3 numerous large dark glands. [A. glabra
F. E. Da not t De esf. A. caroliniana Rydb. not Croom. ]—Stream-banks,
nm and dry ridges, various Sade Fla. to Okla., N. D., and Ky.—Sp
su
6. A. Dewinkeleri Small Stem 1.5-2.5 m. tall: leaflets numerous; blades
elliptic or nearly so, sometimes narrowly so, 1.5-2.5 em. long, usually emargi-
| a the apex, with s os d -dots: racemes mostly solitary, 1-1.5
g, glabrous: ae out 4 long; lobes ciliolate, the two upper
hal- a the lower deltoid: e dark- -purple: pod about 6 mm.
44
690 FABACEAE
long, rounded on the ventral suture, nearly straight on the dorsal, marked with
rather numerous small dark glands. .—Pinelands, hammocks, and prairies, S W
E . Fla.—Spr.
A. crenulata Rydb. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall, glabrous: leaflets 25-33; blades
elliptic to ein pes dus 1.5-3.5 em. long, acute, at least at the base, glandular
abou
n ie: dd loosely qun 9— 20 c m. long: calyx
long, t phu lobes ria -ovate, sania the three an ae
late A subulate -tipped: standard cuneate-spatulate, about mm. long, white:
pod 6-7 mm. long, nearly straight on the dorsal suture, conspicuously glandu-
lar-dotted Ghee id middle.—Pinelands and edges of hammocks, Everglade
Keys, Fla.—Spr.-
.8. A. Curtissii ned Stem 1-3 m. tall, glabrous: leaflets 11-21; blades
elliptic or ovate, 1.8-4.5 em. long, rounded and mucronate at the apex, reticu-
Be minutely pu eee beneath: racemes clustered, 5-15 em. long:
calyx 3.0-4 mm. long, the two upper lobes lagen e Ns lower lobes
triangula, acute: standard broadly obovate, about 5 mm. long, purplish-blue:
pod 7-8 mm. long, nearly straight on the dors al ide, conspiousuly AP
dotted. — River- banks and low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. . C.?—Sum
‘ alt. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, a n hie 11-37;
blades bs i Eid pum 0. a 1.6 cm ong, obtu es clustered.
—30 long: about 4 mm. lon ng, t eee E broader and
shorter 1 than fie aul e lower ones: y andard pou spatulate, 4—5 mm. long,
arying from violet- nue to ed pod 4-5 mm. long, strongly curved on the
ventral and nearly straight on the dorsal suture, marked with numerous small
dark glands.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Sum.
10. A. d d Stem about 1 T tall, sparingly : short-villous: leaflets
27-41; blades elliptic or linear-elliptie, 0.9-2 c Aras unded at both ends,
strongly Budd. eonspieuously glandular dotted ben T racemes clustered,
—15 em. long: e alyx a about 3 mm. long, the Fuit 0 upper lobes broadly triangular,
j Ai
spatulate, 4 mm. long, li ight-purple or 1 ede pod 4-5 mm. long, strongly
curved on both sutures, marked with few large iens .—Sandy pinelands and
Monk hammocks, N Fla.—Spr.-sum.
ta Small. Stem 1-2 m. tall: leaflets 11-19; blades elliptic,
elliptic- A or ovate, 2—5 cm. long, ecd smooth y sparsely Pic o
beneath: racemes one or several, 8—15 long: ealyx a long,
spa re pube ent; lobes pee hue re er catered a 6 mm
long, abruptly narrowed at the base, purple: pod 6-7 mm. E, rounded
on the ventral edge, nearly straight on the dorsal, dark-brown, ked with
small glands.—(MoumTAIN-INDIGO.)—Dry woods, Coastal Plain to wees
ian je N pen. Fla. to Ala. and Tenn.—Sum
12. A. ii Rydb. Stem 1-2 m. ee ns or glabrous in age: leaflets
15-25; blades elliptic to oval, 2.5-6 em. long, rounded or retuse at the apex
RA pubescent beneath: racemes usually few ae 18-20 em. long: calyx
abou ong, the two upper lobes short, rounded, the three lower tri-
piss acu e standard purple: pod 6-7 mm. long, straight on the dorsal
suture, inconspicuously glandular- punetate.—Banks of the a
River, Fla.—Sum.
13. A. tennesseensis Shuttlw. Stem 1.5-6 m. tall: leaflets 13-35; blades
a to elliptic-ovate, 0. 5-2 pa Add racemes mostly clustered, 7—15 em.
long: calyx about 3 mm. long, the two upper lobes rounded, the three lower
ones triangular, acute, vd ue a a little iid cs the others: standard
obovate, narrowed into a claw-like base, about 4.5 mm. long, purple: pod 6-8
m. long, slightly mde) marked with many ji glands.— (TENNESSEE-
FABACEAE 691
INDIGO.)—Banks of streams, various provinces, rarely E of Blue Ridge, Ga. to
La., Mo., and N. C.—Spr.
. A. fruticosa L. Stem 1.5-6 m. tall: leaflets 11-25; blades Pr d
ovate, oval, or elliptie, 154 em. long: racemes usually clustered, 7—15
long: ealyx about 3.5 mm. lon ng, the two upper lobes rounded, the en
lower ones tria god acute, the middle one a little oe tees the others:
standard round-obovate, emarginate, dd dd e base, about 6
mm. long, purple: a 7-8 mm. long, usually n ae conspicuously
marked with large amber-colored, ne E nds, —(1 NDIGO-BUSH. )— Swamps
and MS iare f. in caleareous regions, various provinces, Fla. to La.,
and, Conn.—Sum
15. M croceolanata Wats. Stem 1-2 m. tall, or rarely more, densely pubes-
cent with orange-colored hairs: pu pet blades elliptic a meee
elliptic, 1.8-5 em. long, ro ounded at each end, ome etimes m he apex
softly ee i yellowish or srt ied hairs, E PP pium young:
racemes iil 2-4 together, 7-18 e long: calyx 3.5—4 em. long, the two
upper lobes short and rounded, the Po Jower lobes triangular, aeute: stand-
id broadly ules -cuneate, 4-6 mm. long, retuse, blue: pod 7-9 mm. long,
r less curved o Rs dorsal suture, conspicuously glandular- -dotted.—
np. -banks, Borders of lakes, hammocks, and low woods, Coa stal Plain, Fla.
to La. and Ga.—Spr.—sum.—Rarely grows as a small tree in pen. Fla.
16. CULLEN Medic. Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes partly
woody at the base. Leaflets 1 or 3 : blades —— toothed, glandular-dotted.
Spikes axillary, cu MAE Calyx maui -pun
tate: tube campanulate: lobes 5, the lowest Pi
the longest. Corolla ay longer than the
aly wings about equalling the standard. Pod
short, glandular-warty, the short erect beak per-
sistent.—Three species, natives of the Old World.
C. americanum (L.) R ydb. Stem 6-12 dm.
us pubescent: leaflets 3 blades oir
or rhombic- iia in outline, crenate, 3.0
m. long: upper
lower lobe conspicuously longer and broader than
the lateral ones: corolla mainly white; standard 4-5.5 mm. long, the blade
obovate, purple- spotted at the apex: pod elliptic or ovate, about 3 mm. long.
[Psora lea americana L. ]—Waste-places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. Nat. of
Madeira and Bun — The species name was given through error.
17. ASPHALTHIUM Medic. Perennial glandular-dotted herbs. Leaf-
lets 3: blades rather narrow, entire. Spikes head- —Á— long- — Calyx
obscurely glandular-punctate: tube campanulate
lobes narrow, the lower one longer than the RA
Corolla about twice as long as the calyx: win
shorter ang the standard. Pods not conspicuously
warty, the long flat beak ultimately deciduous.—
About 3 species, natives of Eurasia.
A. bituminosum (L.) ntze Stem 4-11
din. tall, sometimes M b. a strigose: leaflets
m. long, blades lanceolate, veined, ac iid
15-25 em. long: calyx Wer NM doe
p lanceolate, the E one much longer m ps tube: inam lilae or pink,
692 FABACEAE
and the keel usually pe tipped; standard 12-17 mm. long, the blade nar-
rowly obovate: pod 12-14 mm. long, lanceolate in outline. [Psoralea bitumi-
nosum L.]—Waste-places, xol Plain, Fla. to La. Nat. of O. W.—Sum.-
18. ORBEXILUM c Perennial herbs with gale or fusiform roots,
rarely woody at the base. aflets r3o ely 5: blades entire. Spikes
or racemes ur peduneled. ridi nci vindi. -dotted: tube campanulate:
lobes narrow or broad, the lower one often the longest. Corolla longer than
the ealyx, mostly blue or purple: standard with a broad blade: wings longer’
than the standard. Pod short, not included, cross-wrinkled, the beak in-
eurved.—Hight species, North tenn
Pod dne ovoid: plants with rootstocks: blades of the leaflets of the upper
leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate. I. MACROPHYLLA.
dics D plants with fusiform roots: blades of the lea
S of the upper iu ues linear to near A A cdi
on unti. elliptic II. VIRGATA.
I. MACROPHY
Blades of the leaflets rounded at the base: inc endis 6-7 long.
. 0. Onobrychis.
Blades of the leaflets cordate or truncate at the base: wing-
petals 8-9 mm. long.
II. VIRGATA
Leaves mostly 1-foliolate. . O. virgatum.
Leaves 3-foliolate
Bracts lanceolate: corolla 7—9 mm.
Bracts broadly ovate: corolla 4-6 m ng.
Calyx obscurely flange dotted ape lobes lance-
mm.
1
2. O. macrophyllum.
3
4
. O. simples.
olate, longer than the tube. 5. O. pedunculatum.
Calyx conspicuously glandular- dotted; upper deltoid,
Shorter than the tube. 6. O. gracile.
1. O. Onobrychis (Nutt.) Rydb. Plant 9-20 dm. tall: leaflets 3; blades
ovate to ovate- LOCO REB, 3-12 em. long: calyx-lobes ovate or deltoid, obtuse,
shorter than the tube: stan ^s ard 3-4 mm
long: ovary glabrous: pod 8-10 mm. lo ong,
| e E. reticulate. — ond Ono-
brychis Nutt.]—Along streams, interior
provinces, Tenn. to Mo. and Ohio.—Sum
2. O. macrophyllum (Rowlee) Rydb. Plant
9-9 dm. tall: leaflets 3; blades broadly
ovate, 6-10 em. long: cal yx-lobes lanceolate,
— [Psoralea macrophylla | Kowlee]—
Woods, s Tryon Mt. in the Blue Ridge, N. C.
—Spr
virgatum (Nutt.) Rydb. Plant 3
dm . tall, a leaflets mostly 1; blado a often narrowly so, o
lower ones elliptie or ovate- E ic, 5— 8 em. lon : lateral ealyx-lobes lanceolate
to elliptic. -lanceolate, acu pad lo wer lobe Si ightly longer and
corolla purplish; stan da rd m. long, the blade broadly cune Es E
about 4 mm. long, much ind the calyx, the minute beak 2 [Po oralea
virgata Nuit. ]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.-
4, O. simplex (Nutt. Rydb. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, Pan AE Rs
3; blades linear-lanceolate to linear or narrowly linear-ellipti
lateral ealyx-lobes ovate, acute; lower lobe longer Ed bro ader rt ay a purple;
standard 7-9 mm. long, the blade broadly RUE inequilateral: pod about
FABACEAE 693
mm. long, about equalling the calyx, the minute beak eccentric. [Psoralea
a Nutt.|—Moist woods and Ene Coastal Plain and rarely adj.
provinces, Ala. to Tex. and Okla.—Sum
5. O. pedunculatum (Mill) Rydb. Plant 3-8 ep tall: leaflets 3; blades
lanceolate to narrowly ee or oge of the lower ones obovate, oval, elliptic,
or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-7 cm. calyx i [iren upper lobes lanceo-
late, longer than the tube: corolla purplish standard 5-7 m m. long, the blade
ovate, rounded: pod about 4 m ong, less than twice as ions as the calyx.
[Psoralea pedunculata Vail]__Conao. a. SAMPSON'S Pied i y
Ww Dons various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Ind., and Va.—Spr.—
O. gracile (Chapm.) Rydb. Plant 2-7 dm. tall: leaflets 3; blades lanceo-
we to oie TE or some of the lower ones narrowl ellipt ic or broad-
ened upward, 1.5—5 e . lon ng: nee ~ a SA upper dias deltoid or
triangular-ovate, sho ie Tan a pu rola pu s ipe ard 4—5 mm.
long; blade suborbieular: pod a mm. long, m s wice as dons as
the calyx, we oralea gracilis on ]—Pinelands, "Constal Plain, Fla., and
Ga.—Spr.—
19. RHYTIDOMENE Rydb. Perennial herbs with rootstocks and gland-
dotted foliage. Leaflets 5 or 7: blades very slender. Racemes axillary, long-
peduncled, lax. Calyx with 5 lobes, all broad
except the lower one. Corolla blue or violet,
longer than the calyx: standard with a very
broad blade: v pa slightly longer than the
eee rd. Pod crescent-shaped, exserted,
mewhat "ON pos cross-wrinkled,
i beaked.—One species.
cA pi Rydb. Plant
1. R.
2-6 dm. tall, glabrous or obscurely pubes-
cent about the span ee leaflets 5-7;
, 9-8 em. 1
blades linear-filiform, 3 E ong e
nU deltoid; lower one laneeolate,
twiee as long as the VAR standard um
mm. s the blade suborbieular: pod abou
10 mm. long. Pria Lupinelius. Mich ]—Sandhils and dry pinelands,
Coastal Plain, C Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-s
20. PEDIOMELUM Rydb. Perennial herbs with deep-seated tuberous
roots. Leaflets 3-7, digitate: blades dp punctate. Spikes or racemes
dense, peduncled. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped: e campanulate, gibbous a p
base on the upper side: lobes 5, the lower one the longest: corolla blue
purple, longer than the calyx: Sante with a broad blade: wings much ius
than the standard. Pod exserted from the s the body broad, compressed,
beaked.—About 22 species, North America
Stem erect, elongate, with alternate branches: blades of the xc broad: standard
with a pair of callo us spurs at the base of the blade:
glabrous. 1. P.canescens.
Stem very short, a e caudex on which the leaves and flower-
s are Ane e “blades of the leaflets narrow: standard
ithout spurs: pod strigos 9. P. subacaulis.
1. P. canescens (Michx.) Rydb. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, bushy- nd canes-
cent: leaflets 1 or 3; blades obovate or oval to suborbicular, 1.5-6 em. long:
694 FABACEAE
upper irn B D or elliptic-lanee-
the
olate, acu ; lower lobe longer than
others, pen doner. Pus the tube: eorolla
blue, E greenish; standar a mm.
long, the blade obovate: pod 9— me long;
i-i EL [ Psoralea canescens "Michx. ]
Dry pineland d oak pns Coastal
Plain, C Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Spr.-sum.
2. P. subacaulis d & G.) oa Plant
1-2 dm. tall, hirs leaflets 5-7; blade
narrowly elliptic or "elliptie- SUL Uo to
obovate-elliptic, 1.5-3 mm. long: upper
calyx-lo
ube rolla blue or le; standard 12-
15 mm. long, the blade narrowly obovate: pod 8-9 mm. long; body not reticu-
late. [Psoralea subacau ad T. & G.]— rus ud prid us. cedar glades, in the
Interior Low Plateau, Tenn.—Spr.—tThe plants of canescens have the habit
of species of Baptisia; a of P. 22008 that of E e of Lupinus.
21. PAROSELA Cav. Shrubs or herbs. Leaflets numerous, few or
Spikes slender or stout. Ca alyx nearly regular or the lower lobe elongato
Petals purple or yellow, or white. Standard with a broad, often cordate blade.
ings and keel-petals with broad blades auricled on side. Filaments
united nearly to the top. Pod oblique, mostly NM in ve ealyx.—About
150 species, American.
Plant annual: calyx-lobes shorter than the tube. 1. P. alopecuroides.
Plant perennial: calyx-lobes longer than the tube.
Herb with a tap-root: spikes elongate: blades ‘of the leaf-
lets narrow: calyx plumose at maturity. . P. enneandra.
Shrub: spikes short m Es k: blades of the leaflets
broad: calyx not plum . P. floridana.
P. alopecuroides (Willd ; Rydb. Plant 2-10 dm. tall: leaflets 15—41;
Medi id cuneate, or bei late, 3-8 mm. long: spikes continuous:
bra to lanceolate: ealyx-lo obes
shorter than ‘the tube: corolla "white, ICM
ith r r lilae; standard 5-6 m ong,
the blade ae ae than D» ue er
obovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long. [Dalea docs
M and waste- e various provinces,
Ala. to N. M., S. and Ill.—Spr.-fall.
2. P. enneandra vut) Britton. Plant
3-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaflet
blades linear- -elliptic to cuneate- o
late, 5-10 long: bracts suborbicular,
ee glandular: calyx-lobes long-hairy:
rolla whit a ndard 6-7 mm. long, the
blade ober Cn . wide: beu 9: pod about 3 mm. long, longer than wide.
alea He Nutt.]—Prairies and stony hills, various provinces, Miss.
to N. M., N. D., and La.—Spr.-sum
P. floridana Rydb. Plant 8-30 dm. tall, velvety-pubescent: leaflets 13- n
blades oval, elliptic, obovate, or cuneate, 4-8 mm. long, or rarely longer
FABACEAE 695
braets ie sparingly glandular: ealyx-lobes seen hairy: corolla white or
ye oy wish, or pin E deeper; disnei: 4—5 mm. lon ng, the blade po 3
wide: stamens FOE about 2 mm. long, as w wide s long. [P. domin-
gensis dis Lv S.)]— EE and adj. pinelands, Everglade Keys, pen.
22. TALOSTEMON Miehx. Herbs. Leaflets few or numerous. Spikes
dense. rus -lobes broad, or broad at the base. Standard with a short broad
blade. Filaments united to above the middle. Pod short, Poi included in
the calyx.—About 50 species, North Ameriean.—Some of the species are very
showy when in flower and are frequently to be seen in gardens.
Calyx glabrous, or the lobes merely ciliate.
Cauline leaves with 3-11 leaflets.
Sn rd-blade elliptie to orbicular : calyx not strongly
e I. CARNEI.
Standard: blade cordate or reniform: calyx strongly 10-
ribbe II. CANDIDI.
leaves with 11-37 leaflets. IIl. FOLIOSI.
Calyx densely pubescent, at least on the angles and the lobes. IV. PURPUREI.
l I. CARNEI
Spikes ellipsoid or cylindric: bracts nearly or quite as long as the
hite.
m and elongate branches decumbent : leaves remote,
clu Aa shorter than the internodes: spikes Ra .
ously bracted, the bracts about equalling the LL 1. P. gracilis.
Stem and branches erect or ascending: leaves more n
ous, usually equalling the internodes, with CIUS B Bet
ondary ones in their axils: spikes conspicuously bracted,
bs o exceeding the calyces.
Corolla ros ep-pink.
Spikes oe bracts much shorter than the calyx.
P. albidus.
P. carneus.
P. Feayi.
PHN
IT.
Conspicuously leafy plant, with narrowly cylindric spikes, the
main one Qm elongate, the bracts with dilated bodies and
slender tip 5. P. candidus.
III. Fou
Copiously leafy plant, with stout cclindvic PT the bracts
slightly B Ded above the stipe-like base and terminated by
caudate 6. P. foliosus.
IV. PUR
Calyx appressed-pubescent : spikes compact pere with narrow
bases and pubescent acuminate 7. P. purpureus.
CRI loosely pubescent: spikes not Compact: bracts with broad
ases and caudate pubescent “tip . P. Gattingeri.
. P. gracilis Nutt. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: 2e = 7; blades linear or linear-
elliptic, or rarely elliptic-oblanceolate, 6--1 ong: ea HUN: acute, about
14 ] s the tube: standard about a
mm. long; blad bovate te
id s acis or nearly so: pod less
long, glabrous. LO pine-
jands, cud Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Spr.-
2. P. albidus (T. & G.) Small Plant 6—10
dm. tall: leaflets 5—7; blades elliptie to
oblanceola te, 4-8 mm. "long, acute: calyx-
e:
eo
orbieular- dcl pec gynoecium Pid
cent: pod over 2 long, pubescent.
Dry sand. and pinelands Coastal Plain, Fla.,
Ala. and Ga.—Sum
696 FABACEAE
P. carneus Michx. Plant 3-10 dm. tall: leaflets i Pind o E
slip or linear-oblanceolate, 5-10 mm. long: calyx ong: corolla
rose or deep- ‘standard about 4 mm. long; Di tA en Or spe Aare
Soc pubes : pod curved, about 3 mm. long, aera beyond the calyx-
tube, pubescent a E apex. [P. roseum Nutt, ees scrub, and sand-
mE Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga.—Spr.—
P. Feayi Chapm. Plant n 9 dm. tall: rd iu 3-11; blades linear,
but I. involute, 8—18 m ped ene 3.5 . long: corolla deep- pink
or lavender: standard os 4mm long; blado qoem ovate: gynoecium
glabrous: pod straight, a long, exserted beyond the calyx- Dem
hdd iui pinelands eu is Coastal Plain, C pen. Fla. and S Ga.
Spr.-
5. P. candidus (Willd.) Michx. Plant 3-7 dm. tall: leaflets 7-9; pun Pin
elliptie, HA or obovate-oblaneeolate, 9-30 mm. long: low alyx-
lobes more than 144 as long as the tube: sta s rd 4—5 mm. long; SRM sub-
dee or orbiclar bei cordate at ba nie ee sparingly
p ent: pod curved, 2-2.5 mm. long, s spar uh pubes —( W HITE-PRAIRIE-
ER. WHITE Menus )—Dry soil, prairies, various E Miss. to Tex
Sask., and Ind.—Sum
6. P. foliosus A. Gray. Plant 3-9 dm. tall: leaflets 22 us elliptic to
e ud -oblanceolate, 3-11 mm. long: calyx about 4 m ong; s lanceolate
angular-la nceolate, acute: corolla rose- p S MEME. 200 mm. long;
blade Paoi Or ovate- orbicular: gynoecium glabrous: pod straight, 2
mm. long, turgid on the u upper side, EAD doe -—River banks, Interior Low
Plateau, denn. to Ill.—Sum
7*. P. purpureus (Vent.) Rydb. Plant 3-9 dm. tall: bris 3—5; blades nar-
rowly linear or slightly broadened upward, 8-20 mm. long: calyx about 4
mm. long; lobes triangular to l a, slightly A corolla violet
or rose-purple: standard 5—6 mm. long; bl ade orbicular- reniform: edis
minutely pubescent: pod nearly as wide as long, 2-2. g, minutely
pubescent.— ( PURPLE- ms n e plains, and hills, various touc
Ala, to N. M., Sask., and Tenn.—Sum
8. P. Gattingeri Heller. Plant 2-5 dm. tall: peor 5—7; blades nm
linear to linear-elliptic, 9-20 mm. long: calyx nearly 4 mm. long, villou
pilose; broader lobes triangular, acute, RA er ones Vin dn corolla i.
purple; blade of the ode orbieular- reniform: gynoecium n P rad
y od ov Ge about 2.5 mm. long, pilose. [P. d ncn (Ch Fl.)]—
Roc calcareous Bo "pu -glades, and grassy hillsides, peer al Low
ees Ala. and Tenn.—Spr.-sum.
23. KUHNISTERA Lam. Perennial herbs. Leaflets few or several.
Spikes mostly depressed-corymbose, resembling heads of Carduaceae. Flowers
white. Calyx Pun setaceous. Standard with a narrow tapering eae Fila-
ments united to bel he middle. Pod as in Petalostemon.—Three species.—
Sum.—fall.—The fr NA heads, persistent into the winter, are gray as a result
of the copiously pubescent calyx-lobes.
Blades of px td linear-clavate to filiform, acute: involucres
6-7 mm. 1. K. pinnata.
Blades d the eaflets elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate or obovate,
or sometimes spatulate, obtuse: involueres narrowly 9— 11
a “hi h.
Inner bracts of the involucre elliptie or elliptic-oblanceolate,
mucronate, copiously ciliate. 2. K. truncata.
Inner bracts of the involucre lanceolate, acuminate, sparingly
ciliate. 9. K. adenopoda.
FABACEAE 697
1. pinnata (Walt.) Kuntz. Plant 3-12 dm. tall: leaflets 3-7; blades
linear-clavate to filiform, finely glandular-dotted, 5-12 mm. long: spikes usu-
ally seve : bracts iate, the
1
orm-setaceous, much longer than
th , plumose: standard 6-8 long;
blade lanceolate: pod abou mm. long.
Don corymbosus hx. P.
corymbosus irifoliatus Cha —(SUMMER-
apm. |
FAREWELL.)—Dry pinelands and sandhills,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
runcata Small. Plant 7-10 dm. t
ptic-obova vate, beris
glandular-dotted, 9-6 mm. long few
invol 11 mm. thick; bracts copiou
bids elliptic Cnt pod 2.5 m PNE ps —Pinelands and scrub, E pen. Fla.
^K. adenopoda (B. L. d Rydb. Plant 5-10 dm. tall: leaflets mostly
5; blades elliptic to obovate, 4-10 mm. long, eoa en eic 4—10
: heads few: i m. t
m ; braets S
inner lanceolate, 7-8 mm. long, Serre standard- blade alliptie: pod 2.5 m
long.—Pin elands, Tampa Bay region, Fla.
24. INDIGOFERA L. Herbs or aoe “woody plants. Leaflets several
alyx-
tropical regions.—INDIGO-PLANTS
Plant perennial.
Calyx dess than half the Ld of the corolla; lobes lanceolate to deltoid, not ex-
eeding the tube in len
Pod ellipsoid or ovoid, e seeds 2 or 3. I. DISPERMAE.
Pod linear, curved or straight: seeds 3—12. II. TINCTORIAE.
Calyx more orn half the length of the corolla: lobes subu-
se subulate-tipped, twice as long as the tube or
Leaflets manifestly petioluled ; blades rounded at the
pase III. MUCRONATAE.
Leaflets subsessile ; blades acute at the base. IV. LEPTOSEPALAE.
Plant annual. V. PARVIFLORAE.
I. DISPE
Tall slenderly branched herb with numerous thin leafiets and lax
acemes. 1. I. caroliniana.
II. TINCTORIAE
Standard mostly between 4 and 5 mm. long: pod stout-linear,
strongly curved, less than 2 em. long. 29. I. suffruticosa.
Standard mostly between 5 and 6 mm. long: pod slender-linear,
straight or slightly E. over 2 em. long. 8. I. tinctoria.
III. MUCRONATAE
Diffuse plant, the several stems spreading from the tap root:
racemes elongate: pods deflexed. 4. I. keyensis.
IV. LEPTOSEPALAE
Racemes many-flowered: keel 9-11 mm. long: pod with a uuo
slender beak. 5. I. leptosepala.
698 FABACEAE
Racemes few-flowered: keel 4-6 mm. long: pod with a short, uu
Stout beak. 6. I. miniata.
V. PARVIFLO
Herb with virgate branches, and small cluster-like axillary ra- .
cemes : pods deflexed, curved at the beak. T. I. parviflora.
I. caroliniana Mill. Stem erect, 0.5-2 m. tall: leaflets 9— 15; blades elliptie,
oval, euneate, obovate, or oblanceolate: calyx 1-1.5 mm . long; lobes deltoid:
corolla yellowi ish-brown ; : andard 5-65 A
mm. lon : pod 5-1
ng.—Dry sandy pinelands and serub,
od Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Spr.-
fall.
2. I. suffruticosa Mill. Stem erect 0.5-2
m. tall: leaflets 7-15; blades PUN dd
lanceolate, or obovate: calyx 1.5-2
long; lobes deltoid to eee e ae Janceolate; g
corolla orange; standard 4-5 lon ng; £i.
wing often slightly longer: pod iene I-L55p i
em. long. [I. Anil L.]—Pin nelands, cult.-|2- vin
grounds, and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex. and N. C. Nat at. of Asia.— (TF. I;
S. A. )—Sum. —fall, or all year.
a : tinctoria L. Pire d 1-2 m. tall: leaflets 7—15; blades elliptie, oval,
vate: calyx 1.5- m. long; ee deltoid to tria angular-lanceolate:
sorella a -yellow; standard 9-6 mm. long; wings about the same length:
pod lin 5-3 em. m )—Cult. grounds and waste-plaees, vari-
ous o S, s, Fla. to a .C. Nat. of S hee ——Extensively cult. by the
soie] PATRE in e ud Ga., and Fla., for making indigo.—(W. I.)—
Sum.-fal ll
4. I. keyensis Small Stem decumbent, 3-9 dm. long: leaflets 7—9; blades
elliptic-obovate to cuneate: seks 2-3 mm. long; lobes Va corolla enr
standard 3-4 mm. long, very broad; wings mostly 3-4 mm. long: pod linea
3-3.5 m. long. [I. subulata CPI. SE. U. 8)]— WE ies. upper Florida
Keys.—All year.
5. I. leptosepala Nutt. Stem ee 3-10 dm. long: leaflets 7-9; blades
elliptic-obovate to cuneate: calyx ae long ; lobes subulate: corolla
age standard 8—10 mm. long ; en mostly 7-8 mm. long: pod linear, 3-3.5
long.—Dry soil, per and Dn ed Plain and adj. provinces,
N Fla. to Tex., Kans. and Ga.—(Mez.) —Sum.-fall.
6. I. mi iniata Ortega. Stems several or pen from a tough root, prostrate:
leaflets 5-9; blades linear-elliptic to narr wly oblanceolate: calyx 3-5 mm.
long; lobes’ subulate or lanceolate- fabu o: corolla red; st rd 7-8 mm
0 > usuall j i
cm. long.—Pinelands and sandy places, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla., and Florida
Keys. Introd. into Coastal Plain of other Gulf States — (V. L, AMez.)—A1
ar.
7. I. parviflora Heyne. Annual: in 3-12 dm. tall: leaflets 7-9; blades
linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 1-2 em. lon ng, acute at bo 2 nien calyx 2-2. :
mm. long; lobes subulate: corolla lilac; standard 3—4 ong; wings abou
as long: pod narrowly linear, 2.5—4 cm. long, slightly d at the a bend
acute beak.—Waste-places and oe ‘Coastal Plain, Ala. Nat. of E. L—
Spr.—fall.
FABACEAE 699
25. KRAUNHIA Raf. Woody vines. Leaflets several: blades entire.
Flowers borne in drooping racemes or panicles. Calyx 2-lipped. Corolla blue,
violet, purple, or white: standard clawed, the broad blade with 2 appendages
at the base. Wings and keel-petals with long slender aurieles at the base an nd
slender claws. Pod turgid, torulose. [Bradleia Adans. Wisteria Nutt.]—
About 5 species, North American and Asiatic.—Spr.—WISTERIAS.
Leaflets 4-7 pairs: calyx tubular-campanulate ; blade of the RERO with a long
ips der spur: flowers on short stout pedicels : ovary glabrou
Calyx 8-10 mm. long; ad dope shorter than the tube: lower r spur of the wings
och shorter than mee W. frutescens.
Calyx 11-14 mm. long; 1 c lobe as long as the tube or
longer: bemus spur of the wings about as long as the claw. 2. K. macrostachya.
Leaflets 7—9 pairs: calyx n campanulate: blade of the wing-
petals with a short DE spur: flowers on long slender pedi- .
cels: ovary pubes . K. floribunda.
1. K. cae (L.) Britton. Stem twining: leaves 1-2.5 dm. long; leaflets
1.5-6 em. long, the. blades peri a or narrowly ovate, acute or obtuse
4—12
V
age and the purple flower-elusters is a pig-
arene perfection even Nature rarely
attai
2. K. macrostachya (T. & G.) Small.
. Larger than K. frutescens throughout:
leaves 2-3 dm. long; leaflets 3—7 cm. long,
the blades ovate, often broadly so, rounded
or cordate at the base: racemes slender, B dm. long: standard 19-23 mm.
long: pod 7-14 cm. long, glabrous. [Brad ia macrostachya Small|—(KEN-
TUCKY-WISTERIA.)—Swamps and low a Coastal Plain and occasionally
adj. provinces, La. to Tex., Mo., and Tenn. (or Ind.?)
3. K. floribunda (Willd.) Taub. Stem becoming very large: leaves 2-4 dm.
long; leaflets 5-9 cm. long, the ds es obes tran, to elliptic-ovate, acuminate:
La. and 8. C
NE )—Woods, roadsides, thickets, and abandoned homesteads, Fla. to
26. ROBINIA L. Shrubs or trees, often with stipular spines. Leaflets
several, thin. Flowers racemose. Calyx markedly 2- -lipped, the 2 Ac lobes
op ‘or partially united. Corolla pink or m or white: standard gla-
brous: blades of the wings aurieled on one or both sides: Wes one a
rounded auricle at the base of the blade. E koi. sometimes bristly o
| cup: white: racemes drooping: pod smooth and glabrous, broadly wing-margined
nt eed-bearing suture: Calyx-lobes broad. I. PSEUDO-ACACIAE.
Corolla pink, rose-violet, or rose-purple: racemes erect or
preadi dd pod prickly, ‘hispid or hirsute: calyx-lobes
n8
700 FABACEAE
Racemes with small narrow caducous bracts: branches
and peduncles with op P OnE bristles bearing incon-
Spicuous glands, or with bristle II. HISPIDAE.
Racemes with large acer caudate-acuminate bracts:
branches and peduncles densely beset with sessile or
short-stalked conspicuous glands. III. VISCOSAE.
SEUDO-ACACIAE
Tree with rough bark and moms stipules 1. R. Pseudo-Acacia.
II. Hrs
Branches not bristly: peduncles sometimes with short hairs.
iso of the leaflets oval E elliptic N elliptic-ovate.
nches, peduncles, and lower lenflet-s nies ae gt
ilone. and Son a canescent when l
duncles not p id. 2. R. Elliottii.
PLANE I peduncles, a lower aa eps finely
Shrub no m. tall: ca ces not longer than
e. 3. R. Boyntonii.
xin less than 1 m. tall: calyx-lobes longer than
4. R. nana.
Blades of the leaflets lan dens n elliptic-lanceolate. 5. R. Kelseyi.
Branches and peduncles bristly
Branches with rather few shore glandular bristles. 6. R. longiloba.
Bra aoe usually copiously glandular-bristly with long
Branch: leaf-rachis, and peduncle rather densely or co-
piously pu ubescent.
Blades of the leaflets broadly oval, rounded at the
ex. T. R. grandiflora.
Blades a leafiets ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute
Blades of the leaflets permanently villous be-
nea 8. R. speciosa.
Mo of the leaflets glabrate on both sides or
ringly pubescent beneat 9. R. pallida.
Dr teaf-rachis, and peduncle merely hispid or with
a few ard hai
Blodos p. the leaflets oval, elliptic-oval, or sub-
o ar, rounded at
Branches with bristles 1-2 mm. long: stipular
spines usually present: pod Rue 10. R. pedunculata.
Branches with bristles 3-5 m long: stipular
spines usually Ens. odit glandular. 11. R. hispida.
Blades of the leaflets lanceolate or ovate, acute. 12. R. fertilis.
peduncles ee subsessile glands, not densely puber BIGHE 13. R. viscosa.
peduncles with stal ked glands and also densely puberulent. 14. R. Hartwigii.
1. R. Pseudo-Acacia L. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, with furrowed bark:
stipular-spines ER e, n stout: — 9-19 ; blades elliptic, oval, or
ubescent
—BSpr.—The wood.
hard and very durable in a with the
soil—Although naturally a moist cli-
mate, this is used as a shade tree in dion regions.
FABACEAE 701
2. R. Elliottii (Chapm.) Ashe. Shrub up to 2 m. tall, with virgate stem and
short branches m e: stipular- -spines stout: leaflets 9— 15; blades d a to
e 1. puts long, villous-canescent beneath when yo ung: s 5-10
ong: Te "villous. -canescent and often with a few bristles; iad lobes
deltoid and subulate-tipped, shorter NS the tube: standard -blade Pis than 2
wide: inear, hispid. [R. hispida Biot Chapm.]—Pinelands and
sandhills, Renae Plain and adj. Piedmont, Ga. t6 Ala. and N. e also in
Md.—Late spr.
3. Ero Ashe. Shrub up to 2 m. tall, with ascending branches: stipu-
a spines a a paragon 9-18 ; blades Merida to elliptie-ovate, mostly
lon
7-9 . lon ng: alyx vd short-stalked glands;
iniri Jobes ovate Es rt-ae nie bas as S dept the tube: standard-blade
us vide, slender-clawed: pod glandular- hispid. —Woods, Blue Ridge
eie. Plateau, Ga. and Peu to Tenn. and N. E —Spr.—Hy-
ies with E. Pseudo-Acacia =x R. albic
4. R. nana (Ell) Spach. Shrub 2-3 dm. tall, with slightly branched stems:
bus iun short or obsolete: leaflets 7—11, or rarely 13; blades elliptie or
—4 em. lon few
nearly so, em. long: racemes ug -flowered: ea lyx pilose or spar-
ingly hispid; lateral lobes narrowly t a caudate-acuminate,
fully as long as the tube: standard- blade fully 2.5 em. wide.—Sandy ridges
and banks, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, S. C. and N. CS r
5. Kelseyi Cowell. Shrub 1-3 m. tall, with spreading stems: stipular
spines P dps 9—13; ee narrowly ae - een or r elliptic
lanceolate, long, gla abro 8-fiowered : few
hanes ‘hort Sd glands; Eo does. deltoid ‘and ne potus pr
e tube: standard-blade less than 1.5 em. wide: pods broadly linear or
linear- oA 4—6 cm. long, very densely E bristly. —Woods, Blue Ridge,
N Spr.
6. R. longiloba Ashe. Shrub 4-6 dm. tall, the branches pubescent with curved
hairs d short-stalked iet PR ecd rog short or obsolete: leaflets 7-17 ;
blades oval, ovate, or elliptic, 3.5-5 ¢ ong, silky-canescent beneath: racemes
—21-flowered: calyx with pes dd ee much longer than the tube:
standard-blade fully 2.5 em. wide: pods not seen.—Woods, Blue Ridge and
Piedmont, S. C. and N. C.—Spr.—Suspected of being a hybrid between R.
Boyntonii and R. “grandiflora:
. R. diflora Ash Shrub 1-5 dm. tall the branches appressed-pubes-
cent and glandular-hispia: stipular- das rarely developed: leaflets 7—17;
blades oval, 2-5 em. long, glabrous at maturity or somewhat silky beneath:
racemes i8 fowered: calyx grayish- Sub d or short-villous, and glandu-
Rp lateral lobes ovate and with a long filiform tip, m much longer than
the tube: standard-blade about 3 em. wide: pod narrowly ellipsoid, 6-8 e
long, hispid with s gland-tipped hairs. — Woods, Blue Ridge to pet E
Plateau, Ga. to Ala. and N. C.—Spr.
j R. speciosa Ashe. Shrub mostly 1-2 m. tall, the branches densely puber
lent, sparingly bristly: spines wanting: leaflets x mostly 9-13; blades ovate ta
elliptic -ovate, 3-5 em. long, villous beneath: race s 5-8- flowered: calyx mainly
us-puberulent ; itera pe NA iE moe than the tube: stand-
Mey blade fully 2 cm. wide: pods not seen.—Woods, Blue Ridge, N. C.—
R. pallida Ashe. Shrub up to 2 m. tall, the branches densely puberulent or
glabreie in age, d m hs flets 9— 15; blades ovate or Ds -ovate,
. long, pale and glabrous or sparingly puc scent beneath: racemes
5-9. ee ered: ae Bd abe ent and sparingly bristly; T Wee
broad "em abruptly acuminate: standard-blade about 1.5 cm. wide: pod n
seen.—Blue Ridge, N. C.—Spr.
702 FABACEAE
10. R. pedunculata Ashe. Shrub up to 4 m. tall, the branches puberulent and
with short glandular bristles: dp begs dp often present, subulate, abo x
1 em. long: leaflets 7-13; blades oval, 3—4.5 . long, gla ee or nearly s
raceme 7—12-flowered, glandu pers reve fa Succ and glandular; pie
lobes ovate and Ae acu uminate, about as long as the tube: standard-
©
id.
Blue i com —Spr. ia eres of being a a hybrid between R. hispida Bid
R. Boynt
11. R. MUN L. Shrub up to 2 m. tall with erect E diffuse usually densely
hispid and somewhat pilose branehes: stipular-spines short or wanting: ud
7—13 s arely 15; blades ee dd ovate, or elliptic, mo d 2— e m. long,
glabrous or with se attered h n the veins beneath: s 3—5-flowered:
ealyx hispi id with numerous ae stalked glands; Taterad ‘one p? ud lanceo-
sie iier id about as long as the tube or longer: standard-blade nearly
em. wide s 5-8 cm. long, d hispid.— (Mo acc RosE-
qum CIA.) —Dr ry s lopes, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Ill,
and Va.; escaped from cult. N.—Spr.-early sum .—H ybridizes iem R Pset ido-
a 2m Marga es
12. R. fertilis Ashe. Shrub u up to 1 m. tall, the branches puberulent and
more or less hispid: Mi ipd spines slender, or wanti ing: leaflets Kn 19; blades
lanceolate to ovate, 1.5—4 em. long, glabrous, or spar ingly pubes t bene ath:
oe 3—5-flowered: ion more or less hispid; lateral lobes deltoi id- lanceolate,
10
ec
ate, about as n as the tube: standard-blade nearly 3 e : po
x ps id, 5-6 em. long, densely glandular-hispid — Woods, "Be Ridge,
Ga.? an —Spr.
13. R. viscosa Vent. Shrub or small tree with spreading branches: stipular-
ieri Pri subulate or wanting: leaflets a 27; blades pret oval, or aarrowly
vate,
.5-5 em. lon s 6—15-flowered : ealyx copiously fin ne-pubescent
aaa usually with few stalked | glands lateral bee Die dut -lanceolate, acumi-
"uu about as long as the tube: standard-blade 1.5-2 em. wide: pod ]inear,
4—8 em. long, copiously Eros ‘bri istly.— (CLAMMY-LOCUST. m e
du ROBIN. )—Rocky ic P Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ala. to N. C.
Pa.; escaped from n NE N. A.—Spr.—Hybri s between ue and
R. Pseudo-Acacia eim Bs pe forms, x È. dubia and x R. "pella. rosea.
14. R. Hartwigii Koehne. Shrub up to 3 m. tall, the a a pu-
dpi and with short-stalked glands: stipular- PR mall o rely 2-3.5
. long, leaflets 13-23; blades v ied ir or ovate, 1.5-5 c n ng, villous
n sides or gla abrous above: den ges calyx es -puberulent ;
lateral SD triangular, acute, about as s as tube: standard-blade over
em. : pod linear 6-11 em. pu Wade nd Woods, Blue
Ridge i Pibdmont, Ga. and Ala. to N. C.—Spr.
27. SESBAN Adans. Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs. Leaflets
numerous. HRacemes several-flowered. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, the 5 prominent
lobes nearly equal. Corolla yellow, sometimes with purple dots: standard with
a suborbicular blade: wings nearly straight, short-elawed, with an angle or
idi basal sacle. curved: blades of the keel-petals angled or auricled at
the base, long-clawed. Pod greatly elongate, curve B — About 15 species,
natives of warm and tropical regions.—Sum.-fall.
Standard 2 cm. wide or more: wing-petals with a slender deflexed spur at the eee <
the bl er 1. S. Emer
Standard 1.5 cm. wide or less: wing-petals with a small blunt angle
at the base of the blade. 2. S. ezaltatus.
1. S. Emerus (Aubl) Britton & Wilson. Plant 1-5 m. tall: leaves 7-18 em
long; leaflets 20—50, the blades elliptic, elliptic-cuneate, or broadly linear, 1—3
que —— — EM MUS
with a reflexed auricle at the base of the
5-— 1
FABACEAE 703
em. long, somewhat glaucous bendat calyx
n straight in: es: n t 2 dm. long.
[Sesbania macrocarpa Muhl.]—Moist soil,
waste- S i hammocks, Fla.—(W. L.,
Mex., C. A.)—Ori Liu natural range not
our very vigo ls
known. One of rous annuals.
The woody ror with the naked branches
d d dangling pods persist through
the win
e hd eee (Raf.) Rydb. Plant 1—4
all: leaves 12-30 cm. long; leaflets 30-70;
s blades o -elliptic to m 1-2.5 e
ong, often glaucescent. beneath: cas
nearly similar to that of S. Emerus, but the lobes rather more subulate-tipped:
Ve 1.5 em. long or less: keel 11-13 mm. long, with an angular lobe at the
bas of ss strongly ed blades: nod BU longer than that of the preced-
ing "spec —Low grounds, stream-banks, and fields, Coastal Plain and adj.
pro unc. "Mis ss. to. Tex., Okla., and Mo.
28. AGATI Adans. mue or shrubs, but short-lived. Leaflets numerous.
Racemes 2—4 flowered. Calyx i 2- em but usually with obseure, very
broad lobes. Corolla large, pinkish
standard with an oblong or ovate pos
wings not dd keel-petals merely angu-
lar at the base of the blade. Pod greatly
elongate, straight or nearly so.—One species.
1. A. gra genres (L.) Desv. Shrub or
small tree: leaves 1-3 dm. long; leaflets
m
standard 6-10 long, the blade ovate
pod elongate-linear, 2-4 dm. = -
TRALIAN CORKWOOD-TREE.)—Hammocks and
cult. grounds, Key West, Fla. Nat of
East Indies.— (W. I.)—Spr.-s
29. GLOTTIDIUM Desv. Herbs, but often woody-stemmed. Leaflets
numerous. Racemes several- flowered. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, the 5 lobes
rple:
keel-petals more or less angular at the base
the blade. Pod short, wingless.—One
species.
1. G. vesicarium (Jacq.) Harper. Plant
1—4 m. tall, annual but rather nA leaf-
lets 24-52; blades elliptic, 1.5-4 em. long,
mucronate: ealyx-lobes shorter ma the
tube: corolla ye dd iss re. in
. vesicari ade o
vesicaria DC.]—(BLADDER-POD.)—Riech damp
104 FABACEAE
soil and waste-places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—Su TE
introduced.— n ir y —A very vigorous annual. The firm woody stems, some-
tim arge colonies, with the bladdery pods dangling from Ta.
PE o eae the winter.
30. DAUBENTONIA DC. Shrubs or trees. Leaflets numerous. Race
several-flowered. Calyx minutely 5-lobed and scarcely 2-lipped. Corolla s
to crimson and vermilion: standard with an orbicular-reniform blade: wings
and keel-petals not auricled. Pod relatively long, the body winged.—About 5
species, mostly American.
Calyx-lobes acute: corolla yellow : keel- petals with the blades abruptly narrowed into
the claw : pod long-stipitate. 1. D. Drummondii.
Calyx-lobes, except the lower one, obtuse: corolla deep-rose to
crimson: keel-petals with the blades tapering into the claw:
pod short-stipitate. 2. D. punicea.
D. Drummondii Rydb. Shrub: leaflets 12-60; blades narrowly elliptie to
s -elliptic, 1-2.5 em. long, mucronate: calyx x-lobes acute: racemes loosely
flowered, ao slender: standar ica de 15-
nd
Coastal Leth ES to Tex.—(Mez.)—Spr.—-
. D. punicea (Cav.) DC. Shrub or small
tree: leaflets 12-40: blades linear-elliptie,
ud the stipe Bun than 1 cm. lo
[.Sesb a punicea th.]— ( PURPLE- -SESBAN. )—Waste-places, roadsides, and
eee Sine Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. Nat. of trop. Am.—(S. A.)—Spr.—fall.
31. CRACCA L. Perennial hd -rooted herbs or woody plants. Leaflets
several or many, thick. Flowers in racemes or spike-like panicles. Calyx
somewhat 2-lipped, the upper e usually pora than the others and
partialy united. Corolla pink, purple, or red, or white: standard pubescent:
wings aurieled on one side at the base of the blade: keel- aa usually with
an angular auricle. Pod flat or flattish. [Tephrosia Pers. OARY-PEAS.
About 130 species, natives of warm and tropical regions.—Sum. or spr.—fall S.
Stem monopodial: panicles terminal and m not opposite the leaves.
Leaflets 11—37 ; blades of an elliptic tpye I. VIBGINIANAE.
Leaflets 3-11; blades of an obovate type. II. RUGELIANAE.
Stem sympodial : panicles theoretically terminal, but appar-
ently opposite the leaves, by the development of a
etioles very short, 3 mm. long or less. III. CHRYSOPHYLLAE.
Petioles longer, 5 mm. long or more.
Corolla more than 12 mm. long. IV. SPICATAE.
Corolla less than 12 mm. long. V. PURPUREAE,
D St a)
FABACEAE
I. VIRGINIANAE
Calyx-lobes lanceolate: foliage pubescent with lax more or
less spreading hairs
Calyx-lobes ovate to ‘ovate- un foliage silky or stri-
hairs strictly appres
upper ones “ahorter than the tube:
e leafiets broadly eliptic or obovate.
Calyxlobes ovate-lanceolate, the upper ones longer than
II. RUGELIANAE
Stems clustered on top of a stout woody root: foliage co-
piously and conspicuously pubescent.
III. CHRYSOPHYLLAE
B e pubesce
icles shorter dun the leaves.
P icles longer than the leaves.
Stem finely appressed-pubescent.
Corolla fully 1 cm. long: pod 3.5—4.5 cm. long: blades of
the 1 eaflets obovate:
Corolla less than 1 em. long: pod 2 em. long: blades of
the leaflets elliptic.
IV. SPICATAE
1 or 2 flowers at each node and
e.
eaflets spreading;
he terminal leaflets Him simi
the later
im and leaflets densely pubescent with long lax
irs.
y pubescent with short hairs: leafiets
of an oblanceolate, cuneate or
linear b ne
mao of the leaflets oblanceolate to cuneate or
Blades of un leaflets linear, varying to linear- sub-
ulate o SEE E m upward.
Panicles END. ium -flow with the flowers often 2-4
no
19—25 ; blades V Ad pte or slightly broad-
b
ened upward: leaf-rachis hirs
Leaflets 13-19; oblunceglate to linear-
elliptic or linear: leaf-rachis strigillose.
V. PURPUREAE
leaflets velvety- pubescent.
; leaflets strigillose or silky.
cuneate,
or linear-c anes. rounded or retuse at the apex.
Pu of the leaflets narrowly linear, acute or acumi-
tube.
Calyx lobes manifestly n than the
1 calyx-lobes slightly
Standard less than wide:
longer than the rt be.
Standard over 1 cm. wide: calyx-lobes nearly or quite
wice as long as the tube.
2.
3.
ou
20.
. C. virginiana,
C. latidena.
C. Mohrii.
. C. Rugelii.
Rugelis
C. T
. C. chrysophytia.
C. Carpenter.
C. Chapman.
C. spicata.
C. intermedia.
. C. fleruosa.
. ©. hispidulo.
. C. ambigua.
C. gracillima.
. C. onobrychoides.
C. angustifolia.
. C. corallicola.
. €. Curtissii.
. C. angustissima.
. C. purpurea.
C. cinerea.
1. C. virginiana L. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, loose-pubescent: leaflets 11-21; blades
of the lateral ones 10-30 mm. long, elliptic; rachis mostly villous: calyx 9.5-
45
706 FABACEAE
zie 9 mm. long; lobes with very slender tips,
e upper ones much longer than the tu ibe:
T ] D
STRINGS. DOLLY-VARDEN. RABBIT’S-PEA.)—
Dry, usually acid sandy soil, various prov-
inces, Fla. to La., Man., an nd Me.
2. C. latidens Mes Stem 2-5 dm. ],
one leaflets mostly 19-37; blades
= o Toa elliptic D
ong: calyx 5.5-6 m. long;
lobes porn broadly 2 bodios: a
nearly similar to those of C. virginiana, but
keel-petals scarcely A at the base.—
Pinelands, pen. Fla.
3. C. Mohrii elas y al tem 2-3 dm. tall, eee leaflets o blades of the
lateral ones narro elliptic, acute, 6-18 m . long, glabro s above, strigose
beneath, the ie pend se: calyx about 5n mm. long; D rn lanceolate,
longer than the tube: corolla yellowish and rose- tinged: standard abou
long: pod about 5 em. long.—Pinelands, Fla
4. C. Rugeli (Shuttlw.) Heller. Stem more or less diffuse, up to 7 dm. |
long, finely loose- po with bronze- Colored hairs: leaflets 3-11 ; blades of
the lateral ones obovate, 8-17 mm. long: calyx about z mm. long; lobes subu-
late: corolla n um purple; standard 1.5-2 cm. long: pod somewhat
faleate, 3.5—4 c . lo ong.—Pinelands, S pen. Fla.
5. C. chrysophylla (Pursh) Kuntz ze. Stem copiously loose- pde the
hairs somewhat viseid tawny: leaflets 3—9; blades of the lateral ones
cuneate-obovate, 13-30 mm. long: calyx 5.5-7 mm. long; lobes of the upper lip
lanceolate, about as long as the other lobes: corolla white, turning purple
standard 17-20 mm. long: pod 5-6 mm. wide.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Miss. and Ga.
C. visi um Rydb. ia strigose: rei 5-7; blades of the lateral
ones obovate, 9—15 mm. long: calyx about 4 mm. long; lobes of the upper lip
deltoid-ovate, acute: corolla i or pale- ink m purple; standard 10—12
mm. long: pod about 4 mm. wide.—Pinelands, W Fla. and L
7. Chapmanii (Vail) Small. Stem loos m appressed- taper leaflets
3- " "blades of the lateral ones elliptic to obovate, 6-15 mm. long: calyx 3-3.5
mm. long; lo e of the upper lip deltoid, dia "than the tube: corolla white
or a becoming purple; standard 7-12 mm. long: pod 3 wide.—Dry
soil, N Fla.
8. C. spicata (Walt.) Kuntze. Stem copiously loose-pubescent : ide 5-15;
A of the lateral ones oval, elliptic, or cuneate-elliptic, 10-25 mm. lon ng,
7-8 mm. long; lobes of the DD bus lead
BH lobes subulate, nearly equal: oid white, turning reddish or purple;
standard 16—19 mm. long: pod 5-6 wide.—Pinelands. and dry woods,
various provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., bud Del
9. C. intermedia Small. Stem sparingly loose-pubescent, and somewhat
| ndi ae 5-13; blades E rus ee eed elliptic to elliptie- ‘obovate, 10-
32 mm. long, iculate: calyx 5.5—7 long; lobes of the upper lip shorter than
the DU lobes or nearly as long: corolla pink turning purple; standard 16—18
FABACEAE 707
mm. long: pod 4-5 mm. wide.—Woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
La., Ala., and Ga.
a (Chapm.) Heller. Stem loose- pipi leaflets 3—17; blades
T the jaterat ones linear or arn so, 12—53 mm. long, acute or short-acuminate,
sometimes refiexed: calyx 7-8 long; lobes E the upper lip subulate;
lower d lateral lobes narrow, uh longer than ube: corolla pale-pink;
standard 12-15 mm. long: pod not seen. ee OS Plain, Fla. to Ala.
C. hispidula (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem finely-pubescent: leaflets pee
blades of the lateral ones d. oval- cub or paca 1 8-20
long, acutish, obtuse, or abruptly pointed: calyx 5-6 m lobes of ie
upper lip ee lower and lateral lobes od bera E duds as the tube:
corolla white to pi nk; standard 16-18 mm. long: pod 4-5 mm. wide.—Pine-
lands, Coastal “Pisin, Fla. to La. and N. C.
12. C. ambigua (M Curtis) Kuntze. Stem loose- er leaflets 7-13;
blades of the ES ones a id cuneate, or dub , 20-60 mm. long,
or rarely more, truncate or mucron ealyx 4.5—5 mn ong; lobes of the
upper lip subulate; lower and lat mm ee sa ate: pU equal: corolla
purple; risp ds 16-18 mm. lon ng: pod about 5 mm wide —Pinelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.
13. C. gracillima (B. L. Robinson) Heller. Stem minutely appressed-pubes-
cent: leaflets 9-13 remote; blades linear vane to linear-subulate or slightly
broadened py ard, 9-30 mm. long, M acute: calyx 3.5-4 mm. long; lo s
of ppe ds lane ~ lower lobe much ne d longer than t
um ~ al P rolla purple, i ieee becoming s ; Standard o.
. wide.— Pinelands, E coast of pen. Fla a.
14. C. onobrychoides (Nutt.) Kuntze. Stem copiously loose-pubescent: leaf-
lets 11—23; js des of the lateral ones narrowly elliptie to slightly isum
ealyx 5-
iar 18-50 mm. lon ng: ealyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes of pul upper lip s
late; lower tobe much lon ie r than the Thiers ones, 4.5-5 mm. long: Pun
ue tinged with purple, turning red; standard 19—25 mm. long: pod 5-6
ide.—Dr i
23
ry soil, vo in pinelands, Central Plain and rarely adj. prov-
inces, Ala. to Tex. and Okla.
15. C. angustifolia (Featherman) Pennell. Stem 5-11 dm. tall, strigose and
often with longer spreading hairs: leaflets 13-19; blades linear-oblanceolate,
linear-elliptic or linear, 18-40 em. long, veiny b , grayish and reticulate
beneath: calyx of pp
mm. :
mm. e.—Prairies, iue ; n places, Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex.—
E —sum.—A related species, C. texana Rydb., with more strigose and broader
leaflets is is | said to have been found near Mobile, Ala
16. ©. corallicola Small. Stem copiously loose- p or us in age:
leaflets 11-15; blades linear to linear-elliptie, 7-13 mm. lon -5
long; lobes of the u upper lip lanceolate; lower and Pa lobes. lanceolate,
about n in a corolla light-purple or deep-pink; standard 7—10
long: pod 2-4 mm. wide.—Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla
Curtissii Small. Stem minutely appressed- pubescent when young,
ee in age: leaflets 7-17; ge of the lateral ones oblanceolate, narrowly
c ate, or linear-cuneate, 9— 30 m . long, truneate or retuse, or ronate:
alyx 3-4 mm. lon ng; lobes of the A r lip deltoid; lower lobe narrowly lanceo-
lata, longer than the ovate or triangular- lanceolate lateral ones: corolla pur-
708 FABACEAE
plish, pale when opening; standard 9—12 cm. long: pod about 4 mm. wide.—
Sand ridges, eastern coast, Fla.
angustissima (Shuttlw.) n Stem glabrous: d B E
blades of the lateral ones narrowly linear or very narrowly linear, 13—45
leng: calyx 4-5 mm. long; lobes of the ad lip lanceolate; i iR? bue
late, much longer than the lateral ones: corolla usually pale, nu reddish-
]
di
purple; standard 9-11 mm. long: pod about 3 mm. wide. —Pinelands, Ever-
glade Keys, Fla.
19. C. purpurea L. Stem diffuse or vine-like, uda id cres leaflets
ea blades et ps: lateral ones Eris to linear-eun 9-25 lo
bout 6 m on
ointed:
E. corolla white or a ; ended 9-10 mm. oe pod 3.5-4 mm
wide, usually curved.—Prairie, Big Cypress Swamp, S pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mez.,
C. A., S. A.)—A decoction oi from this plant is used by the Seminoles as a
specific for nose-blee di
20. C. cinerea (L.) Morong. Stem lax, copiously strigose: leaflets 9-17;
blades of the lateral inc linear to elliptic-oblanceolate, 19-50 mm. long;
obtuse or acutish: calyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes of the upper SE subulate-tipped,
those E the lower ip m corolla purplish; standard 10-15 mm. long:
pod 4 m. wide.—Waste-places and cult. ground, ee Plain Ala. Nat
of ae. A I., Mex., C. A., 8. A.)
32. GEOPRUMNON Rydb. Perennial tufted herbs. Leaflets numerous;
blades usually not notched. Corolla purple or white or rarely ochroleucous:
ince : a^
lower suture bin. the upper suture.—Six species, natives of central North
America.—Spr.-s
Pod pubescent, obliquely ovoid, sometimes narrowly so, beaked.
Calyx- lobes about J& as long as the tube: pod curved, over 2 em. long, coarsely
wrinkled, gradually poi P . G. tennesseense.
Calyx-lobes over % as lon s the tube: pod straight, less
than 2 cm. long, finely” Erinkled, abruptly rate 2. G. plattense,
Pod — globose or ellipsoid-globose, beakle 3. G. crassicarpum.
€ (A. Gray) Rydb. Plant villous-hirsute: leaflets 15-33;
blades elliptic rg oval, 12-14 mm . long: pe eduneles about as long as the ac-
l ir
p : 3—3.5
em. long, gr adually orae [ Astragalus
plattensis tennes A. Gray]—Rocky ga
By interior Pods m Ala. to Mo. and
Ten
2. G. pi Mab Rydb. Plant hir-
sute or somewhat strigose: leaflets 13-23;
or eate, 5—
ong: a
ually eurved upward: ovary pubescent: pod
1~1.5 em. long, abruptly beaked.—Prairies,
various provinces, Ala. to Tex. and Ind.
FABACEAE 709
3. G. crassicarpum (Nutt.) Rydb. Plant Pedum Five ~ blades
elliptic, to elliptic-lanceolate, 8-20 mm. long: 7-8 . ong; lobes
n p to subulate-la nceolate: corolla no. d ary em : pod 2-2.5
lon
m. long. d rca oaryocarpus Ker.]—Prairies, various aT Tenn.
io Tex., Man., and Min
| 33. ASTRAGALUS L. Perennial or annual herbs. Leaflets numerous or
several: blades sometimes notched. owers in long racemes. Corolla Pn
usly colored, ours cream-colored or somewhat greenish: wings d
petals about equal in length. Pod coriaceous, ovoid or d turgid, but
searcely infllated, perfectly 2-celled, the septum formed by the intruded lower
suture which meets the upper one. About 500 species, most abundant in Asia.
Calyx-lobes more than 1% the length of the tube: pod ascending
when mature 1. A. carolinianus.
Calyx- ipee leas than ad oe length of the tube: pod spreading
or reflexed when m 2. A. Halei.
1. A. carolinianus L. St tem up to 1 m. tall glabrous, or sparingly pubescent
em. long:
above: leaflets 15—31; blades elliptie or elliptie- -Janceolate, 2—4
racemes elongate: calyx- De a s long
t
slightly curved. — (
woods and ine various een
Ga. and Ala. to Tenn., W. Va., an
2. uu — ui i Rydb. Stem up " od À
pubes dr m "apes. pcs apie e
elliptic. idt aceme:s
short: cays lobes. He a as 2d as n
tube: standard 15-17 mm.
e eurved upward; og [o Ee |
m. long, curved, the beak hooked.
T Woods and fields, Coastal Plain, Ala. to
La.
34. HOLCOPHACOS Rydb. Perennial low spreading herbs. Leaflets
numerous, the blades entire, mostly truncate or notched. Flowers few in short
racemes. Corolla pink or purplish: stand-
ith a
without even a ener mE About
s North American
H. distort pn & G.) Rydb. Stem
glabrous or eee pubescent, branched
base, the branches ascending or
oe 1-4 dm. long: leaflets 17-23;
blades oval, obovate, or cuneate, 3—1
long: peduncles about as long as the sub-
tending leaves or longer: racemes ovoid o Reine: Run OS lanceolate, shorter
than the tube, erect: corolla purplish: bie: 8-10 mm. long: pod crescent-
710 FABACEAE
shaped, m. long, short-beaked. [Astragalus distortus T. & 2 oa
and hillsides, various provinces, Miss. to Tex., Ia., and W. Va.—Spr.-s
35. TIUM Medic. Perennial erect, virgate herbs. Leaflets numerous:
blades mostly obtuse. Calyx campanulate with short lobes. Corolla white or
urple: wings as long as the standard or
nearly so. Pod narrow, short- hip ee with
a deep narrow groove alon ventral
suture which is produced ies pen a par-
tial false crag ridged along the dorsal
suture.—About 60 species, meee natives
of North due and Asia.
l. T. Michauxii Rt Rydb. Plant
glabrous in age: flets 15-25; blades
linear or nearly so 250 m. long: ealyx
4-5 mm. long; lobes deltoid or triangular-
eolate, 1-1.5 mm. lon whit
standard 13-16 mm. long: pod 2-4 em. long,
a curved, ae i [| Astragalus glaber Michx. Psoralea multijuga A
apilosum Rydb.]—Sandhills and dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
— Spr.
36. PHACA L. Perennial or annual diffuse herbs with several or man y
stems from the top of the root. Leaflets numerous: blades broad, often notched.
Calyx campanulate or cylindric-campanulate, with rather narrow lobes. o-
rolla blue, purple, or yellow. Pod sessile, ne curved, with a deep wide
shallow groove along the ventral suture an ridge along the dorsal, without
a false partition.—About 20 species, North fee .—Spr.
Pod pubescent: calyx-lobes longer than the tube. 1. P.int
Pod glabrous: calyx-lobes shorter than the tube. 2., P. AE
P. intonsa (Sheldon) pr Plant villous: leaflets 9-15; blades elliptic,
ae or suborbieular, 3-10 mm. long;
calyx 9-10 mm. long; lobes lanceolate-subu-
ate, 4.5-5.5 m g: corolla dull-yellow
stan 9-11 long d abou e
long, villous. [Astragalus villosus Mich
]
1 "
Tium intonsum | Rydb.]—Pinelands, m»
banks, and r PER m Coastal Plain, Fla.
Ala. and S. C.
2. P. oe bus n Plant gla-
brous in age or nearly so: leaflets 15-25;
blades obeordate to oblong- SIC 3-8
mm. long: calyx 5—6 mm. long; lobes nar-
rowly lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long: corolla
purple or ve ; standard 8-10 mm. long:
pod
3-3.5 long, veiny. [ Astragalus
obcordatus Ell, Tium obcordatum Rydb.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and
Ga.
37. ECASTOPHYLLUM L. Shrubs. Leaflets solitary: blades broad.
Racemes short. Calyx not 2-lipped, the 5 broad lobes short. Corolla white or
FABACEAE . 711
pink: standard with a suborbieular or reniform blade and a mee claw. Free
potion of the filaments long. Pod lenticu- x |
ar.—About 5 species, natives of tropieal and
Uno d America,
1. E. Ecastophyllum er Britton. Shrub
with wide-spreading or trailing branches
ng; Bae ovate or
mm. long: Sere white or pink; standard
m. long, t d de pers pod
suborbieular, 2 $ in di
e
= erg
U. S.) ]— — Coasta l era dius and
shore hammocks, S S» Fla. and K eys — (N.
C. A. 0.
—In rshes
behind. sand- dunes uc "branches rds dnos pensions jungles.
38. AMERIMNON Jacq. Shrubs. Leaflets solitary. Racemes short.
Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip with 2 broad lobes: lower lip with 2 short lateral
lobes and a Pa middle one. Corolla white o?
or pink: andard with an obovate or
cuneate D and a short elaw. xu ipi
and ovary as in Ecastophyllum. Pod m
or less aset stipitate.—About 12 spe-
cies, tropical American.
. A. Brownei Jacq. Shrub with reclining
or trailing branches: leaflets thickish, the
blades 6-12 em. long, ovate to elliptic- -ovate,
od E acutish, Lus us in age: racemes
x 4—5 mm. lo
2 broad. penes lateral lobos of HB lower :
lip ovate, the middle lobe see ae e i
hite or pink; standard 8-10 mm. long, the blade obovate or cuneate: pods
iur oblong, or (eem oblong, 1-3. 5 em. img —Shore hammocks, S pen. Fla.
and the Ke eys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—-The greatly elonga ate, often rope-
like branches, frequently form almost NETS entanglements on the edges
of hammocks.
39. ICHTHYOMETHIA P. Br. Trees. Leaflets several, pinnate. Pani-
eles thyrsoid. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, the upper lip notched: lower lip of
three broad lobes about equal in length.
Corolla white or partially colored: standard
with a broad blade cordate at the base, and
a short claw. Pod narrow, 4-winged.—
About 6 NAA natives of tropical and sub- -
tropical Amer
1. I. piscipula (L.) A. Hitche. Medium-
sized tree: leaflets 7-9; blades oval or obo- .
vate, or nearly ovate, 2-10 em. long, undulate
stri iped wi red: standard 14-16 mm. long,
the blade pee enipe pod 5-10 em. long,
712 FABACEAE
the wings undulate or incised. [Piscidia Erythrina L.]—(JAMAICA-DOGWOOD.)—
Hammocks, coastal region, S pen. Fla., Everglade Keys, and Florida Keys.—
(W. I.)—Spr. The hard durable wood is valued for pu Dd lding. The bark
of the roots and powdered other parts of the tree were formerly used to
stupefy fish.
40. ANDIRA Lam. Trees. Leaflets several. Panicle terminal, ample.
SL slightly 2- (en the upper lip notched: lower lip of three broad acute
lobes. Corolla purple or reddish: - standard
with a broad blade. Pod thick, d
subglobose or somewhat elongate.—About
20 species, most abundant in "dxopical
America.
1. A. en wae fe ME Wright) Urban.
Tree wide eading arpa Eius
finely bsc uh and inflor
leaves 1-3 dm. long; leaflets mostly 9-13,
the iid elliptie or oval, varying to ovate. =i
or obov 5-8 em. long, abruptly cat MN
nate, bs petiolate: panicle many-flow- :
ered, much-branched: flowers purplish:
calyx campanulate; lobes wider than long,
the lower ones acute: standard 9-10 mm. long; the blade suborbieular: pod
subglobose, oval, z obovoid, mostly 5-7.5 cm. long.—Hammocks, Bahia Honda
m la.—(W. I.)—Su m.—Livi ving specimens collected on B ahia Honda Key
e grown um the former Deering reservation at Buena Vista, Fla., where they
faced in 192
41. PITCHERIA Nutt. Perennial erect wiry herbs. Leaflets 3: blades
coriaceous. Flowers axillary, solitary. Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes elongate, the
the small beak nearly or dn central at the
rounded tip.—One spec
1. P. galactioides Nutt. Plant 6-12 dm.
tall, widely pii ar Viae short- Po
leaflets 5- d blades val
obovate-oval, reticulat a resin "d
lower ealyx-lobes Luis ee acuminate,
5-7 mm. long: standard 7- a
blade oe pod elliptic- aie A
m. long. [Rhync diis galactioides adl ]—Dry sandy pinelands, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Miss.—Spr.—
LICHOLUS Medie. Perennial herbaceous vines. Leaves long-
red, idus 3; blades thin, not reticulate. Flowers in id axil-
ary racemes. Calyx slightly 2-lipped, the 2 upper lobes searcely more united
mud the others. Corolla yelow: blade of the standard broadened upward:
FABACEAE 713
blade of the wing- petals auricled at the base: blades of the keel-petals rather —
dil curved. Pod flat, scimitar-shaped, slightly margined, the beak eccen-
trie.—Few species, mostly tropical.
rte several- flowered: blades of the leaflets of a rhombic type: o 1-1.5 cm
minimus.
ree m aad blades of the leaflets of an ovate type: pod
2.5— c 2. D. Swartz.
1. D. minimus (L.) Medic. Stem sapere retrorse-pubescent: leaflets 0.8-4
em. long; blades of the lateral ones semirhombie, that of the uaa one
i nt:
rhombie-orbicular, sparin ubesce
calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, longer than
he t stan 5—6 blad
bicular-cuneate: m of the wings
acute: LS od 10- 2 long. [Rhynchosia
minima DC. ].— qoe W^ ds of ham-
mocks, qoem cha Fla and S.
C.— —(W. I. Mez., C. A., 8.4.) Spr fall
or all year S.
2. D. Swartzii Vows Stem finely retrorse-
lobes broadly E d shorter than the
n o A . lon ng: T
lon [Eh Dea carib C.]—
prc S pen. Fla. and the Ec I.)—AII year.
43. LEUCOPTERUM Small. Herbaceous vines. Leaves long-petioled:
leaflets 3: dan rather broad, thiekish. Flowers few, in peduncled axillary
racem Calyx 2-lipped, not acerescent, the lobes of the upper lip well be
the middle lobe sj the lower lip much longer than the lateral ones. Corol
yellow: blade of the standard broadened
upward: blade of the wing petals with a
rounded lobe at the base: blade of the keel
petals rather broad, slightly eurved: ovary
short-stipitate: style elongate, hairy and
glandular near T base, much swollen near
the apex. Pod broad, nearly equilateral, the
beak eccentric and oblique. One species.
parvifolium (DC.) Small Ste
em
ix | caisson leaflets 1.5-3.5 em. long;
preg e to E or some-
calyx-lo
1 nceol E d
suborbieular: ds of the wings obtuse:
a 13-17 mm. long. [Rhynchosia parvifolius DC. Dolicholus eee
. Vail|—Pinelands,, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—Spr.—fall or all year
44. RHYNCHOSIA "nagd Perennial herbs with erect or climbing stems.
Leaves long-petioled: leaflets 3 or 1; blades broad, often wider than long.
Flowers in short-stalked ie congested racemes. Calyx 2-lipped, accres-
cent: lobes of the upper lip well-united: middle lobe of the lower lip longer
714 FABACEAE
than the lateral. Corolla yellow, about as long as the calyx or shorter: blade
of the standard suborbicular to d A Es blade of the wing-petals
wit salient auricle on each side at the base: blades of the keel- Lais
broad, strongly curved. Pod flat, 2. the beak very eccentric.—About 150
species, in tropical and temperate region
Stem prostrate or climbing. I. LATIFOLIAE.
Stem erect. II. ERECTAE.
I. Lat
Leaves dnb or rarely the socie ee: ra-
cemes ax 1. R. Michauzü,
Leaves "trifotiol late.
: Racemes Mon short- -peduncled or sessile.
Stem nd branches procter cinereous: pod broad at
ae end ; beak lateral. 2. R. cinerea.
Stem and branches CHORUS climbing, retrorse-hirsute :
pod cn at each end : beak oblique. 3. R. tomentosa.
mae. peduncled, or the uppermost short-peduncled, elon-
gating. 4. R. Lewtonii.
II. ERECTAE
Leaves unifoliolate, the leaflets with reniform blades. 5. R. simplicifolia.
Leaves pode tas eld or some o the basal ones uni ifoliolate.
Rac xillary, never long-peduncled and
S lonedt e.
Stem 1-2 dm. tall: median lobe of the lower calyx-lip
subulate: inflorescence n hirsute. 6. R. intermedia.
Stem 2-8 dm. tall: median lobe of the lower calyx-lip
lanceolate: ndo cdcefi co. series SerICIOUS 1. R. erecta.
Racemes mainly terminal or a few of them "axillary: com-
only much elongate. 8. R. mollissima.
. R. Michauxii Vail. Stem densely gray-pubescent: leaflets 2.5-5 mm. long;
blades broader than long, soft-hirsute beneath: calyx 12-17 mm. long; lobes
i da -14 mm. ¿x
mm.
obliquely beaked. [Rhynchosia menisper-
Lag ea (Chapm. Fl.) . a MichauzWi
Vail. ]—Pinelands, Fla.—Spr.—fal
2. R. cinerea Nash. Stem cinereous- pubes-
cent: leaflets 1-3 em. long; blades obliquely
adsl to ovate-orbieular or the terminal
on orm, thick: lateral ib ie
ONCE markedly shorter than the lower S H
one; lobes of the ppr pin lip lanceolate: SR 4 A
standard 6-7 mm od 14-15 2 " Wee
long. [Dolicholus RUN Vail] — Pine-
lands, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—Spr.-fall
or all year S.
R. tomentosa (L.) H. & A. Stem retrorse-hirsute: leaflets 3-6 E Sunt
blades ovate to ovate-rhombie, or the terminal one wider than long, t
softly pubescent: lateral ealyx-lobes nearly linear, about equalling n prem
one; lobes of the upper calyx-lip subulate; standard 7-8 mm. long: pod 16-20
. long. [Dolicholus tomentosus Vail]— 23 nelands, Coastal Plain and rarely
adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and Va.—Sum.-fal
4. R. Lewtonii (Vail) Small. Stem soft- deri a leaflets 3-6 em. long;
Ps m er sd to id B the terminal one wider than
ong: No * ng; er lobe w and longer than the lateral
ones: is d 8- pm m. long; blade broadiy obo eo reticulata
(Chapm. FI. ` Dolicholus Lewtonii Vail]—Pinelands, pen, Fla
FABACEAE 715
5. R. simplicifolia (Walt.) Wood. Stem hirsute: leaflets 2-5 em. long;
blades ype aaa pales p reniform, hirsute on the veins beneath, strongly
bou
reticulate: calyx 8-10 m ong; upper lobes rei ovate, lower lobe abo
equalli ng the lateral ones: “stands rd 6. rA oe i e e e
or suborbicular: wings about as long as long,
elliptie; beak Eu latera]. Rhynchosia podio pen "bo. Dolicholus
simplicifolius Vail]—(DOLL AR-WEED. )— —Pinelands, open woods, and fields,
Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla., an nd La, and Va.— —Spr.—fall.
R. intermedia (T. & G.) Small. Stem tomentose: leaflets 2-5 cm. long;
blades Eu and often somewhat rhombie, or ovate-orbieular, or those
of the 1 al ones ovate or oval: lower calyx-lobes various, the lateral ones _
Bus M .the median one eu slender-tipped; upper lobes
space lanceolate: standard 7-8 mm. long; blade nearly elliptic or elliptic-
obov wings much shorter than the standard: pod 15-18 mm. lo ong, narrowly
linie | [Dotichotus intermedius Vail]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala.
and Ga.
us 2. erecta (Walt. DC. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, softly pubescent: pda 2.0—9
ong; blades oval, eng i p a -oval, velvety beneath: lower calyx-
lobes narrowly lanceolate; lobes o upper calyx-lip menage ole than
the tube: standard 5-6.5 mm i Er de a ary short- o
a
pod 14—16 mm. long, elliptie; beak eccentric. [Dolic iene Mr Vail]—
soil, especially in poem Coastal Plain, and rarely adj. provinces, hu n4
La., Tenn., and Del
8. R. mollissima (Ell) S. Ma Stem 3-6 dm. tall, closely and silvery soft-
pubescent: leaflets 2.5—4.5 em. long; blades oval or oval-elliptic: calyx his-
pidulous; - ib lobes dp Janceolate, the middle e one the lon ood aig ndard
6.5-7.5 m ong; blade obovate: ovary hispidul pod 19— long,
slightly pots beak lateral. [Dolicholus motliesimus a
Coastal Plain, Fla. and adj. Ga. to Miss.—Spr.-fall.
45. CAJAN Adans. Partially woody herbs. Leaflet Racemes few
several-flowered. Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, the upper E Mero nca
Corolla yellow ers so: blade of t
ye y
standard aoa sharp-auricled at oe
base: blades of the wings rather promi-
nently, but unequally auricled on each side:
blades of the keel-petals obtuse at the apex.
Pod turgid, elongate.—One species.
C. Cajan (L.) Millsp. Plant 9-30 dm
i S | ds, a: mmoc i
S pen. Fla., and the Keys.—Nat. of Old Wor Jä Tropics and cult.—(W. I.)—All
year.—Grown extensively for its pea-like seeds which are boiled and eaten or
used for feeding poultry.
46. ERYTHRINA L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. TEN 3. Racemes
several-many-flowered. Calyx obliquely truncate. Corolla red, scarlet, or erim-
716 FABACEAE
son: standard conspicuous, erect, narrowed upward: wings and the keel-petals
very small, nearly equal in size, the blades short-clawed. Androecium ex-
serted: filaments united to about the middle and slightly above it. va
long-stipitate. Pod torulose.—About 20 a natives of tropical and warm-
temperate regions.—Wint.-spr.—CORAL-BEANS. CHEROKEE-BEANS. DRAGON'S-
TEETH. SNAKEWEEDS.—An infusion, mi from the leaves, is used by the
Seminoles in canine diseases.
Herb: stem annual: standard elliptic. 1. E. herbacea.
Shrub or tree: stems perennial, very woody : standard lanceolate. 2. E. arborea.
. E. herbacea L. Herbs 6-12 dm. tall: leaflets 3-9 em. long; blades Pd.
to hastate: racemes many-flowered : pee campanulate: standard 45-50 m
long; blade about 2 cm. wide: wing- p
15-17 e . ong (Canina -SPEAR.) —Pine-
lands, ks, thickets, and e of
woods, QUAE Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
2. E. arborea (Chapm.) Small Shrub or
tree 3-8 m. tall or a woody vine: i:
wing- petals 11-1? n. iu
pod drooping, 8-15 em. long. [E. herbacea
arborea oed Ll - (Bi: ee Ven. m-
mocks, S an —The
brilliantly re 1 are Un ced
and used as beads.
47. MICROPTERYX Walp. Shrubs ees. Leaflets 3. Flowers
clustered in the axils or in elongate panicles. pos 2-lipped, A" with shallow
b Corolla crimson: standard conspicu-
ous, spreading, bed upward: wi
and keel-petals very unequal in size, the /
former short, the latter elongate, clawless |
Androecium included in the keel: filaments fi
united to near the tip. Ovary short-stipi-
tate. Pod cylindric—About 6 species,
tropical,
1. M. Crista-galli (L.) Walp. Shrub or
oe tree, pus priekle-armed: leaflets 5—14
em. long; "bla elliptic a oval, or ovate, gla-
brous: racemes ecd owe ered: calyx 13-
15 mm. lon cr standa did obovate, 40—45 mm.
long: win 9—11 long: ids du
lanceolate, 30-35 mm. oe ng: pod 18- m. long. Fe aes Crista-galli L.|—
Waste- places, Coastal Plain, Gulf E e Nat. of S. A., and cult.
48. STIZOLOBIUM P. Br. Leaflets 3. Racemes or panicles erect, usu-
ally few-flowered. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip often slightly notched; lower lip
3-lobed. Corolla red or purple: standard much shorter than the other petals,
DOCU 717
the blade Mis than deni blades of the wings
auricled ne side: keel-petals scythe-shaped. g
Pod ea. Mcd 20 species, mostly in tropical
regions.
ow
at the bent apex: pod 5-9 em. lo ong, coarsely ubesee ent. [Mucuna Deeringiana
Small]—(VELVET-BEAN. ee EAN. )—Pinelands, oo citrus groves,
and old-fields, pen. Fla. Nat. of ‘Asia Uae grown as a ground-cover.
49. MUCUNA Adans. Woody vines. Leaflets 3. Racemes pendent, head-
like, the several flowers borne in a radiating cluster. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper
lip entire, the lower lip prominently 3-lobed. Corolla nian eue standard
much shorter than the other petals: keel-petals
scythe-shaped. Pod thick, but flattish, with promi-
nent transverse corrugations.—About 25 species,
mostly tropica
m n Sloanei Fawe. & Rendle. Vigorous woody
: blades of the leaflets ovate (the lateral ones
em. long
: K
pen. Fla.—(W. I. S. A.)—A] year.—The hairs of the pod are exceeding
irritating to the skin—henee ‘“eowitch.’’ The seeds are used as beads and
ornaments for watch-chain
50. DIOCLEA H. B. K. Vines or woody plants. Leaflets 3. Panicle
raceme-like, long-peduncled. Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes, except the middle
lower one, ‘short. Corolla blue or purple, or white:
standard reflexed, narrowed at the base.
sessile or ni so. Pod flat.—About 16 species,
mostly natives of tropical America.
1. D. multiflora (T. & G.) C. Mohr. Plant pubes-
cent: leaflets 5- ak em. long; blades oval, subor-
bicular, or renifor alyx 5-7 mm. long; lo
lobes Jane eolate: sarei unde standard 12-15
ong.
Coastal Plain, m occasionally adj. pim
to La., Ark., and Ky.—Sum
1. GALACTIA P. Br. Vines with prostrate or twining stems, or erect
partially woody plants. Leaflets 3 or rarely 1, 5 or 7. Panicles raceme-like.
718 FABACEAE
Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes sean long. Corolla violet, red, or white: stand-
ard erect or spreading: wings and keel-petals with relatively short claws.
Ovary sessile or nearly so. Pod turgid, elongate, or the subterranean ones,
when present, short.—About 70 species, natives of warm and tropical regions.
—Sum.—fall or all year S.—MILK-PEAS.— The corollas are mainly purple.
Stem erect: leaf-rachis not prolonged beyond the lateral leaflets: flower-clusters ses-
sile or nearly so in the axils. I. ERECTAE.
Stem prostrate or wining: leaf-rachis prolonged: panicles elon-
gate, continuous or purse ted.
Plant with decumbent or prostrate stems. and branches. II. DIF
Plant with twining stems and branches. III. VOLUI ES:
I. ERECTAE
Plant with solitary or clustered, wiry, somewhat zigzag stems. 1. G. erecta.
II. DIFFUS
Panicles shorter than the leaves, at least, in ede flower-
clusters approximate.
Calyx coarsely hirsute.
Pa o. usually with. one flower-cluster: leaflets of the
r leaves narro 2. G. brachypoda.
Pan iles with Sacral 'fower- clusters: leaflets broad. 3. G. floridana.
Caly * pldbrous or UAE 4. G. regularis.
Paniclés ECCO ng the leaves: flower-clusters separated
Blades of the ns oval or elliptie: ealyx 6—9 mm. long
cle x a: half as long as the peduncle 5. G. brevipes.
Panicle shorter than the peduncle. 6. G. prostrata.
"Blades ‘of the: sera ae! Peen ae to linear:
,calyx 10-16 mm T. G. pinetorum.
III. VOLUBILES
Leaves with 3 leaflets : corolla vi iolet.
Panicles several (2-7) in a leaf-axil, the rachis zigzag. 8. G. fasciculata.
Panicles solitary (rarely 2) in a le af-ax
Peduncle shorter than the panicle-rachis, shorter or
somewhat longer than the leave
eee ud p us : upper cuc Iob triangular to
Leaflets, a hë upper leaves with ovate, oval, or
D pis. a standard mostly less
9. Œ. volubilis.
Te ners of the Do. leaves with linear or nearly
linear blades: standard over 11 mm long. 10. G. parvifolia.
Standard striped : upper eee broadly ovate.
Panicles sessile or nearly s leaflets coriaceous. 11. G. Sd
Panicles long-peduncled : leaflets membranous. 12. GŒ. striata,
Peduncle ich longer than the panicle-rachis and leaves, 13. G. mollis.
Leaves with 7--9 leaflets: corolla white. 14. G. Elliottii.
1. G. erecta (Walt.) Vail. Stem glabrous or nearly so: leaflets 2.5-4 c
long; blades elliptie to linear: calyx 5—6 mm. long; lateral lobes longer than
the eq. tals 6-7 mm. long: pod
1.5-2 em. lon [G. NAE T. & G.]—
Pinelands, Coastal Plain Fla. to Ala.,
a.?), and N. C.
G. brachypoda T. & G. Stem ee
or r nearly ae leaflets 2—83.5 € ong;
rete elliptic -: linear- pir. a 4.5-5
long; lateral lobes acute: keel-petals
6 mm. long: vod not seen.—Pinelands, Fla.
3. G. floridana T. & G.. Stem hoary-pubes-
cent: leaflets 1.5—4.5 em. long borea and
on petioles less than 1 em. long in G. flori-
dana microphylla Vail): bla d oval or
elliptie-oval: flowers scattered nearly the
FABACEAE 719
length of the rachis (or ne 2—4 together at regular intervals above the
middle of the rachis in G. floridana longiracemosa Vail): calyx 7—8 mm. long;
lateral lobes acuminate: keel- ul 10-11 mm. long: pod 4-5 em. long.—Pine-
lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala
4. G. reg ularis (L.) B. S. P. Stem minutely retrorse- m leaflets 2—4.5
em. Pus ng; bi “elliptic or ovate-elliptic: calyx 7-9 m luv da obscurely
ous-margined: keel-petals 11-13 mm. long: po 2. 5-4 lon [G.
glabella Michx.]— —Pinelands and sandhills, cn edges of ET Coastal
Plain, and occasionally adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., and N. Y.
5. G. brevipes Small. Stem pe E with Puis UAR hairs and
somewhat clammy: leaflets 2—4 c ong; blades oval or nearly so: calyx 6-7
mm. long; ; lateral CE several ae longer than the tube: keel-petals 11—13
mm. long: pod not seen.—Pinelands, near Trader’s Hill, on the Coastal Plain
f A
6. G. pro pig Small. Stems finely pubescent with hal E appressed
or ascending hairs: leaflets mostly 1.5-3 em. long, ate longer; blades
ra or oval varying to ovate or obovate: calyx 8- g: stan ard
15-17 m ong: pod not seen. — Pinelands, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla.—All
year.
7. Q. pinetorum Small. Stem finely pubescent: leaflets 1. 5—5 em. long; pistes
typically linear- ar or linear, or rarely broader: calyx 11-16 mm. long:
standard 15-20 mm. long: pod 4.5- 6 em. pre —Pinelands, Everglade Keys,
la.—All year. a | |
8. G. fasciculata Vail. Stem retrorsely canescent: leaflets 1.5-3 em. long;
blades suborbicular to elliptic-orbicular: calyx 8-9 mm. long; lateral lobe
repel about as long as the tube: keel-petals 11-12 mm. ues no sub-
terrane n pod.— —Sandy soil, Tampa, Fla
9. G. kage (L.) Britton. Stem finely retrorse-hirsute: leaflets 2-5 cm.
long; blades ovate, oval, or elliptic- ino or lanceolate- PE calyx 5—6
long; lobes ciliate: kee eel-pe etals 9-11 mm. long: pod 3-5 em. long. [G. o
Ell. p pod buy E Pr “Coastal Plain a ‘occasionally adj. prov-
inces, Fla Okla., Mo. orm n the Everglade
l Keys with h pros a ad pod a Dani Y
10. G. parvifolia A. Rich. Stem minutely pubescent: d mostly 1-4
long; ; blades various, oe varying ay broadest above or be low the middle,
or those of the lower leaves broader, varying from ov ate o or oval to obovate,
all thin or thinnish, poss y A meds ealyx 5-8 mm. long: keel- -petals
6.5— . long: po od 3.5-4.5 em. ong. [G. filiformis (Chapm. FI. Mc ane
lands and ‘hammocks. Everglade oe pen. Fla. and the Keys. —AN y
. Gs iciformis T. & G. Stem retrorse- Ds leaflets 2.5-8 cm. long;
le ead a elon -oval: calyx 5-6 mm. long: standard 9-10 mm. long;
pude auricled a e base: keel. -petals 8-9 mm. n. per 4-5 em. long. [G.
cubensis (Fl. SE. T S.)] Hammocks and pinelands, S Fla.—(W. I.)—Th
uie ccs have short internodes and the flower- clusters are close together.
12. G. striata (Jacq.) Urb an, Stem l loosely fine-pubescent: leaflets pd
| ryin o : calyx mm. lon
standard 9-10 em. long; blade ee at the base: ee 9-10 mm
long: pod 4-8 cm. long.—Hammocks and thickets, S pen. —(W. I., Mez.,
C. A., S. A.)—The peduneled ut S have long Mi and the flower-
clusters are often widely separated.
13. Œ. mollis Michx. Stem villous or somewhat hoary: jendebs 2.5-5 em.
long; blade: oval or elliptic: calyx 5-6 mm. long: standard 7-8 mm. long;
720 FABACEAE
blade not T keel- -petals 9-6 mm. long: pod 2.5-4 cm. long—Pinelands,
mps, and river-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Su m—G. mollis Nashit
Vail has stem ou lightly pubescent.
14. G. Elliottii Nutt. Stem retrorse-hirsute (or silky in G. Elliottii Leaven-
worth E & G.): leaves evergreen or near y so; leaflets 2-3 em. long; blad
elliptic: calyx 7-10. mm. long; the upper lip 'and pi Ka s ‘conspicuously
2 nge er than the Bis. lobes: Ga 11-13 mm keel-petals 10-12
long: pod elliptic, 3—4 long.—Low pinelunds, Coastal Plain and
cae ain adj. provinces, Fla. p? Tenn. and N. C.—Sum
ola PUERARIA DC. Woody vines. Leaflets 3. Panicles raceme-like,
te tu
: :
and keel-petals with rather short claws. Ovary short-stipitate. Pods flat, nar-
row, rather long.—About 10 species, Asiatic. The following is widely cul-
tivated. |
1. P. por Mie ces (S. & Z.) Benth. Stem and branches hirsute, becoming
D and glabrous, E. Kn uA eer ets 3-6. inches long; pi
mbic or ‘ovate-rhombic les
lobed. abruptly acumi a short peticluled;
pani nicles short-peduncled, r e-like, ostly
1-2.5 dm. long; Saab pedicelle; f hubs
campanulate, ; rple-
tinged ; lobes Ae than Ts tube, Ehe E;
lower lobe the longer: corolla main inly dull 4
dice ded ple; standard about 2 em. long,
e blade suborbicular, with a "rellow ‘blotch
at "the base: blades of the dari iud eas
than the claws: pod linear, 4-5 c
e
shaggy-pubescent.—(KUupzu E — = :
sides, fence-rows, and woods, 2l T
inces, E U. S. ge neum Nat. of
Su
52. PALCATA Gmel. Herbaceous vines. Leaflets 3. -Racemes or pani-
cles several-many-flo -flowered. Calyx 2-lipped, upper lip broader than the
lobes of the lowe r ap which are shorter than the tube. Corolla not showy, blue,
1. F. comosa (L.) Kuntze. Leaflets 3-10
em. long; pus m to ovate-lanceolate:
calyx 6-8 ong; upper lip deltoid;
lower lobes ace d -subulate, less than
lo as long as the tube: blades of the keel-
D much E orter than the claws: pod
Nutt. ]—
Meadows, ‘thickets, and en or damp Minn
us provinees, Fla. to Eu ebr., l
Ms um.—F. Pitcheri, origi described from Ark.,
the longer RE lobes and shorter iem (lightly longer than the ae of
FABACEAE 721
the wings and keel, may occur east of the Mississippi River. Subterranean
l- or 2-seeded pods are often produced after the manner of the peanut of com-
merce. These are known as HOG-PEANUTS.—Sum.
BRADBURYA Raf. Vines. Leaflets 3, or 5 or 7. Racemes few-
d Bu 2-lipped, the upper lip shorter than the lobes of the lower lip,
which are much longer than the tube. Corolla pink, blue, violet, or white:
blade of Ga standard suborbicular or reniform spurred above the b on th
outside: wings and keel-petals with short claws, the blades of the latter
strongly curved, narrower than those of the former, and with a prominent
auricle at the base. Pod elongate, long-beaked, its margins thickened. [Cen-
trosema Benth.|—About 30 species, Ameriean.—BUTTERFLY-PEAS.— The corol-
las of our species are mainly violet.
Lateral lobes of the lower culvedin as long as the median one: upper lobes erdt
bracts acuminate. 1. B. virginiana.
Lateral lobes of the lower calyx-lip much ET than the median
one: upper lobes lanceolate: bracts acu
Blades s the leaflets cordate or SUbcordHte “at the base: lateral
lobes the lower calyx-lip much longer than the lobes of
the u nae li 2. B. arenicola.
. Blades of the leaflets rounded at the base: lateral lobes of the
lower calyx-lip about as long as the lobes of the upper lip. 3. B. floridana.
1. B. virginiana (L.) Kuntze. en 3—11 em. long; blades linear, ads
narrowly so and elongate, to ovate, hor distinet sealloped marginal vein
S e
lower ones, like the lateral ones of the lower
lip, setaceous-subulate: blade of the stand-
ard 21-25 mm. wide or "uds pir Mies
linear, 7—14 em. long, 3.5 wide: seed
ellipsoid- -eylindrie 2.5—3 "y long. "[C.
nth.]— “Pinelands, hammocks,
odd “fields, or serub, usually in acid soil,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Ark., and N. J.
2. B. arenicola Small. Leaflets 2-5 em. (-~>\;
long; blades e to elliptie-ovate, retuse, |——wW
blun t, or minutely apiculate at the apex, ZN
rN or subcordate p) the base: bracts ~
vate: upper ea uch sho ter than
the lower one, its lobes and the lateral lobes of the lower lip lanceolate: blade
of the standard 25-30 mm. wide: pod not seen.—Pinelands, C pen. Fla.—Sum
3. B. floridana Britton. Plant similar to B. arenicola in habit: leaflets 2-8
em. long; blades laneeolate to oval, obtuse or acutish at the apex, rounded at
the base: bracts ovate: calyx similar to that of B. arenicola, but somewhat
smaller, but the corolla larger: pod 8-15 em. long, 5-6 mm. wide; seed sub-
eylindrie, 6—7.5 mm. long.—Pinelands, Fla.
54. CLITORIA L. Vines. Leaflets several. Racemes or panicles 1-sev-
eral-flowered. Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes of the upper lip partly united,
resembling the lateral lobes of the lower lip, but often shorter. Corolla blue,
purple, red, or white: standard erect, the blade suborbicular: blades of the
46
722 l FABACEAE
wings and the keel-petals long-clawed, often
adherent, those of the former not auricled,
those of the latter very small. yle curved,
pubescent. Pod narrow, somewhat flat-
tened.—About 6 ea natives of the Old
World tropics.
C. Ternatea L. Stem and Branches high-
twining: leaflets 5—7 em. long; blades ovate,
oval, or orbieular: Ra ac- 19 Ter long;
lobes of the upper lip a andard 40-
50 mm. long; blades of ino koel. petals longer
iiy the ide pod 8-11 em
tensively, as an ornamental vine. The deep- qp or a white, flowers are
very beeen Nat. of E. I.—(W. I.)—AIll
55. MARTIUSIA Schult. Erect or diffuse herbs with long roots. Leaf-
lets 3. Raeemes few-flowered. Calyx 2-lipped, the lobes of the upper lip
pelea united. Corolla violet-blue or fv standard erect, the blade obovate
blades of the wings and keel- ag long-clawed, those of the
niis ni aurieled at the base. t . Pod narrow, turgid.—About
8 species, all American, —BUTTERFLY-PEAS. 7 NIE
Leaflets of the upper leaves with ovate, elliptic- ovate, or ovate-lanceolate blades:
pod with a stipe shorter than the calyx 1. M. mariana.
Leaflets of t upper leaves with nd or linear-elliptie blades:
pod with a stipe longer than the calyx 2. M. fragrans.
M. mariana (L.) Small Stem 3-12 dm. long, diffuse, or rarely twining,
groon. leaflets of the upper leaves 2.5-7 em. long; blades ovate, dr ken -ovate,
ovate-lanceolate, not reticulate, green:
UN 21—23 mm. long ; median lobe of the
0
the el hem ellipsoid:
long, or rarely shorter, green, short-st bi
tate. [Clitoria mariana L.] , river
n
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N
‘Sum, or spr. S.
2. M. fragrans Small. Stem 1-5 dm. tall,
erect, often a branched, seit
leafle ts vl upper leaves. 2—5 long;
blades linear or rie ieee ae idu ae
glaucous: em 14-1 ong; median lobe of the a p cet longer
than the we ones: c pale-purple: standard 4.5—5 . long: blades of
the keel-petals about as long as the elaws: anthers REN pod 6-8 cm. long,
glaucous, Heed Pd E ud fragrans Small |—Scrub and sandhills, S.
part of lake region, Fla
FABACEAE 723
56. GLYCINE L. Vines with tuberous rootstocks. Leaflets 5-9.
Racemes or panicles many-flowered, dense. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip broad,
often 2-lobed: lower lip 3-lobed. Corolla di >r or chocolate-colored :
standard reflexed, the blade often broader than pla des of the wings and
keel-petals short-clawed, the former auricled " ue base, those of the latter
spiral Style spiral, glabrous. Pod turgid. [Apios Moench. ]—Five species,
natives of North America and Asi
Corolla s DUE or ehocolate-colored.: standard with the blade rounded or re-
tuse at the lower calyx-lobe s 1. G. Apios.
iie greenish- bead tinged near with rose-purple or
enta: standard with the blade po om into a spongy ap-
Bendguo at the apex: lower calyx-lobe subulate. 2. G. Priceana.
1. G. Apios L. Rootstock bearing numerous fleshy oblong, oval, or globose
tubers bar em. thick: leaflets 5-7, or rarely 3; blades ovate to lanceolate,
3-10 cm. lo ong: calyx 4-5 mm. long: aad.
ard 9— 13 long: 6—12 em. long.
r Apios te erosa d E ~
Thickets, meadows, er-banks,
uu a various eode Fla.
Minn. and N. B.—Sum.—fa The. em
were an important aboriginal food.
Priceana (B. L. Robinson) Britton
Root ock bearing an obovoid- spheroidal C€
tuber. dip tly 12-20 em. thick: leaflets 5-9, ^
rarely 3; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate: //
calyx 8-10 ] stand — (
mm.
long: pod 12-15 e m. long. [Aptos did
B. L. Robins iur Se woods, Interi
Low Plateaus, Tenn. and Ky.—Sum
. PHASEOLUS [Tourn.] L. Vines or diffuse plants. Leaflets 3 or
rarely 1. Racemes or panicles simple or branched. Calyx short and very
broad, 2-lipped, the upper lip entire or broadly 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed.
Corolla variously colored: blades the wings much smaller than that of the
standard, short-elawed: blades of Bie keel-petals not dilated at the base, short-
clawed. Style curved. Seed with rounded ends.—About 470 species, natives
jf warm and temperate regions.—BEANS. PHEASANT-FLOWERS.—The various
species i varieties furnish a great variety of beans for human food.
Perennial native plants: ovary glabro
Stem trailing: leaflets mostly broades than long.
1. P. sinuatus.
Stem climbing: leaflets mostly longer er pront
Blade of the terminal leaflet not hastat 2. P. polystachyus.
Blade of the terminal leaflet ha Ses de 3. P. smilacifolius..
Annual introduced plants: ovary pubes
EE blade 7 A mm. wide: wis eni 15 mm. long.
x 5-6 mm. long: pod turgid: ede tumi
om glabrous or poba gien nt: pod broad, over 1 cm.
wide, 12-20 c 4. P. vulgaris.
Stem retrorse me ‘pod narrow, less than 1 em.
wide, (RA. Du ng. 5. P. angularis.
Calyx 3-4 m pod flat: seeds flat 6. P. lunatus.
Standard blade: 20-30. a wide: wings 30- $4 mm. long. 7. P. adenanthus.
1. P. sinuatus Nutt. Stem glabrous or nearly S0, trailing, 1-4 m. lon ng,
branching; leaflets 3; blades deltoid-ovate in outline with 3 more or less
FABACEAE
-1
bo
He
prominent lobes, 2-4 em. long, reticulate,
mucronulate, truncate or ver y broadly cune-
ate at the base: racemes several times longer
than the ju leaves, ML ; rachis
wire-like: Pe edicels 5- a mm. long: ealyx
campanulate, 2.5— DES . long; lobe rounded
or apiculate: Re poe purple; standard
with a blade nearly 1 em. wide: ‘pod some-
what “scimitar i aped, 3.5-4 em. long.—
(WiL N.)—Dry pinelands and ham-
mocks, “Coastal pane Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
m. or all year S
2. P. polystachyus (L.) B P. Stem
minutely ‘pubescent, climbing, iu m. long,
branehing: leaflets 3, the blades ovate to
orbieular-ovate, 4—1 cm . long, acuminate, often conspicuously nerved, rounded
or subeordate at the base: racemes or panicles slender, biu Hi sub-
tending leaves, simple or compound, short- ‘peduncle ed: pedice s 4—8 mm. long:
calyx eampanulate, 2.5-3 mm. long; lobes rounded or edm mur ngular:
corolla purple or whitish : pod scimitar- eee ed, 4—8 em. long, often glaucous.
: eld Walt. ]—(BEAN-VINE. VE x stream- banks, a and a dk
and Me.
3. P. smilacifolius Pollard. Stem minutely pubescent, twining, 1-4 m. long,
mad a leaflets 3, the blades ve id thin, ovate in outline, 4—8 em. long, aeute,
more or less distinetly 3 -lobed, soon gla iu. racemes ‘usually shorter than
the subtending leaves: pedicels tends 5-15 mm. long: ealyx glabrous, cam-
panulate, 2.5-3 mm Kr lobes ro ounded: rd pu or white; blade about
1 em. wide: wings 12-14 mm. long; pod 5-6 em. long.—Hammocks, pen.
Fla.—Spr.-fall.
4. P. vulgaris L. Stem erect or climbing: petioles e: g bes rulent:
leaflets. 5-12 em. long; blades broadly ovate or iss of the terminal one
rhombie-ovate or orbieular-ovate, mostly acuminate e nicles e. ike, few-
flowered: middle lobe of the a ealyx- up triangular- -lanceolate: standard
white to purple; blade 12-16 mm. wide: wings 14-17 mm. long: Pod linear,
straight or slightly eurved: seed "12-90 mm. Lin M TRING-BEAN. POLE-BEAN.
KIDNEY-BEAN.)—Pinelands, hammocks, and waste-places, various provinces,
la. to Tex.—Sum.-fall or all year S. Nat. of Eu. and cult.
x angularis (Willd.) W. F. Wight. Stem erect, 1 m. tall or less, usualy
branched: petioles o peu leaflets 3; blades 5-11 em. long, rhombic
ae or that of the terminal on rhombic, somewhat hastately lobed, those of
the lateral ones mad n ae on one side: lobes of the upper calyx- lip broadly
rounded, glabrous or nearly so, those of dnd lower pm pee e -hirsute:
standard yellowish; blade reniform, 12-15 mm. wide: about m. long:
p narro d linear, e. mostly 7-9 em. E ong, chin: lightly a near.
apex eed lon DZUK-BEAN. SELF-PERPETUATING PEA.)—
Fields, E ay Bond banks, Coastal Plain, S Miss. and S La. Nat.
of Asia.—Sum
P. atus L. Stems twining or rarely erect: ut E. the blades 4—9 cm.
s triangular or rhombic, mostly acute: pan ongate, raceme-like,
many-flowered : Po i obe of the lower calyx. lip pus deltoid:. standard
greenish- Suc bla 7-10 mm. wide: wings 8-10 mm. long: pod broad,
scimitar- dc nc. EAN. (cu Uo and cult. grounds, Fla.—Sum
or all year S. Nat. of Eu. and e
FABACEAE 725
7. P. adenanthus G. E F. c Leaflets 2.5-6 em. long; blades ovate to
elliptic- n mostly acute: panicles slightly elo Mp em 'several-lowered: lobes
f the low noun iria ngular-lanee eolate: standard yellow, tinged with
purple; J blade 20-3 0 mm. wide; wings 30-34 mm. long, _purple- pet ba Pis
inear, curved. — Pinelands, S pen. Fla. Nat. of trop. and e
fall or all year S.
58. STROPHOSTYLES Ell. Vines or trailing plants. Leaflets 3.
Racemes or panicles cluster-like. Calyx similar to that of Phaseolus, but the
lower lip with a longer middle lobe. Corolla mainly pink-purple or white:
blades of the keel-petals n dilated at the base. Style spiral. Seed with
truncate ends. About spe ecies, American.—WILD-BEANS. | SAND-BEANS.
TRAILING-BEANS.
Calyx gaping 5 uec glabrous; lateral lobes much smaller than the others: ovary and
pod g
Perennial ant blades of the wing-petals cuneate. 1. S. umbellata.
Annual plants: blades of the wing-petals not cuneate. 2. S. helvola.
Calyx not gaping; tube “hirsute ; lateral lobes not much smaller
than the others: ovary and pod densely pubescent. 3. S. pauciflora.
S. umbellata (Muhl.) Britton. Ns trailing: leaflets 1-4 cm. long;
blades elliptic-lanceolate, varying ovate or lanceolate: corolla pink or
pale- E , often fading pun blade
of the standard reniform, 1-2 cm. broad:
2.5- -5 em. long. [Phaseolus helvolus
(Chapm. F1.)]—Dry sandy fields and woods,
ae: s and Tu Pc Fla
, Mo. and N fall.
LES iab id Ell. Stem trailing: leaf-
lets 2-4 g; blades rhombic-oval,
often 3-lobe Sd: REA purple or purplish,
fading greenish; “blade of the standard sub-
ry gin
orbicula marginate: pod 6-10 em. long
[Phaseolus diversifolius (Chapm. Fl.)]—
River shores and damp thickets, various |< —--34/77:-
and Que.— XENA
provinces, Fla. to Tex., S. D.,
Sum.-fall.
3. S. paucifiora (Benth.) S. Wats. Stem diffuse or are Ms 1.5-3.5
a long ; Ape linear to lanceolate: corolla pale pe rple; of Ld stand-
J—
-8 broad: pod 2-3
River bui various provinces, Miss. to Tex., Colo., S D., Ind Z —fall.
59. VIGNA Savi. ois Leaflets 3. Racemes or panicles cluster-like.
Calyx slightly 2-lipped, : upper lip broad, shorter than the lower lip, the
middle lobe of the aln ER slightly longer than the lateral ones. Corolla
yellow or purple: blades of the wings and the keel-petals ei broad, with
an angular or reflexed auricle at the base. Pod narrow.—About 30 species,
natives of warm and tropical regions
a oa yellow: pod 6.5 cm. long or less: seeds irregular turgid, round-cubic,
arly or quite as thick as high: plant pubescent.
Blades of the le s acute or acuminate at the apex: lower lobes of the ealyx
acute or acumina 1. V. repens
Blades of the eaflets rounded iue emarginate at the apex:
lower lobes of the calyx obtus 2. V. marina.
Corolla mainly purple or violet: Dod 12 em. long or more: seeds
reniform, flattened, much thinner than high; plant glabrous. 3. V. sinensis.
726 | FABACEAE
l. V. repens (L.) Kuntze. Stem usually pubescent throughout: leaflets a
cm. long; ue ovate to api or linear-lanceolate: calyx about 5
subulate longer
than ies standar ,
16-19 mm. long: pod 4-6.5 em. long
luteola (Jaeq.) Benth.]—Cul
waste- -places, woods, and thickets,
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.— (IF
Mez., C. A., S. A.)—A1l year.
V. arina (Berm.) Merrill.
a mainly near the nodes:
3-11 em. long; blades broadly ovate or .
orbicular-ovate, subor wees or orbicular-|~
obovate: calyx about 4 long; lower X
lobe deltoid, not. longer ore the tube;
lateral pis wider than corolla nearly
as in V. repens: pod 4- . lon rr —Shore
and waste- ee S. Fla.—(WF. I., O. W.)—Spr.—fall.
QC m
z ——
ir ———À— : "
- Ln B C
a . ae Li
1 r4 ^, pag t 1. ' ( i
a TD EU (Mee dh. D
(oC a - 2 » Lu
Wie tl AW IN. .
CSOG.u£MA E ES i
3. V. sinensis (L.) Endl. Stem iu leaflets 8-15 em. long; blades
‘ovate to ovate-hastate or hastate: 7-0 mm. long; lower lobe much
shorter than the ed Arie) narrow on a ae base; lateral lobes Lus
ally narrowed ds e base dca rd 2.5-3.5 em. wide: ’ pod 12 —20 cm. long
more.—(Cow poc EAN. pir places, fields, and ear Coastal
Plain and adj. perde "Fla. to Tex, Mo. and N. C. Nat
Sum.-fall.
60. DOLICHOS L. Herbs resembling Phaseolus, and with a similar
ealyx. Corolla with a prominently appendaged standard, very broad wings
and narrow keel-petals which are bent at
right-angles, but not coile Pod linear to
scimitar-shaped.—A bout 30 species, all
tropieal
1. D. Lablab L. Leaflets 5-13 cm. long;
ms bun xara or os E p dd
na r
zu usur corolla purple, violet, or
white; blade of the ps 16-21 mm.
"ide ' wings 17-21 mm. long: po
6-8 em. long, toothed- Pucca
13 mm. long, with a white scar.—(Hya-
CINTH-BEAN. | BLACK-BEAN. EGYPTIAN-BEAN.)—Pinelands, hammocks, and
waste- Dur pen. Il and the Keys. Nat. of E. I., and cult.—(W. I.)—
Frequently grown an ornamental vine. The erect panicles of white or
tinted force are sone acne. One-half the stamen-tube is illustrated.
61. CANAVALI Adans. Vines. Leaflets 3. Racemes or panicles mostly
erect. Calyx d gan 2-lipped, the upper lip very broad, s than the
lower lip, the 2 lobes broadly rounded, the lower lip with 3 small lobes
Corolla reds colored or white, often conspicuous: blades of fe wings a
keel-petals narrow, those of the latter with a prominent curved auricle at
the base. Pod broad.—About 15 species, natives of tropical and subtropical
regions.
FABACEAE ' 727
Blades BE we leaflets obtuse or retuse at the apex: pod mostly less than 15 cm. long:
seed b 1. C. lineata.
Blades of "the leaflets abruptly acute or acuminate: pod mostly over
15 cm. long: seed red or white. 2. C. gladiata.
C. lineata (Thunb.) DC. Leaflets 4—10 em. long; bl ades fleshy-coriaceous,
RE. to oval or obovate: ealyx eds pubescent; lower lobes obtuse:
à pin rp pod 10—12 i,
B E
Fla. and Tex. and sandy shores of Lake
yi ae Fla.— 3 Ce Ay. S.
O. W.)—A1 year.—The ” stem and
pip trail.
2. C. gladiata (Savi) DC. Leaflets 5—12
em. long; blades ovate, oval, or elliptie-
ovate, chartaceous: calyx glabrous (?);
lower lo bes acute: cor rolla white or purple
5
(HORSE “a Be
and cult. grounds, a of
(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)— En —fall L— The
stem and branches ce
62. AESCHYNOMENE L. Annual erect or diffuse plants. Leaflets
several or many. Racemes several-flowered. Calyx spathe-like, the lips re-
spectively minutely 2-lobed and 3-lobed. Corolla dini or reddish: standard
with a broad blade: wings and keel-petals with narrow cu es blades dase
are auricled at the base. Ovary bent, sparingly mu ma ment several-
dinde the sections oval or quadrate.—About 55 species, n. Fan
n warm and tropical regions.—SENSITIVE JOINT-VETCHES. SHY-LEAVES.
Standard-blade oval or ovate: pod with nearly quadrate sections. 1. 4. virginica.
Standard- blade suborbicular: pod with hemispheric or oval sec-
ions.
M separated; blades entire; pod-sections about 6 mm.
l 2. A. pratensis.
Leafiets nearly contiguous ; blades ciliate-denticulate near the
ex: pod-sections about 3 mm, wide. 3. A. americana.
A. virginica (L.) B. S. P. Plant 2-15 dm. tall: leaflets mostly 25-55:
blades linear to elliptic-linear, 3-12 mm. ee calyx-lips 3-3.5 mm. long:
t
blades of the keel-petals an g-pe
row above the auricle: p ie
straight-edged, the Ives not reticulate
a Michx.]|—Swamps, river-banks,
ditches, and aoe [4 ii Coastal Pe and
>
. A. pratensis Small Plant 9-20 dm. tall:
leaflets mostly 15-25; blades narrowly
ipti . long: 5 mm
blade of the standard suborbicular,
10-13 mm. jer blades of the keel and
wing-petals slightly narrowed abov the
auricles: Dod sealloped-edged, the Mn
oval, Maie dia ie ades, S pe &.—
et —The lower part of the stem is usually thickly coated with spongy
798 FABACEAE
3. A. americana L. Plant up to 2 m. tall: leaflets mostly 21—61; udis vid
linear, 9-9 mm. long, mueronate and ciliate-denticulate near the a apex: calyx-
ong; 8 a in
obovate above the auricle: pod Straight on one edge, scalloped on the other,
the sections nearl half-orbicular, pubescent and often n warty on the faces.—
Waste-places, road-sides, and ditches, M pen. Fla.—Spr—sum.
63. SECULA Small. Herbs with prostrate stems and branches. Leafiets
the narrower blades and abruptly bent. Loment few-jointed, the sections half-
orbicular.—About 10 species, most abundant in tropical America.-—Spr.—fall
d mostly i Mn prominently reticulate beneath: loment viscid- Doe CEDE
joints about 5 lon 1. S. viscidula,
PA n SAn 11-28; „blades not reticulate: loment not viscid ;
joints about 3 mm 2. S. Hystric.
1. S. viscidula (Miehx.) Small. Plant sticky- por the branches aes
dm. lon 1g, w oe an a spreading hairs: leaflets 5—7, or rarely more
t
mm. long: ovary a y pubescent:
loment-joints about 5 mm. long and 4 mm.
wide, T with EROR viscid hairs and
long stiff hairs. [Aeschynomene viscidula
S. Hystrix (Poir. Small Plant fine
pubescen t, the branehes mostly less than 1
EU m
and wi ewer long spreading ha f
lets 17—25 arely fewer; blades narrowly
elliptic to linear-elliptic, 3-5 mm. long, not reticulate, eae dd
beneath with lax hairs: lateral lobes of the d ealyx-lip acute andard
4.5-5 mm. long: ovary sparingly de. loment-joints about 3n mm. long
and 2.5 mm. wide, m with short crisped hairs.—Waste-places and road-
ca. W Fla. Nat. of trop. Am
64. ARACHIS L. Perennial low herbs. Leaflets few: blades entire.
Pores solitary in the lower leaf-axils. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip broad,
3-lobed at the the lower lip narrow and elongate. Corolla yellow or
whitish: standard very broad, notched at the apex: wings with relatively ee
and broad blades: d -petals much smaller than the wings, auricled. od sub
terranean, turgid, constricted between the seeds.—Six or seven species, ve
South American.
1. A. hypogaea L. Stem and branches decumbent: leaves rather numerous ;
stipules e anc e acuminate; leaflets usually 4, the blades elliptie to
FABACEAE | 729
obovate, 1.5-5 em. long, finely ipud
flowers slender-pedicelled: calyx 9-11 m
long: corolla yellow; standard 12-15 mm.
long, the Es nu suborbieular; keel much
aF
uj
td
sh 8: pod
ii ie a (Ps ANU PINDERS
2 anim mocks,
com ly, in many tropic and tem-
erate esit for its seeds—‘ ‘nuts’’—
whieh a sed as ood and a sagan
Although Du Mond escaped in most re-
gions, in others, especially in enn p
N. C., it is abundantly established. .
65. ZORNIA Gmel. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaflets 2 or 4. Spikes
ee bracted. Flowers of one kind. Corolla yellow or variously colored :
standard with a broad blade: blades of the
wings broadened upward, auricled on one
side: blades of the keel eus lunate, not
auricled. . Loment with several iE
joints.—About 12 species, all Amer
1. Z. bracteata (Walt.) Gmel Stem 1-7
dm. tall, strigillose: leaflets often 4; blades
oval to elli ni or nearly linear: spi ikes few-
flowered; bracts 7--11 m m. long, reticulate,
auricled: oe e ciliate, the lower one
about as long as the tube: corolla yellow;
standard 9-12 mm. long: pod 1-2 cm. long,
3 :
o
—4-jointed. Z. tetraphylla Michx.]—
Pi a and sandy roadsides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—(Menz.)
—Spr.-s
66. STYLOSANTHES Sw. Perennial tufted herbs. Leaflets 3; blades
veiny. Flowers of two kinds, the one complete, but sterile, the other without
standard witl
perianth, but pi Corolla yellow or orange: ard with a very broad
ade: blades of the wings and the keel-petals auricled, the latter incurved.
Tonent turgid, ^ or c ed the lower joint empty, the upper one veiny,
opening at the apex.—About 30 species, natives of warm and temperate regions.
—PENCIL-FLOWERS.
Flower accompanied by an appendage within the bract: standard scarcely clawed:
ealyx of complete flower less m 3 mm. long: pod slender-beaked.
Pod with soft, silky hairs mostly on the lower joint; upper JOE eurved into a
hook. . S. hamata.
Pod with stiff ame HO all over both joints; beak straight or
curved at the a 2. S. calcicola.
Flower not accompanied y an appendage within the bract: d
decidedly Dart calyx of complete flower about 4 m g:
pod stout-beaked.
Blades of the ‘Ieafiets prevailingly narrow, narrowly elliptic to
lanceolate or oblanceolate: calyx with middle lobe Ws lower lip
lanceolate: terminal joint of pod with the beak lateral. 3. S. biflora.
Blades of the leaflets prevailingly Ta. oval to. Drondiy ob-
lanceolate or cuneate-obovate: calyx with middle lobe of lower
lip ovate: terminal joint of pod with the beak nearly axial. 4. S. riparia.
730 FABACEAE
S. hamata (L.) Taub. Stem stout, ascending or decumbent: blades of the
leaflets elliptic to elliptic. obovate, 1-2 em. long or shorter, sparingly pubes-
cent, acute: lobes of the calyx-lips i n the
n so, hooked.—H
Florida an and locally in the peninsula.—
All yea
S. calcicola Small. Stem slender, de-
te: style in i
incomple ower much shorter than the ovary: terminal Sont of the pod
ellipsoid, with several eross-ribs, the beak much shorter than the body, eurved.—
Pinelands, Everglade Keys, S Fla ——All yea
3.. S. biflora (L.) B. S. P. Stem and branches upright, p stiff, finely
pM (more or less hispid in S. biflora hispidissima a): leaflets 0.9-3.5
m. long; lades dera ii A ue) elliptie varying to UA or oblance-
S ne . . . LJ .
Tai
e 1 Dey sandy T often in wo oS 'arious provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans.,
— Sum S. floridana Blake has o hispid inflorescence.
3
4. riparia n Stem and Tr decumbent, sometimes long and
pliable finely pubescent: leaflets 1-1.8 em. long; blades ee oval to
broadly oblanceolate or seer rey Rare pine joint of the pod slightly
inequilateral, mostly 3—4 mm. Long, the beak nearly axial. cn soil, often
on grassy banks, various provi , Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Pa.—Sum — For
with iuis narrow leaflets, ee on the lower parts “Of the branches, occur
in the range,
67. CHAPMANNIA T. & G. Perennial herbs. Leaflets 5-7. Flowers
of two kinds, the one eet but not fruit-producing, the other imperfect and
fruit-producing. Calyx 2-lipped; upper lip
with 4 short lobes; lower lip with 1 longer
lobe. Corolla yellow, fugaceous: standard
: wings
and keel-petals dissimilar in shape, neither
ricled. Loment nearly terete, 1—4-jointed.
—Onhne species.
. C. floridana T. & G. Plant 2-11 dm.
tall, hirsute, virgately branched: leaflets
0— T; blad d Dd oblanceolate,
cuneate, n Ud ; 9-20 mm. long: calyx
ida com E 7—1 mm. M uv Be
1-3 long, t
longitudinally ps po AT nM ae pinelands, pen. Fla.—Spr.-
FABACEAE 731
68. MEIBOMIA Heister. Herbs or shrubs, sometimes vines. Leaflets 3,
or rarely 1 or 5. Racemes simple or compound. Calyx 2-lipped, sometimes
obscurely so, ds mid lobe of ve lower lip often Sis or narrower and
longer than the lateral ones. Corolla variously colored or white: standard
with a broad blade: blades of the wings and the keel-petals b on one
side, short-elawed. Loment few-several-jointed, usually with hooked hairs.
[Desmodium (Fl SE. U. S.)]—4About 160 species, natives of [eme and
i j um.-fall
corollas of our species are purple or violet, or rarely white.— TICK-TREFOILS.
STICK-TIGHTS. TICK-CLOVERS. — Species are grown for fodder.
Loment ed into nearly separate rhomboidal, half-rhomboidal, or half-orbieu-
lar joints.
Boron. s aight a above, deeply constricted below, Mu e
Peduncle arising from the base of the plant: pod lon
stipitate. I. NUDIFLORAE.
Peduncle terminati ing the stem: pod short-stipitate. II. GRANDIFLORAE.
POTERE T both above and no but usually
deeply below than abov
Constrictions deeper below than abov
and branches trailing or Cec aine III. ROTUNDIFOLIAE.
Stem and branches erect or ascending. V. PANICULATAE.
SCEICHOnE equally o on both edges of the loment. V. PURPUREAE.
Loment not constricte ~ into separate joints, straight above,
merely undulate belo VI. SUPINAE.
I.
Leaves approximate at the top of the cis pnm flowering l .
stem (peduncle) leafless. 1. M. nudiflora.
II. GRANDIFLORAE
Leaves more or less clustered at the base of the peduncle: co-
rolla purple. 2. M. acuminata.
Leaves scattered, distant, along the stem: corolla white. 3. M. A
II. o o ee
Blades of the leaflets narrow, elliptic to linea 4. M. polymorpha.
Blades of the leafiets broad, a oe to oti
ets with suborbicular ad if narrower, the ra-
emes axillary.
Leaflets mostly less than 2.5 cm. long, leathery, the
blades abr te. 5. M. arenicola.
Leaflets ostly over 2.5 cm. long, the blades mem-
a. DSen. 6. M. Michauzii.
am^ ui a. or oval blades: racemes terminal as
axillary.
Corolla. Cine olored or ochroleucous: stipules ovate:
acemes mostly simple. 7. M. ochroleuca.
Corolla purple: stipules subulate: racemes mostly pan-
culate. l 8. M. glabella.
IV. PANICULATAE l
Petioles wanting or very short. 9. M. sessilifolia.
Petioles manifest.
eaflets with narrowly linear blades
Joints of the pod e a nearly straight or a depressed
baek, somewhat triangular in outlin 10. M. stricta.
Joints of the po with a rounded back, not triangular
in outline. 11. M. tenuifolia.
Leaflets with lanceolate to ovate or rhomboidal blades,
not linear, except in No. 17.
Joints of the loments manifestly longer than broad.
Md Bubtending the flowers small and inconspicu-
lades of the leaflets reticulate. 12. M. canescens.
Bracts _subtending the flowers conspicuous, ostly
dE . long: blades of the leaflets for re- |
Tene pubescent : bracts ciliate and pubescent. 13. M. longifolia.
Leaves glabrous: bracts not ciliate and otherwise
glabrous. 14. M. grandifiora.
Joints of the loments barely longer than broad.
192 FABACEAE
O predominantly more than 3.
nt long-stipitate.
eaflet-blades glabrou us or sparingly pubescent
eneath, but not velvety.
Leaflet- blades green ur ea pus
Loment-joints ro nded angled on
e dorsal suture thus scalloped.
pein blades thin, not reticulate,
rous or ane ely pubescent
iupra ox the leaflets-broad, of
elliptie, ovate or lan-
Ce dieto pe.
Stem glabrous or nearly so:
joints the lomen
. M. paniculata.
what angled on the dorsal. 16. af. pubens.
Du or linear- lanceolate
17. M. Chapmanii.
Leaflet.l blades thick, reticulate-
veined ra dies stiffly pubescent
beneath. 18. M. rhombifolia.
Loment-joints straight on the back,
e dorsal suture thus d even. 19. A. Dillenii.
et-blades glaucous e 20. Af. laevigata
blades velvety b . 21. AM pun
Loment sessile or short-stipitate. 22; nadensi
iomen cae predominantly fewer than 3.
Leafiet-blades scabrous or pubescent and ciliate.
Terminal leaflet usually twice as long as
wide. 23. M.? os
Terminal leaflet little longer in wide. 24. M. cilia
Leaflet-blades smooth and glabro 25. M. ae DUE
V. PunP E
Tall light-green plant, with slender Spreading branches. 26. M. purpurea.
| VI. SUPINAE
Depressed, prostrate, or reclining dark-green plant. 21. M. cana.
M. nudiflora (L.) a ze. Leaves clustered on the short decumbent or
ascending x leaflets 28 em. 1008 i des oval or ovate: standard 8-10
ong: wings not iut =
side: joints of the loment 3 wide.
[ D. pea DC.]— Woodlands ide hill-
sides, various provinces, Fla. to La., Kan
Ont., and Me.
- em mou
-———— ag
2. M. minata (Michx.) Blake. ua
unc E y end of the short erect
leaflets 8—13 em. long, the rers s broadly
ovate to orbicutar: ovate: sta ard 7—9
o
ng: v
side: foment scat 4.5-6 mm. wide.
acuminatum untze.] — Woodlands and
thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex
Minn., Que., and Me.
?3
3. M. paucifora ( Nutt.) Kuntze. ipie: pcena Or ene leaflets 3;
blades ovate rhombic-ovate, 2.5—8 . lon rolla white: standard 4—5
mm. long; "o Pu ecc m very poss dive Ah ng; loment-joints 5-5.5
mm. wide. [D. P cR d Nutt.]—Rieh woods, various provinces, Fla. t
Tex., Kans., Ont.,
FABACEAE 733
4. M. polymorpha (A. Gray) Small. Stem spreading: stipules subulate or
with a lanceolate base: leaflets 1-3; blades linear is d ie, 1-3 em. long:
lateral calyx-lobes cy p standard mostly o 4.5 ng: loment-
joints half-rhombie wide. ([M. o Ia polymorpha Vail.]—
Pinelands, Coastal an a d La.
5. M. arenicola Vail. Stem prostrate: pu pus lanceolate: leaflets 1—5;
blades ovate- ipd to suborbicular, 1-2.5 e ong: a calyx-lobes ovate,
cs or acutish pen uide less than 4. 5 mm. long: loment- um elliptic
or oval, but inequilatera 2.5 wide. [D. linea ae (Miehx.) DC.]—
Sandy soil, often in pine pea aa Plain and adj. Donum EA to La
and Md.
6. M. Michauxii Vail. Stem prostrate: stipules ovate: leaflets 3; blades
ees 3-6 em. long: res Nri -lobes lanceolate, longer than kd
1 lo
tube, mi inate: standard 9-1 ong: loment-joints rounded on
side half. rhombic on the other, abont $ 3 m wide. TD . rotundifolium (Mich: x. E
c.]— DOLLAR-LEAF.)—Open woods a N. various provinces, Fla.
" La., Minn., Ont., and Mass.
7. M. ochroleuca (M. A. Curtis) eee bun decumbent: leaflets 3;
blades rhombic- oe renee green, 2-5 ong: lower calyx-lobes lanceo-
late, longer than the tube, the middle one tightly the dioi standard 4-6
mm. long: keel-petals distinctly clawed: loment-joints oval to su dp c the
sides glabrous.—Woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Mo. and
J.
S
8. M. glabella (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem procumbent: leaflets 2. e em. long;
blades ovate or oval, bright-green: lower calyx-lobes lanceolate, longer than
the tube, the middle one the largest: standard 7-9 mm. long: ke B -petals not
aurieled, the blade extending to the base: loment-joints half-rhombic, the
sides pubescent. [D. glabellum DC. D. hwmifusum DO.]—S8San AR soil, often
in roeky plaees, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Mas
- M. sessilifolia (Torr.) Kuntze. Stem erect: stipules linear: leaflets 2-5
. long; blades linear or linear-elliptie, dg pubescent ben ERA ouk a
o lobes deltoid, the markedly longer lower one triangular-l
standard 5-6 mm. long: wings dilated near the tip: loment- a Bees
half-obovate, 3-3.5 mm. wide.—W oods, open COD and river shores, various
provinces, Miss. to Tex., Kans., Mich., and Mas
10. M. stricta (Pursh) Kuntze. Stem erect: stipules setaceous: leaflets 2-5
cm. p blades linear, retieulate, glabrous: lateral ci d peres E
much longer lower one linear-subulate: stan d 28:
dilated at the apex: loment-joints obliquely oho QE
[D. strictum DC.]—Woods and pinelands, Coastal Plain eg adi. pos ms
Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. J.
11. M. tenuifolia (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stem lax: stipules subulate: Jeaflets
3-8 em. long; bl pé linear: lateral ealyx-lobes mostly shorter than the tube,
the lower we not much longer: standard 3-4 mm. long, br rr obovate:
- androecium 3—4 mm. long: loment-joints obliquely obo ovate, about 2 wide.
i tenuifolium T. & G.]—Sandhills and pinclaside. Coastal Plain, “Fa. to
12. M. e (L.) Kuntze. Stem erect: stipules ovate: leaflets 3-10 em.
long; blades ovate to ovate-rhomboid: lateral ealyx-lobes lanceolate, longer
than the tube, arate. the lower lobe longer and slender-tipped: standard 9-12
734 FABACEAE
. long, narrowly obovate: androecium 9-11 mm. long: loment-joints half-
fence 4.5-5.5 mm. wide. [D. canescens DC.]—Fenee rows, ou and
edges of woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Mas
13. M. longifolia (T. & G.) Vail. Stem erect: stipules ov pa lanceolate: leaf-
lets 5-11 em. long; blades lanceolate, lanceolate-ovate, or rate, acuminate:
t ower lob i
a uch longer: co rol
standard elliptic-obovate, 7-9 mm. long: loment-joints inequilaterally rhombie,
the one side very prominent.—Low woods, and stream- banks, various provinees,
Ala. to La. and Ill.
14. M. grandiflora (Walt.) Stem erect: stipules lanceolate: leaflets 5-15 cm.
long; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate or long-acuminate: lateral
ealyx-lobes ncaa the lower lobe slightly longer: standard broadly
mew
hom
ore prominent e the other. [D. IU Hook. M. bracteosa (L.)
Kuntze Ee hills, thickets, and clearings, various provinces, Pla. to Tex.,
Minn., Ont., and Me.
M. paniculata (L.) Kuntze. Stem glabrous or nearly so: stipules subu-
1
late: leaflets 3-9 cm. long; blades mainly elliptic to lanceolate, obtuse or
acutish: lateral calyx-lobes triangular, sometimes deltoi , acute, the lower
a andard e
lobe decidedly longer and attenuate: standard cuneate or cuneate-obovate,
l-petals about ong as the standard: loment-joints
de, the ventral side prominently rounded, the sal side curved
[ D. ne porri soil, often in woods, various provinces, Fla. to
16. M. " & G.) Young. Stem puberulent or finely pubescen
stipules iuter EM 2—7 em. long; blades mainly ovate-elliptie to elliptic.
n age mostly twice or thrice as long as wide: lateral ealyx-lobes triangu-
la t
stan der onger th
loment-joints 3-4 mm. wide, entral side rather prominently angled, the
dorsal side angled. [D. pone pubens T. & — Woods pe LM -banks,
Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and A
17 hap ae Dm Small. E dd Or dE d glabrous:
stipules ue. 3—11 em. long; blades r linear-lanceolate,
se bis a eina ps vide: lateral E lobes deltoid o or Bu PM id, the
lower lobe mueh lon pu standard oe 4-6 mm. long: keel-petals longer
den the ee nda rd: loment-joints 4-5 mm. wide, the dors al side prominently
es oe the ventral nie rou REI [ D. panioviatum A us T. & G. M.
paniculata Chapmanii Britton ]—W oods low grounds, Coastal Plain and
nn ue adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., nd and Va.
18. M. rhombifolia o Vail. Stem pubescent: stipules subulate: leaflets
5-9 em. long; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath: lateral
calyx-lobes lanceolate, "M lower lobe scarcely longer: standard Vade mm. long:
keel-petals mostly shorter than the pe loment-joints 3.5—4 mm. wide, the
ventral side abruptly rounded. [D. floridanum Chapm. each ads: and open
woods, Coastal Plain and adj. Nod. Fla. to La. and Va.
19. M. Dillenii E ERA | Stem’ glabrous or sparingly pubescent:
stipules subulate: leaflets 4—10 e ong; blades elliptic or elliptic-ovate, p^
scabrous: lateral calyx- lobes Re the lower lobe longer but ae -
wide: corolla bright-purple; standard narrowly obovate, 5-6 mm. long: 1 E
joints obliquely rhombic, much longer ag wide. = us 2 L1 Thick.
ets and woods, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Minn.
FABACEAE 735
20. M. reat (Nutt.) Kuntze. Stem often glaucous: stipules subulate:
leaflets 4—11 cm. long; blades ov od to ovate-elliptie, glabrous and glau
beneath: pes calyx- -lobes lanceolate, the lower d decidedly longer: stand-
es 8-9 mm. long: keel-petals mo us ‘lo onger than standard: loment-joints
2.5-3 mm. wide , the ventral side gradually rounde i * [D. laevigatum (Nutt.)
DC. ]—Pinelands and dry woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to
Tex., Mo., and N. J.
21. BÉ a, r Ku uA ear downy: stipules Hi leaflets
4—9 e ong; blades elliptie to or ovate-oblong, densely pubescent be-
Ber ert calyx- “lobes deltoid, pe than the tube, the dum lobe lanceo-
late, lon ngor and narrower; corolla pale- purple, turning green; standard broadly
lo
obovate , 6-9 mm. long: loment-joints about as wide as long, obliquely obovate.
D. viridiflorum Beck.]—Dry woods, vido provinees, Fla. Tex., Mo.,
Mich., and N. Y.
22. M. canadensis (L.) Kuntze. Stem pubescent: stipules lanceolate-linear :
leafiets 4—10 cm. long; Ae elliptie or elliptie-lanceolate, pubescent beneath:
upper calyx-lip Uu ne ched; Bn ealyx-lobes subulate-lanceolate, longer
than the tube, the lower one sca cely lon vl : Ended narrowly obovate, 8—10
mm. nee loment- -joints obliquely obovate. [D. canadense (L.) DC.]— (Bu USH
TICK- dr )—Hi anks, woods, enous provinces, rarely Coastal Plain,
N. o Okla., Kans., Ont., eu N. B.
23. M. rigida (Ell) Kuntze. Stem minutely pubescent: leaflets 2.5-8 cm
long; blades ovate- en or elliptic, pubescent and reticulate pared lateral
ealyx-lobes deltoid, , the lower ‘lobe triangular: standard 4-5 mm. long:
stipe of the lom ent MR less than lo as long as the joints. [D. rigidum DC. ]
—Dry thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Mich., and Mas
24. a Bic (Muhl) Blake. Stem hirsute or minutely pubescent: leaflets
1-2.5 long; blades orbieular-ovate or oval, sparingly ae ee puru
prey pe iem -lobes deltoid, acute, the lower lobe lanceolate: standard 4—
long: stipe of the loment % a s long as the joint.—Dry soil, pm on hillsides,
and sandy fields, various pines Fla. to Te x, Nebr., "Mi ch., and Ont
(Men,
25. M. marylandica (L.) Kuntze. pud glabrous or rarely with bul
hairs: stipules subulate: leaflets 1-2.5 long; blades ovate or sometimes
duin E -or Me iptic, glabrous or ee SO: Poi calyx- lobes ovate,
obtuse, the lower lobe scarcely longer: standard 3.5 m. long: loment-
PES oblique “ED. marylandicum Boott M. obtusa "uhi Vail]—NWoods,
thiekets, and hillsides, various provinees, Fla. to La., Mo., Mich., and M
26. M. purpurea (Mill) Vail Stem pubescent, 1-3.5 m. tall: stipules ovate:
leaflets 2-11 em. long; blades ovate, ovate- -elliptic, or elliptic, pubescent, and
n reticulate beneath: lateral calyx x-lobes linear-lanceolate: standar
lo ong, o at the base: keel- o obliquely pointed: loment- -joints
r 2.5 mm. wide. [D. tortuosum (Sw.) DC.]—(FLORIDA-BEG--
GARWEED. .)— Rondsides fields, and hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—
(W. I., , C. A. 8. A., O. W.)
27. M. cana (Gmel) Blake. Shrub with glabrous or nearly glabrous MS
stipules lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate: leaflets about 2 em. long; blades val
or elliptie: lateral PS obes lanceolate: standard 5—6 mm. long, trunea E Or
wei jd ey ve the short claw: oe 5-6 mm. long: loment-joints
de, much longer. [D. incanum VW M. supina (Sw.) Britton]
a ons S "Fla.— —(W. I., “Me ex., C. A. S. 0. W.)
736 FABACEAE
69. SAGOTIA Dueh. & Walp. Perennial diffuse or prostrate herbs.
Leaflets 3. prae much reduced, of 2—4 flowers in a cluster, axillary to or
opposite a leaf, or flower solitary. Calyx
2-lipped, the upper — partly united.
Corolla blue, purple, white: standard
ee a broad long- amt blade: blades of
wing- yam angled at the base. Loment
Pads ——Three species, natives of the
Old World, the following perhaps also native
in the
1. S. triflora (L.). Duch. & Walp. Ste tem pro-
cumbent or TE o nt, the branches
more or less elongate, but closely creeping:
m
ar m. long,
purplish-pink, e a o. narrowed into a long claw: androecium 3—4 mm. long:
loment-joints 2-2.5 wide, scarcely longer. [Desmodium triflo rum DO.
M eibomia pin Kuntze]- -Pinelands, roadsides, and cult. Eben pen. pem
W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Resembles Lespedeza striata in | habit Used as
lawn- -eover.
70. ALYSICARPUS Neck. Herbs. Leaflet 1. Racemes terminal, few-
flowered. Calyx narrow, 2-lipped; lobes narrow, the 2 of the upper lip more
united and shorter than the 3 of the lower lip. Corolla purple or blue: stand-
ard with a broad blade longer than the claw: blades of the keel- and wing-
petals with a rounded shoulder at the base, that of the keel the less promi-
nent, rather long-clawed. Ovary slender. Loment, several-jointed, with or
without eonstrietions.—A bout 16 species, natives of the Old World tropies.—
Sum.-fall or all year
Calyx-lobes ue those of the upper lip united about half-way: du with
sd
i os sutur A. vaginalis.
Calyx-lobes acumi fiat those of the upper lip anes to near the
ips: loment deeply constricted between the joints 2. A.rugosus.
1. A. vaginalis (L.) DC. Stem s branched at the base, the slender a
more or less diffuse, up to 1 ong: blades of the leaflets of various shapes,
nt, D
"uu pel em. long, ead pois e alyx
4.5—5. long; low = bes apne
lanceolate, "finely striate, pt inate rolla
purple; ds reds broadly mutis obovate
.0—06. pu loment 1.5-2.5 em. long
. linear, ue r the joints truncate, : reticu-
a Eid "our than wide.—(FALSE-
WORT.)—Low pinelands and waste-
pees pen. Fla.—(W. I.,
e A. rugosus (Willd.) ps Stem more or
diffusely branched,
lados of the jd elliptie 1 to lanceolate or
niu N 2-7 em. long, reticulate:
calyx 6-7 mm. long; lower pod lanceolate,
FABACEAE | 737
nae gig! a narrowly ages corolla purplish; standard obovate-
cuneate, 5-6 m ong: loment 1-2 cm. long, constricted at the node es, the
ns pos tu Ae Suborbic ub coarsely bis a wrinkled.—W aste-places
and roadsides, S pen. Fla. Nat. ‘of trop. regio
71. LESPEDEZA Michx. Herbs or shrubs. Leaflets 3 or rarely 1.
Flowers perfect, but sometimes partially apetalous. Calyx 2-lipped, the 2
] ited. Corolla
upper lobes more or less united. pink, purple, yellow, or white:
standard with a broad blade: blades of the wings and the keel-petals auricled
on one side, long-clawed. Loment with 1 or 2 joints. About 40 species,
USH-
natives of eastern North ‘America, Asia, and Australia.—Sum.-fall.—
OVERS.
Plant annual: stipules ovate: calyx-lobes about as wide as long. I. STRIATAE,
Plant perennial: stipules subulate, calyx-lobes much longer than
wide.
Flowers of 2 ae petaliferous and apetalous : calyx-lobes
shorter than pod: corolla purple or purplish. II. VIOLACEAE.
Flowers all ae petali ferous : oe whitish or yellowish
(or purple or white in L. bico
Panicles open: ealyx-lobes much CHO HERE than the pod. III. BICOLORES.
Panicles e sr usually capitate: calyx-lobes fully as
ong a e pod. 7. CAPITATAE.
I. STRIATAE
Low diffuse slender plant: leaflets mostly ee than 2.5 cm. long.
1. L. striata.
II. VIOLACEAE
Flower-elusters slender-peduncled, mostly surpassing the
eaves,
pe flowers in spike-like or head-like clusters.
S 2 a at the base: branches trailing or pro-
Foliage E R or pubescent with appressed hairs.
Pod 3-4 mm. long: stem pubescent. 2, L.repens.
Pod 5-6 mm. long: stem essentially glabrous, at
least below. 3. L.
Foliage downy or woolly. 4, L.pr rocumbens.
Stem upright. 5. L. ae iuda
Petaliferous flowers in loose or close Dt 6. L.v
Flower- undis of both kinds sessile or nearly
Le with suborbicular, oval or elliptic ‘blades.
— mm, long; lobes as long as the pod or
lon 7. L. simulata.
Calyx” 2- ‘3 mm. lo ong; lobes much shorter than the pod.
Foliage glabrate, or pubescent with appressed hairs. 8. L. Nits hac
Foliage down 9. L. Stuv
Leafiets with linear or elliptic-linear blades.
oliage downy 10. L. neglecta.
Foliage finely Y appressed pubescent or glabrate. 11. L. virginica.
III OLO
Tall perennial plant, with slender branches, dues p
cent leaflets, and lax panicles or purple or white flower 12. L. bicolor.
IV. CAPI
Leaflets with suborbicular, oval, ovate, or Sige blades.
Peduncles longer than the leaves : ‘spike cylindric. 13. L. hirta.
eduncles Eee than t : Spike "USE IODOSe: 14. L. capitata.
Leaflets with linear to linear-elliptic * blades
Bracts and Gin -lobes conspicuously ‘long-tipped : calyx
about 8 mm. long. 15. L. longifolia.
Bracts and calyx-lobes not conspicuously long-tipped : calyx
about long. 16. L. angustifolia.
1. L. striata (Thunb.) H. & A. Plant erect or diffuse, 1-4 dm. tall: leaflets
8-25 mm. long; blades elliptic to elliptic-obovate: calyx 2-2.5 mm. long;
47
738 FABACEAE
lobes ovate: standard purple or pinkish
odie striped with white: keel-petals 5- 7
lon ong: pod somewhat longer than the
ae — (J APANESE-CLOVER.) — Roadsides,
fields, and woods, various provinces, Fla.
- Tex. Mo., and N. J.—Nat. of Asia.—
reque ntly ove rruns pastures, fields, and
roadsides, especially in poor soil, where it
is gra zed by horses and cattle.
2. L. repens (L. 2 Bart. Plant deti
leaflets 6-15 long: blades oval
. long; ic e
longer than the tube, subulate, acuminate:
eorolla white and pink; iis -petals 6-7 mm
long: pod 3.5-4.5 mm. long.—Dry plac
and roadsides, various RE M Fla. to. Tex., Minn., and Conn.
- x texana Britton. Plant similar to L. repens in habit: A od. 10—26
long; blades elliptie to elliptie- bor calyx 2-2.5 mm. lon ng; lower
lobes shorter than the tube, lanceolate to deltoid, acute: keel- petals 5 -6 mm
long: pod s pee times longer than the calyx. —Dry soil and prairies, Coastal
Plain, Miss.
4. L. procumbens Mic Plant me dr 10-25 mm. long;
blades oval or elliptie, o or e E obovate x 4—5.5 mm. long; lobes
Mind about twice as long as the tube: ma E 4.5-5.5 mm. long, or
sometimes lon nger: style mostly glabrous: pod 4-5 mm. long. —Dry banks and
facade various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. H.
L. Nuttallii nu Plant 5—10 dm. tall, often copiously p leaflets
8- 20 mm. long; blades obovate, oval, or suborbicular : alyx . long;
in linear-lanceolate, somewhat longer than the tube: iei pectus pubes-
pod 6-8 mm. ong. —Thickets and woods, various provinces, Fla. to
Kans, Mich., and N. H.
6. L. violacea X Pers. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, diffuse, fred e
leaflets 9-20 mm. long; blades elliptie or ova al: eal ong: pod
short-beaked, 5-6 mm. long, with short ees coe us banks
tly
and thicket- dc various provinces, “Fla. to La., Kans., Minn., and N. H.
7. L. simulata Mackenzie & Bush. Plant 6-9 dm. tall, pubescent: aor
12-20 mm. long; blades elliptic to linear-elliptic, silvery-pubescen
9.95—6.5 mm. long; lobes of the upper p e to below the middle: n 2:3
6.5-7.5 mm. long; blade elliptic: pod 4.5-5.5 mm. long.—Stony soil, often in
woods or on plains, various provinces, Tox to Mo., Conn., and Pa.
L. frutescens (L.) Britton. Plant 3-10 dm. tall, appressed pubescent or
glabrate: leaflets 10-35 mm. long; blades oval or elliptie, je Ed
t 5 mm. lon od o
beneath: calyx 3-4 mm. long: standard abou ng: po l or oval-.
. lon
— 6-7 mm. long.—Dry soil, often in Bed. od various oc Fla.
o Tex., Minn., Ont., and Me.
9. L. Stuvei Nutt. Plant 6—12 dm. tall, es or downy: leaflets 9-20 m
calyx 2-3 mm. long; lobes subulate, those of the upper lip m to b vues the
e: standard 5-6 mm. long; blade M en A pod beaked, 4—6
middl
Tem dud pubescent —Rocky shores and woods, various provinces, Ala.
to Tex., Ark., Mich., and Vt.
FABACEAE 139
10. L. neglecta (Britton) Mackenzie & Bush. Plant similar to L. E in
habit and pubescence, but smaller: blades of the leaflets inen to line
elliptic: calyx 2.5-3 m m, long; e lanceolate, those of the upper lip united
mostly to above the middle : pod oval, 6—7 mm. long, short-beaked.—Dry s
Coastal Plain and d. adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mo., and N. x
11. L. virginica (L.) Britton. Plant 3-11 dm. tall, appressed-pubescent:
leaflets 12-35 mm. long; blades linear to linear- elliptic, sometimes finely
5-
pubescent beneath: calyx 3—4.5 mm. long: pod elliptic to ovate, 5-6 m . long,
oe pubeseent.—Dry woods and barrens, various provinces, Fla. "m Tex.,
, Ont., and N. H.
12. L. bicolor pole Plant up to 3 m. tall, finely appressed-pubescent: leaf-
lets 11-65 mm. long; blades obovate, oval, elliptie, or ovate, pubescent beneath,
espeeially on or nr WE midrib: ealyx 5—6 mm. long: pod elliptie to oval,
narrowed at both 7-8 mm. long, oo and strigillose. — Roadsides,
waste-places, and ood Fla. to N. C. Nat an.
13. L. hirta (L.) El. Plant 5-12 oe tall, the hee villous: leaflets eee mm.
r: calyx
long; blades oval to suborbicular 6- e . long; lobes 3-4 t as
long as the tube: style glabrous: pod 7-8 m zd ng.—Dry woods, Sd ade
and fields, various 3 provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Me.
14. L. capitata Michx. Plant 5-16 dm. tall, the stem usually velutinous with
short spreading hairs: leaflets 25-35 mm. long; pmi o to oval, ser iceous,
specially beneath: calyx about 9 mm. long: corolla 7-8 mm. long, yellowish-
white: style pubescent: pod elliptic, 5-5.5 mm. a DUSTY. CLOVER. )—Dry,
often sandy soil in woods, various provinces, Fla. to d Nebr., Minn., and
15. L. ep nien. DC. Plant 5-12 dm. tall, the stem densely velutinous; leaflets
bl
25—60 mm. long; blades ae to linear- -elliptic, aga en sericeous, es pecially
beneath: calyx about 8 mm. long: corolla 8-9 mm. long, w White: pod ae
about 6 m ong. Bi ami and fields, various e nee Ala. to La., Ia.
and Ky.
16. L. yd rie (Pursh) Ell. Plant 6—10 dm. tall, e n closely fine-
e hai . long; blades
lin n
those A the upper, id iai dr Seeks about 6 mm. long: corolla
. long, whitish or cream-color: pod oval to suborbicular, about 4 mm.
long Dry soil, open aed. and pi ec various provinces, Fla. to La., Mich.,
and Mas
"72. VICIA [ Tourn.] L. Trailing or pen herbs. Leaflets few or
many: blades entire, or toothed at the apex. Racemes few—many-flowered,
usually l-sided. Calyx more or less 2-lipped: "dones of the lower lip usually
longer than those of the upper. Corolla variously colored or white: blades of
the wings more prominently aed than those of the keel-petals. Filaments
usually a to near the tips. Style with a tuft of hairs at the apex, or pubes-
cent on the side opposite the keel. Pod sonar flat. aod 130 species, of
wide geographieal un s —BSpr.-s or all year S. TARES
PEA-VINES.—Some species are grown as i dodder when others p their edible
seeds—‘‘beans.’? Some species are used as ornaments —The corollas of our
species are mostly purple. or pale-lavender.
740 FABACEAE
EET n -developed, sometimes exceeding the leaves.
Plant annual: standard 2-5 mm. lon I. HIRSUTAE.
la 2 Berenn dle standard 5-12 mm. Jong.
aceme densely very many-flow II. CRACCAE.
Raceme loosely fis im "dein or 1- flowered. III. MICRANTHAE,
Peduncle wanting or very short IV. SATIVAE
I. U
Leaflets 12-18: pod pubescent: seeds 2: corolla whitish. 1. V. hirs
Leaflets 8-12: pod glabrous: seeds 3-8: corolla bluish. 2. V. tae ma.
II, CRACCAE
Very diffuse plant: corolla deep-blue or purple. 3. V. Cracca.
; III. MICRANTHAE
Racemes $—18-flowere
Leaflets with blades of an eee type. 4. V. caroliniana.
Leafle with blades of a linea UTE
50-6 mm. long: calyx 1.5 mm. long: pod less
tian 2.5 cm. long. 5. V. Hugeri.
eae Uns mm. long: calyx 2 mm. long: pod over 2.5
lon 6. V. acutifolia.
Racemes I- 6-flox red.
Peduncles a than the leaflets.
Leaflets 4 T. V. loridana.
Leaflets 6-12.
Leaflets about 5 times as long as broad. 8. V. texana.
Leaflets less than 3 times BS long as broad. 9. .V. ludoviciana.
Peduncles shorter than the leaflet 10. V. micrantha.
IV. Sat
Corolla mostly over 1.5 cm. long: leaflets " pu upper leaves
inclined to be elliptic. 1. V. sativa.
Corolla mostly less than 1. E cm. long: leaflets of the upper
Jeaves inclined to be lin 12. V. angustifolia.
1. V. hirsuta (L.) Koch. Leaflets 12-18; blades linear to elliptie, 6—15 mm
long, e or notched: calyx- Obes su ubulate, ciliate, longer than the Dies
and keel 2-3
Me dosi Ra pod 6-8 mm. loue (fae.
VETCH. TARE. )—-Waste- sig roadsides,
and fields, various provin Ga. to Ohio
and N. B. Nat. of Eu.
2. V. tetrasperma (L.) Moench. Leaflet
8-12; s linear to Jinear -elliptic, 8-20
mm. long, acute or mucronate: calyx-lobes
lanceolate, tcd EORR ‘than the tube, not
ciliate: sta ies d and keel 4-5 mm. long:
vary glabrous: pod 9-12 mm. long.—
Canons n —Waste-places, fields, and
oadsides, Blue Ridge and more northern
provinces, N. C. to Ont. and N. S. Nat.
f Eu.
V. s cca ee Leaflets 18-24; bu linear to elliptic-linear, 9-20 m
bes
long, acute cronate: calyx 5-6 m long; upper lo deltoid; iue
lobes xc olds. “abont as lnc. as the iube: rolla pc or De standard
a ALD mm. long: keel 8-8.5 mm. lon od 2-2.5 e
CANADA-P VETCH.)—Fields and ie NA e Ridge pe more
northern vous ^N. C. to B. C., S Ont., and Newf. Nat. of Eu.
4. V. caroliniana Walt. Eo mat blades elliptic to ~ -elliptie, 1-2
em. lon E nuce cal lon ng; lobes triangular: corolla white,
except the ae 2 uud sfandard 9-10 mm. long: keel 5-6 mm. long: pod
2.5-8 c —(W HOESTRING.)—Woods and thickets,
various arene Ga. 1 m ‘Kan, "inn "ont. and W N. Y.
FABACEAE 741
5. V. Hugeri Small. Leaflets usually 10-12; blades linear, 2-3.5 cm. long,
mueronulate: calyx-lobes T E the lower narrower than the ln ones,
but not longer: standard 5-6 . long: keel about 4 mm. long: pod about 2
em. lo me ee Goan woods, Piedmont, Ga. and Ala.
6. V. acutifolia Ell. Leaflets 2-6, usually 4; ree gees to linear-elliptic,
r cronate: calyx- e es triangular, the lower one longer rer =
rds ones: standard 7-8 mm. long: keel about 6 mm. long:
pod 2
long.— (SAND-VETCH. arr decus hammocks, undi and ditches, pode
Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.
T. V. pig noe S. Wats. Leaflets 4-6; blades elliptic to oe d
0-1. ong, mueronulate: calyx x-lo es triangular, the low
and UON longer prn the deltoid lateral ones but mueh shorter pud the
c d aio ernie e 5-6 mm one. ovary glabrous: pod about
m. long.—Sandy soil, Fla
8. V. texana (T. & G.) Small. Leaflets 6-10; blades linear, mucronulate:
ealyx-lobes filiform- 2 the lower one as lo ong a s the tube, all Pa
ciliate; standard 5-6 mm. long; keel about 4 mm. md p -2. ong.—
Dry prairies and plains, CUI Plain, Miss. to Tex. and Ark
9. V.ludoviciana Mer Leaflets 6-12: blades elliptic to oval, sometimes varying
to ae above or below the middle, or rarely ja “elliptic, 7—23
long: calyx lus the lower one shorter than the tube: standard 6-7
mm. long; keel 4-5 mm. long: pod 2.5-3 em. jecur pe )—Low grassy
places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Mo.
10. V. micrantha Nutt. pei: of the lower leaves with obovate or oval
blades, 5-12 mm. long, those of the upper leaves narrowly elliptie to linear,
9-3 ^ 2 calyx -lobes triangular, much sho 2 than the tube: standard
om about 4 m ong: pod abou em. long.—Thickets and
shaded ne ud Plain and ers adj. E. Ala. to Tex., Mo.,
and Tenn.
11. M sativa L. Leaflets de blades linear, linear eM or elliptic,
1-4 e mt ea pe a 12 m m, Jong: corolla pu a r deep-pink: standard
and wings mostly o 15 m : pod 4-8 e ee COMMON-VETCH.) —
Waste-places, folds, and roadsides, various Deo. Ga. and Ala. to Minn.
and Me. Nat. of Eur
12. V. angustifolia Roth. ees 8-16; blades linear varying to o
or oblanceolate, 1- "E em. long: calyx 7-9 mm. long: standard and wings
mostly less than ong. "Was e-places and fields, various provinces,
Fla. to N. S.; also cus in the interior. Nat. of Eu.
73. LATHYRUS L. Plants similar to Vicia in habit, but usually larger:
filaments usually less united: style pubescent on the side opposite the stand-
1 u 0 1
Gs
Some species are cultivated for their edible frat oen 5s p mte
Sweet-peas are cultivated varieties of L. orn
Plant annual: stem winged: leaflets 2: keel-petals less than 1 cm. lon
Standard-blade elliptic or obovate: calyx-lobes twice as long as che tube: pod
gla 1. L. pusillus.
standard- blade Ba pat a calyx- ORES as long as the tube
r sli nger: pod pubescent 2. L. hirsutus.
Plant a. piro ridged oF angled : leaflets 4 or more:
keel-petals over 1 em.
142 FABACEAE
Hacemes several- ove 20) flowered: leaflets mostly 8-12
blades ovate to al. 3. Ta. venosus.
Racemes few- (9-6) a leaflets mostly 4-6; blades
elliptic or nearly s 4. L.myrtifolius.
1. L. pusillus Ell Ste m 2-winged, glabrous: leaflets 1-5 long; blade
narrowly linear to linear- -elliptie or sometimes elliptic: de mostly shorter
than the leaves, often 1-flowered: calyx 5-7
g; lo
mm bes subulate-lanceolate, iene
ate: sta 9-10 mm. long , gla-
brous: pod narrowly linear, 1.5-4
banks, woods, d prairies,
—Str - 0
Coastal Plain and more northern provinees,
Fla. to Tex., Kans., and N. C.
2. L. hirsutus L. Similar to L. pusillus in
habit, but leaves uu. pede peduneles
mostly longer than the leaves, often ee
flowered: calyx 5-7 mm. long; lobes ovate
to ovate-lanceolate, rather a acumi-
nate: standard 8-10 mm. lon
pubescent: pod broadly linear, 3-4 em.
— Was ons ces, fields, and a
Miss. Nat. of Eu.
3. L. venosus Muhl. Stem angled, pubescent: leaflets 3-6 cm. long; blades
ovate or oval: calyx 9-10 mm. long, pubescent; longer lobes lanceolate, cilio-
late, geo! longer than the erect shorter lobes: standard cuneate- obovate,
14-1 g: pod 3.5-4.5 long.—(BusH-vETCH.)—Woods and river-
banks, various provinces, B p Plain, Ga. to La., Ont. Sask., and
N. J.
ifolius Muhl. a ridged, M. ; leaflets 2.5 ong;
blades elliptic or m so: calyx 7.5-8.5 mm. long, ep: ous; ues pu
lanceolate, eciliate, much lo see DK the spreading ird lobes: standard
broadly cuneate- spatulate, 13-16 mm. long: pod 4 long.—Swamps, dry
rocky woods, and s eam- banks, various provinees on gone Plain only N,
N Tenn., Man. Que.
US L. Vines with Pari woody stems and branches. Leaflets
numerous, relatively small: bla rather narrow. aniele narrow, raceme-
like. c with 5 rounded lobes ones white or pink: standard spreading;
blade rounded or onp enoa auricled
the o wings auricled at the base of
e blade: keel-petals longer than the wings,
noi auricled. Pod flat, relatively small,
short and broad.—Five species, natives of
tropical regions.
1. A. Abrus (L.) W. F. Wight. Stem
slenderly sone Leaflets light-green, nu-
merous; blades elliptic to elliptic-cuneate,
9-15 mm. long, obtuse or mucronulate: pan-
d ae mostly 2-5 em. long: calyx about
3 lon ng, t ou or
e
Spr pink: standard 13-15 pos s ;
blade hs or orbicular-oval: keel-pet
longer than the wings: pods selustered oe ap d 2.5-3.5 em. long, slender-
eae “closely Me e seed oval, 6-7 mm. long, scarlet except the black
FABACEAE 748
base.—(CRAB'S-EYE. INDIAN-LICORICE. LICORICE-VINE. ROSARY-PEA. gos
VINE ae thickets and roadsides, pen. Fla. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I., Mex
C. A., S. A.) —The bright- RA seeds, designed, E to attract n are
used as beads in various countri
ORDER GERANIALES
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple
or compound. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, mostly regular.
Calyx of distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct or nearly distinct petals,
or rarely wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals or
twice as many, or rarely more. Gynoecium of 2 or several united carpels.
Ovary superior. Fruit various.
Plant without secreting glands or cells in their tissues.
e seen partially united.
S adnate around a column from which they break at maturity.
Fam. 1. GERANIACEAE.
Styles not united around a central column.
ur dee: b Ad
t
S twice as many as eee cepa Fam. 2. OXALIDACEAE.
Stan Ene as many as the sepal Fam. 3. LINACEAE.
ere _appendaged, each bearing ae or two
lands the bac Genera in Fam. 8. MALPIGHIACEAE.
Filaments pe :
alyx irregular, one sepal spurred or saccate.
"A :
nthers distinct: carpels 1-ovuled. Fam. 4. TROPAEOLACEAE.
Anthers united over the top of the gynoe-
eium : carpels several-ovuled. Fam. 5. BALSAMINACEAE.
C. regular, none of the sepals spurred or
Style i arising from between the nearly
distinct carpel- bodies Fam. 6. LIMNANTHACEAE.
PEE o basal, the carpel-bodie s well-united.
, shrubs or trees with conspicuously
or altern ate mostly compound eaves,
the
leaves re id : gan withous
glands anther with inconspicuous
connectives ; : filaments usually wi a
cale at the base: gyno Suena mostly
4-12- carpellary, and with united styles
and 2-several ovules, or rarely a single
ovule in each carpel: embryo straight
or nearly so. Fam. 7. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.
Shrubs, trees ly vines with incon-
spicuously jointed stems and opposite
imple leaves: calyx commonly with a
glan r of glands on the back
each sepal; anthers mostly with
conspicuous connectives ; filaments with-
out sca as noecium
styles and a single ovule in each car-
pel: embryo usually abruptly bent or
coiled. Fam. 8. MALPIGHIACEAE.
Plants with E glands or cells which are often in
the leaves, or only in the bark.
Filaments distinct nearly or w to the base.
eaves tiat 2 oil gla Fam. 9. RUTACEAE.
Leaves not punct
Gynoecium of. distinct carpels. am. 10. SURIANACEAE.
Gynoecium of more or less united carpels.
B Made shrubs or trees with oil-sacs
am. 11. SIMARUBACEAE.
Re SIRO. shrubs or trees. Fam. 12. BURSERACEAE.
Filaments united into a cup or tube, wholly or in
part. Fam. 13. MELIACEAE.
144 GERANIACEAE
Famity d. GERANIACEBAEBE-—GrnANIiUM FAMILY
Herbs, or somewhat woody plants. Leaves typieally opposite: blades
toothed, lobed, or divided. Flowers perfect, regular or nearly so, eymose.
Calyx of 5 persistent sepals. Corolla of 5 deciduous petals. Receptacle
with 5 glands. Androecium of 10, or rarely of 5, stamens. Gynoecium of
o carpels whose styles are adnate to an elongate column from which they
separate at maturity, each carpe] 2-ovuled but with only 1 seed at maturity.
—T welve genera and 470 species, ratives of temperate regions.
Carpel-bodies turgid: carpel-tails (styles) glabrous within and merely recoiling at
maturity: anthers usually 10. 1. GERANIUM.
Carpel- bodies spindle-shaped : carpel-tails i eal pubescent within
and spirally coiled at maturity: anther 2. ERODIUM.
ANIUM [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf-
the base.—About 190 species, widely distributed in temperate regions.—
CRANFSBILLS. WILD-GERANIUMS.
Plant perennial, with a stout caudex and tough fibrous roots: corolla showy.
I. MACULATA.
Plant annual or biennial, with a slender tap root; corolla incon-
Spicuous. II. PUSILLA.
I. ULATA
Stem erect, from the axils of several basal long-petioled leaves: corolla over 2 cm.
wide. 1. G. maculatum.
II. PUuSILLA
Sepals without subulate de seed smooth.
Carpel-body wrinkled: stamens ; 2. G. molle.
pel-body strigillose: m amens D. 8. G. pusillum.
Sepals with subulate tips : seed reticulate or pitted.
d: mature sepal-bodies less than 5 m lon Pa 4. G. dissectum.
i Í lon
Pedicels hirsute: cal partly plang le a
carpel-body hirsu 5. G. carolinianum.
Pedicels strigillose- “calyx glandless: carpel-body gla-
rly so 6. G. columbinum.
1. G. maculatum L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, — -pubescent: leaf-blades 5-12
em. wide, the lobes cuneate: sepals 8— - m. long, elliptie to elliptic-lanceo-
: petals m
— Rich ds, banks, and fields, various
provinees, on Coa stal "Plain only ET Ga. to
Kans., Man, and Newf.—Spr.-
2. G. molle L. Stem and branches weakl
leaf-blades 2-6 . wide, no y eut
pedicles pubescent with both short and long
hair epals orbieular-ovate: petals ro
earpel-body ab mm g, transverse
rin (DovE’s-Foot.) — Fields, road-
sides, and 1 S, various provinces
to d ao and Me.; also Wash. to B. C.
Nat. of E — Spr.
3. G. pusillum Burm. f. Stem and branches diffuse, glandular-villous:
blades 1.5-5 em. wide, rather coarsely cut: pedicels pubescent with very ua
GERANIACEAE 745
derer i sepals ovate or elliptic-ovate: dos Pu carpel-body
about 2 mm. long, strigillose.—Waste-places, cult. grounds, an ddr various
provinces, 5 N. C. to Ark., Utah, B. C., and Ont. Nat. of Eu Mun all.
4. G. dissectum L. Stem and branches o dap pubescent: leaf-
blades 2—4 em. wide, with narrow spreading segments: sepal-bodies slender-
tipped: pus purple: earpel-body less than 3 mm. long, finely-pu a seed
about 2 mm. long.—Waste-places and cult. grounds, various provinces, S. C.
N nearly gode um U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall.
5. G. Se pret L. Stem erect, 2-5 dm. tall, eee 2 leaf-
bla des cm. wide, with rr broad not divergent lo lobes: rather com-
m. long at m
pi inkis r pale-purple: S cols coarsely pubescent, stout-beaked: carpel-
body ilius pubescent with long and short hairs.—Dry banks, woods, and
cult. grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Calif., B. C., and Ont.—(W. I., Mex.)
—Spr. .
columbinum L. Stem and branches diffuse, 1-5 dm. long, sparingly
pubescent: leaf-blades 2—4 cm. wide, with aaa irregularly divergent lobes:
ymes very lax: sepals mostly over 10 mm. long at maturity: petals rose-purple:
style-column strigillose, slender-beaked: carpel. body glabrous or with few short
appressed hairs.—Roadsides and cult. grounds, various provinces, on Coastal
Plain only N, N. C. to S. Dak. and N. J. Nat. of Hurasia.—Spr.
2. ODIUM L'Her. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades toothed,
Re y or pinnately parted. Flowers with the upper petals smaller. o
awn- a e tips sometimes bristle-appendaged. Stamens 5, a panied
reds Carpel-body narrow, acute at the base.—About piss Species,
widely distributed in warm and temperate regions.
Sepaltips with 1 or 2 bristlelike appendages: anther-bearing mam AEE
tarium.
Sepal-tips without bristle-like appendages: anther-bearing fila-
ments 2-toothed. 2. E. moschatum.
| E. cicutarium (L.) L'Her. Branches villous and viscid: leaf-blades elliptic
outline; petioles shorter than the os E : sepals elliptie, 4-5 mm. long:
ar hardly longer than the sepals, rose-
ourple: carpel-body 4—6 mm. long, the pen
2—4 em. jin a IL
PINE-NEEDLES. )—Waste-places, cult. ae
and roadsides, locally U. S. and S Can
Nat. :
2. E. moschatum (Bur f) L’He
Branehes loosely viseid- pubescent: leaf-
Sarge S. in outline: sepals elliptie, .
7—9 long: petals slightly longer than
the the sepals, ros sr p ead ed pus 5
(Hanon-zna. A We ER os pes m
v Fla.; also Calif. Nat. of Eu.—(Mez.)
FAwxiLY 2. OXALIDACEAE--WooD-SORREL FAMILY |
Herbs or rarely shrubs, the sap sour. Leaves mostly alternate:
blades 3- foliolate or 1-foliolate, the leaflets commonly notched at the apex.
746 OXALIDACEAE
Flowers perfect, essentially regular, eymose. Calyx of 5 persistent sepals.
Corolla of 5 white or colored petals. Androecium of 10-15 unequal
stamens: filaments united at the base. Gynoecium of 5 partially united
earpels: styles distinct. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, di baccate.—A bout
15 genera and 300 species, most abundant in the tropi
ee Sa ee with short or long rootstock, succulent: corolla not yellow, except
2. Tribe I. OXALIDEAE.
Plant. caulescent, annual or perennial, not succulent:
corolla yellow. l Tribe II. XANTHOXALIDEAE.
I. O E
Sepals without apical tubercles : rootstocks elongate, merely scaly at the apex.
1. OXALIS.
Sepals n apical tubercles: rootstocks m solitary or
ck.
Plant A lont rootstock which bears bulblets at the
nodes. 2. BOLBOXALIS.
Plant with a coated bulb. 3. IONOXALIS.
II. XANTHOXALIDEA
m or creeping herbs, the flowers in umbel- jie or forking
es, 4, XANTHOXALIS.
OXALIS L. Spreading herbs. Leaf-blades palmately 3- -foliolate, each
usually with a membranous fold in the iii sinus. Flowers commonly soli-
ary. Sepals not tubereulate at the apex
Filaments commonly glabrous. About 6 spe-
cies, natives of the Northern Hemisphere.
. montana Raf. Rootstock sealy at the
end blades of the leaflets obcordate, 10-15
long: scape em. long: sepals
elliptic to lanceolate: cr white or pink
and delicately veined, 1—1.5 em. ae cap-
m.
WOOD-SORREL.)
2. BOLBOXALIS Small Erect herbs with rootstocks which bear bulb-
lets at their nodes. Leaf-blades palmately 3-foliolate: leaflets sessile with
obrenif
broadly obeordate or somewhat eniform
Ps Dr, :
(ed
blades. Flowers borne in umbel-like cymes.
a
ern Africa,
B. cernua (Thunb.) Small. Plant 1-4
dm. m dA Qus blades of the leaflets
3.5 broad, br be
2— very broadly obcordate,
glab on eti d pubeseent beneath:
uncles surpassing ] sep |
lanceolate to a 4.5-6.5 mm.
in
filaments glabrous: o sule $-8 mm. "ionge sed ue OXALIS.) —Waste-
places and cult. grounds, N Fla. Nat. of S Africa.—Spr.—fall.
OXALIDACEAE 747
3. IONOXALIS Small. Erect herbs with coated bulbs, often producing
clusters of bulblets. Leaf-blades palmately 3—10-foliolate: leaflets with tuber-
cles in the apical sinus. Flowers usually borne in umbel-like cymes. Sepals
erie at the apex. Petals violet, blue, red, or white.—About 120 species,
natives of North America and South America.
Inflorescence simple.
Tubercles of the sepals confluent : blades of the leaflets obreniform
1. I. violacea.
TOR ai of the sepals distinct: blades of the leaflets obdel-
oid. 2. I. intermedia.
E ccn compound. 3. I. Martiana
1. I. violacea (L.) Sm Plant 5-35 em. tall: leaflets 3; blades 1-2.5 em.
wide: seape glabrous: "pale elliptic to pos -elliptie: petals rose-purple or
rarely white: p ule 4— . long.—
LET WOOD-SORREL.) Woods, E banks,
A slopes, and ere various provinees,
Fla. to Tex., Colo., and Me.—Spr.—fall.
2. I. intermedia ^ Rich.) Small Plant
dm. : ; bla : j
wide: scape pubescent: sepals ovate to
broadly elliptic: petals violet: capsule col-
umnar, 6-7 mm. ns EE S pen.
Fla.— es W. I.)—A1l yea
3. I. Martiana (Zuce.) Sm Pla
stout, 8—30 s n DE of p js
lar rger than violacea: scape
a a prets to 250917 ellip-
: petals r dendi du often pale: c ue id narrowly ellipsoid, mostly 9-11 m
long —Waste-places and cult. grounds, near dw ~ Coastal Plain, Fla. p
C EO Nat. of trop. Am. and ¢ dais
4. XANTHOXALIS Small. Herbs. Leaf-blades palmately 3-foliolate:
leaflets not tubercled at the apical sinus. Flowers in umbel-like or dichotomous
cymes. Sepals 5, the inner narrower than the outer ones. Filaments glabrous
or the longer ones pubescent. Capsules elongate, erect.—About 50 species, of
wide distribution —SoURGRASSES. YELLOW WOOD-SORRELS.—Oxalic-acid is quite
evident to the taste in the tissues of these plants.
Pedicels appressed- Bus
Lon ger ap pee glabrou
appressed- ai e A usually copiously so: capsule mbesen
1. X. stricta.
Stem loosely pubescent: often nearly glabrous : capsule
a except in X. corni iculata. l
Plants erect.
ne o en in fruit: leaves oe -green. 2. X. Bushii.
Cymes Cluster like in fruit: aves reddish or
A. rufa.
. X. corniculata.
He oo
nts spreading ir creeping.
Longer filaments Bucs
Petals glabrous
Plant creep 5. X. Langloisii.
Plant i p sometimes with decumbent branches.
Stem pd but neither villous nar hirsute.
al a pale- or light-yellow ; sepa A
Gomes typically 1-flow ered: leaves Bn :
ous leaflets small, mainly 4—8
vide. X. filipes.
P
748 OXALIDACEAE
a typically several- co leaves
ees : leaflets large, 10-16 m wide. T. X. Brittoniae.
Corolla em yellow; sepals 5- NN "us: lon 8. X. macrantha.
Stem villous or hirsute; sometimes sparingly Eo:
Corolla light-yellow ; petals 8-11 mm. long. P4 i colorea.
1
2
Corolla golden- yellow ; petals 11-15 mm. long. 10. X. recurva.
Petals pubescent. 11. X. Priceae
Pedicels loosely pubesce
yme umbel-like: Consul densely pubescent. 12. X. hirsuticaulis.
Cy me dichotomous : capsule glabrous or thinly pubescent.
Capsule-body several times longer than the sepals; leaf-
lets pisi green 13. X. cymosa.
eae) very scarcely twice as long as the sepals; leaf-
S brown-margined. 14. X. grandis.
X. a (L.) Small. ries pale-green: simple or branched and tufted:
PE glabrous or with seattered hairs: sepals elliptic to linear-lanceolate,
sparimgiy eiliate, and more or less pubescent
on the baek: E pale-yellow: eapsule 16—
30 em. bs ng.—Banks, fields, and waste-places,
various provinces, is ios N. M., Wyo., and
N. S.—(Menz.) —Spr.-sum.
ie ce Small Plant bright-green
3 dm. tall, loosely-pubescent: ae
ae ; P of the leaflets mostly 7—8
wide: cymes umbel-like, usually maturing 1
flower at a time whi ch is accompanied by
oum bue. bud: petals pe yellow,
9—13 . long: eapsule 8-10 mm. long.—
t soil or thickets, o provinces Ga.
EV 'k., Mo., and Mas —Spr.
3. X. rufa Small Plant uc reddish or purplish: stem 1.5—4 dm. pes
loosely- Shanon leaves us E E ie des of the leaflets 8—20
wide: cym s dichotomo ous, but hort primary branches, maturing eu
ficus ata poe : petals o i yellow, 7-10 mm. long: capsule 7-9 mm.
long.—Damp soil or woods, various provinces, Ga. to Minn. and Mass.—Spr.—
fall.
corniculata (L.) Small Plant bright-green or purplish: stem and
branches 5—40 cm. long, with 2 cad. ng hairs: leaflets deep- ~ blades 5- 19
m. broad, or larger, ciliate: sepals iu long: petals 7—10 mm. long, bright-
dios -——(OREEPING-OXALIS. LADY’S-SORREL.)—Hammocks, pinelands, st
places, and eult. pides various pu Fla. to Tex., Calif., and Ont. Nat.
of trop. Am.—Spr.—fall.
. Langloisii Small Plant similar to X. corniculata in habit, but rela-
tively smaller throughout and sepals rather broader: petals 5-8 mm. long, pale-
yel oods and waste-places, m ] Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla.
to Tex. end Tenn.—(F. I.)—All yea
6. X. filipes Small. Plant bright-green: stems usually tufted on the slender
sp leaves mostly clustered, gece ese so; blades of the leaflets
inly 4-8 mm. wide, glabrous or sparingly pubescent: sepals lanceolate to
elliptic. lanceolate: pet tals 5-9 m m. long, light-yellow: pce sule slender, 8-12 mm.
long.—Sandy woods and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to La., Mo., and N. J.
—Spr.—sum.
7. X. Brittoniae Small. Plant deep-green: stems 1—4 dm. tall, loosely-pubes-
cent: leaves not clustered; blades of the leaflets 10—16 mm. wide: ymes dichoto-
mons when well developed: sepals 3—4 mm. long, ciliate all around: petals
LINACEAE 749
5—10 ong, pale- or light-yellow: capsule 7-12 mm. long.—Woods, fields,
and hill. nes Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Mo. and N. Y.—
pr.-sum.
8. X. macrantha eee Small. Plant bright-green: stem usually solitary
at the nodes of t 1 Y rootstock: leaves scarcely clustered: blades of the
leaflets mostly 7— pes wide, pubescent: sepals broadly d od iar a
lanceolate: pa 10-20 i mm. long, deep-yellow: capsule stout, 10—1 . long.
—Open woods and banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss., Tenn., "i Ga. Spr
fall.
. X. colorea Small. Plant brown or reddish-brown: stem 1-2 dm. tall:
leaflets 4-11 mm. wide: cymes umbel-like, the Le scarcely oo the
leaves: sepals 3-4 mm. long, ciliate mainly a t the apex: petals 8-11 mm. long,
light-yellow: capsule 9-12 mm. long.—Woods, Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss. and
N. C.—Spr.-sum.
10. X. recurva (Ell.) Smal. Plant deep-green: stem 1-3.5 dm. tall, villous:
leaf-blades 6-11 mm. wide: cymes umbel-like, the peduncles much S
the leaves: sepals 4-5.5 mm pe ciliate all around: petals 11-15 mm. lon
golden-yellow: capsule 11- 13 long.—Dry sd. and rocky soil, "Coastal
Plain and rarely adj. provinces, "Fla. to Miss., Mo., and N. C.—
11. X. Priceae Small Plant deep-green: stem slender, 1-2 dm. tall, loosely
s sparingly m escent: leaflets 8-13 mm. wide: cymes umbel- like: sepals
t 7 m ong: petals pubescent: e Ue. 14—17 mm. long.—Woods and
Ade Interior low Plateaus, Ala. to Ky.—Sum.—fall.
X. hirsuticaulis ue Ee d -green: stem stout, 1—2 rud bar vil-
us hirsute: leaflets 8—17 wide: cymes umbel-like: sepals ng:
petals glabrous: apna 10- “12 n mm a 6-39 oods, Piedmont to ecu s
Plateaus, Ga. and Tenn.—Spr.-s
13. X. cymosa Small Plant mud green: stem 2-11 dm. tall, loosely pubes-
cent: der. 10-27 mm. wide: s dichotomous: sepals 3-4 mm. long: petals
7—10 long, deep yellow: flam ents glabrous: MUN slender —Thickets,
cult. grounds, and waste-places, various provinces; Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Ont.
—Sum
14. X. grandis Small. Plant deep-green: stem 3-12 dm. a sparingly
loosely pubescent: leaflets 25-40 mm. wide: cymes dichotomous: sepals 4.5—-6
mm. long: petals 13-18 mm. long, deep -yellow: longer filaments ciliate: capsule
stout.—Shaded banks, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Ind.,
and Pa.—Sum.-fall.
FawrLY 3. LINACEAE—Ftax FAMILY |
Herbs or woody plants, the sap bland. Leaves alternate or opposite:
blades simple. Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx of 4-6 deciduous or per-
sistent sepals. Corolla of 4—6 ephemeral petals. Receptacle glandular.
Androecium of 4-6 stamens, often with staminodia: filaments united at the
base. Gynoecium of 2-5 partially united carpels, the styles wholly or p
tially distinct. Fruit eapsular.—About 14 genera and 160 species, widely
distributed.
Stigmas introrse and more or less elongate; sepals glandless. 1. LINUM.
Stigmas terminal and capitate: sepals, at least the inner ones,
with marginal glands. 2. CATHARTOLINUM.
790 LINACEAE
1. LINUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs. Leaves alternate, without stipules
Sepals 5, glabrous, or the inner ones sometimes ciliate. Petals blue or rarely
white, unappendaged. ndroecium of 5
stamens and 5 short staminodia. Styles 5,
distinct. Capsule 5-celled and with incom-
plete partitions, the carpels ridged on the
back. ut 8 species, natives of warm and
temperate regions.—FLAXE ES
1. L. usitatissimum L. Stem 2-9 dm.
leaves tee few, long er ee blades
long-pointed: corolla blue, 1.5-2 cm. wide
sule 7—10 m =
n
LINN.)—Fields, roadsides, and railroad em
ER. often in ac A soils, eo o
n A ~ S Na t. of E
ult.—Sum bur furn ishes flax ad
linen, and m seeds are the sources of linseed- oil.
2. CATHARTOLINUM Reichenb. Herbs. Leaves alternate or occasion-
ally opposite, sometimes with stipular glands. Sepals 5, the inner ones at least
with gland- uu teeth. Petals yellow, sometimes pubescent within near the
se. Androecium of 5 stamens, generally without staminodia. Styles 5, dis-.
Gace or aa teal o 5-celled, or completely or incompletely 10- Ed by
i ses —About 70 species, of wide geographic distribution.—Sum. or
ar S cU M M
Styles distinct: corolla approximately E: cm. wide. I. VIRGINIANA.
Styles more or less united: corolla wi
Sepals persistent: capsule without thidkésifues at dur base:
stipular glands present: corolla about 1.5 cm. wide. II. SULCATA.
Sepals deciduous: capsule with cartilaginous thickenings at
e: sti ipular glands wanting or obscure: corolla 2-3
em. wide. III. RIGIDA.
I. VIRGINIANA
Staminodia wanting.
Sepals entire at maturity, the inner ones sometimes erose on account of the bases
of the deciduous glandular hairs.
Stem paniculately branched: outer sepals 2-2.5 mm. long at maturity.
1. C.striatum.
Stem corymbosely branched: outer sepals 3-3.5 mm.
long at maturity. 2. C. virginianum.
SUB either those of the inner series, or of the outer,
of both aed glandular-toothe ed.
Ca psule dep
fabas typically lanceolate: inner sepals
"oru tis long-pointed. 3. C. medium.
Outer sepals typically ovate: inner sepals acute
or abruptly short-pointed. 4. C. Curtissii.
Capsule ovoi
Ou ter and inner sepals nearly equal at maturity,
shorter than the capsule or about equalling
it.
Outer sepals mostly over 3 mm. long: capsule
broadly ovoid, obtuse 5. C. floridanum.
cm Ri less than 3 mm. long: capsule
narrowly ovoid, acute. 6. C. intercursum.
Outer sepals much longer than the inner, all sur-
assing the capsule. S C. macrosepalum.
nt.
p
Staminodia presen C. arenicola.
II. Sv
Sepals, especially the outer ones, EU. ud irregularly
toothed, elliptic-lanceolate, short-acuminate: capsule nar-
rowly ovoid. 9. C. Harperi.
LINACEAE 791
Sepals, especially the outer ones, finely and regularly toothed,
narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate: capsule globose-
ovoid or slightly depressed. 10. C. sulcatum.
III. RiGIDA
Plants stout, erect, sparingly branched above: corolla showy,
‘golden-yellow. 11. C. Carteri.
l. C. striatum (Walt.) Small. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, panieulate, winged below
the nodes: leaves mainly opposite; blades elliptic, 1-3 cm. long: outer sepals
vu had to elliptie-laneeolate, 2-2.5 mm.
long; inner sepals ovate to suborbicular:
oul bei o TOI DOR. 2 mm. broad.—
Low ds, swamps, and wet on
e
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Man., Ont
and Mas
2. C. virginianum (L.) Small. Stem 2-6
dm. tall corymbose M i ede
blades thinnish, Dea te or a. to
elliptic, 1-3 em. long: outer ee a
to elliptic- lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long;
sepals rat pi ape than Ux outer: oen sm
depressed, broad.—Roadsides, thick-
ets, and T pour various provinees, Ga.
to Ala., Ont., and Me.
3. C. medium i Small. Stem 3-6 dm tall, eorymbose above, the
branches rigid: leaves inly alternate, ye on appressed ; blades spatulate
to t ae or linear. lanceolate 0.6-2 long: outer To E to
lanceolate, long: capsu ule depressed- globose,
Hillsides, b uus and thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex, Ont, aad
N. Y.
4. C. Curtissii Small. Stem 2-6.5 dm. tall, m above: leaves mainly
alternate, ascen e d or ur blades elliptie-spatulate to Pii or linear
above, 0.5—1.5 ong: outer sepals ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long: capsu eo depressed,
2.5 mm. broad. ee eee and low pinelands, S pen. Fla.—(W. I.)
C. floridanum (Planeh.) Small. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, eorymbose: leaves
mainly alter ernate, nearly erect or m blades . oblaneeolate to linear-
Eccc or linear a pao ke un em. long: inner E ovate to eis ovate,
nearly as long as the i age broadly ovoid, 2-2.5 . broad.—
Low pinelands, E aet "Plain por NEA y adj. pret ee Fla. to La. "S Il., and
N. C.
6. C. intercursum (Bicknell) Small Stem 1.5-3 dm. tall, or sometimes taller,
eorymbose above, sometimes copiously so: leaves erect or ascending; blades
oblanceolate, or elliptic, poke em. long: inner sepals ovate or oval-ovate,
des than the outer ones: capsule narrowly ovoid, 15-8 mm. E oS
andy woods id barrens, various provinees, Ga. and Ala. to Mas
C. macrosepalum Small. Stem 2.5-9 dm. tall, corymbose: leaves alternate
erect- -ascending or appressed; blades linear- subulate to d or narrowly
linear or linear-spatulate near the base of the stem, 1-1.5 em. long: inner sepals
S d to e p tne much pub w the a ones: capsule ovoid,
broad.— unds and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and
Plants with Ed prm Pul have been found in 'serub near
Naples, s, Fla.
752 TROPAEOLACEAE
8. C. arenicola Small. Stem or branches 2—7 dm. tall: leaves sonia d
sq blades, at least of the leaves above the base of the stem, subulat
subula te- acicular, mostly less oe 1 cm. long, entire: outer sepals br pud
elliptic to elliptic- ovate , becoming 2 mm. long, acuminate: capsule depressed,
out 1.5 mm. long. — Low pinelands. Everglade Keys Fla. and lower Florida
E
9. C. Harperi Smal. Stem 3-8 dm p leaves mainly alternate; blades
linear-spatulate to narrowly linear, 0. 5-2 m. long: outer sepals lanceolate.
3. mm. long, sparingly toothed: capsule aoa ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, ob-
tuse.—Dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and G
C. sulcatum E Small. ies 2-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades cag! to
linear- ce 0.8-2.5 em. long: r sepals lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, copi- .
ously toothed: eapsule Bone Bs or Pu tly depressed, about 31 mm. long.—
Dry soil, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Man., Ont., and
A
11. C. Carteri Small. Stem 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly linear tc linea
subulate, mostly 1.5-2.5 em. ng: Eos sepals lan pud to oyato Janeeolate,
6-7 mm. long: capsule abou [Linum rigidum (Ch . FL)J—
ong.
Pinelands, especially along a Bverglados the Everglado Keys, iud Big Cypress
Swamp, Fla.—Spr.
Famity 4. TROPAEOLACEAE—NAsTURTIOM FAMILY
Herbs. Leaves alternate: blades peltate, or palmately lobed or dis-
sected. Flowers perfect, axillary, irregular. Calyx of 5 sepals slightly
united at the base, the upper one spurred at the base. Corolla of 5, or
fewer, petals, the 2 upper ones more or less different from the lower ones.
Androecium of 8 unequal declined stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels.
Fruit baccate.
1. TROPAEOLUM L. Vines or diffuse plants with succulent stems.
Calyx-spur cornucopia-like. Petals narrowed at the base. Berry 3-lobed.—
' About 35 species, native from Mexico to
Chile and eult.
de in the notches of the margin: petals
stly red, orange, or purple; claws toothed;
blades rounded Sie —— Ls 14-19
—(N M.)—W te-places
and usn puma various MANDAR Atlan-
tic States. Nat. of di ru.—Su pred Cul-
tivated in many forms, dwarf and vine-like,
for the bright-green foliage and the brillant
colored flowers. The aromatic frui
as
ao
been in cultivation for a long time, and has been developed into -— forms.
It is the only species of ten or a dozen, that escapes from cultivation
LIMNANTHACEAE 153
Famity 5. BALSAMINACEAE-—JEWEL-WEED FAMILY
erbs with succulent tissues. Leaves mostly alternate: blades simple.
Flowers perfect, irregular. Calyx of 3 sepals (2 obsolete), the posterior
one petaloid, saccate and spurred, all deciduous. Corolla of 5 petals, the
stamens: filaments appendaged and partially united. Gynoecium of 5
united carpels. Styles very short or wanting. Fruit an elastically 'burst-
ing eapsule.—Two genera and 220 species, most abundant in tropical Asia.
1. IMPATIENS [Rivinius] L. Herbs with stems enlarged at the nodes.
Capsule drooping.—About 130 species, peel oo —fSum-fall.—ToucnH-
ME-NOTS. SNAPWEEDS.—Our species are ann
Flowers in peduncled panicles: outer sepals broad: capsule elongate, se as
Spur ineurved, 1/3 as long as the sac, or more: sac longe r than LEE
jr m
Spur at right angles to the sac, 1/4 as long as the sac, or less:
sac as broad as long. 2. I. pallida.
Flowers 2n. e clusters: outer sepals narrow: capsule short,
pubese 3. I. Balsamina.
I. ora Walt. Plant 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptie, 2—12 c
in d green: flowers conspicuously spotted with black: sepals and m
orange, the saccate sepal conic, vily
EA runs, various pm Fla. to Mo.,
Mack., and Newf.—S§pr.—fall.
e glaue t: fi sparin otted
lack, or sometimes spotless: sepals and
bnt yellow, the eate sepal cup-like,
scarcely spotted, with the spur very s
( H pb Rieh shaded hill-
sides and stream-banks, various provinces dii
on Coastal Plain. only northward, Ga. to Kans. ., Sask., and N. Cw
3. I. Balsamina L. Plant 3-6 dm. the stem succulent, finely pubes
leaf- pur. lee es Bard to pu spofulto, those of the upper leaves de
than r les t both ends JA rather pius ser-
rate: poer Sedul c capsule ovoid or eee oid, 2-3 cm. long,
pubescen nt.—(GARDEN BALSAM.)—W rounds, and i E
various provinces, E U. S. Nat. of S Asia and cult-— OP. I .)—Sum.
FAMILY 6. CEAE—FaLSE-MERMAID FAMILY
Herbs with tender tissues. Leaves alternate: blades pinnately divided.
Flowers perfect, axillary. Calyx of 2-5 sepals. Corolla of 2-5 petals.
Androecium of 4-10 stamens. Gynoecium of 2-5 carpels united only by
their bases and styles. Fruit 2-5-lobed, fleshy, the carpels separating as
achenes.—Two genera and about 9 species, natives of North America.
OERKEA Willd. Annual diffuse herbs. Leaf-segments narrow.
Flowers | inconspicuous. Sepals 3. Petals 3, white. Stamens 6. Ovary 3-celled.
48
754 ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Achenes 1-3, rough—Two species, the fol-
lowing and one in the W U. S.
1. F. proserpinacoides Willd. Stems de-
cumbent, 1—4 dm. long: leaves 2-8 cm. long,
distant:
various provinees, on Coastal vie only N,
enn and —BSpr.—In
Del. to Te
favorable localities the EN Tur ten grow in
dense carpets, especially on ene clay banks.
Famity 7. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE—Catrrop FAMILY
Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite or — by the
suppression of one of each pair: blades compound. wers perfect.
Calyx of 4-6, mostly 5, sepals. Corolla of 4-6, mostly 5, nee or rarely
wanting. Androecium of twice as many stamens as there are sepals.
Gynoecium of 2-4-united carpels. Fruit capsular, sometimes baccate at
maturity, or again separating into nut-like carpels—About 20 genera
and 160 species, widely distributed in warm and temperate regions.
Herbs: ovary sessile: stigmas lateral: corolla yellow or red. Tribe I. TRIBULEAE.
E or trees: ovary stipitate: stigmas terminal, corolla
blue Tribe II. GUAIACEAE.
IBULEAE
Fruit armed: ovary 5-celled ; carpels septate, 3-seeded. 1. TRIBULUS.
Fruit unarmed : ovar y 10—12- celled ; carpels 1-seeded. 2. KALLSTBROEMIA.
II. GUAIACEAE
Leaves with few leaflets: flowers blue. 9. GUAIACUM.
1. TRIBULUS L. Diffuse herbs. Leaves pubescent. Sepals 5, decidu-
ous. Petals white or yellow. Filaments unappendaged. edid "m —About
12 species, natives of warm and temperate regions.—BUR-N CALTROPS.
Corolla less than 2 em. wide: peduncles shorter than the leaves: plant an
1. T. terrestris.
Corolla over 3 cm. wide: peduncles : plant perennial. 2. T. cistoides. .
ris L. Branches 2-11 dm. long; leaves 2—6 cm. long; leaflets 10—
rres
14, the fide es Ti 12 mm. long: sepals 3-5 mm. long, acute: petals about 1 cm.
long, y ellow: stamens pe as long as the
pet mature carpel 6-7 mm. long.—
(PUNCTURE-WEED.) — Waste-places, Coast
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. Y., easional
the interior. Nat. of Old World.—
(Mex.)—Spr.—fall.
2. T. cistoides L.. pe pee! pro-
cumbent, pu xdg eav -6 em. long;
leaflets 12- 16, the be elliptic: sepals
oe 8- 11 mm mm. long, acuminate: petals
r
8—9 mm. long.—Hammoeks and waste- y
Coastal Plain, T ter to Tex. and b.
—(W. I., Mex., C. A., >: cae fall, or all year S.
MALPIGHIACEAE | 799
KALLSTROEMIA Scop. Herbs resembling Tribulus. Sepals 5, per-
isten t Petals yellow or red. Filaments unappendage Fruit uneven or
Dos —AÀbout 20 species of wide geographie discite —CALTROPS.
Sepals lanceolate, not hirsute, mainly appressed-pubescent : fruit glabrous.
1. K. e
Sepals linear-subulate, bristly hirsute: fruit pubescent. 2. K. parviflora.
1. K. maxima (L.) T. & G. Branches prostrate or procumbent, 2-6 dm. long
or longer, appressed- pubescent and often HE hirsute: leaflets usually 6-8,
‘the blades of the terminal pair 9—1
long, elliptie or oval, often w o
lanceolate, 3—4 mm. long: petals E
yellow, obovate, m. long: fruit 7—10
cbe qud aste-places, roadsides, and cu
grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga.
Nat. of trop. Am.— (W. I., ‘Mex ; C. A., S.
mazim ma in habit: sepals 45-6 mm. long:
petals yellow: fruit 10-12 mm. long, the
slender pem EE longer than dy.
—Dry soil, Coastal and E A
provinces, Miss. to n — (Mes. ) —Spr.- fall.
3. GUAIACUM [Plum.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves relatively large,
dice kt leaflets but little longer than wide. “Senate 5 or rarely 4, un-
lue or purple. Filaments
sone ier Fruit angled or winged.—
About 8 species, natives of tropical America.
1. G. sanctum L. Shrub or tree sometimes
10 m. tall, with very hard heavy wood, the
bark pale: leaves 5-10 cm. long; leaflets 6-8,
the blades broadly elliptic 7 Bins , 2-3
sepal
NN
C»
Wet
A
SS `
N
NN
NN
W
AN
N
WL AS
S N
: ins
it ig 22d for making small objects
Er nien weight, and strength are needed.
Famity 8. MALPIGHIACEAE—MarriGHiA FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, or partially woody herbs or vines. Leaves opposite:
blades simple. Flowers usually perfect, sometimes cleistogamous. Calyx
of 5 often gland-bearing sepals. Corolla of 5 usually clawed petals, or
wanting. Androecium of 5-10 perfect or partly sterile stamens. ee
eium of 2-4, usually 3, distinct or united carpels. Fruit drupaceous, cap
sular, or nut-like.—About 60 genera and 750 species, cy distributed in
tropical and subtropical regions.
196 RUTACEAE
1. BYRSONIMA L. C. Rich. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in terminal
racemes, or panicles. Petals white, saree or purplish, reflexed. Stigmas
acute. els Drap d united. Cot
dons aces led. — About 100 M ica
natives, mainly, of tropical Americ
B. cuneata (Turez.) P. Wilson. Ever-
—18 m
gre l tree, mostly 3-18
tall: leaf-blades spatulate to obovate-spatu-
ate, 2—4 c ]ustrous m
em. g: petals pink or white, turning
yellowish or ; 7 mm. long, the blades
reniform: pe 4—6 mm. in diameter. [B.
lucida (Sw.) DC.] — (LocUsT-BERRY.) —
Hammocks and low pinelands, eres
n Fla. and aoe Keys.—(W. I.)—
yea .
Shrubs or trees or rarely herbs, often prickle-armed, with glandular-
punctate tissues. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple or pin-
nately compound, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers perfect or polygamous,
mostly regular. Calyx of 3—5, or rarely more, sepals, or wanting. Corolla
of 3-5, or aniy more, petals. Androecium of as many stamens as there
About 110 genera and 950 species, most aani in ro and Australia.
Fruit dry, follicular joi eae id.
Flowers perfect: BD or more in each carpel: herbs.
Tribe I. RUTEAE.
Flowers dioecious or polyga Do ovules 1 or 2 in
each earpel: shrubs or tree
Famity 9. RUTACEAE—RwveE FAMILY
Fruit dehiscent: a deep es ribe II. BL
Fruit indehiscent: a Tribe III. PTELE
Fruit fleshy, drupaceous or Pacer
Fruit a drupe: ovary 1-celled. Tribe IV. AMYRIDEAE.
Fruit a berry: ovary 2-several-celled. Tribe V. CITREAE.
I. Rv
Heavy-scented smooth herbs or partly Eds ants with yellow flowers and lobed
capsules. 1. RUTA.
II. ANTHOXYLEAE
Shrubs or trees, often with pd stems and leaves. 2. ZANTHOXYLUM.
PTE
Unarmed shrubs or small trees vi EN flowers, the
fruits winged all around. 3. PTELEA.
IV. AMYRIDEA
Unarmed aromatic shrubs or trees, with white —- and erect |
clusters of dark fruits. 4, AMYRIS.
V. CITREAE
Stamens 6-10: carpels' 1-ovuled.
Styles very short or e p ovary 5-celled. 2 GLYCOSMIS.
Styles elongate, deciduo ary 3- or 4-celled. 6. TRIPHASIA.
Stamens 20 or more: carne, Several ovale
Leaves 3- foliolate : stamens distinct: fruit vu) pubescent. T. PONCIRUS.
Leaves 1- -foliolate: Stamens more or less united: fruit
glabrou 8. CITRUS.
1. RUTA L. Herbs, sometimes woody at the base, heavy-scented. Leaf-
blades divided. Flowers in corymbose or panicled cymes. Sepals 4 or 5, per-
-
3n
-
RUTACEAE
sistent. Petals 4 or 5: blades involute,
toothed or somewhat ciliate, often clawed.
vary 4-5-celled. Capsule sessile, 4- or 5-
lobed, dehiscent at the apex.—About 40
species, natives of the Mediterranean region
and Asia
R. graveolens L. Plant 2-8 dm.
leaf- blades twice ed divided the rel
obovate or obovate- se epals wane
or ovate: petals ie. OT mn long,
blades involute, denticulate: pr 8— kt
mm. wide.—(RUuE.)—Waste-places o. p
grounds, various provinces, E U. S. of
Eu.—Spr.-fall.—Formerly mueh TE in 2o mue
2. ZANTHOXYLUM [Catesby] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pin-
nate, sometimes 1-foliolate. Flowers dioecious or polygamous, in axillary spikes
or terminal corymb-like or cyme-like panicles. Sepals present or wanting.
Petals 4 or 5, mostly erect, white o or green. Mature carpels solitary, or 2-5
together. D a L.]—About 150 species, natives of temperate and tropical
regions.—Spr.-sum. or all year os
Calyx present: flowers appearing after the leave
Flowers in small axillary spikes: sepals, MEAT and stamens 4.
. Z. Fagara.
Flowers in large terminal c n or corymb-like
panicles: sepals, petals, and stamens 3 or 5.
Sepals, and petals, 5: leaflet D
Sepals, triangular or de dtola, partially united,
pen t. . Z. flavum.
Sepals ovate or ovate-lanceolate, distinct, decidu-
3. Z. Clava-Herculis.
Sepals, and petals, 3: leaflets leathery. 4. Z. coriaceum.
Calyx wanting: flowers appearing before the leaves. 5. Z. americanum.
1. Z. Fagara (L.) Sarg. Shrub, or ae sometimes 10 m. tall, the Harr:
slender, often Bs. m s 2.5—11 em. long, the raehis winged ; blades
tne lateral leaflets mostly ds ate to B
1-2 long, shallowly alee mature
551 er ences [Z.
Pterota H. B. K ges WILD. ue )— Coastal
hammocks, southern pen. Fla. and hammocks
of the Everglade Keys and Florida Keys.—
(W. I.)—The heart-wood is heavy and hard,
usually brown
2. Z. flavum Vahl. Shrub, or tree som
times 12 o unarmed, the twigs stellate-
P lea s 9-25 em. long, the rachis
terete; blades p the lateral leaflets mostly
elliptic or ovate, 3.5— e long: mature
carpel m '5-9 p ng. [Z. ida
Ar ww (Yarrow: -WOOD SAT
WOOD.)— —Hom ocks, low r Florida Keys. — (IF. I.)\—The heart-wood, exceed-
e hard oa i. is good -eolored.
3. Z. Clava-Herculis L. Shrub, or tree sometimes 17 tall, the prickles
raised on corky bases: leaves 1-3 "dm. long; blades of the pos leaflets ovate,
758 RUTACEAE
4—5 em. long, appressed-serrate: mature das dde mostly 2—5 n inu m 4-6
PRI S
mm. long. [Z. carolinianwm Lam. Ur de THACHE-TREE EA-
ASH. PEPPER-WOOD. HERCULES’-CLUB.)— Woo pers hammocks, Coastal Plain,
mostly near the coast or in eo soils, Fla. , Ark., and Va.—The
light and soft heart-wood is pale-brown. The bak i is ud medieinally.
coriaceum Rich. Shrub, or tree becoming 7 m. tall: leaves 6-15
lu. ; blades of the dde leathery, rigid, obovate to cuneate or due with
M. base, 2—6 ong: mature carpel 5—6 mm. lon m (HERCULES ’-
C B.)— Coastal eA S. pen. Fla. and the Keys. (V
Z. ericanum Mill Shrub 1-3 m. tall, with prickly branches: leaves 1-3
dm. Dus leaflets 4—8 cm. long, the blade ovate, d or rarely oval: corolla
9—9.0 m me ho m mature earpel 4—5 m n dia — (NORTHERN PRICKLY-
AS HE-TREE. ) —River- i uud rocky poen various provinces,
rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Nebr., Mi inn., and Ont
. PTELEA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate or rarely 5-
foliolate. Flowers polygamous or sometimes dioecious, in cymes. Sepals 4 or 5.
tals r 5, narrow, white or greenish. Ovary 2-3-celled. Ovules 2 in each
cavity, superposed. Samara winged all around.—About 6 species, Nort
erican.—SHRUBBY-TREFOILS.—The'’ bark is bitter and is used as a toni
Leaflets mostly 6-12 cm. long; blades broad, 2-8 em. wide; samara-body orbicular
oval.
Samara AME E to oval-orbicular. 1. P. trifoliata.
Samara obovat
sau lg with Pat d serrate blades: samara 16-19 mm
ute or utish at the base, the body merely
glandular dott ed. 2. P. serrata.
M with entire blades: sama 8—11 long,
Unde à or truncate at the base, the body pitted. 3. P. microcarpa.
Leaflets moss 1-3 em. long; blades narrow, about 1 em. wide:
samara-body elliptie ! . P. Baldwinii.
L. P. trifoliata L. Shru ub, or tree sometimes 8 m. tall: blades of the leaflets,
ovate, oval elliptie, elliptic-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 4-12 em. long, glabrous
(or densely pubeseent in P. trifoliata Mp -
voo a
Pues Mr) s to Ariz., Minn., and
—(Mez.)—
P. serrata Small. Shrub 1-2 m. tall,
with er blaekish E blades of
= leaflets _thinnish, 2.5—7 em. long, serrate,
ui acuminate, much price Maium s
of
shee those te |
elliptie- cova that of the terius one eliptic or elliptic-obovate: samara pale-
green, with ‘the e body copiously black-dotted, the wings thin, sparingly dotted.—
Granite rocks, in the Piedmont of Ga. —Spr.
3. P. microcarpa Small. Shee 1. E m. boe with dark-brown branches: blades
of the leaflets thickish, 5-10 em. long, entire, obtuse or dcutish, slightly paler
beneath than above, those of faa lat n ones ovate or ovate-la neeolate, ee 0
the terminal one elliptie or elliptic-obovate: samara brownish, with the body
RUTACEAE 799
copiously pitted, the wings thickish, Ae pitted .—Hillsides and limestone
ridges, Appalachian provinces, Ga., Ala., and Tenn.—Spr.
4. P. Baldwinii T. & mm Low shrub with PN pustulate branches; blades of the
leaflets thinnish, 9.4.5 m. long, entire, acute or acutish, those of the lateral
o
iir est above or below the middle: samara obovate to orbieular-obovate, 1.5—
PLA with the body dotted and wrinkled, the a thinnish dotted pu
Pa , NE Fla.—Spr.
4, AMYRIS [P. Br.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pinnate, or 1-
d the petiole wingless. Flowers perfect or polygamous, panieulate.
etals 4 or 5, broad, white. Ovary 1-celled: style short or want-
ing. od les 2. Drupe with a single seed.—A bout 15 species, mostly in tropical
America.—Spr.—sum. or all year S.— The heavy, hard, and close-grained heart-
wood is sometimes used in cabinet-work, and yields a balsamic resin. |
Fruit globose: ovary glabrous: leaflets shining bene 1. A. elenii:
Fruit V a to elliptic-obovoid : ovary pubescent : edicts dull
2. A. balsamifera.
1. A. elemifera L. Shrub, - tree ee 2 m. tall: leaflets 3 or 5; ees
ovate to rhombic-ovate, 9-8 c ong: petals 2.5-3.5 mm. long: drupe e 4— 8m
long, black beneath the bloom. my) mar F
Jaeq.|—(TorcHwoop.)—Coastal hammocks,
pen. Fla., hammocks on the Everglade Keys
and Florida Keys.—(W. I.)
2. A. balsamifera L. Shrub, or E tree
ades
north as the = alifax River. In its north-
ern distribution it is confined to the glee
nal kit chenmiddens, village sites, and bur
mounds that lie close to the ocean or the Gone
5. GLYCOSMIS Correa. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades l-several-folio-
late: leaflets mostly entire. e ers inii. relatively small. Sepals nearly
distinct. Petals 5, elongate, w r
2—5-celled: styles very short. eae moe
in each cavity. Berry globular, the pulp
very thin.—Five Pad natives of Asia and
Australia
E G. ghi diam Lindl. Shrub 1-4
all o all tree: leaves 1-5-foliolate;
leaflets elliptic, or baie above the middle, |
8—16 em. long, glabrous: sepals orbieular to
oval, 1-2 m m. long: petals eliptic, sometimes '
broadly so, $4 mm. long: filaments clavate:
berry 7—10 mm. n diameter, white 0 x E
( Side ud E E m ocks, Key West, l
Nat. of trop. Asia 2 cult.— —(W. I. ded —sum.
760 RUTACEAE
6. TRIPHASIA Lour. Shrubs. Leaf-blades 3- foliolate: leaflets with
toothed blades. Flowers portae relatively large. Sepals united. Petals 3
or 4, narrow, white. Ovary 3- or 4-celled:
styles elongate, united. Ovules solitary in
each cavity. a resembling a small
orange.—One specie
1. T. trifolia (Burm. f.) P. Wilson. Shru
mostly 1-2 m. tall: leaflets 3; blades a
to nearly elliptic, or oval, 1-5 em. long,
shallowly crenate: calyx-lobes acute: petals
long: berry ellipsoid to globular-
Tex. Nat. of E. I. and cult.—
Spr.
7.
3-foliolate, the petiole narrowly winged. Flowers pond on the old wood.
thinnish, white, with claw-like bases. Ovary
6-8-celled, pubescent: styles united, decidu-
Ovules several. Berry many-seeded.— `^
One species.
1. P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. Mun Ads with
tout thorns: leaflets 2.5-6.5 long;
blades oval or elliptic, varying t ovate or
obovate, shallowly toothed, NS sepals
Tex. and of
China.—Spr. cus used n: A for grafting oranges; also for hedges
and ornament. The Pe eel contains a disagreeable-flavored oil and the pulp is
scanty, but aromatic
8. CITRUS L. Shrubs or trees with evergreen leaves. Leaf-blades 1-
foliolate, the petiole often winged. Flowers perfect, axillary. Sepals united.
Petals 5, or 4-8, thick and wax-like, white, not narrowed at the base. Ovary
several- a. glabrous: styles united, deciduous. Ovules several. Berry
several-seeded.— Several species, natives of Asia, long cult. and ceci) hy-
bridized. Perhaps the earliest fruit trees introduced in Amer Seeds brought
over by the Spanish expeditioners were sown in the ue — of Florida
and in the more remote parts. e descendants of these early introductions
have since maintained a foothold in the hammocks and in the kitchenmiddens.—
Plants flower mainly in spr.
Berry of a globose or subglobose type, not A at the ao
Petioles broadly winged: berry with a hollow Por . C. Em
PONCIRUS Raf. Shrubs or trees with deciduous leaves. Leaf-blades
Petioles slightly winged: berry with a solid e . C. sinensis.
SURIANACEAE 761
Berry of an ellipsoid type, commonly mammilate at the
Berry i ed small, ee rind thin, the pulp ell devi eloped
ith abundant juice and very acid: petioles narrowly
winced or Wingless
Corolla 2-2.5 em. wide: blades of the leafiets commonly
rounded at the apex: berry 3-6.5 cm. long, the pulp
greenish. 3. C. aurantifolia.
— Corolla 3-5 cm. wide: blades of the leaflets often acute: .
berry 6-10 em. long, the pulp light-yellow. 4. C. Limonum.
Berry large, 12-20 ‘em . long, the rind 3-7 mm. thick, the .
pulp scant, insipid. 5. C. Medica.
1. C. Aurantium L. Thorny shrub or small tree: leaflets ovate to elliptic,
6-12 em d often acuminate, the DOLI usually broadly winged: flowers in
mn
ITTER ORAN |
mocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga —(F. I.)
2. C. sinensis Osbeck. Thorny erect, shrub
or small tree: leaflets oval, elliptie- -ovate, Or
ovate, 6.5-13 cm. long, often acute
o
T
aa =) — Woods and
hammocks, Fla. the Keys.—
OF. I.)
3. C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle. Small tree or straggling shub,
numerous sharp thorns: leaflets oval to elliptic, 6.5-9 c ong, e eis
rounded at the apex, crenulate: petioles PON wi a Ra wers in clusters
of 3—10: petals white without and within Pai! small, mostly less than 6 em
. long, the rind very thin, the pulp greenis [C. Lima Lunan. E Penes =
Woods, thickets, and Um pen. Fla. - the Keys.—(W. I +)
4, C. Limonum (L.) Risso. Small tree or durus Ie ius piu Mir] than
C. aurantifolia: leaflets el ptie or ovate-oval, 5-11 e ong, commonly acute
or acuminate at the apex, owe d Mice Or wingless: pan Mens
or fe together: petals purpli D mostly over
m. long, the rind relatively n ae ue A eres Ru N.)— Woods and
B. pen. Fla. and the Ke eys.—(W. I.) l
5. C. Medica L. Small tree or shrub, gi s with stout thorns: leaflets
elliptic, or slightly broadened upw ard, 12-20 em. long, rounded and often
emarginate at the apex, serrulate- crenate, dull-gre en: RE in Em sters of
3—10: petals purple- Er eh without, white within: berry oblong or oval, usually
very ae mostly 12-20 em. long, ‘often coarsely wrinkled, the rind very thick.
— (CITRON. )—Pinelands iid hammocks, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.)
Famity 10. SURIANACEAE-—Bav-cEpAR FAMILY
Shrubs or trees of coastal sands. Leaves alternate: blades entire.
Flowers perfect, solitary, or few in terminal clusters. Calyx o
sistent sepals. Corolla of 5 clawed petals. Androecium of 8 or 10
4 or 5 distinct earpels opposite the petals. Ovules 2, side by side. Fruit
achene-like.—The following genus and species comprise the family.
762 | SIMAROUBACEAE
1. SURIANA [Plum.] L. Shrubs with erect stems or trees with wide-
spreading branches, the bark flaky. Leaves numerous, fleshy. Fruits seated in
the persistent calyx.
1. S. maritima L. Shrub or tree 8 dm. (all,
the woo d very hard and MuR leaves s fleshy,
appressed- i x approximate; blades
ny -spatulat 1. 5-4
va
ong.—(BAY-CEDAR. THATCH-LEAF,)—
Sand- dunes and coastal ou S pen.
Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I. )—All year.
ne.
chance for a long life. How wever, on the leeward side of oe yee
from the winds and waves, plants sometimes grow to the size of tre
Famity 11. SIMAROUBACEAE—Quassta FAMILY
Shrubs, trees, or rarely herbs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite:
blades pinnately compound, 1—3-foliolate or rarely simple. Flowers polyg-
amous, deciduous, or rarely perfect, solitary, spicate, racemose or panicu-
late. -Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals or wanting. Androecium
is as many stamens as there are sepals or twice as many, or rarely very
any. Gynoecium of 2-5 more or less united earpels. Ovary usually
lobed. Stigmas mostly introrse. Fruit a a drupe or a samara, or baccate.—
About 30 genera and 150 species, most abundant in the tropics
Fruit drupaceous or bac
Carpels becoming distinet, forming simple fruits: leaf-blades ecd ed
MAROU
Carpels Dy united, forming a compound fruit: leaf-
blades unequally pinnate. 2. PICRAMNIA.
Fruit samaroi
Petals prese ent: ‘stamens 10: mature sa separate. 3. AILANTHUS.
Petals w wanting: Stamens 5: mature carpels united. 4,. ALVARADOA,
SIMAROUBA Aubl. Trees. Leaf- S abruptly pinnate, the leaflets
uu Flowers monoecious or dioecious, panieulate. Sepals 4 or 9, Short.
al
9 Species, tropical American
S. glauca DC. Tree sometim
SO en
yellowish: drupe oval, about 2 em. long,
scarlet or dark-purple. — (PARADISE-TREE.
BITTER-WOOD. )—Hammocks, near the coast,
SIMAROUBACEAE 763
S pen. Fla., Everglade Keys, and Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mes., C. A., S. A.)—
Spr. — The light- -brown heart-wood is elose-grained, but en and light.
2. PICRAMNIA Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate,
the leaflets thickish. Flowers dioecious, spicate or racemose. Sepals 3-5, short.
Petals 3-5, P white or greenish-
white, or wantin Stamens 3-5, unap-
pendaged. Ovary | 2-3-celled, not lobed:
style very short. Fruit a berry.—About 30
species, most abundant in tropical America.
P. pentandra Sw. Shrub or small tree:
s 5-7; blades elliptie, or rarely ovate,
soid, 10—1 long.— ( BITTER-BUSH.) —
Ham mmocks, Everglade Keys, Fla. and ae
ida Keys.— I.)—Wint.-spr.—The heavy
W.
and hard wood, like the bark, contains a
bitter principle. l
3. AILANTHUS Desf. Trees. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate, the leaf-
lets thin. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, paniculate. Sepals 5, short. Petals 5,
valvate, much larger than the sepals, white
lobed at the apex: style columnar. Fruit a
cluster of 5, or fewer, samaras with the style-
bases lateral.—About 3 species, Asiatic.
> >
bn
gum. A
j -
cy ims:
. pee j
T.
1. A. altissima Swingle. Tree becoming 30
m. tall: leaflets 13-41; blades e is
ye dpud -lanceolate, 7—1 g: as
long, linear- elliptic, a in
P St panicles, t eed in the middle.
[ A. ndu s f
TRE
places, various provinces, U. S. and S Can. Nat. of China and cult.—Spr.-sum.
4. ALVARADOA Liebm. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades unequally pin-
nate, the leaflets thinnish. Flowers dioecious, borne in spreading or drooping
racemes. _ Sepals 5, short, greenish. Petals
2-3-celled, apically notched. Fruit oe
—About 6 species, tropical Ameri
A. d Liebm. Shrub or 21
ree: leaves approximate at the ends of t
branches “cafele numerous, the blades >
long, those of the lateral a mostly
elliptic © or oval: flowers numerous, slender-
o n ovate, about 1 a m. long:
ents pubescent: samara elliptic or
snes -elliptie, 12.14 mm. long, ciliate,
764 | MELIACEAE
notehed.—-( ALVARADOA.) —Hammocks, Everglade Keys, Fla.—(JF. I., Mex., C.
4.) —Al1l year.
FamMity 122 BURSERACEAE- ToncHwoop FAMILY
Trees with a resinous sap. Leaves alternate: blades pinnate, rarely
1-3-foliolate. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, racemose or panicu-
late. Calyx of 3-6 sepals. Corolla of 3-6 petals. Androecium of 6-12
stamens. Gynoecium of 2-5 united carpels. Fruit drupaceous, the epi-
carp sometimes valvate—About 20 genera and 325 species, mostly of trop-
ical regions.
. ELAPHRIUM Jacq. Trees. Leaves approximate at the ends of the
branches: leaflets thick. Sepals 4-6, imbricate. Petals 4-6, mostly valvate.
Stamens 8-12, erect. Ovary 3-5-celled. |
Drupe with a valvate epicarp. [Bursera
acq.]—About 80 species, mostly of tropical
America. .
1. E. Simaruba (L.) Rose. Tree, becom-
. )
ing 20 m. tall: with soft wood and smooth
reddish bark: leaflets 3-7; blades oval or
It is the only deciduous-leaved tropical tree among its evergreen associates. A
rapidly.
Famity 13. MELIACEAE- MAHOGANY FAMILY
hru
pinnately 1-3-compound. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, panicu-
late. Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals. Androecium of 8-10,
Gynoecium of 3-5 united carpels. Ovary 3-5-celled. Fruit a berry, a
capsule, or a drupe.—About 50 genera and 700 species, most abundant in
the tropics.
Fruit drupaceous, clustered, drooping: androecium and style FODER "a
l . MELIA.
Fruit capsular, solitary, erect; androecium and Style short. 2. SWIETENIA.
1. MELIA L. Trees with variegated wood. Leaf-blades thrice unequally
pinnate. Sepals 5 or 6. Petals 5 or 6. Staminal tube elongate, the lobes
POLYGALACEAE 765
cleft. | Anthers sagittate. Stigma 3-6-
lobed. Drupe coriaceous-fleshy. Seed not
winged.—About 25 species, Asiatic.
1. M. Azedarach L. Tree becoming 15 m.
tall (in M. Azedarach umbraculifera with
an umbrella-like top): leaflets numerous;
blades herbaceous, ovate, oval, or de
-— 1 obed: flow
and N. C. Nat.
A favorite shade-tree about cabi One
much used for cabinet-work. “Extensively turned and very showy when
in flower.—Spr.—The leaves are deciduou
2. SWIETENIA Jacq. Trees, with hard wood. Leaf-blades once equally
pinnate. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamin al-tube short, the lobes entire. Stigma
id. Capsule woody. Seed winged.—
Three species, 2 American and 1 African.
1. Mahagoni Jacq. Tree becoming 25
m. tall: leaflets 4-8; gees rae das.
to ovate-lanceolate, 3-8 ong,
zi
D
IAN MAHOGANY.) —Ham ocks, Ever-
Keys to Cape Sable, pen. Fla. and
lade DOC
Florida Keys.—(W. I., C. A., S. A. )—Sum. vtt:
—The source of the mahogan much used
in sabe wou The leaves are persistent.
OrpER POLYGALALES — POLYGALAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, some-
times aes Flowers perfect. Perianth mostly irregular, each whorl
ments often partially united. Anthers opening by terminal pores or
cracks. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, or rarely of more. Fruit capsular.
Famity 1. POLYGALACEAE — MinkwogT FAMILY
Herbs, or rarely shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades mostly entire. Flowers
solitary, spicate, or racemose, san Spe alyx of mostly 5 se epals, the
inner petaloid. Corolla of 5, or often of 3, iul Buren united petals,
the lower one keel-like. Androecium o amens, partially coherent
with the petals. Anthers 1-celled. Capsule usually 2-seeded.—About 10
genera ini 1,000 species, ponen distributed.
Corolla-keel blunt, crestless and beakless. 1. ASEMEIA.
Corolla-keel appendaged, with a lobed er tufted crest.
766 POLYGALACEAE
--Flowers axillary to leaf-like bracts: perennial plants with
slender rootstocks. 2. TRICLISPERMA.
Flowers in terminal D e racemes: annual plants, or
perennials with tapr
ea SR pot xr z ecu eeent on the pedicel: pedicels
we
not yellow: racemes not in
ose. mant
MEE less th a E the length of the keel: aril equi-
, obscurely lobed. 3. GALYPOLA.
ant
Wings equalling the keel or exceeding it: aril 2-lobed. 4. POLYGALA.
Sepals and petals decurrent on the pedicel: pedicels
winged : flowers yellow or orange, or if white then
cymose panicles
Ct
. PILOSTAXIS.
1. ASEMBIA Raf. Annual or Pb herbs, or shrubs. Leaves often
alternate: blades broad or narrow. Raceme narrow, spike-like. Sepals per-
gined. Seeds pubescent, the aril scarcely lobed.—About 20 species, mostly
North Ameriean.—Spr.-fall or all year S.—CANDYWEEDS. POLYGALAS.
Capsule much shorter than the wing
Wings green or merely purple “tinged : cap ue broadly elliptic, UET narrowed
at the base: wings slightly inequilater . A. grandiflora.
Wings bright-purple ; e narrowly elliptic, gradually nar-
rowed at the base: ngs very inequilateral, very oblique. 2. A. leiodes.
Capsule as lone as the wings or longer.
ature wines: suborbicular : capsule as long as the wings or
slightly longer : keel 3. long. 9. A. cumulicola.
Mature wings ae eane ai longer than the wings:
keel 2-2.5 mm. long. . A. miamiensis.
i. A. grandiflora (Walt.) Small. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, the stem finely, often
closely pubescent: blades of the upper ee elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or
a r nea a
ing: flowers greenish or sometimes cs
tinged: ppper hs doe Biol ovate, becom-
long: mature wings 6-7 mm.
and S.
Ms bright rose-purple flowers growing
inly in pen. Florida may represent a
distinct species
2. A. leiodes (Blake) Small. Plant 2-4.5 dm. tall, the dis ba m T
pustulate: blades of the upper leaves linear, typi ically narrowly so, or filiform
linear: flowers pues usually dark-purple: upper pe become: p fus
2.5 mm. lon aoe ies 4.5-5.5 mm. long: sen T Poly? mm. long, much
exceeded oi wings: m. l
c
o
[en
ed
» fo
c
o
|
ct
bo
B
H
Š
Ej
mss
as
-u
Q
Ss
Pa
3E
o
ae
fu a
umulicola Small. Plant 3-4 dm. tall, the stem finely and closely
pubescent: blades of the lower ‘as spatul ate to linear- -spatulate, those of
the upper leaves narrowly elliptic to linear-elliptie or narrowly linear-lanceo-
POLYGALACEAE 767
late: flowers purple, often pale: upper en becoming 1.5-2 mm. long: mature
wings broadly obovate, 4.5-5 mm. long: c i5 ule 4.5-5.5 mm. long: seed-body
about 2 mm. long. [Polygala "Kragü (Fl . U. x FE. ASA mA Small.]
—Coastal sand-dunes, lower eastern coast, m Fla
A. miamiensis Small. Plant 3-4 dm. tall, the stem minutely pubescent:
pare of the lower leaves spatulate to elliptie- spatulate, is of the upper
leaves roe elliptic: ee pa a E upper sepal bee aing 1-1.5 mm
long: matur wings obovate, 2.5-3 . long: capsule 3- 25m . long, exceed-
ing the win m eed-body E ut 2 mm. long. [Polygala On Small.]—
Everglades near "c source of the Miami River, Fla.
2. TRICLISPERMA Raf. Perennial caulescent herbs with elongate
rootstocks. Leaves e DE the lower ones scale-like, the upper
larger, approximate. Flowers of two kinds, X
the petaliferous showy, c to en like
bracts, rose-purple or rarely white, the
eleistogamous ineonspieuous, borne on short
basal M ui E eae conspicuous. Sepals
filaments adnate to the two posterior petals.
Stigma discoid, not lobed. Capsule 2-lobed.
Seed with a prominently 3-lobed aril.—One
species.
ie r poe ins (Wild.) Nieuwl Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf-blades various,
those of the er leaves seale- d those of the upper eig oval, or ovate:
braets similar to the upper leaves: flowers rose-colored, ipi. rple, or white:
sepals 4-6 mm. long: wings o to obovate, 10—18 ong: "keel gei
as long as the wings, ihe claw longer than the PAN lateral AE 12-14 m
long: on suborbieular or orbieular-obeordate, 5— wide, winge s
the notched apex: seed ovoid, the body 2.5-3 mm. long, t Gu ear br lobes
reaching nearly or quite to the base of the seed. [Poly du paueifolia illd.]
— ( BIRD- -WING. aber FLOWERING-WINTERGREEN. idera d XR
GALA. GaAY-WINGS.)—Moist woods and ravines, often in subacid "ii various '
provinces, N T of Coastal Plein Ga. to Ill, Man., Que., and Me.—Spr.-sum.
ALYPOLA Nieuwl Annual eaulescent, slender, usually simple
Leaves alternate, inconspicuous: blades very narrow, erect. Flowers
n
the base. Stamens 8, the filaments adnate,
and united to the posterior petals. Stigma
prominently 2-lobed. Capsule wingless, ob-
scurely notched at the apex. Seed with an
obscurely lobed aril.—One species.
768 POLYGALACEAE
1. G. incarnata (L.) Nieuwl Plant 2-7 dm. tall, the dire glaucous; blades
of the upper leaves linear-subulate to subulate: flowe ers inly rose-purple, or
Miu Ew sepal becoming 2-2.5 mm. long: m inde laneeolate to
| spat 3—4 mm. long: keel 6-8 mm. long, the claw d than the body:
nn pom 5-7 mm. long: capsule ovoid, 3-3.5 Ae notehed "i the
ase: seed oval or oval- ovoid, the body about 2 mm. long, capped with the
aril— S POOR TL LOWER. POLYGA E Baa dry woods, and prairies,
in rather sterile soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Ont., and S N. Y.—
(Mex z.) — — Sum. or all year S.
4. POLYGALA L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, oppo-
site, or whorled: blades narrow or broa , herbaeeous or fleshy. Flowers in
slender and spike-like or short and stout racemes. Sepals persistent, distinct.
Wings persistent, petaloid; with usually broad blades. Keel about as ma
as the wings, with a lobed appendage or tufted crest below the apex. Stam
with the names united and usually adnate to the posterior petals. n
broad, wingless or slightly winged. Seeds usually pubescent, the aril with 2
RM un ssed lobes.—About 400 species, widely distributed.—CANDY WEEDS.
POLYGALA
Leaves all altern
Racemes elongate, interrupted or continuous: flowers persistent, and persistent
fruits, not densely crowded.
Wings an corolla white or greenish-white : plant per-
ennial. I. SENEGAE.
WE and corolla rose-purple: plant annual or bi-
Plant biennial, with basal shoots bearing cleistoga-
mous flow II. POLYGAMAE.
Plant annual, "vitüiout basal shoots: no cleistoga-
mous flow III. LEPTOCAULES.
Racemes short and stout, not interrupted: flowers and
2 deciduous, leaving an. elongate scarred rachis, .
a bristly rachis when t j PN are persistent,
Leaves reduced to minute scale IV. SETACEAE.
Leaves not scale-like. V. MARIANAE.
Leaves, at Yeast at some of the nodes of the stem, whorled.
Bracts persistent on the raceme-rachis after anthesis. VI. CRUCIATAE.
Brac ts deciduous from the raceme-rachis after anthesis. VII. POTEINIANAR:
. SENEGAE
Perennial herb with stems tufted on a short caudex and stout
root: stems scaly at the base: flowers inconspicuous. 1. P. Senega.
II, POLYGAMAE
wane Beers or oval, slightly longer than wide:
about as wa od the ae or much longer: seed
avold, sometimes n wly s
Flowers long-pedicelled : ponies oe the bracts:
wings much longer than Phe capsu 2. P. polygama.
pu Pit ag dnd par. shorter than the bracts:
gs t as long 3. P. aboriginum.
Capsule elliptie, about Cie pU ires as wide: wings much
Shorter than the capsule: seed cylindric. 4. P. Lewtonit.
III. LEPTOCAULES
Annual herb with very slender simple or sparingly branched
Stems and narrow rans blades: flowers very small, in narrow
continuous racemes b. P. leptocaulis.
IV. SETACEAE
Perennial slender herb with almost filiform inconspi icuously
scaly stem and branches: flowers very small, in pale very
` dense racemes. 6. P. setacea.
V. MARIANAE
Flowers small: wings ao 4 mm. jns or less; capsule
less than 3 mm. lon
POLYGALACEAE 769
Bracts persistent on the raceme-rachis.
Wi P oval to ovate: racemes usually acuminate
at the tip. T. P. Chapmanii.
Wings narrow, ds varying to broadest above the
middle or bel it: racemes blunt or abruptly
point ted at the
Mature wings about 2 mm. long: capsule wider than
long: seed about 1 mm. long. 8. P. Nuttallii.
Mature wi ngs 3.5-4 mm. long: capsule longer than
eed about 1.5 mm. long. 9. P. Curtissii.
Bracts deciduous from the raceme-ra achis
Mat wings not clawed: capsule slightly exceeded by
os in 10. P. mariana.
Mature wings clawed: capsule much exceeded by the :
wings. 11. P. Harperi.
Flowers large: wings becoming 5 mm. long or more: capsule
over 3 mm. long. 12. P. viridescens.
VI. Cruc
Raceme loosely and rather sparsely bocca: pU to the
apex: persistent bracts separate. 13. P. Hookeri.
Raceme densely many-flowered, rounded or abruptly narrowed
at the apex: persistent bracts clon fo ogether
Mature wings ovate, abruptly pointed: sepals obtuse: 14. P. brevifolia.
Mature wings hastate- deltoid, MA nate, sometimes cau-
date-acuminate: sepals acu
aceme manifestly Seguneled: mature wings much
prey than wide, caudate-acuminate. 15. P. ramosior.
sea oe sessile or nearly so: mature wings about as wide
ong, abruptly short-acuminate. 16. P. cruciata.
VII. BOYKINIANAE
Pune perennial.
aves whorled, at least up to the middle of the stem
e^ eed HAA Jess than twice as long a s thick, rounded
at the 17. P. Boykinii.
aia slender, over twice as long as thick, acute at the
18. P. flagellaris
eave: Pa noried only near the base of the stem. 19. P. praetervisa,
Plant annual.
Inter eee of the stem greatly elongate: seed fusiform,
gla 20. P. leptostachys.
Internodes of of = stem not greatly elongate: seed ovoid,
Raceme Ce with the fruits persistent on the
: s about as long as
the capsule: seed-body about thrice as x as thick. 21. P. ambigua.
i P
thic
Capsule about 1 mm. long: seed aaay pena 29. P. verticillata
Capsule about 1.5 mm. long: seed hir 23. P. Pretzii,
1. P. pany L. EC 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous or puberulent: blades
of the r leaves linear to lanceolate, more or less serrulate (or ovate and
distinctly serrulate and with lar mc psule
.0—4. ng: seed
.5 mm, long.—(SEN on)
woods and rocky soil, often ane
various provinces, Miss. to Ark., y,
N. B, and N. C.—Spr.—The roots are
sometimes used medicinally.
. P. polygama Walt. Plant 1-5 dm.
e stem glabrous: leaves mot ud
49
770 POLYGALACEAE
blades spatulate to elliptic-oblanceolate or linear: idu minute: flowers iud
purple to pink, = white: ae sepal oe 2-2.5 mm. long: mature wings
obovate, 3-6 m pues ra ong, the claw shorter than Rs bod:
lateral petals 3-4 m erie capsule de orbicular-ova ong:
seed ovoid, about 2. 5i mm. long.—-Acid sandy soil, pns is po pulus a
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Man., aid N. S.—Spr.-
3. P. aboriginum Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, s stem glabrous: leaves alter-
nate; blades elliptic-spatulate to narrowly elliptie: e ers mainly pink, some-
t 1.5 mm. long: mature
mm. long
elaw shorter than the body: lateral petals about 2.5 mm. long: capsule oval
and somewhat quadrate, about 3.5 mm. long: seed narrowly obovoid or slightly
‘cylindric. obovoid, about 3 mm. long.—Hammocks, coastal sand-dunes, S of
Coronado, Fla —Spr.
4. P. Lewtonii Small. Plant 1-2 dm. tall the stem glabrous: leaves in
clusters; bc spatulate to Epod uen flowers mainly deep-pink: upper
sepa al becom ing 1.5-2 mm. long: wings rhombic-obovate, 4—5 mm. long:
keel zc 3.5 mm. long, the claw um as y long as the body: lateral petals oe
3 m ong: capsule Pei a about 5 mm. long: seed cylindric, 3-3.5 m
hes D scrub, C Fla.—Spr.-sum.
5. P. leptocaulis T. & G. Plant 2-6 dm. tall, the stem very slender, the
branches almost i upper leaves scie or filiform: flowers pale-purple
or pinkish: upper pile ee e mm. long: mature wings spatulate,
elliptic-obovate, or elliptic, 1.5-2 B keel about 1.5 mm, lon ng; the claw
much shorter than the ae C HEUS elliptic, about 1.5 mm. long: .seeds
elliptie-ovoid, fully 1 mm. long. [P. paludosa (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—Sandy cani
low pinelands, and pil Dunes Coastal Plain, Miss. to Tex.—(W. I., Mex
. 4.) —Spr.-
. Setacea Michx. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous, pale-gre en: leaf-
blades mere subulate scales: Hem: pinkish or r whitish: ed ud sepal becoming 1-
1.5 mm. long: mature de narrowly obovate, about 2 mm. long, usually abruptly
pointed: keel bon 2m uM pda ise 1.5-2 mm. long: capsule deltoid-
ovate, about 1.5 mm. long: seed 1 m ong with a globose- ovoid body, a
slender tip.—Low pinelands, "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-sum.
or all year
P. Chapmanii T. & G. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, the stem pase: blades of
the upper leaves narrowly linear or “tinea subu late: flowers pale-purple or
purplis sh: upper sepal p 1.5 mm. long: wings ovate or oval, 2.5-3 mm.
ong: keel about 2 Ps ong; the aw as oe as Al body or longer: eapsule
suborbieular, fully 1 long: seed 1-1.5 mm. long, with a ana
body and a slender us puc i Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Spr.—
8. P. Nuttallii T. & G. Plant 1-2.5 dm. tall, the stem usually i pubescent
below: blades of the lower leaves linear-spa atulate, ‘those of the n ones nar-
rowly linear: flowers purple, purplish, or greenish: upper sepal becoming 1 mm.
long: mature wings a or elliptic. Sn cold 2-2.5 mm. long: keel about
E long as the w s lateral pe etals about 2 mm. long: capsule about 1.5 mm.
ong: seed about ong, ovoid, with a short stout tip.—Pinelands, sand-
d old-fields, md È ad ofte en in acid soil, various provinces, Ala. to
Miss., Pa., Mass. . and N. um
9. P. Curtissii A. Gray. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: blades of the
lower leaves spatulate, those ^ the upper ones linear: flowers rose-purple,
POLYGALACEAE 771
bright-pink, or white: upper ui becoming 1.5-2 du Eu rer wings
e to ovate- iid, ie, 3.5-4 mm. long: E about 2.5 . long: seed 1.5
mm. long, with an ovoid body a slender tip. [P. Hugeri Small. 1— SB UTTON-
ao — Woods, hows banks, ledg es, pinelands, and sandy barrens, various
M. Ga. and Ala. to Ky. an d Pa. —Sum.—fall. -—Ascends to 4,000 feet in
. C., its size and vigor increasing “with the altitude.
E. mariana Mill. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: blades of the
er pde d eae those of the upper ones linear: flowers pink or Purple:
da sepal fully 1 mm. long: mature wings ovate to elliptie, 2.5-3 mm. long:
keel nearly as lon ng as the wings: lateral petals about 3 mm. long: e
about 2 mm. long: seed fully 1 mm. long, with an ovoi id body and short stout
tip —Pinelands, NER savannas, and puse various provinces, Fla. to Tex.
Ark., and N. S.—Sum.-fall.
11. P. Harperi Small. Plant 1.5-4 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: ps of ps
lower leaves spatulate, those of the upper odd Esa pe o linear o
: m E
. : mm :
Mi elliptic, about 4 mm. long: capsule 1.5-2 mm. Es : seed about 1 mm
long, with an ovoid ecl and short stout tip.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La. and Ga.—Spr.-
19. P. viridescens L. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: blades of the
lower leaves spatulate, xd: of the upper ones linear to een elliptic: flowers
reddish-purple, green, white: upper sepal Er d 2 . long: mature
wings broadly ovate, 5 n. long or more: keel 2.5-3 m zione pen petals
much shorter re the wings: le fully 3 mm. long: d fully 1.5 m
with ovoid bodies and stout t P. ~ a Dry woods, HER
m S and ees various oe S. C. , Okla., Ont., and N. S.—
Sum
13. P. Hookeri T. & G. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: blades of
the hh wer ie short-spatulate, those of the upper ones linear- -spatulate to
linear: flowers pink: upper sepa d E 1.5 mm. long: mature wings
m lanceolate or ovate, about 3 m ong: capsule about 2 mm. long: seed
‘ully 1 mm. long, ovoid, minutely pue —Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, W
Fla. to Tex.—Sum.-fall.
P. brevifolia Nutt. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: blades of the
lower leaves obovate, those of the upper ones oblanceolate, linear, or narrowly
elliptic: ous ro ose- purple: upper sepal suborbicular, becoming fu ully 1.5 mm.
long, ciliate: mature wings ovate to ovate-oblong, 3-4 mm. long, aeute or
slightly acuminate: capsule orbicular or orbicular- reniform, about 2 mm. long:
seed about 1.5 mm. long, ovoid, with a very minute tip.—Acid sandy swamps,
Coastal Plain and New ‘ngland Coast, Fla. to Miss. and R. I.—Spr.—fall.
15. P. ramosior (Nash) Small. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: T
of the lower leaves obovate or spatulate, those of the u upper ones narrowly
spatulate P linear-spatulate, thick: flowers light-purple or dark-pu d |
rarely white: Aou Vu becom ming 1.5 mm. long: mature wings o much
longer than Cun dia LE ea eapsule about 2.5 mm. long: seed
oval, less t tiet n T's lon I. iata ramosior Nash. |]— a pinelands
and swamps, Coastal Plain and PAD adj provinees, Fla. to La. and N. C.—
Sum.-fall or all year S
16. P. cruciata L. Plant 0.5-2 dm. “tall, the stem glabrous or nearly so:
blades of the lower leaves spatulate:or obovate, those of the upper ones spatu-
late to linear-spatulate, thinnisb: pem rose-purplish or greenish: upper sepal
172 . POLYGALACEAE
not ciliate, oe about 1.5 mm. long: mature wings deltoid or hastate-
deltoid, 3. 5—4 mm. Hn ong, Aire short-acuminate: eapsule 2 mm. long: seed
less th. 9 long, oval- prs —(DRUM-HEADS.)—Acid bogs and wet
meadows, various ates Ga. to La., Minn., and Mass.—Sum.—fall.
17. P. Boykinii Nutt. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf- aed various, those of the
lower leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, those of the upper ones linear-lanceo-
late to linea ee dd ers white or gree eenish-white: bod sepal becoming nearly
1.5 mm. long: ure a suborbicular, 2.5-3 mm. long: keel 2-2.5 mm. long:
capsule SD US as t 3 mm. lon uds om ovoid, nearly 2.5 mm.
ong.— Woods, river-bank S, prairies, and pinelands, often in n caleareous Soils,
Coastal Plain 'and adj. m “Fla. to La. aid Ga.—Spr.—
18. P. praetervisa Chodat. Plant erect, 3-6 dm. tall or with partly de-
cumbent branches: leaves in few whorls near the base of the stem, the upper
scattered; blades of the lower leaves obovate ps i those of the upper
ones laneeolate to linear-subulate, often almost s e: flowers greenish or
greenish-white: upper sepal be ecomin ming 1.5 mm. ine: mature poss oval to
suborbicular-oval, cri 2.0 mm. long: keel 2-2.5 mm. long: capsule oval-
elliptie, about 2 mm. long: seed narrowly ovoid, n than 2 mm. long.—
lands and inicie lower Florida Keys.—All yea
c P. flagellaris Small. Plant with decumbent or prostrate branches 2-8
m. long: leaves mostly in whorls, only a few near the inflorescence scattered ;
blades of the m diis dis or broadly: spatulate, those of the upper
y 80, in :
ded seta fully 15 mm. long: mature wings oval to obovate, 3 mm. lon
so: keel 2.5-3 mm. long: capsule elliptic, fully 2.5 mm. long: seed
cylindric. ovoid, about 2 mm. long.—Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.—All year.
20. P. s pad Shuttlw. Plant 1.5 dm. tall: leaves in distant whorls;
bo e
2 mm.
seed fusiform, about 1.5 mm. long.—Sandhills and pos elands, Coastal Plain,
a. to Miss.—Spr._sum.—Seed glabrous or usually s
21. P. ambigua Nutt. Plant 1-3 og tall, ae a erect or nearly so:
` Suborbieular, short-clawed: keel 1.5 mm. long: ot nas suborbicular to broadly
ovate, fully 15 m m. long: seed ovoid, 1.5 mm. long.—Woods, slopes, pastures,
and roadsides, various provinces, Ga. ‘to La. Okla. Mich., an nd Me.—Sum.
22. P. verticillata T Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall, the branches more or less spread-
do: pn le or green: upper sepal becoming abou o
a 2 mm. lon lades ovate to D or EEA ovate: keel
out 1.5 mm. long: capsule broadly elliptic to ovate-elliptie, 2 mm. long: seed
ovoid, nearly 1.5 mm. long. PES. i e roadsides, and woods, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., Man., and Que.—S
23. P. Pretzii Pennell. Plant 1—4 dm. tall, the i rii bed sae ascendin
blades of the lower leaves vide ri eet BA raga "od s upper ones
narrower: flowers mainly white or pinkis 0.6—0.8 mm
1 bee
long, mature wings about 1. 5 mm. long; "blades ure n md clawed: keel
POLYGALACEAE 773
about as long as the wings, often apnd vdd ovate, fully 1.5 mm. long:
seed narrowly ovoid, about 1.5 m ong.—Pastures, open woods, and sandy
slopes, various provinces, W. Tenn. PS Mich. and Me. —Sum.—fall.
5. PILOSTAXIS Raf. Annual or biennial caulescent somewhat succulent
herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes mainly basal: blades entire. Flowers a
alike, borne in single or corymbosely paniculate dene spike-like racemes, yel-
h
low or orange, or rarely whitish or greenish. ings conspicuous. Sepals (and
wings) persistent. Corolla about as as i tamens with the
l united an nat the posterior petals. Capsule obovate, sub-
0
oid, oval, or globular, sometimes with an aril.—Represented only by
the tubis species.—POLYGA
Racemes solitary at the end of the stem or terminating branches, not in terminal
cymes.
Wings bn ate: seed with ae apical appendages 1/3—1/4 as long as the seed-
: sepals long and narr
Keel carved over the Seas pom pistil, but prolonged as a straight fringe,
with the fringes nearly as long as the body : petals C e p d CUBES
eel.
Keel arched over the stamens and DES as a hood, entire:
2. P. arenicola.
endage
Mature wings 6.5-7.5 mm. long, 3 m mm. wide or less: capsule
about 1.5 mm; wide: seed less than. 1.5 mm. long: raceme
orange-yello 3. P. lutea.
Mau ned 8-9 mm. long, over 3 mm. wide: capsule ee
e: seed fully 1.5 mm. long: raceme lem
slo 4. P. Rugelii.
Racemes iü terminal compound cymes.
acemes yellow.
ur. ngs R upper sepal acuminate: capsule orbicu-
P. ramosa.
al.
Wings acide: Hpper sepal acute: capsule didymous:
seed ovoid-globose
Racemes white or greenish-w white.
wie 2nd Bsa plage acuminate: capsule less than 1.5
: seed less than 0.5 mm. wide. 7. P. Baldwinii.
Wings and. upper sepal c E capsule fully 1 mm.
wide: seed over 0.5 mm. wide. 8. P. Carteri.
P. nana (Michx.) Raf. Plant 0.5—1.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades o
ned Paci so: raceme green 7 go upper NE laneeolate or ovate
lance 5—6 mm. long
d een: or V
6. P. cymosa.
ps AC —Pinelands and occa-
nally upland woods, Coastal Plain and
LM B provinees, Fla. to La., and
S. C.—AIl yea
beak. [Polygala mana (Michx.
UTTON.)—
2. P. arenicola Small. Plant 0.2-0.5 dm.
tal: leaf-blades oblanceolate to linear-
oblanceolate: raceme yellow-green: upper
sepal lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, acumin
mature A lanceolate, ae 7 mm epee mone jas -acuminate: capsul
about 1.5 mm. wide: seed about 2 mm. long, the body ellipsoid, tipped with
174 POLYGALACEAE
a stout curved beak. [Polygala arenicola Small.]—Pinelands, Everglade Keys,
Fla.—All year.
3. P. lutea (L.) Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the
o
l to ost linear: upper sepals becoming 2 mm. lon a ovate
raceme Mec ee nae mature wings elliptic iua obovate- -elliptic, ae mm
long, cuspidate: capsule about 1.5 mm. lon ess than 1.5 mm. long,
ape ata with a minute M Eu id lutea L. (Bo OG BACHELOR” S- po
CANDYWEED. WILD BACHE N.)—Low pinelands and sandy bogs,
often : in acid soil, Coastal Plain, "Fla. D La. and N. Y.—Spr.-sum.
4. -bl
of the lower leaves spatulate, those of the upper m “oblanes olate to lan
late: raceme lemon-yellow: upper sepal becoming 2.5 m m. long, broadly eae:
mature wings obovate to elliptic or Sree lanceolate, 8- 9 mm . long, cuspidate:
capsule over 1.5 mm. wide: seed fully 1.5 mm. long, ellipsoid, with a minute
tip. [Polygala oo Shuttlw. P. Reynoldsiae ag pe c BACHE-
LOR ’S-BUTTON.)—-Low pin elands, swamps, and ponds, pen —Spr.—fall—A
hot infusion of this plant is drunk by the Seminoles, in cases of snake-bite.
5. P. ramosa (Ell) Small. Plant 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades various; those of
the ee leaves spatulate or obovate, those of the upper ee oblanceolate to
linea e lemon-yellow: upper sepal ovate, becoming mm
ae wings ovate, 2.5-3 mm. long, acuminate: capsule abo i E wi “ide.
seed pubescent, oval, fully 05 mm. lon ng, minutely tipped. [Polygala ramosa
Ell. leary pinelands, acid swamps, marshes, and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex. and N. J.—Sum.-fall.
P. cymosa (Walt.) Small. Plant 4-12 dm. tall: leaf- Ln various, those
of the lower leaves linear, those of the Ma narrowly line raceme lemon-
yellow: upper s ey orbieular- da becoming 2 mm. uc n wings oval
or somewhat e ps 5—4 mm. long, mucronate: ea e didymous, bains 1
mm. long, fully . wide ‘seed glabrous, he nearly 1 mm. long.
[Polygala c pie “Walt —Pincland i nU meadows, and acid eypress um)
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Del.—Spr.—fall.—The fra eia pcne common
to the Arun species seems 6 be pred from the roots of this
de PS ees (Nutt.) Small. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades is those
of the lower leaves spatulate to obovate, those of the upper leaves narrowly
spatulate to lance - ate: ra an e blunt, white: upper sepal pu ehe be-
coming 2.5 mm. long, a nate: mature wings ovate-lanceo n to narrowly
1 Or slightly Duc edu) nearer 3 ee . long, acuminate: capsule less than
l mm. wide: seed ovoid, 0.5-0.7 mm. long. [Polygala Baldwinii utt. |—
(WHITE BACHELOR 'S-BUTT "ON. )—Low ud and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Miss. and Ga.—Sum
8. P. Carteri Small. Plant 1-5.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the
lower leaves spatulate, Dio of the upper linear- rs to almost linear:
raceme acute, greenish: upper sepal ovate, becoming 2 mm. long, cuspidate:
mature wings elliptic, sometimes broadly so, about 4 mm. long, abruptly
i ully 1 mm. ] ln 1 ; . |
Carteri Small.] —Low pinelands and prairies, Everglade Keys, e Big Cypress
Swamp, S pen. Ila. and lower Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—All yea
ORDER EUPHORBIALES — EUPHORBIAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes aquatic or amphibious, but mainly
terrestrial, commonly with milky juice. Leaves various, sometimes re-
EUPHORBIACEAE 719
duced to scales, or almost wanting. Flowers mainly monoecious or dioe-
eious, regular. Calyx of several sepals. Corolla of several petals, or
often wanting. Androecium of more than one stamen, except when the
staminate flowers are Sag cred: over the inside of an involucre. Filaments
distinct or united into a column. Anthers opening by longitudinal or
transverse valves. Gynoecium of 2, 3, or 4, or rarely more, united carpels,
superior. Styles, or stigmas, usually distinct and cleft or Pp d.
united by pairs in VOU IUNE: Ovules 1, 2, or 3 in each e
capsular, achene-like, drupaceous or ae Seeds often “carunedlat,
Po or stigmas distinct or mainly so, cleft or foliaceous: ovary 3-celled or rarely
E r 2-celled : stamens several, except when on the
.1. EUPHORBIACEAE.
nsi ide of an involucre Fam
Styles united by pairs: ovary 4 celled : stamen solitary. Fam. 2. CALLITRICHACEAE.
Famity 1. EUPHORBIACEAE — Spurce FAMILY
| Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often with milky sap. Leaves opposite,
whorled, or alternate: blades s simple and entire, toothed or lobed, or com-
poun owers monoecious or dioecious, solitary or variously duet
or much reduced and in an involucre ( horbia and related des
Calyx of 2-several sepals or obsolete. Corolla of 2-sever tals or
al p
wanting. Androecium of few-many stamens. Fruit depressed o “ehtiy
elongate.—About 250 genera and 4,000 species, widely distributed.
Flowers not in an involucre: calyx of several sepals.
A and seeds, 2 n each gynoecium- cavity.
I. ANDRACHNEAE.
ing: 3.
Plants monoecious or rarely dioecious: ovary 3-
celled : fruit Se area or baccate.
n dioecious : : ovary 1- or 2- celled : fruit dru-
II. PHYLLANTHEAE,
III. DRYPETEAE.
Ovules, nd. Fe) solitary in each gyn oecium-cav
Flowers, either staminate or pistillate, or both; in
more or less on gate spikes or racemes, the
pistillate basa
Corolla Breen s either. staminate or pistillate
flowers, or in both e (except in Croton
Stamens 5 to m ny: filaments distinct. IV. CROTONEAE.
Stamens 10 or ten er: filaments monadelphous, V. DITAXEAE.
Corolla wanting.
noecium 2-carpellary: styles 2: sepals dis-
tinct: herbs.
Gynoecium 3-several-carpellary : styles 3-sev-
VI. MERCURIALEAE
ral, ium a AEN and
ons it
Stamens 8-16 VII. ACALYPHEAE.
Stamens 1-5.
Sepals valvate in the bud. VIII. TRAGIEAE.
epals imbricate in the bud. IX. HIPPOMANEAE.
PONE either the staminate or the pistillate, or
, in cymes or corymbs, or in open racemes.
Leaf-blades not peltate: filaments not repeatedly
brane
rl borne in TorkinE cym X. ADENOROPIEAE.
lowers borne in racemes or Don XI. MANIHOTEAE.
Leaf-blades peltate : fil dun eet branded: XII. RICINEAE.
KONT ^ ee S: ms RE ed by a minute scale
e base of a filam E pedicel: involucre and ,
co HR. simulating a
XIII. EUPHORBIEAE.
Involucre regular or n ete 80, not naan
Involucre oblique and very irregula XIV.
PEDILANTHEAE.
776 EUPHORBIACEAE
" oap iei AE
Evergreen dioecious shrubs flowers axillary, the
staminate sessile, the pistillate pedicelled.
II. PHYLLANTHEQF
Androecium and .£ynoecium surrounded by a disk at the base.
Anthers opening horizontally : fruit capsular.
ios bium e zm ng branches dilated, leaf-like, leafless or
lower: bea a branches not dilated, leafy.
Anthers opening vertically : fruit baccate.
ag tc and gynoecium not surrounded by a disk at the
l III. DRYPETEAE
Evergreen shrubs or trees.
V. Cro
pets p x ed or pe
2-celled, 3-lob Led 2-lobe ed, dehiscent: flowers
e lusters, Spikes, or a
Ovary 1- Nai capsule 1- celled, achene-like, indehiscent: flow-
ers sc
I
Ovary 3-celled or rarely 2-celled:
or
V. DITAXEAE
style once branched: petals distinct.
Style several times branched : petals united at the base.
VI. MERCURIALEAE
Annual (or perennial) herbs.
VII. ACALYPHEAE
Annual 2 perennial monoecious or rarely dioecious herbs, or
shru owers in axillary or terminal spikes or spike-like
race fias the pistillate flowers subtended by lobed bracts:
stigmas much branched.
VIII. TRAG
Perennial monoecious herbs, with Eee or acacia stems, pu-
bescent with often stinging hairs
. HIPPOMANEAE
Gynoecium 3-carpellary, or rarely 2-carpellary
Styles 3, or rarely 2 (Sapium) : fruit dehiscent.
Receptacle with 3 horn-like projections under the capsule.
Se with a central column.
Calyx of the staminate flower p
(Sapium) :
ynoecium 3-earpellary: stigma 9: stamens
usually 3
Capsule dry: leaf-blades
seed with a caruncle:
ase.
Capsule fle eed wit IG t a caruncle: leaf-
blades biglandular at the base.
eium 2-carpellary: stigmas 2: stamens 2.
js noe
Calyx wanting or rudimentary. .
Gnóscium- b- 8-carpellary: styles 6-8: fruit indehiscent.
X. ADENOROPIEAE
Petals wanting: stamens 10 or more: calyx corolloid.
Petals present: stamens 10 or fewer: calyx not corolloid.
|. XI. MANIHOTEAE
PE SEEDS; shrubs, or rarely trees, with usually large tuberous
XII. RICINE
Annual herbs, or shrubs or O with large a anes lobed
leaf-blades: capsule echin
XIII. EUPHORBIEAE
Herbs, annual or perennial, unarmed, artly woody plan
Glands of the involucres with petal-like eapendeecs. Giese
sometimes much reduce
mare all | ORDOGI leaf-blades inequilateral, oblique at
t
Leaves alternate or scattered at least below the in-
scence: stem topped by an umbel.
fod
Os p
an
n
12.
14.
23.
24.
SAVIA.
XYLOPHYLLA,
. PHYLLANTHUS.
CICCA.
. BREXNIA.
. DRYPETES.
CROTON.
CROTONOPSIS.
. CAPERONIA.
. MERCUBRIALIS.
ACALYPHA.
TRAGIA.
STILLINGIA.
. SEBASTIANA.
. TRIADICA.
SAPIUM.
? GYMNANTHES.
. HIPPOMANE,
. BIVONEA.
. ADENOROPIUM,.
. JATROPHA,
RICINUS.
CHAMAESYCE,
EUPHORBIACEAE 711
Annual or biennial: stipules narrow: bracts petal-
lik 25. LEPADENA.
Perennial: stipules none: bracts not petal-like. 26. TITHYMALOPSIS,
Glands of the involucres without a -like ep panera en-
tirely naked, sometimes with crescent-like h
Stem topped by an umbél: "rb none: involücres in
open cymes, each with 4 glands and entire or toothed
lobes. 27. GALARHOEUS.
Stem not topped by an umbel: stipules gland-like
volucres in cluster-like cymes, each with a op
gland or rarely 4 glands and WR So lobes 28. POINSETTIA.
Shrubs with fleshy eactus-like branches, spine- deme" 29. EUPHORBIA.
XI PEDILANTHEAE
Fleshy plants with enel many Siem, the involucres clustered
at the ends of bra 30. PEDILANTHUS.
1. SAVIA Willd. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades thick, entire.
Flowers green, dioecious; the staminate densely clustered, with 5 broad rounded
sepals an in pet atal broadened upward:
stamens 5, exserted. Pistillate ig. soli-
tary or few together, with 5 sepals
and 5 nearly similar petals: ovary = acd:
styles 2-parted. Capsule depressed.—About
6 species, West Indian.
1. S. bahamensis Britton. Shrub or small
tree, the bark pale- gray or whitish: pri
blades typically obovate, varying to nar-
rowly obovate or oval-obovate, 2-5 cm ione.
pale-green, shining above, glabrous, "short-
d stamin da^ flower with orbicular-
e sepals abou . long and cuneate
~ y thin pee shorter than ok sepals: pistillate fower with d
orbicular pee T bd about 2 mm. long: capsule spheroidal, 5—6 m
lo seed 4— g.—(MAIDEN-BUSH. a= eA lower Florida Keys — —
(Bah.)—
2. XYLOPHYLLA L. Shrubs or small trees, with flattened leaf-like,
usually. distichous, branchlets. Leaves minute or obsolete. Flowers green,
borne clusters along the margins of
the leaf-like branchlets. Staminate flowers
mostly with 6 sepals and 3 stamens. Pistil-
late flowers mostly with 6 sepals and a
4—10 cm.
nate flower 1-1.5 mm. long: capsule 4-5
road. [X. Epiphyllanthus (Fl. Da
S.) ]—(Sworp-BusH. )— ocks, Key
—(W. I.)—This p ONE species are cultivated for ornament in
warm countries.
a
3. PHYLLANTHUS L. Herbs or partly woody plants. Leaf-blades
entire. Flowers apetalous, green or purple-tinged. Staminate flowers with 5
778 EUPHORBIACEAE
or 6 d aa usually 3 stamens. Pistillate flowers with 5 or 6 sepals and a
3-celled o Fruit eapsular.—About 60 species, mostly in tropical regions.
Calyx of de pistillate flower about as peti as that of the staminate, at anthesis,
or only slightly larger; sepals sc arcely accrescent in fruit.
Stems solitary from a slender root, sometimes branched at
e Meis I. CAROLINENSES.
Stems eral or many from a thick woody root. II. PENTAPHYLLI.
Calyx of the pistillate flower much larger than that of the
staminate, conspicuously accrescent. III. PLATYLEPIDES.
CAROLINENSES
Stem herbaceous: annual herbs.
Branches erect or ascending.
Mature Led sepals broadly linear to broadly spat-
dud calyx much wider than the capsule: seed about
JOUER: 1. P. carolinensis.
Mature pistiliate sepals broadly ovate to broadly obo-
vate c wide as the capsule or slightly wider:
eed m h less a hah 1 mm. long. 2. P. pruinosus.
Branches recurved epreadia
Staminate sepals longer than ides calyx of the pistil-
late flower not reaching the middle of the capsule, P. Niruri.
8
late flower reaching above the middie of the capsule. 4. A lathyroides.
Stem woody: short-lived shrub. 5. P. Garberi.
II. PENTAPHYLLI
Stems tufted on the root, slender-wiry: leaves numerous and
ete on the short branche es : flowers usually approxi-
6. P. pentaphyllus.
III. PLATYLEPIDES
Stems solitary or several from the thickened root: flowers few,
borne in the upper leaf-axils, rather r long-pedicelled. T. P. platylepis.
1. P. carolinensis Walt. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous: leaf-blades
a to elliptic “obovate, rather viera narrowed to the base: staminate
calyx 1.5-2 mm. wide; sepal suborbicu
Siue (e pistillate caly yx 2.5 wide; ee
ian linear to pens ED uae [cns
bout 2 mm. wide. — Woods, river-banks, and
ape various p Fla. to Tex.
Mo., and Pa.—(JF. 1.)—8Spr. —fal
2.. P. pruinosus Poepp. Plant 0.5-3.5 dm.
tall: leaf-blades cuneate to obovate, ab-
ruptly mae at the base: staminate
ealyx 1.5-2 mm. wide; er puc
mature pistillate calyx. wide;
sepals broadly o pod to "broadly “obovate:
capsule about 1.5 mm. wide. [P. saxicola
Small ]—Low paces and e
Everglade Keys, Fla. and the Florida
Keys.—(W. I.)—All year.
ruri L. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf- p ae elliptic or nearly s
rounded at the base: staminate calyx 1-1.5 mm. wide; sepals orbicular- Dat
mature pistillate oo ab wide; se pes linear to linear-ovate:
capsule de Fy a and waste-places, pen. and the
, Mes., C. A., S. A.)—All year.—Sometimes used medicinally.
4. P. lathyroides H.B.K. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf- kn thinnish, ben
to obovate, acute or obtuse at the base: staminate calyx 1 mm. wide sepals
flabellate or reniform: mature ae calyx 2 mm. a sepals ma to oval:
capsule about 2.5 mm. wide. ocks, S pen. Fla —(W . I., Mez., C.
8. A.) —All year.
EUPHORBIACEAE 779
P. Garberi Small. Plant 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades pU. D some-
times narrowly so, or linear-elliptic: staminate c s a ut 2 wide; sepals:
ovate to orbicular-ovate: mature vistillate ealyx 3 mm. de seal elliptic
to ovate: capsule 2.5-3 mm. wide. [P. pid más (Fl. SE. U. 8.) ]-—Coastal
sand-dunes, pen. Fla. and the "Keys.—All yea
6. P. pentaphyllus C. Wright. Plant 0.5—4 dm. tall: ne blades thinnish,
mainly cuneate, often inequilateral: a calyx 1.5 mm vide; sepals sub-
orbicular : mature eas calyx a about 3 mm. wide; sepals bote to elliptie:
ha
eapsule less than mm us vide. Pinelands, ‘Brerglade Keys, Fla. and lower
Florida oye AF. IL )—AW yea
y = E Sane Plant 1.5-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades obovate ie sna
abo re
obovate: staminate calyx ut 3 mm. wide; sepals elliptic to obova
Pistillate ealyx abou 6 mm. wide; b suborbieular to rhom d Oct i
abruptly pointed: capsu ule 4-5 mm. wide.—Low hammocks, Gulf Hammoe k
region, W pen. Fla.—A1l year
4. CICCA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers similar to
those of Phyllanthus, but with vertically opening anther-saes. Fruit baecate.—
About 12 species, tropical.
icha L. Shrub or small tree, the
ves various, base of th
branchlets with suborbicular to orbicular-
ovate bla se em. lon hose abov
them with larger ovate to. elliptic- Cr
at nee larger sepals suborbicul
orbicular-obovate, 1.5-2 mm. long:
2 em. bro
GOOSEBERRY. GOOSEBERRY-TREE. )— aads
and waste-places, A T. Fi. ‘aa
Florida Keys. Nat I.
(W. I.)—AM MEA Plants usually Ta an cQ
abundanee of fru These are light-green and ls They are used for
making pies, i and wine. The root and leaves are medicinal.
5. BREYNIA Forst. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades broad,
entire. Flowers solitary in the axils, or the staminate few together. Stam-
inate flower with a turbinate calyx- -tube an
anthers e vertically. Pistillate flower
with a short, broad calyx-tube and 6 very-
broad mirc te lobes: overy 3-celled: styles
very t LS s 2-lobed. Berry de-
pre a iP 15 species, natives of Asia
and Oceania.
osa (W. J. Smith) Small. Shrub
with eins and d pape stems,
the branches dark-red: es somewhat
distichously spreading ; blades oval, varying
te or obovate, green and white, varie-
780 EUPHORBIACEAE
gated with red and pink; d calyx about 3 mm. Bie the lobes shallow:
pistillate calyx 8—10 mm , the lobes reniform: capsule 9-12 mm. broad.—
(SNOWBUSH. )—Pinelands Me waste-places. ia aen ‘Keys, la.—Nat. of
South Sea Islands, and cult—(W. I.)—A11 yea ery ornamental hedge-
plant in pen. Florida. The leaves are well- bra ui mottled with white.
The flowers are mainly greenish and inconspicuous.
. DRYPETES Vahl Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or undulate-
toothed. Flowers apetalous, green or brownish. Staminate flowers in rather
dense clusters, with 4—8 sepals and 4-16 stamens. Pistillate flowers few in a
cluster, with 4—8 sepals and a 1—2-celled ovary. Fruit a berry or a drupe.—
About 10 species, West Indian and South American
Sepals 4: gynoecium 2-carpellary: drupe subglobose, less than DT E
Sepals 5: gynoecium 1-earpellary: drupe elongate, over 15 mm. . 2n
long. 2. D. diversifolia.
1. D. lateriflora (Sw.) Krug & Urban. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall,
with tuam bark: leaf- blades elliptie Or nearly so: stamens 4: drupe 9-11
mm. di re
(GUIANA- -PLUM. ) — o unos
Eds. Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.—
(W. I.)—Fall-wint.—The sap-wood is yel-
low; the dark-brown heart-wood, close-
gr aine ed, heavy, hard, but brittle, is used
in cabinet- work.
= - E Krug & Urban. cns
tree beco 12 m. tall wit milk-
white reece bak naa blades oblong
elliptic or oval: 8: dru
em. long, ripe in fall. [D. i li Erg &
Urban]—(WnurrEWwOoOD.) —Hammocks, Cape
Sable region, Fla. an Florid Key —
( )—Spr.—The sap-wood is yello
brown; ; the brown and yellow streaked heart-wood, close-grained, heavy, hard,
but brittle, i is used in cabinet-work.
7. CROTON L. Shrubs or herbs. Leaf-blades nea ie as or lobed.
Flowers mostly green, usually c or racemose. inate flower with 4-6,
usually 5, sepals, small, often rudimentary, petals ieu. with Modes and
6—many stamens, fie less. Pistillate flower with 5—10 sepals, usually no
petals and a 3-celled ovary. Fruit a eapsule.—A bout 650 species, widely dis-
tributed in warm and tropical regions.
Staminate and pistillate flowers with petals. I. ALABAMENSES.
Staminate flowers with nu i both staminate and pistil-
late flowers without
Petals present in the staminate flowers, wanting or rudi-
ntary
Plant with scaly foliage. II. ARGYXRANTHEMI.
Plant with stellate-pubescent foliage.
Pistillat 2 n mostly not accrescent : leaf-blades
jojo with blades of an ovate or elliptic type, III. FRUTICULOSI.
Le pate with blades of a linear or narrowly
elliptic type. IV. LINEARES.
Pistillate calyx mostly accrescent: leaf-blades
oothed or entire. V. GLANDULOSI.
eius wanting in both the staminate and the pistillate
ers, VI. PUNCTATI.
EUPHORBIACEAE 781
I. ALABAMENSES
Evergreen shrub, with leaf-blades fe ee es ` 1. C. alabamensis.
II. ARGYRANTH
Perennial herb, the stem often branched at the ped leaves,
beneath, and inflorescence silvery-scaly. 2. C. argyranthemus.
II. FRUTICULOSI
Shrub with slender branches: leaves with very slender .
petioles, the blades of an ovate or elliptic type. 3. C. Berlandieri.
IV. LINEARE
Leaf-blades narrowly linear, glabrate above, oeque
cent beneath. 4. C. linearis.
Leaf- blades narrowly elliptie to broadly linear, stellate E
above, white-pubescent beneath. 5. C. Fergusonii.
V. GLANDULOSI
Leaves with prominently toothed blades
Calyx, and capsule, FID TOUS or merely with few short
appressed stellate hair 6. C. floridanus.
a and E USD pub cent with long hirsute or hispid
anchin
Leaf-blades E shallowly crenate to shallowly serrate.
Se i one minutely punctate, dull: leaf-blades
1. C. arenicola.
Seed. oval or ovoid, smooth n ane leaf-
. €. glandulosus.
. C. miquelensis.
(v
^
Hn
m
ct
(D
o
A
o~“
Lar |
[t]
OR
ete
PS
un
O
rj
H
to
c
«o0
Lower ‘eaves with lanceolate, oval, or ovate blades :
sepal
s not hooded.
Petioles long: tomentum of inflorescence pur-
lish. 10. C. capitatus.
Petioles short: tomentum of inflorescence yel-
‘lowish. 11. C. Engelmannii.
Lower leaves with linear or linear-lanceolate blades:
sepals hooded. 12. C. Elliott.
p flowers early drooping from the base of the
13. C. monanthogynus.
VI. PUNCTATI
Plant perennial, more or less woody: leaves stout pe etioled. 14. C. punctatus.
Plant annual, herbaceous: leaves with slender petioles. 15. C. texensis.
1. C. alabamensis E. A. Smith. Shrub 2-3 m. tall: leaf-blades evergreen,
e to elliptic-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, green and glabrate above, elothed
ben with silvery pipiens er: scales
—2
mm, i pom scaly
without; du edd 5: rs sule euren lon
us oval, long.—River rbluffs of
sue, Tus ie and Bibb
and li
pu d. ia Plateau, Ala.—Spr.
C. argyranthemus Michx. Perennial
and 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-bl ades sone i LEI
oval, ig elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate above, X:&w
1-5 em. long, blunt, scaly or glabrate oe
clothed uu silvery seales beneath:
nate flowers often 10—15; a ual lanceolate,
sta
0; filaments swollen in the puso: or istillate flowers few; sepals partly
united, acute; capsule globular. or Meu rau about 5 mm. long: s seed less
than 5 mm. long.—Sandhills and pin elands, Coastal Plain and SW provinces,
Fla. to Tex. (N. M.?) and Ga.—Sum
782 EUPHORBIACEAE
ye a gees Torr. Shrub 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic, 2.5-
forms): pistillate flowers 2-6 at base of raceme, usually een ie.
sepals elliptic-spatulate with sessile or short-stipitate dr LS styles 3,
. high.—Sa andy
palmately 4-parted or twice 2-parted: capsule globose, 4-5 m igh.—
soil, thiekets, and waste-places, Key West, Fla. and ee arum, S. Tex
M ez.) —Spr.-fall.
4. linearis Jacq. Shrub 6-20 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 4-7 em.
Iu obtuse, dark-green and smooth above, yellowish-pubescent beneath :
emes m. lon trian uu petals spatulate, sur-
u : stam bou i 4—5
cm. long, frequently exceeded by the leaves: sepals narrow, acuminate: a
subglobose, 5 mm. high, rer Ms a dauid e: seed broadly nipti, about 3
long.—Pinelands and coastal sand-dunes, Everglade Keys, ids Florida
Keys.—(W. I.)—4A1l year.—The leaves of this species are Do pe
C. Fergusonii Small. Shrub 4-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades Psi elliptie to
broadly linear, 3-6 em. long, blunt, entire, white-pubescent ben , the upper
surface channele ae green minute ely stellate: staminate flow ed s 12-25 in
stout pud iu. racemes 3—5 cm. long: sepals oe id, acute: s spatulate,
2.0—8 . ong,
E the sepals, ciliate: stamens about 15: pistillate
flowers: about 6, in racemes 2-3 em. long: c T subglobose, aa o mm. long:
eed 3.5-4 mm. long.—Pinelands, s pen. Fla.—All yea
6. C. floridanus Ferguson. Herb 2-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of
the lower leaves e - ovate, a above elliptic to lanceolate, 1-2 cm.
long, serrate-crenate mes 2—4 em. long: staminate flowers inconspicuous;
sepals ovate or eliptic- pner pus elliptic o or eae so, narrower than the
sepals, ciliate; stamens abo ut 10: pistillate flowers solitary or several below the
dep _subt tended by deltoid bracts; sepals linear to oblanceolate or spatu-
late, aeerescent: capsule Joa -oval, ~ 4 mm. long: seed oval, about 3 mm.
long. Sand dunes, pen. Fla.—Spr. -fal
C. are a Small. Herb 1.5-4.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic-
ovate, 1-3 e on lunt, o toothed : e sepals elliptie or oval,
rl petals elliptic to oblan olate: stamens 9-12: pistillate c ers solitary
r 2— iris the E minate; ie aan ey pcr eapsule globose-oval,
21 ong: seed 3-3.5 mm. lon um elands and qu Everglade
Keys, Fla. und Florida Keys —All yea
C. glandulosus L. A tropical American species represented in ou
by the following: C. glandulosus septentrionalis n p e foliage
and serrate mainly elliptie leaf-blades, ranges in va S pro from Fla
to Tex., Ia., and Va.; C. glandulosus Simpson with poss ps foliage
and coarsely serrate- crenate ovate leaf- blades, occurs in S pen. Fla. and on the
Keys; C. glandulosus angustifolius with thin y appressed stellate. Ds and
linear Mcd serrate upper leaf-blades, seu in Fla. and Tex. —Spr.-fall or
all year S.
9. C. miquelensis Ferguson. Herb 3-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to lan
late, 2-4 em. long, acute or rcr crenate or dentate-serrate, finely pubescent
beneath, biglandular at the base, 'slender- -petioled: geen ‘sessile or ne arly
sessile, sho rt: staminate - flowers ineonspi euous; sepals e; petals po
oblong, ciliate; stamens 8-10: pistillate flowers 3 Or d. subte nded by ov
pu b lan o petals obsolete or. rudimen egies capsule is
3.54 ong: seed oval, a a mm. long, the caruncle minute. —Woods and
waste- ae W Fla. N: at. of S. A.—Spr.—fall.
Ni NN oy VSE AEE SAS A P aa
EUPHORBIACEAE 783
10. C. capitatus Michx. Herb 5-20 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those of the
e
elustered below the staminate; sepals 6-8, elliptie to oblanceolate ; ; NA 3,
2-3 times 2-cleft, 5-6 mm. long: capsule globular, 7-9 mm. lon eed sub-
orbicular, A mm. ir Hm HoawoRT. WOOLLY-CROTON.)—W aste n. vari-
ous provinces, Ga. to Tex., Ia. and S N. Y.—Spr.-fall or all year S. Intr
duced, at quen ae
11. Ka earns liu MEA 5—20 T tall: pr blades lanceolate,
those the lower leaves 10-20 em. long (white in C. Engelmannü ds e es
and Mus ovate), those of the upper much um T; ien. Or S hat a
nate, Eds erudi bas unevenly toothed, rounded or us ally cordate - the
b cemes 5-15 em. long, with yellow- tinged tomentum: staminate flowers
distinetly pole: celle ed; i se pals ovate, aeute; petals spatulat te, ciliate; stamens
9-12; filaments stellate- pond "below: pistillate flowers usually 3, short-
pedicelled ; sepals 7-8, dp pe the inner ones smaller; styles 3, twice ars.
6—10 mm. long: capsule depressed, 6-8 mm. long: s eed oval-orbieula , 4.5-5
mm. long —Dry soil, pedea Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., pet Ga.—Sum. SE il.
12. C. rim VaL Herb ded dm. tall: leaf-blades linear or linear- ed
late, 4—5 . long, shorter above, entire, usually blunt, 3-nerved at the nar
rowed Pa velvety- DM gray- -tome ntose beneath, slender-petioled: a
1-2 em. long: staminate flowers short-pedicelled; sepals 5, narrowly elliptic ;
petals linear, ciliate; stamens 8-10: pistillate flowers PE be 6—7,
unequal; styles 3, twice 2-cleft, 2-3 mm. long: capsule globose, 4—5 mm. lon ng,
sometimes surpassed by the accrescent inde SEE seed md 3—4 mm. long.
—Pinelands, Fla. to S. C.—Sum.-fall.—Rar
. ©. monanthogynus Michx. Herb 3-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades various, those
of the lower leaves suborbieular, those of the upper ovate to elliptic-ovate,
i ntire: racemes about 1
: ightl
em. long: staminate flowers short-pedicelled; sepals 3-5, ovate; petals spatu-
late, ciliate; stamens 3-10: pistillate flowers 1-4 below the staminate, nod-
Sae ng at m maturity ; sepals 5, rhea ovary 2-celled: ag evoid S oval, 3-4
e seed solitary by t abor tion of one ovule, 2.5-3.5 lon
(Puis EA, )—Limestone uterops and aie. places, various Provinces RI
Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Ia., and Ind.—( Mz.) —Sum.-fal
14. C. punctatus Jaeq. Plant partly woody, 5—12 dm. tall: leaf-blades ellip-
e d C 1-5 em. long, entire or merely undulate: D edi bise ia
arly equal; stamens normally 12, barely exserted; fila S pubescen
ode flowers solitary or : or 3 together; get elliptic. or "ements e
accrescent: VE ROM subglobose, 5-8 mm. long: seed about
eas Walt. ]—(SILV ees CROTON. BEACH-TEA.)—Sand- -dunes, "Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Sum.-fall or all
15. C. texensis (Kl) Muell Arg. Plant ebd. 4-16 dm. tall: leaf-
rl gd -lanceolate or d those of the s minate p the 2
ong, entire, roun or blun nt at tho aper: racem s few-flow
id ED us in r Bir 1-3 em. long; sepals elliptie n ovate- ‘elliptic; ;
stamens 8-12; filaments pubescent: pistillate flowers 2—4-together or solitary;
sd triangular: capsule oval or globular, 4-6 mm. long: seed orbicular, 3-5
ong.—(SKUNK-WEED.)—Dry soil, low hills and plains, various provinces,
Ala, p Ariz., Wyo., S. D., and Ill.— — (Mex x.)—Sum.—fall or all year S.
784 EUPHORBIACEAE
8. CROTONOPSIS Miehx. Annual herbs, covered, except the upper sur-
face of the leaves, with silvery appressed peltate stellate scales. Leaf-blades
entire, upper oed Il slender-rayed s tellate hairs. Flowers monoecious,
een or greenish-w Staminate flowers with 5 sepals 5 petals, and 5
stamens. Pistillate n with 3—5 nic no petals, — a l-celled. ovary.
Fruit an achene-like capsule, erect.—Two species.—RUSHFOIL
Staminate flowers with ene od than the sepa fi aments longer than the
sepals: spikes long, : fruit ellipsoid, without veins on the sides,
the scales with minücs s ringed "with irregular lax stellately spreading rays:
stellate hairs on upper surface of leaf with short rays. . C. linearis.
Staminate flowers with petals equalling the sepals damen
shorter than the sepals: spikes short, with 1 or 2 fruits: fruit
ovoid, with an evident vein on each Ede the scales S A to
re A -Spiny, the margin with relatively uniform, appressed
rays : stellate hairs on upper surface of leaf with long rays. 2. C. elliptica.
1. C. linearis Miehx. Plant 3-8 dm. tall, the scales with small disks fringed
with ular lax stellately eR oe leaf-blades narrowly elliptic,
Buceo e, or linear: spis n te,
with 3-6 fruits: staminate flower wit
or hs sepals T petals: pistillate
flower with lin r linear-lanceolate sepals;
fruit elipso jd, "25-3 mm. ipa! the stel-
late scales with blunt or spine-tipped disks;
seeds 2-2.5 mm. long or more, slightly ridged,
: , di sa Nash
Dry acid sandy soil, flat rocks, and barren
prairies, Coastal Plain and Pucca adj.
provinces, Fla. to Tex., and S. C.—Spr.—fall.
2. C. elliptica Willd. Plant 1-4 dm. tall,
the seales with large disks surrounded b
uA. enna: E osely appressed rays: leaf-
i |
or
appearing a bearing 1 or 2 Boe stami nate flower with obovate sepals
and spatulate petals: pistillate flower with ovate sepals: fruit ovoid, 2.5-3.2 mm.
long; pa e ate scales with umbonate to tuberculate-spiny disks: seed about
long, brown, smooth.—Dry sandy soil various provinces, rarely
Ca Plain, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Conn.—Sum.-fall.
9. DITAXIS Vahl. Shrubs or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate: blades
entire or rarely toothed. deii p M braeted, green. Staminate
flower wi or 5 sepals, peta
10 stamens. or sometimes ula Piece
mentary petals, and a 3-celled ovary. Cap-
ilo pfo —-About 20 species.
1. D. Blodgettii (Torr.) Pax. Plants 1-6
dm. tal: leaf-blades oval or elliptie, or
those of the lower pelis D 1.5—4 `
7-8 m id
em. long: staminate yx wide;
sepals lanceolate; petal broadly ly a llipti ie,
shorter than the sepals: mature pistillate
sepals lanceolate to ber -lanceolate, 5-6
EUPHORBIACEAE 785
m. long: capsule 4-5 mm. wide.—Pinelands and hammocks, Everglade Keys,
Fla. Florida Keys.—All year
/ 10. CAPERONIA St. Hil Herbs or partially woody plants, mostly
monoecious. Leaves alternate: blades toothed. Flowers in elongate, inter-
jaa spike-like racemes, green. Staminate
the st , a 3-celled ovary
Capsule 3-lobed, qa Seed without
a cearunele.—About 20 species, tropical
American. *
C. castanedefolia (L.) St. Hil. Plant 1
. tall or less, with spreading or decumbent
batches: leaf-blades obovate, elliptic, is
ue ie d or ovate, mostly 2-6 c
lo rather y o
. long:
petals obovate, 3-3.5 mm. long: sepals and petals of the p da:
smaller than those of the staminate: eapsule depressed, 6— eed
globose, about 3 mm. in diameter.—Wet soil, Everglades, about ‘the Everglade
Keys, pen. Fla.—(W. I.)—-All year
Herbs or parly woody mostly dioecious plants.
a
celled ovary. Stigmas pinnatifid. Caps
2-lobed.—About 7 species, natives of:
Old, W orld.—_Do@’S-MERCURIES.
1. M. annua L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf- |
blades us to lanceolate: staminate flowers
spik
in spikes which surpass the leaves: capsule
4— . brodd, hispid.—( HERB-MERCURY.)
—Waste-places, various provi ,
Nat of Eu. and Africa.—
12. ACALYPHA L. Herbs or shrubs, monoecious or sometimes dioecious,
Leaf-blades entire or toothed. Flowers green (in our species). Staminate
flower with 4 sepals and 8-16 stamens. Pistillate flower with 3-5 sepals and
a 3-celled ovary, each flower subtended by a foliaceous bract. Capsule some-
what 3-lobed.—About 250 species most abundant in subtropical and —
regions. —Spr.—fall, or all year S.—- THREE-SEEDED MERCURIES. TAR-WEED
COUPLE-CAPS.
Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same spike: capsule glabrous or pubescent.
I. CORCHORIFOLIAE.
Staminate and DE flowers in separate spikes: capsule
tuberculate-echina II. OSTRYAEFOLIAE.
50
186 EUPHORBIACEAE
I. CORCHORIFOLIAE
Plant annual.
Braets subtending the pistillate flowers with 5-7
ra rely 9, eee elliptic to lanceolate, Suis or PUDE
lobes: leav the main stem with ovate or rhombic-
ovd aac A 1. A. rhomboidea.
Bracts poe ee the pistillate flowers with 9-15 short
: obes or teeth: leaves of the main stem with mostly
ete aceon to linear blades.
Bracts of the pistillate flowers with lanceolate acute
lobes: blades of the cauline leaves oe to nar-
rowly jaucesiate tapering to a blunt tip. . A. virginica.
Bracts of the pistillate flowers with ieee ate to deltoid
lobes: blades of the cauline leaves EI Ene
o linear, obtusish ; petioles a fourt tenth a
long as the bl 2d 3. A. gracilens.
pen perennial, prostrate: stems wire-like: seeds barely 1
. long. 4. A. chamaedrifolia.
II. OSTRYAEFOLIAE
Mature pistillate D slender, interrupted, not plumose;
bracts us a olate or a scabrous lobes: cap-
sale depre
Bracts with T lobes about as long as the body:
a. about 3.5 mm. wide, echinate-tuberculate: seed
tuberc 9. A. ostryaefolia.
T with slender- un ns lobes much longer than the
ES capsule about 2.5 mm. wide, sparingly pubescent :
eed obs Scurely pitte 6. A. setosa.
Mature. pistillate spikes stou t, continuous, plumose; bracts
Me slender-caudate long-ciliate lobes: capsule globose-
oid. T. A. alopecuroidea.
1. A. rhomboidea Raf. Stem 1—7 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves ovate to
rhombic-ovate, 2-10 em. long, glabrous ex-
cept for a ' few quand seattered hairs
n diamet
Woods and | thic ckets, various provinces, Ph.
, Minn,, and Me.—Plan re-
puted ye have medicinal properties.
2. A. virginica L. Stem 2-5 dm. tall,
m.
ine: — Woods per stream- banks, various provinees, Ga. to Tex., Mo., and Mass.
3. A. gracilens A. LM C em 1-8 dm. tall, puberulent to pubescent with i
rved or ascending hairs: blades of the cauline leaves elliptic-lanceolate 7
i in A. gracilen j
eapsule about 2 mm. in diam eeds 1.5-2 long.—Dry woods, hill-
sides, sandy banks, and old fields, cn provinees, "Fla. to Tex., Mo.. Wise., and
Mass.
ÀA. E A (Lam.) Muell Arg. Stem and branches mostly pro
trate, 5—30. cm. long: blades of the upper leaves ovate to elliptic A
7-20 mm Em erenate-serrate: larger braets 4-6 mm. long, toothed: eapsule
EUPHORBIACEAE 787
nearly 2 mm. in diameter.—Pinelands and sandy places, Everglade Keys, pen.
Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.).
b. A. ostryaefolia nae Stem 3-8 dm. tall, closely fine-pubescent: leaf
e Ps 5-10 c ong, serrate: larger bracts ne x pistillate spike 4-5
ong, with janceolate lobes: P abou wide: seed broadly
oid, 2 mm. long, finely tubereulate. [4. ou Zu ie not Ell.]—
Thickets and waste- places various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and N. J.—
(W. I., Mex -:
. Rich. Stem 1 m. tall or less, usually glabrous: leaf-blades
rbicular- ovate, 3- 2 cm. long, rather finely serrate: larger braets of
n pistillate spike 3—4 mm. long, with nu cup lobes: eapsule about
2.5 mm. wide: seed. oval- "ey about 1.5 m ong, obscurely p LM
Cuba.—(W. I., C. As
waste- cee and roadsides, pen. Fla. Nat. P
S. A.)
A. alopecuroidea Jacq. Stem mostly less than 1 m. tall, often widely
PIT glandular- pubescent: leaf-blades aM ies usually broadly so, 2-8 em.
long, finely serrate: larger bracts of the pistillate spike about 8 mm. long, with
slender-eaudate long- -ciliate lobes: capsule globose-ovoid; seed fully 1 mm.
e ne T. pitted. i E and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Ala. Nat.
13. TRAGIA [Plum.] L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed,
or lobed. Flowers green or purple, on a slender rachis, racemo Staminate
flower with 3-5 sepals and 1-3, or rarely more, stamens. Pi d flower with
3-8 entire or pinnatifid sepals and a 3-celled ovary. Capsule prominently
3-lobed.—About 50 species, most abundant in tropical regions.—Spr.—
all year S.
Stem not twining: leaf-blades not conspicuously long-petioled. 1. T. linearifolia.
Leaf-blades linear, entire
Leaf-blades broader ind ‘manifestly broadest above or be-
low the middle.
Leaves with.more or less cuneately narrowed blades. 2. T. urens.
Mene ed cs ihe. lower ones, truncate or cordate at
t
Leaf-bl dde of a triangular or lanceolate type. 3. T. urticaefolia.
po blades of a suborbicular, oval, or elliptic type.
ERRAT slender-petioled, cordate or subcor-
e t the base, the teeth sha 4. T. saxicola.
i blades eae or very Sharp oka obtuse
uncate at the base, the oder rounded. 5. T. betonicaefolia.
Stem twining: Peat. blades conspicuo ously long-petioled. 6. T. macrocarpa.
T. linearifolia Ell Plant 1-5 ed tall: eai blades linear, 3—12 em. long,
m Je
undulate: staminate Ronin A mature pistillate calyx 5 mm
0m sepals linear:
ae mm. wide, hirsu Eun. Dip 5—4 n
lon [T. innocua Walt.]—Dry, 'often acid
soil ‘Coastal ‘Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S Va.
788 EUPHORBIACEAE
3. T. ipis Michx. Plant 1—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades Du nm Or
mace those of the lower leaves typically broadly lanceolate, m.
lon tami inate calyx 2.5-3 mm. wide; sepals ovate to su uborbieular: hm
pistillate i 11-12 mm. Nd sepals S capsule 7-10 mm. wide,
hirsutulous: seed 3.5—4 ong.—Dry sandy soil, e n and occa-
sionally adj. Mii cn Fla. to Tex., Ark., Tenn. and S. C. (or Va. 1)
|
|
4. T. saxicola [pm Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf-blades suborbicular to
ie oval, 1-2. e m. long, erenate-dentate, finely and sharply many-toothed:
staminate calyx 3-3.5 mm. wide; sepals 1 linea r to narrowly linear-lanceolate:
capsule 7-8 mm. wide, hirsute — Pinelands, tet dc Keys, pen. Fla. and
Florida Keys.
5. betonicaefolia Nutt. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades d er to
broadly elliptic, 2-4 cm us Dp) erenate-serrate, or somewhat lobed:
mature pistillate calyx 4. 5-5.5 mm. wide; sepals linear to linear-oblong: cap-
sule mostly 8-9 mm. wide: seed about 4 mm. long. Dun soil, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to La.
- T macrocarpa Willd. Plant with E stems: c ovate, 5—12
m. lo one coarsely ang serrate: stam e calyx about 2.5 mm. wide; sepals
eras to orbicular-ovate: mature e pistillate pes 8-0 mm. wide; sepals’ elliptic
or ovate- ag tae nere 12-16 m mm. wide, finely pubescent: seed about 5 mm.
long rocky soil and wooded bluffs, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo.,
and K
14. STILLINGIA Garden. Shrubs or herbs. Leaf-blades entire or
toothed. Flowers monoecious, apetalous, in a gre ellow, or red
y Spike.
Staminate flower with 2 or 3 sepals and 2 or 3 stamens. Pistillate flower with
3 sepals and a 2- or 3-celled ovary. Fruit a eapsule.—About 15 species, mostly
MM cea 'S-DELIGHTS. QUEEN 'S-ROOTS.
Plant herbaceo
apsu aa ies: "han 10 mm. wide: seed 4-6 mm. lon
Stem leaves with linear or Bc HS iene blades. 1. S. angustifolia.
Stem leaves m pe or EE RU blades. 2. S. spathulata.
Capsule. over 10 mm. wide: seed 7-9 m ong 3. S. sylvatica.
reticulate. 4. S. aquatica.
Spikes mainly red: glands as large as the bracts or larger:
seed finely dcus te. b. S. tenuis.
1. S., angustifolia (Torr.) S. Wats. Stem 2.5-6 dm. tall: T. s ed
or ee so, 2-5 cm. long, ps serrulate: spike 2-4 ong: cap-
sule wide.—Sand-dunes and B ne- e
S. spathulata (Muell. Arg.) Small.
Stem 3—7 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to
nd spatulate, | or ard T on the
bra s 7—15 cm. long, nulate: capsule
7-9 m wide. "Sa nd- duni per Rc bc
Coastal Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga. l yea
S. sylvatica L. Stem 4-12 dm. tall:
ally san
provinees, "Pla. o Tex., Mo., Va.—Sum HS —The root is used medicinally.
EUPHORBIACEAE 789
4, S. aquatica Chapm. Short-lived shrub with wood lighter than cork, 6-20
dm. tall, stout- stemmed : blades of the upper leaves linear to linear -elliptic ser-
rulate: spike stout, mainly yellow: capsule about 10 mm M m oc OOD. um
Ponds and wet Sud. Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and iS. C.—Spr.-
S. tenuis Small Short-lived shrub with light brittle wood, 3-12 dm. tall,
with slender stem not umbe lately branched at the top: blades of the upper
id eaves narrowly linear, crenulate Poss slender, mainly red: eapsule about 7
wide.—Everglades, Fla.—All yea
15. SEBASTIANA Muell. Arg. Shrubs or rarely herbs. Leaf-blades
entire or barely toothed. Flowers monoecious, apetalous. Staminate flower
with a calyx of 3-5 sepals and 3, or rarely 4, sta-
mens. Pistillate flower with 3 spate and a 3-celled
ovary. Fruit a dry capsule—-About 40 species, f
mostly tropical.
1. S. ligustrina (Michx.) Muell. Arg. Shrub b 1-4 m
tall: leaf-blades elliptic or oval, 3-8 em. long: spikes
Shorter than the leaves, green or a ou capsule
^ nnd nearly 1 cm. broad: seed ir A. about
ng.—(SEBASTIAN-BUSH wamps, stream-
banks: e a. ‘Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., and N. C.—Spr.—sum.
. TRIADICA Lour. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire, usually
broad. Flowers monoecious, in dense so panicles, apetalous. Staminate
flower with 2 or rarely 3 sepals and 3 stamens. Pis-
tillate flower with 2 or 3 sepals and a 3- sens ovary. N
Fruit a fleshy capsule.—Few species, of. tropical Asia.
T. sebifera (L.) Small. Tree resembling a pop-
bie, unat m
1.5 em oad: 8-9 mm. long. oie sebi-
ferum my Roxb. pus mde TALLOW-TREE.)—Ham- (])
mocks and bow Coastal o Fla. to La. and
C.—Nat. of E Asia and cult.—Spr.
17. SAPIUM P. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or Reid
toothed. Flowers monoecious, in narrow spike-like panicles, apetalous. Stam
nate flower with 2 or 3 sepals and 2 stamens. Pistil-
1. S. glandulosum (L.) Morong. Small tre
shrub, resembling a willow: io pup e “elliptic
16 cm. lo
to narrowly elliptic, acute, 8— ong, serrulate,
short-petioled: spikes g var or “yellowish: "3 s
about 1 cm. bro long.— (MILK-
ad: seed
a pnr E and icem MA E Fla. Nat. of
S. A.—Spr.
790 EUPHORBIACEAE
18. GYMNANTHES Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or toothed.
Flowers monoecious or rarely aa oe Staminate flower with a
rudimentary or obsolete calyx and or A
stamens. Pistilate flower with a ru S
mentary calyx and a 3-eelled ovary. Fruit "4
capsule.—About 12 species, American.
1. G. lucida Sw. Shrub, or tree ione
10 m. tall: leaf-
spatulate, or nearly elliptic, 4-10 cm. long,
undulate or obseurely to othed near the apex,
-8 mm. long.—(CraBwoop.)—Hammocks,
Fla. and ida
ys—(W. I.)—Spr.—The sap-wood is
p
bright- yellow: the dark-brown and yellow
streaked fae -wood, close-grained, heavy, and hard, is used in cabinet work.
19. HIPPOMANE L. Trees. Leaf-blades entire or toothed, pinnately
veined. Flowers on a e rachis, nu a E pes Staminate flower
with 2 or 3 sepals and 2 or 3 mens.
gee flower with 3 sepals us 6-8
led ovary. Fruit a drupe, with a nes
CAEN stone imbedded in the pulp.
1 inella L. Tree E os 18 m.
tall: deat ade. ovate, elliptic, or oval, 4-
0 ] d
1 ong: spikes 4-8 em. long: drupe
ne imd em. broad.—(MANCHI-
NEEL.)—-Hammocks, Everglade Keys and
Cape Sable ca. pen. Fla. and aud
Keys.—(7 eT., ; s. 4.)—
milky sap is a Adr irritant, S
0 The ye t- :
brown, the dark. oo n wood is close-grained, but light and sott
20. BIVONEA Raf. Herbs or shrubs, often bristly-stinging. Leaf-
blades entire, lobed, or divided. Flowers in forked cymes, white. Staminate
flower with a corolla-like 5-lobed calyx and
10-30 Pen Pistillate flower with a
usually 3-celled ovary. Fruit a somewhat 3-
lobed capsule. [Cnidoscolus Pohl.]—About
20 species, mostly in tropical America.
1. B. stimulosa Cosa) Plant 1-12
dm. tall: leaf-blades broad,
coarsely or finely du Som s calyx
with a rape tube, and lobes about equal
in length: capsule 10-16 em. long, bristly.
[Jatropha o Michx. ]-— ( SPURGE-
NG TREA
f
woods, sandy gs pinelands, N
sand-dunes, Coast tal Plain ənd adj. pro "
inces, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—Spr.—fall or all year S.
EUPHORBIACEAE 791
ADENOROPIUM Pohl. Partly woody plants or herbs. Leaf-blades
aed or lobed. Flowers monoecious, petaliferous, gee red or. purple.
Staminate flower with 5 sepals, 5 small petals, and 8-10 stamens. Done.
flower with a mainly 2~3-celled ovary. Fruit a capsule. UU atropha L. in part.]
—About 85 species, mainly tropical. All year.
Leaf-blades 3-5-lobed ; lobes toothed, glandular-ciliate : inflorescence pubescen
1. A. Ps um:
Leaf-blades 9-11-lobed; lobes entire or incised, eciliate: in-
florescence glabrous. 2. A. multifidum.
1. A. gossypiifolium (L.) Pohl. Shrub 5-11 dm. tall: leaf- blades palmately
3—5-lobed, 8-15 em. wide, the lobes broad, shallowly toothed and glandular-
b ]
joue 5d
2, A. multifidum (L.) Pohl. Shrub 9-20 SU
dm. tall: leaf-blades palmately 9—11-lobed,
he lobes
mostly 10-20 em. wide, t narrow,
entire or incised, n iliate: cymules
corymbose: petals thrice as lon
—
©
B
=
iq?)
Là
oo
C
EE
o
B
i
:
E
BB
[er
A
Ej
b
* (e
lar}
(3
m
£2
Qu
Oo
m
(D
ed
V
Hj
[oe
d
oth: s
agar ds and cult.—This RUN mus its relatives, has been used in b
A medicine and also as a hedge-plant. It is known as PHYSIC-NUT or CORAL-
LANT
22, JATROPHA L. Shrubs or herbs. Leaf-blades entire, or palmately
lobed or parted. Flowers monoecious, apetalous. Staminate flower wit
a 8 or 1 men istillate
capsule. [Manihot Adans.]—About 80 spe-
cies, South American.
. Manihot L. Plants 9-16 dm. tall,
sules ings. :
Manihot OL. ) Karst.]—(Cassava.)—Road-
sides, cult. grounds, and pinelands, Ever-
glade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys. Nat. of
S. A. and eult—(W. I.)—The large root
yields starch in the form of cassava-meal
and tapio It contains a poison, however, which must be dissolved out before
these prods are edible.
23. RICINUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades peltate,
palmately lobed. Flowers monoecious, apetalous. Staminate flower with 3-5
792 EUPHORBIACEAE
sepals and numerous stamens, mainly yellow,
Pistillate flower with caducous sepals and a
3-celled ovary, green. Fruit a capsule.—
One species.
1. R. communis L. Small tree or pn
1-5 m. tall, the stem widely bran ehed, or
annual h rb n orthward: leaf-blades i
ule 12- i
E U.
cult, ( Widely dist )—Su um.—fall or all d
e seeds yield the castor oil of c
24. CHAMAESYCE S. F. Gray. Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs.
Leaves opposite: blades oblique at the base. Involucres axillary or in axillary
cymes, each with 4 naked or appendaged glands, one sinus bein ing glandless.
Capsule smooth, sometimes pubescent. Seed smooth or Mam d -wrinkled.—
About 225 species, widely distributed.—SPURGES. EUPHORBI S.—The flower-
like involueres have appendages to the marginal glands, either green tinged
with red, red, greenish-white or white. Some of the species have reputed
medicinal properties.
Leaf-blades entir
lant with prostrate stems and branches,
Leaves succulent: seed not angled, sometimes terete or nearly so.
I, POLYGONIFOLIAE,
n herbaceous or chartaceous: seed sharply
II. CORDIFOLIAE.
Plant ith erect or ascendi ing stems and branches. III. BUXIFOLIAE.
Hd ERU Sometimes only at the apex.
e glabr
Pla nt with prostrate stems and branches II. CORDIFOLIAE.
Plant wit ect or ascending stems ind branches. IV. HYSSOPIFOLIAE.
Capsule pubes Con E
Involucres axillary to the leaves or leaf-like bracts.
or branches, erect. V. TRACYANAE.
tem, or branches, prostrate. VI. MACULATAE.
Involucres in peduncled clusters. VII HIRTAE.
. POLYGONIFOLIAE
Seed 1.5 mm. more, somewhat 3-side
d.
Xie EE 3. sided, covered with a silvery-gray bloom,
ually 1. C. polygonifolia.
Seed . equ ually 3- sided: povened with a whitish or speckled
loom, Ca abou t 1.5 mm. long. 2. C. Ingallsii.
Seed less than 1.5 mm. long, nearly terete. 3. C. cumulicola.
II. ConDiFOLIAE
Capsule, and ovary, glabro
Leaf- oe at ee those of the stem or main branches,
us ed Po r than wide, mainly elliptic to nar-
Ínvotüere. "ao ut 1. 5 mm. long, broadly campanulate:
leaf-blades thick zn parchment-like. 4. C. Chiogenes.
Mone about 1 sone: narrowly campanulate:
eaf-blades thin- BEES 5. C. Blodgettii.
Leaf blades eee ovate to. orbic
endag f the involucre- Mare minute or obsolete, 6. C. serpens.
ABUSE. of the involucre-glands petal-like.
EUPHORBIACEAE
Ultimate divisions of the inflorescence open, long-
ran
Ultimate divisions of the inflorescence compara-
ively dense, Pacemedike clusters.
Capsule, and ony pubesc cent. ;
Stem, rrr and iue permanently and usually
co oo Subescon
Plant Sit 2 RE or wiry branches, not forming
ae
Foliage ünely hirsute.
Leaves of the “branchlets much dd 2 size,
ron ded: capsule with many long
Leaves of the branchlets not much reduced in
pees e, not cro owded: capsule with few short
Foliage a ei nt.
Plant 1 many very slender, usually filiform
As n at forming dense mats appressed to the
Branches strigillose : leaf-blades much longer than
Branches oo hirsutulous: leaf-blades nearly or
quite as wide as lon
than 4 mm, Ione), pr wide as long or nearly so.
Eon BUXIFOLIAE
Stem, und and leaves
Twigs and leaves Suecus. beni ch plant.
Twiss and leaves not succ culent : pineland plants.
Leaf-blades very broad: sparingly Decne:
Leaf- Rr rather pus ten mn uch-branched and
br
Stem, branches, and leaves pubesce
Single-stemmed woody plants, S nietos branched near
the ba ES e: stem and leaves finely, usually sparingly
canesce
Leaf blades ' relatively smal (on the main stem less
than 4 mm. long), as wide as long or nearly SO.
p relatively Jarge (on the a stem over
5 mm. long), twice as long as wi
Many- Se euied ia cespitose plant: Siem and leaves
villous-hirsute.
HYSSOPIFOLIAE
IV.
a es in dense axillary cymes, the cymes rarely
ran
Involucres in loose cymes, rarely also with some ges the
cymes much-branched.
V. 'TRACYAN
Stem usually branched at the base and e P branches
and branchlets very leafy.
VI. MACULATAE
Glands of the involucre with inconspicuous appendages.
Capsule pubescent along the angles.
Capsule RE ent all over, but often mainly so, below
Leaf) blades ein s long as wide or less.
.Involuere not cleft on one side: seed sharply 4-
se ae C faces with 3 or 4 prominent trans-
rse ri
Involuere deeply cleft on one side: seed bluntly
ee ed, the faces minutely roughened or nearly
Leaf- Biages thrice as long as wide.
Glands of the oe at least two of diem with petal-
like appendag
Branches dense] and copiously floriferous, the involucres
crowded: leaves of the flowering branches much re-
duced in size, of a different shape from those of the
stem, and usually acuminate
Branches not densely or copiously flowered, the involucres
not approximate: leaves of the flowering branches
much reduced in e e, but not changed in shape,
rounded at the apex.
1. C. cordifolia,
Ta. C. Nashii.
8.
9.
10.
11.
C. brachypoda.
. Mosieri.
C. Garberi.
C. Serpyllum.
12. C. adhaerens.
21.
at Ze
to
DR
28.
. C. deltoidea.
. CO. buxifolia.
C. Porteriana.
C. scoparia.
C. adicioides.
Q :
keyensis.
C. pinetorum.
. €. hypericifolia.
C. hyssopifolia.
C. Tracyi.
. C. prostrata.
C. maculata.
. C. humistrata.
C. Mathewsii.
C. conferta.
C. adenoptera.
794 EUPHORBIACEAE
VII. HinRTAE
Plant erect: heads of involucres axillary, never terminal .
only, but rarely subtended by 2 or more leaf-like peg 29. C. hirta.
Plant prostrate: heads of involucres termin al, ad terminating
branches and subtended by 2 leaf-like bract 30. C. gemella.
1. ©. polygonifolia e ) m 0: s. s narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceo-
late, fleshy: involucre betw m. long: capsule globose-ovoid:
seed ellipsoid-ovoid, mod. o m
lo (SEASIDE-SPURGE.) — Coastal wand-
dunes, Coastal Plain, and New England
Coast, Fla. to N. S.; also Great Lake Low-
land, N. Y. to Wis.—Sum.-fall.
ngallsii Small. Leaf-blades elliptic
to ovate- ipte fleshy: involuere between 1
and 1.5 lo
eapsu ressed: seed
pos. ovoid e or globose-ovoid, usually less
tha g.—Coastal sand-dunes, Fla.
: C. cumulicola Small Branches pros-
rate, string-like, zigzag, glabrous; leaf-
blades elliptie to elliptic- ovate, veinless: in-
volucre campanulate, about 1 mm. long, gla
brous; appendages whitish and narrower than the glands or obsolete: capsule
about 2 mm. broad, glabrous: seed 1-1.3 mm. long, nearly terete, smooth.—
AND- iu NE SPURGE. ) Sand. dunes and serub, ONDE Romano region and lower
eastern coast, Fla.—All yea
4. C. Chio ogenes Small. Leaf-blades map io or EU sometimes the
lower ones suborbieular: involucres abou . long; appendages od
smaller than the glands: capsule abou br oad: seed about 1
long, angled, the faces uneven. Pinelands, prn er "Florida Keys.—All m
9. C. Blodgettii (Engelm.) Small. Branches glabrous or nearly so: leaf-
blades piod ovate, elliptie, or spatulate e: involueres about 1 mm. long, gla-
brous: gland-a appendages white or pinkish, commonly slightly larger than the
glands: capsule fully 1.5 mm. broad, glabrous: seed abou . long.—Coastal
sand-dunes and low Pad. S pen. Fla. and the Keys. in E? )
Serpens Seaman Small. Branches S leaf-blades orbieular,
Da -ovate, or involueres barely 1 . long; appendages anri
smaller than the us capsule between 1 in 2 mm. broad: seed bar ely 1
mm. long, our ded angled.—Sandy woods, plains, and tablelands, various
Tex —fall,
provinces, Fla. to , N. M., Ia., and Ill—(W. I.)—Spr
7. C. cordifolia (EIL) Small. Branches glabrous: leaf- blades broadly elliptic
to ovate, or sometimes broadest below the middle: ean fully 1 mm. long;
appendages mostly much larger than ba green glands: capsule between 2 and
3 mm. broad, glabrous: seed fully 1 long, gray, obscurely angled.—Sandy
hammocks and sandhills, Coastal Plain, "Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—Spr.—fall.
7a. C. Nashii Small. Branches glabrous: leaf-blades broadly elliptie to ovate:
involueres nearly 1.5 mm. long; appendages narrow, delieate, white or greenish:
seed sha Mes transv dus -wrinkled — Coastal sands and pinelands, pen. Fla. and
Florida Keys.—All yea
8. achypoda Small. Branches hirsute or villous-hirsute, with many short
dde leaf-blades elliptie to ovate, hirsute: involueres fully 1 mm. long;
EUPHORBIACEAE 795
xou i Wr herd than the red Peai or minute or obsolete: capsule
abou , pubescen eed 1 . long, brown, obscurely angled.—
Pinelands, ‘Ererglade Keys, Fla. —All a
i Small. Branches prostrate, wiry, dark, villous-hirsutulous: leaf-
blades orbieular reniform to ovate, 4— . lon E lo d m cent, acute or
aeutish: involucres campanulate, about 1 mm. long, pubes appendages re
Or do some of them larger than the Hd Bc. pos sometimes
lobed: el globose-ovoid, about 1.5 mm. broad, sparingly pubescent: seed
ovoid, about 1 mm. long, the faces pence smooth. —Pinelands, Everglade Keys,
S pen. Fla.—All year.
10. Garberi eie Branches canescent: leaf-blades ovate or oval: in-
volucres s . lo Er appen x minute, or obsolete: eapsule fully 1.5
on ]
Keys. Adv. at Mobile, Ala.—All
= C. Serpyllum Small. Branches A -canescent, filiform, = nu
: leaf-blades deltoid or ovate-deltoid to triangular or tr span due see p
mm. long, obtuse: involucres about 1 mm. long; appendages very m cap-
sule about 1.5 mm. broad, pubescent: seed less ~ 1 mm. long, vellowish or
grayish ee lower Florida Keys.—All yea
C. adhaerens Small. Branches very numerous, forming closely prostrate
mats, fee villous- ke agers o hu equi s to orbieular-
ovate, or reniform-ovate, 2-3.5 mm. long, ed at t av eX, minutely pale-
pubescent: E A Ta pest ar hea uh en out 1 mm. lon mg;
appendages sie pale margins to the glands or obsolete: EN ule fully 5 m.
broad, pubescent: seed ovoid, about l mm. long, the faces slightly eq
Pinelands, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla.—All yea
13. C.deltoidea (Engelm.) Small. Branches glabrous, closely appressed to the
ground: leaf-blades deltoid-ovate or reniform, ay minutely pubescent when
young: involucres less than 1 mm. long, gla abrou : glands yellow; appendages
obsolete: capsule about 2 mm. broad, glabrous or sometimes sparingly pubes-
cent: seed less E 1 mm. long, even, yellowish.—Pinelands, Everglade Keys,
pen. Fla.—All yea
C. buxifolia (Lam.) Small. Branches, like the stem woody, 1 m. tall or
ae Va ced often purple, B long or short internodes: leaf- ar Dd to
broadly n pd or euneate near the base of the stem m, rather fles 8—
long, obtu aes h, involute, rounded or subcordate, nearly p.
lueres e Bu ia abou t 1.5 mm. high, as long as the peduncles or shorter:
glands tuc elliptie, 0.5 mm. broad: appendages whitish: capsule 2.5—3
mm. broad, glabrous.— Coastal sand-dunes and rocks along shores, S pen. Fla.
and the Keys.—(W. I.)
ped
zu
o B
15. C. Porteriana Sas pea glabrous: leaf-blades ovate, or ova
volueres about 1 mm. long, glabro d aee de dig h, fully as pn
as the glands, or SUEDE n3 eapsule abou broad, glabrous:
seed about 1 mm. long, markedly angled. Ed Everglade Keys, pen.
Fla.—All year.
16. C. scoparia Small. s E ous pale: leaf-blades narrowly elliptie
to narrowly ovate, 2-8 mm Or oe , pale or glaucescent
beneath: involueres about 1.5 mm. ee ay 2 : gland- eee white or
pink, 2 o em prominent and 2 partly De capsule 1.5-2 . broad,
glabrous: d i ut 1 mm. long, grayish, scabrous. “Pinelands, ne Florida
Keys.—All year. = —
796 EUPHORBIACEAE
17. C. adicioides Small. Shrub mostly less than 0.5 m. tall, finely pubescent
with pale hairs, rather sd caer A ee above, zigzag: leaves numerous;
blades ovate to oval, 2-3 mm. long, acute or acutish, entire, short-petioled:
involucres campanulate, barely ii mm. high, longer than ‘the peduncles, minutely
t, decidu eal glands about 0.4 mm. broad: appe Sp obsolete: cap-
sule pubescent, less than 1 mm. long. "Sandy shores and hammocks, Florida
Keys s.—All year
eyensis Sm Branches erect or nearly so, finely pale-pubescent:
leaf blades ud to elliptie, oval, or te, 3- g involueres
turbinate, & little over ] nely pubescent oues s white or
ish, abou is as t glands capsule abou road, ae er seed
cent : iau fu 1 mm. lus pubescent glands green; appen aig very
narrow, even-edged: capsule fully 2 mm. broad, pubescent: "ecd l mm. long
a alae wrinkled, yellowish S Everglade Keys, pen. Fla —All
yea
20. C. hypericifolia (L.) Small. Branches glabrous or nearly so, the ultimate
ones slender: leaf-bla e mainly elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate, unequally
an. usually nearly straight: involucres 1 mm. long or more: pni appen-
dages obovate to rms rather conspicuous: capsule fu 2 wide,
glabrous: seed brown or reddish- -brown, about 1 mm. long. —Pinclands, pes
places, and roadsides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S.
C. hyssopifolia (L.) Small Branches glabrous: leaf-blades elliptic,
d B elliptic- d or sometimes linear-lanceolate, cod zs e
curved or even faleate, mostly T 3 em. long, usually toothed: iiie 1.5
mm. long, g m few 1 (or in termin al cymes; appendag v suborbiculez
or reniform, unequal: eapsule 1.5-2 mm. wide, glabrous: E i , bro or
black, about 1 mm. long. [Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam. E. nu ae
Presli Guss.]—(EvE-BANE.) —Hammocks, dero fields, pi waste- -places,
nearly throughout U. S. and S Can.—(W. I., , C. A., 8. 4.) —Sum. or all
year S.
C. Tracyi Small. Branches thinly i E Jeaf-blades Er to slightly
oe above the middle: involueres fully . long, spar pubescent :
gland-appendages minute, unequal and E eile ed mm. broad,
slightly pubescent all over: seed less than 1 mm. long.—Sand-dunes and pine-
lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Sum. or all year $8.
23. C. prostrata diri poe Branches pubescent: leaf-blades oval, Dou
Or uL. involue . long o bien usually sparingly pubescent: appen
dages very aoa prs aP ‘about 2 mm. broad, pubescent about the an zem
seed M mm. long or less.—Sandy oil Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—All y
C. humistrata (Engelm.) Small Branches dre sant or finely pubescent:
pen blades ovate- -elliptic or sometimes narrower: involueres about 1 mm. long,
pubescent : dis ages white or red, commonly narrower mun the glands: cap-
sule about 1.5 mm. broad, pubescent: seed about 1 mm. lon —Dry or sandy
and
p various D n W of Blue Ridge, Ala. to Tex., Nebr., Minn., Que.,
N. Y. —Spr.—fall.
C. maculata (L.) Sm Branches like the stem puberulent or p
rn blades elliptie or ps ‘elliptic 8-12 mm. long: involueres mostly 1
EUPHORBIACEAE 797
D n 15 mm. wide, pu ent: seed n nearly 1 . long, black b cod “the
pale posted On ILK-PUR iu )—Roadsides, E pue waste Da and
irc along d various provinces, nearly throughout U. SB.
fall or all yea
26. C. Mathewsii Small. Br — € prostrate, copiously loosely pubescent:
leaf-blades broadly linear-elliptic to vm de , 1-1.5 em. long, with à black-purple
blotch o and scattered hairs beneath: i onc. campanulate, slightly over
appendages pale, very narrow, is ual, uneven: eapsule about 1.5
. broad, pubescent: seed less than 1 mm. long. dccus. beaches, opposite
Miami, Fla.— All y
27. QC. n Small. Branches villous: leaf-blades ie ay to ovate: invo-
ded: L5- 2 mm. long, villous; gland-appendages red or magenta, 2 of them
pet pared meh ‘larger than the othe rs, toothed: capsule less than 1.5 mm.
broad, m pubescent: seed less than : mm. long, coarsely wrinkled.—Pine-
lands, Rverglade Keys, pen. Fla.—All yea
C. adenoptera (Bertol) Small. Branches elosely villous: leaf-blades
elliptic or ovate-elliptic: involucres 1-1.5 mm. long, finely pubescent; gland-
appendages white = T petaloid, 2 of d much larger than the glands:
capsule about 1.5 m road, p densely pecan’: seed about 1 mm. long, finely
wrinkled. Sud S Fla. —Sp
C. hirta (L.) Millsp. E closely pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to
enc -lanceolate, or somewhat t a pecu often prominently blotched: invo-
lueres mostly in axillary clusters, 1 mm. long or less, minutely pubescent; gland-
Rea ia bu HR A LP ule fully 1 mm. broad, finely pubescent:
seed abou [C. pilulifera E Suiail] Hammocks, roadsides, an
cult. ee “Coastal 5 Plain, Fla. io "Tex —(W. I., . €. A., S. A.) —All year.
. 80. C. gemella (Lag.) Small. Similar to C. hirta but smaller, and with more
closely prostrate branches: leaf-blades elliptic to e lanceolate, mostly
evenly green: involucres mostly in terminal clusters, a . long, finely .
pubescent: gland-appendages white, narrower than ie onda: capsule fully
long. }
LC.
procumbens (Boiss.) Small j— DF eult. grounds, roadsides, and pu ste-
places, pen. Fla. Ed the Keys.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) —AM y
EPADENA Raf. Annual or biennial herbs, often topped by an
abel- Leaf-blades entire. Involueres in rather dense cymes, each with 5 con-
MEA pides glands. Capsule pu-
escent. Seed led or tuberculate.
e ichrophyllum EL & Gareke.]—About 4
species, North American.—EUPHORBIAS.— *
URGES
1. L. marginata eder Nieuwl Plant 3-
11 p tall: blades of the upper leaves
obovate to ovate, likes the bracts white-
margined and conspicuous: involucre-glands
with white appendages: capsule strigillose:
seed 3-4 m
—(SNOW-ON-THE-MOUNTAIN. )—Dry soil and
waste-places, various pe Ga. to N. C. T
and W; native from Tex. t M., nt., í
and Minn.—Spr.-fall b Pus ‘cultivated a iie Bun effect of the
massed doliage which suggested the popular na
798 EUPHORBIACEAE
26. TITHYMALOPSIS Kl. & Garcke. Perennial, mostly glabrous herbs
often topped by an umbel. Leaf-blades entire. Involucres scattered or some-
what clustered in an umbel-like N ORA eaeh with d M Lal
Capsule smooth. eed punctate. bou species, Nor can.—
EUPHORBIAS.—Some of the species, T. corollata and T. I NM are used
medicinally.
I
ie e)
Leaves exceedingly numerous, approximate or imbricate. 1. T. polyphylla.
Leaves less numerous, never imbricate.
Bun e or prostrate: leaf-blades Dru 2. T. Ipe annee
ranches erect or ascending: leaf-blades thin 3. T. graci
Glands of the involucre with conspicuous pu ap-
4. T. eriogonoides.
T vi ees aa to scales: Draci Holiaceous. 9. T. mercurialina.
Stem-leaves with normally expanded blade
Inflo RET of scattered long- -Dedüncled invo-
Involucres 2-4 mm. across the appenda
em-leaves with linear blades, fugacious. 6. T. Curtisii.
Stem-leaves with elliptic or lanceolate
blades, persistent. T. T. ex
Involucres 6-1 mm. across the appendages. 8. T.z a
Inflorescence S into terminal cymes or
cymose cluster
Mo blades ,manifestiy petioled, the petioles
ver 2 m lon 9. T. apocynifolia.
Leaf-blades e ‘or nearly so, the petioles, if
esent, less than 1 mm. lon
Involuer res 3.0 mm. across the ‘appendages
narrow 10. T. discoidalis.
E accom mm. across the app endages.
A ppengases about as long as the invo-
lu 11. T. olivacea.
Appendages much longer than the in-
Mee longer than wide: leaf-
. blades cu ca 12. T. corollata.
Appendages lon
wider: leaf-blades relatively Broad. 18. T. paniculata.
T. polyphylla (Engelm.) Small. Plant 0.5-2.5 dm tall, the stems T
e tuf jn d leafy: leaf- wc linear or linear- -spatulate, 0-10 m
: nd-
K
. bro
out 2.5 ed long, white A Pinelands, i
Fla.—A]l year
T. Ipecacuanhae (L.) Small. Plant
ry acid sand, e
vegetation is too sparse to carry fire, Coastal
Plain and occasionally adj. provin uem Fla.
to Tenn, Ind., and Conn cn —fal
EUPHORBIACEAE 799
3. T. gracilis (Ell) Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the stems very slender, spar-
ingly leafy: leaf-blades suborbicular to ovate or PEUX or rarely broader than
long: involucres about 2 mm. long; appendages of the glands narrow: ca Menos
3—4 mm. broad: seed 2.5 mm. long.—Pinelands Lo sandhills, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to S. C.—All year.
eriogonoides Small Plant 1-3 dmi. n the e diffusely kei
leaf. “blades linear to linear-spatulate, 0.5-1.5 e ee nvolucres about 1 m
long; appendages reniform to suborbicular, avout hie - pee ca
4 mm. broad: seed about 2.5 mm. long. e iaclonds and a, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-f A
5. T. mercurialina (Michx.) Small. Plant 1-4 jos tall, often with several
stems together: braets oval, es ica or oblong-ovate, 2-9 om. lon ng: invo-
lucres 2 mm. long; appendages white, mostly narrower than the glands, ‘aaa
late: capsule 5-6 mm. broad: seeds 2. qe m. long, tubereulate.—Rocky woods,
Coastal Plain and A balschinn provinces, Fia. to Ala., Tenn., and Ga. a a
sum
T. Curtisii D Small. Plant 1-5 dm. ien the branches green: leaf-
blades linear, 1.5-4 em. long: involueres 1-1.5 mm. long: appen e ages white,
din iform p foret a as wide as the EE or wider: capsule 4—
: seed about 2 mm. long. Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Spr.-f
exserta Small. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, pad Kien. md or purple: leaf-
blades dr p to lanceolate, 2—6 e m. long: in abou . long; appen-
dages white, cage orm, about as Bong as the Monde or 2 ue nuin long-
exserted, 4-5 mm. broad: seed 3-3.5 mm. long.—Pinelands or coastal sands,
Fla —All i.
8. T. yere d Plant 3-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades p deri to
nearly linear, 2-5 em. long, sessile or nearly so: involueres few, abou
long ; appendage white or pink, suborbicular or 4-sided: capsule Aen 4. 5-5
m. broad: seed about 2.5 mm. long.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ala.
a p apocynifotia Small. Plant 2-7 dm. tall: nl EL. is oval, 2—7
ong, manifestly pet yon involueres numerou ong; appen-
ee akite. orbicular to cuneate, or sometimes T a oe a om
broad: seed. 2.5 mm. long.—Sandy soil, " Coastal Plain, Fla. io Miss. and N. C
Sum.-fall.
10. T. discoidalis (Chapm.) Small. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear,
2—6 cm. long, sessile: involueres numerous, fully 1 mm. long; appendages white,
aea to ovate or 4-sided: capsule exserted, about 3 mm. broad: seed about
m. long.—Pinelands, W Fla —Sum.- fall.
obovate- -elliptie, or cuneate, 1-3 ¢ ng: involucres numero
e ages white, ren niform to ere or cuneate: capsule eee exerted ae
im. broad: seed 2.5 mm. long.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Mis
11. T. olivacea Small. Plant olive-green, 2-7 dm . tall: ie pars) elliptie,
m. lon m. long;
Sum fal
12. T. corollata (L.) Sm Plant pcs green, a dm. tall: leaf-blades
linear, Pages or D b 2—4 em. long: nvolueres numerous, con-
.Spicuo 1-1.5 mm. long; ipe d white moii cuneate or orbicular-
ipn i eed. 3.5-4.5 mm. broad: seed 2.5 mm. long.—(FLOWERING-
SPURGE RAMP 'S-SPURGE. S- Woods, du thickets, and roadsides, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and Mass.—Sum
800 EUPHORBIACEAE
T. paniculata ee pir - Plant deep-green, 3-9 dm. tall: psg blades
elliptis to oval, 2- . long: involueres are few, about 1.5 mm. long:
appends ages white, suborbicular, a at reniform, or somewhat 4- sided: cap-
sule 3—3.5 mm. broad: seed 2.5 mm. long. Sandy or rocky woods, Coastal Plain
and adj. a Ga. and Ala. to N. C.—Spr.—fall.
27. GALARHOEUS Haw. Annual or perennial herbs or partially woody
plants, the stem topped by an umbel. Leaf-blades entire or wi toothed.
Stipules ‘wanting. Involueres in open or compact cymes, each with 4 naked or
appendaged glands. Capsule smooth or tuberculate. ‘seed ST grooved,
reticulate, or smooth. [Tithymalus (Fl. SE. U. 8.)]—About 250 species,
widely distributed.—Sum.—SPURGES. EUPHORBIAS.
Leaf-blades entire.
Leaves of the stem mainly opposite and decussate: capsule 1.5 mm. wide or more.
I. LATHYRI.
Leaves of the stem alternate or scattered: capsule 1 cm.
wide or less.
Braets or leaves of the HE ence a UCHOS (rays)
opposite: rays simple or dichotomou
Stem topped by a repeatedly forked "o EIE II. PEPLI.
ees topped by an umbel-like simple or sparingly
orked E III. CYPARISSIAE,
Bra a or leaves of the inflorescence-branches (rays)
As rnate: rays trichotomous. IV. TRICHOTOMI.
Leaf-blades gertuia te. V. OBTUSATI
I. LATHYRI
Annual or biennial coarse plant: leaf-blades entire: glands
of the involucre crescent- shaped. 1. G. Lathyrus.
II. PLI
Glands of the involucre without horndike p
Glands with erose-crumpled edge 2. G. floridanus.
Glands entire or merely undula Bee
Bracts of the rays longer than broad.
Stem-leaves with narrowly oblanccdinte to linear
blades. 3. G.inundatus.
Stem-leaves with obovate, spatulate, or oblanceo-
us e blades. 4, G. telephioides.
Braets of the rays fully as broad as lon 5. G. Darlingtonii.
Glands of the involucre luńate or aeea a d by horn-
e processes.
vate-reniform or reniform: seeds pitted. 6. G. commutatus.
Stem -1eaves with linear blades: bracts deltoid: seeds
reticulate. 7T. Œ. austrinus.
Surfaces of the seeds longitudinally grooved or with large
pits in en rows: capsule with prominently
keeled lobes 8. G. Peplus.
III. CYPARISSIAE
Plants growing in dense colonies, the stems with numerous
very narrow leaves, topped by a many-rayed umbel. 9. G. Cyparissias.
IV. TRICHOTOMI
Fleshy plant with few or many stems or ugs 10. G. trichotomus.
V. OBTUSATI
Capsule smooth. 11. G. Helioscopia.
Capsule warty.
Lea Due U rounded at the tip, glabrous; seed retic-
Blades of the cauline leaves with cordate or truncate
blades, more or less auricled: glands of the invo-
luere sta 12. G. obtusatus.
Blades of the, cauline leaves narrowed to the base, not
auricled : glands of the involucre sessile. 13. G. arkansanus.
Leaves acute, A rei beneath; seed smooth. 14. G. platyphylla.
EUPHORBIACEAE 801
1. G. Lathyrus (L.) Haw. Stem Fey dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3.5—12 cm. long: bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate:
involueres 4-5 mm. long; lobes triangular,
wr R-S
MYRTLE-SPURGE. )-— Roadsides, cult. grounds,
and Wyo cat various provinces, N. C. to
hes ., W. Va., and Conn. Nat. of Ev.—Spr.—
— Used r medicinally. The seeds yield an
oil similar to castor
2, G. floridanus (Chapm.) Small Stem 2-
6 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear to narro ~~
lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long: bracts ovate
lanceo :
rpasse
glands gros oni s edges: capsu
8—10 mm. bro pabsiobese 6 or a 4 mm. b iue smooth.—Pine-
lands, Coastal “Plain, M Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Spr.—
3. G. inundatus (Torr. Small. Stem 1-5 dm. tall: leaf- blades narrowly ob-
lanceolate to linear, or slightly broadest above the middle, 3-10 cm. long:
braets ovate to elliptic-lanceolate: Topps campanulate, 2-3 mm. long; lobes
di: atia l toothed, about as high as the glands: capsu ule 6-7 mm. broad,
eed subglobose or ovoid Chae, 3-3.5 mm. long, smooth. —Low pine-
er Coastal Plain, W Fla. to Ala.—Spr.
eel ka telephioides (Chapm.) Small. Stem 0. a 2 dm. tall: leaf-blades d!
oadly spatulate, or oblan papa 2-5 em. long: braets ovate to deltoid:
i olde e dly eam Ver ir t 2 mm. pee lobes half. orbicular, ea
as high as the nm eapsule 7-8 mm. broad, granular: seed subglobose, about
eb. ter. —Pinelands, near the coast, M Fla.—
5. rlingtonii (A. Gray) Small. Stem 3-15 dm. tall: leaves few; blades
dui dad to elliptic- reaS .5—10 em. long: bracts reniform to orbicular-
iform: l 3—4 mm. long; lo peer | ovate or o toothed or often
notched ; aude elliptie: mde ule 8.9 m broad, warty: seed ovoid-globose,
3—4 mm. long.—Woods and ae Piedmont and M EE es,
N. C. to N. J. (or N. Y.?).— fall.
. G. commutatus (Engelm.) Small. Stem pep ioni dm. long: leaf-
blades spatulate to e us ie of the upper ones somewhat 1 anceolate in
G. commutatus erectus), 1 . long, with nates’ Ken -like bases; bracts
reniform or ovate- reniform: ;involuere 2.5 mm. long; horns 1 mm. long or n nearly
so: capsule 3.5-4 mm. broad, smooth: seed ovoid. fully 2 m m. long, d dd
pitted.—( WO00D-SPURGE. wd and stream- -banks, various A RN Fla.
Mo., Minn., and Pa.
7. G. austrinus Small. Stem erect, 3—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, mostly
2-5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, very short- a bracts deltoid: involucre
1-1.5 mm. long; horns about 0.5 mm. long: capsule 3-3.5 mm. oun. h:
seed avid, nearly 2 mm. uh finely ‘reticulate. —Pinelands, W Fla.
8. G. Peplus (un Haw. Stem erect, 1-3 dm. tall: leaf- nmo eor o
obovate, 1-4 em. long: bracts ovate or triangular-ovate: involuer 1.5 m
51
802 | EUPHORBIACEAE
long; horns less than 1 mm. long: capsule 2.5-3 mm. broad, osi seed ellip-
soid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5 mm. long or less, with 1—4 series of pits.—(PETTY-
SPUR E )—Roadsides, waste-places, and cult. grounds, various poe Ala. to
Ia. and N. B.; also Calif. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-fall
9. G. Cyparissias (L.) Small. NE s often tuft ed, 1-3 dm. tall: leaves very
numerous; blades linear, 2-4 e 2 ie or acutish, entire: bracts ovate,
if pd iT d
; glan
lunate, nearly 1 mm. iN. BEA A obed ap 3 mm. wide, granular, the
lobes rounded: seed ovoid, nearly 2 . long, smooth.— — ( CYPRESS-SPURGE.)—
Fence-rows, roadsides, and pes lea various provinces E. U. S. Nat. of Eu.
—Sum.- fall.
10. G. o e (H.B.K.) Small. Stem 1—4 dm. tall: leaf- Me euneate
0
: elliptie, 0.5—1.2 em. long: braets TR to the leaves: involuer
ands cbreniform: : capsule about road, minutely A T pe E
cloboe, pee d en rcu sand- dunes, S pen. Fla. and the
Keys.—(W E ea. Allee
G. Helioscopia (L.) H Stem 1-3.5 dm. tall: pawn: dps 10
uneate, 1.5—4 cm. long, finely Gi near the rounded o argin apex
bracts of the rays cuneate elliptic- EA iue t arbia ulate,
out 1.5 mm. high, s A eee led; glands transversely a KS 0.5 m
wide, unappendaged: capsule about 4 mm. broad, the Iobes rounded: seed ovoid.
arly 2 mm. long, finely aa = ARTWE WEED.) — Fields, waste- o and
cult. grounds, various provinces, N. C. to Ill., Ore., Que., and N. Y. Nat. of
Eu.—Sum.-fall.
12. G. Pei Eius Small. Stem 3- - dm. tall: Ed blades spatulate-
| ale ong: bracts ovate: involucre 1-1.5 mm. long: sule 3.5—4
bro Mond seed ellipsoid or orbicularellipsoid, 9 mm. lon ng or less,
faintly reticulate — (Wanrv-Srurce, ioral soil, often in woods, various prov-
s, S. C. to Tex., Ia., and Pa.
13. G. arkansanus eu ben & Gray) Small. Stem 2-5 dm. tall: leaf- bres
d a cuneate, 1-3 cm. long: rode es to de involue
about . long: capsu E 2. 5-3 mm. bro ad, with elongate warts: P ovoid.
lenticular, 1 3-1. o mm. long, o e Pra airies and shaded D vari-
s provinces, Ala. to Tex., Colo., and Kans.—Spr.—sum.
14. G. platyphylla (L.) Small. Stem 2—10 dm. tall: leaf-blades rd
acute, cordate and auricled at the base, 2-5 em. long, softly pubescent beneath
OV la a :
smooth.—W aste places vp roadsides, various provinces, Lake Champlain and
he xm Lake region, also uil N. Y. and southern La. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-
y fal
28. oe Graham. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs or
oody plan Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or lobed, those of the upper ones
Me like "i bracts highly colored or discolored. Involucres solitary or cymose,
ach with 1, or rarely 3 or 4, unappendaged glands. Capsule smooth. Seeds
si ewe —About 12 lin mostly tropieal Ameriean.—Sum.-fall or all
ea URGES.
DITNAPRTAa
EUPHORBIACEAE 803
en or glands of the involucre stalked : bracts and upper leaves m at all
iscolore 1. P. den
Glan p = the involuere sessile or nearly so: bracts and upper
s discolored at the base
p while or pale-pink at the base. 2. P. geniculata.
tire b ur plant glabro involucral Sand:
ostly
rd
P. pinetorum.
Broad p dc with toothed blades. 4. P. heterophylia.
5. P. cyathophora.
1. P. dentata (Michx.) Small. Stem 2-4 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades 1-9
m. long, ovate, lanceolate, or d linear: involuere 2.5-3 mm. long; glands
usually solitary: capsule 4—4.5 mm. broad:
eed pred abe ulate. Rich ‘soil, dry
hills, and plains, san provinces, rarely
Coastal ee N. Fla. to N. M., Wyo., 8. D.,
N. Y
2. P. geniculata (Ortega) iral Stem
3-9 dm. tall, glabrous or ne cur s Po
blades elliptic or ovate, 4-9 em. lon ie
or obsoletely dentate: bracts often e
. long: cap-
sule 4—5 void, 3-3.5
ad —Hillsi des and roadsides, Rio Grande
Region, Tex, and Fla. Keys—(W. I., Mea x.)
3. P. pinetorum Sm Stem 3-10
tall, glabrous: Hos narrowly elonga ate-
er 4—15 em. long: idi s involuere turbinate, mostly less than 3
m. long: capsule p . long: seed 2-2.5 mm. long, slightly tuberculate.
LP. havanensis (Fl. SE "8. Ny piscina and aay places, Everglade Keys,
pen. Fla. and Florida eae —(W. I.)
4, P. heterophylla (L.) Small. Perennial, stem 3-12 dm. tall: leaf- pue
AINTE
SPURGE. )—Ham oeks, wooded banks and "i places, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex., Kans., Minn. and Il.— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
5. P. cyathophora (Murr.) S Annual, stem 1. ü m. tall or less, pubes-
cent: leaf-blades elliptie or dern pois to obovate o ovate, or narrower De e-
cially on the branches, 5-18 em. long: involuc D eunus uio 3.5-4 mm. long:
eapsule 4—4.5 mm. long: seed 3-3.5 mm. lo ong, tubereulate.— (PAINTED “LEAF. )—
Hammocks, cult. grounds, waste-places, and roadsides, —(W. I. Mez.,
C. A., S. A) =k form, apparently of one or the other of the two preceding
o dr. perhaps as an immigrant in the Central States up into Kans.,
Minn., and Il.
29. EUPHORBIA L. Very succulent cactus-like shrubs or trees, with
angled or ribbed spine-armed jointed stems and branches. Leaves small or
804 CALLITRICHACEAE
minute, often scale-like, fleshy, early de-
ciduous, or obsolete. Involueres solitary or
clustered, each with five mostly unappend-
aged glands. Capsule usually smooth.—
About 30 species, of the Old World.
l. E. lactea Haw. Plants 1-5 m,
eopiously branched, E branches 3- ELT
the angles repand, with the e bos
marbled: spines Pug subulate, 3-7
long, divergent: leaves between i ts Spi pen
a. suomi cular to orbicular-reniform,
m. wide, . us. nearly sessile.—
(afore sro) Hamm ocks and waste-
plaees, Florida Key Nat. of E. I.—(W.
I., Mex dur eus id Ex for ornament and for hedges in tropical regions.
0. TITHYMALUS Mil. Shrubs with fleshy branches. Leaves succu-
lent: blades flat, entire or undulate-erisped. Involucres borne in dichotomous,
often contracted cymes, oblique and stron
2-lipped, the lower tip much larger than the
upper. Caps
keeled or horned.—About 30 species, tropi-
eal American. [Pedilanthus Neck.]
1. T. Smalli (Millsp.) e Plant 3-16
dm. tall or more, the stem and branches
sien zigzag: leaves spreading; pu
vate to ovate-lanceolate, 4—1 in-
Mos s 12-14 mm. long, ma n " "the two ,
lange o broadly ovate, ciliolate: sta- |
ns style exserted: eapsule 6-7 mm
Pinelands Bverglade Keys, pen. Fla. and Florida Keys. Nat. of trop. Am., and
eult.—All year.—Used medicinally.
Faminy 2. CALLITRICHACEAE — Nao FAMILY
Herbs, often a 2d tender tissues. Leaves opposite: blades
entire, or 3-nerved. Flowers polygamous, minute, axillary, often ee ly
bracted alyx ere i orolla wanting. Androecium of single
of 4 united e e Ovary 4celled. Fruit cori-
aceous, “indehiscent, 4-lobed. —One g
RICHE L. Aquatic or more or less amphibious plants, the
opposite leaves often E e or eae at the ends of the stem and
nches. Flowers inconspicuous, green.— About 20 species, of wide geographic
distribution. —WATER-STARWORTS.
Carpels permanently united: leaf-blades in terrestria! plants, or of E leaves
in aquatics, obovate to spatulate and 3-veine I
Carpels, in fruit, separate RNY to the axis: leaf-blades uni-
formly linear and 1-veine II. AUTUMNALES.
CALLITRICHACEAE 805
VERNAE
Fruit manifestly pedicelled : leaves E
Fruit about 0.8 mm. er Styles Sree
1. C. terrestris.
Fruit about 0.7 mm. styles deciduous. 2. C. Nuttallii.
Fruit essentially sessile.
tyles much shorter than the fruit. 3. C. palustris.
Styles fully as long n the fruit.
Aquatic: fruit 1 mm. broad. 4. C. heterophylla.
Terrestrial: fruit "0. 5 mm. broad. 5. C. peploides.
II. AUTUMNALES
a d with leaf-blades notched at the apex. . 6. C. autumnalis.
1. S Raf. Terrestrial, "de iier in drying, the foliage scaleless:
leaf dades eedem 2-3 mm. long: fruit broader than long. [C. Austin nii
Engelm.]—Damp shaded soil, various disi
inces, rarely a Plain, ' Ala. to Tex.,
Mo., Conn., and Va.—(M ex. )—Sum.-fall. :
2. C. Nuttalli Torr. UNA, = fo Et
; p
fruit broader than long.—Moist soil, Coastal
Plain and un T adj. provinces, Ala.
to La. and oa eile um.
3. L. e tie, the fol
scaly: blades oe the submerged leave RISO.
those of the emersed ones spatulate, shorter
than the submersed ones: Ad
2 seales: fruit obovoid, about 1.5 te long.
[C. verna WATER-CHICKWEED
Ponds and streams, various provinces, U. 8. and Can.—(S. A., 0. W. )—Spr.-
4. C. heterophylla Pursh. Aquatic or rarely oe A apis of the sub-
mersed leaves filiform or linear, those of the emersed ones spatulate: fruit
decidedly e —Slow-flowing streams, pools, "and ditches, various prov-
inces, Fla. to La., Colo., Man., and Newf.—Sum
b. C. peploides Nutt. Terrestrial, the plant matted: leaf-blades uniform,
obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptic: fruit ag or nearly so.—Moist soil, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Ark.—Spr.—
6. C. autumnalis L. Aquatic with stems 6-17 em. long: leaf-blades narrowly
ed 5-12 mm. long: fruit orbicular-reniform, scarcely 2 mm. wide, 2 -lobed,
sessile.—Ponds, lakes, and streams, various provinces, La. to Colo., Ore., Man.,
and Que.—(E£u.)—Sum.—fa ul.
ORDER SAPINDALES — SAPINDAL ORDER
Shrubs or trees. Leaves various: blades simple and entire or toothed,
or compound. Calyx of distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct petals, regular
or rarely irregular, or wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as there
are petals, or of twice as many, or rarely of more or fewer. Filaments
distinct. Gynoecium of a single carpel, or of several united earpels.
vary superior. Ovules 1 or 2, or several, in each cavity of the ovary,
pendulous, with the raphe away from the axis of the ovary, or erect or
ascending. Fruit various—Exceptions to the woody plants are Pachy-
sandra and Cardiospermum. |
806 BUXACEAE
Corolla wanting: stamens 4 (in our genus): styles e
Far 1. BUXACEAE.
Corolla present or if Bier te A un stamens
6: ae yles present, or united, rarely
sin
Stigmas tufted or many-cleft. Fam. 2. EMPETRACEAE.
Stigmas entir
Plant with resin- -bearing tissues. Fam. 3. SPONDIACEAE. .
Plant not resin-bearing.
Leaf-blades simple, n veined.
Each i vity of the ary with a single
ule,
Flowers in racemes: fruit a dry
terete or a winged, coriaceous
rupe. Fam. 4. CYRILLACEAE.
Flowers not racemose: fruit a fleshy
rupe. Fam. 5. AQUIFOLIACEAE.
Each cavity of the ovary with 2 or more
ovules.
Disk ee dtd oe
p er introrse: seed often
rilled Fam. 6. CELASTRACEAE.
ree extrorse: seed not arilled. Fam. 7. HIPPOCRATEACEAE.
Disk S. corolla wanting. Fam. 8. DODONAEACEAE.
ids er DIS and palmately veined or
mpou
De e oppos site.
Fruit
capsular.
"lowers regular: fruit me
branous, bladdery 3 lobe d a
sule: leaf-blades pinnately com-
ound. Fram. 9. NTAPHYLEACEAE.
Flowers irregular: fruit a leath-
ery lobular capsule: leaf-
blades digitately compound. Fam. 10. AESCULACEAE.
Fruit a samara. . Fam. 11. ACERACEAE.
Leaves alternate, in our species. Fam. 12. SAPINDACEAE.
Faminty 1. BUXACEAE — Box FaAwILY
Shrubs, trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or m ofte
persistent: blades simple. Flowers monoecious or dioeciou Ea
several sepals or wanting. Corolla wanting. Androecium T stamens.
Gynoecium of 2—4 united carpels. Fruit a capsule or a drupe.—About
6 genera and 35 species, us distributed.
1. PACHYSANDRA Michx. Herbs with leaves and flowers on separate
branches. Leaves dede: approximate. Flowers brownish, monoecious, spi-
eate. Staminate flowers with 4 sepals and
4 stamens. Bn ate flowers with 4 or more
sepals and a 3-celled ovary. Capsule 3-
ied 3 xen Seeds 2 in each cavity. Sev-
eral species, mostly Asiatie
P. procumbens Michx. Stem
obovate, oval ;
times coarsely toothed: spikes 3-1 g:
wers musk-scented, the pistillate few at
the base of spike: outer sepals ovate or
elliptic, the i broader,
lpt n
capsule ubglobose, about 1 em. in diameter,
each carpel with a a long curyed Bo —( ALLE
GHENY-MOUNTAIN SPURGE.) — Rie woods,
often in calcareous soils, various N W. Fla. to La., Ky., and W. Va.
—5p
EMPETRACEAE 807
FAMiy2. HMPETRACEAE — Cnow-sEeRRY FAMILY
Shrubs, mostly resembling heaths. Leaves alternate or whorled, some-
times numer and crowded. Flowers dioecious or rarely polygamous
C 2 or 3 als. Corolla of 2 or 3 petals, or wantin ndroe-
cium of 2-4, mostly 3 stamens. Gynoec of 2-several united carpels.—
Three genera and few species, but ee distributed.
1. CERATIOLA Michx. Evergreen shrubs. Leaf-blades narrow, revo-
2 and thus e tubular. Flowers 2 or 3 in an axil. Sepals 2. Petals
tamens Ovary 2-eelled. Drupe with
: nutlets.—One species.
1. C. ericoides Michx. Shrub 3-15
tal: leaves crowded and spreading, 8-
m. long: flowers red or yellowish: sepals
bout 1 mm. long: A go digas pio
subglobose, 2-3 m n diameter, yellow
red.—(RosEM c zs pi SER Amd
hills, and serub, often in very acid so oil, |
somewhat uncertain io but asso-
ciated en as E iba es of northern
North hee mbles the heaths in
habit in n pre pleasant aroma
it gives off. It has two deadly enemies. Throughout its range fire has de-
veni vast areas of it, while in bd peninsular cues Ani parasitic woevine
(Cassytha) is equally as destructive.—Spec o collected at
Palma Sola, Florida, have been described as C. icio m. Gandoger
Famity 3. SPONDIACEAE — Sumac FAMILY
hrubs, trees, or vines, with a milky, resinous, often se or caustic
. s alternate: blades simple or pinnately compou Flow
monoecious, ecious, or polygamous. Calyx of 3-6 ae, Corolla of
3—5 petals , larger than the Ras — ia roecium ue ey or rarely more,
a Gynoe ecium of 1, ur 5.m r less ted carpels. Fruit a
drupe or a berry.—Sixty UR and 500 RU. euet tropical.
Gynoecium 1-earpellary: style single: ovary on a swollen receptacle: leaves with
simple blades I. MANGIFEREAE.
Gynoecium 3- Een pella: styles or stigmas 3: ovary not on a
swollen receptacle: leaves with simple or compound blades. II. RHOEDEAE.
I. MANGIFEREAE
Trees with narrow leaf-blades and Nor Pun rs. 1. MANGIFERA.
II. RHOEDEAB
Ovary, and drupe, very oblique: style laterally oblique: leaves
with broad E blades 2. COTINUS.
Ovary, and drupe, nor oblique: style terminal: leaves with
Compound. bla
Drupe somewhat Slo ate, the coats permanently united. 3. METOPIUM.
Drupe pera ne coats ultimately separating.
Dru a glabrous or sparingly pubescent outer
a re E ribbed. 4. TOXICODENDRON.
Drupe with a copiously pubescent outer coat: stone
TUIS polygamous, in terminal thyrsoid panicles
x adi after the leaves.
Flowers polygamo-dioecious, in solitary or clustered
Spi ikes in the axils, before the leaves. 6. SCHMALTZIA.
B
RHUS.
808 SPONDIACEAE
1. MANG L. Trees. Leaf-blades simple, relatively narrow.
Flowers polygamo- MPa in stiff panicles, the branches not plumose.
Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 2 Ovary ob-
lique: bx 1, htm. pHs oid to some-
what reniform, smooth: ce tenaciously
fibrous-coated. ed 14 species, Asiatic.
1. M. indica L. Leaf-blades leathery,
elliptic to linear-elliptie or linear-lanceolate,
mostly 1-3.5 dm. long, reticulate: panicles
—4 ong: flowers greenish, yellowish, or
red: sepals ovate: petals elliptic or obovate,
3.5—4 n long: drupe 5-10 En long,
aromatic. — (MaNnco.) — Hammocks and
oe ‘S pen. Fla. and the Keys. O Nat. of
I., and cult.—Spr.—Grown in | many
i b its ace fruit.
2. COTINUS Adans. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades simple, relatively
broad. Flowers mostly e or dioecious, in loose panicles which often
have plumose branch ls 5. Petals
obliquely reniform, veiny: stone glabrous.—
Two species, the following and one Eurasian.
1. C. americanus Nutt. Shrub, or tree be-
coming 12 m. tall: leaf-blades membranou us,
obovate or oval, 4-15 em. long: panicles
1-3 ong, the branches glandular-villous:
sepals ‘ovate: petals Wd ovate, green:
drupe 5 mm. lo d [C. cotinoides (Nutt.)
Rock
ct (c
Britton.]—(SMOKE-TREE. Y Ro y estone
hills, Interior "Platea au provinces, Ala. to
Ark. (o —BSpr.
wood is eoarse-grained, light and soft;
durable in contact with the soil as fence- Ee It yields a yellow dye.
3. METOPIUM P. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades pinnate. Flowers
nd in open panicles. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Ovary equilateral. Styles
united: stigma 3-lobed. i not oblique
ud species, West India
M. toxiferum (L.) Krug & Urban
ide or tree becoming 14 m. tall, with a
ular:
petals élliptie to ovate or oval yellow-green
and often da ES lined within: drupe 10—15
nu. long.—(Porsonwoop. | DocTOR-GUM.
CoRAL-SUMAC.)—Hammocks, pinelands, and
eys.—(W.
is a powerful "skin-pois on. The sap-wood is
yellow or light-brown; the dark-brown and
SPONDIACEAE 809
red-streaked heart-wood is heavy and hard, but not strong. A p tree in
hammocks, a shrub, often with diffuse or depressed stems in pinelan
4. TOXICODENDRON [Tourn.] Mill Shrubs, trees, or woody vines,
with poisonous sap. Leaf-blades pinnately compound. Flowers polygamous or
dioecious, in rather dense panicles, white or greenish. Sepals 4-6. Petals 4-6.
Ovary glabrous. Styles short. Drupe mostly glabrous, the sarcocarp wax-
secreting. Seed ribbed.—About 20 species, North American and Asiatie—Spr.—
sum.—The sap is a powerful skin poison. Some of the species are used
medicinally.
Leaf-blades 3-foliolate: vines or low shrubs: panicles of fruits spreading.
Stems climbing or erect especially when young: blades
of n leafiets coarsely toothed or entire, thin 1. T. radicans.
Stem ect: blades of the leaflets lobed, thickish. 2. T. Toxicodendron.,
Leaf-blades. T-11- foliolate: tall shrub or tree: panicles of
fruits drooping. 3. T. Verniz.
1. m radicans es Kuntze. Ste em elim Es by aérial roots: blades of the
rows, and swamps, various provinces,
to Miss. Nebr., Minn., and N. S.—(W
ledflets ovate in out ae or Pd obovate,
g, eoarsely erenate-lobe ni-
cles densely flowered: petals lliptic-lanceo.
late, about 2.5 mm. lo upe
gl e. [Rhus Toxicodendron ]—(Por-
SON-OAK.) — Dry woods and pin EE
ie es Plain id rarely adj. Aras Fla.
ex. 'lenn. and N. J. bu ms are
Simple or little eae | The lea flet- peered are much firmer in texture than in
radicans, and strongly Bcc benea
3. T. Vernix (L.) Kuntze. Shrub or small tree: blades of the lateral leaflets
elliptie, or oval, 4—15 cm. long, undulate: petals linear-elliptie, about 2 mm
5 mm. broad, i oping panicles Us
long: drupes subglobose, about ad, i l [Rhus Ver-
nis L. us ve s pial era OOD. POISON-ELDER.
POISON-DOGWOOD. iw SUMAC.)— alluvial swamps and wet woods, vari-
ous provinces, Fla d Me -—The heart-wood, coarse-grained,
; , Minn
light and soft, is am P with, yellow.
RHUS L. Shrubs or trees, not alana Leaf-blades pinnately com-
pound. several-foliolate. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, borne in termina
usually compact panicles, white or oe a ie Sepals commonly 5. Petals
commonly 5. Ovary pubescent. Style short. Drupe pubescent. Seed smooth
and even.—About 125 species, natives of temperate and warm regions.—Spr.—
‘Sumacs. The bark and leaves are sometimes used for tannin ng.
Rachis of the leaf wingless, terete or nearly so: fruiting panicles in
. HIRTAE.
Rachis of the leaf winged: fruiting panicles nodding. JI. LEUCANTHAE.
810 SPONDIACEAE
I. HinTAE
Foliage more or less glaucous or pale.
MED. and drupes usually pubescent with soft very
t
Leaflets with. acuminate, sharply serrate blades 1. R. eo
"res with crenate-serrate blades, rounded at the apex. 2. R. Ashei
panicles m and drupes bristly pubescent with long
Du ps hair 3. R. hirta.
Foliage. ‘densely i ee with brownish hairs, not glaucous. 4. R. Michauaii.
I. LEUCANTHAE
Bark of the trunk gray, dull: petals ou 2.5 mm. long: anthers
broadly ellipsoid, scarcely 1m long.
Blades of the leaflets aE, and usually acute: leaf-.
Su
Dn
9,
[5]
e
n
c
x
©
fe
[o7
pai
te
46
pedo
CO» Ot
A . R. Copallinum.
Blades of the leaflets obtuse: leaf-rachis narrowly winged. . R. obtusifolia.
Bark of the trunk red, shining: aH about 3 mm. long:
anthers linear-ellipsoid, fully 1 mm. lon
-1
. R. leucantha.
R. glabra L. rub or tree a 6 m. tall, leaflets 11-31; blades
2s Or pe ( that of the terminal E often ovate), 3 3-8 cm. long: petals
ut 2 mm. long: drupe velvety, the ston
Mes a ee obe e E.
UM RED-SUMAC.) —Dry rich wre and
thickets, various provinces, Fla. to La.,
Minn., and N. S.—3Spr.- —-The ange-
colored and green-strea ked er eu is
ii -grained, -a and brittle. The fruit-
ing panicles are erect.
2. R. hei Small. Shrub with glaucous
stems: leaflets 13-17; blades elliptic to oval-
iptie, : he drupe
Not Mill. ]--Sandy soil, Piedmont,
il
(L.) Sudw. Shrub, or tre
sus "E m. tall, with pubescent foli-
age: leaflets 11-31; blades bacs to lanceolate, or that of the terminal one
ovate-lanceolate, 4-15 e m pet E about 3 mm. long: p L1 E
stone 3-3.5 mm. long. hus typhina L.]—(ST AGHORN- -SUMAC.
VELVET- ds 2) Roadeides and hillside- "o various provin a La.
S. . B.—Spr.-sum.—The fruits of this and of pee de
are used to lus A ‘acid drink, similar to lemonade.
. Michauxii Sarg. Shrub with densely pubescent stems: leaflets 9-15;
blades pie oval, or elliptie-ovate (that of the M. one often ovate),
—10 em. long: stone of the drupe about 3.5 mm. long. hus pumila Michx.
Na Meerb. ]—(FArs SE POISON-SUMAC.)—Sandy. soil, Piedmont, Ga. to N. C.—
Spr.
5. R. Copallinum L. Shrub, or tree becoming 10 m. tall and 2.5 dm. in diam-
eter, the bark thick, scaly: leafiets ge blades iwi to elliptic-lanceolate or
m. long.—(DwARF-
sometimes oval, 3-10 em. long: stone the
S OUNTAIN-SUMAC. Pus SU S MAC . _Saroorm sunao.)
—Dry, often stony soil, and hillsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., an
—Sum He
—THie heart ond light- -brown streaked with green, is CET ed.
light and 1 soft. The fruiting panicles are drooping.
an R. O Small. Shrub: ae or blades ovate to elliptie, i
ong: petals about 2.5 mm. long: of the drupe e 3.5-4 mm. lo
Pinelands, Pen E —sum. or a year s
CYRILLACEAE 811
7. R. leucantha Jacq. Shrub, or tree becoming 9 m. tall, the bark thin, soft,
Ars. peeling: leaflets 15-33; blades narrowly elliptie to linear-lanceolate,
3—9 em. long: stone of the drupe about 3 mm. long.—(SOUTHERN-SUMAC.)—
Huge. Everglade Keys, Fla.—(W. I.)—All year.
SCHMALTZIA Desv. Shrubs or trees, aromatic, not poisonous. Leaf-
Ege: pinnately d usually 3- ad Flowers polygamous or dioeci-
ous, in ament-like racemes or panicles ore
the leaves, Scu Hes green. Rea com-
monly 5. Petals commonly 5. Ovary pubes-
cent: styles short. rupe pubescent with
crimson hairs, the sarcocarp not wax-secret-
Seed smooth and even.—About 8
species, N v American.—S WEET-SUMACS.—
The bark of some species is used medicinally.
1. S. crenata (Mill) Greene. Shrub with
diffuse stems, 1-2.5 m. tall: leaflets 3; blade
M :
f the terminal one mostly ovate or obovate
flowers yellow: 7 É ter
S. aromatica (Ait.) y GRANT-
AC. d P SUMAC.)—Dry woods, often in calcareous soils, various
provinces, Fla. to La., Mun un and Ind.— e genus Schmaltzia has been
pr.—
interpreted as uc up of many species. All, ex id i present iban have
geographie ranges northward and westward of our range.
Faminy 4. CYRILLACEAE — Tırı FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, mostly evergreen: blades entire.
Flowers perfect. borne in lateral or terminal narrow racemes or raceme-
white. Androecium of 5 o stamens. Gynoecium of 2-5 united car-
pels: us united: stigmas 2-5. Fruit a dry ead or winged nut-like
drupe.—Three genera a about 12 species, America
Panicles lateral: sepals ee Bee acute, narrowed upward : stamens dd ovary
2-celled : fruit terete, not w 1. CYRILLA.
Panicles terminal: died une ae petals aad een up-
: s 10: y 3- or 4-celled: fruit winged. 2. CLIFTONIA.
1. CYRILLA Garden. Shrubs or small trees, with pale close bark.
Leaves with veiny blades at Wa Panieles raceme-like, narrow, clustered,
spreading in anthesis. Sepals acute or acuminate. Petals narrowed upward,
clawless, about twice as long as ic sepals. Stamens equal: filaments flattened.
Style short. Fruit.an almost terete spongy drupe, spreading.—Four or five
species, the following and the others tropical American.—IRONWooDS. TITIS.
RED-TITIS. WHITE-TITIS.
‘Leaves mostly 5-10 cm. long ; ; blades thick-membranous : petals 3 Pur long or more:
rupe conic-ovoid or ovoi . C. racemiflora.
Leaves m 1-4 cm. Pee : blades coriaceous: petals less than
ng: dru globose-ovoid or subglobose.
Sepa kw "ovata an nner apiculate. 2. C. parvifolia.
Sepals lanceolate: anthers notched. 3. C. arida. —
. 812 CYRILLACEAE
. C. racemiflora L. eae Boop ants Aenea shrub or small tree reaching
a height of 10 m. andam m trunk diameter of 3 dm., semi-evergreen, the
trunk clothed with a clos near or whitish
bark: leaf-blades Blu nous, ob-
laneeolate, obovate, or nearly elliptie, 5-10
-15 cm. 1 finall
E sepals ovate or ovate- E,
l mm. long, acute: corolla white, 4-5 m
broad: nc lanceolate or cblong-laneco-
l te, 3 long more, acute rupe
conic- ovoid or ovoid, 2. 5-3 mm. long, er
minutely granular: 'seeds narrowly ovoid.—
(LEATHERWOOD. E-HUCKLEBERRY. BLACK-
Fla. , Mo., . Va.—Spr. The DNE and red-tinged heart-wood is
close- 223 heavy, and hard. The flowers are an important source of honey.
2. C. parvifolia Raf. Glabrous evergreen compact, rigid, and much branched
ade
shrub 1-5 m. tall, evergreen: leaf-blades thin-coriaceous, oblanceolate or linear-
oblanceolate, 1-4 em. long, acute or WP UA lustrous above, paler beneath,
more ee less reticulate: racemes slender, 3—8 c age di wee mm. long,
commonl rac s: E. vate, lm :
corolla white, 3—4 mm. broad: petals broadly E A L oe, m. long,
more than twice as Ius as the sepals, obtuse, ii ed at the base and above
the midrib: stamens included: drupe subglobose or globose-ovoid,
long, slightly granular.—Swamps and bays, Coastal Plain, N Fla. t > Ia cum
ge Small eae perhaps also a shrub, usually with vine-like
bra nehes : leaves evergreen, ximate near the ends of the branches; peer
elliptic- a. e RU nccolnt te, or narrowly elli iptie, 1-3 em. long, thick
coriaceous: panicles stly 2-6 em. long: sepals acuminate: petals ptic.
a about mus as long as the sepals, 2-2.5 mm. long: drupe globose-
ovoid, often em about 2 mm. long. —Serub, nina sand-dunes, S lake
region, Fla.—Sum
2. CLIFTONIA Gaertn. Shrubs or small trees, with dark scaly bark.
Leaves with smooth blades. Panicles raceme-like, stout, not clustered, erect
in anthesis. Sepals very broad and rounded,
often reniform. Petals broadened upwards,
e
u
tyle wanting. Fruit a winged nut-like
drupe, nodding.—One species.
1. C. Mere (Lam.) Sarg. Shrub or
tree becoming 8 m. tall: leaves evergreen;
blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic-oblanceo-
em. long, pale or
ova a ;
"puse E ieee 2-9 cm. long:
s fragrant: sepals about 0.5 mm. long:
petals spatulate elliptic- -obovate, or cuneate,
m. long, or sometimes sho rter: drupe ovoid to oval, 6-7 mm. long, the
de Mem E at both ends. [C. ligustrina Sims ]|— (Trt. ' BLACK- mm. Buck-
AQUIFOLIACEAE | 813
WHEAT-BRUSH. OM )—Non-alluvial swamps and bays, often in acid soil,
Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La. and Ga.—Spr.—The brown and red-tinged heart-
wood is close- Bes pe heavy, but 1 brittle. The flowers are an important
source of hon
Famity 5. AQUIFOLIACEAE — Horny FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple. Flowers perfect or
polygamous. Calyx of 4-6 dS sepals. n of 4—6 petals, often
united an Eh n Androecium stamens Gynoecium
united e Fruit E M Three BOUE and 300 species, in tem-
perate and rat region
1. ILEX L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly persistent: blades entire or
toothed. Flowers sometimes nearly dioecious. Sepals persistent. Co de-
eiduous, white or greenish-white. Drupe with 4-8 nutlets.—
mostly Ameriean.—HoLLrES.—The flowers of some species are an important
souree of honey. Some of the red-fruited species are used for decorations for
winter festivals.
Fruit with smooth nutlets.
Fruit d ribbed or striate nutlets.
ets Wo on the back : leaves deciduous :
‘blades thick-membranous or herbaceous, Subgenus II. PRINOIDES.
Nutlet few- ribbed. or l -grooved on the Man leaves
persistent, evergreen: blades -coriaceou
Subgenus I. PRINOS.
Subgenus III. AQUIFOLIUM.
PRIN
Drupes black, except in a red-fruited form L B glabra: leaves
persi istent ; blades leathery.
Leaves with blades of an obovate or ee type prevail-
ing; petioles S short and stou
dle, not spine-tippe E mostly less than 6 mm.
in diamete 1. I. glabra.
u e spinescent-toot hed above the middle or
e-tipp rupes mostly over 6 mm. in diameter. 2. I. coriacea.
spin
Leaves with blades oe an ovate type prevailing; petioles
poc long and slender.
3. I. Krugiana.
Drupe ys dE EUR ed ge-red, Dr Scarlet : leaves deciduous; blades
er
St taminate mud pistillate flowers on pedicels of about equal
4. I. verticillata.
Steminate flowers on conspicuously slender and long pedi-
: the pistillate shorter-pedicelled. 5. I. laevigata.
II, PRINOIDES
pue ee solitary or clustered, without a common
pedu
Leaf-blades typically broadest above the middle.
Nutlets faintly ribbed and striate: leaf-blades glabrous
or meee ciliate.
or 3-9 em. long: drupe shorter than the
Leaf-blade 1-2 em. long: drupe longer than the
1C
Nutlets prominently ribbed and striate: leaf-blades pu-
bescent beneath or usually so
Pedicel much longer than the drupe: drupes solitary
or 2 E ether. 8. I. Cuthberti.
M much Shorter than the drupe: drupes more
ess clustered. 9. I. decidua.
Leaf-blades Dido at the middle or below it.
eaf- es glabrous or with few hairs about the nerves:
ca ane glabrous with
eaf-blades x em, long, inconspicuously toothed:
Carolinian.
6. I. longipes.
T. I. Curtissii.
814 AQUIFOLIACEAE
Dm subeoriaceous : drupe 9-11 mm. in di-
H
e
I. Buswellii.
Leaf- blades membranous: drupe 6-7 mm. in di-
I. ambigua.
Leaf-blades "6-20 em. long, conspicuously toothed:
Alleghenian. 2. I. monticola.
. Leaf-blades densely pubescent beneath: oe pubescent. 13. I. Beadlei
Staminate flowers several on a common pedun 14. I. ere iene
III, AQUIFOLIUM
Leaf-blades entire or with a few appressed teeth near the T
“m f-blades linear or narrowly elliptic, or broader
hoots, 1—4 cm. long. 15. I. myrtifolia.
| f- blades elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, 4-10 cm. long. 16. I. Cassine.
i rae EE ed or sinuate.
-l
17. I. vomitoria.
dee d rarely only the terminal one present.
eaf-blades cuneate or cuneate-obovate, with “the teeth
ace cted forward: nutlets oval, shallowly grooved and
blunt-ridged. 18. I. cumulicola.
Leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or elliptic-obovate, with the
teeth spreading: nutlets deeply grooved and shar rp-
ridged. 19. I. opaca.
1. I. glabra (L.) A. Gray. Shrub 0.5-1.5 m. tall, with velvety-pubescent
twigs: leaf-blades obovate, pe pure elliptic, or a or rarely ovate, 1-5
em. long, acute or o middle tire or ind p
ZR
EVERGREEN-WINTERBERRY. BERRY.)—
~ pinelands, swamps, and prairies often
n acid soil, Coastal Plain and rarely adj.
provinces, n n La. and N. S.—Spr.-
early interesting form, rather
an peA than typical I. glabra
occurs in pen. Florida. The drupe is red
and rather pointed.
- L aren ieee Chapm. Shrub 1-3
tall, rly so: leaf-blades
obovate, o elliptic- -oblanceolate, or oval, long, acute or usu
ally short- -acuminate, entire or with saber E teeth above the
middle, dark-green and o above, short-petioled: SAM nid bs 9-4
mm. wide: sta wo corolla ee mm. wide: Ne upe globos -
diameter, black, shining. [Z. luci a CAIR). T. & G.] amor -GALLBER € D
Non- alluvial swamps, Coastal Plein "Fla. to La. and S Va.—(Mez. (9))—Spr.
L Krugiana Loesener. Pe e tree x m. bes, with glabrous twigs: leaf-
blades e or ovate, 4~7.5 em. long, ate, mo s ide deep -green
and lustrous P , slenãer-petioled staminate > calyx AE wide: stami-
nate corolla 5 wide: drupe 5. ipd pon as long as
—(W. 1.)—
the sta Qno" S- Eo )—Hammocks, fu Keys, Fla.—
Win
. I. verticillata (L.) Gray. Shrub, or small tree sometimes m. tall,
with glabrous or slightly pubescent twigs: leaf- bap eia eliptic or oval,
bat hag to ovate or obov —8 em. long, acute t both ends,
more or less oo n beneath often strongly reticulate, pu staminate
calyx about 2 wide: nate corolla 6-7 mm. wide: drupe 6-8 mm. in
Fens T, pi (BL ACK: M WINTERPERRY. FEVER-BU SH. E aa
w woods, various provinces, Fla. to La., Mo., Ont., and N. S.—S
AQUIFOLIACEAE 815
9. I. laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray. Shrub, or small tree yd 6 m. tall, with
glabrous twigs: leaf-blades thinnish, elliptic or oval, or sometimes ee
or oblanceolate, 3-9 em. long, acute or mostly acuminate, appressed-serrate,
i pubescen e veins be-
glabrous on both surfaces or sometimes sparingly pube t on th e
neath: staminate calyx mm, w staminate cor mm. wide
i -18 mm. in diameter, orange-red.— ( SMO0TH-WINTERBERRY. Hoor-
and wet woods, often in acid soil, erus Oe in
0D.) —Swamps
Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Pa., N. H., and Me.—Spr.-early
6. I. 1 E Chapm. Shrub or tree 7 m. tall, with widely band branches
and glabrous twigs: leaf-blades rather coriaceous, nearly elliptic or oval but
ded eh slightly above the middle, often bid Rb quii j
a
2
serrate, the teeth often tipped w a spine-ike des staminate
calyx about 2.5 mm. wide: s ince eorolla 6—7 mm. wide: drupe globose,
red, 7-10 mm. in diameter.—Rocky banks, various pees Fila.
Tenn., and N. C.—Spr.
7. I. Curtissii (Fernald) Small. Shrub or small tree with spreading branches
and gla brous twigs: leaf-blades thin-coriaceous spatulate to elliptic- T
acute or obtuse, a. dai n ET -petioled: flowers not seen:
drupe globose, red, 4-5 mm. in diameter. [I. decidua Curtissii Fernald ld ]—
Hammocks, along rivers, Fla. a
I ont mpero E _ Shrub or small tree ie Pignus pond pubescent
y obov
both sides, but Done so beneath: flowers not ca drupe w 8-10
mm. in diameter.—Woods, Coastal Plain, Fla., and Ga.—Spr.
9. I. decidua Walt. Shrub, or small tree 10 m. tall, the twigs glabrous or
nearly so: leaf-blades thickish, i, a or nearly elliptic,
em. long, obtuse or retuse at the apex, erenate-serrate, dark-green and pec
above, paler and usually pubescent beneath: staminate ca alyx 2.0-3 mm. wid m
staminate corolla ye mm. wide: drupe globose, 7-9 mm. in ers orange
r nl searlet.—(D Mid uds EAR-BERRY, POSSUM-HAW. WELK-
HOLLY.)—Alluvial s Swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans, and Md.—
Spr. P, e creamy-white heart- wood is close- -grained, heavy, and hard.
10. I. Bus wellii Small. Shrub up to 3 m. tall with numerous oo the
dark-purple twigs Seen leaf- blades elipti ir or ovate, 2-3 c . lon ng,
serrulate above the m : drupe globose, 9—11 mm. in di ameter, red E
Hammocks, along the Cio. Fla. Wint- a
11. I. ambigua (Michx.) Chapm. Shrub or small tree rarely up to 6 m. tall,
the purple twigs glabrous: leaf-blades elliptic, oval, or suborbicular, 4-7 cm.
long, serrulate or crenate-serrulate, least above the middle: drupe globose-
oval, 6-7 mm. in diameter, red. . caroliniana (Walt.) Trelease, not Mill. ]—
Hammocks, scrub, and sandhills, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Ark., (Mo. 1) and N. O.—Spr.
12. I. nes ola. A. Gray. Ska or tree 12 m. tall, with glabrous twigs (or
with pubes ontic
elliptic to d varying to bi um above or below the middle, 6-20 cm. long,
acuminate, serrate, deep-green above, paler beneath, glabrous s on the
nerves: staminate aps 3—4 mm. wide: staminate cor rolla 4-5 mm. wide: drupe
globose, about 1 cem. in diameter, Maid rlet.—( MOUNTAIN- Eu. MOUN-
-WINTERBERRY. HULVE Dc mountain slopes, Blue Ridge
and more northern provine ; Ga. and Ala o N. Y.—Spr.—The e creamy-white
heart-wood is elose-grained, pod and ha a
816 AQUIFOLIACEAE
13. I. Beadlei Ashe. Shrub or small pde with pubescent twigs: leaf-blades
elliptie, oval, or suborbieular, sometimes varying to slightly broader below the
middle, 3-8 em. long, acute or short nubis, serrate, densely pubescent be-
neath and d pubeseent soo: staminate calyx 2-2.5 mm. wide: staminat
corolla 5-6 m wide: drupe Wer Paria 8-10 mm. long. mcd woods,
pr
I. Amel anchier M. A. Curt Shrubs with more or less persistently soft-
eacus foliage: leaf-blades pd elliptie, or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-8 cm.
long, acute or short-acuminate, inconspicuously serrate, Er) ous, dull and
finely reticulate above, thinly tomentose beneath, acute or rounded at the base,
6—10 mm. long, pubescent: flowers not seen: drupe globose, 7-10 mm, in diam-
eter, dull-red.—Sandy swamps, Coastal Plain, S. C.—Spr.
15. I. myrtifolia Walt. Shrub or small crooked tree, with smooth gray bark,
and rigid branches: leaf d d nad narrowly elliptic 2 linear,
or broader on shoots, 1—4 cm. long, apiculate, more or less revolute, k-green
and E d pale i Ed posue "beneath, short petioled: aes
l- mm. broad: corolla 4-5 mm. broad: dru upe obose, mm.
doe red.—(YAUPON.)—Swamps and cypress p Coastal. * Plain, "la.
to La. and N. C.—Spr.—A yellow fruited form is known
16. I. Cassine L. Shrub, or small tree 12 m. tall, with smooth gray bark, usu-
ally pubescent e leaf-blades leathery, oblanceolate or elliptic, or r rarely
obov 4-10 cm. long, obtuse, aaa or rarely retuse at the apex, more or
less eae dark- -green and glabro s above, pale and more or less pubescent
beneath, or sometimes glabrous, ce Ta slender- petiole: calyx 1.5-2 mm. broa
corolla 4-4.5 mm. road: drupe E - in diameter, red or some-
times nearly yellow. [Z. Dahoon Walt. J— (DAR OON. YAUPON. CASSENA.
og c pA d stream- Saar Mu nd hammocks, often in acid
soils, Coastal Plain, Fla. to and — Spr. or all year S.—The pale-brown
heart-wood is close-grained on light Me soft.
17. I. vomitoria Ait. Shrub, or small tree 8 m. tall: ere Mna
oval or pui sometimes elliptic- -lanceolate on shoots, 1-2.5 c ong, obtu
ive idE iin pes lustrous above, pale-green Deuce pir ar
oad: corolla 5—5.5 road: drupe globose, re —6 mm. in diameter,
Ten than the eae. TT Cassine Walt. ]—(CASSENA YAUPON.)—Sandy
hammocks, sand-dunes, and ar aig often in neutral soil, Coastal Plain and
rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and Va.—Spr e leaves contain
caffeine. A decoction n. from them was the C drink of the
aborigines. The white heart-wood, turning yellow on exposure, is close-
grained, heavy, and har
18. I. cumulicola Small. Shrub or na tree T fastigiate branches and
pale-gray or Wee Ls leaf-blades 2.5-4.5 cm. long, more or less revolute,
shallowly sinuate: als of the pistillate ee acute or rather _ obtuse,
eciliate, sometimes ene ciliolate pe globose, er,
de n nut 6 . lo I. arenicola Ashe]—Scrub, lake region, pen
—Spr.— Used locally for holiday decorations.—Additional species and varie-
ties, apparently conspecific with this plant, have been described.
19. I. opaca Ait. Tree up to 15 m. tall, with spreading branches and pale-
gray bark: leaf-blades 4-10 cm. long, flat or nearly so, rather deeply sinuate:
a of the ae flowers acuminate, ciliate: drupe globose to ovoid-glo-
bos 10 m s diameter, bright-red, or yellow, nutlets 6-7 mm. long.—
(Hon rer ICAN-HOLLY. HITE-HOLLY.)—Woo S, id a
buts PT river- banks. often in sub-acid soil, various province , Fla o Tex
. W. Va., and Mass., (Me.?).—Spr —Collected in large uniques in a
CELASTRACEAE 817
FaAwiLY 6. CELASTRACEAE — Srarrrree FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, or vin Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled:
blades simple. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioec ae variously borne.
Calyx of 3-5 sepals. Corolla of 3-5 petals. ave m of 3-5 stamens
borne on or ee lys disk. Gynoecium of nited ea Fruit a
capsule, a dru a be Seed often ie Aan 45 pene and
375 species, widely distributed | in temperate and warmer region
Fruits capsular, dehiscent. I. CELASTREAE.
Fruits drupaceous, indehiscent. II. RHACOMEAE.
I. CELASTREAB
Leaves opposite.
Ovary 3- -celled : capsule 3—5-lobed: 3—5-valved: aril red:
anther-sacs divergent. 1. EUONYMUS.
Ovary 2-celled: capsule not lobed, 2-valved: aril white:
anther-sacs paralle 1, 2. PACHYSTIMA.
joues alternate.
Climbing woody vines: ovary free. 3. CELASTRUS.
Erect shrubs: ovary confluent with the disk. 4. MAYTEN
II. RHACOMEAE
Flowers perfect: ovary 4-celled : fruit oblique 5. RHACOMA.
Flowers dioecious : ovary 2-celled : fruit not oblique.
Leaves opposite : flower-clusters peduncled: calyx deciduous:
drupe not lobed. 6. GYMINDA.
Leaves alternate: flower-clusters sessile: calyx persistent:
drupe lobed. T. SCHAEFFERIA,
1. EUONYMUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs, often weak-stemmed, trees, or
rarely vines. pans beu biis entire or toothed. Flowers perfect.
Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5, borne on the lobes of the disk:
filaments very een ae. -sacs Donum Stigmas 3-5. Capsules droop-
ing.—About 65 species, in the north temperate zone.
sile or nea rly so: oe slightly lobed, warty.
Sepals eciliate: petals orbicular-ovate suborbicular, manifestly broad-clawed :
capsule copiously warty. 1. E. americanus.
Sepals erose-ciliate: petals orbicular-reniform, clawless:
capsule ‘sparingly warty. 2. E. obovatus.
Cymes mostly 5-many-flow ered : sepals, petals, and stamens,
typicaliy 4: leaf-blades petioled : capsule deeply lobed,
ooth. . E. atropurpurea.
1. E. americanus L. Erect or straggling shrub 2 m. tall or less: leaf-blades
oval to pau 2-10 em. long, acute or acuminate, erenate-serrate: calyx
about 5 mm. wide: ye usually 5, equal:
corolla Boni over 1 em. wide; etals Men
ish or greenish-purpl filaments arising
Brom the edge of the disk ; anthers fully 1
m..wide: seed-body 4.5-5.5 mm. long.—
(STRAWBERRY-BUSH. )—Rich ined bes
and hammocks, various provinces, N pen
Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and N. Y —Spr-sum.
2. E. obovatus Nutt. Shrub with a
often rooting branches: leaf-blade
em. ;
obovate, 2-6 long, mostly obtuse, crenu-
late-serrulate: calyx about
sepa ually 5, erose-ciliate, equal
S
purple, about 3 mm. wide: filaments ri
from the top of the "disk: anthers fully
p
818 | CELASTRACEAE
m. wide: seed-body 4-5 mm. long.— (RUNNING som E
ones ue banks and Tow grounds, v s provinces, Tenn. to Ill.,
t., and W N. Y.—Sum.—The rough red = us ve this and of the uu
Bn oe, suggested the name but in -bus
E. wa Jacq. pees apa or tree becoming 8 m
the disk; EU less un a wide: seed-body 8-9 mm. ee Eig
BUSH. SPI STRAWBERRY-BUSH. RROW-W BLEED-
ING-HEART. 5 - Woods Bid “thickets ys provinces, Ala. (or Fla. ?) to Okla.,
Mont., and N. = apie .—The bark of the root is used medicinally. The white
heart- wood, ofte nged with yellow, t very ese. grained, heavy, E hard.
The dangling Puy are pinkish-purple.
2. PACHYSTIMA Raf. Shrubs. Leaves opposite, evergreen: blades
toothed or enti owers perfect. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 4, borne
nearly globular. Stigmas 2.—Two species,
North American.
1. P. Canbyi A. Gray. Diffuse and creep-
ing, 1-4 dm. tall: lenf -blades linear, linear-
elliptic or rarely oblanceolate, 0.5-2 em
long, petals white, about 1 m
long: capsule ellipsoid, about 4 mm. 1
eter. — OUNTAIN-LO -STRIPPER
CLIFF-GREEN.)—Limestone cliffs de
N N. Va.—Spr.—1ts closest
relative. grows in the N Roeky Mountains.
3. CELASTRUS L. Vines with woody stems. Leaves alternate, decidu-
ous: blades membranous, broad, entire or toothed. Flowers inclined to be
dioecious, racemose or paniculate. Sepals
Petals 5. Stamens 5, borne at the sinuses of
the disk. Capsules in drooping clusters.—
About 30 species, most numerous in Asia.
C. scande eee climber: leaf-
blades elliptic or oval, arying e or
obovate, 6-10 cm. lo ong, - errate: panicles
drooping: corolla gree about pn mm.
broad: capsule V Tieni 'about le
diameter, orange, 3-valved, the ne ‘seeds
persistent and conspicuous in early winter.
STAFF-TREE. SHRUBBY-BITTERSWEET.
Cue. BITTERSWEET. WAXWORK. GNOME'S
e —Thiekets, s and fence-rows,
various provinees, Ga. a. Okla., Man., and Me.—Spr.-sum.—The bark is
Mery medicinally. The Em fruits are used for interior decoration in winter.
4. MAYTENUS Molina. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, persistent:
blades leathery, entire or toothed. Flowers polygamous or dioecious, solitary
CELASTRACEAE 819
or clustered. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens
9, borne beneath the disk. rds ereet.—
About 10 speeies, tropieal American.
l. M. phyllanthoides Benth.’ Shrub
tree: leaf- pii obovate to nid -oblaneeo-
te, 2-4 long: hypanthium broadly
turbinate: d pale reddish: s 2-3 mm
road, white ish-w
the recurved capsule valves, red.—
Hammocks and sand-dun E eoast of lower
pen. Fla. and Florida zu and lower Rio
Grande “region, Tex.— (W ' Mex , €. A.)—
Spr.-sum.—The leaves iad gutta- percha.
5. RHACOMA L. Shrubs or small trees. Leaves eae, opposite, or
whorled, persistent: blades entire or toothed. ide m i Sa
or solitary in axillary peduncled cymes. Sepals r 9. tals 9. Sta-
mens 4 or 5, borne between the lobes of the a pub net m 12
species, tropical Ameri
Leaf-blades crenate or entire: cymes long-stalked (10-15 me ) » R. Crossopetalum.
Leaf-blades spiny toothed: cymes short-stalked (3-5 mm.) 2. R. ilicifolia.
1. R. Cressopetalum L. Erect shrub or Rd with Po twigs: leaf-blades
obovate or rarely e PA 1-4
long, shallowly crenate entire: Cus
mm. = red or purplish: drupe
obovoid, 5-6 mm. long, red.—Hammocks and
sand-dunes, coasts of S. pen. Fla. and the
Keys.—(W. I.).—All year.
2. R.ilicifolia (Poir.) Trelease. Depressed
shrub with pubescent twigs: leaf-blades
oval or ovate, 10-15 mm. long, coarsely
spiny toothed: cymes short- -peduncled:
(CHRISTMAS-BERRY. )—Pine lands, Everglad
Keys, Fla. and Florida eye —(W. I.) —AII year.—Grows in small sinks.
. GYMINDA Sarg. Shrubs or : the twigs 4-angled. Leaves oppo-
site, persistent: blades mostly entire. low
ers dioecious, in axillary cymes. Sepals 4,
or rarely 3. Pota ls 4, or rarely 3. Stamens
, borne without a disk. Drupe smooth.—
b species, the eus and 1 in C. A.
G. latifolia (Sw.) Urban. Shrubo
, mall
tree: leaf- ed abet to e obovate,
5 . long, bri no r gla above
Boa pde 1.5-2 mm. long, white: Du
llips ovoid, 7-8 mm. long, rte
— (FALSE-BOXWOOD.) — Ham Flo Ó
Keys.—(W. I., Mex.)—The es em Sond EN
is heavy, and hard.
820 DODONAEACEAE
7. SCHAEFFERIA Jacq. Shrubs or trees, the twigs terete. Leaves
alternate, persistent: blades entire. Flowers dioecious, in axillary clusters.
Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 4, born
out the disk. Stigmas recurved. Du rupe
tubereulate.—Five species, tropical Ameri-
can.
1. = p ri Jacq. Shrub a small tree:
lea clustered; blades elliptic, oval,
elliptic: Poa or elli iptie- EG i6
m. long, shining above: flowers manites uy
e about prs m.
diameter.— (Box woopD. YELLOW-WOOD. pe
Hammoeks de peu eoast of Fla. Ever-
glade Keys, and Florida Keys.— .
Spr.—The urs PAAR hod] wood is dcm
grained and heavy. It is sometimes used as
a substitute for MET in pem aving.
FAMILY 7. HIPPOCRATEACHAE — HIPPOCRATEA FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, or vines. s doa blades simple. Flowers
Calyx
perfect, in axillary racemes, panicles, or cymes. of 5 persistent
sepals. Corolla of 5 petals. Rae aa of mostly j stamens. Gynoe-
cium of 3 united carpels. Fruit a berry, a drupe, or a caps of 3 or
fewer carpels eohering at the base. eee flattened.—Three ped and
170 species, mostly tropical.
1. HIPPOCRATEA L. Trees or woody vines. Leaf-blades leathery.
Sepals and in 5. Stamens 3: filaments dilated at the base and partly
united. Capsule lobed. Seeds winged.
About 70 species, tropical America Meis
L lubilis L. Climber: leaf-blades
slips ose to ovate or Pop 5-14
1. long, erenate-serrate: corolla 5- 6 mm
broad, white: mature carpels peto obo-
H. Lam
branches and branchlets hook or and
thus bind the mass of growth E an OR network.
FAwiLy 8. DODONAEACEAE — VARNISH-LEAF FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Lea alternate: blades simple. Flowers polyga-
mous or B RUE DAN variously borne. Calyx of 3-5 Is.
e Pew Me MERE of 5-8 stamens. Disk obsolete. Gynoe-
1 r 4 united carpels. Fruit a reticulated septicidal capsule
pee per Na or ern flattened -Only the following gen
STAPHYLEACEAE 821
DODONAEA [Plum.] L. Erect shrubs or trees, with usually viscid
mu Leaf-blades broadened upward. Flowers green, yellow, or purplish.
Capsule winged.—About 50 species, pi and subtropical.—Spr. or all year.
—VARNISH-LEAVES.
Leaf-blades spatulate to elliptic: fruit 10-30 mm. wide.
Leaf-bla ace narrowly spatulate: fruit less than 2 cm. wide: seed 2-2.5 mm. in
diam 1. D. P T
Leaf-bl blades icu IE nA o PUR fruit over 2 cm.
wide: seed n dia 2. D. viscosa.
Leaf-blades cuneate to botte Cue EE fruit 5-7 mm. wide. 3. D. microcarya.
1. D. jamaicensis DC. Shrub 1-4 m. tall: leaves 3—11 cm. long; blades nar-
rowly spatulate, gradually narrowed to on base: sepals elliptic or oval, 2.5-3
m ong
m : : anthers about as
as the sepals: fruits 10-16 mm. long, deeply
notched pex: seed orbicular-lenticu-
f meter.—Pinel Apes
e 2.5-3 m
long: anthers rather shorter than the pond
fruit 23-30 mm. long, deeply urs dele pe
apex: seed orbieular- reniform 3-
diameter a s and hammocks, D "Pla
(V. I. , C. A., S. A.)—Sum
3. D. microcarya Sm all. Shrub or small tree: leaves 2- - em. long; blades
cuneate to iod cuneate: de smaller than in the two preceding a
fruit 5-7 mm. wide, emarginate at the apex: seed subglobose, nearly 2 mm. in
diameter. Ends lower Florida Keys.—Fall.
Famity 9. STAPHYLEACEAE i pastas FAMILY
Shrubs or t
Flowers perfect or “polygamous, racemose or n UE drooping. Cal lyx
of 5 sepals. Corolla of 5 equal petals. Androecium of stamens.
Gynoecium of 2 or 3 gears! or wholly united carpels. mit an inflated
capsule.—Five genera and 22 species, Wd. distributed.
1. STAPHYLEA L. Shrubs or small trees. Leaf-blades pinnate, often
3-foliolate. Racemes cluster-like, drooping.
Sepals and petals nearly erect. Capsule blad-
dery, 2- or 3-lobed.—About 6 species, of the
north temperate zone.
1. S8. L. Shrub or small tree:
leaflets 3s blades oval or eit varying to
5-10 lon
ovate or obovat 1 ng, serrate:
raceme lo Ig -10 mm.
long: petals spatulate, surpassing the sepals,
e d eream stripe apsu
long, the lobes apiculate.— (BLAD UT)—
ich woods and stream-banks, various prov-
ion n d Plain, G la.,
Oo N
Que.—Spr.—Near the
M Bid: of its range it may attain a trunk-diameter of six inches.
822 AESCULACEAE
Famity 10. AESCULACEAE — BUCKEYE FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades Pe qp Flox
ers polygamous, in terminal racemes or panicles. of 5 partially
united sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 unequal clawed eae "do um of
5-8 stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Fruta n loeulieidal
eapsule.—Two genera and about 15 species, North American and Asi
1. AESCULUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades act 5—11-foliolate.
Petals with their claws mostly in the calyx-tube. Filaments slender. Capsule
smooth or echinate.—About 24 species, North American and Asiatie.—Buck-
EYES. HORSE-CHESTNUTS.
Panicle much elon a and narrow: corolla of aut aa Oe ae different in shape:
stamens several times longer than the calyx I. MACROTHYRSUS. |
Panicle short and thiek : corolla of very di fferently
shape petals : amens twice or thrice as long
as the calyx
Upper petals ‘with small rounded blades much
shorter than the elongate claw : ovary and cap-
sule smooth and glabrous. Subgenus II. PAVIA.
Er petals with spatulate blades about as long
s the claw: ovary and capsule soft-prickly. Subgenus III. EUAESCULUS.
I. A YRSUS
Shrub with erect, slender, elongate panicles of white flowers. 1. Ae. parviflora.
I. Pav
Calyx tubular : broad petals not twice as ioe 2 the caly 2. Ae. Pavia.
Calyx campanulate: broad petals more than twice as los as the
cA x: . Ae. octandra.
III. EUAESCULU
Tree: blades of the leaflets serrate: flowers Dus eos in short
panicles 4. Ae. glabra.
1. Ae. onions Walt. Shrub: leaflets 5-7; blades elliptic-oblanceolate to
obovate, 5-18 em. long: calyx 5-7 mm. long: corolla white: petals 16-20 mm
long: capsules globular, 2.5-3 em. in diam-
B :
eter. — (BOTTLEBRUSH-BUCKEYE.) — Rich
woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, W
Fla. to Ala. and S. C- Spr.
2, Ae. Pavia L. Low shrub or small
tree: mrs “5 7 or rely 3; blades oval,
oval- “ovate, od Or elliptic-lanceo-
late: calyx e 19 mm. long or rarely longer;
tube about 5 Dunes as long as the lobes:
narrow ve 3.5—4 em. long, the claws more
than twice as seed as the calyx: capsule
—5 em. in diam —( FIRECR MN is
RED-BUCKEY BUCKEYE. )—Ri
EYE qunm Rieh or
dry woods, Coastal Plain and adj: pou
Fla. to Tex., SE Mo., and Va.—Spr.—A
tional species, related to de. Pavia ie
been pr idi sed.
3. Ae.0
olate to elliptie: calyx 12-16 mm. long or rarely shorter; tube ut 8 tim
long as the lobes: narrow peu 2.5-3 em. long, the Br ne than P i
long as the calyx: capsule 3-6 em. in diameter. [Ae. it. |— ni. YELLOW-
BUCKEYE. SWEET-BUCKEYE. LARGE-BUCKEYE.)—Rich = Bd. "s r banks,
various p Ga. to Tex., Ia., and W. Pa.—Spr.—Additional DRE. re-
lated to 4e. andra, jue been proposed.— —The creamy- -white heart-wood is
andra Marsh. Shrub or large tree: leaflets mostly 5; blades a
abo
eee ed pes and light. It is used for artifieial limbs and various
utensils.
ACERACEAE 823
Ae. glabra Willd. Tree: leaflets 5, or rarely 7; blades elliptic to elliptic-
oblanceolate oe 6-8 mm. long: : corolla ad yellow; Mir petals n mm.
lon psule em. in dia — (OH FETID-B E.)—
Woods, pod ere rarely Coa Eu Plain, "Ala. o Okla., Kans., "Mich. and
W Pa.—Spr. —The wood is used for artificial limbs a various utensils
Faminy 11. ACERACEAE —MarrkE Faminy
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades simple or compound. Flow-
ers perfect or polygamous, in cymes, racemes, or panicles, or often in con-
gested clusters. Calyx of 4 or 5, or rarely more, deciduous sepals. Corolla
of 4 or 5, or rarely more, petals, or wanting. Androecium of as many
stamens as there are sepals or twice as many. Gynoecium of 2 more or
less united carpels. Fruit 2 nutlets with wings (samaras).—Six genera
and more than 100 species, in the north temperate zone
Leaf-blades simple: flowers polygamous, monoecious, 2 UD TECON or androdioe-
cious ; disk present : p ellipsoid or oval, not ti ippe
Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles: stigmas shorter
than the style. 1. ACER.
Flowers Pn lateral or E clusters: stigmas as long
as style or lon
FO ihe filiform-pedicelled, in drooping clusters ap-
pearing with the leaves: sepals united into a lobed
eup-like calyx, the staminate and pistillate similar. 2. SACCHARODENDRON.
Flowers sessile or short-pedicelled, in dense lateral in-
volucrate clusters, appearing before the leaves.
Sepals united, the staminate and pistillate calyx
very disti nct: petals wanting. 9. ARGENTACER.
DUE MARCO EE of the staminate and pistil-
e flow petals present. 4. RUFACER:
e Dana E flowers dioecious: disk
wanting: anthers linear, minutely tipped. 5. NEGUNDO.
1. ACER L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades broad, coarsely toothed or
3—5-lobed. Flowers borne in terminal racemes or panicles, appearing after the
leaves, polygamous. Calyx of usually 5 distinct or slightly united sepals.
etals 5, narrower or broader than the sepals. Stamens exserted or included:
stigmas shorter than the en 30 species, North American and Eura-
eee d LES. ACER
the sepals. . Á. BE soi
Flowers m drooping racemes: d obovate, about as long
as the sepals or slightly longer 2. A. pennsylvanicum.
. am. Shrub, or small tree 10 m. tall, the bark thin, relatively
smooth: leaf-blades od jud than broad, mainly 3 ‘lobed, sometimes \ wit th
i
a
Scot stamens exserted : m it E. en, about
3.5
IN-MAPLE. - —Damp
woods, Blue Ridge and pd ocn dad
inees, Ga. to Man. and Newf.—Spr m
sum.—The Ende is soft, and li p
A. pennsylvanicum L. Shrub tree,
a over 11 m. tall, the bark relatively
smooth, loupitudinally striped: leaf-blades
824 ACERACEAE
sometimes broader than long, 1-3 dm. broad, deep-green, Mes 3 nearly erect
acuminate lobes, sometimes with 2 additional lobes, finely or doubly ds.
glabrous above, finely pubescent beneath, rounded or Pa: ordate at Eos bas
racemes relatively few-flowered: pedicels cee spreadin > pet cau
pale-green or yellowish-green, obovate, slightly acu iN ru elliptic sepals:
stamens included: fruit pa P beu 3.5—5.5 em. broad, glabrous, the wings
h din angle of about 120 degr ees.— (MOOSE =
MOUNTAIN-ALDER. STRIP ee OOD. STRIPED- ces —Rocky woods, Blue
Ridge and more norther a provinces, Ga. to Ont. and N. S.—Spr.—The heart-
wood resembles that of A. spicatum
2. SACCHARODENDRON Nieuwl. Trees or shrubs. Leaf-blades 3-5-
ed. Flowers in terminal umbels, somewhat p appearing with the
leaves, andromonoecious, long- Lp Calyx campanu late, the lobes mostly
shorter than the tube. Petals none. Stamens exserted: anthers Mc ah or
oval. cian mostly oe un the style.—About 6 species, North A
can.—MaAp AcERS.—The sap of some of the species, partiontaniy of
A nigrum a 8. barbatum, is rich in sugar—the source of maple sugar.
eue
£5
4
£5
Leaf-blades glabrous or sparingly pubescent and glaucous beneath.
Leaf-blades with 3-5 acute or acuminate, often toothed lobes. 1. S. barbatum.
Leaf-blades with 3 blunt few-toothed lobes 2. S. floridaum.
Leaf-blades dn. A onen. not ET
Leaf-blades green eath: campanulate : samaras green. 3. S. nigrum.
Leaf-blades greenish, tinged ith red beneath: calyx hemi-
spheric: samaras red. 4, S. leucoderme.
1. S. barbatum (Michx.) Nieuwl. Tree sometimes 40 m. tall, the bark usu-
ally RUE 2 coarse seales at maturity, the twigs red- brown: leaf- blades
firm tly with 5 sinuate-toothed lobes,
8-15 bn in diameter, deep- green above, pale
or Lis beneath, with an open shallow
sin flower- “clusters yellowish Breen: calyx
aak ate, about sepals d
tuse: samaras slightly ere dae 3. 5—4 c
ng. sh. A. Pur
batum Michx.] — (SUGAR-MAPLE. HARD-
MAPLE. ROCK-MAPLE. SUGAR-TREE. ) —Rich
woods, rocky slopes, and stream-banks, vari-
ous provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to
Tex, Man. and Newf.—S r.—The light-
brown heart wood is elose-grained, tough,
hard, and strong.—Acer saccharum Marsh. is
eue a See of A. saccharinum L.
pod
o
r3
ce
Q
3
e
&
Q
©
e
&
=
3
^
. S. floridanum (Chapm.) Nieuwl. Tree rarely over 18 m. tall, the bar
rather close, but rough in age, chalky-white: leaf-blades E broader than
long, 5-6 em. broad, with 3-5 blunt undulate lobes about as long as the body,
deep-green above, n end more or less pubescent beneath, truncate and
shallowly cordate at the base: flower- ioris yellowish: pedicels sparingly
pubescent at least oo the fruit mature d on campanulate, 1-1.5 mm. long:
samaras green, 1.5-2 em. long, spa unl. pu bescent near the em ee ‘rather
widely spreading. [Acer s saccharinum floridanum Chapm A floridanum
Pax]-——(HAMMOCK-MAPLE.)—Rich woods, bluffs, and hammo ocks, Coastal Plain
and rarely adj. i aa Fla. to La. and S. C. Naturalized in N. C. Reported
from Va.—Wint.-spr.
3. S. nigrum (Michx. f.) Small. Tree sometimes 30 m. tall, the bark dark,
ee flaky, the twigs light orange-brown: leaf-blades a broader than
ACERACEAE 825
more or less downy bene ath, w 3—5 entire or ORR Eo sa ; basal
ih closed by the overlapping pres ex campanulate, a . long;
sepals rounded: samaras 3-4 cm. long, slightly spreading. m. nigrum
Michx. f.]—-(BLACK-MAPLE.)—Woods, open slopes, and fields, various provinces,
Ga. to La., Minn., Ont., and N. H.—Spr.—The ood is nearly similar to that of
um.
4, S. leucoderme (Small) Nieuwl. Shrub, or tree reaching a height of 8 m
the bark smooth, white: leaf-blades br oader than n long, or rarely orbieular in
outline, mostly 4-lobed, sometimes imperfectly 5-lobed, 4-9 cm. in diameter,
cordate or truncate, with a rather open and shallow sinus, dark-green, glabrous
and e ith light nerves above, greenish, tinge with r a D
t r acumi-
nerv
n (the Fourth o r fifth when present, e a or the a one only
lyx 2 l
with 2 obtuse teeth: a pup yellow: calyx 2 mm. long: samaras red;
wings elliptic-spatulate, 1-2 e ong, red, conspicuous, parallel or nearly so.
[A. leucoderme Small ]-— (CH Buca MAPLE.)— — Ro eky river-banks, woods, and cliffs,
inner edge of Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Ga. to , Ark. and N. O.—Spr.—
The heart-wood is very close-grained and hard. The Bu is often erooked.
3. ARGENTACER Small Trees. Leaf-blades mostly 3-lobed. Flowers
in dense lateral clusters, subtended by an imbricate d very precocious,
appearing long before the leaves, androdioecious, sessile nearly s
various, that of the staminate flowers narrow and page that of the pistil-
la te short and broad, the lobes dn ~ the tube. Petals wanting or
inute. Stamens long exserted: anther
elipsoid.. dd longer than the csi
One spec NS
1. A.s um (L.) Small Tree rarely lf M E
36 m. tall, p bark flaky at maturity, gray, 1
or that of the twigs reddish-brown: leaf-
blades about as long as broad, 10—15 em.
d with 3-5 prominent incised lobes |
onger than the body, silky when young, *
a abrate, bright-green above, glaucous or ^
silvery-white beneath, truncate or cordate
yellowish :
at :
A pied 5-6 em. long, tomentose, or glab-
e at ma grt d at length, widely
d ading. [Acer dasycarpum Ehrh.]—(Sir.-
VER-MAPLE. W mno MAPLE. SOFT-MAPLE. =
Woods, ue and alluvial soil, various provinces, N Fla. to La., Okl
N. B.—Wint.- —Spr.— —The pale-brown heart-wood is Excmi
and PT [uy brittle.
4. RUFACER Small Trees. Leaf-blades coarsely toothed or 3-5-lobed.
Flowers in dense lateral clusters subtended by an imbricate involucre, appear-
ing long before the leaves; androdioecious, short-pedicelled. Calyx of usually
9 distinct or nearly distinct sepals. Petals somewhat smaller than the sepals.
Stamens, in the staminate flowers, exserted: anthers oval. — longer than
the style.—About 6 species, North Ameriean.—MAPLES. ACE l
xb ood or glabrate beneath: samaras less than 4 cm. long: wings rather
sprea
Leaf- blades. prominently and sharply lobed, the lobes prominently a
maras mostly less than 3 cm. long. 1. R.rubru
826 ACERACEAE
Leaf-blades mostly shallowly 3-lobed, the lobes shallowly
toothed : samaras mostly over 3 cm. long. 2. R. carolinianum.
Leaf-blades copicusly woolly beneath : samaras over 4 cm. long: .
wings tending to converge. 3. R. Drummondii.
1. R. rubrum (L.) Small Tree sometimes 35 m. tall, the bark dark-gray and
fissured on the usd smooth and pale or white-gray on the branches: leaf-
peice com re S than long, dee
green above, pal glaucous beneath,
ene shallowly y “lobed, us evenly ser-
rate, cordate e base: flower-clusters red
or ye silowis h: p nearly distinct: petals
narrower than the iiam $: samara-wings com-
monly red.—(RED-MAPLE. SWAMP-MAPLE.
WATER-MAPLE. Bai. MAPLE.) — Woods
and swamps, various Ens Fla. to Tex.,
Man. and N. B.—Whint.-spr.— The heart-
wood is a by very heavy.
2. R. carolinianum o s Tree
resembling R. rubrum, but ally smaller,
the bark of the trunk pa ale. Me leaf-blades
as long as broad, or longer, mostly shallow
3-lobed, but sometimes merely toothed, dark-green above, one beneath, unevenly
serrate, rounded or subcordate at the base : flower-clusters red or yello wish: sepals
nearly distinct: DL about as broad P the sepals: E ara-wings usually diverg-
ing at less than 45 degrees.—(CAROLINA-MAPLE D-M -
rump Ld ist, often acid, soil, _ Coastal Plain and occasionally adj. provinces
S Fla., to iu Mo., and N. J.— —spr.—The wood is nearly similar to that
of R. rubru
. Drummondii (Hook. & Arn.) Small. Tree reaching a height of 2
m.,
the pu pale or tans rough on the trunk: leaf-blades thick, mostly bro eee
than long, 8—15 br road or sometimes smaller, coarsely "and irregularly
toothed, den above, white and wool beneath, rounded or cordate at
the base: flower-clusters r pals nearly distinct, elliptic or slightly nar-
rowed upward: petals nearly like the sep only maras o
e ; tending to converge.—(RED-M )—River swamps,
The wood is nearly similar to that of the two preceding species.
N Ray] Ludwig-Boehmer. Trees. Leaf-blades pinnately
encoun’. Flowers dioecious, the staminate in lateral clusters, long-pedi-
celled; the pistillate in lateral racemes.
Sepals 5, partly united. Petals wanting.
Stamens exserted: anthers linear, minutely
appendaged at the tip. Stigmas much
longer than the style-—Three or four species,
North American.
1. N. pet laa (L.) Karst, Tree becoming
. flowers greenish, drooping: samaras 2.5—3.
em. lon RA E ELDER. ASH-LEAVED T
ATER H.)— ow woods and stream-bank
various pam Fla. to Tex., Man., Ont., and Me MN —The whitish ue
wood, close-grained, but soft, is made into wooden-ware and cheap furnitu
SAPINDACEAE 827
Famity 12. SAPINDACEAE — SOAPBERRY FAMILY
Shrubs, trees, or vines. ming alternate in our species: blades simple
or pinn e. sometimes d1-foliate. Flowers dioecious, polygamous, or
polygamo- dioecious, or one perfect, borne in racemes, panicles, or
cor : xo or - sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 F or wanting.
isk sometimes gland-bearing. A ecium mostly of more stamens.
Gynoecium o more or less united Er s. Fruit COEUNT or baceate.
—About 125 genera and over 1,000 spec
Vines: fruit bladdery. Tribe I. CARDIOSPERMEAE.
Shrubs or trees: fruit not inflated
Fruit baccate, not stipitate Tribe II. SAPINDEAE.
Fruit capsular, loculicidal, stipitate. Tribe III. CUPANIEAE.
I. CARD ugs i:
Climbers with tendrils and nales or woody stems: cap-
sule inflated, with 1 seed in each c vites 1. CARDIOSPERMUM.
II. SAPINDEAE
Petals appendaged, longer than the calyx.
Fruit lobed, d earpels nearly distinct : petals with short
claw-like bas 2. SAPINDUS.
ee oR lobed, "the carpels united: petals with long claw-
3. TALISIA.
Petals Bropocn ded about as long as the calyx.
Ovary 2-celled : leaflets 2, 4 or 6: calyx persistent, 4. EXOTHEA.
Ovary 3-celled: leaflets 3: calyx deciduo D. HYPELATE.
IIT. CUPANIEAE
Shrub or tree: leaflets with toothed blades 6. CUPANIA.
1. CARDIOSPERMUM L. Herbaceous or woody vines. Leaves alter-
nate: blades biternate or decompound. Flowers polygamo-dioeeious, irregular.
Sepals 4. Petals 4, unequal, white. Disk one-sided, with 2 glands opposite
the lower petals. Stamens 8. Capsules bladdery. Raving 15 species, of the
warmer parts of America.—BALLOON-VINES. HEART-SE
Capsule subglobose, obovoid, globose-obovoid, or oval, slightly longer than wide, not -
angled : blades of the leaflets rather large and acute or acumin
Outer sepals gla e aen about 5 mm. in diameter, the aril R leaflets
glabro alicacabum. -
Outer Sepa. e de seed about 3.5 m a diameter,
the aril heart-shaped: leaflets finely R 2. C. keyense.
Capsule obpyramidal and lobed, wider than long: ‘blades of the
leaflets small, usually decidedly acuminate. 3. C. microcarpum.
1. C. Halicacabum L. Twigs Es or doi i pubeseent: blades of the
leaflets pu to ovate, acute to imate, coarsely serrate and incised,
x Sb
about as wide as long, 3. en em. in diame-
ter, short-stipitate.— (HEART-PEA .) —Waste-
plaees and cult. gro wem ection provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Kans., and "Del. Pi ds of trop.
—(W. L., um. or
all year S —The root is s medicinal.
2. C. keyense Small. Twigs closely and
nd pale Hs d blades of the leaflets
ess
Bes or ou serrate, acute to some-
what acuminate, copi iously fine-pubescent :
828 SAPINDACEAE
calyx od to that of C. Halicacabum, but outer E pubescent: petals
3.0—4 mm. long: capsule subglobose to oval, 3-3.5 cm. in diameter, m P
| faa wide, rather long-stipitate. — Hammocks, Florida Keys.—All
C. ocarpum H.B.K. Twigs glabrous or obscurely fine-pubescent:
blades of the leaflets lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, decidedly acuminate, incised
S
. Fla. ini the Ke eys, and S Tex.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—A1l year.
2. SAPINDUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades
pinnate. ps polygamous, i pid Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 or 5, ap-
pendaged, white or greenish. Stam 8-10. Baccate fruit not elongate,
lobed.—A bout 10 species, American = Asiatic.—Wint.-spr.—The fruits con-
tain saponin.
eaf-rachis Mu dius blades of the leaflets obtuse, at least not ean ede petals
short-cla . S. Saponaria.
Leaf rachis wingless : blades of the leaflets acuminate: petals
g-clawed. 2. S. marginatus.
i aponaria L. Shrub, or nid becoming 10 m. tall: leaflets 4—7; blades
elliptie, ial or obovate, 3-12 em. long; af-rachis winged: mature carpels
globose, mm. in diam [e SOAP
. FALSE-DOGWOOD.)—Hammocks, pen.
Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S.
A.)—All year.—The light- -brown heart-
wood is elose-grained, hard, and heavy.
2. S. marginatus Willd. Tree 10-15 m. tall,
the twigs and inflorescence pubescent: leaf-
lets 7—13; blades Sd to Vin perdat
] 15 long: leaf-rach argined
abov ve: petere er globose, 10-15 m mm. in
diameter. — (WILD-CHINA. SOAPBERRY.) —
Hammocks, near the coas la., Ga. and S
. Adv. elsewhere.—Spr. —The light- ae
Sid is close- grained, heavy, an
ong, being easily split it is used for making light frames and baskets.—S.
dues Mes Radlk. seems to be a form of this species.
3. TALISIA Aubl. Shrubs ees. Leaves alternate, the rachis wing-
less: blades pinnate, the leaflet- vd pu inequilateral. Flowers polygamo-
dioecious, regular. Sepals 5. Petals 5, ap- í
pendage tamens 5-7, or usually 8. , Bac-
cate fruit somewhat elongate, not lobed.—
t 33 species, all but the following ex-
icd South American.
1. T. pedicellaris Radlk. Small tree with
Ee Rd leaflets 4-6; blades a
to elliptic-ov 5-9 cm. long, acu
short-pet tioled : ue small the bra eee
pubescent: petals ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
-5 mm. long n o
ovoid or ellipsoid, 1.5-2 em. long, papil-
n E hammock, Miami, Fla—(S
4.)—
SAPINDACEAE 829
. EXOTHEA Macfadyen. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate ; blades
equally pinnate. Flowers mostly ci irregular. Sepals 5. Petals 5,
unappendaged, short-clawed. Sta ns
mostly 8. Buceo fruit not lobed. on
. E. deri D dp Radlk. Tree or
shrub: leaflets rarely 6; blades
m.
shaped: sepals 3-4 mm. long: petals ri
smaller than the sepals: fruit subglobose, 10—
13 mm. in diameter, orange turning purple.
—(Inkwoop. IRONWOOD. UT H.)
—Hammocks, pen. Fla. a the S
( The light-brown heart m elose-
W. 1.)—
grained, heavy and very hard, is used for
cabinet work, boat- -building, and gem
articles. The trees flower in wint. and s -
Has been carried far up the Me ud d on kitehenmiddens by birds.
9. HYPELATE P. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades 3-
foliate. Flowers be dioecious. Sepals 5. Petals 5, unappendaged,
elawless. Stamens 8-10. Baccate fruit not
obed.—One specie,
trifoliata S Tree: leaflets 3;
blades spatulate to narr rowly obovate, 2.5—
4.5 em. long: petals white, suborbicular, 1-
i id, 5—7 mm. lon
ruit ovoid, 5 long
black. — (WHITE-IRONWOOD.) — cks,
Flori Keys.—(W. The dark-bro
: Be eke Brad Iesu and ve j
6. CUPANIA a L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades pin-
nate. Flowers polygamo- dioecious, regular. Sepals 4 or 5, rarely 3 or 6.
aged, or
i (f
wanting. Stamens 8, or 5, 6, 10, or 12. AA |
Bp ede 2—4- ZEE —About 32 species, tropi- i aM
cal Amer (3
HE
; 1 ree: leaflets 6-12; ee
c E with a euneate base, 6-11 em y
enate or crenate-serrate above the
n m
SUM S
cuneate-flabellate, 2-2.5 lon 28 green,
: y E
pr.—Thi one of
about a century ago on the Florida Keys,
and up to several vee ago thought to be TTE in our range.
830 FRANGULACEAE
OrpER RHAMNALES — RuaAMNAL ORDER
Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves LL dia alternate. Flowers regular,
sometimes imperfect or incomplete. Calyx present. Corolla present or
wanting. Androecium of as many stamens as gu are sepals. Gynoe-
cium of 2 or more united carpels. Ovary superior or nearly so. Fruit
a capsule or a berry, or drupaceous.
PR EDE petals involute or wanting: fruit capsusety DE p ike, or drupa-
FR ANGULACEAE,
Sepals EN or obsolete: petals valvate: fruit baccate. Fam.2. VIT
Fauixy 1. FRANGULACEAE — BuckTrHORN FAMILY
Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaf-blades T p innately veined. Flow
ers perfect or polygamous, or sometimes pae Calyx of 4 or 5 Papals-
Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, or wanting. An d cn of 4 or 5 stamens oppo-
site the petals. ne of 2 or 3 united carpels. Fruit capsular,
berry-like, or drupace sometimes separating into nutlets—About 50
genera and 600 oe “of temperate and tropical regions
Fruit wingles
Fruit dr apaceous: pulpy, with a 1-4-celled stone. Tribe I. ZIZYPHEAE.
Fruit dr ry. or berry-like, with 2-4 separate nutlets. Tribe II. RH EE
Fruit winge Tribe III. GOUANIEA
I. ZIZYPHEAE
Petals wanting
Sepals er eei 1. E RUNS
Sepals not crested. 2. REYNOSIA
Petals present.
Petals hooded and clawed, broadly rounded at the apex. 3. ZIZYPHUS.
Pe involute, sessile, obtuse or acute. 4. BERCHEMIA.
II. RHAMNEAE
Fruit pulpy.
Hypanthium flattish : disk conspicuous. 9. SAGERETIA.
UM cup-like : disk inconspicuous, lining the hypan-
ium 6. RHAMNUS.
Fruit dry
Sep als inflexed : petals on slender c 7. CEANOTHUS.
Sepals Lee petals sessile, fwolutely folded over the
filaments 8. COLUBRINA.
III. GOUANIEAE
Vine with tendril-like twigs. 9. GOUANIA.
1. KRUGIODENDRON Urban. Shrubs or trees. Leaves nearly oppo-
te: blades entire. Flowers perfect, green. Sepals 5, crested within. Petals
wanting. Stamens 5: filaments longer than
the anthers. Drupe apieulate.—One species.
1. K. ferreum (Vahl) Urban. Shrub, or
small tree 9 m. tall, the bark ridged: leaf-
blades ovate or T 3-6 em. long: sepals
ate: drupe mm.
long, black. [Rhamnidiwm ferreum dios.
.] — (BLACK-IRONWOOD.) — Hammocks,
lower E coast of Fla. pu ar Keys, end
Florida Keys.—(W.. I. )—Spr.— ange-
brown heart-wood, hard and oe x dee is
used locally for cabinet-work. The geo-
graphic range of this species is not as wide
as its relative the darling-plum, for it has
not yet been found on the lower western coast of Fla.
FRANGULACEAE 831
2. REYNOSIA Griseb. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades entire.
Flowers perfect, green. Sepals 5, crestless. Petals wanting. Stamens 5:
filaments longer than the ie Drupe
apieulate.—About 9 species, West ‘Tadian.
1. R. septentrionalis Urban. Shrub, or
t tall, the bark scaly: leaf-blades
elliptic, varying to ovate or obovate: sepals
i blac ck.— (RE oop. DARLING-
"E
The fruit is edible L The dark- BO oum
wood, close-grained and very hard, is used
lo ocally for cabinet-wor k The fruits are
pleasantly flavored.
3. ZIZYPHUS Juss. Shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades three-ribbed, en-
tire, or sometimes shallowly toothed. Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, keeled within.
etals 5, hood-like. Stamens 5, opposite the
etals. fleshy, edib
celled stone. About 40 species, most abun-
dant in the Old World tropics
1. Z. Zizyphus (L.) Karst. Shrub or small
tree, with glabrous branchlets: leaf-blades
b e i
o -25 mm. long, red or nearly
ack.— (J UJUBE-TREE. ) "es i and road-
sides. Coastal Plain, Ala. to La. Nat. of Eu. and cult.—Spr.—The fruit is
edible.
4. BERCHEMIA Neck. Shrubs or vines. Leaves alternate: blades many-
ribbed. Flowers perfect or polygamous. Sepals 5, flat. Petals 5, involute,
sessile. Stamens 5, often shorter than the
petals. Drupe somewhat flattened, slightly N
longer than thick.—About 10 species, the
1. B. scandens (Hill) Trelease. SIDE
elimber with wide-spreading branches leaf
bla iptie, or i j
o lanceolate, A i ;
dulate-erenate: sepals longer than the hy-
panthium: petals prd s ERAN
about as long as the s e Re ellipsoid
or ovoid-ellipsoid, 6-8 m ong.
bilis DC.]—( SUPPLE- es onm )
832 FRANGULACEAE
—Swamps and low hammocks, Coastal Plain, and occasionally adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Va. —Spr.
5. SAGERETIA Brongn. Shrubs with diffuse branches. Leaves opposite
or nearly so: blades of firm-texture, pon d toothed. Flowers perfect. Sepals
5, keeled within. Petals 5, concave, shor
clawed. Stamens 5, about as long as the No N
petals. jos dou an 3 leathery -A SE NH
nutlets.—About 10 species, mostly Asiatic. | ENS SA >
S. minutiflora (Michx.) Trelease. Pubes-
cent, spinescent shrub: leaf-blades ovate or
em. long: c :
iori. da about t % as long as the
oa Au ad Mie tae oe ded mm. in
diam CB N.)—Ca leareous Tod
mack nd bluffs, " Coastal Plain, Fla. 3o Mis
and N. C.—Spr. —The flowers are ui
fragrant.
6. RHAMNUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades
entire or toothed, many-ribbed. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, green.
Sepals 4 or 5, keeled within. Petals 4 or 5, commonly concave, clawless, shorter
than the sepals, or wanting. Stamens 4 or 5, included: anthers acute. Drupe
berry-like, not lobed, with 3 or 4 nutlets.—About 90 species, of warm and tem-
perate regions.—Spr.— BUCKTHORNS.
Fi owers usually dioecious: nutlet deeply grooved on the back ; rapis dorsal: coty-
ledons leaf-like. . lanceolata.
Flowers perfect: nutlet not grooved; raphe lateral: cotyledons
thick. 2. R. caroliniana.
1. R. lanceolata Pursh. Shrub 1-2 m. tall: do deer Su ae elliptie-
lanceolate or sometimes oval, 2.5—9 cm. Jong: calyx about . broad: petals
u
in diameter.—River-banks and dnd
hillsides, various provinees, rarely Coastal
Plain, Ala. to Tex., Ia., and Pa.
a R. os Walt. Shrub, or tree be-
ming tal: leaf- blades elliptie or
slightly o e 5-12 em. long: calyx about
ELLOW- . POLE
CAT-TREE.)——Shaded banks and hillsides,
ae in ealeareous soils, dr reru
Fla B i ns, and Va.— e bark is
medici The light pn own qe is
de ue light but rather hard.
7. CEANOTHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades usually
toothed, commonly 3-ribbed. Flowers perfect, white. Sepals 5, keelless.
Petals 5, longer than the sepals, clawed, the blades hooded. Stamens 5, ex-
FRANGULACEAE 833
serted: anthers emarginate. dicia m separating into 3 earpels.—A bout 55
speeies, North American.—RED-RO
enr odes toothed, membranous or nearly so.
xis shrubs: leaves deciduous,
peduncle elongate. .
Leaves 3—10 e long: corolla about 5 mm. wide. 1. C. americanus.
Leaves 1-3 c long: .corolla about 4 mm. wide. 2. C. intermedius.
Common peduncle 'abbrevi ated.
Twigs and branches viscid. -puberulent : lower surface
of ‘the leaf-blades glabrous or with few scattered 9
airs. 3. C. ovatus!
Twigs and branches copiously pubescent : lower sur-
face of the leaf-blades closely and permanently
ent.
Pus ubese 4. C. pubes
w dec nibent habi leaves 5-10 mm. long, persistent. 5. C. serpyllifolius.
E pere fleshy. 6. C. microphyllus.
. C. americanus L. Shrub 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate
or a orbicular-ovate, p serrate: sepals about 1.5 mm. long: petals
about 2 mm. long: fru m broad. ,
OO Naw JERSEY EA aor. RED-
K.)—Dry woods and hillsides, various
P Fla. to an., and Me.—
Spr.-sum.—The lea aves were used as a t ea
T titute in colonial times. The root is
sed medicinally.
2. C. intermedius Pursh. Shrub 3-10 dm
tall: ieat blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, or
eel D eu Mas sepals d
mm. pet about 1.5 mm. long:
fn 1 mu bubo O Rep D-ROOT. a
lands and woods, Coastal d and occa-
sionally adj. provinces, Fla. to La. , Tenn.,
and Ga.—Spr.
3. C. ovatus Desf. Shrub 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades thinnish, elliptic, oval, or
ovate, 1.5-6 em. long, somewhat veiny: sepals ovate, about 1. 5 mm. long: petals
about 2 mm. long.—Sandy woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. Minn., Vt.,
a.—Spr.
C. pubescens (T. & G.) Rydb. Shrub similar to C. ovatus in habit: leaf-
blades relatively thick, ee to narrowly elliptic, usually prominently
veined: sepals deltoid, about 1 . long: petals about 2 mm. long. —Dry soil,
various provinces, rarely Coastal Pl Plain, Ga. to Tex., Mich. and Va.—Spr.
5. C. serpyllifolius Nutt. Shrub with di ffuse or decumbent, very slender or
n Eis. leaf- e E ovate-elliptie, Serrulate strigose be-
ath: sepals mostly 1 ong a tuse: pe etals about 1.5 mm. long.—
Pinelands Coastal Plain, "Fla. and s uin —Rare
6. C. microphyllus Michx. Plant 3-6 dm. tall, diffuse: leaf-blades suborbicu-
lar, oval, or i ie, P: mm. long: sepals acute or abru uptly mane Pos etals
abou t 1.5m mm. lon S brown: fruit depressed, 4-5 mm. wide. y pine-
lands and PRU. eu Plain, Fla., Ala., and Ga. —Spr.
"^T
à L. C. Rich. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades
nine or toothed, Somer tes 3-nerved at the base. Flowers perfect. Sepals 5,
spreading, often keeled. Petals 5, folded around the stamens, clawless. Sta-
53
834 FRANGULACEAE
mens 5: anthers notched. Drupe slightly 3-lobed, the carpels To at least
at the top.—About 15 species, with one exception tropical Am —Fall-spr.
or all year.—The bark of some species is used as a substitute = dons
Leaf-blades rather evenly pinnately veined: seeds shining, black. I. AMERICANAE.
Leaf-blades 3-ribbed from the base: seeds gray, dull. II, ASIATICAE.
AMER
I. CANAE.
Leaf-blades mostly of an ovate type, Sane seemless reticulate, nor copiously
pubescent all /ove
Drape 4-6 mm. in “diameter pedicel abruptly due into the Lire Jeaf-
blades glabrate, at most not rusty tomentos . C. reclinata.
n 8-10 mm. in diameter: pedicel gradually dilated into
e hypanthium : le af-blades rusty-tomentose beneath. 2. C. Colubrina.
peated: oss of an er pad Le prominently fine reticulate,
and copiously pubescent all o . C. cubensis.
II. ASIATICAE.
A diffuse shrub, the dark-green leaf-blades shining. 4. C. asiatica.
C. reclinata (L’Her.) Brongn. Shrub or small tree becoming 20 m. ta ll,
with esae. e leaf-blades ovate- = or rarely oval or Pond 3 -$
cm. long: sepals about 2 mm. long: pet
din 1.5 mm. long, yellow or greeni ie
yellow: drupe slender- pd seated on
OD. Fla.
and Florida Keys s.—(W. I.)—The dark-
brown heart-wo od is elose grained, heavy,
and hard.
2. C. i deed i acq.) Millsp. Shrub or
tree, y-tomentose twigs: le
blades ouis. ptic, or mod bd c.
late, 5—15 g: als abo
y
tinged: drupe stout-pedicelled, par
n in the deep hypanthiu Gi Pann, )—Hammocks, Everglade Keys,
a. and Florida Keys.—(W. [1 )
3. C.cubensis (Jacq.) Brongn. Shrub or small tree, n closely fine-pubescent
twigs: oe blades elliptic, mostly 4-9 cm. long, prominently ribbe d: sepals
nearly 1.5 mm. long: petals about 1 mm. long: dr dim slender-pedielle ed, im-
mersed in or 2 nearly or quite to the middle.—Hamm s, Everglade
Keys, Fla.—(W es —Rarely occurs as a woody vine climbing high into trees.
4. C. asiatica (L.) Brongn. Shrub with weak, diffuse or prostrate p
and udin ess = eae erect and t tree like leaf-blades ovate Nn id
long, nate metimes acute, crenate-serrate, glabrous, dark-gre d
shining above tr n or bus at pad base, Se enu on pee
2 ong: petals nearly as long as sepals, greenish: drupe subglobose,
7— 10 mm. in diameter.—Hammocks and mos S pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat.
of Asia.
9. GOUANIA Jacq. Shrubs or vines. Leaves alternate: blades broad.
Flowers polygamous, the inflorescence-branches often tendril-bearing. Sepals
VITACEAE
835
9, spreading. Petals 5, clawed, the blades
scoop-like. Stamens 5, each surrounded by
a petal. a E like, 3-winged, sep-
arating into earpels.—About 40 "d
widely numer in the tropies.
. G. lupuloides (L.) Urban. Climber
leaf-blades oval or n de varying to ovate,
3-— s em. ds spikes 6-15 em. long: petals e
1 j ze
M
À
j
Y
e
Uu
ZR
o
g
~
[e]
m
c5
zz
qe)
P
4
C3
m
Un
=.
o
lari
N
WD
\
[G. domingensis L.]—(CHEW- =s
STICK.) —Hammocks, Fla. and th SS
Keys.—(W. I., Mex S. A.)—The ISS
wW = is used for uis nu teeth.—Spr.- eT
FaAwxiLY 2. VITACEAE — Grape FAMILY
Vines, sometimes bushy or tree-like, usually with tendrils.
alternate, or the lower ones opposite: blad zt e or compound.
Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, in ped or elongate
yx of 4 or 5 sepals, or obsolete. Corot of 4 or 5, often
caducous, petals, or wanting. roecium of stamens np A the
etals. Gynoecium of usually 2 anited ae Fruit a berry.—About 10
genera and 500 species, widely distributed.
Hypogynous disk present, either annular, cup-shaped, or glandular: leaf-blades sim-
le or ternately compound.
Petals cohering into a cap, caducous, never separating.
Bark shreddy: pith interrupted by diaphragms at the
nodes: tendrils forkin
Leaves
g. 1. VITIS.
uos not QUE : pith continuous through the nodes:
ndrils 2. MUSCADINIA.
Petals ‘distinct, e ng.
Floral envelo asd mostly in 4's: disk 4-lobed: plant-
e fles 3. CISSUS.
Floral denn Sn. in 95's: disk entire or nearly
so: tissues not fles 4. AMPELOPSIS.
Hypogynous disk wanting or boise leaf-blades digitately
5-7-foliolate. . PARTHENOCISSUS.
1. VITIS [Tourn.] L. Woody vines. Leaf-blades palmately lobed, angled
or es toothed.
Flowers in elongate racemes or panicles, green. alyx
tals cohering. Berry juicy, mostly edible. Seed pyriform.—About
0 species, wae distributed in warm and temperate regions.—Spr.—GRAPES.
—Some species have been cultivated in many varieties from very ancient times,
for the fruit. Some of our native species are represented in many hybrids which
are grown commercially for their fruits.
minute.
Leaf- ae one and glabrous beneath at maturity, or merely cobwebby about the
r in their axils.
Leaf-blades Tobed.” toothed, or sometimes angled or shal-
n.
Es 1. V. rupestris.
Elongate, trailing or climbing vine
Shoots terete, glabrous or early becoming so: leaf- .
blades usually lustrous abov 2. V. cordifolia.
Shoots angled, pubescent throughout the year
af-blades not lustrous on either side. 3. V. Baileyana.
Leaf-blades prominently lobed.
perm and SES of the leaf-blades acute: berries
4. V. vulpina.
836 VITACEAE
Lo s of leaf-blades acuminate: sinuses obtuse: ber-
ries destitute of any bloom 5. V. palmata.
Leaf-blades at maturity densel woolly, or glaucous and
To coba DDS do culcat benea
urface of leaf-blades very a aeons: and pale,
Habiate. the veins tawny pubescent. 6. V. bicolor.
owe ipee of leaf-blades more or less woolly or cob-
Leaf-blades cobwebby or flocculent beneath at ma-
ri
Mouse foliage Es P white-tomentose :
leaf-blades gray-cobwebby 7. V. cinerea.
Young ee ferrugineous- abe cone at least on
the he un i n blades.
Berry 12 m n diameter. 8. Y. Linsecomii.
pem
Twigs and p tomentose : panicle-
branches felty-flocculent, at least dune
anthesis.
Twigs, and often petioles, glabrous or
2 s E d panicle-branches not felty-
oe
. V. rufotomentosa.
ft
©
n
floe . V. aestivalis.
ee feltlike or densely tomentose beneath at
1Ly.
cadells, or flower-clusters, intermittent, usually
ird node without tendril or inflor-
escence.
aan des densel tomentose with white
hairs: berries less than 12 mm. in diameter. 11. V.coriacea.
cd ub Ense tomentose with rusty or
ny 12. V. Simpsonii.
Tendrils “continuous, usually every node with a ten-
dril, or inflorescence. 13. V. Labrusca.
V. rupestris ap Stems 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades commonly broader than
, reniform ovate-reniform, 4—10 em. in diameter, coarsely toothed and
rarely slight = pe someti mes somewhat
irregularly, lobed, and with an abrupt tip at
e apex, mostly lustrous eui glabrous or
sparingly pubeseent eins beneath,
somewhat B eum on pr sides: ios
cles 2-10 em. long, slender, not den
berry subglobose, 7—14 mm. in dia meter
UGAR-G GRAPE.) -
River- d: n nd hillsides, various e Se
N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Tex., Mo., Pa.
and Va.
2. M cordifolia Lam. p blades thin,
an onl
aul
oO
©
"d
R
-H
fa)
©
B
1
"o
B
Q3
fe
ct
E
oc
x
S
Sus
Bed
commo
ovate in outline, rarely 3-lo bed or 3-angled
near the apex, rather coars sely and eed ed glabrous or sometim
sparingly pubescent beneath when iiu g, or less deeply cordate at the
base (persistent and lustrous in V. ordifolia. sempervirens) panicles 1-3 dm.
long, commonly drooping: berry g Ios , 8-10 mm. in meter, black under
a slight bloom, pleasantly acid, persis stent.— (FRosT- s pops )—
Woods, thickets, and stream- panks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Wis.,
and N. Y.
3. V. Baileyana Munson. le blades thinnish but firm, ovate or orbicular-
ovate, 5-10 em. long, glabrous and somewhat rugose above in age or pubescent
nerves boo toothed po en entire or angularly 3-lobed near the
1 |
on the
dn inen at the base: panicles 8—13 cm. long, Suet d berry globose, oe
meter, black, ora of piece: or nearly so.—Woods and mountai
eee, Blue Ridge and "Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala. and W. Va.
VITACEAE 837
4. V. vulpina L. Leaf-blades ps E longer than broad, 5-20
broad, mostly sharply 3-lobed and coarsely and ao ia glabrate o or
p on and about = prs beneath, cordate arly t t the
acu anicles 6-20 em. lon E ees much
m. in n diameter, very a with a copious oom
RO APE.)—Rocky banks and along
streams, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss., Colo., Man
N. B., and Md.
palmata Vahl. Leaf-blades thin, iui 3-5-lobed and very coarsely
ous on both sides
at the Dos icles slender:
berry subglobose, 7-10 mm. in diameter, Black destitute of any bloo m.—(RED-
GRAPE. CAT-GRAPE.)—Sandy banks and rocky. places, various provinces, Tenn.
to La., Tex., and In d.
, glabrous above
e veins poca pubescent, Pn
ng, commonly lo un
BLUE-GR WIN GRAPE. )—Ro
river-banks, various provinces, N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Mo o. N. H., and
N. C.
m V. cinerea Engelm. Leaf-blades m pud longer than broad
in diameter, shallowly ERA oe in
3 ES near the apex, co webby a
or less did pube
a e : panieles 1.5-3 dm
in diam ous. Ow
Sw WINTER-GRAPE.)—-Woods and stream-banks, various provinces,
Fla. i Tex., "Nebr. and Ill.
V. Linsecomii Buckl. Leaf-blades firm, as long as broad or a little longer
ed, eordate, piii d ouai den nsely cobw ebby or
abrate beneath Saar iq eneath, except the rusty veins, in F. Li
it lactea s 5-10 ong: ber rry S abe gee mostly 12- 20 mm. in
, black bn the bloom, pleasantly tasted.—Dry oaklands, various
provine ces, Tenn. to La., Tex., Mo.
9. V. dq. Smal Leaf-blades suborbieular to nis E 10-
el closely tomen-
the panicles: berry black, with little or no bloom, often 5-6 mm. idiom
(WILD-GRAPE.)—Hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
10. V. aestivalis oe Leaf-blades varying from oo. than long to longer
than broad, 1-3 dm. in diameter, angularly or es
toothed, dull- -green a and p^ abrate above, more or
co a
aes stringen ue
PE -GRAPE. ME and rocky Ed various provinces, Fla.
Tex., Kans., N.
838 VITACEAE
1. V.coriacea Shuttlw. Leaf-blades reniform to suborbicular in outline, 3-10
e
ordate: panicles 5-12 cm. long: berry subgl obose, less than 12 mm. in diam-
eter, e acid.—Hammocks, pen. Fla.—(W. I. )
12. V. Simpsonii Munson. Leaf-blades suborbieular in outline, 5—18 cm. broad,
prominently or mostly deeply 3—5-lobed, and shallowly toothed, ped above,
sa or less o o or rusty-tomentose beneath, cordate: pani 5—10
m. long, usually compact: berry commonly 15 mm. in diam Black, mostly
d wie ——BSandy soil, especially in scrub and on shell mounds, pen. Fla
V. Labrusca L. Leaf-blades thickish, suborbicular to broadly ~ mostly
longer An ien moro toothed or scalloped, otherwise entire, or 3-lobed
ar the , glabrate above, densely ne a or felty icd a.
5-12 em a pi Je id simple: berry globose, 1.5-2 cm. in diameter, amber
o purple with a sli s bloom, the skin and tough pulp sweet and musky, or
esr ngent.— (FOxX-GRAPE. PLUM-GRAPE. )—Thiekets and woods, various prov-
ces, D ouch. and Vt.
2. MUSCADINIA Small Vines. Leaf-blades angled or coarsely toot ane
Flowers in racemes or panicles, green. Oalyx minute. Petals cohering. Berri
rather juicy, ultimately edible.—T'wo species.—SCUPPERNONGS.
uos = 5-2.5 cm. in diameter; the skin and pulp tough, the latter musky: seed
ong. 1. M.rotundifolia.
Berries L ‘1.5 em. in e the skin and pulp tender, the
latter acid: seed 3-5 mm. long. 2. M. Munsoniana.
1. M. rotundifolia ( ere ee Leaf-blades firm or leathery, suborbicular
to ovate-orbicular, 4— meter or larger, usually acuminate, coarsely
aay: E abrous, pe nig EM and some-
eath, cor rdate: berry
EDS "dull e. without nn n
musky pulp, t iud o Rn E
CADINE. SOUTHERN RAP "Sci
NONG. )—Thickets S wamps, p reed ‘and
hammocks, various provinces, see a. to Tex.,
Kans., and Del.—(Mez.)—Spr.-sum.
M. Munsoniana (Simpson) Small. Leaf-
blades thinnish, but rather firm, suborbicular
or reniform, 4— 8 em. Dodd coarsely toothed,
eet except the axils of the us be-
neath, rnc cordate at the base: berry
globose, 1-1.5 em. in diameter, nearly d
na
pulp tender, acid: seed 3-5 mm. long pe itis peltata Raf.|— (BULLACE-
E.)— —Hammocks and serub, Fla. and Ga.—(W. I.) m fall, or all year S.
3. CISSUS L. Fleshy vines. Leaf-blades simple or 3-foliolate. Flowers
in small cymes, green. Petals spreading. Berry inedible.—About 225 species,
tropieal.—Spr.-sum. or all year S.—POSSUM-GRAPE.
Leaf-blades 3-foliolate, the leaflets coarsely toothed.
Flowers in trichotomous cymes: berry thickest above the middle.
1. C. incisa.
lo E in compound umbel-like cymes: berry thickest below
middle. 2. C. trifoliata.
3. C.
Leaf-blades simple, distantly serrate. sra yo ides:
VITACEAE 839
green, very fleshy, 3-10 e NP ioe
met lobed, the lateral ones 2-
all more or less cuneately ed the
( - n Tp nd h
various provinces, Fla., den the "Florida
Keys, to Tex., Kans., an nd "M. —Sum
2. C. trifoliata L. Plant pd leaf-
blades 3- foliolate; leaflets 1—3 cm. long, sub-
orbicular varyin g to ovate or eae often
flabellate: berry globose-ovoid or d,
abruptly pointed, 5-7 . in diameter, dark
purple. [C. acida L.]—(SoRREL-VINE.)—
Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I. Mes., C. A.,
S. A.) —Sum.
3. C. sicyoides L. t pubeseent: leaf-blades ovate or e -ovate, 2-8 c
long, acute or often acuminate: berry subglobose, about 1 n diameter black
—The inflorescence is often infected by a dar i Ustilago Cissi. which t
in the flowers into cigar- we bodies.—Hammoeks, S pen. Fla. p d
Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Spr fall or all year r S.
4, AMPELOPSIS Michx. Woody vines. Leaf-blades simple or bi ipin-
nate; flowers in flat cymes, green. Petals ore Berry inedible —About
15 species, of temperate and tropical regiou
Leaf-blades simple: ovary not surpassing the disk but nearly MS from it.
COE scarcely lobed: petals DES about 2.5 mm. long. . A. cordata.
Cal prominently lobed: p als broadly ovate or sub-
ieular, about 1.5 mm. long. 2. A. heterophylla.
Leaf-blades bipinnate: ovary nasa the disk, the latter
ostly adnate it. 3. A. arborea.
ordata Michx. Leaf-blades ovate or triangular-ovate, 4-12 c ong,
shallowly serrate, long-petioled: 5s eae i 6-8 mm. in donde Ino
or greenish-blue. [Cissus Ampelopsis Per
l River. bauke and woods, eae provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Va.
A. heterophylla Sieb. & Zuce. Leaf-
blades Ao co Na ovate, or deltoid in outline,
3-8 em. long, crenate, short petioled: style
Sonde. berry light-blue or white, dark-
spotted.—Cult. grounds, various provinces,
Ga. to N. C. and locally elsewhere. Nat. of
E. Asia and cult.—Sum.-fall.
3. A. arborea (L) mae Leaf-blades bi-
pinnate, 1-2 dm. long; leaflets several or
many, the blades. Pn often broadly so or
cuneate-obovate, 1-3 cm. long, ele
toothed, incised, or lobed: ae iud in diameter, ripis und n
stans Pers.]—(PEPPER-VINE.)— RM low thick ets and swamp oastal
> CH. ds
Plain and E adj. a Fla. to Tex. Mo., "e va
M ez.) —Spr.-fall.
. 840 TILIACEAE
| ARTHENOCISSUS Planch. Vines, the tendrils often disk bearing.
D digitately compound. Flowers in compound cymes, green. Petals
spreading. Berry inedible.—About 10 species, North American and Asiatic.—
VIRGINIA-CREEPERS. "WOODBINES. AMERICAN-IVIES.
Twigs, tendrils, and leaves pubescent. 1. P. hir
Twigs, tendrils, and leaves glabrous. 2. P. EPE olla:
1. P. hirsuta (Donn.) Small. Leaflets 5; blades oval, elliptic, or ovate, a
or short-acuminate, end toothed above’ the middle, all except the anal
one: berry 7-8 mm. in diameter, dark-blue,
ien a slight bloom, slightly ‘pulpy: seed 5
m. long, glossy, notch ed a top, with a
conspicuous b e Rods plaees,
va pro s, Ga. to Tex.—(Me a. )—
— 777 he u^
P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Leaflet
5; blades usually thinnish, oval or elliptic,
the lateral ones inequilateral, coarsely ser-
rate above the middle with rather appressed
teeth: 1
long, prominently rugose,
mostly rather - dull, with an orbieular de pM
IRGINIA-CREEPER. WOODBINE. os à
Ivy.)—Woods, oo sand-dunes, id Tanne) various provinces, Fla.
Tex., Man., and Que.—(W. I., Mez.)—Spr. or all year S.—The bark is me
‘medicinally.
Orper MALVALES — MALVAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple,
often lobed and toothed. Flowers mostly perfect, regular and involucrate.
Calyx of distinct or partially united sepals. Corolla of distinct petals.
Androecium of numerous monadelphous or grouped stamens. Gynoecium
of several distinct or united carpels. Fruit capsular, follicular, berry-like,
or nut-like.
Stamens numerous (in our genera).
Stamens distinct or in several groups: anthers 2-celled.
Fam. 1. TILI ae
Stamens monadelphous: anthers 1-celled. Fam. 2. MALVA TU
Stamens as many as the sepals. Fam. 3. Boat A
Faminy 1. TILIACEAE — LINDEN FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, or rarely herbs. cr mostly alternate: blades
simple. Flowers usually perfect. Cal or 5 sepals. Corolla of 4
or 5 petals which sometimes bear a petaloid scale at the base. Androecium
of usually n stamens, sometimes of as und or pe as many
the sepals. Gyn m of 2-several united carpels. Fruit capsular, nut-
like, or eae ie. iir cee t 35 genera and 275 CI widely distributed.
pen T pedicels without & conspicuous bract: filaments not forked: fruit
Petals ‘inserted with the stamens: capsule often silique-like. 1. CORCHORUS.
Petals inserted below the Perm at the base of an elevated
receptacle: capsule subglobo . TRIUMFETTA.
TILIACEAE 841
Peduncles each with a conspicuous adnate bract: filaments forked:
fruit nut-like. 3. TILIA.
1. CORCHORUS [Tourn.] L. Herbs or small shrubs. Leaf-blades serrate.
Sepals 5, or rarely 4, unappendaged at the tip. Petals 5 or isi 4, naked at
the dus, larger than the sepals, yellow. Anther-sacs contiguous. Ovary elon
gate. Ovules numerous. Capsule many-seeded.—About 40 ee mostly tropi-
cal UTES. JEW'S-MALLOWS.—The fibrous bark of some species form at least
part of the jute of commerce.
Capsule long (4 c re) and narrow, neither angled nor winged: pc es
without basal apeendiaes: the teeth not bristle-tipped : pe about 1 mm
etals of a spatulate type, often linear-spatulate:
with a single beak. 1. C. orinocensis.
Petals of an obo vate type, often rhombic-obovate: capsule
with 4 o n MT — 2. C. siliquosus.
leaf-blades with a Dott of basal bristle tipped ae the
teeth bristle-tipped : seed much less than 1 mm. lon 3. C. acutangulus.
1. C. orinocensis H. B. K. Lm ee sparingly branched: leaf-blades ovate,
elliptic, or lanceolate, 2-6 c ong, acute or acutish, crenate-serrate, short-
to narrowly linear-lanceolate, 5—6.5 es
or rarely Is spatulate, mostly Lard io 00
- eapsule slender, A Tp)
long, subulate Patr finely pubescent.— N ie
Ham S, waste-places, and roadsides, dA SN
Coastal um and southwestern provinces,
la. to Tex. ae ri (W
S. 4.)—A1l yea
2. C. siliquosus L. Stem often end
much-branched: leaf-blades ovate, oval-
ovate, or elliptie-lanceolate, mostly 1-3 em.
long, sometimes longer, mostly aeute, ser-
etioled: -
sepals nearly linear, 6-8 . ; - ;
e: petals Pu EE 4.5-5.5 mm. long: nee slender, 5-8 em. long,
4-beaked at the truncate apex, obscurely pubes —Hammocks, roadsides,
and cult. ade S Fla.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. 4. pu ie
C. acutangulus Stem finely pubescent, 1 m. tall or less, widely
od leaf- blades elliptic. ins ovate, or rue -ovate, 2.5-7.5 em. long,
acute or acutish, crenate-serrate, slender-petioled: flower-clusters nearly sessile:
ate, 4-5 mm
te 4—4.5 mm. 1 :
long: bci stout, 1-2 cm. long, the angles pid each with 5 spreading or
of E. L—(. I.,
2. TRIUMFETTA [Plum.] L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades mostly
toothed and lobed. Sepals 5, often appendaged at the tip. Petals 5, each with
a pit at the base, often shorter than the sepals, yellow, or rarely wanting.
Anther-saes contiguous. vary globular. vules few. Capsules few-seeded.—
About 70 species, of warm and tropical regions.—BURWEED.
Twigs hirsute: pci ae glabrous or with scattered hairs: the prickles as long
as its diameter 1. T. semitriloba.
nger
Twigs softly Pups eit: capsule-body einereous-tomentulose: the .
priekles shorter than its diamet 2. T. Bartramia.
849 TILIACEAE
1. T. semitriloba Jacq. Plants stellate-tomentose, 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades
ovate, rhombie, or pens rbicular, serrate, c DN or 3-lobed, 3-8 em. long:
sepals linear long, or longer:
petals euneate-spatulate or linear-spatulate:
eapsule-bo prs Es diameter, der
nearly truneate at the base; VEMM edid
than the blades: panics id ongated,
interrupted: sepals linear or “nearly i
m. ] g:
The Tn wields’ a fiber similar to jute. l
2. T. Bartramia L. Plants pubescent,
fully 2 m. tall or less, usually widely
branched : leaf-blades r Pn N suborbicu- :
In M
l
wur i
p spatulate, nun shorter than the sepals: eapsule-body
2.0-3.5 m n diameter, RUE prickled-armed.—Cult. grounds, waste-places,
and roadsides E Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.—(W. I.)—Spr.—fall.
3. TILIA L.1 Trees with roundish stoutish branchlets without terminal
buds, the large acute axillary buds covered with numerous imbricate scales.
Leaves deciduous: blades long-petioled, cordate, truncate, or cuneate at bas se,
generally more or less a mucronate-crenate: stipules caducous. Flowers
in axillary or terminal cymes or corymbs, the peduncle more or less adnate to a
reticulate bract. Sepals 5, distinct, alternate with the five white or yellow
petals opposite each one of which in our species, stands a spatulate staminodium
or ipe “like scale. Stam s borne in clusters of five on the receptacle: fila-
ments united at bas dp o o the staminodia, forked near apex, each
branch ps aring an extrorse es -sac. Ovary pu 5-celled: stigmas 5.
Fruit woody, nut-like, sometimes ribbed, 1-celled, 1- o eded, globose or sub-
globose.—About 65 species, in the Northern Hemisphe E —early Sum.—
Basswoops. LINDENS.—The wood is soft, light, pale, and straight- ix
and the inner bark is fibrous. The flowers are fragrant. and yield fine honey,
and are used medicinally. The European-lime, Tilia europaea L., without
staminodia in the flowers, is often planted, and yields lime-flower oil used as
a perfume. e leaves are variable in shape and pubescence, marked differ-
ences sometimes being found on the same tree. Leaves from suckers and new
shoots are not so serviceable in identification as those on flowering branches.
Done pubescent beneath at maturity.
when present, all stellate and closels appressed.
"Leatt pu with brown or rusty DOCTI beneath.
blades obliquely cordate at the
Bracts mostly gradually narrowed to a peduncle
above the base. 1. T. neglecta.
xri mo abruptly narrowed to or nearly
he base of the peduncle. 2. T. caroliniana,
Leaf-blades ebiquely truncate at the base.
acts 1-1.5 ¢ wide, 3. T. porracea.
Bracts over 1. D e wide. 4. T. georgiana.
DEAE UIROE i with white, p s or silvery-gray pubes-
a), nce beneath. . (Sometimes brown in No.
1 Contributed by Benjamin Franklin Bush.
TILIACEAE 843
Bracts mostly gradually narrowed to the pe-
duncle above the base.
Sepals pubescent on the outside, with short,
felt-like hairs. 5. T. Michauz.
Sepals nearly E PRONS outside, with few
seale-like hai 6. T. truncata.
Braets E abruptly narrowed to the base
e pedu
Leaf-blades gray or silvery-gray beneath. T. T. heterophylla.
Leaf-blades white beneath, 8. T. eburnea.
oe on branchlets, pedune! es, hd pedicels long and
adin 9. T. lasioclada.
Leaf-blades glabrous beneath at maturity.
Bracts more or less pubescent at anih esia:
Bract 0.5-2 em. wide. 10. T. littoralis.
11. T. glabra.
Bract 3-4 cm. PRYS
Bracts glabrous at anthesis.
Leaves not glaucous beneath: cymes loosely few-fiow-
ere
Leaves "glaucous beneath: cymes compactly many-
Bract 1.5-2 cm. wide: stmainodia erose. 13. T. floridana.
Bract 3-4 em. wide: staminodia entire. 14. T. australis.
l. T. neglecta Spach. Tall tree, with deeply furrowed and scaly reddish-
brown bark, often pendulous branches, ers slender glabrous branchlets: leaf-
blades thick, aeute or abruptly acumina
12. T. leucocarpa.
d se, coarsely mucronate-crenate,
dark-green, smooth and lustrous a
ered below, except the mi
with hort persistent pubescence i w i
conspicuous axillary tufts, 10—15
-12 e de: flowers 5-15 to Mun in
long-brane glabro ymes:
slender, glabrous, the free portion 3—4
lon et narrow, long-attenuate to
base, d ur he apex, glabrous, 7-11
em. wide: als
ovate, cilia T z labrous without, pilose with
long white eh within, half as lon ng as the
lanceolate petals. [ T. ameri d "Mar Not
L.]—Rie dion ground, iea Po eons provinces, farely Coastal Plain,
N.O. to N Miss 4 N. Y., Que., and W Mas
T. caroliniana Mill. Large tree, with slender reddish eripi = ae
ovate, 7-11 em. long, abruptly long- pointed, oblique, truncate, orda
base, coarsely mucronate-crenate with bro ad gland- tipped teeth, . coated bo
with a rusty or pale detaching stellate pubescence, at first hoa B mento t
pper surface glabrous, dark and lustrous at maturity n 8—15 together in
small, stout-branched, pubescent cymes: nele slender, pubescent, the
portion 2-3.3 em. long : bee linear-elliptic, 10-12 em. long, sessile or nearly so,
becoming glabrous or glabrate: sepals ciliate, brown and pubescent without,
earing long white hairs within. [T a ied Ait. T. ar Ashe ata
Ashe]|—Woods, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C.; o W La. to S Ark., and
rather generally in Tex. to the Edwards Platan.
3. T. i tag Ashe. Tree: leaf blades on flowering ped elliptic-ovate,
8-10 e Pape taper- cde about twice as long as broad, cuneate at base or
a. on one side, onate-crenate with gland- tipped teeth, dull blue-green
above, pale grayish green below, the early appressed s traight pubescence de-
a s by flowering t a little easily detached faseicled pubescence re-
nus ; corym ines pi | pubescent; peduncle slender, pubescent, the
tee portion 2-3.5 em. long; bract linear-elliptie or lingulate, often falcate,
finally o. 4-8 < em, long, n narrowed to the rounded sessile base: sepals
844 TILIACEAE
pubescent without, long silky withim at the base, three-fourths as long as the
elliptie, obtuse petals, not longer than the staminodia -—Hammocks, Okaloosa
, Fla.
T. georgiana Sarg. Small tree, with Le slender ipu at first pale-
Eure escent and rusty, ultimately red-bro and glabrous: f-blades ovate,
abruptly du Marie oblique, or PUn at P ee mucronate-
erenate, reddish and tomentose when unfoldin ing, ultimately dark yellow-green
and scabrate aoe and gue below ET ick pale or oer ht tomentum,
or glabrous in autumn, conspicuously Mice uuu flowers 10—15 together
in pubescent compact corymbs: peduncle slender, densely pubescens ves free
portion 2.5—4 em. long: pap linear-elliptic to spatulate, pubescent or becoming
nearly glabrous, 6.5—-10 cm. long: sepals ovate, half 2 long as the HEATER A
aeuminate petals EH Coastal Plain, C Fla. to S. C.
. Michauxii Nutt. "Tree similar to T. heterophylla, but the leaf-blades
ax r eru
glabrescent, the free portion 3.5-5 cm. long: bract oblanceolate to spatulate,
pape linear-elliptie, 9-12 cm. long: sepals icu and ciliate without,
mentose within: petals ix —Wo a various provinces, though rarely
Coastal Plain or higher mountains, Ga. to Miss., Ark, Mo., S I, and S N. Y.
T. truncata Spaeh. Large tree, with stout glabrous S which are
brighi red the first season and later bro own, the bark BE e runk furrowed and
aly: le
af-blades ovate or ovate- d or triangul noa b acumi-
i obliquely cordate at the base, deeply c erencte -Serr T bey -green and
lustrous above, hoary-tomentose below 10—18 cm. long, 8— . wide: flo Pio
n in glabrous cymes: peduncl Ei euge. the E Sodos 3.5—4 c
ong: braet elliptie, obtuse, glabrous, 5-7 cm. "Jong: sepals ovate, P
pubescent outside, silky inside, half as long as the lanceolate petals. [T.
cinerea Raf. T. monticola LE ]—W ooded hills, Blue Ridge to Appalachian
d V
7. T. heterophylla Vent. Large tree, with slender, glabrous reddish or yel-
lowish-brown branchlets: leaf-blades ov ate, gradually narrowed to the acumi-
nate apex, obliquely truncate or slightly cordate at base, pubescent above at
unfolding but at maturity dark-green and Mores ous above, with the lower sur-
face covered with thiek firmly attached pale (sometimes brown) tomentum, a
vein-axils with rusty tufts, m oo erenate with gland-tipped teeth, 8-12 c
long; flowers 10- Ko: toge ethe in pubescent more or less corymbs; peduncle
glabrous, the free portion ve ally 3-4 em. long, or sometimes less: bract
Pipe ud ta to oblanceolate or spatulate, unsymmetrically cuneate at base,
finally glabrous, 10.5- o» hee long: eed pale-pubescent without, villous within:
petals lanceolate [T. a ÁAshe]—W ooded oi various Po EE
rarely Coastal Plain or noe pomi. N Fla. to S Ind. and W.
. eburnea Ashe. Tall tree, m dark gray-brown furrowed ae on the
tru nk and smooth silver-gray bark on the branches, the twigs stout, 5-6 mm.
thick, soft, glabrous, occasionally uL glaucous, ace of the Hoe season
right-green, brown, or red-brown, becoming gray the P es year, the buds
large and glaucou 8: e bledes ovate or round-ovate, 8—14 c m. ‘long, abruptly
acuminate, os cordate or truncate at the base, shar rply m mueronate- -crenate,
thick, dar uu Be and gla abrous above, densely pubescent opp cd ith soft
ivo ry-w white hair s whi ch are Sometimes deciduous by autumn: br Bee linear-
elliptic or a 10—20 em. long, or Mar shorter, go curd above,
often pubescent beneath, neatly sessile: ovary o brown- -pubescent. —Rich
soil and cool glens, various provinces, N W Fla. to N. C., in Coastal Plain
only in the former State.
TILIACEAE 845
T. lasioclada Sarg. Large tree, becoming 20 m. tall: leaf-blades thick,
9.
ovate, 10-15 em. long, abruptly acuminate finely mucronate- -erenate with gland-
re
small, branched cymes shorter than the bra act, the branches with long spreading
hairs, the frec portion 2.5—3 cm. long; bract linear-elliptie to spatulate, abruptly
it . Ld .
p to a short pure sepals acute, pubescen ose within,
bout one-third as long the lanceolate acuminate petals, about the sa
length as the staminodia.—Rich soil, Coastal Plain and Pie ut Fla. to -
o far as k vannah Rive
Distinct from all other American species in its long and eni diea hairs on "the
a veins of the leaves, and the peduncle and branches of the in-
floresce
10. T. littoralis Sarg. Tree, the branchlets A reddish or purplish and
abro
pale- Mig the first season, M de gl and light gray-grown: leaf-
blad vate, 8-12 cm. long, 8-1 m. wide, BD. short-pointed, unsymmet-
NE rounded on one side at , and cuneate at the other, finely serrate, at
fi tomentose, so us and n glaucous beneath, pale yellow-green
above, only the vein-axils bearing conspicuous rusty tufts: flowers 9-15 together
small e act pubescent cymes: peduncle somewhat pubescent, the free por-
tion 2-2 1. lo et oblanceolate, 5-17.5 em. : g, bro ut the
ciliate S and E midrib beneath: sepals pale-pubescent without,
villose on margins and w ong white hairs within: petals acuminate.—
Coast and Be: Islands of Ga.
T. glabra Vent. Tall tree, ieu, stout, red, gd: tely glabrous branchlets:
m blades broadly ovate, 10— 18 c . long, 10- 15 c . wide, abruptly acuminate,
vith
gland-tipped teeth, at first coated wit mentum brous, dark
yellow-green above, pale beneath, the vein-axils without axillary tufts: fl 8
10-15 together in broad, slender-branch rly us peduncle
stout, glabrous, red, the free portion 2.5-4 e ong: bract elliptic to obovate,
gradually sa to ae base, 8-16 cm. long: sepals a shorter than the
lanceolate peta [T.v osa Sarg. T. fulva Raf.]—Co upland woods, Blue
Ridge and i 00. provinces, N. C. to Tenn., and E Ky.
12. T. leucocarpa Ashe. Small tree, with pale furrowed bark, narrow crown,
and rather slender, glabrous ; orange or red-brown branchlets: the winter-buds
dull-red, ovoid: leaf-blades thin, ree a ovate, 10-15 em. long, 8-10 em. wide,
ru etrically cordat t t
abruptly inte nsymm date or trunca , coarsely
mucronate-crenate with glandular teeth, on unfold g dark-red and sparsely
pubescent, soon glabrous or wit all axillary tufts in the vein-axils beneath
dark-gree ve, pale and lustrous beneat wers usually 10-12, or some-
times as m gether in long-branched pubescent cymes: peduncle
glabrous: braet linear-lingular, sometimes broa y-lingular, 8- e long,
usually 1.5 , or occasionally . broad, nearly sessile sepals acute,
rusty-tomentose without, brous within. [T. nu oods, Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to Tex. S E Okla., and S W Ark k.—Closely
similar to T. americana L., of the northern States, differing chiefly in its
densely tomentose pedicels.
13. T. floridana Small. Small tree, with furrowed bark and slender red- pis
or yellowish glabrous branchlets: leaf- blades broadly ovate, 6-12 em.
5-10 em. wide, acuminate at apex, truncate or cordate at the uns R
base, or variously oblique, coarsely mucronate-crenate with rather large teeth,
the mucro exceedingly long, reddish and tomentose in unfolding, but at maturity
846 MALVACEAE
dark and glabrous above, p below, or Me with a Vobis bloom,
vase tufted in rey -axils: cymes compact, few-flowered: peduncle
pubescent, the free por n 2-4 em. long, pea ec hoary- “tomentose: bract linear-
elliptic to nearly spa a. often faleáte, glabrous, 8-16 em. long, dois nar-
row: sepals hoary-tomentose without, two-thirds as long as dis lanceolate petals.
[T. crenoserrata Sarg. labamensis o ich woods, various provinces,
us r in the higher mountains, W Fla. to Tex., S E Okla., Ky., and W N. C.
—(Menz.)
14. T. australis Small. Tree DoE 20 m. tall: leaf-blades ur 2
0 a I te-m
portion em. li often 4 em. broad,
E glaucous 2d glabrous beneath: sepals about t ree-fifths as DE
the ls: staminodia pid -spatulate.—W ooded hillsides, Blue Ridge t
Xon un provinees, Ala. to N. C.
Famity 2. MALVACEAE — Marrow FAMILY
Herbs, ie or trees. Leaves alternate: blades simple, palmately
veined. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 5 d or less united valvate sepals.
S
stamens. Gynoecium of several united, “ofte n whorled, carpels. ruit
capsular or sometimes baccate About 45 genera and 900 species, widely
distribu ted.
Fruit of cL radially Ed carpels whieh separate from each other at
ma
Carpels. a many as there are stigmas: staminal-column anther-bearing at the
mit.
Stigma is short, capitate or truncate. Tribe I. SIDEAE.
Stigmas elongate, usually filiform, introrse. Tribe II, MALVEAE.
Carpels one half as many a s there are stigmas: staminal-
inm an ather bearin ng on CN upper part, but not at
e lobed. or truncate summ
Fruit Ps "Cloculicidal capsule or rael indehiscent.
I. SIDEAE
Tribe IIT. URENEAE.
Tribe IV. HIBISCEAE.
Seeds 2-several uu each carpel.
Involucel wanting.
Carpels leathery or oe Eee not bladdery. 1. ABUTILON.
Carpels D bladder 2. GAYOIDES.
i1nvolucel of 3 bra 3. MODIOLA.
Seeds solitary in each carpel.
Involucel of 2 2 ut ? bractlets. 4. MALVASTRUM.
Involucel wanti 5. SIDA.
I.
Petals ed at the apex: carpels beakless, without inter-
6. MALVA.
nal proc
Petals eoo Pat the apex: carpels beaked, with an internal
process above the seed. 1. CALLIRRHOE.
III. URENEAE
Carpels dry, achene-like.
Involucel unt inflorescence capitate. 8. MALACHRA.
faxo ee ee cU bractlets: inflorescence axillary or
Involucel “of 2 partially united bractlets: carpels
spiny all ov 9. URENA.
Involucel = 5-15 T a carpels unarmed
h 1-3 spin e back.
Mature eem spi Mcd 10. PAVONIA.
Mature carpels M DIRcloss. E sometimes cuspidate. 11. MALACHE.
Carpels o a drupelike berry, but separating at
maturi 12. MALVAVISCUS.
MALVACEAE 847
HIBISCEAE
Styles en A. Spreading: seeds usually reniform
Cap as long E broad or much longer, "tie cavities
many-s
Bractlets of "the ‘involucel dis
Calyx not bladdery, bc unis the base of the
capsule. persistent or deciduous.
eB cup-like, persistent, nearly equally 5-
13. HIBISCUS.
Calyx spathe-like, split on one side and decidu-
ous about the base 14. ABELMOSCHUS.
ere bladdery-inflated, scarious and conspicuously
ned. 15. TRIONUM.
Br ace of the involucel united into a lobed cup. 16. PARITI.
Capsule much oe e oe 1-seeded. 17. KOSTELETZKYA.
Styles united: seed not re
Bractlets of the invotueels enire rather inconspicuous.
“Se n wholly ted or nearly so: capsule inde-
18. THESPESIA.
Se epals e m united at the base: capsule loculicidal. 19. CIENFUEGOSIA.
Bractlets.of the involucels laciniate, conspicuous. 20. GOSSYPIUM
ABUTILON [Tourn.] Mill Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Leaf-
T de toothed, or lobed. Involueel wanting. Sepals 5, he below
Petals 5, often yellow. Carpels 5-30, beaked at maturity.—About 100 species:
mostly in ird regions.— INDIAN-MALLOWS.—The bark yields a CUN The
y
plants, especially the flowers, are mucilaginous.
caves a Rud more: fruit hirsute at the top: mature carpels short-beaked or merely
ate.
Plant npud petals yellow. 1. A. Abutilon.
Plant perennial: p. pink, salmon-pink, or red, or yellow
above a purple
Petals yellow apoE purple base: mature carpels less
than 15 mm. long: seed merely minutely ae 2. A. hirtum.
Petals pink, salmon-pink or red: carpels mostly o
. long; seed hirsute. 3. A. pauciflorum.
Carpels 10 o or fewer: fruit finely pubescent or puberulent at the
top: mature carpels slender-beaked. . A. permolle.,
1. A. Abutilon (L.) n sby. Stem 3-18 dm. tall, velvety-pubescent: leaf-
blades a to ovate or reniform- orbicular, 9- 30 em. long: calyx-lobes
ruptly pointe 5
LEAF.)—Roadsi sides, ve grounds, : = waste-
places, various provinces, Fla. to pes
and Me. Nat. of Asia c (W. I. y
A. hirtum Sweet. sd < 3.5 dm
a ety-canescent, and what villou
hirsute: leaf -blades pa pn suborbicular,
2-15 em. long: Po ins acute or acumi-
nate: petals 15-20 mm. long: carpels 8—10
mm. long. Coastal er pen. Fla. and the
Keys.—(F. I., E. I.)—All year.
*e
7
e
4
os trm
? O us o»
savecerapa T
A
HOLT ITE anma
Hi
5
. pauciflorum St. Hil. Stem 9-40 dm :
a hirsute: p blades AN. to suborbieular, 5-8 em. long: calyx-lobes
acuminate: petals 20-25 . long: earpels 15-17 mm. long. [A. pedunculare
H.B. 2: prasides pinelands, and a Aros -places, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—
(W. I., S. A.)—A1 yea
4. A. permolle (Willd.) Sweet. Stem 5-16 dm. tall, velvety-tomentose:
leaf-blades ovate, 2.5-10 cm. long: petals yellow, 10-15 mm. long: carpels
848 MALVACEAE
11-12 mm. long.—(INDIAN-MALLOW. em hammocks cult. grounds, and
roadsides, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—All yea
. GAYOIDES Small. Herbs, sometimes vine-like. Leaf-blades com-
mois toothed. Involucel wanting. Pd 5, united below. Petals 5, usually
yellow. Carpels numerous, beakless at m
turity.—One species.
G. crispum (L.)
branehes 3-9 dm. long: CUBE ovate,
5 em. long, mostly acute or rather
ealyx-lobes rather abruptly poin a id
ee l led at th mmit.—Pinelands,
mmocks, waste- D ud cult. grounds,
inces, Tex. to Ariz.— . L, d.
S. A.)—All —G ber T
) has merely velvety desea pe
It seems othe to be the s
s G. cris-
pum and occupies the same ea sien
3. MODIOLA Moeneh. Herbs. Leaf-blades palmately lobed or divided.
Involucel present. Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5, entire. Carpels many,
transversely 2-celled, beaked at maturity, ih
faees smooth or merely wrinkled.—One spe-
1
1. M. caroliniana (L.) G. Don. Branches
d ais or eee 1-7 dm. long: leaf-
ades em
grounds, waste e-places, and roads ides, o
Plain and O a J. Po s, Fla.
Tex. and Va.—(W. I., ec: c
Sum.—The petals are Caner orange.
4. MALVASTRUM A. Gray. Herbs or partly woody plants. Leaf-
blades entire, lobed, or parted. Involucel of distinct bractlets, or wanting.
Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5, variously colored. Carpels 5 or aa
1-celled, m or beakless.—About 75 sepecies, American and Afric
FALSE-MALLOW
Plant a n : 1. M. angustum.
Plant Seren ial:
Flowers EUM. in the axils or in terminal inter-
rupte M spikes or spikelike racemes:
stri igos
Mature a beakless, sometimes with a mere
protuberance behind the apex. 2. M. corchorifolium.
Mature carpels with a subulate beak behind the
apex. 3. M. coromandelianum.
Flowers in congested terminal and axillary spikes:
stem hirsute. 4. M. spicatum.
MALVACEAE 849
M. angustum A. Gray. Stem 1-3 dm. tall; leaf-blades elliptic-lanceolate
to linear-elliptie, 2-4 em. long, remotely serrate: calyx-lobes broadly triangular:
petals yellow, about equalling the calyx-
lobes: carpels 5 or 6, pubesce (Y
FALSE-MALLOW.)—Dry soil = rocky hills,
various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala.
to Kans., Ia., and T
2. M. corchorifolium (Desr.) Britton.
3-9 dm. tal; leaf-blades ovate to
elliptic-lanceolate, 2-6 m. g, arsely
se -lobes triangular-ovate, acumi-
nate: petals orange- nell e hispidu-
lous, [M. Eugelü 8.
te-places, aad cult. sem pen.
and the Keys.—(W. I.)
8. M. coromandelianum (L.) Garcke. Stem i f
3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades orbicular-ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2-8 em. bur —
serrate: pleas rw le petals light-yellow: carpels hirsute on
top. [M. L. r.]—Hamm eck, amar cult. grounds and
Male i Coastal "Plain, Fla. "to Tex.—(W. I , €. A., 8. A., O. W.)
4. M. spicatum (L.) A. Gray. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to
deltoid-ovate, 3—8 cm. long, pem icd Or aad slightly lobed: calyx
densely pubescent; lobes triangular-lanceolate, 3-4 m long: petals oran ê;
i arpels 3 mm. long, the tip inflexed —Sandy soil, Coastal
Plain, Fla. an
5. SIDA I. Herbs or eia woody plants. Leaf-blades usually
toothed. Involuce] usually wanting. Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5
pale, often yellow. Carpels 5 * many, l-celled, commonly singly or doubly
beaked.—About 100 species, widely distributed—The bark of some species
yields a strong fiber
Leaf-blades palmately lobed: corolla white: calyx terete at the base
PSEUDO-NAPAFA.
af-blades merely oe corolla colored : calyx angled.—
Subgenus MALVIN
Flowers or flower-clusters in leafy involucres at the
.— Subgenus
I. HERMAPHRODITAE.
ends of the branches. II. CILIARES.
Flowers or flower-clusters axillary or sometimes in
terminal panicles. III. SPINOSAE.
I. HERMAPHRODITAE
Tall perennial: lobes of the leaf-blades toothed. 1. S. hermaphrodita.
II. CILIA
Diffuse perennial, somewhat resembling a ec in
na it: flower-clusters leafy-involucrate. 2. S. ciliaris.
III. SPINOSAE
tems or branches decumbent or prostrate 3. S. procumbens.
Stems erect or ascendin
f-blades cordate. 4. S. cordifolia.
Leaf-blades acute, rounded, or truncate at the base.
Leaf-blades ovate to cuneate or lanceola
Ma aes rec ls
e
hose arising from the stem, much
longer than the pedicels. 5. S. rhombifolia.
Mature carpels with 2 teeth each: peduncles
Shorter than the pedicels or only slightly
850 MALVACEAE
dee with petioles less than 1 cm.
6. S. ee
ste caves with petioles over 1 cm. long. T. S.S
Leaf-blades linear or linear-elliptic.
-blades and calyx with red margins.
eon f-blades of a ici linear type: ma-
.ture earpels 4-5 m high. 8. S. Elliott,
Leaf-blades broader: Pane carpels 3—4 mm.
high. 9. S. rubromarginata.
Leaf-blades and calyx with green margins, not
discolored. 10. S. leptophylla.
S. hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby. Plant erect, 9-40 dm. tall: leaf-blades
anc ald 3—7-lobed : calyx-lobes triangular: pet tals white: mature carpels 6—7
ong. [ IRGINIA-
ve w.)—River-banks and rocky slopes, i
ward provinces N e Coastal Plain, Tenn.
to Ohio, Pa., and Va.— Sum.
arisL. Plant with diffuse branches
1—4 em. long, serrate: calyx-lobes trian
E pent dre ie: ple: mature carpels
, 2-2.5 mm. long.— —Hammod : and open
places, Florida Keys and —(W. I.
Mez., C. A., 8. A.)—AIl yea
3. S. procumbens Sw. Plant with tomen-
tose Miner a dm. long: tare d
orbieular to ova e, 1-2.5 em. long, e
calyx- obe Pid fae met nares ie a 4-6 mm. long: mature carpels
often 5, about 2 mm. long, puberulent. [S. supina L’Her. i nonse and
waste-places, Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. 4.) —AM yea
4. S. cordifolia L. Plant 6—15 dm. tall, the stem and branches velvety-
tomentose: leaf-blades ovate or suborbieular, 4—10 em. long, irregularly ere-
nate: calyx-lobes triangular: petals tawny-yellow, 57 mm. ong | mature car-
pels often 10-12, about 3 mm. long, retrorse- DH ia —Pinelands, hammocks,
waste-places, and roadsides, pen. Fla. and the Keys; Lan Gulf seaports.—
Nat. of trop. Am. (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—A1l yea
S. rhombifolia L. Plant 5—12 dm. tall, the branches pen or gla-
brate: leaf-blades rhombic, elliptic-o obovate, or oblanceolate, 1.5-8 long,
serrate: calyx-lobes triangular: petals ge Seid Or sometim mes ier Dd
at the e: mature carpels 10—12, abou ong.—Roadsides and waste-
places Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. ‘and N. C Spr. -fall or all year S.
et
c
£5
in
S. carpinifolia L. f. Plant 3-9 dm. tall the branches dai d or
Redes leaf-blades laneeolate, oblong-ovate, or ovate, 2—10 em. long, irregu-
larly eed e -lobes triangular: petals yellow to white: B carpels
8—10, abou long.—Pinelands, hammocks, and cult. grounds, Coastal
Plain, Fla Spr fall or all year S.
7. S. spinosa L. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, ee cl Rouen pios to ovate
or ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, ong, serrate n. a. tri-
angular: corolla pale-yellow or orange i i bon t 5, pr^ ong.—
(XNDIAN-MALLOW. FALSE-MALLOW. PRICKLY-SIDA.)— —Roadsides, eult. grounds,
MALVACEAE 851
and waste-places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., and Me.—Nat. of trop.
Am.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Sum.
8. S. Ellottii T. & G. Plant 8-5 dm. tall or sometimes depressed: leaf-
blades linear or nearly so, 2-7 em. ong. Po calyx-lobes triangular: petals
deep-yellow: mature carpels 8-12, 4-5 long, rugose- Pia uie on the
back.—Pinelands and edges of Bona e "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss., B
and Va.—Sum.
9. S. rubromarginata Nash. Plant 5-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades varying fro
narrowly obovate to elliptie or ge lanceolate, 1.5—5.5 cm. long, na
ealyx-lobes triangular: petals light-orange: mature carpels 8-10, 3-4 mm.
long, rugose-pitted on the baek.—Sandy se a Fla.—Spr.—fall.
^ S. leptophylla Small. Plant 9—13 dm. tall, thinly pubescent: leaf-blades
near to ich -elliptic, 2-10 em. long, sharply serrate: ealyx-lobes triangular:
Belus ight orange: matur i ioe about 4 mm. long.—Sandy soil, Coastal
Plain, Ga. to La.—Spr.-f
6. MALVA [Tourn.] L. Herbs. Leaf-blades lobed or dissected. Invo-
lucel of usually 3 bractlets. Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5, sometimes
eroded. Carpels many, 1-celled, beakless, ed faces radially striate or ribbed
at maturity.—A bout 30 species, natives of the Old World.—MaLLows.—The
leaves and flowers " some species are e dn and are used medicinally.
Corolla less than 2 em. broad: bractlets linear to lanceolate.
Branches procumbent : carpels finely pubescent and smooth on
the back. 1. M. rotundifolia.
Branches erect or ascending: carpels glabrous and reticulated
on the back. 2. M. parviflora.
Corolla over 2 cm. broad: bractlets elliptic to ovate-lanceolate. 3. M. sylvestris.
1. M. rotundifolia L. Plant Too leaf-blades obscurely lobed, crenate-
ep iu calyx-lobes o to unc 7 vate: petals light-blue, pink, or white,
—14 m = on
m. is
ee Low- ern )— Cult, “grounds,
waste- aes. ne e various prov-
inces, aoe aN t U. S. and S Can. Nat. of
Eu.— —Spr.-
M. parviflora L. Plant erect or ascend-
and crenat es triangular: de
white or n eT 3.5-7 mm
on els 2-2.5 mm. long.—Waste- -plaees, vari-
ous pos Fla. to Tex., Calif., and B. C.
Nat. of Eu.—(Mex.)—Sum
3. M. sylvestris L. Plant 3-4 dm. tall:
leaf-blades p lobed and crenate -
n Pr bu eu icis or nearly so: petals light purple to reddish-
purple, 2-2.5 c a ER s obov a 3 mm. long.—(H168-MALLO w.)—-Fields,
s -plaees, ius about sar dens. local in various provinces, "V. S. and S Can.
t. of Eu. —( Mex.)—Sum.
CALLIRRHOE Nutt. Herbs, resembling species of Malwa. Leaf-
2e lobed, cleft, or dissected. Involucel of distinct bractlets, or wanting.
852 MALVACEAE
Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5, sometimes erose-fimbriate. Carpels 10-20,
1-celled, more or less beaked, the faces smooth or reticulate at maturit
About 8 species, North American.—POPPY-MALLOW
Peduncles seeds a 1. C. triangularis.
Peduncles 1-flow
Involucels present, C. Papaver.
Involucels wanting. $ C. alceoides.
1. C. triangulata (Leavenw.) A. Gray. Stem 3-9 dm. tall rough-pubes
cent: n blades triangular-ovate to v iringnlarhaset 3-1. 5 em. long, those
of the lower ones erenate or lobed: calyx-
E “deltoid ovate: petals deep-purple, 2—
long: Pa Eur. mm. long.
(CLUSTERED POPPY w.)—Dry woods,
various provinces, Maium Coastal Plain, Ala.
to Tex., Minn., Ill, and N. C.—Spr.-sum
C. Papaver — A. Gray. Stem
| 2
0 es
lobed or 3—5-parted: calyx-lobes lanceolate
to e M P ae 1-1.5 em. lo dh o
red-purple, 2-4.5 em. long: carpel
long — Sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Fes rs
ex. and Ga.—Spr.—
8. C. alceoides (Michx.) A. Gray. Stem with strigillose branches 2-5 dm
tall: leaf-blades palmately lobed or incised: calyx-lobes triangular or tri-
angular-lanceolate, less than 1 cm. long: petals. EE or rose, 1-1.5 em. long:
earpels 4 mm. long.—Dry soil, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Nebr., and
Ky.—Spr.-sum.
8. MALACHRA L. Herbs or woody plants, sometimes with stingin
hairs. Leaf-blades lobed. Involucel wanting. Sepals 5, partially united.
Petals 5, broad. Carpels 5, 1-celled, beakless, the faces reticulate-veiny.—About
6 species, tropical American.
Bracts acuminate: calyx-lobes acuminate, with rather weak hairs. M. ur
Bract acute: calyx-lobes setaceous-tipped, with stout hairs. . M. alceifolia.
rens Poit. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, more or less branched and spreading,
finely ison in lines and with coarse simple or branched hairs: leaf-blades
ovate to lanceolate, sometimes slightly 3-
. long, ra
n tips:
petals 6-12 mm. long, light-yellow, iei
or = usually 5 sparin ngly pubes ME
bou mm. lon eed nearly a wide as
g:
long edes a o. and waste-
places, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.— (W. I.)—
All year.
M. alceifolia Jacq. Stem mostly 3-10
EN tallor diffusely branched and spreading.
finely soft-pubescent all over and with stiff
forki duin :
ovate, sometimes 3-lobed, 3-15 em. long,
MALVACEAE 853
rather finely oo or crenate; flower- o dien ana oe
calyx-lobes with setaceous tips as long as the pi petals 11-16 mm
long, bright-yellow, phe without and ciliata: earpels: about ree m. lo ong:
seed much longer than wide.—Was Vip roadsides, and pinelands, S pen.
—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. 4.) AT year
9. URENA [Dil.] L. Shrubs or partly woody herbs. Leaf-blades
angled or lobed. Involucel present. Sepals 5, united below, and often par-
tially adnate to the bractlets. Petals 5,
- purpli Car
arely more, l-celled, indehiscent, usually
bristly with barbed spines.—Three species,
tropical.
1. U. lobata L. Stem mostly 1-2 m. tall,
entose: leaf-blades suborbieular to oval,
wly d u
shallowly lob n errulate: bractlets
inear-lanceolate, . long: bout
as as the involucel: petals pink or rose,
about 2 em. long rpels 4— -
eter.—Hammocks, waste-olaces, and road-
mae wi Nat. of E. L—(W. I., Mex., C.
A., 4.) —The bark yields a fiber ; the
de are used medicinal ally.
0. PAVONIA Cav. Shrubs or woody her Leaf-blades angled or
TT Involueel present. Sepals 5, partially d Petals 5, often showy.
Carpels 5, 1-celled, spine-armed.—About 60 species, mostly tropical
Carpels 3-awned, the awns barbed: leaf-blades of an ovate type: da a lanceo-
late to ovate- lanceolate. 1. pinifea.
Carpels awnless and pointless : leaf-blades of a hastate type: calyx-
lobes broadly ovate. 2. P. hastata. -
1. P. spinifex (L.) Cav. opel us m. tall, hirsute and strigillose: leaf-blades
ovate to elliptic-ovate, 5—10 ong: bractlets linear to lanceolate: calyx-
lobes lanceolate to ovate- Taine: tals "
yellow, 2.5 em. ong: mature carpels 56
mm. long, the spines slender-subulate.—
Sandy woods, hammocks, and shell-mounds,
: Spr.-sum.
i d EE sagen an introduction. How-
er, in t years it has | been found in
the wi ildest pese of the interior.
2. P. hastata Cav. Plant 9-20 dm. tall,
dr ar pq. leaf- blades of a hasta te
t 2-5 . long: bractlets ovate to ob-
tea _ mm. long: petals 2 mm. long,
mainly pale red: carpels 4 mm. long. [P.
LeContei T. & G.]—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Ga. Nai. of S. A.—(W. I.)—
Spr.—fall.
11. MALACHE B. Vogel Shrubs or partly woody plants. Leaf-blades
broad, remotely serrate or repand, 3-ribbed. Involucel of 6-8 bractlets or more.
854 MALVACEAE
Sepals 5, partially united. Petals 5, pale. p
Carpels with a median crest at the apex and Zi
lateral cusps.—Three species,
American.
1. M. scabra B. Vogel. Plant 1-3 m. tall,
puberulent: leaf-blades ovate to iptic-
ate, 6-15 cm. long: braetlets elliptie-
lanceolate: ealyx-lobes ovate: petals green
0 S
ish-yellow or whitish, 2-2.5 c
earpels about 10 . long, reticulate on the
b vonia racemos w
hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the K
4., )
llow à
was thought to d rare in Florida. However, uc the soa ein part ne the
state became accessible it was found to be very abundant on the shores of
ays. It is often erm and a branched.
12. MALVAVISCUS Dill. Shrubs, trees, or partially woody plants.
Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or angulately lobed. Flowers horizontal or nod-
ding, peduneled. Involucel of 7-12 narrow
e
ultimately forming: a baccate fruit.—About
10 species, tropical American.
244
l. M. Drummondii T. & G. Stem 8-19 dm.
all, tom enu x blades bubo
lar-campanulate, about 1 cm. long; s
triangular, often deltoid, or sometimes ova
shorter a the Ba acute: petals Mi.
ion, long | Paced rooping,
much dona ssed, in diameter, i -MALLOW.)—Ham-
mocks, Coastal Sala, p Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mex.) —Spr.-fall
13. HIBISCUS L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades entire, lobed,
or parted. Involucel of several, rarely 3, distinct bractlets. Sepals 5, more
or less united. Petals 4 white, colored or variegated. poai forming a
5-valved capsule.—About 180 species, widely distributed.—ROSE-MALLOWS.—
The bark of some species deis a fiber, and the leaves are Us as ein
Corolla cylindric or the petals merely spreading at the tip: seed woolly.
. TUBIFLORI.
Corolla funnelform to rotate: seeds glabrous or hirsute.
Bractlets of the involncel ‘dilated or forked at the apex. II. FURCELLATI.
of the involucel entire, not dilated at the
Herbs, ‘often tall perennials.
Involucel and calyx Peake a not succulent.
Corolla Bod funnelform or p PREIS
De etals mainly pink or white,
Calyx and involucel finely spinescent. III. CANNABINI.
MALVACEAE 855
Calyx ae involucel glabrous or softly
pu ubes e IV. GRANDIFLORI,
Corolla rotate; petals red. ` V. COCCINEI.
ur a calyx succulent. VI. SABDARIFFAE.
Shrubs or .
Corolla open- -funnelform: leaf-blades lobed. VII. SxRIACI.
ro with & short funnelform tube and a large
ate limb: leaf-blades merely toothed. VIII. ROSAE-SINENSES.
I. TUBI Hrs
Shrub with slender branches and nodding flower 1. H. pilosus.
II. Fur
set softly pubescent; blades shallowly lobed ; petals 8
ong or more. 2. H. furcellatus.
Leaves ced pubescent ; blades deeply lobed: petals 7
. long or les 3. H. aculeatus.
III. CANNABINI
Erect bright-green plant, the leaf-blades with narrow
coarsely toothed lobes: bractlets very oa er: calyx-
lobes slenderly attenuate from a broad bas 4. H. cannabinus.
IV. ie
Leaf-blades glabrous b. H. militaris.
Leaf- ps s pubescent at least beneath.
A abrou
pink: eapsule blunt. 6. H. Moscheutos.
Cor oa I hite, with a crimson eye: capsule beaked. 7%. H. oculiroseus.
Capsule pubescent:
Lea € caf bia closely PAS DUDESC EHE beneath.
ra closely mr stellate-
cent ben en ped ule ed.
Leaf-blades lBnc uide to uae. toothed. 8. H. incanus.
Leaf-blades as wide as long, 3-5- lobed, the
lobes toothed: 9. H. grandiflorus.
Leaf-blades loosely ` stellate-tomentose apaa ,
capsule rounded or truncate at me tip 10. H. lasiocarpus.
Leaf-blades brownish-pubescent beneath 11. H. mutabilis.
V. COCCINEI l
Leaf-blades with 5-7 narrow elongate more or Jes incised l .
lobes 12. H. coccineus.
Leaf-blades merely toothed or with 3-5 prominent, but
short and broad lobes. oE Sa 13. H. semilobatus.
ABDA
Plant more or less suffused with red, io. 3. 5 "leaf-lobes
Shallowy toothed: SucenIent e calyx-lobes. elongate. 14. H. Sabdariffa.
VII. Sypraci
Leaf-blades typically cuneate at the base: Short-pedicelled. 15. H. syriacus.
VIII. ROSAE-SINENSES
m rounded to cordate at the base: flowers long-.
eduncled. 16. H. Rosa-sinensis.
H. pilosus (Sw.) Fauc. & Rendle. Plant 3—18 dm. tall, stellate-hirsute:
E blades Aun ed -ovate b an ier 3 ‘Tobe, crenate, 1-4 e m. long: bract-
lets linear or nearly so, 7-9 mm. long: calyx- ;
lobes aeuminate: pet tals be eg 2—2.0 cm.
long: capsule fully 1 em. long. [H. spirali
Cav. H. tubifiorus DC.] NEC E Flor-
ida Keys.—(W. I., Mex.)—-All yea |
H. furcellatus Ts. Plant 9—25 dm. tal
: braetle
narrow, 1-2 em. long, not bristly:
lobes lanceolate to icra we pena yee
petals pink or rose-pur ple, 8-10 em. long:
eapsule ovoid, about 2.5 em. long, perros
strigose.—Sandy shores, Indian River, Fla.
(W. I., S. A.)—A11 yea
ao ees
Zire
SIONS
ee
SAND
856 MALVACEAE
3. H. aculeatus Walt. Plant 9-20 dm. tall very rough-pubescent: leaf-
blades angulate, 3—5-lobed or 3-5-parted, 4-12 em. in diam np the lobes
rhombie to spatulate, coarsely toothed: braetlets me about 15 mm. long,
bristly: calyx-lobes lanceolate, bristly E petals yellow = cream-colored,
m the purple ye . long: capsule conie- my about 1.5 e m. long
or rarely longer, st Tue ed and Panid —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, N
Fla. a La. and S. C.—Sum
4, H. cannabinus L. Plant 3-22 dm mw, sparingly pubescent: leaf-blades
palmately 3-7- Doi the PERSA linear ie ic unevenly toothed: bract-
lets narrowly flat, bristle-m sa r spiny: calyx-lobes pu re
MEME pus thin, Pea iud or spiny: petals white or pink,
sometimes darker-colored, and purple at the base: capsule conic, 1. 5-2 cm.
long, strigose.—(AMBAREE. BASTARD-JUTE. BROWN INDIAN-HEMP.)—Ham-
mocks and d E pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of the O. W.
tropics.— (W. I.)—-All yea
militaris Cav. Plant 9-20 dm. tall, pita or acne so: leaf- ps
ov vate to broadly Vid in outline, 6—16 ong, serrate-dentate and
hastately 38—5-lobed: braetlets 1.5-2 em. long: Hed -lobes ovate: neni pink
m.
N
river-banks, various provinces, Fla. to La., Minn., and Pa.—Sum.-fall
H. Moscheutos L. Plant 8-20 dm. tall, velvety-tomentose: leaf-blades
lanceolate to 2 DU xd serrate and often Decii uod
petals mainly pink, 10—12 ong: eapsule ovoid, 2.5-3 em. long.—
SE-MALLOW. Secon ae MARSH-MALLOW.)— rackish and fed
marshes, Coastal Plain, and ears adj. Des Fla. to Tex. and Conn.,
alg Central Lowland, Mo. to S Ont.—Sum.—fall.
H. oculiroseus Britton. Plant similar to H. Moscheutos in habit: leaf-
Te lanceolate to ovate, unequally toothed: T white, except the purple
spot at the ee capsule conic-ovoid, 2.5-3 cm. long.—Marshes, various prov-
inees, N Ala. to N. J. and N. Y.—Sum.-fall
8. H. incanus Wendl. Plant 9-20 dm. tall, pale or gray velvety- eg
leaf-blades od ks fe eite aed serrate: petals white, sulphur-yellow,
inkish, with a crimson base, 8-10 cm. long: capsule ellipsoid-ovoid, 5-3 e
D finely TR eee Coastal Plain, "Fla. to Ala. and Md.; peda
r.—Spr.—
he fan ter ÁLAVA
"3
H. grandiflorus Michx. Plant 8-21 dm. tall, velvety-tomentose: leaf-
ie hastately 3-lobed, the Ws irregularly toothed: braetlets linear, 1.5-2
em. long, not bristly: calyx a about twice as long as. the EE ,petals 12-15
em. long, pink, purple, or red at the nm eapsule ovoid, . long,
coarsely hirsute.—Marshes and wet um ds oastal n E to Miss.
and Ga.—Spr.
0 H. a Cav. Plant 9-20 dm. tall, densely a re id
leaf-blades ovate, 5—14 em. long, serrate-dentate: bra etlets linea
long, bristly: s ues triangular bu Y n longer than tho bractlets:
petals white or pink wi a dark base, 6-10 e ong: Lire RE 2.0 €
long.—Swamps, various iub AN s i Tex., Mo, and Ill.—Spr.-
11. H. mutabilis L. Shrub, sometimes tree-like, scurfy-pubescent with
brownish mud leaf-blades suborbieular in outline, cordate at the base, angu-
MALVACEAE 857
lately nd lobed, a broad lobes unevenly toothed: ees narrowly linear,
2-— m. long: cian ovate: petals white or pink, becoming deep-red:
SeA 2.5 cm. —( COTTON-ROSE. )—Waste-places and inelands S Fla.
and S La. Nat. of China — (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) —Spr.-s
12. H. coccineus Walt. Plant 9-30 dm. tall, glabrous: Qo blades with
linear or lanceolate lobes 4—25 cm. long: braetlets 2.5-3 em. long: calyx 4-5
em. long; lobes acuminate: petals crimson or deep-red: UE Md
2—2.5 em. long, ERS —Swamps, near the coast, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Sum.
13. H. semilobatus Chapm. Plant similar to that of H. coccineus in habit:
leaf-blades orbieular or die iid toothed and 3-5-lobed, 8—15 cm. in
diameter: Bud 2-9.5 em. lon a calyx 4—5 em. long; lobes acute: petals
-erimson: capsule about 25 em. long. 2 near the coast, E Fla.—
Spr.—fall.
14. H. Sabdariffa L. Plant 6—26 dm. tall, the foliage red throughout:
leaf- om uo a T the lobes erenate-serrate, the teeth shallow:
bractlets linear-lanceolate, very thick, sparingly pubescent, juicy:
calyx- dc pss like the bractlets dark- red, very thick, copio usly fine-
slag within: petals pi with dark bas m S nb ovoid, 1.5-2 cem.
long, pu nt.—(JAMAICA-SORREL. per E.)— ands, hammocks, and
waste- n Everglade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys. Eom of the O. W. tro
and cu W. I. Mex., C. A., S. A.) —A11 year.—The succulent tissues con-
in iow p mueilage, coloring matter, and an ac cid, all of which combines to
make an excellent jelly. The miden ealyees are cooked and served as
‘í eranberries.?
15. us L. Shrub or small tree, minutely pubescent when young:
leaf-blades 3 lobed, coarsely crenate, 3-12 cm. long: bractlets linear or linear-
spatulate, 10-20 mm. long: calyx-lobes triangular-ovate: petals rose-purple, or
white, usually with crimson blotches at the base: capsule ellipsoid- -ovoid, 2-2.5
em. long.—(SHRUBBY-ALTHAEA. ROSE-OF- freed —Roadsides, fields, and
thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex. and Conn. Nat. of western Asia and
cult.—Sum.-fall.
16. H. Rosa-Sinensis L. Shrub or small tree, amaliy sparingly pubescent:
leaf-blades: ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rounded or abruptly narrowed at the
base, coarsely and unequally A bractlets narrowly i calyx-lobes
lanceolate, more ee within than without: petals rose-red or of other
colors: capsu 2.5 long — (Son. -BLACK PLANT. CHINESE-ROSE.)—
Fields, waste- laces T "ioadeides. pen. Fla. at. of China and eult.—
(W. I. )—All year.—Extensively grown as an ornamental in warm and tropical
countries. It is Soros ied by many color forms. The flowers yield a
blaek dye.
14. ABELMOSCHUS Medie. de usually large and coarse, mostly
annual. Leaf-blades entire or l Flowers solitary and terminal In-
volucel of 4—many narrow a p united into a long spathe- -like
calyx which splits and falls away from the fruits. Petals 5, broad, Carpels
elongate, forming a long and narrow pointed capsule. Seed glabrous.—About
12 species, tropical.
Leaf-blades with short broad lobes: bractlets of the involucel linear, caducous
1. A. es aie ie.
858 MALVACEAE
Leaf-blades with long narrow lobes: bractlets of the involucel
elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, persistent: 2. A. Manihot.
l. A. esculentus (L.) Moench. Plant 9-20 dm hirsute: leaf-blades
1-3:dm. broad, with 5-7 ovate, lanceolate, or spe ne. coarsely toothed or
incised segments: corolla greenish-
c
capsule columna —21 — pu
G )—Waste-plaees, gardens, and cult
grounds, Coastal Plain, t t
of Africa and cult.—(W. I.)—Spr. —fal
The unripe capsules are a very neem
esculent.
2. A. Manihot (L.) Medic d usually
20—25 dm. tall, ultimately glabro leaf-
blades 1-4 dm. in diameter, wit -9
: — ult.
ern and river-banks, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex. Nat. of Asia and cult—Sum.—
fall.
15 TRIONUM Medic. Annual pubescent herbs. Leaf-blades palm-
ately 3—5-lobed. Flowers solitary at ea ends of the branches. Involucels
of several-many narrow bractlets: sep
united into a ribbed and shallowly 1 be d
ealyx, which is persistent and inflated at
maturity. Petals 5, broad. Carpels forming
a short capsule which is included in the per-
sistent calyx. Seed glabrous.—One species.
1. T. Trionum (L.) Wooton & Standley.
Plant 1—4 dm. tall, hispid: leaf-blades ovate ,
pat
vwd ‘bractlets about 1 em. lon ed calyx-
lobes t pons ular: petals yellow 2 Mare
with a purple or brown- -purple blo
eu about 1.5 em. long. [Hibiscus pos d |—(FLOWER-OF-AN-HOUR. BLAD
DER- iiw UL a fields, and waste-places, eic provinees, Fla. to
N. M., S. D. and N. S. Nat of Eu. and eult.—Sum
16. PARITI Adans. Shrubs or trees, d Hibiscus in habit, but
with the braetlets of the involucel united into a lobed cup.—About 4 species
tropieal.—Spr. or all year.
Petals straight or spreading at the tip, pure-yellow, becoming der pink: cap-
sule velvety: seeds papillose. . P. tiliaceum,
Petals strongly recurved, bronze or orange and blood-red toward
the ud QBSVOSMBE very dark-red: capsule hirsutulous: seed
hirsutul 2. P. grande.
1. P. tiliaceum (L.) S t. Hil. Shrub or large tree, the young parts velvety-
tomentose: leaf-blades thick, suborbicular to orbicular-ovate, mostly 1-2 dm.
MALVACEAE | 859
long, blunt entire, grayish-tomentose be-
neath: calyx-lobes lanceolate to triangular- |
lanceolate: corolla campanulate or tubular-
camp ate; petals dly te
orbicular-obovate, pure-yellow, becoming red-
sh-p psule velvety, beaked, 1-2 ¢
long, nearly or quite as long as the sepals.—
(MAHOE)—Shore Ee A and sand-dunes
x of soutbern pen. Fla. and the Florida
—(W. I., Mez., C. va S. A.
2. P. grande Britton. Tree with wide-
spreading branches; the young parts thinly
pubescent: leaf- blades thin or thinnish, sub-
di mostly 1.5-3 dm. long, sharp-
pointed, more or less crenate, thinly pubes-
cen ui pen or glabrous: calyx- iN lanceolate: corolla rotate- -campanulate:
p spatulate to nar S ie obovate, bronze or orange along the edges and
ood-red toward the center, s ing very dark-red: capsule hirsutulous,
PRI. ee than in "P. ti liaceum, much shorter than the sepals.— (MA HOE
— shores, S pen. Fla.— (W
KOSTELETZKYA Presl. Herbs or partly woody plants. Leaf-
pie msi -lobed, hastate, or sagittate. Involucel of 7-10 bractlets, or
obsolete. Sepals 5, partly united. Petals 5. Carpels forming a depressed
capsule.—About 8 a of temperate and tropical America.—Spr.—fall or
all year S.—FEN-ROSES.
Corolla pink; petals 3-4 cm. long: calyx over 1 cm. wide, surpassing the capsule.
Stem T leaves copiously pubescent.
rely st S a upper part of the stem
p E scabro-pubes 1. K virginica.
ut densely E as well as canescent: upper
of stem densely pubescent, usually velvety. K. althaeifolia.
Stem And leaves Slabrous or sparingly pubescent. A K. smilacifolia.
Corolla ` white; petals about 1 cm. long: calyx less than 1 cm.
wide, surpassed by the capsu uo 4. K. pentasperma.
K. virginica "t A. Gray. Foliage pubescent with stellate hairs but
not velvety, often scabrous: leaf-blades A 15 em. np ovate to ovate- abe
TT
T- -
LOW.)— —Marshes and w et hammocks, pci |
Plain and rarely adj. PERDE Fla. to La.
and N. Y.
2. K.althaeifolia (Chapm.) A. Gray. Foli-
age mainly velvety-pubescent; leaf-blades
ne
dentate, the lower a ee abs 3-lobed,
Cor , the u per eh
th late,
acuminate: petals pink, ps ut 4 em. long: capsule 12-15 mm. Brod: seed about
mm. lon —(W. I.)
bi wam E hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N.
3. 'smilacifolia Gray. Foliage nearly glabrous: leaf-blades 5-10 e
bur those ae T base of the stem hastate, with a linear-lanceolate or linear
860 MALVACEAE
entire or dentieulate middle lobe and linear or nearly linear reflexed entire
or toothed basal lobes; ealyx-lobes ops or ovate-lanceolate, E or
slightly acuminate, about as long as the braetlets: petals 2.5-3.5 cm. long,
Me ud -pink: eapsule hispid, fully 1 En po rue by the id. seed
arly 3.5 mm. long.—Low pinelands, W pen
4, K. da gui (Bert.) Griseb. eh pubeseent with stinging-hairs:
stem to 2 m. tall, widely branched: leaf-blades e to D ipd
late i ovate, with the lar arger ones sometimes slightly lobed, 2.5- ong,
serrate, slender-petioled: o bristly pubescent; lobes Rod acute, ar
the bractlets: petals about 1 em. long, white: capsule nearly 1 em. broad, sur-
passing the nile ui on 2.5 mm. long.—Hammocks, Cape Sable region,
Fla.—(W. I.)—All yea
18. THESPESIA Soland. Shrubs or trees, resembling species of
ibiscus. Leaf-blades entire or sid -lobed. Involueel of 3-5 narrow
deciduous braetlets. iy epals 5, partia
wholly united. Petals 5, showy. ds
united into a mostly oH cst capsule.—
About 8 RM tropieal.
1. T. pop & (L.) Soland. Low tree or
shrub: vin blades ps 5-12 em. long:
calyx cup-like: petals em. long, ecd
and P del ple: eapsule dur n "is em
broa d.—(SEASIDE-MAHOE. PORTIA-TREE.)—
Shore hammocks and sand dunes, "Evergla ade
Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys. Nat. prob. |
of the O. W. tropics, and eult.—(W. I.)—
All year.—A. sacred tree in some countries.
This tree grows irap on shores a
bays and inlets. By its elongate, spreading lower branches it mt almost im-
penetrable thiekets. Large crops of fruits continuously inerease its dense growth.
19. CIENFUEGOSIA Cav. Shrubs or woody herbs, resembling species
of Hibiscus. Leaf-blades entire or ed Involucels of 3—many braetlets.
Sepals 5, united below. Petals 5. Capsu
3—95-valved.—About 20 P half of ns
Ameriean.
C. heterophylla (Vent.) Garcke. Leaf-
blades 1.5-5 cm. long, those of the upper
leaves narrow: peduncles cava bractlets
minute: a yellow, capsule rarely equal-
ing the calyx—Hammocks and open places,
Florida "Keys.— (W. I. S. A4.))—A year.
—This species die from Florida to north-
ern South Am Forms from South
America often a pee quite distinct from
those from the more northern West Indies.
Another species, C. Dr none occurs in
the Coastal Plain of Texas. Like other ,
Texan relatives, Gayoides and Malvaviscus it may occur on Key West.
20. GOSSYPIUM L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades palmately
lobed or rarely entire. Involucel of 3 large bracts. Sepals 5, united into a
cup-like calyx. Petals 5, usually dark-colored at the base. Capsule 5-valved.—
BUETTNERIACEAE 861
About 40 species, tropical—Corrons.—The bark of the root of some oe is
medicinal; the hairs of the seeds constitute cotton; the seeds yield o
Seed 4-5 mm. broad, glabrous, that is, completely separable from the wool: lobes of
the Ianue mostly longer than the body. 1. G. barbadense.
Seed 6-7 mm. broad, woolly: lobes of the leaf-blades mostly
sho ELE than th Do a
ool tawny: plant woody foliage closely pubescent with
very short hairs. 2. G. hirsutum,
Wool white: plant herbaceous: foliage if pubescent, hirsute. 3. G. herbaceum.
1 arbadense L. Shrub with glabrous twigs, often 2 m. tall or more:
leaf- blades with. 3-5 lan ceolate, or ovate-lanceolate lobes: corolla pale-yellow:
capsu piss. x ds ute, 3.5—5 em. lon
e COTT — Thie ckets, xd fields, and
M RE Coastal Plain, Fla. at.
of trop. Am. and cult. — $e eds black, smooth
when the long fibers are removed.
G. hir L. Shrub or small tree
ms eM hirsute twigs: leaf-blades 4-11
cm s pube
WILD-COTTON.)—
Hammocks, sand-dunes, and kitchen-middons S,
S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A. )—An year.
3. G. herbaceum L. Pla t glabrous, or with long scattered hairs: leaf-
blades with 3-5 triangular or ovate lobes: corolla creamy white » becoming
pink; petals 5- ie em. long: tke subglobose: seed with white cotton
(COMM C E N.)—Fields, thickets, and waste S
vaious pou "Fla. to Tex, Ark., and S Va Nat. "of Asia, and cult.—
W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)— —Sum
Famity 3. BUETTNERIACEAE — CnuocornaTE FAMILY
rubs or trees, or herbs, often resembling Malvaceae. Leaves alter-
nate: Diodes simple. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx of 5, or rarely fewer,
sepals. Corolla of 5, or rarely be petals, or wanting. Androecium of
as many stamens as there are sepals, or more. Staminodia a
resent. Gynoecium of 5, more or less united carpels, or fewer. Frui
capsular or follicular—About 45 genera a over 600 ae. mostly
tropical.
Corolla present.
Petals with flat blades
Gyn m of 5 united carpels: styles 5, no Rene stigmas capitate.
Sh volueet wanting: capsule angular midal,
loculicidal. 1. MOLUCHIA.
Involucel of 3 or more bractlets: capsule globose,
loculicidal and septicidal.
ie distinct: flowers. a fruits mostly in inter-
upted spike-like panicl 2. MELOCHIA,
Styles partly united : Hos cin and fruits mostly in
a terminal cluster. 3. RIEDLEA.
Smem a single carpel: style 1, eccentric ; stigma
brush-li 4. WALTHERIA.
Petals with hooded blades. 5. AYENIA.
Corolla wanting. 6. FIRMIANA.
862 BUETTNERIACEAE
1. MOLUCHIA Medic. Herbs, shrubs, or small trees. Leaf-blades
toothed. i wanting. Sepals 5, united at the base. Petals 5, marces-
cent. Filaments united at the base. Styles
5, distinct. Capsules 5-valved, angled.—
About 6 species, tropical.
. M. tomentosa (L.) Britto Mue
branched shrub u 2 m. tall, ‘the foliage
]
ony veined beneat -lobes aeumi-
qu bien dd rose- T. about 1
mm , beaked, with
long:
5 MEAT "lads, "seed "15 mm. long.
[Melochia tomentosa L.]—(BRrooM-woop. \—
Pinelands, S pen. Fla. and S Tex.—(W. I.,
Mex., C. A., S. A.)— —Spr.—fall.
2. MELOCHIA [Dill] L. Herbs or shrubby plants Leaf-blades toothed
and sometimes also slightly- -lobed. Involucel present. Sepals 5, partly united.
d
tyles
licidally 5-va ved. —About 25 species, trop-
ical and di
1. M. corchorifolia L. Stem u up to 1.5 mm.
glabrous or sparingly pubescent, al ely
: lea o
i meter. :
(Chapm. Fl) not Cav.]— Old, fields, cult.
grounds and waste- o o paa nces,
. C.—Spr.-
o Tex., and S
3. DLEA Vent. Herbs or low woody shrubs. Leaf-blades toothed.
Involucel of 3 pile Flowers in terminal and axillary clusters. Sepals 9,
partly united. Petals 5, marcescent. Fila-
ments partly piel. pus 5, partly united.
Capsule 5-valved.—About 20 species, mostly
tropical American.
1. R. hirsuta (Cav.) DC. Stem diffusely
pe the n decumbent or ascend-
ing, to 1.5 m ong, hirsute and often
with s me Rr) hairs: leaf-blades ovate
to ee serrate, short-petioled: . calyx-
lobes ovate to deltoid, 9-13 mm. Jong:
lege able: capsule subglo obose, about 3
. in diameter. [Melochia hirsuta Cav.]—
Pinelands, E Les Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A.,
4.)—
BUETTNERIACEAE 863
4. WALTHERIA L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaf-blades toothed. In-
volueel of 3-bractlets. Sepals 5, united to the middle or above it. Petals 9,
T spreading, marrow, slender-clawed,
ellow amens 5: anthers with 2 saes:
iek.—About 35 species, tropical American.
1. W. americana L. Stem erect or rarely
diffuse and prostrate, 6-16 dm. long, often
: r
lar-ovate, 1-8 em. long, dad or dentate-
serrate, stout- Cip flow in dense
uM usters: ca m long at
matu ae lobes us to Tuch or
subulate-lanceolate, apres nearly as long as
the tube or shorter: petals 3-4 mm. long:
capsule about 2 mm. long, eee rounded
or truncate at the top and long-hairy. —Hammocks, po and sand- dunes,
S pen. Fla. and the Keys. Adv. up Hee y dn —(QF. I., Mex., C. A., 8. A.)—
All year —Reputed to have medicinal properties.
5. AYENIA L. Herbs often partially woody. Leaf-blades toothed. In-
involute, Stamens 5; anthers with three parallel sacs. Staminodia present.
Ovary 5- celled. Capsule murieate, depressed.—About 10 species, tropical
American.
ues 6-6.5 mm. long; blades about 1. 5 mm. wide; appendages stout, over
ong. SUD I E DE.
Petals 4-4.5 mm. long: pan n 1 mm. wide; appendages
slender, less than 0.5 mm 2. A. pusilla.
1. A. euphrasiaefolia Gris eb. Tap- ~ dide Sos prostrate: leaf-blades
predominately suborbieular to renifor t m. long, sharply few-toothed:
alyx abopt 3
capsule 4-5
tuberculate.—Pinelan nds, aid ade E d
d lowe I.)—
2. A. pusilla L. Tap-root slender: stem
—BSpr =
6. FIRMIANA Marsigli. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire or lobed.
Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Sepals 5, or rarely 4, often petaloid.
864 CANELLACEAE
Petals wanting. e bro
Carpels nearly distine Stigmas dem
Capsule opening before eae the carpels
stellately spreading—About 10 species
- Asiatic.
1. F. platanifolia en es e be-
coming 12 m. tall, EE esf Dg:
dm . broad, eae ee 3-5 bd panicle
HI
VARNISH-TREE. BOTTLE-TREE.) — Roadsides
woods, thickets, and fields, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex. and S. C. Nat. of eastern Asia
and cult. -S r ike the Fines tree (Tri-
adica) this Asiatie tree is extensively alae in the see ies of South
Carolina and less abundantly within the range given abov open places
the trunk may be widely branched, in the dense growth of. ni. colonies the
trunks are usually pole-like.
ORDER HYPERICALES — HYPERICAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves various. Flowers mostly perfect,
complete and regular (irregular in Violaceae), sometimes involucrate.
Calyx of distinct or essentially distinct sepals. Corolla of distinct petals
(partially united in Fouquieriaceae), rarely wanting. Androecium of
several united carpels. Ovary superior, mostly with parietal placentae.
Fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous.
Stamens united into a tube which surrounds or encloses m EINE
Placentae pue CANELLACEAE.
PIS nun Fam. 2. CLUSIACEAE.
Stamens dn
tyles wanting: stigmas intro
centae axial: herbs or "Rn BUS plants. Fam. 3. ELATINACEAE.
entae basal: shrubs or tre Fam. 4. TAMARICACEAE.
Styles es distinc disti r i s terminal.
BOE
SUERA not brush-like ; endosperm little or
Herbs or sel plants, with opposite or
. whorled 1 am. 5. HYPERICACEAE.
ubs or Mice. we with alternate leaves. Fam. 6. THEACEAE.
brush-like: endosperm copious. Fam. 7. TURNERACEAE.
Styles wholly and permanently united.
Corolla regular. 8. CISTACEAE.
Corolla irregular, the petals markedly. unequal
and one of them spurred; stamens 5. Fam. 9. VIOLACEAE.
Famiry 1. CANELLACEAE—Witp CINNAMON FAMILY
Trees. Leaves alternate: blades entire, pellucid-punctate. Flowers
perfect. Calyx of 3 thick imbricate sepals. Corolla of 4—12 narrow petals,
.or wanting. Andr oecium of numerous stamens, the filaments united into
a tube around the pistil. Gynoecium of 2-5 united earpels. Fruit a
Dato —Five genera and 7 species, in tropical mue and Africa
CLUSIACEAE 865
1. CANELLA P. Br. Trees with gray bark. Leaf-blades leathery.
Flowers in cymes. Petals 5. Stamens mostly 15-20, the tube projecting
beyond the anthers. Ovary l-celled. Berry
subglobose.—One species.
1. E Winteriana (L.) Gaertn. Trees 5-15
m. f-bl oblanceolate, du
or modos e. 3—10 . long: sepals
em
2.5— road y^ 5, elliptic, 4.5-5
mm. long, purple: berry about 10 in
diameter, crimson or nearly blaek.—( WiLDp-
CINNAMON. CINNAMON-BARK.)—Hammocks,
Cape Sable region, pen. Fla. and Florida
- Keys.—(W. I .) —Sum.-fall.— The leaves and
aa heartwood i is ques -grained, very hard,
and very h . The a ontrast of the cymes
of purple fon ers and the deep-green fol
is striking. The feq of almost black P iss also render the tree conspicuous.
Famy 2. CLUSIACEAE — BarnsAM-TREE FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades entire. Flowers mostly
dioecious or polygamous. Calyx of 2—6 imbrieate sepals. Corolla of 4—9
a en
united. Gynoecium of 2 or more united earpels. Fruit baccate, drupa-
ceous, or capsular.—About 25 genera and over 250 species, mostly tropical.
1. CLUSIA L. Shrubs or trees, often epiphytic, at least when young. |
Petals
Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers solitary or few together. tals 4-9. Ovary
8-10-celled. Capsule leathery or fleshy.—About 80 e tropieal Ameriean.
LSAM-APPLES. F'AT-PORKS. MONKEY-APPLES.—Incomplete specimens io
—BAL
both the following species were collected on Big a Key and Key
many years ago.
Flowers yellow: fruits slightly elongate or globular: stigmas 12-14. 1. C. flava
Flowers white or pink: fruits depressed: stigmas 6-8. 2. C. rosea.
l. C. flava Jacq. m sometimes 20 m. tall: leaf-blades cuneate- -obovate,
i bin long, ribbed: sevals E Detala yellow, obovate,
2.5-3 m m. long: capsule slightly Ae
globular— Hammocks Aid mo Fla.; pon
collected in sk years —(W. I.)
similar to C. flava in
a
NU
S
Ld
e
.)—Among he several shrubs
trees e ed on the lower Florida vb
in rli
then “lost,” the two balsam-apples appear
t the only ones not yet rediscovered.
They may yet be found in the hammocks
not on in recent years. Their discovery
was to the activities of : resident
BL Dr. ener of Key Wes
55
866 HYPERICACEAE
Famity 3. BELATINACEBAE —WarreR-woRgT FAMILY
Herbs or partly woody plants. Leaves opposite. Flowers perfect.
Calyx. of 2.5 imbricate sepals. Corolla = 2-5 petals. Androecium of
2-5, or sometimes 10, stamens. Gynoecium of 2—5 earpels. Fruit a cap-
sule.— Two genera and 30 species, widely dist ributed.
1. ELATINE L. Wholly succulent plants. Leaf-blades commonly
entire. Sepals ribless. Ovary -eelled: styles 2—4. Capsule membranous,
2—4-celled.—A bout 10 species, natives of
warm regions. |
1. E. americana (Pursh) Arn. Stem 1-5
em. long: leaf-blades cuneate- shove to
elliptic, 1-5 mm. long: E E e
sepals 2, obtuse: petals 2: stam ; cap-
sule eed about 1 mm. in dia RA
-PURSLANE.) Pond
and ee streams, various provinces, Tenn. to
Tex., Minn, Ont, and N. C—Sum.—tThe
petals may Sometimes be pink-tinge ed. The.
plants, creeping on mud, dr diminu-
tive eed: aad pimpernel
Famitry 4. TAMARICACEAE — TAmARISKkK FAMILY
hrubs or trees, or partially dde. plan Leaves oo
iran. often seale-like. Flowers mainly o sometimes in pro-
fuse panicles. Calyx s : or 4 or 6,s Eds Corolla of 5, or 4 or 6, Be etals.
Androecium of 5 or many stamens. Gynoecium of united carpels.
Ovary M d Fruit ; a capsule—Four genera and 90 species, of Africa
and Eur
1. TAMARIX L. Irregularly branching evergreen shrubs. or trees.
Leaves scale-like, clasping or sheathing. Flowers borne in plume-like panicles.
Capsule many-seeded.
. gallica L. Small tree or shrub, with
we ak branches, the branchlets clothed with
the imbricate leaves: panicles with numerous
spikes: sepals about 0.5 mm. long: petals
white or ire capsule about 1 mm. long
—(TAMARISK.) — Roadsides, lag ag
and ewer various prov , Fla. to
Tex., Ark., S. C.—
Pa"
oe sa.
SROrren o
to eet)
a eo
Betty
at. o u.—
i: —'Spr-sum — This species is widely cul-
tivated and is naturalized in the Coastal
Plain 2 ne oa nd appears
in several forms, varying with green or glau-
cous foliage, pue Or Buen branchlets and
long or short racemes.
Famity 5. HYPERICACEAE — Sr. JOHN’S-WORT FAMILY
Shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite: blades mostly punctate, entire or
early so, sometimes seale-like. Flowers perfect. Calyx of 4 or ə, S
fice: cal sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 yellow, pink, or Duc uen
HYPERICACEAE 867
petals. Androecium of few or many stamens, dd in grouped, the
groups sometimes alternating with the glands. Gynoec of 3~7 united
earpels. Fruit a capsule —Ten genera and more than 300 species, mostly
in temperate and tropieal regions
Sepals 4, in more or less unequal pairs: petals mostly 4.
Pairs of sepals very unequal in size or shape or both, the ar pair enclosing
the capsule. . ASCYRUM.
ue of sepals nearly equal in size and shape, much sur-
sed by the capsule. 2. CROOKEA.
Sepald dud petals mostly 5.
etals yellow.
Plants without basal branches, or with elongate ones
with opposite leaves: pens deciduous: capsule
Sor dehiscent to the bas
Leaves with flat, more or on spreading blades. 3. HYPERICUM.
Leaves reduced to erect or uos URS or
slightly elongate scales, without bla 4. SAROTHRA.
Plants with" clusters of short oe with o
decussate, bladeless leaves the base, and
remotely scaly flowering Um which y A "n
slender-branched cymes: petals marcescent: capsule
dehiscent to the base 5. SANIDOPHYLLUM.
Petals pink, sometimes tinged with green or purple. 6. TRIADENUM.
1. ASCYRUM L. Shrubs. Sepals 4, very unequal. Corolla yellow,
Stamens not in groups. Styles hig cin short. Capsule included in the
calyx.—Seven species, American.—ST. PETER'S-wORTS. ST. ANDREW’S-CROSSES.
Styles 2: inner sepals very small, petal-like or obsolet
Peduncles reflexed at maturi ity : calyx without bacc conspicuously surpassing
the leaves. 1. A. pumilum.
Peduncles not recurved: calyx e a pair of `
bractlets, not conspicuously surpassing the leaves.
Outer sepals ovate at maturity: capsule included. 2. A. hypericoides.
rs sepals elliptie at maturity: capsule exserted at
ip. . A. linifolium.
SMS 3-1. : "ia er sepals EY smaller pons the outer.
ter sepals obtuse or rounded at the a
Le af-bla ^d predominately cuneate A "obovate cuneate,
: outer sepals suborbicular 4, A. cuneifolium.
Lent blades S duin. of an elliptic or oval type,
somewhat clasping: outer sepals broadly ovate-or-
bicular
Outer Sepals acute or acuminate at the apex.
Leaf-blades predominately of an ova type: outer
sepals quite different from the lea
ert ides DOO of an “elliptic or linear-
e type: outer sepals resembling the leaves. 7. A. tetrapetalum.,
D. A. stans.
. A. Edisonianum.
ilum Miehx. Shr ub, depressed, the short stems often matted:
ar blades oval, ee pn linear- Row in ks 9 mm. long: outer sepals ovate
to suborbicular, 6—10 lon
obsolete or nearly S0: petals yellow, obovate:
capsule about 5 long.—Pinelands,
Coastal Plain, "Fla. aa Ga. to Miss. d
sum
A. hypericoides L. Shrub, e pun
blades dd often narrowly so, 5—15 m
long: outer sepals cuneate- obovate to elliptic
or apti. Jacobs te, 7-9 long,
inner E ne petals Ean RNC
7—8 long.—(ST. ANDREW'S-CROSS.
Dry ert thickets, and inno ie various
provinees, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and Mas
OF. I. )—Spr. ^ fan or all year.
868 | HYPERICACEAE
. A. linifolium Spach. Shrub, mostly erect: ae E E DU
er S
to oblanceolate, px ped or obovate -elliptie, 1-3. oc ong: ou epals ovate
to elliptic-ova te, 6-9 mm. lon inner petaloid: eer p oe cap-
sule 5-8 mm. long. —Pindands, dur Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., S. C.—
(W. I.)—Spr. Bx, or all yea
4. A. heure! 2: apm. Shrub 1- 2 dm. tall: leaf-blades cuneate or
obovate, 5-20 m ong: inner sepals elliptic or nearly so: petals yellow: cap-
sule broadly aad. id pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.—Sum.-fall.
5. A. ns Miehx. Shrub 3-9 dm. tall, the stem p above the base or
aa branched: leaf- ban e P elliptie, varying to obovate obtuse:
de alee and. wid sepals lanceolate, sho v acuminate: capsule ovoid,
m. long.—Acid swamps and a sandy soil, Coastal Plain and adj.
hn rarely pine Ridge, Fla, to Tex., Tenn., a and N. Y.—Sum.—fa
A. Edisonianum Small. Shrub 3-6 dm. tall, the stem often much-branched:
leat bla des dq ee - A -elliptic, acute: petals yellow: inner sepals
linear-lanceolate, long-acu : capsule narrowly ovoid, 4-6 mm. long.—
Pise lands S. pen. Fl Du are m.
7. A. tetrapetalum Aen de Shrub 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate t
oval: outer sepals resembl d e leaf-blades, the inner elliptie to lanceolate:
e Brent ellen DU, eh one-half as long as the s pee —Low pine-
ands and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. and S Ga.— Spr.-fall or all year.
2. CROOKEA Small. Shrubs resembling species of Ascyrwm, ever-
green. Sepals 4, nearly equal. Stamens numerous: filaments distinet. Styles
relatively long. Capsule not ineluded.
species.
1. C. microsepala (T. & G.) Small. Branch-
ing shrub, with erect, pipe s r decumbent
stems less than 1 m. tall: leaves numerous;
bl ades cuneate to linear- a or narrowly
ipti
t p
elliptic the larger s obtuse: capsules
conic-elliptie, ong, much surpassing
0
and pitted. [Ascyrum UL ed T. &G
Ha ypericum microsepalum (T. A. Gra
—Low pinelands, edges of d. and fence-rows, Coastal Plain, N Fla. and S
Ga.—
| 8. HYPERICUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaves more or less
black-dotted. Sepals 5, Pod equal. Corolla cms us inequilateral
or nearly equilateral. Stam mostly gro Style relatively xus
Capsule not include cen ‘210 species, us pce —StT. JOHN
WorTs.—Some species are used medicinally.
Stamens few or several, 5-12, usually in 3 clusters: petals copper-yellow.
I, CANADENSIA.
Stamens numerous, 15—40, distinct or in clusters
Styles 3, n easels 4: capsule 3- oven or 1- celled and with
3 more or less intruding ie ene ae.
HYPERICACEAE
Capsule i-celled or incompletely 3-celled.
Capsule with parietal placentae, 1-celled.
Tl s
plac
Capsule Commpictéls 3-cell
ed.
erbs, perennial, cn stoloniferous: stem simple or
h
sparingly brane
Shrubs with tap roots: stem much-branched.
Styles 5: capsule 5-celled.
I. CANADENSIA
Leaf-blades linear.
Leaf-blades ovate, oval, or oblong.
epals obtuse or Som hat acute:
Sepals acuminate: leaf-blades acute.
leaf-blades obtuse.
II. VIRGATA
Styles distinct: stigmas capitate.
Foliage glabrous: sepals not cilia
epals conspicuously imbricate, ‘at least the outer
ae adest at the base: leaf-blades broadest about
the middle.
Sepals not conspicuously imbricated, at least the
outer broadest about the middle: leaf-blades
2 oadest about the base
Foli : sepals ciliate.
Styles a eden at least below : stigmas ute.
cd 1 road or more pee over 6 mm.
1
Corolla I ES 18 mm. broad; capsules less than
Capsules rondes at the top, about as long as the
sepa
Capsdles broadest at the base
Sepals obtuse: seeds striate n pitted.
Sepals acute or acutish: transversely
wrinkled.
III. AMBIGUA
Sepals very small or at least not foliaceous.
. Leaves never in conspicuous axillary clusters ; blades
relatively broad.
Sepals obtuse or merely acutish.
a3 long as the petals :
E y b 2 a cap-
Sepals over Ty a done as the petals: eapsules
Sepals a Ace or acuminate.
Leaves in conspicuous axillary ARAS blades nar-
row.
Leaves of the axillary clusters mostly uch
smaller than the ene pair; blades neither
ar nor flesh
in terminal eeen corymbs: buds
‘broadly one mountain species.
Cymes in elongated narrow panicles: buds
conie : o land species
Leaves linear-oblong, spatulate or oblanceo-
E e.
ves narrowly linear or narrowly linear-
ula
spa
Leaves of s axillary clusters about as large as
the or slightly shorter; blades
ace a nea subulate, fleshy, about as
the petals or fully 15 as
ng: leaves mostly over 10 mm. long.
Senne less than % as long as the petals:
leaves mostly less than 10 mm. long.
dis foliaceous.
Leaf-blades eordate-claspin
Leaf-blades more or less owed to the sessile or
short petioled base
Flowers sessile: ade ovoid-globose.
Flowers pedicelled : buds conic.
II. VIRGATA.
mpletely 3-celled by the intrusion of the
III. AMBIGUA.
IV. MACULATA.
ROLIFICA.
VI. LOBOCARPA.
PY
. H. canadense.
mutilum.
2, H.
3. gymnanthum.
H.
. denticulatum.
5. H. acutifolium.
etosum.
. dolabriforme,
turgidum.
opacum.
cistifolium.
11. H. nudiflorum.
. apocynifolium.
H. adpressum.
. H. glomeratum.
15. H.
16. H.
ambiguum.
galioides.
H. fasciculatum.
co
x
aspalathoides.
myrtifolium.
aureum.
H. splendens.
870 . HYPERICACEAE
IV. MACULATA
Corolla less than 15 mm. broad.
Lea m jud ee aes or merely sessile, with a
rou . H. subpetiolatum.
Lea f. blades eiie =a more or less clasping. 23. H. punctatum.
Corolla over mm, bro
Upper leaves and bra cts with ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late blades: petals spotted all over. 24. H. pseudomaculatum.
Upper leaves and bracts with oblong blades: petals
spotted around the ed
N
Coto
ES ane poa merely dotted : capsules usually
han 6 m 25. H. perforatum.
ed nd petals striped with black: capsules
usually over 6 m igh.
Corolla about 3 c ere styles filiform. 26. H. graveolens
Corolla 1.5-2 cm. p ad: styles subulate. 27. H. Sfitehetlianum.
V. PROLIFICA
Stems diffusely spreading or decumbent. 28. H. Buckleyi.
Stem To relatively tall.
Flow S few in narrow panicles: corolla over 1.5 cm.
29. H. prolificum.
Flowers numerous in rather corymb-like panicles:
corolla less than 1.5 cm. broad. 0. H. densiflorum.
VI. LOB
Much-branched SE EUD, with numerous et) pos and
a 5-lobed capsule. 31. H. lobocarpum.
1. H. canadense t 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades 3-nerved: sepals
lanceolate or linear- lanceolat e, 3-5 mm. long: petals 3-6 mm. long: capsule
4-8 —Mo
mm. long, acute. oist, often acid, soil,
various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain , Ga.
to Ala., Wis., Man., and Newf.—Sum.
H. mutilum L. Plant 1-8 pis bung ed
blades pasen d -ovate to ovate,
oblong, 5-nerved: sepals elliptic to "alliptie:
lanceolate: petals about 3.5 mm. long: cap-
sule 2-3 m ARF
use.
JOHN ’S-woRT.)—Wet sand and miry places,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex. Man., and
N. S.—Sum.-fall.
3. H. gymnanthum Engelm. & Gray. Plant
2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, 5—7 ne iam
Mie ee Pu tals 3—6 mm. long: cap-
about 4 mm. long.—Moist iiim and wet sandy soil, various prosances; Fla.
6 Ter. Mo., Mich, and N. C.—Sum.
4. H. denticulatum Walt. Plant perennial, 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic
Or deeded so, 1-3 em E aeute, (oval and relatively shorter, with the sepals
oval to ovate, in H. den tum ovalifolium): sepals more or less foliaceous,
Be elliptic. lanceolate or slightly broadened upwar d Kn mm. long:
ies copper-yellow, aoe long: Vai ovoid, about long. [H.
vir m.|— —(CorP ERY ‘Sr. JOHN "S WOR T.)— — Acid s "Eon and pine-
s various provinces, Fla. to Ill. and N. J.—Sum
5. H. acutifolium Ell. Plant LR puel 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm. long, acuminate: se ir als linear to
linear pow a 5-5 mm. long: Disi e copper- -yellow, 5-6 m g: eapsule
ovoid, abou . long —Low bae Coastal Plain and prc E adj.
provinces, Fla. n pu Tenn., N. C.—Sum
6. H. setosum L. Plant annual or biennial, 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ellip-
tie, e or ovate-lanceolate, 3-15 mm. long: sepals oval, ovate, or ovate-lanceo-
HYPERICACEAE 871
late, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: petals yellow, 5-6 mm long: capsule oval or ovoid-
oval, 4-5 mm. cs d pilosum Walt. ]—Moist pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La. and N. C.—
7. H. dolabriforme Vent. Plant perennial, woo ody, 2-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades
linear or nearly so, 2—5 em. long: sepals foliacenus, lanceolate to ovate-lanceo-
late, 6-10 mm. po. petals yellow, 8— lon ng: eapsule conic-ovoid, 7—9
mm. long.—Dry | various ad N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to Mo.,
Ky., and Ga.—Spr.-
8. H. turgidum Small Plant d es woody, 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades
is pese to e lanceolate, o 2.0 cm. long: sepals ovate to a ie, 3—4
ong: petals yellow, 6-8 m jus capsule subglobose, about 3
pen turgid.—Wooded lanes Appalachian provinces, Ala.—Sum
9. H. opacum T. & G; Plant perennial, woody, 3-16 dm. Eon pns ph
elliptie to ig area or sometimes linear-elliptic, 1-3 e sepa
orbicular or sh te t elli iptie-ovate, 2.5-4 mm. long: stals e Me
about 5 mm, long: ae ovoid, 5-6 mm. long.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to La., and S. C.—Sum
H. cistifolium Lam. Plant woody, 3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-
0.
elliptic to linear-lanceolate, or du id narrowly elliptie, 1.5-8 em. long:
sepals ovate to lanceolate, 3—4 mm. -lon : petals cuneate to obovate-cuneate,
90-8 mm. long, bright-yellow: V ind globose or globose-ovoid, 4—6 mm . long.
[H. sphaerocarpun. Miehx.]—River-banks, and rocky- slopes, various provinces,
Ala. to Miss., Kans., Ia.,.and E — Sum
11. H. nudiflorum Michx. Plant Ta .9—10 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptie
to ee 1.5-6 em. long: sepals Eo p elliptic-oblanceolate,
3-3.5 mm. long: petals bright-yellow, 7-8 mm. long: capsule conic- -ovoid.—
F soil, Coastal Plain and rarely adj. UR Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—
Sum
12. H. n Small. Plant 4-7 dm. tall: leaf- n elliptie or
nearly so . long: a spatulate, elliptic or oval, 4-5 mm. long: petals
elliptic, 2 F ra Ee yellow; vere ellipsoid-conic —Swamps, "Coastal Plain,
la. to Tex., Ark., and Ga. —Sum
H. adpressum a Plant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly ee
to lanceolate, 2—6 em. long, P MR veined: sepals lanceolate to
lanceolate, 4-6 mm long: o cuneate, 6-8 mm. long, bright-yellow: ud |
diy the body 5- 6 mm ng.—(CREEPING ST. JOHN'S-WOR PE —Swamps and
ond-margins, various S02 Ga. to La., Tenn., and Mass.—Sum.
14. H. glomeratum Small. Shrub 3-10 dm. tall: leaf- MAE hp) ellip-
tie to puse ce or nearly linear, 2—4 cm. long, sessile: sepals rather foliace-
ous, narrowly elliptie to linear-elliptie, 5-6 mm. long: pub "bright yellow.
cuneate- espatulate, fully 1 cm. COE eapsules densely peur; apap ir
-6 m
15. H. ambiguum Ell. Shrub 0.5-1. 5 m. tall evergreen: leaf-bl lades linear-
elliptic to spatulate, 1-2.5 em. long: sepals linear or slightly broadened upward,
o mm. | | uneate, al
5-7 mm. long, bright-yellow: capsule almost conic, 5-6 mm. hi . galioides
pallidum C. S us swamps and stream-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Miss. and S.C.—Spr.-s
872 HYPERICACEAE
16. H. En Lam. Shrub 3-18 dm. high or taller, evergreen: leaf-
blades narrowly linear or slightly broadened upward, 0.5—1.5 em. long: sepa
linear or Bip. mm. long: petals euneately narrowed, obliquely
or almost laterally pointed, 4—7 mm. long, ea ce DEN conie, 9
. long, acute.—Low pinelands and swamps, Coas a dixi adj.
provinces, Fla. to Miss., Tenn., and N. C. (or Del?) pid
17. H. fasciculatum Lam. Shrub 9—45 dm. tall, evergreen: leaves numerous,
a bunch usually clustered in the axils of the "lar arger ones; ra 2
1-2 , 9—4 mm
linear-filiform, 1-2 em. long, or shorter in the clusters: sepals li
long, ebd 1 mm. wide: petals De obliquely iD. ' 7-8 mm.
long: capsule ovoid or conic-ovoid, 4— . long. —(SAND-WEED. )—Ponds and
low pinelands, Coastal Plain, bn Ae ou and N. C.—Spr.—fa all. —A growth of
this shrub in indica hard Rud bottom, TA -~ common name.
It often reaches tree-like form in swamps near the gulf co
18. H. m Willd. Shrub 2-8 dm tall, evergreen: leaves ver y
clus t
: , f
such a bright yellow that they seem to irritate the eye. Those of this von
come in that class, particularly when the plants are in open sunny place
19. H. myrtifolium Lam. Shrub 3-10 dm. tall, evergreen: leaf- ee ovate
to elliptic-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate or rarely nearly elliptic, 1-3 lon
sepals foliaceous, ovate, 5-8 mm. long: pet tals obovate, 12-15 m a ene bright.
hea capsule pyramidal-ovoid, incompletely 3-e elled or ay 4-celled, 5—6
i hi ugh —Low pinelands and ‘ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C.
E
20. H. aureum Bartr. Shrub 6-12 dm. tal: leaf- ns elliptie to ovate-
elliptie, 2. 5—7 em. long, gla peii: beneath: flowers ve howy, usually solitary,
sometimes 3 in terminal or axillary cymes: pub ~ a broadened
upward: petals quite ee 15-23 mm. long, golden-yellow: oe conic,
1.3-2 em. high, acuminate at the apex. (GOLDEN Sr. JoHN’s-wortT.)—Bluffs
and tia ees often in calcareous soil, various provinces, rarely Coastal
Plain, Ga. to Tex., Tenn., S. C—Sum
= H. splendens Small. Shrub 0.5-1.5 m. bos leaf- eui elliptie, 1.5-2.5
. long, glaucous, especially beneath: flow very showy, several or many
in ‘terminal or axillary cymes: sepals cu elliptie, m , apieulate, the
outer about 8 Lx i , the inner 5 mm. long: petals golden-yellow, cuneate,
oblique, 1.5-2 cm. long: capsules often crowded, conie, 1. 5 em. high, acuminate
at the apex as rocks, Stone Mt. on the Piedmont of Ga.—Sum. -
n. eh a ue PA often gradually so, at the base, short-petioled :
als bec 3—4 mm. long, the narrower ones linear, the ade e Tee
bnc. all pee ae petals dull-yellow, 5-7 mm. long, sparingly bla
streaked : capsule a or globose- -ovoid, 4-6 mm ene: —Woods and thickets,
various provinces, Ga. to Miss. and Me. ’ Sum
23. m. Plant dark-green, not ean -scented, 2-9 :
Fon E pru thick, dne utu to elliptie-obovate t iri ovate, 1-7
obtuse or retuse the apex, ha en narro med. or subeordate, and
often pits aang at the base: sepals ing 3.5-4.5 ong, nar-
ower ones elliptic, the Bode elliptie- Rh. or elliptie- erate: all acute,
HYPERICACEAE 873
sometimes abr oe P petals m yellow, 5-7 mm. long, copiously
blaek-streaked: capsu oid, 3-5 mm. long. [H. maculatum WaM.]—
(SPOTTED ST. JoHN’S- UE oy soils or hillsides, various provinces, M to
Tex., Kans., Ont., and Que
24. H. pseudomaculatum Bush. nen bright-green, not heavy-scented
4-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate or nearly elliptic, 1.5-4.5 em.
long, acutish or obtuse, often re Su. sessile and elasping by the broad
copper yellow, 11-15 m m. long, black-streaked: Baci ovoid, 4—5 mm. long.—
Woods Li dry soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ill, and S. C.—
Spr.-su
25. H. perforatum L. Plant 4-7 dm. pe ee are linear-elliptie, 0.5—2
em. eds dt e. us of the main stem usually subtending leafy
branches: sepals linear-lanceolate, 3-4 mm. eae a. glandular-punctate:
0i lique
—(SmT. JouwN's-wEED.)— Dry fields and waste- P aces, various
provinces, nearly throughout U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—Sum
H. graveolens Buckl. Plant erect or decumbent, 2-9 dm. tall: leaf-
blades ovate to elliptic, Par n or ER at the base: sepals lanceo-
inear-lanceolate, 6— ong, acuminate: corolla copper-yellow, about
3 em. broad; petals decidedly oboe. eed below the middle, faintly
streaked with brown on one side: capsule conic- m 10-12 mm. long.—Moist
woods and open s opes, Blue Ridge, N. C. and T enn.—Sum —Most abundant
at about 6,000 feet
. Mitchellianum Rydb. Plant similar to H. graveolens: leaf-blades
thickish, ee or ovate-elliptie, 2-6 d long, obtuse, mostly rounded at the
base: sepals ovate to lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, acute: corolla copper-yellow,
15-2 em. Du. ; petals delicate, decidedly Eod with brown on one side:
eapsule ovoid, 8-10 mm. long.— ( LUE RIDGE ST. JOHN’S-wortT.)—Moist mtn.
slopes, p Fides, N. C. and Tenn. to Va. —Sum.—Most. abundant at 4,000—
9,000 fee
28. H. Buckleyi M. A. Curtis. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, decumbent or ascendin ng,
m i matted: leaf-blades obovate, elliptic- ‘obovate, or elliptic, 0.5—2
. lon unded at the apex or retuse: sepals obovate or spatulate, 4-5 mm
o
TAIN ST. JOHN kd ps tes iffs and rocky mtn. summits, Blue Ridge and adj
provinees, Ga. to N.
H. prolifieum L. Shrub 3-12 dm. tall, the — narrowly 2-winged
" -blades narrowly elliptie or rarely lanceola ate, 2-8 em. long, short- ro
Pn few- dae short-peduneled, in cylindric panicles: sepals mostly ob-
, 4-6 m m. long: c orolla deep-yellow, 2—2.5 em. broad: penis, conie or
narrowly ovoid, 8—10 mm. long, acute.—( BROOM- m SHRUBBY ST. JOHN’S-
wo ocky a nd s andy w oods and stream-banks, often in calcareous soil,
oe ons provinces, RU Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., Ark., Minn., and N. Y.
30. S = nsiflorum Pursh. Shrub m dm. ju leaf-blades linear, linear-
obla late, or linear-elliptie, 1-5 em. long, aeute: sepals unequal, elliptie to
elliptic. DE te, 2-2.5 mm. long: corolla bright yellow, 1-1.5 cm. broad;
petals obliquely pointed: capsule oe 4—6 long, slightly 3- lobed, com-
pletely 3-celled—(Bus T. JOH N’S-WORT. Acid ii and marshes,
various provinces, Fla. e Tex., Mo., and N. J.—Sum
874 HYPERICACEAE
31. H. lobocarpum vi ua Shrub 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades narrowly
elliptic or oblanceolate, 2—7 cm. lon ng: bun numerous: sepals elliptie to
éd e da 2.5-3.5 mm. long, r obtuse: corolla pd 1-1.5 em.
broad: petals rather cuneate: psy $ celled, 9-lobed, 5-7 em. long, separat-
ing into 5 carpels at D ee and low parade. “Coastal Plain,
Tenn. and Blue Ridge, N. C.—Spr.-
; SAROTHAA L . Wiry scaly-leaved annual herbs. Sepals 5, equal or
nearly so. Stamens grouped. Sa relatively long. Capsule exserted.—T wo
species, of eastern North Ameri
Flowers sessile or nearly so: sepals much shorter than the conic e
. S. gentianoides.
Flowers pedicelled: sepals and ovoid or oval-ovoid capsule about
equal in length, or sepals slightly shorter. 2. S. Drummondii.
1. S. gentianoides L. Stem 1-5 dm. : leaves seale-like, appressed, much
shorter than d ee often ee r those on the lower part of the
stem sometim ur" elliptie:
sepals n. Or ori os mm.
long.—(PINEWEED. ORANGE-GRASS.)
E and rocky soil in fields, pastures, and
on roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Ont. and Me.—-Sum.-fall —Sometimes used
rnediinalls.
2. S. Drummondii Grev. & Hook. Stem 1-
6 dm. tall: leaves dia but longer po
wl
the internodes, narrowly linear or linear-
subulate, erect d strongly s ep sepals
linear-lanceola -4 long: corolla
deep-yellow " 10-12 mm. bis d: stamens 10-
20: capsule ovoid or oval-ovoid.—Dry soil, pastures, and hillsides, various
provinees, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Va —Sum.—Rare E.
5. SANIDOPHYLLUM Small. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaves
minutely pustulate, rather d ipo blades very narrow, those of the flower-
ing stem erect or appres epals un-
ibb
g
equal, 2—4-ribbed. in yellow: petals
with the midnerve. nearly lateral and an
oblique blade on one side. Stamens grouped
in 4’s. Styles filiform. Capsule invested
by the persistent perianth at the base, the 3
valves distinct.—One species
S. cumulicola Small. a Ea
few or many together, wiry, 2-7 c
with the leafy npn on the cade ie
base: leaves linear-subulate, 1-6 m
sepals broadly linear to ovate e, ll
4m
long: petals yellow, 3— . long: capa
5-6 mm. long, sabes ced brown
Scrub S pen. Fla.—A1l year.—The pla nts grow only in the white sand of the
serub and resembles some species of = ow-flax (Cathartolinum) in habit as
well as the color and size of the flower
THEACEAE 875
. TRIADENUM Raf. Leafy perennial herbs, resembling species of
Hypericum. Corolla pink, sometimes tinged with green or purple. epals 5
equal. Stamens mostly 9, grouped in 3's, the filaments of each group well
united. Styles relatively long. Capsule exserted. Three species, of eastern
North America—Sum.—MarsuH ST. JOHN'S-WORTS.
Filaments united near the bas 1. T. virginicum.
Filaments united to above Hom iddle. l
Leaf-blades sessile, truncate or subcordate at the base. 2. T. longifolium.
- Leaf-blades petioled, narrowed at the bas 3. T. petiolatum.
1. T. eT (L.) Raf. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic or ovate,
2—10 em. long, obtuse, elasping: sepals Ianceolate to elliptic, 5-6 mm. long,
ped petals obovate to oblanceolate or
nearly elliptic, 8-10 mm. lo ong, a Min
ca y nerv
long.—Acid bogs and sandy swamps, vari-
ous “provinces, Fla. to La., Man., and Lab.
2. T. longifolium Small. Stem 3-6 dm.
tall: leaf-blades oblanceolate to elliptic:
se
Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala
3. T. petiolatum (Walt.) Britton. io
3—10 dm. tall: le eap elliptic or
. lon
rowly elliptic, 2-15 e ng: sepals elliptic or p) so 2.5—3.5 mm. long,
obtuse: Bes elliptic -obovate, 4.6.5 long: capsule ellipsoid, prismatic
8-10 m ong.—Swamps and borders Cof ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
Mo., lom N J.
FaAwriLv 6. THEACEAE — CAMELLIA FAMILY
Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate. Flowers perfect and showy.
Calyx of 5, or ra i 4-7, imbricate sepals. Corolla of 5, or rarely of 4-7,
petals. Andro m of numerous, or rarely few, stamens. Gynoecium of
—5 partly or “wholly united carpels. Fruit mostly capsular, sometimes
indehiscent.—Sixteen genera and about 160 species, natives of tropical
and temperate regions
Sepals slightly unequal: ovules 2, ascending: seeds lenticular, sometimes margined.
S ord ovate, united at the base: filaments united at the
eg styles united: capsule not beaked: seeds margin-
les 1. STUARTIA.
sepa als narrowly oblong, distinct: filaments distinct:
styles distinct: capsule long-beaked : seeds margined. 2. MALACHODENDRON.
Sepals very unequal: ovules 4-8, Benquiomos seeds strongly
angled or winged.
Leaf-blades membranous, deciduous: flowers nearly ses-
sile: filaments distinct: capsule globose: seeds angled. 3. FRANKLINIA.
E lE leathery, persistent: flowers long-pedicelled :
ents united into a thick tube: capsule ovoid:
eed winged. 4. GORDONIA.
| 1. STUARTIA IL. Shrubs. Leaf-blades usually toothed. Sepals mostly
5, relatively broad. Petals mostly 5, white. Style columnar. Stigma radiate.
876 THEACEAE
Capsule globular or — —Four species,
American and Japan
1. S. Malachodendron L. Shrub 1-5 m.
se leaf- pres flag d or sometimes
vate or obov 5— 1 lon
1 ong: sepals
bon l em. bu. : petals yes 3-5 em.
long: capsule depressed-globular, 12—17
in diameter.— (SILKY CAMELLIA IAN-
STUARTIA.)— Wooded banks and hillsides,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, W Fla. to
La., Tenn., and Va.—Spr.—In Florida only
in the Kno x Hill country, where it muris in
company with Illicium PA oridanum and
nolia Ashei.—The stamens are wr
purple. .
2. MALAOHODENDRON Cav. Shrubs resembling Síuartia. Sepals
mostly 6, relatively narrow. Petals mostly 5, white. Styles 5, subulate.
Stigmas introrse. Capsule slightly elon-
gate.—One species
1. M. pentagynum (L’Her.) Small. Shrub
F - m. 2 leaf-blades ovate, ied or ellip-
6-1 rea sepals 1-1.5 em. long:
pela obovate, 3.5 cm. Tei ca apsule
void, 1.5-2 c E ong. [Stuartia d
[
L'Her. NUS CAMELLIA. NTAIN-
STUARTIA.)—Along streams and a prs
Blue Ridge to Appalachian ei Lir a
Piedmont, Ga. to Ala., Ky., and V.
early sum.—Contrary to Stuartia which s seks
the lower tesis this genus inha
higher ones, apparently entering the DI
E Va.
Plain only in S
3. FRANKLINIA Marsh. Trees. Leaves deciduous. Flowers nearly ses-
sile. Sepals 5. Petals 5, unequal, white. Stamens distinct, adnate to the
bases of the petals. Style ridged. Capsule loculidical from the top and septi-
cidal from the bottom.—One species.
1. F. Alatamaha Marsh. Shrub or
tree with smooth black bark: leaf indes pos ee
lanceolate to oblong-obovate, 6-15 cm. long, uy.
serrate: sepals 12-14 mm. long: corolla 7—9 129
em. broad: capsule subglobose, 1.5-2 cm
in diameter: seeds 12—14 mm. long. [Gor-
donia Pici L’Her. |—(Lost CAMELLIA.
eae E.)— "IE acid sandy soil in
mem SN o Eo f Ft. Barrington, on the
eae River, S W of Townsend, in the
Coastal Plain of Ga.—Su m.—Associafed with
Pinckneya pubens. Discovered by John and Q
William Bartram in 1765. Not seen n its
native pons since "1790, but ee in
cultivation
4, GORDONIA Ellis. Trees. Leaves persistent. Flowers long-pedi
d
celled. Sepals and petals, 5, concave. Stamens borne on a 5-lobed disk.
TURNERACEAE 877
Style terete. Capsule Pe —About 16
species, American and Asia
. G. Lasianthus (L.) Ellis. Large trees
with firm furrowed gray bark: leaf-blades
narrowly elliptie or n -15 cm
long, appressed-serrate: sepals 8-10 m
Y. -BA RED-
—Non- aluvial swamps and bays,
acid soil, Coastal EH "Fla. to La. an
C. (or S Va. — [he souther
some times used for E "Th ne red heart-
wood, close-grained But light and soft, is loeally used for eabinet-work.
FAMILY 7. TURNERACEAE — TURNERA FAMILY
erbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades entire, rats or pin-
natifid, pinnately veined. Flowers mostly perfect. Calyx of 5 ‘imbricate
sepals. Corolla of 5 convolute delicate petals. An oo of 5 distinct
stamens. Gynoecium of 3 united car B Ovary l-eelled, with 3 parietal
placentae opposite the styles. Fruit a 3-valved capsu e.— Six genera and
about 180 species, tropical and subtropical.
Ovary seated in a receptacle with a crown-like edge: plant herbaceous, 1. PIRIQUETA.
Ovary seated in a receptacle without a crown: plant partially
oody. 2. TURNERA.
1. PIRIQUETA Aubl. Herbs. Sepals slightly united. Sti igmas lobed.
— About 20 species, mostly in tropical and subtropical America —Spr.-fall or
all year southward.
Foliage glabrous, at least to the inflorescence.
Pedicel and calyx glabrous: bracts leaf-like. 1. P. viridis.
Pedicel and calyx pubescent : bracts seale-like. 2. P. lit ia
Foliage tomentose or hirsute throughout.
Stem tomentose. . 3. P. tomentosa,
Stem hirsute as well as tomentose. 4. P. caroliniana.
1. P. glabrescens Small. Plants Ee up to the inflorescence, 4—6 dm. tall:
leaf- blades narrowly linear, 1-5 em. long, entire: corolla light-yellow: capsule
about 5 mm. long — Everglades Du swamps, Fla
2. P. viridis Small. Plants glabrous, 1-5
dm. tall: leaf blades linear-spatulate to
linear, 3-8 cm. long, repand: calyx-lobes
lanceolate: corolla yellow: capsule 7—8 mm.
in diameter.—Pinelands, Fla
3. P. tomentosa H.B.K. Plants stellate-
tomentose, 2—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades oval,
a
TOW lli
late, 1—4 ong, crenate-serrate: corolla
bright- Lo. d 0—6 mm. in diameter.
—Pinelands, S pen. Fla. and the
The stems are sometimes hirsute near the
base
878 CISTACEAE
4. P. car roliniana (Walt.) Urban. Plants fulvous-hirsute, 1-4 dm. tall: leaf-
blades obovate, elliptic, cuneate, lanceo sages or rarely oval, 1-7 cm. long, repand
or crenate-serrate: corolla de es du core sule 5-7 mm. long.—Pinelands and
sand-dunes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.
2. TURNERA L. Shrubs or partly woody plants. Flowers usually
solitary and axi e Corolla yellow. Stigmas 3, brush-ike.—AÀbout 75 spe-
cies, mostly Americ
1. T. ulmifolia L. Shrub 2 m. tall or less,
with appre ssed-pubescent branehlets: leaf-
blades cR va ped ps len Or spatulate,
. lon r crenate-ser-
e on bes lanceolate
C CR acum be: petals yellow,
-8 em. long: capsule globular to ovoid,
mm. long.—Hammoeks and
places, bias pA 2 to ae Nat. o
e —(W. I., , C. A.,
i sed medicinally. This pU
go.
washing and scouring of Moa and the
clearing aa building operations covering
most of the island have not eliminated it from the flora.
Faminty 8. CISTACEAE — ROCK-ROSE FAMILY
Shrubs or partially woody plants. Leaves alternate or oppos
blades simple. Flowers generally perfect. Calyx of 3-0 persistent sepa
Corolla of 5 or 3 often fugacious petals, or wanting. Androecium of 6
or more stamens. Gynoecium of usually 3 united earpels. Fruit a cap-
sule.—Nine genera RE about 160 species, natives of the Northern Hemis-
here.
Petals 5, yellow, fugacious or wanting.
Leaves with flat blades ; ege short. Se S
Leaves seale-like or sub bulat e; style elongate. 5i Hupso
Petals 3, greenish or purplish, withering-persistent. 3. LEC a
i CROCANTHEMUM Spach. Erect plants. Leaf-blades flat, but
often narrowly revolute-margined. Flowers of two kinds, the earliest com-
plete, showy with yellow petals and many stamens, some or all of the later
ones apetalous, inconspicuous, and with few stamens. Ovules pendulous. Cap-
sules of the gage flowers larger than those of the apetalous ones.
Haein eae (Fl. SE. S.)]—About 25 species, American.—ROCK-ROSES.
-ROSES. opio
Flowers few, in a simple raceme- -like leafy-bracted inflorescence. I. CAROLINIANA.
Flowers, at Jea st the apetalous Mi cluster
ES lifer s and apetalous flowers in the same clusters II. CORXMBOSA.
liferous flowers solitary or dew: eee alous flowers
numerous, clustered, later in the seaso J. CANADENSIA.
I. CAROLINIANA
Leaves mostly in a basal rosette. 1. C. carolinianum.
oe CORYMBOSA
Flowers in a dense terminal e 2. C. corymbosum.
Flowers in seattered or panicled “glusters.
Flower-clusters scattered or solitar
1 Contributed by John ido Bonus
CISTACEAE 879
Een SE 6-8 mm. long; lateral nerves of leaves
minent beneath.
Sepais" Décomin 4-6 mm. long: lateral nerves of
leaves pro eens 2e 4. C. georgianum.
Flower- due in re or less elongate thyrsoid
pan
c3
. C. arenicola.
Deval E. E apetalous flowers fully 2 mm. long at
Se En T Pun scentipuleru ione
5. C. Nashii
Sepals hirsute. 6. C. thyrso
Sepals of the apetalous flowers less than 2 mm. lene 7. C. Eom Or a.
III. CANADENSIA
Petaliferous flowers 1 or 2, their capsules p overtopped by
the apetalous inflorescence. 8. C. canadense.
Petaliferous oe S 5-12, the apetalous inflorescence on short
ateral branche 9. C. Bicknellii.
1, C. carolinianum (Walt.) Spach. Stem hirsute, 0.5-2.5 dm. tall: leaves
mostly in a basal rosette; blades Ode dE to elliptic, 2—4 em. long: flow-
ers few, in a raceme- like, cre ted i
floreseence: petaliferous "flow ri -
3 amens
m [I
linianum (Wal t) Micha. ui Dads
Coastal Plain, N Fla. to E Tex. and N. C.—
Spr.
2. C. n Eee 2 og
finely and dens escent, dm.
a o blades E or the s t obo-
m. lon ale ben
green p corolla bright-yellow, 16—20
. broad: eapsule of the larger flowers 4-6 mm. bro ad, many-seeded, that of
the apetalous ones smaller and few-seeded. [H. corymbosum Michx x.]— —-Pine-
lands, dunes, and open hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C. —Spr.-sum. or all
ear S.
3. C. arenicola (Chapm.) Barnhart. Stem canescent- tomentulose, 1-2 dm.
long: leaf-blades n c iptic, 1-2.5 em. long, obtuse, only the midrib promi-
nent benéath: petaliferous flowers with 25 stamens and 20 ovules, the fa ti aca
with 5 sta S
10 poo e vat
becoming 6-8 mm. long: corolla yellow, 16-20 mm. broad: capsule bo out
4 mm. long. [Z. arenicola Chapm.]—Coastal sand- dunes, Fla. to Miss. .—Spr.
. Beorgianum (Chapm.) Barnhart. Stem 1.5-3 7 long: leaf-bla
ens A :
sepals various, the larger ovate or amu, phis ng 4-6 mm i ng, ac or
slightly acuminate: corolla Pe , 15-18 mm. bids capsule ovoid- SO.
about 4 mm. long, apieulat [H. geo o a apm.]—Sandy woods, pine-
lands, e; and fields, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to E Tex. and Va.—Spr.
9. C. Nashii (Britton) Barnhart. Stem 1.54 dm. lo ong: leaf-blades ellip-
tie or linear -elliptic, 1-3 em. long, the midrib very prominent beneath: oan
erous flowers with 15 sta amens and 8— l0 ovules, the apeta alous with 9s tamens
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880 CISTACEAE
6. C. thyrsoideum Barnhart. Plant similar to C. Nashii in habit, 2 Nd
inflorescence less widely branched, and the sepals densely hirsute. TH. t
soideum Barnh.]—Dry sandy soil, Pinellas Co., Fla.—Spr.
7. C. rosmarinifolium (Pursh) Barnhart. Stem 1.5-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades
linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate, or those on basal shoots broader, 1-3
em. long: petaliferous flowers few, with 12-30 stamens and 8 ovules, "their
sepals ovate, 2-3 mm. long, the corollas 12-15 mm. br oad, their capsules 2—3
em. long: apetalous flowers in dense clusters, with 3 stamens and 3 ovules, the
capsule short-pedicelled, abou mm. broa H. dabei Mi Pursh |—
Pinelands, -— fi elds, and roadsides, Coastal Plain, N Fla. E Tex. and
C—Sum
C. Mmm (L.) Britton. Stem 1-6 dm. one leaf- Min elliptic,
linear- -elliptie, or oblanceolate, nearly sessile, 1.2-3 em. long, rough and dark-
green above, paler and canescent beneath: petali erous a with 30 stamens
and 30-60 o | i j
and 6-8 mm. long: apetalous flowers appearing later, axillary, nearly sessile,
with 4 stamens and 6-20 ovules, the capsule about 4 mm. in diameter: s
pais e. [H. canadense (L.) Michx. ] — (FRosT-WEED .)—Acid sandy or rocky
soil, often in woods, various provinces, N. C. to Miss., Wis., and Me.—Spr.—fall.
9. C. Bicknéllii (Fernald) Barnhart. eee m iss Lr leaf-blades e
tic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute obtu 1.5-3.5 cm. long, stellate
eanescent beneath, pens above, short- end ' petaliferous flowers with 30
stamens and 30—60 ovules, As pear eai canescent, the outer nearly as
long as the inner, ene rolas 1.5 . broad, light- sine the capsule
ovoid, 3-4 mm. long: apetalous ae appearing later, . 4 stamens and
6-20 ovules: seed evenly reticula ae [H. majus (Fl. SE. U. S.) H. Bicknellà
Fernald |—-(Hoary F eG Dry soil, pou in open woods or old fields,
various piovincon S. C. to Tex., Colo., and N. S.—Spr.-fall.
JDSONIA L. Diffüse-spreading tufted or matted shrubs. Leaf-
— subulate or scale-like. Flowers complete. Corolla bright-yellow. Ovules
erect. Capsules all alike-—Three eee of eastern North America.—BEACH-
ER FALSE-HEATHERS.
Flowers sessile or nearly so: leaves scale-like: ovary glabrous. ^u H. tomentosa.
Flowers slender- DM leaves subulate : ovary pubescent.
Ovary po n t all over: one sepal, at least, with a linear-
subulate 2. H. montana.
uiis i pubescent at the top: one sepal, at least, with a tooth
3. H. ericoides.
1. H. Md Nutt. eod tufted and intrieately branched, matted
hoary- pubeseent, Pee 1-2 dm. high, the branches stout, ascending: leaves 2
oval o r elliptic, densely imbricate
and UR d: sepals obtuse: capsule ovoid,
o
glabrous. CH-HEA )
the seashore and in pinelands, Coastal Plain
gland Coast, Nx
N. C. to N. B.;
and on lake and river shores, Great Lakes
Lowland, Ind. to Man.—Spr.-early sum.
montana Nutt. Bushy, Romo
villous throughout, iei branches tuft
5 dm. long: leaves eommonly erect, some-
=
long
densely pubescent: Mrs yellow, 9-11 mm
CISTACEAE 881
broad: capsule indc ies or broadly ellipsoid, 3-4 mm long, sparingly
p —Dry, stony summit of Table Rock and adj. peaks, in the Blue
Ridge of N. C. Lin —Now localized on a few enna peaks, but doubtless
ge
once of wider distribution, and perhaps the ancestor of the following s species
3. H. ericoides L. Bushy, ee 1-2 dm. high, ‘the principal
branches slender, ascending: leaves 6-8 mm. long, somewhat spreading, densely
"epa on the pire iud branch hes, more Vade V ipd older P pedieels
. 10-15 mm. long: flowers numerous: corolla abou . broad: sepals 4—6
a gres obtuse E) ee h: capsule iE ae pubescent.— (GOLpD-
HEATHER. )—Dry sandy or rocky soil, especially in pinelands near the coast,
Coastal Plain and New England Coast, N. C. to N. S.—Spr.
3. LECHEA Kalm. Erect plants with many very leafy shoots at
the base of the stem in the fall. Leaf-blades narrow, or those of the leaves
on the shoots often broad and -short. Flow complete, minute. i
purplish or greenish. Ovules erect. Capsules all alike.—Sum.—PINWE
Some species are used medicinally
als d annual flowering stems from the base of which rosettes of leafy shoots
Bloc. and fruits, relatively long-pedicelled, in long-peduncled lax clusters.
Flowers = fruits m droopin
alyx d the outer (arrow) sepals longer than
tlie inna I. LONGISEPALAE.
Calyx with the outer (narrow) sepals shorter than
the II. BREVISEPALAE.
ida ar end. ‘fruits droopin III. CERNUAE.
oe and fruits, very short-pedicelled, in short-
pe ncled elose or dense cluster IV. DIVARICATAE.
Plants largely woody, much branched, with copiously leafy
branches which later develop panicles at the tip. V. MYRIOPHYLLAE.
I. LONGISEPALAE
Blades of the cauline leaves of an oval or elliptic type.
ie ues: : nos or Bood C d. outer sepals much longer
inner: m n al shoots, stem, and branches
appressed-pubesce . 1. L. minor.
ae dives subglobose : prt sepals slightly longer than the
bas hoots, stem, and branehes with lax or
Sprcodine pu 2. L. villosa.
Blades of the cauline leaves of a linear or subulate type.
Capsule subglobose ellipsoid, or oval, not angle
Outer rie Ed longer than the inner: capsule
slightl rted from the calyx, longer than wide. 3. L: patula.
Outer SODHIB pum eh longer than the inner: capsule in-
lud about as wide as long. 4. L. tenuifolia.
Capsule ellipsoid-prismatic, decidedly 3-angled, fully 1.5
. long. 5. L. prismatica.
II. BREVISEPALAE
Capsule ellipsoid : 6. L.racemulosa.
Mr eid ule o eds or subglobose :
ap
Sula pP oval, much exserted: sepals spar-
ingly pubescent. T. L. exserta.
SS broadly oval scarcely exserted: sepals copi-
y pubescen 8. L. Leggettii.
Capsule er
lades of Ho 'eauline leaves linear-subulate: inner
UT about 1.5 mm. long. 9. L. Torreyi.
vU. of the cauline leaves linear to narrowly ellip-
: inner sepals about 2 mm. long. 0. L. maritima.
III. CERNUAE
Plant with several inconspicuously-pubes E xem ng stems
and several very stout copiously e pubescent branched
and copiously leafy basal shoots. 11. L.cernua.
56
882 CISTACEAE
IV. DIVARICATAE
Plant more or less diffuse, the branches with numerous rela-
Elec tt x branehes: the whole plant loosely gray-
pubes 12. L. divaricata.
V. MYBRIOPHYLLA
Leaf-blades subulate to elliptic-subulate: capsule dioe:
globose 13. L. Deck
Leaf-blades elliptie, sometimes narrowly so: capsule globose. 14. L. me un utu
1. L. minor L. Stem 1.5-6 dm. tall, the often numerous branches rather
. short, xu Or RM ascending, which terminate in open clusters: blades of
the cauline leaves oval or elliptie, 0.8—
em. long: basal shoots with strigose branches
and suborbicular or hs Bb es: ealyx
in fruit obovoid; inner mm. lon
at pun UE Jm outer sepals deeidedly longer
than i inner: eapsule oval or obovoid-oval,
about 1.5 mm. . lon ng, include d.—Dry woods
and banks, various uomen Fla. to La.
Mieh., and Mass.—
2. IL. villosa Ell Stem 3-8 dm. tall, with
br
short or long ascending branehes above,
h ter te in den wer, fruit,
elusters: foliage loosely, sometimes copiously
pubescent with gray hairs: bla he
cauline leaves elliptic, ps 2 i Eu
basal shoots slender with numerous es ps elliptie, oval, or ovate blades
much smaller than ices of ihe ca amiin e cleave calyx in fruit globos ose-turbinate
and a e ed inner sepals about 1.5 m maturity, outer sepals slightly
longer than the inner: capsule eo blontly 3 -angled, fully 1.5 mm. long,
dhills
sli EE pow —Dry woods, pinelands, san s, and prairies, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., S Ont., and Mass.—Sum.
. patula velie. Stem 1.5-4.5 dm. tall, iin s zar se Or
rl 4—9
divergent branches: blades of the cauline leaves linea nearly s
long: basal Spots with linear-elli ipti o Or Wade “spatulate leaf blede: oum
i pus EA inner sepals 1-1.5 mm. long at maturity; outer s epals aoe zt
longer than the inner: capsule oval, “often eae 1.5 mm. long o
exserted at the tip.—Dry.pi inelands, sand-dunes, and i ances Coastal Plain.
Fla. to S. O.—Sum.-fall or all year r 5.
4. L. tenuifolia Michx. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, laxly much-branched: foliage
finely strigose: blades of the cauline leaves narrowly linear or linear-s ubulate,
h es l
at maturity; pu sepals much exceeding the inner: capsule subglobose or
200 bu oi 1.5 mm. 1 or less, included.—Dry, often P or sandy
en plains, d prairies, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., Wis., and
Mass.—Spr.—fall.
5. L. prismatica Small. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, loosely- -branched, the branches
eauline 1 pd wly lin or linear ulat ; :
shoots with narrowly ore “elliptic e to Ae ney leaf-blades: calyx in
fruit narr es bie ate; inner sepals about 1.5 mm. long at maturity ? Pr
sepals much longer than the inner: Rana ellipsoid- Dod about
pops 3- angled, exserted at the tip.—Serub, S end of Lake Region, Fact
Sum.—fal
z
CISTACEAE 883
6. L. racemulosa Michx. Stem simple or ru at the base, the branches
erect or ascending, 1-5 dm. tall, copiously branched abov e the branchlets
slender, mostly ascending, rather inconspicuo iux d ilose: blades of the
eauline leaves elliptie-spatulate to elliptie, or linea “elliptic, mostly 1-2 em.
long, strigillose or glabrate: basal shoots with car E leaf-blades:
a yx in fruit narrowly pyriform; iuo sepals about 1.5 m ong at matur-
; outer sepals mueh shorter than the See capsule éllipsoid, fully 1.5 mm.
i slightly exserted.—Dry woods, often i Mai or roeky soil, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Ala., Ind., and E Mass.—Sum
7. L. exserta nae Stem usually eet at the base, the po
erect, 3-6 dm fastigiately much-brane above, inconspicuously y pu pe
cent: blades of Eds auline leaves pepe E to almost linear, glabrous or
nearly so: basal qi not seen: panieles many-flow ered: s linear- ‘elliptic
to su ubu late: calyx in fruit campanulate; inner sepals 1-1.2 mm. long, at
maturity ; D das slightly shorter than the inner: capsule narrowly oval,
hea 1.5 mm. long, much-exserted.—Dry pinelands, S pen. Fla.—Spr.-fall or all
year
8. Leggettii pue and Hollick. Stem branched at the base, the
branches erect or nearly so, loosely branched above, the branches long and
lender, on add strigillose: blades of the cauline leaves linear-spatulate
to linear, 1-2. aringly strigillose or glabrous: basal shoots with
dn elliptic leaf-blades ealyx in Sis broadly pyriform; inner ian
about 1.5 ong, at maturi rity; outer sepals much shorter than the inn
d ale RUND abo ut 1.5 mm. long, se areely exserted.—Dry woods, M o old
fields, and sand- -dunes, various provinces, Fla. to La., Ind.,
Il.
rreyi Legget Stem usually branched at the base, the branches
ee 5 dm. tall, the MU rather long and m ipd -strigose: blades
of the cauline leave es linear-subulate, mostly 1—1.5 em. long, acute, TUTTA
basal shoots Hos E ur similar to those of the stem DE slightly wider:
a
outer sepals m d sho ns an the inner: capsule ee ee a 5m
long, not exserted. inlands Coastal Plain, Fla. S. C.—Spr.-fall or all
ear S.
10. L. eu ad Leggett. Stem often branched at the base, the branches
1.5-3.5 m. tall, much-branched above, the branchlets rather short, gray-strigil-
jeg blades of poet iube leaves lin near to narrowly-elliptie, mostly 1-2 em.
long, whitish- bd basal shoots ud M elliptic leaf-blades: bracts
similar to the cauline Je ue but much s er: ealyx in fruit globose-obovoid:
inner pies er 2m ong at maturity; outer sepals Rees eld n the
inner: capsule CURE about 1.5 ong, not erted.—Sandy sea-
shores and pinelands, Coastal Plain and "New England Ci Ga. e Me.—
Sum.-fall.
11. L. cernua Small. Stem usually B at the base, the branches
3—6 dm. tall, often numerous, widely often much-branched above, the branch-
lets rather finely strigose: ae es of the tino leaves elliptie or ovate- elliptic,
about 1 e less, strigose, Jab ribbed: basal shoots with ovate to
E densely Dalai - af-blades: calyx in fruit turbinate; inner
sepals about ong at maturity; rd bus minute: eapsule obovoid,
about 2 mm. TEM furi dus .—Serub, on sand-dunes, Lake Region and
E coast, Fla—Sum.—fall.
12. L. divaricata Shuttlw. Stem often branched at the base, the branches
erect, ascending, or spreading, copiously pubescent with lax or spreadin g hairs;
884 l VIOLACEAE
the branchlets usually E ras short, ending in compact flow
or fruit-elusters: blades of the ous cauline and branch- pede elliptic,
often narrowly so, or MY 4-8 m en ng, acute: calyx in fruit obovoi id; inner
puts about 1.5 m dono 16 oosely Be cent; outer Des slightly m than
er: eapsule subglobose or globose-o obov oid, 2 mm. long, exserted.—Dry
pubes pe pen Fla., also reported from Tex. Sun E all.
L. Deckertii Small. Stem branched at the woody base, the branches
forming tufts, very an usually minutely and sparingly pubescent, sooner
nicles: ipti
lax
capsule; inner sepals « about 1.5 mm. long at maturity; outer B fully one-
half as long as the inner: capsule pA globose, 1.2-1.4 mm. long, much
exserted.—Scrub, Coastal Plain, pen. Fla. to S Ga.—Sum.—fall.
14. L. myriophylla Small. Stem branched at the woody base, the branches
forming tufts, very leafy, more or bus pubeseent, sooner or later developing
ad io ;
red, with the in fruit, lax
not N the a. inner sepals nearly 1.5 mm. long at maturity;
outer sepals about half as long as the inner: capsule globose, about 1.5 mm.
long, much-exserted.—Serub, S part of Lake Region, pen. Fla.—Sum.-fa H.
Famity 9. VIOLACEAE — VioLeT FAMILY
Herbs, or in tropieal regions oque shrubs or trees, with E.
alternate or opposite stipulate leaves, and perfect irregular solitary
clustered flowers. Sepals and Deals 5, the latter hypogynous, peres
in the bud, the lowermost pens spurred. Stamens 5, the ant we ers erect,
syngenesious or connivent. Gynoecium 3-carpellary. ‘Ovary l-c en-
closing numerous ovules on the 3 parietal placentae and a in fruit
a loculicidal capsule. Teen anatropous.—Fifteen genera and about 300
species, widely distributed.
des auriculate at base. " VIOLA.
Sepals not auriculate at base. . CUBELIUM.
1. VIOLA L. Herbs, either leafy stemmed and rather ~A or stem-
less; petaliferous flowers mostly in early spring on one-flowered peduneles:
that project into the sae or spur o e odd petal; these two stamens alone
developed in the cleistogamous flower.—Allied species freely hybridize when
growing together; the hybrids commonly display eharaeters more or less inter-
mediate to those of the parent species, and show marked vegetative bon but
impaired fertility; their offspring are often much unlike the mother plant and
unlike each other, reverting variously to the characters of the two via
species—About 200 species, of wide geogr aphie distribution.— VIOLETS.—
Some species are used medicinally; others for ornamental gardening.
Plant stemles M d and scapes from a rootstock or a runner.
Flowers imd ' with a faint pungent fragrance: plants indigenous
Corolla violet a purple (white in albino forms) : plant without stolons.
All petals “ea apetalous Dos wan - I. PED
i Contributed b Ezra Brainerd for the e astern
United States (Ed. . ud oo with slight ers ge the present work,
by Edward Ji ohnston Alexande
VIOLACEAE
ateral petals bearded: apetalous flowers present.
plant stoloniferous
Corolla white or yellow, the petals often with dark lines:
eei very fragrant: corolla violet or white: plant intro-
Plant with. leafy stems: flowers axillary.
SO searcely enlarged at the tip or merely capitate.
tyle ca p beakless: spur of ut corolla short:
stipules nearly entire, soon scario
Style Bot capitate: n and bent. at the tip: spur
of
the corolla at least twice its width: stipules bristly
toot ous,
Style stout, much enlarged upward into globular di
summit: stipules large, leaf-like, jactinate at the base
I. PED
Leaf-blades pedately finely divided: petals ise or the two
upper ones dark-violet.
II. PAL
Cleistogamous flowers ovoid, on short Mies peduncles, ©
their capsules usually brown.
eaf-blades all palmately 5-11-lobed or -parted, or
rarely the first leaf Ki spring uncut: seed brown.
Plant villous-pubescen
Plant nearly or quite ot bro
Earliest and later leaf- blades pm uncut, arts
pe Sita e 3—1-lobed, -parted, or -divided : seed g
Plants Son e: -pubes
Cu 2 a -blades ORI 3-lobed, with broadly open
Cut “leaf-blades mostly 5—7-parted, with narrow
- sinus.
Plants obscurely pubescent and glabrate: corolla
deep-violet : ED of shady uplands.
Plants Ed ous: corolla pale-violet: inhabitant of
wet
Leaf-blades all uncut.
Plant nearly or quite glabro
Flowers violet or pu Pole: eee in 1 IPUIOSIE
Flo E: page Dats ig seed bro
Flov rple: seed bu m
Fov Dale ORE pU whitis
us uniformly pale violet, with only a
arker veins the base: seeds buff:
leaf-blades reniform-hastate.
E grayish, t Sa
s to make large blotches of brilliant v violet
blue: seeds brown: leaf-blades cordat
Plant villous-pubescent, especially e ond
eco v vaca x upper leaf- d elsewhere
ro
Cleistogamous flowers on dae ascending peduncles, their
capsules more or less brown.
eaf-blades at vernal flowering narrowly cordate-
acuminate: seed buff.
Auricles of sepals short appressed.
Auricles of sepals 2 mm. ns. Tread ing.
um blades at vernal flowering subcordate, 3-lobed:
ed bronz
Geist oda flo wers subulate or sagittate, on erect
eduncles, thei eir capsules green
Spurred petal Sanya the lateral on es with clavate
beard: leaves glabrous; blades uncut, cordate-ovate.
Spurred petal villous at base, the lateral ones with
bescent.
Lea f-blades ovate elliptic, acute.
Leaf blades vate SE obtuse.
Foliage Bc. or ovy Ebo
Leaf-blades elliptic- o. incised at base.
Leaf-blades deltoid to broad y ovate, coarsely
toothed at base
Leaf-blades uncut or pedately 3-9-lobed.
1.
iS
pe
e
4a,
. V. Lovelliana.
C
885
II. PALMATAE.
IIT, BLANDAE.
IV. ODORATAE.
V. HASTATAE.
VI. ROSTRATAE.
VII. ARVENSES.
V. pedata.
V. palmata.
V. Egglestonii,
V. triloba.
V. triloba dilatata.
. V. esculenta.
V. papilionacea.
acea.
8. V. ros
10.
. V. floridana.
F. Priceana.
11. V. sororia.
12.
16.
Y. hirsutula.
affinis
. v. Langloisii.
. V.chalcosperm aq,
YV. cucullata.
V. fimbriatula.
; V. villosa.
. V. sagittata.
V. emarginata.
205 ee h loba.
886 VIOLACEAE
Corolla white. III. BLANDAE
Cle eistogamous flowers on prostra peduncles, their
capsules V commonly. ‘reddish-r own: plants
oie old ravines and low woods.
Taral petals E sed. pis at a 22;
Lateral petals beardless: seed acute at 23.
Cleistogamous flowers on erect peduncles, their capsules
ellipsoid, green: plants of open bogs.
Leaf-blades broadly elliptic to Ua ‘ovate.
Leaf-blades broadly cordate-ova 24.
Leaf-blades ovate or elliptic
Le E nee rugose, cordate-tapering at the 5
9.
DE blades smooth, n rugose, sub-cordate
r tapering at the 6.
Leaf-blades narrowly elliptic ro lin
Leaf-blades lanceolate or elliptic, 10-15 m
wide: petals usually rounded at the tip 27.
Leaf. blades narrowly lanceolate or Ion “4-10
mm, wide: petals usually acut
Corolla yellow.
IV. ODO
Plants producing leafy stolons and fab ^ He open style
terminating in a sharp hook. 30.
V. HASTATAE
Petals yellow.
Ro oer long, thick, whitish, bearing crisp, capillary
Y. incognita.
V. blanda.
. V. pallens.
F. rugosa.
V. primulifolia.
Y. lanceolata.
e or acutish. 28. V. vittata.
29. V. rotundifolia.
Y. odorata.
31. V. hastata.
nen
Rootstock short, woody, brown, bearing coarse, fibrous
Petals need outside with v
I af-blades 3- lobed to 3- ‘divi ‘ded 32.
eaf-blades uncut, ovate or rhombic-ovate.
Petals yellow outside.
Sparingly pubescent, root-leaves usually 1-3. 33.
Markedly pubescent, root- a ate wanting. 34.
Petals white inside, usually violet outs 3
VI. ROSTRATAE
Corolla-spur less than 8 mm. long: lateral petals bearded.
Petals white or cream-colored. 6.
Petals 1 blue
Ste Scandinge later leaf-blades subacuminate. 37
Eni pite prostrate: leaf-blades obtuse, usually
ttled. 8.
eee 10-12 mm. long, slender: lateral petals beard-
9.
VII. Anv
uppa E entire, or obscurely pur petals
twice the length of sepals. 40.
UD iaf blades plainly crenate : petals usually shorter
an the sep 41.
ta L. Plant nearly eae: rootstock short,
3 ER the lateral divisions pedately ua
to spatulate, often 2—4-toothed or -cleft n
ay EUM din
dark iole a the three em
the center of the flow
OUS: See
OLE CROWFOOT-VIOLET. ANS :
dun JUMP-UP.)—Open woods and dr
fields, often in acid soil, various provinces,
NNN
y
. V. conspersa.
y
y
V. tripartita.
. V. tripartita
glaberrima.
eriocarpa.
pubescens.
canadensis.
striata.
. Walteri.
.rostrata.
V. Rafinesquii.
V. arvensis.
erec
: leaf-blades
arted or -cleft, "the x. linear
VIOLACEAE 887
Fla. to La., Minn., and Mass.—Shows marked variations in leaf-form and colora-
tion of petals; the color-form with the upper two petals dark-violet is more com-
mon in the east-central part of its range.
2. V. palmata L. Plant villous: leaf-blades palmately 5-11- lobed or -parted,
the segments oid P. toothed or cleft, the middle segment usually widest;
petioles, and veins of the lower leaf-sur Mae villous, the upper surface often
glabrous: sepals o e: podus: rather blunt t: corolla violet-purple, 2-3 e
broad: eleisto pisci flow prostrate peduneles, their capsules void,
page with brown, 8-12 mm Es seeds brown.—Wooded hillsides in dry
ieh soil, various Dioses "Fla. to Miss. Minn., and Mass.
E
d V. Bgglestonii Brainerd. den A oM: of spreading habit especially
spring: leaf-blades truneate ase, often vea po pulis rarely
bd ; early leaf blades eee 3-5 lobed, the later o 3-parted, with
the middle or all three primary segments 2—3- left, the subdivisions inen
sn or linear, Be serrate towards the summit and bearing a few long
arrow 2e eeth below: ira violet- own j > the dida petals bearded
the Eu at; bd petal somewhat villous: leis to Sm s flowers and fru
underground peduncles till seeds ripen: capsu hien eria iic
aes ene imeem] 13 mm. long, with la edle iei: one third as long,
their auricles short, eo prensa seed brown, 2.5 mm. long.—Barrens, Interior
Low Plateaus, Tenn. and Ky.
4. V. triloba Schwein. Plant villous: earliest leaf-blades, and those put
forth in late summer, broadly cordate- d usually uncut, sparsely pubescent
or glabrate; those VM < petalifer s flow wering, densely villous beneath
like the petioles, 3-lobed or rarely -part ted, the middle segment broad,. the
lateral lunate, E ate, often. coarsely foo hed: or pu cleft, the upper
subdivision narr with more and dee eeper incisions, and the middle primary
segment ovate, elliptie or pomp qud te in V. triloba dotata ; blades nS
5 em. wi ture: peduncles mostly glabrous, shorter than the leaves
petals deep-violet: outer sepals ovate-lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, slightly
ciliate: cleistogamous capsules ovoid, purplish: seeds buff or brown.—Dry
woodlands, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mo., and Mass
V. Lovelliana Brainerd. Plant often minutely hoary- a on the
e
nate
flowering 2-5 em. long, those of later summer tw s long, glabrate, often
less deeply eut, or uncut: flowers on stalks often ae the leaves: sepals
2 lanceolate, acute, one third the length of capsule; the auricles short,
appressed, rounde d, sparsely ciliate: corolla vio let-purple, the three lower
Pp villous at the throat and marked with dark-purple lines: eleistogamous
= wers and immature ae s prostrate peduncles: capsule purple-dotted, 14
m. long: seed buff, 2 m 7; —Sparsely wooded hillsides and knolls, Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, ie o La., Okla., and Ark.
6. V. esculenta Ell. Rootstock stout, ascending, sometimes with purple
horizontal branches 5-7 cem. long; the foliage spreading, usually glabrous,
becoming stiff and succulent: first leaf-blades usually uncut, broadly cordate-
g, fo e g time by leaf-blades 3—5-lobed, suc-
cessively larger and Mini iiie til blade may z nd
breadth, the late su ones with obscure lobes flowers long-
pe eduncled: sepals ee Bancos with emarginate potere ps pale-
888 VIOLACEAE
violet or white, the spurred petal slightly villous: cleistogamous flowers ovoid-
acuminate: mature capsule trigonous-cylindric, closely purple-dotted, 12-16
mm. long; their sepals one third as long: seed dark-brown or sometimes
2 mm. long.—River swamps and borders of slow streams, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to S. c
7. V. papilionacea Pursh. Plant glabrous, commonly robust, from a stout
horizontal branching rootstock: leaf-blades often 12 cm. broad, sometimes
deltoid in outline above the cordate base, sometimes rounded and abruptly
pointed; petioles often Lui ub escent: outer sepals ovate-lanceolate:
corolla deep-violet, white or greenish-yellow at the base, sometimes wholly
white, the odd petal often narrow and boat-shaped, prea: gl abrous: eleis-
togamous flowers ovoid, on horizontal peduneles usuall derground but
green or reddish-brown, 10-15 mm. long: seed 2 long, dark-
(WooD-VIOLET.)—Moist meadows and woods, a | frequently about dvellnes,
various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Mas
8. V. rosacea dide Plant nearly or quite glabrous: leaf-blades at
vernal flowering narrowly cordate-ovate, acute or acuminate, crenate-serrate,
2-4 cm . long, sparsely oe above; ; later leaf-blades much wider, sub-
cordate, acum , glabrous, 5-7 cm. long: corolla ro u. about 2 cm
ir the spurred petal ‘glabrous: m slightly villous: cleistogamous flowers
oid on prostrate pedune their mature capsules ellipsoid, about 12 mm.
"e n EET dud "for Ta half their length in lanceolate sepals:
seeds buff, 2 mm. long, about 50 in a capsule.—Dry open woods and well-
drained pu margins, Coastal Plain, "Miss. and La.
9. V. floridana Brainerd. Leaf-blades at time of petaliferous flowering on
spreading ol piis acute, finely crenate-serrate, often somewhat pu-
berulent above, 2-3 c wide, 3—4 em. joo ; leaves with blades twice as long
and wide pe ring soon after, on long erect D glabrate, sometimes
a through the winter: flowers on peduncles much surpassing the leaves:
corolla whitish or pale-violet, the odd petal TE ; ee flowers con-
cealed under soil or dead dier ii) ovoid-a ; their ripe piri
reddish-brown, about 16 m lon ng, on decumbe at Su sepals broadly
lanceolate, about one third | the length of the capsule: see mm, long, salmon-
colored or dark-brown, about 60 in a capsule.—Moist rich woodlands, C and
N Fla.
10. V. Priceana Pollard. Plant glabrous, robust, from a stout, branching
rootstock: leaf-blades glabrous, rather dark green, cordate-ovate in outline
the tip obtuse or d p scapes equalling or exceeding the leaves:
sepals lanceolate-acuminate: corolla 3 cm. broad, grayish, the petals heavily
veined at the bas e with brilliant violet-blue, the veins extending well into the
uud : te spurred Ce. ip geile at smaller than the others, keel-shaped, glab-
oid on horizontal peduncles: capsule pai
elipsoid, ph urplish ^ en ae b n n VIOLET.)—Rich s
partially shaded ean dos various provinces, Ga., Ark., Ken., a
Brainerd regards this plant as an albino of V. p api ilionacea, but that species
as flowers violet with white center, while this is reverse This species also is
very constant in its form and CORNA comes true from seed, never reverting
to V. papilionacea.
11. V. sororia Willd. Leaf-blades broadly cordate-ovate, villous-pubescent
ise ps Eo 2 iur when young, and on the petioles, often 10 em.
1 flowers on peduncles Ken the length of the leaves:
duet Mese ps elliptic commonly obtuse, all finely ciliate below the middle
VIOLACEAE 889
and on the short rounded aurieles: corolla violet a lavender and occasionally
e eleistogamous dies usually mottled with brown: seed dark- rown,
. long.—Moist meadows, shady ledges, and dooryards, various provinces,
N.. C. to Okla., Minn., and One.
12. V. hirsutula Brainerd. Plant of small size: leaf-blades dd
ee to the gro und, 2-5 em. wide, cordate-ovate to renifor dli e,
purplish and glabro s beneath, pic aee a often pare e-veined
and mottied with differe nt sh ades of gre : flowers on peduncles cus
the leaves: corolla reddish-purple: apet apes pem ovoid, on short
prostrate Druide. developing ovoid iier capsules, 6-8 mm . long, earing
each 20—30 light-brown seeds.—Dry rich woods, various provinces, Ga. to Ala.
and N. Y.
13. V. affinis LeConte. Plant nearly glabrous: leaf-blades that unfold at
vernal flowering mu ig a 2 e suni: ly vies ate toward the
apex, becomin wide ummer argin noticeably crenate-ser-
rate; petioles noe 20 ciis pm any nie white bane conspicuous, the
spurred petal more or less villous: eleistogamous flowers small, ovoid, on
pre er long beg i d car capsule ellipsoid, 5-8 mm. long, usually 'red-
th j inute dense
dish-brown, s green, either b
pubescence: sopas h half the length of the capsule, with small appressed auricles:
idea rmally buff.—Mbist meadows, low woods, and shaded stream-banks,
ari ius provinces, Ga. to Ala., Wis., and Vt.
14. V. Langloisii Greene. Leaf-blades glabrous, cordate-ovate, attenuate,
crenate-serrate (3—5-lobed in V. Langloisii pedatiloba) ; those that mature after
flowering relatively bu Bd ET 2 6 cm. long: flowers on
3 em
d Peu Min Piu! bearded. ut Sus rred pecu ostly glabrous: oe
ing peduncles, sagittate, EN eir mature eapsule narrowly
ipse. Duc ‘faintly Tie hen purple, 10-12 mm. long, w with lanceo-
late acuminate a one ha ong, the Ege. glabrous, dentate, 2 mm.
long: seed buff, mm. lon us —Wet and shady borders of slow Streams,
Coastal Plain, Miss. to Tex.
15. V. chalcosperma Brainerd. Plant Jee Reged i e leaf-blades
at the wea nae s the close of the season's growth uncu ut former
cordate 2—3 cm. long, the latter Dance at ba broadly deltoid 2 5e m. long;
vernal leaf bs d 3-lobed, the middle lobe ovate, acute, the lateral
on ve the leave
sepals dark purple, lanceolate, "5 mm. long, icles 34
. lon d bs outer sepals with one or more sharp teeth: pic bronze-
"y red, 1. . long, about 50 in a eapsule.— Wet soil in shaded ravines,
near J pong Fla.
16. V. cucullata Ait. Plant glabrous: leaf-blades, except the ipit. cor-
date- Manes acute or subacuminate, often 9 em. wide when matur : peduncles
commonly much exceeding the leaves: sepals narrowly iun : corolla
violet-blue, darker-colored at the throat, the psu petals with strongly elavate
1
beard, the spurred petal glabrous, generally somewhat shorter than the lateral
ones: eleistogamous flowers gs er slender, on eret often elongate peduneles:
capsule ovoid-cylindrie, Meu 0—15 mm. long, diu: exceeding the long-
k,
auricled sepals: seed nea rly blac E 5 mm. —(BLUE MARSH- br
MEADOW-VIOLET. lue soil, various provinces, m Plain only N, Ga.
Ont., Que., and M
890 VIOLACEAE
17. V. fimbriatula J. E. Smith. Rootstock becoming long and stout, usually
erect: earliest leaf-blades ovate, obtuse, the later ones ovate-elliptic, acute,
ely pubescent, obscurely crenulate toward the apex, the basal lobes often
sharply toothed, incised, or auriculate: scapes com monly e xceeding the leaves:
auricles of the Il somewhat spreading and ciliate: COR violet- iu E
capsule green, ovoid, 6-10 mm. long; seed brown: ne M on
erect peduncles — Hillsides and dry fields, various provinees, Fla. to Ya. Wis. 5
and N. 8.
18. V. villosa Walt. Rootstock simple, often long and jagged; foliage
spreading, minutely villous throughout: leaf-blades ovate, varying to elliptic-
ovate and orbieular, obtuse, obscurely erenate, cordate with small narrow sinus,
when mature sometimes 6 em. long and on petioles 12 cm. long: flowers early:
sepals ciliolate, elliptic- se with rather short auricles: corolla violet, the three
ee r petals bearded, spur large ees aes e green, 'ovoid-cylindrie, 10
g ark B own, 1.8 m ong. [V. carolina Greene]—Dry E
pend woods and roadsides, various ‘provines, Fla. to Miss., Tenn. and S W
Va.; also W Ark., Tex., and E Okl
19. V. sagittata Ait. Plant usually glabrous, except the often ciliate
leaves, or ae dei throughout: leaf-blades lanceolate or Es et
late, becoming 4—8 em. long, hastately a prin) gers or cleft at t
base; the earliest aa those produced summer often deltoid- is
obtuse, merely crenate at the base: Sd n errowiy lanceolate, acute, E poor di
eorolla violet-purple: eapsule 8—14 mm. long, e ining 50 -70 bro eeds.—
RROW-LEAVED VIOLET a ist banks and Hn peer Y various e M
Ga. to La., Minn., and Mas
20. V. emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte. Plant glabrous: vM leaf-blades
deltoid or broadly ovate, the base truneate or subeordate often decurrent, oi
seurely crenate-serrate abov ve the middle, coarsely to gd or incised below
corolla violet- Apnd rp petals sometimes arginate: cleistogamous capsule
elli ipsoid, 8—14 ong: peduncles erect, D hat shorter Rn the leaves:
eed brown. is n abe and hillsides, various provinces, N Ga. to Okla. and
S E N. Y.
21. V. septemloba LeConte. Plant glabrous with a vertieal rootstoek:
leaf-blades cordate-ovate; the first ones often, and sometimes all the leaves,
uncut, the others primarily 3-lobed, 3-cleft or 3-parted be idely open puc
the middle segment uncut, relatively long and broad, usually narrowed a
base; the lateral ipid, sometimes uncut, but ge zn pedately cleft into
2—4 narrow divergent parts that become smaller towards the base of the 1
adii usually raised ee the foliage: sepals narrowly lanceolate, with aise
unded auricles: corolla violet, the three lower petals villous at d base:
Cist ee amious flowers erect: capsule green, ovoid-cylindric, about m. long:
seed naa brown, 2 mm. long. [V. vincialis Greene ]|—Pinelands, erm Plain,
Fla. to Miss. and Va.
V. incognita Brainerd. Peduncles, petioles and lower surface of leaf-
blades Par js soft white hairs especially when young (nearly or quite
glabrous in V. incognita Forbes), the upper leaf-surface glabrous; aestival
leaves ‘large, the blades rugose, broadly cordate-ovate with open sinus, acute:
, sm m
in summer producing numer us filiform runners.—Moist woods, Blue Ridge
and more northern. provinces, ean to N. Dak. and Que
23. V. blanda Willd. Leaf-blades cordate-ovate with narrow sinus, com-
monly acute, often acuminate, glabrous Ecce for minute scattered hairs on the
VIOLACEAE 891
upper surface; petiole s, and scapes, ees er dis with red: lateral petals
beardless, the upper pair often long, narrow, and strongly reflexed, sometimes
twisted: cleistogamous Ee ovoid, dark -purple: seed dark-brown, minutely
e m. lon j in su
gose, t ; ng: plants freely producin er,
slender leafy runners [7 nteana G. Don]— EET WHITE-VIOLET. )—
l rav and moist shaded slopes, o d. in humus, various provinces, on
Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Minn. an
24. V. pallens (Banks) Brainerd. Leaf-blades broadly repe 12 ob-
tuse or rarely ipn: glabrous on both sides; petioles and seapes often dotted
with red in summer and more or less hirsutulous: lateral petals oval bearing
a small tuft of hairs the upper petals broadly obovate: seed 1 mm. long, al-
most black. [V. blanda of recent authors, not Willd.]— (WILD WHITE-VIO-
LET, ) —Springy soil and banks of eod streams, un ne on agre
Plain only N, B. C. to Ala., gos , Mieh., and Lab.—Plan pns grow
slow-flowing streams after the anner as a n x ee and ore
only raised above the surface of. the water. In most e the a ant sinks p
the bottom in Ln retaining two or a A Es aa rises again in the
spring to blo
25, V. rugosa Small. Leaf-blades ovate-elliptic, cordate at s base and in
the larger leaves deeurrent as wings down the petioles, 4—6 long, rugose,
sparsely pubescent on the veins, bright green, paler beneath; etie about as
lon ng as the ee copiously hirsutulous: scapes about as long as the leaves,
: petals a h i e sma
tuft of hair rs; the spurred etals veined at the base with brownish-purple:
sepals lane eolate: cleistogamous capsule green, about 1 em. long, on short erect
peduncles, ellipsoid, seeds red-brown.—Edges of white-cedar swamps, Liberty
Fla
3
26. V. primulifolia L. Plant often oe Hu us ee ek a
pubescent especially toward the base of the p s (with d
petioles and lower leaf-surfaces in F. primulifolia pom leaf- eod Rae
ovate, the base slightly cordate, roun or LE obseurely erenate-
serrate; petioles often broadly winged $e flowers white: capsule green,
the peduncle erect in V. lanceolata: seed reddish- ms, 1.5 mm. long.—
Marshes and swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., W. Va., and N. B.
7. V. lanceolata L. Stolons leafy, often bearing apetalous flowers: leaves
and scapes glabrous, 5-8 em. high at time of vernal Sade ring; later leaves with
lanceolate or elliptic blades, 10-15 mm. wide, 7-15 em. long, obscurely erenulate,
gradually tapering into margined, often reddis h, Stee diee broadly lanceo-
late, acute: lateral petals usually beardless: cleistogamous capsules 6-12
-brown
(Boc wHITE-VIOLET. LANCELEAF-VIOLET.)—Moist meadows, bogs, and marshes,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and N. S.
28. V. dap Greene. First leaf-blades piii lanceolate, Rage suc-
ceeded after flowering by linear leaves 4-10 mm. wide, 15-30 em. long, the
blades s at the apex and gradually tapering at the ba ase, E alately ser-
rulate; petioles, peduncles, and lower leaf- surface usually m dis villous:
Ie san nd bu es as in the preceding species: seed obo void, BN , 1.8 mm.
ong. [V. denticulosa Pollar ime dE hes, bogs, and borders of Sens
Com Plain, Fla. to Tex. an
29. V. rotundifolia ater Rootstock long and stout, jagged with the
persistent bases of former leaves: runners short, usually without roots or leaves,
bearing 1—4 a flowers: leaf- blades oval or orbicular, cordate with
892 VIOLACEAE
short and narrow sinus, repand-erenate, at vernal flowering sparsely hirtel-
lous, 2-3 em. wide, midsummer mostly uia 6—10 em. wide, prostrate
corolla bright- a. ue three lower petals with brown veins, the lateral ones
bearded: style clavate, ee capitate. beakless: capsule ovoid, 6-8 mm.
long, closely dotted w ith purple: seed nearly white.—(EARLY YELLOW-VIOLET. )
—Cool woods, various provinces, coastal Plain only N, N Ga. to Ont. and Me.
V. odorata L. Plant producing above ground leafy stolons rooting
m: pu p eter leaf-blades broadly cordate- ovate, dl a escent: flowers
pe ap
fence-rows, an aste- aie diim) established throughout U. S., as are some
of its hybrids with other European spec
31. V. hastata e Plant shghtly puberulent: stem MR 1-2.5 dm
high, from a id asp" e rootstock: stem-leav s 2-4 n near the
summit; blades h albe En sha with rounded basal lobes: aici leaves occa-
sional ; blades elliptic. pm nm more pm eply cordate; all distantly ape
sepals linear- ‘lanceolate, acute: corolla yellow, the upper ao often ti
outside with violet: capsule ovoid, glabrous, 8-10 mm. long: sti pus ovate,
VP cL s uL few bristly teeth.—Rieh woods, various provinces, Fla.
. V. tripartita Ell. Rootstock short and woody, with long coarse fibrous
roots: stem erect, usually solitary, beginning to bear flowers when 1-2 dm.
high, bearing foliage above the middle; the first two or thr ree leaves with
petioles 2-8 em. long; blades commonly 3-lobed to yp ovate p rhombie-
ovate merely toothed in V. tripartita glaberrima [V. tenuipes], the middle
segment narrowly lanceolate to ovate, usually eonstricted ih the base, rns
es pud. the apex, the lateral segments faleate PE coarsely toothed
er margin; upper leaves smaller, ovate- Tae , mostly uncut;
petioles ond o leaf- surface more or x s pube scent when UA ung, at length
early glabrate: peduneles slender, 2-9 c ong, axillary: sepals linear- laneeo-
late, ciliate: Bus als yellow, the upper nr tinged outside with violet, the
three lower ones somewhat bearded: capsule trigonous-ovoid, glabrous: "seed
large, brown.—Rich woods, various provinces, N Fla. to Ala., Tenn., and N. C.
eriocarpa Schwein. Plant glabrous except for minute pubescence
upper
b
nearly sessile; stipules ovate to lanceolate, nearly entire, glabrous, tardily
scarious: sepals B lane sone lateral petals be arded : capsule ovoid,
woolly or sometimes glabrous: Mi eee oa on short peduncles m
upper le d b
axils of r leaves: seed bro ong. [V. scabriuscula Sehwein.]
—(YELLOW-VIOLET.)—Low open AE LR provinees, Coastal Plain only
N, Ala. to Okla., Man., and N. S. s and the following pere -flowered
violets are frequently called WILD-PANS
. V. pubescens Ait. Plant softly pubescent: stems 2-3 dm. high, often
solitary: leaves, either cauline, 2—4, near the summit, or occasionally a long-
: e
10-12 la long, glabrous or sometimes woolly: seed brown,
(DOWNY VIOLET.) EX ci SS various provinces, rarely poene Plain,
Ala. to Miss., Mo., N. D., N. S., and N. C.
VIOLACEAE 893
35. canadensis L. Stems usually 3-4 dm. high, minutely pubescent:
leaf- blades cordate-ovate, pointed, serrate; ders sharply lanceolate:
slender, acuminate, spre ading: late eral petals bea
at the ba ase and striped with fine dark lines:
long, often ei or puberulent: seed brown.—
VIOLET.) oods, various provinces, N of Coastal Plain, S. c to ro
Sask., Ont., aaa. "N. B.
36. V. striata Ait.
e
: stipules large, elliptic-lanceolate:
corolla white or c T , 4-6 mm
long: seed light-brown.—(CREAM-VIOLET.)—Low woods an hickets, various
provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Mo., Minn., and Con
V. conspersa Reichenb. Rootstock oblique, often much branched:
at time of vernal flowering, 8-16 em. high: lower leaf -blades cordate- RIT
obtuse, the upper ones cordate-ovate, erenate, sub m.
wide: flowers n j
1
i own.— (AME ow grounds and
shaded banks, various SIND. Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Minn., Que.,
and Me.
38. V. Walteri House. Plant finely puberulent: ee a at first
oe lea ng
o
tly
in ee ins, 2—4 em. wide: stipules bri eel fimbriata, 6-10 mm
: capsule purplish, ovoid- -globose, 6 m ong: seed [V. mu ti-
is (T. & G.) Britton] "04 No gd. and moist E Te. various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ky., and S. C.
39. V. rostrata dei Stems often numerous, common ly 1-2 dm
o broadly ovate, cordate, near
ED-VIOLET. ‘Low VIO un pen hillsides . and rieh woods,
various provinees, N oË Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Mich., Que. and Pa.
. Rafine
d
exposed hillsides, elds, various
provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mich., and N. Y.—The roots have a wintergreen scent.
894 PAPAYACEAE
4l. V. arvensis Murr. Similar to the next preceding, but stouter, often
e
3—4 dm. high, erect br
late, noticeably erenate; stipules more coarsely nd the upper lobe usually
much enlarged, e and sparsely erenate: petals usually shorter than
e
ud imes the u
tips, and the spurred petal deep-yellow at base: eapsule globose: seed brown,
narrowly obovoid, 1.7 mm. long.—(WILD-PANSY.)—Fields and roadsides, vari-
ous provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Ont., and Newf.—Nat. of Eu.
2. CUBELIUM Raf. Perennial eaulescent, rather tall herbs. Leaves
alternate: blades entire or slightly toothed, Flowers borne in axillary clusters,
ineonspieuous. Sepals 5, nearly equal, not
auricled. Petals 5, green, nearly equal in
length, the lower one largest and gibbous
near the base. Stamens 5, filaments united
into a sheath m the pistil and bearing
a gland on the lower side. Style hooked at
the apex. Capsule longer than thick, slightly
3-lobed, 3-valved.—One specie
a C. concolor (Forst.) Raf. Stem up to 1
tall, pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic or
cllipticabovate, —16 em. long, acuminate or
eute the apex, tapering to a rather
Sieger prt -like base: sepals linear-subu-
late or linear-laneeolate, more than half as lon
mm. n o at the apex: connective- -tips
nearly so: 1.5-2 cm. long: seed about 5 mm. in di tos
Rich ds eet and stream-banks, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain,
Ga. to Miss., Kans., Ont., and N. Y.—Spr.
Orper PASSIFLORALES — PASSIFLORAL ORDER
Herbs, vines, or shrubby plants, or succulent tree-like plants with
milky sap. Leaves alternate: ‘blades entire, toothed, or lobe Flowers
perfect or dioecious. Calyx of 4 or 5 more or less united os Corolla
of 4 or 5 distinet or united petals, sometimes accompanied by a fringed
crown, or rarely wanting. Androecium of 5 stamens, or of 10 stamens in
2 unequal rows. Gynoecium of 3-5 united carpels. Ovary superior.
Fruit a berry or a capsule.
Corolla not accompanied by a crown: flowers mainly dioecious, the staminate and
pistillate different. Fam. 1. PAPAYACEAE.
Corolla accompanied by a crown: flowers perfect, all alike. Fam. 2. PASSIFLORACEAE.
FAMILY 1. PAPAYACEAE — PAPAYA FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves with s 7-9-lobed blades. Corolla salver-
e 10: filaments adnate to the corolla-tube. Anthers erect.
baceate, borne near the top of tho stem.—Two genera and over 30
species o and subtropical.
1. CARICA L. Plants with milky juice, the stem rather tender, simple
or branched, much-scarred above. Leaf-blades palmately or pinnately lobed.
PASSIFLORACEAE | 895
Staminate flowers in long-peduneled cymes:
pistillate flowers in short-peduneled cymes.
B
The flowers are sometimes polygamous.
C. Papaya L. Stem 3-6 m. tall, simple,
leafy at the top: leaf-blades 3-6 dm. broad,
stout die P dote. eorolla yellow
or r reddish. hat of the pistillate flower the
n ds ellipsoid to subglobose, 2—18
ong.— w p M waste-
places, BeHe Fla. an e Keys. Nat.
rop. Am
W. I., Men wa A., S. A.) —Al
year. —Frequently "found in wild localities
human permis but doubtless uds o by birds who greatly
relish the seeds. In cultivated fo orms the frui ery Jine The milky juice
of unripe fruit has Robes similar to in of 2m
Famity 2. PASSIFLORACEAE — PassioN-FLOWER FAMILY
2 tendril-bearing vines, or oo lants. Leaves with entire or
s T or rarely compound lades. a mostly rotate. Stamens
ales usually monadelphous around the gynoecium. Fruit baccate.
m genera and about 350 speoies, e abundant in South America.
1. PASSIFLORA L. Perennial vines. Leaf-blades entire, lobed, or
parted. Crown filamentous, single, double, or triple. Anthers versatile.—
About 300 species, mostly of tropical Ameriea.—PASSION-FLOWERS. PASSION-
VINES.—Some species are used medicinally ; diore in ornamental gardening.
Peduncle bearing an involucre vs 3 bracts nar the calyx. I. INCARNATAE.
Peduncle without an ao r this obse
Petioles without gla II. LUTEAE.
Petioles with zd m ‘the middle or near the base of the
eaf-blade.
Peduncles single. IIT. SUBEROSAE.
Peduncles clustered. IV. MULTIFLORAE.
I. INCARNATAE
Leaf-lobes toothed: stipules minute: petiolar glands sessile. 1. P. incarnata.
Leaf-lobes entire: stipules foliaceous : petiolar glands stalked. 2. P. pallens
II. LUuTEAE
one several-flowered : berry pubescent.
ME n A
Cymes 1-flowered : berry glabrous.
. P. lut
Ha c3
III. SUBEROSAE
Calyx or eorolla 2.5—3 cm. wide: leaf-blades, or lobes, toothed. 5. P. Warmingii,
Calyx less than 2 cm. wide: leaf-blades, or lobes. not toothed. 6. P. pallida.
IV. ULTIFLORAE
Woody tomentose vine, with thick SUM T. P. multiflora.
carnata L. Twigs finely pubescent or glabrate: leaf-blades 8-12 cm.
bel ae or sparingly pubescent, the lobes finely serrate: sepals 25-30
896 PAPAYACEAE
long: petals pale-lavender: crown lav-
Ed and purple: ber rry e ellipsoid or oval, 4—
10 cm. d endi —6 mm. lon
(MAY APRICOT-VINE.)—Dry T roadsides,
n slopes and old fields, various provi
Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Va.—Spr.-sum. "The
a. is edible.
2. P. pallens Poepp. Twigs glabrous, glau-
age leaf- eases dues Pic incor 3-lobed, 4-8
long, the lobes , the termi inal one
peal a larger than ios others: stip-
oliaceous, ovate eniform: T
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 20-30
: ong, w ES Or Hg i B ‘corolla want: |
ing: berr ong, yellow.—Ham
mocks, B Keys and Cape Sable nen Fla.—(F. I.)—A year.
- P sexflora Juss. Twigs tomentulose: o 6-14 em. broad, pubes-
1m
t: eymes several poda ck sepals 9-1 long: corolla greenish-white:
ende globular, 9—11 mm. in diameter, ved pie pubescent: dn about
2.5 mm. lo jo nude Everglade Keys, Fla—(W. I.)—A yea
4. P. lutea L. Twigs finely pubescent 2 glabrous: leaf-blades 3-15 cm.
broad, mostly obtuse, pare cymes l-flowered: sepa Es 8- a n long: corolla
greenish-yellow, a about 2 em. broad: berry 10-15 mm. in dia r, r, purple-black.
—( NI NE Ll woods and thickets, a provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Kans. , and Pa.—Spr.-
5. P.W ii Mast. Twigs sparingly fine-hirsute: leaf-blades 5-14 c
p ue. uc pd iE or ovate, remotely toothed: sepals lanceolate, 18-21
m. long: corolla pale-yellow, 2.5- -3 em. broad: berry globular, 25-30 mm.
Eu white-hairy: seed 4.5-5 mm. long, wrinkled.—Thiekets 2 n near
Clemson College, in the Piedmont of S.C. Nat. of Brazil ——BSpr.-s
6. P. pallida L. Twigs glabrous or minutely pubescent: -blades entire to
3 lobed, mostly 2-10 em. long: calyx greenish; sepals linear to lanceolate or
elliptic, 7-9 mm. long: corolla wanting: berr “To mm. in » diameter, Purple
black: seeds 2.5-3 mm. long. [Passiflora suberosa L. P. al. P.
gustifolia Sw.]—(CoRKY-STEMMED PO ne and ~
A.,
lands, pen. Fla. and the K eys.—(W. I C. S. 4A.)—The order TR fre.
quently develop od corky wings.
7. P. multiflora L. Twigs velvety: leaf- ies elliptie or nearly so, 5-12 e
long, entire, rugose beneath: sepals 5-6 mm. long, in green: petals linear
or nearly so, white: berry subglobose, 6—8 mm. in meter, purplish-black.—
Hammoeks, S pen..Fla. and D. un —(W. I. S he old stems are frequently
covered with a thick corky bar
OrperR OPUNTIALES — OPuNTIAL ORDER
Succulent, typically spine-armed, herbs, shrubs, or trees, mainly leafless
or essentially so, or leafy rigid herbs, with more or less specialized hairs.
Flowers perfect. Hypanthium present. Calyx of 4 or 5, or many, sepals.
Corolla of 4 or 5, or many, stamens, in several series or groups, sometimes
partially reduced to staminodia. Gynoecium of 4, or 2-several, united
earpels. Ovary inferior. Fruit baccate or capsular.
OPUNTIACEAE 897
Sepals and petals 4 or 5 each, very different: leaves with entire a ae blades:
erect or climbing plants, with rigid hairs. Fam. 1. LOAS
Sepals and petals nearly alike, at least the latter numer-
ous: leaves typically mere scales or wanting: succulent
plants, usually armed with p ines. Fam. 2. OPUNTIACEAE.
Famity 1. LOASACEAE — Loasa FAMILY
Rigid herbs with barbed or stinging hairs. Leaves with entire lobed,
pinnatifid, or dissected blades.—About 20 genera and 250 species, mostly
merican.
1. MENTZELIA [Plum.] L. Brittle-stemmed, mostly diffuse or reclin-
ing herbs. Leaf-blades relatively nen sinuate or lobed. Androecium with-
out staminodia. eeds angled.—About 35
species, American.
idana Nutt. Leaf-blades 2-9 em
1. M.
long, ae to deltoid-ovate toothed and 3-
lobed: K puis often very broad at
the base: pet s golden- idi 15-18 mm.
long: EM ule o 5 em. lon — (Poo R-MAN'S NEN
PATCH STICK-LEAF. Br AZING-STAR.)— ANO
AE
=,"
b=:
UM sand-dunes, and pe non
pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—Spr
fall or a all M S.—The barbed hairs on tis
leaves eause them y o. very PaA to
clothing. The ey a ery effective in
cutting off the feet A pm of small im
that alight on the
dd su
- ee
"
[I
sl Aare
Phe oo
* 1 ee
rR
ATAA
PELLEM
Famity 2. OPUNTIACEAE — Cactus FAMILY
Shrubs or trees with more or less succulent tissues over a woody frame-
sore the stem depressed or elongate, simple or branched, continuous o
often showy, diurnal or nocturnal. Caly several or nu rear sepals.
etals
droecium of numerous stamens in several series. Re e of several
united earpels. Ovary inferior, with the hypanthium often much pro-
duced beyond it, 1-celled, with several parietal placenate. Styles united.
Stigmas clustered. Fruit a fleshy berry, either spiny or scaly, hairy or
naked.—About 100 genera and over 1,200 species, American. Mana of the
plants are used for foods and for ornamental gardening.
Plant copiously leafy, the leaves with broad blades, persistent. I. PERESKIEAE.
Plants leafiess, or leaves obsolete or rudimentary, mere suc-
culent seale-like deciduous structur
Plants conspicuously jointed, Sono tes loosely so, the
internodes (joints) relatively Short, more or less flat-
ened: leaves mere thick deciduous scale-like structures:
"ith
ing a flat or more or less depressed umbilicus. II. OPUNTIEAE.
Plants inconspicuously jointed, the internodes (joints)
terete, grooved, or angled: leaves none se ete
areolae without bristles, but spine-bear yp
thium much prolonged beyond the hone pole iiem
on the fruit or rotting off irregularly, or very short.
898 | OPUNTIACEAE
Flower rotate: BUDE UM not prolonged: perianth of
few sepals and petal III. RHIPSALIDEAE.
Flower funnelform, ae etshaped, or narrowly eam-
panulate: hypanthium much prolonged: perianth of
numerous sepals and petals. IV. CEREEAE.
I. SKIEAE
Climbing or reclining plants. with broad leaves and a pair
of reflexed spines at each areola which is devoid of
bristles: flowers stalked. 1. PERESKIA.
ree prostrate or with erect di liffusely branched temm with-
ut a continuous terete ee seed glabrou 2. OPUNTIA.
Plant with erect terete unjointed trunks: se ed pubescent.
Trunk supporting dimonDhols branches, the lateral ones
terete, the succeeding ones flat: hyptnthium short and
teer corolla with narrow, loosely spreading petals:
berry subglobose. 3. BRASILIOPUNTIA.
Trunk supporting all flat irregularly placed branches:
hypanthium elongate, flattened, resembling a small
joint: corolla with broad, short, closely imbrieate
petals: berry elongate. 4. CONSOLEA.
RHIPSALIDEAE
Pendent much-branched epiphyte with eae on flowers. 5. RHIPSALIS.
IV. CER
Stem and branches unequally a 5-angled, o ree berry
DE scaly or spin
ym nc rm caly and Ban the scales subtending tufts
6. SELENICEREUS.
Hypanthium sealy or spiny, but not hairy
Hypanthium scaly: berry more or ue clothed with
broad scales: plant climbing with aerial roots. 1. HYLOCEREUS.
FD D berry armed Hera clusters of
pines: plant erect, diffuse, or reclin 8. ACANTHOCEREUS.
Stem and “branches terete in outlin ie, no = less fluted .
sealy at the base: Seu and cum iene Sud woe.
berry with stout scale-bases and often tufts of hair. 9. HARRISIA.
Flower narrowly campanulate: hypanthium short, naked
at the base: pale and petals broad and short: berry
naked and glabrou 10. CEPHALOCEREUS.,
1. PERESKIA Plum. Woody and partly succulent vines with reclining
or clambering stems and branches with spines at the -axils. Leaves alter-
ate: blades broad, flat, entire, short-petioled. Flowers often panicled.
Hypanthium depressed, smooth or scaly. Sepals narrow. Corolla rotate:
petals relatively few and broad, white or colored, broader than the sepals.
Stamens numerous. Berry pyriform to tia obose, translucent, sometimes
scaly —About 20 species, tropical Ameri
1. P. Pereskia (L.) Karst. Stems and branches reclining or clambering,
elongate, glabrous: leaf- bl ades ovate i lanceolate-elliptic, 4-9 em. long, often
eute or abruptly pointed, coriaceous, rt-
j ls
white or ne rly s metimes yellowish
or pin i poe "uu eio ee aoa l-
1.5 em. in di ameter, smooth i : seeds
Tr mm. -in diameter. [P. aouleata il
LEM
a preserve and the leaves as a pot-herb.
OPUNTIACEAE 899
2. OPUNTIA [Tourn.] Mill. Shrubs or trees, the trunk of fused joints,
more or less irregular, usually widely or diffusely branched, the branches
(joints) flat, armed at the areolae with solitary or clustered spines which
arise from among clusters of bristles, or spineless. Leaves small, fleshy, thick
scales, deciduous. Flowers large, at least relatively so, solitary or several on
a joint. Hypanthium broadened bu) with areolae like the joints. Sepals
fleshy, mostly green. Petals broad, usually broadened upward. Berries longer
than thick, Men is upward, mostly fleshy. Seeds set eochleate, with
ren edges and glabrous sides.—About 260 species, American. —Prickny. -PEARS.
DEVIL’S PINCUSHIONS. TUNAS: DEVIL’S-TONGUES.—The fruits of prickly-
pears are edible. They formed an important food-supply for dis aborigines,
who also used the stems as food by roasting them. The fruits are much used
for food in some countries to-day. In the following descriptions the color
the spine is first stated for the immature stage, followed by the mature stage
when dry and the mature stage when wet.
Joints of the stem and of the branches loosely attachec, readily separating when
shocked or touched, or even when blown by the wind, at least in the case of
the smaller plants: fruits early deci Se ee of some species often propa-
Spines aci icular, gray or salmon-colo red the frst T a hen dry.
Longer spines of each areola solitary or paire ed,
the rst year, when dry. I. CURASSAVICAE.
Longer spines of each areola several, salmon-colored
the first year, gray the secon nd vear, when dry. II. PISCIFORMES.
Spines subulate, ivory- -white the first year, gray t
second year, when dry III. TUNAE.
Joints of the Sr ang of the branches firmly attached:
d persisten
nts glabrous; ines icular to elongate-subulate:
Mn rigid, or ene: dealt: with few
ae.
Plants with spine-armed joints.
ERU spines gray when ‘dry, at least in the
econd year
Mie ns ants. prostrate or erect and pd
ofte Pur shy ; D gray, or white, or
Sellos z the first ye , becoming gray at
maturity, when
nes bri ae yellow the first year, gray the
secon
Spines gr tie he oe Vi or white the first
and gray the second. V. TORTISPINAE.
Mature SE S adr ahe joints of the
ain stem fused into a dM I.
whieh divides above into a fev many
pr Pe i red the first A E
at maturity, when dry VI. AMMOPHILAE.
Mature dd yellow, red, or red- br own when dry,
cha nged from year to year, uniform, dis-
peed
Y. OCHROCENTRAE.
d or ban
Mature spines ee or slightly discolored,
often stout and cluste red, sometimes curved,
"Ma ely M eH and then No. hidden in
the areola ot closely spirally twisted. VII. DILLENIANAE.
IE Bm ed or red-brown, banded in our
gia E Spay twisted. VIII. ELATIORES.
Plants with un
oe eee a thinnish, with persistent bristles
the eolae: berries small, less than 5 ecm.
ng. V. TORTISPINAE.
Xoints thick and turgid, with deciduous or obso-
lete br n in the areolae: berries large, over
5 em, IX. FICUS-INDICAE.
Joints pubescent: spines setaceous, pliable: hypanthium
with numerous areola X. LEUCOTRICHAE.
900 OPUNTIACEAE
I. CURASSAVICAE
Larger joints broad, obovate, oval, suborbicular, or sub-
globose: spines setaceous -acicular, SP ionally long
and slender: berry urceolate, tubercul
Larger joints elliptic, linear- elliptic, spatulate, or sub-
cylindric: spines acicular- u erry of a turbi-
Has obovoid or clavate ty
des ios dv subcylindric, tonis slightly m
repand-tuberculate: berry narrowly turbinate
clavate-turbinate
Joints decidedly flattened although often quite turgid,
n repand: ber obovoid to obconic-turbinate or
clavate.
Corolla Jenn: mad a deep-green: spines
ark-g wly obovoid obconic-
tur binate, e ‘than vice as long as
Corolla bright-yellov : joints pale-green : spines
mick gray: berry usate, over twice as long as
thick.
e
III. Tux AE
IV. OCHROCENTRAE
Plants erect and diffusely branched, with rather narrow
light-green joints: oe stout, DEBEO vellow in the first
year, e in the seco
TORTISPINAE
Plants prostrate, the stem and branches often forming
depressed mats or colonies of join
Pla n not armed with spines.
Joints Tg dd mueh longer than wide, thick or
turgid: berry 4—6 c lo
Joints | broad, itide jl noon than wide, usually thin-
Joints dee T E berry clavate-obovoid or nar-
rowly o
Joints pea ceo berry obovoid:
Plants a med, the spines mostly solitary in an
are ola
wid
Joints dull, deco: green pe Dluishereens inner
sepals not reniform: corolla 6 cm. wide or
more: mature spines gray in the first and
second years: inner petals longer than
ide.
Joints deep-green : berry clavate-obovoid or
narrowly obconic: spines dark- E aran
Joints raS oo erry oid: spines
pale-gray, ut.
io shining: SHOE sepals reniform: corolla
m. wide or less: mature spines ivory-white
“th first year, gray in the second: inner
BI nearly or quite as wi E as long.
ids joints narrow, ied SES
ermediate sepals ovate; inus sepals merely
ute: p RLM Minds Dod de seed usually less
than
Intermediate sepals io eme ep
abruptly acuminate: berry clavate, constricted
at t the base: seed 5
eter
Plants erect, oa diffusely branched, sometimes forming
thicke ts.
Plants not armed with spines.
2. O
. 0
O
. 0
6. 0
T. O
8. O
9. O.
0. O
9. O
. 0
11. O.
8. O
12. 0:
abjecta.
. Tracyi.
. Drummondii.
. impedita.
. pisciformis.
. eburnispina.
. ochrocentra.
. macrarthra.
Opuntia.
. Pollardi.
. Opuntia.
. Pollardi.
atrocapensis.
.macrarthra.
lata.
EN CCCUULULLCC IL C IL ON
OPUNTIACEAE 901
Hypanthium elongate: leaves spreading and re
curved: be erry oe adly obovoid, nearly or quite as
' wide as long eeds abou mm. in diameter. 13. O. turgida.
Hypanthium Bn as wide as long: leaves ascend-
e. erry ellipsoid-obovoid, D eee than
vide: seeds about 6 min, in diam
Plants. atta with single or EE pom at the
are
Mature. “spines ae year) gray, darker
nd
14. O. polycarpa.
gray the
Meanie ee a mainly pale-vellow : und rounded
at the base: seeds 6 mm. in diamet
Young spines brown: berry narrowed, orien con-
stricted at the base: seeds 4 mm. in diameter.
Mature spines (first year) white, becoming gray the
second year.
Corolla 6-7 em. wide: spines fon e long: berry
narrowly E 2.5-3.5 em. long. 16. O. austrina.
Corolla 8- wide: SU ns 5- a long:
berry Bod obovoid, 4-5 cn 17
14. O. polycarpa.
15. O. nitens.
. 0O. cumulicola.
VI. AMMOPHILAE
Plants tree-like, the stout or stocky trunk divided above
into few or na div ME branching joints, sometimes
I like: gray-green, usually copiously
armed. 18. O. ammophila.
VII. DILLENIANAE
Fn. Dodd e to acicular, rigid, spreading.
olae VERE 4-13 short- subulate spines which s
don exceed the bristles, the joints thus apparently
unarmed: corolla campanulate or cupulate
Areolae bearing 2-6 long spines which: much: exceed the
bristles the joints thus conspicuously armed (in-
dividuaily Me. unarmed): corolla rotate,
n O. ter ra.
19. O. keyensis.
Cor olla P "d anum and berry con-
nd into a long slender base, thus decidedly
elavate.
Corola rotate: hypanthium and berry
tracted into a long slender base.
Berry M longer than thick, the
20. O. tenuiflora.
not con-
umbilicus
Hpanthium long-turbinate or obconic-turbi-
nate, much longer than its greatest
diameter.
All ME Me armed with a cluster of
inteemedisite and inner sepals acute:
be o more or less constricted at the
ba seeds large, 5-6
dE 21. O. Dillenii.
Intermediate and mnr sepals truncate
ate: y not constricted
e base: d eiat 3—4 mm. in
du 22. O. Lindheimeri.
po E ‘the: ae armed with 1, 2, or
23. O. stricta.
3
Hypanthium short-t urbinate or obovoid-turbi-
2 t ightly longer than the greatest
a
Outer s E E of a deltoid type; intermedi-
ate sepals reniform or ee reniform, 7
rounded and minutely poi 24. O. Bentonii.
25
^
Nn
2
VÀ
D
|
N
eo "zd
a5
ge
uz
2
3
£D bh
te
oO
2
=
Rs
98 3
M
n
zi
>
.fP
ty
Ct
O. tunoidea.
ate,
S long, the umbilicus convex. 26. O. turbinata.
Spines diea setaceous, weak and pliable, sparse, reflexed
or recurved.
fn short, UE to orbicular-obovate, the larger
1-1.5 long: leaves subu ate, reeurved-
ae ading. 27. O. cantabrigiensis.
Joints elongate, elliptic, oval or narrowly obovate, the
arger ones Dus 9 dm. long: leaves loosely ascending. 28. O. magnifica.
902 OPUNTIACEAE
VIII. FSLATIORES
Piana erect, but diffusely branched: spines banded: hypan
hium broadly turbinate: berry broadly obovoid, not
poet ie cd at the base. 29. O. zebrina.
X. FICUS-INDICA
Plants very robust, mo r less tree-like, the aa joints
supported on the SUD terete trunk. most y abou dm
long: corolla large, mostly 8-10 m wide: berry red or
orange, said to be gome une: yello 30. O. Ficus-Indica.
X. LEUCOTRICHAE
Plants erect, often with the joints of the main stem fused
into a trunk, the older parts especially, clothed with
white hair-like | bristles : joints with numerous, rather
close-set ar : hypanthium with numerous areolae :
berry Sea 31. O. leucotricha.
almost bare limestone some sand and humus has collected, very
irregularly branched, often ih a tuber
ou S: ints suborbieular, Wer
mo subilobose oval or bro adl y obovate,
mos ly 4-8 em. long, very thick, frequently
very turgid, lght-green, often much-
branched, loosely attached to oS other :
leaves ovoid to conic-ovoid, 2- ong,
ir] and slightly curved ieee mo green
r purplish, aecompanied by fine bristles, but
without he areolae not very conspicu
us: nes Mun iios solitary, Pu
: O. a Small. R oo often growing in large irregular patches
, the larger ones 2
flowers usually solitary on a join yp
th t e: sepal een, the outer ,
subulate-lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, acute: corolla light-yellow, 2.5-3.5 em. wide;
petals few, obovate, usually minutely pointed: berry urceolate, 2-2.5 cm. long,
somewhat tuberculate, red or purple-red, rounded 2 bei base, the a
relatively ve ad, coneave: seeds qu flattish —H
, S end of Big Pine Key, Fla
g
fruit in their native haunts, they Te thus far failed to ios in euin za-
tio
more diminutive; t epos narrowly ellipsoid to narrowly cylindric, more or less
ttened, 2.5—8 em. long or longer and wo cien. bright-green, very loosely
m
|
2. O. Tracyi Britton. Plant similar to that of O. Drummondti, but usually
int nthiu ur
the outer subulate, dic iude triangular, the i d edd corolla
bright-yellow, nearly similar to t b of O. DOT rry narrowly turbi-
nate to cla Maas rbinate, 3-4 em. long, purple, the un E depressed: seeds
few, 5-5.5 mm. in diameter, Mrd —Sand-dunes and sandy woods near the
coast, NE Fla. and S E Ga. to Mis
O. Drummondii Graham. Plant prostrate, diminutive a scattered in the
sa and, or diffusely sprawling, sometimes forming depressed mats by the copious
branching and hanging together by the armament, E po ellipsoid,
OPUNTIACBAE | 903
usually narrowly so, or slightly ups eid the middle or ou it, thick
turgid and ong, li reen o
Ong, ascending and Ru recurved, green, unaccompanie i Pied
es:
spines slender-subulate, Pon or r 4 together, pi ink, reddi a e red,
at maturity Bray, often dark-gray, RUN the sometimes d Ier tip, when dry,
E en "e nearly terete: 1 rs usually solitary on a joint
an |
mm. Ee acute or ‘acuminate, intermediat ML E. to rhombie-
ovate, acuminate, the inner orbie ovate above the broad elaw-like base
m. long, abruptly deni co NADA lemon- wallow . wide: a
few, broadly obovate, truncate and emarginate at the apex and mucronate:
anthers fully 2 mm. long: berry narrowly obovoid to bd uim te, 2.5—3.5
em. long, reddish purple, the umbilieus coneave: seeds few, turgid, about
5 mm. in diameter. [O. frustulenta Gibbes. O. Pes. Corvi LeCont te |—Sand-
dunes and pinelands, outer part of Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—
This and the next preceding species are so thor roughly disguised in eonneetion
with their habitats that the loosely artieulated joints are frequently to be
found adhering to one's clothing before they are noticed on the ground.
O. impedita Small. Plants closely prostrate, ultimately eop oey branched,
the joints often m alti uo. eep and forming viciously armed mats
elliptic or nea ny SO ur 7-15 em. long, rather thick, light- Ee n: leaves
stout-subulate, 4-6 mm. long, Ue or RUD e ightly cu rved upward,
dark- green, unaccompanied 2 PR d p or spines: spines sto outish,
usually numerous, solitary o together, pale-gray, Rip ept t the nom at the
eR. when ay, Pris colored a faintly banded when wet: flowers often
ral on hypanthium ug nearly terete and even:
sepals green, PANE pos ps to ovate, 4—8 mm. long, acum the inner
inate
ueh larger, with the shoulders of the ud D ad body nar rrowed into the
oues tip: Me bright-yellow, 4.5—5.5 em. wide; petals several, about 12,
about 2.5-3 long, broadly obovate to cuneate-obovate, broadly rounded
m. long
at the apex, pesto mueronate; anthers nearly 2 rr Nui
is 3 : , rounded at the c the umbilieus bu small, a
ave: seeds rather few, 4—4.5 mm. in diameter [By e or first published
a "0. eda: |—Sand- a E Plain, N E Fla BN C.
5. O. pisciformis Small. Plant prostrate, copiously branched 2 rming dense
: o sib |
s ary or 2 or 3 together, S cream-colored becoming salmon colored and gray
vith a dark tip when dry, salmon when wet, the longer o 5—6 . long:
a numerous: hypanthium turbinate, angular and no 02 sepals
green, the outer un to triangular-lanceolate, 9-12 mm. long, acuminate,
vide:
3-4 em. long, broadly cuneate, mostly trun cate a emarginate at the apex,
E anthers nearly 2 mm. long: berry broadly turbinate-obovoid, 3.5—4
long, pu "ple, o) i the Mora the uus deeply concave: seed
e numerous, 5-5.5 mm. in dian —Sand-du unes, estuary of ‘the Saint
Johns River, Fla. — This p the x punctus species are vigorous growers
and loose- -jointed, This combination causes plants to form disorderly masses
of joints often a foot high.
O. eburnispina Small. Plant prostrate, widely } branched and foni ing m
on the dune sands, with tuberous roots: joints oval or suborbicular, 2l
904 OPUNTIACEAE
to broadest above the middle, thiekish, 6-13 em. us "E green, AE
shining, especially when young: leaves ovoid-subulat mm. long, pale
in
we
obeonie: sepals triangular, gre -7 mm. long: en yellow, 4-5 cm. wide;
petals few, narrowly cuneate, often minutely pointed: anthers nearly 1.5 mm.
long: berry obovoid, about em. long, E s dee depressed: seed few,
3-3.5 mm. in diameter, flatti ie Coa ands, Romano Island, Fla.—The
numerous ivory-white s dd ER a the green joints render patches
of the plants very conspie
7. O. ochrocentra Small. Plant erect, 1 m. tall or less, much-branched, some-
mes more or less diffuse, with coarse fibrous or somewhat swollen roots:
j lo
armed: spines 5-6 together or sometimes fewer on new joints, yellow, becom-
ing gray sion dry, yellowish-green when wet, straight, the longer ones 4.5—5
rather few: hypanthium tu rbinate or obovoid-turbinate:
sepals often purple tinged, deltoid to Mas orbieular or rhombic-reniform
aeute: pec bright lemon-yellow, 7-8.5 e vide, Modul rotate: pe ale few,
Ped ate to obovate, notehed at the apex or r with a minute tip: anthers about
mm e berry obov a 2-3.5 em. long, ed p! red- purple some-
ia. slightly eonstrieted at the base: see eds T numerous, 2.5-3 m ong.—On
edge of hammock, S E e nd of Big Pine Key and Cape Bu. Tia.
8. O. macrarthra Gibbes. Plant prostrate, the young growth sometimes
ascending, rather sparingly branched, but seldom forming mats, conspicuous
on account of its long, thick, smooth un with fibrous roots: joints ellip-
tie to broadly linear, sometimes broadened upward, mostly 15—35 em. long,
very thick, shining, light-green: leaves ovoid-subulate, green, 5-8 mm. long,
c-ova
bright- yellow, 6- T. em. wide; petals broadly cuneate- be te to obovate, 3-3.5
ong, rounded — the apex, mucronate, broad at the base: anthers abóut
2 ong: berry narrowly obovoid or clavate-obovoid, 4-6 cm. long, red or
red- S the umbilicus concave: seeds relatively few, 4—4.5 mm. in diameter,
flattish.—Sand-dunes, eoast of S. C. and N. C.
. O. Opuntia (L.) Karst. ay prostrate, the new growth sometimes ascend-
ing, with fibrous roots, 0 ofte orming extensive bright-green mats: joints
oe eter to forbids or ellipt ie, 5-18 em. long, deep-green, often
som what shin ing: leaves stout-subulate, 5-7 mm. long, often purple- tinged,
ase ending, eed straight, usually unaccompanied by spines: areolae incon-
spicuo spines when pr ag pinkish, becoming dark-gray when dry, dark
brown hen und hypanthium obconie, somewhat angled: sepals mostly green,
the outer subulate to lanceolate, -9 mm. ong, aeute, or abruptly sharp-
tipped, the intermediate ovate-lanceolate, E the inner rhombic-
obovate, abruptly pointed: corolla rotate, bright-yellow or sometimes reddish
at the center, 5-8 em. wide: petals few, 8-10, broadly obovate 2
euneate-obovate, about 3—4 em. long, rounded or emarginate and e at the
apex, mueronate; anthers 2.5-3 mm. long: berry narrowly obovoid * iu
obovoid, 2,5-5 em. long, red or purple-red, the umbilicus concave: seeds 4—5
OPUNTIACEAE 905
mm. in diameter.—(ATLANTIC PRICKLY-PEAR.)—Sandy or rocky places, edd
us Prodi omm Plain only N; Ga. to Ala. N. Y. and Mass. Has bee
eon eee with O. vulgaris Mill., a South American plant.
10. O. Pollardi Britton & Rose. Plant prostrate, forming irregular mats,
somewhat tuberous: joints dag nities or oval, varying to broadly obovate,
brian m d 10-15 cm. long, r sometimes el deep-green cape
the r les s glaucous se ae dull: leaves ovoid, 3 . long, t or
MORSU. sightly ue deep-green, unaccompanied pe bristles 2E spines:
areolae rather conspicuous, much scattered, some of the upper ones, at least,
usually arm cg. EC ae usually solitary, yellowish or pinkish, "pecomin
pale-gray at ma EC when dry, n-brown when wet: hypanthium
obovoid LE Hoa obovoid, uneven: ps RCM reen, the outer d to pen
sep
2-12 m ong, aeute, the "inner euneate-obovate, abruptly pointed or ro-
nate: cori ET, em. i ars yellow: petals fex ew, 7—10, inni once
broadly so, 2.5-3 cm. long, notehed and often BI at the apex:
b ab: 1.5-2 mm. lon s peus obovoid, d AL purple, the
mbilieus concave: seeds sometimes rather numero n diameter,
turgid le sand-dunes, and rarely oak ood. bur Plain, Fla. to
Miss. and Del
eei he atrocapensis Small. Plant diffusely prostrate, ineine assurgent at
tip, much-branched, the dec ir branehes with fibrous (?) roots: joints
ed elliptie, or proa ae oval, ne ^ was ng, deep-green, sometimes shin-
ing, not glaucous: tout-su bul long: aen small, often
med: spines TUM celina, light- S Pond ng white or finally gray
rem dry, straw-colored and often brown-mottled when wet, the longer ones
2—3.9 em. long: hypanthium obconic, 2—2.5 em. long, nearly even, iiu at the
base: sepals green, the outer ovoid to triangular-lanceolate, 3-7 mm. long,
wide: petals few, 8— o o to suborbieu! ar, 2-3 em. long, rounded or notched
t
at the apex, crisped, d: t mucronate, rounded or truncate at the base:
anthers nearly 2 mm En : be ce: Hie obovoid, c em. long, reddish-
purple, many-seeded, the ‘ambili 2 a E seeds 3-3.5 mm. in diameter,
flat.—Sand-dunes, Cape Sable, F
12. O. ipd eie ee be often radially branched, sometimes form-
eti
ing mats eter across, the tips of the branches sometimes assu rie
with ee cord Jike n “joints elliptic to Edu obovate, often na
ro nei so, thick, 0.4—1.5 dm. long, deep-green, sometimes glaucous, ier
n young: s subulate, 6—11 mm. long, j^ een or purple-tinged: areolae
senttered often conspicuous, der aen very prominent and densely bristly, the
arginal o ones, at least, armed: spines slen aoe dini or 2 together, D
pal
md um = or a banded, at pred gray o arly w white when ary,
stramineous when : hypant hium obeonie to ns ES sepals green, the p
subulate m on acute, the intermediate lanceolate to tanga. age eo-
o E npe the inner rhombic, abruptly acuminate: corolla 7—9
vide; peta als rather numerous, the outer broadly Cue Bil the
inns "ns broadly o to flabellate or ee A erose at the broad
minutely mucronate ag nthers abou ny mm. long: berry clavate, 5-6.5
meee red or red-purple, many- pe e umbilicus concave: seeds. about 5-6
in diameter —Pinelands, lime- a fon Fla.
13. O. turgida Small. Plant erect, more or less diffusely branched, 0.5 m.
tall or a with fibrous roots: joints elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 5-12 em.
long, thickish, deep-green, o slightly glaucous when youne dba.
subulate, 6-10 mm. long, spreading and more or less recurved, green, sometim
aecompanied by fine bristles, but without spines: areolae i often
906 OPUNTIACEAE
po us bei pn i older joints: spines (as far as known)
ing: often several a joint: hypanthium obovoid or obconic-
22 , 2— > Be m. long, slightly: ‘tuberclea: eun diee or LE tinged, the
outer uid to lanceolate, ong, acute, rho p c-ovate,
1.5 em. long, stout-poi ed UE bri i A US5- 6.5 wide:
petals 10—12, about 3 em. long, broadly euneate, abruptly narrowed., oa
or subtruncate at the apex, mucronate: anthers 2 mm. long: berry obovoid,
2—2.5 em. long, greenish-purple, even, broadly rounded at the ee the umbili-
lit e he midd
Hh
e
m
diamet
Halifax River to the St. Mary’s River, Fla.
14. O. polycarpa Small. Plant erect, 1 m. tall or less, copiously and diffusely
branehed, often in large colonies or patches: joints elliptie, narrowly in a
elliptic or sometimes broadly so, more or less be E 1-4 dm. long,
bright-green: leaves subulate, 3-7 mm. long, or so es longer, TE
and more or less curved upy ward, often purple- ii poros nied by very
fine bristles, with or withou spines: areolae seattered, often prominently
ristly: spines, when p r n e-
late, 6—15 mm. long, acute, the intermediate lanceolate, the inner nearly or quite
as wi ide as long, more or less rhombic, sometimes broadly shouldered and nar-
poe a as NU tip: corolla bright-yellow, 6.5-7.5 em. wide; petals about dei
th
long, purple or reddish-purple, even, rounde d or slightly bords at the um
the umbilieus flattish and shallowly pitted at the center: seeds, numerous, about
in diameter, rather wide-margi ned, somewhat aoe ae —Coastal eue
from the mouth of the Saint John's River to the Halifax Rives and o
reed islands of the Cape Romano region, also locally in the interior, Fla.
15. O. nitens Small. Plant 1 m. tall or less, more or bd Ep spreading,
with long fibrous roots: joints mostly o obovate, 6—15 em. long, thickish, rur
not glaucous, shining, sometimes sli ghtly i twist ed: eee short-subulate, 3-5
mm. long, ascending: areolae often prominent on account of the a
coarse bristles, mostly armed: spines solitary or 2—4 together, brown with
a
light tip, becoming dark-gray with a brown tip when dry, most of the longer
ones 2-3 cm. long: flowers dually several to a joint: hypanthium E
about 3 em. long: sepals green, dd outer subulate or lanceolate to triangular-
lanceolate, 6-16 mm. long, the inner rhombic ee to broadly rhombic-cuneate,
1.5-2 em. lon ng, all acute: corolla light-yellow, rotate, 5.5-6.5 em. wide; petals
br Ed euneate-obovate, 2.5-3 long, roun n e piae at the apex,
mueronate, rather broad at the po e: anther 2.5 long: berry
elavate-obovoid, about 4 em. long, purple, the PEN like bce much shorter
than the body, the umbilicus concav umerous, about 4 m n diam-
eter, very turgid.—Hammocks, on shell- ida along the dona cu of the
Ha lifax River, Fla.
O. austrina Small. Plant erect, 1 m. tall or less, irregularly branched,
tuberous: joints broad, bo al or subo dp varying to obovate e
elliptie, thinnish, 5-10 e eu) or rarely longer, deep-green or bright-green:
leaves stout- subula te, 4—7 mm ong ascending, usually aecompanied by spines;
green or pp. inged: areo olae r prominent, the in and upper ones
usually armed: spines slender- oa yellowish or reddish, at maturity white
or light- n when d pale-brown when wet, solitary or 9 ccm. hypan-
OPUNTIACEAE 907
thium obovoid-turbinate, 2.5—3 cm. long: sepals green, the outer did ^
o OV
lanceolate, 7-14 mm. long, acute, the intermediate lanceolate t ate, s
acuminate, the b r onis ovate, Mae y acuminate: coro olla ape
broad, light-yellow, or sometimes very pale; petals few, the outer FAR
emarginate and abru REA Mone, the inner Poe rounded and minutely
pointed at the se anthers about 2 mm. long: berry narrow ly obovoid, 2.5—3.5
em. long, purple: seeds numerous, 2.5—4.5 mm. in diameter, very w. — Pine-
lands, S pen. Fla
7. O. cumulicola Small. Plant similar to that of O. austrina, but more
ds and larger throughout: joints eee Ld Or m 9-30
ess
long, thick, bright-green: leaves subulate, 5-11 long, more or
e. areolad plore most » marginal, nearly "un often armed: spine
stout-acicular, usually solitary, if 2, the additional one ver y small, light PH
low, EE s -gray or whitish. when dry, light-brown when w et: coroll:
mostly 8-11 broad, deep-yellow; petals r poe ee the outer cuneate-
euer truncate or quent i m and pointed, the inner flabellate and
firi unded at about 2s mm. lo Ong: punt peel
po MUN pt per um concave: seeds numero
Don very turgid.—Coastal End -dunes, S pen. Fla.
8. O. gn oe Plant erect, more or Es Deed aug be or
ultimately w with a m 1-2 m. tall or more, becoming 1-2.5 dm. in diameter,
bearing several spreading branches at the to op, con tree- like, Ho en tuber
ous: joints various, those of the main stem elongate, ultimately fused at the
n and subeylindric, ose of the branches n obovate or cuneate,
ing to ud or oval, e sh, 0.5-1.7 dm. long, becoming gray-green:
leaves stout- uera , 6-10 m m. long, To or asce e E purple-
tinged: areolae re lativ vely numero nspieuous on of the densely
crowded done bristles, p ly on the ol der Joints, the a ones, at
least, armed: i very slender, solitary or ag es reddish or red, at
maturity gray, mostly 2-6 cm. long, n early t seareely spirally twisted:
ia rud al on a Ls the buds Eos poin ated: hypanthium turbi-
3-3.5 em. long, more or less Ap pi -ridged, with dbi 1 areolae, the
seals lax or eer pers green or purple-tinged, the outer lanceolate,
8-16 mm. long, acute, the Bm o lanceolate to n shor
the inner rhombie to broadly rhombie-e d abruptly pointed: eor eM
bright-yellow, 5-8 em. wide; Us Brodit neate, euneate-obovate or
obovate, mds or ge EUN a ue DEOR ntly mueronate, even or
obseurely eros nthers 3— ong: berry obovoid, 2-3 em. long or
rarely some what a o with edi -purple, tubereulate, CN juicy,
the umbilieus eoneave: seeds numerous, about 4 n diameter, narrowly
margined, ens turgid.— (SCRUB Ce a ab, pun Fla.— This plant
reaches its maximum development in the c George region s inum
Bartram observed it there in his e. However, in recording it in his nar-
rative he confused the vegetative parts of this crue and the large pu of
the A RUM pear of the coastwise Ene
"e O. Tey Britton. Plant erect, much-branched, sometimes oe
mps 3 m. tall, with long fibrous roots: joints elliptie, oval, obovate, or spat
T ge l- - dm . long, bright-green: din eonie-subulate or narrowly e
ied
2—4 . lon ending, straight or nearly so, green, accompanied by incon-
En ‘bristles, bat without spines: Mcr rather conspicuous, poss relatively
large and prominent, apparently unarmed: spines stout, 4-13 together, very
aren
short, mostly hidden in the bristles, pink, at maturity salmon-colored, some-
S y , Sli
f T
ned: buds short-pointed: flowers solitary o r 3 on & joint: sepals green,
the outer deltoid to subreniform, aeute or iod Or pem pointed, inter-
908 OPUNTIACEAE
mediate ones somewhat ce the inner E Ta psi pointed:
ues salmon-colored, E -like or short-campanulate, 3-3.5 wide; petals
r f
SOUL. undulate, scarcely, i all, nate: anthers about
berry obovoid, 4—6 cm. long, s slightly eon at the base, dc umbili-
oe elds the edge, depressed i e middle: seeds numerous, about 5
in ter.—Hammocks and MAE pora dunes, Florida Keys and Cape
Sable er) e Cape Romano region, Fla.
O. tenuiflora Small. Plant partly d 1 m. tall or less, usually much-
TA ched and decumbent and diffuse, with coarse fibrous roots: joints spatulate
to elliptic-spatulate, or narrowly elliptie j MUS 1.5—£ dm. long, i cara pid
green and often pui glaueous: leaves ovoid i ovoid- o , 9-3. 5m
long, Spr reading o ing, a ed by short spin a not very
nspicuous, mos P s spines mostly 3-6 Nd pale-yellon, becoming
sord dy ellow when dry pale-brown or dica tinged with when wet,
curved, the longer s 2-5 em. long: flowers few Sip a “clavate, 44.5
em. long, pr omer “ridged and tubercu e. with a — dud -like pad
RE Tru B. ird deltoid, to broadly reniform and with lateral wings o
shoulder ong acute, the inner o e m p rh UN ‘obovate,
r - campanu
; petals obovate
cm. long, rounded or truncate at the apex, mucronate, slightly ele at the
ase: nus about 2.5 mm. long: berry ind rab ate, 6—7 cm. long, pu D.
the stipe-like base nearly or S. as long a ody, the umbilicus coneave
eds numerous, 3-3.5 mm. long. uide den us Florida Key
21. O.Dillenii (Ker) Haw. Plant n ond striet Ka wu) branehed
or much-branched and sometimes diffus sometimes 2 m. tall and often
siege tree-like, with stout fibrous E joints elliptic to o. or oval,
o 1- : dm. lon ng, tight green, eens glaucous: leaves lu e 2-5
long, scending, str i d or nearly e PE green, accompanied by
bristles D without spines: ee E^ ote but conspicuous, mostly armed:
spines stoutish, clustered, usu ally 3-6 obe. flattened, often curved, pale-
re, at n rity dee s yellow eae LAE ordid when d paler yellow when
: flowers everal on a joint: hypanthium narrowly obconie, 4.5—5.5 em. long,
lightly ridged, not uc at the De sepals green, de pue o to pios
gular or deltoid, 3-9 mm. long, wingless or obscurely winged, acute; the in
orbicular- reniform to rhombie-reniform, 1.5-2 em. long, abr ee oid:
corolla yellow, salmon, or reddish, rotate, 6-8 em. wide; petals rather few
broadly obovate to cuneate-flabellate, 3.5-4.5 em. long, M p usually notched
at the apex, decidedly narrowed at the base: anthers abou mm. long: berry
pyriform, 5-8 cm. long, or sometimes dip purple, narrowed to the base, the
umbilicus flattish with a depressed center: seeds numerous, 5—6 mm. in diameter,
turgid.—Hammocks, along or near the a tidal hammocks, and coastal sand-
dunes, pen. Fla., adj. islands and Florida Keys.— (W. I., Merx.)
indheimeri Engelm. Plant robust, 3 m. tall or less, often widely
Pn ‘throughout, € thus for ming a large 'shrub with coarse fibrous roots:
i Run ng, mucronulate, dark-green near the er; inner sepals cuneate-
late, m ucronate, thin-edged: corolla rotate, oe w; petals about 10,
the fete broadly obovate, 4-5 em. long, the inner scarcely as broad as the outer,
OPUNTIACEAE 909
all notehed B ie rather thin-edged and erisped, contracted at the
base: anthe 9-3 mm. long: berry pyriform, varying to obov is or nearly
a rS em. den ng, purple, the umbilicus somewhat depressed: seeds
ous, 3-4 mm. in diameter, very turgid.—Pinelands especially about old
orate and homesteads, pen. Fla. Nat. of Tex. and "Me
23. O. stricta Haw. Plant erect, but po diffusely much- gue 1-3
m. tall: joints eA re ies obovate, rather thick, mostly 1-
ong, somewh iat glau ? leaves ahaa, mostly 5-7 mm. C 207
oung s
n
e
1 dm. wide; petals mostly 8-10, the outer cuneate-obovate, the inner obovate,
BUM p oe about 2.5 mm. long: berry pyriform or obovoid-
e, 5-7.5 ong, purple, the AE ue seeds rather r numerous,
L5 Er em. in eee flattish.—Shell mounds, kitchenmiddens, ae riginal
village sites, Fla. and S E Ga.—(F. 1)—Th is ad es, ext follow species
are two of the prickly-pears the early Spanish records tell us the PRS
feasted on = three months of each year and also cured, like figs, for food when
out of seaso
24. O. Bentonii Griffiths. px i. but ultimately diffusely or widely
branehed, mostly less than 1 m. tall, t tuberous: joints broadly spatulate,
i thi e stly
ht : le S
spre eadin ng, braight or a urved, no mpanied by zac. and onl
obscurely bus the base: sreclae rather voe cnt r more numerous
ee the edges m n on the faces of the e joints, few of the upper marginal ones
or joints individually Ban. spines slender, solitary, or 2 or 3 to-
m er and sometimes with several shorter ones, pale-yellow, at maturity deeper-
arly
e ong, glaucous: sepals green, DT e the center and the tips, the
outer broadly ovate "delto; , 5-10 m mm. de aeute, the nce renifor rm
or
| de d i
middle: seeds numerous, in meter, ' slightly peice une ux thi a
margined.—Pinelands and n du on near the coast, N Fla. o Tex.
O. tunoidea Gibbes. Plant Mr but ultimately diffusely and widely
bra nched, 2 m. tall or less, the ts not tuberous: joints broadly spatulate,
Oboe ‘elliptic. or oval mostly 13 dm. long, thiek or pir pas thinnish,
bright-green and mo m glaucous: leave es stout-subulate dn Bu . long o
rarely longer, eed straight or m LR recurved, not accom um ied by
o
whe
1-3 em. long, st er Or peus curved: pee rS Rr ry 0 r few on E E. int,
Ho: hypanthium short-turbinate or er; as coals green, the outer
910 OPUNTIACEAE
reniform, 4-8 mm. long, di dal pointed, the intermediate papilionaceous, the
inner flabellate-euneate, emarginate and mucronate: corolla bright- yellow, 6.5-8
em. wide, rotate; petals few, LM outer s oneal the inner | Spi
eR obovate, all toothed, emarginate, mueronate: anthers 2.5-3 m
on
ae globose- obovoid, 4. 5-6 em. long, pu E. ie umbilieus elo ue
eeds numerous, 5-6 mm. in em turgid, thick-margined.—Coastwise sand-
ce Ga. (N E Fla.?) to N. C.
96. O. turbinata Small. Plant erect, but diffuse, less than 1 mm. tall, much-
branched, Us th stout fibrous roots: joints oval, suborbieular or rr 1-1.5
dm. lon ng; light-green and cdd very thick: leaves ovoid, about 3 mm. long,
areolae rather prominent, mostly armed: spines solitary or 2-5 together, pale-
hoa "i "bright yellow, uae sordid uae when dry, dark-brown when wet,
e longer ones 2-3 cm. long: hypanthium turbinate: EO green, the outer
deltoid: ae acute, tlie intermediat e orbieular:o vate, the inner somewhat reni-
form and broadl pointed: corolla light- -yellow 5-55 em. wide; petals euneate
S Rad minutely pointed: berry globose- jm 3.0—4.0 em. long, pu urple,
mbilieus convex: seeds numerous, about 4.5-5 mm. in diameter, very 1
P —Coastal sand-dunes, N E Fla. to Ga.
cantabrigiensis pln 1. Plant erect, 1 m. tall or less, b iuh ey
it
hypanthium obovoid, green: corolla yellow, or some s red in the center,
rotate, puri 5—6 em. wide: berry globose-obovoid or ERA 3.5—4.5 em. long,
purple: seeds numerous, 3—4 mm. long, somewhat turgid.—Coastal na dunes
about Beaufort, N. C. Nat. of Mex
28. O. magnifica Small Plant 2 m. tall or less, more or less widely branched
and diffuse, with thick fibrous roots: joints elliptic, oval, or narrowly obovate,
2—5 dm. long or more, dw UA thin, more or less twisted, blu and
glaucous: leaves subulate, 6-8 mm. long, usually loosely ascending: areolae
ine y slender, even l
2 or 3 together
ale yellow a wet, d longer ones 1.5 em. long: dde not jl ooie
e
usually several to a joint: hypanthium obconic, 5.5-7 cm. long, green or some- |
times purple-tinged: eae mostly green, outer Schule te to triangular:
lanceolate, S-20 mm. long, the inner rhombie ovate or rhombie-obovate, 2.5-3
em. long, al acute or somewhat acuminate: grs olla deep-yellow, d ies
r
e ide; petals 12 fewer, broadly-obovate to ieular-obova 4—
long, rounded at apex, mueronate, slightly narrowed th broad bs
anthers linear, 4—5 mm. eng: pu obeonie-turbinate, 8.5-9.5 em. long, purple,
the umbilieus "flat or n nearly so: seeds about 3 mm. in diameter, very numerous.
—Pinewoods and bluffs, m Island, Fla.
29. O. zebrina Small. Plant erect, more or less branched throughout, fully
] m. tall, or less, the roots fibrous: joints oval or obovate, En a 1-2
dm. long, deep-green, sometimes o ade d E At ted: leave conie-
j mm. long, or
oid,
upward, bright-green, unaccompanied "by ns tles or spines eolae scattered,
some rey usually the lower ones, unarmed, the D ones Tuna ux
3 > ^ n RM or r ely
me gether
ba mici Mh Es ry, paler or salmon- and less eonspieuously banded when
wet, nearly terete, closely ied tw isted, flowers few, sometimes several on a
OPUNTIACEAE 911
joint: hypanthium E or turbinate-obovoid, about 4 em. long: E green,
the outer laneeolate to deltoid, aeute, the intermediate rhombie-obovate, acumi-
nate, the inner rhombic eunest or broadly cuneate, ab ‘uptly po bn corolla
rich-yellow, rotate, 6-8 em. wide; petals about 8, the outer obovate-cuneate, the
inner broadly obovate, all un 2 la te, emarginate or notched at the apex and
mucronate: anthers 2-28 mm. long: berry “broa adly obovoid, a constricted at
the base, mostly 5-6 em. long, pos purr the re very broa 2 pus s
the edges and somew d. depressed in the middle: seeds nume
diameter or rarely larger—Coastal sand- d Rio ham e onum d
Keys, Cape Sable, and Ten Thousand EM Fla.
30. O. Ficus-Indica (L.) Mill Plant bd. un tree-like, 4 m. A or Pus
the early joints dE fusing to for ick trunk whi ch suppor regu-
arly spreading heavy branches: are POE varying to sligh Jud bo
above the middle or quits it, thick, mostly 3-4 dm. long, ae peeved rigid
areolae small, with yellow ish bristles a white wool: spin anting, cea-
sionally and irre is pu t develo ope e and ee puse pale, bs ma iu od
c D nearly te : flowers usually several on a joint rolla yellow, 8—10
vide: berries obovoid, ET Or eod (said to be ae ur yellow), 5—9
-o seeds 3.5—4.5 dia —Old fields, roadsides, and waste-
T Fla. Naturalized Ton "ond plants. The ud home is not
known.
3l. O. leucotricha DC. Plant stout, 5 m. tall or less, widely branched above,
with stout fibrous roots: joints olliptic, ie or subo rbicular, mostly 1-2 dm
lon ng, often a and narrowed in the n stems, t innish, minutely pubes-
cent, gray-gre eolae nu oe closely set, armed: spines 3-5 i dol
when young, deus dn. many as 19, very unequal, pani ng Rs
, par
e o id-
2.5-3.5 em. long, with ma E areolae bearing clusters of
spines: sepals bei e outer pe -l4 mm. long, with curve
acuminate tips, the P rhombic- a. e, slender- -acuminate, the inner
with obovate, oval, or orbicular- o bodies which are abruptly narrowed into
hei tips: Cor. perpe 7.5-9 em. wide; petals broadly cuneate or cuneate-
obovate, 3—4 cm. long, rou nded at the a apex and mucronate: anthers fully 2 mm.
long: ber ry short. obovoid or pug obovoid, 4—6 em. long, yellow, or sometimes
paler or red, y pubescent, the hair-like spines fugaceous.—(DURASNILLA.
AARON ’S-BEARD ee E A W side of Saint Lucie Sound, Fla. N
of Mex.—Naturalized in the hammock 2 Vd Ft. Pierce from plants taken
3. BRASILIOPUNTIA &mall. Trees, more or less shrub-like in the
early stages, with terete trunks and dimorphie d the lateral often hori-
zontal ones terete like the trunk, spiny, supporting flat, dilated, leaf- ae rela-
tively thin branchlets. Leaves small, stout, early deciduous. Spin S various,
elustered on the trunk and branches, often solitary on the ya Nen Flowers
relatively small, sometimes numerous. Hypanthium stout, with bristly areolae.
Sepals broad. Petals relatively narrow, often spatulate. Berry globose to
clavate, juicy. Seeds few or solitary, relatively large, woolly.—Three ee
South American.—Interpreted under this generic name as a subgen
Schumann.
1. B. brasiliensis (Willd.) Haw. Plant erect, tree-like, tall or more, or
often much smaller, with a terete BPO tapering CE m in mature
912 OPUNTIACEAE
plants supports terete spreading branches,
ong, clear-green or light Lau) t
LM unaccompanied by bristles
spines, deciduous; areolae small, minutely
white- BUS. those of the stem, branehes,
joi
so: corolla lemon-yellow, mos em
wi b E to oval 2.5-4 E
lon ng, light-yellow, the areolae conspieuous on a of the tufted nod
bristles, the ambiens slightly concave in the middle: seeds 7
eter. puntia asiliensis Haw. |—Hammocks, woes pe donus Or oc-
easionally in waste-places, pen. Fla. and the Keys. Nat. of E S. A.
CONSOLEA Lemaire. Shrubs or small trees, the main stems runk
ultimately a continuous terete or flattened shaft more or less uds armed
with acicular, clustered, often greatly elongate reflexed spines, the branches
flat, Mn p di a y spiny joints more or less irregularly spreading.
heu. very small puc scales. owers relativ d all, commonly
severa a on int. Hypanthium somewhat elongate, more or less flattened,
usually s oni often numerous areolae. Sepals broad. Petals broad, often
of an obovate type. Berry more or less elongate, enlarged upward, fleshy.
Seeds flattened with cristate edges and hairy sides.—Eight species, West
Indian and the following.
C. E AS Small. Plants tree-like, 2 m. tall or less, or ultimately ed
ight green: stem (trunk) erect, arising tn coarse fibrous roots, strict, copi-
sly and br etl armed, elliptic or ova
Ho -section: leds numerous, each vih a a
cluster of 5—9 spines: spines salmon-colored
when oe Tight. ay when mature and
dry, darker n wet, acicular, one of each
areola much od than t he others, often
7—12 em. long: joints arising from the top
or near Pu to; of the stem or trunk, elliptie
or ;
thin, the lar ones 2-3 cm. , all eopi-
ously armed, the spines similar to those of
the trunk, but s maller: oe wers rather numer-
3 lo = thick, th mo
less renifor hinner, abruptly pointed:
a bright- ^ obovate to orbicular-obo-
vate, 1 cm. lo ong oi or less: i. with an obovoid base: berry obovoid or clavate-
obovoi d, 2.5—5 em. long, yellow, with spreading spines, the umbilicus deeply
concave: seeds rd irregular, 7-9 mm. in diameter— Hammocks, Key Largo
and Big Pine Key, Fla. All year. mud plant P5 several unusual character-
istics. The flat branches are ine elin ed to grow e plan om the trunk,
hence the name semaphore-cactus; the unfertilized me de to a vegeta-
tive branch; the berries are frequently proliferous.
OPUNTIACEAE 913
5. RHIPSALIS Gaertn. Sueculer hrubs, sometimes with aerial
fibrous roots. Main stem woody, the imei terete, but heteromorphie, v
succulent. Leaves obsolete or minute scales. Are mé scattered. Flowers di
for the family, diurnal and nocturnal. Hypanthium
short-campanulate or hemispheric, naked, not A dd:
beyond the De Sepals very broad. Petals few,
broad, white our species. Stamens few. chi
erect: SERM E stout. Berry white, as thick
long or nearly so, smooth.—About 50 species, nm
tropieal American.
assutha Gaertn. Plants in much-branched
lm
m.), P ue d r 4—8 i d von areolae with 5-9 deciduous
bs flowers sessile: seals Podio to ovate-reniform, about 1 mm. long
or less: petals white, bas Or petis. var X. to Mbps Or obovate, about 3 mm.
long: dare ys ong: berry globose or oval varying to ovoid or obovoid,
4-5 mm. in di -— oe -CACTUS. MISTLETOE-CACT US.) — Hammocks,
—All
Bverglade Keys, d "Fla —(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)—Nat. in the O. W-
yea
6. SELENICEREUS Brittón & Rose. Succulent shrubs with angled or
ridged, trailing, sometimes, creeping, clam ering, or climbing stems and
branches, the angles or ridges supporting separated areolae, each of which has
o n stered spines. Leaves obsolete. Flowers
nocturnal, showy, a m an areola. Hypanthium clavat Mi
ng fro an
hairy. Sepals dier often green or yellow, very marrow. Po tals white,
broader than the sepals. Berry oval, varying to ovoid or obovoid, or sub-
globose, armed with clusters of deciduous spines.—About 18 species, tropical
Ameriean.—Spr.—SNAKE-CACTI.
Branches armed with short conic inconspicuous spines: hypanthium about 15 cm.
1
long, funnelform at the to . S. pteranthus.
Branches armed with long sl ender- subulate spines: hypanthium
about 10 cm. DUE scarcely dilated at the top. d coniflorus.
1. S. pteranthus (Link & Otto) Britton & Rose. Vine, the stem and branches
clambering, extensively rooting, dull gr e old stems subterete, the branches
obtusely usually 4-an ed, the bran
shar arply 4—5-angled or ridged, altogether MA
forming serpent-like mn over obje NU, i
areolae small, the hairs white, very dad
the spine’ conic, usually 2—4 together: flow-
ers lateral, starting as short conie buds
whic
the pee subglobos da
o iod stiff white hairs and pes of long. *
ar par hypa
Nr P DC uM
X i E
h .
NY xd
N LP y `
Ay N
. * M b
7 j 1 5 Re.
SS d. ESS f
~ . Or
= w t SG * -
Bn N : à à
DU NN eS AN NES S x 1
ow RS A
N
r5
——— a
—
MET E——Á
-
pw
sepa als narrowly elongate-linea 9-12 e
long, except the very outer ones, “ight. phi
58
914 | OPUNTIACEAE
ape petals white, voie quere to spatulate, the narrow ones acumi-
nate, the broader somewha e e and mucronate: anthers 4.5-5 mm. long;
berry globose, 6-8 em. in dia red.—Hammocks on high sand-dunes, S pen.
Tla.—Nat. of Me LE pes the hammock south of Ft. Pierce by the
pioneers during Seminole War times
2. S.coniflorus SED ) i dus & Rose. Vine, the stem and branches dif-
fusely clambering and elimbing by eopious roots, deep-green, the older portions
stout and turgid, the a Em more slender, mostly edd sharply 5-angled:
areolae small, the hairs pale or nearly white, often about 1 cm. apart, the spines
eid hairs ae o of short spines; tubular part of the hypanthium about
10 em. long, scarcely dilated at the top, bearing rather elosely seattered scales
with tufts of ad. ee hairs and clusters of spines in their s sepals
very narrowly Mi NAA , 3-9 em. long, RE the outermost ones, bright-
green, attenuate: petals wh ite: be erry subglobose, 5-7 em. in doma —Pine-
lands a the Everglades, west of Halendale, ana fence -rows in pen. Fla.—
Nat. of Mex
7. HYLOCEREUS Britton & Rose. Coarse vines with 3-angled or 3-
winged stems and branches, climbing by aerial roots, the areolae remote on
th jd eaeh with a tuft of short hairs and a eluster of spines. Leaves
obsolete lowers nocturnal, very large and showy. Hypanthium trumpet-
shaped, with foliaceous scales. Sepals various, the outer ones resembling the
ypanthium scales, the inner — the
petals. Petals white, narrow. Berry ovoid
to globo wit ad seales.—About 18
d
nd branches stout, 8-12 "thick,
ines 2-4 mm. lo :
hypanthium relatively v tout, eopiously
scaly, shorter than the dn of the calyx:
sepals linear-lanceolate to linear, pes
spreading: petals spatulate to obova TM
shorter than the sepals: b ovoid, 8-10 ¢ id scarlet, the scales flat.—
(NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREU QUEEN- ad STHE-NIGH E — Hamm ocks, S pen Wen
and E Keys. Nativ n “not known.—Spr.- —Originally described fro
specimens grown in China, pe rhaps, pm o America. Apparently first
AMA ER m dE by the pioneers of the lower Indian River iue during
Seminole War
. ACANTHOCEREUS Britton & Rose. Coarse shrubs with 3—6-angled,
erect, diffuse, or Pi often greatly elongate, stems and branches, the
areolae remote on the e each with a tuft of short hairs and a cluster of
spines. Leaves nae Flowers nocturnal, relatively large. Hypanthium
trumpet- oa armed mith spines. Sepals various, the outer short, the inner
long an arrow. a is limear to spatulate. Berry o void or oval,
spine- pu —About 8 species, of continental tropieal America.
HJ
OPUNTIACEAE 915
1. A. floridanus Small. Stems and branches diffusely spreading or reclining,
3-10 m. long, stout, starting as : ipu ibbed plant about as thick as a
lead- he
d minen tly 3—5- angl ed, the SAT IE P Echo (I tZ Ey QUT
mostly 3-angled, dark- -green, oft ten forming DZ Jod WY)
impenetrable thickets: areolae remote, with : ; Zat—
AT
YU)
mostly 4-7 pe or Te Desin ae NSS E
eentral one prre 1-2 lon M ^u /|
hypanthium stout- trumpet yum. od, 8-10 em. gi alk
long, with few large se arated tubercled i 7» «d
arce at the base, the areolae at the base
he hypanthium beari —) di-
verging spines, those on the tubular Pos
usually with one spine each: ealyx gre
Bl. -tinged; sepals deltoid to trian ane
eres lane eae ae m almost
i longer a
linear, 3.5 E
minat g em. i 5 t
petals broadly d 3.5—4.5 em. long, eres six times as long as wide, broadly
aeuminate: filam adnate more P half way up from the P of the
hypanthium: ie less than 2.5 mm. long: berry ovoid, 4—6.5 cm. long, sear-
a shining. [ ntagonus (Fl. SE. U. S. )l|—(Dirpor. Ba ARBED-WIRE CAC-
A. pe
us.)—Hammocks, along or near the coast, S pen. Fla., and the Keys.—Sum.
9. HARRISIA Britton. Succulent shrubs, with fluted stems and branches,
the hie LAE ng areolae each of whieh supports a tuft of spines, the
of e reola arising pu ow the daa vi ool and varying greatly in
a Sun cce Flowers nocturnal, showy, arising from the upper
side of an areola. Hypanthium n ovr p nelform or clavate, scaly.
Sepals colored. Petals white, narrow. "Ber globose or ovoid-globose, with
few seale-bases, often with tufts of hairs. Pede very numerous.—About 18
species, distributed from Florida to Argentina.—Spr.—PRICKLY-APPLES.
Flower-buds brown-hairy: scales of the hypanthium with tufts o brown hairs in
their axils: berry yellow . H. Abor pe
Flower-buds pul "hairy: scales ee the ae with tufts
of white ha thei : berry red.
Hypanthium Sr OmuHentls deed the pales turgid at the
base: berry depressed-globose. 2. H. Simpsonii.
Hypanthium even or prance ridged, the scales flat or nearly
: berry obovoid. 3. H. fragrans.
boriginum Small. Plants 6 m. tall or less, usually forming dense
thickets, terrestrial, the stems erect or more or less reclining, UN or some
of them usually branched, 9-11-r
ue 7-9 in iis n very ender the Z Y /
truding from beneath them: seales on the
tubular part of the pasa, distant b
laneeolate, turgid, eaeh with short brown
916 OPUNTIACEAE
hairs protruding from beneath: flowers faintly scented: longer inner sepals nar
rowly linear, acuminate: petals = ds t of them exceeded by the longer sd
oblaneeolate, erose near the apex, adly acuminate eae: ay slender-
tipped: stamens ee ped i E 2 7.5 em. in ares s yellow, the
scar at the apex abou in dia eeds 3 m o Sho e hammocks
and shell-mounds, Tanpa Bayr e Tia, p the Ten "Phossand Tslands.
2. H. Simpsonii Small. Plants 4 m. tall or nie scattered or in colonies, ter-
restrial or often epiphytic, the stems sometimes vine-like, simple or individ-
ually branched, 9- or 10-ridged: spines mostly 7 9 in each areola, slender, the
longer ones of each cluster 1-2.5 em. long: young buds clothed with white
hairs: hypanthium longer than the flower-limb, long-fu , P tly
and coarsely ri , the swollen base clothed with broadly lanceolate, closel
set or imbricate scales, with white hairs protruding from beneat scales
of t ubular part he anthium rather nu us and close-set, very
turgid, lanceolate, each with white hairs protruding fro ath: flowers
inodor longer inner ain linear, 4.5— m g, minate: petals Msc.
narrowly spatulate or rrowly cuneate-spatulate, erose near apex, each
e
abruptly narrowed into a short tip: stamens nearly erect: berry depressed-
globose, about 6 em. in diameter, dull- pu usually with partly 1 scales,
the scar at the apex des As X. n diamete Ae seeds ful long.
[H. Brook (FI. S.) ]-—Hammo die an angrove sw E dc srrestrial
or epiphytic, Cape a to ed ud ibo: and Madeira Bay region
Fla. and Florida Keys
. fragrans Small. Plants 5 m. tall or less, growing singly, sometimes
approximate, but not in colonies, the stems erect, reclining, or clambering,
prominently 10-12-ridged, the ridges more or less dM between the
areolae, the grooves rather deep and sharp: areolae about 2 cm. apart, each
with a "dense tuft of very short hairs on the upper side: eda puc 9-13
in each areola, mostly grayish e yellowish at the tip, one of each areola
eig aus the e others, mostly 2—4 em. long: young buds Mcd we whi te-hairy:
buds about to a fully - em. iene om —20 em. long): hypanthium light-
gre a longer than the flower-limb, a r-funnelform, scarcely ridged, the
swollen base Sud pus b Or bene ud Hs separated scales, with long
white hairs protruding from beneath them and very lax: scales of the tubular
pa art of the hypanthium few and purs E slenderly posset not
urgid, with a tuft of long white hair sepals very narrowly
Poids slende rly acuminate: petals white or r pinkish, S det. e-tipped:
ovary “cavity o oid: berry obovoid, about 6 em PUE e red, with tufts
dis ng hairs persistent with the scale- Dus Bede arly 3.5 , lon ng.—Ham-
oeks on high sand-dunes, kitehenmiddens, and eas Paes on Mosquito
In et to Saint Lucie Sound, Fla.
10. CEBPHALOCERBEUS Pfeiff. Succulent shrubs or trees with fluted
stems and branches, the ridges supporting areolae, each of which supports a
tuft of in| the spines of each areola arising from all parts of the tuft of
wool and varying greatly in length. The bark at length ons Leaves ob-
solete. ee diurnal, inconsp nie arising from the center of an areola.
Hypanthium eampanulate, naked or scaly above. Sepals e o. e white
or pale, broad. Berry more or less depressed sai Seeds numerous. ae ee
40 species, tropical Ameriean.—Wint.-spr.— TREE-CACTI.— The two following
species have a definite geologic on a Deeringit inhabits the Key
Largo limestone, C. keyensis the Key West oólite. Where these two limestones
meet on Big Pine Key the ranges of the two species come together.
BEGONIACEAE 917
Sepals and petals obtuse, rounded or emarginate: spines of the areolae rd more
than 25 (25-31). 1. C. Deeringii.
Sepals and petals acute, abruptly pointed or acuminate: spines of
the areolae mostly fewer than 15 (9-15). 2. C. keyensis.
l. C. Deeringii Small Shrub or small tree becoming 10 m. tall, the stem er ect,
simple or with few erect elongate LIN branches forming a very narrow
head, i a deep-green, usual
: a ou
ribbed: eolae copiously hairy, the Ta O
rather ma spines 25-31, the longe
ones r ers abou
ong, n vly eampanulate: sepals obo-
vate, ob ee or Pere petals 9-11 mm.
long, clawless, ov al, obtuse, scarcely nar-
rowed at the bas : anthers less than 2 mm.
ong: Pia m depressed, 3—5 em. in di-
ameter, dark-red.—Rocky hammocks, upper
Florida Keys, from ne 8 front of Big Pine
Key to Upper Matecumbe Key.
. C. keyensis Britton & Rose. Shrub or
small tree, becoming 5 or 6 m. tall, the stem
sage pee ly s branched, often form-
ing mpaet na ead, th e branches
Bis or som pu. Tao 9- or 10-ribbed: areolae ao short-
hairy, the hairs mostly deciduous; spines 9-15, the n ones mostly less
than 1 em. long: flowers about 5 em. long, campanulate: sepals ovate, acute:
petals 14-16 mm. long, the outer ones clawed, with ovate or elliptic blades, the
inner Betis , oblanceolate to almost broadly linear, all acute, erose: anthers
“Ion ng: berry depressed, about 3.5 em. in diameter, ~ —Rocky
Mone lower Florida Keys, from Key West to Big Pine Ke
ORDER BEGONIAGES — BEGONIAL ORDER
Succulent herbs, shrubby plants or vines. Leaves alternate: blades
commonly inequilateral, toothed or lobed. Flowers monoecious, usually
somewhat irregular, cymose: staminate flowers with 2 or more sepals,
9 minute petals and many stamens, whose anthers open by pores or valves.
Pistillate flowers with a calyx, a corolla and a gynoecium of 2-5 united
carpels. Ovary inferior, 2-several- celled, the placentae entire or lobed.
Stigmas curved, twisted or coiled. Ovules numerous. Fruit capsular,
winged.
Faminy 1. BEGONIACEAE — Beconta FAMILY
e
pes Capsule e many-se m dr ou genera and oe 400 species,
widely distributed in tropical regions.
i. BEGONIA. L. Succulent plants sometimes woody below. Leaf-blades
oblique. Staminate flowers with 2 unequal pairs of petals. Pistillate flowers
918 PROTEACEAE
vith 5 somewhat unequal petals. Gynoecium
vi a short style, spiral stigmas and 2-
lobed placentae. psule unequally 3-
winged.—A bout 0 speci dely dis-
ELEPHANT'S-EARS. BEGONIAS.—
any — with showy leaves and highly
colored x-like flowers are widely culti-
vated.
1. B. semperflorens Link & n Plants
3—10 dm. tall: leaf-blades 4—7 em. broad, the
teeth apiculate: bracts cited abra:
corolla white; larger petals of es staminate
flowers 6-14 mm. lor the ed ones
ng,
spatulate: capsules dn ee TUAL
BEGONIA)—Swamps and low Mr da pen. Fla. Nat. of S. A.
Order PROTEALES — PROTEAL ORDER
Perennial herbs, or shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or rarely op-
posite: blades simple or compound. Flowers perfect, or occasionally po-
lygamous or dioecious. Perianth of 4 valvate distinct or partially united
sepals. Androecium of 4 stamens, one borne on each sepal. Gynoecium
a single earpel. Ovary superior, often oblique. Fruit indehiscent, or
often follicular or capsular.
Famitry d. PROTEACEAE — Protea FAMILY
Leaf-blades P pe entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers borne in
spikes, racemes, or panicles, wah are commonly congested. Calyx, an-
droecium, ium, various, often very irreg gular. ul cenera
and about 1 "000 poc mostly of Asia, Africa, and Australia
1. GREVILLEA R. Br. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades often m
parted. Flowers borne in racemes or panicles, sometimes irregular. Ovary
stipitate. Style often Bv from the
cleft of the calyx. Fruit follicular or l- or
2-valved. Seeds flat, often ves —About
175 species, most abundant in Australia.
1. G. robusta A. Cunn. Tree becoming 20
m. tall: leaf-blades 2-4 dm. long: panicle
showy, orange or red: the racemes 1—2 dm.
1 Y epal
Na pr.—tThi
tree, ere different from our native trees
in both fol liage and inflorescence was bob
duced p Florida many years ago ornamental and a shade tree. Iti
unusual among our A es in "a it pe the flower clusters along the ane
and the main brane
ELAEAGNACEAE 919
Orpver THYMELEALES — THyMELEAL ORDER
Shrubs or trees, or partially herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite or
alternate, the blades simple, rarely mere scales, or obsolete. Flowers per-
fect, polygamous, or dioecious, regular or nearly so. Calyx of 6 or fewer
sepals. Corolla wanting (in our species). Androecium of as many sta-
mens as there are sepals or of twice as many. Anthers opening by slits
or hinged valves. Gynoecium a single carpel. Ovary inferior. Ovules
mostly solitary. Fruit usually baccate or drupaceous.
ma opening by slit
Ovule and seed end dogs leaves green, sometimes merely pubescent.
Fam.1. DAPHNACEAE.
Ovule and seed erect: leaves oe scurfy. Fam. 2. ELAEAGNACEAE,
Anthers opening by hinged valve
Leafy shrubs or trees: fruit se Gc id on the hypanthium. Fam.3. LAURACEAE.
eafless, twining, para s vines: fruit enelosed in
"the acerescent hypanthiu Fam.4. CASSYTHACEAE.
FAMILY 1. DAPHNACEAE — MEZEREON FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, or rarely herbs, often pubescent. Leaves opposite
or alternate: blades entire. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals, sometimes with 4 or 5
seales withi ndroeci y e sepal
twice a Gynoecium seat the bottom of t ypanthium. Styl
; in e
ally eccentric.—Forty gene era and about 425 species, most abundant in
Australia and southern Afri
1. DIRCA L. Shrubs. Leaves alternate. Flowers appearing before the
leaves. Sepals usually shorter than the hypanthium. Filaments slender.
Ovary l-eelled: style filiform. Drupe
slightly elongate.—Two species, North Ameri-
can.
1. D. palustris L. e e m. tall:
leaf-blades oval or obovate, 4—8 p
flowers inus ellow: ME md, T- 8 m
er ee eai short: drupe oval, 7-9
ong, — (LEATHERWOOD. SWAMP-
o 00D Moos E-WooD. | LEATHER-BARK.) —
Rich woods, bluffs, and stream-banks, vari-
ous provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Fla, to
La., ye and N. B.—Spr. ES ba t bos
bee sed medicinally. The wood
m brittle but the bark is vm edle end
and was used by the aborigines for thongs.
| Famity 2. BLAEAGNACEAE — OLEASTER FAMILY
Shrubs or pate scaly or stellate-pubescent. Leaf-blades entire.
Calyx of 4, or rarely of 2, sepals. Androecium of 4 or 8 en
ynoecium closely invested bs the hypanthium which is thickened and
G
often ridged within. Style usually axial.— Three genera and about 20.
d.
man widely distribute
1. ELAEAGNUS L. Shrubs or rarely trees, pubescent with silvery scales.
Leaves alternate. Flowers white or yellow within, silvery without. Sepals
920 LAURACEAE
shorter than the hypanthium. Stamens 4: filaments very ps Or Weis
Ovary l-celled: style elongate. Drupe somewhat elongated.—SILv S.
About 20 species, Eurasian, Australian, and North ee mee species are
used in horticulture. The fruits of some species are edible
Leaf-blades beneath, and hypanthium, not oe scaly: sepals less than 35 as long
as the prolonged portion of the hypanthiu 1. E. umbellatus.
Leaf-blades beneath, and hypanthium, hood sealy : sepals over
4 as long as the prolonged portion of the hypanthium. 2. E. multiflorus.
1. E. umbellatus Thunb. Shrub, 1-3 tall. aves numerous; blades ellip-
l
tie, 2-4 em. long, mainly obtuse, green "above, rd beneath, short- -petioled:
flowers few, in umbel-lik ede
pedicelled: hypanthium narrowly in
dui ae mm are during anthesis: sepals
vate, 2.5-3 mm. long, silvery se without
like A E anthers than 1.5
pm long: e. wise. to ov 2 6-8 mm.
ong. — ( UMN-ELAEAGNUS.) — Thickets,
CEN and a grounds, near P in
the Piedmont of Ga. Nat. of Japan
Sum.—fall,
A = multiflorus Thunb. Shrub, mostly
all. Leaves rather numerous;
blades eliptic or somewhat obovate to oval,
ong, r
silvery beneath, short-petioled: flowers few or several together in umbel-like
o Das. Sd lon ng-pedicelled: hypanthium stout, slightly dilated upward,
. long during a P s: sepals orbicular- ovate to reniform, 3—4 mm
e copiously scaly withou like the hypanthium: anthers over 1.5 mm. long:
fruit oval, 7-10 mm. long.— SS. pm Y.)—Roadsides and fields, Coastal
Plain, Miss. and La. Nat. of Japan.—
FaAwiLY 3. LAURACEAE — LAUREL FAMILY.
Aromatie shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or d iu blades entire
or lobed. Flowers in open or congested cymes. rn , aa (or rarely
ent Bs in 2 series. o wanting. Androecium o ually more
than there are sepals, in 2—4 series, those of a third series usually
plandularappendaged those of the fourth series mostly mere staminodia.
oecium 2 RT carpel. Ovary 1-celle "Frui drupaceous.—F ort
Bip and al ,000 species, most a undant i in tropical regions one
of the mue iMd id of great economie value
Anthers 4-celled, 4-valved. ;
Anther-saes of outer stamen-series extrorse. Tribe I. LI Pee
"Anther sacs introrse. Tribe II. LiTSEA
Anthers 2-celled, 2-valved.
Mature hypanthi um large, succulent: OEEC
of erect panicles: anther-sacs extrors Tribe III. ACRODICLIDIEAE.
‘Mature hypanthium minute, dr inflorescence of
umbel-like clusters: anther-sacs intrors Tribe IV. LAUREAE.
Y. CINNAMOMEAE
Staminodia present, large, often sagittate.
Sepals dec iduous,
Calyx faling away ae separate sepals: leaf blades ribbed. 1. CAMPHORA.
Calyx falling away with the sepals united: leaf-blades
pinnate-veined, 2. PERSEA,
LAURACEAE 921
Se epals persistent under the fruit. 9. TAMALA.
Staminodia small, subulate, or wanting. 4. NECTANDRA.
II. LiTSEAE
Sepals persistent on the cup-like hypanthium. 5. SASSAFRAS,
Sepals deciduous from the cylindric hypanthium. 6. GLABRARIA.
III. ACRODICLIDIEAE
Large trees with whitish flowers: leaf-blades coriaceous. T. MISANTECA.
IV. LAUREAE
Shrubs with yellow flowers: leaf-blades NOTE 8. BENZOIN.
1. C RA [Gronov.] L. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or
Oo v.]
opposite, persistent: blades entire. Flowers in panicled axillary cymes, mainly
white or greenish. Style slender. Stigma
minute. Drupe equilateral, as broad as long,
or nearly so.—Few species, natives of uid
ern Asia.
. Camphora (L.) Karst. Small tree or
va ig 4-12
short-acuminate, pale beneath,
long. petioled: b eua nae die d:
sepals 1-1.5 m cid uc eed igs
dia
j MET | m -
mocks, pen. Fla. to Tex. Nat. of E Asia
and cult.—Spr ue wood yields the cam-
phor of commere
2. PERSEA [Plum.] Gaertn. Trees. Leaves alternate, persistent: blades
entire. Flowers in terminal panicled cymes, greenish. Sepals 6, nearly equal,
united at the base. Style subulate: stigma -
minute. Drupe inequilateral.—One species,
in many cult. forms.
1. P. Persea (L.) el due Large tree:
va pus elliptic or oval or nearly so, 8—15
Ong, s
hort-petioled (sentes small
id long and slender peti à
Persea mexicana) : er sepal 4—5 long,
somewhat surpassing outer ans
slightly elongate, often pyrifor , ye "
long, the flesh "Ralhmocis Gnd p | pos
—Ha ibd
; d the Keys.—Gro
varieties for its e fruit. Nat. of E
Am. and eult.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A))—
3. TAMALA Raf. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, eed blades
entire. Flowers in axillary peduncled cymes, greenish. Sepals 6, dissimilar.
Style long-columnar: stigma capitate. Drupe equilateral. Yes species, Amer-
ican.—Spr. or all year S
Peduncles, pedicels and petioles glabrous or appressed-pubescent: fruit over 1 cm.
ick.
Leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so, except sometimes the nerves beneath.
922 LAURACEAE
ME blades finely reticulated beneath, mainly over thrice
S long as wide.
Leaf-blades TE reticulated beneath, mainly about twice as
long as wi
ades Toone pubescent beneath.
a pedicels and petioles tomentose: fruit less than 1 cm.
p
T. Borbonia.
T. littoralis.
3. T. humilis.
m
4. T. pubescens.
ia (L.) R A large tree with bark broken into flat ridges:
ie blades a or i so, 5-15 em. long, often acuminate at both ends,
bright-green and lustrous above, nn y finely
dues bene B ics ascending, the inner ovate,
2-3 times longer than the uA ee ps upe obo-
vo oid c or globose- uec 1-1.5 e ong, dark-blue or
cA nu lustrous. [Persea D onia (L.) Pax]
E BAY. A d FLORIDA- ad Ro
LAU E.) — Hammocks and mps,
Coastal Plain, "Fla. ES Tex. and Va.—The bright- -red
heart-wood, close- -grained, heavy, and strong, is used
for cabinet-work and construction.
2. T. littoralis iios Shrub or tree: pos -blades
elliptic, 2-5.5 em. long, mostly obtuse at the apex
bright-green and lus trous m pale and 22b beneath, not reticulate,
the lateral veins inconspicuous: drupe dbi. pu mm. long, purple- -black
under the bloom. pee littoralis Small ]— ORE-BAY.)—Coastal ham-
mocks, pen. Fla
milis (Nash) Small. Shrub or small tree, the twigs, lower leaf-
uM ey up the inflorescence silky-pubescent: leaf -blades elliptic, 4—10 cm.
long, more or vi revolute, glabrous uidi shining above, lustrous beneath:
sepals Boe obtuse, the inner oblong, 5 mm. long: drupe "globular, about 1.5
em. long, urn -black under the bloom. [Persea humilis Nash]— (SILK-
BAY.)—Serub, C pen. Fla
4. T. pubescens (Pursh) Small Shrub or small tree, the twigs, lower leaf-
surfaces and inflorescence Pr leaf-blades narrowly elliptic or elliptie-
lanceolate, or rarely oval, 5-20 em. long, usually obtuse, often acuminate at
the apex, slightly ipe sepals erect, acutish, the inner elliptic-obovate,
about twice as long as the outer: drupe oval, 8-11 mm. long, dark-blue with a
E tana and low es Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces,
ed
dj
Fla. to C. — The orange-colored and brown-streaked
heart- d pon -grained and fae is used like that of T. Borbonia.
4. NECTANDRA Roland. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, persistent:
blades entire. Flowers in panicled cymes, white, fragrant. Sepals 6, nearly
similar, somewhat elongate, spreading. Style cylin-
dric: stigma capitate. Drupe somewhat elongate,
seated in the cup-like hypanthium from which the
calyx has fallen ae 300 species, mostly
tropical Americ
1. N. coriacea (Sw.) Griseb. Shrub or small tree:
ee is Kid penton or |l 5-
long, lustrous .abov my-white, 8-9
; broad; ^ hu ‘obt use: ed sable obose or ‘oval, Ww
10-15 m ong, dark-blue or black, seated in the red
or 30e E oodles Catesbyana (Miehx.) Sarg.]—(LANCEWOOD.)
pu
LAURACEAE 923
Hammocks, pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.)—Spr m dark-brown heart-
wood, hard, and heavy, is used locally for eabinet-wor
5. SASSAFRAS Nees. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, deciduous:
blades lobed or partly entire. Flow in UD clustered cymes. Style
what elon ow —Two species, the ROUSNUAE
and one Asiat
l. S. Sassafras (L.) Kar a or shrub,
with ridged bark: leaf- blades 3-lobed, or
rarely entire or 2-lobed: flowers greenish-
yellow, fragrant: sepals 6, narrowly elliptic,
2.5-3 mm. long: drupe oval, 8-10 lon
dark-blue. — (SASSAFRAS. SASSAFRAX.
AGUE-TRE E.)— Woods, b: and roadsides,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., s
T iiec and as
flavoring agent. The orange-brown heart
wood, coarse- grained, brittle and weak, á
used in boat- construction, a., and lor ni requiring Ta
6. GLABRARIA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate (ours decidu-
ous): blades entire. Flowers in clustered umbel-like involucrate cymes. Style
subulate. Drupe (ours) subglobose. [Mal
poena Adans.|—About 100 species, widely
distributed in tropical and warm regions
1. te geniculata (Walt.) Britton. Spread-
ing shrub 2-3 m ap with zigzag g branches:
leaf- pun elliptic, 1.5-6 em. long: flowers
2—4 er: calyx ds "sepals yellow,
2-3 g: 5-6 mm diameter,
red.—(POND-SPICE. POND-BUSH.)—-S
and a ag Plain pay 251 T
provinces, F E I and
Wint.-spr. ied of gus Ts of
somewhat uncertain reb ones Its closest
relatives are tropieal.
7. MISANTECA Cham. & Schlecht. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate,
persistent: blades entire. Flowers p AA in panicled cymes. Sepals
6, nearly similar, short, erect, about as long Q
as the enlarged portion of the hypanthium.
Style columnar: stigma minute, surrounded
3 erect stamens. Drupe slightly
elongate, seated in the cup-like hypanthium
which is bordered by the ta ealyx.—
Four species, tropical Americ
triandra (Sw.) Mez. Tree with
somewhat flaky bark: leaf- blades elliptie or
oval, 4.5-11
o-1ll em. long, a icu acuminate,
a often blunt, lustrous above: calyx whi te,
mm. broad; sepals bius: fruits
924. CASSYTHACEAE
acorn-like, the drupe ovoid a eee beer 2—2.5 cm. long, idend the hy-
rus reddish — Si Sauna A.)—Ham ocks, Ev verglade Keys, s Fla.
(V. 1.)—Sum.—Known defi itely only aor the Brickell ha EMT “Miar
and now DLE deno as a result of the real estate dev MEN Ten
8. BENZOIN Fabr. Shrubs or trees, strong-scented. Leaves diras
deciduous: blades entire. Flowers yellow, in sessile cluster-like or umbel-like
cymes. Style slender-columnar. Drape somewhat dn Species,
North dium and Asiatie.—Spr.—SPICE-BUSHES. BENJAMIN-BUSHES. SPICE-
WOODS.
Leaf-blades tapering at the base: petioles slender and rather long.
1. B. aestivale.
Leaf-blades rounded or cordate at the base: petioles stout
and rather short. 2. B. melissaefolium.
1. B. aestivale (L.) Nees. Shrub 1-3 m. tall the branehes often glabrous:
nee S pu p ee - o 5-12 ae long, thin, obtuse or usually short-
apex, ofte
lightly iate, i NN geuminate a
dee cep gr een
and glabrou
or po ace oe epe. aringl
pube scent beneath: flowers in dense
pedicels 3-5 em. long: — thin, ‘obovate
re
: drupe about 1
A am — ‘SPIC I
JAMIN-BUSH.)—Wet woods, d
ide various provinces, Fla. to La
Kans., Oni, and Me.—The ba rk i trig:
are oed TIMOR and the fruit as
condiment
2. B. melissaefolium (Walt.) Nees. Shrub 3-10 dm. tall, the branches el
cent: leaf-blades quite firm, elliptic-ovate or elliptic- lanceolate, 3-12 em. long,
acutish, usually short- acuminate, more or less densely pubese a on both sides,
rounde d or cordate at the base: flowers in dense lateral d. appearing
before the leaves: Du equalling bs sepals or longer: sepals thin, 1-1.5
mm. long: drupe obovoid, nearly 1 em. 1o ng.—( OVE ups and
cua iie Coastal Plain and a pr ovinces, Fla. to La., Mo., Ill., and
N. C.—Bushes make a brilliant show in early spring.
Famity 4. CASSYTHACRAR — CAssYTHA FAMILY
Parasitie vines. Leaves mere seales, or wanting. Flowers perfect,
in heads, spikes, or racemes. Calyx of 6 sepals in 2 unequal series, sur-
mounting the accrescent hypanthium. i ecium of 9 stamens with 2-
eelled a an staminodia. Gynoecium of a single carpel. Drupe
ineluded.—One genus and about 15 sp "s tropieal.
1. CASSYTHA [Osbeck] L. "Vines with yellow or pale-green stems and
branches, clinging to herbs and shrubs.—The flowers and fruits of Cassytha, al-
though of quite different structure, resemble those of species of Rhipsalis. The
drupe of our Cassytha resembles the berry of our species of Rhipsalis (page
913) in size, shape and color.
MELASTOMACEAE 925
E Be filiformis L. Stems matted, dod
s 3-6 in a spike: inner sepals
of
plants HC on aod a ad woody
hosts.
OrpER MYRTALES — MYRTAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes aquatie or amphibious. Leaves
alternate or opposite. Flowers regular or irregular, complete or much
reduced. ypanthium merely enclosing the ovary or adnate to it. An-
droecium of few or many stamens: anthers opening by slits or pores.
Gynoecium l-several-earpellary. Fruit capsular, baeeate, or achene-like.
Style present, simple or Aee a stigma terminal.
Anthers opening by pores Fam. 1. MELASTOMACEAE.
Anthers opar by longitudinal valves
Hypanthium nes E the ov 5 Fam. 2. LYTHRACEAE.
Hypanthium a the ovary or Paine SO.
dn
otyledons spirally. convolute in the embryo.
Ovary several-celled : ovules numerous, not
bed ulous. Fam. 3. PURICACEAE.
Ovary 1-celled: ovules 2-5, pendulous. Fam. 4. EM IL CERE
Cotyledons. not spirally convolute.
Sepals imbricated, or united and the calyx
fa ling away as a cap. am. 5. MYRTACEAE.
Sepals valvate
Leaves stipulate: sepals leathery. Fam. 6. RHIZOPHORACEAE.
eaves not stipula ME ueni mem-
branous or herbac Fam. 7. EPILOBIACEAE.
Styles wanting: stigmas sessile. Fam. 8. GUNNERACEAE.
FAMILY d. MELASTOMACEAH — MEApOw-BEAUTY FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite: blades with 3-several ribs.
Flowers perfect. Calyx of 3-6 sepals surmounting the hypanthium.
Corolla of 3-6 oblique petals. Androecium of 6-12 stamens, those oppo-
site the petals sometimes abortive. d of 3-5 united carpels.
Ovary enclosed in or adnate to the hypanthium. Fruit baeeate or cap-
sular.—One hundred and Atty oa ad about 2,500 species, most abun-
dant in tropical South Ameri
Herbs: fruit a capsule. . 1. RHEXIA.
Shrubs or trees: fruit a berry. . 2. TETRAZYGIA,
1. RHEXIA L. Perennial herbs with rootstocks. Leaf-blades usually
3—o-ribbed. Hypanthium ureeolate, prolonged beyond the ovary. Sepals 4.
Petals 4, deciduous. Ovary 4-celled, free. Capsule ineluded, 4-valved.—
About 15 species, natives of eastern North America and Cuba.—MAID-MARIAN.
MEADOW-BEAUTIES.—Most of the species grow in highly acid soils.
926 MELASTOMACEAE
Anthers relatively short, elliptic, not uu aud at the base. 1. ELLIPTICAE.
Anthers elongate, linear, spurred at the bas 2. LINEARES.
I. ELLIPTICAE
Corolla yellow. 1. R. lutea.
Corolla purple or rarely whit
ypanthium glandular-pubescent : upper surface of the leaf-
blades glabrou 2. R. serrulata.
Hypanthium ET upper surface of the leaf-blades
bristly. 9. R. ciliosa.
II. LINEARES
Neck of the mature hypanthium as long as the body or longer.
Leaf-blades narrowly linear, the midrib only prominent and
conspicuous. 4, R. cubensis.
Leaf-blades PE Jinear, the 3 nerves prominent and con-
Spicuo
Stems toi sparingly pubescent with delicate hairs:
leaf-blades nearly glabrous. 5. R. mariana.
Stems densely pubescent with coarse yellow ae leaf-
Bc shaggy- TRAE with hairs like tho on the -€-————
A . IN GS Ht.
eaf- e linear ES lance e e. 7. R. lanceolata.
L ae blades oval, elliptic, or oblong-ovate, very thin. 8. R. delicatula.
Hypan S densely a TE nt. 9. R. Alifanus.
Stems sharply angled or na epee 4-winged.
So a over 2 cm. broad, ored.
epals Aud than 1% A ONE as the hypanthium at
ity.
Stems with pubescent internodes: hypanthium
pubescent at maturity. 10. R. virginica.
Stems wi bn. internodes: hypanthium
labrous at maturi 11. R. stricta.
Sepals fully % as long as the nm at maturity. 12. R. aristosa.
Corolla less than 2 em. broad, 13. R. parvifiora.
1. R. lutea ee Stems 1-3 dm. tall: leaf s cuneate to elliptic or md
tic-linear, 1—2.5 ong: petals yellow, 9-13 mm. long: capsule about
long. Fla.
—Mois t ; Pinelands, oe Plain,
to La. . C— um.
2. R. serrulata Nutt. Stems 5- 30 em. tall:
hx.
leaf-blades broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate
m. et violet-
psu
Dg dia or E pink, 9—15 em. long: ca
ong.—M ist pinelands and sand.
il need Cossta Plain, C Fla. to La. and
Md.—Spr.-s
bensis Griseb. n 2-5 dm. tall, glandular-hirsute: leaf-blades
linear or ae fs o 1. ded m. long: sepals lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate:
petals purple, 11-17 m long: capsule 6-7 mm. long. [R. floridana Nash]—
Sandy and Sn E DE Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Sum. or all
year S.
5. R. riana L. Stems 2-8 dm. tall, villous- agree leaf-blades parrowly
elliptic, p A Or epi accor ate, 1.5-8 ¢ sepals ovate to tri-
DER pd pale DR or deep- "purple 14-28 | mm one capsule 6-7 mm.
— (PAL Y.)—Swamps, marshes, and ditches, various prov-
dedi Fla. "n Tex, " Mo., ud N. Y oe —fal
a
MELASTOMACEAE 927
6. R. Nashii Small. wr 3—6 dm. tall, rape i adi leaf- Brea e
Rub laneeolate, 2—5 cm. long: sepals trian ngular: petals purple, 14-17 m
ong: capsule 5-6 mm. long.—Swamps, Coastal Plain Fla. to La dir
R. lanceolata Walt. Stems 1-4 dm. tall, villous- ad DE blades ob-
lanceolate, pee eae RE e, or linear- Janceo! ate, 1-2.5 sepals
lane eolate: petals white to pale- purple, 12-17 mm. long: n 6-7 mm
lus [ E. filiformis Sm ue UN Pag shes and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
La., Tenn., . C—
R. delicatula Small. ie 1-4 dm. tall, sparingly pubescent: leaf-blades
rare to ovate, 1-2.5 em. long: sepais triangular: petals pale-purple, 10-15
mm. long: capsule 4-5 mm. long.—Stream-banks, in the Blue Ridge of Ga
m
9. R. Alifanus Walt. as 3-10 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades lanceolate
P pan laneeolate, 3-8 em. long: sepals triangular: petals bright-purple, 17—
. long: capsule 6-7 mm. long. [R. gla Miis Michx. ]—M oist pinelands,
RE Plain, N Fla. to La. and N. O.—Spr.-
10. R. "pene aL. Stem ^re dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, oval, lanceolate,
or Du lanceolate, 2-10 em. long: sepals lanceolate or tri angular- -lanceolate:
petals bri right a. 11- M mm. long: capsule 5-6 mm. iene eer cee.
MEADOW-BEAUTY. HA ANDSOME- HARRY. )—Sandy swamps and damp me eadows,
various UE. Fla. to La., Mo., and Me.—Spr.-fall.— The entire plant is
sometimes red.
11. R. stricta m Stems 6-13 dm. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptie-
d 2— E . long: sepals triangular: petals purple, 12-16 mm. long:
m ule 6-7 m ET ong.— Moist pinelands and ponds, Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss.
N C oa
aristosa Britton. Stems 2-6 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf- ecd linear to
linear-la aneeolate or sometimes linear-elliptie, ou em. long: sepals linear to
linear-lanceolate: petals magenta-red, 12-20 m long: capsule about 6 mm
long.—Sandy swamps and damp pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N.
13. R. parviflora P E Stems 1-3 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades Pao
OT nearly oval, 1-2 em. long: sepals triangular e petals white, les
than 10 mm. lo ong: coule about 3 mm. long.—Shallow ponds, near Ag
cola, Fla.—Sum
2. TETRAZYGIA L. C. Rich. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades 3-5-ribbed,
mostly scurfy or tomentose beneath. Sepals, and petals, 4-6. Ovary 4- or
neck short.—About 16 species, ie Indian.
i. T. base (Mill.) Cogn. Shrub or small
tree with scaly bark: leaf-blades lanceolate
to elliptic- AU 8—20 em. long, silvery
beneath, stout-petioled: panicle 1-2 m.
long: calyx about 1 mm. long: petals white,
7-8 mm. long, cuneate: anthers lanceolate,
the
Hammocks riu pinelands, Everglade Pe
la.—(W. I.)—Su This
conspicuously Bou West Indian plants
which are so numerous on the Everglade
Keys that, floristieally these eode
028 LYTHRACEAE
islands may be considered a part of the West Indies. In hammocks Tetrazygia
is usually a small tree; in pinelands it is usually a, shrub.
FAMILY 2. LYTHRACEAE — LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY
erbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves mostly opposite: blades usually en-
tire. Flowers perfect. Ca of 4 or 5 sepals, commonly accompanied
by accessory teet Corolla of 4 or 5 petals, or wanting. Androecium
few or many stamens: anthers versatile. G cium of mostly 2-6
B as Ovary 2-6-celled, or rarely l-eelled, free from the hy-
panthi Fruit a capsule, included in the hypanthium.—Twenty-one
| genera per about 400 species, widely distributed.
Flowers regular or nearly so: hypanthium symmetrical. Tribe I. LYTHREAE.
Flowers irregular: hypanthium oblique. Tribe II. PARSONSIEAE.
. I. LYTHREAE
Byeen campanulate or turbinate, becoming hemispheric
obose.
Herbs.
Petals wanting: capsules indehiscent. 1. DIDIPLIS.
Petals 4, except in Ammannia a capsules de- l
iscent, sometimes irregula
Capsules bursting irregularly. 2. AMMANNIA.
Capsules septicidally dehiscent. 3. ROTALA.
Shrubs or trees
Flowers in "axillary cymes: aquatic shrubs. 4, DECODON.
Hoe ers in terminal panicles: terrestrial shrubs or
5. LAGERSTROEMIA.
Hypanthium elongate, ee or tubular. 6. LYTHRUM.
II. PARSONSIE
Hypanthium enlarged or spurred on one side: Sce unequal. 7. PARSONSIA.
1. DIDIPLIS Raf. Flaeeid herbs, resembing Callitriche. Leaf-blades
arrow, entire, pellucid. Flowers solitary in the axils. Sepals 4, without ac-
eessory teeth. Petals wanting. S
. Style very short: stigma 2-lobed.
Embryo with narrow -cotyledons. — One
Species. |
1. D. d (Nutt.) Wood. Stem 1-3
dm. long: ersed leaves with linear to
linear- Be alae p thieker than the sub-
mersed ones, 1-2 em. long: eapsule urceolate,
u mm
je
pos t Fla. "to fex., Minn., an
x.)—Sum
(M
2. AMMANNIA L. Leathery-sueculent herbs. Leaf-blades, narrow,
often auricled at the base. Flowers in axillary, sometimes 1-flowered, cymes,
enish, or sometimes tinged with red. Sepals. 4, often accompanied with
small teeth. Petals P early deciduous, or wanting. Stamens 4-8. Style fili-
form, sometimes short: stigma capitate. — with auricled cotyledons.—
About 20 species, most abundant in warm regions
oro present.
Leaves broadest below the middle: capsule 3-4 mm. iH diameter. 1. coccinea.
Leaves broadest above the middle: capsule 5-6 mm. in diameter. 2. T Koehnei.
Corolla wanting. 3. A. latifolia.
LYTHRACEAE 929
1. A. coccinea Rottb. Plant 1—5 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear to linear- AM
late, 2-6 em. long, partly clasping: petals broadly obovate: eapsule 3—4 m
in diameter.—Swamps E low grounds,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex 2: D., and
N. J.— I., Mez., a. 4. S. 4.)— oí ore
fall.
A. Koehnei Britton. Plant 1~6 dm. tall:
ind blades dune tuned or ellip-
tie, 2-8 c ong, of the er ones
merely hates Ren. 8 oM. "i noue
6 m
and short style dpud capsule 5- m.
in diameter.—(Too s.)—Swamps and
along streams, ‘Coastal Plain ~ adj. prov-
inces, Fla. . J.—Sum.-fal
3. A. latifolia L. Plant 2-11 dm. hare |
leaf- Pug linear- un. to ipd -lance |
mostly 3-7 em. long, slightly auricled a "su at the base: corolla vun
ing; capsule 4—5 mm. in mes -—Low hammocks, lime-sin on and swamps,
S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—AIl y
3. ROTALA L. Herbs resembling Ammannia. Leaf-blades narrow,
entire. Flowers greenish, usually — in the axils. Sepals 4, accompanied
by appendages in the sinuses.
usually 4. Stamens 4. Style very eet
—About 30 d most abundant in warm
and tropical regio
. R. ramosior (L.) Koehn. .Stem 0.5-
dm. long: leaf-blades elliptic to d or
em.
obovate or cuneate, as lon a as the sepa dp or
longer: capsule -3 in diameter.
Hammocks, wet, sandy places, and swamps,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and
Mass.—(W. I., Mex., c. gu S. 4.)—Sum.-
4. DECODON J. F. Gmel. Short-lived shrubs or shrubby herbs. L
deeiduous: pond entire, somewhat els Flowers in axillary UE d
cymes. Sepals 5-7, alternating wi mall
teeth. Petals 5-7. Stamens 10 or ues 8,
alternating short and long, e longer
exser ted. Nu loeulieidally 3-6-valved.
One spec
1. D. verticillatus (L.) Ell. Stem arching,
mostly 4—16 dm. long: leaf- ue lanceolate
or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-20 em. long: sepals
ipe p purple pink, laneeolate to
vate, 7-9 mm. long: oo aout m mm. in
diameter — (Swan MP-LOOSE LLOW-
ERB. ATER-OLEANDER. pm "a ED.)—
Canes and ponds, various Pe Fla.
to La., Minn., and Me.—Su
59
930 LYTHRACEAE
5. LAGERSTROEMIA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves persistent: blades
short. Flowers in terminal panicles. Sepals 5-7. Petals 5-7, the blades
Asia, Africa, and Aus ralia.
L. indica L. Small tree or shrub hi
Suid pese leaf-blades obovate or oval,
1-2.5 em. long, entire: sepals shorter mus
u
et
E |
©
5:
to
co
BH
et
=g
n
=|
"3
[t
ct
e
M
"3
RE
H
"3
—
"3
ri
mm
(CRAPE - MYRTL E na —
Waste- iaces. Cut ground, old fi elds, and
e to
: Nat.
eult.—Spr.-fall. —Trees are long-lived. They
suggest premature age, but are very showy when in flower. They frequently
sd the n. s of residences or settlements that have long ago disap-
. The n bark peels off the trunk leaving a smooth clean surface
S ich gives uo m a pale Sheet appearance at night.
6. LYTHRUM L. Herbs or shrubs. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers axil-
lary or in terminal spikes or racemes, rose-purple or white. Sepals 4-6, not
involute, alternating with spreading appendages. Petals 4-6, nearly equal.—
About 30 species of wide geographical distribution. Spr.-fall or all year S.—
LOOSESTRIFES
Leaves mostly alternate.
Leaf-blades rounded or cordate at the base. 1. L. alatum.
Le af- blades narrowed at the base.
. Leaf-blades thick, es of the branches numerous, ap-
proximate, mo ostly less than 1.5 cm. long: hypanthium
-8 m ] 2. L. lanceolatum.
Leaf- blades thin, those of the branches a mostly over
ng: hypanthium 3-5 mm. 3. L. Curtissii.
ere Sese E oM
eat-blades a ‘or nearly so, those on the flowering
reduced. 4, L.lineare.
Leaf-blades ‘elliptic to orbicular or rarely cuneate, those on
th wering branches not much reduced. . L. flagellare.
1. L. alatum Pursh. Stem 3-13 dm. tall: leaf-blades oo ago or
ovate-lanceolate, 1-5 em. long: mature hypanthium 5-8 mm. long, ap-
2. L. lanceolatum Ell Stem 6-16 dm
tall: leaf- blades zm to linear- ‘elliptic,
ture hypanthium
the
cuneate- Rasen 6-7.5 mm. long: capsule
LYTHRACEAE 931
4.5-5 mm. long.—Ditches, stream-banks, and swamps, Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Okla., and S. C.
3. L. Curtissii Fernald. Similar ha L. lanceolatum in habit: leaf-blades thin,
he aa or elliptic-lanceolate, 2—5.5 mm. long: mature hypanthium 3-4
the appendages sle ud EpL jui than the minute sepals:
E elliptie to obovate-elliptie, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: eapsule about 4 mm. long.
—Muddy, often calcareous swamps, Coastal : Plain N Fla. and adj. Ga.
4. L. lineare L. Stem ys dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, 1—4 em. long:
mature hypanthium about 4 mm. long, the appendages triangular, s as
long as the en pond ook cuneate or cuneate-elliptic, 4-5 mm. long:
capsule barely 4 "d al sand-dunes and open ee Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex. | and aN.
5. L. flagellare Sayer Stem creeping: ee ea p to AA
or rarely cuneate, 0.5-1 em. long: mature hypanthium 6-8 mm. long or longer,
the appendages T pou times ped Tem "the glabrous e petals
purple, cuneate- D. , 4-5 m m. long: capsule 3-4 mm. long or shorter. [L.
Vulneraria (Fl. SE. a S. S we ano om. and swamps, S pen. Fla.
7. PARSONSIA P. Br. Herbs or woody plants, mostly clammy-pubes-
cent. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers axillary, or in terminal spikes or racemes.
RN 6, pie. with small teeth. Petals 6, unequal. Stamens adnate
near the top of the hypanthium. Embryo with orbieular cotyledons.
ne hea P. Br.]—About 200 species, American.
Calyx-limb prominently 2-lipped: DE pair of stamens not reduced.
Style pubescent: stamens 12; anthers not woolly. 1. P. petiolata.
Sty le glabrous: stamens 11; Eo of the longer pair
don nsely woolly 2. P. procumbens.
Eu limb with 5 oui lobes: posterior pair of stamens often
1uch reduced.
Plant perennial: hypanthium with glandular hairs over ;
calyx more or less spreading: petals 1.5—2 mm ng. 3. P. lythroides.
Plant annual: hypanthium with few simple hairs. on the
ribs: calyx erect: petals 5-6 mm. long. 4. P. Balsamona.
1. P. petiolata (L.) Rusby. e annual, 1-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades lance-
late to ovate-lanceolate, 1-1.5 em. long: hypanthium and calyx 8-10 mm. long:
ose-purple:
E R-WEED
CLAMMY-WEED. )—Dr rocky soil, sides,
and old fields, various provinces, Ga. o La
Kans., and N. H.—Sum.-fall.
procumbens (Cav.) Small Plant
perennial, -10— tall: leaf-blades lanceo-
late or ovate-lanceol 6
panthium and 18-22 m g wer
Pin Ee and thiekets, Blue Ridge, N.C. Nat.
of Mex. and cult.—Sum. —fall.
932 TERMINALIACEAE
3. peed ae Small. Plant ee 2-6 = Rn leaf- a o
1-2 em. long: hypanthium and calyx 8-10 m ong: flowers nder
Miri gos lobes deltoid: Soie spatulate, 5- 6 | mm..long, or i pi ones
7-8 mm. long: capsule 3.5-4.5 mm. long.—Low pinelands, M and W Fla
Spr.-sum.
4. P. Balsamona (C. & S.) Mp en? AN Plant er 2—9 dm. tall: leaf- Sete
elliptic to oval, or somewhat obov 2-6 e long, usually rugose in
hypanthium end ealyx 5.5-6.8 mm. S doses bluish: ura Dd.
deltoid: petals elliptic or nearly so 1.5-2 mm, long: capsule 4-5 long.—
Low hammocks, lake region, pen. Fla.—(Mez., C. A., s A. )— Spr. fall.
Faminy 3. PUNICACEHEAE — POMEGRANATE FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or nearly so, persistent: blades
simple. Flowers perfect, solitary or in shorl-peduneled axillary arate
Hypanthium leathery. Calyx of 5-7 sepals. Corolla of 5-7 wrinkl
petals. Androecium of numerous stamens in several series: ices: versa-
1 Gynoecium of several united carpels. Ovary inferior. Fruit a
several- o berry crowned with the calyx, the seeds in a watery pulp.—
One and 2 species, mostly in the Old World tropies.
1. PUNICA [Tourn.] L. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers showy. Sepals
persistent on the fruit. Petals deciduous. Berry Dono
a; Granatum L. Small tree or shrub:
o blades T elliptie, or elliptic-lanceo-
ar ve g to "br oadest above or below the
nidd em. long: sepals no. 1 to
10 em. in ‘diame
Old-fields, woods, and waste-grounds, Fla.
Nat. of the Orient and cult—(W. I.)—
Persistent on old settlement sites and home-
steads adt zd m peau have dis-
appeared.— ae cultivation from
preis torie EC eloped in
t
arlety of Mos * nd y nd color, vermilion,
oer white, and variegated.
Famity 4. TERMINALIACEAE — WHITE-MANGROVE FAMILY
r trees, or woody vines. Leaves alternate or a site: blades
simple, a. Flowers often apetalous, regular, perfect or polygamous
racemose or capitate. Calyx of 4-5 oec deci duous E persistent
sepals. Corolla of 4—5 petals, or wan ndro of , 0
rarely thrice, as many stamens as the ae ae distinct. Gynoe-
cium a single earpel. Ovary 1- e Style terminal. Stigma entire or
nearly s "ruit drupaceous or y-like, indehiscent, often crowned
with the acerescent ealyx.—Fifteen UR and 275 species, mostly tropical.
Sepals deciduous: corolla wanting.
Flowers in heads: hypanthium flattened: fruit small, in a
cone-like hea 1.
Flowers in spikes : hypanthium terete: fruit separate, large. 2.
Sepals persistent.
Corolla wanting: leaves nat 3. BUCIDA.
orolla present: leaves opposit 4. LAGUNCULARIA.
CONOCARPUS
TER MINALIA.
TERMINALIACEAE 933
1. CONOCARPUS L. Shrubs or trees, evergreen. Leaves alternate.
Flowers perfect, in spicate or SN heads. Hypanthium not ribbed.
Stamens 5. Fruit capitate—One spec
1. C. erecta L. Shrub, or tree sometime es
ilky foli-
age: leaf-blades elliptic or oval, 2-5 em
long, entire: heads 9 asd at
maturity: n. greenish: drupe 2-winged,
4—7 mm
—(Bu an Coastal
hammocks E End shores, pen. E
glade Keys, and Florida Rove W
maki arcoa
variety occurs on the Florida Keys
both coasts of the peninsula.
2. TERMINALIA L. Shrubs or trees, deciduous. Leaves clustered
near the ends of the branches. Flowers in simple or branched spikes. Hy-
panthium not ribbed. Stamens 10.—About
100 species, of the Old World tropics.
1. T. Catappa L. Shrub, or tree o
17 m. tall: leaf- blades ns to oblan
te: spikes 5-15 ong: flowers ato or
whitish: hypanthium and calyx 8-11 mm
long: drupe elliptic or nearly so, glabrous
( OND. EST-INDIAN ALMOND.)
Pinelands and old fields, S pen. Fla. and the
eys. hoe E. Indies and Oceanica;
escaped fro —( )—AlM y
W. I.)—Al year.—
The seeds are EU Although a native of
the tropies where storms are usual, this tree
never Pid eloped a d r fo oliage Nu
of resisting the for of a hurr A
severe p will often tear a ge i» pieces.
3. BUCIDA L. Shrubs or trees, evergre Leaves relatively small,
clustered at the ends of the branches. Flowers i in Tu or branehed spikes,
Sta-
species, West Indian
S L. A tree sometimes 15 m.
tall: leaf- blades Sore to tines oval,
or elliptic: spikes 2—10 . long: rS
greenish: in nthiu um a us 4-5 mm.
long: ealyx-lobes shorter than the tube:
—(BLACK-OLIVE.)—Hammocks, upper Flor-
ida Keys.—(W. I., C. A.)—The light irr
brown heart-wood is close-grained, very
d and hard. Great numbers of Pee
e used as shade-trees and ornamentals in
ida.
MYRTACEAE
9. LAGUNCULARIA Gaertn. Shrubs or trees, evergreen. Leaves
opposite. Flowers polygamous, in simple or branched spikes. Hypanthium
ribbed. Petals hod shorter than the
sepals. Stamens 10. Fruit spicate or
MAN E species.
. L. racemosa Gaertn. f. Shrub, or tree
sometimes 20 m. tall: leaf- blades oblong,
varying to oval or obovate, 2-0 cm. jong,
entire, oe or nearly so on both sides:
ey nae . long: drupe poe -obovoid,
2 — (WHITE-MANGR HITE-
BUTTON ae )—Roeky and a shores and
tal hammocks, pen. Fla. and the Keys.
OW. a, C. A, S. aa
white flowers are very fragrant,
yellow-brown heart-wood is close- pen
d mp" and hard. The bark is rich in tanni
Famity 5. MYRTACEAE — MYRTLE FAMILY
hrubs acd herbs, abounding in pungent and aromatie
volatile oil, evergreen. opposite, or rarely a alternate or whorled:
blades often simple, ‘pellucid- “punctate, flat or very thick, often
with iid parallel with the margins. Flowers eden regular. Calyx
, or many, valvate or imbricate, persistent oltre or cap-like and
ium or wanting.
or trees, or
y
E united. Fruit sometimes dehiscent, often erowned with the ealyx.—
Sixty genera and about 1,750 species, widely distributed in the tropies.
Fruit fleshy, baccate: leaf-blades pinnately v ned.
Calyx of several persistent or tardily a ceeds val-
vate sepals, 2 lid-like: petals present: disk
fruit a berry crowned with the > persis-
caly apale vith an annular ring.
Calyx of regularly separa a m
ly f irregularly separating s epa als.
j early deciduous: petals wanting: disk
cup-like: fruit crowned with the cup-like disk and
hypanthium. Tribe IIT. MYRCIEAE.
Fruit d. capsular: leaf-blades parallel-veined. Tribe IV. MELALEUCEAE.
I. EUGENIEAE
: flowers in raceme-like, umbel-like, or
Tribe I. IZUGENIEAE.
Tribe II. MYRTEAE.
1. EUGENIA.
Cymes markedly Selon?
disk contracted at maturity, the BENE Du an
gin e frui eds one or m 2. ANAMOMIS.
Cymes sessi ile or nearly so, the terminal flowers stalke
disk expanded, the sepals lax, more 2
the top of the fruit: seeds several to ny. 3. MOSIERA.
II. MYRTEAE
Leaf-blades prominently ribbed : cymes 1-few-flowered, axillary. 4. PSIDIUM.
MYRCIEAE
Leaf-blades obscurely ribbed: cymes several-many-flowered.
5. CALYPTRANTHES.
MYRTACEAE 935
p^ oe
id with thick peeling bark i ny papery layers: leaves
numerous: eee SOHO ICUOUSIS copiously
Acre | | 6. MELALEUCA,
1. EUGENIA [Mich.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades’ thickish,
neither prominently ribbed nor veiny, persistent. Cymes cluster- like, sessile
or short-peduneled. Flowers white. Sepals broad, not accrescent. Petals
much larger than the sepals. Stamens numerous, borne on the annular disk.
Style filiform or subulate-filiform. Berry minutely crowned in ed calyx.
Seeds 1-4.—About 600 species, mostly of tropical regions.—STOPPER
adio o and stout, usually shorter than the flowers and much shorter than
Fruit oval or ellipsoid-oval. l 1. H. bucifolia.
Fruit subglobose, sometimes depressed.
Leaf-blades of a rhombic ae. iors or less unu 2
the base and the tip: fruit depressed, 10—12 m
dia SDef or. 2. E. axillaris.
Leaf blades of an Bars or elliptie type, obtuse: fruit sub-
obose, 6—8 m in diameter. 3. E. anthera.
Pedicels relatively pig and slender, longer than the flowers and
usually s t an the fruits.
Leaf- Wee bluntly acuminate, dull above: fruits depressed,
in dis eter. 4. E. rhombea.
Leaf-blades leaders acuminate, shining above: fruits sub- ,
globose or globose-obovoid, 5-8m mm, in diameter. 5. E. confusa.
1. E. buxifolia (Sw.) Willd. Shrub or small tree, the bark scaly: leaf-
blades cuneate to nearly elliptic, 2-4 em. long, much paler beneath than above:
corolla 4—5 mm. broad; petals longer than
wide: fruit oval or ellipsoid-oval, 6—7 mm. Na Po
broad, black.—(SPANISH-STOPPER.)——Coastal qe $ W
hammo n K "E Y
ka
I.)—The dark-bro heart-wood, clos
grained, heavy, i very hard, is dd locally
in cabinet work
2. E. axillaris (Sw.) Willd. Shrub or small
tree, the bark scaly: leaf-blades elliptic-
ovate to nearly elliptic, 3—5 cm. long, i
paler beneath than above: corolla 5-6 m
broad; petals o. 2e than hr fruit
depresse —12 broad, black. —
Ser STOPPER. )—Coastal hammocks, S
Fla. and
he eys.— —The
hon eee em elose-grained, "heavy, and hard, is used locally for cabinet
work.
3. E. anthera Small Shrub or n oe the bark pale, rather smooth: leaf-
blades pi to pou dd = nearly so, 2—5.5 cm. long, slightly paler beneath than
above: corolla 5-6 broad ; o slightly longer than wide: fruit sub-
globose “6 7 mm. in Gace. dark red to black.—Hammoeks ee or near the
coast, S pen. Fla.—The brown heart-wood is close-grained and hard.
4. E. ai d (Berg) Urban. Tree, the bark smooth: leaf-blades ovate to
elliptie, 3— ud m. long, slightly acuminate: corolla about 10 mm. broad; petals”
i an t p 1 6 mm e
ith : —Ham
Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—The light-brown heart-wood, "elose- uu ' hea
and hard, is used locally for cabinet work.
936 MYRTACEAE
5. E. confusa DC. Tree, the beds scaly: leaf- a a EAE dies ovate, or
elliptic-ovate, 3-5 em. long, markedly acuminate: 4—6 broad;
petals about twice as long as the sepals: fruit subglobese or Ee -obovoid,
5-8 mm. broad, scarlet. [£. Garberi Sarg. |—(Tron p.)—Hammocks, Ever-
glade Keys, Fla. and the Keys —(Q(OF. I.)—The red TOWN heart-wood, close-
grained, heavy, ind very hard, is used locally for cabinet work.
2. ANAMOMIS Griseb. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thickish, not
ribbed, with rather faint lateral veins. Cymes decidedly peduncled, any
flowered, the branches shorter ‘than.the peduncle. Flowers fragrant. pes
ciliate, one pair much larger than the other. Petals paired, white. Stamens
umerous, borne on the small annular disk. Style filiform. Berry crowned
with the persistent ealyx, red or reddish. Seeds solitary or 2.—About 8 spe-
eies, West Indian and Floridian —Spr—NAKEDWOOPS.
Corolla over 1 em. wide: petals 4.5-6 mm. long: stamens mostly 60-70: cymes
several-flowered. 1. A. Simpsonii.
ed less than 1 cm. wide: petals 2.5-3.5 mm. long: stamens
y 30-40: cymes few-flowered. 2. A. dicrana.
1. A. Simpsonii Small. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the trunk with pale-tan
bark, strongly buttressed at the base: leaf-blades narrowly obovate, elliptic-
iptic
abou
m. long: berry ellipsoid, pos cand S0,
8-10 mm. long, red.—Hammoceks, low E
coast and "Us erglade Key s, Fla. — The foliage
eontains a volatile oil, somewhat resembling
that of nutmeg in flavo
2. A. dicrana (Berg) Britton. Shrub
small tree E 8 m. tall, the trunk with 7
ba rk, not but-
a lhght-red "E ro
Ed. perm m elliptic -cuneate,
or narrowly egies . long, acute or
obtuse, slight y paler sera than abore brat a cymes short-petioled
in anthesis, 3 e the primary brac alyx 4-5 mm. wide; larger
n about 2 mm . lon ng: pe rry ee or cn oid, 6-7 mm. long, reddish-
brow [4. dichotoma (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—Hammocks, E coast, M pen., Caloosa-
batches region to Cape pud and Key West, Fla.
3. MOSIERA Small. Shrubs or small trees. Leaf-blades thick. ob
scurely veined, but finely reticulate. Cymes sessile or nearly so, 1-3-flowered,
the branches longer than the peduncle. Flower s fragrant. Sepals eciliate,
not oe paired. Petals nearly equal, uc Stamens numerous, borne
e large annular disk. Style slender-columnar. Berry globular, crowned
dg Be persistent rome ealyx, black. Seeds several or many.—Few
species, tropical.—Sto
Calyx less than 1 cm. wide: petals more than twice as long as the sepals: ane
with many prostrate-diffuse branches . AL. longip
Calyx over 1 cm. wide: petals less ham twice a long as the
sepals: shrub with erect branches or small tre 2. M. bahamensis.
MYRTACEAE 937
l. M. longipes (Berg) Small. Shrub with many wiry often decumbent
eens aa dm. long from a short bd "pase: leaf-blades ovate or oval,
ostly a a m. long, finely reticulate: sepals
about long: corolla mostly 10-12
mm, EN uc globose or obovoid- Liu
6-9 mm. in diam black. [Eugenia
longipes Berg.]— RUE Everglade E
pen. Fla. and Florida Keys. —(W. I.)
2. M. bahamensis qud Small Shrub
with erect branches mall tree: leaf-
bla Da or aped iu. „OT “elliptic, or some-
what ovate, ostly 2 . long, often de-
videdly shin us e minutely inue
beneath: sepals about 3 mm. long: corolla
mostly 1.5 em. wide: ee subglobose,
about 1 em. in oe black (?). [Eugenia
bahamensis Kiaersk.]—Hammoeks and pine-
lands near hammocks, Everglade Keys, pen.
Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.)
4. PSIDIUM L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thickish, prominently
many-ribbed. Cymes i-few-flowered. do separating irregularly. Petals
or 5, much pads than the sepals, w
Stam ery nume , borne on the D
Style eat fliform. ee fleshy, crowned
with ealyx. Seeds very numerous.—
i P species, mostly tropieal.
1. P. Guajava Raddi. Tree sometimes 8 m
tal, with roughish bark, or a shrub with
smooth- oy Jeaf-blades elliptie or nearly
so, 4—8 . lon ng, pubeseent beneath: sepals
cult.—(W. , Mez., C. .)—Grown extensively in several varieties for
its fruit, whieh is eaten raw or r made into a jelly or a preserve.
5. CALYPTRANTHES Sw. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thick,
faintly veined. Cymes panicle-like. Flowers several numero Hypan-
thium produced beyond the ovary. Calyx cap-like, PA UN UE ue Petals
wanting. Stamens numerous, borne on the edge of the cup-like disk. Style
lender. Berry abr uidit. crowned. Seeds 1, 2, or 3. [Chytraculia P. Br.]
Mid 75 species, of tropical and subtropical America.
‘Calyx-lid not mammillate, hypanthium pubescent: leaf-blades manifestly petioled.
1. C. pallens
Calyx-lid mammillate: hypanthium glabrous: leaf-blades sessile or
nearly so. 2. C. Zuzygium.
1. C. pallens (Poir.) Griseb. Shrub, or tree becoming 9 m. tall, the bark
light-gray or nearly white, smooth or ultimately sealy, the branchlets 2-edged:
938 RHIZOPHORACEAE
leaf-blades elliptic or oval, varying to
broader above or below the middle, 3—5 cm.
long, or rarely larger, age short acumi-
nate, pubescent beneath, least when §
young, manifestly petioled: A
AE Dp nthium about 2 wide
during anthes calyx pubescent, po dian
mm. in diam eter: berry ee or oval,
5-7 mm. in diameter, pubescent: seed about
4 mm. ue [Chytraoulia eh ttraoulia a
dd LE S.) ]— —Ham
f S pen. Fla., Everglade rae per
Florida Keys.—(W. Tj —The brown heart-
wood is elose grained, heavy, and e
C. Zuzygium (L.) Sw. Shrub, or tree
oming 12 m. tall, the bark pale-gray,
smooth, the branchlets terete: leaf-blades oval or elliptic, varying to ovate or
obovate, 4—6 cm. long, obtuse or abruptly blunt- tipped, / Pn sessile or
abou
nearly so: inflorescence glabrous: hypan hium e during a iid
is: calyx glabrous, 3.5—4 mm. wide: berry i or Pd 8-1
in diameter, glabrous: seed about 5 n long.—(M YRTLE-OF-THE RIVER.)— Eu
mocks, Everglade Keys, pen. Fla.—(W. J.)
6. MELALEUCA L. Shrubs or trees with much branched stems. Leaf-
blades coriaceous, narrow, parallel-veined, persistent. Spikes dense, on woody
branchlets, the rachis growing into a leafy shoot after anthesis. Sepals very
oad, deciduous. Petals much longer than the sepals. Stamens numerous,
tore in five bundles opposite the er the free parts of the filaments greatly
elongate. Style e ahs nearly filifor Capsule woody, with an annular
orifice. Seeds numerous.—More than 100
species, Australian, ipie ai them cultivated. . xf
It
TI MN
1. M. Leucadendra L. Tree with irregular,
often drooping branches, the bark thick and
spongy, epe leaf-blades elliptic, often
' narrowly s 1 ong, acute, bright-
green, with Short petiole: -like hos spikes
any-flow red, nspicuous: sepals ovate-
deltoid or oe ovate, about 2 mm. long,
obtuse: Geers white, bova ate, 3—4 mm. long,
firm: filaments 1-1.5 cm. long: ter 'short-
5 mm.
CA
A fe. 7
P - P sg i PRA
^ ev A
ve a 9$. tho
H ^4 P :
ges
el
foie
RUSH. )— mocks, and
ypress swamps, S Fla. = d Australia.—A]ll year.—Another Australian
tree, Callistemon lanceolatus, h leaves resembling those of the above species,
but with bright-red stamens which are distinct, is cultivated in southern Florida
and often o i on old homesteads.
Famity 6. RHIZOPHORACEAE — Mancrove FAMILY
Maritime shrubs or trees. Leaves usually opposite: blades entire or
toothed. Flowers erfect, solitary or variously elustered. Calyx of 3
. or 4 valvate sepals. Corolla of 3. or 4 petals. Androecium of twice, or
EPILOBIACEAE 939
thriee as many stamens as sepals, or of 4 times as many. Gynoecium of
2-5 united earpels. Ovary inferior, at least partly so. Styles united.
it a leathery berry crowned with: or surrounded by the calyx.—Fifteen
genera and about 50 species, of Gani and subtropical regions.
1. RHIZOPHORA L. Evergreen trees with aerial roots arising from
the trunk and branches, which branch and interlace about the base of the
plant. Leaf-blades leatn entire, persistent. owers 2—several in peduncled
clusters, nodding. Sepals 4, leathery. Petals 4, bud Stamens 4—12.
Ovary CPUS provided with a fleshy cone at urity. Fruit pendulous,
the seed germinating and sending out a long fa before the is fall.—
Three species, natives of tropical regions.
1. R. "ped L. scie or Mas beeoming 20 m. tall, with pale ultimately
furrowed bark, for trable thiekets on salt and brackish shores:
E ees "liti io ; alone. boa te, 5—15
long: sepals lanceolate, about 10 mm
epis petals pale-yellow, linear or nearl
so: fruits 2-3 em. long, "the itii becom-
ing sever . long.— (MANG ED-
MANGROVE. )—Coasts of en. Tla. and
the shores of creeks and rivers Dou. to the
limit of salt or brackish water, and on the
Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mex , C. A., S.
—Grows most extens ively in salt water;
rarely in fresh water; but ie its great-
est size in brackish water. The bark is used
in dyeing and tanning. The reddish-brown
and streaked pit -wood, close-grained,
heavy, and hard, is used for Een PEU
The a precocious embryo wh falls
into the water floats Nh position. When stranded on the UM
bottom it strikes oe
Famity 7. HBPILOBIACEAE — EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY
Herbs or rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades simple.
Flowers typically perfect. Hypanthium often elongate. Calyx of 2-6,
usually 4, sepals. Corolla of 2-9, usually 4, petals, or pn wanting.
Androecium of as many stamens as the sepals or twice as m
cium of several, usually 4, united carpels. Ovary 1—6- celled. pe s "uL
celled, inferior. Fruit capsular or nut-like. —Forty a and about 350
species, widely distributed, but most abundant in Ameri
Floral whorls of 4 parts, or m
Fruit a capsule, opening bx Sarees or pores, or by the eee down of the
walls.
Tribe OENOTHEREAE.
Fruit dry and indehiscent, nut-like. Tribe i GAUREAE.
Floral whorls of 2 parts: Tribe III. CIRCAEAE.
I. OENOTHEREAE
Hypanthium not prolonged beyond the ovary.
Seeds naked, ae ae without a tuft of hairs.
ee 3 row.
opposite: stems prostrate, creeping or float-
g: flowers soos or on peduncles longer
than the c
Flowers sessil eras wanting or very s D.
RE petioled ; E sessile, sho: l
flat at the a 1. ISNARDIA, |
940 EPILOBIACEAE
Flowers long-peduncled: petals conspicuous
. leaf-blades sessile: capsule long- pecan
elongate, curved, with a prominent 4-lobed
stylopodium at e apex 2. LUDWIGIANTHA.
Leaves alternate: stem erect or ascending: flov
ud babe the hypanthium and ie y Sometimes
owed into a pedicel-like bas 3. ee has
Star me. 812 T rows. 4. JUSS
Seeds far rnisnéd with a tuft of duds hairs. 5. C O
Hypanthium prolonged Dod the ov
Seeds with a tuft of silky hairs 6. EPILOBIUM.
Seeds naked or merely tuberculate.
Flowers pe all the stamens equal in length: eapsule
lindric or somewhat tetragonal and taper-
ing ee the apex.
Ovules and seeds horizontal, borne in 2 or rarely
m rows, Bomae angled. T. OENOTHERA,
vules and seeds ascending, ne ngled. 8. RAIMANNIA,
doses with the alternate stam ao n capsule
obovoid to AA tetragonal, short.
a nd seeds s, not tuberculate, clus-
ied an ae a li.
Corolla eode nc depressed m. the apex.
Style ter
‘ely lobed
stigma bag. sule t A inged. 9. IXNEIFFIA.
a le as + narrow stigmas:
capsule 4- oncle 10. PENIOPHYLLUM.
Corolla red, purple, or white: pst eee: 11. HARTMANNIA.
Ovules and seeds few, sessile in 1 or 2 12. LAVAUXIA.
II
Herbs with entire, toothed, or pinnatifid lent blades: hypan-
thium dilated upward in anthesis: achene angled. 15. GAURA.
III. AEA
Tender herbs with toothed leaf-blades: petals 2-lobed : fruits
clavate to pyriforin. 14. CIRCAEA.
1. ISNARDIA L. Perennial succulent herbs. Leaf-blades relatively
wide. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4, broad. Petals minute, reddish or green-
ish, or wanting. Filaments very short. Ovary short. Style wanting or nearly
so. Capsule obovoid or turbinate.—About 4 species, North American.—MaARsH-
PURSLANES. WATER-PURSLANES
Capsule 2.5—6 mm. long; corolla usually wanting.
Plant glabrous: capsule E turgid and not constricted at the top
Cap 2.5-3 n : sepals acute. $ I. palustris.
Cap e 5- 6 m T i Ie acuminate. I. intermedia.
Plant Dubescent: eius turgid and constricted at the top. 3 I. oo
Capsule 6-7 mm. long: corolla usually present. 4, I.1
1. I. palustris L. Leaf bus berets to oval or ovate, 1.5-2.5 cm.
hypanthium glabrous: buds e: iiu ae green or reddish: petals
Hips or minute and r eddish: capsa
. long, = rt-turbinate.—Ditches, x
shore es, and swamps, various ae Fla.
o Calif., Ore., "Man and N. S.—(Mez., C.
ve S. A., 0. W.) cs fall.
. I. intermedia Small & Alexander. Plant
similar to I. palustris in habit, but the
PA buds mostly acuminate: capsule d
ae pe ‘turbinate or subcylindrie
oeks, wet shores, and stream- banks.
pen. . Fla —All
3.
blades spatulate to oval, 2-2.5
I. spathulata (T. & G.) een nd
ong:
hypanthium pubeseent: sepals Nm than
EPILOBIACEAE 941
long, or as broad as long, green: el aad globose-obovoid or obovoid, 2.5-3 mm.
long.—Pineland ponds, M Fla.—Sum
I. repens (Sw.) DC. Leaf-blades ovate, elliptie, or ird 7 : em. long:
hy pu obpyramidal: sepa B A e-lane nM) petals as s the sepals
nting: T ule obpyramid [Z. natans (Ell) Sm iE e e in
nos streams and m orice: Const Plain. and rarely adj. provinces, Fla.
to Tenn. and N. C.— (Mea. )—Spr. —fal
2. LUDWIGIANTHA Small. Perennial fleshy depressed herbs.
Leaves numerous: blades narrow, entire. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4, nar-
row. Petals yellow, conspicuous. Filaments
elongate. Ovary long. Style filiform. Cap-
sule elavate.—One or 2 species, of the east-
ern United States.
1. L. — (Walt.) Small. Stem creep-
ing: leaf-blades oblanceolate, to almost
linear, 7—25 mn Es ng, obtuse or acute:
peduncles gendo ongate, i than de;
sepals linear- b pu -10
p uc acuminate: co 2-2.5 em. wide,
p spreading, rund slightly ela wed:
= stamens much e. than the p cap-
sule curved, 7-10 ps ng; l S
the per sistent sepa de Or dn —Swamps,
o. spri ney y places, a pond-margins, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Va.—Spr.-
ted species, L. brevipes Long, from N. J. might a. on the
Son cd no seaboard.
3. LUDWIGIA L. Annual or perennial erect or matted herbs. Leaf-
blades entire or rarely shallowly toothed. Flowers axillary or terminal. Sepals
generally persistent, green or reddish. Petals usually 4, yellow. Ovary usually
4-celled. Capsule cylindric or prismatic to subglobose.—About 25 species, most
abundant in North America.
Corolla conspicuous; flowers peduncled: capsule opening by a terminal pore.
I. ALTERNIFOLIAE.
Corolla inconspicuous, obsolete, or wanting: valves of the cap-
sule separating from the disk-like top. II. MICROCARPEAE,
I. ALTERNIFOLIA
Foliage, sepals, and capsule glabrous, B, or —
appressed-pubescent.
Stem-leaves with Short-petioled blades: petals about as
long as the sepals: pedicel shorter than the capsule.
iuri. with closely sessile blades: petals about
twice as long as the sepals: pedicel longer than the
D
e
. alternifolia.
CDI.
Sepals thrice as long as the hypanthium in anthesis:
Style longer than the sepals. 2. L. virgata.
Sepals twice as long as ie hypanthium in anthesis:
style shorter than the = epa als. 3. L. maritima.
Foliage, sepals, and capsule hir 4. L. hirtella.
II. MICROCARPEAE
Petals wanting or minute, shorter than the sepals.
Capsule 1 -3 mm. long; stem-leaves of a spatulate type.
Leaf-blades entire 5. L. microcarpa.
MELT blades 00d dim apex
eaf-blades e P spatulate: sepals mueh shorter
"han the hypanthi um. 6. L. Simpsonii.
942 EPILOBIACEAE
Leaf-blades narrowly spatulate: sepals about as
long as one hypanthium. 7. L. Curtissii.
Capsule 3-8 mm. long. "M
Blades of the en leaves spatulate. 8. L. spathulifolia.
Blades of the stem-leaves not spatulate.
Capsule about as thick as long, not 'cyli ndri
Foliage and fruit glabrous or merely aor ased:
uberulent.
Flowers in a terminal head or congested
panicle. 9. L. suffruticosa.
Flowers on. elongate interrupted spikes or
ar
Güpsule turbinate, cubic-turbinate, or
obpyram
Capsule slightly our than broad,
th unded or merely
squar
Eon glabrous, the angles
unded : bractlets adnate to
the hypanthiu
Capsule buberule nb the angles
square: bractlets not adnate to
the hypanthium. 11. L. simulata.
Capsule Sien y broader than long,
the angles winged or margined.
Sepals Sone as broad as long,
almost id long as the capsule:
seeds o 12. L. alata.
re broader than long, % as
the capsule: seeds
fad
0. L. polycarpa.
cylü ndr Pic 13. L. lanceolata.
Capsule globular. 14. L. a
Foliage and fruit copiously pilose-tomentose. 15. L. pilosa
Capsule cylindric. 16. L. glandulosa.
Petals as long as or longer than the sepals.
Capsule celindric, terete or nearly so. 17. L. lini oe
Capsule narrowly obpyramidal. 18. L. lin
1. L. alternifolia L. Plant 6-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate, 6-12
long: eee ovate: p oa cd the sepals: capsule slightly winged
on the angles, dnd mm — (SE X.)— oye
E and w done s paccm
Fla. to Tex., Kans ., Ont., and N. H.—Spr.-
fall
Michx. Plant fastigiately
branched, pens or nearly so; leaf-blades
linear anceolate:
Mu slightly winged on the angles.—Pine-
ands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.
= nr. —fall.
L. maritima Harper. Plant fastigiately
Ker uen glabrous or nel so: le - blades
linear to lanceolate: sepals twice long
as the hypa satiate. oim "eue eapsule very inu = on
angles, 2 mm. long.—Ditches and low pinelands, pen. Fla—Spr—
4. L. hirtella Raf. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic-lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-3 em. long: sepals ovate-lanceolate: petals longer s the
T capsule cubie above the rounded base, about 5 mm. long.—Moist sand,
ainly in acid pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Tenn.,
aud N. J. —Spr.—fall.
rocarpa Michx. Plant low or depressed: sess spatulate or
os ae, K 5-3 cm. long: sepals triangular: petals wanting: capsule
broadly obpyrami 1.5-2 mm. long.—Hammocks, limesinks, and Pac
Coastal Plain, Fla. n Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-fall.
6. L. Simpsonii Chapm. Plant m often decumbent: leaf-blades 1-2.5
em. long: ios triangular: petals w anting: capsule broadly iru about
2 mm. long—Hammocks, ditches, and low pinelands, pen. Fla ——BSpr.-
7. L. Curtissii Chapm. Plant erect or ascending: leaf- blades 1-2 em. long:
Ais lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate: petals pud caps x turbinate,
—3 mm. long.—Everglades, ponds, and ditches, pen. Fla.—Spr.—
L. arde Small. brun 1. PA dii: tall, the stem narrowly ridged:
t blades spatulate, 1-2.5 em. long, those of the basal shoots somewhat broader
than those of the md Rd ada: e wanting: capsule broadly obpyra-
zi about 4 mm. long, the angles blunt.—Wet ground, Everglades, Fla.—All
Á suffruticosa Walt. Plant 3—10 ba tall: leaf-blades edid pp
to narrowly erus or 2 2—10 cm. long: sepals broadly ovate
lar-ovate: petals minute anting: capsule broadly obpyramida oe
long. [L. capitata Michx. Wet pinelands, and shores of ponds, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to N. C.—Spr.-
10. L. polycarpa Short & Peter. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the winged: leaf-
blades p ecd ed 5—10 i long: sepals a ae petals
minute, gree capsule "4-s ided, the angles rounded, 5 mm. long.—( FALSE-
LOOSESTRIFE. J- Swamps, various a Tenn. to Nebr., Minn., Ont., and
Mas ee
ll. L. ulata Small. Plant 4-9 dm. tall, the stem nearly terete: leaf-
blades peers elliptic to ee linear, 1.5-5.5 cm. long: sepals a 0
ovate-triangular: petals minute: capsule eet about 4 mm. lon
Swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—
. alata Ell Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the stem pr di leaf-blades linear-
ue to io e Or nearly linear, 2.5—10 cm. long: petals want-
ing: capsule 3-4 mm. long, the ro ud nged. —Mar shes, Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, Fla. to La., Mo., and N N. C.—Spr.-fall.
13. L. lanceolata Ell. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the stem angled or Mei
‘winged: leaf-blades linear- boc id linear- TI "à E 2—10 e
long: sepals very broad, acute: petals wanting: . lon ng; the
EPILOBIACEAE 943
a: margined. “Byer erglades, swamps, and de [mE Plain, Fla. o N.
C.—Su Il.
14. L. sphaerocarpa Ell. Plant 6-9 dm. tall, the dnd Pod blades lanceo-
ju 9—10 cm. long: sepals triangular: petals commonly w ing: capsule about
ong.—Swamps, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain and E provinees, Fla.
to "La. and Mass.; and Great Lake Lowland, Ind.—Sum.-fall.
ilosa i Plant 6-12 dm. tall, the stem nearly terete: A ada
1-6
petals minute or wanting: capsule cubic-globose, 4-6 mm. in diameter, hoa ary.—
Swamps and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Sum.- fall.
landulosa Walt. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the stem nearly terete: leaf-
blades elliptic-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long: sepals triangular-ova > ua petals
nting: capsules cylindrical, 6-8 mm. long.—Swamps, and m es, Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., , Kans, Ill, and S. C. aa "et all.
17. L. linifolia Poir. Plant 1-5 dm. tall, the stem 4-angled: leaf-blades
linear-oblanceolate to linear, 2-6 cm. long: sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
944 EPILOBIACEAE
acuminate: petals about as long as the sepals: capsule about 10 mm. long.—
Pineland swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-fall.
18. L. baie Walt. Plant 3-7.5 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly linear,
2.5—5 em. long: sepals triangular-ovate: petals slightly longer than the T
mx 6-8 mm . long.—Swamps, on in acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to L
(Tex.?), Tenn., and N. J.—Sum.—
4 SSIAEA L. Perennial herbs or partially woody plants, erect or dif-
fuse and creeping. Leaf-blades usually entire. Flowers Sac Sepals 4-6,
persistent. Petals 4—6, white or yellow, or rarely none. Stamens 8-12.
4—6-celled. Capsule linear, ellipsoid, or elavate.—About 50 species, mostly of
he American tropics—Spr.—fall or all year S.
Plant diffuse, the stems and branches creeping (rooting) or floating. I. DIFFUSAE.
Plant erect, the stem more or less branched. II. ERECTAE.
I. DIFFUSAE
Corolla 2-3 cm. broad: leaf-blades long- Rcs 1. J. diffusa.
Corolla 4-5 cm. broad: leaf-blades Short-petioled. 2. J. grandiflora.
II. ERECTAE
Capsule long-clavate, the body narrowly cylindric, more than 3
e
. J. leptocarpa.
P A
Leaf-blades narrow : 4. J. angustifolia.
Leaf-blades broad: 5. J. scabra.
e short clavate the vee obeonie or cylindric-obovoid,
stly less than 2 lon
Leaf blades PESE curent as wings on the angles of the
stem: fruit winged. 6. J. decurrens.
Leaf-blades short-petioled : fruit not winged.
Corolla abo "E. 1 cm. broad. T. J. erecta.
Corolla 4—6 c ron
Blades of ue upper leaves long and narrow. 8. J. neglecta.
Blades of the upper leaves broad and short. 9. J. peruviana.
l. J. diffusa Forskl. Stem glabrous: Br of the upper leaves elliptie to
lanceolate, 2. m em. long: sepals 5-8 mm. long:
body 2.5-4 em. long.—Ponds, Coastal Plain
and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and
a a
petals 1—1.5 em. long: capsule-
Ky.—(
. J. grandiflora Michx. Stem villous or
hirsute: blades of the upper is narrowly
elliptic or lanceolate, 3—12 cm. long: sepals
about 12 mm. ~ ong: peta als s fully 2 cm. long:
e ule bod lon ng “Ponds and
Nea
d
3. J. leptocarpa Nutt. Stem hirsute, 6-20\\
dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly elliptic or \
lanceolate e, 3-20 em. long: hypanthium hir-
sute:
ute: sepals lanceolate: corolla about 15
ad: capsule 3 d Ditehes and |
low grounds, Coastal Plain . to Tex., Ark., and Ga.—Glabrous forms with
very narrow eaf- blades and De -merous um occur in S Fla
angustifolia Lam. Stem mostly 1-2 m. tall, glabrous or sparingly
pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to almost linear, varying to broadest above the
middle or below it, 2-11 cm. long, usually glabrous or nearly so: hypanthium
EPILOBIACEAE 945
longer than the Pa: in bud, minutely p in cde. sepals ovate,
mostly less I l em. long: corolla less than 4 em. wide: sule 4—6 em. long,
much longer than the pedicel-like base a stream. -banks, and low
grounds Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Spr.—fall or
all year S.
. J. scabra Willd. Stem hirsute, 6-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to ob-
ovate, 2-6 cm. long: hypanthium hirsute: sepals ovate: corolla 2-2.5 em. broad:
capsule 8-5 em. long.—Moist soil, Fla.—(W. I.)
6. J. decurrens (Walt.) DC. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, oo ba blades md
eeolate, 2.5-10 em. long: sepals ovate- Weed corolla 8-1 . broad:
sule- -body 2—2.9 em. long.—Ditches and low grounds, Coastal - Plain and MES
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Ill., and Md.
7. J. ta L. Stem 9-20 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades lanceolate to
linear- minded 9-12 em. E hypanthium short-pubescent or glabrate:
sepals lanceolate, about 5 mm. long: petals about 5 mm. long; eapsule-body
cylindrie, much longer than the base, 1.5 em. long.—Hammocks, near Manatee,
Fla.— (W. La NE
8. J. neglecta Small Stem mostly less than 1 m. tall, or taller in age,
copiously pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic, varying to elliptic. -oblanceolate or
elliptic- lanceolate, especially on the lower Pod of the stem, to elliptic- linear or
narrowly linear above, mos sly, 15 em. long, pubescent on both sides: hypan-
thium fer than the calyx in bud, copiously pubescent with short and long
ede in anthesis: sepals Dade ovate oed over 1.5 c LE corolla over
9 em. wide: capsule 1-2 em. long. — Waste- -plaees and river-banks, about sea-
Pr Coastal Plain, Fla. to.La. and N. C.—Referred to J. uie in Fl.
SE U. S.,
9. J. peruviana L. Stem 1—4 m. tall, hirsute: d blades ovate, oval, lan-
ceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, 4—10 m lo long, or more: hypanthium hirsute: sepals
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 10— m. long: petals 2-3 em. long: capsule-
body ne -obovoid, slightly bus pen the base.—Everglades, swamps, and
ban s ams , pe n. pa a.; and adv. elsewhere along the Gulf Coast.— —(W. I.,
"oo C. "8. A. )
5. CHAMAENERION Adans. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire or
kd So. S bien d in showy racemes. Sepals 4, deciduous. Petals
ntire. Stamens 8, declined. Stigmas 4.
Capsule Hr po angled. Seeds
ose oo species, of the north tem-
is zon
angustif HI A) p. Plant 5-2
la ite, 9-15 c Meer corolla Purple or some-
5-7.5 em. A coma of Ed bn 10 mm
D N N. C. to N. M., Calif.
; Ont., and Lab.—Sum.-fall.—Its abun-
dud in burned over areas has given it the name of fireweed.
60
946 EPILOBIACEAE
6. EPILOBIUM L. Perennial herbs or somewhat woody plants. Leaf-
blades entire or toothed. Tdowers E vs spicate, or racemose. Sepals 4,
northern.—Sum.—fall—-WILLOW-HERBS. COT-
TON-WEEDS
1. E. coloratum Muhl. Plant 3-9 dm. tall:
leaf- blades o 5-15 cm. long: flowers
als
generally nodding: sepals 2.5-3.5 mm. long:
petals 3—4 mm. long, un. notched cap-
sule 4.5-6 cm. long.— (BRO WILLOW-
HERB. )— Du cs and low grounds, various
provinces, Ala. to Kans., S. D., Ont., Me.
and S. C.
7. OENOTHERA L. M or biennial large herbs. Leaf-blades un-
dulate or toothed. Buds Flowers nocturnal, spicate. Sepals elongate.
Corolla sae Capsules A om tapering. [Onagra Adans.]—About 15 spe-
cies, mostly North American.—Sum.—EVENING-PRIMROSES.—Speeies additional
to the ones is below have been deseribed from the northern States and some
may occur within our range. Some species are used in ornamental gardening.
ura Pu el 3 em. long, the free tips subulate, less than 4 mm. long: cee
1. O. bien
Ss pus 'er 3 em. long, the free tips filiform, over 5 mm. long:
corolla 8-12 cm. wide. 2. O. grandiflora.
1. O. biennis L. Stem 13-25 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf-blades elliptie to lan-
ceolate, a. em. long, repand-denticulate: petals Bu ight-yellow, 1-2.5 cm.
- ome 18-25 V
e
m. long, nu terete.—( WEEDY EVENING-
Paricnos® -) eg -o and thickets,
arious ires ex., Minn., and
La ab.—Su um.— all
randiflora Ait. ipae A O. bien-
nis, eee larger throughout so es 3 m
tall: petals a em. long, go ae D cap-
ule li
tury. rge flowered forms of Oe. biennis
are sometimes recorded as Oe. grandiflora.
RAIMANN Rose. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf-
binds sinuate or pinnatifid. Flowers axillary, sometimes aggregated in a
spike, nocturnal. Petals yellow. Ovary slender. Caps sule narrowly cylindric,
or rarely slightly tapering. Seeds uctus [Oenothera L. in part.]—A bout
20 species, American.—Several species are used in horticulture.
EPILOBIACEAE | 947
Flowers axillary: stem and branches decumbent or prostrate. I. Hum
Flowers in a terminal bracted spike. II. erence LEAR:
I. HUMIFUSAE
Corolla less than 5 cm, wide.
Leaf- eee i eee or sinuate: capsule densely pubescent.
capsule with appressed silky pubescence:
Sane ‘appearing grayish. 1. R. humifusa.
uL and capsule with loose, spreading pubescence:
nt appearing green 2. R. mollissima.
Leaftindes mostly pinnatifid : capsule not densely pubes-
cent. 3. R. laciniata. _
>orolla over 6 cm. wide. 4. R. Drummondii.
II. HETEROPHYLLAE |
Plant relatively slender: blades of the lower leaves slender-
petioled, pinnatifid, those : io un ones sessile or nearly
SO, entire or obscurely toothed : ules in a virgate spike. 5. R. Curtissii.
1. R. d y Rose. Stem branched below, the branches spread-
ing or dec . long, A Passé leaves various, the basal with
9 dm
s ae 2 iani blades
line with n E Es B n. acu re
Ser PR repand or toothed blades, 2-3.
em. g: flowers axillary: hypanthium 2
em. long: sepals about 1% as long as the
panthium: eorolla 2-3 road: eapsule
pom PA 2-3 em. long, somewhat
to Miss. and N. J.—(JF. I.)—All year S.
R. mollissima (L.) Sprague ee Riley.
or ovate-elliptie to la
uide most -5 long, acute or
acuminate, entire or shallowly pos ie
ers axillary: hypanthium 2.5-3 c long: corolla 1 d 3—4 em. broad:
ds e cylindric, 2—2.5 em. Du copiou sly pubesce eed fully 2 mm. long,
ee smooth — Fields, roadsides and waste-places, nee Plain, Fla. to Tex.
nd Ga. Nat. of S. A.— —Spr.—fall.
R. eres (Hill.) Rose. Stem decumbent or ascending, often branched,
1-5 dm. tall, glabrous or sparingly hirsute: leaf-blades oval, lanceolate, Aus I 2
or oblanceolate to spatulate at the base of the plant, 2.5-5 cm. lon
ind at a a sinuate-dentate or often a und flowers Pub ae
oe ong: sepals pudo corolla 12-36 mm. broad: capsule ae
o 9 em. long, more or less palaces d see 1.2-1.5 mm. lon
poni pitted. [Oenothera sinuata L ]—Sandy woods, plains, fields, and road:
sides, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., S. D., and Vt.—(W. I., Mex 2.)—Bpr.-
gs hg ioris s (Hook.) Rose. Stem branched, the branches decumbent,
ong, pubescen pui dip o -silky hai irs: leaves various; blades
aer to laneeolate, or s e or obovate towards the ends of the
branches, 1—4 em. long, en tire “distantly t oothed: flowers axillary: hypanthium
st em.
ire n em. broad: capsule cylindric, 2.5—4 em. long, spreading, curved up-
eed nearly 1.5 mm. long, pitted——Sand-dunes, pinelands, and roadsides,
Coastal. Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C. Native only in Tex.—All year S.
5. R. Curtissii Rose. Stem slender, 1 m. tall or less, sparingly gears
pubescent: leaf- iis ana to almost linear and entire or obscurely
948 EPILOBIACEAE
toothed, or oblanceolate at the Ase of the stem and Aud toothed or pin-
natifid, all narrowed at the base: sepals mos stly 9—11 . long, n eR Euh
e tips, glabrous or with RM i ha corolla "m ut b em
ovate, about 1.5 em. long: capsule d. p ate, 12-16 m. long “decidedly
penne to the i ‘curved, pos pubescent: seed aon m. lon
il ft pinelands, edges of hammocks, and river -banks, e 1 Plain Fla.
nd Ga.—Sum.-fall.—Formerly included in Oenothera e. a
Ww cere species which does not occur in our range.
9. KNEIFFIA Spach. Perennial small herbs. Leaf-blades spatulate
to linear or ovate, entire or shallowly toothed. Buds mostly erect. Flowers
spicate, diurnal. Petals yellow. Ovary clavate or stout. Capsule erect, cla-
vate or with an ees body, 4-winged, opening in wet weather. Seed not
tubercled. [Oenothera L. in part.]—About 12 species, mostly of temperate
North ius
m nee ce buds erect: flowers relatively large, the petals of the earlier ones
5-25 m ng. I. FRUTICOSAE.
Inflorescence, at the tip, and buds nodding: flowers relatively
all, the petals of the earlier ones 5-10 mm. long. II. PUMILAE.
I. FRUTICOSAE
Capsule linear-clavate, not stipitate. 1. A. pratensis.
ape ma with a clavate or ellipsoid stipitate body.
m e-body decidedly clavate at matu Hd pubescent
ith ineurved glandless hairs, ith inter-
Ene rsed gland-tipped hairs in K. emu nduToce.
SIDSE d about as wide as long, usually much
ter th ee the stipe: blades of the basal
È nem narr
Capsule with "indie BIDEN hairs: leaves
strigillose or glabro the basal narrowly
ae blades oe the cauline
lin 2. K. subglobosa.
Cap Zale " hirsute- strigose: leaves densely silvery-
Silke blades linear- lanceolate . K. arenicola.
Capsule-body decidedly longer thai wide, longer
than e Eun e or about &qualliac it: blades
of the basal eee broad.
MORD body and stipe both pubescent with
andless hairs: stipe frequently about
Ee the capsule-body.
nee of capsule equalling or somewhat ex-
eeding the permanently pubescent body. 4. K. fruticosa.
Stipe e FEE shorter than the body, whieh
ends to become glabrate.
ees body pubescent with minute
hairs: leaves of the main stem 7-9 cm
long, glabra 5. A. riparia.
oe body ‘pubescent with coarse hairs:
of the nd stem 3-6 em. long,
dn wae pubese 6. K. brevistipata.
Capsule- body pacer. Di ith glandless hairs:
De with doen lar hairs: stipe shorter than
e capsule-body. T. AK. semiglandulosa.
Capsule-body ellipsoid or arly so, pubescent with
hor LE CEPS plaid: tipped hairs, sometimes
ba ra
eaves ` of the main stem with linear-lanceolate,
e or MAE ovate blades, not glau-
stem pubescent rarely „glabrous:
PeR of the ior owes 1- 2.5 c ng.
Stem pubescent with long lax or spreading hairs.
S. K. hybrida.
Stem pubescent with short crisped hairs.
Capsule-body p de E id ed into the
stipe: eorolla 2—4 cm. wide. 9. K. tetragona.
Capsule-body SbrUDEV narrow ed into the
stipe: corolla 4—5 cm. wide. 10. K. latifolia.
Leaves of the main stem w vith, ovate to lanceolate-
ovate blades, glaucous beneath: stem glabrous or
y F.
EPILOBIACEAE
rarely UE petals of the earlier flowers
2.5-3 cm. long 11. K. glauca.
II. Pu AE
Plants with ee A often gregarious ae stems and
thickish leaf-blades 12. K. perennis.
1. X. pratensis exi: Stem 5-11 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly elliptic
to elliptie- lanceolate, 3-11 em. long, undu-
or sinuate, acute, thin, hirsute, flat:
hypanthium more O1 less hirsute sepals 17—
22 mm. long, 2 free tips 2.5—4 mm. long:
petals 2-3.5 em. long: i es body davate,
17-21 mm. long, hirsute.— ( MEA SUN-
DROPS.)—Low grounds, Mae d re
various provinees, N of Coastal Plain, Tenn.
to Ark., Ia. Wis., and en Intr bod: in
more E States cum: —fal
2. X. subglobosa Small. Stem a dm, tall,
Peer widely stolonifer basal
leaves 4-10 cm. long, with uu un-
dula V. toothed blades: stem- n often
numerous: blades linear or near 2—7
long, entire or distantly toothed. a
panthium villous or silky: sepals 6-9.5 mm. long: petals 1.5 to almost 2 en
ong: capsule-body globose- at 6—7 mm. us rd soil and d
ines Piedmont, Ga. and Ala.—Sum.-fall.
3. K. are den boue Stem n o-4.5 dm. tall, oo leaf-blades linear
of them narrov ii elliptie 5 em. long, entire or essen-
tially so: hy nun m somewhat hirsute: E 5 i mm dag; petals 16-23
mm. long: capsule-body globular or p eee about 4 mn 1. long.—Sand-
hills or dry pinelands, C5 astal Plain, Ga. to Miss. | Ark., and N. C.—Sum.-fall.
X. fruticosa ed Eas Stem 1-6.5 dm. tall, pubescent i short,
usually incur d basal leaves “Suit oval, elliptic or spatulate blades
commonly 2-8 e Ion g: stem-leaves not erowded; blades spatulate a linear
or linear- eine undulate or alles toothed: sepals 1-1.8 em. long,
n ubese — s iE 2.5 em. long: ea p ule-body gi dud ug to
ellipsoid-clav 6-14 long. [O. fruticosa L. K. linearis Spach K.
longipedic ve Sma E nun one )- Open sandy places or barrens, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. Y.—Spr.-su
K. riparia (Nutt.) a Stem 5-12 dm. tall: basal leaves with spatu-
late blades commonly em. long: stem-leaves often numerous; blades
linear to linear-lan COMI. 5-13 cm. long, or shorter on the branches, entire or
undulate denticulate: sepals about 2 em. NÉ finely pubescent: petals over 2
em. long: eapsule-body d pubes allover, with minute Em mostly
over 2 em. long.—River banks and nS Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C—
'—sum.
K. brevistipata Pennell. Stem 2-4 dm. tall, pubescent, leaves 3-6
em. long: blades 2 p aeutish, densely strigose: sepals 7-9 re
long: petals 12-15 ong: capsul body clavate- -ellipsoid, 9-6 mm. long,
winged, pubescent with coarse hairs, bu beeoming glabrate.—Dry pine ed
Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La.-—Su
7. K. ne
coming pep lar above, purple- ds leaves 5- 9 em. long; blades PERS
linear, , acutish, finely pubescent or glabrate: sepals 10-13 mm. long, acuminate:
petals 15-25 em. long: eapsule- body ciavate, 8-10 mm. long, the wings exceed-
semiglandulosa Pennell. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, finely pubese be-
du
950 | EPILOBIACEAE
ing the ridges, finely pubescent with gland- m and glandless hairs, often
nearly glabrous, the stipe- -like uu shorter than 2 dy.—Pinelands, Coastal
Plain, W Fla. to Miss.; introd. in E N. C.—Spr.-
8. K. hybrida (Michx.) Small. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, hirsute, sometimes Sr
so: leaf-blades oblanceolate to elliptic or lanceola ate 25-11 c em. long, e
E or denticulate: ar p 10-15 mm. long, t e fre e tip usually «bout $ 3
ong: petals 14-21 mm. long: capsule-body Eod -ellipsoid, 4.5—10
nr sharply angled Belen. winged at the apex, Men short- -stipitate Woods
meadows, and roadsides, various provinces, N. C. o Tenn. and N. S.—Sum
9. K. etragona (Roth.) Pennell. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, purple oao or
green kiss leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to lanceolate or linear, 2.5-10 cm.
long, entire or denticulate: jn 9—14 mm. long, the free tips about 1 mm.
e petals 10-18 m A one eapsule-body ellipsoid, 6-12 mm. long, sharply
angled and usually winged above, short- -stipi itate.—Dry s oil, barren places,
rocky river-banks, and T grounds, various provinces, Ga. to Ala., M
Mich., and N. Y.—Sum.-fall.
10. K. latifolia Rydb. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, pubescent, purplish or brow nish
below: ar ges elliptie, Bn narrowly so, to elliptic- imo Or ME
vue dt 3—9 em. long, entire o aes vd denticulate: sepals m. lon
e free tips haar 1 mm. long: petals 18-22 mm. long: c Sere ellipsoid
1 mm. long, prominently sharply pie Below. ici above, usually very
short- -stipitate ——Woods, Blue Ridge, N. C. and ——Sum
11. K. glauca (Michx.) D vin glaucous, 4-9 dm. high: leaf-blades
egi d Bad ist -ovate, 5-14 em. long: sepals 20-25 mm. long: petals
cru le-body ellipsoid, 11-13 mm. long, broadly 4-winged.
E p os CRI SE "U. 8S.) ]—(BLUE-LEAF SUNDROPS.)—Dry woods, usually
on us ree Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ky. and Va.—
Spr.-f
12. K. per s (L.) Pennell. Stem puberulent, 2-6 dm. tall: basal leaves
mostly with a cue or spatulate blades: stem-leaves few or many; ee
elliptic to linear, 2-8 cm. long, entire or very nea rly so: sepals 5-7 mm yey
etals 6-9 mm. long: se aay d obovoid or ellipsoid- gee 6-12
long, glabrous or nearly s [O. pumila L. K. pumila Spach — Open o
and moist sandy grounds, ‘Blue ee and more northern provinces, N. C. to
Minn ., Ont., and N. S.—Spr.-
10. PENIOPHYLLUM Pennell. Annual or biennial slender-stemmed
Leaves of two forms, the basal with broad blades, the cauline linear-
. Ca
angled, not stipitate. Seeds angled, irregu-
larly clustered.—One species.
linifolium (Nutt.) Penne Stem
asal leaves rem with
S 2—5
b
ong: sepals 2-3.5 mm. long: corolla yel-
low, 6-8 mm. e oe is ema ae
4—6 mm. long: about 1m
[Oenothera fn Nutt. Kneifia li nifoli olia
(Nutt.) Spach]—Dry rocky hills an pes Bene Coastal Plain and adj. provinces,
Ga. to Tex., Kans., and Ill.—Spr.—
EPILOBIACEAE 951
11. HARTMANN a Spach. Annual or perennial caulescent herbs. Leaf-
dr l
blades commonly piunatifid or p Buds rooping. Flowers spicate, diur-
nal. Hypanthium E m. Peta
species, American.—Spr.—fall.—PRIMROSES.
1. H. speciosa (Nutt.) Small Plant 2-7
blades of the basal leaves ob-
line, ly
lanceolate to spatulate in outline, lyrate-
no ls 2-4 e g: petals 2.5—5
m. long: capsules 1-2 cm. long. [Oenothera
a Nutt. ]— Berit soil, fields A road-
sides, various pro , La. to Ariz., Kans.,
and Mo.; also dierum EE from ;
Mis SS. o FI la., I., and N. C.—(Mez.)—Spr.-fall.—Commonly grown in gardens
Ph it escapes :
LAVAUXIA Spach. Perennial or annual usually acaulescent herbs.
NS bus pinnatifid. Flowers few. Petals white, pink, or pale-yellow.
Hypanthium tubular, slender. Ovary short.
Capsule short and stout, often winged above.
seeds granular, few—About 6 species,
North American e presum — Pare OSES.
1. L. triloba (Nutt.) Spach. Perennial,
nearly bu throughout: leaves basal:
blades oblong-lanceolate in ee 7—30 em
long, runcinate-pinnatifid o sinuate, some-
times ciliate: corolla whi A or pi ink, 4—6.5
em. broad: petals often 3-lobed: capsule
ovoid, 20-30 mm. long, manifestly longer
than broad, 4-winged above, reticulate-
: tt.
en calcareous soil, various provinces,
Tie to Calif., Wyo., and Ky.—(Mez.)
3. GAURA L. Annual, biennial, or sei herbs. Leaf-blades entire,
toothed, or pinnatifid. Flowers spicate or racemose. Hypanthium narrow,
somewhat prolonged beyond the ovary. ” Pe tals unequal, with clawed blades.
Stamens 8, declined. Style declined. Stigma 4-lobed, surrounded by a cup-
like border. Fruit ribbed or angled.—About 18 species, North American.
Anthers linear to narrowly elliptie, attached near the base. I. BIENNES.
Anthers oval, attached near the middle. - Ij. PARVIFLORAE.
Fruit Por stipitate, sometimes with a Soie stipetike B
Fruit 6-8 mm. long: flower: buds Tess than 2 cm,
pum with rounded or DUE angles. 1. G. biennis.
Fruit with sharp angle
Fruit pubescent: flow puri pubescent.
te simple or few ascending branches
above: species m from South Carolina tó
Florida and Alabama. 2. G. angustifolia.
952 EPILOBIACEAE
Stem diffusely much branched: species of the
lower DD valley. 3. G. filiformis.
Fruit glabrous: flower-buds glabrou
Stem, leaves, ind: E TA rachis pubescent : 4. G. simulans.
Stem, ‘leaves, and inflorescence- rachis glabrous, at
least at maturity 5. G. Eatonii.
Fruit 3-4 m long: flower- Buds ver 2 c lon 6. G. longiflora.
Fruit T Eo into a slender stipe Ahh PPT a pedicel. T. G. Michauzii.
II. PARVIF AE
Rather coarse herb, with slender elongate a of inconspicu-
ous flowers: 8. G. parviflora.
1. G. biennis L. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, villous-hirsute: leaf-blades lanceolate,
elliptic- lanceolate, or us 3-10 em. long, remotely denticulate or merely
undulat buds pubes nt: base of the hy-
8-9.5
MORN
E e )—Dry soil ed stream- banks,
various provinces, da. to Miss. Minn., and
Que.—Sum.- fall.
G. spi dale Michx. in 7-12 dm.
2.
tall, finely appressed-pubesce blades of
the ‘stem- leaves are ulate to ee or luc
laneeolate, 1- long, acute, sinuate or
ly entire, sparingly pubescent: buds
pubescent: petals white , 5-6.5 mm
ng: fruit elliptic, 5-9 mm. escent
—Dry woods and sandy fields, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.
filiformis Small. Stem 1-2.5 m. tall, i puberulent: leaf-
blades linear i narrowly linear-laneeolate, 2-10 c ee sharply, but finely
toothed, or entire above: buds puberulent ‘less mo 1.5 em. lon ng: sepals 9-10
mm. long: petals pink- SIC 7-8 n long: fruit narrowly elliptic, 6-7 mm
long, canescent.—Sandy soil, DM. Plain, Miss. to Tex. and Ark.—Sum. —fall.
4. G. simulans Small. Stem 9—20.dm. tall, loosely pubescent below: d
of the Su iion oblanceolate Or narrowly spatulate to lanceolate or lin
lanceolate, 2-12 em: long, pu - sharply toothed: ee a linear,
rather obtuse: edis pinkish, 4.5—5 . long: fruit - 10 mm. long, glabro
— Coastal sand-dunes and pinelands, S Fla.—Sum.-fal
G. Eatonii Small. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, glabrous or with scattered hairs:
leaf blades nearly simi oa ie 10se of the two preceding Ps s e glabrous:
sepals narrowly linea er acute: Saas no 9-6 long: fruit
glabrous, the body a -ovoid, 7-10 mm. long, 4 SE acd ‘into a
very short stipe- ‘like base.—Sand- dunes, Punta Rassa, Fla.—Spr.
6. G. longifiora Spach. Similar to G. angustifolia in habit: leaf-blades li d
narrowly so above, remotely and m toothed or entire, somewha
revolute du Peg nescent: O R er 2 cm. long: sepals il 13 mm. lon
petals pink, ong: fruit a o about 4 mm. > a
Sandy soil, (eee Plain, Miss. (or Ala.?), La. and Tex.—Spr.-sun
7 ae Ero Spach. Stem Mee dm. tall, DA Md o w
or linear-e 2.5—8 em. long, sinuate or remotely den : buds e cent:
petals Ue procu reddish, (a e mm. long: sepals 1 mm. long: fruit nar-
GUNNERACEAE 953
rowly ovoid, puberulent, the body 3-4 mm. long, sharply 4-angled above, nar
rowed to a pedie s a od than the body. —Dry ig) and fields, vari-
ous Donne. Fla. , Kans and N. C. (or Va.?).— fall.
8. G. parviflora Dougl. Stem 6-35 dm. tall, villous-hirsute: leaf-blades lanceo-
late, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, 3.5—10 em. ii repand- i softly pubes-
cent: buds oo or Bares! so: sepals 2-3 mm. long: petals 1.5—4 mm. long:
fruit fusiform, 6-8 mm. long, 4-nerved, ee between the pes —Dry soil,
fields, and roadsides, v various provinces, Ala. to Calif., Ore, and S. Dak.—
(Alex. )-—Spr.-
14. CIRCAEA [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaves Ui blades
mostly toothed, petioled. Flowers racemose. Sepals 2. Petals white,
not Stamens 2, alternate with the petals. Ovary 1-2-ce e Fru it
ched.
obovoid, usually with hooked hairs—About 8 species, natives of the
Northern Hemisphe
en ees "alk blades ovate: bracts obsolete: fruit over 3 mm. long, 2-
1. C. latifolia.
Plant ‘succulent: leaf-biades cordate: bracts minute: fruit less than
3 mm. long, 1-celled. 2. C. alpina.
1. C. latifolia Hill Plant 3-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, 5-10 em. long,
remotely denticulate: qd. 4-8 mm. long: corolla about 3 mm. NEU fruit
bro oadly adi Ern e ut 4 one with
stiff hair [C. aba CFL. SE. M 3]
— (EN TM din NIGHTSHADE.) — "ui ich
bru and thiekets, various provinces, bii
to ans., S. D., Ont.,
0—C. o Ehrh. with ‘salienily toothed
Be blades, ae mas les
ordate, and nute ee 2 cn re-
ported from Texas and may occur in our
ange.
5-5 e
tate: pedicels 3—4 mm. long: coro ola about
2 mm. br ruit narrow iy obovoid, about
ad: : A ES
2 mm. long, with soft hairs.—Cold woods, ES
Blue I Ridge and more lm provinces, Ga. to Ind., S. Dak., Alas., and Lab.—
(-Eurasia.)—Sum.-fall.
Famity 9. GUNNERACHAE — ee FAMILY
Perennial, or rarely annual, aqu r amphibious herbs. Leaves
seats "to whorled: blades entire to dissected, often a kinds on the
same plant. Flowers perfect or monoee Calyx 2—4 sepals.
Corolla of 2-5 small petals, or wanting i of 1-8 relatively
large stamens. Gynoecium of 1 of 2-4, sometimes united, carpels.
Ovary inferior. Stigmas 1-4. — Eight genera and about 100 Species,
widely distributed.
Gynoecium 3-carpellary : stamens 3: flowers perfect. 1. PROSERPINACA.
Gynoecium = a ane ey stamens 4 or 8: flowers monoecious or
polygamo 2. MYRIOPHYLLUM.
PROSERPINACA L. Herbs with stems decumbent or ereeping at
base. Eo alternate: blades toothed or pectinate, sometimes both kinds on
954 GUNNERACEAE
ne plan Flowers perfect, with the perianth in 3’s, na Sepals broad,
eres deltoid, green or sometimes whitish. tamen Stigmas 3, erect.
Fruit 3-earpellary. Four species, North Ame Um
Leaves all nearly alike and pecti inate; blades of those DARNE Uic flowers or
flower-clusters finely pectinate : stigmas stout. pectinata.
Leaves all nearly alike and toothed ; blades of those subtending
he flo s or flower-clusters ri or rrulate, or the
der.
Fruit mot auricled ; nutlets with even or uneven angle
Fruit ovate or suborbicular ^ outline, with A or
rounded angles, and turgid faces. 2. P. amblygona.
Fruit deltoid or rhombic in outline, with acute or margined
angles, and concave faces. 3. P. palustris
Fruit auricled; nutlets with prominently appendaged angles. 4. P. platycarpa.
1. P. pectinata Lam. Leaf-blades e to ovate in outline, 1-3 cm. long,
one- ies as dido m nearly so, the segm ments slender or filiform: subulate, about as
Hie pis rachis: fruit ovoid or glo ida
soid, mm. us pid pb
"uu -—Ponds, ditches, and sluggish
streams, various o es, Fla. to La. and
Me.—Sypr.-fall.— LI is less widely
distributed tha 21s o following, and is
more decidedly piste to eoastal regions.
2s. P. amblygona (Fernald) Small. Leaf-
tu
wide as lon rate s
pinnatifid or noctinate: the se mene coarse
d
ong, tuberenlate-roughened, thick-
REN —Ponds, mp d ditches, Had
ous provinces Ga. "to T EUN and
Spr.—fall —— Specimens of “this species Eon Georgia have been erroneously
referred to P. intermedia Mackenz
3. P. palustris L. Leaf-blades elliptic, linear, linear-lanceolate or broadened
upward, mostly 2-6 cm. long, serrate or serrulate, or the submersed ones pin-
natifid or pectinate, the segments slender: fruit pyramidal or zioni odas 4-5
mm. E thin-angled, 2 m m ned.— ROS -WEED.)—Moist soil,
N. S.—Spr.—-
4. pupa. Small. E es elliptic varying to pea Apod or
Mug 1-3 em. long, serrate, or those of the dA deeds ones, or aquatic
forms all iets: ruit broad, mostly obreniform by the auricled ns bo
per
faces sparingly rugose.—Pools, lim sinks, and cypress swamps pen. Fla.;
haps further N along the Atlantic coast —(W. I.)—A1 yea
IOPHYLLUM L. Herbs with mostly submersed stems,
some mcs ereeping in the mud. Leaves alternate to whorled: blades of "s
emersed (floral) ones entire, toothed, or bou: those of the submersed ones
larger and with finer DANI than the ers. Flowers monoecious or polyga-
mous, with the perianth in 4’s and the staninae ones petaliferous, green, red,
or purplish. Sepals dr na Sta r 8. Stigmas 4, recurve
Fruit 4-carpellary.— About 20 species, mn pica .—W ATER-MILFOILS.
DES
EE
GUNNERACEAE 955
Sepals broad and short: plants monoecious or polygamous.
Stamens 4: corolla persistent.
Floral leaves with entire or serrate blades: anthers mea petals PE
'ate. . M. heterophyllum
Floral leaves with ineised-pinnatifid blades: anthers
lE petals elliptic. 2. M. pinnatum.
Stamens 8: corolla deciduous. 3. M. larum.
Sepals lone and slender: plants dioecious. 4, M. proserpinacoides.
1. M. heterophyllum Michx. Leaves in 4’s to 6’s; blades of the usually
crowded submersed ones with 6—10 un bea! of linear-filiform or capillary seg-
ments; those of the floral ones elliptie, ovate,
linear, or broadened upward, serrate: petals
broadly ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, porn
n
long: fruit globose-ovoid, 2-2.5 mm. lon
d
earpels with orsal ridges, med
roughened.—Ponds ae sluggish streams,
E provinees, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont.,
N. J.—
um.—Forms o
heterophyllum have often been erroneously
referred to M. verticillatum in our range.
2. M. pinnatum (Walt.) B. S. P. Leaves
in 3’s to 6’s, or some of them scattered;
spa E. hes p crowded submersed
^as T. pairs of a seg-
those of the n ones narrow, prede icu ME thus jagged-edged;
SC elliptic, 1-1.5 m ong, doin anthers nearly 1 mm. long, obtuse: fruit
oval or globose-ovoid, Ls 5— "s ong; carpels with 2 puc n Po —
Ponds, ditches, and muddy e various provinces, Fla. and Man.
—(W. I.)—Spr.-su um.
M. laxum Shuttlw. Leaves in 4's; blades of the PE E submersed
ones with 3-7 pairs of a diis ments; those of the floral ones spatulate:
petals elliptic, 2.5-3 long: anthers line ear to narrowly elliptic, about as
long as the i. fruit ovoid- bep about 1.5 mm. long; earpels maa
warty. - Ponds and lakes, Coastal Plain, N Fla., S Ga. and S Ala.—Sum
4. M. proserpinacoides Gill Leaves in 4's and 5's, feather-like; blades
of the submersed and floral ones nearly or quite up all rather remote, 2
mostly 10—15 pairs of linear-subulate or rarely r ar- ~spatulate segm
e i r sle nae
(WATER-FE PARROT ’S-FEATHER. )—Pools, and ditches, M Plain, Fla,
to Tex.; KR ‘locally as a N as N. Y.—Native of S. Am.—Spr.-fall.
Order AMMIALES
Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades
simple or compound. owers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious, often
borne in umbels. Calyx of typically 5 small sepals surmounting tlie
hypanthium. Corolla typically of 5 petals, or wanting. Androecium of
as many stamens as the sepals. Gynoecium 2-carpellary or rarely several-
l-earpellary. Ovary inferior. Fruit drupaceous or baccate, or dry an
then a cremocarp.
Fruit ee or baccate: gynoecium 1-several-carpellary, if 2-carpellary, stigmas
Po single or united: ovule with a dorsal raphe: leaves mostly opposite; blades
ntire or merely toothed. Fam. 1. NYSSACEAE.
956 | NYSSACEAE
Styles distinct: ovule with a ventral raphe: leaves mostly
alternate ; blades lobed or eo nd. . Fam. 2. HEDERACEAE.
Fruit dry, a cr emocarp: gynoecium 2-carpellary: stigma
terminal. "ain. 3. AMMIACEAE.
FaxiLy d. NYSSACHAK —Docwoop FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, or rarely partly herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite
or alternate: blades usually entire. Flowers perfect or unisexual, borne
in naked or involuerate open or congested cymes. Calyx of mostly 4 or 5
sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5, or rarely more, petals, or wanting. Androecium
it o 2—4
S im o
united earpels. Styles united. Fruit mostly a drupe.—Sixteen genera
and about 90 species, most abundant 1n the ios: M,
cb dioecious or polygamo-dioecious; stigmas lateral: drupe
celled.
lo NYSSA.
Flow ers perfect : stigmas terminal: drupe 2-celled, 2-seeded.
Flowers in open cymes, not subtended by an involucre: fruit
surmounted by the style, globular, not re 2. SVIDA.
m in a head, subtended by a large involucre: fruit sur-
ed by the calyx, elongate, pt ed. 3. CYNOXYLON.
1. NYSSA L. Shrubs or trees, with terete branches. Leaves alter-
nate, deciduous. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, green, the staminate with 5-sev-
eral sepals and 5—many stamens, the pistillate with 5 sepals and a 1-eelled pistil.
Drupe somewhat elongate.—A bout 8 species, North American and Asiatic.—Spr.
Pistillate flowers 2 or more together: drupe small (1-1.5 cm.), black, beneath a
bloom ; stone smooth or bluntly ridged. I. MULTIFLORAE.
Pistillate flowers solitary: drupe large (3-4 cm.), purple to red;
Stone winged or sharply ridged. II. UÜNIFLORAE.
: ULTI eru
Leaf-blades obovate to ovate: stone n early ribles
Leaí- HM spatulate, oblanceolate or eDi: tone ‘ribbed,
Drupe oval to ellipsoid: leaf-blades mostly are E long.
ine globular: leaf-blades mostly 2.5-7 c
7. sylvatica.
QA
. N. biflora.
N. ursina.
Q2to
UNIFLORAE
Pistillate flowers short-pedicelled : drupe red ; stone winged.
Leaf-blades narrow, acuminate: shrub w ith nde. onda stems
and erect branches. 4. N. acuminata.
Leaf-blades br ae obtuse or abruptly pointed: tree with spread-
ing branche 5. N. Ogeche.
Pistillate fio eee "long- pedicelled: drupe purple or blue; stone
sharp-ridged. 6. N. aquatica.
Sylvatica Marsh. Tree becoming 50 tall, with D -checked
1. N.
bark: leaf- ur us or obox rate, sometimes pubescent 1 ‘beneath, 5-15 em. long:
sto
ick ; ,
us ides. various oe Fla. to Tex.,
, Miel and Me.—The wood of e and
the next Chae. species is used for
ing ous utensils. It is an Sea or
nd ns and Soft, but tough.
2. N. bifora Walt. Tree becoming 40 m. tall,
with os ridged bark: leaf-blades
Pur ate, spatulate, or elliptie, mostly
2—12 c A ng: drupe oval or ellipsoid, 10-
13 mm 6 eng; pos ar 8-10 mm. lon
or sometimes lon or rarely Buc e
`
NYSSACEAE 957
(WATER-GUM. | WATER-TUPELO. | BLACK-GUM.)—Swamps and e margins,.
Coastal Plain and ar prov inces, Fla. to Tex. and Del. (or N. A form
with rather. small blunt leaves and roundish drupes 6—7 mm. in d from
the -o re eg ons o South Carolina to Virginia may represent an addi-
tional spee
rsina Small. Shrub with copiously branched stems or a small
much- br anched tree: leaf-blades elliptie, often narrowly so, to spatulate, 2.5-7
em. long, coriaceous, iA Dea at -o r P drupe globular, 9—1 X
r, y fleshy; ong.—( BEAR-GUM.) —Pineland
mps, Apalachicola River n Fla. —A a branehed shrub with the
habit of Cliftonia uw i with which E grow S, a by its n pu
small leaves and in flo ' fruit, by 'ery numerous flower clusters
fruits, respeetive B. The e juicy drupes, S oan a bitter, are a favorite
food of the bears of the regio
cuminata Small. Shrub becoming 3 m. tall, usually with numerous
erect [cen leaf-blades narrowly elliptie or oblanceolate, 4—16 em. lon
acuminate: drupe ellipsoid, about 2 em. long.—Pineland swamps near the
coast, Ga.
geche Marsh. Tree becoming 20 m. tall, the stem crooked; leaf-
blades elliptic, varying to Mou ME Or lanceolate, or pann E. 5-90 em.
long, usually entire: petioles about le . long: drupe 3-4 c
than the pedicel; stone papery-winge p (Oa b E "OS M
TUPELO-GUM.)—Wet swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—The fruits are used
to make an acid drink and for a preserve. The d is white, light, soft and
tough.
6. N. a L. Tree becomi ing 35 m. tall, be stem o leaf-blades
ovate to mu 9-30 cm. ng, often sinuate or coarsely toothed; petioles 2.5
em. long: drupe n 3 en pm dark-purple, Eu than the pedi cel; stone
sharp- ridged.— ( TUPELO-GUM. COTTON-GUM.)—River- a Coastal eee c
rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ill, and Va.—The w is used for
various utensils. It is light- -brown or nearly white, soft, but tough.
2. SVIDA Opiz. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate.
Flowers in naked corymb-like cymes. Sepals 4, minute. Petals 4, white,
spreading. Stamens 4. Drupe globular or depress d. [Cornus L. in part
About 15 species, North Ameriean.—Spr.—CORNELS.—Some species are used
medicinally.
Leaves alternate, approximate at the end of the branches: drupe deep-blue or
blue-black. 1. S. alternifolia.
Leaves opposite, remote: drupe white or pale-blue or light-blue.
Lower leaf-surfaces glabrou
wigs grav: drupe white: stone broader than long. 2. S. femina.
i m reddish-brown : drupe pale-blue: stone mostly
th
Lower leaf surfaces with straight or curled h
Stones longer than broad: drupe 3-4 mm in "dini eter
Leaf. lades membranous, those below a peduncle ellip-
tie or oval. 4
Leaf blades Eum those below a peduncle ovate to
ovate-lanceolat
Stones re e long: drupe 6-8 mm. in diam
Sep m Shorter than the Ropa eae pr
S hito e sharply 4-angled. 6
Sepals a as long as the hoodutituns drupe pale-
blue: stone slightly angled.
3. S. stricta.
. S. microcarpa
5. S. Priceae.
. S. asperifolia.
. S. Amomum.
. S. alternifolia (L. f.) Small Shrub, or tree sometimes 9 m. tall: leaf-
blades elliptic or oval, varying to ovate or obovate, 5-15 em. long, whitish be-
958 NYSSACEAE
neath, prominently ribbed: petals Mug
ovate: drupe depressed-globose, 8-10 m
diameter, blue-black.—( PAGODA-CORNEL. "Ua
BRELLA-CORN Er mE ; ios and thick-
ets, various 2j ovinees, Fla. to Ala., Minn
and N. B.—The Drown pon is close-
grained and hard.
2. S. femina (Mill) Small. Day: ies
bose, : ima
(Marsh.) S mall]— River -banks, thickets, and
roadsides, various provinces, Ga. to Nebr.,
Minn and Me.
3. S. stricta (Lam.) Small Shrub, or small tree with smoothish Dus bel
bi "y Eire oval, or ovate, 4—12 cm. long: petals linear-oblong t ea
lanceolate: drupe 5- 6 mm. in D pale-blue.—Swamps, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ind., and Va.
4. S. microcarpa (Nash) Small. Shrub with brownish twigs: leaf- pus
D or elliptic, 3-9 cm. long: petals ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate: drupe a
. in diameter, light-blue.—Low woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.
5. S. Priceae Small. Shrub with red twigs: leaf-blades d ovate- elliptie,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-12 em. long: petals narrowly 1 olate: drupe
about 3 mm. in diameter, white. — Bluffs and river banks, THE pm Pla-
teaus, Tenn. and Ky.
6. S. asperifolia (Michx.) Small. Shrub e a ies twigs: e Mis
pios to elliptie or oval, 4-15 em. long: drupe in diameter,
( H-LEAF CORNEL. )—Low E or moist TA various ike E: p
Blue , Ridge, Ala. to Tex., Minn., and Ont
7 Mill.) Small. Shrub with purple twigs: leaf-blades lanceo-
late to broadly ovate, 3-13 em. long, silky and often somewhat rusty beneath:
upe : 8 mm. in u mmon, in ist
streams.—(KINNIKINNIK. SILEY-CORNEL.)— Wet places and stream- -banks,
a ‘provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. D., and Newf.
3. CYNOXYL Raf. Trees. Leaves opposite. Flowers perfect, borne
ON
involucrate heads. Sepals 4, Hie] ovate to oblong. Petals 4, greenish
St 4,
or yellow-green, rvin
Drupe elongate. Two species, non pem
can.
iptie to han 5—18 cm. long, pale beneath:
involucral bracts white. or pink, obovate, 4—6
e g ls linear, 3 m. long:
drupe ellipsoid to ple about 15 mm. long, ///7.
red. [Cornus florida L.]—(FLOWERING poc-[i|::
D.)—Hamm dus und rieh od various
n Fla. »: Tex., Minn., E=
always a black crumple por. the tip
of udi eal bract. The very close-
HEDERACEAE 959
grained wood is sometimes used as a substitute for boxwood, in wood engraving
and for a variety of articles.
Faminy 2. HEDERACEAE — Ivy FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, or vin Leaves alternate: blades simple or
compound. Flowers pes qe or pipes often umbellate. Calyx of
5 sepals, or obsolete. Corolla of 5 or 10 petals. Gynoecium of 2-5 united
earpels. Styles often distinct. Fruit a berry or a drupe.—Fifty-two
genera and about 475 species, natives of the north ime id zone.
Vines: leaf-blades simple.
Herbs, shrubs or ye leaf- blades compound. 1. HEDERA.
Umbel simple: plant scapose, the bracts whorled : styles 2 or 3. 2. PANAX.
Umbel compound : plant caulescent, the leaves alternate : Styles 5. 3. ARALIA.
1. HEDERA L. Vines. Leaf-blades leathery, entire or lobed. Flowers
polygamous, in panicled umbels. Sepals 5, or obsolete. Petals 5. Stamens 5.
Ovary 5-celled. Styles united. Fruit angled |
—One species, in many cult. varietie
l. H. Helix L. Evergreen vine, with aérial
eb aie blades ovate ? su Suborbicular,
ird or 3—9-lobe ed, 2—10 lon ng: hy-
ovate, Dio een. 2—3 mm. long: fruit
about 10 mm. in diameter.—(ENcrisH Ivy.)
e :
throughout U. ometimes used edie.
nally.—Ivy is a histor T its o Ev
ing back into ancient mytholo ogy. The
Hedera comes down through the Rom man
In E it has furnished a resin for vou. a de and tanning atop
PANAX L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades palmately compound. Scape
"e with a whorl of bracts quite similar to the leaves. Umbel uL
Ovary m mostly 2- or 3-celled.. Styles distinct. Fruit red, yellowish, or yellow
Seven species, North American and Asiatic.
Rootstock globular: leaflets sessile, obtuse: berry yellow. 1. P. trifol
Rootstock fusiform: leaflets stalked, acuminate: berry red. 2. P. Ae bee
1. P. trifolium L. Plant 1-2 dm. tall: bracts 3: leaflets 3, the blades ee
1-8 em. long: petals white: berry 4-5 mm. = ad.— —(Dwanr-a1 NSENG.
NUT.)—Damp places in woods, various pro
inces, Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Tl, 5 (A
Minn., and N. S.—Spr.
2. P.quinquefolium L. Plant 2—4 dm. tall:
bracts 3 or 5: leaflet d the blades ps
ish: berry 8-10 mm. br oad.— (GINSENG.
provinces, Fla. to La., Nebr. Minn., and
Que.—Sum.— 1
plant is now extensively cultivated.
960 AMMIACEAE
3. ARALIA [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes
prickle-armed or spiny. Leaves alternate: blades pinnately or ternate ly com-
pound. mbel Noe MET Flowers white or greenish. Ovary mostly 5-celled.
Styles distinct or united at the base. Fruit black. About 30 species, North
American and Asiatie.—SPIKENARDS. SARSAPARILLAS.—Several of the species
are used in medicine.
Umbels few, in terminal e mbs or few-rayed umbels
nn with elongate Ead a pedun cle or a leaf, or both, ap oe r at
ntervals from the rootsto ck. 1. udicaulis.
Plant with leafy branches arising from the rootstock. 2. Fu his spida.
Umbels numerous, in terminal y axillary racemes or panicles.
Large unarmed rb: leafiets membranous: hypanthium cam-
panulate : e globular 3. A. racemosa.
Shrub or small tree, with prickle-armed stems: leaflets leathery :
hypanthium DEOSdIS turbinate: anthers ellipsoid. 4. A. spinosa.
. A. nudicaulis L. Plant 2-3.5 dm. tall, sparingly soft-pubescent or gla.
brous: "lead poen solitary: inflorescence overtopped by the leaf: berry 6
mm. in s eter: seed 4.5-5 mm. long, very
flat.— (WIL serene LA. )— Woods and
rocky hillsides, various m Ga. to
Mo., Man., and Newf.—Spring-s
2. A. hispida Vent. Plant 2-9 dm.
bristly pubescent: leaves several or many:
urn ae overtopping the leaves:
of nudi
cky woods, various provinces, Coastal
t inn
A. racemosa L. Large e herb 1-2 m. ta H,
unarmed: blades of the leaflets me mbranous: hypanthium campanulate: petals
Pd xod than the hypanthium: berry 4-5 mm. in diameter: seed about
long.—(SPIKENARD. HUNGRY-ROOT.)—Rich anes various provinces,
da. 1 ) Miss. S Mo. , S. D., and N. B.—5um
A. spinosa L. Shrub or small tree, prickle-armed: blades of the Pipe
ypan
berry 6-7 mm. in diameter: seed abo mm. | PRI -ASH ae
ACHE-TR LES-CLUB. PRICKLY-ELDER. DEVIL’S-WALKINGSTICK.).—
Low E nds and woods, various provinces, Fla., to Tex., Mo., and N. =
un —S ometimes Ee for ornament. The bark and fru its are oeeasi
The brown heart-wood is streaked with yellow, d
sed i icine.
grained en Night and soft.
Famity 3. AMMIACEAE — Carrot FAMILY
Herbs with hollow stems. Leaves typically alternate: blades s
or sometimes merely toothed, or entire. Flowers perfect or polyg
umbellate. Calyx ot 5 tooth- like sepals, or obsolete. Corolla of e ole
Androecium of 5 stamens. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, often with a
ae gee E dry, a eremocarp, the ribbed or winged carpels sepa-
r —About 250 genera and more than 2,000 species,
ide. distributed, bui most abundant in the tropies.
AMMIACEAE
Flowers densely capitate: fruit scaly, ribless
Flowers evidently umbelled, the umbels sometimes compact :
fruit ribbed, or if ribless, not scaly.
Fruit oo covered with hooked prickles or stellate
Fruit “with hooked prickles, pointed at the apex, the
tied Oo S broadly VER leaf-blades pinnately or pal-
y 3-—'-foliolat
Fruit “with stellate huis. broadly rounded at the
DE 2 the carpels nearly distinct: leaf-blades
Fruit ribbed, at least on the beak.
ay ribs of the carpels mor e prominent than
the pri E armed with prickles, the primary
ribs bri
Seco ndary ribs wanting, the primary ones evident or
ent.
Fruit | iron ear e linear- clavate, several
times longer than
Fruit short, ellipsoid io globose, less than twice
as long as wide,
Fruit BT in cross-section or compressed
t ]
Umbels simple, rarely proliferous: leaves
with blades
Umbels com ound, if simple the leaves
mere hollow phyllodia
p much flattened dorsall y, with the lat-
'al ribs Mor or less strongly winged.
I. ERYNGIEAE
Erect or prostrate herbs, often with bristly or spiny leaves
and bracts, the inflorescence frequently highly colored.
. SANICULEAE
Erect herbs with palmate S and irregular umbels,
the flowers perfect and stamin
IIa EAE
s stemmed herbs, with siender-petioied ee and
ort-peduncled, few -flowered axillary umbel
III. CAUCALIEAE
Sepals obsolete : fruit dorsally flattened.
Sepals prominent: fruit laterally flattened.
IV. OSMORRHIZEAE
Fruit bristly.
Fruit with an elongate beak longer than the body, not
nee at the base.
AE narrowed at the base.
Fruit n bri
Fr ee "beaked, the beak shorter than the body: oil-tubes
Fruit. Pon dcos 2: slightly beaked : oil-tubes present.
cave: leaf- blades decompound: annual
lants.
ur -face flat: leaf-blades 3-foliolate: perennial
nts.
V. HYDROCOTYLEAE
Ed oo secondary ribs or reticulations: involucre
Fruit swith secondary ribs and reticulations: involucre
pre
VI. AMMINEAE
Coro NAE greenish, or PORRI
ruit 'ete or nearl
Umbel compound : oH much-divided.
Ribs of the carpels all corky thickened.
61
Tribe I, ERYNGIEAE.
II. SANICULEAE.
IIa, BOWLESIEAE.
III. CAUCALIEAE.
IV. OSMORRHIZEAE.
V. HYDROCOTYLEAE.
VI. AMMINEAE.
VII. ANGELICEAE.
1. ERYNGIUM.
to
. SANICULA.
2a, BOWLESIA.
DAUCUS.
'TORILIS.
"mud
5. SCANDIX.
6. OSMORRHIZA.
-1
. CEREFOLIUM.
8. CHAEROPHYLLUM.
9. DERINGA.
bee
0. HYDROCOTYLE.
11. CENTELLA.
12. CYNOSCIADIUM.
962 AMMIACEAE
Ribs os the carpels slender, the lateral sometimes
orky.
Fruit subglobose.
Fruit ellipsoid.
n simple: leaves philodia-like, linear or spatu-
Fruit laterally peted.
Fr
Fruit Eo
"I Carpels a one flattened laterally, the fruit
nearly orbicular.
Carpels nearly ter or only slightly flattened.
Carpels without ol tubes.
resent: carpel-cribs wavy-mar-
Involucre wanting.
Carpels with oil-tubes.
eed- face Meal oil-tubes more than one
early So: oil-tubes usu-
Stylopodium depressed. |
Carpels with the lateral ribs
n. leaf-blades bipinnate,
ents lanceolate.
filiform se nts.
rd M e leaf-
blades pinnate.
Carpelribs ao winged: eaf-
blades finely dissected e
linear or filiform segmen
BOE conic.
es e at least the lateral,
yth ns ed.
ruit 8-10
long, umbel rays 5 or less.
m. long,
mbel rays num ou
Carpel L-ribs not corky-thickened.
Umbels, at least the lower ones, opp
site the leaves
Carpel-ribs slender winged, stylo-
p m prominent on the mature
stylo-
Carpel-tibs corky-thickened,
n the ma-
Pog noo prominent o
Corolla yellow or emn adn, sometimes purple in
Thaspium.
Leaf-blad es simple, perfoliate: carpels ure oil-tubes.
pum compound: carpels with Men tubes
Fruit not Wattened.: carpel-ribs winged.
Fruit fiattened laterally : carpel- Bo not winged.
eaf-segments entire.
TAS ma toothed, 2 or lobed.
ylopodiu
Stylopodium A
voluc of 2-4 linear bracts: stylopo-
ium "depresse ed.
Involucre wanting: stylopodium conic.
VII. ANGELICEAE
Corolla yellow : stylopodium depressed.
Fruit with thick corky lateral ribs oo obsolete dorsal
ribs: oil-tubes several in the inter
Fruit with thin-margined lateral ribs ona evident dorsal
ribs: oil-tubes eene. n the intervals.
Leaf- segments v orta
Leaf- -segments bro
33.
34.
39.
36.
37.
. CORIANDRUM.
. LIGUSTICUM.
. LILAEOPSIS.
. SPERMOLEPIS.
ERIGENIA.
M.
. AEGOPODIUM.
EULOPHUS.
CICUTA.
SIUM.
AMMI.
TREPOCARPUS.
. PTILIMNIUM.
HARPERELLA.
CELERI.
. CXCLOSPBRMUM.
BUPLEURUM.
'THASPIUM.
'TAENIDIA.
. ZIZIA.
APIUM
Poe sic PUR:
PLEIOTAENIA.
ANETHUM.
PASTINACA.
AMMIACEAE
Corolla white: stylopodium conic (except in Angelica).
Oil-tubes morc than one in the intervals.
es 2-3 pinnately decompound, the segments
na ions 38. CONIOSELINUM.
Leaf-blades 1-2 ternately divided, the segments
b 39. ANGELICA.
Oil-tubes solitary in the inter
Fruit notched at the apex, M carpels very flat. 40. HERACLEUM.
Fruit not notched at the apex, the carpels not very
flat. 41. OXYPOLIS.
1. ERYNGIUM Tourn. L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades
spiny-toothed, lobed o r incised, or rarely entire. Bracts of the involucre often
ing the leaves. Sepals acute or spine-like.
Gos. BUTTON-SNAKEROOTS.— Some species are accredited
with medicinal paneer
Leaf-blades parallel-veined. I. AQUATICA,
Leaf-blades not pa arallel veined.
ades of the b asal- leaves lobed or parted, the segments
spine-tipped.
Heads Sa as spiny-bristly: bracts and bractlets
3—5-pronged. II. AROMATICA.
Heads ovoid to K not bristly: bracts and bract-
lets not 3-pronged. III. DIVARICATA.
Blades i the basal leaves entire or merely toothed.
Stem and ae es filiform or very slender, prostrate:
Dla nts bi IV. PROSTRATA.
Stem relatively stout, erect or ascending: plants peren-
nial, or, perhaps rarely biennial. V. INTEGRIFOLIA.
I. A A
Petals ovate, acuminate: bristles on the leaf-margin solitary. 1. E. aquaticum.
un Dod ee mucronate: bristles on the leaf-margin
r 2-4 together. 2. E. synchaetum.
II. AROMAT
Diffuse plant, the br anches from the top of uie r
iu inflorescence near the tip of the branches widely
anched. 3. E. aromaticum.
Plant erect, the stem corymbosely branched at the top: leaf-
blades with 3-5 apical prong-like teeth. 3a. E. cuneifolium.
IIL DIVARICA |
Prostrate plant, the heads mostly axillary, di — than
wide. 4. E. divaricatum.
a ATA
Bractlets longer than the flowers: s with narrow
blades or segments: fruit strongly “tubereulate b. E. Baldwinii.
Bractlets shorter than the flow m-leaves I broad
blades or segments: fruit Bot. Pe tuberculate. 6. E. prostratum.
VY. INTEGRIFOLIA
Lower leaves with elongated hollow petioles and long blades.
Bractlets entire. T. E. floridanum.
Bractlets 3- Done ed.
s us the bractlets unequal, the lateral teeth
8. E. virginianum.
Tee f the bractlets about equal. 9. E. Ravenelii.
Lower us with short petioles and bI lades
Leaf-blades ovate, iun 5 e or CE serrate or cre-
nate: heads mostly r 7 mm. high. 10. E. integrifolium.
Leaf-blades linear or eoa e laciniately toothed,
at least near the base: heads mostly less than 7 mm.
high. 11. E. ludovicianum.
1. E. aquaticum L. Plant 3—18 dm. tall: blades of the lower inis broadly
linear, mostly 2-9 dm. long, stiff: sepals ovate to elliptie-ovate, about 2.5 mm.
964 AMMIACEAE
long petals over 2 mm. d fruit 3.5—4
long.— (CoRN- Er RATTLE-
EX AKE-M ae )—Low y Miei swamps, and
acid s, various pos es, Pe a. to
3 Xin, E. nn.—Spr ari e Spe- |
is somewhat of a misnomer, as
Td Een teu grows in T dry soil.
E. synchaetum (A. Gray) Rose. Plant
3-9 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves nar
rowly d usually pliable: sepals poss
ovate deltoid-o ONS) ae 1.8 long:
petals pa ss than mm. long: fruit 2-2.5
mm. long. ` Pinelmds and prairies, M oum
Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., an ee ag a —
fa Il.—A. decoction made from the
stitutes the ceremonial '' blaek- drink? ? "ot. ake Seminoles.
E. aromaticum Baldw. Plant ultimately diffuse, the branches 1-6 dm.
long: blades A the lower es spatulate in 2d ey denis Or pd
bee sus
parted, 3—4 em. long, pale-margined: heads ing 8 . long: sepals
lanceolate, 2— z mm. long, poc petals fully 1.5 n fruit granu-
lar, 1.5-2 mm. long, or rarely smaller.—Dry pinela Piu Coastal Plain, Fla. and
adj. Ga.—Spr. Bais ere érroneously accredited to
3a. E. cuneifolium Small. Plant erect, 2— 5 dm. tall: blades of the numerous
basal leaves d bu o s 3-5 5 apical teeth callous-margined spin
tipped: heads becoming : diameter: sepals lanceo late, 1.5-2 mm
fr l
long, acuminate: hen: Ead 14 5 mm, long: fruit scarcely 1.5 mm, ong.—
Serub, S part of Lake Region, Fla—Sum.—fall
4, E. divaricatum H. & A. Plant prostrate: blades of the lower leaves bipin-
natifid, those of the upper ones pinnatifid, the segments linear to lanceolate,
minutely spine-tipped: heads ovoid, becoming ellipsoid, 1 em. long o r less;
braets of the involuere linear- MN spreading: fruit less s 1 mm. long,
ristly.—Low grounds and waste- places, around sea-ports, Fla. to N. C. Nat.
of Argentina ——Spr.-fall or all year S.
5. E. Baldwinii Spreng. Plant prostrate: blades of ba koar a es porta
varying to badge above or below the middle, 2-9 e ong: heads
eylindrie: bra of the involuere subulate. cu a B Eus p
Coastal Plain, la. to La. and Ga.—Spr.—fall.
- 2 seers Nutt. Plant pr ostrate: o of the basal leaves elliptie or
2-4 em. long: heads ellipsoid: bracts of the involucre linear- Serge
» ues spatulate: —Low gro ands and Ct places Coastal Plain and adj. pro
inces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Ky., an —Sum
E. floridanum Coult. & Rose. Stem 6-9 ae tall: blades of the Ei er leaves
narrowly elliptie ds linear-laneeolate, 3—11 e Hi long entire or nearly s ads
becoming about 1 em. long: sepals ovate, about 2 mm. long: pet etals nen i mm.
long: fruit about 2 mm. long.—Brae kish marshes, Fla. —Spr.—fall.
. E. virginianum Lam. Stem 3-9 un hon blades of the lower leaves linear,
to oblan eeolate, 15—40 em. long, u undul or toothed, often coarsely s : heads
becoming abo ut 1.5 cm. long: sepals lanceolate about 2.5 mm. long, s ne
rer petals 1-1.5 mm, long: fruit abou 1.5 mm long. [E. pra id
—Low grounds and swanps, bud Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. J.—
eme
AMMIACEAE 965
9. E. Ravenelii A. Gray. Stem 5-10 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves
MI elongate-linear, 25-50 em. long, undulate or Sd o heads
becoming 1-1.5 em. long: sepals ovate or ovate-lance 2—3 . long,
short-acuminate: petals 1.5-2 mm. long: fruit Bon 2— dx mm. er TE. Met-
taueri Wood |—Swampy mindande. Coastal Plain, Fla. to 3. C.—Sum.-fall.
eee Bu Stem 4—9 dm. c B of the lower leaves
ipti O ut m.
i p a 1.5 mm. long, a cute: T als 1-1.3 mm. long: fruit
ng:
1.5-2 mm. long. LE: virgatum Lam. or ee ae Plain and rarely
adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and N. C—Sum
«Li cianum Morong. Stem more dd Dis in E. integrifolium:
blades of nee lower leaves linear-spatulate, 3-7 ae Vd e
heads depressed, less than 1 em. lon ng at maturi NE pi , 1-1.5 m ong,
abruptly pointed: petals 1-1.5 mm. long: ian about 1 mm. En ong ow ic
lands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex — smn m.—fal
2. SANICULA [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial, glabrous or nearly
glabrous herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid or palmately 3—7-foliolate:
leaflets toothed or ineised. mbels irregular, compound, few-rayed. Bracts of
the involueres resembling the leaves. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals white, yel-
lowish, or purpl Fruit subglobose or en somewhat dorsally flattened,
armed with hooked bristles: carpels ribless: oil-tubes usually 5.—About 25
species, of wide geographic distribution.—Spr.-fall.—SNAKE-ROOTS. BLACK
SNAKE-ROOTS SANICLES.—Some species are used in medicine.
Perennial plants: stamens and style exsert
Roots slender: leaf-blades 5-divided ua 5- Er olrdinsO A and Styles exserted.
etals and anthers greenish-white: sepals linear-subu lat
fruit about 6 mm. long.
pes E pd anthers yellow: sepals ovate: fruit about 3
2. S. gregaria.
E
. S. marylandica.
Roots tuberous ‘thickened : ee blades 3-divided or 3-foliolate:
stamens and style short-exserted. 3. S. Smallii.
Biennial Dn stamens and style include A
Pedicels of the staminate flowers 3-4 times the length of the
hypanthium and calyx: a with 2 pam oil tubes. 4. S. trifoliata.
‘ e
hypanthium and calyx: seed with 5 mate oil- tubes.
Leaf-blades becoming 8-15 cem. udi leaflets or leaf-
segments thin, the teeth weakly aculeate. 5. S. canadensis.
Leaf-blades mostly less than 6 em. bud. leaflets or leaf-
segments thickish, the teeth spinulose-cuspi idate. 6. S. floridana.
1. S. marylandica L. Stem 4.5-13 dm. tall, mostly simple below the infio-
rescence: leaves bluish- Ne m of seale- like bractlets: petals slightly
longer than the sepals: fruit obovoid,
not stipitate.— ( BLACK-SNAKEROOT.) —Hieh
woods and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to
Miss., Colo., Alb., Ont t.; and Newf.
. gregaria Bicknell. Stem 3-9 tall,
widely branched: leaves bright-gre "n
volueels of foliaceous pus uie. m
longer than the sepals: broadly ob-
ovoid, stipitate.—Moist w m and thickets,
various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Kans., Nebr., Wis., and Vt.
S. Smallii Bicknell. be 2.5-6 s tall,
wW idely branched: lea pale-green: in-
volucels of very E E actlets: Ta
966 AMMIACEAE
de longer than the sepals, greenish: fruit ovoid.—Rieh soil or rocky woods,
arious provinces, Fla. to Miss., Mo., and N. C.
4. S. trifoliata Bicknell. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: divisions of the leaf ovate or
rhombic: involuere of foliaceous bracts: petals gre eenish: fruits ellipsoid or
broader, 7 mm. long at maturity.—Rieh woods, various provinces N of Co astal
Plain, Tenn. to Ind., Ont., Vt., and Me.
5. S. canadensis L. Stem 3-13 dm. tall: divisions of the leaf-blade cuneate-
obovate to narrowly elliptic: involuer re of minute bracts: petals greenish: fruit
ei E 3-5 mm. long, very short-stipitate-——Rich woods and thickets,
arious provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Minn. and N. H.—Apparently not m
Canada as the name implies.
6. S. floridana Bicknell. Similar to S. canadensis in habit, bod smaller through-
out: divisions of the leaf-blades abruptly cuneate with con sides: involuere
of very small or minute bracts: petals green: fruit a qoe that of S.
ae Rcs dud soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C.
2a. BOWLESIA R. & P. Annual eaulescent ilie with stellate pubes-
cence. Leaves opposite: blades merely lobed. Flowers in simple, few-flow-
er ed umbels which terminate axillary peduncles. Sepals 5, prominent. Corolla
h flat.
dorsally ae. the face essentially flat.—
About a dozen species, mostly South Ameri-
ean.
1. B. septentrionalis Coult. & aE Stems
n 0.5—6 dm
te, 1.5-3 em. bro
thin 5-lobed, slender-petioled: P
short peduneled 1-4-flowered l; fruit about 2
n. long, s sessile or Hoo E —Rieh soil, marshes, Swamps; and woods, various
De ees, La. to Calif. —Bpr.
3. DAUCUS [Tourn.] L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaf-blades pin-
nately decompound. Umbels compound. Involucres and involueels various,
or wanting. Sepals minute or obsolete. Petals white or rarely colored, often
unequal, broadest above the middle, inflexed at the apex. ruit longer than
broad: earpels with 5 low primary ribs and 4 winged seeondary ribs which are
also armed with a row of barbed vada oil-tubes solitary under the secondary
ribs and 2 on the inner face.—About 25 species, widely distributed.— Cannors.
Carpels broadest at the middle; wings divided into 12 or more pus a
1 arota
Carpels broadest below the middle; wings parted into 1-8 flat
prickles. 2. D. pusillus.
1. D. a L. Stem bristly-hispid, erect, 4—12 dm. tall, often branched,
eae "leaf. -segments acute or cuspidate, cleft or toothed: ‘rays of the com-
AMMIACEAE 967
pound umbel Pipa eee white or
rarely pink, few ach umbel larger
than the rest, “the sey puo often pur ple: |
petals very u dem suborbicular, unequally í ; Ly C) IN
cleft, crisped: fruit 3—4 mm. long, the car- / ]
he wings |
DEVIL UE.)—In fields p waste-
places, cus throughout N. A.; except the
extreme N and S. Nat of Eurasia.
-) pr. —fall The root of the culti-
vated plant is esculent.
. pusillus Michx. Stem retrorsely his-
2d py 1-8 dm. tall: umbels long-pedun-
cled: rays several or numerous, 1-2 cm. long,
nearly equal: corolla Ms or the central one larger and purple: fruit ovoid-
ius m id, 3—4 mm. long, the wings os into 1-8 flat prickles. Fields and
aste- pum various nc Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C., and Mo -Spr fall.
TORILIS Adans. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately decompound.
Usb poa Or se ading. Involueres of few bracts or wanting. Involu-
of or many narrow braets.
nds ne. P etals ae unequal. Car-
pels short, with 5 primary ribs and 4 winged
secondary ribs. Oil-tubes ad d under the
ibs and 2 in the inner face.—About 20 spe-
eies, natives of the Northern a
1. T. nodosa (L.) Gaertn. Plant diffuse,
the branches hispid, 1-4 dm. long: fruit
ovoid or elliptic- “ovoid, about 3 mm. long,
the outer ones spin -armed.— ( HEDGE-PARS-
LEY.)—Waste- rin various UN Fla.
to Tex., Ia., and Pa., ust in Calif. Nat. of
Eu. and Afr.—Spr.-sum.
9. SCANDIX [Tourn.] L. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately dis-
sected; umbel compound. Involucre wanting or nearly so. Involucel of several
entire lobed or dissected bractlets. Sepals
minute or obsolete. Petals white, unequal.
Fruit narrow, much elongate, the body pu
wanting: oil tubes solitary or wanting.—
About 10 species, natives of the Old World.
é
1. S. Pecten-Veneris L. Stem 1—5 dm. tall,
pubescent, come only branched at the base:
leaf-blades 2 or 3 pinnately dissected, the
lobes alos umbels usually paired or in
threes: fruit needle-like, erect, the body
narrow grooved, the beak 4-6 em. long,
068 AMMIACEAE
eiliate.—( VENUS'-COMB. LADY'S-COMB. CROW-NEEDLES.)—Waste- places, At-
ARR sea-ports, Ga. ings loeally to th Mou dons t. Native of
Eurasia.—(S. A.) Sum.-fall. —The shoots are a as
6. OSMORRHIZA Raf. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades ternately com-
pound, the segments broad. mbels loose, compound. Involucres and in-
volucels of few bracts or bractlets, or wanting. Sepals obsolete. Petals white,
inflexed at the apex. Fruits elongate: carpels 5-angled, with barely equal
ribs: oil-tubes obsolete or wanting. [Washingtonia Raf.]—About 15 species,
American and Asiatic.—Spr.—SWEET-CICELIES.
B ee of the leaf-blades with villous hairs: stylopodium and aaa about 1 oo
1. O. Clayton
Rachis PA the leaf-blades glabrous or with short hairs: stylo- il
and styles fully 3 mm. long 2. O. longistylis.
1. layto yn Been x.) DC. Roots slightly if at all aromatie: foliage vil-
ug s erect or ascending, 3-9 dm. tall, usually branched: leaf-
segments e a ute acuminate, Y
coarsely toothed, cleft, incised, or
umbel- 6, 2-5 em. long: ts of the
involueres and bractlets, linear to o g-
acute: corolla white, about 4 m
uit narrowly oblong, 18-20
e base. — (SWEE
d thickets, various provinces, rarely
Coastal ate Ala. to Kans., S. D., Ont.,
N. S., and N. C.
2. O. longistylis (Torr.) DC. e sweet-
aromatic: foliage glabrous qr finely pubes-
cent: o mainly a or oblong-
ovate, 5—10 em. long, acute or short-acumi- =
nate, coarsely serrate or incised, or even divided: umbel-rays usually 3-6, aF
ing: corolla white, 4-5 mm. broad: fruit narrowly oblong, 15-18 mm. long:
body longer than the slender very strigose base.—(ANISE-ROOT.)—Rich JAM
various provinces, Ala. to Colo., Assina., N. S., and N. C.
7. CEREFOLIUM [Rivin.] Haller. Annual herbs, resembling Chaero-
phyllum. Leaf-blades ternately decompound, the segments small. Umbels com-
elongate. Carpels more or less angled, bu
‘not ribbed: oil-tubes wanting. [Anthr iscus
Bernh.]—Few species, in the warm and tem-
perate parts oF the Old World.
1. C. Cerefolium (L.) Br itton. Plants 1 m
tall or less, often weak-stemmed: leaf-blades
broad, the segments rather numerous, thin:
umbe ls long- peu the rays few, 2-4
AMMIACEAE 969
mm. e p white, obovate, 1.5-2 mm. long: fruit linear-subulate, 8—10
mm. long, shining, s slender -beaked.— — (CHERVIL. ar plaees and roadsides,
various provinces, La. to Tenn., Ont., and Pa.—Nat. of Eu.—Spr.
8. CHAEROPHYLLUM [Tourn.] L. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades ter-
nately hu akan the segments narrow. Umbels Ls compound. In-
ona of 2 bracts, or usually wanting. Involucels of Pra small
raets. RON as Petals pees usually oc inflexed at the apex.
Fruit elongate: carpels 5-angled, the angles equally ribbed: oil- cre solitary
in the intervals and 2 in the inner na About 40 = i. mostly, of
the ` warmer parts of the north temperate zone. Spr.—CHERVIL
Fruit sometimes contracted below the apex, but beakless: DUM glabrous.
e less than e mm. broad, constricted below the apex 1. C. UCM ICI
Fruit fully . broad, not nd below the apex. 2. C. Shortéi
Fruit "baked" or DANG owed to the apex: plants more or less
t.
Fruit with the cay narrower than the intervals.
Fru T i 3. C. dasycarpum.
Fruit l 4. C. floridanum.
Fruit id. RET ribs broader than the intervals. 5. C. Teinturieri.
1. C. procumbens (L.) Crantz. Stem weak, deeumbent or spreading, 1-5 dm
long, simple or spa pean) branched: umbels few- -rayed, peduncled or nearly ses-
sile: Dei els els sometimes 8 mm. long, lax an
spreading: fruit M about 8 mm. long,
te
CHERVIL en woods an damp thickets
various provinces, Ala. to Ark., Kans.,
and N..Y.
2. C. Shortii (T. & G.) Bush. Stem 2-5
J
dm. Nr FUB A or decumbent, often
branched: umbels few-rayed, sessile or .
AE S fruit oblong, 5-6 mm. long, not !
eontraeted below the apex, the ribs narrower !
than the intervals. M i
various provinces, Tenn. to Va.
3. C. dasycarpum Nutt. Stem erect, 2-6 dm. tall, ree umbels sessile
Or Ead e the rays ascen ding or spreadin , 9—5 em. long: fruit nar-
pubes
ong, p cent, beaked, the ribs prominent, pio er than the
und inside: and thickets, Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex.
4. spud uae edu: i Rose) Bush. dnd kg nd dm. tall, glabrous
or somewhat pub mbels peduncled, the s 2- 5 em. long: fruit nar-
, 7 mm. long, rue the beak one-fourth or dpi -fifth as 8 long as the body.
Woods, Coastal Plein, Fla. to S. C.; (also in Mo.?).
5. C. Teinturiéri Hook. Stem erect, 2-7 dm. tall, more or less branched:
m sessile or short-peduncled: rays 2-3, 2— 5 em. long: fruit narrow, 6-7
. long, beaked, glabrous or nearly so, the ribs prominent, broader than the
mp * Thickets, eedar-glades, waste-places, and roadsides, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., Ky., and Va.
9. DERINGA Adans. Perennial herbs with fibrous roots. Leaf-blades
3-foliolate. Umbels irregular, compound. Involucres and involucels wanting.
970 AMMIACEAE
RON obsolete. Petals white. Fruit elon-
e: ds with 5 low ribs, and an oil-
E ben eaeh rib and in each inter-
e species.
1. D. canadensis (L.) nap ae gla-
or nearly so: stem 3- dm. tall,
finally widely branehed: leaf- blades i 3- folio- /
late: leaflets ovate, oval, or elliptic, 4—10 e
long, acute or abruptly pointed, doubl y Ser-
rate ee sharp teeth, the 1 ateral ones often
lobed: umbels pe eduncled: rays few, slender,
une ur in length: pedicels 2-25 mm. long:
vidus white, 2— broad: fruit oblong
lon g, straight, or curved at full É
4—6 mm.
maturity (Ho capa ORT. Erud and rich woods, various provinces, Ga. to
—Spr.-sum.
, S. D., and N
10. HYDROCOTYLE [Tourn.] L. Perennial amphibious herbs. Lea
solitary at each node. Umbels simple or proliferous. Sepals manifest. Petals
valvate, white. Carpels with distinet ribs, and oil-bearing tissues beneath the
epidermis.—About 75 species, widely distributed.—Sum. or all year S.—Marsu-
PENNYWORTS. WATER-PENNYWORTS. NAVELWORTS.—Some species are used
medicinally.
Leaf-blades suborbicular to transversely elliptic, peltate.
Fruit notched at the base and the apex at maturity: intermediate ribs corky.
mbels not proliferous, at least ee normally so. 1. H. umbellata.
Umbels or most of them prolifer
Peduncle produced ns 2 the first umbel as a single
rachis, bearing o r more umbels beyond it. 2. H. Canbyi.
Peduncle produced heed the noe as oe
and ae aring several more or less prolifer
mb 3. H. bonariensis.
Fruit rounded m the base and the apex or cuneate at the
EU e: intermediate ribs not corky, very slender.
uit rounded or nae at the base, not cuneate. 4. H. verticillata.
Fru uit cuneate at the bas 5. H. australis.
Leaf-blades reniform to : r Cub not peltate
Umbel long- -peduncled : leaf-blades deeply lo bed. 6. H. ranunculoides.
Umbel nearly sessile: leaf-blades shallowly lobed. T. H. americana.
1. H.u Hata L. Leaf- Pas eee 2—5 em. wide, crenate or crenate-
lobed: tie slender, 4-12 long: fruit oe 3 mm. wide, with corky-
thickened ribs.—Swam mps, mea aus ditches
and low pinelands, various provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Minn., and Mass.—(JV. I., Mer.,
C. A., S 350. dd
2. H. Canbyi Coult. & Rose. Leaf-blades
1.5-4 em. wide, a dis) lobed:
PNG im 4 mm. long: fruit between 3 and
—Dam mp places, 2e sandy
"a ‘Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. J.
H. bonariensis Lam. Leaf-blades de-
eng orbicular to orbicular-reniform,
-9.5 em. Sr pA lobed the lobes
: vide.—Was
Do ord: and a. po Plain,
Fla. to Tex., Tenn, and N. ‘CM. rm Mer., C. A., 8. A.)—Often grows very
A e forms ROS ANE masses,
ena AaS ee A Neen WEEKEND ee ee ghee ye r et ye S a
of persistent or deciduous narrow bracts.
AMMIACEAE 971
4. H. verticillata Thunb. Leaf- op EA to oval, E. -6 em. wide,
shallowly erenate: pedicels very short ing: fruit 3—4 mm. wide, with
slender ribs.—Low grounds, pio and ier Coastal Plain d adj. pro
inces, Fla. to Tex., Ark. and Mas
5. H. australis Coult. & Rose. Similar to H. Canbyi in Pas fruit slightly
aes than long.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. Tex. and Va.
(W. I.)
6. H. ranunculoides L. f. Leaf-blades De - prd reniform, 2-5 em.
wide, deeply lobed: petals over 1 mm. long: fru 5-3 mm. wide, obscurely
ribbed, Dares in ai etion.—Swamps, ditches, shallow ponds, and m uddy
shores, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., nd Pa.; also Pacific Coast.—
(W. L, C. 4, o. 3j
7. H. americana L. Leaf-blades reniform, 2—5 em. wide, erenate-lobed; petals
less than 1 mm. long: fruit 1-1.5 mm. wide, sharply ribbed, oval in eross-
section.— ( MARSH-PENNY WORT. )—Moist thickets, wet banks, and swamps,
various provinces, Coastal Plain only N, N. o Tenn., Minn., and N. 8.
11. CENTELLA L. Perennial amphibious plants. Leaves clustered at
the nodes. Umbels capitate. Sepals obsolete. Petals imbricate, white.
Carpels without large oil-tubes, the promi-
nent ribs anastomosing.—About 20 species,
most abundant in Southern Afriea.
1. C. repanda (Pers.) Small Leaves clus-
tered; PE erect, 9-30 em. long (about
2.5 em. long, and with tee fruit, in
C. d ' floridana) ; blades thickish,
ovate, 2-6 em. long, repa m cordate
or nearly tr uneate at "ins base: peduneles
bels
wide. Hydrocotyle b anda Pers.]—
Moist pinelands, lake-sho di and shallow
ponds, ue Plain, Fla. o Tex., and Md.
—(W. I., Mex., C dj “fall, or all year S.
12. CYNOSCIADIUM DC. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately or
palmately divided into narrow segments, or the basal leaves with entire blades:
ce
e
epals persistent. Petals white, broadest
above the middle. Fruit elongate: carpels
with strong ribs, the lateral ribs more
prominent: oil-tubes solitary in each inter-
val or two in the inner face.—About 10
species, natives of the north temperate zone.
C. digitatum DC. Plant 2-6 dm. tall:
leaf-blades, or segments, linear to linear-
MD gic tk F 1-3.5 em. long:
pediee fruit beaked.—Wet E
gr uis poen Pla and adj. provinces, Ala. to Tex. and Ark.—Spr.-sum.
972 AMMIACEAE
13. CORIANDRUM [Tourn.] L. Annual slender herbs. Leaf-blades
pinnately dissected. Umbels compound. Involucres wanting. Sepals acute,
unequal. Petals white, often unequal, broa
est above the middle. Fruit sub- por
not constricted at the commissure: carpels
with 5 delicate ribs: oil-tubes solitary under
the secondary ribs.—Two species, natives of
the Old World.
sativum L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: blades
of the lower cauline and basal leaves with
coarse-toothed, incised, or lobed segments,
those of the upper leav ves with narrowly
linear segments: umbel-rays 4—8, 12-21 mm.
long: P on 1-3 mm. long: fruit subglo-
bose or ovoid- “globose, 3-3.5 mm. long: car-
ae slightly 1 ribbed- (ContaNpzR.)— Waste
places and cult. rounds, in and about town
and cities, nearly Lid H S. Nat. of Eurasia.—Sum.—The fruit is used
S cipe and as a condim
14. LIGUSTICUM L. Perennial herbs with large roots. Leaf-blades
v do eg Umbels compound. Involueres of a few narrow bracts.
Involucres of a few narrow bracts. In-
volucels of numerous narrow bractlets.
Sepals obsolete. Petals white, broadened
t s elo
tubes in each interval ——About 20 species,
natives of the Northern Hemisphere.
l. L. canadense (L.) Britton. Stem 5-20
dm. tall: s elliptie, elliptic- oval, or
ovate, 3-8 e ong, n) toothed: fruit
- ellipsoid, oval, or ovate, 4-6 mm. long, the
ribs d
ed. — (A
Lov. —Dry or rich woods, various pro
inces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., “Mo. and Pa.—Sum.—tThe root is
aromati 1C.
15. LILAEOPSIS Greene. Perennial herbs, with ereeping stems. Leaves
clustered, reduced to terete clavate, separate organs, sometimes dilated above.
Bracts of the involucre several Umbels several- -flowered, sim Sepals
thick corky lateral ribs and filiform dorsal and intermediate ribs or all some-
times corky, with oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. [Crantzia Nutt.]—About
Peduncles Surpassing the leaves: fruit pinched at the base; lateral ae dnd ey
1. L. lineata
` Peduncles shorter than the leaves: fruit not pinched at the
base; all ribs corky. 2. L. carolinensis.
1. L. lineata (Michx.) Greene. Stem creeping in the mud: s 2-5 e
long; petioles dilated DT usually linear-spatulate, barely nunca bit.
AMMIACEAE
Eua. Hur M eed cross- n e Pus
duncles 3—7 em. long, su
frit, orbieular- -ovoid, ees near the base
abou . long, the lateral ribs corky, the
dorsal pug at all eorky. [Crantzia ears
tt.]—Salt or brackish marshes. and lov
unds, Coastal Plain and New England
Coast, Fla. to Miss. and Mas
2. L. pigrum. Cou &
.0 em.
suborbieular or oval-orbicular,
long, not pinched near the base ; all the ribs eorky.—Low grounds, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to N. C.
16. SPERMOLEPIS Raf. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades finely dissected.
Umbels compound. Involucres wanting. Involucels of few narrow bracts.
Sepals minute or obsolete. Petals white.
pels with 5 prominent or obsolete ribs: oil-tubes solitary in the intervals and
sometimes under each rib, except in the inner side where there are two.—Four
Species, natives of North America.—Spr.
Fruit tubercled.
Umbel-rays divaricate, the pr m ones mostly 3 or 4. S. even ee:
Umbel-rays erect or nearly s eet ones mostly 6- 8. A S. pa
Fruit covered with short bristly “hooked hair 3. S. PE
. S. divaricata (Walt. Raf. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, often widely branched,
sometimes diffusely so, the branches nA slender or l5 filiform: leaf-blades
2-8 ately
m. lon tyi e t 2 M
pas ^ oe narrowly iu or fili-
ou :
ndy soil, various pounce. Fla.
o N. M., Kans., and N. C.
S. patens (Nutt.) B. L. Robinson.
a 2—6 ~ Pai segments filiform:
fruit ovoid, t 1 mm. long, granular.—
*3
Dry soil, ous ONU. Tenn. to Tex
Nebr., and In d.
3. S. echinata (Nutt.) Heller. Stem 1-5
; tall, more of less diffusely branched:
leaf-b ades 1-6 em. long; twice
inea
thriee pinnately ipd cus narrowly
linear or filiform: umbe slender-peduncled, slender,
more or less variable in ae a white, les qw" 1. mm. DM frui t
pe below the middle,
obsole
ong, are with hooked bristles, the ribs
te.—Dry soil, various uc Ala. to Tex., Calif., and Mo.—(Mez
17. ERIGENIA Nutt. Perennial herbs with tuberous roots. Leaf-blades
ternately decompound. Umbels few-rayed, compound. Involucres usually of a
974 AMMIACEAE
single bract. Sepals obsolete. Petals white,
bro
pels with 5 -delicate ribs: oil-tubes 2-3 in
each interval.—-One species.
1. E. bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Plant 5-20
OF-SPRING. PEPPER-AND- SALT. )— Rich open
woods and thickets, Karo E rarely
Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss., Kans., Minn.,
Ont., and Md.— ï.
18. CONIUM L. Biennial large herbs with spotted stems. Leaf-blades
broad, pinnately decompound. Umbels compound, the rays unequal. Invo-
lueres and involucels inconspicuous, of en-
dle, inflexed at Hon apex. Fruit short au D
UM carpels with prominent wavy ribs:
oil-tubes wanting.—One species.
1. C. maculatum L. Plant 1-2 m. tall, the
stem usually much rE e -blades
-
d, th gments very numerous; umbels
rather long-peduncled; rays g
petals white, o e or euneate, a
ng: fruit ovoi
long. — (PoISON-HEMLOCK.) — — Waste e-place
sete ape and roadsides, various een Ala. to Tex., x Ont., and
Del; also on Pacifie Coast. Nat. of Eu. —(W. I., Mez., C. A. S. A.)—Sum.
— The n. is used medicinally.
19. AEGOPODIUM L. Perennial eaulescent herbs. Leaf-blades ternate,
d. or
the leaflets or segments large, toothe Umbel compound, the rays equa
nearly so. Involucres and involucels of nar- ~
bracts and braetlets, or wanting.
Sepals minute or obsolete. Petals white, :
angles margined: oil-tubes wanting.—One
species.
1. A. Podagraria L. Plant 3-11 dm. tall,
pida or P branched: leaflets us
d o
long: petals e obo vate. Or ” orbieular-
AMMIACEAE 975
obovate, 1-1.5 mm. long: fruit conic- oy about 4 mm. long.—(GOUTWEED.)
— Waste- places, merase. and thickets, N. C. to Pa. and Mass.—Nat. of Eu.—
um.—A form with variegated ee ‘is used in Seni g.
20. EULOPHUS Nutt. Perennial herbs with tuberous roots. Leaf-blades
ternately compound. Umbels compound. Involuere wanting or of 1 bract
Involucels usually of 2 bracts. Sepals promi- |
nent. Petals white or pink, broadest above
the middle, inflexed at the tip. Fruit some-
what elongate, laterally flattened: carpels
delicately ribbed: oil-tubes 2-5 in the inter-
vals.—About 8 species, North American.
E. americanus Nutt. Plant 8-15 dm
fruit elliptic or elliptic- -ovoid, 4-6 mm.
long.—Low grounds, various ee Tenn,
to Ark., Kans. and Ohio.—Sum
21. CICUTA L. Perennial herbs with tuberous roots. Leaf-blades pin-
nately compound or decompound. Umbels compou Involucres of few
bracts or wanting. Involucels of several small Ene Sepals acute. Petals
white. Fruit short: carpels with 5 corky ribs, and one oil-tube in each interval
and 2 in the inner faee.—About 8 species, of the North-temperate zone.—
dir cc ee roots are poisonous.
Fruit ridged at the commissure, typically oval or ovoid. 1. C. maculata.
mos a ed at the commissure, typically subglobose or reniform-
lobos 2. C. Curtissii.
. C. maculata L. Plant Stout, 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades 1-6 dm. long, the
veins ending in the notches of the segments: fruit with lateral ribs ‘manifestly
much larger than the others and wedge-
i
low-gr oe and river- dap various prov-
inees, Miss. to Tex., Man., Ont., N. B., and
N. C.
2. C. C i nen Es It. & Rose. Plan
sembling C. lata, but lbs pus and
more S ME leaf-segment with
apparently equal ribs, the ‘ateral ones
neither wedge-shaped tiguous.—
He ME nd low grounds, PUE Plain and
adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., (Ky. 4),
and Va., also represented "by sporadic sta-
tions as far North as Nova Sco
22. SIUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf- p ns Essi in com-
pound. Umbels compound. Involucres and involueels of narrow bracts and
bractlets. Sepals small, acute. Petals white. Fruit stout, scat: laterally
976 AMMIACEAE
flattened: carpels ribbed, the intervals with 1-3 oil-tubes. Seed 5-angled.—
About 8 species, natives of the north temperate zone.
Blades ue the leaflets saliently sharp-serrate or incised: larger petals about 1 mm.
long: n a rge, the terminal ones at least 5 cm. or more
wide in 1. S. cicutaefolium.
Blades of me leafiets appressed-serrate: larger petals much
. e than 1 m pis ng: u unes small, the terminal ones, at l
least, 4 cm. wide r less 2. S. floridanum,
1. S. cicutaefolium Schrank. Plant 6-19 dm. tall, glabrous: stem stout, spar-
ingly branched: stipular ig aang at of the petiole auriculate at the
top: leaflets 7-17; blades linear to Q
anceolate, or rar rely wider, finely, or ib
y ind s
2 mm. wide: :
long bonum 10-ribbed.—( WAT TER-PARS-
xi) —Swamps, marshes, and ponds, various
od N. C. to La., Calif., and S Can
Sum.-fall.
2. S. floridanum Small. Plant smaller and
ia
j base of
oblique at the top: leaflets 3—11; blades
ovate, elliptic or elliptic- To Li oe -serrate: umbel-rays fili-
form: larger corollas less than 2 e: fruit not seen.—Swamps and
i E the Chipola River, Fla.
Herbs resembling Daucus in habit and inflorescence.
Leaf- vm finely divided or dissected. Flowers perfect, very numerous in com-
pound umbels. Involucres and involucels abc] the braets of the former, at
least, divided. Sepals obsolete. Petals white, very unequal, eleft at the apex.
Fruit short: carpels 5-angled, with prominent ribs and an oiltube in each
interval.—Seven species, natives of the Old World.—(BISHOP'S-WEEDS.)
Leaf-segments numerous, very narrowly linear or filiform and entire: umbel-rays
concreted into a disk-like structure at the base 1. A. Visnaga.
Leaf-segments few, at least in the lower voile slightly broadened
and toothed : umbel- -rays uot concreted at the bas 2. A. majus.
1. A. Visnaga a (L. Stem 5-12 dm. tall: mature umbels and umbellets
n the concrete bases of s. n of p latter 3—4 mm. broad: fruit
2—2.5 lon
place AQ
Gulf State E to "N. & Nat. of ms
Spr
jus L. Stem 3- V dm. tall: mature
bases of n. ma of the eee barely
broad: fruit 1.5-2 mm. lo ng.— Waste places
Coastal Plain, Ala. to Tex f
and cult.—The plants of these peret of
Ammi, like those of very y sp ru
ther genera of this family, espeeially those
of the Old World, e been us sm
aborigines and medical men, in all coun-
tries.
AMMIACEAE 977
4. TREPOCARPUS Nutt. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately decom-
pound. Umbels compound. Involucre usually present. Sepals unequal.
Petals white, broad. Fruit elongate: ear-
pels with 4 secondary ribs, the primary
ribs wanting: oiltubes solitary under the
secondary ribs.—One species.
t
smesse |
Ae D
Aethusae Nutt. ESO em En dm. tall,
ECHHIEEEECERH OYP
4444
ee Lt
attt LIT
te
—
t
equal to them in length, the d short-
gm r, n
petioled, the se — narrowly lin en
or incised: umbe z commonly long- N
peduncled: rays 2- 5, becoming 1-2 cm. long: E
E ers den ew in each. etc fruit ML | A 2
8-10 long, sharply ribbed.—Dry soil, a C 3
Coastal "Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. p 5
Tex., Okla., and Ark sum.
25. PTILIMNIUM Raf. Annual, faintly-scented, slender herbs. Leaf-
blades jos -pinnately or -ternately divided, the ultimate segments entire or
nearly so. Umbels compound. Involueres and involucels of several very
slender, entire or pinnate bracts, and bractlets. Sepals small, broad or nar-
row. Petals white, each with a broad body and a short entire inflexed apex.
Stylopodium nM or elongate. Fruit short, as wide as long or nearly
so: carpels with prominent separated dorsal and intermediate ribs and thick
corky lateral n oil-tubes small between each rib. Seed terete-angled, the
inner face convex. or gowns are the only EDONA species—Mock BISHOP’S-
Sepals deltoid, often broadly s | . 1. P. capillaceum.
Sepals subulate to narrowly Pm eolat
Styles long, much longer tah "o E stylopodium
ovoid, together with the styles over mm. long: leaf-
blades rather long-petioled. 2. P. costatum.
Styles short, about as long as the stylopodium : ena
depressed, together with the styles, less than 1 mm. lon
leaf-blades short-petioled. 3. P. Nuttallü.
1. PR. peers uuu x.) Raf. Plant 2-8 dm. tall: leaf-segments relatively
few and lax: um ys few-several, less than 2.5 em. long at maturity: braets
lobed: zi her pos mm. long, ac acute.
—Wet s marshes, swamps, and ditches,
various sa e) Fla. to Tex. Kans., and
ass.
2. P. costatum (Ell) C. & R. Plant 8-16
dm. tall: leaf-se segments auld linear,
numerous, en not crowded: umbel-rays
stout, over 3 e at maturity: bracts
entire or lobed: ` petals fully ] mm. long:
fruit ovoid, mm. long or Los ‘longer,
not MEC E at the apex ee
Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C.—Sum.—fall.
3. P. Nuttallii (DC.) Britton. Plant 3-7
dm. tall: leaf-segments almost eapillary,
b
978 | AMMIACEAE
not very numerous, lax: umbel-rays slender, mostly over E em. long at matur-
ity: bracts entire: petals less than 1 mm. long: fruit ovoid, 1.5 mm. long or
ae barely cu at the apex.—Swamps and damp “hillsides, various prov-
nces, Ala. to Tex., Kans. and Ill.—Spr.-fall.
26. HARPERELLA Rose. Perennial pros eaulescent herbs. Leaves
alternate, reduced to terete jointed phyllo Flowers perfect, in compound
nvolueres and involucels inconspicuous. Sepals acute, slightly un-
ud Petals white, broad. Stylopodium short. Fruit oval, flattened later-
ally: earpels rather prominently 5-angled: oil-tubes solitary in the intervals
j hr
and 2 in the inner side.—Three species, natives of the southeastern United
States
Basal and lower ee leaves mostly over 2 dm. long: corolla ge mm. wide:
fruit about 1.5 mm. wide. . H. nodosa.
Basal and lower ‘cauiine leaves mostly less than 1.5 em. long:
corolla 1-1.5 m wide: fruit about 1 mm. wide. 2. H. fluviatilis.
1. H. nodosa Rose. Plant stout, stiff, 3-13 dm. tall, rather freely e
the stem fluted: basal and lower cauline um mostly 2—4.5 dm. long, withou
bulblets in the axils: peduncles elongat
ddr) —4 em.
1-2.5 em
dos anthers barely 0.5 mm. long: fru
abe ut 1.5 mm. wide Wis iod. der
Plain, S W Ga.—Spr.-
2. H. fluviatilis Rose. Plant slender, weak,
1-3 dm. tall, sparingly ee the stem
angled: basal and lower leaves
rm 1-1.5 dm a ng, Be utes in their
axils: peduncles ‘short, . long:
umbel-rays 2-5, becom cd p T long:
o. 1-1.5 mm. wide: anthers eee 0.3
mm. long: fruit about 1 mm. Y wide.—Rocky
beds of streams, in the Appalachian prov-
inees in Ala — Sum. —fall.
27. CHLERI Adans. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnate or
ternately decompound. Umbels compound. Involueres ACE or wanting.
Sepals obsolete or minute. Petals white,
road. Fruit somewhat smooth or biberon:
late: earpels 5-angle 5-ribbed, with h
oil-tube in each PES or 2 in the i
face.—About 5 species, widely sectas
1. C. A (L.) Britton. d 2—9
dm. leaf-segments cuneate sub-
orbieuar, pue and toothed: ar 0.5-1
long: fruit ovoid, about 1.5 mm. long.
wre graveolens L. ]— (CELERY. )—W aste-
places a Wo s the coast, various
provinces, n N. d Calif. and Va.—
Nat. of Eu. e — Used in pem
The blanched js are MR
AMMIACEAE 979
CYCLOSPERMUM Lag. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades
pinnately or ternately decompound. Umbels compound. Involucre present or
wanting. Sepals obsolete or minute. Petals white, broad. Fruit somewhat
smooth or tuberculate: carpels 5-angled or ribbed with 1 oiltube in each inter-
val or two in the inner face. [Apiwm L. in part]—4A bout 6 species, natives of
the Old World.—Spr.-sum
Leaf-blades ternate; segments linear-filiform to filiform. 1. C.A
Leaf-blades pinnate; segments ovate, oval, or elliptic. 2., C. 200 A
1. C. Ammi (L.) Britton. Stem erect, 1-6 dm. tall, more or less branched:
leaf-blades ternately divided; segments filiform or narrowly linear, acute:
ud ains 4 than 1 mm. broad: fruit
val o void-o 1.5-2 mm. long, pd
)EF
Muell. |—(MansH-P PARSLE oa mee and
waste-places, various ee Fla. ur.
Mo. and N. Y.—(W. I., Mez., C. a
2. C. nodiflorum (L.) Koch. Stem pros-
trate, often creeping, 3~7 dm. long, un ene
branched: leaf-blades pinnately compound,
5-10 em. long; leaflets oblong, ovate-lanceo-
e eeolate,
mbels opposite the leaves 1.5-3 em. broad,
E -peduncled: brac tlets of the rare
5—6: corolla white, about 1 mm. broad: fruit
oval or orbicular- -oval, about 2 mm. 1
Ditches and waste- -places, near Co ten S. C. and other seaport towns.
Nat. of Eu. :
29. BUPLEURUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades
entire. Umbels compound. Involuere wanting (in our species). Involucels
i aded of entire braetlets. Sepals ob-
etals broad, yellow or greenish.
PM elliptie or oval: earpels with slender
ribs and no oil-tubes in our species.—A bout
65 species, widely distributed.
. B.rotundifolium L. ME 3—10 dm. tall:
leaf-blades ovate or elliptie, 2-8 em. long,
: corolla yellow: Tri it 3-3. 5 mm.
long, o 2.5 mm. broad.—(HARE'S-EAR.
THOROUGH-WAX. ) — Roadsides, fields, and
T -places various DN. s N of Coastal
Plain, Ala. to Ariz., S. D., N. H., and N. C.
Nat. of Eu.
30. THASPIUM Nutt. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades 3-foliolate or ter-
nately compound, or those of the basal leaves sometimes simple. Umbels com-
pound. Involuere of few bracts. Involucels of many bracts. Sepals present.
980 AMMIACEAE
Petals yellow or rarely purple. Fruit longer than wide: carpels with winged
ribs and oil-tubes solitary in the intervals.—Only the following species known.—
Sum.—MEADOW-PARSNIPS.
Petal- Dm ls than 1 mm. long: leaves with ternate blades: leaflets relatively
thick, 1. T. trifoliatum.
Petal- blades. o. a 1 long: leaves with biternate blades:
leaflets relatively "thin. incised or lobed.
Peduncles and umbel- rays glabrous, except at the nodes, or
mer UE PUE fruits, between the wings, glabrous,
5-6 mm. long: leaves 1-2 ternate. 2. T. barbinode.
Peduncle Eu umbel-rays Sabre ns pubescent: fruits, be-
tw the wings, D d pubescent, 4-5 mm,
jon: Sioa res 2-3-te
Blades ‘of the leaflets eee divided, the ultimate a
ments or teeth of an ovate type: styles about 2 m
long: petals about 1.5 mm. long. 3. T. Chapmanii.
Blades of the leafiets finely divided, the ultimate seg-
ments or teeth of a lanceolate type: styles about 1
mm. long: petals about 1 mm. long. 4. T. pinnatifidum.
1. T. trifoliatum (L.) A. Gray. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, sparingly branched, often
zigzag: leaf-blades various, those of the basal or lower stem-leaves ovate and
undivided or 3-foliolate; segments ovate to
senio) serrate; petioles slender, often
longer than the blades: upper stem-leaves
similar to the divided basal leaves; petioles
r
ength: conos dark- pe ae an in
T. trifoliatum aureum): fruit
long, the ribs prominently w Bon Mae
MEADOW-PARSNIP.)— Woods, bluffs, stream-
banks, and sunny slopes, various provinces,
Fla. i Miss., Wyo., Ill., and R. I.—Sum
T. o arena Nutt. Stem 3-12
; leaflets
eoarsely cut; ultimate segments ne those of the upper leaves mostly 3- z
em. long, coarsely toothed: mature umbels 3—6 cm. jar d about 3 m
vide, pale- or light-yellow: fruit el ed or oval, vndis long, e Do
us qam wider than the dorsal —A for with pinnatifid leaf-
segments grows in Ala.—Wooded hillsides a streams- wm various pus inces,
rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., Kans., Ont., and N. Y.— pr. sum.
3. T. Meuse ue (C. & R.) Small. Stem 8-15 dm. tall, often much-branched,
pubeseent at the nodes and sometimes sparingly so along the internodes: leaf-
blades 2— P A leafle ts much eut; ultimate segments r relatively small, those
of the upper i es mos stly 1-2.5 em. lon , incised-toothed or pinnati e à: mature
umbels 2.5—7 vide: eorolla light yellow, fruit elliptic or oval, 4-5 mm
long, the lateral win s much wider than the dorsal ones.—River- dog's, ot
and hillsides, ood Plain and Piedmont, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.-sum.
. T. pinnatifidum (Buckl) A. Gray. Stem 5—12 dm. tall, finely pubescent
about the nodes and sometimes also along the woods leaf siege bis
nd w
3-ternate ; Tents finely cut an ith rn divisions; ultim segm
small, those of the upper leaves pinnatifid, lobes usually lanceolate Jede
a nbels 3—4 em. gen bre light i Qs ellipsoid, 3-4 mm. long, all
ribs narr ms —Woods, hillsides and river-banks, Blue Ridge to
ee Low Pinas dus to Ky. a nd N. C.—Spr.-
AMMIACEAE 981
31. TAENIDIA Drude. Perennial herbs with fibrous roots. Leaf-blades
pinnate or ternately compound. Umbels compound. Involueres and involucels
wanting: sepals obsolete or minute. Petals
9, their tips inflexed. . Fruit oblong: carpels
o-angled, with slender ribs and 3 oil-tubes
in the intervals. Seeds nearly terete except
the flat face.—One species.
. T. integerrima (L.) Drude. Plant 3-9
dm. tall, from a tough root: leaflets ovate
to elliptic or bus E te, 1-3 em.
long, entire mbel-r 10-20, elongate:
ide sellos fnit deem ellipsoid, 3.5—4
long. — (YELLOW-PIM PERNEL.) — Rocky
hillsides and sandy aod various provinces,
rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. "to La., Minn. and
Que.—Spr.
32. ZIZIA ee Perennial erect herbs.
nately compound, e basal ones sometimes
central Mac llet MA Involueres wantin UM
Sepals prominent. Petals yellow. Fruit somewhat elongate, laterally flat-
tened: carpels with 5 slender wingless ribs and an oiltube in each interval
and sometimes under each rib.—Following are the only known species.—Spr.—
sum.—MEADOW-PARSNIPS.
Blades of the basal leaves merely toothed cordate. 1. Z. cordata.
Blades Ys the basal leaves ternately compound.
Blades of the basal leaves 2-ternate. 2. Z. aurea.
Blades of the basal leaves 1-ternate.
Blade of the terminal leaflet much longer than wide, with
few or relatively few Blunt teeth.
ur Ard i ae ee id, 44.5 mm. long: longer umbel-
fone at maturi ty. 3. Z. arenicola.
Fruit suborbleujar E broader uum ed to ovoid-
dy 3-3.5 mm. long: longer umbel-rays 6-11 cm.
"ra pm rity. 4. Z. Bebbii.
Blade of tme Sna. leaflet about as wide as long or wider,
vith ma sharp salient teeth, 5. Z. latifolia.
1. Z. cordata en DC. Stem 4-10 dm. tall, pale-green: leaf-blades vari-
ous, those of the basal leaves ovate « or suborbicular, 3-10 cm. long, crenate,
io the x
PARSNIP. )—Woods, thiekets, and prairies,
Mie provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga.
o Mo., Ore., Alb., and Conn.
2. Z. a (L.) Koch. Stem 3-8 dm. tall,
sim m Ae Or p anched above leaf-blades E
to thrice ternately compound, those of the
basal and lower uS leaves iu T
those of the upper stem-leaves once tern
on short winged petioles; iue be -ovate to lanceolate, 2-8 cm. long,
982 AMMIACEAE
D. d umbel 3-6 cm. broad: rays 9-25, stiff, ascending, Moa =
Ms rolia. oo 3-3.5 mm. broad: frui t ellipse oid, 4-4.5 mm. lon
(Gon N-ALEXAD —Meadows, woods, and ee various d cen
uds 001 Plain, A to Tex., Sask., Ont., and N
Z. arenicola Rose. Stem 4-7 dm. tall, sparingly branched above: leaf-
n once ternately d leaflets 1-6 c . long, the blades oval or ovate
to laneeolate, often rounded at the a coarsely toothed: umbels long-
Vide rays few, slender, pi Sa .5-2.5 em. long, erect or ascend-
t ovoid to ellipsoi 4—4.5 . long, ico ribbed.—Dry woods,
e “Plain, N Fla. and adj. Ga.
4. Z. Bebbii (Coult. & Rose) Britton. jn often tufted, 1-8 dm. tall, sim-
le.or branching, dark-green: leaf-blades A
ones long-pe etioled, the upper with winged Sa oles: leaflets 1-7.5 em. long
blades thickish, oval, elliptic, or lanceolate, serrate or crenate: umbels slender-
2, filiform, ual,
DE mm. lon ne
spreading: fruit suborbieular or broader than hi gh, t ovoid-orbieular, 3-3.5
mm. long or rarely smaller.— Woods, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, N. C.
to Tenn., W. Va., and Va.
5. Z. latifolia Small. Stem mostly dm. tall, etimes sparingly
ed pubeseent at the d E EUR 3- ERN pen o except
e uppermost; leaflets 3-6.5 cm. long, the blades ovate, suborbicular orbicu-
de niform, uds and s TF Wm d, exeept at the broadly one or
truncate base: umbels stout-peduncled; rays oo. usually 6-12, mostly
2—
near Bristol, Fla
33. APIUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves alternate:
blades 1-3- e the leaflets toothed, incised or lobed. Umbels compound.
epals minut obsolet Petals smal!
yellow, very " M exeepting the bent tip.
Fruit slightly flattened laterally: carpels
with 5 slender ribs, with a single oil-tube
in each interval and 2 in the inner face.—
About 5 species, European.
1. A. Petroselinum L. Stem 2-5 dm. tall:
od d linear or linear-filiform, or
those of the basal nay es cuneate: petals
mostly E than 1 mm. long: fruit ovoid,
3.5—4 long. — TORRES ACHE.) —
)
Waste- place and cult. pene various
provinces, N. C. to Tex. and Ont. =a Ls
Nat. of. Eu .—Sum.— Used abe eee The leaves are used in culinary
practices.
RH
T
Aethusa xe L. (Foou’s-PARSLEY), has been found as fugitive on
xd at Mobil s It differs from the preceding genus by n HEU
void fruit which is not flattened either way, and the white flowe
34. FOENICULUM Adans. Biennial or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades
pinnately decompound, the segments often very slender. Umbels compound.
AMMIACEAE . 983
Involuere and involucels wanting. Sepals
obsolete. Petals yellow or yellowish. Fruit
elongate: carpels 5-ribbed: oil-tubes solitary
in the intervals and 2 on the inner side.—
Four species, natives of the Old World
1. F. Foeniculum (L.) Karst. Stem 5-15
dm. tall: leaf-segments filiform or linear-
plaees, roadsides, and fields, various prov-
inees, Fla. to Tex., Tenn. and N. J.—Nat.
of Eu.— (W. I.)—Sum fal —Used medici-
nally and as a culinary
35. PLEIOTAENIA Coult. & Rose. Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaf-
arn vs decompound. Umbels compound. Involucres and involucels
ing. 485 epal oven Petals yellow,
broadest above the middle. Fruit broad:
earpels with the dorsal and contiguous ribs
eorky but obscure and thick, broadly winged
j h
wit
oil-tubes numerous, 12-18, accompanied by
smaller ones irregularly disposed. — One
species.
1. P. Nuttallii (DC.) C. & R. Stem 2-9 dm
tall, ed meee leaf- b lear nar-
rowly euneat mbel-rays 2-3 e
few Un tanus short: fruit broadly
elliptic, 6-10 mm. long (obovate and thin-winged in P. Nuttallit texana).
olytaenia Nuttallii DC.]—Dry soil, cdi and barrens, various provinces,
Ala. to Tex., Ia. and Mich.—Spr.
36. ANETHUM L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves alternate: blades
pa iam the Mon narrowly linear or linear-filiform. Flowers in naked
narrow lateral wings.—Two species, natives
of Eurasia.
1. A. graveolens L. Plant 1 m. tall or less,
glaucous: leaf-segments numerous: umbels
many-flowered, the rays unequal: Rn
minute: petals ovate to orbicular, 1
long or less: PA iu pus bid oval olip.
soid, 4.5—5 ong, gla — (DIL
DILLWEED.) — — Ham ocks ad cultivated
grounds, S D Fla. and the Ke
of Eu.— (IV. 7.)—The aromatic fruit is d as a condiment.
984 — AMMIACEAE
| 37. PASTINACA L. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately
compound. Umbels compound. Involueres and involucels usually wanting.
Sepals obsolete. Petals yellow. Fruit some-
what longer than broad, much Eccl. flat-
tened: carpels with the dorsal and
tiguous ribs slender, and thin od wings: Ye.
oil-tubes solitary in the intervals and 2—4 in
the inner side.—About 7 species, natives of `
urasia i
1. P. sativa L. Plant coarse, strong-
scented, 6-20 dm. tall: leaf-segments ovate
or elliptic, eronate- eap. incised or lobed:
fruit obova val, orbieular-oval, 5—6
mm. m c (WILD a )— Roads ides,
fields, thickets, and waste-places, nearly
S. and
throughout U. S. Can. Nat. of
Eurasia .—fSum — The root is esculent.
38. CONIOSELINUM Hoffm. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades 2—3-pin-
nately decompound, the alternate segments narrow, incised or lobed. Umbels
compound. Involueres and involucels of
or the former
ing. Sepals eei Petals white.
longer than broad: carpels with the dorsal
and contiguous ribs prominent and the
lateral ones winged: oil-tubes solitary in
the dorsal intervals, l-several in de lateral,
and 4—8 in the inner face.—About 10 spe-
cies, natives of the north temperate zone.
1. C.chinense (L.) B. S. P. ce 5-15 dm
an leaf- -segments incised: umbel-rays 2—4
" ng: uit aes Or ellipsoid- ied 4—5
ong.— (HEMLOCK-PARSLEY. )— mps
aid = cliffs, Blue Ri age and more die ae provinces, N. C. to Ind., Minn.,
Lab. and Pa.—Sum.—fall..
39. ANGELICA L. Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades pinnate or
decompo ound. Umbels compound. Involueres and involucels present or want-
g
prominent, and broadly winged lateral ribs: oil-tubes solitary or several in
intervals and 2-10, or more, in the inner face.—About 40 species, mostly in
the northern hemisphere.—Sum.—fall.—(ANGELICAS.)—The roots and fruits of
some species are used medicinally.
Peduncles and rays pubescent. 1. A. villosa.
Peduncles and rays glabrous. oun
Leaflets thin; lobes ascending : oil-tubes 1-3 in each interval. 2. A. Curtisii.
DE leathery ; lobes spreading: oil-tubes about 20, contigu-
and continuous. 3. A. dentata.
AMMIACEAE 985
A. villosa (Walt.) B. S. P. Plant 6—18 dm. tall: leaflets 2-5 em. long, the
blades thickish, elliptic, see -aneeolate, or oval, 2-5 cm. long, serrate:
umbel-r pos 2-5 em. long: pedicels 3-4 mm. |
long: rolla white: fruit orbicular or
orbieular obovate 4.5-5 mm. long, pubes-
cent.—( ANGELICO. HAIRY-ANGELICA.) —Dry
thickets and woods, various Por vinees, Fla.
Miss., Ark., Minn., and Con The leaves
are used to en d the use of tobacco.
A. Curtisii Buckl. Plant 6-18 dm. tall:
lcadets with ovate or lanceolate, sharply
serrate or incised, ee ate: umbel-rays
: p — l
eenis |
long, glabrous. — (FILMY ANGELICA.) —
Woods, mt. slopes and summits, Blue maae
to Appalachian Plateau, N. C. to Pa.
A. dentata (Cha apm.) Coult. & Rose. Plant 5-10 dm. tall: leaflets with
ot liptie id e incised or incised-serrate blades, acute: umbel-rays 5-12;
corolla : fruit oval, 5-6 mm. long.—Dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, M Fla.
and a N |
40. HERACLEUM L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades ternately compound.
Umbels compound. Involucres and involucels of few, often deciduous, bracts
and bractlets or the former wanting. als - à
minute or obsolete. Petals white, broadest
above the middle, those of the outer and
inner flowers different in shape. Frui
ually longer than broad, strongly dor-
E flattened: earpels with the dorsal and
eontiguous ribs slender, and broadly winged
lateral ribs, the latter nerved near the outer
edge: oil-tubes solitary in each interval, and
2—4 in the outer face, rarely extending be-
yond the middle of the carpel.—About 6
species, natives of the Northern T A
H. lanatum Michx. Plant course and heavy-scented, 6-25 dm. tall: leaf-
blades 1—4 dm. long, the segments sharply toothe < us -rays imu stout,
3—15 em. long: fruit oval to obovate-oval, 8-12 m —(Cow RSNIP. jm
pow s fence-rows, fields, and waste-places, various min UM Ga. to Calif.,
„ Ont., and Newf. — Sum. — The roots and fruits are mechanic
41. OXYPOLIS Raf. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades pinnate or ternate,
or rarely reduced to hollow septate phyllodia. Umbels compound. Involucres
and involucels present. Sepals acute. Petals white. Fruit longer than broad,
dorsally flattened: carpels with the dorsal and contiguous ribs thin, and
winged lateral ribs, the latter nerved near ic inner part of the wing: oil-tubes
solitary in the intervals and 2-6 in the inner face. [Ttedemannia DC.]—Five
species, North American.—Sum.—fall or all year S.—Dropworts.
986 AMMIACEAE
Leaves reduced to hollow, terete, transversely-jointed petioles pac
O. filiformis.
Leaves with simple, pinnate or palmate blades
Leaf-blades simple, or of 3 palmately di oed leaflets at the
end of an elongate petiole. 2. O. ternata.
Leaf-blades pinnately divided. -—
Fruit e innish, the wings papery. 3. O. rigidior.
Fruit turgid, the Wings corky. 4. O. turgida.
1. O. filiformis (Walt.) Britton. Plant 5-18 dm. tall: phyllodia 3-60 em.
long: fruit elliptie-oval or oval obovate, 5-6 mm. e broadly winged.—
(WATER-DROPWORT.) — Low Pr a
eo ponds, swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La. and S. C.—Erro hse apparently,
nr from further N.
2. O. ternata (Nutt.) Heller. Plant 5-
dm. tall: leaf-blades, or leaf- rm linear
filiform: fruit elliptic, 4-5 mm. long.—
Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.
3. O. rigidior (L.) Raf. Plant 5-18 dm.
n leaves with relatively o. often
thin-winged. — (PIG-POTATO ATER-DROP-
Ls COW-BANE. pen ps. swamps, and eliffs, various provinces, Fla.
, Minn., an —0. 2m seems to be an extreme form of this
irm with very ams leaf. Ma
4. O. turgida Small. Plant 4-12 dm. tall: leaves and umbels similar to those
a O. rigidior: fruit elliptic-oval or elliptic- obovate, oc mm. long, thick-
winged. “Swamps, Blue Ridge and adj. provinces, S. C. to Va., and Coastal
Plain, S E N
SERIES 2. GAMOPETALAE
Petals more or less united, or oeeasionally distinet, or very rarely
wanting.
ORDER ERICALES — EnicAnL ORDER
Herbs, undershrubs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes humus-plants or
saprophytes. Leaves alternate, often evergreen: blades simple. Flowers
mainly perfect and complete. Calyx of 2-8, usually 5, partially united
sepals. Corolla of 2-8, usually 5, mostly united petals. Androecium of
as many .or twice as many stamens as petals, sometimes partially reduced
to staminodia: filaments mostly free. Gynoecium of several united car-
pels. Fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous.
ae With free and distinct filamen
Superior: fruit exposed or enclosed in the calyx.
Fam. 1. CLETHRACEAE.
p
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(D
Herbaceous root-parasites or saprophytes, with
Seale-ike leaves: plants devoid of chloro-
phyl: pollen-grains simple. Fam. 2. MONOTROPACEAE.
Herbs, undershrubs, shrubs, or trees: plants
with chlorophyl: pollen- -grains compound.
CLETHRACEAE 987
S or partly woody plants with
rootstoc Fam. 3. PYROLACEAE.
Shrubs or ees with erect or diffuse stems. Fam. 4. ERICACEAE.
Ovary wholly or partly inferior Fam. 5. VACCINIACEAE.
Stamens with ous filaments wholly or partly adnate to
e coro
Androecium hot staminodia: caulescent plants. Fam. 6. DIAPENSIACEAE.
Androecium with staminodia: acaulescent plants. Fam. 7. GALACACEAE
Famity 1. CLETHRACEAE — WHITE-ALDER FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, the pubescence of branched hairs. Leaves deciduous:
blades mostly toothed. owers in racemes or panicles. Calyx of 5 per-
nthesis.
3 united carpels: stigmas 3. Fruit a 3-valved loculicidal capsule—Only
the following d, and about 30 species, widely distributed, except in
Europe and Afri
1. CLETHRA [Gronov.] L. Erect shrubs or trees, with toothed leaf-blades
and elongate racemes or panieles.—Sum.—PEPPERBUSHES. WHITE-ALDERS.
Filaments glabrous: style pubescent: racemes erect.
Sepals ee leaf-blades glabrous beneath, or nearly so.
1. C. alnifolia.
Sepals obtuse: leaf-blades tomentose beneath. 2. C. tomentosa.
Filaments pu Peers style glabrous: racemes nodding. 3. C. acuminata.
1. C. alnifolia Shrub 1-3 m. tall, the twigs o pubescent: leaf-blades
obovate or cuneate, 3-8 em. long: pedice els 1-3 mm. long: sepals elliptic to
n als 5-6 mm.
mps, low sand
woods, and wet pin PS Coastal Plain
and adj. pt Fla. to La. , Pa. and Me.
The done are very fragrant Pink-flow-
ered forms are occasio
2. C. tomentosa Lam. Shrub 1-3 m. tall,
the twigs tomentose: leaf-blades obovate to
narrowly or airs cuneate, 4-10 em. long:
pedicels 2-5 m ong: sepals oval or ovate-
elliptic, 3-3.5 mm. long: petals 5-6 mm.
long: capsule spheroidal, 44,5 mm
species has an extra flov owering season in the
winter. The inciting cause is not evident.
3. C, acuminata Michx. Shrub, or tree ee 6 m. tall, the twigs tomentu-
lose: leaf-blades oval or elliptic, 9-20 em. long: racemes nodding pedicels re-
curved: sepals ovate, 3.5—4 mm. long, oe petals 6-7 mm. long: capsule ovoid,
4-5 mm. long, drooping.—Woods, ravines, and cliffs of non-ealeareous rocks,
inner Piedmont to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Tenn., W. Va., and Va.
FAMiLy 29. MONOTROPACEAE — InpDIAN-PIPE FAMILY
Saprophytie or humus herbs, with matted roots. Stems seape-like,
simple. Leaves reduced to scales. Flowers in racemes, or solitary, nod-
988 MONOTROPACEAE
ding. Calyx of 2-6 deciduous sepals. Corolla white or colored, of 3-6
petals, or wanting. Androecium o stamens: anthers with valves or
pores. Gynoecium of 4-6 united carpels: stigma capitate, disc-like, or
funnelform. Fruit a 4-6-valved loculicidal eapsule.—About 9 genera and
16 species, most abundant in North Ameriea.
Corolla of several distinct petals, deciduou
Flowers solitary: plants white or pink {black in drying). 1. MONOTROPA.
Flowers several: plants yellowish or 2. HYPOPITYS
Corolla gamopetalous, campanulate, EAE 3. MONOTROPSIS.
1. MONOTROPA L. White or pale-pink wax-like herbs blackening in
drying. Flowers colorless, pink, ochroleucous, or salmon-colored. Sepals 2-4,
unequal. etals 5 or 6, saceate at the base, dilated at the apex. Gynoecium
glabrous.—About 3 species, in North America and Asia.—INDIAN-PIPES.
CORPSE-PLANTS.
Flowers white or pale-pink: petals obscurely ciliate: filaments sparingly pubescent.
1. M. uniflora.
Flowers ochroleucous or salmon-colored: petals copiously ciliate
and densely pubescent within: filaments copiously pubescent. 2. M. Brittonii
l. M. uniflora L. Ste m dm. tall, white: leaves lanceolate or elliptic-
laneeolate, somewhat pointed: sepals and petals deeply saceate at the bas
entire or eroded at the top: filaments slightly
pubescent with short hairs: lobes of the disk
ME acute, b downward: eapsule
—1.5 long.—Woods and rich
haded ba pa various pouce N 1 to
Calif., Wash. and Newf.—Sum.—A pink-
stemmed form E in fall, at higher
altitudes in our range, may represent a
distinct species.
M. ps — Stem 1-4 dm.
une cou vate or oblance alate
or Bou e. near Bc top of the stem, obtuse
sepals and petals shallowly saccate at the
base, sometimes toothed at the t top: filaments
densely pubescent M long hairs: lobes of
the disk stout, blunt, projecting outwar F Or
upward: capsule dikoak ovoid, 1.5-2
long.—Serub, Pa Plain, S pen. Fla. 15
SE N Win
2. HYPOPITYS Adans. Colored fragrant herbs. Flowers in a terminal
raceme, deep-pink, yellow, red, or erimson. Sepals and petals 5 each in the
earliest flower, or 4 in the later ones. Gynoecium pubescent.—About 7 species,
in the north temperate zone-—Sum.—fall.—PINE-SAPS. FALSE BEECH-DROPS.
Stigma not retrorsely bearded: style sparingly pubescent: sepals and petals with
Short cilia. 1. H. americana.
tigma retrorsely bearded: aie copiously pubescent: sepals
and petals with long cilia 2. H. lanuginosa.
1. H. americana (DC.) Small Plant tawny or yellow, finely pubescent or
nearly glabrous, 1-3 dm. tall: sepals 7-10 mm. long: petals sparingly pubes-
PYROLACEAE 989
cent: eapsule oval or oblong-oval, 7-10 mm..
long.—Woods, Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn.
to , and various provinces, N J.
W. Va. and Ont
lanuginosa (Michx.) Nutt. Plant
o pink and erimson, a or a
pubescent, 0.5-3.5 dm. tall: sepals 6-9 m
long: petals eee pubescent: capsu die
globular, . lon LR "s n and thick-
ets, various wc Ky., Que
and Newf.—A late- B id "bright- -red-
speeies, with flowers and
steina atA AADI)
"n
y n
H. in isl Bi cknell, and may prove to be
only of the above species, or the
EN n: of Michau
3. MONOTROPSIS Schwein. Colored herbs. Flowers in a racem
fragrant, white, pink, or purple. Sepals 5, erose near the apex, —Y
Petals partially united: tube 5-saccate at the base.—'Three species, given. below.
—SWEET PINE-SAPS. PYGMY-PIPES.
Corolla about as long as the calyx during anthesis or shorter, colored.
Corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube: calyx and corolla
about eyual in length. 1. M. odorata.
Corolla-lobes about as long as the tube: calyx about twice
as long as the corolla. 2. M. Lehmaniae.
Corolla about twice as long as the calyx during anthesis, white. 3. M. Reynoldsiae.
1. M. odorata Ell. Sea 2s em. tall, purple or purplish-brown: flowers
violet-scented: sepals 7—1 long: corolla 7-8 mm. long, the lobes much
shorter than A tube. QE. pudica
to Ala, Ky., and Md.—Ear arly Spr. — The
corolla is usually pin but varies to almost
white and dM
2. M. Lehmaniae Burnham. Stem 4-10 em.
tall, So brownish-purple: flowers not
ragrant: sepals 7-8 mm. long: e
mainly pink, the lobes about as long as the
tube.—Woods, in Blue Ridge, W N. C.—
all.
3. M. Reynoldsiae (A. MA pick Stem
4—12 cm. tall, purple: sepals 2-4 mm. long: b
corolla 6.5-8 mm. long, the lobes "e as long as the tube.— Woods, E Fla.—Fall.
FaAMiLY 3. PYROLACEAE — WINTERGREEN FAMILY
Perennial mostly evergreen herbs, with elongate rootstocks. —
alternate, mostly near the base of the stem: blades leathery. Flowers in
irregular. Calyx of 4 or 5 persistent sepals. Corolla white or pink, of
4 or 5 essentially distinct, wax-like petal Androecium of twice as many
capsule i. ee genera and about 95 species, nativës of the Northern
Hemispher
990 PYROLACEAE
Style iio de flowers racemose: filaments unappendaged: capsule opening from
base 1. PxROLA.
Style Pa Ee flowers corymbed or umbelled : Dens appen-
daged at the base: capsule opening from top to bas 2. CHIMAPHILA.
1 PYROLA [Tourn.] L. Leaves with broad blades. Flowers Mni
greenish, or pink, in elongate ra Filaments unappendaged, glabro
Capsule nodding, the Bii URN —About 18 species, widely i
tributed in temperate and cool regions.—Sum. odisea SHIN-LEAFS.
Leaf-blades deu dou: calyx-lobes mainly longer than the tube: filaments less
than twice as long as the anthers. 1. P. americana.
Leaf-blades elliptic: oval or oblong: calyx-lobes mainly shorter
than the tube: filaments over twice as long as the anthers. 2. P. elliptica.
P. americana Sweet. Plant 2-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades thickish, 2—3 cm. long,
ostly shorter than the petiole: ied elliptic or lanceolate, 9.3 mm. lon ng:
cas oo to orbicular-obovate, 7-9 mm. long:
capsule 6-7 wide. [P. re Michx. not
.]—Woo ods, "Blue Ridge, N. C. Tenn., various
provinees, Va. to Wise. and N. S
elliptica Nutt. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-
blades thinnish, 3-9 em. long, mostly eae than the
petiol sepals triangular ovate: pet oblon ^E 3
Slliptic- -obovate, 5.5-7 long: dir 9-6
wide.—Th iekets = woods, Blue Ridge, "Te enn., und
various provinces, o N. . C., On t., and
Va.—The petals x: pene species are usually white,
but pink tinged corollas occur in occasional forms.
2. CHIMAPHILA Pursh. Leaves with relatively narrow blades. Flowers
white, in corymbs. Filaments with pubescent or erose-eiliate appendages at the
base. Capsule erect, the valve-margins glabrous.—About 7 species, distributed
from the equator to the Arctic regions.—Sum.—PIPSISSEWAS.
Sepals longer than wide: petals ciliolate all around: fiülament-appendages pubescent.
1. C. maculata.
d wider than long: petals erose-ciliolate and jagged at the
; filament-appendages erose-ciliate. 2. C. corymbosa.
1. C. maculata i ps Plant 7—22 em. tall: M blades lanceolate or
pA ae em. long, dark- pun with whitish veins: inflorescence
usual 1 d see rounded the ;
eiliolate: etas white, 10-12 mm. T filament- &
appendages narr POTTED-WINTERGREEN.) — Dry
woods, various iom Ga. to Ala., Minn., and Me.
orymbosa Pursh. Plant 9-32 e tall: leaf-
blades incen cuneate, or pe cuneate, 2-10
. long, d e o
lly
apex, erose: petals 9-11 mm. long, white except
the pink base: filaments rg broad appendages
purplish-pink. — (PRINCE’S-PINE. ) — Dry a acid woods,
Blue Ridge, Ga. to N. C., and various provinces, Va. to Wise. and N. S.—
Chimaphila mexicana is sometimes included in C. maculata. C.domingensis and
C. guatemalensis, of San nto Domingo and Central America, respectively, have
sometimes been included in C. corymbosa. Hence the ranges of the above
species are sometimes sanded into the tropics.
ERICACEAE 991
FAMiL.y 4. ERICACEAE — HEgaATH FAMILY
Shrubs, trees, or undershrubs. Leaves often persistent: blades com-
monly leathery. Flowers typically perfect. Calyx of 4-7 distinet or
ore
Gynoecium of 2-7 united earpels. Fruit a capsule, or sometimes baccate
or drupaceous.—About 60 genera and 1,100 species, widely distributed.
Calyx not accrescent: capsule exposed.
Capsule septicidal. Tribe I. RHODODENDREAE.
Capsule loculicidal or marginicidal.
nther-sacs opening by apical pores or chinks
Se capsule loeulicidal: erect shrubs, Dos
vil II, ANDROMEDEAE.
Amer pe opening lengthwise: capsule margini-
cidal: prostrate shrub with creeping branches. III. EPIGAEAE.
Calyx accrescent, enclosing the capsule and becoming fleshy. IV. GAULTHERIEAE.
I. RHODODENDREAE
Corolla of distinct petals.
Anther-sacs opening by apical pores: petals 6 or 7. 1. BEFARIA.
Anther-sacs opening lengthwise,
An Me sagittate: tall shrub r M membranous
leaf-blades : petals long and narr 2. ELLIOTTIA.
Anthers globular-didymous: low Gre aepressed shrubs
with leathery leaf-blades: petals short and broad. 3. LEIOPHYLLUM.
Corolla of anny united petals.
Corolla decidedly 2-lipped, funnelfor 4. AZALEA.
C ron ot 2-lipped, campanulate or Totate-campanulate,
eolate or saucer-shaped.
Blower body. and usually leaf-buds, oe nome:
Corolla campanulate or rotate-campan
per ee interior: calyx- ras small,
n prominent: leaves persistent; blades
[2b
c n 5. RHODODENDRON.
Upper corolla-lobe exterior: calyx- e nute
leaves deciduous ; blades membran 6. BILTIA.
Corolla urceolate. 1. MENZIESIA.
fone buds, and leaf-buds, not scaly-strobilaceous.
persistent : corolla-lobes rounded: capsule
ac ress : 8. KALMIA.
eros deciduous : corolla-lobes acute: capsule
oid. 9. KALMIELLA.
II. sar Sr aia
IC imbricate, at least in the
le depressed: a anther-sacs evening by apical pores
Capsule: wall double, the outer layer 5-valved. 10. CHAMAEDAPHNE,
Capsule-wall single, 5-valved.
Anthers awned: panicles terminal. 11. EuBoTRYs.
Anthers awrless: panicles axillary. 12. LEUCOTHOE.
Capsule elongate: anther-sacs opening by chinks above
the middle 13. OXYDENDRON.
bine R valve or separated in the bud.
e awned: capsule-sutures not thicken
ns of the anther-sacs ascending: acca: smooth. 14. ZENOBIA.
Aw Sue wit na m ae sacs deflexed : seeds reticulate or
00
Flow in eat compound Dees filaments
e straight or nearly s 15. PIERIS.
Flowers in axillary simple r aee panicles :
filaments much. flattened, Semi -curved. 16. AMPELOTHAMNUS.
en Es awnless: capsule-sutures thiekened.
crt RE corolla about twice as long
t ca
Style fusiform: corolla of an urceolate a leaf-
blades with intramarginal veins: sepals per-
sistent. 17. DESMOTHAMNUS.
Style columnar: corolla of a cylindraceous-
campanulate type: leaf-blades BE intra-
marginal veins: sepals deciduou 18. NEOPIERIS.
992 ERICACEAE
Filaments unappendaged: corolla several times ex-
ceeding the calyx
Capsule longer Ta thick, prominently angled :
lepidote shrubs with persistent leaves: flowers
in axillary clusters 19. XOLISMA.
^i oe not angled : pubescent shrubs
uous leaves: flowers in panicled
Mer 20. ARSENOCOCCUS,
III. EPIGAEAE
Plant with creeping stems and e n leaves: ao in
axillary clusters: corolla ivr oan ene -lobes dry 21. EPIGAEA.
GAULTHERIEAE
Stem erect from a horizontal rootstock: leaves evergreen
flowers solitary in the axils: corolla urceolate: calyx-lobes
fleshy. 22. GAULTHERIA.
BEFARIA Mutis. Evergreen shrubs with erect branches. Leaves
eei blades thick. Flowers large in long erect spike-like racemes.
Calyx-lobes 6 or 7. Petals broadened upward, spreading. Stamens 12 or 14:
anthers with terminal pores. Ovary 6- or 7-celled.
Capsule sear ——About 15 species, ees trop-
ical Ameriean.—Sometimes spelled Bejaria
B. osa Vent. Shrub 1-2.5 m. tall, the
nate hirsute: leaf- uidi ri elliptie to oval,
2—5.5 em. long, often somewhat hirsute: calyx-lobes
about 4 mm. long: pet white, sometimes pink-
eN m pend Es oe -spatulate, 2-3 cm. long,
glutin di d capsu ule depressed-
Eu pone mm. x diameter.— (TAR-FL Hubs FLY-
MAP ud pnm Plain, Fla Ga.
Spr.—fall.—This ye of a typieally Mexican South American genus is
shape 2n ant when in flower. Bouquets made of the HE as it B
o flower, will Ae to bloom for nearly or quite a w
2. ELLIOTTIA Muhl. Deciduous shrubs, with more or less spreading
branches. Leaves alternate: blades thinnish. Flowers small, numerous, in
short panicles. Calyx-lobes 3 or 4. Petals not
broadened upward. Stamens 4-10: anthers with longi-
tudinal valves. Ovary 3-5-celled. Capsule subglo-
e.—One species
acemosa Muh Shrub 1-5 tall, the
Bn es glabrous: eal ates elliptic, al or elliptic-
e te, 4-12 em. long: calyx-lobes about tim
long: nd s white, een ‘elliptic, 12-14 mm. long, a
glutino filam ents glabrous: capsule ovoid- -globose
Eni ti Ones ridges and sandhills, Co astal
j j. pro .&
S. C. — Sum — One
f the rarest of American shrubs, known to have Pu hse at but 7 or 8
stations, and at some of these now exterminated. At each station pus a. single
were is. represented, ie though this may often ica into a large patch
by its rootstocks. Being sterile to its own pollen, seeds are only Bui d when
cross- “fertilization from one clump to another is brought about. Before the
eoming of the white man, meds plants must have grown close enough ies for
ERICACEAE 993
insects to accomplish this crossing at times, but E and duae have
destroyed so many, that propagation by seeds seems to have ceased.
3. LEIOPHYLLUM Pers. Evergreen shrubs with erect, spreading, or pros-
trate branches. Leaves alternate or opposite, box-like: blades coriaceous, entire,
often shining. Flowers in terminal umbel-like clusters. Calyx-lobes 5, longer
ube.
than the t etals 5, white or pink, spreading. Stamens 10: anthers
opening lengthwise. Style cele: Capsule ovoid. [Dendrium Desv.]—
Only the following species.—Spr.-sum.—SAND-MYRTLES.
Style slender, fully twice as long as the ovary in anthesis: disk minute: petals
elliptic to ovate-elliptic: pedicels ape l. L. buzifolium,
Style stout, less than twice as long as the : disk prominent:
etals ovate to rhombic-ovate: pedicel es
Leaves mostly 2 an euer -valves sharp-tuberculate: de-
od or diffuse s 2. L. Lyoni.
Leaves alternate: capsule-valves muricate or scabrous: erect
Shrub. 3. L. Hugeri.
1. L. buxifolium (Berg.) Ell. A much-branched shrub resembling a dwarf-
box P uo 8 A tall or ee leaf-blades elliptie or n cu broadened upward,
mostly 3-8 long, shining above, paler
and dull bene calyx- lobes dor a -lanceo-
late or lanceolate, about 1 mm. long: petals
elliptic to D nous 2- 2.5 mm. lon ng:
capsule ovoid, about 3 mm. long, more t
twice as long as the calyx. [D. buxi a
NS m ud pine-barrens, Coastal Plain,
N. N. J.; recorded from as far south
as Fia
Swee A TIow, diffuse or
depressed shrub 2 A tall or less, bo usu-
ally numerous branches often prost and
matted: leaf-blades oval or 1d ‘lliptic,
m. long: petals ovate to oval, about 2. 5m long: capsule broadly ovoid t
globose-ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long. [D. Side cum (Loud.) Small]—Rocky sum-
i Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn.
L. Hugeri (Small) K. Sch. A much-branched p 9 dm. tall or less: leaf-
blades elliptie or individually elliptic-ovate, 9—15 e . lo ong: calyx-lobes lanceo-
late, 2 mm. lo ong o metimes sh i din bon. ovate t RE ovate,
3. 5-4 m long: capsule ov oid, 3.5-4 mm. long. [D. Hugeri Small]—Roe ky sum-
“mits, Blue Ridge and inner “Pizdmo nt, S, Ge nd N. C.
4. AZALEA L. Erect deciduous-leaved shrubs, sometimes tardily decidu-
ous at the extreme south. Leaves alternate: blades sometimes bristle-toothed.
Calyx deciduous: lobes 5, conspicuously ciliate. Corolla variously colored, fun-
nelform: tube elongate: limb 2-lipped. Stamens 5 or rarely 10, d
exserted: anthers with terminal pores. Style declined. Capsule elongate,
opening at the apex.—About 40 species, American and Asiatic pice ONEY-
LES. AZALEAS.—Natural hybrids are to be ncn nea of the
species are much used in horticulture.
Flower-clusters appearing before the leaves or as the leaves unfold.
I. NUDIFLORAE.
Flower-clusters appearing after the leaves.
Twigs strigose: style usually pubescent. II. VISCOSAE.
63
994 | ERICACEAE
Twigs glabrous: style usually glabrous.
Corolla Ro i or pinkish; tube glandular pubescent
witho TIT. ARBORESCENTES.
Corolla. C msni tube glabrous or nearly so without. IV. PRUNIFOLIAE.
I. NUDIFLORAE
Corolla red, orange, or yellow.
vov appearing as the leaves unfold: scales of the winter-buds glabrous on
Corolla-tube glandular without, as long as the lobes
shorter; limb yellow to orange or sc arlet. 1. A. calendulacea.
Corolla- tube pubescent with glandless hairs without,
longer than the lobes; limb scarlet or bright red. 2. A. speciosa.
piss rs appearing before the leaves unfold: scales of the
er-buds pubescent | on the back. 3. A. austrina.
Corolla pun pink, or ca ne.
Shrubs n tap-roots "and erect, usually much-branched
stem mostly 1-2 m. tall: flower-buds without
a T rows of stipitate glands at the apex.
Corolla pink.
Corolla-tube ns or strigose without. 4. A. nudiflora.
Corolla-tube ore or less glandular-pubescent.
Leaf-blade "thick, usually pubescent beneath
when mature: capsule softly pubescent
and "det ud tube abruptly ex-
panded into t mb.
Se softly "pubescent beneath when
bu 5. A. canescens.
Lo f blade white p pale-tomentose beneath
when mature, not 6. A. candida.
Leaf-blade thin-mem AEE cod eapsule gland-
u hirsute: corolla-tube e E expanded
nto the limb. T. A. prinophylla.
Corolla te. 8. A. alabamensis.
whi
Shrub with horizontal underground stem and low erect
simple or nearly simple branches, in small or pee
dr perde D flower- buds with conspicuous
ows of stipitate glands at the apex. 9. A. atlantica.
II. VISCOSAE
Twigs pale: scales of the winter-buds few (15 or less), o
tuse or acutish, usually brown: leaves usually yon
beneath: nor rthern plant. 0. A. viscosa.
Twigs red-brown: scales of the winter-buds many (15 or
more), e UE DU I HA S. pale, except the dark margin:
leaves often pubescent beneath: southern plant. 11. A. serrulata.
III. ARBORESCENTES
Shrub or small tree, with glabrous yellowish-brown
reddish-brown twigs: leaf-blades of an obovate type,
usually glaucous beneath. 12. A. arborescens.
IV. PRUNIFOLIAE
Shrub with dark purplish-red twigs: leaf-blades of an ellip- .
tic or elliptic-lanceolate type, light-green beneath. 13. A. prunifolia.
1. A. calendulacea Michx. Shrub 0.5-5 m. tall, pel twigs strigillose: leaf-
due ier f E obovate, 3-8 cm. long, more r less eanescent beneath:
alyx-lo ipti ;
e 1.5-2 em. long, glandular-pubescent; upper lobe
with an pier bloteh: eapsule ovoid- Ilio id, 1.5-2.5
em. long, or sometimes shorter, hirsute. [A. lutea L.?]
W-AZALEA.)——Aci
teau, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., W. Va., an s s
spr.—A red azalea Ge in the Cumberland moun-
tains, with pedicel and calyx n-glandular and leaf-
blades glaucous beneath, E in late June and
July, may be distinct.
ERICACEAE 995
seine Willd. Shrub 0.5-2 m. tall, the twigs o leaf-
blades obovate to elliptic, 3-6 cm. long, fin ely pubescent beneath and pin
or less te on the midrib: alyx-lobes broadly ovate ES » elliptic, 0.5-3 m
long, long- | corolla sree or i ght -red; tube 2- long; upper lo be
with an orange e blotch: capsule 2-3 cm. long, narrowly pos oid to elliptic-ovoid,
strigose.—W oods and sandhills, Piedmont and adj. provinces, Ga. and S. C.—Spr.
3. A. austrina Small. Shrub mostly 3 m. tall or less, the twigs sparingly
strigose and softly center and usually glandular: leaf- blades oval, obovate,
elliptic, or ss ae -spatulate, 2.5-9 em. long, rather firm in age, finely pubescent,
ually per ently so: i ae deltoid to Para eae ee DA acute,
Bn. ‘ciliate: RUM yellow and orange; tube 1.8-2 cm. long, finely glandu-
lar-pubescent; lobes broad, acute or abruptly short acuminaie: capsule narrowly
eylindrie ellipsoid, slightly na E upward, 2-2.5 em. long, n glandular-
a scent.—Woods and stream-banks, in moderately acid sandy soils, N W Fla.
—The flowers are slightly fragra
4. A.nudiflora L. Shrub 3 m. tall or less, the twigs finely pubescent and m
ate
or less strigose: leaf-blades elliptie to obov or elliptie-obovate, 3-10 e
long, thick an in age, stri on o r the veins beneath, or re
except the margins: calyx-lobes ovate to half-orbicular, copiously ciliate: corolla
pink (or p-p r carmin ay wit m ual gland-tipped hairs in
udiflora ee tu lon lose strigose; lobes rather
broad, shorter than tube: Jen ellipsoid, often a so or d
narrowed upward, e or hirsute-strigose.— ou don WER. NEY-
Wood
SUCKLE. EARLY-AZALEA.)— Woods and low grounds, various provinces, UN. C.
to Tenn., Ohio and Mass.—Spr.—The flowers are RS pur ant.
5. A. canescens Michx. Shrub up to 5 m. tall the twigs mi inutely soft-
pubescent and u m also strigose: leaf- nara eae d -oblanceolate,
owly a firm ity
ion
tose-canescent beneath, (or glabrous, except the margins an the midrib in
A. canescens subglabra): ealyx-lobes deltoid i poles or half-orbieular, usually
iliate: eo p r rarely some-
es
So i than the tube: capsule cylindric-ellipsoid, narrowed upward,
ong, canescent and hirsute.—Stream-banks, in rather acid sandy soil,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Tenn., and N. C.—Spr.—
The flowers are slightly fragrant.
6. A. candida Small. Shrub 2 m. tall or less, the twigs tomentulose n often
somewhat glandular: leaf-blades di obovate-oblanceolate, cuneate, or
maturity, 1-7 long, thi
bescent : e
glaucous and white- or pale-tomentose mtem and sometimes retieulate-veiny:
calyx-lobes o. ciliate, obtuse: corolla r a narrow, gradually
narrowed e: 2—9.5 em. long, canescent, ved.—Hammocks, Coastal
Plain, N Fla. to S Ga.—Spr.—The flowers are ‘lightly fragrant.
7. A. prinophylla Small. Shrub up to 5 tall, the twigs finely loose-
pubescent and somewhat strigose: leaf "blades. oval or elliptie, varying to
E. U. S.) not
Michx.]—Woods and rocky banks, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn.
to Ark., Vt., aa Va.—Spr.—The flowers are very fragra
996 ERICACEAE
8. A. alabamensis (Rehd er) Small Shrub up to 1 m. tall, the twigs pale-
strigose: leaf-blades Tides to elliptie or elliptie-obovate, 3-6 c m. long, loosely
short-pu escent beneath and strigillose on the midrib: eui e Iob: ovate, often
y
roa m
lar-pubescent without; lobes shorter than the tube: anthers 2-3 mm. dnd
iid eylindric-ellipsoid, about 1.5 em. long, loosely pubescent and more
less glandular-bristly. [Eho odo Pu n alabamense | Rehder.]—Dry phil
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ala.—Spr.—The flowers are fragrant.
9. atlantica Ashe. Shrub with the more or less aud m way
less than 0.5 m. tall, the twigs sparingly strigi oe and som pears rel
hirsute: leaf- blades obovate, M ate, o metimes ‘alliptic 3-6 ¢
long, mostly glabrous beneath, except the pu unseen “midrib, (finely aa
on both sides and plait ea A A, atlantica luteo-alba) : ealyx-lobes d
n :
]
anthers 2-3 mm. long: capsule ovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 em. long, bristly with
glandless or i tipped hairs.—Low ES nelands, Coastal Plain, S. C. to Del
Spr.—The flowers are very owe —An azalea ae "referable to A.
atlantica luteo-alba occurs in SA
10. A. a L. Shrub 0.5-5 mm. tall, the twigs loosely pubescent and
sae p or - decidedly hispid in A. viscosa hispida) ; the winter-buds typically
om (or densely p and the leaves up to 6 cm. long in A. viscosa
emulans, or silky-pu , and the leaves up to 4 cm. long in A. viscosa
oun: leaf- rdi poss to obovate or individually elliptie or elliptic-
ee 2-6 cm. long, thickish, ciliate, strigillose on the midrib beneath,
or finely and RU densely pubescent beneath in A. viscosa tomentosa), dull
white or pink-tinged; tube 1.5-2.5 cm. long, rather abruptly ye lr the
limb; lobes sa shorter than the tube: capsule ellipsoid-ovoid, m. long,
gla andular-hirsut —(SWAMP-AZALEA.)—Acid swamps, various ae Fla.
to Miss., Ohio, an Me.—Late Spr.-sum.—The flowers are very fragrant.
11. A. serrulata Small. Shrub 7 m. tall or less, the twigs red-brown, strigose,
ahd usually also finely villous, the Hea bip numerous Bertie: scales,
i 7 a
or with few sc eorgiana): leaf-
ey eae to obovate or obovate- ‘elliptic, or "individua ally elliptic-oblanceo-
late, 4—9 em. long, serrulate- -eiliate, shining, finely reticulate, glabrous, E
i scattered hairs on the midrib beneath: calyx-lobes ovate or broader, long-
ciliate, obtuse: corolla white; tube 3-3.5 cm. long, som on enlarged near the
base, expanded near the limb, pras cadere lobes n eee shorter than
the tube: capsule ovoid-ellipsoid, 1-1.5 em. long, glandular-setose.—Wet ham-
mocks, con Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.—Spr.-sum.—The. flo oven are very
fragran
12. A. arborescens Pursh. Shrub with tall stems, (or with low widely branched
stems and small very. glaucous s leaves in A. arbore rescens Richardsonit) 1 or tree
ing 6 m. tall, with the scales of | the winter-buds short-mucronate: leaf-
m. :
hirsute without; lobes acuminate, much shorter than the tube: anthers about
mm. long: capsule ellipsoid- avoid. 1-2 a long, stout, bristly-glandular,
abruptly narrowed at the apex.—(SMOOTH-AZALEA.)—Stream-banks and rocky
o in p eid soil, various p N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala.,
X e flowers are fragrant and have conspieuous red filaments.
The dried e give off the fragrance is coumarin.—Late spr.-early sum.
ERICACEAE 997
13. A. prunifolia Small. Shrub 3 m. tall or less, with the scales of the winter-
buds short-aristate: es blades elliptie or elliptie- -lanceolate, varying to some-
te, 2.5-13 e li
what obovate, ong, acute or slightly aeuminate, deep-green above,
Ed dps beneath, A except for scattered hairs on the midrib and
n the s b eneath, and the ciliolate margins: calyx-lobes ovate or half-
orbieular, ome 1 mm. long, coarsely long-ciliate, obtuse: corolla crimson,
long; tube glabrous or merely with scattered hairs, bur dilated
EN the base to the limb; lobes broad, abruptly po anthers 2.5-3 mm
long: capsule gradually narrowed u upward, abou lon ng, EE and
puberulous.—Moist woods, Coastal Plain, Ga. d PS Em
5. RHODODENDRON L. Evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate:
blades leathery, not ciliate. Calyx persistent: lobes broad and short. Corolla
variously colored, campanulate: tube very short: limb 2-lipped. Stamens
usually 10, slightly exserted with terminal pores. Style declined. Capsule
elongate, opening at the apex.—About 100 species, most abundant in Asia.—
ROSE-BAYS. RHODODENDRONS. Many species are used in horticulture.
Leaf-blades neither glandular-dotted nor scaly. I, MAXIMA.
Leaf-blades glandular-dotted or scaly. II. MiNORA.
I. Max
Calyx-lobes longer than wide: corolla Bos. ute or pink: pearls ates
1. maximum.
Calyx-lobes wider than long: corolla rose-purple or lilac-
purple: pedicels not viscid. 2. R. catawbiense.
TI. MIN
Powe Cua appearing after the TA ots of the sea-
lea dox ei acute or acum
Corollà 1.5-2 long: calyx- lobes of a deltoid type. 3. R.carolinianum.
Corolla 2.5-3 cm. long: calyx-lobes of an ovate type. 4. R. minus.
Flower-clusters appearing before the leafy shoots of the sea-
son: leaf-blades obtuse or retuse 5. R. Chapmanii.
R. m L. An evergreen shrub commonly 5 m. tall, or rarely a s
tree, with Sere pubescent twigs: leaf-blades elliptic - or elliptic- oblanceolate,
10-25 em. long, acute or short-aeuminate
rou mew scurfy bene
yellow or ag m within, broadly
panulate, 2-3 e ong; lobes not crisped:
filaments ER tw ae longer ones about 2
em. 1 nthers a 2 long yle
elongate capsule narrowly ellipsoid or
eylindric-ellipsoid or slightly narrowed up-
; : seeds en p
ong. — (GREAT-LAUREL. OSE-BAY. )—Acid
woods, mt. slopes, and i e various provinces, in Coas tal iar only
N, Ga. to Ala., Ont., and N. S.—Sum..—The hard, close-grained brown heart-
wood is used for tool preis The root is used for ma cae A Pinus
R. catawbiense Michx. An evergreen shrub commonly 1-3 m. tall, or rarely
u
bale green beneath, mostly rounded or subcordate at the base, the stout cus
998 ERICACEAE
s ealyx-lobes half-orbicular or broadly deltoid, mueh wider than
ong: corolla rose-purple or lilae-purple, broadly campanula e 3.5-5 em, long;
bbs scarcely undulate: filaments slender, the bout 3 em. long;
anthers about 3 m
solls, Piedmont to Appalachian m au, and
early sum.—The form growing in the Piedmont is R. poco neam.
arolinianum Rehder. A much-branched shrub, with resinous-dotted
u
and pts ae eat ae: ealyx-lobes ovate, bae broadly S0: corolla rose-
mottle adly
filaments less than 2.5 cm. long; capsule eco 8-12
Woods and mountain summits, Blue Ridge, S. C. to Tenn. and N C
. minus Michx. A branching straggling shrub, with resinous-dotted
foliage: leaf-blades elliptie or oval, 3-12 em. long, acute or som mewhat acuminate
t both ends, deep-green above, paler and eopiously resinous-dotted Da.
petioles stout, but relatively long, resinous and more or less pubescent at least
young: calyx-lobes Pa ues often broadly so or rarely deltoid-ovate:
corolla huie rose-colored, 2.5-3 € on E funnelform-eampanulate; tube rather
long: longer filaments more en 2.5 em. long: anthers about 2.5 mm. long
EE ellipsoid or Rs pud -ovoid, 8-12 mm. long. [R. punctatum Andr. R.
Mis iva E andy woods, inner Coast al Plain to e er s Ridge, Ga.
o Ala. and N ci r.—Albinos of this as of other species occu
A. Gray. An evergreen shrub tall or less, with
E ad d oingo and erect rigid branches: T TM elliptic or oval,
2-5 c , obtuse or retuse at the apex, somewhat lustrous above, glandular-
j
dotted beneath, iube abruptly narrowed at ase; petioles short, resino
dotted, b lvx-lobes broadly deltoid or rounded, broader than lon
corolla rose-colored, 2.5 unnelform-eampanulate; tube rather short
on
long: capsule nearly 1 em. long.—Low Dude W Fla.—Early Spr.
6. BILTIA Small. Deciduous-leaved shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades
thinnish, ciliate. Calyx undulate. Corolla bright-colored, rotate-campanulate:
tube short: lobes 5, the 2 lower ones over-
h
three upper ones exterior. Style declined.
Capsule narrowed upward, opening only
along the sides, the apex remaining closed.
—One
1. B. Vaseyi (A. Gray) Small Shrub 1-5
m. tall, the Tu sparingly pubescent: leaf-
blades ‘elliptic, 6 —15 em. long: corolla rose-
colored with yellow-orange or reddish-orange
spots on the 3 upper spreading te cap-
sule ellipsoid-ovoid, about 10 long.
as
mits rather acid soil, Blue Ridge, N. C.—Spr ee used in orna-
i ee under the name PINK-SHELL AZAL
ERICACEAE 999
7. MENZIESIA J. E. Smith. Deciduous-leaved shrubs. Leaves alternate
blades entire. Oalyx persistent: lobes 4 or 5, id broad. Corolla lesu.
white, pink, greenish, or reddish, campanulate o
urceolate. Stamens ; 8 or 10, inclined: anthers
elongate. Capsule of an ovoid type.—About 7 species,
North American and Japanese.
1, M. pilosa (Michx.) Pers. Shrub 0.5-2 m. tall, the ^
twigs finely pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to oval or
o em. long, cili
shorter than the tube: capsule n id, 5-6 m
(MINNIE-BUSH. ie SON oods, .Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to
Tenn. and Pa.
8. KALMIA L. Evergreen shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, opposite,
or whorled: blades entire. Calyx persistent: lobes 9, leathery. Corolla regular,
white, pink, purple, or crimson, rot ate, the lobes obtuse: tube short, with 10
Sacs. Stamens 10: filaments Taal straightening at maturity: anthers
short, E near the top. Capsule spheroidal.—Six species, North Amer-
ican.— LAURE
Corymbs or flower-clusters terminal: corolla large, over 2 cm. wide.
I. LATIFOLIAE.
Corymbs or flower-clusters lateral: corolla small, 1.5 cm.
wide or less. II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE.
I. LATIFOLIAE
Shrub or rarely a tree: leaf-blades n d: flower-clusters clammy-pubescent: in-
florescence compound: filaments shor PUDUBCScont. at least
above the middle: capsule spheroidal: branchlets terete. 1. K. latifolia.
II. ANGUSTIFOLIA
Corolla large, about 1.5 cm. wide: calyx eu leaf-blades
of a cuneate or n type 2. K. cuneata.
Corolla small, 5-10 mm. wide: cal yx pubescent: leaf-blades of
an oblong, o Mu p lanceolate type
Leaf-blades Ha ee 'and dull above pedicels and calyx usually
glandular : ¢ crimson or purplish, 3. K. angustifolia,
oet es glaucous above and ET pedicels and calyx
glandular: corolla pink or 4. K. carolina.
1. K. latifolia L. Shrub, or tree becoming 12 m. tall, the twigs often fuzzy
when young: leaf-blades elliptic to oval, 5-12 po - long, glabrous, dark-green:
calyx-lobes elliptic to elliptic-ovate, about 2 mm
corolla white or pink, 20-25 mm. wide: Heer 10-
> eapsul
UREL. M -wooD.)—D
rocky woods, eerie and ind. in rather acid
soil, various provin es, W Fla. to La., Ont., and N. B.
— Spr. —The hard peow s used for making tobacco
pipes. a hard, jo ers wood is used for tool-
handle
K. cuneata Michx. Shrub 2-10 dm. t tall, the twigs
ert. leaf-blades spatulate to cuneate, .9—5
on d sparsely pubeseent beneath: calyx-lo bes
elliptie, 3 -3.5 mm. long: corolla mainly white or pinkish, 14-15 mm. wide: cap-
1000 ERICACEAE
sule 4—5 mm. wide.—(WHITE-wicky.)—Acid swamps, Coastal Plain, S. C. and
S N. C.—Spr |
K. tifolia L. Shrub 2-12 dm. tall, the twigs glabrous or nearly s
leat blades ae to Laue 2-6 cm. long, pale beneath: calyx-lobes ovate
ER A UD. -1.5 us ng: co el purple e to crimson,
filaments 3—4 mm. long: -3. — (SHEEP -LAUREL. DEL
e3
NET J- Banks, hilléides, ashes and pne various provinces, Ga. to Ont.
and Lab.—Sum |
4. K. carolina Small. Shrub similar to K. angustifolia in habit, but with 4
peal fine-pubescent foliage: leaf-blades oval to elliptic 1.5-4. Be m. long,
eanescent-tomentulose neath: eats -lobes a Janceolste, hy E mm
long: corolla mainly rose- -eolored, 5-7 mm. wide: capsule . mm. wide.—
A \—Woods, inner margin of Coastal Plain to blue Ridge, S. C. to S
um.
9. KALMIELLA Small Evergreen low shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades
relatively small. Calyx deciduous: lobes 5, foliaceous. Corolla regular, pink
near the middle. Capsule of an ovoid type.
—Three species, the following and two
Cuban.
1. K. hirsuta (Walt.) Small. Shrub 1-6 dm
tall or often incumbent, the twigs hirsute:
leaf- ta en , anceolate, or Pe na
bicu 4-10 m
ae “threat: ae cies eliptic- Janeeolate
5-7 mm. long, acu uid co 0 es
©
wide: a a about 3 mm ide —(WIc Y)
—Low pinelands a sandhills, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S Va.—Spr-sum.
RENDER M UM
me E EEN
10. CHAMAEDAPHNE Moench. Evergreen shrubs. Leaves alternate:
blades shallowly toothed. Flowers in terminal leafy-bracted racemes. Calyx-
lobes 5, much longer than the tube. a
white, urceolate; lobes 5, shorter than the
ube. Stamens 10, included: anthers awn-
less, tubular at the apex. Capsule de-
essed.—One species
1. C. calyculata (L.) Moench. Shrub 1-12
dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, obovate,
oblanceolate, 1-5 cm. long: calyx-lobes ae
oo ular or conquis coro 6—
eod $4 m . wide.—( LEATHER-LEAF. ) —
yes various aoe Ga. to Ill, B. C,
, Ont., and Newf.—Spr.
i EUBOTRYS Nutt. Deciduous-leaved shrubs with rigid stems and
branches. Leaves alternate: blades finely toothed. Flowers white, in terminal
racemes, Calyx-lobes very short. tamens 10, included: anthers awned.
Capsule depressed.—Only the following species.—Spr.—FETTER-BUSHES.
ERICACEAE 1001
Capsule not lobed; seeds wingless; panicles straight or nearly so.
Calyx-lobes of an ovate type, less than one-half as long as
the eorolla ; Capsule exceeding the calyx 1. E. racemosa.
Calyx-lobes of a lanceolate type, one! -haif as E as the
corolla or longer; capsule shorter than the calyx 2. E. elongata.
Capsule lobed; seeds winged; panicles curv 3. E. recurva.
1. E. racemosa (L.) Nutt. cid 1-4 m. tall, the twigs glabrous, at least
in age: leaf-blades elliptic, 2-7 . long: calyx- oe triangular, becoming
triangular-lanceolate or deltoid- e: corolla 8—9
long: anthers Le shorter oe the filaments: a
sule n mm. —Acid swamps and bogs, a
Plain, and hide other provinces, Fla. to La
Pa., and Mass.
2. E. elongata Small Shrub 1-3 m. tall, the twigs
copiously pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic, or some
times elliptic- eee or rage 2 Ji
long: ealyx-lobes lanceolate, often Gy
rolla 7-8 mm. long: a anthers slightly ee "m the
filaments: capsule 3-4 mm. wide.—Acid swamps and
sandhill ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S Va.
3. E. recurva (Buckl) Small. Shrub 1-4 m. tall, the twigs glabrous at least
in age: leaf-blades ovalelliptie or oval, 4-10 cm. long: calyx-lobes ovate or
elliptie-ovate: corolla 6-7 mm. long; 1 obes e de anthers nearly as long as the
laments: ule 5-6 mm. wide.—Rocky woods, in acid soil, Blue Ridge to
Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Tenn. and Va.
| 12. LEUCOTHOE D. Evergreen shrubs with weak stems and
eu Leaves uu "blades shallowly toothed, sometimes obseurely
so, or entire. Flow in racemes from the axils of the persistent leaves.
Calyx-lobes longer dun the p corolla white, ovoid or mostly urceolate:
lobes very short. Stamens 10, included: anthers mem Capsule depressed.
out 30 species, American and Asiatio, —Spr.— Fr ETTER-BUSHES
Filaments scabrous or short-pubescent, straight or nearly so: anthers prominently
Calyx-lobes strongl imbricate in anthesis: leaf-blades
abruptly pointed or short-acuminate. 1. L. axillaris.
Sa s 2 RECEN imbricate in anthesis: leaf-blades long-
2. L. Catesbaei.
Filaments. ‘villous, sigmoid-eurved above: anthers obscurely bi-
mucronate: twigs pale: leaf-blades fo Galante acute or short-
acuminate. 3. L. acuminata.
axillaris (Lam.) D. Don. Shrub 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades ane 2o
elliptic -lane se or rarely ee to broadly elliptic, 4-15 em
larger calyx-lobes ovate: corolla 6- m. long; lobes
ovate: agile ule 6-7 mm. wide. LL. Pre ylla Small]
—Damp woods, swampy thickets, and stream-banks
in rather “acid soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and
S Va.
L. Catesbaei (Walt.) A. Gray. Shrub 1-2 m. tall:
s blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 6-15 em
long: larger calyx-lobes ovate: corolla 5.5-6.5 mm.
bout 5
long; lobes ovate: ee id abou mm. wide.— (Ivy. C ;
SwITcH-Ivy. DoG-HOBBLE.)—-Wooded slopes, usually
along streams, oe to Appalachian Plateau, Ga.
to Ala. , Tenn, and V.
1002 |». ERICACEAE
3. L. acuminata (Ait.) D. Don. Shrub 1—4 m. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate :
ovate- du. ae em. long: larger PEDE broadi y o ovate, eiliolat
corolla 8-10 mm. long; lobes ovate: capsule about 5-6 mm. wide.—Sw anh
ponds, and low hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. "e.
YDENDRUM DC. Deciduous-leaved shrubs or trees. Leaves alter-
nate: blades serrate. Flowers drooping in horizontally expanded panicles
Calyx-lobes 5, persistent. Corolla white, ovoid or conic, 5-lobed. Filaments
dilated, pubescent all over: anthers linear, Fe
awnless, narrower than the filaments. Stigma
ntire. Capsule ovoid, erect on a reeurved
pedicel, the valve-margins thickened.—One
Species
1. O. d (L.) DC. Shrub or tree be-
coming m. tall: leaf- blades elliptic De
elliptic- ee 8—20 em. lo
panicles 1-2 dm. long, the peas pesa
dise at maturity: calyx-lobes ovate: co-
r e
a., Ind., and S i
um.—tThe tree is s used in fee "The bsc rown, hard, Coss -grained heart-
wood. is used for tool-handles and machinery. The fowers furni sh a very
pale hon
14. ZENOBIA D. Don. Deciduous- leaved shrubs. Leaves alternate:
blades entire or shallowly ied Flowers in clusters from axillary buds.
Calyx-lobes 5, longer than the tube. Corolla white or pink, often campanulate:
lobes 5, very broad. unu 10, included: anthers slender-awned. Capsule
depressed.—Only the following species.—Spr.
Pedicels and lower surfaces of the leaf-blades green: calyx less than 7 mm. wi
1. Z. n OE
Pedicels and lower surface of the leaf-blades densely glaucous:
calyx over 7 mm. wide. 2. Z. pulverulenta.
1. Z. cassinefolia c Pollard. Shrub
-2 m. tall, the foli green: leaf-blades
elliptie, varying B r aN 2—6
to fd or Oo
em. long, shallowly serrate: rolla 8-10
m. long.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, NE Fla.
to N. C.
2. Z. pulverulenta (Willd.) Pollard. Shrub
2 the foliage glaucous: leaf-
e 0
blades elliptie to s : ng, entire
or obseurely serrate mm. Bees
—Pinelands, Coastal Pisin. “can (or Fla.?)
2 N. two zenobia » distinctive
— The
mong our heaths by the en shades
their foli lage. ~ one is a pale-green the
other is glaucou
l ERIS D. Don. Evergreen shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades dis-
ay toothe Flowers in axillary and terminal racemes formed the year
before they — Calyx-lobes 5, much longer than the tube. Corolla white,
ERICACEAE 1003
.of an ovoid type, 5-lobed. Filaments unappendaged:
anthers appendaged. Capsule globular, varying to
spheroidal or ovoid.—About 6 species, North Ameri-
can and hase
1. P. floribunda (Pursh) Benth. Shrub 3-18 dm
n
lanceolate, gene less than % as lon d as the bid
capsule 5-6 long, not depre — (Mov
FETTER-BUSH. yin d soil, Blue a to o Plateau, Ga. to Tenn.
and S Va.—Spr.—s
16. AMPELOTHAMNUS Small Evergreen shrubs or woody vines, the
branehes nearly terete. Leaves alternate: blades leathery, more or less toothed
above the middle. Panicles raceme-like, borne solitary in the leaf-axils. Calyx-
lobes 5, appressed to the corolla, leathery. Corolla white, ovoid, the tube
slightly, if 2 al angled: lobes very short, nearly
erect. Filaments flat, broad, sigmoid-curved near the
top, unappendaged: a appendaged. Capsule
spheroidal_—One spec
1. A. phillyreifolius (Hook.) Small. “Shrub with
ing t by creeping under r bar eaf bado
elliptic or b or rarely elliptic. ‘oblanceolate. o or obo-
vate, 2-7 long, serrate near the apex: calyx-lobes
lanceolate o or narrowly trian Mine eRe t mostly
as
long as the corolla: Poe 7—-8.5 mm. long:
capsule slightly depressed 3—4 mm. long.—Moist pinelands and ponds, Coastal
Plain, N Fla., to Ala. and Ga —NWint —spr.—Apparently the only climbing vine
in this family in our pop,
17. DESMOTHAMNUS Small. Evergreen des with prominently
angled branches and o foliage. Leaves altern d thick-leathery,
entire, with intram arginal veins. Flower-clusters ius o the leaves of the
preceding year. Calyx- o 5 narrow, somewhat pir oppi " Corolla
white, pink, or ir ovoi conn ureeolate, nodding,
cosi ed at the orifice. Filaments slender above
the slightly dilated pound glabrous, each with a pair
of appendages ne he top: anthers unappendaged
rounded at the apex, the sutures thickened.—One
1. cidus (Lam.) Small. Shrub 1.5-2 m. tall:
me blades leathery, o > oval or obov
abruptly a
zate, 2—8
inate: flower-clusters ' axil-
lar: s od aoe ince acuminate: corolla white or rose, 7-9
m. long, fully twice as long as the calyx: capsu ule 3.5—4 mm. long. [Pieris
nitida B. —(FETTER-BUSH.)—Moist pinelands, DS ponds, bays,
and serub, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S Va.—Spr.-
1004 ERICACEAE
18. NEOPIERIS Britton. Deciduous- s shrubs with terete Hiro.
and sparingly pubescent or glabrate foliage. eaves alternate: in-
leathery, entire, without intramarginal veins. TTA along the pid
branches of the previous year. Calyx-lobes 5, DIS deciduous with the leaves.
orollà white or pink, cylindraceous-cam
panulate, nodding. Filaments flat, pubes-
cent, each with a pair of appendages
near the top: anthers unappendaged. Style
nan Capsule of an ovoid type, trun-
ca, the contracted ce the sutures
nn ces — One spec
1. N. mariana (L.) Britton. Shru m.
tall: leaf- yd Mr ca elliptie to oval,
or nearly s . long, obtuse or apicu-
late: o a lateral: calyx-lobes
broadly rac aed acute: corolla white or
pinkish, 10—12 . long, = ped sd as
ong as the ae capsu 7-9 m ong.—
(STAGGER-BUSH. ) — P und. and acid ae Coastal Plain, and occasionally
other provinces, Fla. to Ark., W. Va. and R. I.—Spr.
i yp lee
eS
uni ram
T T
E MEE
M N
(e
qd
diit.
DI
-
^N
WM! 1
19. XOLISMA Raf. Evergreen shrubs with lepidote foliage. Leaves
alternate: blades leathery, entire or nearly so, often reticulate. Flower-clus-
ters in the axils of the persistent leaves of the previous year. Calyx-lobes
broad, short, persistent. Corolla white or pink, globular to urceolate, with short
spreading or recurved lobes. Filaments gi ng u
pendage apsule ——— due n of an ovoid type, prominently
nid Ate ut 35 species, North fee s or all year S.—STAGGER-
BUSH
Leaves oe reduced toward the ends of the branches; blades oe
reticula 1. X.
. X. fer
Leaves much reduced toward the ends of the branches; blades
. X. fruticosa.
uginea.
prominently "etae
1. X. ferruginea (Walt.) Heller. Evergreen
oblanceolate, 2.5—7 cm. long, scarcely reticu-
late: corolla 2.5-3 mm. dar ng, angled at the
base: ip cap 4.5-5 mm. long.—Hammocks
with acid humus, sandhills and rw
Coastal | Plain, Fla. to S. C.
2. X. pi aid (Michx.) Nash. Evergreen
shrub 1-3 tall: leaves much reduc
toward the ends of the branches; blades
oval, obovate, or oblanceolate, reticulate:
corolla 3.5-5 mm. long, rounded at the
base: capsule 4—4.5 mm. long.—Hammoeks and pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to S. C.
ERICACEAE | 1005
20. ARSENOCOCCUS Small. Deciduous-leaved shrubs with more or less
pubescent foliage. Leaves alternate: blades membranous or thickish. Flower-
clusters in terminal panicled racemes. Calyx-lobes broad, short, persistent.
Corolla white, urceolate, usually globular or depressed, with very short spreading
or recurved lobes. Filaments thickened below the anthers, unappendaged.
Capsule depressed, not angled.—Only the following species.—Spr.-sum.—MALE-
BERRIES.
Racemes and panicles leafy-bracted
: 1. A. fro
Racemes and panicles naked or nearly so. 2. ws
EMO UN
l. A. frondosus (Pursh) Small. ee tie i. shrub 1-4 m. tall: leaf-
gees - to narrowly elliptie, or someti oval or obovate, 2-8 em. ee
corolla 5
mm. wide. [Andr
fiora Michx.]—Swamps and low po es
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S
2. A. ligustrinus (L.) Small Deciduous-
leaved shrub 1—4 m. tall: leaf-blades elliptie
em. long, entire or indis-
ost omm
bilge adi e e globular, mainly
4
wide.—Dry woods and thickets, hill-
sides, moist thickets, acid ue va-
us provinces, Fla. to Ar k., W. Va., and
e.
1. EPIGAEA L. Evergreen creeping aidin with woody roots,
Leaves alternate: blades entire. Flowers perfect or dioecious, in aua
clust al es 5, DUC but
eareely accrescent. Corolla white or pink,
salverform, the b 5 ts
slender, with a tuft of hairs near the middle:
anthers ellipsoid-ovoid, awnles Stigma 5-
lobed. Capsule depressed ios species, the
following, and one in Japan.
5
Woy NNNM SS LII
CO E +
1. E. repens L. Stem and branches 5-30
em. long, hirsute: leaf- ea UMS to
oo ics or suborbicular, 2-10 em. long, É
nely reticulate: calyx-lo ba es lanceolate,
a cor ee about twice as long a
the calyx; lobes ovate: Ti depressed 5-
lobed —( TR pu Ei MAYFLOWER.)
—D oods and banks, i in acid soil, various
provinces, Fla. to Miss., Sask and Newf.—Spr.—One of the very popular
T du and np E in many localities. The flowers are very
fragra
22. GAULTHERIA L. Evergreen undershrubs, with rootstocks. Leaves
alternate, approximate near the ends of the branches: blades shallowly toothed.
1006 VACCINIACEAE
Flowers axillary. Calyx-lobes 5, persistent
accrescent. orolla urceolate, 5-lobed.
merican and Asiatic.
1. G. procumbens L. Plant 3-15 em. tall:
leaf-blades oval or Aue varying to ovate
or obovate, 1.5-6 cm. long, serrate: Pen
mm. long;
t
lobes rved: fruit globular, 7-11 mm
thick, pas or white, Spicy.— (WINTERGREEN
CREEPI NG-WINTERGREEN. CHECKERBERRY. WIN ER-BERRY. TEABERRY.)—Woods
and swamps, in acid humus, various provinces, in Coastal Plain iu northward,
Ga. to Ala., Mich., Man., and Newf.
Shrubs, some cases with underground stems, or small trees, or
rarely ES or ereeping plants. Leaves alternate, in some species ever-
green: blades simple. Flowers perfect, regular, either solitary, in racemes,
or in panicles, usually nodding. Calyx “of 4 or 5 sepals. Corolla of
4 or 5 petals, in most genera partly united. Androecium of twice as man
stamens as there are corolla-lobes. Anthers in most species bearing dor-
sal appendages and apical tubes. Gyno or 5 united carpels.
eciu
Ovary inferior, or in one genus half-inferior. Styles united. Fruit a
berry or drupe.—About 25 genera and 300 species, widely distributed.—
Most species thrive best in sandy acid soil.
Pale 10-celled: fruit a berry-like drupe with = au TEE GAYLUSSACIEAE.
Ovary 4- or 5- celled : oe a many-seeded berry or
us few-seeded
Ovary wholly inferior anther- sacs with tubular tips:
typically colored.
Petals more or less united: berry variously colored,
but when red not markedly a cid. II. VACCINIEAE.
Petals distinet: berry red, very "acid. IIT. OXXCOCCEAE.
md one-half inferior or less: anther-sacs 2- pronged at
apex: berry white. IV. CHIOGENEAE.
I. GAYLUSSACIEAE
Leaves deciduous; blades enti
Inflorescence with dod dugUE bracts: hypanthium and
fruit glabro
Inflorescence o with P bracts: hypanthium and
ruit pubæcent or glandular
Leaves evergreen; blades t toothed.
DECACHAENA.
LASIOCOCCOS.
gu n
t
VACCINIEAE
Petals united nearly 7 their tips; corolla campanulate to
lobose, more or ed urceolate: berry not red.
Upright shrubs or tre
sor olla campanulate: anthers awned.
Anthers included : ypanthium jointed to the
E deep: berry ae rather dry. 4. BATODENDRON.
nthiu
the pedicel, shallow: berry in some speci
pale, Bo skinned, and bitter, in others IAS
bu sipid. 5. POLXCODIUM.
Corolla E S campanulate-urceolate, or cyl in-
draceous: anthers Qu ES berry blue, black, or
rarely whitish, juicy and sweet. 6. CYANOCOCCUS.
: ` Ae A^
Faminty 5. VACCINIACEAE — HUCKLEBERRY FAMILY
VACCINIACEAE 1007
Trailing shrub. 7. HERPOTHAMNUS.
Petals united only near the base, recurved: corolla rotate:
berry red or purplish. 8. HUGERIA.
III. OxvcocckAE
Slender Rui with trailing and creeping stem ms, and small
pin A r pinkish ne m calyx-lobes meeting over the top
he mature o 9. Oxycoccus.
IV. CHIOGENE
Aromatic creeping plant with inconspicuous flowers: calyx-
lobes not meeting over the top of the m ature ovary. 10. CHIOGENES.
1, DECACHAENA T. & G. Resinous-dotted or resinous-coated shrubs,
with tap-roots, or with underground stems. Leaves deciduous: blades mem-
branous, entire. Flowers in lax panicles from wood of previous season, the
the two following genera are often included in Gaylussacia which, however, tech-
nically considered, forms a group of plants confined mostly to northern South
America.
Leaf-blades thick-membranous, obtuse or notched at the apex: sepals ovate Bt del-
toid: filaments glabrous: anther- tubes lon I. FRONDOSAE.
Leaf-blades thin-membranous, acute or acu minate: sepals broader
than long: filaments pubescent : anther-tubes short. II. URSINAE.
I.
Corolla campanulate or globular- meiden p upe blue, glaucous.
Corolla about 4 mm long: sepals about one-third as ns as the corolla-tube,
'orolla-lobes about one-fifth as long as the tube: leaf-
blades glaucous, and sometimes finely pubescen nt be-
. neath. 1. D. frondosa.
Corolla-lobes about one-third as long as the tube: leaf-
blades cop lously pubescent beneath. 2. D. tomentosa.
Corolla about 3 mm. lo ong: sepals nearly one-half as long as
the c orolla-tube. 3. D. nana.
a. Coni to cylindraceous : drupe black. 4. D. baccata.
I. E
Slenderly branched shrub: sepals broad, half-orbicular to reni-
form. 5. D. ursina.
1. D. frondosa (L.) T. & G. Stem widely branched, up to 3 m. tall, the you ng
c finely puce nu or the twigs glabrous: leaf- blades elliptic to oval,
at rho pward,
whit
mm. long: end slightly pem
than the filaments: drupes 8-10 mm. in di-
RRY. TANGLEBERRY.)—Aci Du and
moist woods, various provinces, Fla. o La.
Ohio, and N. H.
D. tomentosa (Pursh) Small. Ste
strict, up to 11 dm. tall, the twigs an
1008 VACCINIACEAE
Or Eo. dp nearly mm. long; anthers longer than the filaments:
dru n diameter ; dull. [Gaylussacia Hr UE Small]—Moist pine-
lands, o "Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.
3. D. nana (A. Gray) Small. Stem strict, up to 6 dm. tall, the twigs finely
nearer leaf-blades elliptic to narrow wly obovate, 2-3 em. long, rugose,
glaucous: panicles rather numerous, the branches glaucous or resinous-dott ted:
hypanthium and calyx glabrous, glaucous: Soria white or E P eds
about 2.5 mm. long; anthers about as long as the filaments: drupe mm
diameter, dull. fis coe nana Small Dry to moist open e ad pue
Ala. Ga.
4. D. baccata (Wang.) Small. Stem much -branched up to 12 dm. tall: leaf-
blades elliptie to oval or somewhat obovate or ovate, 2-4.5 em. long, sticky-
ino nd fi
n
bloom (or blue and with bloom, in D. bac cata glaucocarpa), sometimes shining,
sweet. [Gaylussacia resinosa (Ait.) T. & G.]— m dde Md
woods, thickets, and swamps, usually in acid soil, various provinces, Ga. to La.
Sask., Ont., and Ne ewf
5. D. ursina (M. A. Curtis) Small. Stem nori branched, up to 1.5 m. tall,
igs finely deer leaf-blades varying from elliptic, to obovate and
m. long, thin, bright-green with se attered hairs, espe-
cially on the veins: Die lax, the branches with scatter = por hypanthium
lyx j ] lo mm
nd ca labrous, with resinous globules: corolla g —5 o
stamens 3.5—4 lo thers much shorter than the laments drupe 10-12
. in diameter, shining, oe or sometimes sweet and d flavor
[Gaylussacia ursma M. is.] — (BEAR-HUCKLEBERRY UCKBERRY.)—
Wooded slopes and summits, Pes = acid humus, Blue Ridge aad occasionally
adj. provinces, Ga. to Tenn. and N. C. — Erroneously reported from Ky.
2. LASIOCOCCUS Small. pd ipa shrubs, often with under
ground stems, the branches erect. Leaves tardily deciduous: blades thick-
membranous, veiny. Flowers in lateral once raceme-like panicles on pre-
vious year’s wood, with large persistent bracts and bractlets. Sepals glandular-
ciliate. Corolla campanulate, white or pi is tamens about equaling tig
co a
exceeding the sacs. Drupe black, shining, pubescent. Gar the following
speeies.—Spr.—GOPHERBERRIES. DWARF-HUCKLEBERRIES.
Hypanthium glandular-puberulent: corolla globular-urceolate, wider than long.
1. L. dumosus.
Hypanthium eo a -hirsute: corolla campanulate-urceolate,
longer than
Pe deltoid, "Slightly acuminate : corolla-lobes broadly ovate,
h 2. L. Mosieri.
d
D
B"
ct
É5
ee
B
ji
oo
cB
e m
uz
[e
ar
Nn
le]
ct
(D
pa iu
Sepals osae deod obtuse: corolla-lobes reniform acutish:
ute.
nthium short-hirsu 3. L. orocola.
1. L. dumosus (Andr.) Small. Stem 1-3 dm. tall or rarely mor
puberulent: leaf-blades obovate to spatulate, or sometimes ay Bee or
VACCINIACEAE 1009
al, 2-4 cm. long, minutely pubescent, at
y ul
ve ndular hairs: sepals ovate to
deltoid-ovate, often unequal: corolla 5—7
j s subreniform e
Plain,
x E boa E „Stem 8—15 = Mr
silvery,
gland Hee hairs rie blades elliptic ys eliptic- T or oblanceolate, p. 6
m. long, sparsely ce m pubescent on both sides when young, s at
veiny in age: inflor ce-branches spreading, often Gane m one "like
twigs: a deltoid, slightly acuminate: corolla 8-9 mm. long, the lobes
E ovate: stamens bet tween 6 and 7 mm. long; anthers between 5 and 6
mm. long, the tubular appendages much longer than s sacs: drupe 8-10 mm.
in diameter. [Gaylussacia hirtella (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]— i Poe d enr
Fla. ac Dust Hou the Bia C ors Byam 2 Fla. difie s from
preceeding species in the thieker leaf-blades whieh are Hound. elliptic
or oval and not gradually narrowed to the base. It is known loeally as woolly-
berry.
3. L. a Small. Stem up to 11 Pu Mie the twigs downy: leaf-blades
elliptic o or r slightly broadened upward, 2—4 m. long, with pii scattered hairs
n bo S
—9 mm. lon
e lobes reniform: stamens about 6 mm. long; anthers about 5 mm. long, the
tubular appendages very slender, end longer than the saes.—Swamps, Blue
Ridge, N. C.
3. BUXELLA Small. Nearly glabrous shrubs with extensive underground
d
stems and branches, the branchlets erect or assurgent, sharply ri idged. Leaves
evergreen: blades ed oothed. Flowers in axillary congested raceme-
ike panicles with deciduous bracts. Hypanthium saucer-shaped. Sepa s broad,
sho
glabrous. Corolla eee pink. Stamens much rter than the corolla.
Anthers shorter than the broad filaments, with apical tubes shorter than the
bodies. Drupe dark-blue, usually glaucous,
or rarely white with a pink cheek.—One
species.
B. ican be nd Smal. Plant
shallowl
ach tooth with a deciduous stipi itate gla aa
ja
tuse:
corolla angled, 5-7 mm. long, the lobes as
broad as long or broader, much shorter than
the tube: drupe subglobose to pyriform, 7-12
mm. long. [Vaccinium brachycerum Michx
64
1010 VACOINIACEAE
Gaylussacia brachycera A. Gray]—(BOX-HUCKLEBERRY. JERUSALEM-HUCKLE-
ERRY. IPER.)—W ooded slopes Rer i1 north, in acid soil, px
provinees, E Tenn., a Ky. d S border o Pa., Md., and Del.;
develope ed in SE W. Va., un pone CR iE ps in "isolated patches, bis
repr Bc anr a EUN plant —BSpr.—Where abundant the berries are made into
a preserve.
4. BATODENDRON Nutt. Shrubs or small trees, with much-branched
stems. Leaves somewhat persistent: blades thin-coriaceous, often glandular
denticulate. Flowers in leafy-bracted pan-
icles. Sepals acute. Corolla campanulate,
white or pinkish. Stamens shorter than the
corolla: anther-sacs longer than the fila-
ments, shorter than the apical-tubes. Berry
black, shining, many-seeded.—T wo or three
speeies, in the southern United States.
B. arboreum (Marsh.) Nutt. Stem
lobes acute or acutish, much shorte
the tube: anthers about 3 mm. long: Pese globose, 5-6 mm. in diameter, the
pulp rather dry.—(SPARKLEBERRY. FARKLEBERRY. TREE-HUCKLEBERRY. GOOSE-
BERRY. ee various provinces, Fla. to Tex., ay
a. ne
g
ealeareous soil. “The brown, hard, very close-grained wood is used for ton:
handles
5. POLYCODIUM Raf. Shrubs with irregularly branched stems. Leaves
deciduous: blades thick-membranous, often pubescent or glaucous, entire.
Flowers in leafy panicles. eid s rounded, acute, or acuminate. Corolla white
or greenish, open-campanula Stamens longer than " corolla: anther-saes
shorter than the filaments, much Pu. than the apieal tubes. Berry green,
nin Pus ua or black, in many species glaucous, dull, few-seeded.—
s, in eastern North America.—Spr.—BUCKBERRIES. SQUAW-
HUCKLEBERRIES, DEERBERRIES. GOOSEBERRIES.
Racemes or panicles with bracts tape A the leaves of the branches and usually
about as large: berry greenish or blue
Leaves and branchlets pubescent, 1. P. floridanum,
Leaves and branchlets glabrous. 2. P. Ashei.
Bon d: pon oes with bracts conspicuously smaller than
the
Leaves 2nd. branchlets EO 9. P. neglectum.
Leaves and branchlets pubescen
dopo ics to ovate- deltoid, not exceeding the
olla pee corolla- lobes usually shorter
kan the
Hypanthium ‘and calyx glabrous, oe the cilio-
late sepals, green or glaucous: berry green,
yellowish, or glaucous.
wo qe rather pale-green beneath: berry
een or yellowish. 4. P. stamineum.
Leaf-blades glaucous, ee chalky-white
beneath; berry glaucou . P. candicans.
VACCINIACEAE 1011
Hypanthium and calyx pubescent: berry plum-
purple or nearly black.
Sepals a plants erect up to 1.5 m.
ta
Corolla about thrice as long as the ES.
idis abou ds 1 m long in anthes
amens mm. lon 6. P. melanocarpum.
Corolla D Duce as long as the calyx:
sepals about 2 long in anthesis:
stam mene 3.5-4.5 m ` long. T. P. macilentum,
iis obtuse or merely B Uie plants de-
sed. 8. P. depressum.
Sepals lucis exceeding the corolla-sinuses:
corolla-lobes longer than the tube. 9. P. leptosepalum.
1. P. floridanum (Nutt.) Greene. Stem up to 1.5 m. tall, the branchlets loosely
s -pubescent: leaf-blades oval to ovate or obovate, or a few suborbieular, 1.5— 4
. long, finely pubescent, especially on the
whitish lower surface, abruptly narrowed at
the base, rounded or even subcordate, closely
cent:
reticulate-veined : pedicels pubescent: sepals
bearded at the apex: stamens 4—5 mm. long:
ry subglobose to pyriform, abou m
in diam . ca Greene ]|—Pine-
ands, scrub, and hammocks, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to S. C. |
2. P. Ashei Harbison. Stem up
usually 1 m. tall the eM glabrous:
ig Med .elliptie to oval, varying to s
obovate 9.5— 5.5 em. end
a u
late-veined : pedicels Sa ay sepals glab-
rous: stamens mostly 5-6 mm. long: berry subglobose, 9-12 mm. in diameter,
with copious T —Pinelands and barren ridges, Coastal Plain and rarely
adj. provinces, Ga. to S. C.
. neglectum Small. Stem up to 2 m. tall, D ds branehlets: leaf-
blades elliptie to oval, elliptic- Baedain, or cuneate, glabrous: hypanthium
gl us: sepals glabrous: stamens mostly 5-6 mm. de berry subglobose to
globose-obovoid, 5-8 mm. in diameter, green or yellow.—Open woods and thick-
ets, various provinces, Fla. to La., Kans., and S Va.
amineum (L.) Greene. Stem up to 2 m. tall, with pee branchlets:
leaf- blades oval to elliptie, varying to somewhat o vate or ebovate, 3-7 cm. long,
rounded or abruptly narrowed at the base, E pale dee hypanthium
TOUS: very a ili
s about 7 mm. long:
berry globular, about 10 mm. in diameter, green.—Hillsi de es and o woods, in
rather acid soil, various provinces, Ga. to La., Minn., Sask., and Me.
. P. candicans Small. Stem up to 2 m. tall, ine pen A n
branehlets: leaf-blades P sometimes narrowly s arying to somewhat
ovate or obovate, 3-10.5 em. long, acute or somewh 7 ac PIA IE light. green
above, white benea th aa more or pee finely ae ee nt: pedi cels minutely
pubescent: hypanthium B aueous: sepals sparingly pubescent or ciliate with
dition:
ong: us globular, about 10-11 mm. in diameter, glaucous.—
Acid od Piedmont to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala. and Pa.
6. P. melanocarpum (C. Mohr.) Small. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall, with copiously
pubescent branchlets: leaf- blades elliptic to elliptic. -lanceolate, elliptic- -oblanceo-
1012 VACCINIACEAE
late, or a few ovate, 4-11 em. long, acute or somewhat acuminate, permanently
pubescent, at least beneath: pedicels pubescent and sometimes glandular:
n oe B sepals p ciliate and sometimes with large ses-
sile glands edge s: o ad m. samen stamens 7-8 mm. long: berry
globose, dou Pp in diam "pibe Eni when young, glabrous at matu-
rity.—Sandy ous aaa uum. Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to
Miss., Mo., and N. C.
B. ilentum Small. Stem about 1 m. tall, with closely p moo
Sat eee leaf-blades elliptic, sometimes narrowly so, varying t hat
ovate or obovate, 2.5-8 em. long, finely pubescent, especia ie beneath. “slightly
veiny at maturity: pedicels closely pubescent MES gla o hairs: cs um
and bonc elosely pubescent: sepals ciliate: corolla 2-3 mm. long: men T 5—
4.5 . long: berry not seen mature ,bute dep. iens ‘smalle r EM in the
next gor species.—Pinelands, in the Coastal Plain of Ala.
P. depressum Small. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, with finely d ag
a blades Med or nearly so, or r individually broadly elliptic mm. long,
closely pubescent: pedicels Bere ent with ail hairs: b dad a oe
pubescent: sony ` pubescent: corolla about 4 mm. long: Mi about 7 mm.
long: berry not seen.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ww Fla. o S La.
P. leptosepalum Small. Ste to 1 m. tall with api aka eae
boue oed eae elliptic or slightly bro adencd upward, 3-6.5 . lon
somewhat acuminate, finely reticulate beneath, minutely pu ubescent on the veins
on ae sides: ee eds eum cent: hypanthiu mE. sepals lanceolate, more
or less pubescent, shaggy- pai cr about 4 mm. long, the lobes longer
Bn o tube: stamens 5-6 m ong: berry not seen.—Rich woods, Miss.
Note: Sinee the above matter was in type species additional to those de-
seribed de have been proposed by William Willard Ashe in Jour. Elisha
Mitchell Sei. Soc. 46: 196—213, 1931.
6. CYANOCOCOUS Rydb. Shrubs often with underground stems and erect
branches, or small trees, the foliage glabrous or pubescent. Leaves evergreen
or deciduous, sometimes tardily so: blades coriaceous or firm-membranous, en-
tire or toothed. Flowers in braeted racemes or panicles, more or less fascicled.
Sepals broad, persistent. Corolla urceolate, soos nap ae -urceolate, or cylin-
draceous, white to red. Stamens Mai d: fila ments pu ent: anthers awn-
less, with cag tubes. Berry r black and sea or Rud red, many-
species, "o distributed. —Spr.very early sum.—
UEBERRIES. e E
good interpretation of the species. The plants flowering and fruiting at widely
different seasons usually results in the pn dd of incomplete specimens.—The
berries of many species are gathered for the market. Several kinds are cul-
tivated in order to supply the demand.. The "rre species were heretofore
included in Vaccinium.
Leaves evergreen: blades fleshy-coriaceo I. NITIDI.
Leaves deciduous, sometimes partly persistent with the blades
membranous or thin-coriaceous southward.
Hypanthium and calyx glabrous, often pig cono: II. CORYMBOSI.
Hypanthium and calyx glandular-pubescent. III. HIRSUTI.
ITIDI
Shrub with numerous small green or moon glaucous leaves, white or pink
corollas, and black or sometimes eines: fruit 1. C. Myrsinites,
VACCINIACEAE
II. CORYMBOS
Corolla cylindric or cylindraceous, gcc twice as
long as thick.
more or less De beneath, serrulate or
individually entire and cilia
Leaf-blades thin-coriaceous: coros red or reddish.
Leaf-blades membranous, but often firm in age:
co-
rolla P. white or pinkis
Low pla m. or A more): Jeaf-blades
= decidedly broadened upward,
lle er plants: leaf-blades of an elliptic or oval
t a few, or rarely m
m : leaf- blades usually
r 3—8 em. lon ng: the branches stout.
Leaf-blades SIADEOUE. entire, eciliate.
Corolla urceola Ee or nulate, mostly less than twice as
ong as
Heal surfaces. Dee t, sometimes mainly or only on the
midrib above or benea h.
Tall shrubs, exceedin c
dominantly of an elliptie type
Peduncle glabrous: juvenile Teat- blades more or
less pubescent, but not downy
Leaf-blades ciliate or serrulate.
Leaf-blades ciliate.
leaf-blades pre-
pu jack: branches light-green,
Berry blue: branches dark- -green.
Leaf-blades serrulate, the teeth often hair-
ipp
Leaf-blades pale
and finely
wide.
Leaf blades green beneath, with scat-
bue spine-like hairs on the midrib
nd veins about 0.5 mm. wide.
Leaf-blades entire and eciliate, Aie pubes-
eneath :
or glaucescent beneath
pubescent: seeds about 1
rous "on both sides or pubescent on the
midrib ADO ove
dE pubescent on the midrib above, glabrous
UT blades ciliate-serrulate : E oe -green.
eaf-blades entire: branchlets pa ale-g
Leaf Diades glabrous on both si
eaf-blades narrowed at the Mm often cuneate.
Leak. blades rounded to cordate at the base.
HIRSUTI
III.
Shrub with copiously pubescent foliage and flowers:
bracts
somewhat foliaceous, persistent.
C. Myrsinites (Lam.) Small.
obovate, oblanceolate, oval, elliptic, or ovate,
glandular shallow te th, gr
and sparingly pubescent beneath (or glaucous
essentially glabro n 1
inium Myrsinites glauc
: sepals broadly
Ped ph abou
meter. LY. 2000 RM ]—
ser ae pos e and open woods, in acid
uen Plain, Fla. d La. and N. a.2).—
Recent ae indicat that T.n nitidum, maintained
n Fl. SE. U. S., is not Bare distinet
6-20 n
C. fuscatus (Ait.)
Sm Stem
branehlets finely pubescent:
1-2.5 m.
2. C. fuscatus.
3. C. tenellus.
4. C. Elliott.
5. C. amoenus.
. C. virgatus.
T. C. atrococcus.
8. C. corymbosus,
9. C. simulatus.
10. C. Cuthberti.
11. C. holophyllus.
12. C. Margarettae
3. C. vacillans.
14. C. pallidus.
15. C. liparus
16. C. tallapusae,
17. C. subcordatus.
18.
Stem 2-6 dm. tall, n branched: leaf-blades
m. long with DERDE and
1013
hirsutus.
tall, irregularly branched, the
leaf-blades ovate, oval, or elli iptic, varying to
1014 VACCINIACEAE
lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3-7 cm. long, or some 12 cm., firm in age, finely
pubescent at least beneath, "NES. Em shallowly Lage? A B entire:
ekr ovate to Hr Or Pos Md DN obtuse: red or E ed sh, RUE 9
long: stam long: ber peu bose, Pa dde: in dia
nans ek "ow ie ade sandhil and ancient dun nes, Coas tal "Plain,
Fla. to La., Ark., Ga.—Charae md by its RPM branehing and irregu-
lar leaves with RUD Doc coUe pie
: - pissed i. ) Small. Stem 2-3 dm. tall or rarely more, from underground
branchlets copiously ela leaf-blades oblanceolate,
ub hue dee or spatulate, 1-2.5 em. long, m a obscurely toothed:
a ovate to us : oid, ia ae conic, 5-7 mm. long: stamens about
. long: ber n diam black eae the bloom. —Pinelands,
oe o and asid ane margins, Goan stal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla.
to Miss., Tenn., and S Va. Often growing in lar pi E LA The flowers,
a pink or z whitish, are sometimes tinged with gree
4. C. Elliottii (Chapm.) Small. Stem 1-2.5 m. tall, dd dd the branchlets
pubescent: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or elliptic, 1-2.5 c ong, or rarely longer,
often uu eden uniform in size, acute or obtuse, ea eo or erenu-
late, finely pubescent on both sides, or sometimes above only on the midribs:
sepals Mun n F E no than long, n ea ne pink or pinkish, 5-6
. long: 5.5 mm. long: berry subglobose, 7-8 mm. in diameter,
m to bluish. black. a ee bloom. ee pin nelands acid swamps, stream-
banks, and thickets, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, N Fla. to Tex. , Ark.,
and Va. —The leaves often suggest Hote of cassena (Ilez vomitoria.)
5. C. amoenus (Ait.) Small. Stem 1-5 m. tall, the branches ii id eel
pubescent: leaf-blades variously elliptic 9- 8 em. long, acute tim
short-acu
au
rarely reniform-ovate, bani about as broad as E Ms pur corolla
white to pinkish, 7-10 m ir pac: cylindraceous- eampanulate: stamens 6-9 m
long: berry globular, 6—10 mm. in diameter, black with a bloom causing di
to appear blue. [V. corym onm in UT CFL. SE U.S. ee bogs, meadows,
woods and yaa various provinces, re to Ark., Mich., and N. S.—Long con-
fuse iP vith - orymbosus from which t differs in its s leaves, and its
more narro and differently shaped My A form with non-glaucous hy-
panthium, ieee and ea and with the leaf-blades Bo det beyond the middle
may bea eeu spec A form with glaucous foliage occurs in W Fla., where
various forms are cultivated asa the ic prre blueberry. Vaccinium
Ashei Read seems to belong her
6. C. virgatus (Ait.) Small. Stem 1-3 m. tall, branched, with glabrous branch-
in leaf-blades ~ or oval, or some slightly ovate or obovate, mostly 4-8
long, deep-green above, more or less glaucous bd ie glabrous: sepals
deltoid or nearly so, o, corolla "white or ee 8-10 mm. long: stamens 8-9 mm.
eo pass 7-9 m n diameter, glaucous. [V. ae Small. ape woods
ams, ds and lake shores, "Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala.
pide before the leaves appear or "with their appearance, and cera
by the total absence of hairs on the foliage.
Ts a hg coccus (A. ay) Small 1-2 tall, with 2 a
branches and sparingly ‘pubescent E E blades elliptic or oval,
ae een upward, 3—7 cm. long, entire, mostly acute or short-acun E
dark-green above, lai and more or less pubescent beneath: oe and
VACCINIACEAE 1015
e E Lien Wigs pied than long, B corolla a white 2 D
ish, PL pas ate or somewhat ovoid, 7-8 m ong (rarely 5 mm.):
5-8 m m. long: berry globular, 6-10 m m. in prie not glaucous. Div nem
and w oods, various provi Ga. to Ark. , Ont., and N. B. E ES
the ka 'expand, and SR "ruling earlier than C. corymbosus.
8. C. corymbosus (L.) Ryd “Stem 1-4 m. tal, widely branched, the eed
lets finely ed leaf. lades elliptic, oval, or elliptic- lanceol: ate, 4-8 ¢
long, mostly acute or short-acuminate, deep-green above, more or less pu oben,
sparingly so in n beneath, entire: hypanthium and calyx glaucous: sepals
broader than long, obtuse or broadly rounded: corolla "ie to pinkish, 6—10
mens 6-9 mm. :
mm. long, ovoid to A campanulate: sta: 9 ng y globular,
7-10 mm. in diameter, black, but very glaucous.—Acid bogs, eral a
moist and occasionally rocky woods, various provinces, Ga. in
N ing with the leaves half fy wn; also readily distinguishable
e OW with
from tis nee gdh Ves species by the fruit
imulatus Sm Ste l with irregular branches and
Se pubescent fe "teat carey elliptic to iar iatis d Nerd
REPE or obovate, 2.5-7 em. long, acuminate a erely a rrulat
bright-green above, ee or glabrate and pale or r glane escent o
hypanthium and calyx TN a ie ie sepals reniform, oo ien
corolla urceolate, 3.5—4.5 m ong, white to pinkish-green: m au pm
long: berry globular, 5-7 m n somewhat glauc n drm
Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to "Ala. and S N. von us with
the leaves partly grown
10. uthbertii Small. Stem up to 2.5 m. tall, widely d the branch-
lets wirds leaf-blades elliptie-obovate to ov al, 1.5-3.5 e m. long, acute, ser-
rulate, nearly glabrous, with few scattere minute Spine-like hairs on the veins
heneath, lightly pra vey beneath: hypanthium and ealyx light- o
sepals half-orbicular to orbicular- a corolla white to pin B about 5 m
long, urceolate: stamens 3-4 mm. long, the filaments short and broad: ee
globose, 4-6 mm. in Bent ncn s bvamps, Coastal Plain, Ga. to S. C.—
Flowering with the appearance of the leaves
11. C. holophyllus Small Stem up to 1.5 m. tall, much-branched, the branch-
lets softly Mn ddr E s oval elliptic or individually loq
ove or below the m. long, entire, brownish-pu ent on
both ped when youn ae oe and closely pubestont bene eath: hypan thiu um and
calyx ewhat glaucous: o triangular to half- -orbicular, obtuse:
soit white or pinkish, 6-7 mm. long, eyindraceous ns 5—6 mm. long:
berry globose, 4-6 mm. in ES glaucous.—Abou ee ae Coastal
Plain, Fla. a a.—Flowering with the pen one of the leaves, which, how-
ever, are sometimes partly persistent. The entire leaf-blades are "diagnostic.
`-
12. C. Margarettae (Ashe) Small. Stem up to 2 m. tall, with spreadi ing
ax the branchlets ied soft-pubescent: leaf-blades elliptie to oval o
, 2-3.5 em. long, acute hi slightly acuminate, entire, closely spe dort
disi acute or rounded at the base: hypanthium and e g
broadly ovate to E corolla Baga yellow, more or less oe
with ir o-6 mm. long, or Ru mpan ae e -urceolate: stam
4.5-5.5 mm. long: berry globose, 5-6 mm. ME dri blaek, shining.—Wo ode
Piedmont and Blue Ridge, Ga. to Ala. and S. C. —Flowering with the leaves
half grown. Plants spread by underground stems.
en
25
BS
pe—
eo
per]
[e
o
for}
n
n
QOO
acillans (Kalm) Rydb. Stem less than 0.5 m. tall, widely branched,
ae ie glabrous, or with minute hairs when young: leaf-blades oval,
1016 VACCINIACEAE
arying to ovate or obovate, 2-3 em. long, apiculate to ae T serrulate
or less
to serrulate, light-green, glabrous or with scattered hairs and m
glaucous beneath: hypanthium and calyx glaucous: see deltoid 4 or - deltoid-
reniform, obtuse: corolla 4-6 mm. long, dish-green: stamens 3-5 mm.
lo berry globose, 4—7 m ameter, very glauco Paar a
in dry Er VLA acid soil, various provinces, Ga. to Mis r -
Mic —Flowering while the leaves are appearing; p ow in ' Jarge
patches Ta underground stems, often conspicuous by the a uniform
leav
14. C. pallidus (Ait.) Small. ‘Stems 1-2.5 m. tall, ii d) ber the
branchlets minutely pubescent: leaf-blades oval or elli iptie, varying to vate or
obovate, 2.5-7 e m ir mostly aeute or slightly acuminate, ee deber on
the midrib above, and along the ciliate-serrulate margin, bright-green above,
pale o dcos ud P eath: hypanthium and calyx glaucescent: sepals ovate,
sometimes broadly so, to triangular: corolla greenish-pink, campanulate-urceo-
late, 4-5 mm s 5 m. long: berry subglobose, 2 j
diameter, very glaucous.—Acid woods, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga
d RA a.—Flowering with the abs well developed. Most lux-
th
ant and fruitful at cb altitudes.—V. carolinianum Ashe, known only from
Eier material, seems to be a form of this c
15. C.liparus Small Stem up to 1 m. tall, irregularly branched, the branch-
lets dod or finely pubescent: leaf-bla des narrowly obovate or d 3-7
cm. long, acute, sometimes abru uptly pointed, glabrous, except on the midrib
nae pale-green or glaucous beneath: hypanthium and calyx paca. sepals
deltoid or wider than e ng, ae corolla white to pi c 1.8 mm. long, cam-
pa anulate-urceolate: stamens 6-7 mm. long: berry glo , 5-7 mm. long, glau-
ous.—Acid woods, and s nce: in pinelands, HE aee amd. NOS England
Du E Tenn. to S N. Y. and N. H. Pii. with the leaves half devel-
oped; flowers Ed ie ans those of C. palli
6. C. tallapusae Coville. Stem 15-60 dm. tall, from a thick rootstock, gla-
brous, or the branches sparingly pubescent in lines: leaf-blades elliptic-
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, acute, entire, glabrous or som
pubescent above along the midrib or even ciliolate at maturity: sepals psy
sometimes broadly so, obtuse or aeutish, entire: corolla a SA sometimes
with a blush of pink, campa Bee urceolate, 5-5.5 m ong: s 4.5—5
mm. E ng: berry globose 7-10 mm. in dia meter or 2 ee lucc -Od k
woods, Piedmont and adj. us es, W Ga., Eo in the vicinity of Talla-
poosa, and E Ala.—Flowering as the leaves appea
C. subcordatus Sm Stem prid less than 1 m. tall widely
SN] the pode Sous or sometimes with few minute hairs: leaf-
blades ovate or oval-ovate, 1-3 em. long, mucronate or acute, bright-green above,
dpud pon glabrous, e ciliate-serrulate, rounded to cordate at
the | bas Dd m and = i ears sepals ovate to deltoid: Eod: not
go globose, 6-8 m n diameter, very glaucous.—Open near
Knoxville, BE. valley. Tenn. —Distinguished tom our other c end
by the more or less cordate leaf-blades.
18. C.hirsutus (Buckl.) Small. Stem up to 1 m. tall, irregularly Tn the
branchlets copiously soft-pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to o Vege 2-5 em. lon ng
mostly e e, entire, softly pubescent on both sides: braets shaped like
leaves but much smaller: hypanthium and calyx copiously E softly de de.
sere a als ovate: corolla greenish-white to reddish, 8-9 mm. long, or
rarely 7 mm.: filaments with long hairs: berry subglobose, 6-7 mm. in diame-
m
|
VACCINIACEAE 1017
ter, eii purplish-blaek.—Open woods, in aeid soil, Blue Ridge, N. C.
and Tenn.—Distinguished from all our other blueberries by the pubescent
fruits.
7. HERPOTHAMNUS Small. Shrubs with trailing, creeping stems and
branches. Leaves evergreen: blades coriaceous, obscurely toothed. Flowers in
eluster-like racemes with scale-like bracts.
Hypanthium cup-shaped. Sepals very broad,
acute. Corolla depressed-urceolate, 5-lobed.
Stamens included. ilaments longer than
ant Anthers awnless, with short
apical tubes. Beo globose, black.—One
species.
1. H. crassifolius a Small. ct
and fee uP to long, gla :
leaves numerous; bla A ea or elliptic, p
sometim ovate or suborbicular, 3-10 mm.
ers
ceeding the picker Bar als deltoid 2 "broadly triangular, acute: iere pink
. lon
about 3 mm. T pou broadly rounded: stamens 2.5 mm. long: ents
pubescent: berry in diameter. [Vaccinium crassifolium rene T
( CREEPING- Tom )— Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. Spr.
8. HUGERIA Small. Shrubs with rigid branches. Leaves deciduou
blades membranous, finely toothed, flat. Flowers solitary on slender Hd
arising from edi peduncle and a pair of
bracts. Hypanthium obconic. Sepals of a
deltoid type. wis rotate, pink or white,
with the 4 long lobes iik baekward. Sta-
mens conspicuously exserted. Anthers awn-
less, with very s des apieal tubes. Berry
globos ji red, sometimes turning purple, in-
sipid o metimes sweet and pleasant ins
Nb us species and one or two
others in eastern Asia.
1. H. por e (Michx.) Small. Stem
1-2.5 m. tall, the twigs mostly pc am
leaf-blades ROS A ERE 2.5-7.5 em. long, acuminate, the teeth bristle-
tipped: flowers nodding: sepals ciliate, e corolla 10-13 mm. a ng, the
lanceolate lobes 4 or 5 iu longer than the tube: stamen oe 10-12 m A
ee x. uu in diameter. [Vacciniwm erythrocarpum Michx. ]— (Mov TAIN-
and summits,
BEAR-BERRY.)—C
to > Appalachian Plateau , Ga. to Tenn., W. Va., and A erp T flavor
and acidity of the fruit is variable. ae fruit from different mountains is
often quite different in flavor. The better kinds make a delicious jelly. In
cultivation the better kinds would doubtless furnish an " additional "desirable
berry.
9. OXYCOCCUS Hill. Shrubs with slender trailing and creeping stems
and branches. Leaves evergreen: blades coriaceous, entire, revolute. Flowers
1018 DIAPENSIACEAE
terminating slender stalks with one or two
small braetlets, 1-4 of which arise from ter-
minal scaly buds. Hypanthium cup-shaped.
Sepals 4, often of a deltoid type. Corolla
white or pinkish, of 4 narrow petals with one
or more curled back. Stamens se ate sly
exserted. Anthers awnless, with long slender
apical tubes. Berry globose or somewhat
elongate, red, acid.—A bout 6 species, natives
of the Northern Hemisphere
1. O. macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh. Stem up to
l m. long, often finely pubescent, with erect
or ascending flowering branches: leaves
D on blades elliptie to red elliptic, varying to ovate or coon
6-14 mm. long, pale or whitish th: sepals acute, ciliolate: corolla noddin
Sens eg c to E de d Ae long: stamens abou mm.
long: berry 1-2 diameter. ‘[Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.]—(CRAN-
ERRY.)—Bogs, a dd. meadows, low sandy 09d. and sandy banks, various a
inces, in Coastal Plain only N, N. C. to Ark., Ind., Ont., and Ne wf—Sum — The
commercial cranberry.
10. CHIOGENES Salisb. Siightly woody plants with slender plaine
stems and branches. Leaves evergreen: blades coriaceous, entire. Flowe
solitary and sessile in a pair of braetlets
R3
£5
BH
e
—
z
(ge)
B
ua
-
at the apex. Berry globose, white.—One
species.
F C. hispidula (L.) T. & G. Stem branched
t the base, the n e often numerous S,
leave us; bl
oval to n , 9— -13 m mm. long, Mies
and with seattered hairs on the lower surface: hypanthium pubescent: sepals
obtuse: corolla. abo ex 2 mm. long, the 4 lobes obtuse: stamens about 1 mm.
Jong: berry 5-7 mm. in diameter, with scattered hairs, slightly acid i aro-
ic. —(CREEPING- B CAPILLAIRE. MOXIE- -PLUM.)—Damp w oods and
bogs, in PR acid humus or acid moss, Blue a and more northern prov-
, N. C. to Mich., B. C., Ont., and Newf.— Spr.
FAwiLY 6. DIAPENSIACEAE — Pyxig. FAMILY
Undershrubs. Leaves alternate, often numerous: blades entire, leath-
ery. Flowers solitary. Calyx of partly united persistent sepals.
Corolla of 5 partly united petals. Androecium of 5 stamens, the filaments
partly united to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels. Fruit
a 3-valved eapsule.—T wo genera and about 6 species, natives of the North-
ern He
pure. ab — Wn ———— oi
DER rame. MEL ee cc or caz—sc o c GCoÁSÓO E Eo
eiliate at e. E braets ciliat
GALACACEAE | 1019
.1. PYXIDANTHERA Michx. Evergreen plants with creeping stems and
branches. Leaves numerous. Calyx-lobes broad and imbricate. Corolla white,
persistent: lobes 5, rounded, spreading. Anthers in the sinuses of the corolla.
Capsule subglobose.—Two species.—Spr.—PYXIE. FLOWERING-MOSS.
Leaves bright-green: calyx-lobes obscurely ciliolate: corolla-lobes with suborbicular
ips. u 1. P. barbulata.
Leaves lanate, hence hoary: calyx-lobes ciliate: corolla-lobes l
cuneate. 2. P. brevifolia.
1. P. barbulata Michx. Plant forming a mat: leaf-blades linear, linear-ob-
lanceolate, linear- ears or a ota: 0-8 mm. long, pubescent and
calyx-
3
lobes 3.5—4 S
tip, e ali Ser corolla 6-7 mm. Pde: lobes
with suborbicular blades: capsule about 2.5
mm. in diameter.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain,
S. C. to N. J.
2. P. brevifolia Wells. Similar to P di
bulata in habit » but with the hoary clusters
of leaves smaller : leaf- erage linear- bue
linear, or linear- June eolate, 2-4 mm. long,
lanate: qr copiously eee calyx-lobes
about 3 mm. long, pink, ciliate: corolla 5-6
mm. wide; lobes D cunea is o cap-
sule ici smaller t eod
lata.—Sandhills, e Ca Pisin N. C.
Famity 7. GALACACEAE —Garnaxy FAMILY
Perennial, evergreen, seapose herbs. Leaves alternate, but few and
all basal: bla ides leathery, toothed. Flowers solitary or in a raceme.
Calyx of 5 partly united persistent sepals. Corolla “of 5 partly united
ree Androecium of 5 stamens alternating with 5 staminodia, all some-
times partly united into a tube. Gynoecium of 3 n earpels, Fruit
a 3-valved capsule.—Four genera, North American and
Flowers large, solitary: anthers surpassing the staminodia. 1. SHERWOODIA.
Flowers small, in a long raeeme: anthers surpassed by the
inodi 2. GALAX.
HERWOODIA House. Herbs with short caudices bearing few leaves,
with phe long-petioled blades. Flower-stalks bearing few scales and a single
flower. Staminodia very short. Style elongate
[Shortia T. & G. not Raf.]—T wo species, the
following and one Asiatic.
l. S. galacifolia (T. & G.) House. Plan
gregarious: leaf-blades oval or m M
eapsule 5—6 mm. long, shorter than the s
| Shortia galacifolia T. & G.]—(SHoRTIA
OCONEE-BELLS. e FLOWER COLTSFOOT.)—
Ravines and stream-banks, in acid humus,
inner m t mud | Blue Ri idge, S. C. and N.
C.—Rare.—Spr.
1020 ARMERIACEAE
GALAX L. Herbs with a short caudex bearing few leaves with broad
long-petioled blades. Flowers in an KR spike-like raceme. Staminodia
exceeding the anthers. Style very shor
One species
G. aphylla L. Plant gregarious: n
blades suborbicular, 4-10 c n diameter,
crenate, with apiculate teeth, deeply cordate:
d rs E 2-7 dm. tall: caly x-lobes _ 1.5
lla m ? ide:
vam oat twice as long as the calyx
ALAXY. AND-FLO í
ED.) pen
FO E-WE woods, in dry
acid ‘soil, "Piedmont n A ein Plateat,
Ga. to Ala. and Va., extending into
Coastal Plain in N. S a nd Va.—Sum.—The
e are oo in pru quantities for
e by flor
OrpER PRIMULALHES-——PRniMULAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate or opposite, some-
times all basal. Flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, variously dis-
posed. Calyx of 2-several partially united sepals. Corolla of 2-several
distinct or deine united petals. Androecium of as many stamens as
there are sepals or petals, and sometimes accompanied by staminodia.
Gynoecium of 4-6 united carpels, or rarely more. Fruit capsular or
drupaceous, or rarely an achene or a utricle.
Styles and stigmas distinct, slender: fruit an achene es an utricle: ovule solitary.
am. 1. ARMERIACEAE.
Styles united: fruit capsular or drupelike: ovules
several.
Herbs: ovules and seeds not immersed: fruit
capsular. Fam.2. PRIMULACEAE.
Shrubs or trees: ovules and seeds immersed : fruit
drupe-like.
Staminodia at the sinuses of a corolla: fruit
containing few to many se am.3. THEOPHRASTACEAE.
Staminodia wanting: fruit com ining a single
seed. ram. 4. ARDISIACEAE.
Famity 1. ARMERIACEAE — LEgApwongT FAMILY
Perennial or rarely annual, often partly dd plants with leafy
stems or with caudices. Teavet Bu blades entire. Flowers per-
fect, in heads, spikes, panicles, or cymes. Calyx of 4 or 5 partly united
n m istine an
wholly or partly included in the persistent: ealyx.— Ten genera and 350
species, ace distributed.
Acaulescent plants with a leafy caudex, the leaves basal: petals with the claws
ae rly distinct; filaments partly adnate to the petals; anthers broad: styles dis-
1. LIMONIUM.
Caulescent plants with alternate leaves: petals with the. claws
uai ited into a slender tube: filaments free: anthers narrow : styles
ed. 2. PLUMBAGO.
PE
ARMERIACEAE 1021
1. LIMONIUM [Tourn.] Hil. Perennial seaside herbs with woody roots
and a short leafy caudex which supports several leaves with thick entire blades.
Flower-stem erect, nearly naked, branched. Flowers violet or lavender, solitary
or 2 or 3 together subtended by several sedie like bracts. Calyx funn Dd
or trumpet-shaped, persistent, 5-lobed, with teeth in the sinuses. Cor
9-lobed, the tube very short. Utricle exserted from the calyx. [Statice a
not L.]—About 120 species, widely distributed MS -sum. or all year S.—
SEA-LAVENDERS. MARSH-ROSEMARYS. CANKER-ROOT
Calyx-tube pubescent, E least at the bas
Calyx 6-6.8 mm. long; lobes ‘ovate lanceolate, acuminate: a ML aman
purs es 7 mm. IHE lobes deltoid-ovate, obtuse: panicle
ngly branched. 2. L. obtusilobum.
Calyx- d do BE rae or rarely with 1 2 hairs.
Calyx- Runs broadly ovate-deltoid, Ta innermost bract-
le se. 3. L.carolinianum.
Calyx- lobes ovate-lanceolate to deltoid, acute: innermost
bractlet acute. 4. L. angustatum.
l. L. Nashii Small. Flowering stem 2-8.5 dm. tall, usually branched fro
near the middle, bos branehes slightly zigzag: leaf- blades elliptic, elliptic-
spatulate, or obovate, 5-18 em. long, obtuse
to retuse: panie Hide ascending-spread-
j m g or nearly
or obsolete: a vio 4
mm. long.—Beaches and co Yi salt- ORAGE,
Fla. to Tex. and 8. C.—( Mz.)
2. L. obtusilobum Blake. slower i stem
about 3 dm. tall, mostly branched t the
ns bra blades oblanceolate- num 3.5—
ong, mueronate and acute: Pune
branches ending: . outermost braetlet
about 1 oes ng: ealyx pubescent on the
ribs up Tw the middle: the teeth du the lobes ovate-deltoid, entire: corolla
pale-violet: capsule about 3 mm. long.—Salt-marshes, N Fla
L. carolinianum (Walt.) Britton. piu stem 2— - us tall: leaf-blades
spatulate to elliptic or redes -elliptie, 5—17.5 cm. long, retuse or obtuse, some-
times rz ud panicle-branches ascendin ng: outermost a t rhombie-ovate,
mostly 1.5-2 mm. lon res calyx 4.5-5.5 mm. long, the teeth between the lobes
ovate to lanceolate, coy half as long as m HUN “corolla lavender: capsule
1 Boi L. brasil
mostly 5-6 lon ng. [S. brasiliensis A. Gray not rastlvense
Small Salta vue; meadows, and dunes, near the Tue) "Fla. to N. C.—
(Mez.)
L. angustatum (A. Gray) Small. Flowering stem a 6 dm. tall: leaf- blades
e narrowly spatulate to narro ied elliptic, 5-8.5 em. long, obtuse or some-
times cuspidate: panicle-branches ascending: o utermost bractlet ovate: calyx
5.5-6.5 mm. long, the teeth between the lobes minute: corolla lavender: capsule
about 7 mm. long. [S. 5 bar Cha Fl.) ]—Salt-marshes along the
coast, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
2. PLUMBAGO L. Perennial caulescent hammock herbs with somewhat
woody, often greatly elongate stems and alternate leaves. Flowers in terminal
1022 PRIMULACEAE
spike-like panicles. Calyx tubular, with stalked glands, unevenly 5-lobed, with
merely hyaline sinuses. Corolla salverform: tube elongate: lobes broad: cap-
sule included.—LEADWoRTS.—About 12 species, widely distributed in warm
regions.
. Corolla white; tube less than twice as long as the calyx: calyx merely glandular
all over. 1. P. scandens.
Corolla blue; tube over twice as long as the oe calyx finely
pubescent and glandular one’ near the bas 2. P. capensis.
1. P. scandens L. Stem erect, decumbent, or climbing, somewhat woody: leaf-
blades elliptic, elliptic- lanceolate, or ovate, 2—10 cm. long, acute or short-
acuminate : r cles elongate, interrupted:
bus acumi idi ealyx searcely 1 em. long
in RE than one third the length
of the E aa ostly 3—4 m long:
HERR Dis -prismatie, about 7 mm. long,
beaked.—Hammocks, S Fla. and Xitchen
middens N eae the coasts.— ( W. I., Mez.,.
A., S. A.)—AIl year. |
P. capensis Thumb. Stem erect, often Js
dite branched or bushy: leaf-blades 4
elliptic, varying to elliptie-spatulate or JN Mim
elliptie-ov ovate, 3-9 em. long, obtuse or Sij4TN.
acutish: panicles compact, short: bracts l
mucronate: cal fully 1 em. long in s
sis, less than bu the length of
corolla corolla mostly 4—5 cm. long. —Roadsies and n DS S Fla.
f S Afr. and cult.—(W. I., “Mer, C. A., 8. A.)— — All
Famy 2. PRIMULACEAE — Primrose FAMILY
various in habit. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled,
perfect. Calyx 4-9 partially united sepals, commoniy persistent.
Corolla of 4^9 sari ils united petals, or rarely wanting. Androecium
of as many stamens as there are sepals and alternate with them, some-
times with aoo Gynoecium a single pistil, with a central placenta:
style single. Fruit a 1-celled, 2-8-valved capsule.—Twenty- si genera
and 400 species, uu distributed i in the Northern Hemisphere
Ovary superior.
uc of the eorolla imbrieate: ovules attached at the base: leaf-blades dis-
'Tribe I. HOTTONIEAE,
Lobes of the corolla valvate or convolute: ovules attached
at the middle : leaf-blades endre < or toothed. II. PRIMULEAE.
Ovary half-inferior III. SAMOLEAE.
I. HOTTONIEAE
Aquatic, rooting, and floating herb: stems and peduncles swollen
and inflated: corolla salverform. 1. HOTTONIA.
II. PRIMULEAE
Corolla-lobes erect or merely spreading: anthers not sagittate.
Capsule opening lengthwise.
Filaments united below the middle: anthers ovoid. 2. LYSIMACHIA.
Filaments ee or essentially so: anthers linear. 3. STEIRONEMA.
Capsule circumsciss
PRIMULACEAE 1023
coro longer than the calyx: style longer than the
P
ANAGALLIS.
Corolla shorter than the calyx: style shorter than the
Cor a lla. dus very short: filaments united at the base. 5. MICROPYXIS.
Corolla-tube globular, about as long as the lobes
aments united to above the mi iddle.
fil 6. CENTUNCULUS.
Corolla-lobes reflexed: anthers sagittate.
T. DODECATHEON.
. SAMOLEAE
Staminodia present: corolla-lobes longer than the tube. 8. SAMOLUS.
Staminodia wanting: corolla-lobes shorter than the tube. 9. SAMODIA.
1. HOTTONIA L. .Aquatic herbs. Leaves crowded: blades pinnately
dissected: petioles inflate owers whorled. Calyx-lobes 5, narrow, per-
sistent. Corolla white, se orm lobes
shorter than the tube. Filaments dnas
to the lower part of the corolla-tube. ap-
sule a a ae .—Two species, the following
and an Eurasian
. H. inflata Ell. Stem 2-6 dm. long,
fistulous: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic 2
outline, the Paci en i filiform. Calyx
linear, 3-3 ong, or longer a do
turity, glandular e below: ien ut
long: capsule 3 mm. in dia
d pei Mm )—Ponds, „pools, and ‘ditches,
S Plain and New England Coast,
La. Pai and Me.; x Great Lake. Lowland, Ohio and Ind.—Rare.—
E su
2. LYSIMACHIA [Tourn.] L. Perennial or rarely annual herbs, the
foliage nidi duc dois Leaves opposite or apparently whorled. orolla
dieit rotate or nearly so: lobes entire, acute or obtuse. Filaments partially
ted. Sta Moo wanting. Anthers ovoid.—A bout 70 species, mostly natives
Me the Northern Hemisphere.—Sum.—LOOSESTRIFES.
Calyx-lobes ovate: stem and branches creeping. 1. L. Nummularia.
Calyx- unig la aa: elliptic-lanceolate or linear: stems
Flowers in a terminal raceme, the raceme sometimes leafy-
racted: corolla streaked.
tidos oen extending nearly the length of the plant:
flowers axillary to leaf- like bracts.
Infiorescence a termina Ser gate raceme: flowers axil-
ja o small bract
Staminodia indt "but minute
Mod m dnd than the Dadis corolla-lobes
N
L. quadrifolia.
e
L. producta.
Pedicels “longer than the bracts: corolla-lobes
8-9 m g. 4. L. terrestris.
Binuinodin. want ing.
Corolla-lobes 5-6 mm. long: pedicels longer
than the bracts.
S
L. Loomisii.
B
Ded
c
c
x
t$
e
e
for)
. L. asperulaefolia.
Flowers in a terminal panicles corolla without dots or
streaks. T. L. Fraseri.
Nummularia L. Stem and branches 1-7 dm. long: leaf-blades sub-
orbieular, 0.8-3 em. long: calyx-lobes ovate, 8-9 mm. long, da at the base:
1024. PRIMULACEAE
ee 11-14 mm. long: Mu rd E
capsule about 4 mm. thick.—(M
de D —Moist o and prem dene
various provinces, Ga. to Mich. and Newf.—
Nat. of Eu. and cult.
BE
2. L. quadrifolia L. Stem 2-9 dm. tall:
leaf-blades lanceolate to oval, 1.5-9 em. long:
e
lanceolate, 5-6 mm: long, acuminate: corolla-
ibe dee a gpa "dliptie, E the
and capsule 2.5-3 mm. thick.—( CROSS-
w p i ED-LOOSESTRIFE.) — Thickets
and pus various provinces, Ga., to Ala.,
Ont., and N. B.
3. L. producta (A. Gray) Miei Stem 3-6 dm. tall: blades laneeolate or
ipe eun -lanceolate, 2~8 e ong: e shorter e the braets: calyx-lobes
narrowly e elliptie-lanceolate, : mm. long, acute or acutish: corolla-lobes ovate -
elliptic ovate, more or less notched at AE i capsule s subglobose, about 2 m
le foliosa Small]—Damp woods and stream-banks, various a
o Mich. and Me.
4. L. terrestris (L.) B. S. P. ~ tem 5-8 dm. tall: leaf- Pags d ed
tie-laneeolate, or narro 2 elli iptie, 2-6 cm. long, abruptly near the
o pe ae longer than the bracts: ee -lobes elliptic: “lanceolate abont
mm. long: corolla-lobes Le -lanceolate: capsule about mm. thick.—
us E. Lo andy soil and swamps, various provinees, "s to
Ark., Man., and New
L. Loomisii Torr. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear, 1—3 im long,
blu nt: pedieels longer than hs acts: calyx-lobes ev 2, 5-3 mm. long:
corolla-lobes elliptie to ovate- ipti eciliate; eapsule a t 2. mm. thick. [L.
angustifolia Michx. not Lam.]—Low gro ounds, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Ga.
to N. C.
6. L. ge iain Poir. Stem 2-6 dm. long: leaf-blades lanceolate, 2-5 ¢
long, acute or acuminate: pedicels shorter than the bracts: calyx-lobes Janceo-
la 5 mm. long: pm lobes lanceolate to elliptie- Janceolate, ote: cap-
sule 3.5-4.5 mm. thick.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. C.
7. L. Fraseri Duby. Stem 8-20 dm. tall, glandular near the nodes: leaf-blades
ae pantie elliptic or oblanceolate, or sometimes ovate-lanceolate,
6-15 em. long: panicle broad: calyx-lobes eter en 5 mm. long: corolla-
lobes elliptic to ovate, 7-8 nu long: capsule 3-4 m thick ——Woods and
slopes, over non n-ealeareous rocks, Blue Ridge to A ees Plateau, Ga.
(and Ala.?) to Tenn. and S. C.
. STEIRONEMA Raf. Perennial herbs, the foliage not glandular-punc-
tate. Leaves opposite. Corolla yellow, rotate lobes erose or erose-ciliate,
a
mucronate. Filaments distinct or nearly so, nid with manifest stami-
nodia. Anthers linear. Six species, North American.—Sum.—LooSESTRIFES.
Bracts with ovate or pA lanceolate blades
Calyx-lobes less than 5 m lon Br Nd E 8-10 mm. wide. 1. S.radicans.
Ca lyx- -lobes over 5 mm. tone a 15-25 mm. wide.
taminodia ovate: corolla- Pa "7-8 mm. lo one 2. S.tonsum.
PRIMULACEAE 1025
Staminodia subulate: corolla-lobes 10-12 m long. 3. S. ciliatum.
Braets RE Hel. elliptic a ru CU janceolate 1 blades.
Staminodia ovate: ca psule 2.5-3 m thick. 4. S. lanceolatum.
Staminodia Taa. io^ KATA ‘capsule 3.5-4.5 mm.
Cauline leaves not narrowed into petioles, the blades
s ae upper ones mostly narrower than those of the
c
. S. heterophyllum.
Cauline leaves narrowed into petioles, the blades of
e upper ones not much narrower than those of the
c
. Ñ. AUTAA
1. S. "nid (Hook.) A. Gray. Stem 3-8 dm. long, ustimately reclining or
creeping: Aun pa ovate to laneeoláte, 2-8 em. long: calyx-lobes laneeolate,
3.9—4 long: corolla-lobes obovate or
id C 4.55.5 mm. long, trun-
cate or emarginate at the apex: capsule NY &
about 3 mm. thiek.—Swamps and wet river CNS P
ba nks, Coastal Plain and occasionally a C R :
i 4 \ A
provinces, Miss. to Tex., Mo., and Va.—
2. S. tonsum (Wood) Bicknell. Stem 2-7
dm. tall: leaf- blades ovate to ovate-lancéo-
calyx x-lobes broadly lanceolate, 5.5-6 mm.
PAR eorolla-lobes suborbicular, erose-lacer-
capsule about 4 mm. thick. [S. ton-
pe simplex Kearney |—Dr y woods, cliffs,
and bluffs, various icu rarely Coastal
Plain Ga. to Ark, Tenn. and Va.—Sp
3. S. ciliatum (L.) Raf. Stem 2-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, deme
ovate, or broadly lanceolate, s em. long, like the petioles ciliate: bs
late, r obov
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., B. C., Ont., and N. S—
. S. lanceolatum (Walt.) A. Gray. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: lower cauline leaves
with elliptic or lanceolate blades; upper cauline leaves m uch longer than the
lower ones, the blades mainly linear, 3-10 cm. long, the petiole-like bases only
r Rarer mm. lo
the stem:
ong: staminodia ovate: capsule 2.5-3 thick.—Thickets, borders of
N and low grounds, various provinces, Ga. i? Miss., Ont., and Me.
5. S. heterophyllum (Miehx.) Raf. Stem 0.5—5 pem Lin, lower cauline leaves
with oval, obovate, or spatulate blades; upper ne dde es br isl
longer than the lower ones: blades narrowly elliptic - linear, 4—15 . long,
not narrowed to petioles: calyx-lobes 5—6 mm. long: corolla- ie 5-8 mm. ‘Ton ng:
staminodia lanceolate to subulate: capsule 3.5-4 mm. thick.—Woods, meadows,
and shaded es Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ark., and
Va.—Spr.—fal
6. S. hybridum (Michx.) Raf. Stem 1-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate to
linear-lanceolate, or sometimes broader near the base of the stem, 3-7.5 em.
long, each more or less abruptly Maure ex a pm ciliate petiole:
ealyx-lobes 6-7 mm. long: corolla-lobes . long: nodia lanceolate to
subulate: care 4—4.5 mm. thick — Thicket « per mn pow various provinees,
Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Minn., and Me.—Spr.—
ANAGALLIS [Tourn.] L. Annual or rarely perennial herbs cul-
tivated or waste-places. Leaves mostly opposite: blades thinnish. on
65
1026 PRIMULACEAE
rotate, longer than the calyx; ds dilated.
Filaments pubescent: anthers ellipsoid.—
About 15 species, mostly natives of the Old
World
1, A. arvensis L. Stem and branches an
em. long: leaf-blades ovate, or oval,
mm. long, E sessile: calyx- -lobes fanceo
late, about 2 . lon ng: o scarlet o
rarely white (blue in is coe crea) ,
m. wide; lobes ae nad
t 4 mm.
EATHER- PERNEL.)
—Waste-places, fields, im) ud di various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn.,
and Newf.; also Pacif. States. Nat. of Eurasia —Spr.-s
5. MICROPYXIS RA Annual small herbs. Leaves alternate or some
lower ones opposite: blades thiekish. Corolla ineonspicuous, rotate,
e than the calyx: tube very short:
lobes narrowed upward. Filaments united
only at the base. Anthers didymous.—One &
species. D
1. M. pumila (Sw.) Duby. Stem 5-20 cm
tall: leaf-blades vi e “suborbienlar, 3-10
mm. long, apiculat slender-pedi-
celled: calyx-lobes elipti- “ovate, abruptly
pentandrus R Br. ]— (FALSE-PIMPERNEL.)—
Low grounds, pen. Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A.,
A., O. W.)—Spr.—fall.
6. CENTUNCULUS L. Annual small herbs of low grounds. Leaves alter-
nate, or some of the lower ones opposite: blades thickish. Corolla incon-
DN not exceeding the calyx, with a i
globular tube and 5 narrow OE lobes
Filaments united above the middle. Anther
didymous.— Two species, ice rw)
1. C. minimus L. Stem 2-15 em. tall: leaf-
ey ae elliptic, or obovate, 3- :
. long, acute or obtuse: flowers sessile o
n so: ealyx-lobes narrowly lanc EE
and moist soil, various provinces Fla.
Tex. B. C., Minn., and IlL—J7. I., Mor. C. A. S. A., O. W.)—Spr.—fall.
7. DODECATHEON L. Perennial scapose herbs with erect flower-stalks.
Leaves on a short caudex: blades entire to coarsely toothed. Flowers showy,
PRIMULACEAE 1027
in a terminal umbel, nodding. Calyx-lobes reflexed in anthesis. Corolla with
a very short tube and reflexed elongate lobes. Stamens erect.—About 30 spe-
cies, re American and Asiatic. MET M SHOOTING-STARS. AMERICAN-
COWSL
ROME peed (mostly over 7 mm. long) ; connective-body broader than the anther-
capsule elongate, much ent the ealyx
Bonn ctiee Dod lanceolate: corolla typically Diak eure 1. D. Meadia.
Connective-body ovate: corolla piran white. . D. Hugeri.
Anthers stout (mostly less than 7 n long) ; connective-body
narrower than the anther-sacs: Men short, about equaling
3. D. brachycarpa.
1. D. Meadia L. Leaf-blades spatulate to elliptic, 5-20 em. long, entire to
coarsely p uo overtopping the leaves: calyx- ee linear to linear-
lane eolate, uch longer than the tube:
corel pi ak-pur po. lobes 1-1.5 em. long:
oe
ole uffs
banks, often in rich or calcareous ae vari-
ous provinees, rarely ues Plai , Ga. to
ex, Wis., and Pa.—wspr.
cultivated in Boss
2. D. ri Small. Leaf-blades spatulate,
clliptie, o us ‘elliptic. -lanceolate, aoe em. long,
often undulate or repand-er : scapes
mostly 2—4 dm. tall: calyx- Job ee
: ; rs slender
subul 7.5—8 ong; connective- body abruptly narrowed at the apex:
deeem Pl sold. conte it 5 em. long.—Woods, bluffs, and cliffs, various prov-
inces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Ohio, and Md. — Spr.
3. D. pup de Small. Leaf-blades e or elliptie, entire or undulate:
scapes dm. tall: calyx-lobes o E ate od triangular-lanceolate: corolla
pink- purple lobes linear or nearly so, 1-1.5 em. long: anthers stout-subulate,
5-6.5 mm. long; connective-body jene Ecc ovary-apex flattened: capsule
ovoid, ~ than 1 em. long.—Plains and prairies, various provinces, Ala. to
8. SAMOLUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades
entire. Flowers in simple or branched, sessile or nearly sessile racemes.
edi perigynous: lobes 5. Corolla perigy-
: lobes 5, with staminodia at the sinuses.
Sane 5: filaments very short, adnate to
the base of the very short corolla-tube.
Ovary and capsule % inferior—About 4
species, widely distributed.
1. S. floribundus H.B.K. Plant glabrous,
1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to oval
r ovate, mainl m. long: sepals ovate
or triangular-ovate, ba : g,
acute: corolla white, 3 mm. osa in
elliptic: capsule 2.5-3 mm. in diameter.—
(WATER-PIMPERNEL. BROOK poe M — We
1028 ARDISIACEAE
soil, swamps, and streams, various provinces, ne to Tex., Calif., B. C., Ont.,
and Newf.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Spr.-
9. SAMODIA Baudo. Caulescent herbs, of low grounds. Leaves alternate:
blades entire. Flowers in simple or branched long-peduncled racemes. Calyx
perigynous: lobes 5. Corolla white or pin
perigynous, without stamin mE lobes
Stamens 5: filaments adna Tur es (s
middle of the dS E corolla-tube.
vary and c apsules 1⁄2 inferior.—About
species, widely distributed.
1. S. ebracteata (H.B.K.) Baudo. Plant
1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate or ob-
ovate, 3-10 em. long, obtuse or apiculate:
‘corolla 6-7 mm. wide; lobes more or less
B. at the apex [Sam molus ebracieatus
B.K.]—Low pinelands, swamps, prairies
and edges o of E marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Texas.—(W. I., Mex D.
Famity 3. THEOPHRASTACEAE — J OE-WOOD FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, n blades leathery, entire.
Flowers perfect, in racemes, corymbs, or panicles. Calyx of 5 imbrie
(e an ar
oc
S
ct
(b
staminodia. Gynoecium of 5 united carpels. it a drupe-like berry.
—Five genera and about 50 species, of tropical distribution.
1. JACQUINIA L. Leaves usualy numerous: blades entire, thick and
very brittle. Flowers erect. Calyx persistent. Corolla deciduous. Anthers
nodi Ber
extrorse. Stam ia very broad. erry
erect.—A bout 25 species, tropical Ameri-
can.
1, J. keyensis Mez. ws or tree hn. e
5 m. tall, the bark pale, the twigs very brit-
tle: Vo blades cuneate- ike or elliptic-
obovat long, shining: calyx-lobes
—à mm n ur Gaede ovate: corolla straw-
colored; lobes longer than the tube: stami-
nodia elliptic, erose: oe subglobose, 8-10
mm diameter OE-WOOD. UDJOE- oh (Í
- mo m along the coast, S pen NA)
Fla., Everglade Keys, d Mas US [7]
Keys—(W. I.)—Al —T
he
brown, hard, and very close- and. "The ne ers are very fragrant,
Famity 4. ARDISIACHAE — MynsiNE FAMILY
hrubs or trees. Leaves mostly alternate, ours persistent: sd
leathery, entire. Flower erfect or polygamo- dioecious, in racem
corymbs, or cymes, sometimes clustered on sealy spurs. Calyx of ae
ARDISIACEAE 1029
4—6 sepals. Corolla of usually 4-6 partly united petals, short-salverform
or rotate, often streaked or dotted. Androecium of mostly 4-6 stamens,
partly e to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium of mostly 4-6 united car-
ls. Fruit a drupe-like berry.—Twenty genera and 450 species, mostly
of mold tnm
Flowers on scattered spurs: corolla-lobes not reflexed: stigma lobed. 1. RAPANEA.
Flowers in terminal panicles: corolla-lobes reflexed : stigma entire. 2. ICACOREA.
I. RAPANEA Aubl Shrubs or small trees. Flowers inconspicuous,
clustered on d ie stout-pedicelled. Corolla white or nearly so: lobes
ascending or spreading. Stamens with
ascending or Mo anthers. Style very
short: stigma lobed.—More than 80 species,
mostly tropieal.
1l. R.g guayanensis Aubl. Shrub or pud tree,
with grayish bark: leaves mostly n the
E of the branchlets: blades iM
elliptie or nearly elliptie, 4—10 em. long:
flower-clusters scattered along the branch-
lets: sepals broadly ovate: corolla-lobes
n : about 4 mm. in
nds
Everglade Keys, Und Florida Keys.—(W. I., C. 4., S. A.)—AIl year.
Ardisia polycephala Wall, native of the East d is an evergreen shrub
p to six or eight feet tall, with oblanceolate spatulate or somewhat elliptic coria-
ceous leaf-blades: "inr, in axillary eluster-like cymes: corolla eig or Dd
with ovate or elliptie- e Ae lobes: stamens erect, yellowish rry de
pressed- O out le enun purple- -black or almost black, shining —
Hammocks and old Bono de pen Ardisia differs from Rapanea in the
R oe lobes and the slender- A anthers.
2. ICACOREA Aubl. Shrubs or trees. Flowers conspicuous, in panicles,
cymes, or clusters, an US Corolla white or pink, and often purple-
streaked: lobes recurved. Stamens with
converging anthers. ay elongate: stigma
minute, entire.—More than 200 ee of
tropical and subtropical regions.
I. paniculata (Nutt.) Sudw. Shrub or small
tree, with white or whitish bark: leaves scat-
tered; blades ee to wd 4-18
em. long: panicles terminal: x-lobes
ovate to obovate: to qe elliptic: berry
7-8 mm. in diameter. ‘[Ard a Pickeringia
T. & G.]—(MARLBERRY. CHER EOM ee
hammocks, pen. Fla., pi pur and ham-
an, Everglade Keys, Fla. = Florida
Keys.—(IF. I., Mez.)—A1 yea
1030 EBENACEAE
ORDER EBENALES—EBENAL ORDER
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled: blades simple.
Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious. Caly 3-12 partly united
sepals. Corolla of 3-12 partly united petals. pac of as many
stamens as there are corolla-lobes or twice as many or more, sometimes
accompanied by staminodia. Gynoecium of 3-—several united carpels.
Fruit capsular or baccate.
Styles or Sree distinct: flowers mostly monoecious or
dioeciou Fam.1. EBENACEAE.
Styles and ‘stigmas united: flowers mostly perfect.
Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, at least in our
representatives, Fam. 2. SAPOTACEAE.
Stamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes or more.
Stamens in pees series. Fam. 3. SYMPLOCACEAE.
tamens in 1 se Fam. 4. STYRACACEAE.
FAMi,y 1. HBENACEAE — Esony FAMILY
Shrubs or trees. Leaves mostly alternate: blades entire. Flowers
solitary or in cymes. Calyx of 3-7 partly united s persistent, accres-
late. A
cent. Corolla of 3-7 DS amled pud S, pl eolate. ndroecium
of 3 or 4 times as many stamens as there ar Roco lobes Gynoecium
of 3-several united carpels. Fruit a berry or once eapsular.—51x
genera and about 275 species, mostly of tropieal regions.
1. DIOSPYROS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves scattered: blades entire.
Calyx 3-7 lobed. Corolla urceolate, white. Stamens with pubescent filaments:
anthers opening lengthwise. Berry spheroidal or elongate. Seeds oblique.
—About 160 species, mostly mn —PERSIMMONS. DaATE-PLUMS. SIMMONS.
POoSSUMWOODS.—Spr.
Larger anthers slender-subulate, 6-7 mm. long: seeds much longer
than wide. 1. D. virginiana.
Larger anthers stout- subulate, 4-5 mm. long: seeds slightly longer
than wide. 2. D. Mosieri.
1. D. virginiana L. Tree becoming 35 m. tall, with dark furrowed bark, or
sometimes a shrub: leaf pud ovate, der or elli iptic, 8-20 em. long, aeute or
me ubes ent, /3
de ire varying to depress
n diameter, thin-skinned:
E Woods. fields, road-s ides
ae and hammocks, vari iei ee
Fla Tex., Ia. and Con
brown or nearly black heart- d is used
for various tools and utensils. The fruit
is edible when ripe.
2. D. Mosieri Sape Tree nearly similar
to that g) a baste , but lapin
smaller rub: nate TA r with
ovate or jettoiae orate dem ioe aa a corolla 6-8 mm. long: deus depressed-
<
= - s
~ I a I Án
SAPOTACEAE 1031
globose, 2.5-3.5 em.-in diameter, thick-skinned: seed turgid, oval and some-
what rhombic.—Hammoeks and pinelands, pen. Fla.
Famity 2. SAPOTACEAE — Sarona FAMILY
bs or trees, with milky sap, sometimes thorny. Leaves mostly
alternate: blades entire. Flowers perfect or rarely polygamous, clustered.
e :
u
accompan a by staminodia. Gynoeci ium of bic united earpels. Fruit
Corolla-lobes without soa appendages.
t d wa ma Tribe . I, eats ud
taminodia pres Tribe II. SrpEROXY E.
Corolla-lobes with dorsal appendages. Tribe III. MINORE AD
I. CHRYSOPHYLLEAE
Shrubs or trees with leaves green above and copiously pubes-
cent with golden, copper-colored or Silvery hairs beneath. 1. CHRYSOPHYLLUM.
SIDEROXYLEAE
Ovary 10-12- Sara staminodia "ouf, petal-like 2. SAPOTA.
Ovary 2-5-cell
orolla- “lobes ‘entire: staminodia scale-like or filament-like,
Seeds with endosperm: staminodia scale-like. 3. SIDEROXYLON.
See a without endosperm : staminodia filament- E 4. LUCUMA
ROOM ne with a large median lobe and 2 smaller lat-
es: staminodia petal-like.
DUIS a. endosperm copious 5. DIPHOLIS.
Ovary pubescent: endosperm wanting or scant. 6. BUMELIA.
IT. MIMUSOP
Shrubs or trees with broad many-veined jur ee the
young fruits conspicuously tipped with the style. 7. MIMUSOPS.
1. CHRYSOPHYLLUM L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades commonly lus-
trous-pubescent beneath. Calyx-lobes d 9. Corolla, like the calyx, often
Ah escent: lobes mostly 5, entire. Anther
arginate and PA Style nting:
md lobed.—More than 60 ce “mostly (à
tropical American
1. C. olivaeforme 7 Evergreen shrub,
tree becoming 10 m. tall, the twigs e Nd
cent: leaf-blades coriaceous, poe or oval,
3—10 em. long, shining above, ee
cent e calyx-lobes ao lar, 1.5
mm. long: corolla a about 5 mm. wide;
lobes Sub cba: ber Iry O ed about 2 cm.
pinelands and hammocks, Ever ergla ade Keys, "Fla. and Florida Keys. —(W. I.)—
All year.—The n i hard, and close- -grained heart-wood is used locally
in eabinet-work.
2. SAPOTA Mill. Trees. Leaf-blades glabrous. Calyx-lobes 6, or rarely 5,
pubescent. Corolla glabrous: lobes 6, or rarely 5, toothed. Anthers blunt.
1032 SAPOTACEAE
Staminodia nearly as long as the corolla-
lobes. Style elongate: stigma minute. Berr
spheroidal, rough.—One species.
1. S. Achras Mill, Tree with rusty-tomentose an
at ]
;'hite,
long; lobes iu "d as long as the tube:
ber s 4—8 em. in diameter.—(SAPODILLA. |:
Ditty.)—Hammocks, old fields, and cult. a
a. Ev orgie Keys, Fla. and Florida .
Keys.—Nat. of W. L, and cult.—(Mez., C. A., S. 4.)—A1l year.
3. SIDEROXYLON [Dill ] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades not lustrous-
pubescent. Calyx-lobes 5 or 6. Corolla glabrous: lobes 5 or 6, entire. Anther
notched. Staminodia much shorter than the
corolla-lobes. Style columnar: stigma trun-
cate.—About 75 species, of warm and tropi-
cal regions. S
S. S Jacq. Evergreen tree
à he
—Spr.— ] year.—The orange-colored, heavy, and strong
heart- wood is "used locally For e -work E boat-building.
UMA Juss. Trees. Leaf-blades more or less elongate, usually broad-
ened phus Calyx-lobes 5, in 1 or 2 series. Corolla white or pale: lobes 5,
entire or nearly so. Staminodia slender,
shorter than the corolla-lobes. ary 5-
celled, or sometimes 4—6-celled: style eolum-
ar: stigma slightly dilated. Berry globu-
lar, or slightly elongate, smooth.— ifty
species or more, mostly of tropical Ameriea.
1. L. nervosa A. DC. Leaf- cae tado
10-20 em. ms acute or acutish:
the inner ones rounded at apex:
eys. oe
of S. A. and eult.— .)—The name egg-fruit e to the resemblance
of the flesh s the fruit to the yolk of a hard-boiled egg.
SAPOTACEAE 1033
5. DIPHOLIS A. DC. Shrubs or small trees. Leaf-blades mostly glabrous.
Calyx-lobes 5, pubescent. Corolla-lobes 5, each 3-lobed, shorter than the tube.
Staminodia petaloid. Endosperm copious.— :
bout 10 species, West Indian.
aa pci. (L.) A. DC. PE Sa di"
rub, or e bee arenes 16 m. ta S. leaf-
blades elliptic or elliptie neeolate, 5—12
em. long: om orate to lipte 1.5
. lon ng: orolla , 4 mm. wide; lobe
elliptic o val: wa da ov nu D. ov toe
lance "e laeiniate-toothe d: berry oval o
Eo yEverglade Keys, Fla., € "ida
Ke Mez.)—A] year.—Flow 4
very pend — The red or dark- DRE "e AX
heavy ues is used in cabinet-wor rk,
BUMELIA Sw. Shrubs or trees, usually with thorny branches. Leaf-
bades p dedans beneath. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla white: lobes 5, each
middle lobe suborbicular, longer than the tube. Staminodia peta-
à id. Bniosperm eine or very scant.—About 35 species, American.—
BUCKTHO
Leaf-blades glabrous, or oe with scattered hairs or slight cone beneath.
Fruit ellipsoid- oa B. angustifolia.
Fruit sub ae ea oe al.
Leaf-biades obovate or spatulate type, mainly
bro adés NA the middle.
Twigs copiously pubescent with ag red hairs. 2. B. rufotomentosa.
Twigs glabrous or soon becomin
: Fruit less than 8 mm. long.
Corolla- e about 1.5 mm. long: leaf-blades
blunt: fruit 5 mm. long. 3. B. microcarpa.
Col lobes about 2 mm. SUE leaf-blades
pem fruit 6-7 mm. long 4. B. reclinata.
Fru it o m. lon b. B. megacocca.
eaf-blades of. pe elliptic ne broadest at the middle. 6. B. lycioides.
Leaf-blades manifestly or copiously Dune cee beneath.
Pubescence cei d not at all lustrou 7. B. lanuginosa.
Pubescence lustrous, D becoming tous or coppery.
Pedicel longer than the berry, slender: calyx-lobes of a
suborbicular type. . B. tenaz.
PEN d maa the berry, stout: calyx-lobes of an
. B. lacuum.
1. B. angus s lia Nutt. Evergreen shrub, or tree becoming 8 m. ta
twigs glabrous: leaves relatively few ae crowded; blades oblanceolate to
oblanceolate- be ate, 2-4 c ml
labrous: calyx rds p^ mm.
long: COE about wide; “ia teral
divisions of the ee nam i lanceolate,
regularly to doi staminodia 2.5 mm.
s lacerate: berry 17—2 m. long.—
o S-WOO DOWNWARD-
e
Florida Keys.—(W. —A
TRE wn, pm heart-wood is used for
cabinet-work. The flowers = fragrant.
rufotomentosa Small. Evergreen
shrub, the twigs red-tomentose: leaf-blades
1034 SAPOTACEAE
obovate or oval, 1.5-2 em. long, reticulate and sparingly alge beneath
with red hairs: ealyx-lobes suborbicular, nearly 1.5 mm. long: olla about
3 mm. wide: lateral divisions E the lo bes ovate or agate du icu
staminodia slightly over 1 mm. long: berry about 5 mm. in diame ter.—Pin
s, pen. Fla.—Spr.-sum. —
3. B. microcarpa Small. Evergreen shrub, the twigs nie s
- leaf- o spatulate, oblanceolate, or rarely oblong-obovate, 1-3.5 . long,
cobwebby ee beneath: calyx-lobes suborbicular, about 1.5 long:
corolla abou wide; lateral divisions of the lobes ae lanceolate
almost 1 m ea pm odia 1.5 mm LR cares berry subglobose, 5 m
in ene x woods, pen. Fla. — Spr.-
4. B. reclinata Vent. Evergreen ind. diffuse, or bodie shrub, the nes
glabrous leaf-blades thinnish, oblanceolate, varying to spatulate, obov rate,
em. E ng, som A “reticulate à nd glabrous benea th: ca -lobes
b adi y ovate orbieular-ov 1.8 mm. long: corolla about 4 m
2 divisions of s lobes Dou jx fully 1.5 em. long: nod
ong, erose: berry oval, 6-7 mm. long.—Pinelands, Dm.
2r ME DAE Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga. nod —sum. or all year
5. B. megacocca Small Ever A shrub, Es wigs glabrous: leaf-blades
thick, oe to elliptic-oblanceolate, 1-3.5 E reticulate and Sead
ben eath: flowers not seen: ue globose to pode oval, 11-13 mm. lon
deme "ode. pen. Fla.—Spr.-
6. B. lycioides (L.) Gaertn. Deciduous-leaved or partly evergreen shrub or
small tree, the twigs glabrous: ien blade es pen or rarely oblanceolate, es
em. l ] i
ong, dull and prominently reticulate on both sides: calyx-lobes oval o
orbicular-ovate, 2 mm. long: ER about 5 mm. wide; lateral divisions of
the lobes lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 1.5 . long, entire: staminodia
ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, entire: berry oval, fully "io mm. long.— (BUCKTHORN.
Spr.—The yellow or light-brown heart-wood is close- -grained, heavy, and hard.
7. B. ae dn (Michx.) Pers. Evergreen (or deciduous-leaved northward)
shrub, o e becoming 20 m. tall, the twigs dull-tomentose: leaf-blades elliptic-
Due elliptic- dian. Or ellipti ic, 29-8 em. long, dull-tomentose beneath:
ealyx-lobes, suborbieular orbieular-ovate, about 3 mm. long: corolla about 5
mm. wide;, 5E P divisions E the lobes lanceolate, fully 1.5 mm. long: undu-
late: st MET ,2m Vua d 2 acutish: berry oval i SC
ellipsoid, “on eae ELAS BLACK-HAW. SHITT D.)—
Rocky, ea at pcs “woods, pn "Plain m Aso enue pone prov-
inces, Fla., to Tex., Kans., Ill., and Ga.—Sum yellow or light-bro
heart-wood is close- ‘grained, but dec soft.
8. B. tenax (L.) Willd. ie ien (or deeiduous-leaved northward) shrub,
or a ee 9 m. tall, the twigs lustrous-silky, the hairs white, becoming
tawny or copper-colored: Iuba oblaneeolate, obovate-spatulate, or obovate,
-7 em. long, lustrous-silky beneath: calyx-lobes suborbicular to orbicular-
ovate, about 2 mm. lo t urity: epu m. wide; lateral divi
sions of the lobes ovate or ovate, fully 1. ong, undul ate: stamino A
ee 2 mm. long, obtuse: berry o E or M uper iru. 11-14
mm. long m UGH-BUCKTHORN. IRONWOOD. BLACK-HAW.)— y. woods
and d
and ham Coastal Plain, “Fla. to N. C.—Spr.—The T -brown and
white- pan dicar wood is hard and elose-grained.
lacuum Small. Evergreen shrub, 0.5-3 m. tall, the twigs copper-colored
or dark-tawny: leaf-blades cuneate to spatulate, 1-2.5 em. long, or larger on
^ VERE ER
SYMPLOCACEAE 1035
shoots, ded D n d often becoming brown: ealyx- a d -ovate
to o 2 ng at maturity: ie about 4 mm. wide; lateral
divisions of each lobe lanceolate, en rane long, ore at the apex:
staminodia ovate, about ong, obtu wo oval, 8-10 mm. long.—
(SANDHILL-BUCKTHORN. - Sandhills CE in Bid C. pen. Fla.—Spr
7. MIMUSOPS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades leathery, finely many-
veined. Calyx-lobes 6 or 8, the outer ones valvate. Corolla with dorsal ap-
pendages; lobes 6 or 8, each with e ery
small lateral lobes. Staminodia petaloid.—
About 40 species, mostly of tropical MN
M. emarginata (L.) Britton. Evergreen
shrub or small tree: leaves clustered at the
eu of the branchlets; blades elliptic, 3—10
rx, like the pedicels, red-
ong: calyx, e dicels, red
tomentose; lobes lanceglate to ovate- PU
late: corolla light-yellow, 1.5-2 em. wide:
staminodia triangular: berry o
nearly 3 em. E [M. Sieberi A. To n
( WILD-DILLY. omo ) —
mocks, Florida Keys.—(W pou s
The dark-brown heart-wood is close-grained.
FawiLy 3." SYMPLOCACEAE-—SwzxkrLEAF FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, the hairs, when present, simple. Leaves alternate:
blades usually le athery, entire or toothed. Flowers polygamo-dioecious
et, in close or open clusters. Calyx of 5 partly united sepals.
in Bebe: series, partly adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium of 2-
els, the ovary superior. Fruit baeeate or dru upaceous.—Consists of
B fone. Sone and 200 ae most abundant in South America.
1. SYMPLOCOS Jacq. Leaves often persistent: blades thick. Inflores- _
cence congested or open. Calyx often persistent. Corolla deciduous, yellow or
disi Stamens conspicuous. Style columnar. Fruits, often crowned with
e calyx, drupe-like or nut-like.
x tinctoria (L.) L’Her. Evergreen or partly evergreen shrub or small
tree: leaf- a elliptic or elliptic- dE ier 4—15 em. long, undulate or shal-
pes too , tomentose beneath: flow
densely d ed: a 2—-2.5 mm
lobes shorter than
S,
is
D.)— ocks
bluffs, cliffs, and rock outerops Coastal Plain
to Blue pci dpa La., Ark., and Del.—
Spr.—The
study may show the coastal and mountain
plants to represent two species instead of
one.
1036 STYRACACEAE
Famity 4. STYRACACEAE — STYRAX FAMILY
Shrubs or trees, the hairs when present branched or scurfy. Leaves
alternate: blades entire or shallowly toothed. Flowers perfect, in racemes,
panicles, cymes, or clusters. Calyx of 5, or 4-8, partly united sepals.
Cor me of 5, or 4-8, distinet or partly united petals. Androecium of 8-16
stamens in one series, partly adnate to the corolla. Gynoecium of 2-5
ERU the o sometimes inferior. Fruit drupaceous or eapsular.—
Seven genera er about - apea mostly of tropical regions, but most
abundant in South Amer
Ovary inferior: fruits nut-like, elongate, DE 1. HALESIA.
Ovary superior: fruits drupaceous, subglobos 2. STYRAX.
1. HALESIA Ellis. Shrubs or trees. Leaves with thinnish blades, de-
ciduous. Inflorescence - leafy-braeted. Calyx with relatively large leben:
Corolla white, with nearly erect lobes. Anthers elliptic. Ovules 4 in each cav-
ity, 1 pair ascending, 1 pair drooping. [Mohrodendron Britton.]—Three
species, as follows.—Spr.—SILVERBELL-TREES. BELL-TREES
Corolla-lobes shorter than the tube: fruit 4-winged.
ruit ellipsoid or somewhat obovoid: corolla 1-2.5 cm. long. 1. H. carolina.
Fruit clavate: corolla less than 1 cm. long. 2. H. parviflora,
Corolla-lobes longer than the tube: fruit 2-winged. 3. H. diptera.
1. H. carolina L. Small tree with a reddish-brown, ridged and ee Laie
or shrub, the winter-buds acute: leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or obovate,
6
yx —
bist ; corolla 15-2 0 mm. long: doc
gia
H. monticola (Rehder) Sarg.—The light-
brown heart-wood is MN grained, but light
and soft.
H. parviflora Michx. Small tree with dark-brown or nearly black bark, or
a e the winter-buds obtuse: leaf- roue i elliptic- ids. Or slightly
obovate, 3-7 em. long, finely serrate: calyx 2 e m. long, pubescent: corolla
10-12 mm. long: fruit clavate, mostly 1. 5-3 em. lo Ren Roue inged. '[M.
Mi Britton |—Woods and fae Coastal Plain and adj. provinces,
o Miss., Okla., and S Ga.—Early
H. diptera Ellis. Small tree with brown, fissured and scaly bark, the
winter -buds obtuse, or a shrub: leaf-blades oval, elliptic, or oe or some-
t hed: calyx 3—4 on
times ovate, 4-15 em. long, rather coarsely to m. long, pubes-
cent: corolla about 2.5 : iously pubescent caer E ments and
tyle pu ent: fruit narrowly ellipsoid, 4—5 c g, i ged, d
beaked. " : —Hamm
and M ara Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. "m Tex., Ark., dad
. C.—Spr.— The wood is similar to that of H. carolin
a
OLEACEAE 1037
2. STYRAX [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves with thickish blades,
but deciduous. Inflorescence leafy-bracted. Calyx with minute lobes. Corolla
white, with recurved petals or lobes. Anthers linear. Ovules several, ascending.
—About 75 species, American and Eurasian.—Spr.—SToRAXES,
Corolla-lobes valvate in the bud. 1. S. americana.
oe d imbricate a: convolute in the bud.
Bra of the orescence mostly leaf-like: leaf-blades
na o ani beneath. 2. S. pulverulenta.
Bracts of the inflorescence only leaf-like at the base of the
panicle or raceme: leaf-blades densely pubescent beneath. 3. S. grandifolia.
T; americana d Shrub with sparingly stellate twigs: leaf-blades oval
Or a iptie, varying to ovate or ped Fa m. long, entire or distinctly and
shallowly toothed: n els glabrou
nearly so: ealyx much shorter than the e
cel: eorolla-lobes elliptic anceolate-
elliptie, acute: drupe 6-8 m diamet
S nd stream-banks, Coastal Plain
and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Ill, an
Va.—The flowers are fragrant.
ulverulenta Michx. Shrub with
densely stellate Hib leaf-blades ovate,
val, or obovate, 2-8 cm. long, sharply ser-
rate or pod pedicels eanescent or
hoary: calyx about as long as the pedicel
corolla-lobes elliptic or elliptic. -lanceolate,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and S Va
3. S. grandifolia Ait. Shrub or small tree, Vis dcus stellate twigs: leaf-
blades ovate, oval, or sometimes elliptie, 9—20 long, e d toothed or
nearly entire: ir E canescent: corolla- lobes ellipt ie: drupes 8-10 mm. in
diameter.—W oods, sandy river-banks, and hammocks, Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, Fla. to La. and S Va.
ORDER OLEALES—OrEAL ORDER
Shrubs, trees, undershrubs, or partially herbaceous plants. Leaves
opposite, or rarely alternate or whorled: blades simple or compound.
Flowers perfect, polygamous, or dioecious. Calyx of 4 or more partially
united sepals, or wanting. Corolla of 2-6 distinct or partially united
petals, or wanting. Androecium of 2-4 stamens partially adnate to the
corolla when it is present. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, the ovary
superior. Fruit a capsule, a samara, or a berry, usually 1-celled by
suppression.
Famity 1. OLEACEAE — Orivk FAMILY
Woody or partially woody plants with erect or elimbing n.
Leaves DEA opposite : Bs. simple and entire or toothed,
pinnately compound.—About 22 -i and 525 species, widely distributed
in temperate and tropical regions
1038 OLEACEAE
Shrubs or trees: fruits not didym
Fruit dry, an indehiscent or dehiscent capsule.
Fruit a loculicidal cap p D leaf-blades simple. Tribe I. SYRINGEAE. 4
Fruit indehiscent, a sa dot leaf-blades pinnate. Tribe II. FRAXINEAE. |
Fruit fleshy, a drupe or d DE Tribe III. OL
OLEAE.
Woody vines, with compound leaf-blades : fruits didymous. Tribe IV. JASMINEAE.
I. SYRINGEAE
Shrubs: flowers conspicuous, numerous in ovoid or pyramidal
thyrsoid panicles. 1. SYRINGA.
FRAXINEAE
II.
Shrubs or trees: flowers mostly De apetalous, in
dense racemes or panicles from the axils of last year's leaves. 2. FRAXINUS.
III. OLE
Flowers apetalous or sometimes with 1 or 2 ndi petals, mainly
polygamo- ui styles lender. 3. FORESTIERA.
Flowers with a corolla, perfect or polygamous: styles short or
stout.
Corolla rota ith elongate strap-like nearly distinct
te,
petals : leaves deciduous . 4. CHIONANTHUS.
i funnelfo rm or Salverfonim. with short lobes: leaves
Corolla funnelform, w white; lobes induplieate-valvate. 5. LIGUSTRUM.
Corolla salverform, greenish ; lobes imbricate. 6. AMAROLEA.
IV. JA
Leaf-blades pon sometimes 1-foliolate: calyx-lobes and
ore. 7. JASMINUM.
corolla-lobes 5 or
1. SYRINGA L. Shrubs. Leaves opposite: blades broad, entire. Flow-
ers in terminal panicles. Calyx-lobes Eie shorter than the tube. Corolla
white or purple: tube longer than the lobe
Stigma 2-lobed. P died d than ide
—Twelve species, Eurasi
1. S. ris L. ems commonly 2-3 m.
tall, "ml pm leaf- Ee ovate, 4—
10 long, acuminate: panı 1-3 dm.
robes cal 2.5 mm. long; ss ovate or
triangular: corolla mm. ;
v is to obovate: eapsule ellipsoid, 14—16
-LILAC.
Waste- -places, thickets, and gardens, various
provinces, E U. S. Nat. of Eu. and cult.
—Spr.
FRAXINUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades un-
"Ed pinnate. Flowers polygamous, dioecious, or rarely perfect, in clusters
or panieles. pem Pa 4-lobed or obsolete. Corolla greenish, of 2—4
petals, or wanting. Stamens 2 or ann 3 or 4. Stigma 2-lobed. Samara
winged at the e or all Mundi qd 90 species, mostly of the north tem-
perate zone.—Spr.—ASHE
Body of the samara flat, the es m to its base or around it.
aw. RD twigs 4-sided : rounded or obtuse
1. F. quadrangulata.
Leaflets En oo terete: Samara narrowed or acute Vids
Sa en spatulate or elliptic- ee 2.
Samara elliptic to ovate or obov 3.
. Body of the samara terete or cis Un essed: the wing
terminal or slightly decurren
F. pauciftora.
F. caroliniana.
OLEACEAE 1039
Wing of the als decurrent on the sides of the body.
sam
ara-wing linear, sometimes one: linear. 4. F. Darlingtonii.
mni ins spatulate to elliptic
Sam SR terete
of the sam ara narro
Samar ra broadly ental blades of the
leaflets thick, entire. 5. F. Michauaii.
Samara narrowly linear: blades of the
E thin, serrate. 6. F. Bu Um
o of the samara stout, ellipsoid. T. F. Small
Samara- body compressed. 8. F. profun
Wing of the samara terminal or nearly so. i
Twigs and leaves glabrous or Heed So. 9. F. americana.
Twigs and leaves densely pubescent. 10. F. biltmoreana.,
F. quadrangulata Michx. Tree, rarely becoming 36 m. tall the twigs
p leaflets 7—11; blades of the lateral ones lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate,
long, serrate, short-petioluled:
m h
samaras TT em. long, the wing linear-ellip- A
tie or di deris eee | W
woods, often in calcareous soil, various prov-
inees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss.,
Ark., Minn., Ont., and Ohio.—The light-yel-
low and brown-streaked heart-wood is used
in construction The
and lilii building.
inner bark yields . a blue dye
2. F. pauciflora Nutt. Tree becomin ng s
m. tall or shrub, the nr glabrous: leaflet
5— 7; blades of the lateral aes “aneoolate
em
tudinally veined.— s ASH.)— —Sw mps, , Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., and
Ga.—The wood is foe “similar to that of the next following species.
3. F. caroliniana Mill. Tree sometimes 12 m. tall or shrub, the twigs ofte
pubescent: leaflets 5-9, usually 5-7; blades of the lateral ones dui ac
a sha tire: samaras
and adj.
provinces, Fla. Mo., and Va.—The white or yellow- tinged heart-
wood is close- rained p soft a weak.
ubes : ;
narrowly elongate-linear wing which is decurrent on the upper part of the
slender fruit-body.—Swamps, woods, and stream- -banks, various provinces, Ala.
to La., Kans., Ill, Pa., N. Y., Mass., and N. C.
ichauxii Britton. Tree u "p to 12 m. tall, the twigs velvety or glabrous:
leaflets 5—7; blades thick, ovate, oval, ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, 15
re, -green d
em. ove
cent beneath: samaras 3.5-5 em. ong, each with a spatulate, usually broadly
spatulate wing which is decurrent on the o fruit-body.—Swamps, mea-
dows, and stream- Da various provinces, La. to Md., N. Y., and N. J.
F. pennsylvanica Mar Tree s tall, the twigs velvety
pubescent (or glabrous in P. pennsyly eerie poA leaflets o-7; blades of
the lateral ones lanceolate or sone dee elliptic, 5-20 em. long, entire, or ser-
1040 OLEACEAE
iate acies near the apex: samaras 3.5-6 em. long, the wing Bd de-
eurrent to the middle of the linear body or near it.—(RED-ASH. GREEN-ASH.)—
Lo ods and stream-banks, various provinces, N. C. to Ala., Kans.. ak.,
and ; reported also from Miss.—The light- brown, coarse- grained "heart-
ood hard and heavy, is used in a variety of ways.
F. Smallii Britton. Tree becoming 16 m. tall, the twigs glabrous: leaflets
5-7; blades thinnish, elliptic- -lanceolate, ovate “Janceo late, ovate, or elliptic-ovate,
5 ntir ale and
1 em. long or less, acuminate, entire or nearly so, br right- pur n above
more or less pubescent beneath, M oed d: samaras 38-5 em. long, each
with an elliptic or linear-elliptic, u sually acute wing which is decurrent on the
he
upper half of the stout seed-bo ae — River. banks, bottoms, and swamps, Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, N Fla., to La., Mo. and N. C.
8. F. profunda Bush. Tree sometimes 35 m. tall, the twigs pubeseent: e
lets 7-9; blades of the lateral ones lanceolate- ovate or elliptic, 6—12 cm. long,
entire or undulate: samaras 4-5 em. long, the wing linear- -elliptic or elliptic
spatulate—(PUMPRIN-asH,)—Swamps and RE. various provinces N of
W N. Y.—
o Ala., Mo. ted to T. o
funda, but with thinner and aa broader leaflets and smaller fruits (3—3.5
em.) has been e as F. catawbiensis Ashe. It occurs in the Piedmont of
Ga. and the Caro
9. F. americana L’ Tree becoming 40 m. tall, the twigs a leaflets
5-9; blades of the li ones lanceolate or ellipti e, 5-15 em. long, relatively
thin, entire or shallowly toothed: samaras 2.5-3.5 em. Da (les than 2 em.
long and seedless in F. americana Curtissi), the wing linear-spatulate or el-
liptie-spatulate, terminal or pus so on the E ear body.—( WHITE
ASH.)—Rich or moist woods, vario Mesi Tex., Minn., a
The brown heart-wood, Apnd d, tough and ‘strong, is used in a great
variety of ways. Our most valuable ash.
£o
=
' H
Pi
2
an
|
10. F. biltmoreana iis Tree becoming 18 m. tall, the twigs densely
soft-pubescent: leaflets ; blades of the lateral ones ovate to eae -lance-
olate, 7-14 ¢ m. long, relatively paa entire or obscurely to n: E samaras 3.5—5
em. long, the. wing linear or so, terminal or nearly s the pn t el-
rw cM — Woods on river- a Blue Ridge to d en "Plateau, Ga. to
3. FORESTIERA Poir. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades sim-
ple. Flowers mostly polygamo-dioecious, in lateral d, green or whitish.
Calyx minute, 4—6-lobed, or obsolete. Corolla w rarely of 1-2 de-
ciduous petals. Stamens 2-4. Stigma 2-lobed. pun ellipsoid to globular.
[Adelia P. Br.]—About 15 species, America
Leaf-blades acuminate at both ends: drupe much longer than thick, narrowly
ellipsoid. 1. F. acuminata.
Leaf-blades obtus eee p SUR as long or slightly longer
than thick, ios
Seara deciduous ; blades "oo tlied; membranous, not punctate.
Leaf-blades pubesce nt on the veins beneath and often
with scattered hairs between: Sa flowers and
drupes very short-pedicelled or sessi 2. F. ligustrina.
n copiously pubescent hea. pistillate flow-
drupes markedly pedicelled. 3. F. pubescens.
Tidawes Papen ene DNE entire, coriaceous, punctate.
rupe oval or
Leaf-blades elliptic or elliptic-spatulate. 4. F. porulosa.
Leaf-blades linear, linear-elliptic, or oblanceolate. 5. F. pinetorum.
Drupe globular 6. F. globularis
OLEACEAE 1041
1. F. acuminata (Michx.) Poir. Tree sometimes 10 m. tall or shrub, the
twigs glabrous: leaf-blades 3-10 s EA elliptie-oval to ovate- -elliptie, slightly
serrat r , 9- long: A
drupe narrowly ellipsoid, 12-15 mm. long; © ok
stone uum. to the apex.—( FORESTIERA.) SNC
—River-swamps, stream- -banks, and ponds, S&S
various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Il., and CY)
S. C.—Spr. NE At
e 7d,
2. F. ligustrina (Michx.) Poir. Shrub 1
m. tall, the twigs usually brown or purplish X
glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades 1
long, elliptie oval or approaehing cd on
finely serrate: bracts ovate or rhombic,
about 2.5 mm. long, eciliate: pu broadly
globose-oval, 7-8 mm. long; stone oval.—
Sandy or rocky soil n river- i. various
provinces, Fla. to Tenn. and Ga. —Sum.
3. F. pu e Nutt. Shrub mainly 1-2 m. tall, the twigs pE a
ene leaf-bla —4 em. long, elliptie-oval or elliptic-obovate, er-
ate: bracts oe 92.5 mm. long, or rarely longer, ciliate: aR “tipsoig
6 7 mm. long; stone aa ellipsoid.—River-banks, Coastal Plain, Fla.
Tex. and Ark.—spr.
4. F. porulosa (Michx.) Poir. Small tree or shrub 1-3 m. the twigs
des 1.5—5 em. long, elliptie to EN -spatulate,
mostly 2.5—6 em. long, e entire: bracts oval or sub-orbicular, about 1.5 mm. long,
ciliate: drupe ellipsoid, 7-8 mm. long. [Adelia segregata ~ SE. Jl
(FLORIDA-PRIVET.)— dre cks and Sad dunes, S F
5. F. pinetorum Small Shrub with short rigid, sometimes virgate branches
0.2-1 m. tall, the twigs puberulent, gray: leaf-blades 1-2.5 em. long, linear-
eee E oblaneeolate, entire, thin-cori ed braets obovate to orbieular-
5-2 mm. 1 ng, eilate: drupe o 5—7 mm. long, equilateral, black:
Men n LIVE. ede S pen. Fla.—Fall- —Spr.
6. F. globularis er Shrub with intricately branched stems, 1-3 tall,
the twigs pale-gray and striate, glabrous: leaf-blades elliptic or slightly pim.
ened upward, ee: -fleshy, mainly 1-2 em. long, paler no than above:
flowers few, nearly sessile: ds oval to noo uit 2-2.5 mm. long, ciliate:
ie as globular, 7-9 mm RE blue; stone globose or pros -globose.—
-hammocks, E pars
4. CHIONANTHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, deeiduous:
blades simple. Flowers perfect or polygamous, in drooping festoon- like panieles.
Calyx Edi A-lobed. Corolla white: lobes narrow, many times longer than the
tube. Stamens 2: filaments adnate to the corolla-tube. Stigma notched or
2-lobed. See oval to subglobose-—Two species, Ameriean.—FRINGE-TREES.
OLD-MAN’S BEARDS. FLOWERING-ASHES. GRANDSIR-GRAYBEARDS.—Spr.
Corolla-lobes 2-3 cm. long: anthers acuminate: drupe 1-1.5 cm. long.
1. C. virginica.
oe lobes about 1 em. long: anthers abruptly blunt-tipped :
pe 2-2.5 cm. long.
66
2. C. pygmaea.
. 1042 OLEACEAE
aL. Tree up to 10 m. tall WE : tall shrub with a taproot: leaf-
blades oval to to eee varying to obovate, mostly 8-18 cm. long, becoming thick-
embranous, pel cred panicles
with Sun: bra ieh a 2—4
em. long: anthers fully 2 mm. po Rs Mrs upe
ellipsoid.—Swampy woods, rocky bluffs, and
dp T often in vM poe various irs
J.
a. Tex
ight -brown ha d is Keen and
ard.
C. pygmaea Small. Shrub with under-
ms m.
a
, becoming ceous, short-
petioled: panicles wit ry small
iduous bracts: anthers less th 2. mm.
long: drupe oval ——Serub, inland sandhills, S end of lake region, Fla.
5. LIGUSTRUM [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades
simple, entire. Flowers perfect, in erect panicles. Calyx shallowly 4-lobed
or nearly truncate. Corolla white or greenish, fonnelform: lobes broad, about
as long as the tube or much shorter. Stam filaments adnate to the
corolla-tube. ee 2-lobed. Drupe mostly PETAN a 35 species,
natives of the Old World.
Corolla-lobes as long as the tube or nearly so: anthers oval. 1. L. vulgare.
Corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube: anthers linear. 2. L. ovalifolium.
L. vulgar Shrub becoming 3 m. tall: leaves tardily deciduous; blades
TA elliptic: due lanceolate, or individually broadest above the middle,
1-5 em. long, or rare rely larger, obtuse or
acutish, slender-petioled: panicles many-
inute,
mln lobes p ovate: anthers
less ma 2 mm. long: drupes di 6—8
in diameter, black.—(PRIVET. PRIM.)
provinces, N. C. to Tex., Ont. and Me.
of O. W., and cult.—Spr.—sum
2. L. ovalifolium Hassk. Shrub or Ves
tree: leaves dd tardily apace or ever
green; blades ovate, elliptic or oval, 3-7 c
long, mostly ped d "p, ‘stout: ‘petioled:
bra
panicle ma 0
cous: calyx- Tobes prre cordis 73 m m. long: lobes p did ovate: anthers
over 2 mm. long: drupes mostly oval to ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, nearly pom
(CALIFORNIA PRIVET.) —Cult. Seine waste- laces, and fence-rows, Coas
Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. o of Japan, and cult.—Sum
Ligustrum sinense Lour. A shrub differing from L. vulgare in r densely
pubescent young Dundee and inflorescence, and with the midrib o e leaves
pubescent beneath ~ the stamens much longer than the UE occurs
as an escape in
gustrum | um Ai t a shrub or small tree, with large, ovate or ov
ebd leaf- blades often 6-12 em. long, large erect panicles of sessile ae
OLEACEAE 1043
ers, and ee ipi ded E en dud fruits, is widely Volpi in d
coastal regions. It of China and Ja apan, and is occasionally s
Lane about ioe bens it is foem on the deus of North "Carolina and
Loui
6. AMAROLEA Small Shrubs or small trees. Leaves i e per-
sistent: blades simple, entire. Flowers polygamous, in small axillary sealy-
bracted panicles. alyx prominently 4-lobed. Corolla funnelform, w
white or white: lobes broad, nearly as long as the tube. Stamens 2: filaments
oval or globose, very bitter.—Only the following 2 spec ip or annone s
DEVIL-Woops.—Differs from Osmanthus by the coralloid inflorescence, the sub-
sessile flowers, the introrse anthers, and the capitate stigma.
Drupe oval or ellipsoid, 1 cm. in diameter or less: stone acute at both ends. (See
note. 1. A. MM
Drupe globose, 2-2.5 cm. in diameter: stone acute at the base. 2. A. megacarpa.
A. americana (L.) Small Tree becoming 15 m. tall or shrub, the bark
pale leaf-blades Pelea elliptic, eria ae anime ote or lanceolate, 5-15
m. long, entire, lust above: inflore
branches and aw usually finely pubescent:
rolla 3—4 mm. long: drupe 10-15 oe
dark- DD ; pups ellipsoid, less than le
meter. iC &
a a. N. C.—The
dark-brown bg wood is close-grained and
hard.—Osmanthus floridana Chapm aid
to differ from this sees in its yellowish-
out &
scarcely poised at the base, may represent
another spec
2, A. megacarpa Small. Shrub or small tree with a trunk-diameter usually less
than 1 dm., the bark pale-green: leaf-blades elliptic or slightly sicui above
the middle, m ostly 9—15 em. long, very aaa ar A "pe globose, 2—2.5 cm. long,
dull-purple; ae globose-obovoid, more tha n diameter. Osmani
a Small.]—Serub, S end ‘of the lake bes Son Fla.
7. JASMINUM [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or woody vines. Leaf-blades 3-7-
rdg or sometimes 1- ionis Flowers mostly in terminal compound cymes.
alyx with 4-9 short or elongat Mops narrow, lobes. Corolla salverform, the
limb hee lobed. Filaments ame the corolla-tube. Fruit REDDE
About 100 speeies, natives of the Old an 1d.
Leaves with 3 or more leaflets, usually 5-7-foliolate: anthers Slender, long-tipped.
1. J. grandiflorum.
Leaves reduced Rd a single leaflet, thus 1-foliolate: anthers stout,
short-tip
Calyx much less than half the length of the corolla-tube:
corolla-lobes narrowly elliptic, acute or short-acuminate. 2. J. undulatum.
Calyx about half the length of the ee or more:
corolla-lobes oval, ovate, or orbicular, obtuse 3. J. Sambac.
m L. Plant partly erect or diffusely reclining, glabrous or
nearly so: dp mostly 5-7; blades ovate to oval, mucronate, except the
1044 SPIGELIACEAE
pe MER or narrowly ovate,
de minate te e: calyx 4-8
Am ates Piob es poo often unequal:
PT white; tube 17-21 mm. long; lobes
JE NIA-JESSAMINE -
JES SPANISH-JESSAMINE.) — Pine-
lands, thickets, and waste- eT S B Fla.
Nat. of E. I, ma i ele y Qus
S. A. )—All yea
2. J. undulatum Ker. Plant climbing, the
stems and branches elosely fine-pubescent:
| ovate
S
cymes few-several-flowered: calyx-lobes 5 or 6, filiform-subulate, much longer
than the tube: corolla white; tube 15-20 mm . long; lobes narrowly elliptie or
nearly so, acute or short-acuminate —Roadsides and thiekets, N Fla. Nat. of
E. L, and cult. or —fall.
3. J. Sambac (L.) Soland. Plant climbing, the stems and branches finely
pubescent: peces s 4-18 em. long; blades oval to ovate or elliptie, mostly aeute
at the apex obtuse or rounded at the base: cymes few-several-flowered : calyx-
e j : lla
rrowly
10-15 mm. long; lobes oval, A or erp. mostly obtuse.— ( ARABIAN-
JESSAMINE. NASSAU-JESSAMIN E — Woods and thickets, S pen. Fla. Nat. of
E. I., and cult.—(W. 1I.) —4A11 year
ORDER GENTIANALES — GENTIANAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes aquatie or humus plants or vines.
Leaves mainly opposite: blades simple. Flowers mostly perfect, ee
or in cymes. Calyx of 5 partially united sepals, or fewer. Corolla of 5
partially united petals, or fewer. Androec ium of as many aa as
there are corolla-lobes: filaments often partially adnate to the corolla-
tube. Gynoecium of 2 more or less united carpels. Fruit capsular,
baeeate or drupaceous.
Ovary 2-celled : leaves stipulate or with stipular lines. Fam.1. S
Ovary 1- celled: leaves not stipulate.
Corolla-lobes convolute or imbricated in the bud. mn E GENTIANACEAE.
Corol la-lobes induplicate-valvate in the bud. Fam. 3. MENXANTHACEAE.
Faminy 1. SPIGELIACHAE — Locania FAMILY
vines, or woody plants. Ei typically opposite. Flowers
all
bs,
open or compact Un e Caly or 5 partially united sepals.
Corolla of 4 or 5 partially united EA Androecium of 4 or 5 stamens.
Gynoecium of 2 united carpels, or rarely more: ovary 2-¢ one = rarely 4-
celled. Fruit capsular and 2-valved, or baccate or drupac — Thirty
genera and about 400 ae most abundant in warm and bod regions.
Woody vines: stigmas 4: corolla yellow. Tribe I. GELSEMIEAE.
aan or erect shrubs: stigma entire or slightly 2-lobed : corolla
t yellow, at least without. II. SPIGELIEAE.
GELSEMIEAE
Stem cue twining: leaves persistent. 1. GELSEMIUM.
SPIGELIACEAE
II. SPIGELIEAE
iri valva
rolla funnelform or salverform : styles permanently united.
"Flow ers in the forks of leafy DE style jointed near
the mi 2. COELOSTYLIS.
Flowers in terminal dM or spike-like racemes: style
jointed near the bas 3. SPIGELIA.
Corolla urn-shaped: oles ‘soon distinct. 4. CYNOCTONUM.
Corolla-lobes imbricate.
Annual herb: sepals nearly distinct: capsule loculicidal. 5. POLYPREMUM.
Shrubs, or partly woody herbs: sepals chiefly united: cap-
sule septicidal. 6. ADENOPLEA.
1. GELSEMIUM Juss. Evergreen vines. Flowers dimorphous, in axil-
lary cymes, or solitary. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla AE straight. Fila-
ments with the free portion much longer than the adnate portion. Stigmas 4.
Capsule flattened contrary to the septum, septicidal. Seeds winged.—Three
species, the following and 1 Asiatie.— Wint.-spr.—Y ELLOW-JESSAMINE. EVENING
MPET-FLOWER.
Leaf-blades narrowed at the base: calyx-lobes obtuse: anthers elliptic-ovate :
sule short-beaked : seed winged. 1. G. sempervirens.
Leaf-blades rounded at the base: calyx-lo bes acuminate:
anthers lanceolate: capsule Wi -beaked : seed wingless. 2. G. Rankinii.
1. sempervirens (L.) A Stem and branches ofte
n the flowering shoots ae Hi leaf- REA u to elliptic-
lanceolate, 1. a m. long, entire: pedi
scaly throughout: ealyx-lobes 3—4 mm on
elliptic x orate teellipi e: bud blunt: corolla
deep-yellow long; gd Ced
dilated: mm je body veiny, 19.2 m. long,
the beak 1-1.5 mm. long: E. m mm. long,
the body about as long as the wing.—Ham-
mocks, thickets, bluffs, hey bin Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark.,
and Ya. —Wint.-spr.—The flowers are very
fragra
wd - bays 2 Plant with the s
, the o o
7
em. T tire: t e base: "
oriri about 4 mm. long, lanceolate: bud — corolla deep-yellow, 2.5—3
ul 0-11
. lon me; ; tube a uus fads e-body veinless, 10-11 mm. long, the
bor ong: seed 3 ong.—Swamps and river banks, Coastal
Plain, xn Fla. P La. E N. ri "Wint spr.—The flowers are not fragrant.
2. COELOSTYLIS T. & G. Annual
erect herbs. Flowers in the forks of leafy
branches, or in the leaf axils. Calyx-lobes
narrow. Corolla white or whitish, o
funnelform, plicate in the bud. Filamen
adnate to about the middle of the Bend
tube.—T'wo species, North Ameriean
1. C. loganioides T. & G. Plant 1-3 dm
tall, E n. leaf- odd oval to elliptic
or anceolate, 1.5-3.5 lon ng: ni -Jobes
narrowly linea abou NET Dc the
eid ane cra Ede
capsule about 6 mm. wide.—Pinelands, E Fla.
1046 SPIGELIACEAE
SPIGELIA L. Ereet herbs. Flowers in solitary or clustered spikes or
spike-like racemes. Calyx-lobes narrow. Corolla colored, rarely pale, tubular-
funnelform, scarcely if at all plicate in the bud. Filaments adnate to above
the middle of the sein take or to near the top.—About 35 species, American
Plant perennial: inflorescence not subtended by a whorl of bracts.
Corolla scarlet without, 4—5 cm. lo one anthers exserted. 1. S. marylandica.
Corolla purplish without, 1.5~2.5 cm. long: anthers included. 2. S. gentianoides.
Plant annual: inflorescence subtended by: a whorl of bracts. 3. S. Anthelmia.
1. S. marylandica L. Flant 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, o
sometimes elliptic 3—10 em. long: calyx- nen 10-11 mm. long: corolla red with-
LINA-P PIN WORM-GRASS.)—
Rich a and hillsides, Fla. to Tex., Ind.
and Md. (or —Spr.
2. S. gentianoides Chapm. Plant 2-3 dm.
tall: leaf-blades ovate, or sometimes oval-
lanceolate near the p of the stem or al-
most o 1.5-5 long: calyx-lobes
7—9 m long: ¢ mud DUE lobes deltoid or
ovate- deltoid. ne soil, W Fla.—Spr.
3, S. Anthelmia T. nt 1-4 dm. e
leaf- blades Ge 3-12 em. long:
cai: subtended by a whorl of ie ,
bracts: d a iE 1.5-2 mm. long: corolla 6-10 mm. long, purplish, ape om
capsule 5-6 vide, tubereulate.—(WEST-INDIAN PINK-ROOT. WOR s.)—
Hammocks n m ndn Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. rg
4. CYNOCTONUM J. F. Gmel. Annual (ours) ereet herbs. Flowers in
terminal cymes, seeund. Calyx usually 5-lobed. Corolla white or pink, urceo-
late, somewhat longer than the calyx. Filaments almost completely adnate to
the corolla-tube. Styles united by their tips in anthesis, ultimately distinct.
Capsule miter-shaped.—About 5 species, of warm regions.—MITERWORTS.
Leaf-blades narrowed into petiole-like eee inflorescence lax. 1. C. Mitreola.
pe P ra sessile: inflorescence dens
des ovate to orbicular: Coro lobes ovate. 2. C. sessilifolium.
Leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to almost linear: corolla-lobes
lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. 3. C. angustifolium.
. Mitreola (L.) Britton. Stem 1-7 dm. bs leaf-blades thin, d
Mu or ovate, or sometimes n d 1.5-8 em. long, aeute or acumina
cap-
corolla-lobes ovate to elliptie- gc
mm. long.—Damp soil ed A
Ark., and S Va.—(W. I., Mes., C. A.,
—Sum, or all year S.
C. sessilifolium (Walt. J. Gmel.
1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades ick ovate
t bi , 1-5 long, obt picu
late: corolla-lobes d ed shorter dun
ube: Se ae abou ong.—Pine-
lands and wet places, pe | Plain, Fla. to
La.—Sum.
3. C. angustifolium (T. & G.) Small.
GENTIANACEAE 1047
ied 2—6 E he leaf-blades thick, — elliptie to SL or nearly
line 2—4 long, obtuse or aeutish: corolla-lobes lanceolate or linear-
TEA Bere longer than A tube: a about 4 mm. "um — Wet
places, Coastal Plain, Fla. and S Ga.
5. POLYPREMUM L. Annual diffuse herbs. Flowers solitary in the
forks a and in the leaf-axils. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5, narrow.
n white, fex i shorter than the
alyx. Filaments adnate to the corolla-tube
es about % nae length. Styles very short,
permanently united. Capsule obovoid
subglobose.—One species.
1. P. procumbens L. Stem and branches 1-3
m. long: leaf-blades narrowly linear to
subulate, db M Soa : a
n
narrowly lanceolate, about m ong:
SF. Mee ae slightly “shorter Iro
than the tube: capsule about 2 mm. long.— eq A
noes bcr folds, and pond-
margins, Coastal Plain and a adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Pa a— (f. I., Mex., C. A., S. 4.)—Spr_—talll
6. ADENOPLEA Radlk. Shrubs or partly woody plants. Flowers in lax
or dense cymes borne in racemes or eri Calyx-lobes 4, shorter than the
tube. Corolla trumpet-shaped, curved. Fila-
ments adnate to below the middle of the
corolla-tube. Capsule thick, septicidal—Few
species, of tropical regions.
1. A. Lindleyana (Fort.) Small. Stem
diffusely branched, 1-2 m. tall, the branches
ola
long: corolla pur 2 E. or red-
disk, 12— ps mm. long, the tube curved: cap-
sule 4—5 m long. [Buddleia Lindleyana 3 =
Fort. ] — Ro: adside es, eult. grounds, and waste- :
piaees, -~ Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga. Nat. of China, ins eult.— (V. I. )—
Sun
ES 2. GENTIANACEAE — Gentian FAMILY
Annual or perennial caulescent herbs or rarely shrubs. Leaves
typically opposite: blades entire, sometimes connate. Flowers perfect,
solitary or variously clustered. Calyx of 2, 4 or 5, or more, partially
j rsisten l j
petals, varying from rotate to tubular. Androecium of as m any stamens
as there are corolla-lobes, the filaments z adnate to the corolla-
ube. Gynoecium o two united carpels. Fruit a oe icu
dip and 700 species, most abundant in temperate region
Corolla-lobes convolute in the bud: leaves not scale-like. Tribe I. GENTIANEAE.
Corglia-lobes Bbricate in the bud: leaves mere scales
Stigmas 2, distinct: plant green or purple- inged. Tribe II. OBOLARIEAE.
a united, dilated : plant white, not gree Tribe III. LEIPHAIMEAE.
1048 N ra. GENTIANACEAE
ae Xen
GENTIANEAE
Su Bim, mostly deciduous : anthers recurving or twisting at maturity.
Sti roundish, much shorter aes the style.
Tolla-tube surpassing the c 1. CENTAURIUM.
Corolla. tube much shorter than the calyx. 2. EUSTOMA.
Stigmas linear or nearly so, about as eae as the style.
irs. pe icelled, when more than one, paniculate: an-
3. SABBATIA.
Flo owers nlg when more than one, capitate: anthers
4. LAPITHEA.
Style ao. "BBort or wanting: anthers straight at maturity.
Corolla not furnished with nectariferous structures.
Corolla nour Ds in the sinuses of the lobes: calyx
wi ior membr anc
Sepals unequal, the inner much broader than the
AE and thin-margined : corolla lobes fimbriate or
5. ANTHOPOGON.
Sepals essentially equal or if unequal the inner nar-
e
th ter: corolla-lobes entire or
y toothed. 6. GENTIANELLA.
Corolla pna plaits mue ep NSS of the lobes: calyx
with an interior nen 7. DASXSTEPHANA,
2 furnished with ese eas pits, glands, or scales,
or 2 for each lobe. . 8. FRASERA.
. OBOLAR
Calyx-lobes 4, narrowed upward: petals sli vus united. 9. BARTONIA.
Calyx-lobes 2. broadened upward: petals well united. 10. OBOLABIA.
III. LEIPHAIM
Humus plant with Jadi stems and small, ina flowers. 11. LEIPHAIMOS.
CENTA Hill. Annual, biennial, or -sometimes perennial, rela-
iay small herbs. Flowers in terminal
mes. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5, keeled. Corolla
4
tube, often strongly involute, acuminate.—
About 25 species, widely distributed.
1. C. pulchellum (Sw.) Dru Stem 3-25
em. tall: Pao dh of the See leaves elliptic
to ovate, 5—20 mm. long, d use: calyx 6-8
mm. long: coro olla 9—10 long; lobes
elliptic-ovate, obtuse: rer 7. 9-8 mm. e
[Erythraea pulchella (Sw.) Fri es.]— (CE
TAURY. )—Fie slds and NAM Ae Hat variou
provinces, Miss. to La., Ill, and N. Y. N " of Eu.—(W. I.)—Sum.-fall.
2. EUSTOMA Salisb. Annual —— large herbs. Flowers solitary or in
n panic eles. ue e 5 or 6
‘pla des "of the u
elliptic anceolate, L
lobes mm. long: corolla rose-purple;
lobes elliptic or oval, 17-20 mm. long: cap-
sule 2-2.5 om. lon ng—Pinelands, coastal
and-dunes and hammocks, pen. Fla. and
Flori i Keys— —(W. I. )—A1ll year. —Albino
forms occu
GENTIANACEAE 1049
SABBATIA Adans. Annual or s dug ee pd herbs. Flowers
solitary or in cymes. Calyx-lobes 4-12, narrow. Corolla white, or pink to
lilae, or magenta, often with a distinct d rotate: m Bre. longer than
the tube.—About 20 species, North Ameri
Calyx-lobes and corolla-lobes usually 4 or 5. I. ANGULARES.
Calyx-lobes and corolla-lobes 8-12. II. DODECANDRES.
I. ANGULARES
Upper part of the stem id opposite bs
Stem and branches teret
Ca ly 2 -Jobes shorter than the tube, erect: style and stig-
about equal in length. 1. S. macrophylla,
Calyx-lobes longer than a tube, recurved : style much
E CUR man the r 2. S. recurvans.
Corolla-lobes s elliptic io cR s ‘upper leaves with
Corolla White
Leaf- blades rounded at the base. 3. S. difformis.
Leaf-blades truncate and somewhat auricled at
E Bou se, 4. S. paniculata.
Corol 5. S. brachiata.
Corollarlobes pem to obovate: upper leaves with broad
6. S. angularis.
Upper part P" the stem with alternate bran
Corolla-lobes of a spatulate or A type.
C n obes foliaceous, mostly broadened upward. - 7. S. calycina.
Calyx-lobes nos foliaceous, narrowed u upward. 8. S. Elliott.
Corolla-lobes of an elliptic or oval t
Cal ed a typically about as don. as the corolla-lobes :
rolla inly less than 3 cm. broad. 9. S. campanulata.
Gaire obes EvPicall y much shorter than the corolla-
lobes: corolla mainly over 3.5 cm. broad.. 10. S. grandiflora,
II. Dop
SOAU elliptic-spatulate to oblanceolate, pee ium 25 mm.
usually acutish at the
Cal uu “lobes acct shorter than tne rolla
Calyx-lobes linear or slightly Sarum ed upward. 11. S: dodecandra.
Cal A es linear-spatulate. 12. e Harperi.
Calyx-lobes as long as the corolla or nearly so. 13. S. foliosa.
in lobes asma. spatulate, over 25 mm. long, usually
ed at the tip. 14. S. decandra.
1. S. macrophylla Hook. Stem 6-10 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves
elliptie to elliptie- danceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-6 em. long, acute: calyx 2-3
mm. long; lobes shor han the tube:
corolla white; lobes 6.8 mm. long: capsule
—4 mm. long.—Wet pos or acid DES
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.—Sum
2. S. recurvans Small Similar to S.
macrophylla in habit: calyx 4-5 mm. long;
lobes longer than the tube: eorolla white;
om eapsule 3.5—4.5
9
ong.—Low or moist Duc Coastal
Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Sum
is (L.) Druee. Stem 4-9 dm.
M " Blades ger the upper leaves dpa to
lanceolate or pd lanceolate, 1—4 cm. long,
apieulate or aeu ca 7-9.5 m s ng;
lobes mueh epus than the tube: a white, drying I lobes yii
mm. long: eapsule 5-6 mm. long. [S. lanceolata (Walt.) T. & e J]— b.
B
lands, and acid bogs, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tenn. and N. J —BSpr.-s
1050 GENTIANACEAE
4. S8. paniculata (Miehx.) Pursh. Stem 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the gee
leaves elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or nearly linear, 1-3 cm 6.5-7.5
mm. long; lobes d id longer than the tube: corolla slit: lobes 10-14
mm. long; capsule 7-9 mm. long.—Acid meadows and pinelands, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Ala. and S Va.—Spr.-sum.
5. S. bra to
linear-lanceolate, 1.2-3.5 em. long: calyx 7-8 mm. long; lobes much longer D
the tube: corolla pes E white; lobes 11-15 mm. long: capsu mm. long.
[S. angustifolia (Michx.) e La, Mon as soil, often in "pinelands, Coastal
Plain, and adj. DR da. Fla. to La., Mo., and N. C.—Spr.-
6. S. angularis (L.) Pursh. ie 3-8 dm. at hys of the upper aedis
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-3 long: fiow ragrant; calyx 7-8 m
long; ice uch rd than the ne corolla Nera deep pink} lobes 10-18
ong: ca a 4.5-5.5 mm. long.—(ROSE-PINK. BITTER M.) —Steril
ode thiekets, and Bon. various provinees, Fla. to La., Okla., Ont., and
N. J.—Sum
S. calycina (Lam.) Heller. pie 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves
elliptic to elliptic lancedlata, 2-6 cm. d ped 15-25 mm. long; lobes linear-
la
oblanceolate or some of them m merely linea ueh longer than the tube: corolla
rose or nearly white; E spatulate to elliptic. spatulate, mostly shorter than
the yx lobes: capsule 7-8 mm. long.—River a amps and low hammocks,
Coastal "Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark. and Va.—Spr.-sum.
8. 8. Elliottii ipee Stem 2-7 dm. tall: blades of the T s elliptie to
linear, 0.5-2 cm. long: calyx 7-8 mm. long; lobes about Te ng a s the
tube: " corolla white or eream; lobes spatulate to oblanceolate, 10-1 Jem
mueh longer than the calyx-lobes: eapsule 4-5 m . lon ng. —Pi pe Coast al
Plain, Fla. to Ala., and Va.—Sum.-fall.
9. S. campanulata ES Torr. Stem 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves
narrow, but typically broader than the diameter of the stem or branches: calyx
wit ifor
various. provinces, Fla., to La., Tenn., and Mass.—Sum.—fa A foliose variet
with the blades of the ‘lower leaves obovate to up and ‘of the upper leaves
lance-elliptie varying to linear and with calyx lobes much eae than the
corolla occurs at various ice in the Coastal Plain from Fla. to La. and
S N. C. This has sometimes been included in S. stellaris Pursh.
10.
leaves bris stout-filiform or nearly so, mainly narrowe r than the redd
of the stem and the branches, 3-10 em. long: calyx with filiform or very narrow
lobes much shorter than the corolla: corolla deep-rose or magenta, the eye yel-
low; lobes oval or elliptic-oval to ppp a capsule 8-10 mm. long.—
Everglades, low pinelands, and prairies, pen. ye m
S. dodecandra (L.) b S. P. en 2—4 his blades of the mpper b
i arly
2-4 em. long:
corolla rose-purple o Pe. pr eye Perm e spatulate to elliptic. spatulate,
m. ] a. 8-9 mm. lo ong. —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
and S N. Y.—Sum.—fall.
12. S. Harperi Small. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves elliptic-
lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 em. long: ealyx-lobes linear-spatulate: corolla
bright-pink or whitish, the eye yellow; lobes spatulate to elliptic- -spatulate,
much longer than the calyx-lobes: capsule mm. long.—Swamps or pond-
margins in eee Coastal Plain, N Fla. ee Ala, to S. C.—Spr.
GENTIANACEAE 1051
13. S. foliosa Fernald. Stem 1-5 dm. E blades = the upper leaves linear-
elliptic - bars lanceolate or almost lin 2-6.5 em. long: calyx-lobes ed
corolla eye yellow; lobes nu to e Pci about
long as m Ene e. eapsule 5—7 mm. long.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain,
a. and Ala.— —Spr. —fall.
. decandra rp pens Stem 6-9 dm. tall: blades of Po upper
b , 9—10 em. long, lower leaves spatulate
corolla deep- ES to MCN the eye yellow E
em. long: capsule about 10 mm. long. = Shallow pineland ponds, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Ala. and S. C—Sum.—fall.
4. LAPITHEA Griseb. Annual or biennial herbs. Flowers solitary or
in a congested cyme. Calyx-lobes mostly 7—10, narrow, unequal. Corolla red,
purple, or a rotate: lobes mostly 7-10, joue ot than the tube.—Only the fo
lowing spec
Blades of the cauline leaves above the lower part of the stem elliptie to Pr DUG
lanceolate: bracts of the involucre linear-elliptie to lanceolate. 1. L.capitata
Blades of the cauline leaves above the lower part of the stem
narrowly lanceolate: practs of the involucre narrowly linear-
attenuate, 2. L. gentianoides.
L. capitata (Raf.) Small. aen m dm. tall: blades of the upper leaves
elliptic to eh de asus 1.5-4c ong: braets oval or elliptie: ose -lobes
corolla E bn
woods, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau,
Ga. and Ala.—Sum.-fall.
n lat a
gentianoides EL ye pinelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—Sum
9. ANTHOPOGON Neck. Annual, biennial, or rarely perennial herbs.
Flowers solitary at the ends of the stem aud its branches, the whorls mostly of
ar
t er and hyaline or scarious-margined.
Corolla salverform to funnelform: lobes
Shorter than the bus. without plaits in the
sinuses. Stigmas very broad.—About 50
Species, widely NA
1. A.crinitum (Froel) Raf. Ste vendre
tall, mostly pee gee e bins | ovate t
m. long, partly P.
0
ong. [Gentiana crinata Froel.|—(FRINGED-GENTIAN. )—Swamps, moist
1052 GENTIANACEAE
thiekets, and meadows, various provinces, Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to N. D.
and Que.—F all.
6. GENTIANELLA Moench. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Flowers
solitary or in open or contracted. cymes, the whorls of 4 parts each, or some-
times of 5 parts. Calyx relatively small: lobes essentially equal or the outer
ones broader than the inner. Corolla blue or pale bluish-purple, funnelform
or salverform: lobes shorter than the tube, with plaits in the sinuses, but often
filamentose at the base.—Numerous species of wide geographic distribution.
Calyx-lobes shorter than the tube: corolla-lobes ovate. 1. e: quinquefolia.
Calyx-lobes longer than the tube: corolla-lobes lanceolate. 2. occidentalis.
1. G. quinquefolia (L.) Small. Stem 1—11 dm. tall, mostly branched, 4- -winged;
MER ovate to lanceolate, 2-3 cm. net partly clasping ; 'calyx- -lobes
spatulate, 2-3 mm. long: corolla blue
Sidi s 18-20 mm. long: eats abont
m. lon
14 m ng. [Gentiana qunquefior d
—( Gur WE. Ere — Rich
s or moist ealeareous soil, various prov-
wo
V E Coastal Plain, Fla. to Mo.,
Mich., Ont., and Me. — Sum .& fall.
2. E: Mete and (A. Gray) m ane
to the preceding species in rs
larger RH bes ded Or eur Janceo:
11 rolla s 24
ee pale- us "capsule fully 15 En "e
—Moist soil, various provinces, Miss. to La. -
Minn., and 'Ohio.—Sum.-fall.
7. DASYSTEPHANA Adans. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs.
Flowers in a compact terminal cyme and axillary cymes or solitary, the whorls .
mainly of 5 parts each. lyx persistent: lobes minute or foliaceous, more or
less unequal. Corolla 'funnelform or clavate, with neither glands at the base
of the tube nor filaments at the base of the lobes: lobes much shorter than the
tube, with plaits at the sinuses. Stigmas narrow. Capsule cca —About
T5 ees natives of the north temperate zone.—Fall.—GENTIAN
Flowers sessile, clustered: corolla-lobes shorter than the plaits in their sinuses or
I.
decidedly longer, erect, ascending, or converging. LATIFOLIAE.
Flowers pedicelled, solitary : eorolla-lobes much longer than the
plaits, spreading, or reflexed. II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE.
I, LATIFOLIAE
Corolla open funnelform: anthers separate. 1. D. puberula.
Corolla eee to clavate: anthers cohering in
ng
Corol la blue
Corolla-lobes Jarger and ee (only slightly so in D.
Saponaria) than the plaits
Corolla-lobes decidedly longer than the plaits:. stem
escent.
alyx-tube gl
eaf-blades round subcordate at the base:
corolla-plaits with 2 unequal fimbriate lob 2. D. parvifolia.
ea at the base corolla-
plaits with 2 equal, nearly entire lobes. 3. D. latifolia,
Calyx-tube pubescent. 4, D. decora
Corpila lobes slightly longer than the plaits: stem
labro 5. D. Saponaria.
Corolls-lobes - very small, mostly smaller and shorter
than the plaits. 6. D. Andrews.
GENTIANACEAE 1053
Corolla ro Dc or less tinged m green or yellow, or
greenish-white or purplish-gree
Calyx- lobes shorter 2 the ibo! leaf-blades broad at l '
the base and m r less clasping : seeds winged. 7. D. flavida.
Calyx- lobes ager than the tube: leaf-blades narrowed ,
at the base: seeds wingless. 8. D. villosa.
II. ANGUSTIFOLIA
Corolla-limb deep-blue : free portions of the fil cus lanceolate. 9. D. Porphyrio.
Corolla-limb white: free portions of the filaments subulate. 10. D. tenuifolia.
puberula (Miehx.) Small. Plant 2-4.5 dm. tall, finely pubescent or
SE blades of the upper leaves oue Or elliptic- -lanceolate: calyx
18-26 mm. long; lobes linear to narrowly
corolla rose-purple, 3.5-5 em. long; lobes
broadly d ascending; ne cleft pu
laciniate, uch shorter the lobes
did body abo ut 2 em. i n = Dry Bun
and u ince
large ascending lobes which ee
exceed the narrow dcs -lobed plaits
í parvifolia (Chapm.) Small. Plant
2—7 d tall, finely pubescent: blades of the
upper leaves dad B lanceolate or arp
lanceolate, 1.5—4 long: calyx 25-30 mm. long; lobes linear pd linear-
elliptic, much in ‘than the tube: corolla rose- nu or blue, 4.5 em. long;
plaits cleft and erose-toothed: lobes rounded: le-body about 2.5 cm. long.
[Gentiana Elliottài Cha pm.}—Rive r-banks, Ba woods and ERE Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Va.—Somewhat resembl he preceding in the shape of
the corolla A but differs in pm small narrow e. lobed d " decidedly
toothed plaits
3. D. latifolia (Chapm.) Small. Plant 3-8 dm. tall, finely pubescent: blades
sn the upper leaves Pe to broadly tee Pi sometimes n nearly linear, 2-8
long: ealyx 15-25 mm. long; lobes line o linear- a pul com mo y
ls than the tube or "fully as long: aire fud purple, 4—5 cm. long; lobes
acute; plaits cleft and som a erose: capsule-body nearly 2.5 em. E
ji j ist
ha
S Va.—Larger than dre precedi ng, with more typically elliptic ee
blades, and with larger els toothed corolla-plaits.
D. decora (Pollard) Small. Plant similar uj that of D. d in habit:
leaf- blades thinner, more decidedly acuminate: calyx less t . long;
m es to linear- subulate or lanceolate, Shorter than the a ‘corolla
pur 2.0—9 em. long; lobes id than the plaits: plaits very broad p
BI and erose: capsule-body about 2 em. long.—Moist mt. w Blu
E Ga. to Va.—Differs uo ali the preceding E and fro "the ie
folowing in the small ealyx-lobes and from all related species m , the small
corolla-lobes which are separated by wide broadly 2-lobed erose plait
5. D. Saponaria (L.) S Plant 3-8 dm. tall, PE dx. of the up-
per as e to Reim -lanceolate or elliptic, 2.5-7.5 em. long: calyx 15-
22 mm. long; lobes spatulate to ee as long as the tube = toner:
corolla blue or purplish-blue, 3.5-4 em. long; "lobes mainly shorter F i t
plaits: plaits narrow, ele t and ue laeiniate: capsule-body fully
long. [Gentiana pn L.]— (SoAPWORT-GENTIAN, )—Moist shaded pen
1054 GENTIANACEAE
and woods, often in acid soil, various provinces, Ga. (or Fla.?), to La., Min
t., and Conn. —Readily distinguished from related species by the large lobed
and somewhat laciniate corolla-plaits which about equal the corolla-lobes.
6. D. Andrewsii (Griseb.) Small. Plants 3-10 dm. tall, pea blades of
the upper leaves lanceolate, E d lanceolate ovate-lanceo late ovate, mainly
ng: calyx mostly 11- lobes elliptic, oval, ¢ or ovate, shorter
T
a
unequally 2-lobed and erose toothed plaits: capsule-body 2-2.5 cm. long
entiana Andrewsii Griseb.]—Moist woods, meadows, prairies and swampy
thickets, often in calcareous soil, various provinces, in Coastal Plain only north-
ard, Ga. to Ark. Sarria ns. th N. Dak., and Me.—Easily distinguished from 2
our other species by mall PRU E corolla- lobes which are much e
ceeded by the large od sd plaits
7. D. flavida (A. Gray) Britton. Plants 2-9 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the
upper ie lanceolate to ovate, not of an obovate type, 5-11 em. long: calyx
—20 mm. long; lobes o
reading: corolla white, or sometimes tinged with yellow, 3—4 cm. long; lobes
deltoid ovate to reniform-ovate, lo M than the coarsely and irregularly few-
othed plaits: capsule-body about 2 ae SE gee prairies, moist yee
a somewhat acid meadows, various = nces N of Coastal Plain, N. C.
. Ark., Mo., Ont., —May be distinguished from our other nec E
the white or yellow- tinged corolla d the short and broad calyx-lobes
8. D. villosa (L.) Small. Plant E dm. tall, poi purs of the upper
leaves iy gx Bing -obovate, or obovate, not of an ovate type,
long: calyx 25-4 peti lobes line ar to eae. Burr NA longer "than the
tube, Esel or und ie S0: orolla greenish-white or purplish-greén, 4—5 em. long;
lobes ovate to deltoi sate: much longer than the entire or merely 2-lobed
plaits: poste ody 2.5-3 em. „10m8. ae blag ochroleuca Froel. a
thickets, acid e woods, and pinelands, various provinces, Fla. to La.
an —Differs from our other 22 in the mainly 2 e oni
and narrow calyx-lobes
9. D. Porphyrio (J. F. Gmel.) Small. Plant mostly 2-4.5 dm. tall, the stem
simple or rarely branched: leaf-blades narrow, those of the lower ee spatu-
te, those of the upper linear-spatulate to linear: calyx-lobes linear-subulate:
imb d
corolla deeply colored, the 1 eep-blue; lobes ovate, entire or obscurely erose
its rather Ru oí laciniate capsule- 5—2 em. 1 ands, and
margins o pools, Coastal Plain, S. C. to N. J.—This and the following
Species differ rA all the preceding in the funnelform corolla and laciniate
plaits.
. D. tenuifolia (Raf.) Pennell. Plant mostly 1-2 dm. tall, the stem usually
simple: leaf-blades very narrow, those of the lower leaves linear- spatulate, those
1 inear:
of the u
greenish-white, the ES white; lobes ovate, evi ond erose-toothed: plaits
rather alee laciniate: capsu ule jer about 1.5 em. long.—Low pinelands,
M. Fla.—Most eadily separated from ae snes Ta species by its low
stature and vite or greenish-white n limb.
8. FRASERA Walt. Biennial or perennial herbs, usually coarse and with
hollow stems. Flowers in panicled cymes. Calyx-lobes 4, narrow. Corolla
GENTIANACEAE 1055
white, yellowish, or bluish, rotate: lobes 4,
nee than the tube, each with 1 or 2
glands.—Five species, North American.
F. carolinensis Walt. Stem 1-2.5 m. tall:
yl
long: calyx-lobes linear to linear- lanceolate,
acuminate: corolla ochroleueou us and purple-
dotted;
0
various provinces, Ga. to La., Ont., a
Y.—Spr.-su um.—This ually
triennial, blooming the second year after the seed germinates, and dying as
soon as the new seed is est ted.
ge
B
et
m
ARTONIA Muhl. Annual or biennial, slender wiry herbs. Leaves mere
narrow scales. Flowers in racemose or panieled cymes, or solitary, each sub-
C up
eastern North Ameriea.—Sum.-fal
Corolla 6 nm long or more ; lobes spatulate to TE a ME 1. B. verna.
Corolia 5 mm. long or less ; lobes vu d to ellip
brolla] lobes elliptic, mo re or less erose, a pointed :
branches and pedicels sti 2. B. virginica.
Corolla-lobes - lanceolate, entire, acute or acuminate: branches
and pedicels lax. 3. B. lanceolata.
1. a hrs (Michx.) Muhl. Plant 0.5-3 dm. tall: leaves poma E aaa
EE calyx-lobes - linear- Ee corolla white: lobes 7—10
pela ca apsi 5-6 mm. long.—Moist pin
nds, prai rios, and lake o Coastal
—spr.
3
la
Plain, Fla. to La. and Va.—Win
B. virginica (L.) B Plant 1—4
am tall: leaves (seales) am or E
nate on small plants: ealyx-lobes subulate or
ER MR corolla yellowish-white;
tl 2.5
lobes mostly 2-2.5 mm. long: capsule 3-5
mm. long.—Open woods, swamps, and grassy
ae in acid cil, = provinces, Fla.
to , Minn., and Newf.
lanceolata Small. Plant 2-6
lyx-lobe inica:
corolla greenish-white; lobes mostly 3. 5-3 m . long: capsule 4-5 mm. lon Ram
bs p ds and s ~ mps, Coastal Plain d rarely adj. Ed Fla.
—In and the next preceding specie ote plants are re
a containing little chlorophyl and apparently living, at least in part, as
saprophytes in decaying organie matter
10. OBOLARIA L. Perennial small, but stout succulent herbs. Leaves
mere dilated num Flowers in spike-like cymes, each subtended by a dilated
1056 MENYANTHACEAE
braet. Calyx-lobes 2, dilated upward.
Corolla white, pinkish, or purplish, ra
funnelform: lobes 4, about as long as the
tube.—One Done
O. virginica Plant purplish- m
5-20 em. a tall: jen (seales) 5—10 long,
ro patulae: corolla 7-10 mm. long:
lobes Paes as the tube, acute:
eile, 5 : long.— (PENNY WORT. )—
Moist thickets "and rieh woods, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ill., and N. J ——Spr.
11i. LEIPHAIMOS Schlecht. & Cham. Annual or perennial humus-plants.
Leaves mere scales. Flowers solitary or in cymes. ae 4 or 5, narrow,
commonly about as long as the tube. Corolla
white or variously colored, salverform: lobes
4 or 5, much shorter than the tube.—About
20 species, mostly tropical American.
1. I. parasitica Schlecht. & Cham Plant
pale, 1-4 dm. tall: leaves (scales) opposite,
mm. long: calyx -lobes lanceolate, acute:
m. long, a
e Fla. and Florida Keys — (W. I.)—AM
yea
Famity 3. MENYANTHACEAE — BoaBEAN FAMILY
. Perennial aquatic or bog herbs. peri alternate; blades simple or
3-foliolate. Flowers perfect, solitary, or in clusters or racemes
of 5 partly united sepals. Corolla ae or colored, rotate or funnelform.
Androecium of 5 stamens, with the filaments partly adnate to the paca
ube. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Style short. Fruit a cap-
sule, sometimes indehiseent.—Five genera and "aont 35 species, sudo
distribu ted.
NYMPHOIDES [Tourn.] Hill. Aquatie herbs. Leaves with elongate
petioles and broad blades with a deep basal sinus. Flower- clusters sometimes
tuber-bearing, borne on a petiole-like stalk. Calyx-lobes narrow.
tate. Fi
ro
Capsule ellipsoid to ovoid. [Limnanthemum J. F. Gmel. ]—About 20 species,
widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions.—FLOATING-HEARTS
Leaf-blades relatively small: corolla about twice as long as the calyx: capsule
af blade longer than the calyx: seed smooth 1. N. lacunosum.
eaf-bla
lyx
2. N. aquaticum.
APOCYNACEAE 1057
1. N. lacunosum (Vent.) Kuntze. T iim ovate or orbicular-ovate, 2—4.5
em. long: flower-clusters usually with t eorola white: filaments adnate
to above the middle of the pale tube p
capsule
out 4 m ong. ean Griseb.]
- Shallow paie. various provin 2 Fla. to
La., Minn., Ont., and Me.—Spr.-fall.
N. aquaticum (Walt.) Kuntze. , Leaf-
blades suborbicular to reniform, 5-15 em
A. Gray|—Ponds and ‘slow Pura e
Plain. Fla. to Tex. and N. J.—Spr.-
ORDER ASCLEPIADALES-—-ASCLEPIADAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs or trees, commonly with a milky juice. Leaves alternate
or opposite: blades entire. Inflorescence eymose, sometimes umbellate.
Calyx of usually 5, partially united, sepals. Corolla of usually 5 partially
united petals. Androecium of 5 distinct or monadelphous stamens. Pollen
granular, or in waxy masses. Gynoecium of usually 2 earpels sometimes
only united at the apex. Stigma terminal. Fruit a pair of follicles, or
drupaceous.
Styles united: stamens distinct: pollen loosely granular. Fam. 1. APOCYNACEAE
Styles distinct : stamens monadelphous: pollen united into
axy masses. "am. 2. ASCLEPIADACEAE,
Famity 1. APOCYNACEAE — Docpane FAMILY
Perennial herbs, vines, shrubs or trees, mostly with a milky aerid
juice. Leaf-blades simple. Androecium of 5 stamens with the eee
nverging around the stigma or partly adhering to it. Filaments par-
at
tially adnate to the corolla-tube. Pollen-grains simple Gynoecium of 2
distinct carp or 2 un earpels. Styles united. Stigmas simple
Fruit usually of 2 folhe es appendaged.—A bout
Seed oft
130 genera and 1,100 species, widely distributed but mostly tropical.
Carpels distinct: fruit a pair of follicles or drupes, sometimes single by abortion.
Anthers unappendaged 2 the base, not connected with the stigma: oo lobes
sinistrorsely convolu I. VIN
an appendaged ` the base, converging around the
A and partially adherent to it: corolla-lobes dex-
trorsely ane
II. ECHITIDEAE.
Carpels united: fruit a 1-celled capsule.
III. ALLAMANDAE.
I. VINCEAE
Fruit drupaceous : shrubs or trees.
Corolla salverform, PON ely small; lobes equilateral,
shorter than the
Co E lla funnelform, relatively large ; lobes inequilateral,
nger than the tu
Fruit "i pair of follicles: Hebe: sometimes H shrubby.
Flower without a disk: leaves alternat 3. AMSONIA.
Flower with a 2-lobed disk: leaves A
67
1. VALLESIA.
2. CERBERA.
1058 APOCYNACEAE
Anther with a foliaceous connective: carpels 6-8-
ovuled: stigma glabrous: corolla funnelform. 4. VINCA.
Anther with an inconspicuous connective: carpels
several-ovuled: stigma pubescent: corolla salver-
form. 5. CATHARANTHUS.
II. ECHITIDEAE
Shrubs or trees. 6. NERIUM.
Herbs or vines.
Corolla appendaged within: ealyx-tube partially at-
tached to the gynoecium by the thick disk: upright
T. APOCYNUM.
Corolla 'unappendaged : calyx-tube wholly free: vines.
Sti iene s appendaged with a reversed cup or 5 lobes.
oe funnelform, the throat widened upward.
"Cal yx-lobes relatively long and narrow: scale-
like glands borne at the base of the calyx
8. URECHITES.
cerned lobes relatively broad and short: scale-
glands wanting. 9. RHABDADENIA.
Co rolla salverform, e throat narrowed upward. 10. ECHITES.
Stigma merely thic 11. TRACHELOSPERMUM.
III. ALLAMAND
Shrub with opposite, sometimes whorled leaves, slew fun-
nelform corollas, and echinate capsules. 12. ALLAMANDA.
1. VALLESIA R. & P. Shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades relatively
broad. Calyx-lobes short. Corolla salverform, the throat contracted at the
mouth: lobes shorter than the tube, equi-
lateral. Stamens adnate up to the throat of
the corolla: anthers cordate: disk wanting.
Carpels 2. rupe narrow. . Seeds clavate,
unappendaged.—Two species tropical Ameri-
can
V. glabra Cav. Shru b3 m. tall or Ed
j e
lanceolate, e es deltoid
to ovate- deltoid, less than 1 em. long: coro
white ; m. long; be eel
j 0-14
. elliptic, 3-4 mm. don ng; drupe
long.—Hammocks, Florida Keys.—(W. I. A Mex., C. A., S. A.—Spr.-fall.
2. CERBERA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate: blades relatively
narrow. Calyx-lobes long. Corolla funnelform, the throat not constricted at
outh. Drupe broad. Seeds angular.
8
T L.]—About 7 species, tropica
American.
l. E Thevetia L. Sh d leaves approxi.
m. long: unt co 3-4 cm. broad.—
Pinelands, eult. oo and waste-places, S.
pen. Fla. and ur ida Keys. Nat. 25 E op
Am (Wr I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)— Ps
—Known as nn in the West dies
and in southern Florida.
APOCYNACEAE 1059
3. AMSONIA Walt. Herbs. Leaves alternate: blades various. Calyx-
lobes deltoid to lanceolate. Corolla mainly salverform, blue or purple-blue;
lobes narrow.—About 8 species, North American and Asiatie.—BLUE-DOGBANES.
BLUE-STARS.
Corolla pubescent withou
Leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so, at least at maturity: delen glabrous.
Leaf-blades broad, ovate, oval, or broadly elliptic-lan
late. . A. Amsonia.
Leaf-blades narrow, elliptie, elliptic-lanceolate, lanceolate, n
or linear- lanceolate. . A. salicifolia.
Leaf-blades tomentose be neath, permanently Dur be- uu
neath: follicles ee at least on the upper part. . A. ludoviciana.
Corolla g labrous withou 1
e NS blades elliptic-lanceolate, linear-lanceolate,
ar, or linear- filiform, those of the upper ones at least nm
. A. ciliata.
sile.
Leaves short ; blades elliptie, oval, or ovate, distinctly peti-
led.
. Á. rigida.
A. Amsonia (L.) Britton. Plant 6-13 dm. tall, glabrous
s eu dE VD relatively broad, oval to broadly elliptic- ee.
6.5— ph em. long: eorolla purplish-blue; tu s
— ng; lo bes shorter than the tube
follicles” 9-12 em. long. [4. Ta bernaemon-
tana Wal er banks
and rich woods, various prov
Tex., Kans., Eus Ci ura. as far N
as Mass ae -
salicifolia Pursh. Plant 6-19 dm
tall x ore leaf-blades En narrow,
lanceol ate to linear- lanceola te, 7-16 e
oro age T rplish-blue; lo ai as
bbc longer; follieles 8-
Low grounds and thickets, E SO
soil, various provinces, Fla. o Tex., Kans.,
and Va.—Spr.-sum.
. ludoviciana Vail. Plant 5-11 dm. tall, pubescent at least when young:
eaves Disk. vely few; blades broadly elliptie to iid opa e; 6-9 em. long,
beneath: co Po bluish; tube 6-7 mm. long; lobes about as
ube: follicles 8—10 em. long.—Moist grounds, ee in open woods,
oastal Plain and adj. provinces, "Miss. to La. and Ark.—-Spr.— The flowers are
E fragrant.
4. A. ciliata Walt. Plant 2-8 dm. tall, often much- cu Y i es
numerous; nn linear to linear- filiform t pper part of the t (al-
most fi mae in A. ciliata a : : corolla Pn ca iue Boe
6-8 mr s the ate llipti , mostly shorter than the tube:
follicles 8-16 em. long.—Dry plum Coastal Plain, and adj. Piediont, Fla.
, Ark., and N. C.—Spr.-
A. rigida Shuttlw. e 8-13 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves very numerous;
blades elliptic, oval, or ovate, 2.5-5 em. long: jen pus mm. long:
eorolla purplish-blue; tube n mm. long; lobes as long a tube or longer:
follicles 7-12 em. n. long ——Moist pinelands and PETS Poids poen Plain, Fla.
and Ga.—Spr.—
4. VINCA L. Trailing or creeping herbs. Leaves opposite. Corolla
blue, or rarely white: tube dilated at the mouth.—About 12 species, natives of
the Old World.—Spr.-sum.—PERIWINKLES. MYRTLES.
1060 APOCYNACEAE
Leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic-ovate, eciliate: calyx-lobes eciliate: follicles beak-
1. V. minor.
ess
Leaf-blades ovate to deltoid-ovate, ciliate: calyx-lobes ciliate: follicles
beaked. 2. V. major.
1. V. minor L. Leaf-blades subcoriaceous, 1-5 cm. long, narrowed to a short
petiole: ealyx-lobes lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, Ed. corolla 1.5—2 em. wide:
foliele 2.5 em. long or less,—Roadsides,
h anks, and cult. grounds, various
shade
provinees, Ga. to Ark. and Ont.—Nat. of
Eu.
V. major L. Leaf-blades membranous,
4-7 em. long, eared petioled: calyx-
lobes subulate, 9-1 long, pee at
Plain, Ga. and S. C.—Nat. of Eu.—These
periwinkles were brought to Ameriea from |
Europe by the early e in the eastern
B
United States. y means of the creeping
stems, plants soon spre ET from gardens to
roadsides and even into woodlands.
5. CATHARANTHUS G. Don. Erect herbs. Leaves opposite. Corolla
variously colored or white: tube with a contracted mouth. Follicle narrow.—
Three species, the ME and two in the ;
Old World tropic
1. C. roseus (L. . Don. Stems 2-7 dm
tall: leaf-blades oblong to oblong- cuneate,
-8 em. long: calyx-lobes linear- pops
k,
lobes abruptly pointed: f 2—3
long. [Vinca rose rocallis rosea
Small ]-— (PERIWIN D-
lands, hammocks, waste-places, roadsides,
and cult. grounds, pen. Fla. and the Keys,
Nat. of Madagascar (?).— (W. I., n
C. A., S. A.)—This showy plant has ta EN
possession of aeres of serub land in mop peninsular Florida,
6. NERIUM [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite: blades rela-
ae narrow. Corolla salverform, the throat pane with toothed scales
the mouth: the lobes spreading, broad.
POIs en. —Three species, Eun.
. N. Oleander L. Tree becoming 10 m. tall,
shrub: leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to
Nes -elliptic, 6-15 em ee nd -veine
on g:
ealyx-lobes lanceolate, 4.5 lon
corolla white to rose-purple or f
lim AL m. wide, the lobes obliquely
apieulate: follieles 1-2 dm. long. LEAN-
DER. )—Roadsides, fields, and edges of woods,
C 1 Plain, 0 a
as f . of the
Levants and cult.— — (IF. I.\—Al year.—The
sap is exe diu id po In some varie-
ties the leaves co a good oo of
rubber, in others po non
APOCYNACEAE 1061
7. APOCYNUM [Tourn.] L. Upright herbs. Leaves opposite: blades rela-
tively broad. Corolla campanulate to urceolate, with entire appendages near
the base, the lobes erect or recurved, fromthe ut 12 species, in the nort
temperate zone.—Sum.—DOGBANES. und.
one white, or pink within, 5-9 mm. long. .
orolla -lobes revolute: flowers nodding: corolla pink
eee leaves sprea 1. A. androsaemifolium.
Corolla-lobes spreading: , flowers slightly or not at all
nodding: corolla usually white: leaves erect. 2. A. medium.
Corolla white or greenish, 2 5-4 mm. long: lobes usually
ect: leaves and branches erect. 3. A. cannabinum.
1. A. Ro ag DUAE L. Plant 3-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate, elliptic,
oval, n . long: eymes rather long: ealyx-lobes ovate to ovate- lanceolate,
2—2.9 B eorolla-lobes nearly as Ios
as de tube: follicles 10-17 em. long.—
s, and fence-rows, various
ee fiel
pro nees, in Coastal Plain only northward,
Ga. 7 Tex., B. C., Ont., and N. B.
um Greene. Plant intermediate 4
between the receding and the following
ids leaf- pes pres n hae Mes.
. lon es son t dense: calyx
» bo Een e, "2-2.5 mm pre a
lobes nearly as long a the tube:
8- :
and low. grounds, rious provinces,
Cag Plain only hé N. C. to Mo
Minn., and Newf.
. cannabinum L. Plant 8-18 dm. ind ed blades PR to elliptie-
den
ovate or Mrd -lanceolate, 5-12 cm. lon rather calyx-lobes
lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long: eorolla- niu NE half as long as p nibo: fol-
A cles 12— "20 em. long.—Thickets, ae hi aps iin m-banks, various prov-
ces, Fla. to un B. C., Ont d N. P eral propos sed segregates of
this species do not pro ove to be oF a ‘all variations being found
between the sae segregates
8. URECHITES Muell.-Arg. Vines, or erect woody dad in op-
posite: blades flat, entire. Calyx-lobes 5, relatively long and na Corolla
showy, large, the short tube dilated into a longer a a. the limb
prominently lobed. Anthers sagittate, Piles than the nts, Mee usually
with a much elongate narrow apical appendage. d aoe ery slen-
der, more or less incurved. Seeds numerous, slender- ei RE, rue 6 species,
tropieal American.
pen permanently ao pubescent: corolla pubescent Nita basal lobes of
the anther over 1 cm. long. . U. pinetorum.
Calyx a. ae least ultimately so: o oe without:
basal lobes of the anther less than 1 cm. lon 2. U. lutea.
1. U. pinetorum Small. Plant gray-green, the stem underground, the nes
erect, or when more elongate reclining, simple or ager SO, copiously -pubes-
cent: leaf-blades obovate, ov Mee or elliptie, 3-7.5 c ong, dull above, D
d Me beneath: eymes usually payee 1-few- lowered, n uA narrow
acts: ca on nci. Su. te, 8-10 mm. long, a mate: a deep-
A ions 6-9 em. wide: anthers Tun 6 mm. long, ne 25 in FEE
1062 APOCYNACEAE
e. 9-19 em. long. — (WILD-ALLA-
NDA.)— "m nelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.
CIN
2. U. lutea (L.) Britton. Plant bright-
green, the stem and branches high-twining,
glabrous or copo e ously auod leaf-
blade es obovate, elliptie, oval, or ovate, or
Ee ee lar, ‘mostly 4—7 em. long,
ing abov meti imes in is oon
eat eer pos several or numer-
ous, several- to many-flowered, with foliaceous
mm.
yellow mostly 4-5 em. pos anthers 4-5
n. long, the s an tout: follicles 12—
15. em. long. x Ay rent Chapm.]—Hammocks, S pen. Florida and the
e I.)— s ear.—An imperfect specimen collected many years ago
orded as d m Key West represents an extremely pubescent form
of this nt Or € species. Several forms of this plant, or perhaps species
oceur in our ran n one the plant leaves and inflorescence are essentially
labrous; in merced the leaf-blades are sparingly pubescent beneath and the
inflor escence bristly pubescent; in a third form the leaf-blades are closely often
velvety pubescent beneath and the inflorescence is softly fine-pubescent.
9. RHABDADENIA Muell-Arg. Vines, sometimes nearly erect. Leaves
opposite. Calyx-lobes relatively broad and short. Corolla-tube PF di-
lated into the funnelform throat.—About 10 species, tropical Amer
Corolla- i white, 4.5-5 em. wide: twining vine, the branches
glabro 1. .R. biflora.
Corolla- limb yellow, 2.5-3 em. wide: erect herb, the branches pu-
bescent. 2. R. corallicola.
1. R. biflora (Jaeq.) Muell-Arg. Stem greatly elongate: leaf-blades nde
or elliptie-laneeolate, 4—9 cm. long, pou t alyx-lobes mn or nearly s
long, whit
BER-VINE.) —Coastal hammocks, S pen. Fla.
and the Keys.—(W. I.)—All year.
corallicola Small Stem 3-11
long, E volute: ealyx-lobes
deltoid ovate, 2 ong: e 3
ong, a E a- 1.5
licles 8-11 cm. long. —Pinelan nds, Everglade
eys al Cypress swam , Fla.
and lower Florida Keys.—Al Frag-
tary specimens apparently of a related
species, E. Sagraei, of th ham
ECHITES P. Br. Vines. Leaves opposite. Flowers relatively large.
the
10. i
Calyx with glands within. Corolla salverform, the throat narrowed to
APOCYNACEAE 1063
mouth.—About 40 species, idus Ameri-
1. E. Echites (L.) Britton. Stem from a
tuber-like root, widely twining: leaf-blades
ovate to oval, 4-9 em. long: calyx-lobes
triangular, 2.5-3.5 mm. long: corolla white
m. |
or greenish-white; tube 5-6 cm. long; lobes
1.5-2.5 em. long: follicles 15-20 em
i b pe Jacq. ]—(DEVIL’S-POTATO
Keys.— (WV. I.)—All year. This vine, par-
E in the EET I is s often very vigor-
Its stems and numerous branches are
ets intertwined.
11. eae a alata Lemaire. Vines with slender woody stems.
Leaves opposite. Flowers eM small. Calyx with glands within.
Corolla Fi M —About 6 species, North
American and Asiatic.
ee Stem ex-
tensively twining: leaf-blades ovate or a
to elliptic or el ate, 3-9 em. long: calyx-
lobes lanceolate- subulate, sa cm. long;
corolla greenish; tube 5-6 . long; lobes
m shorter than the tube: ‘follicles 15-22
ong. DC
rmis A. ]
Pire r-banks, low grounds, and swamps,
CT Plain, and adj. provinees, Fla. to
— (Mex
pre
S are in eastern Asia; the id of. Seema. a genus in which it is
sometimes inque are South Ameri
12. ALLAMANDA L. Shrubs, trees, or woody vines. Leaves opposite,
sometimes whorled Flowers large, often showy. Calyx-lobes rather narrow.
sule subglobose, more or less compressed,
echinate.—About 12 species, Bep
1. ~ e ica L. Shrub mostly 1
tall the twigs finely pubescent: leaf- blades
AE to elliptic, 5-12 em. long, mo Ern
abruptly short-acuminate, gla except
the veins beneath: flowers em P
calvx-lobes eu to elliptic-lanceolate:
corolla yellow, 7-10 em. long, the tube and
ae any E in d the es
4—6 in
wide: caps
Dum Su C ou )- Bosdsides E | hammocks, pen. Fla. Nat. of
. Am. and cult.—(W. I., Mex., C. 4.) —All y
1064 ASCLEPIADACEAE
FAMILY 2. ASCLEPIADACEAE — MiLKWEED FAMILY
Perennial herbaceous or woody plants, with usually umbel- like eymes.
the
Androecium of usually 5 stamens, with the anthers more adherent to the
stigma than in Apocynaceae, the filament-appendages fo n a a crown
with 5 lobes. Gynoecium of 2 earpels with the stigmas unite ne
um d;
earpel usually maturing.—About 240 genera and 2,000 SN p
distributed.
Pollen granular, the grains grouped in 4's: caudicles spoon-shaped, without a cor-
pusele. I. PERIPLOCEAE.
Pollen polus m 2 waxy masses (pollinia) : eaudicles united by
Pollinia SET us: stigma not saucer-shaped nor cup- ike:
anthers tipped with a scarious membrane, the sacs lower
than the top of the stigma. II. ASCLEPIADEAE.
Pollinia horizontal or nearly so: stigma saucer- -shaped or
cup-like: anthers scarcely or not at all tipped with a
er membrane, the saes on the margin of or close
he stigma. III. VINCETOXICEAE.
PERIPLOCEAE
More rotate: follicles long subulate, nearly terete, erect:
several-many-flow red. 1. PERIPLOCA.
Corolla. a follicles P and stout, irregularly
ngled, divergent: cymes few-flowered. 2. CRYPTOSTEGIA.
II. ASCLEPIADEAE
Crown double, the outer a nom ring, the inner consisting
of 5 ed hook-like scales 3. FUNASTRUM.
Crown single
Erect, ascendi ing, or spreading herbs.
Coro lla ellipsoid- ET T lobes erect. 4. PODOSTIGMA.
Corolla rotate, the lobes spreading or reflexed in
e.
Corolla- Es reflexed during anthesis: hoods o
e xn erestless or each with a horn-like
Ande: wings c corneous: pollinia longer than the
Hoods of the crown without horns or crests. 5. ACERATES.
Hoods of the AN each with an internal
oje
Hoods scoop-like or trowel-like, D free
. edges, the horn free or partl y adnate
the hood: flower-buds So flat-
topped. 6. ASCLEPIAS.
Hoods saccate or with the sides con
rone the 2 sacs: flower-buds flat
7. BIVENTRARIA.
Hoods "In gate, dorso-ventrally flat-
tened, the horn protruding from
is - flower-buds not flat-topped. 8. OXYPTERYX.
Anther-wi ues mbranous or papery: hoods of
the crown ellipsoid- -clavate, ascending and in-
curved over the anthers, each with a nade
E d within: pollinia shorter than t
es
Corolla-lobes — erect-spreading E anthesi
ho E t oe he pendulous or —— a
t bas ved upwards, obtuse, crested
within, E feast in the upper par
Hoods of the crown involute, and hooded at the
apex, crested above the middle: anthers
9. ANANTHERIX,
ase. 10. ASCLEPIODORA.
Hoods of the crow M con cace: m at the apex:
anthers saglitate at the bas 11. ASCLEPIODELLA.
(Ae ty ie oe
Mea
ASCLEPIADACEAE 1065
Twining vines.
fee slightly united at the base: column not elon-
Crown-lobes each with an entire or cleft terminal
appendage. 12. GONOLOBUS.
Crown-lobes entire or lobed.
Corol pad glabrous within: crown-lobes
Stigma flat: crown-lobes not notched. 13. AMPHISTELMA.
tigma conic: crown-lobes notched at the
IA
4. LYONIA.
Corolla-lobes pubescent within: crown-lobes
arrow . METASTELMA.
Petals ünited to about the middle: column elongate. 16. EPICION.
m
III. V XICEAE
Crown disk-like or saucer-shaped, obseurely, if at all ridged.
M rers ee column distinet, appendaged at the
ridged. 17. CYCLODON.
CORONA "MGE reticulate: column nearly obsolete, neither
appendaged nor ridged. 18. VINCETOXICUM.
Crown cup-shaped or incurved at the tip, usually crested or
appendaged on the inner side. |
Cymes long-peduncled, many-flowered: leaves large. 19. ODONTOSTEPHANA.
Cymes sessile, 1-5-flowered: leaves small. 20. IZDISONIA.
PERIPLOCA L. Slender twining, partly woody, vines. Leaf-blades
breed. membranous. Cymes broad. Calyx-lobes spreading. Corolla rotate,
inconspicuous, lobes pubescent within
with lobed seales, each n
corolla. <A
nected at the apex, ao
out
P. graeca L. Sp a bes eae
elliptic to ovate, 6-10 em. long, acumin
Calyx-lobes ovate to deltoid: oe ee
broadly linear, 9-11 mm. long, brownish-
purp d S within: crown-
appendages nearly as long as the corolla-
aa follieles sud: seed fusiform , 9-1
g.—(SILK-VINE.)—W fenee-rows, nd eult. EUM various
on
D inm Fla. to Okla., Kans., Pen Mass. Nat. of Eu.—Sum
2. CRYPTOSTEGIA R. Br. Stout woody sprawling vines. Leaf-blades
broad, coriaceous. Cymes narrow. Calyx- -lobes erect. Corolla funnelform,
corolla. Anthers connate around the stigma,
glabrous. Follicles stout.——Two species, in
the Old World tropics. |
grandiflora R. Br. Stem ies leaf-
blades ‘oval, elliptic, or ovate, 5-10 c m. long,
blunt calyx- lobes lanceolate to ovate, acumi-
nate: C. lobes broad, often ovate, 2-3
shor
straight, 10-15 em. long: seeds bottle-shaped,
1066 ASCLEPIADACEAE
—8 mm. long.—(PINK-ALLAMANDA. ml )—Hammocks, roadsides, and
waste- Bree S Fla. Nat. of Africa ?—(W. I .)
3. FUNASTRUM Fourn. Vines with narrow or broad leaf-blades. Calyx
5-lobed. Corolla rotate: lobes broad, glabrous within. Anthers coherent.
[Philibertia B. & H. not H.B.K. Phili-
bertella Vail.]—About 30 species, of tropical
and subtropical America.
F; Dee (Jaeq.) Schlecht. Leaf-
blades 3-8 long, ovate-elliptie to el-
liptic- jun rounded or subeord d at
the a iu twice long as th
eaves e “elliptic: Pee
late: torii "white; Tee elliptic to Ries
ct
eo
oa
x
—
Z:
S
zaia
E
e
mes
XE
Ss 2
EN:
Se n
T n
A. Gray Philibertella clausa ail]—Coastal
hammoeks and lake regions, pen. Fla. and
the Keys— (W. I. Mex., C. A., S. A.)—
All yea
4. PODOSTIGMA Ell Erect herbs, with narrow leaf-blades. Calyx-
lobes 5. Corolla eampanulate. Hoods incurved; blades remote from the
anthers which are elevated on a slende
column.—One spec
1. P. pedicellata (Walt) Vail. Ste
usually simple, 24 dm. tall; E Pd
linear, lanceolat te, or linear-elli iptie
long: aps lobes lanceolate or a
lanceolat 2 2.5 mm. long: corolla yellowish
or ccn yellow; ge lines -elliptie 7-8
mm. long: hoods 2.5-3 mm. long: follicles
) — j astal
. long w pinelands, Co
Plain, a ad 2 5 — - —A pe
plant i cylindraceous
yellow or een yellow corolla ei
othe h
grow in pineland subm dec] parts of the
year and send their elongate roots far down in the wet sand.
5. ACERATES Ell Erect or spreading herbs, with narrow or relatively
narrow leaf-blades. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla rotate, green: lobes reflexed.
Hoods approximate to the anthers, the column very short and stout, or slender,
or wanting: follicles fusiform.—About 8 species, North American.—GREEN-
MILK WEEDS |
Crown stalked; hoods oval or obovate: pollinia with short thick bases.
Ho S with erect tips: Dee n curved-appressed Lr.
ellipsoid : androe uch exceeding the crow 1. A. floridana.
CI globose or depressed nndroecium slightly: orcas
the crow 2. A. delticola.
Hoods with oor aang: tips: pedicels with spreading hair 3. A. hirtella.
Crown not stalked ; ris elliptic to lanceolate: pollinia "with EM
slender stalk-like base 4, A. viridiflora.
ASCLEPIADACEAE | 1067
. floridana (Lam.) A. Hitche. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, finely cinereous: lea
blades narrowly linear, often elongate, to rarely narrowly linear aa
umbels usually slender- edunded: pedicels strigillose: calyx-lobes triangular-
ovate: corolla-lobes about 5 ong,
es eyes 2 crown E 2.5
meter: Tolli cles 9-11 cm. long:
seed 10- ilm m. long. [A. longifolia EN.]—
mp o En and prairies, Pe Plain,
a rarely adj. provinces, es xX., Ark.,
and Del.—Spr.-sum. or all y year vg
2. A. delticola Small. Plant similar to A.
floridana in habit: leaf-blades ie
umbels rather slender-peduncled: pedicels
sparingly strigillose: calyx-lobes deltoid-
d 2 lobes m ica in A. flori-
about 3.5 in : diameter:
Follicles pn seen.—Low 3 mde. New Or-
leans, La.—Spr.-sum.
3. A.hirtella Pennell. Plant 6—10 dm. tall, densely cinereous: leaf-blades nar-
rowly linear-lanceolate to linear, often numerous and elongate: umbels stout-
peduneled: pedicels Dus us calyx-lobes ovate- n eorolla-lobes fully
twice the length 2 the calyx- tes: crown db Sd pun half the length
of the androecium: follicles 9-10 mm. long: seeds abou . long.—Prairies
and roadsides, various provinces, Ala. to Okla., Il., a Mich, — Sum.
4, A. viridiflora (Raf.) pee. Now 2-6 dm. tall: leaf- ud Ra to
ovate, elliptic, or oval, 4—12 c ng: calyx x-lobes lance s a-lobes 5—6
mm. long: hoods 3—4 mm. iuc n ane -wings about 4 m m. long: o llicles $—12
em. long: d 7-8 mm. long. — d. sterile soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
N. Mex., Sask., and Mass.—Spr.-su :
6. ASCLEPIAS [Tourn.] L. Erect or spreading herbs, with narrow or
broad leaf-blades. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla rotate: lobes eres: Hoods of the
crown trowel-like or scoop-like, erect or spreading, not adnate to the anther-
' the base. Follicles ovoid or fusiform.—About 95 species, mostly American.—
Sum.—MILKWEEDS. SILKWEEDS.
Crown longer than the T GERE or slightly shorter; hoods rounded, obtuse, or
truncate at the a
Corolla prientcolored: "ares white: crown white, maroon, or bright-colored, not
Follicles erect on deflexed pedicels.
ollicle - uper glabrous or pubescent
Lea mostly oe not opposite: plant
copiously pubescent. I. _TUBEROSAE.
Leaves mostly oca or whorled.
orolla orange-scarlet, red, or purple. ~ -IL — ^
. Corolla white or greenish- red.
jmbel xe dr on an elongate terminal
D ncle, an pee EA oe
meti nt: hoods m III. AMPLEXICAULES.
Umbels usually Se eal ee ‘and
minal: hoods pale. l
Stem prostrate: leaves vertical;
ie sessile and cordate- clasp-
IV. HUMISTRATAE.
iem erect: leaves not vertical;
ae ides p petioled and tapering at
Y. IXALTATAE.
1068 ASCLEPIADACEAE
Follicles echinate-warty, sometimes only near the
Follicles erect on erect pedicels.
‘lowers scarlet and yellow.
Flowers purplish, pink, or white.
eaves merely opposite, aot whorled.
Leav es, at least at sonie of the nodes, whorled
in or
TORR green: crown green, greenish-white or yellow-
iged.
Follies erect on deflexed pedicels.
pau erect m erect pedicels.
Crown about half as long as the androecium: hoods deeply
ai. Dy Eu projection of 2 dcuminate "lateral lobes:
umn no
I. TUBEROSAE
Leaf-blades acute or acutish, lanceolate or lance-elliptie : horn
GE C-]obes 1/3 the En gth of the corolla-lobes or less:
ood narrowly elli
Gi lobes nearly as ine as the corolla-lobes : hoods obo-
Leaf-blades obtuse and broadly rounded, pandurate: horn
very stout.
II. RUBRAE
Corolla and crown orange-scarlet.
Corolla and crown red or purple.
eaf-blades glabrate, or Tot beneath.
Leaf-blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate, M elliptic-lanceo-
late, acuminate, distinctly petio
i blades lanceolate to linear- lanceolate, attenuate,
runcate or nearly cordate-clasping at the Hare
Leaf- blades densely and softly pubescent benea
III. AMPLEXICAU
A stiffly erect plant ms an glossy m po blades
with crisped margin
IV. HUMISTRATAE
Plant with one or several prostrate stems, the vertically
placed leaves with white veins.
V. IIXALTATAE
Umbel loosely flowered, the pedicels more or less nodding:
flowers greenish-red.
VI. SYRIACAE
Tall herb with broad spreading leaves and with many-flow-
ered umbels in the axils of some of them.
VII. Cv naan
Tall plant with bright-green leaves and s howy “flowers, the
scarlet corolla and yellow crown very conspic
VIII. INCARNAT
Flowers pink or purplish: leaf-blades abruptly SPEME at
the base, short-petioled or nearly sessile.
Plant nearly glabrous: n pe narrow, lanceolate to
lance-elliptic or nearly
Plant softly and copiou sly ipsums leaf-blades rather
broad, broadly lanceolate to elliptic d ig acepte
Flowers white: leaf-blades tapering to a long pe
IX. QUADRIFOLIA
Slender plant with few leaves, the relatively an flowered
umbels with very slender pedicels.
. TOMENTOSAE
Hoods much exceeding the androecium the projecting tip
slightly recurved: horn at about the "middle e is hood.
Hoods about equalling the androecium, turgid, cate and
slightly fornicate; horn at the top of "the Ehe
Horn with the triangular or tri ansuiqE ie decal ate tip only
Horn w ith the subulate tip much exserted.
C YI. i depu.
VII. CURASSAVICAE.
VIII. -INCARNATAE.
"IX. QUADRIFOLIAE.
X. TOMENTOSA
XI. oo
XIL CINERE AE.
very slender.
1;
A.
decumbens.
. tuberosa.
Rolfsii.
lanceolata.
rubra.
laurifolia.
purpur d ne
. amplexicaulis.
. humistrata.
. exaltata.
. Syriaca.
. curassavica.
. incarnata.
. pulchra
; perennis.
. quadrifolia.
. obovata.
. aceratoides.
. tomentosa.
ASCLEPIADACEAE 1069
"XI. VERTICILLATAE
Hoods nearly equalling the a the much exserted
sle n horns converging over its top: column about
ong.
UD y ee redominantly opposite; blades flat. 20. A. linearis.
Upper leaves predominantly whorled in 3's to 6's; blades
revolute. 21. A. verticillata.
Hoods much exceeding the androecium, the horns not much
exserted, flattened : column scarcely 0.5 mm. long.
Umbels usually several in the upper leaf-axils : hoods
erect or nearly so. 2. A. viridula.
Umbels usually terminal and solitary: hoods somewhat
; 23. A. Michauzii.
ae CINEREA
Slender-stemmed plant with few pa of leaves and few- .
flowered umbels: corolla-lobes tardily reflexed. 24. A. cinerea.
. A. decumbens L. Stem decumbent or procumbent, 3-6 dm. long, hirsute
or hispid: leaf- B5 s mainly elliptic to lanceolate with more or less hastate
base, 3-19 em. delia cutish: corolla-lobes
j—7 mm. long: horn a ce above nee hood-
uricles, included o a near the base: fol-
licles mostly over 10 em. re es holds,
Ill
Y., probably also further north. Sun
Corolla orange or nearly so.
2. A. tuberosa L. Stem mostly erect or
ascending, 3-6 dm d mun leaf-blades
usually laneeolate, varying to pd Ud
elliptic to Ld lanceolate, 3—9 long,
acute: corolla-lo i. m. lon NA aris-
ing opposite MERC EE about 14
ineluded: follieles a less than m
ong pr eS iced EURISY s )
nes fields, various provinces, Fla. to
; Minn., Ont., and Me.—Sum.-fall E unn bright-orange or yellow.
ii Britton. Stem erect or ascending, 1-3 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf-
blades eris broadly or narrowly pandurate, 3-7 em. long, truncate or eordate
at the base: corolla-lobes elliptic, 6-7 mm. long: horn arising below oL hood-
auricles, very 2s about 1% included: follicles 9-14 em. ong.—Pi nds,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—Spr.-sum. or all year S.—Corolla A MA
PY lanceolata Walt. Stem 4—11 dm. tall, eae or nearly so: leaves few,
“distant; blades elongate- ee linear-lanceolat e, or narrowly ieee mostly
1-2.5 dm. long, tapering to the base: corolla- lobes elliptic, 8-0 mm. long, ea
hoods ovate, less than twice as long as the androecium m, orange-red, rounded at
the apex: horn narrowly lanceolate, much cee than the hood: follicles 7-10
em. long.—In acid swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. J.—Sum
A. aL. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, o e blades ovate, ovate-lanceo-
D Or ede lanceolate i em. lon olla- des pet red or rarely
purplish-green n, 7-8 lon ods NM abou g, orang
timged, about twi S igs as the androecium: horn “tender subulate, nearl
as long as the hood: follicles 9— . long.—Acid swamps and a rounds
e 11 em
Coastal Plain and rarely inland provinces, Fla. to Tex., W. Va.
. laurifolia Michx. Stem 8-11 dm. tall, od glabrous: leaf-blades
ceolate to linear-lanceolate, m 1-3 dm . lon rolla- lobes reddish- Sue.
—10.5 mm. long: hoods 44.5 m m. long, a pen exeeeding the androe-
1070 ASCLEPIADACEAE
cium, rounded at the apex; horn subulate, mueh shorter than the e ae
8 em. loi uj —Swamps and low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and
-su
7. A. purpurascens L. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, pubescent in lines or becoming
glabrous: leaf- blades mainly ovate or elliptic- -ovate, 9-20 em. long: corolla-
lobes purple, 8-10 mm. lon E hoods E 5-5 mm. long E ully twice as long as the
androecium, ovate at the entire apex; horn mueh shorter than the hood, with a
horizontal subulate tip: follieles 10-12 em. long.—(PURPLE-MILKWEED. )—Dry
grounds, various provinces , N. C. to Okla., Kans., Minn. and N. H.; reported
M from Miss.— Sum.
mple s J. E. Smith. Stem erect, 3-10 dm. tall, glaucous: leaf-
ae pocneniy EIU 6-12 em. long, sessile and clasping: eee s
greenish-red or gr reenish-purple, 7—9.5 mm. long: hoods about 4 m ong,
roon, exceeding the androecium, SI. several "bed at the trune i s xj
horn subulate, much exserted ; follicles 8-16 em. long. [A. 0 dc de Miehx.]
—īn dry or sandy soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., sH
. A. humistrata Walt. Stem prostrate, 3-9 dm. long, glaucous: leaf-blades
vertical, alike on both sides, ovate, ə 5-13 cm. long, glaucous, o veined:
corolla-lobes gray or greenish-purple, 6-7 mm. long: hoods about 3.5 mm. long,
white. much exceeding the androecium, broadly rounded; horn broa d an a flat
scarcely exserted: follicles 8-15 cm. long.—Pinelands, scrub and S adhille
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N . C.—Spr.-sum.
10. A. exaltata (L.) Muhl. Stem 9—15 dm. tall, sometimes ui auus in lines
above: leaf-blades ovate, aes elliptic or elliptie-lanceolate, 1-2.5 . long:
corolla-lobes greenish or greenish- oe urple, 7-10 mm. long: hoods 3541 mm. long,
white or flushed with pink, bod t equa ling the andro oecium, truncate, the broad
top irregularly lobed, the lateral lobes the longest - horn with a much exserted
subulate in acd x P E em. lo m xu parawEED) c Im thiek-
Me.
11. yriaca L. Stem 5-15 dm. tall, en Mun pa leaf- Geiss
elliptic or elliptic- -ovate, 9-25 em. long: a-lobes M ala rple, 6-8 m
long: hoods usually white, sometimes iine) 3—4 m ong, ELI. the
androecium, obtuse; horn ' subulate, shorter than the head anther-wings much
longer than wide; folli 7-9 em. long, echinate.—(COMMON-MILKWEED. )—
Fields and waste-places, various provinces, Ga. to Kans., Sask., and N. B.
curassavica L. Stem 3-19 dm. tall, x d AS pubescent
above: leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 5- 12 em. long or more, glabrous
early so: cor aes scarlet, 6-8 m m. long: colu mn 1-1.5 m m. long: hoods
ou 3.5—4 mm. long, yellow, exceeding EG androecium; hor out, incurved,
exceeding mel hood: follicles 6-10 cm. long.—In sandy soil, o Plain, W
Fla and La.
13. A. ata L. Stem 6-11 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades
mainly Ee Brie td laneeolate, or linear. lanceolate, ig em. long, glabrous
or nearly so: corolla- obes pink or rarely white, 4-6 m long: hoods ovate,
purplish-pink, 2.5-3 mm. long, som what exceeding the were E horn slen-
der, much longer t han the hood: follicles 7-9 em. long.—(SWAMP-MILEWEED. -
Swamps, various provinees, N. to La., N W Terr., Ont., and N. B. —Sum
4. pulchra Ehrh. Stem 5-15 dm. tall, closely pu ubescent: leaf-blades
ve laneeolate to elliptic, 6-12 em. long, pubescent: corolla-lobes nae
nk, abou
pink to purple or rarely white, 5-6 mm. long: hoods ovate, deep-pi
mm. long, slightly exceeding the androecium ; horn slender, much lo ger than
the hood: fo 8 ng.—In moist fields and swamps, various pro
inces, Ga. to Minn. and Me.—Sum.—fa
É
bove:
em. long, glabro arly so: umbels solitary or few in a terminal pad
the dads E oue "oro -lobes mainly white, 2.5-3.5 Mies, long: hoods
bout m. long, scarcely ee androeci ium: horn very ae eis
REN the hood: eolumn nearly 1 mm. long: follie les 5-9 em. long:
9-12 mm. long.—Moist woods and E. often in ples soil, Coastal Plain
and adj. provinces, Fla. Tex., Mo., and Ind.—Spr.-s
- A. quadrifolia Jacq. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, simple, sometimes puberulent
n lines: leaves opposite, or whorled in 3’s or 4s at one or more nodes; blades
ares -elliptie or dae te, 4-10 cm. long: umbels solitary or 2 or 8, the pedi-
whi
ASCLEPIADACEAE 1071
aH A. perennis Walt. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, often branched, Ue esi in lines
leaves opposite; d blades elliptic, elliptic -lanceolate, or lanceolate, 5-15
few
cels mo stly 1.5—2 . long: corolla- lobes pink or nearly te, 0-6 mm. long:
m post about twice as long as the androecium ; horn slender,
mueh shorter than the hood: folli 10—12 raa seeds 5-6 mm g.—
d: cle . lo
d soil, woods 23 thickets, various provinces, N. C. to N Ala., Ark., Minn.,
Ont., and Me —
obovata Ell. Stem 4-11 dm. en softly pubescent: leaf-blades s
o oval or eti ic, 3-10 em. long, e sely y pubes er umbels terminal and i
i upper leaf- axils, the Peers hairy vete di up to 1 em. long: Men MER
n yellow, 9— 10 m : hoo —6 mm. lo aim early twice as long as
e androecium; iod RE or je Merci about the middle of the
hood, Ea spreading: anthers about 2.5 mm. long: follicles 8-12 em.
long.—Dry grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C—Sum
18. A. aceratoides M. A. Curtis. Stem 3-5 dm. tall, tomentulose: leaf-blades
e to elliptie or dod ovate, 7—12 em. lo ong: umbels few-flo pala
lax: corolla-lobes greenish ames m. eed hoods runcate, abou
jon searcely equalling the androec ; horn very broad ee ae
follicles not seen Kandy pine nd Coastal Plain, S. Ko) and N. C.—Spr.
. A. tomentosa Ell. Stem UR 12 dm. tall, softly ib. leaf-blades mainly
elliptic to ovate, 5-8 . long: umbels. oe SF any-flowered, rather lax:
corolla-lobes greenish, 9-11 mm. long: hoods t 4 mm di truncate, about
equalling the androecium; horn bro ad, Bc and slightly ineurved: fol-
lieles 10-13 cm. long. —Dry sandy soil 'and high pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
and cuc i hoe
ris Scheele. Stem solitary or few together, 2-8 dm. tall, minutely
mbels
20. A. linea
pubescent in lines: leaf- n) narrowly elongate-linear, 4—12 em. long: u
g as
ong: fol s 7-9 em. long. [A. dud (Fl. SE. U. 8.) ]—In damp
TE phi VEL Plain, Ala. to ee can: —fal
A. verticillata L. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, commonly pubescent in lines: leaf-
ae very narrowly linear to linear-filiform, 2—6 em. long: umbels few to sev-
eral in the upper leaf-axils: corolla-lobes Pee ake —4 mm. long: hoods
abo , about equalling the a eclum or shorter; horn slender,
ut 1 mm. long, . ndro n
about twice as long as the hood: follicles 7-12 em. long.—In dry and sterile
soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Nebr., Sask., Ont., and Mass.—Spr—sum
or all id S.
. long, execeding the androecium; t, sane the hood; follicles
8-10 em. long.—Wet pinelands, Rossa col region, Fla.—Sum.—fall.
1072 ASCLEPIADACEAE
23. - Michauxii Decne. Stems usually de CE 1-13 dm. em
minutely pubescent: leaf-blades linear, often n rrowly so, 4—9 dm. long: umbe
many-fo owered, the pedicels 1—1.5 e m. long: os a greenish, elliptic, 5— 6
long: hoods 3-3.5 mm. ge pe the androecium; horn stoutish,
i than the ho od: column about 0.5 mm, pta follicles 8-14 cm. long.—
Pinelands and sandhills, QUEE Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S, C.—Spr.
24. A. cinerea Walt. Stem 3-5 dm. tall, sometimes slightly pubescent in lines:
leaf-blades ene linear or filiform , 3-9 c m. long: um mbels usually paired at
the top of the stem and additional ones Ein in the upper axils, m S IU
mostly 1.5-2 em. long: corolla-lobes purplish, 5-7 mm. long: hoods about 3
j pi androeci
mm. high, mueh shorter than ndroecium, each with 2 lateral acute lobes
which a the broad horn: anthers about 2 mm. long: follicles 8-10 1
long.—Rather dry pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and 8. C.—Spr.-sum.
7. BIVENTRARIA Small. Erect herbs with broad leaf-blades. Umbels
solitary or paired, or sometimes 3 or 4 at the top of the stem. Calyx-lobes 5.
zontally. Anther-wings curved upward from
the base and salient just below the middle.
Follicles fusiform. Seed with a coma.—One
ecies.
1. t variegata (L.) Small. Stem 3-9 dm
tall, glaucous, sometimes pubescent above:
i blades typica ny o oval, varying to ovate
or obovate, 6-14 lo ong: corolla-lobes
white 6-8 mm. long: S a 3 mm.
long, inflated, at the broadly rounded apex, mueh exceeding the M m
n very broad, protruding horizontally : follicles 8-14 cm. long. [ Ascle clepias
variegata L.]—Dry shaded grounds, in rather acid soil, various provinces, Fla.
Tex., Ill, and Conn.—Spr.-sum
8. OXYPTERYX Greene. Erect herbs with the habit of Acerates, the leaf-
blades broad. Umbels mostly lateral. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla rotate: lobes re-
ne protruding from the slit ion
s of the hood and curved upward
near FA apex. Anther wings delto id, pro-
truding between the hood-claws. Follieles
erect, fusiform. Seed with a coma.—One
species.
1. O. Curtissii (A. Gray) Small. dn ied
cumbent or onda , 5-7 dm. long, minutely
pubescent, sometimes widely br TEM leaf-blades Nue elliptic to oval,
varying to broadest above the middle or below it, 3-5 cm. long, glabrous or
ASCLEPIADACEAE 1073
arly so: umbels many-flowered, e ted edo sparingly pubese cent:
corolla- lobes _greenish-white, lanceolat 5.5-6 m ong: hood eps ate, 4—4.5
. long, fully twice as long as the m anthers about 1.5 mm. long:
follie les 8-11 cm. lon ng. [Asclepias Curtissii A. Gra E MN Nash A.
arenicola Nash ]—Sandhills and ts pen. Fla. ns
9. ANANTHERIX Nutt. Upright herbs, with relatively narrow leaf-
blades. Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla rotate: lobes reflexed. Hoods relatively long,
the bns converging high over the stigm ol-
^n ie dd than oa caudicles. ice fusi-
—One spec
1. A. connivens (Baldw.) Feay. Plant ig. pa
tall: leaf-blades elliptic to lanceolate, 3-8
long, fleshy: peduncles a r than the Poen.
umbels 2-6. borne along the naked or nearly
naked upper il of the o Ca greenish ;
lobes 9-10.5 mm. long: hoods white, incurved,
8
m. es Baer: 3.0 mm. long; ‘follicles 8-9
ong.—Moist pinelands and ae Coastal
Plain. Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Sum e per
pendieular root is nice: -seated in wet we
10. ASCLEPIODORA A. Gray. Spreading herbs with alternate leaves.
Calyx-lobes 4. Corolla rotate: lobes spreading.
Hoods involute and hooded at the apex, with an
internal ridge above the middle. Anthers equal-
ling the gynostegium: wings rounded at the
base.—About 6 species, North American.
1. A. viridis (Walt.) A. Gray. Stem 2-6 dm
ong, $ stout: leaf-blades a to lanceolate, 6-
10 long, rather thin: ealyx-lobes about 4
mm. tr iliolate: corolla-lobes greenish, 10—11
long: hoods about 4.5 mm. long, purplish
Or E. anther- bcn 2.0 mm. long: follieles e
6-11 em. long.—Pinelands, open woods and fields, various provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Kans., Tenn., and S. T —Spr.-
li. A ODELLA Small. a herbs, with opposite leaves. Calyx-
lobes 5. Corolla rotate: lobes spreading. Hoods
ncave, open at the apex, ridged within mainly
bie he middle. Anthers curving over the to
of the gyn ht ga Wings sagittate at the
base.—One specie
1. A. Feayi (Chapm.) Small. Stem 2-4 a
tall, sender leaf- ores ee filiform, 3-10 e
lon alyx-lobes 1 . long: corolla- jos
: : EU Siu Mr Feayi Chapm. ]
—Pinelands, —Spr.-fall—tThis small milk-
weed is Sees pn l, -F occurs as scattered plants in the open pinewoods.
The slender Mm and very slender leaves are out of proportion to the rather
large pale flos
68
1074 | ASCLEPIADACEAE
12. GONOLOBUS Michx. Vines, with broad leaf-blades. Calyx-lobes
longer than the corolla-tube. Corolla campanulate: lobes spreading or reflexed
base of
en
salient at the base. Stigma with an ele-
vated lobed top. Follieles wing-angled.—
Three species, North American.
an pP dde Miehx. Leaf-blades ovate, Ta
nEs f umin n at the apex, eordate
X-
bes ra m
B IUD about mm. long, the
Ende appenda ges quite as long as the
body: o = barely 1 mm. long: fol-
licles 9-10 ong. [Enslenia re Nutt. eee and river- -banks,
various I UN Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Pa.
13. AMPHISTELMA Griseb. Slender vines, with narrow leaf-blades.
Calyx-lobes longer than the corolla-tube. orci rotate-campanulate: lobes
glabrous within. Crown adnate to the column,
sessile on the base of the corolla, cup-like:
lobes very broad, ae by the androe-
eium. Stigma flat.—About 25 species, trop-
ical American.
1. A. scoparia (Nutt.) Small. Diffuse vine:
leaf-blades narrowly linear, 2—5 cm. long:
ealyx-lobes about 1 mm. long, deltoid, Co-
1 m
leafy when young, RE as it develops and
makes myriad brane the leaves fall off or fail to develop. The uit iste
growth is sometimes pu apne to smother a host.
14. LYONIA Ell. Slender vines, with narrow leaf-blades. Calyx-lobes
longer than the corolla-tube. Corolla rotate-campanulate: lobes spreading at the
tip, eee within. Crown adnate to the : E
short column: lobes naked at the apex, longer
than i androecium. Stigma conie.—One
species.
m id aap SU haee Leaf-blades
lin 2—7 ong, e, pendent: calyx-
a aa. abo P ds mm. long: corolla-
lobes purplish or greenish-white, 3-4 mm
5 em. long.
[Seutera maritima Dec S. palustris Vail]
—Hammocks and salt on d imd n Plain,
Fla. to Tex. and N. C—(W. I.)—Spr. —fall.
ASCLEPIADACEAE 1075.
15. METASTELMA R. Br. Slender vines, with narrow leaf-blader Calyx-
lobes longer than the corolla-tube. Corolla rotate- ME e: lobes pubes-
cent within. Crown adnate to the base of -
the "— be: slender, curved over
th iers. Stigma flat——About 25 spe- = zz
cies, mostly tropical American.
1. M. Blodgettii A. Gray. Leaf-blades iri
or linear-lanceolate, 8-27 mm. long: calyx-
lobes broadly ovate about 1 mm. pend
Or i ; lobes
.5 mm. long,
penieillate-bearded D crown-lobes
l
subulate: follicles 4-5 em. long.—Ham-
mocks and sand-dunes, : Pa and S Tex.—
Spr.—fall.—As in the c of Ampl dis
this plant often makes ped growth o
bushes, but it generally holds its leaves.
16. EPICION Small. Slender vines, with relatively broad leaf-blades.
Calyx-lobes shorter than the corolla-tube. Corolla eampanulate: lobes pubes-
cent within. Crown adnate to the top of
the elongate column: lobes nartow. Stigma
flat or depressed.—Three or four species,
tropieal American.
E. Northropiae (Schlecht.) Small. Leaf-
: 0-9 m
es E the tube, i crown- obe
long: follicles 5—6.5 em. long.
[Metastima Northropiae Schlecht. D
mocks and pinelands, 2 hos na
and Florida Keys.—(W. I.)— yea
E. bahamense, formerly Seu p Flor-
ida, is confin ed t the Bahamas and C It has smaller e than £E.
Northropiae, with. a short corolla-tube and a | very short gynostegiu
CYCLODON Small Stout twining vines. Leaf-blades broad, with
an open basal S mes few-flowered, short-peduneled. Calyx-lobes 5,
orollà ro-
tate, glabrous within: lobes pua wide.
Crown an irregularly 5-lobed disk, the lobes
erose. Column distinct, with E horn-like
appendages free or adnate at its base. Fol-
lieles armed.—Several species, mainly tropi-
alabamense (Vail) e Stem
hort- I I: blades ovate ellip-
Dcos ate, 6—15 cm. long, the basal lobes not
overlapping: cal yx- -lobes ovate, hirsute, the
basal glands in pairs: corolla mainly green-
ish-yellow; be elliptic, 6-7 mm. long,
1076 ASCLEPIADACEAE
pubescent without, reticulate: decis. pion fusiform, about m. long,
ered with fleshy spines: seeds nearly l c ong. ds Po D
Vail]—Hillsides and thickets, Coastal Plain, Ala.—Sum.—fall.
18. VINCETOXICUM Walt) Stout twining, usually pubescent vines.
Leaves with broad cordate blades. Cymes usually peduncled. Caiyx-lobes 5,
usually glabrous, longer than the corolla-tube. Corolla rotate, glabrous or
puberulent within: lobes relatively narrow. Crown a fleshy disk at the base
of the gynostegium, 5-lobed, with an obscure rib dividing a lobe, thus mak-
it appear 10-lobed. Follicles unarmed, wing-ridged toward the apex,
glabrous.—Several species, mainly North American.—ANGLE-PODS. —Spr.-sum,
Corolla-lobes glabrous within, more than twice as long as the
calvx-lobes . V. gonocarpos.
Corn loben "pubescent within, twice as long as the calyx-lobes
or les 2. V. suberosum.
V. gonocarpos ls Pd indi: broadly ovate to ovate-elliptic, 7-18 ec
long, the basal sinus som road or with the lobes ee petiole
pubescent: xci 10s peso conic: ealyx-
lobes glabrous, n ciliate near the tip,
2—4 mm. long: e zla greenish: lobes gla-
brous, lance- linen 9—14 . long: follicles (
smooth, 8-10 e . lon ng. dC ond Dus macro-
phytlus Mr i -banks and thickets,
rious provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mo., and Ky.
V. suberosum (L.) Britton. Leaf-blades
broadly conie: calyx-lobes 3-4.5 mm.
corolla brown-pur urple or d with a
dark center; 1o pubeseent within, Pru
2 6-9 mm. long: follieles i20. 10-
long. Teens suberosus R. Br. 1 mhickets and river-banks, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La. and Va
Metalepis cubensis (A. Rich.) pee of Cuba, a vine pes ovate to hastate
leaf-blades, a single erown in the flower and ovoid, oval, obovoid melon-like
fruits 1-2 dm. long, has been ee in Brickell Hammock, Miami, Fla.
19. ODONTOSTEPHANA Alexander. Stout twining vines resembling
Vincetoxicwm, the stems usually pubescent. Leaves with broad, usually large,
cordate blades. Cymes dense, cid Calyx- P 5, Puo longer than
the corolla-tube. Corolla rotate, pubescent witho lobes relai;vely narrow
Crown cup-shaped, usually appearing 10-lobed, " [de lobes uud. Eee
and toothed with the shorter lobes usually ineurved, toothed or entire, and also
erested or appendaged on the inside, the appendage as broad as the lobe. Fol-
licles armed with fleshy spines. [Vincetoxicum Walt. in part.]—Several species,
American—SPINY-PODS.—Sum. or spr
Crown appearing 10-lobed, each lobe entire or 2-toothed.
Coro ce purple, brownish or reddish ; crown thick- T the lower lobes entire.
aa trae aa d crown promin nently 2-toothed, markedly longer than
the
OE UNDE usually 10-15 mm. long, lance-linear: buds ellipsoid-ovoid to
1. O. decipiens.
1 TM S by Edward Johnston Alexander.
ASCLEPIADACEAE 1077
Mid lobes usually 7—10 mm. long, narrowly ellip-
buds short-ovoid.
Narrower lobes of the crown truncate or emarginate, not
arkedly longer than the broader lobes.
2. O. carolinensis.
Cro E m undulate- lobed, the crest double. 3. O. obliqua.
Crown crenate-lobed, the crest if present, a narrow
fold or ridge . O. Short.
auc od or sellowii? crown-thin, the lower lobes
Lower lobes only cleft to above the middle, the teeth of
the slender e. far UE them 5. O. Baldwiniana,
Lower lobes cleft well below the middle, 'surpassed by the
roader bluntly toothed: lobes. 6. O. flavidula.
Crown appearing 5-lobed, each lobe 4-toothed. T. O. floridana.
decipiens Alexander. Leaf-blades ovate, 7-12 cm. long, the sinus aed
1. O.
row or closed: flower-buds ellipsoid- n or conic: cl -obes about 3 m
long: corolla brown-purple; lobes
linear, 10-15 mm. long: crown p
id s
ally adj. provi nces, sg C. to Okl , Mo., and
hi
Md.— The riability of th
and the following species is most confusing,
but the larger flowers and nar ide T
lobes of this species easily separate it.
2. O. carolinensis e: ) oe Er
Raid ovate, 5-11 e open
sed: flower Dude. m. ovoid: calyx-
B. Bon 3 mm. long: corolla reddish or
rarely pale; lobes eens elliptic, 7-10 mm. long: crown with the longer
lobes usually 2- bu thed, the broader dc es entire, crested or ad ue ia within:
follicles 9-11 em. long. [Cynanchum uid nense Jacq. dern carolinen-
Sis R. Br. a. Mirsutus Miehx V. hirsutum Britton V. Jorida um. Vail. |—
Woods and thickets, various provi nces, Fla. to Mis an nd Md.
crown of this and the e preceding species is d variable, from fleshy
thin, and with the crest of the shorter lobes, from a mer ridge to a oe like
appendage, sometimes with a fringe- like appendage on ie outside as v
3. O. obliqua (Jaeq.) Alexander. Leaf-blades broadly ovate to —
ovate, 7-20 em. ae “the basal lobes mostly forming a closed sinus by the over-
lapping rid Nec du, abo mni long: corolla dep da du P lobes
lance-linea X UR erown with the longer lobes tru argi-
ad folds cay eeds about 7 mm. long. [Gonolobus arte R.
. lon
neetoxicu m obliquum "Bu — Woods, thickets, and river-banks, in
rich soil, various provinces, N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ohio, Pa., and N. C
4, O. li (A. Gray) e Leaf- ia broadly iu 2 em. long,
the AE ph often forming a ruw sinus: calyx-lo Ea about 4 . long:
corolla p purple; piis lance- linear, 111 mm. g: crown qs EE
longer lobes or emarginate: follicles 8—10 c Ks ng: seeds about
mm. 1l (em Shortii A. Gray occ Shortii Britton] one
woods, Appalachian provinces, Ky. and Pa.—The flowers are said to
have the scent of Calycanthus flowers.
59. O. Baldwiniana (Sweet) Alexander. Leaf-blades pce ovate, 6-14 e
long, deeply and Pli obliquely eordate at the base, the sinus open or the
ds 2 of the s Jeaves overlapping: flo ERU long-conie: seers
long: white or yellowish: lobes thin, erect or barely
es mm.
ay ea ding: oblong-linea i A crown very thin, with the longer
$ l mm. long:
lobes divided into two very Eum linear teeth fully double "the length of the
1078 ASCLEPIADACEAE
rather o o toothed broader lobes: follicles about 8 em. long:
seeds abou Gonolobus Baldwinianus Sw. arde Bald-
winianwm Eno on. thickets and open woods, various provinces, Ga. to Okla.
and M sum
6. O. flavidula (Chapm m.) ponds Leaf-blades broadly ovate 9-16 em.
long, the basal lobes rarely overlapping: flower-buds ovoid: calyx- lobes eee
= oe long: corolla green nich. yellow; lobes elliptic, 10— Eu mm. long:
h the longer lobes i del toothed: follicles 14— 17e 1. long. [Gonolobus
mauus Ch hapm micum flavidulum Heller] —Rich soil, mostly in
woods, Coastal Plain, a. p n C.
7. O. floridana (Vail) Alexander. Leaf-blades ovate-cordate, 2-5 em. LIE
sinus open and somewhat oblique: calyx-lobes about 2 mm. long: flo UM
conie: eorolla purplish or greenish- m about 5 mm. long, the lobes spread:
ing, linear-lanceolate: crown with five broad lobes, dh bidentate
lous-thickened apex and with a P r tooth on ea ach side at about the miade:
follicles not seen. [Vincetoxicum dor danimi Vail].—Sandy soil, E Fla.
EDISONIA Small. Slender prostrate vine-like herbs. Leaf-blades
es bui small. Cymes sessile. Calyx-lobes 5, about as long as the corolla-
tube. Corolla ud MA lobes villous within,
short. Crown 5-lobed, each lobe with an appen-
sinus folded as if to form another lobe. Column
sunken in a cavity beneath the converging crown-
lobes.—One species.
E. pubiflora (Decne.) ue "o e
broadly cordate or reniform, 2—4 cm. long,
open: — buds sail or obovoid: e
pee 2—-2.5 long: corolla dull-purple; lobes
about 2 mm. m erown with 10 rounded undu-
us eaeh alternate one with RU P Pos
horn: follicle A a m 4—5
anes pubiflora ne. Gonolo bs ub Ao us Engelm. Vincetoxricum
pubiflorum T and scrub, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.—sum.
OrpER POLEMONIALES-—PoLEMONIAL ORDER
Herbs, sometimes parasitie, shrubs or trees. Flowers mainly per-
fect. Calyx of partialy united sepals. Corolla, regular or irregular.
ndroecium of as many stamens as there are corolla-lobes, or fewer.
Gynoeeium 2-several carpellary. Ovary superior. Fruit a capsule, a
berry or a drupe, or a group of nutlets or utricle-like. ^
Stamens 5, usually equal: corolla regular or nearly so.
Gynoecium of 2 e carpels. Fam. 1. DICHONDRACEAE.
Gynoecium of 2 or e par artially or wholly united
carpels.
Fruit capsular or ' bac cate: 2 not 4-lobed. '
P n Mam distin
Ovary 1-2-celled, or 4- celled : stigmas 2.
Fs 4-celled.
a within:
plants with normal leaves, at
least if vines. Fam. 2. CONVOLVULACEAE.
Corolla appendaged within: para-
sitie vines: leaves scale-like. Fam. 3. CUSCUTACEAE
Y
DICHONDRACEAE 1079
Ovary 1-celled oor in Nama). Fam. 4. HYDROLEACEAE.
Ovary 3-celled : stigm
Calyx-lobes imbrieated : corolla mostly
. plaited in th : Fam. 2. CONVOLVULACEAE.
Calyx-lobes valcate- corolla angrely
convolute in the bud. Fam. 5. POLEMONIACEAE.
Styles or stigmas wholly united. Fam. 6. SOLANACEAE
Fruit drupaceous, or of 2 or 4 nutlets.
Style or stigmas without a glandular ring.
Fruit a group of 2 or 4 nutlets: style
arising from between the lobes of th
ovary. Fam. 7. BORAGINACEAE.
Fruit drupacecus: style terminating the
lobeless ovary. Fam. 8. ÉHRETIACEAE.
le or stigmas with a glandular rin Fam. 9. HELIOTROPIACEAE.
St
STAMEN 4 and didynamous, or 1 or 2: corolla Tauaily
Due and bilabiate.
ripening in d be group of 4 nutlets, an
ene or a dru
Style ap apical e eg lobeless ovary.
Fr uit dry or drupaceous, with 2 or 4 nut-
Fam. 10. VERBENACEAE.
n uit fleshy-capsular, with a solitary seed. Fam.11. AVICENNIACBAE,
Ovary 1-celled. Fam. 12. PHRYMACEAE.
Style arising between the i OER of the ovary. Fam.13. LAMIACEAE.
Carpels ripening into 2 DE
lacentae of the ovary ax
Ovary 2-celled, or Due 3—5-celled.
Corolla-lobes imbricated : capsule not
elastically dehiscent. Fam. 14. RHINANTHACEAE.
Corolla-lobes convolute: capsules elasti-
oe oe ent. Fam. 15. ACANTHACEAE,
ary 1-celled. Fam. 16. PINGUICULACEAE.
Ova
Placentae of Ge ovary parietal.
Herbs parasitic on the roots of other plants:
leaves scale-like: foliage not green. Fam, 17. OROBANCHACEAE.
Trees, Se or woody vines, or herbs, but
parasitic: leaves not scale- like:
foliage green
m E capsule a E n Shrubs
H Fam. 18. BIGNONIACEAE.
SAT and a 1. celled | on “spuriously
2- or 4-celled : herbs, seeds wingless.
Anther-sacs parallel: fruit a
nar, crestless dry capsule. Fam.19. PEDALIACEAE.
Anther-sacs divergent: fruit a ven-
tricose, fleshy coated capsule. Fam. 20. MARTYNIACEAE.
Famity 1. DICHONDRACEAE — DicHonpra FAMILY
or perennial creeping herbs. Leaves alternate: blades broad,
ntire, long-peti rs axillary, solitary. Calyx of 5 slightly
united als. Corolla rotate to ¢ nulate, 5-lobed. Androecium of 5
stamens shorter than the corolla. Gynoecium of 2 distinct carpels. Styles
basal. Capsules utricle- a 2 together.—Only the pir genus and
5 species, widely distribut :
1. A A Stems much -branched,
often densely matted.. Flowers erect, greenish white.
1. D. carolinensis Michx. Plan inconspicuously ^
pubescent: leaf-blades reniform to subo rbic , 5—20
wide, deeply dos calyx-lobes mm. "long
corolla- iig oe [D. repens Ries Fl.) ]—
Ham pine em roadsides, low grounds,
ites grassy p Coastal Plain, and au provinees,
. to Tex, Ark., and bua (Or I.)—This plant
has tw wo roles in suh latitudes itm may be a persistent weed in eT or 3t
may be a lawn Sun itself, rbd where other lawn plants refuse to gro
£5
5
Qu
1080 DIC ACEAE
Famiy 9. CONVOLVULACEAE — Morninc-Guory FAMILY
or perennial herbs, or vines, or rarely shrubs or tree
Annual Leaves
irae: without stipules: ‘blades various. Flowers perfect, pae soli-
tary or eymose. Calyx of 5, more or less united sepals, in one or two
series. Corolla convolute in aestivation, - s lobed or entire. Androe-
lobes. Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. oe ee celled (rarely 5-celled,
or l-eelled by the loss of the septum). Seeds 1 or 2 in each cavity, often
pubescent.—Forty-five genera and 1,000 species, ree aoe
Styles distinct or partly s I. EvoLvULEAE.
Styles united up to the B mas. II. CONVOLVULEAE.
I. Evo
Styles nearly distinct or partially united, puc stigmas 2.
Sepals leathery, 2 cm. long or longer: stems stout.
1. BONAMIA.
Sepals herbaceous, 1 cm. iene or less: stems slender. 2. STYLISMA.
Styles distinct, each 2-cleft : stigmas 4. 3. EVOLVULUS.
` II. CONVOLVULEAE
Capsules dehiscent and valvular.
Sti ovoid or subglobose.
zalyx urn-shaped: stamens spirally twisted: corolla
broadly campanulate- de 4. OPERCULINA.
Calyx campanulate: stamens S aizht.
Stamens and style included: estar funnelform.
Sepals her ea elongate, usually pilose: ovary
usually 3-ce 5. PHARBITIS.
pied co Eien or membranous, not elongate:
y 2- or 4-celled. 6. IPOMOEA.
N and style exserted: corolla usually salver-
Cor ‘olla large, showy, 10—20 cm. long, white. T. CALONXCTION
Corolla sm aller, 3—6 em. long or less, rarely white.
JIerbaceous vines: ceeds smooth. 8. QUAMOCLIT.
oody vines: seeds lee . EXOGONIUM.
Stigmas PE RE flattened or linea
Em s flatten
eS densely capitate. 10. THYEL
iifigve cence solitary or a 11. JACQUEMONTIA,
Stigmas E or oDIGHE: -cylindri
Calyx enclosed in 2 broad Dict: which subtend it:
cenas long-cylindric or broadly ellipsoid. 12. CONVOLVULUS.
Calyx naked, as bracts at Ene Boso stigmas
iform or nea 13. STROPHOCAULOS.
Capsules or fruit indehiseent, "ds or berry-like.
DE urbinate, 1- P x ed and usually 1-seeded by abor-
foliag re glabrat 14. TURBINA.
Toit ps y-like: leaf- blades silvery beneath. 15. ARGYREIA.
1. BONAMIA Thouars. Spreading, herbaceous or woody vines. . Leaf-
blades rarely iud. usually entire. Corolla funnelform, blue or white, hirsute
without. Filaments glandular-villous at th
bas Ovary Es celled, 4-ovuled. apsule
DURS CdE CORE: 4-valved. Seeds smooth or pu-
bescent. [Breweria R. Br.]—Four species,
2 in North Ameriea.
1. B. grandiflora (A. Gray) Heller. Stem
5-30 dm Er E bi leathery, broadly
oval or ovate, 2.5 long, rounded at the
base; p 1 g: peduncles 1-
flowered: corolla blue, 7—10 E : B ong
sul oval, abou g.
on
[Breweria grandifiora - Gray] -Sandy soil,
scrub pen. Fla
CONVOLVULACEAE _ 1081
2. STYLISMA Raf. Herbaceous aie often prostrate. Leaf-blades
narrow or broad, not cordate. Flowers 1-3 axillary peduncles. Sepals
equal or nearly a pointed. Corolla ds or colored, rotate or subfunnelform.
Capsule thin-wal [Breweria (Chapm. Fl.) (Fl. SE. U. S.) ]—Seven species,
all.
in the Martin United States and Taur dc ie
Sepals glabrous or merely ciliate, elliptie, acute.
Leaf- ET elliptic. 1. S. humistrata.
Le lades narrowly linear. 2. S. angustifolia.
SEPAN distinctly pubescent.
ments densely pubescent.
"oli iage sparingly villous: eens peduncles 1-3 em.
long: corolla 1.5 cm. 3. S. trichosanthes.
ng.
ape densely brown- a oa: peduncles 4-6 cm.
long: corolla 2 em. lon 4. S. villosa.
Filaments glabrous or a age
Bracts shorter than the Aonais: leaf-blades elliptic to
narrowly lanceolate. 5. S. aquatica.
Bracts exceeding the flowers: leaf-blades linear. 6. S. Pickeringii.
1. S. humistrata (Walt. Chapm. Stem and ipe o leaf- =
elliptic and subcordate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2 ong, mucronate, spar
ly pu iva T. 2-10 mm. long:
gy S
idee
cles 1- -"
long: corolla un 15- mm. long:
united at the base for about one-third pn
length. '[B. humistrata A. Gray]—Pine-
lands, and dry Ed Coastal Plain, Fla. to
La. , Ar k., and Va.
S. angustifolia (Nash) House. Stem
and branches trailing, y cage TA p nt;
ieee blades 2.5-7 em. long, pu ent or
glabrate, acute; a M 1-2 long:
d neles p —flowered: ed ciliate, ic
long: oris "white, . long:
distinct, herd to the b Hs B. 22 1.
Na sh]—-High pinelands, pen. Fla.
3. S. trichosanthes (Miehx.) House. Stem and branches decumbent; pubes
cent; leaf-blades elliptie or ive druide 2.5-7 em. long, apiculate, often
somewhat viscid; petioles 1-3 mm. long: sepals das dpud ' glabrate, elliptie
or nearly so, mm. long, bearded at the apex: corolla white, pubescent
without, about 1 12 mm. broad. '[B. trichosanthes Small eee de Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.
4 villosa (Nash) House. Stem .nd aros trailing, villous- pecie nt;
- Du gears or aed -ovate, : 5—7 em. long, obtuse, apiculate, unded
e base; petioles . lon sepals ‘ovate-lanceolate, 8-10 m mm. ong,
; a Silou us: corolla rd , 15-20 m. long: eapsule 4—5 mm. in diameter,
nearly as long as the calyx. LB. villosa "N ash ]—Dry sandy soil, pen. Fla.
5, des Ds ) Chapm. Stem and branches trailing, Pos B
ees blades 2.5—3 long, obtuse: peduneles a mes ves, 1-3-
usn m FIN anceolate, acute, 4—6 long: mode ee purple,
10-1 long: eapsule 6—8 mm. in diameter. TB. aqu udo Gray |—
hod and shallow ponds, Coastal Plain, and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., ES -
and $ V
6. S. Pickeringii (M. A. Curtis) A. Gray. Stem and branches prostrate or
trailing. minutely pube escent: leaf-bla des aeute - both ends, subsessile, 2—7
em. long: peduneles rarely longer than the leaves: sepals ovate, obtuse,
mm. long, villous: corolla white, about 10 mm. ne capsule ovate- todo dub
1082 CONVOLVULACEAE
exceeding the calyx. [B. Pickeringii A. Gray]—Pinelands, in acid soil,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ia., and N. J.
3. EVOLVULUS L. Erect or diffuse herbs or partially woody plants.
Leaf-blades entire. Flowers solitary and axillary or in terminal racemes Or
panieles. Calyx small: lobes nearly equal. Corolla white, pink, or blue, rotate
or rotate-fu b ne limb 5-angled or 5-lobed. Capsule subglobose, 2—4-
valved.—About 85 species, in warm and tropical regions.
Peduncles as long as the leaves or longer
Leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so at maturity. 1. E. glaber
Leaf-blades copiously pubescent. 2. E. Lisinotdes:
Peduncles wanting or very seg Dedicets Shorter than the leaves.
Plant more or less pubescent.
Leaf-blades an Dore 3. E. sericeus.
Leaf-blades oun AT on both sides. 4. E. Wrightii.
Plant glabrous 5. E. macilentus.
1. E. glaber Spreng. Stem and branches diffuse, prostrate, sometimes bend
me silky: iind blades an oval, or obovate, mostly 1-1. 5 em. aa mucro
glabro at calyx-lo obes d
oblong, "oblong: ao Ur es ovate,
qng, acute or r sli ghtly acuminate: Y
sorolla ‘blue e, pink, or white, about 1 D ES
Ps ad: capsule ovoid, 2.5-3.5 mm. in diam-{ z
[E. m mucronatus (Chapm. Fl., Fl. SE.
U. S. )]—Hammoeks and n sandy places,
lower Florida Keys.—(W. I., S. A.)
E. als palate = Stem and branches
diffuse or prostrate, 1-6 dm. long, slender
leaf-blades rn pm to oblong- lanceolate,
-2 m
lo cute h, p -
nently pubescent: calyx-lobes lanceolate, 2.5—
5 , acute: corolla blue or pen
8-1 oad: eapsu s n in dia
eter. LE. pose teus (Ch Pl.) | Hammocks, lower Florida Keys; also
coast of Ala., perhaps introduced. — (W I.)
3. E. sericeus Sw. Plants silky, the branches E or decumbent, 1-3-
dm. long: ue -blades linear to oblong, 1-2.5 e es ong, aeute at both ends:
ealyx-lobes 4 F mm. long, acute or acu ium: orola white or blue, 8—10
mm. wide.—Low grounds d wet woods, various priino Fla. to Tex., Ariz.,
and Ga.— (W. T. Mez., C. A., S. A.)
4. E. Wrightii House. Stem and branches tufted, mostly less than 1 dm.
long, villous-hirsute with en hairs: leaf-blades suborbicular to ovate, 3-8
ong, acute or abruptly ay calyx- linear-lanceolate, 4-5 mm.
lon ng, acuminate: corolla blue or b 9 mm. broad.—Pin elands and open
sandy places, lower Florida Keys Mr
. E. maci ilentus Small. Stem and branches wiry- i glabrous, rap
leaf-blades lin to linear-subulate, rum 2 em. long, nate, glabrous:
calyx-lobes epum ap dA 4—5 mm. long, acuminate: "corolla pale- n or
white, nearly 1 em. broad: put. subglobose, 3-4 mm. in diameter.—Pine-
lands, lower Florida Keys.
4. OPERCULINA S. Manso. Twining vines. ‘Leaf-blades entire, pal,
mately lobed, or divided. Calyx large, pear-shaped, eonstrieted above in'
flower: lobes closely imbricate, membranaceous or ehartaceous. Corolla cam-
io
^
CONVOLVULACEAE 1083
panulate. Capsule globose, large, often operculate or irregularly et
sometimes valvate.—About 10 species, natives of tropical America and t
East Indies.
Corolla yellow : sepals becoming 4-5 cm. long. 1. O. tuberosa,
Corolla white, purple throat: sepals Become 1. 5-2 € em. long. 2. O. dissecta
1. O. tuberosa (L.) Meisn. Leaf- o 5—1-lobed; pu e Janeeolate,
acuminate, 4—6 em. long: corolla 3.5-4 . long; lim nb 5 vide: cap
3—4 cm. in diameter rs 0 x 15 nu.
er velv m (YELLOW MORNING-GLORY.) -
Pin d E and waste-plaees, Coas- 1
tal Pal , Fla. a. and Tex. o of the Trop-
ics, and "eultivated.—(W. I .)
. O. dissecta (Jaeq.) House. Leaf-blades
5-7-parted; segments oval to oblong or
lanceolate, 3-10 em e eoarsely toothed:
olla 2-3 em. long; mb 3-5 em. broa
eapsule about 1.5 d diameter: Boedo
glabrous. [Ipomoea deaa Jacq. I. sinuata
Ort. o E tal Plain, Fla. to
Tex., and Ga.—(W. I.)
5. PHARBITIS Choisy. Annual
(ours), or perennial, climbing or trailing vines. Leaf- a entire, lobed,
angled. Calyx-lobes equal or unequal, herbaceous, each with a pubescent ee
and a narrow tip. Corolla white, blue, pink, or purple, ee Ovary
3—5-eelled. Seeds smooth.—About 200 species, widely distributed cm fall.
—MORNING-GLORIE
Calyx bristly pubescent, especially near the base. |
Tips of sepals merely acute or acuminate. 1. P. purpurea.
Tips of sepals conspicuously elongate.
Leaf- Mai e Urea ea silky-pubescent and ciliate,
2. P. barbigera.
ofte
Leaf- blades ni esuitespabescent, lobed or angled.
Bases of sepals E pom lobes of blades
contracted below: coroll . 8. P. hederacea.
Sepals Ree ee not conspicuously broadened at
lades 3-lobed but the lobes rarely con-
Bd below: corolla 4-6 cm. 4. P. Nil.
tly. 5. P. cathartica.
Calyx PE or nearly so, not brist
d. B. E pi (L.) Voigt. Stem twining: leaf-blades ovate to orbicular-
ovate, 6—18 em. long, short- acuminate, cordate: calyx-lobes, 10—15 mm. long:
corolla 5-7 long; purple or some- _
times pink, blue, white, or variegated, 4
cm. broad.—(COMMON ML )—
Waste-places, various provinces, to
Tex., Nebr., Ont., and N. S. Nat. of. trop.
Am., and cult. 14
- P. barbigera (Sims) G. Don m
wining, several m. long: leaf- blades o rbicu-
pigs ate, 5-12 em. long: peduncles shorter
than the ME sepals 1.5-3 cm. long:
corolla 3- z ae . long; limb purple or partly
so, 3—4 "hoa Mor dn. )—
Thickets an Ed eult. Ed Coastal Plain
and adj. provinees, Fla. to La. and Ga.
1084 CONVOLVULACEAE
P. hederacea (L.) Choisy. Stem twining: leaf-blades 5—12 em. long, deeply
3 lobed ; lobes acuminate: peduncles usually shorter than the ns calyx-
dee
lobes 2 “3 em. long, the bases en or oval: corolla 2.5-4 em. long, deep-blue,
or the tube white; limb abou . broad.—W aste- ps i cult. grounds,
various provinces, Fla. to Tox. So Dak., and Me.—(W. I., Mex.,)—Nat. of
trop. Àm., and eult.
4. P. Nil (L.) Choisy. Stem hispid or hirsute: leaf-blades broadly ovate
to aac in outline, 6-16 em. long, 3-a mari ed or 3-lobed, the lobes acute:
sepal long: corolla- limb deep-blue, 4—6 rm wide —Hammocks and
cult. eR Fla. and La. Nat. of Africa, E cu
P. cathartica (Poir.) m Stem minutely strigillose or glabrate: leaf-
blades Nei pin 5-9 em. long, entire or 3-lobed: sepals ovate- dance
ong, nate: corolla-limb purple to white, 6-8 cm. wide.
Hammocks and thickets: along or near the coast, pen. Fla. and the Keys.
W. I.)
6. IPOMOEA L. Annual or perennial elimbing or trailing vines, or
rarely upright dd ip an entire, angled or divided. Flowers solitary
on axillary pedun cymes. Calyx-lobes coriaceous or membranous,
rarely fleshy. NA imd the limb usually spreading. Capsule mostly
septifragally 2- or 4-valved. Seeds often pubescent. — 200 species, widely
distributed.—Sum.-fall or all year S.—MORNING-GLORIE
Stems and branches prostrate and SUCEDE or climbing. I. PANDURATAE.
Stems and branches erect or diffus II. FISTULOSAE.
PANDURATAE
Stem creeping, perennial, glabrous, fleshy or succulent
Corolla-limb white: leaf-blades elliptic to ovate in outline,
er obe . I. stolonifera.
o a HD purple : leaf-blades suborbicular, notched at the
. I. Pes-Caprae.
Stem Sine or rarely ee never creeping.
Leaf-blades EDO or 3-lo
Leaf-blades sagittate or e cnc e at the base:
inner sepals less than 1 cm.
» Leaf-blades denticulate-hastate at. Te base, linear or
linear-lanceolate: corolla white. 3. 1. angustifolia.
Leaf- e. aoe sometimes broadly so: corolla-
purple
Sins equal, 6 Du long: corolla 3-4 em. long. 4. I. tenuissima.
i ees: unequal, 7-9 mm. long: corolla 5-6. em.
ng. 5. I. sagittata.
Leaf- blades m s sagittate: inner sepals often over 1
sepals pM or mucr m a
eaf-blades cordat an typ
ar a Qu. and fleshy, "with the peti-
nd sepals densely setaceo 6. I. setosa.
Pediceld not fleshy, not aao dr
Sep "n Ko seeds with long wool
al 7. I. macrorhiza
Sepals “glabrous: seeds with wool on the
a)
pandurata.
Sepals cuspidately pointed or acuminate.
Corolla yellow : inflorescen n. RATS te.
Co rolla Mic purple, or white: inflorescence soli-
e
M
. polyanthes.
Bond: CAE. glabrous.
Cor ei ia cm. long or less, pink or lilac-
10. I.trifida.
Corolla p cm. long, or longer.
Sepals 10-14 mm. long: stem usually
glabrous and trailing. 11. I. Batatas.
CONVOLVULACEAE 1085
Sepals 8-10 mm. long: stem usually
pubescent and twining.
Annual: ine pubescent, at least the sepals
ilia
Hi
2. I. tiliacea.
|
C2
Corolla E em. long, p
Corolla less than 3 € ng.
eduncles Sholler- nun the petioles:
corolla-tube white, 14. I. lacunosa.
Peduncles longer than the petioles:
corolla- E purple. 15. I. triloba.
Leaf-blades E 5-1- -part
Peduncles stout, short, 1-9- Aor red. 16. I. cairica.
Peduncles fili form, sometimes "tendril- like, 1-2-flowered. 17. I. heptaphylla.
. I. trichocarpa.
II. FISTULOSAE
Perennial plants; leaf-blades entire, ovate: corolla puberulent
without : seeds 'shaggy- -pubescent. 18. I. fistulosa.
I. stolonifera (Cyrill) Poir. Leaf-blades 2-5 cm. long, the early ones
ovate to elliptie, the later ones pandurate or more pc lobed, mic trun-
a or re A the base: sepals elliptic
val,
|
m ;
littoralis (L.) Boiss. I. [0 d R. &
a we s n Fla. and
—(W. IL., Ay
, €. A.,
2. I. id ae a Sweet. Leaf-blades
lon
.5
—Coastal sand- dunes, Fla. to Tex
and Ga. —(W. I.)
3. I. angustifolia Jacq. Eoi blades linear
or linear-lanceolate, 3—5 c ur acute: bid nl dar ns em. long:
sepals unequal, ovate, acute, mm. long: 1-2 ong: eapsule
globose, 8 mm. in di ameter: des smooth. bcd TIS d waste-places,
Coastal Plain, Brunswick, Ga., and at other southern ports. Nat. of Africa.
—GF. I.).
4. I. tenuissima Choisy. Stems twining: leaf-blades laneeolate or linear-
lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, obtuse and mucronulate: sepals ov ate-lanceolate,
obtuse, ciliate : corolla purple, 3—4 em. lon DE: capsule globose. - Pinel lands, Ever-
glade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—AIl yea
5. I. sagittata Cav. Leaf-blades 3-10 em. long, sagittate or hastate- bM.
the m DU linear or eR the basal ones about half as long as the
terminal one: sepals 6-9 m m. long: corolla 5-6 em. lon [I. speciosa Walt.
d ges Nude swamps, and low Renard Coastal Plain and Adi. provinces,
Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
6. I. setosa Ker. Leaf-blades orbicular-ovate, deeply 3-lobed; petioles, pedi-
cels, and calyces bristly with spreading pu rplish setae: pedun cles 3—9-flowered ;
S COE thickened: sepals elliptic, 10—14 mm. lo ong, accrescent in fruit: corolla
purple, 5-6 em. long: capsule 4-celled: seeds ‘hai airy on the a .— (BRAZILIAN
MORNING-GLORY. )— Waste- -places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. Nat. of Brazil.
7. I. macrorhiza Michx. Leaf-blades broadly ovate, 5-15 em. long, erose-
erenulate or lobed, truncate or subcordate at the base, aera fai
en elliptie- -lanceolate, obtuse, 1.5-2 em. long: corolla "white,
limb 5-10 em. broad: seeds with one I villous wool. '[I. Talana Pun
Sandy soil, on or near the coast, Fla. and S. C.
1086 CONVOLVULACEAE
8. I. pandurata (L.) G. F. W. Mey. Leaf- o o often fiddle-shaped,
3-10 em. long: Ming 5-10 em. long, 1 red: calyx-lobes ET en
12-18 mm. long, obtuse, erect, im bricate and forming at tb cool 7-10 e
one limb white, tube lavender within.—(W p PorTATO-VINE. MAN-OF- bie)
H.)—Dry soil, often in OUR various Bein. Fla. to Tex., Ont., and
ed
A
9. I.
late and cordate- -sagittate, un 10 em . lon ng; pe ~ d M than the peti ioles,
= d flowered in a den mbel- like eyme: sepals oblong-laneeolate, 8—10
ong, glabrous, Kn or acuminate: Corio bright yellow, 2-4 cm. long:
erm blaek, E us ent. '[I. umbellata G. F. W. Mey. Not t L.]—Florida
W. I.)
10. I. trifida i zs uds Don. Perennial, pubescent or glabrate, twining:
leaf-blades 2-6 . long, ones often entire, upper 3-lobed, all cordate;
peduneles p flowered; a aE 10-12 mm. long, oblong to nu ids
or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate: corolla pink or lilac- -purple, 2.5-4
capsules more or les sabes n yt e top.—Valleys and light soil, Coastal
e , Tex Siw. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.) Buc in Florida pi
irifida we A. Gray, with glabrous stems and corolla 4 cm. long,
re of Tex
11. I. Batatas (L.) Lam. Leaf-blades ovate, 5-11 cm. long, entire angu-
lately lobed, cordate: sepals unequal, ovatelanceolate Or d acuminate:
corolla 3-5 em. long, white varying to shades of pink or purple.—(S WE
POTATO.)—Pinelands, hammocks and vaste -plaees, southern pen. Fla., and the
Keys. Nat. of E. Indies, and eult.—(W. I .)
aE
t
D
S
HB
12. I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy. s n cordate, acuminate, bei
or 3—5-lobed: peduncles dichotom s many flowered:
sepals elliptie- en cuspidate- acuminate unequal, the inner ones uci.
eorolla rose-purple r pink, 4—5 em. long. [I. Ps (Roxb.) Sweet].—
Sandy thickets, Florida Keys.
13. I. trichocarpa Ell. Leaf-blades ovate, entire or deeply 3-lobed, cordate:
p nd 1-3-flowered: sepals hirsu te, elliptie or elliptic. lanceolate, 9-12
u . long: corolla pink or purple, 2.5—4 em. long: eapsu r less pubes
are s Sod s. [I. commutata R. & S.]—Sandy soll "Coastal Plain, Fla,
to Tex. S. C.
14. I. lacunosa L. Leaf-blades ovate, entire or 3-lobed, 2-7 cm. ee deeply
cordate: peduncles 1-3-flowered: calyx-lobes elliptie or ovate, , 10-1 long,
acute or acu minate: corolla mainly white, 1.5-2 cm. long; limb P n purple:
margined.—River-banks, low grounds, and fi elds, various provinces, 8$.
Ala., Tex., Kans., and "Pa.
I. triloba L. Leaf-blades ovate, 4-10 cm. Bee entire or b : d
iter gis od pe or suborbicu 8-10 m ong,
acuminate: corolla purple, 1.5 em. long: capsule uda 6- ree in di am-
eter, often D seeds a .—Hammocks and sand- dunes, S pen. Fla.
and the Keys.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., 8. A., O. W.)
16. I. cairica (L.) Sweet. Segments of the leaf-blades elliptic- -lanceolate,
8
acute or acuminate, 4—9 em. long: rud s 4—8 mm. long, obtuse: esie Der
5-6 cm. long: capsule Mn) 10- 12 long; seeds x pubes —Road-
sides and waste- -places, Fla. ' Nat. of Fr et —(W. I., Mex., S. A. d
.17. I. heptaphylla (Rottb. & Willd.) Voigt. Leaf-segments linear-lanceolate,
1-5 em. long, acute or acuminate at the ends, entire or undulately toothed:
CONVOLVULACEAE 1087
M E filiform, often "ia twisted and used in climbing: des ovate,
4-5 mm. long, becomi ming 6-7 mm. long: corolla pale-violet, 18-30 mm. long:
capsules 10 mm. long or ae .—Near New Orleans, La. Nat. of trop. p
18. I. fistulosa Mart. Leaf-blades ovate, 5-9 long, bp cordate:
peduncles Erud dial Es d: sepals oid. 5- 7.5 mm. long: pees
6-8 em capsule ovoid, about 1.5 cm. ings seeds shaggy
nt. 'L. en Coulter] d places, Coastal Plain, Pes. Fla.,
S Tex., and James Is., S. C. of S.
7. CAL N Choisy. High-twining vines. Leaf-blades broad.
Flowers showy. aoe -lobes herbaceous, becoming leathery, the outer ones
sometimes horned at the apex. Corolla wide expanding in the evening, salver-
MED not dilated at the throat. Capsule large, longer th
broad.—Four species, in tropical Ameriea.—MOON-FLOWERS. MOON-VINES.
epals, at least the outer, long-appendaged: seeds glabrous or
essentially so. 1. C. cour eet.
Sepals unappendaged : seeds velvety and comose around the edges. 2. C. Tuba.
1. C. aculeatum (L.) House. Leaf-blades ovate to orbicular-ovate, 5-15 em. long,
entire or posee i. E 9-lobed, thin-textured, rather ae acu
minate, the lobes, when pre acute or »
acuminate: app pendaged ealyx- ie ps 3 em.
a y very showy; age ome 9—]4
limb 10-14 cm capsule
much Ep m
yt
: vi
urned iom especially in hammocks,
ape
Tuba (Schlecht.) Colla. Leaf-blades Ca
s Mee to reniform-ovate, 8-15 em. long, usually entire, thick-textured,
oadly acumin nate: calyx- lobes 1. 5-2.5 e
f what
calyx-lobes, the supporting ns slightly thickened eee the calyx.—Coastal
hammocks, S pen. Fla. and t iR (OF. I., Mex., C. A., S. A., O. W.)—Al
year.—Unlike the pre Pre 2 , €. Tuba does not occur inland in Fla.; it
grows only in saline and brackish situatio ons.
8. QUAMOCLIT [Tourn.] Moench. Annual (ours) or perennial vines,
Blades entire, lobed, or divided.
Calyx-lobes equal or nearly s
orange, yellow, or an salve cians tube narro
ing, shorter than the tube. Ovary 2-
4-celled and 4-seeded.—About 10 species, in warm and tropical regions.—Sum.—
fall or all year S
Een: blades pinnately parted, the segments narrow: calyx-lobes ied or mucro
wamoclit.
Leaf. blades entire: calyx-lobes acuminate. 2. D: Minna
1088 CONVOLVULACEAE
Q. Quamoclit (L.) Brittón. Leaf-blades 2-10 em. long; segments narrowly
linear: dca qe clavate: ealyx- ed T to the eorolla-tube: corolla-tube
. lon
clavate, 2.5-3 c ong; lobes
angular. [Ipomoea Quam oclit «s
PRESS-VINE.) —W aste- pe "and old fields, N
various prov vinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and
Va. (Trop. A )
2. Q. bcn (L.) Moench. Leaf-blades
ovate, 3-10 em. long, acuminate, angled or
entire: pe iue duci s stouter than the
pedieels: ealyx-lobes oblong: corolla scarlet
r orange, rarely white; tube 2—4 em. long;
cup-like, 1. . broad. T mo
coccinea L.|—1n elds, and waste-places,
various provinces, Fla. to o Mo., and
Pa. Nat. of trop. Am. (Cent. Am.).
EXOGONIUM Choisy. Creeping, trailing or twining vines. Leaf-
blades, entire, lobed, or divided, rarely cordate. Flowers in aci eymes or
tuse. Cor lla
Capsule thick-walled, 4-se eded.— Abou t Eo
E. microdactylum (Griseb.) House. Leaf-
blades elliptie, n obtuse at base, en-
tire or lobed, 3-8 cm. long: corolla crimson
; oc
nae slightly 5-lobed: capsule longer di
— (WiLDp-POTATO.) — Pinelands,
eed Keys, Fla—(W. I.)—This bee
potato, within our range, occurs only in
weathered s T of- oólitie cael one Ts
roots, resembling sweet-potatoes, often fill
the small erosion holes so dude that the rock must be broken in order to
get them out.
10. THYELLA Raf. Annual or perennial twining vines. Leaf-blades entire
g
or lobed. Flowers in dense capitate clusters an with numerous en-
hirsute
Sdn foliaceous, pubescent
Sepals equa
up to the 2 0
Genie eerie 4- on
roughened.—About 10 — of warm and
tropical America.
Es A e (L.) Raf. Annual, pubes-
ith tawny o leaf-blades ovate or
eliptic ovate, 5-12 long, undulate,
pus d or cordate ni "the base: peduncles
as long as the AE leaves or n
SP violet or blue, 1.5-3 em. broad.
eet 1089
d C har a Griseb. vie and thickets, Coastal Plain,
. to Ark. and S. C.—(W. I., Mez., C. A , 0. W.)
11. JACQUEMONTIA Choisy. Trailing or twining vines or upright shrubs
or herbs. Leaf-blades entire or rarely toothed or lobed. Flowers in loose
eymes without conspicuous bracts, or solitary. Calyx-lobes equal or unequal.
Corolla white, or blue, limb plaited. Capsule subglobose, 4-valved or sub-8-
valved.—About 30 species, in tropical and subtropical America.
Corolla white: p ipe 7
Corolla over 2 cm. wide: capsule obtu
Le
Ei fleshy: pen: econo 2 "3 aa ng. 1. J. reclinata.
s herbaceous: kar becoming 4-5 pr long. 2. J. Curtissit
Corolla pes than 1. wide: capsule acute. 3. J deu Aa
Corolla blue: plant an TÉ 4. J. pen
= J. reclinata House. Stem tomentulose or glabrate, prostrate, reclining, or
cending, woody b often 1-2.5 m. long: leaf-blades elliptic to ovate-
ob
im lar, 1-3 em tuse or retuse:
peduneles usually S edd than the leaves:
ealyx-lobes ovate: corolla white, 2.5-3
psule 4-5 mm g [Convolvulus
havanensis ere .) ]—Coastal sand-
unes and coastal hammocks, eastern shores
of S pen. Fla.— (RF. I.)— —All year.
2. J. Curtissii Peter. Stem woody, prostrate
T or vey: eee us or slightly cob-
ebby-pubes 2—9 . long: leaf-blades
elliptic or clliptie- ndr e, 1-2 cm. long,
obtuse or abruptly o er Menon SS
ealyx-lo Hs odes Ri
white, 2.5— 3 br E m m.
long EE and adj. Everglades, S
pen. Fla
3. J. jamaicensis (Jacq.) Hall. Stem dad or ascending, finely pulverulent-
pilose: leaf-blades ovate to edm 5— Es . lo ee era id e base, apex
e Or eae rigid, revolute: pedun es il -flow ong; sepals
ins: , 1.5—2 mm. long: corolla white. Teenie A ae ‘(Chaim Fl.) |
EX Bahia Honda Key, Fla.—(F. I.)
4. J. pentantha (Jacq.) G. Don. Stem d or glabrate, 3-10 dm. long;
leaf-blades ovate or ov ee lanceolate, 2-5 em. long, truncate or subeordate at the
Howe corolla about 2 em. long, the slightly ee lobes acute. [J. violacea
ois. |—Hammocks, Florida Keys.—(W. I.)
12. CONVOLVULUS [Tourn.] L. Annual or (ours) perennial, erect,
reclining, trailing, or twining vines. Leaf-blades usually hastate or cordate
at the base. Flowers solitary, or clustered on axillary ‘aan s. Calyx sub-
tended by bracts. Calyx-lobes equal or the outer longer. Corol ee
or campanulate. Ovary 1- or 2-celled. Ovules 4. Consule b or nearly
so. Seeds glabrous.—About 150 species, in temperate and tropical regions.—
Spr.-sum.—BINDWEEDS.
69
1090 CONVOLVULACEAE
Stem trailing or climbing.
Mature stem and leaves glabrous or glabrate: AT Ae ovate or hastate.
Leaf-blades with more or less angular spreading basal
obes. 1. C. americanus.
Leaf-blades with rounded or scarcely angled basal lobes
which are not spreadin 2. C. sepium.
Mature stem and leaves copiou A ae softly pubescent:
Leaf-blades elliptic, basal lobes = de d.
Leaf-blades densely white-tomentulose beneath.
3. C. sericatus.
Leaf-blades green, softly pubescent. 4. C. repens.
Leaf-blades lanceolate, basal lobes half as long, spread-
ing, acute. 5. C. Nashii
Stem erect or ascending. 6. C. spithamaeus.
1. C. americanus (Sims) Greene. Stem epe 1-3 m. long, glabrate. Leaf-
blades broadly hastate or ovate-hastate, 5—12 em. long, acuminate or apiculate:
peduncles as long as the leaves or longer:
bracts 2-3 em. long: corolla pink or rose-
purple, 5-7 em. broa — (HEDGE-BINDWEED. )
—Thickets, various are N of Coastal
Plain, C. to bs , Mo n and B S.—
' Sim r to C. ameri-
canus in habit pon ud "EU “leaf.
blades narrowly state: corolla double,
pink, mostly 4-5.5 em. wide, i locally
cult. grounds and waste-place
2. C. sepium L. Similar to C. americanus
in habit: Teaf- blades relatively broader and
m r ed at the apex, basal lobes
directed backward, not spreading: corolla
1 r pink.—Thieke
locally naturalized in ? m., except the
extreme north. Nat. of O. W.
3. C. a. House. Stem twining, 5-10 dm. long, tomentose: leaf-blades
elliptic-ovate, acuminate, shigaty mad cordate, white beneath with a dense
silky-toment dios indument, 6-8 em. long: peduneles longer than the leaves:
bracts 2.5—3 em. long: corolla white, "à 6 em. long.—Thickets, Blue Ridge, Ga.
repens L. Stem twining or Hed leaf-blades narrowly or broadly
Ecke 5—8 cm. lo ong, cordate at the base: peduncles as long as the léaves or
longer: bracts 1.5—2.5 em. lon ng: e corolla its Or "pink! sh, 4-5 em. long.—Dry
soil and old AEN various provinces, Fla. to Tex., S. Dak., and Va.
5. C. Nashii House. Stem softly and finely sericeous-pubescent, twini n 1-2
m. long: leaf- n lanceolate or the lower elliptic-lanceolate, 3-4 cm. long:
basal s 1-2 em. long, spreading or produced: peduncles 1- flowe A shorter
than the leaves: b: acts ovate, d dieit 14—18 mm. long: corolla white, or the
limb Edu with pink, 4-5 em long.—Sw wampy plaees, Fla.
6. C. spithamaeus L. Stem finely pd 1-7 dm. long: leaf-blades elliptic-
ovate or fiddle-shaped, 4-10 em. long, rounded or subcordate at the base
ets 1.5—3 em. long: co
A At usually from the lower axils: braets 1.5 corolla white or
g.—(Low-BINDWEED.)—Fields and a ram Be in eal-
careous soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tenn. NW , Ont.,
13. STROPHOCAULOS Small. Perennial procumbent or twining vines.
Leaf-blades sagittate to hastate, petioled. Flowers solitary or few together
CONVOLVULACEAE 1091
on peduneles. Calyx naked, not subtended
y bracts. Calyx-lobes goa equal. Corolla
short-funnelform, white or pink, sometimes
pubeseent without. ous mostly 2-celled.
elaine globose or ovoid. Seeds glabrous.—
t 40 species, widely distributed. One
Ru
1. S.arvensis (L.) Small. rud eeu at
the base, the branches pros low
twining : leaf- blades aa A NA
or linear-hastate, 1-5 em. long: peduncles
shorter than the "leaves: calyx-lobes oval or
c 3- di 5 mm. long: corolla white
r pin a 2¢ “on ng.— ( FIELD-BINDWEED. )—-Fields, waste- T and road-
Hag va various pence: Ala. to Ark., Calif., Ont., an nd N. S. Nat. of Eurasia.
4. TURBINA i Perennial, high climbing or trailing vines. Leaf-
blades ov eds eordate, glabrate, entire. Flowers in many-flowered, corymbose,
axillary, peduncled clusters, near the ends of
branches. ana eoriaceous. Corolla ied
nelform from the base. Ovary 2-celled,
broad, aeute, indehiscent, l-celled and 1-
seeded by abortion. Seeds oblong, finely
WKN Mei. 20 species, in tropieal
regions.
1. T. corymbosa (L.) Raf. Stems trailing,
several m. long. s narrowly ovate or
elliptic, subacute, 6-8 mm. long, dark-colored
with whitish ae margins: corolla white
ien E bands, 3—4 em. long; sapsule 8-10
Ue moea e y olia Choisy
me Mills sp.]—H ammoeks, Coastal Plai
Cape Sable region, Florida and the Keys oid S Tex.—Fall—wint.
15. ARGYREIA Lour. Twining vines, the pubescence commonly sericeous.
Leaf-blades broad, cordate, usually — Flowers in axillary peduneled
cymes. Calyx often colored within: lobes
latier. Corolla showy, campanulate-fun-
nelform. Ovary 2-celled. Stigma slightly
2-lobed. Fruit baccate, indehiscent. —About
25 species, in tropical Asia and Afri
1. A. speciosa (L.) Sweet. Stem and
branches ae id leaf-blades broadly
ovate, 12— m glabrate above, silv-
ery-pubese an re the veins conspicu-
ous: d vate- elliptic Ei glabrous
within: 4—5 long: corolla-tube
sepal
inflated- oylindric, about 5 em. pe
purple.—Hammocks along d a Fla.
Nat. of trop. Asia, and eult.— (V. I.)
1092 CUSCUTACEAE
FaAMiLY 3. CUSCUTACEAE — Dopper FAMILY
Herbaceous parasitic vines, with pale foliage. Leaves mere alternate
scales. Flowers perfect, cymose. Calyx of 4 or 5 distinct or partly
united sepals. Corolla regular, of 4 or 5 partly united petals, usually
bearing fringed seales below the sinuses. Androecium of 4 or 5 stamens,
he fila ments partly adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium ‘of 2 partly
united carpels, the styles distinct, or partly united:.stigmas capitate.
Capsule circumseissile or indehiseent.—Only the following genus, and
about 160 species, widely distributed.
1. CUSCUTA [Tourn.] L. Annual, slender, yellow or reddish vines twin-
ing on herbs and shrubs and adhering to the bark by means of suckers. Flow-
ers white, greenish, or yellowish. The plants arise from the ground, but later
become wholly parasitic, the stems and branches often matted.—Sum.-fall or all 4
year S.—DopbERS. LOVE-VINES. STRANGLE-WEEDS.
Styles distinct. (Subgenus GRAMMICA.)
Capsule remaining closed, a utricle.
Flowers Lee by several bracts: sepals nearly or
uite dis I. GLOMERATAE.
Flowers n SUUS ided nee oe sepals partly united. II. PLATYCARPAE,
Gaule: cireumscissile, a py III. UMBELLATAE.
Styles more or less united. (Sub senis MONOGYNA.) IV. EXALTATAE
GLOMERATAE
Bracts subtending the calyx obtuse, with appressed tips. 1. C. compacta.
Bracts subtending the calyx acute, with spreading tips. 2. C. glomerata.
II. PLATYCARPAE
Capsule UE more or less depresse
Calyx and eorolla smooth. neither fleshy nor papillate.
rolla persistent at the base of the capsule.
Cor olla-lobes obtuse; seales reaching the filaments:
fools pentamerous. 3. C. glandulosu.
Corolla- aes acute.
Corolla-lobes triangular; scales with few proc-
dis at the 3 flowers mostly tetramerous. 4. C. Polygonorum.
s is lobes ovate; scales with numerous proc-
: flowers pentamerous. = 5. C. pentagona.
orolla Der scent at the apex of the capsule: flowers
ostly tetramerous. 6. C. Cephalanthi.
corolla with inflexed D.
Flowers mostly tetramerous: corolla-scales rudimen-
tary, AEN by toothed wings. 7. C. Coryli.
mes mostly pentamerous: corolla- scales copiously
8. C. indecora.
a id: conic, Eu E shaped.
lla about 1 long; lobes inflexed at the tip:
flowers frequently etramerous. 9. C. Harperi.
core 2- lon lobes not inflexed: flowers pen-
tamero
Miu flask- shaped, with a long neck: flowers 4-6
lon 10. C. rostrata.
Capsule aa A conic or globose-ovoid: flowers 2-4 mm.
ng. 11. C. Gronovii.
UMBELLATA
Corolla-lobes lanceolate as long as the tube: nnd scales long
a aud E E the sinuses. 12. C. umbellata.
Corolla-lobes ovate, shorter than e E corolla-seales short
nnd pe oad, pm reaching the sinus 13. C. americana.
EXALTATAE
Plant with very eoarse tangled stems, lareo o (corolla
4—5 mm. long) and large capsules, 6-9 mm. lon 14. C. exaltata.
CUSCUTACEAE 1093
mpacta Juss. Branches stout or stoutish, often widely matted: calyx-
TM orbicular to oval, subtended by 3-5 appressed bracts: corolla-lobes ellip-
tie, spreadin ng or refle xed, mueh shorter than
the tube: rolla-seales ds than the
corolla- e or reaching the filaments, long-
ringed: anthers D capsule globose-
conic: seeds about 2.5 m ong.— rubs
mostly in swamps, various e Ec
to Tex. Kans., Ont., and Mass
2. C. glomerata Choisy. Branches rather
the host
oval, subtended by bracts with recurved tips:
corolla- lobes elliptic to lanceo ee spreading
or sometimes reflexed, shorter than i tube:
er
mo abundantly fringed at the apex:
anthers mp capsule globose-eonie or flask-shaped: seeds about 1.
lon [C. paradoxa Raf. Dou E on tall po various provinces, Miss.
to Tex., S. Dak. Minn., and O
- C. glandulosa (Engelm.) Small. Branches rather slender, commonly mat-
: flowers in globular rone clusters: calyx-lobes ovate: corolla-lobes ovate
ur | orter than the tube: corolla Pus as long as the corolla-tube,
mbes: capsule depressed- -globose: seeds oval. [C. obtusiflora E
Engelm.]—On herbs, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Tenn., Ga.
(W. I., Mex Pri
4. C. Polygonorum Engelm. Branches rather coarse to slender, often loosely
matted: flowers in compact clusters: ealyx-lobes triangular: corolla-lobes tri-
angular, acute, longer than the tube: corolla-scales as long a eror orolla-tube
or nearly so, with few short processes on the e upper part: Aem subglobose:
seeds roundish.—On herbs in wet places, various provinces, Tenn., to Tex
Minn. and Md
9. C. pentagona Engelm. Branches slender, loosely matted: calyx-lobes
deltoid oe to orbieular- -ovate, obtuse: corolla-lobes as long as the tube or
slightly longer, reflexed or spreading, the acute tips inflexed: corolla-scales
longer than the corolla-tube, deeply fringed: anthers ea a eae sub-
globose: seeds 1-1.2 mm. long. '[C. arvensis Beyr.]—On herbs and low shrubs,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Wash., 2d Mass.— (W. T Mer.)
C. Cephalanthi Engelm. Branches rather coarse, seldom matted: calyx-
te elliptic-ovate, obtuse: eorolla-lobes much shorter than b tube, erect or
preading, obtuse: corolla oie nearly or quite as long as the co d
with scattered Pen E o tos Ego dde: capsule depressed: globo
seeds about 1.6 mm. long.—On shrubs and tall herbs, various provinces, Tenn.
to Tex., Calif., Wash., Me., and Va.
Coryli Engel Branehes slender or rather stout, sometimes loosely
. C. elm.
matted: calyx-lobes triangular, acute: corolla cylindric-campanulate in anthesis;
lobes triangular-ovate: eorolla-seales Educ e S oe than the corolla-
tube, with few irregular processes on er side bel notched or ee
top: ' anthe ers ake or slightly ellipsoid po ule d cd globose. [C. inflexa
Engelm.]—On shrubs or woody herbs, various provinces, N. C. to Tex., bes 5
Mont., Mich., Era I.
1094 CUSCUTACEAE
indecora Choisy. ‘Branches stout, ONE matted: ealyx- s lanceolate,
]
triangular- -lanceolate, acute or obtusish: corolla campanulat anthesis ;
A laneeolate or triangular- -laneeolate: corolla-scales ue i m ng as the
corolla-tube or longer, c opiously fringed: anthers saco Is capsule globose.
[C. decora pulcherrima Engelm.]—On herbs p lov TR various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Calif., Ida., and Mich.—(W. I., 2
Harperi Small Branches very slender, rather loosely matted: flowers
n loose clusters: calyx orbieular-ovate to ren nifo rm: eorolla broadly eampanu-
ter, a : be, wi
esses, especially above: anthers Pd capsule depressed-globose or glo-
bose-ovoid, depressed at the apex: seeds about l mm. long.—On low herbs,
Appalachian Provinees, Ala.
10. C. rostrata Shuttlw. Branches rather coarse, sometimes a matted:
flowers in compact clusters: ealyx-lobes ovate: corolla eampanulate, 4-6 mm.
long; lobes ovate, much shorter than the tu be, obtuse: corolla- scales shorter
than the corolla-tube, with many long processes: o oval: capsule flask-
shaped, n seeds 2.5 mm. long or nearly so.—On herbs or rarely on s rubs;
various provinees, Ga. to Tenn n. and Md.—Very common on herbs and brambles
above 5000 feet alt. in the Blue Ridge.
11, C. Gronovii Willd. Branches slender to rather eoarse, more or less matted:
flowers in lax or dense clusters: calyx shorter than the corolla; lobes broadly
u
pm near the top: anthers oval: capsule globose-ovoid: seeds about 1.5
. long.—On herbs oe low shrubs, often in wet grounds, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Man., a N: S.
12. C. umbellata H. B. K. Branches slender, sometimes filiform, loosely
matted: flowers in unusually dense clusters: calyx ully as long as the eorolla-
tube; lobes triangular to ovate-triangular: corolla broadly campanulate ; 15bes
lanceolate, as long as the tube or longer: corolla-scales as long as the corolla
tube or exceeding it, n numerous short processes: anthe pis oval or ellipso
eapsule depressed-globose: seeds about l mm. ong.—On herbs, Coastal Plain
and southwestern ue. Fla. to Ariz.—(W. I., Mez.)
13. C. americana L. Branches dp slender, in separate strands or sometimes
matted: flo-vers in small (1 em. in diameter) spaced or oa clusters: calyx
not as ae ng as the lee lobes Sarena reniform: corolla narrowly
campanulate; lobes ovate, much shorter than the tube: relic cates shorter
than the corolla- tube, ps rather many very short processes: anthers sub-
globose: capsule ovoid: seeds about 1 mm. long.—Hammocks and pinelands, S
Fla.—(W. I., Mez., C. A. S. A.)
14. C. exaltata Engelm. Branches very stout, copiously but os loosely
ike
matted: flowers sessile or nearly so in sp ike panicles: calyx nearly or
quite as long as the corolla-tube; lobes orbicular-ovate: corolla eylinds ic-cam-
panulate: lobes ovate-orbieular, much shorter than the tube: rolla-seales
2-lobed, appearing as a wing n either side of the filament- Mrs qud toothed
above: anthers ovoid: capsule oval-ovoid or cylindric-o ovoid, 6-9 mm. long:
seeds 3—- Bn . long.—On shr ie especially scrub-oaks, coastal sand dunes, Fla.;
also various provinces, Tex.
HYDROLEACEAE
Faminy 4. HYDROLEACEAE — WamER-LEAFP FAMILY
Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubby plants. Leaves alternate or
opposite: blades toothed, lobed, or dissected, or rarely entire. Flowers
filaments partly adnate to the corolla. Gynoecium 2-carpellar ruit a
capsule "en 20 genera and 175 species, mostly natives of Western
North Amer
Styles aes or S united: ovary 1-celled: leaf- ENS PSY toothed or lobed.
Corolla-lobes convolute in the bud: ‘placentae dil I. HYDROPHYLLEAE.
Corolla-lobes imbricate in the bud: placentae n W. II. PHACELIAE.
Styles distinct: ovary 2-celled: leaf- blades entire,
Corolla funnelform or salverform : capsule loculicidal,
the valves bearing the seeds. III. MARILAUNIDIEAE.
dir rotate or campanulate: capsule septicidal, the
ils bearing the seeds. IV. NAMEAE.
m
Calyx not conspicuously enlarge
Calyx without reflexed aonda at EU sinuses 1. HYDROPHYLLUM.
Calyx with reflexed appendages at the sinuses.
Styles united to near the tips: stamens exserted. 2. DECEMIUM.
Styles united to about the middle: Stamens included. 3. NEMOPHILA.
Calyx CONSUE TOMOS enlarged at ma turi | 4. NYCTELEA.
II. PHACELIEAE
Annual or rase perennial T flowers in scorpioid
raceme-like cymes: corolla show 5. PHACELIA.
ae Mar RILAUNIDIEAE
Low, often prostrate herbs: flowers re CR HR small. 6. MARILAUNIDIUM.
AM
Perennial erect herbs or partly woody planis; flowers in
axillary or terminal] cymes: corolla show T. NAMA
1. HYDROPHYLLUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades lobed,
innatifid, or pinnately divided. Cymes long-peduncled. Calyx but little
changed in fruit. Corolla white or colored. Filaments oes the corolla-
lobes, eared at the middle. Seeds reticulate—About 12 species, North
American.—WATER-LEAFS.
Leaf-blades pinnate or pinnatifid: inflorescence conspicuously hirsu
Stems barely pubescent: calyx-lobes nearly distinct, linear. 1. H. vir ginicum.
Stems hispid or hirsute: calyx-lobes elliptic- lanceolate. 2. H. enm
Leaf-blades palmately 5—7-lobed. 3. H. canaden
H. virginicum L. Plant 2-7 dm. tall: oy Sa gees coarsely tooth ed or
incised : cymes open: calyx-lobes linear, about ong, much longer than
the P E. corolla white a as ee 8.5—10 ^
mm. long; jd. rounded a apex.—Rieh W
"mr various provinees, in “Coastal: Plain
nd northward, S. C. to Kans., Man., and
Que FA
2. H. ma PLA um Nutt. Plant 2-6 dm.
r in-
eym mpact: calyx-lobes lanceo-
me
than the tube: corolla white, ae long;
lobes notched at the apex. woods,
various provinces, N of Dum ‘Plain, Ga.
to Ill. and Va.—Spr.
3. H. canadense L. Plant 2-7 dm. tall:
1096 HYDROLEACEAE
y 1
leaf-lobes coarsely toothed or again lobed: cymes open: ealy Pedes) linear to
linear-lanceolate, much longer than the tube: iens d 9-10 mm. long, the
lobes notched at the d m te: oil, woods an a r-banks, various provinces
N of Coastal Plain, N. C. t , Ont., and Mas
2. DECEMIUM Raf. e upright herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately or
palmately lobed or divided. Cymes long-peduncled. Calyx somewhat accres-
cent. Corolla violet or purple. Filaments
surpassed by the PENA eee.
Seeds minutely pitted.—One spec
1. D. aie ere a (Michx.)
|. 38-6 dm. tall: leaf-lobes
| t. ju onger than the
corolla 9— lln m. long; lobes rounded at th
apex. [Ha Won a appendiculatum
Miehx. ]— —Rich soil, usually in damp woods,
various E inces N of Coastal Plain, N. C.
to Kans nt.
3. N ones Nutt. Annual diffuse herbs. Leaf-blades nd lobed
or ipn LS solitary ( on page's peduncles. Calyx much en-
rol m
d
ored. i eee aie. glabrous. i
jb united.—About 10 speeies, North
Amer
1. N. microcalyx (Nutt.) F. & M. Branches \
0.5-4 dm. long: leaf-segments 3-5: pedicels
0.5-1.5 mm. long: calyx with minute appe
dages: corolla white or bluish, the en-
dages obsolet ca ong.— |
Shaded banks and moist woods, various
provinees, W Fla. to Tex., Ark., and Va.—
Spr.—Another speei ies, N. phac celioides Nutt.,
occurs west of the Missis sae Riv It ha as
a large corolla 2— m. wid
. 4. NYC Scop. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades pinnately divived or 1-3-
pinnatifid. Flowers solitary in the axils. Calyx accrescent. Corolla white or
: yx
lated. Styles united.—About three species,
North American.
1. N. Nyctelea (L.) Britton. Plant 0.5-3
dm. tall ultimately diffu 2d cu
i adi
leaf blades with spreading seg pedi-
e — . lo EDI pet ar- .
lanceolate, becoming 7— , roll
) ong: capsule 5-6 mm. in diamet
neter.
—Rich soil, woods and stream-banks, various
Pes. N be sil a N. C. to Kan
. and O
HYDROLEACEAE 1097
5. PHACELIA Juss. Annual, biennial, or Picea herbs. Leaf-blades
toothed or dissected. Flowers in scorpioid racemes or cymes. rele ha d
accrescent. Corolla white or variously color s entire to fimbri
ments not dilated at the base. Styles a. oe a 90 species, ree
can—ASpr.
Corolla-lobes entire or merely crenulate.
Appendages of the corolla-tube between the stamens conspicuous.
I. BIPINNATIFIDAE.
pendages of the corolla-tube between the stamens in-
coi Spieuous or obsolete. II. DUBIAE.
Corolla-lobes fimbriate, laciniate, or fimbriate-dentate. III. FIMBRIATAE.
. BIPINNATIFIDAE
Stamens longer than the corolla: style over 8 mm. long. » P. bipinnatifida.
Stamens shorter than the corolla: style less than 5 mm. long. . P. brevistyla.
DUBIAE
Plant puberulent : : corolla white or lilac, 8-10 mm. wide. 3. P. dubia.
Plant hirsute: corolla a -purple, 12-15 mm. wide. 4. P. hirsuta.
III. FIMBRIATAE
Pedicels as long as the calyx-lobes or a little longer at matur-
ity: style-branches longer than the united portion.
Calyx- e elliptic: corolla about 8 mm. broad; lobes la-
ciniate toothed. 5. P. Boykinii.
Calyx- d linear: corolla about 4 mm. broad; lobes irregu-
larly toothed. 6. P. Bicknellü.
Pedicels fully twice as long as the calyx-lobes at maturity:
Style-branches shorter than the united portion.
Corolla blue with white eye: stem erect. 7. P. Purshii.
Corolla white or pinkish: stem spreading or decumbent. 8. P. fimbriata.
1. sit ier Michx. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, glandular-pubescent above:
leaves 4-11 cm. long; blades pinata divided, the segments incised or pin-
natifid: En lobes eH Ren linear to li
] ong:
—6 mm. —Dam mp
slopes, calcareous cliffs, and thiet, vari-
ous provinces N of Coastal cd Ga. to
Ala., Ill., Ohio, and Va.—Spr.
P. brevistyla Buckl. eee 1-4 dm
en ‘@endula nA above: leaves simi-
lar f P. bipinnati ifida, but often
smaller: pee idis linear to Dd ee
4—5 long: corolla blui 4—5
long; Po a shorter a the o tube;
appendages about 14 as long as the corolla
capsule 4-5 mm. long 7 Shaded slopes, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau,
Ala. to N. C.—Spr.-
9. P. dubia (L.) Small. Plant 0.5-4 dm. tall, often diffuse, strigillose, as
ell as glandular: stem-leaves p. 38-5 oval, ovate, or obovate lobes: ealyx-
lobes 2 elliptic or nearly so, 3-4 mm. long: corolla mainly pale-lilae,
5-6 m appendages obi x pig longer than the corolla: ovary
and style pe pubescent: capsule 2.5-3 mm. long. '[P. parviflora Pursh]—
k f
4. P. hirsuta Nutt. Plant 0.5-3 dm. tall, sometimes sparingly branched,
hirsute: stem-leaves with 5-7 lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate lobes: calyx-lobes
1098 |». HYDROLEACEAE
elliptie to linear-spatulate, 5-6 mm. long: corolla dark-purple A do d ee
5-11 em. long: stamens shorter than the corolla: ovary and s le-bas
cent: pu 3.5-4 mm. long.—Dry soil, rocks, a and open d run i
inees, N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Kans. and Va.—Spr.
5. P. Boykinii (A. Gray) Small. Plant 1-2 dm. long, the branches becoming
E stem-leaves a 5-7 broadly ovate lobes: calyx-lobes elliptic, 3—3.5
. long: co red bluish, 3-4 mm. long; lobes laciniate- toothed: appendages
less ee ME is long as ES corolla: filaments sparingly pubescent: capsule 2.5
. long.—Dry soil, inner edge of Coastal Plain, Ga.—Spr.
6. P. Bicknelli Small Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the branches strigose: Ben
as long as the corolla: filaments glabrous: capsule about 2 mm. long.—Barren
soil, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn.—Spr.
7. P. Purshii Buckl. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, with rather stiff stems; stem-leaves
with 5-9 lanceolate or elliptic lobes: calyx- -lobes linear = Ap i spatulate, 4-5
mm. long: corolla light-blue with white eye, 6-7 long; lobes short-
fimbriate; o manifest: filaments about as iene as the alae cap-
sule about 4 mm. lon EN Su oi thickets and rich woods, various provin of
Coastal Plain, "N. C. , Mo., Minn., and Pa.; locally ea. B field-
weed.—Spr.
8. P. fimbriata Michx. Plant 1-4 dm. tall, with weak stem: stem-leaves with
5-7 triangular, uat or ovate, " partly e lobes: ~ -lobes elliptic
to a spatulate, 5-6 mm. long: a white or pinkish, 8-9 mm. long;
s obsolete: filaments a th an the corolla: capsule about 5 mm.
long. ` Wooded slopes, Blue. Ridge to ipe Plateau, Ala. to Va.—Spr.
6. MARILAUNIDIUM Kuntze. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-
blades entire. Flowers solitary in axils. Calyx slightly accrescent: lobes nar-
row. Corolla often blue, funnelform to
nearly salverform: filaments often unequal,
filiform, Styles distinet.—About 18 species,
natives of warm and tropical regions.
1. M. drca nh CI) Kuntze. | hes
l—4 dm. long, spreading or n : leaf-
blades Dr es broadly s 1-5 em
long: Te w narrowly linear or nearly
SO ong, ei
—Ham
ste d a impos Fla. E» Tex
Mex., C. A., S. A.)—S8pr.-fal
7. NAMA L. Perennial herbs, or shrubby ann sometimes spiny ea
blades entire. Flowers in axillary or terminal ole Calyx Beky accres-
cent: lobes broad. Corolla blue or rarely white, ato: campanulate. Fila-
ments widely dilated at the base. Styles di voce pie L. Eo ut 45
species, natives of warm and tropieal regions.
f
POLEMONIACEAE 1099
Styles several times longer than the ovary: filaments nearly or quite as long as the
corolla: top of the ovary and bases of the style glandular-pubescent.
Woo ovate to elliptic: calyx-lobes mostly less than
lon 1. N. ovatum.
Leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate: calyx-lobes mostly
ver 7 mm. lon 2. N. corymbosum.
Styles slightly UE than the ovary: filaments much shorter
than the corolla: ovary and styles glabrous.
Calyx-lobes line cu" oe linear-lanceolate, sparingly ciliate:
stem villous-hirs 3. N. quadrivalve.
Calyx-lobes ovate A ovate lanceolate, closely ciliate: stem
glabrous or puberulen . N. affine.
1. N. ovatum (Nutt.) Britton. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, soft-pubescent, spine-
armed, panieulate above: leaf- -blades somewhat acuminate: ea = -lobes simply
hite k
corymbosum aA Eos tze
Plant 2— : dm. tall, unarmed or nearly 30,
mbos bove: leaf-blades. " elliptie to
elliptic. his acute: calyx-lobes glan-
dular-ciliate: corolla mainly azure-blue, 11-
15 mm. long:
m. 4-6 mm. long H
corymbosa Macbrid ee often cal-
eareous, and stream-banks, Coastal Plain,
] 'S. C.—Sum
3. N. quadrivalve (Walt.) Kuntze. Plant 2-10 dm. long, ede decumbent,
spine-armed: leaf-blades narrowly elliptie or z so, 4— A long: calyx-
lobes 6-8 mm. long: o blue or lilac, 7-8 mm. long: capsu e 5- 6 mm. an ng,
surpassed by t [H. quadrivalvis Walt.|— E a n EUM ;
ponds, and dickes, Um Plain, Fla. to La. and Va.—S
4, affine (A. Gray) Kuntze. Plant 2-7 dm. long, often creeping, spine-
a leaf-blades linear-elliptie or nearly so, 3—10 em. lo ec calyx-lobes 4.5—5
mm. long: corolla violet, 9-10 mm. long: capsule 6-7 m ong, surpassing
tie calyx. '[H. affiwis A. Gray]—Swampy places, Coastal Plain and adj.
provinees, Miss. to Tex., Mo., and Ind.—Sum.-
Faminy 5. POLEMONIACEAE — Purox FAMILY!
Plants of moderate size. Calyx of 5 partly united sepals, their free
parts (lobes) deltoid to subulate. Corolla of 5 partly united petals, the
1 d. Andro
free parts (lobes) conspicuous, convolute in bu eciu
stamens, often unequal. Gynoecium of 3 united carpels, the styles emi
Fruit a loculicidal capsule —Compris rises 20 genera and 200 species, mos
numerous in western North America; all but about 10 of the species are
limited to the New World.
Corolla campanulate: stamens in part res = 1. POLEMONIUM.
cor funnelform to salverform : stamens erect.
eaf-blades pinnately parted: corolla funnelfor rm: filaments
Wo adnate up to the corolla-thr oat (in our species). 2. GILIA.
Leaf-blades entire or nearly so: corolla salverform: filaments
ually adnate to the corolla-tube. 3. PHLOX.
1 Contributed by Edgar Theodore Wherry.
1100 POLEMONIACEAE
1 POLEMONIUM L. Plants perennial with well-developed rootstocks,
or in a few species annual. Leaves alternate: blades pinnately divided. In-
florescence ied eymose, the cymes eorymbose or panieulate. Caly tul
lar: lobes broad. Corolla violet, yellow, or white, rotate to campanulate, with
spreading lobes. Filaments equally adnate M the eorolla-tube, two or more
declined. Capsule ovoid to cllipsoid.—A bout 25 species, mostly North Ameri-
can, but at least 7, including the type of os genus, Eurasian.
tans L. Tufted ee the ascending or erect stems up to 50
Aa ar e em. tall: lea up.to 20 em. long and 7 em. wide; segments
e, but ony elliptic:
cory an i a Cof bi flowers pcd
m. ALT ar
Ais e 3-5 m ong;
long during anthesis, doubling i as
the capsule ripen orolla pale E ex-
ceptionally white, cu ande the tube 5-7
mm. long; es obovate, lo as the
tube: stamens normally included: style ex-
BLUE L V
VALERIAN. SWEAT T.) S d
thiekets, often in circumneutral dn various
provinees, though on the astal E d
ns. n. an and 3
Late spr. licate plant, acca onal
cultivated, Mud blooming for but a shor
period. A related species, - Van-Bruntiae
Britton, grows in S W. Va., and may enter our range in the Blue Ridge; it is
taller and has a narrow B of larger flowers with the stamens exser ted.
2. GILIA R. & P. Perennial, biennial, or annual plants. Leaves usually
alternate, with numerous narrow segments, or in some species incised or entire.
Calyx tubular to campanulate; lobes narrow, acute. Corolla red, yellow, blue,
or white, exceptionally moi Filaments unequally adnate to the corolla-tube
or equally adnate but unequally exserted. Capsule ellipsoid to ovoid.—About
100 species, all American and mostly in western United States.
1. G. rubra (L.) Heller. Plant biennial, forming a large rosette the first year
and producing a stout stem up to 100 (exceptionally 175) em. tall the second
year: leaves numerous, pinnately-parted in
linear-filiform divisions: panicle long, slen
di e wers eee pedieelled: calyx- ny 3—4
teeth 4-6
ie brilliant scarlet- red w
. and N. Q. = ea
"M in various provinces as far N as
m^ NIB CREEK CRECEN MS DEEP ete Ae Eile Des > DUE LL s LT CUT ALI Wc Is.
POLEMONIACEAE 1101
ich. and Mass.—Sum.—A very showy plant. The flowers are adapted to
Cross- on EE by humming-birds.
3. PHLOX L. Dwarf-shrubby, perennial, or annual plants. Leaves
mostly opposite, with their bases connected by stipular lines, in some species
alternate, the blades entire. Inflorescence primarily cymose, the cymes often
arranged in eorymbs or panicles, bracted. Calyx tubular; lobes narrow, acute
or awned. Corolla typically bright-purple, but ranging to rose-red, lue-
violet, or to white, pale eye often striate with 5 groups of A p
lines: lobes cuneate to broadly obovate. Capsule subglobose to ellipsoid, 4-6
mm. long.—About 50 p unn a North modum except that one extends from
Alaska into Siberia. Several of these, as well as hybrids between them are
in eultivation and have A: locally. Many of the species are markedly
variable.
Stems woody, aS or decumbent; axillary latent o CDDOMSBHES leav
es mostly
persistent : Bore scence a few-flowered cyme; pedice
often elongat I. SUBULATAE.
Stems herbaceo s decumbent or erect; i
: axillary 2
shoots inconspicuous: leaves deciduous or a f
sistent : infloresce nce few
Plant perennial : ^ leaf-blades obtuse to acute with
Short awn-tips: inflorescence bilaterally
1, II. DIVARICATAE.
saree annual: leaf-blades acute, with prominent
awn-tips : inflorescence asymmetrical. III. DRUMMONDIANAE.
Calyx- ples mos Pd than the tu
p
e.
Leaves medium-sized, their margins roughish or
oe with soft hairs, and their lateral veins
seu IV. OvATAE.
ones relatively large, their margins ciliate-serru-
late stiff oues and their lateral veins
DPosüncnt areola V. PANICULATAE.
I. SUBULATA
Corolla-lobes entire, erose, or shallowly Eo eT stamens all
included ; style 1-8 mm. lon
Corolla-lobes conspicuously notched (exceptionally nearly en-
ire) ; stamens partly exserted; style 4-12 mm. long.
p numerous, wded; low wer tages 8—20 mm. long;
nu
1. P. nivalis.
1 2. P. subulata.
Nodes few, more remote; lower leaves 20—60 mm. long;
sinuses in the corolla-lobes averaging 3 mm. deep. 3. P. bifida.
DIVARICAT
Sterile shoots becoming decumbent, often roo at nodes;
leaves rather broad; inflorescence lax ; MER glabrous. 4. P. divaricata.
Sterile A erect. or oU Me D rooting 7 odes ; leaves
ostly narro inflores mpa
ig eps mostly “near to ETE y persistent ;
bracts spreading ; inflorescence- hairs sometimes gla nd-
tipp
Nodes few: leaves pubescent or sometimes glabro
the upper spreading, passing rather abruptly into "the
bracts. 9. P. pilosa,
Nodes numerous; leaves always glabrous, the upper
enang passing gradually into glandular-pubescent
6. P. floridana.
md “oblong SUD to lanceolate, many of them persis-
ten bra ending ; inflorescence- hairs coarse,
esiandular 7. P. amoena.
1102 POLEMONIACEAE
DRUMMONDIAN
III.
Plant a branching annual with the upper leaves arcane. 8. P. Drummondii,
Prostrate stems well-developed, rooting at ee lower leaves
9. P. stolonifera.
spatulate, many of them Aveta pay
ped: lower leaves never typically
t.
B Sho ots mostly Pe from the tip of a decum-
bent nodes few: leaves elliptie to ovate: calyx
avera zn Hs. 10 mm. lon ng. 10. P. ovata.
Flowering shoots mostly arising from the UEM.
nodes numerous: calyx averaging less than 10
ng.
Gace in a corymb or broad corymbose panicle.
u leayes lanceolate to ovate: calyx 6-11 mm.
11. P. carolina.
Upper leaves linear to lanceolate: calyx 5-8 mm.
long.
Cymes in à narrow-conica
19. P. glaberrima.
1 or cylindrical panicle. 13. P. maculata.
V. PANICULATA
Hairs on the few opposite leaves, when present, coarse, and
those on the inflorescence mos stly gland- -tipped: coro olla- tube
me 1 included. 14. P. amplifolia,
Hairs on the numerous SUD. opposite leaves, when present, fine
those on the a. pointed or died gland- eed
ted. 15. P. paniculata.
corolla-tube pubescent: 1 or 2 stamens exs
P. nivalis Lodd. Low evergreen shrub, with erect pubescent oe pes
giandular m PS 10-20 em. tall: ‘leaf-blades sessile, up
long an 4 mm. wide; blades linear-subu-
late to pcm "elliptie: calyx-tube abou
mm. and lobes 4 mm. long: corolla light-
purple to white, the eye often dark-striate:
1-19 mm.
lon bes cuneate to
obovate, 8-15 . long, terminally entire or
erose, or with a sinus to 0.5 (rarely 1 or
d Henizii Nutt.]— (TRA1ILING-
PH pen oak woods, pi oods
scrub. in sterile and often rather acid grav-
[7 hoi
Ww,
"i
et
oN
o
H
Dow
Bg
un
^",
ec. to Chap-
an) and —Spr., occasionally
fa 1 1 This m prob Zoly represents the
ancestor of the next following, with which
it is often eo a
2, P. subulata L. Low matted evergreen shrub with Er: erect pubescent,
and in our range usually glandular, EE shoots 5—10 em. tall: leaves much
s in the preceding, but rarely excee eding 15 mm. in d . in width:
mm. long;
a sinus ;
sandy slopes, € often in cireumneutr al soil over calcareous or esi
es, in p tal Plain only northward, N. C. and E Tenn. t
Mich., n Ont and N. cci and occasionally fall—Presumably a descen-
dant from P. ‘nivalis, exhibitin ng its greater specialization in the more densel
matted stems, more cons n S, re
stamens and style—P. Brittonii Small, differing from typieal P. subulata in
the pale-lilac or white eorolla with deeper sinuses in the lobes, was ineluded in
SE. U.S., but is not now regarded as specifically distinet, nor as growing
within our area.
DEP ee NEL" A
V———————1
POLEMONIACEAE 1103
3. P. bifida Beck. Trailing subevergreen shrub, with long ascending flower-
ing shoots; the young ev pia to glandular a leaf-blades
5 mm. wide,
sessile, up to i . lon t ear to lanceolate: calyx-tube
bout 4 mm. cae ; dus slightly shorter corolla iu HE white, dm eye
faintly panty as 9-1 m. long; nearly as long, = with a
S 2-6 mm. dee Mire -PHLOX.)— ` Ex ee osed slopes and cliffs in rocky or
aa sterile soil, ‘Gentral Lowland and uer came d adj. provinces, Tenn. to
N Okla., E Kans., Iowa, and SW Mich.—Spr.—P2. Stellaria A. Gra ay, with
glabrate Zs s d pube Pu young EUN appears. not pe be specifically
distinct.— Neen usually cultivated under the name P. Stellaria is a garden
form of P. po lat
4. P. divaricata L. Plant in an s -mat, with the lower leaves dii du.
the erect flowering shoots up to 50 c . tall: leaf BEA se oni or ne 80,
elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, a to 5 em. long EE ide: ibat
E calyx-tube about 4 mm. long; lobes end what longer:
corolla of mauve to a violet hues, ranging to white, the eye faintly violet-
striate; tube 10- 16 mm. long, glabrous; Eu pcd hs obovate, ad
ieee length, ae. add apiculate, or with a s as uch as 2 m
eep -— (BLUE- PHLOX.)—Rich woods, often n cireumneutral soil over a
duas various provinees, rarely Coastal Plai N Fla. to E rs e pus
, W Que., and N Vt.—Spr.—The flower of this spec con-
sistently of a Huish color than those of any other Sea —Several eae gar-
den forms and hybrids with other species are in cultivati
osa L. Plant gata: the ge up to 60 em. rand Lip or did
10 c nd
i Ww the eye times purple-
striate; tube 10-18 mm. long, glabrous or pubescent; lobes obovate, variable
i , entire, erose, mucronulate or apiculate — (Downy- -PHLOX.)— Open
oods, hammocks, barrens, thickets, and prairies, often in sterile soil, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex. S Man., S Ont., and W Conn.—Spr. -early sum. or all
h
Sm
maintained as specifically distinct. P. glutinosa Buckl. is regarded as a hy-
brid between this species and P. divaricata.
6. P.floridana Benth, Plant tufted, the stems up to 80 cm. tall, glabrous below
the inflorescence; leaf-blades sessile, up to 10 em. long and 7 mm. wide, linear
: VE the upper gra peu Shortened and T de
a termin al corymb, glandu ular-pubescent ; /ealyx-tube and
lobos 4—6 mm Arun one ee diua tube 15-20 mm pm en obo:
vate, entire oft ten larger than the n ext preceding : species — (FLORIDA
PHLox.)— — Sterile EH thickets, and swamp-margins, NW Fla. aids adj. Ala.
and Ga.—Blooms about a month later than P. pilosa, in early summer.—One -
of the most restricted in area of all our oxes, Someti mes some to grade
toward P. pilosa, but usually quite distinct in aspec
7. P. oena Sims. Plant in an open-mat, with the lower pus: evergreen,
Pu purplish beneath, the flowering shoots u up.to 30 em. tall: leaf-blades
sessile, up to 5 em. long and to 8 m mm. wide, the (tuts spatulate but. the
majority linear- -elliptie to LB par bu B pare lanceolate to
elliptic: calyx-tube 4-5 m ong; lobes of t me slightly PES
length: corolla Diui. pale-violet, lilac. white, the eye fain
1104 POLEMONIACEAE
striate; tube 12-16 mm. long, glabrous or puberulent; lobes Lu 8-11 mm.
terminally entire, undu late, or mu cronulate.— (HAIRY x.)—Open
ENS
he
a hybrid between P. uoa lata and P. stolonifera, with gland-
ti pped re md long stamens and s —P. Lighthipei Small, with flowering
shoots up to 50 cm. tall and often D leaves may not be specifically distinct.
P. mmondii Hook. Stem NU pe up to 40 em. tall, pubescent with
nee mier hairs: leaf-blades up to 9 em. long and to 15 mm. wide, sessile,
the lower opposite and qudd and "uic upper alternate, and lanceolate
to elliptic, conspicuously aw tipped: cymes corymbosely compound: calyx-
tube 4-5 mm. and lobes 4—7 mm. long: corolla rose-red to purple, rt
and adj. la. and — Spr
on has produced in this species hundreds of Es “of varying types of
corolla-lobing, and numerous different colors.
9. P. stolonifera Sims. Plant dense mat, with decumbent evergreen
sterile iid rooting freely at ie ‘nodes, and erect deciduous eae m
cent flowering shoots up to 30 em. tall: f-blades up to 8 em. long and 2
wide, obovate- -spatulate to elliptic- ise eyme simple or eben com-
pou yx-tube about 5 mm. long; lobes as long or somewhat shorter:
o bright-purple, o or pes white, the eye a E tube 20-25
mm. long; lobes 10-12 mm. long. [P. reptans cag (CRE G-PHLOX.)—
Woods, in P pU and slightly acid soils, Blue ge, Appalachian Plateau
and rarely adj. provinces, Ga. to Ohio and Pa. me iim ough o ceurcung
pr.
locally in large ure for dd [ds repeated rooting of the E shoots; hav
ing developed the ability to apre E. itself in this manner, it produces Bed
only sparin xe
10. P. a L. Plant in an open-mat, ea 1 pod leaves somewhat per-
ee des the glabrate flowering- -shoots up t tall; leaf-blades up to
10 em. long and to 4 em. wide, the lower BE "middle petioled, the upper sub-
Sio elliptic to A or ovate: cyme simple eorymbosely compound:
ealyx-tube 6-8 mm. and lobes 3-5 mm. Th tU toa or rarely
white, the eye slightly striate; tube 18-23 mm. long; ; lobes 10-15 mm. long.—
(MouNTAIN-PHLOX.)—Thicke ts and open woods, rather acid soil, higher
ee to — dcs an ~ 24 New England Upland, Ga. to E Ind.
E r.— —Spee s lacking the decumbent stems tipped
s Deu a p are difficult to distinguish aon the next-following species,
which this is probably ancestra
11. P. carolina L. Plant tufted, puberulent or sometimes nDe the stems
up E^ oo ee und em. x often purple- e leaf-blades up to 12
em and 35 vide, t ower linear but the upper usually o
ously pee elliptic lanceolate T vate: cymes in a pe mb or broad eorym-
bose paniele, exeeptiona ally conical: calyx-tube usually £6 mm. and lobes 2.5-
. long: a de m
4.5
ate; tube 15- 26- mm. ps lobes 7-15 mm. long.—(THICK-LEAP PHLOX.)—Open
woods and occasionally meadows, in subacid soil, chiefly in the Blue Ridge and
EM EY Ed but oeeasionally in Pie 'dmont or even Coastal Plain,
to Miss., S Ind. and W Md.—Late spr.-fa ali. —Represents an apparent
intermediate a Nos. 10, 12 and 13, and grades into them in some col-
onies.
12. P. glaberrima L. Plant tufted, glabrous or essentially so, the stems all
erect, up to 60 (rarely 100) cm. tall: leaf-blades up to 15 em. long and to 15
SOLANACEAE 1105
mm. wide, often numerous aaah ges below, remote above, obscurely peti-
oled, linear to lanceolate: cymes in a corymb or short, ae orgie interrupted
panicle: ee x-tube 3- nn mm inem the dee: somewhat horte i olla a ae
often pale thou ugh pud white, the eye faintly e tube yee . lon
lobes variable in length — (S) MOOTH-PHLOX.)—-Roadsides, a and “open
woods, various provinces, Fla. to E Tex., Wise. an a SE Va.—Late spr.—
P. maculata L. Plant tufted, the erect stems up to 125 cm. tall, often
purple-streaked: leaves numerous but scarcely n geris subsessile, sca-
brous- silicate, AE to 12 em. long and to 25 (rare y 35) m . wide, linear to
ovate: eym a panicle 3-80 em. d its bdo exceptionally eects
the subtendime 1 leaves: ealyx-tube 4-5 mm. and lobes 2.5-3.5 mm. long: e
purple to white, the eye faintly striate; tube 18-24 mm. long; lobes 8-10 m
long.—(MxApow PHLox. —Damp thickets, d and moist open CRUS
in circumneutral soil, various provinces, N. o E , Minn, S. Que., and
W Conn.—Late spr —early fall.—The purple streaks on the stem, althou ugh often
striking, are not diagnostic for this spec n some occurrences, especially
those with white flowers, they are oue while oiher r species of "the genus,
and in partieular P. carolina, of which P. maculata appears to be a direct
ep Eg. may be o streaked. The non- recognition of this fact has
led to many erroneous reports of the occurrence of this species in our region,
whereas dt seems to be one of the rarest.
14. P. amplifolia Britton. Plant tufted, the stems up to 125 em. tall, often
purple-streaked: leaves up to 18 em. lo wide, with short broad
petioles widening abruptly into d bois blades ee te or usually hirsute
with coarse hairs above, and e-pubescent bene mes in a fair
large subeorymbose panicle, the puse subtending its purs branches ch
reduced and the bractlets very small: calyx-tube lob bout as
long: corolla pale-purple or rarely white; tube about 2 long; lobes 9 mm
g.— EAF PHLOX.)— Open woods and thickets, various provi
of Coastal Plain, t S Ind., and x S ly fall.—This
Speeies has been confused with the next following, and was no doubt derived
from the same ancestor, but is quite distinct in asp
15. P. paniculata L. ped tufted, the stems up to 150 em. tall: leaves numer-
ous, rather crowded, often subopposite: blades somewhat petioled, undu-
late-margined, glabron S or ‘puberulent, up to 18 em. long and 4 (rarely 5) em.
wide, elliptic: es in orymbose panicle 5-35 em. long, the branches often
exceeding ie subtending leaves, the braetlets rather conspicuous: ealyx-tube
Hn and lobes 3-6 mm. long: corolla purple to white, the eye often distinct;
long; pus 9-11 mm. long.—(PERENNIAL GARDEN-PHLOX.)—
T hickets along streams and damp woods, often in ecireumneutral soil, vario
provinces, N Ga. to Miss., E Nebr., and S N. Y.—Sum.-fall.—P. pan nicula m is
extensively cultivated, the majority of the garden forms of perennial phlox
aving arisen from it or its hybrids with other species, and a escapes.
—P. acuminata Pursh., with the leaves copiously soft- To beneath and
CACATE on the stem as angles, may not be specifically distinc
Famity 6. SOLANACEAE — Porato FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed
or o Calyx of 5, (4-6), more or less united sepals. Corolla o
(4-6), more or less united petals. Androecium of 5, (4-6), stamens, the
filaments ud adnate to n corolla-tube. Gynoecium 2-ca ary or
3-5-carpellary. Fruit a berry or a ae ule.—About 75 genera and I 150
species, ne abundant in A tropics
70
1106 SOLANACEAE
Fruit a ber
Corolla. S llcatas lobes usually induplieate.
Corolla little, if at an pii cate; lobes imbricate, valvate, or
he lower part of the corolla-tube :
ate.
r part- om the corolla-
: stamens
pibus turgid: stamens include
Fruit a capsu
Capsule prickie-armed: calyx circumscissile at the base.
Capsule unarmed: calyx not circumscissile.
oy rs in racemes or panicles: filaments nearly equal
Flowers atte in the axils or opposite the leaves: fila-
nts unequal in length.
I. SOLANEAE
Berry enclosed in e acerescent calyx.
C e Roca fr n La anthers not connected; sacs
Berry seated in the
little a dab S axospeionali» en-
Ad: ed in species of Solanum) : con
anthers eonnate or
erging.
dur sacs commonly opening by terminal To or slits.
Anther-sacs opening lengthwise and introrsely.
II. CAP AE
Anthers converging around the pe „corolla. urceolate.
Anthers not converging: corolla ro
a Poss
Shrubs with herbaceous or suceder. leaves.
IV. CESTREA
Shrubs or trees: flowers in axillary clusters, pom aggre-
gated in a terminal panicle or corymb.
V. DAT
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, usually jd Sono flowers often
fragrant, the corolla usually shov
VI. p IANE
Herbs, nm e with p clainmy-pubescent stems
ed ues es: flowers few or the icles or
ra
VII. PETUNIEAE
Herbs with elammy-pubescent stem and leaves:
nelform, showy.
1. PHYSALODES Boehm. Annual herbs.
Flowers axillary, nodding.
corolla fun-
surrounded by the pcd m species.
1. P. Physalodes (L.) Bri
m.
nearly glabrous, 3-9 d WA
ovate, oval, or elliptie, 5-15 em.
late-l r sinuate: 15.€
becoming 3.5 em. long: lobes broadly ovate:
corolla blue or violet, about 2.5
berry 1.5-2 em. ‘dia meter. '
Physalodes Pers.] — (APPLE-OF-PERU.)—
UR
Fence-rows, waste-grounds
various nee Ala. to Miss. and S Can
Nat. of Peru.—Sum.
I. SOLANEAE.
II. CAPSICEAE.
III. ATROPEAE.
IV. CESTREAE.
V. DATUEREAE.
VI. NICOTIANEAE.
VII. PETUNIEAE.
1. PHYSALODES.
2. PHYSALIS.
3. ANDROCEBA.
4. SOLANUM.
5. LYCOPERSICON.
6. PERIZOMA.
7. CAPSICUM.
8. LYCIUM.
9. CESTRUM.
10. DATURA.
11. NICOTIANA.
12. PETUNIA.
Leaf-blades sinuate or lobed.
x acerescent: lobes cordate or sagittate con-
SOLANACEAE 1107
2. PHYSALIS L. Annual or perennial branching, often diffuse herbs.
Leaf-blades entire or sinuate. wers axilary, nodding, mostly solitary.
Calyx bladder-like at maturity: lobes short and conver d Corolla cam-
panulate, mainly yellow or whitish, often dark in the cen Ovary 2-celled.
Berry globular, enclosed in the papery calyx.—About 80 species, oa Ameri-
can.—Sum., or all year S.—GROUND-CHERRIES. JERUSALEM-CHERRIE
Annual plants, with much branched roots
Fruiting calyx sharply 5-angled, deeply sunken at the base: calyx-lobes at flower-
g time fully as long as the tube. I. PUBESCENTES.
l in m
Fruiting calyx obtusely or indistinctly 5- or 10-angled:
calyx-lobes at flowering time epee than the tube
(except sometimes in P. Carpenteri).
Leaf-blades acute: flowers solitary in the axils. II, ANGULATAE.
Leaf-blades rae aod sud often pieces III. CARPENTERIANAE.
Perennial plants, with horizontal r
ubescence of simple Dur
Pu A dS sparse, Seldom if at all glandular or vis-
IV. LANCEOLATAE.
Pubescence ag viscid or glandular, generally a
re of fine short hairs and long flat-jointed
oe
ones.
Pubescence mainly of stellate hairs. VI. VISCOSA
z PUBESCENTES
Plants more or less viscid pubescent.
Fruiting calyx not long- a leaf-blades very oblique.
Leaf-blades ovate, subentire at the base: stem slen-
der, diffuse, sharply angled. 1. P. pubescens.
Leaf- blades cordate, strongly sinuately toothed to the'
bas stem obtusely angled.
henge. broadly rounded, cordate, 2-5 em. long:
stem weak, diffuse 2. P. floridana.
Leaves elongated, cordate: 4-10 em. long: stem
out. 3. P. pruinosa.
ruitin calyx long-acuminate: leaf-blades scarcely .
oblique at the base, cordate, abruptly acuminate. 4. P. barbadensis.
Plants glabrous or puberulent when young. b. P. turbinata.
II. ANGULATAB
Plant Dae and more or less viscid. 6. P. missouriensis.
Plant glabrou 7 P. angulata.
III. CARPENTERIANA
Plant resembling that of Solanum nigrum in habit, p leaf-
blades thin. 8. P. Carpenteri.
IV. LANCEOLATAE
Leaves glabrous: upper part of the stem, calyx and veins of
the leaves with few, if any, Short appressed hairs. 9. P. subglabrata.
Leaves pu. stem sparingl hairy with longer, flat, spread-
in reflexed, oiten jointed, hairs (some of the
g
pac cics ae slightly viscid).
Fruiting calyx ovoid, scarcely angled and scarcely sunken
at the base: leaf-bladcs thick, subentire. 10. P. lanceolata.
Fruiting calyx pyramidal, more or less 5-angled and
E sunken ka the base: leaf-blades thin.
Fruiting calyx oid-pyramidal: leaf-blades nose
ovate or Joco A tapering at the ds
Leaf-blades more or less Eu dent dec.
Calyx strigose or puberu : 11. P. virginiana.
Calyx villous. 12. P. monticola.
Leaf-blades subentire or wavy margined.
Leaf-blades firm: plant not at all viscid. 13. P. rigida.
gear oe very thin: plant more or less vis-
above when youn 14. P. intermedia.
Fruiting Cale oblong-pyrami idal or nearly cylindrical:
m oo ades broadly ovate, truncate or cordate at
Leaf- blades rather firm, reticulate: stem and
leaves puberulent. 15. P. arenicola.
1 Contributed by the late Per Axel Rydberg.
1108 SOLANACEAE
Leaf-blades very thin, the veins not prominent:
stem and leaves pilose. 6. P. ciliosa.
V. HETEROPHYLLAE
Leaf- pns generally over 5 e Pees more or less cordate.
ded.
X,
and teeth of the fou es ro T. P. sinuata.
4 es and aia (if any) of the leaves acutish to acu-
mina
Stem dsi and leaves more sparingly pubescent
with very long (2 mm. or m white hairs.
Stem erect: anthers purple: f-blades rounded
or subeordate at the base. 8. P. ambigua.
Stem spreading: anthers yellow : um blades usu-
ally cuneate or acute a e bas . P. nyctaginea.
Stem and leaves very doncc nhe cent with short,
very viscid hairs: anthers yellow. 20. P. heterophylla.
Leaf- blades generally 5 cm. long or less : stem with long
ha 6. P. ciliosa.
VISCOSAE
Plants densely ar ae pubescent or grayish pubescent.
Hairs all stella
Le af-bl ru p reniform or round, angulately
too 21. P. mollis.
Leaf- blades elliptic, sometimes cordate at the base, to
oblanceolate, subentire T repand. 22. P. viscosa.
Hn: d simple, partly stellate: leaf-blades elliptic,
ubenti 93. P.fuscomaculata.
Plants uenis ne rous, except on the margins of the calyx-
lobes, rarely stellate all over when young.
Leaf-blades oblong, oblanceolate or spatulate, the lateral
veins distin 24. P. Elliottii.
Leaf-blades linear, thick; midrib prominent, the lateral
veins obsol 25. P. angustifolia.
1. P. pubescens L. Stem more or less villous and viscid: leaf-blades thin 2-6
ng, ovate, a minate, repand-denticulate or entire, pubescent,
nate, m
d id dunes, fields
us pore es, Fla.
— (IF. I., Mez., C. P
De s d Rydb. Stem densely villous
with long white viscid hairs: leaf-blades
ipee cordate, 2-5 cm. le coarsely
eolate, :
corolla 6-8 mm. bro ad, B with purple spots: anthers purplish: fruiting
calyx 2-2.5 em . long, 5-angled, deeply retuse at the base.—Pinelands and ham-
moeks, Fla.
a L. Stem more hairy and viscid than in the two preceding and
the next follo owing species, stout, generally erect or often ascending, finely
viscid: leaf-blades ovate- -cordate 3-10 em. long, finely pubescent,
T nate: toothed; a villous or ua dad as long as the tube,
narrow, but without subula te tips; corolla 3-8 road, yellow: anthers
yellow or purplish: fruiting calyx of a little ier ne and more pubescent
than that of the two preceding species, reticulate, ae em. long, ovoid-cor ~
Rich soil and sandy woods, various provinces, Fla. to Ala., Ia., and Mas
SOLANACEAE 1109
P. barbadensis Jacq. Stem generally pubescent and viscid, stouter E
those of P. pubescens, tall and ereet, or widely spreading: leaf- bla des 3-6 e
long, cordate, acute or generally UE ly aeuminate, sharply repand- ds
pubeseent with short hairs: ealyx rally pus viseid- art lobes Ecc
late, acuminate, but not DUC (rir d a olla 5-10 m . broa d, yellow
anthers purplish: pna calyx 2.5-3 em. long, i aln most conica 1
reticulate, retuse at the base.—Rich soil, often in a woods, and waste- -places,
various provinces, Fla., to Tex, Mo., and Pa. alis Mena Ce A SeA)
. turbinata Medie. Stem glabrous, or minutely puberulent when young
a ; r :
minutely cilia te on the m ee and veins or glabrate: calyx-lobes lanceolate,
i corolla 8-10 mm. broad, yellow with purplish spots: fruiting calyx
3—3.5 em. lo nen long- p almost pyramidal, deeply retuse at the bas
Rich MC and thickets, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Pa.—(W. I.,
Mex.)
P. missouriensis Buch. Stem villous with short hairs, sometimes slightly
viscid, spreading, often zigzag: leaf-blades 1-8 em. long, ovate, acute,
; ir
villous; ular:
olla 3-8 mm. broad, yellow, viua with a dark center: anthers generally
yellow: fruiting ealyx = 5-2 em. long, globose-ov fee nearly filled with the berry,
not nen at the bas [P. Lagascae Rydb. n t R. & S.]—Rieh soil and open
woods, Coastal Plain, Pla. and Ala.—(W. I. een |
P. angulata L. Stem glabrous, often diffuse: leaf-blades ovate, 4—7 em.
long, B a more or less euneate base, sharply sinuate, with acuminate teeth,
thin: calyx glabrous; lobes t TM to lanceolate, generally shorter than the
tube: ee olla 5- a em. br ie yellow: hne more or less purplish: fruiting
ealyx about a . long, o oid, not pro ently 5—10 angled, sometimes purple-
nerved and a ene th eae filled with | the yellow Pr em h soil, er and
pastures, various provinces, rarely ai is Plain, Fla. / Min and
W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A., O. W.)—Forms occur in S dnd with je to
laneeolate sinuate leaf- blades.
8. P. Carpenteri Riddell. Stem aes anes and finely Despite leaf-
blades very thin, oval or a abrup ntracted into a mination,
entire or sligh tly et rly gla 2 or puber A A e don. 1 em.
broad, open-campanulate: ms x d only 1 . in diameter, nearly
globose, scarcely angled, faintly nerved, the lobes Someries very unequal.—
Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La. and Ark.
9. P. subglabrata Mackenzie & Bush. Stem glabrous or sparingly hairy,
especially ppl with short appressed hairs: leaf-blades ovate ovate-lanceo-
late, 2.5—7.5 em. long, undulate or entire, oblique and diapers d or Pu acum :
the bas se, gla oe ous or with a few scattered hairs on the veins: calyx 6-8 m
long, appressed-hairy o n the veins and at the base; cs triangular, ‘about the
length of the tube: ET tron with a e 10—15 . bro
fruiting ealyx ovoid, slightly depressed at the base, pos iue MES
soil roadsides, fields, pu M -bottoms, bn provinees N of Coastal Plain,
Tenn. to Ark., Nebr., Ont.
P. lanceolata Michx. Stem sparingly hirsute with flat hairs, at first erect,
later spreading or diffuse: leaf-blades broadly oblanceolate or spatulate, taper
ing into the petiole, acute or obtuse, nearly always entire, rarely wavy, but n
1110 SOLANACEAE
sinuate-toothed, thickish, sparingly pubescent with short hairs: calyx strigose
or villous, rarely gla rl us; lobes triangular-lanceolate: corolla dullish- shaadi
with a s cen about 1.5 em. broad: fruiting calyx round-ovoid,
sunken at the base, ponas 10-angled.—Prairies, bluffs, and sandy si
sides, Sm bicis rarely Coastal Plain, S. C. to N. Mex., Wyo., and Ill.
11. P. virginiana Mill Stem pubescent with appressed hairs, sometim
somewhat glandular, or in some forms nearly glabrous: lea -blades Sa
re o
inces, Fla. to La., Colo., Man., and (
12. P. monticola C. Mohr. Stem strigose below, villous above with simple
flat jointed hairs: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or elliptie, 2-6 em. long, repand, with
the teeth obtuse or rarely aeutish, slender- -petioled: calyx villous; lobes Bod
laneeolate: corolla dingy-yellow, with a purplish center: anthers pale-yellow:
fruiting calyx ovoid, acuminate, obtusely 5-angled, dee osly sunken at the base.—
Exposed gravelly or "rocky places, Piedmont to Appalachian Plateau, Ala.
19; P. rigida Pollard & Ball. ae strict, more or less branching, hispid-
ia with flat hairs, especially above: leaf- blades firm, ovate-lanceolate,
argined, densely pubescent when young, tapering at both ends: calyx
Pub with flat hairs, especially on the veins and at the base: lobes tri-
em. wide
a lla 1-1.
nearly glabrous, obscurely 10-ang 2,5-3 em. long, somewhat retuse at the
base.—Roadsides and waste- ud tx Plain, Miss. to La., Ark., and Tenn
14. P. intermedia Rydb. Stem with pe hairs and somewhat viscid, prend
cute, 4—
on the upper parts: leaf-blades ovate or ovate- lan ipid . long,
often d. at e Rs slightly Bu othed or a entire, a thin,
light green, puber or glabrate: ealyx puberulent or pur s lobes broadly
lanceokate, buds t mE the tube: corolla sulphur-yellow with purplish spots,
oad: anthers yellow: fruiti ng calyx ovoid, slightly 5-angled and
slightly sunken E the base.—Thickets and dry hillsides, various provinces, Fla.
, ind.,
15. P. arenicola Kearney. Stem diffuse, light- E p but sometimes
a little glandular, with a m longer hairs on the es of the calyx: leaf-
blades relatively 'small, 1.5-6 em. long, but som Pon 8 em., ovate-cordate,
truneate or cuneate at the A irregularly i ied -dentate, puberulent, mainly
along the veins, which are generally prom ent and conspicuous; deuda -lobes
iio leer ages veal equalling the tube in “len = corolla 1.5-2 em. broad,
light yellow: an yellow: fruiting calyx 3 ong, narrowly ps or
t ye
rather ellipsoid ae midal or nearly eylindrie, cons cues i cutn —Pine-
lands, serub, sandhills, and Ee Gan Fla.
6. P. ciliosa Rydb. Stem upright, 2-3 dm. tall, together with the eee
and ealyxes ciliate with long and white jointed hairs: leaf-blades 4-7 cm. long,
ovate, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, nearly entire or with a few
coarse teeth, sparsely hairy on the nerves, long-petioled, thin and not eonspicu-
x turbi ing enic j
S : ealy ng that o more :
corola funnelform-eampanulate, yellow without dark markings: fruiting
ealyx ovoid-pyramidal, sunken at the base.—Thickets, hammocks, and borders
f woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tenn. and Ga.
SOLANACEAE . 1111
17. P. sinuata Rydb. Stem decumbent, villous with long flat hairs and den
viscid: leaf- cds rounded ovate, very obli ique at the base and often subcordate
pubescent with long flat hairs especially on n the veins, ap aie, undulate-sinu ate:
calyx densely koran with flat hairs and viscid; lobes ra en Ps -lanceolate,
about equalling the tube: corolla ee with darker spots: fruiting calyx and
berry unknown. and: (?), Fla.
18. P. ambigua (A. Gray) Britton. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, light green, villous
wit g flat s: leaves with the finer pubescence sparse; blades over 5
long, thin, light-green, 2s scarcely at all viscid, ovate or cordate, somewhat
sinuately d or ne entire, acute, but l minate: calyx villous;
i oothe |
lobes triangular, gen nu shorter than the tube: corolla 1.5-2 em. broad, yellow
with ae E ; wed generally purple: fruiting calyx ovoid, somewhat
sunken se.—Rich soil, especially in thickets, various provinces N of
Coastal "Plain Tenn. to ls. ES and Va.
E a Niue ago Dunal. Stem puberulent and villous with long flat hairs
hat viscid, generally zigzag: ie Sa Ms Lips ovate, often
obligue, but LAM rarely cordate at the bas r less acu mu , mostly
entire, or occasionally sinuately dentate and Pc thick, preise hairy, not
at all pube PIRE the long hair rs often confined to the veins of the lower sur-
face: ealyx villous; lobes triangular, shorter Ue the tube: corolla 1-1.5 em.
broad, yellow with darker d anthers yellow: fruiting calyx ovoid, 5-angled
d sunken at the base.—Dry soil, often in pinelands, various provinces, Ga. to
La., Ia., and R. I
20. P. heterophylla Nees. Stem erect, or later generally decumbent and
spreading, viscid and glandular, villous with moderately long, jointed flat hairs:
leaf-blades generally over 5 cm. long, gen erally broadly eordat e, pid acute
u y rarely with a t
S
e long-villous; lobes triangular, generally shorter than the tube: d
—1.5 em. broad, yellowish: anthers yellow: fruiting calyx 2.5-5 em. long, ovoid
to conic- "pend jon hut sunken at the base.—Woods, sandy ui and alluvial
banks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Sask., and N. B.—Plan 5 with leaves up
to 10 em. in diameter sometimes occur on the Florida m
21. P. mollis Nutt. Stem 3- 6 em. ugh densely whitish- or grayish-tomen-
tose with stellate aba leaf-blades rounded cordate or the upper broadly
ovate, coarsely sinuately toothed: calyx Te ely stellate; pu zu gen-
erally a little shorter than the tube: eorolla 1.5-2 n dia , bright-
yellow and with a purplish center, more or less stellate. ‘pubescent M Bon:
anthers Pat or tinged with purple: b cR 3-5 em. long, ovoid, acumi-
nate, slightly 5 -angled a nd a little sunken at the base. ~ thickets, oo Da
and pinelands, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Calif., and EM i
22. P. viscosa L. Stem slender, creeping, einereous with a dense stellate
rds cence or in age rarely glabra ate : leaf-blades elliptie, oval, or ovate, obtuse,
thinnish, entire or undulate calyx. stellate-pubescent; lobes triangular, gen-
erally shorter than the tube: Nos E x with a darker center,
1.5-2 em. broad: fruiting calyx 2-2.8 em. long, rounded-ovoid, scarcely sunken
at the base.—Coastal sand-dunes, eae woods near the coast, pinelands and
prairies, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
23, P. fuscomaculata De Rouv. Stem decumbent or ascending, terete, with
decurrent ridges, a little pruinose. ud leaf-blades 2—4 cm. long, ovate, some
what oblique at the base, entir repand, the upper often opposite: calyx
pruinose, a little stellate iud stellate. ciliate; lobes triangular, shorter than the
1112 SOLANACEAE
bed corolla yellow, with a dark eye: fruiting calyx subglobose, 10-angled,
mewhat sunken at the base.—Waste-plaees and ballast, Mobile, Ala. Nat. of
ee
24. P. Blliottii Kunze. Stem ascending d ad ene or glabrate,
3-5 dm. tall sparingly stellate-pubescent when young: leaf-blades very thin and
nA elliptic, d broadly oblan E or in [sariani om ens bro 2
val, wavy-margined, Rees inged petiole: calyx generally
glabrous pO the margin which is ine ciliate: il triangular: corolla
broad, yellow, with dark center: fruiting c ealyx generally a little
a pons in the next following species.—Coastal sand dunes and pinelands,
Fla. to Tex
25. P. angustifolia Nutt. Stem often glabrous, or em ms i
young, diffusely branched: rp iq linear or linear-ob ing
into the petiole, n thiekish; the veins, except the midrib, a d
lete: ealyx glabro xcept n — ciliate margins of the rounded tri-
angular lobes: corolla pues 2 em. broad, yellow, with purple center: anthers
i l;
yellow: fruiting calyx small, 1.5-2 em. long, ovoid, obscurely angled and
scarcely sunken K the base. — Sea- beaehes and eoastal sand-dunes, Fla. to La.
ANDROCERA Nutt. Annual herbs, usually prickle-armed. Leaf-
blades once or twice pinnatifid. Flowers in erect cymes. Calyx spreading,
accrescent, densely prickly. Corolla rotate,
5-lobed, yellow, purple, or violet. Stamens
5: anthers very unequal, the lowest one much
the longest, all opening by terminal pores.
Berry dry, closely invested by the calyx.— `
Three or 4 species, in western North America.
A. rostrata a Rydb. Herbaceous
S-
ate
ine ovate ee lanceolate, shorter than the
tube: berry enclosed. [Solanum rostratum Dunal. re -BUR. )—Waste
Ed roadsides, and along railroads, various provinees, 2 to N. Mex. Wyo. i
N. Dak., and Tenn. ; Adv. eastward ‘to Fla. and N. H.—(Mez.)—Spr. -fa l.
OLANUM [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs, or vines or trees.
Leaf- L P entire, od or lobed. Flowers variously clustered. Calyx
sometimes slightly accrescent. Corolla rotate, of various colors: lobes longer
than the tube. Anthers narrow, converging or united, much longer than the
filaments. Berry exposed.—About 1,000 species, widely distributed, most
abundant in tropical America.—NIGHTSHADES.
Woody, at least partly so, vine, with climbing often twining stem and branches.
I. DULCAMARA.
Herbs or erect shrubs or trees, rarely somewhat twining in
amense.
Annual RUN. perennial herbs.
An
"Plants not prickly. II. NIGRA.
Plants prickly.
Corolla plicate in the bud: plant annual. III. SISYMBRIIFOLIA.
SOLANACEAE 1113
rolla not plicate: plant perennial. IV. ACULEATISSIMA.
Perennials, ee -armed. V. CAROLINENSIA
Shrubs or tre
Plants E Oron VI. GLAUCA.
Plants ee i.
Cymes o ng peduncles: berries nodding:
anne tapering at the apex. VII. BAHAMENSIA.
Cymes on erect peduncles or Pa i berries
erect: anthers blunt at the apex. IIT. VERBASCIFOLIA.
Cymes terminal: anthers short, ellipsoid.
Cyines lateral: anthers Jong, nearly linear. IX. TORVA.
I. DULCAMAR
Eo entire and ovate to lanceolate or with 2
sal lobes or divisions: berries in drooping clusters. 1. S. Dulcamara.
NIGRA
Foliage glabrous or nearly so: cörolla 6-8 mm. broad:
calyx- lobes spreading at maturity. 2. S. nigrum.
Foliage puberulent or finely pubescent: corolla 8-10 mm.
al es appressed to the berry.
Stem and branches sparingly Doos pubescent. 3. S. gracile.
Stem and branches villous-tomentos 4. S. alatum.
III. SISYMBRIIFOLIA
Rather coarse plant: stem, branches, leaves, and calyx MEN
armed with flat yellow or yellowish prickles. 5. S. sisymbriifolium.
IV. ACULEATISSIMA
sei ace acute: corolla less than 3 em. wide, glabrous
ith few long hairs without: “lobes lanceolate: calyx
AA 6. S. aculeatissimum.
un obtuse: corolla over 8 em. wide, tomentulose
ithout; lobes deltoid: calyx tomentulose. 7. S. Melongena.
CAROLINENS
Foliage green or brown: uode broad: fcd stout,
much flattened.
Corolla 2-2.5 cm. wide: pedicels and calyx prickly:
berry 1-1.5 cm. in diameter.
Leaf- blades undulate or angulately lobed. 8. S. carolinense.
Leaf-blades pinnatifid. 9. S. floridanum.
Corola 4-5 em. wide: pedicel and calyx not prickly:
berry 2.5-4 cm. in diameter 10. S. perplezum.
Foliage Fives leaf-blades narrow: prickles slender, not
flattened. 11. S. elaeagnifolium.
VI. GLAUCA
Corolla 11-14 mm. wide: berry mainly over 1 cm. thick:
leaf-blades with pale margins. 12. S. Pseudo-capsicum.
Corola 25-30 mm. wide: berry mainly less an 1 cm.
thick: leaf-blades without distinct mar rgin 13. S. glaucum.
VII. BAHAMENSIA
Shrub or rarely a vine, with prickly stems and branches,
and often with prickles on the more or less harshly
pubescent leave 14. S. bahamense.
VIII. VERBASCIFOLIA
Corolla-lobes ovate to oval-ovate: ovary pubescent: berry
yellow 15. S. verbascifolium.
Corolla-l lobes linear linear-lanceolate or lanceolate:
ovary glabrous: berry red. 16. S. Blodgetti.
IX. ToR
Corolla 15—20 mm. wide: leaf- blades NIS enin 17. S. torvum.
Corolla 8-14 mm. wide: leaf-blades nearly sessile by
cuneate base. 18. S. jamaicense.
1. S. Duicamara L. Partially ee climber: leaf-blades ovate, 3-10 em.
long, entire or with 1 or 2 basal lobes, thin: corolla white or purple, 8-10 mm
long; lobes lanceolate to elliptic- doce ate: berry oval, 9—15 mm. lo ong.—(Brr-
TERSWEET.)—-Roadsides, thickets, and waste- es various ‘provinces rarely
1114 SOLANACEAE
o Plain, Ga. to Kans. , Minn., and N. B.
of Eu. —Sum.—fall.
L. Herbaceous annual, 1-12
dm tall: leaf-blades ipid to e ‘ovate,
eeply repand:
Q
Qu
58
a
k.
(COMMON E.) — Fiel thickets,
cult. POEM and waste- -places, various prov-
inces, U. S. om S Bi ccn d , Mez.,
C. 4. S. 4. O. ] J.)—Spr.-
S. gracile Link. Herbaceous annual,
lu dm pen s blades lanceolate to o d
or ellipte- ovate, 2.5-11 em. long, u paca repand: e ealyx-lobes fully 1.5 mm.
long: ate white ee bluish oe lanceolate . elliptic-lanceolate: berry sub-
globose, 6-10 meter r, blaek.—Pinelands, coastal sand-dunes, and
Mesa cem near a coe Fla. to Ta and N. C.—Spr.-fall, or all year south-
ard.
S. 8 dm
em unu leaf- hades een suborbic ular, 1-4 em. long, obtuse or acute,
coarsely eua ipu long-petioled: calyx Ei pubescent; lobes ovate,
about as long as the tube: cor rolla Bea about 8 mm. wide; lobes ovate, ciliate:
berry scarlet, 7 A mm. diamete = BORES cult. grounds, and waste-
places, N Fla. —Nativity uc
um Moe Annual, erect, villous disse. Stems mostly 2-
lon
Ss. sisymbriifolium Lam. Herbaceous annual 3-7 dm. tall, villous: leaf-
blades elliptic to oval in outline dune -pinnatifid, 8-20 em. long: calyx spinescent;
id lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long: ws white or light-blue, 3-4 cm. uve lobes
ovate: gynoeci ium aee ent: berr E 5-20 mm: in diameter, red.—Was te places,
Mute and river- od Coastal Plain, Fla. to La., and contiguous regions
Nat. of S. Am.—(W. I.)
6. S. aculeatissimum Jacq. Partially woody perennial 3-8 dm. tall, often
sparingly pubescent: leaf- ae pu to suborbieular in outline, angulately
othed or sinuate-pinnatifid, m. long: poe copiou n spinescent: lobes
iq iE to elliptic- E. or yeu about 2 mm. long: ded white, 12-18
— lobes S e: gynoecium Dogs "berr | g 6e in diam eter,
s s ange, or Er ODE -APPLE.)— Sandy ai, M thickets, pur
S. des
roadsides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Bus N. C.— —(W. I., Mex , C. A,,
Spr.—fall.
d S. Melon zena L. Partially woody cee or perennial, 3-9 dm. tall, felty-
mentose: leaf-blades oval to ovate, 8-30 cm. long, sinusted lobed or shallowly
BR ate- lobed: ealyx-lobes ovate, abruptly pointed, 9. paces m. long, pubescent:
corolla purplish or violet, except the yellow eye, 40—50 . wide; lobes deltoid:
berry ellipsoid or obovoi id, 5-30 em. long, ZETA Or gs ' edible.— ( Ecc-
PLANT. )—Cult. grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of Old World trop.
all.
. S. carolinense L. Herbaceous perennial, 2- d dm. tall, hirsute or rough-
pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to ovate in outline, 5— 12 cm. lon ng, sinuate or
deri sinuate-lobed, the lobes Ae a triangular E calyx spin ra lobes
lance late, often narrowly so, acuminate: corolla violet ps rarely white, 25—30
wide; lobes : berry glo a lar, 10-15 mm. in diameter, orange- ‘yellow.
Hoe -NETTLE. 7) thickets fields, and roadsides, various provinces,
Tex., and Ont.—
ee ee es te ts ee es et nee A oe ee ade RR eS eB ee
_ ns
SOLANACEAE 1115
9. S. floridanum Shuttlw. Similar to S. pii in habit: es Seni
;
t
oblong-lanceolate: gynoecium pubescent: berry globular, E mm. in diameter,
orange.—Sandy soil, iu in a. Fla.—Spr.-fall
S. perplexum ie e perennial, 5-8 dm. tall, villous-hirsutu-
ows leaf- Dea ovate or oval in outli e, prominently sinuate- lobed, mostly 5-20
. long, the lobes broadly ovate to ma ngular: calyx oye lobes a to
ace vere eolate: corolla I Or r nearly whit te, 35-40 mm. wide; lobes
ovate: berry depressed- ier , 30-40 mm. in en Pda yellow. * Pine. lands and
cult. pee Coastal Plain, N Fla. "CE S Ga. u
11. S. elaeagnifolium Cav. Partially woody perennial, 3-11 dm. tall, silvery- .
ee. leaf- Be broadly elliptic to linear- le 0— s em. long, undulate
or repan
ealyx-lobes linear-subulate from a bro ba 4—10 mm.
eorolla violet or Gren 2-25 mm. wide; lobes undulate, cach with a broad prn
and an ovate or triangular tip: berry globular 0—15 mm. in diameter, yellow
or black.— (WHITE HORSE-NETTLE .) —Roads ides, Rn Ends and waste-places,
various provinees, Tex. to Ariz., Kans., and Mo. Naturalized E to Fla.—Spr.—
all.
Pseudo-capsicum L. Shrub 8-19 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptie to
obiancelat, 3-10 em. long, undulate or repand: PE du n pede about
m. long, eciliate: corolla white, 11-14 m deis. lobes oval to ovate-oval,
E anthers elliptie: berry globose, 10— 15 m ae eee e. orange,
or yellow.—(JERUSALEM-CHERRY.)— —Roadsides, thickets, and open w voods, Coas-
tal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Na N of Eu.
13. S. m Dunal Woody uique. 9-25 dm. tall: leaf-blades narrowly
Fee p elliptic: eee 8-18 em. long, glabrous, entire: calyx 5 dines lo onger
wide, abruptly pointed, ciliate | at the tip: corolla blue, 25-3
eee roadly ovate, acute, ciliate at the tip: y glabrous: deben globose-
void, 6— m. in diameter, PE — Waste- Aa Pensacola, Fla. Nat.
S. Am.
14. S. bahamense L. Shrub with much-branched stem, 5-20 dm. tall: leaf-
d elliptic to oaa F 4—12 cm. long, thinly rough pubescent, un-
d alyx-lo to
elliptic- er as long the tube shorter
ment violet- d ub pale, 10-12 mm. wide ; M nens or "nearly so,
acute or sages anthers linear: ovary glabrous : berry red, 6- n diame-
ter.—Ham ~ and coastal sand-dunes, S pen. Fla. and Florida “Keys—_(V.
I.)—All a
15. S. verbascifolium L. Shrub 4-30 dm. tall or small tree: leaf-blades ellip-
tic to elliptic-ovate or ovate, 10-30 cm. long, uA “tomentose, entire: calyx-
lobes ovate, cili ate, obtuse: corolla white, 15-18 mm. wide; lobes ovate to oval-
ovate, aeutish, ciliate: uui ipe i i pubesce n berry globular, a 20
er, yellow.—(PoTATO-TREE. )— mocks, pinelan and road-
in
sides, pen. "Fla. and Florida Keys.— OF. T. Pos "C. A., S. A. ) —An ur
16. S. Blodgettii Me Shrub with simple or sparingly branehed stems,
3-38 dm es leaf-blades -~ often narrowly so, 5-15 cm. long, hoary-
scurfy and t mentulose, undul calyx-lobes elliptic: corolla white or bluish,
14-17 ae ; lobes ‘linear fo linear lanceolate or 2s obtuse: anthers
linear: ovary glabrous: berry red, mm. in diameter.—Hammocks and lime-
sinks in UEM] nee Keys, adj. Eder "Fla. and Florida Keys.—
OF. 1.) —A1 y
17. S. torvum ES Shrub with widely branched stems, the prickles straight or
nearly so: leaf-blades oval, varying to ovate or obovat ate, irregularly sinuate-
lobed, 7—25 cm. long: cymes mostly 5—10 em. wide: calyx-lobes ovate ds lanceo-
11160 SOLANACEAE
late: corolla white, 10-20 mm. wide; lobes Des = ee, -lanceolate:
9-14
anthers 5-6 mm. long ovar labrous: berry yellov mm. in diameter.—
( TURKEY- mF Roadsides, waste-places, and A pen. Fla a. Nat. o
W. L—(Mez., C. A., S. A.) —Spr.-fall.
18. S. jamaicense d Shrub with a much-branched stem and diffuse m
armed with flat somewhat curved prickles: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or oboy 'ate
in outline, shallowly lobed and somewhat rhombic, mostly 8-14 cm. long:
cymes 2- d 5 ¢ en calyx- e lanceolate: corolla white, 8-12 mm. wide;
TO bu eie. anthers about 4 mm. long: ovary gla abrous: berry red or
orange, 8-10 mm. in ! diameter —Roadsides and woods, in pen. Fla. Nat. of
W. I.—(Mez., C. A., S. A))—Spr.-fall.
5. LYCOPERSICON Mil. Annual or ibis heavy-seented herbs.
Leaf-blades 1-2-pinnately divi Flowers in eym Calyx not acereseent.
Corolla rotate, yellow: lobes (page: than the des species, tropical
American
Berry mor ss depressed, several-celled. 1. L. Lycopersicon.
Berry lobular Ane -like, 2.celled. 2. L.cerasiforme.
. L. Lycopersicon (L.) Karst. Plants clammy- pubescent, 3-12 dm. tall:
leaf-blades 1-4 dm. long, A o ovate to elliptic, coarsely E or
inci ute: corolla
(TOMATO. LOVE-APPLE.) — Cult. grounds,
Da e Li waste- o
Plain, Fla. Nat. of trop. Am
d —(W. L Bun
2. L. cerasiforme Dunal. Similar Bs the
preeeding species, = smaller and weaker:
leaves with many small Pd leaflet
Ea Ps larger ones: berry about 1-2
me
on e s
o o oil, hammocks and road-
sides, Flori Td Keys and S Tex. Nat. o
rop. Am
6. PERIZOMA Miers. Herbs or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades entire.
Flowers solitary in the axils. Sepals slightly united. Corolla white or yellow,
e
Ovary depressed. Stigma dilated.—One
species.
1. P. rhomboidea (Hook.) En vd
em. long.—Waste-places, Fla
SOLANACEAE 1117
Am.—Sum.-fall.—A related plant, Jaborosa integrifolia Lam. with prostrate
stems, long-petioled entire elliptie leaf-blades and greenish-white salverform
eorollas 7—10 em. long, has been found on ballast at Mobile, Ala. It is native
of S. Am. |
7. CAPSICUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs or shrubs, unarmed. Leaf-blades flat,
entire or repand. Flowers axillary or cymose. Calyx truncate or minutely
lobed. Corolla usually white, nearly rotate: lobes nearly as long as the tube.
Filaments adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube, glabrous: anthers longer
than the filaments. Ovary not depressed: stigma minute.—About 30 species,
mostly in tropical America.—CAYENNE-PEPPERS
p
—10 mm, long: anthers over 2 mm. long: annual introduced plant.
. C. annuum.
Corolla
~
Corolla 4—5 mm. long: P less than 2 mm. long: perennial
native hammo ek plant
Calyx markedly toothed p maturity: berry pce 2. l.
Calyx truncate at maturity: Ton ellipsoid to con 3. C. frutescens.:
C. bun Plants mostly 1 m. tall or less, with glabrous or nearly
et ie rane e blades ovate, ov pe or ovate- lanceolate, mostly 7-14 em.
long, acum E pedicels clava
calyx 3-4 mm long, ‘truncate’ corolla E
inkish, 7-10 long: lobes ovate,
fields, and oases cm Fla. Nat. o
and cult.—AlIl y
2. C. baccatum L. Stem 1—3 m. tall: leaf
blades ovate, s m to ovate-lanceo-
late, 2-5 em. long: s mainly 2.5-3 mm.
long: ees about 5 mm. long: berry 5-10
* on (Brnp- PEPPER. )—Hammocks
an ud ckets, pen. Fla. and the Keys. Also
xe. in cult. s and waste-places, W to Tex.—(W. I.)
3. C. frutescens L. Stem 0.5-2 m. s og Per ovate to Bird pae
1-3 em. long: ealyx ms 1.5-2 mm. long: corolla about 4 ong:
8-12 mm. long or longer, i -PEPPER. gas ocks, Scr Fla. and p
Keys.—(W. I.)
8. LYCIUM L. Shrubs or woody vines, commonly spiny. Leaf-blades
thick, sometimes terete, entire. Flowers axillary, sometimes clustered. Calyx
markedly lobed. Corolla white or colored, funnelform, salverform, or nearly
campanulate: lobes m than the usually short tube, or shorter nthers
shorter than the pubescent filaments. ig dilated.—About 75 species,
widely distributed.—MATRIMONY-VINES.— The purple corollas of some species
have the eurious habit of fading to a greenish-yellow or greenish-tan after the
pollen is shed from the anthers.
Leaf-blades flat: iE lobes shorter than the tube and throat. 1. L.halimifolium.
Leaf- an clavate: rolla-lobes longer than the tube and
2. L.carolinianum.
1118 SOLANACEAE
1. L. hal s Mill Shrub irregularly branched, sometimes vine-like:
leaves herbaceous, 1.5-5 em. long; Pun ees oval, ovate, lanceolate, or
spatulate: iab: e ovate to somewhat :
angular, eu: corolia purplish or Ls
ish; lobes 4-5 mm :
h; lob . long: berry oval or MX Wc
ovoid, orange or orange-red, 10-15 mm. \ 25 Ne ra
long. — (MATRIMONY-VINE. BOX-THORN.) — If zs
Thickets, M -places, c I ce-rows, vari- ;
ous provine Ga. to s, Minn, and
Ont. Nat. oË xe Mec
2. L. car pecie Walt. Shrub ae Seg
tall, with r ving branches: leaves succu
lent, 0.5-2 pes ETE ng: calyx-lobes deltoid or
triangular-ovate, acute: corolla blue or lilac,
3 rarely white; lobes 3-6 mm. ber try
—12 mm . long w^ CHRISTMAS-BERRY.
Coastal sand-dunes, shore-hammocks, shell- Ái
mounds, and Een N Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—(W. I.)—Spr.-fall, or all
year S. |
9. CESTRUM L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers in axil-
lary elusters, sometimes aggregated in a panicle or eorymb. Calyx markedly
lobed. Corolla white or colored, funnelform or salverform: lobes much shorter
than the tube. Filaments adnate to the middle of the corolla-tube or above it,
glabrous: anthers add Stigma enlarged.—About 150 species, tropical
American.
Corolla 15 mm. long or less: lobes as wide as long: filaments adnate to above the
middle of the corolla-tube. 1. CQ. diurnum.
Corolla 29 mm. long or more; lobes longer than wide: filaments
adnate to about the middle of the corolla-tube. 2. C. Parqui.
1. um L. Plant minutely pubescent, 1-2.5 m. tall: leaf- oodd eiliptie
to Kind eect 5-12 cm. long; ren mostly less than 10 mm. lon ng:
places, b Keys a and S. Tex
trop. A
2. Ee L'Her. nearly gla-
bro 1-2 tall: leaf- blades elliptic to
elliptic- lanceolate, aries em. long; oo
mostly over 1 ong: 4—4.5 m
long; E puts pua po deltoid 7
BLOOMING ` JESSA MINE.) — Woods, thickets,
waste- places, and roadsides, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex., and Ga. W. I.
10. DATURA L. Herbs (ours annual), or shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades
undulate or lobed. Flowers solitary in the axils. Calyx tubular, sometimes
prismatic, more or less lobed. Corolla white or colored, funnelform. Filaments
slightly unequal.—About 12 spceies, widely distributed.—Sum.-fall or all
year S.
¥
r
SOLANACEAE 1119
Capsule erect, dehiscent Biss 4 valves. I. STRAMONIA,
Capsule inclined or nodding, opening irregularly. II. DUTRA.
I. STR
Herb with n or lavender corollas and an with nearly
equal spin 1. D. Stramonium.
I. DU
Corolla, the outer one in double flowers, ei a D» toothed limb:
fruiting pedicel curved to one side: capsule with stout-
ce e-like prickles which are often corrugated at the
2. D. Metel.
Corolla with a 10-angled limb: fruiting pd abruptly nod-
ing: capsule with slender sharp pric B
Corolla-limb 5-toothed: foliage glaucescent. 3. D. meteloides.
Corola-limb 10-toothed: foliage softly-pubescent. 4. D. innovia.
D. Stramonium L. eode green or purple-tinged, 2-12 dm. tall: leaf- blades
ovate to elliptic, 10-20 cm. long, sinuate or laciniate- toothed: calyx 3-5 ec
long; lobes 5-7 mm. ino 4 the persistent
ase ultimately rn downward and
friled: corolla white, violet, or lavender,
5
» *.
JIMSON-WEED. JAMESTOWN-WEED. S
MONIUM.) — Cult. grounds, roadsides, and
waste-places, various. provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
t, and N. B.; also U. S. Nat. of
trop. Am.— (W. 1, Mez., C. A., S. A., Q.
W.)—Sum.—Th lavender- flowered variety
is sometimes inn as D. Tatula L.
. D. Metel L t 1-2 m. tall, glabrous
or nearly so: per blades a lanceo : i
elliptie or oval, 5—15 em. long, undulat
repand-dentate: calyx a 1.5 ¢ eee dod ovate to triangular-ovate: corolla
violet without, 14—18 e E ne. ca oval or ovoid, 4—6 cm. long. astu-
osa L.]—Hammoeks and Ls plazes, -o Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of
trop. Asia a Africa.—(W. I., Mes., C. A., S. A.)
3. D. meteloides Dunal. d 3-11 dm. tall, glaucescent: leaf-blades ovate
to oval-ovate, 10— ong, sinuate-toothe d: ca alyx 10-12 em. long; js
lanceolate: corolla white, suffuse ene idus lavender or violet, 15-20 em. long: cap
sule subglobose, 4—6 e n dia —River valleys, dry hills, and plains, PU
to Calif. and Colo. Naturalized e on eee ee E to Fla.— —(Mez , €. A., S. A.)
4. D. innoxia Mill. I 8-15 dm. tall, softly pubescent: leaf-blades ovate
to elliptic-ovate, 10-20 em. long, u ndulate or slightly angled: calyx 7-12 em
long; lobes lanceolate or vers gular-lanceolate: corolla white, 10-15 em. long:
capsule oval or globose-ovoid, about 3 cm. long. E U. 8.)]—
Roadsides and waste-places, a ay Plain and id England coast, Fla. to-
R. I. Nat. of trop. Am.— —(W.I , Mex., C. A., S. A., O. W.)
a
$ Ss
MT
ES
E
Du
RU
on
©
11. NICOTIANA L. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, mostly clammy-pubescent.
Leaf-blades entire or repand. Flowers in racemes or panicles. Calyx markedly
lobed. Corolla white or colored, tubular, funnelform, or salverform. Filaments
equal or nearly so.—About 50 species, mostly American.—TOBACCOS
erbs.
Corolla-tube stont, 2-5 times longer than the calyx. I. RUSTICAE.
rs E vey ‘slender, many times longer than the calyx. i ONS es
‘Shrubs or tre III. GLAU
1120 SOLANACEAE
I. Rv
E 5-8 em. long; limb becoming SD. CODES 15-20 mm.
1. N. Tabacum.
corolla 1—2 em. long: limb lurid yellow or greenish: capsule 8—10
. long. 2. N. rustica.
II. LONGIFLORAE
Leaf-blades sessile: calyx-lobes narrowed upward. 3. N. longiflora.
Leaf-blades clasping: calyx-lobes dilated upward. 4. N. repanda.
IIT. GLAUCA
Branches and leaves very glaucous: flowers on slender stalks, the
eorolla nearly tubular. 5. N. glauca.
1. m L. Stem 3-30 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptie or oval, nd
to mud Sen Wes the middle or below it, "a ute or aeuminate, those e of the ca
line leaves 1-3 dm. long, those of the bas
eaves nm
l ofte uc ger: ca
g; lobes lanceolate to triangular, shorter
than the tub olla greenish-white or
dap yellow; s turning purplish, 3-4.
vide, the somewhat reniform:
E ide ovoid, du. 20 mm. long.—Fields,
nena and waste- T various prov-
Nat. of trop. Am. and
E U.
gd cult. — Sum
2. N. aL. Stem 5-12 dm. tall: leaf-
blades lei 5-20 em. long, entire: calyx
; lo r
the tube: eorolla lurid yellow or - greenish,
15-20 mm. long; limb 10-15 mm. wide, the lobes "er eapsule ovoid to
globese-ovoid, 8-10 mm. long.—Fields and waste- -places, various provinces, Fla.
o Minn., Ont, and N. Y. Nat. of trop. Am
. N. longiflora Cav. Stem 3-11 dm. tall: leaf-blades ie à to elliptie, or
laneeolate to linear on o upper part of the stem, 8—2 ong, undulat
ealyx 10-12 mm. long, enlarging in age; lobes mainly shorter than the tube:
ages white or 'greenish- pen E purplish, 7—10.5 long; limb 2.5-3
vide, the lobes ovate to ovate- aren ate: capsu ule MI -ovoid, about 15
xd bas Wao ples. various pro s, E U. S. Nat. of S. Am. and cult.
Sum -Zall —A shorter- Nod :
only 15 or l5 as long as those of N. a and with usually broader leaf-
blades o n de lower eun 4 the stem, has been found on Key West, Fla. It
is dern in tropieal re
4. N. repanda Willd. Stem 3-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades suborbieular to oval-
elliptic, 5-15 em. long, repand: calyx 8—14 mm. long; lobes longer than the
tube: corolla white or tinged with pink; limb 1.5-2.5 em. wide, the lobes ovate:
eapsule ovoid, 8-10 mm. long. mud soil, Coastal Plain, Tex., and in waste-
plaees E to Fla. —(W. I., Mez.)— —Spr
5.. N. glauca ire Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic-ovate:
5-30 em. long or longer, undulate: calyx 11-15 mm. long; lobes lanceolate to
triangular: corolla yellow or yellowish, 35-45 mm. long; limb sles 10 mm.
wide, the lobes very small: capsule ovoid to o -ovoid, 10-12 mm. long.—
Waste-places, and roadsides, Fla. to Calif. Nat of S. Am —(W 7 Mez.,
0. W.
12. PETUNIA. Juss. Herbs. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers solitary in the
axils. Sepals united to below the middle. Corolla white or colored, funnel-
BORAGINACEAE 1121
form or salverform. Filaments unequal, 4 of them didynamous.—About 12
species, South American.
Corolla small, the limb less than 1 cm. wide. 1. P. parviflora.
Corolla large, the limb over 2 cm. wide.
Cor Ae white; tube cylindric, 3 or 4 times as long as the
2. P. axillaris.
Corolla. reddish- oo tube eampanulate, once or twice as
ng as the e 3. P. violacea.
1. parvifiora Juss. d pubescent: stems 1—4 dm. tall: leaf- blades
spatulate 2 P iue 1.5 e . long: calyx glandular-pubescent; lobes linear
lin uch ones: aed the »
tube po bou 5 mm. long; limb
6-8 mm. wi
ad long; abruptly pointe: capsules ovoid,
3—4 m oil, waste- ps and
cult. gro ur. Coastal Plain, and Basin-and-
ng
—(W. Ï., Mex., C. A., S. A.) —Spr.—fall.
2. P. axillaris (Lam.) da Stem and
branches rather stout, clam my-pubescent:
leaf- blades elliptie to ovate-ellipt ic, 3-6 em
ong, those of E lower leaves with stout
petiole-like bases: calyx 1.5-2 cm. long;
lobes mostly elliptic: corolla white, almost
salverform; limb mostly 4-6 em. wide.—
Cult, grounds and waste-places, E U. S. Nat. of Argentina.—Sum.
3. P. violacea Lindl. Stem and branches slender: leaf-blades n nA K oval,
varying to obovate or ovate, 2-5 em. long, those of the lower ones ender
petiole-like bases: calyx about 1 em. long; aie linear to Eu
corolla reddish. -purple, funnelform; limb 3-4 em. wide.—Roadsides ig waste-
plaees, E U. S. Nat. of Argentina and cult. ke fall, or all yea
Faminy 7. BORAGINACEAE — Borage FAMILY
erbs or shrubby plants, oe ark usually bristly pubescent. Leaves
ase. blades mostly entire. Flowers typieally perfect, the spikes or
a :
ciu
the style arising from between the Frui 4 or fewer nutlets.—
About 85 genera and 1,500 species, widely distributed.
Flowers regular: corolla with equal lobes. I. BORAGEAE.
Flowers irregular: corolla with an oblique limb and unequal lobes. II. Renin,
I. BORAGEAE
Nutlets armed with barbed prickles
Nutlets Pae covered with ‘pric ckles 1. CYNOGLOSSUM.
nu ets ect or incurved, with prickles on the back of
ngies. 2. LAPPULA.
Nutlets unarmed.
eceptacle conic or e s .9. AMSINCKIA,
Receptacle flat or mere
ponds attached Aa M ET ue receptacles: free por-
tions of the filaments elongat 4. MERTENSIA,
Nutlets attached to the ce e by their bases: free
portions of the filaments very short.
71
1122 BORAGINACEAE
Nutlets each with a small flat scar where: attached :
scales in the throat of the corolla broad.
Corolla funnelform or salverform: lobes obtuse, |
spreading, broa
Racemes without. bracts: calyx-lobes about as
long as the tube.
Racemes with bracts: calyx-lobes much longer
than the tube.
Corolla slightly longer than the es
style as long as the ovary or longer 6. LITHOSPERMUM.
Corolla much longer than the calyx: style
much elongated.
Corolla tubular: lobes acute or acuminate, erect,
narrow 8. ONOSMODIUM.
Nutlets each with a large hollow scar where at-
oo a in the throat of the oroa. nar-
ce
. MYOSOTIS.
t
BATSCHIA.
9. SYMPHYTUM.
II. ECHIEAE
Stamens included: corolla-throat closed by scales. 10. LYCOPSIS.
Stamens exserted : corolla-throat dilated and open. 11. ECHIUM.
1. CYNOGLOSSUM [Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial dn
t herbs. Calyx manifestly accrescent. Corolla much longer than the calyx.
Style relatively Mad Fruit surpassing the calyx.—About 75 species, I
distributed.—Sum
Stem copiously leafy to the top: corolla slightly longer than the CA. MN ets
Stem terminated by a long peduncle: corolla much longer than PME
the calyx: nutlets convex. - l 9. O. virginicum.
C. offici M I. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptie to linear- ed or
linear- lanceolate, 5—15 cm. oe ealyx-lobes becoming 6-8 mm. long o
corolla reddish purpie or rarely white,
mostly 8-10 wide; mis reniform:
thic
pr rovinces, oO ou tal Plain, Ga. to Ark.,
Nat. of Eu.
Kans., Minn d Que.
virginicum L. Stem 2-11 dm. tall:
leaf. blades oval i lliptie, i 32 em. long:
calyx-lobes becoming 3-4 m . long: corolla
lue or m
tween the F ines.— ( WILD-COMFREY. )—Dry
soil, woods, ee and nd N various
provinces, Ga. , Kans., and N. J.
. LAPPULA [Rivinius] Moench. Annual, biennial, or perennial, often
hirsute or hispid, herbs. Calyx scarcely accrescent: lobes spreading at matur-
ity. Corolla pale blue, or whitish, scarcely as long as, or a little longer than
the calyx. Style relatively short. Fruit somewhat longer than the calyx.—
About 40 species, mostly natives of the north temperate zone.
a of the corolla-tube remote from the base of the lobes: fruit erect, or ascend-
1. L. Lappula.
Scales of the corollá-tube at the base of the lobes: fruit drooping. 2. L. virginiana.
1. L. Lappula (L.) Karst. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: eae linear-spatulate to
linear, 2-5 em. long: calyx-lobes becoming 3-10 mm. long: corolla-lobes about
BORAGINACEAE 1123
mm. long, the appendages broadly ova
Hare about 3 m re > nutlets “granulos
or tuberculate on Ls k.—(Bv ED.)—
Dry soil and waste- a various po um
N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Tex., B. C.,
Ont., N. S. and N. J. Na t. of Eu. —Spr.-
fall.
2. L. ucc (L.) Greene. Plant
noe bes inary ng -2.5 mm. lon
LICE.
inces, Ga. to La., Kans., Minn., m N.
3. AMSINCKIA Lehm. Annual hispid herbs. Sepals slightly united,
persistent. Corolla yellow, slightly exceeding the calyx, salverform, or the tube
somewhat inpr dis near the throat. Sta-
te high up on
Style elongate. E utlets ergstaceous or cori-
aceous, attached above the base to an ellip-
soid-pyramidal receptacle. —About 15 spe-
eies, of western Ameriea.
1. A. parviflora A. Heller. Stems 5 dm. tall
or D leaves Eo bsc ial pu
to linear, 5-6 cm. long, or shor
upper part of Pos stem; mutis en to
ge E about 4 mm.,
mm. long, both s ofüy pubescent and hispid: T =
corolla Noes haga abou . lon ng; limb CD
abou wide: a ae ved id, 2-3 mm. long, sharply keeled on the back
and a M wrinkled, also sharply orici —Fields, lawns, and waste-
Sic es, Piedmont, N. C. Nat. of Calif —Spr.-s
4. MERTENSIA Roth. Perennial glabrous (our) herbs. Calyx scarcely, if
at all, mento Corolla showy, conspicuously longer than the calyx. Style
and free port of the filaments elongate.
Fruit barely ee than the calyx.—About
40 species, in the Northern Hemisphere. (
re M. ip Sess (L.) DC. Stems pie elus- ) so
red dm. tall: leaves 5—20 . long;
blades elliptic to oval: calyx 2-3 r mm 2e
becoming 5-6 mm. long; lobes oblong to
E or ovate: corolla ies or rarely
white, 2.5-3 em. long, the cup-like limb
0-15 mm. wide, shallowly lobed: nutlets
ovoid, 2.5 mm . lon E Gwort. BLUE
BELLS RGIN IA-COWSLIP. )—Rich woods,
low grounds, and alluvial praes -banks, m
ous provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala.
Ark., Kans., Ont., and S. C.—Spr.
1124 BORAGINACEAE
5. MYOSOTIS [Rupp.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial, pubescent poa
Calyx slightly accrescent. Corolla manifestly longer than th l
and free portions of the filaments short. Fruit surpassed by the uide
About 35 species, of wide geographic distribution.—Spr.-sum.—FORGET-ME-
NOTS. SCORPION-GRASSES
Calyx open at maturity, pubescent with straight hairs
Calyx-lobes longer than the tube: corolla-limb mostly less than 6 mm. wide:
style s short. M. laza.
e shorter than the tube: corolla-limb mostly over
m. wide: style elongate. 2. M. palustris,
Calyx d IRE at maturity, pubescent with hooked hair
Pedicel longer than the calyx at maturity: style ender
about as long as the ovary 3. M. arvensis.
Pedicel shorter than the elc style stout, very short.
Fruiting racemes with man 2 erect or
dud RA E a usually up to m. long at
aturity : nu s 15 m Jong. 4. M. virginica.
Fruiting racemes Ets i1 more or less recurv ing pedi-
s: calyx over 5 mm. long at maturity: nutlets 2
io nc 5. M. macrosperma.
. M. laxa Lehm. — 1-5 dm. long: leaf-blades spatulate to elliptie- -lanceo-
late: pedicels 5—10 . long: calyx-lobes triangular to triangular-lanceolate:
corolla mainly ae bine; lobes about 1 mm.
long: nutlets about 1 mm. long.—Spring-
is and muddy p various ‘provinces,
Ga. to Tenn., Ont., N. S.
2. M. palustris (L.) Lam. Stem 2-6 dm.
lon le edi spatulate to elliptic or
l-8 cm : 1
b
ous pru N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to
W. Va. and N. S. Nat. of Eu.
M. arvensis (L.) Willd. Stem 1-3 dm
tall: d blades uad to elliptie or elliptic. -lanceolate, 1—5 . long: calyx
becoming 3—4 mm. long; lobes equal or nearly so: corolla are e k a
white; lobes ove r% a s long as the t iube: : uo abou E 1.5 m ong.—Low
grounds, various pro N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to W. Va. T MIT and
N. B.
4. M. virginica (L.) B.S Stem 1-4 dm. tall, with short, stiff, often numer-
ous branches: leaf-blades per to elliptie, '1-8 em. long: mature raceme
rh re ijs n. fruiting calices: pedicels 1-3 mm. long: calyx be-
ng; lobes slightly mu s corolla white; lobes less than
V, i as ied as won tube: nutlets about 1.5 mm. long.—Dry hills and fields, vari-
ous provinees, Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., ud. Me.
macrosperma Engel Stem 2-6 dm. tall, with few, elongate, Me sat
branches: leaf-blades nds to those of M. arvensis but larger:
racemes with few widely separated fruiting calices: pedicels 3-6 mm.
calyx becoming 6-8 mm. long; lobes very e corolla white; lobes less
than 14 as long as the tube: nutlets about 2 mm. E —Hillsides, woods, and
stream-banks, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex., Ar k., Ind., and
Mad.
"
BORAGINACEAE 1125
6. LITHOSPERMUM et L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs.
a slightly enlarged at ma pele eae slightly longer than the calyx,
ite, greenish, or yellowish. Style ong as the ovary or somewhat longer.
sd surpassed by the calyx.—About " species, in the Northern Hemisphere.—
Spr.-sum.—GROM WELLS.
Annual plant: corolla white or whitish, slightly surpassing the calyx.
1. L. arvense.
Perennial plant: corolla yellow or sometimes greenish-white.
Pubescence of stem strictly appressed. 2. L. latifolium.
Pubescence of stem more or less spreading. . L. tuberosum.
arvense L. Stem and branches 1-8 dm. long: leaf-blades linear-
oblanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.5-5 cm. long, acutish: ealyx-lobes narrowly
tted
GROM WELL. yRoadsides fields, and
hills, various provinees, Ala. to Miss., Kans.,
Ont., and Me.
2. L. latifolium Michx. Stem and branches
. tall: blades of the cauline leaves
eliptc to hes d 4-12 em. long,
inate x-lobes
comi oe 8-10 dm lon flat: corolla on
white or pale-yellow ; lobes over ae as long as
the oS nutlets ovoid, 3-3.5 long,
smooth Woods, fields, and roa de ari-
ous provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ark., Minn, Ont., and Va.
3. L. tuberosum Rugel. Stems and branches 3-7 dm. s Pod of the
cauline leaves oblanceolate to elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 2-10 cm. long, acute or
dpi phe ealyx-lobes bro oadly linear to linear- spatulate, becoming 4—6
a yellowish white; lobes less than 1% as long as the tube:
ds po ane about 2 mm. 1o ong.—River-bluffs id b e Coastal
Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Tex., and Tenn.
7. BATSCHIA G. F. Gmel. Perennial herbs, with colored roots. Calyx
Fruit surpassed by the ealyx, the nutlets mainly ovoid esent 6 species,
North American.
s is entire, the Edi remote from them: all flowers complete: stamens
below the throat of the corolla.
enn ai rsute: corolla-tube beu diss at the base within. 1. B. canescens.
ispid: corolla-tube bearded at the base within. 2.' B. carolinensis.
Corolia-lobes erose or laciniate: the appendages close to their
ases: later flowers cleistogamous: stamens in the throat of
a corolla. 3. B. linearifolia.
oo
1. B. canescens Michx. Plant 1—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear to elliptic or
ovate-elliptic, 9-21 mm. long: calyx- lobes linear or nearly so, becoming 3-5
1126 © BORAGINACEAE
mm. long: corolla orange-yellow: Eon 9-11
long: nutlets about 2.5 long.
Gliese canescens Leh a= - (Pv UC-
COON.)—Rieh woods and open hillsides,
various Pe N of in Plain, Ga.
to Tex. Sask, and Ont.—
B. carolinensis (Walt) G. F. Gmel
Plant 1-5 dm. tall: leaf bw linear to
t 5 em. 1l
elliptie = s e, l- ong: calyx-
obes lan e to lud eo te, becom-
ing 7-10 1 mm. lo g: corolla orange; tube 12-
16 mm. lon nutlets 3-
3-3.5
[Lithospermum | Gmelini (Michx.
Hitche. | e soil or woods, various prov-
inces, Fla. to N. M., Minn., and N. Y.—Spr.
3. B. A due ep Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-
lanceolate to lin 3-9 e ong: earlier flowers clustered: calyx-lobes linear-
tapering, becoming 7-10 mm. long: corolla light-yellow; tube slender, 25-30
mm. long: nutlets 3-4 mm "long. Lithospermum PE doi e. L—Dry
soil, i and rock ledges, various provinces, W Fla. to Ari and
4
8. ONOSMODIUM Miehx. Perennial herbs with hard roots. Sepals
nearly distinet. Corolla narrow, longer than e calyx, without appendages in
the throat, the lobes relatively long. —About 10 species, North American.
Corolla yellow; lobes lanceolate, acuminate: tips of the anthers not reaching up to
the sinuses of the corolla. 1. O. virginianum.
Corolla whitish, often green-tinged; lobes ovate, obtuse or
wy pointed : tips of the anthers reaching up to the
of the co oe
Ex br acts, nd calyx-lobes not shaggy-pubescent, the
hairs relatively short and more or less appress ed: nut-
lets markedly pitted: anthers with long slender tips. 2. O. molle.
Leaves, bracts, and calyx-lobes shaggy-pubescent, the hairs
long and loosely spreading: nutlets little, if at all,
pitted: anthers with short stout tips. 3. O. hispidissimum.
1. O. virginianum (L.) DC. Stem strigose (or hirsute in O. virginianum hir-
sutwm), 2—7 dm. tall or more: le af-blades, on the upper pue of the stem
oblanceolate, poii elliptie, elliptie, ellip-
tic-obovate to , 2.5-12 em. long, usually
T s sometimes quite copiously
x-lobes becoming 6-8 mm
mm. long, no
Bic at the base.—Pinelands, dry woods,
thickets, and sandy hillsides, are Plain
and adj. provinces, Fla. to La. sea s
and Great Lake Lowland, W N. uY—
2. O. molle Mi ichx. Stem short-hirsute, or
partly strigose, with white or whitish hairs,
8 dm. tall or less: leaf-blades, on the upper
BORAGINACFAE 1127
part of the stem, elliptic, lanceolate or ovate- eid not shaggy- Pd
but with longer spreading hairs Re on the and m mer
at least beneath, short-appressed hairs: infers dene, ‘softly pubeseent: oe
lobes narrowly linear, about 6 mm. s corolla 9-12 mm. obes ovate,
e 15 as long as the tube: anthers about 2.5 mm. long: n dod mud in
. long, copiously pitted, slightly if at all constricted at the base L—Dry
pna and eedar-barrens, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn., and Spr.
3. O. E pun ene Mackenzie. Stem copiously hirsute, with whitish hairs,
12 dm or less: leaf-blades, on the upper part ud the stem, narrowly elliptic,
elliptics, Tane lai or ovate, pubescent as in O. molle, but with nd stiffer,
and longer hairs: inflorescence uei hirsute: pa lobes linear, 4-6 mm.
long: corolla 10-12 mm. long or longer in the aded flowers; Die. ‘ovate, less
than 14 as long as the tube: anthers about 2 mm. long: nutlets ovoid, 3-3.5
mm. long, a or rund a ru PE at the base. [O. caro-
"oM (Chapm. Fl) (FI. S.) ]-—Woods, bed banks and dry hill-
uH To A N on Plain, N. C. to Tex , Minn., and Ont.—
Spr.-
9. SYMPHYTUM L. Perennial herbs with mucilaginous roots. Sepals
d manifestly united into a tube. Corolla much longer than the calyx, with long
appendages in the throat, the lobes rela-
tively short.—About 15 species, natives of
the Old World.
1. S. officinale L. Stems and branches
3-10 dm. tall, hirsute: m blades Murder
lanceolate, or ovate -aneeolate, or som
ovate, 8—30 cm. long: rues x-lobes a A
ach with an ovate to lanceolate bo pud >
corolla yellowish or purplish, 10-
ong; lobes ovate, obtuse, the RR pns
lanceolate: nutlets 3-4 mm. long.—(Com-
FREY. EALING-HERB. ) — Roadsides, old
fields, and about gardens, bos P uic
N of Co astal Plain, N. C. , Minn.,
Newf. Nat. of Eu rod
10. LYCOPSIS L. Annual herbs. Corolla salverform, slightly irregular,
the throat appendaged. Free portion of the filaments very short.—About four
species, natives of the Old World.
p
becoming 7-8 long; sepals linear or
linear-Janeeolate, pn corolla blue, 5-7
mm.
; tube curved: nutlets about 3 mm. NM
long, a wrinkled. — (BUGLOSS.
Waste-places, pastures, M dii ied various
provinees N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ont.,
a 3 n Va.—Nat. of Scurasla —Spr-—
fall. .
1128 EHRETIACEAE
11. ECHIUM [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial herbs. Corolla funnel-
form, markedly irregular, the throat unappen aged. Free portion of the fila-
ments elongate.—About 30 species, natives
of the Old World
1. E. vulgare L. Plants nd a ace a i
t tu ee whi ch E
somewhat plaited; lobes ovate or triangular-
vate, eiliolate: filaments and style exserted, pis Pad about 3 mm. long,
wrinkled.— — (VIPER'S-BUGLOSS. LUE-DEVIL. BLUEWEED.)—Old fields and road-
sides, often in calcareous soil, various provinces, Ga. to Nebr., Ont., and N. B.
Nat. of Eu.—Sum
Famity 8. EHRETIACEAEH — EHRETIA FAMILY
Shrubs, trees, or sometimes herbs. Leaves vr. alternate: blades
mostly entire. Flowers perfect, cymose. Calyx of 5 (4-6), partly united
sepals. Corolla of 5 (4-6), partially united o Androecium of 5
(4-8), stamens, the filaments more or less adnate to the pla Dd
united by pairs. Fruit drupaceous or of 4 nutlets.—About 20 genera ne
350 species, in warm or tropical regions.
Styles, and stigmas, 4, unequally united by pairs: drupe with a 4-celled stone: coty-
Jedons plaited or corrug s e
Corolla long-funnelform ; limb deeply lobed: calyx-tube cylindric. 1. SEBESTEN.
Co Le oe funnelform ; LIU slightly lobed: calyx-tube cam-
2. VARRONIA.
Styles, and anes: 2: drupe with 2 or 4 stones: cotyledons flat. 3. BOURRERIA.
1. Adans. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in open clusters.
Sepals usually united to above the middle. mE bright-colored, shallowly
Fruits included, adnate to the accrescent
ealyx.—About 12 species, of tropical and
subtropical America.
1. - Sebestena (L.) Britton. Shrub or small
tree, the twigs strigose: leaf-blades ovate or
elliptic- -ovate, 8-12 cm. long, undulate or re-
pand: calyx 14-19 mm. long; tube cylin-
T
E.)—Ham and
glade Keys, Fla. pu "Florida Keys.— —(W.I
XEHRETIACEAE 1129
—All year.—This plant sre a generic counterpart in Texas, in which the corolla
is white with a yellow cente
2. VARRONIA Jacq. Shrubs, = or vines. Flowers in open clusters or in
e epals usually united to above middle. Corolla white or colored,
shallowly or dee Filaments p
above or below the middle of the
eorolla-tube.—A bout 70 species of tropical S
and subtropical America
V. globosa Jacq. Branched shrub 1-3 m
fal: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic- iw 1-5
. long, serrate: pr about 8 m lon ng:
ola white, 5- e . lo d [Cordia bul-
lata (Chapm. FL)]I— mmoeks, Cape
Sable region, Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W.
I.)—All year—tThis pl
] ant has pu^
counterpart in Texas in which the calyx-lobes
are shorter than the tube and its corolla is
mostly 12-15 mm. long.
3. BOURRERIA.Jacq. Shrubs or trees. Flowers in corymbose cymes.
Sepals ane to above the middle. Garou, white or colored, prominently
lobed. Filaments adnate to above or eal the middle of the corolla-tube.—
About 25 species, of tropical Ameri
Anthers about as long as the free portion of the filaments : leaf-blades short-petioled,
Drupe 9- 11 mm. wide: corolla-tube much exceeding the calyx. 1. B.revoluta.
Drupe 7—8 mm. wide: corolla-tube about equalling the calyx. 2. B. cassinifolia.
Ans much shorter than [ue free portion of the filaments:
leaf-blades slender-petiole . B. ovata.
1. B. revoluta H.B.K. Small bid or shrub, with pubescent twigs: leaf-blades
elliptie to udis ostly 2-7 cm. long, abruptly pointed, rounded or notched,
permanently rough etium and ciliate,
o
sometimes smooth: cymes ral-flower
cal mm. long; lobes ovate, mostly less
than 14 the tube: corolla white;
tube much exceeding the calyx; larger lobes
5—6 nther ong
drupe orange, slightly depressed, 9-11 mm
wide. . Radula (Chapm. Fl) (Fl SE
. S.) ]—(RovuGH-STRONGBACK. )—Hammocks
]
and de. ia di AA Fla., and
Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—A1l
cassinifolia (A. Rieh.) Griseb.
GN -leaf-blades oval, pe obovate, or
cuneate, 1-2.5 cm. long, m ostly obtuse or
retuse, smooth, glabrous, and eciliate, a 4
least at maturity, slightly veiny in age: few- doc cd calyx 5-6 mm
long; lobes triangular to antes triangular, Ye ai as n as the tube: corolla white;
tube about as long as the calyx or slightly exceeding it; larger ene von 4
ide: anthers about 2 mm. long: drupe much depressed, 7-8 mm. wide.
(SM MOOTH-STRONGBAC jede DARNA Keys, Fla—( W. I. ) —AIl ur
vata Miers. Small tree or shrub, with glabrous twigs: sey
us M elliptic-obovate or oval-obovate, 4-12 em. long, smooth: calyx 6-7 e
1130 HELIOTROPIACEAE
long; lobes triangular, fully 14 as long as the tube: corolla white; tube rather
short; lobes slightly shorter than the tube: dnd. xserted; anthers about
mm. long: drupe orange, 1 em. wide. [B. n : l
U. S.) ]—(SrRoNGBACK.) —Hammocks, Florida Keys — (OF. I. )—AI ly
Famity 9. HELIOTROPIACEAE — HELioTROPE FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, or woody vines. Leaves alternate : blades entire, or
rarely toothed. Flowers S mostly in scorpioid spikes or racemes.
Calyx of 5 more or less united sepals. Corolla various, of 5 partially
united petals. Androecium of 5 stamens, the filaments more or less adnate
the corolla-tube. Gynoecium 2-4-earpellary. Stigma annular, sur-
mounted by an appendage. Fruit drupaceous, or dry and of 2-4 nu utlets.—
About 10 Sener and 300 species, adele distributed.
Shrubs or woody twiners: fruit drupaceo Tribe I
BO ue IEEE partly-woody : fruit do separating into
. TOURNEFORTIEAE
II. HELIOTROPIEAE.
I. TOURNEFORTIE
coo broad: fruit not lobed, hollowed P^ the base:
hers minutely pointed.
Plant densely and EE dried) silky-tomentose: leaves very
numerous ue E wded: corolla-tube about as long as the
calyx or sho 1. MALLOTONIA.
Plant Birsncedn conspicuously pubescent: leaves relatively 2. TOURNEFORTIA.
few and distant: corolla-tube much exceeding the calyx.
Corolla-lobes narrow, often subulate: fruit lobed, usually 4-lobed,
not hollowed at the base: anthers acuminate. 3. MYRIOPUS.
II. HELIOTROPIEAE
Fruit of 4 more or less readily separating nutlets.
Fruits 4-lobed, separating into 4 one-seeded nutlets.
owers in scorpioid spikes or racemes: calyx-lobes equal
or nearly so. 4. HELIOTROPIUM.
Flowers axillary to narrow bracts: calyx-lobes very un-
e b. LiTHOCOCCA.
Fruits 5. lobed, separ rating into 2 two-seeded nutlets.
Nutlets conie, ribbed : dS obconie or turbinate. 6. TIARIDIUM.
tlets subgl lobose e, rugose: style very short or wanting. T7. SCHOBERA
Nu
Fruit of 2 completely 2-celled nutlets, or sometimes 1-celled and
1-seeded. 8. COCHRANEA.
1. MALLOTONIA Britton. Maritime shrubs with conspicuously pubes-
cent foliage. Leaves numerous, crowded on the branchlets: blades narrow,
ba s sessile. Flowers j
3 p
short or depressed, hollowed at the base,
abruptly poin Ed Species, in tropical
and Mosis region
. M. gnaphalodes (J acd) Britton. Fleshy
shrub 2 m. tall or less, the pubescence pale
or white: leaf- blades ee -spatulate, 4-11
. long, obtuse: calyx-lobes ovate: corolla
much exceeding. the calyx; tube eun
Pid n. to orbieular-ov E ovoid zu id -ovoid, about
ate, 2-3 mm. lon
ong. [Tournefortia jue E. : ien e NDER. ) —Coasta stal
ee a S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I.) —All y
corolla tube: corolla-lobes nearly or qui
a the t 3—4
HELIOTROPIACEAE 1131
2. TOURNEFORTIA L. Hammock vines, with stout trailing or climb-
M stems. Leaves neither crowded nor numerous: blades broad, often coarsely
ube. Corolla white: lob Ed spreading,
tigm
Drupe 2 died hollow at the —
100 species, of tropical and sub. -tropical
regions
- T. ater ima L. oody or partly
oody vine, the stem and bu pubescent :
leaf- blades oo ae broadly so, vary-
mg t obovate, mostly 1-1.5 dm.
Td mo less hirsute, acuminate:
corymbs many- fovere sepals ovate, acute, villous: corolla-lobes ovate to
deltoid-ovate, 2-2 long: drupes BUDE IB OS or ovoid-globose, 4-5 mm.
long.—Ham mocks, "Everglade "Keys, Fla.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—-All year.
3. MYRIOPUS Small Hammock vines with climbing, often twining
stems. Leaves neither crowded nor numerous: blades broad, herbaceous, e
finely pubescent, petioled. Flowers in corymbose, elongate, secund spikes or
racemes. Calyx-lobes narrow or narrow-lipped. Corolla white or eeu
lobes very narrow, usually subulate. nthers lanceolate
the base. Style elongate: stigm a-appendage long-conie. Drupe 2-4-lobed,
as many lobes as there are l-seeded nutlets, usually depressed ——About 15
species, in tropical America.
Leaves glabrous SE obscurely pubescent: ealyx-lobes triangular or triangular-lanceo-
late in anthes 1. M. volubilis..
n densely “white pubescent PERLU calyx-lobes subulate or
angular-subulate in anthes 2. M. poliochros.
1. M. volubilis (L.) Small. Woody vine, the fine pubescence usually rusty;
pibe e ovate p Rus Aaa 2—8 em. long, mostly acute or acuminate,
gre beneath: corymbs with sprawling
branches; ud men much less than half as
ong as ol :
dua than the tube: drupe 2-3 mm. wide,
the lobes with black spots. [Tournefortia
volubilis R. —Hammocks, S bi Fla.
d the = and S Tex.—(JW.I | A. )—
All yea
2. M. poliochros (Spreng.) Small Vine
lobes nearly or quite half as long as vee
s long as the tube: drupe mm. ride, the lobes with —— Spots.
ici pie P Spreng. ]—Hammocks on kitchenmiddens, E coast,
Fla.—(W. I.)—All yea
1132 HELIOTROPIACEAE
4. HELIOTROPIUM [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or erect, diffuse, or prostrate
ii Leaves few or many: blades broad or narrow. Calyx-lobes nearly
Stamens adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube. Style very short.
n 4-lobed, an aggregate of 4 nutlets.—About 125 species, widely dis-
tributed.— HELIOTROPES.
Inflorescence bractl
red glabrous: alate finely wrinkled: leaf-blades nar-
ro 1. H. curassavicum.
Calyx A nutlets tuberculate: leaf-blades broad. 2. H. europaeum.
iaorescomë bracted.
Corolla itt
P with small puberulent swellings low down in
3. H. phyllostachyum.
Corolla with pr ominent deflexed appendages at the top
OP at. 4. H. polyphyllum.
Corolla yellos
Plant with erect stem and braneh 5. H. Leavenworthii.
Plant with prostrate stem and Bandes 6. H. horizontale.
H. curassavicum L. ees perennial or mainly so, 1-4 dm. tall: leaf-
Bie spatulate, varying to obovate or po mainly 2-6 em. long: calyx- ree
ge to elliptic-la Sco 1.5-2
long: corolla white, V t the yellow eye;
f
Ens "S s about mm. long:
2-2.5 m vid ° Srann -HELIOTROPE.)—
Hammocks, ew and 1 vaste-places, Coastal
Plain and adj. provi is Fla. to Tex. and
Del.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. A.)
europaeum L. Plant annual 1-5
a -
ae tube fully 2 m m. long: fruit about
3 wide.—W aste- pM and pr
jd provinees, Fla. to Ala. and Mas
Nat. of Eu.
3. H. phyllostachyum Torr. Plant annual, 0.5-2 dm. tall: leaf- Mens elliptie,
- 2.5 em. long: calyx Toves lanceolate, | or the larger one ovate-lanceolate, 2—3
d coe ie, tube 2-3 mm. long; lobes about 1 mm. 1 ong: fruit
iban t 1.5 mm. wide. —Hammocks ino "waste: -plaees, Key West, Fla.
H. polyphyllum mu Perennial, 1-2 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-spatu-
late to elliptic, 0.5—2 em. long: Lb. lobes lanceolate to ee -lanceolate, 2—2.5
m. long: corolla white; tube 3—4 mm. long: fruit 1.5 mm. wide. d stal ham-
mod. Everglade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.— (S. A —AI y ea
5. H. Leavenworthii Tor Plant with pale-pubescent erect stems; 2-11 dm
tall: leaf- n linear T med Pu 1-2 em. long: flowers 1 inodorous: calyx
lobes lanceolate, 3—4 mm. lon rolla bright-yellow; lobes ovate, obtus
ng:
wW hammocks ‘and wet E one in Everglades, S pen. Fla. and Florida
Keys.—All yea
6. H. horizontale Small. Plant with radially us Eq 1-5: em.
2 das matted: leaf-blades linear - nearly so, 0.8-1 long: is
ragra : ealyx-lobes lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long: ce culo es yellow. —Pine-
lands Ed Keys, Fla.—All year
HELIOTROPIACEAE 1133
5. LITHOCOCCA Small. Annual erect, wiry herbs. Leaves scattered:
blades very narrow. Flowers scattered, axillary to narrow leaf-like bracts.
Calyx-lobes very unequal in size and shape
Stamens adnate to the-lower part of the
corolla-tube. Style short. Fruit depressed,
4-lobed.— One species.
1. m Sager Che, Small. Stem 1-3
dm. with several or many erect or
eer bra ns leaf-blades linear o
calyx-lobes li nea , 2—6 ;
ut corolla Bs tube about 4 mm. long:
fruit 3-3.5 wide, pubescent. Helio.
a. Um "Torr r.]—Dry soil, road-
sides, and pastures, various provinces, Ala.
to Tex. Kans., and Ky.—Sum.-fall.
6. TIARIDIUM Lehm. Annual erect herbs. Leaf-blades broad. Flowers
in o scorpioid spikes. Sepals slightly united at the base. Corolla blue,
with the anthers near the middle of the
rather aa ube. Style obconic or tur-
inate. Fruit slightly depressed, the nutlets
paired and mitriform.—One specie
Annu
2-10 ¢ m tones calyx-lobes linear to linear-
g: eorolla 2
wide.
[Heliot ropium indicum L. Waste- -places,
fields, and roadsides, e ee. Fla.
to Te x., Ill, and va a. Nat. of E.
d Mez., C. A., 4.)— P un —fall or all
year S.
7. SCHOBERA Scop. Annual or perennial, erect herbs. Leaf-blades
rather broad. Flowers in braetless i nae spikes. Sepals united at the
Corolla white, with the anthers
the top of d Very short tube. Style ver
short or ing. Fruit mueh depressed,
didym més ps nutlets dus in pairs.—
FOR 10 species, tropical American.
= angiosperma (Murr.) Britton. Plant
ual, 2-12 dm. tall: ae A elliptic to
rer oos 2-7 ong,
parviflorum L.]—Hammocks and pinelan
S pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I.,
. A., S. A.)
1134 VERBENACEAE
8. COCHRANEA Miers. Perennial herbs, sometimes partially woody.
Flowers in — eymose spikes. Sepals slightly united. Stamens adnate to
the lower part of the corolla-tube. Style
obsolete. Fruit 2-lobed, the typically 2-
celled nutlets sometimes separating into 2
rts.—About 4 species, South American.
1. C. PE naue (Poir.) Guerke. Plants
: leaf-blades
often diffuse, 1-4 dm.
elliptie to lingar. -elliptie or oblanceolate, 2-8
wide: fruits 2.5 m. v
anchusaefolium Poir.]— Waste-plaees, road-
n and cult. grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex. and Ga. Nat. of S. Am
Faminy 10. VERBENACEAE — Vervain FAMILY
shrubs, or t mmonly angled. Leaves alternate,
rbs, Stems co
opposite, or who rle d: n end or rarely compound. Calyx of 4 or
5 partially or wholly united sepals. Corolla a 4 or 5 mers united
m
petals, sometimes 2-lipped. Androecium of 2 o
more or less adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoecium Bas er the
style terminal. Fruit baccate or drupaceous n aggreg of
nutle a —About 75 genera and 1,300 species, of pete dr distri-
butioi
iva oueaconee centripetal, spicate, racemose, or paniculate: ovules ere
Tribe eg" " VERBENEAE.
Inflorescence centrifugal, cymose: ovules laterally attached. II. VITICEAE.
ERBENEAE
VE
Flowers in heads, spikes or spike- a racemes,
Fruit of e or 4 nutlets, dry.
‘Stan ns 4: fruit not imbedded in the rachis.
Tr "uit nut-like, with a broad D like beak. 1. STYLODON.
Fruit of 2 or 4 nutlets, not ced.
PEE e not flattened. l
ers ‘unappendaged : spikes elongate at
“anthes
acre of the larger stamens appendaged
‘the back: spikes B topped at an-
thesis, elongating in fru 3.
iaces 2, more or E flattened.
2. VERBENA.
GLANDULARIA.
fla
with procumbent or creeping
stems, sometimes partly woody eae 4, PHYLA.
pde or shrubby plants, with u bene
stem 5. GONIOSTACHYUM.
Calyx inflata d and inclosing the fruit. 6. PRIVA.
cr 21 fruit imbedded in RC ation: of ihe thick
achis 7. VALERIANOIDES,
Fruit ‘drupaceous. 8. NTAN
Flowers in open racem
Drupe seated in “the calyx: nutlets 2: stigma 2-lobed. 9. CITHAREXYLUM.
Drupe enclosed in the calyx: nutlets 4: stigma 4-
lobed. 10. DURANTA.
II. VITICEAE
Corolla ea Jeaf-blades simple. 11. CALLICARPA,
Corolla irregu
like, ridged, with 4 broad plain surfaces at
VERBENACEAE 1135
Drupe with 4 stones: leaf-blades simple.
Corolla short, tbe tube not much longer than the limb.. 12. CLERODENDRON.
Coroll „elongate, the tube several times longer than
the 13. SIPHONANTHUS.
Drupe ihe a single 4-celled stone: leaf-blades compound. 14. VITEX.
1. STYLODON Raf. Perennial scabrous herbs. Leaf-blades serrate,
sessile. Flowers in elongate, inconspicuously bracted spikes. Calyx tubular
ed. Corolla col- .
the top which form a cap.—One species.
rey o
fu^
n
$5
ct
weed
Bo
et eH.
"5^0
HO rt
SEE
(c
25
cd
S we
"ms
B OF
fux
BD' rc
N HB
5 D
oH p
So o dS
te
Pu cd
ta
eo
Ft
to lanceolate: oe uc s
coming about m. long:
P Or s limb 5-6 mm. wide: fruit ovoid or oval, . long.
[Phryma caroliniensis lt. Verbena caroliniana Mi ichx. | Kidd coil often
?)
V
in ood Eno thickets, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss. (La.
and N. C.—Spr.—fall.
2. VERBENA [ Tourn.] L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. Leaf-
blades entire, toothed or parted. Flowers in elongate, often very slender spikes,
the bracts narrow. Calyx mainly E. 5-lobed. Corolla white or colored,
pipe aera lobes 5, unequal. Anthers unappendaged. Fruit an aggregate of
4, often narrow, readily separable ids filling the calyx.—About 75 species,
American.—Sum.—VERBENAS. VERVA
PES ct sometimes very slender, continuous or interrupted, often greatly
Leaf-blades toothed or incised. I. HASTATAE.
Leaf-blades 1-2-pinnately cleft or parted.
Bracts shorter than the calyx: plants erect. II. OFFICINALES.
Bracts much longer than the calyx: plants prostrate or
rocumbent. III. BRACTEOSAE.
p
Spikes permanently short and stout.
SE ane than the mature calyx: corolla-tube less than
s long as the calyx.
Bracts longer than the mature calyx: corolla-tube over
twice as long as the calyx /. VENOSAE.
IV. BONARIENSES,
I.
Spikes permanently continuous by the imbricate fruits.
Spikes ene or nearly so: corolla-limb 8-9 mm. wide: plants vend soft-
pubesce 1. V. stricta.
Spikes Pound corolla-limb 2.5-6 mm. wide: plants
sparingly pubescent or glabrous.
Leaf-blades s to ovate-lanceolate: nutlets
smooth or nearly
uon pow inen oc ulate to linear: nutlets reticu-
N
. V. hastata.
3. V. angustifolia.
Spikes becom ie interrupted, the fruits at least, not imbricate.
Leaf-blades sessile, a spatulate type predominating.
Leaf-blades petioled, an ovate type ge n ng. 4, V. littoralis.
Sepals little yon ger than the fruit, the tips not meet-
ing over op. 5. V. urticaefolia.
Sepals much lonce n the fruit, the tips converging
over its top and meeting. 6. V. scabra.
\
1136 VERBENACEAE
IIl. OFFICINALES
eu coarsely hirsute: flowers approximate in the spi ik
p usuall cr 6 mm. wide: leaf-blades sessile
or very short wing-petioled. 7. V. Xutha.
Stem glabrous or glabr NS flowers widely separated in the
spike: corolla-limb usually 6 mm. wide or less: leaf-
^ blades distinctly petioled
Leaf-blades with blunt, rounded, or abruptly acute tips.
rolla-limb about 5-6 mm. wide: nutlets fully thrice
as long as thick. 8. Y. Halei.
e D 3—4 mm. wide: nutlets twice as long as
9. V. officinalis.
riparia.
Leaf-blades with long-tapering acute tips: 10. Y.
III. BRACTEOSAE
Annual plants, often forming mats: spikes leafy-bracted. 11. V. bracteosa.
I ONARIENSES
Leaf-blades sessile: nutlets reticulate at the top 12. V. brasiliensis.
Leaf-blades clasping: nutlets reticulate to below the middle. 13. V. bonariensis.
V. VEN
Stems rigid from mote rootstocks : ed NN saliently
toothed, conspicuously veined. 14. V. rigida.
1. V. stricta Vent. Perennial, 2-12 dm. tall, densely pale- pubescent: leaves
3-10 em. long; blades suborbieula r, oval, or elliptic, serrate or incised: spikes
ong: caly
and Ont, Introduced E—Sum.—fall.
2. V. ata L. Do s bur tall,
syne ule: diem leav 4-14 long:
lades lan er elliptic- a Or
ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate and often
incised or hastate at the base: spikes rela-
C
3.5 wide: nutlets linear, 1.5-2 a
a -VERBENA. \—Moist fields oa “meadows, various provinces, Fla. to
N . ©., Ont., and N. §.—Sum
3. V. angustifolia ee Perennial, 1-5 dm. tall, puberulent or sparingly
pubescent: leaves 2-12 cm. long; blades linear- Mena ate to e ear- Eds Or
linear, distantly or d serrate: ae pd calyx becoming 4
long: corolla deep lavender or purple; limb 5-6 mm. wide: Rr e 3 m mm
long o ad and roadsides, various DURS Fla. to Ark., Minn., and
Mass.—Spr.-
4. V. littoralis H.B.K. Perennial, 3-10 dm. a a, ee pubescent:
leaves 2-8 cm. long; blades spatulate, or on shoo oe Ed elliptic
elliptic- lanceolate, serrate: spikes slender: pou bee us
to , long:
eorolla light-blue P limb about 3 mm. wide: AUR bodie ‘Linear,
fully 1.5 pu edt Dry soil, along s and ene La. Nat. of S. quee
Spr.-sum.
5. V. urticaefoli or perennial, 4—15 dm. tall, n beds
8-21 cm. long; blades broadly ym ua to ovate- lanceolate, or sometim ida
to oval, coarsely crenate-serrate: spikes loosely-fruited: calyx becomin a oe
x VERBENACEAE 1137
long: corolla white: limb 3-4 mm. wide: nutlets ellipsoid, 1.5-2 mm. lon
WHITE-VERBENA.)— Thiekets, moist fields, and meadows, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Minn., and N. B.—Sum
- V. scabra Vahl Similar to V. sense in habit, the leaves relatively
maller, and blades thicker and commonly — gradually acute or acuminate:
spikes closely fruited: calyx becoming 2 mm. lon ag: rolla white or pinkish;
limb wide: nu ut] ets ee about 1.5 m "lon ng.—Low grounds or
de soil, Coastal Plain ius Basin-and- Range nad Fla. to Tex., iid Calif.
—(W , C. A., S. A.) —Spr. im 1l.
7. V. i Lehm. Perennial, 9-15 ~ tall, coarsely hirsute: leaves 4—10
cm. long; blades ineised-pinnatifid, Or 3-parted on the lower part of the stem,
the veins very prominent and hirsute PE : Spikes very long, not branched
or but little. bu a de slender: calyx becoming 4 mm. long; lobes
converging o nutlets: ie purplish- PA limb 5-7 mm. wide:
nutlets linear- Ve indzie B 2—2.25 mm. long.—Prair jes, arroyos, stream EA road-
sides, waste-places, and bayou- ca various provinces, Mis eee Tex. and Calif.
Has been found on ballast at Mobile, Ala.—(Mez. )— Spr.—fa
V. 2 Small Biennial, 3-10 dm. tall, sparingly pubescent pi leaves
3-10 c ong, pubescent, especi ally so beneath; blades pl = wer id
elliptic p" ovate, deeply incised-pinnatifid, ci ' 3-par rted o eis pi -pinnat
those of the upper stem-leaves linear to linear-spatulate, Mem e D
entire: spikes slender, usually much-branched: calyx becoming 3-3.5 m ong,
e pun corolla deep-lavender ; limb 4—5 mm. wide: nutlets linear- aes
about 2.5 mm. long.—Prairies, stream-banks, roadsides, waste pee and bayou-
dd various provinces, Miss. to Tex. and Okla.—Spr.—fal
9. V. offi s L. ual, e bd tall, glabrous or cM so: leaves 2-6
em. un ie of po pud 1-2-pinnatifid and incised: spikes no
slender: ealyx 2 mm. long: e coral "Eine or Set tube en less than 3 m
g d
bout 1.5 mm. long.—
( ied oun A.)—Roadsides, fields, an D -plaees, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Calif, and Tenn. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.) — pr. —fall.
10. V. riparia Raf. Annual, 6-15 dm. tall, md pubescent: leaves 4—14
em. lo Ong; repr of the lower ones 3-parte ed or 1-2- -pinnatifid: spikes slender:
calyx becoming 3 mm. long: corolla light blu E tube mostly over 3 mm. long;
lobes doppi or notched: sede en about 2 mm, long.—River banks,
Piedmont, N. C. to N. J.—Spr.—
rem V. bracteosa Michx. Annual, BS —" or procumbent branches 1-5
long, hirsute: leaves 1-6.5 c . long; blades pinnatifid, 2-3 cm. long:
spikes thick, sessile, continuous or pine S0: pe becoming 3—4 mm. long:
eorolla pur ple or bluish; limb 2-2.5 mm. wide: ts linear, 2-2.5 mm. long.
—Prairies, roadsides , fields, el and n places, various dad Fla.
to Tex. Calif, B. G, Minn., and pr.— in the
Mediterranean region, Y. supina L. with , finely divided UM blades, pat Pa
and a calyx about equalling the very thick fruit, occurs on ballast at Mobile,
Ala.
V. brasiliensis Vellozo. Annual, 6-25 dm. tall, finely pubescent above:
leaves 3-8 em. long; blades elliptie to linear- -elliptie or lanceolate, sha arply
sone at least above the middle: spikes not crowded: ae becoming 3.5
i or longer: corolla purple or lilac: limb about 2.5 mm. wide: nutlets
narrowly ao t 1.5 mm. s NDS and a soil, Coastal
Plain, La. Nat. of trop. Am.—Sum
13. V. bonar lensis L. Annual, 6- 20 dm . tall, villous-hirsute above: leaves 4—
10 em. long; 7 blades elliptic to elliptie- lanceolate, broadly serrate at least above
72
the middle: spikes crowded: calyx becoming 3.5 mm. long: corolla purplish,
or rarely white: limb about 2 mm. wide: nutlets narrowly ellipsoid, 2 mm.
long — Waste-places, : Hm ben banks, Coastal Plain, Ala. to Ark. and "
S. —Spr
S. C.—Nat. of pr.— —This and the following species are among
the most EDU ee of Feat aia
1138 VERBENACEAE
14. V. rigida (L.) Spreng. 1 di stem and branches decumbent,
6 d ; b
he base: spikes stou x ;
long: corolla deep-purple, rarely paler; tu be fu uly ae bo long as the e aig
imb 6-11 mm. wi ipsoi . long.
d -places, ae Plain, W Fla. to Tex. and N Na t. of S.
Spr.-sum.—This plant forms large, spreading pos of pn purple pr
ies and in eee -places in Louisiana and T
3. GLANDULA Gmel. Annual or (ours) perennial herbs.
Leaf-blades coarsely toothed t a Flowers in depressed capitate spikes |
which elongate somewhat in age. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed. Corolla white or .
e salverform. Anthers of the longer stamens with an appendaged con-
nective. Fruit an aggregate of 4 nutlets in the bottom of the ealyx.—About
25 species, American.— VERBENAS.
Corolla rose-purple, pink, or whit
Leaf-blades toothed, incised, lobe d, or Do i segments broad.
ip of the longer calyx- lobes subulate, 1 mm. 1. G. maritima. |
Tip of the longer calyx-lobes bristle- ‘like, 2— 2 long.
Hen pond or incis Eu -pin nnatifid : EL
2.5-3 m long, stout, pitted from near the
base i "e apex.
Leaf- d l-pinnatifid: calyx 12 mm. long or
Leaf-blades | p to ovate-lanceolate,
uneate the base. 2. G. Lambertii.
Leaf-blades Bee ovate to deltoid, cordate
oadly truncate at the base 3. G. canadensis.
eae 2-pinnatifid: calyx 10 mm. long or
less. 4. G. Drummondii.
ur rc serrate or incised-serrate: nutlets about
4 BE DU Died omen UC mid-
dle e 5. G. tampensis.
Leaf-blades. a a “the segments narrowly linear to |
subula 6. Œ. tenuisecta. 4
Corolla sri T. G. peruviana.
1. G. maritima Small. Stem and branches diffuse or widely creeping, 2-20
dm. long, often sparingly short-pubescent: leaf- blades cuneate to orbicular-
vate em. , incised, few-
2. G. Lambertii (Sims 08 Small. Stem and
branches 3-6 dm. long, hirsute: leaf-blades
typically lanceolate, sometimes ovate-lanceo-
late, 3-9 e . long, ineised-pinnatifid, acute
or acumina ic at the ap E. — at the
base: calyx becoming 11- . long: -
rolla showy, rose-purple; ee io
long; lobes rounded or slightly mra
VERBENACEAE 1139
nutlets mostly 3 mm. long, evenly fine-pitted.—Open woods, Coastal Plain and
adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and S. C.—Spr.-sum.
3. a. canadensis (L.) Small. Stem and branches 3-6 dm. long, minutely
E leaf-blades 3-8 cm. long, typically ovate or deltoid, incised- -pin-
r
mm
nutlets about 3 mm. long, irregularly coarse-pitted. [Verbena Aubletia Jacq.
canadensis Britton]—Prairies, roadsides, and thickets, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Ill, and Va.—Spr.—sum.—Does "not grow naturally in Canada.
G. D drum ( eee Small. Stem and branches a dm. long, hirsute:
leaf-blades 2-5 ¢ vate in out. pam - o tifid, the segments typically
narrow: — cum ce Ji mm. long: a showy, e rple; tube about
1-1.5 em. long; lo bed diei eer b rond about 3 mm. ie evenly
fine-pitte ted. [Verbena Drwmmondi Bax npe s ere = ftom s, and
woods, various provinces, La. to N. M., Kans., and Va.—Spr.-su
b. G. tampensis (Nash) Small. Stem and branches ascending or decumbent,
2-6 dm ; ong usually minutely pubescent: leaf-blades lanceolate to elliptic or
ovate, 2-8 c . long, coarsely serrate or incised-serrate: calyx 12-15 mm. long,
the longer lobes setaceous-subulate: e oro purple: tube fully 1.5 em. long:
utlets 4 mm. long, coarsely pitted on the middle a the apex. [Verbena
tampensis Nash]-—Sandy hammocks, pen, Fla.—Spr.—fal
6. tenuisecta (Briq.) Small. Stenf and branches decumbent or proeumbent,
strigillose ind Ww tee harrowly linear to po Poor iss g:
m. long; lobes short-setaceous: coro 1 but showy, rose-
purple, uut ee white; tube about 1 cm. long; lobes noche nutlets 3.5 mm.
ione pitted Love the middle. [ Verbena tenuisecta Briq.]—Sandy woods, any
soil and waste-places, sae Plain, Fla. and Ga. to La. Nat. of S. A. — Sum
see or all year S.—This is the species commonly known as Verbena erinoides
r Moss VER RBENA.
G. peruviana a) Small. Stem red branches iie cup and ereeping,
tube about 2 em. long; lobes notched: nutlets about 4 mm. long, striate- ribbed
below the middle, cross-ribbed above it. E ena chamaedrifolia Juss. |
er Seal ocr and roadsides, pen. Fla. Nat. of S. Am—(W. I. Mex., C. A.
—Spr.—fall.
4, PHYLA Lour. Perennial procumbent or creeping herbs. Leaf-blades
toothed or lobed. Flowers in congested axillary spikes, the bracts cuneate to
flabellate. mks short, flattened, 2-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped: tube slightly
exceeding the calyx. Fruit as broad as long.—About 30 species, mostly in
tropical uei IE FROG-FRUITS.
Plant herbaceous: leaf-blades not rugos
Leaf- Roi mostly broadest above the middle, toothed 2m above the middle to
apex: calyx-lobes shorter than the tube: fruit
a cent at the apex 1. P. a
Leaf-blades mostly broadest below the middle, toothed
from below the middle to the apex: calyx-lobes longer
the tube: fruit glabrous.
than . P. lanceo
Plant partly woody below : leaf-blades rugose.
. P. Stocchadi itu:
eto
1. P. nodiflora (L.) Greene. Plants soft-strigillose, with creeping branches
2-13 dm. long: leaf- blades spatulate, 1-3 em. long: spikes 10-30 mm. long:
1140 | VERBENACEAE
ealyx about 2 mm. long: lia p or
un white, about 2 mm. long: fruits
about mm. long. Qus nodiflora
Michx. ]
low sandy places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.,
i eel (W. I., Mex , C. A, S. A.)
—All yea
2. P. lanceolata (Michx.) Greene.
Branches creeping, 1-4 dm. long: dut
ae elliptic-lanceolate n lanceolate, 1. es
ong: spikes 9- ong; braet
EU dilate corolla bluish. white about 3
‘mm. long. [Lippia lanceolata Michx.]—
e banks and shores, various Dore)
Fla. to Tex., Minn., and N. J.—Spr.-sum. --
3. P. stoechadifolia (L.) Small. Plant rough-strigillose, e or with vine-
like branches: leaf- cag es thick, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 2-12 em. long,
acute, serrate, rugose, the veins impressed above, pro put "ben eath: heads
globose or depressed, pem ming s ab sometimes elongate: calyx 2-2.5
long: corolla purplish, about 3 long: fruit 1.5-2 mm. long. [Lippia
pie et ee H.B.K.]—Prairies, fui. Keys, Fla.—(JF. I.)—-All yea
5. GONIOSTACHYUM Small. Shrubs or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades
mostly toothed. Flowers in congeste
i r f
within, much longer nu the calyx—Six
or 8 species, in tropical America.
1. G. citrosum Small. Stems pale-gray or
whitish: leaf-blades iu 5s to elliptic-
sha
Fla — (W. I. )—All yea
6. PRIVA Adans. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades thin, toothed. Flowers
in elongate slender spikes or racemes. Calyx
-obed. Corolla white or lavender, slightly
2-lipped. Stamens 4. Staminodia minute or
obsolete. Nutlets tubereulate or spiny.—
About 10 species, of tropical regions.
1. P. lappulac (L.) Pers. Stems 2-6
E echinata Juss. |—(VELVET- pe ae
ocks and cult. grounds, Key Wes pra
I., Mez., C. A., S. A.).
VERBENACEAE 1141
onchea prismatica (Jacq.) Kuntze, an annual resembling Valerianoides,
but with four perfect stamens, has been found on ballast at Mobile Bay.
7. VALERIANOIDES Boerh. Herbs, or shrubby plants. Leaf-blades
toothed. Flowers sessile on a t rachis
j C
colored, salverform, slightly 2-lipped
Stamens 2. 'Staminodia 2.—A bout 40 species,
of tropie regions.
V. jamaicensis d pe Plant
with ee or decumbent branches, 6- iB
dm. long: leaf-blades elliptic, ore or ov val,
2-8 cm. long: spikes vi irgate, quill- like:
ae ee violet, 8-11 mm. lon ng ; limb 7—
8.5 n vide. [Stac dci me jamaicensis
(L )v i1]—Pinelands coastal sand-dunes
and waste-pl , S pen. Fla., Florida Keys,
S. A.)
and S Ala POP. L, Mex. C. A.,
8. LANTANA L hr rel
Leaf-blades toothed. Flowers i Much 24 5d spikes. Calyx ahal
lowly 2—5-lobed or truncate. Corolla white or colored: tube slightly curved:
limb irregular. Stamens 4. rupes more or less juicy.—About 60 species, in
warm and tropical regions.—Spr.-fall or all year S.—SHRUB-VERBENAS.
e bracted, but not involucrate.
Ste jene branches prickle-armed : leaf- blades strigose: corolla-tube over 12 mm.
Stem: a ‘and branches aparmi armed with weak duds or
less curved prickles: rollas yellow to oran 1. L. Camara.
Stems and branches COBIoE SN armed with Sout, rigid, :
hooked prickles: corollas yellow ae purple. 2. L. aculeata.
Stem and branches not prickle-armed: leaf-blades not stri-
gose: corolla-tube 10 mm. long or less.
Plants with prostrate stems and branches: drupes 2.5-3.5
mm. long. 3. L. depressa.
NIU with erect stems and branches: drupes 4-5 mm.
4. L. ovatifolia.
no diede decidedly ee ate.
es oo or utish, coarsely toothed: corolla-tube .
10 m long: 5. L. Sellowiana.
Leaf-blades rounded or retuse at the apex, crenulate: corolla-
tube 2-4 mm. 6. L.involucrata.
1. L. Camara L. Shru nas armed branehes, 10-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades
ovate to elliptie-ovate, M 7 em. long; corolla usually cream, yellow or pink,
later E to orange or searlet; limb
6-8 mm. high.—T'wo forms of this species
occur in Florida: one with acuminate leaf-
blades, derived from plants commonly
cultiv ation appa arently from the Wes t Indies,
the othe native plant with ete rela-
tively coarser-toothed leaf-blades.—In " sandy
n Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., and Ga.
L. aculeata Shrub with ead
and igidly bod branches, 2.5 dm. tall o
less: leaf- blades ovate, often br oadly bn 3-6
m. long: corolla yellow, changing to orange
or purple; limb 7-9 mm. high.—Pinelands,
and cult. grounds, pen. Fla. Nat. of W. I
1142 VERBENACEAE
L. depressa Small. Shrub with unarmed prostrate branches, 2-11 dm.
ong a "blades ovate P np. 1-3.5 em. long: spikes less than 2.5 c no
rolla yellow; tube 5—6 ong; stone of the drupe globose, 25-35
jud scarcely beaked. ed Everglade Keys, Fla
4. L. ovatifolia Britton. Shrub 2 m. tall or less: leaf-blades ovate, 3-7 em.
long, erenate-serrate: spikes over 2.5 em. Wide: eorolla yellow; tube 9-10 mm.
long: stone of the drupe ovoid, 4-5 mm. long, beaked. — Hammocks, S. pen.
Fla.—
5. L. Sellowiana Link & Otto. Shrub 3-18 dm. tall, with tomentulose foliage:
leaf-blades ovate, oval, or elliptie-ovate, 1-3 em. long, a abruptly narrowed or
truneate at the base: corolla magenta or lilae; tube puberulent; limb 8-18 mm.
high, the lower lobe elongate.—(POLECAT- GERANIUM. WEEPING-LANTANA. Um
Roadsides, waste-plaees, pinelands, and woods, Fla. Nat. of S. A.—(IF. I.)
6. hrub 4—17 dm. tall, E puberulent or tomentulose
foliage: rs ds ov val, obovate, to suborbieular, 1-3 em. long, u ud een
at bu base: n braets of the involuere 4— m. long, ciliolate: x be-
eoming 1.5 mm. long: corolla white or pue. pu Pes tube 2-4 m 2g limb
2-4 mm. high. [L. odorata L.]—(SAGE.) —Pinelan oe hammocks, “sand dunes,
S pen . Fla. and Florida Keys; S Tex.—(W. I., Mez., 'C. A . A. )
9, CITHAREXYLUM L. Shrubs or trees, sometimes spiny. Leaf-blades
d
mainly entire. Flowers in clusters or idi spikes. Calyx obscurely 5-lobe
Corolla mainly : tube straight
ne so: limb Monde blique ms
equally 5-lob Staminodium present
Stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets 2Z.—About 20 spe-
cies, tropic American
1. C. fru Shrub or small tree,
with Ens paste twigs: leaves 5-15
cm. long; be d elliptie or dus) d
veiny: spikes or emes: fruit
9-10 n mm. me : villo
Y REED )-— Hammocks and jx
pinelands, S pen. Fla. and Florida Keys.— &.
(W. I.)—-All year.
10. DURANTA L. d or trees, often spine-armed. Leaf-blades en-
tire or toothed. Flow in raeemes. Calyx more or less prominently but
minutely 5-lobed; the M plieate. Corolla
salverform or funnelform: tube mainly
curved: limb slightly unequally 5-lobed,
Staminodium mostly obsolete. Stigma 4-
d or capitate. Nutlets 4. — About 8
species, tropic Americ
D. repens L. Shrub or small tree: leaf-
blades ovate-elliptie, oval or obovate, 1.5—
m. |
fr ut 7-11 mm. in diameter, enclosed in the
VERBENACEAE | J 1143
ealyx. [D. Plumieri Jacq. a -DEWDROP.)—Hammocks, Everglade Keys,
Fla. and Florida Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—The accrescent calyx be-
cone golden-yellow.
11. CALLICARPA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades simple. Flowers in
axillary cymes. Calyx shallowly 4-lobed or nearly truncate. Corolla white or
colored, rotate-funnelform or funnelform, F
typically 4-lobed, the tube straight. Fila-
ments adnate to the corolla-tube, glabrous.
Stigmas ee Drupe very juicy.—About
35 species, American, Asiatic, and Afri-
can.—BEAUTY-BERRIES.
C. americana L. Shrub 1-2 m
. tall,
a vine, stellate-pubescent: leaf- blades RI
elliptie or xe serrate: calyx 1-1. m.
(e ng: e i
vide,
fruit ix or magenta, 4-5 mm
eter.—(FRENCH-MULBERRY.)— Woo thick-
ets, hammocks and pinelands, Coas tal Plain and adj. Ds Fla. Tex
Ar k., and S Va.—Spr.—fall, or all year northward.—There are white-flowered
iu
124 CLERODENDRON pi L. Shrubs or pd or half-shrubs.
Leaves opposite: blades simple, toothed. Flowers in dense terminal cym
Calyx prominently 5-lobed. Cor ks white or highly Mower funn d or
salverform: tube slightly curved: limb 5-lobed. Filaments adnate to above the
middle of the corolla-tube. Stigmas slender. Drupe lobed or ribbed.—About
100 species, in tropical regions.—GLORYBOWERS.—Spr.—fall, or all year S.
Corolla-tube slightly exceeding the calyx: calyx-lobes as long as the Ha or longer.
1. C. fragrans.
Corolla-tube several times longer than the calyx: calyx-lobes shorter
than the tube. 2. C. foetidum.
1. C.fragrans Vent. Shrub 1-3 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate to deltoid, 9-25 e
long, mostly abruptly pointed, coar v on d E toothed, finely pubescent
beneath, truncate or shallowly cordate
base, o p eymes conges era ca a
15-19 mm. long; lobes subulate or subulate-
TRTA acuminate, VINEA ipe: 22—28
mm. long; lobes nearly as long as e tube,
or shorter, white or blue-tinged. Pest]
represented by the d with double-flowers.
—Thickets, roadsides, waste-places, Fla.
Nat. of eastern Asia —(W I
2. C. Bunge. Shrub 1-2 m. tall:
leaf-blades deltoid-ovate, 6-15 cm. long, &
sli ser-
at the ba
long-petioled: cymes rather compact: calyx
5-6 mm. long; lobes triangular-lanceolate,
1144
AVICENNIACEAE
shorter than the tube: corolla 18-22 mm. long; tube very ad lobes lilae or
red-purple.—Fields and roadsides, Coastal Plain, N Fla. t
13. SIPHONANTHUS L. Shrubs or half-shrubs.
entire.
curved. Filam
the corolla-tube.
Corolla white or nearly
c
©
ents "i te to the middle of
Nat t. of China.
Leaf-blades simple,
Flowers in axillary cymes, sometimes aggregated in a panicle.
loosely spreading. .
so, slender-funnelfor 5-lo the tu
Calyx
Stigmas slender. Drupe/7-7;
obed.—About 6 species, natives of the Old j
World tropics.
. S. indicus L. Plant 1-4 tall, the
twigs glabrous: leaf- blades RA or
m.
elliptic Cage oe to elliptic, 5-16 c
long, enti labrous, cr tioled : ealy:
13-1 obes ovat
1 | i
drupe 8-10 mm. long.—(TuRK’s- pO (
—Waste-places, roadsides, and us Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.
Nat. of E. I. and cult.—(W. I., Mez., S. A.)—The black fruits are conspieuous.
14. VITEX L.
rarely 1-foliolate.
Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades VG compound or
Flowers in open terminal es cymes. Calyx shal-
the base.—Abo 60 AME
ut widely dis-
tributed in warm regio
l. V. Agnus-Castus L. Shrub 1-3 m. tall,
pale-pubescent: leaf-blades 7- foliolate, the
mirae I linear d bp bun blades
2—10 ong: flow e t X
2-2.5 m ict ES diate:
Or purplish; limb 5-6 mm. broad: fruits
3.5—4 lon
sides, cent -places, , and about gardens, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., and N. C.
Nat. of Old World, and cult.—(W. I.)—Spr.-fall.
Famity 11, AVICENNIACEAE — Brack-MANGROVE FAMILY
hrubs or trees of maritime regions, the branches terete, nodose.
Leaves opposite, persistent: blades entire. l
Flowers in axillary and termi-
nal small, long-peduncled cymes. Calyx of 5 feuis distinct sepals.
Corolla of 4 partially united petals, campanulate-rotate. Androecium of
Only the following genus and 3 species, in tropical regions.
LAMIACEAE 1145
1. AVICENNIA H Leaf-blades thick. Cymes peduneled. Calyx sub-
ended by small bra Corolla incon-
spicuous, the tube and me lobes about
equal in length. Stamens erect. Stigmas 2.
Capsule thick-walled.
l. A. nitida Jacq. Shrub, or tree some-
m. tall: leaf- ‘blades leathery, el-
. long, dark-
liptie or nearly so, ; -green
above, pale, minutely ds cent pun
c lon rolla white; lobes
0 ndy h
coastal gan aa Coastal s Fla. As
Tex.— (W. I., , C. A., S. A.)—AII y
Famity 12. PHRYMACEAE — LOPSEED FAMILY
Perennial herbs, with angled stems. Leaves opposite: blades toothed.
Flowers in slender 'spikes or spike-lke racemes. yx of 5 partia ally
o
magenta-tinged, of 5 partially united o 2-lipped, the lower lip 3-
lobed. Androecium of 4 didynamous stamens. Gynoecium of 2 united
carpels. Fruit an achene included in the deflexed acerescent calyx. Com-
prises only the following genus.
1. PHRYMA L. Caulescent herbs with spreading branches. Leaf-blades
broad, coarsely toothed, i ed. aay or racemes elongate, the small
flowers opposite. Achene in the bottom o
the calyx. This genus is dud cis oe
in the Verbenaceae.
1. P. leptost achya L. Stems 3-10 d
tal, sparingly branched above, reflexed-
pubescent: leaf- nt dud - elliptic- piss
e -lanceolat
3- 5 m . long, a TA tabo ribbed, lit
longer E the slender upper lobes dur ing
anthesis: corolla white and ru ied x
about a mm. long: achene lon
—(Lop ED.) —Rie h aoe od , thiekets
arious S m es, Fla., to Tex., Man.,
N. B.—Sum.-fall. The same or a closely re-
lated species grows in eastern Asi
FAMILY 13. LAMIACEAE — Mint FAMILY
erbs or woody plants, often aromatic. Stems 4-sided. Leaves
opposite or whorled: blades simple, entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers
perfect, in open or compact cymes. Calyx of 5 partially united sepals,
regular or 2-lipped. Corolla of 5 partially united sepals, 2-lipped or
nearly regular. Androecium of 2—4 stamens, the pairs often irregular.
Gynoecium 2-carpellary. Ovary 4-celled. Fruit of 4 nutlets included
1146 f l LAMIACEAE
in the ealyx.—About 160 genera and 3,200 species, widely distributed in
tropical and temperate regions. The foliage sometimes abounds in volatile
oils.
Ovary of. 4 united carpels, merely 4-lobed: style not a i m TEEANY
or obliquely attached. e I. Ag
Ovary of 4 distinct or nearly distinct carpels: style bass:
Calyx with a crest on the upper oe o on the upper lip,
the broad lips entire, closed in fru II. SCUTELLARIEAE.
Lc Sd crest on the upper side, the lips more or
ess lo
Stamens included.
Calyx with 10 narrow spreading or recurved lobes
corolla- tube included in the calyx: Margutum
III. STACHYDEAE.
Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip truncate or with 3
broad lobes, the lower lip with 2 narrow lobes
corolla- tube o from the calyx. Dicerandra
odoratissima V. SATUREIEAE.
Stamens exserted.
Corolla conspicuously 2-lipped: lips different, the "n
pper concave. mee .
Anther-bearing stam p III. STACHXDEAE. !
Anther-bearing stame È “IV. MONARDEAE. /
e A nearly regular, or m" 2-lipped, the upper lip :
t.
Stamens 2 or 4; filaments straight and spread-
ing, or uer under the upper lip of the
corolla. V. SATUREIEAE.
Stamens 4, didynamous ; lower pair longer, lying
on the lower lip of the corolla. VI. OCIMEAE.
d
uite di fferent from the other ober calyx 2-lipp
p
l,
the lower lip large: stamens and style nearly straight. 1. TEUCRIUM.
Cip stron slightly bilateral, the middle lobe of the lower
lip ngly declined : stamens and style strongly curved
oiled. 2. 'TRICHOSTEMA.
Corolla slightly irregular, the Be o both lips nearly equal,
reading: calyx nearly regula 9. ISANTHUS.
II. SCUTELLARIEAE
Perennial or rarely annual scentless herbs, with pane
leaves and more or less 1-sided racemes or panicles 4, SCUTELLARIA.
III. STACHYDEAE
Stamens included. Msn ut 5. MARRUBIUM.
Stamens exserted.
Upper pair of filaments longer ia the lower.
nther-sacs parallel or nearly s
Upper pair of stamens declined, lower pair ascend-
ing: erect herbs. 6. AGASTACHE,
uo and lower pair of stamens ascending: trail-
g herbs. T. MEEHANIA.
Amther- -sacs diverging.
s in terminal raceme-like panicles: erect
1er 8. NEPET
Flov es in axillary clusters: creeping herbs. 9. Garcons.
Upper pair of filaments shorter than the lower.
Calyx manifestly 2-lipped.
Upper lip of the calyx broad, with 3 lobes, the
lower with 2 tooth-like lobes 10. PRUNELLA.
o lip of the calyx narrow, entire, the lower
equal broad lobes 11. MACBRIDEA.
Calyx dot 2-lipped, often slightly irregular, but the
lobes essentially similar.
Tube of the calyx faintly nerved, inflated at
maturity.
Calyx-lobes 5. . 12. DRACOCEPHALUM.
Calyx- lobes 4. "13. SYNANDRA.
* .— .— V
UD. ee GNE
LAMIACEAE 1147
Tube of the calyx prominently 5-10-nerved, not
inflated at maturity.
Anther-sacs transversely 2-valved. 14. GALEOPSIS.
Ant a i. not transversely 2-valved. x
lets 3-sided, truneate above.
alyx-lobes 'not pns tipped. 15. LAMIUM,
Calyx. B spine-ti
Calyx-lobes 5. 16. LEONURUS.
Cix lobes 8-10. 17. LEONOTIS.
Nutlets nearly terete, rounded above. 18. STACHYS.
IV. MONARDEAE
Connective of the anther elongate, bearing a perfect sac at
one end and a rudimentary one at the other: irae cag -throat
labrous or merely ciliate at the oo of the lobes 19. SALVIA. .
poRna c Short: anther-saes con EE
a As not 2-lipped ; tube 15- ribbed ; teeth nearly equal. 20. Mo
alyx p lipped ; tube 13- ribbed ; teeth unequal. 21. BOE PA
SATUREIEAE l
Flowers in axillary whorls or clusters; these sometimes
forming terminal spike-like racemes or panicles.
Corolla 2-lipped.
Filam He Es eonverging under the upper lip of
1e co
Anther- heavins stamens 2.
Calyx gibbous ; throat closed by hairs: corolla
without folds in the throat. 22. IIEDEOMA.
Calyx not gibbous; throat not o adi hairs:
corolla with 2 folds in the th 3. STACHYDEOMA,
E stamens 4.
ue strongly bent.
TE saes divergent. 24. MELISSA.
A r-saes parallel. 25. CONRADINA.
os us straight.
Cal with 5 nearly equal lobes, not or
EU y 2-lipped.
Calyx-tube 10-ribbed. 26. PYCNOTHYMUS.
Calyx-tube 13-ribbed. 27. MICROMERIA.
A. 2-lippe l
Anther-sacs awnless. 28. CLINOPODIUM.
Anther-saes awned. 29. DICERANDRA
Filaments straight, often spreading.
Calyx-tube 15d6rved. 30. HYSSOPUS.
i st men
nther-sacs divergen
Calyx equ
ually 5- ‘lobed : erect herbs. 31. ORIGANUM.
al -lipped : creeping herbs. 32. THYMUS.
Anther-saes parallel. 33. KOELLIA.
ther-bearing stamens 2. 34. MAPPIA.
Corolla nearly regular, with 4-5 lobes
NUR bearing stamens 2: foliage ' barely aromatic. 35. LYCOPUS.
O
Anther-bearing stamens 4: foliage strongly aromatic. 36. MENTHA.
Flowers in loose terminal panicles
Lower lip of the oe fringed : native plants.
Anther-bearing stamens 4. 37. MICHELIELLA.
Anther-bearing TE 2. 38. COLLINSONIA.
Lower lip of the corolla not fringed : naturalized Poss 39. PERILLA
VI MEAE
Calyx with nearly equal lobes: corolla eid a saccate droop-
ing lower lip. 40. HYPTIS.
Calyx with a broad decurrent upper lobe: corolla-lips nearly
equal in length. 41. OCIMUM.
1. TEUCRIUM. [Tourn.] L. ae strict herbs. Leaf-blades toothed
Flowers in raceme-like panicles. Calyx 2-lipped. Corolla mainly pink, very
irregular: upper lip minute, split Dou p 3-lobed, projecting beyond the
upper one: tube relatively joue. Siamese lying against the upper side of the
eorolla.—More than 100 species, widely distributed.— WOoOD-SAGES. GERMAN-
S |
1148 LAMIACEAE
Leaf-blades nd rounded at the base: stem closely canescent: uir calyx-lobes
acute or acu T. canadense.
Leaf-blades mains narrowed at the base: stem downy-canescent:
roader calyx-lobes obtuse.
Calyx prominently ribbed at maturity: corolla glandular-
puberulent. 2. T. Nashii.
Calyx not ribbed at maturity: corolla pubescent. 3. T. littorale.
T. canadense L. Es 2-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades relatively thin, ovate to
elliptic ovate, 6—14 em. long, pubescent be-
neath: calyx Benne 6-8 mm. long; lower
lobes acuminate: corolla purplish or pink,
15-20 m DE nutlets about 2.5 mm. long,
wrinkled.—Lov v groun nds, fields, river- banks,
and roadsides, various ‘provi nees, Ga. to Tex.,
Minn., and Me.—Sum
Kearney. Stem 3-14 dm.
tall: Pier blades E. elli ipti ie to lanceo-
late, long, whitish-pubescent be-
SE ie pm ne mm. long; lower
m. lo
g
Hammocks, thickets, and wet grounds, often
in ealeareous soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.,
and S. C.—Spr.-fall or all year
T. littorale Bicknell. n 3-5 dm. Bo leaf -blades narrowly elliptie
h
to elliptic- =e 6-11 cm. long, pale whitish-pube e bene s : calyx
becoming 5-6 mm. long; lower jobs Nero pur olla pale-pink, 15-17 mm. long:
nutlets 2 mm. long. —Low sandy soil, Coastal Plain and New England coast,
Fla. to Me.—Sum
. TRICHOSTEMA. L. Annual or perennial herbs or cao plants.
Leaf-blades entire or repand. Flowers in psum A iid Calyx irregular,
2-lipped. Corolla somewhat 2-lipped, the upper hing, S S uice surpassing
pe
the lower lip. Stamens lying against the lower ion -lip.—About 10 species,
North American.—The calyx becomes inverted in fruit.
Annual plant: leaf-blades of a linear or elliptic type.
oliage viscid-pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic or lanceolate. To purum
Foliage glabrous or viscid- puberulent: leaf-blades linear. 2. T. linear
Perennial or biennial plant : leaf-blades of an obovate type. 3. T. SUP TI CECEREE
T. dichotomum a Plant 1-20 dm. tall: leaf- iss elliptic to broad-
lanceolate, 2-7 em. long: ae becoming 5-6 mm. long; lobes acuminate:
corolla blue to.white, about 5 mm. lon
Fla. to Tex., Mo. and Me.—Sum., or all
e Nutt. Plant "> dm.
coming 5-6 mm.
times pale, 6-10 mm. lo n nutle
long.—Sandy soil, "fields, thickets,
Plain, ay New En ngland. coast, Fla.
and Conn.—Sum
3. T. suffrutescens Kearney. Plant 2-4 dm
tall: leaf- blades obovate to oblong- d ue
LAMIACEAE 1149
0.5-1.5 em. long: ealyx beeoming 5-6 mm. long; corolla deep-blue, 6-8 mm.
long: nutlets 1.5 mm. long.—Scrub, Fla.—Spr.
3. ISANTHUS Michx. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades entire or sparingly
toothed. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx nearly regular. Corolla nearly
regular, the lobes spreading. Stamens
slightly ascending ——One species.
1. I. brachiatus (L.) B.S.P. Plant 1-4
dm. tall, viseid- PRU. leaf-blades ellip-
ie to linear-e elliptic, 1-4 em. long: calyx
becoming 5-6 mm. long; lobes lanceolate to
a blue;
5 :
s acts after the manner of a es
taking almost complete possession of
cently abandoned fields, especially on d
hillsides
4. SCUTELLARIA L. Annual or perennial herbs or shrubby plants.
Leaf-blades entire or toothed. SONT ers axillary or in racemes, variously colored,
blue, violet, or white i species. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip crested.
orolla with a long ea rs 2- me the upper lip arching.—About 100
species, widely distributed.—SKULLCAPS. HELMET-FLOWERS
Nutlets wingless, on a low gyn obase.
Flowers in axillary, secund racemes, I, LATERIFLORAE.
Flowers solitary in the axils or in ‘terminal panicles.
Flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, ap-
pearing raceme-like, but each pedicel bearing two
bractlets pO its base. II. AMBIGUAE.
Flowers in terminal or axillary panicle
eaf-blades above the middle of the stem cordate. III. CORDATAE.
Leaf-blades above the middle x E ay abruptly
or gradually narrowed a e bas
Leaves all with toothed P get IV. SERRATAE.
Leaves all, or those above the middle of stem
with entire blades. V. INTEGRIFOLIAE.
Nutlets membrano winged, on a slender gynobase. VI. NERVOSAE.
I. LATERIFLORAE
xi eod DE with long axillary racemes of very small
1l. S. lateriflora.
II. AMBIGU
Leaf-blades mainly toothed, lanceolate, uu corolla
.0-2 cm. long. 2. S. epilobifolia.
Leaf-blades main n entire, ovate or ovate-lanceolate:
corolla less t .) em. lon
Leaf-blades an distinctly Betioleda roots fibrous 8. S. havanensis.
Leaf-blades (ex basal ones) all sessile or nearly
SO: roo ae EOD CROUE- thickened.
SC SEIRDEOUS or puberulent: leaf-blades often revo- 4. S. ambigua.
stem densely and softly glandular-pubescent: leaf- l
blades usually flat. -5. S. parvula.
III. CORDATAE
Foliage, bed al the internodes of the stem and in-
flor cence, copiously pubescent.
1 AME by Edward Johnston Alexander.
1150 LAMIACEAE
ud leaves with petioles less than 4% as long as the
lades
Leaf blades suborbicular to broadly ovate: inflores-
cence pubescent with short close-set hairs 6. S. Oemulgee.
Leaf-blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, calves in-
florescence pubescent with villous hairs. 7. S. Cuthbertii.
Larger des with petioles over l5 as long as the
Corolla less than 15 mm. long. 8. S. arguta.
Corolla over 15 mm. lon 9
Foliage poem PE with acerca hairs at the nodes of
the stem and in the inflorescence. 10. S. saxatilis.
IV. SERRATAE
Corolla less than 2 c
Le "d a EEO abov
Corolla pubescent : Gage not glandular-pubescent. 11. S. incana.
Corolla glabrous or nearly so: calyx glandular-
pubescent. . S. alabamensis.
Leaf-blades pubesce
Leaf-blades in m Ene serrate. 13. S. Altamaha.
DR d b obtuse, coarsely crenate. 14. S. ovalifolia.
Corolla Fe 2c EH
Foliage sabre nearly so: inflorescence not
branched, ap a raceme-like. 5. S. serrata.
p
Poiape especially the stem, “finel y and closely pubes-
ent: inflorescence branched, thus showing its
paniculata Pu
Corolla between 2 and 2.5 s S 16. S. Mellichampii.
Corolla between 2.5 and 3 c lon
Leaf-blades acute, "relatively er corolla nearly
labrous.
DOE obtuse, relatively small: corolla
. montana.
art
~]
Nn
18. S. arenicola.
. ÍNTEGRIFOLIAE
Upper lip of the corolla shorter than the throat.
Leaf-blades and corollas glabrous or nearly so. 19. S. glabriuscula.
Leaf-bl a es and corollas variously pubescent.
Upper lip of the corolla exceeding the lowe 20. S. integrifolia.
Ue ib of the corolla exceeded by the em 21. S. multiglandulosa.
Upper lip of the corolla longer than the throat. 22. S. floridana.
VI. NERV
Slender plant: blades of the lower leaves slender. Daoa
those of the upper ones sessile : bracts nearly e 23. S. nervosa.
S. lateriflora L. Plant erect or recl ining, 2-10 dm. long, glabrous or
puberu ulent above: ed bend thinnish, ovate to ovate- lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long,
eoarsely-serrate: flow eeund and erowded
1 eral
in lat racemes rit, coming 3—4 mm
long: corol —7 mm. long: nutlets about BES
1 mm. g.—(Map-Doc SK j— =
aea stream-banks, and ee various
pro Fla. to N. M., B. C., Ont., and
Ne irr ox —fall.
2. S. epilobifolia Hamilt. Plant 2-9 dm
tall, som
Tende olate to ovate-laneeolate, 2-6 em. long,
dodi s very short petioled or ses-
sile: calyx becoming 6—7 mm. long: corolla
= out mm.
galericulata (Chapm. Fl. Fl. . 8.) ]—
Wet thickets un swamps, Blue Ridge and more northern ea N. C. to
Tenn., Nebr., N. M., Ariz., Alas., Ont., and Newf.—Sum.—fal
3. S. havanensis J acq. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, hoary-pubescent: leaf-blades
orbieular-ovate to ovate, 3-6 mm. long, those of the lower ones sometimes shal-
LAMIACEAE 1151
lowly Eee calyx becoming 3 mm. long: corolla 13-14 mm. long; lower lip
7-8 mm. wide: nutlets fully 1 mm. long. [S. cubensis A. Ric E S. longiflora
mi ]- -Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.—(W. I. )—AIL yea
mbigua Nutt. Plant 0.5—4 dm. tall, glabrous. or puberulent: leaf-blades
. long; lower lip 4-4.5 mm. wide: nutlets fully 1 mm. E parvula
(Fl. SE. U. S.)]—Dry soil, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., S. D., and Que.—
m.
arvula Miehx. Plant 0.5-4 dm. tall, densely and softly glandular-
pubescent: leaf-blades age teens to ovate, or ovate- lan sad raed on the upper
part of the stem, 1-2 em. long: calyx becoming 5-6 mm. long: corolla 6—10
mm. long; lower li ip 3.5-4 mm. wide: nutlets barely 1 mm. XR ng. [S. campestris
, Ia., and
a a or damp 56il, various provinces, Ga. to Tex. Kans.
Que
6. S. on mulgee Small Plant 4- a dm. tall, age RT leaf-blades
hickish, e to ovate, 3-8 e . long, c crenate: a 20-25 mm. long;
lower lip 6-7 wide.—River- RUM in the eee a Ga Sum
7. S. Cuthbertii Alexander. Plant 2-6 dm. tall, softly-pubescent, especially
ere leaf-blades firm, ovate t ee -lanceolate, acute, soft, velvety-pubescent
above and beneath, petioles aa larger veins usually purplish, 2-7 ¢ n
crenate: inflorescence _ villous with FTE ar ai rl braeted, the
o ae cordate ve D oming 5-7 m m. long: corolla 16-20 mm. lon ng;
lower lip about 6 m ong, 8 mm. wide — Rich end Or aa ood. Pied-
on and A AA Ga. and Ala Nus
. arguta Buekl. Plant 3-5 dm. tall pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to
elliptic- -ovate, 2—5 E . long, Er erenate- dentate; calyx becoming 5 mm. long:
a 19-14 m . long; lower lip 5-6 mm. wide: nutlets 1 mm. o — Hil-
Pid "Blue Ridge, Ga. to N. Cp —Sum.
.9. S. ovata Hil. Plant 1-6 dm. pe softly- P leaf-blades orbicular-
ovate to lance-ovate, 3—10 cm. long, serrate: inflor vindi cane gear?
bracted (conspicuously ap ae ee blades D beneath S.
bracteata): calyx becoming 6-7 mm. long: corolla 19-21 m B doas ome Tip
about 6 mm. pe ng an 6 mm d deeply icd at the apex: nutlets about
1.5 mm. long. LS. cordifolia Muhl. E versicolor Nutt.|—Moist banks, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn, and Pa.—Spr.-sum.
10. S. saxatilis Riddell. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, nearly d doen ie leaf-
blades os or ovate to ovate- lanceolate, 1-4 ong, Pr erenate
r serrate-e oda calyx becoming 4-5 mm. long: EA 19-1 mm. long;
ae P 5-6 m. wide: pr 1 mm. long.—Sandy soil various Lon Ga.
, Ohio, d Del.—Spr. & sum.
11. S. incana Muhl. Plant 5-12 dm. tall, finely-pubescent : ed blades 4-12
em. long, serrate or crenate-serrate, usually ‘pubescent beneath: calyx becomin
6-7 mm. long, canescent “a white, ee hairs: corolla pas mm. long;
lower lip nns wide: nutlets about 1.5 mm. long. [S. canescens Nutt.
S. villosa L]— “Woods poss banks, p thiekets, various BUE nees N of
Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Mich., and Ont.—Sum
12. S. alabamensis Alexander. Plant 4.5-7 em. tall, x d s pec
below: leaf-blades ovate or ovate lanceolate bu elliptic, 4-5 e rate-
erenate, ciliate on the margin and veins in Cee nce sae and
crowded, hirsute with eglandular hairs: E endis pubescent : Cordi
glabrous or nearly so, 18-20 mm. long; upper lip as long as the throat or
1152 LAMIACEAE
slightly eee lower lip 6-8 mm. wide.—Dry woods, Appalachian Valley,
Ala.—Sum
13. S. tamaha Small. Plant 2-4 dm. tall, d eanescent: leaf-blades
ovate to oe pane pb ed, 1.5-5 mm rate,
5 : long, se the e lobe
usually acute: inflorescence very. ciel Med eae “tales becoming 4 mm
long: corolla ii T mm. long ; ; lower lip 5-6 mm. wide.—Pinelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.-
14. S. lifolia Pers. Plant 1-6 dm. tall, finely nn with long, spread-
ing hairs: leaf-blades ovate or deltoid- ovate, 1.5—4.5 em. long, coarsely crenate,
. the terminal lobe usually osi ealyx becoming spor! mm. long: corolla
12-15 mm. long; lower lip 5-7 mm. wide: nutlets about 1 mm. long. -[S. pilosa
a 1 Dus banks, woods, and bien various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Mich., and N. Y.—Spr.
15. S. serrata Andr. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, uidi imes puberulent: leaf-blades
Ed oval, rds. or ovate, 4—10 em. long, serrate or ud ipa ealyx
becoming 6 m. long: corolla 20 -25 mm. long; lower lip 7 wi
nutlets o I. 5 mm. long.—Woods, various c e N of Coastal Plain, Ala,
o Ill, N. Y., and S. C.—Spr.
S. Mellichampii Small Plant 4-6 dm. e — pn aad blades
ovate to ur aoe -oval, 3-6 cm. long, eu alyx ming 4-5 long:
corolla 20-2 . lo xL ogee lip 8-9 mm. aie bas soil, Coastal Plain,
Ga. and 8. c. oun
7. S. mo a Chapm. Plant 3-5 dm. tall, softly pubescent: leaf-blades
ovate to oe iu or elliptie, - a em. long, co ag crenate-serrate,
pane te at the base: calyx becoming 7 long: a 28-35 mm. long;
lower lip 10-12 mm. wide.—Woods and chick ate: Blue pee and eese
Valley,-Ga. and Ala.— Sum.
18. S. arenicola Small. Plant 2—4 dm. tall, finely nein per inis ovate
to e UE 1.5-3 em. long, sharply serrate or crenate-serr alyx oming
5 mm. long: co rolla 20-26 mm. long; lower lip 9-10 mm. de ene 1-1.5
mm. ene -—Sandy pinelands and scrub, pen. Fla.—Sum
19. S. glabriuscula Fernald. Plant 3-6 dm. tall, puberulent: pages of the
ower a elliptic, those of the upper 1 linear -spatulate, entire: infloresce nce
short-branched : s becoming 5-5 ong: corolla. Seer glabrous, 2 23-
26 mm. o. ; lower lip 8-9 mm. a nae ae ——Sandy soil, N Fla
à —fall.
S. integrifolia L. Plant 2-6 dm. tall, softly pubescent: blades of the
ia leaves ovate to elliptic-ovate, coarsely crenate, those of the upper ones
ating to |. bind or linear, entire: inflorescence branched un-
branched: x becoming 6—7 mm. long: corolla p blue-violet, 21— 25 m
nd. pets rn " shallo ws notched: m i 1 mm. long.—Woo ods , pastores
and thiekets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo. und Mass.—Spr.
1. S. multiglandulosa (Kearney) n Plant 1- 2 A pus tall, acre
pubescent leaf-blades v pines those of the lower lea val to 'elliptie 1-2
. long, often coarsely e nate, pes of the upper ie. elliptic to linear-
eed entire: inflor ee ce not branched; enis diae 5-6 mm. long:
ene o -blue or often white, 20-25 mm. long; lower lip 4-lobed, 10-11
ets 1.5 mm. long.—Dry ie and nad fields, "Coastal
Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.
| oe Chapm. Plant 2-4 dm. tall, puberulent: leaf-blades eripi
linear, 1-2.5 em. long, entire: inflorescence not branched; calyx becoming
LAMIACEAE 1153
long: corolla blue-violet, 20-25 mm. long ; ; lower lip 12-13 mm. wide,
dou. notched.—Pineland swamps, Fla.—Sum
23. S. nervosa Pursh. Plant 1-4 cm. tall minutely p leaf-blades
a to ovate or lanceolate oe 94 cm. long, undulate or Seide
de il becoming about 5 mm. long: cor olla 6— 10 m m. long; ; lower lip
wide: nutlets 1-2 lore. — Thickets and woods, various a neces
N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Mo. and Ont.—Spr.-sum
9. MARRUBIUM [Tourn.] L. “Perennial low or diffuse herbs. Leaf-
blades toothed, often rugose. Flowers in dense axillary clusters. Calyx nearly
regular, 10-lobed; lobes slender, spreading
‘or recurved, sometimes unequal. Corolla 2-
lipped: upper lip erect: lower lip spread-
the ipu middle lobe much larger than
2 lateral ones. Filaments somewhat
da than A anthers.—About 40 species,
natives of the Old World.
e L. Plant 2-9 dm. tall, white-
ME leaf. blades xcd oval,
, 1-4 em. long, crenate, rugose calyx
1o is Ee ; lobes hooked: Cord white,
5-6 long; upper lip deeply notched:
ie BE 2 mm. long.— (HOARHOUND. )—
po waste- PR and on roadsides, Me provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif.,
B. C., and Me. Native of Eu.—(Mez.)—Spr.-s
6. AGASTACHE Clayt. Perennial tall herbs. Leaf-blades many-toothed,
not rugose. Flowers many in dense panicles. Calyx nearly regular, scarcely
j ; 1 h e
a large spreading middle lobe. Filaments elongate. [Lophanthus Ben th., in
part.]—A bout 8 species, North Ameriean.—Sum.—Gi1ANT HYSSOPS.
Calyx-lobes obtuse or acute: corolla greenish-yellow: prec e TO
nepetoi
Calyx-lobes acuminate: corolla purplish: bracts acuminate, 2. A.s crophulariaefolia.
A. nepetoides (L.) Kuntze. Stem glabrous - nearly so, 1-2 m. tall:
leaf- blades ovate to ovate- "NECI. 5-12 em. long: calyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes
ovate or elliptic er corolla 7-9 mm. long,
anon exceeding the calyx: oe s minutely l
pub [L. nepetoides Benth. ]—
sides, EO. and woods, ae provinces,
Ga. to Ky., Minn., Que., and Mas
2. A. E ee (Wild.) Kuntze.
Stem finely hirsute, 1-2 m. tall: leaf-blades
ovate to ovate- PRORA or elliptie above:
re 6-7 mm. long; lobes la Ere a
6-8 mm. long, much ris e
sd hispidulous. [L. s Dono: oti
th.]—Thickets, woods, an nd fence-rows,
ux provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, N.
C., to Mo., Ont., and N. H.
79
1154 LAMIACEAE
7. MEEHANIA Britton. Perennial decumbent or creeping herbs. Leaf-
blades few, crenate. Flowers few in a l- sided raceme. Calyx nearly regular,
15-ribbed, 5- lobed; lobes erect. Du 2-
longer than the 2 lateral ones. Filaments not
exceeding the upper corrolla-lip.—One species.
1. M. baee Ao Britton. Stem an nd r
ners 1.5-11 est spa pi nds ee leaf-
r to
rarely white, 2. cm. long; nutlets about 2
mm. long. [Cedronella c cordata Benth. NU oe various provinces N of
Coastal Plain, N. C. to Tenn., Ky., and Pa.—Spr.-
8. NEPETA L. Annual or perennial, erect, branching herbs. Leaf-blades
toothed or ineised. wers in axillary elusters whieh are sometimes borne in
lobed: lo
slightly longer than the lower. ee 2-lipped:
upper lip erect: lower lip spreading, the larger
middle lobe toothed. Filaments relatively slender,
usually filiform.——A mount 150 species, Eurasian.
1. N. Cataria L. Plant pale-green, 3-11 dm.
tall, e ene -pubeseent: leaf-blades ovate to tri-
angular-ov 4—7 em. ae erenate or Mig
crenate, Dis eordate: ealyx 5-6 mm. long;
lobes subulate or lanceolate- dads corolla
pale, va ds ted, 6-7 mm. long: n cd about 1 m ong.— (CAT-MINT.
CATNIP.) —W aste- Mem du woods, and roadsides, uis pore Ga. to
La., Kans., Minn. and N. B. Nat of Eu.—Sum.—fall.
9. GLECOMA L. Perennial creeping herbs. Leaf-blades toothed. Flow-
ers in axillary clusters. Calyx slightly 2- epee 15-ribbed, 5-lobed: lobes
unequal, relatively short. Corolla 2-lippe
upper lip erect: lower "E ci eading, the noo:
middle lobe notched. laments relatively
slender.—About 6 species, dm
G. hederacea L. Plant dark-green, the
Rua 1-11 dm. long, hirsute: leaf-blades
reniform to suborbieular, uti em. i nou
ate: cal
nutlets o uA mm E [Nepeta
| —7 ‘oh
subulate-tipped: coroll TN or ae 10-15
mm. long:
Glechoma "Benth .] — Gro á
THE-GROUND. )— Bänke a thickets, cedi 3 NOUS Ga. to Kans., Ont., and
Newf. Nat. —Spr.
LAMIACEAE 1155
10. PRUNELLA L. Perennial erect or diffuse herbs. Leaf-blades
tcothed or laciniate. Flowers mostly in compact panicles. Calyx 2-lipped:
upper lip with 3 broad lobes: lower lip with 2 narrow lobes. Corolla 2-lipped:
upper lip arched: lower lip with the broad middle lobe generally toothed.
Filaments relatively long, 2 of them i at the apex. [Brunella L.]—About
5 species, widely distributed.—SELF-HEALS. HEALS-ALLS. BLUE-CURLS
Leaf-blades entire or shallowly toothed: calyx 10—11 mm. long; lobes of the lower
lip subulate tipped. 1. P. vulgaris.
Leaf-blades, at least the upper ones, pinnatifid: calyx 8-9 mm.
long; lobes of the lower lip lanceolate. 2. P. laciniata.
"m hi vulgaris L. Stem 0.5-4 dm. long: leaf-blades ovate, elliptic, n lanceo-
, 2—7.5 em. long, un o bracts mostly reniform: ca lyx 10-11 mm. long;
corolla
i. of the upper lip m nate
purple or ibn. pice) 14.18 m. long:
nutlets about — (CARPENTER-
long.
—Fields, “thickets = waste-places,
U; S. and an., Nat pr.-fall.—
Also called SNAKEWEED mon the belief that
a snake hole is hidden under the plant.
a L. Plant similar to P.
vulgaris in d but od Lan e
blades of the m-lea S pin
natifid: eor ola. mc or pu e e
mer and lawns, various province S, N. C.
Nat. of
u
any forms in the above two species.
11. MACBRIDEA Ell Perennial erect herbs. Leaf-blades entire or
wers in axillary clustered broad- leafed eymes. Calyx strongly 2-
r
2-lipped: upper lip arching: lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4: anthers pubescent.
—Two species.
Corolla na the upper lip notehed; lateral lobes of the lower lip as Mere the
middle 1;
Corolla rose-purple, a the upper lip a lateral lobes of the
lower lip much narrower than the middle 2. M. pulchra.
1. M. alba Chapm. Stem 3-5 dm. tall, simply or rarely branched: leaf-blades
dm spatula to d rather fleshy, 2-8 em. long, obtuse, undulate or
and, the lower Pho ith margined peti- AON
Uie the ees sile: ec ieles few flow-
ered: braets elliptic- ovate i orbieular, ob-
His ds very short: calyx becoming
10— bi ong, glabrous or cus so; lobes
about as um ng as the tube, the larger ones Ù
T it b whi te, 2. 3 cm
long the upper lip hooded, near rly e ect, the
ied lip spreading, the lobes tonc ee a or
early truncate ——Pineland swamps and low
oui es, N Fla.—Sum
2. M. pulchra Ell. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, usu-
al
elliptic, 4-8 cm. long, acute or acumin
both ends, undulate or repand-serrate, the
1156 LAMIACEAE
lower ones slender-petioled, the upper sessile: panicles few-flowered : ed
ovate or elliptic, mostly obtuse: pedicels very short: calyx becoming 9-10 m
han ma
]
rose-purple striped with white and purple, 3-3.0 ps pes tube abruptly dilated
near the middle, the upper lip suborbieular, 1 e n diameter, the lower lip
with a notched middle lobe and truncate lateral pe ——Swamps and marshes,.
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Sum.-fall.
DRACOCEPHALUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial, erect or reclining
iuis po i typieally narrow, usually toothed, at least near the apex.
Flowers purplish-pink to white, in spike-like racemes. Ca alyx essentially regu-
lar: lobes 5, shorter than the tube. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip arched, entire:
lower lip 3 obe d. Mcr i filaments elongate, one pair sometimes glabrous.
[Physostegia | Benth.]—4A bo 7 species, North Ameriean.—Sum.—FALSE
DRAGON-HEADS. OBEDIENT PLANTS.
Corolla over 2 cm.
long.
Leaf-blades entire or with blunt teeth.
Mature calyx short-tubular, 9-11 mm. long: upper leaves conspicuously
reduced. 1. D. denticulatum.
Me calyx campanulate, 5-6.5 mm. long: upper
leav a bat "slightly reduced. 2. D. leptophyllum.
Leaf-bl Ses copiously toothed With very acute Cu d 3. D. virginianum.
| pu less than 2 em. long: mature calyx tubular, Sg 9m
ng: stem copiously leafy uD to the inflorescence Ec D. peroniciformis "m
RA i aaa
1. D. denticulatum Ait. Stem 9 dm. long: leaves few; blades spatulate
to oblong, 2-14 cm. long, thick, pad Re mostly obtuse: calyx-lobes
deltoid: corolla 20-25 mm. lon utlets
about 2 mm. ee LES denticulata. Britton]
—Swamps and river-banks, o ofte cal- 7*3
careous soil, mri provinees, Fla. id Tex.,
Kans. and Md. —Sum.—fall.
2. D. ee Small. Stems
-23 mm. long: nutlets 3-3.5
leptophylla Small} -Riv er- dons
wamps, pen. Fla.—Spr.-fal
3. D. Kea ee L. Stems 3-15 dm
long: 2 es many; blades narrowly oblong
to linear-oblong or e -lanceolate, 3-12 em. long, thickish, eee serrate
r creen serrate, ly acuminate or acute: e lane vate-
lanceolate: corolla 25- "36 m m. long: nutlets about 3 mm. long. OP. y no» iana
nth.]—Swamps, low Ule. and thickets, often in Renee. acid soil, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Que.—Sum
4. D. veroniciformis Small. Stems 5-7 dm. long: leaf-blades lanceolate to ob-
long-lanceolate i the lower part of the stem, narrowly pandurate to s
above, 5-10 em. long, undulate to erenate-undulate: ealyx-lobes mainly laneeo-
i ordeo: retuse: shorter filaments punc [P. 200250000
mall]—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, Ga.—Sum
13. SYNANDRA Nutt. Annual or biennial erect herbs. Leaf-blades
broad, toothed. Flowers in interrupted racemes. Calyx nearly regular: lobes
LAMIACEAE 1157
kon 2-lipped: upper lip arched, mM
lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4: filaments
pubescent.—One species.
= ra (Miehx.) Britton. Stem
hispid or somewhat villous:
kat bg. ps to orbieular- i. s
. long, erenate or Mn eordate: ealyx
Pu. 10 mm. long; lobes oa:
4 S. grand `
A and pue banks, Interior Low Pla-
teaus and adj. provinces, Tenn. to Ill., Ohio,
d V Spr.
| 14. GALEOPSIS L. Annual often spreading herbs. Leaf-blades broad,
toothed. lowers in crowded cymes. Calyx nearly regular: lobes 5, narrow,
L lip =
Stamens 4: filaments glabrous.—About 6
oS ee
t D Plant 2-5 dm. tall,
clusters bristly : calyx E cu 10-13 mm.
long; lobes about as long as the tube: co-
rolla pink-purple or white, mostly 15-20
mm. long: nutlets about 3 mm. long.—
(HEMP-NETTLE. )—Waste-places, fields and roadsides, various provinces, N. C.
to Alas. and Newf. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.—fall.
15. LAMIU Annual, biennial or perennial, diffuse herbs. Leaf-
blades broad, toothed or incised. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx somewhat
irregular: lobes 5, the upper ones usually the larger. Corolla blue, purple, or
white, 2-lipped: upper lip entire or merely notched: lower lip 3-lobed, the
middle lobe with a dilated blade, the lateral lobes with slender tips. Stamens
4: filaments pubescent.—About 40 species, natives of the Old World.—DEAD-
ETTLES. MONKEY-FLOWERS.
Plant annual or biennial: corolla small, less than 2 c long: middle lobe of the
~ hes corolla-lip less than 5 mm. wide; lateral lobes each with a short sharp
nd a very broad one: nutlets about 2 mm. long.
Upper pepe, with sessile or clasping blades: corolla-tube
lobe of the lower lip cuneate or reniform. 1. L. amplexicaule.
of the lower lip somewhat reniform. 2. L. purpureum.
Plant Peca. corolla mo over 2 cm. long: middle lobe
of the lower corolla-lip 1 cm. wide or nearly so; lateral
lobes each with a caudate appendage and a broad lobe: nut- l
lets about 3 mm. long. 3. L. maculatum. -
1158 LAMIACEAE
1. amplexicaule L. Stem and branches decumbent, sparingly bier
Pedes leat- El dard to orbicular-reniform, 1~3.5 wide,
crenate-lobed alyx coming 5-6 mm.
long: corolla c 13- iu . long; tube
Minden the ~ Tip with mucronate lateral
lobes and s or gir middle
lobe: nis aon —(HENBIT.)
—Roadsides, fields ae are m
and waste- places, various province d
La., Ark., Calif., B. C., ani N. B. ' Nat of
Eu.— (W. I. )—Wint. s
purpureum L. Stem
le . lo t See
with short hairs: d purple or e dera
mostly is than 1.5 em. long, the upper lip less than 5 mm. long: nutlets about 2
m. long — (Dap Err )—Cult. grounds, qoum inis shaded places, various
medi N. C. to Mo., and Newf. Nat. of Eu —Spr- um.
3. L. maculatum L. Stem and ere more or less ereeping, rather coarsely
butsparingly retrorse-pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to triangular-ovate: calyx over
10 mm. long at eant esi: with long hairs: corolla purple or white,
Bon? over 2 em. long, the upper lip about 1 em. long: nutlets about 3 mm.
long.—W aste- ro roadsides, and thickets, various bao ees N. C. and Tenn.
to Me. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.—
16. LEONURUS L. Annual, biennial, or perennial, erect herbs. Leaf-
blades broad, toothed or parted. Flowers in dense axillary cymes. Calyx some-
what irregular: lobes firm, slender. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip nearly erect:
lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe much larger than the lateral ones. Stamens 4:
filaments pubescent.—About 10 species, Eurasian.—MOTHERWORTS.
Blades of the lower leaves lobed and incised : corolla a = long as the calyx.
Upper corolla-lip hirsute: lower calyx-lobes spr g:
blades of the lower leaves coarsely lobed. 1. L. Cardiaca.
blades of the lower leaves finely PP: 2. L. sibiricus.
. Marrubiastrum.
1. L. Cardiaca L. eund 3-12 dm. tall: leaves various; blades of the
lower wi suboriicula in outline, coarsely palmately lobed, those ud the upper
ly 3-lob bed;
SON
leaves to cuneate, mostly
yx long; lobes short-subulate,
half as Jong as the tube: corolla pale-purple
9-10 m ng; nutlets t ng.
—Rondsides, waste-places, Fi k Hart va-
rious mae , to , Utah
and S. Can Nat. of T bre
L. sibiricus L. Biennial, 9-12
ta ll: leaves various ; blades of the lower cones
suborbicul outline, deeply an re
a
finely lobed than in L. Cardiaca, Tm of
the upper leaves, or nin lobes, finely pin- |
natisect; calyx long; lobes tri-
angular- subulate, CREE. poen 1 as long as
the tube: corolla purplish, 10—12 mm. long:
LAMIACEAE 1159
mi about 2 mm. long.—Roadsides and waste- Im various provinces,
Fla. to La., Pa., and Del. Nat. of Eurasia —(W. I., C. A., S8. A.)—Spr—fa ll.
3. L. Marrubiastrum L. Biennial, 8—16 Eus tall: leaf-blades ovate to pA
ovate, ic toothed: ealyx about 5 mm. long; lobes subulate, about pu
e i as the tube: corolla whitish, p t 5 mm lon ng: nutlets about
Aunt te-places, oo and stream- i Fla. B Pa. and D a Nat,
4 ee -—Sum.—fal
17. LEONOTIS L. Annual or perennial erect herbs or pe plants.
ly
Leaf-blades broad, -o Flowers in dense, globular, remote cymes. Ca
curved, 2-lipped, the 8-10 lobes n ,
bristle-tipped. Corolla 2- red eurved:
per lip erect, long: lower lip much (bd
than the upper, with 3 smalllobes. Stamens
4: filaments minutely pubescent.—About 1
species, African.
to ‘ovate- deltoi 4—12 e ong, crenat
ealyx b ing '2 em. long; pper lip
longer than the tube: corolla orange-yel
low or dein 2-2.5 em. long: nutlets about
0
— (LION ao —Cult. grounds,
roadsides, and waste-places, various prov-
inces, Fla. to La., Tenn., and N. C. Nat. of S. Africa.—Sum.-fall.
18. STACHYS [Tourn.] L. Annual or (ours) perennial, erect or ee
ing herbs. Leaf-blades entire or toothed. owers in continuous or inter
rupted po Calyx nearly regular: lobes 5, shorter than the tube. Corolla
mainly purple, 2-lipped: upper lip erect: lower lip ei 3-lobed, the
middle lobe somewhat larger than the lateral ones. Stamens 4, all anther-
bearing: anthers short.—About 160 species, mostly in the pe ee zone,
HEDGE-NETTLES.
Plants native in Tex., introduced eastward: leaf-blades not rugose: pubescence
a
coarse and spreading.
Plant with annual or biennial roots. I. AGRARIAE.
Plant with perennial rootstocks.
Leaf-blades narrowed at the base. II. HYSSOPIFOLIAE.
Leaf- prae all, or some of them ‘cordate or truncate
at ase,
Petioles Joss than one-fourth as long as the
III. NUTTALLIANAE.
Petioles one-third to one-half as long as the ar
bla IV. CORDATAE.
Plants Hoda ced ‘from Old World: leaf-blades rugose: pu-
bescence lanate-tomentose, V. ITALICAE.
I. AGR
SEE plant: lower lip of tne corolla ne p the
calyx: mature calyx 2—4 mm. long. 1. S. agraria.
II. HYSSOPIFOLIAE
Leaf-blades glabrous, entire or with shallow teeth.
glabrous at maturity.
Calyx-lobes EROA -tipped : leaf-blades entire or nearly so. 2. S. hyssopifolia.
S bes not subulate-tipped: leaf-blades markedly but
hallowly toothed. 3. S. lythroides.
Leaf-blades pubescent, prominently serrate. ; 7
1160 LAMIACEAE
III. NUTTALLIA
Lower leaves with petioles but little longer us pm of the
upper.
Foliage copiously pubescent: corolla-tube slightly longer
han the calyx. 5. S. Nuttallii.
Foliage pads or nearly so: corolla-tube much longer
h e calyx . S. latidens.
Lower leaves w “with petioles several times longer than those of
Calyx-lobes E acute or acuminate, not awn-tipped.
Foli er of the inflorescence glabrous or bristly pubes-
inforescenéb glabrous or nearly so. 7. S. tenuifolia.
Infiorescence .bristly-pubescent. 8. S.a
u^ = the inflorescence puberulent or puberulent-
9. S. salvio
Cair lobes Cavndipped: 10. S. Tcu
. CORDA
Leaf-blades acuminate, 6-15 cm. long: idee FUNT ian. 11. S. cordata.
Leaf- B. obtuse or merely acute, 1-4 cm. long: species
Floridia 12. S. floridana.
V. ITA
Oy povencct: plant with obtuse, pU. nus blades. 13. S. italica.
A. ‘Ss. pups Cham. & Schlecht. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic to
m. long, crenate: calyx 2-4 mm. long; lobes shorter than the tube:
corolla is nde or pinkish, 5-6 mm. long:
I: pidas l mm. long. — Shaded ground,
La. : ruere a into the Coastal
Plain of a. —Spr.-
: .2, S. hyssopifolia Michx. Stem 2-4 dm
tall, glabrous or merely hirsute at the nodes:
leaf-blades linear or near y S0, ede m. lon
6- lon
ng:
calyx 7 mm. long, generally eee ;
lobes about as long as the tube: corolla 11-
13 mm. long: nutlets about 2 mm. long.—
Swamps, meadows, and th rui UM various
provinces, Fla. to Mich., and Mass.—Sum.
Æ S. lythroides Small. Stem 4-9 dm.
sparingly hirsute: leaf-blades broadly line
En elliptie-linear, 1.5-6 em. long, s smooth a an nd glabrous: ealyx 6—7 mm. EA
stly pubes scent ; lobes shorter than the tube: corolla about 10 mm. long:
nutleis not seen. — Sandy soil, near Tallahassee, Fla.—Sum
S. ambigua (A. Gray) Britton. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, hirsute: en
narrowly elliptic to er ae o 3—6 cm. long; pubescent: ealyx
long; lobes lanceolate, as long as the tube or arly .so: me tms mm
long: nutlets-óver 2 mm. lo n6 Moist sandy a various Deora Ga. to
j Mass.—Sum.
5. A Nu ttallii Shuttl w. Stem 4-11 dm. tall, eopiously Papas leaf- iens
te, 5-10 em. long, serrate-dentat ealyx
' E ng; AL riangular-la iceolate, less than C p Rs ng as "fhe tube: “corolla
11-1 B m: niitlets about 2 mm. long.— lopes, Blue Ridge, Ten
vo Vg
S. latidens Small. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades
oval, ovate, or (e and 4—10 em. long on the lower part of stem, larger
and narrower above, finely crenate- serrate: calyx 5.6 mm. long; lobes tri-
angular, very short: roll 11-13 mm. long: id ied 2 mm. long.—Slopes
and summits, Blue Ridge, N. C., auo Tenn. — Sum
LAMIACEAE 1161
7. S. tenuifolia Willd. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, ies or nearly so: leaf-blades -
ura ee to ood 9—10 long, serrate: calyx 6-7 mm.
is ng, sometimes sparingly ded scent; lobes qua as long as the tube or |
nearly so: yes olla 10-12 mm. long: nutlets about 2 mm. long.—Roadsides, fields,
and moist thickets, various provinces, Fla. to La., Kans., Ia., and N. Y.—Sum -
S9. S. aspera Michx. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf-blades elliptic, elliptic
lanceolate, or ovate-elliptie, 3-10 em. long, erenate-serrate: calyx 6-8 mm. long,
hirsute; lobes triangular lanceolate, shorter than the tube: corolla main ly 12-15
mm. lon ng: nutlets about 2 mm. long.—Woods and thickets, various Doc
Fla. to La., Ont., and Mec m.
9. S. salvioides Small. Stem 3-9 dm. nd peer or puberulent- n
i -blades oi to elliptie-ovate e ra 6-12 cm. long, ;
alyx 4-5 c long, hirsutulous and s aa. lobes t triangular, “acute:
corolla 9—1 10 1 mm. long; lower lip vee Pom the tube: nutlets nearly cd 5m
ong.—Stony soil, pee Plateau, Tenn. to W. Va., and Va—
0. S. Clingmanii Small. Stem 5-9 dm. tall, E meee ae blades ellip-
tie to elliptie- lanceolate, 6-12 em. long, dentate: calyx 6 long, dur
lobes lanceolate-subulate, at least E^ as long as the tube: pes about 15 m
long; lower lip about as long as the tube: age 2 mm. jong. —Open aoe
Clingman’s Dome, in the Blue Ridge of N. C. and Tenn.—Sum
11. S. cordata puis Stem 3-10 dm. tall, x e blades ovate, oval
or elliptic, 6— Lc . lo ong: erenate: calyx 4—6 m ong, hirsute; iis des
corolla 10-14 m . ]o ong; lower lip ud than p tube: pucr abou
long.—Thickets dud banks, various provinces, N. Ala. and N. C. o Ohio uf euam
"9. S. M Shuttlw. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, hirsute: aS blades elliptic to '
ovate, 1— em. long, er oe or dentate: calyx 5-7 mm ong puber ee ent; lobes
lanceolate: ola 10-13 mm. long; lower lip as e as the tube: nutlets 1.5 |
mm. or rarely smaller —Sandy soil, Fla ae -fall 5 The plant Sen: by.
means of elongate, sometimes branching tuber
13. S. italica Mill Plant 1 m. tall or less, the bs simple or SE
branched: leaf-blades a des ded -ovate or ovate, 3—15 em. long, obtu
erenate, rugose, pubescent: flower-whorls dense: br 9-12 mm. long; ium
: a
nutlets about 1 mm. long.—(MOUSE-EAR.)—Waste-plaees, cult. grounds, and
roadsides, various provinces, Fla. to Tenn., and Ont. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall.
VIA [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial, herbs, or woody plants.
Leaf- s entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers in interrupted or continuous
panicles. Calyx short, 2-lipped: upper lip 3-lobed: lower lip 1-lobed. Corolla
, 2-lipped: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe much larger than the lateral ones.
Stamens 4, but only 2 anther-bearing, or only 2: each filament surmounted by
a transverse connective, one end of which bears a gens anther. Stigmas very
unequal.—About 500 species, widely distributed.—SAc
Lower anther-sac wanting.
Anterior part of the connective linear or nearly so.
I. AZU
Anterior part of the connective abruptly dilated. II. VERBENACEAR,
Lower anther-sac present. III. Lyr
I. AZUREAE
Corolla scarlet. 1. S. coccinea.
Corolla blue, purplish, or white.
Leaf-blades narrow, usually over 4 times as long as wide. 2. S. azurea.
e
1162 LAMIACEAE
Leaf-blades broad, mostly less than ok as long as wide.
Calyx over 5 mm. long at maturi
eaf- n EIE very slightly deca ene on the petioles
Cal dis mc acute: flower-clusters approxi-
T r contiguous.
Calyx- lobes awn-tipped: flower-clusters widely
separated.
Leaf-blades ue on the petioles to their bases.
Corolla r 1 cm. long: calyx-lobes nearly erect.
S. serotina.
. S. privoides.
op eg
S. urticifolia.
Co rolla less "han 1 em. long: calyx-lobes spreading. S nii.
Calyx less than 5 mm. long at maturity.
Petioles filiform, wingless: stigmas ‘subulate.
d winged by the decurrent blades: stigmas
~l
S. Blodgettii.
8. S. occidentalis.
II. BENACE
Plant villous or villous-hirsute: ane neice to pinnatifid. 9. S. verbenacea.
III. LYRATAE
us with the leaves mainly basal; blades lyrate-pinnatifid. 10. S. lyrata.
e S. ea L. Stems 3-7 dm. tall, softly pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to
deltoid- nie 3—6 cm. Td Ee serrate: ii ln 10—12 mm. long; eo orolla
scarlet; lower lip with a S jo
lobe ios ue nutlets 2.5 m
Sandy po ocks, waste- laces, p
erc gone Plain, daos to Tex., and
S. C.—(Mez.) —Spr.-fal
S. azurea Lam. Stems 3-12 dm. e
puberulent above: leaf-blades oblong
pangs sey or linear, or rarely broader, E
long, undul or shallowly serrate:
Gis 7~9 mm. long; lower en ovate:
corolla azure- "blue or white, 13-15 mm. long:
i ipai at the top: nutlets about 3
soil, pinelands, sand-hills
aa aoe oie Plain, Fla. to Tex., and
S. Spr.-fall.
43. S. serotina L. Stems 1-7 dm. tall, finely p leaf-blades ovate to
7 bu ovate, 1-4 cm. long, crenate- -serrate: in scence usually rather
shortened, sometimes ipi hed ie meld densely pem E da ai
pubesee ent, 6-8 mm. long: a 6-10 m ong: nutlets fully ong.—
Pine lands, hammocks, and cult. pores Fla mls —fall.
y
Es S. privoides Benth. Stem 5-18 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades n 1-3
^ em. long, sharply serrate: oaa elongated and slender, the flowers scat-
tered along the rachis: calyx glandular-pubescent, 5-7 mm. long; piss lobes
awn-tipped: eorolla 5.5-6 mm. long: Le ae - mm. DUE ——Sandy places,
pen. Fla., and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A.)—Spr.—fal
S. urticifolia L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to
deltoid, 8—8 em. long, dentate or crenate: calyx 6-8 mm. long; pas lobes
wide:
cuspidate: corolla deep-blue, 11-13 mm. long, lower lip about 8 m
nutlets about 2 mm. oe -—Woods and “thickets, various provinces, Fla. p La.,
Ky., and N. C.—Spr.—
6. S. Chapmanii A. Gray. Stem 10—20 dm. tall, closely pubescent: leaf-blades
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5—8 io ie crenate-serrate: calyx 4-6 mm. long;
lower lobes acute: corolla 8-9 long; lower lip about 4 mm. wide:' nutlets
about —Spr.
L5-mm.-dong.—Sandy soil, Bore Plain, Fla. and Ala.
LAMIACEAE 1163
ZÝ S. Blodgettii Chapm. Stem. 1-7 dm. tall, minutely pubescent: leaf-blades
ovate to suborbicular, 1-2 cm. long, shallowly toothed : calyx about 4 mm. long; \
lower a acute: corolla about 8 mm. long.—Hammocks, Key West, Fla— `
All yea =
K s. occidentalis Sw. Stem 5- 2 dm. tall, oS leaf-blades ovate, 2— =
long, serrate: calyx 3-3.5 mm. long; lower 1 lobes acute: corolla abo ut 5 m
pu nutlets 2 mm. long .—Sandy soil, pen. Fla.—(IW. I., Mes., C. A., S. A )—
Spr.—fall.
9L S. verbenacea L. Stem E 6 dm. tall, hirsute or villous hirsute; blades
calyx 6- 8 m ong,
Ovate to elliptic, 3-15 em. long, incise ed or pinnati
lower e laneeolate: corolla bluish, 8-10 g:
shaggy-pubeseent mm. P :
nutlets S smooth.—Sandy soil, various provi i Sere A ran Ohio, and
of Eu.—Sum.—Salvia Scla Europe, with
viscid foliage, large cordate, gd toothed leaf- blades a wide and purple
eorollas, has been found in N. Car
AO. s. yrata L. Stem 1-6 dm tall, seape-like, pilose or hirsute: leaves mainly
““basal; blades ee oblanceolate, elliptic, or oval, 5-20 em. long, lyrate-
9—11
pinnati ifid: caly mm. long, h irsute; lower iud lanceolate: corolla blue-
purple, 20-25 mm. lo ong: nutlets granular.— (LYRE-LEAVED SAGE.) —Woods, aai
mocks, n, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo 5 d Conn ue
20. MONARDA L. Shrubs, or perennial ereet herbs. Leaf-blades
toothed. Flowers in remote or approximate dense cymes. Calyx elongate,
nearly regular: lobes 5, slender, shorter than t
: r lip narrow, erect or arched:
much longer than the lateral ones. Stamens 2: filaments elongate: anthers
with divergent sacs. About 20 species, North Ameriean.—HORSE-MINTS.
Flower-clusters terminal and solitary: oo exserted
beyond the straight upper corolla-li Subgenus I. EUMONARDA.
Flower-clusters mainly axillary, Borne. in Spike-like in-
terrupted panicles: stame ens not exceeding the curved
upper corolla- “lip. Subgenus II. CHEILYCTIS.
Subgenus I. EUM RDA
Leaf-blades roc long-petioled or on EUN
Corolla scarle
POR white, pink, or purple,
eaf-blades mem x anous, ‘deep-green : eorolla greenish
ees cream-color M. Clinopodia.
Leaf-blades firmer, barely membrano dull- or bright-
reen: corolla a pine pw or Die red.
Bubeccence: of spreading hair
Corolla, and often the Benes: lilac or purplish. 3. "m. n ru:
Corolla, and the 2s deep- purple or purple-red. 4. M. media.
Pubescence of very short appressed hairs.
Leaves on the pues part E the stem with
petioles less than 5 mm. M. scabra.
ks on the upper Sut "et the stem with
ioles over 5 mm. long. M. mollis.
Leaf-blades — A or nearly so: calyx pubescent at the mouth ;
lobes not glandular. 7T. M. Bradburiana.
. M. didyma.
om
Y
s II. CHEI
Plants perennial: calyx-lobes See E p dh or
rarely white.
Plants annual or biennial: calyx- lobes setaceous: corolla pink
or purplish.
8. M. punctata.
9. M. dispersa.
aL. Ste —12 dm. tall, sometimes sparingly pubescent: leaf-
blades eta or he A -lanceolate to ovate, 8-15 em. long, serrate: heads
1164 LAMIACEAE
showy: ealyx 7-11 mm. long; lobes subulate:
eorolla 35-50 mm. long; middle lobe of the
ower a acute.— ( BEE-BALM. SWEGO-TEA).
—Moist woods, stream-banks, thickets, e
roadsides, Blue cd and more norther
provinees, Ga. , Ont, and N. B
Sum.—fa il
2. M. Clinopodia L. Stem 3-8 dm. tall,
glabrous or sparingly Lic dii blades
rounded lateral lobes: nutlets fully 1 mm.
long. —Hillsides, w woods, and moist thickets,
various . provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Il., Ont., and N. Y.—Spr.-fall.
3. M. fistulosa L. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, villous or mod lum leaf-blades
ovate to laneeolate, 2— i em. long, remotely sharp- -serrate: bracts usually
colored: calyx 8-12 mm. long, copiously bearded in the oe lobes long-
subulate: corolla 30-34 ) mm. long; lower lip with acute lateral lobes: nutlets
fuly 1.5 mm. long.—(HORSE-MINT. ILD-BERGAMOT). —Dry hillsides, fence-
oo rocky woods, and d often in ealeareous soil, various provinces, Fla.
o La., Ont., and Me.—Sum all.
4. M. media Wild. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, pii or glabrate: leaf pode
ovate, lanee Lo or elliptie, WE em. long, serrate: ealyx 9—10 mm. lon
De ubulate: corolla 15—22 m m. long; lower lip ‘with ie lateral lobes —
Thickets and ae -banks, Blue Ridge, and more northern provinces, N. C. t
Tenn., Pa., and Me.—Sum.
5. M. scabra Beck. Stem 2-10 dm. tall, velvety-pubeseent: leaf-blades ovate
i lanceolate, 2-8 em. long, sharply, often remotely, serrate: calyx 7-9 mm.
ong; lobes subulate: corolla 20-25 mm. long, pale-purple; lower lip with
rounded la eral lobes ry soil, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ala.
o Tex., Ariz., B. C., - Man. — Sum
Similar to M. fistulosa Ex habit and to M. scabra in pubes-
su la ork
soil, Blue ee and more northern provinces, E to Tenn., S. Dak., and
Me.—Sum
. Bradburiana Beck. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, more or less villous-hirsute
aoro: leaf- es ovate to lanceolate, 3—10 em. long, serrate or nearly entire:
ealyx 9-10 mm. long; lobes subulate: corolla pink or whitish, 20-27 mm. long.
C Phickets and meee ou: provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to ‘Kans.
and Ill—Spr.-
M. punctata L. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, pui Pd leaf-blades linear-
cpt Ha oue 2—8 em. long, ser rrate alyx 8-1 long; lobes sho T
spreading: corolla yellowish and oe DT (white i in M. pun
a D. 20-25 mm. long; upper lip mainly elliptic-ovate. —Sandy elds
pastures, woods and A E in rather acid soil, various provinces, "Fla. t
Tex "Minn, and N. Y.—Sum -fa ll.
P um
LAMIACEAE 1165
9. M. dispersa Small. Stem 2-8 dm tall, puberulent: leaf-blades elliptic to
elliptic-spatulate or oblanceolate on the lower part of the stem, een elliptic
or linear above, 2-11 cm. long, shallowly serrate: s x-tu be 8-9 mm. long;
lobes spreading: corolla pink or purplish, 20—25 mm. long; lower lip with an
elliptie middle lobe.—Low grounds, various provinces Fla. to Tex., N. M., Mo.,
and Ga.—(M ex.) —Native diris rd. —Spr.-sum.
21. BLEPHILIA Raf. Perennial erect herbs. Leaf- blades indi)
toothed. Flowers in dense axillary cymes. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip 3-lobe
lower lip 2-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip erect, entire: lower lip 3- lobed,
the narrow middle lobe much longer than the others. Stamens 2, long-exserted.
—Only the following species—Sum
Cauline and floral leaves with short-petioled or nearly sessile blades: bractlets
acute or short- acuminate. . B. ciliata.
n and e 1 leaves with rather long-petioled blades: bractlets
ng-acumi 2. B. hirsuta.
DS Raf. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, softly villous-pubescent: leaf-blades
lanceolate, 5—10 em. long, shallowly toothed, short- ene or nearly s
outer braetlets usually broadly ovate; all
with a short aeuminate tips; ca lyx
8—11 M dong; corolla pink or purplish,
2. B. hirsuta (Pursh) Torr. Stem 3-10
dm. tall hirsute or villous-hirsute: leaf-
blades ovate to lanceolate, 5-12 em. lon
lobe of the lower lip rounded or slightly
notehed.—Shaded mi ade various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Wis., and Vt.
22. HEDEOMA. Pers. Annual or perennial often diffuse herbs. Leaf-
blades entire or sparingly toothed. Flowers in remote or contiguous axillary
mes, a 2-lipped, sometimes obscurely
pper lip
2-lipped: upper lip sometimes ‘aio chee:
ro
lower lip 3-lobed, commonly ader than
the lateral one. Stamens 2, accompanied
more or less reduced ones ne
by
obsolete.—About 15 species, American.
1. H. pulegioides (L.) pn Plant very
fragrant: stem 1-4 dm. tall, finely pubes-
cent: Re blades oval- veliiptio’ to elliptic, 9-
20 mm. long, sparingly serrate, pei
purple a calyx becomin 4— 5
; tubes strongly ribbed: corolla moe mm. . long, pale lilac, with a deep purple
loin on ns lowerlip.—(PENNYROYAL. MOCK-PENNYROYAL. AMERICAN-PENNY-
1166 LAMIACEAE
ROYAL.)—Dry fields and open woods, various provinces, Fla. to Nebr., Minn.,
and N. S.—Sum.
23. STACHYDEOMA Small. Perennial erect herbs. Leaf- blades toothed.
Flowers pale-lilac, in long leafy- -braeted spike-like panicles. Calyx strongly
of the lower lip subulate. Corolla 2-lipped:
upper lip entire: lower lip drooping, 3-lobed,
the lateral lobes about e the termi-
nal one. "agro ns 2, serted: anthers
shorter the Nou Staminodia
present. red glabrous.—One species.
S. graveolens (Chapm.) Sm Stem
2-6 dm. tall, hirsute: leaf- ae ODE
Sud to ovate, 10-15 mm. long: ealyx becom-
ing 7-9 mm. long; mis lip are nutlets
0.5mm.long. [Hedeoma ici dd ns Chapm.]
—Low pinelands, N Fla.—Sum
24. MELISSA [Tourn.] L. Perennial, erect herbs. Leaf-blades broad,
toothed. Flowers in axillary clusters. Nod m the broad upper lip
with 3 minute lobes, the 2 lobes of the 1
lip slender. Corolla 2-lipped: upper wee
mostly notched: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle
lobe very broad. Stamens 4, exserted.—
About 4 species, Eurasian.
1. M. officinalis L. Plant lemon-scented,
M
: : . -longc-
(BEE-BALM. LEMON-BALM.)—Roadsides and ^
waste-places, various provinces, Fla. to Ark.
Mo., and Me. Nat. of Eu.—Sum
25. CONRADINA A. Gray. Shrubs with virgate branches. Leaf-blades
narrow, entire, revolute, fasciculate. Flowers pou together in ec
eymes which are sometimes approximate. Calyx 2-lipped; upper lip 3
short and broad lobes; lower lip with 2 long and narrow lobes: corolla pes
or purplish, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, slightly concave; lower lip divergent,
3-lobed, usually dotted, the terminal lobe about the same size as the lateral
ones or smaller. Stamens 4, exserted or lying under the upper corolla lip.—
Four species, the following:
Lower corolla-lip 12-15 mm. long; lateral lobes wider than long.
1. C. grandiflora.
Lower corolla-lip 8-10 mm. long; lateral lobes longer than wide.
Calyx-tube hirsute, “villous. hirsute, or hirsutulous.
Lea f-blades pubescent on both sides: ca yx-tube hirsute or
illous-hir 2. C. canescens.
Leaf- blades EID ous above: calyx-tube hirsutulous, 3. C. montana,
Calyx-tube minutely canescent. 4. C. puberula.
LAMIACEAE 1167
1. C. grandiflora Small. Shrub 1 m. tall or less with few, virgate, P
curved ponas leaf-blades narrowly spatulate, clavate on oo of t
revolute margins, most (pulls
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or nearly so, ey least at maturity, pun
calyx becoming 6.5-7.5 mm. long, finely
pubescent: upper lip of corolla 7-9 mm.
long: nutlets nearly 1.5 mm. a
lower E coast region, Fla.—All year.
2. C. canescens (T. & M hi tlhe Reet
less than 0.5 m. tall, tiff
branches: leaf-blades i Us but
tightly revolute and thus clavate, 5-9 m
long, finely canescent: calyx becoming 45.
9.0 mm. long: upper lip of corolla 4-5 mm.»
long: nutlets fully 1 mm. lon VOTE dme us
upper Gulf coast region, Fla. and Ala.—Spr.
C. montana Small. Shrub less than 0.5 m. tall, with Eu o decum-
bent branches: leaf-blades narrowly linear, tightly revolute, long,
minutely canescent beneath: Sages becoming 6—7 mm. long; lobes Sergi
upper lip of corolla 3.5—4 mm. long: nutlets barely 1 mm. long.—Sandy woods
and ravines, Aum Plateau, near Rugby, Tenn.—Late Spr.
4. C. puberula Small. Shrub about 0.5 m. tall, with rather numerous slender
branches: leaf- 2 Bae spatulate, but revolute and slende ry clavate,
mostly 12-20 mm. long, puberulent: calyx becoming 5-7 mm lo
hirsute: upper lip Pa orolla 4-5 mm. long: nutlets fully 1 mm. i e Pine-
lands, N Gulf coast region, Fla.—Spr.
A. plant of this end Maris d near Ee Fla. has the small flowers of
C. canescens and C. pub a, but differs in the folia age and inflorescence bd ng
glabrous or nearly so, iie the ciliate a lobes, and in the abortive anthers.
26. PYCNOTHYMUS Small. Shrubs. Leaf-blades narrow, entire.
Flowers in dense raceme-like panicles. Calyx slightly ria aaa the ere lip
with 3 narrow lobes, the lower lip with 2 e
longer lobes. Coralia 2-lipped: lower li
3-lobed, the middle lobe slightly larger than
the lateral ones.—One species.
1. P. rigidus (Bart) Small. Plant 1-7 E | Me, «x
dm. tall or low and diffuse, hirsute: leaf-
re A 5-12 mm. long: calyx
2.5—3 lobes lanceolate to Bip
lanceolate: corolla light-purple, 7-8 mm.
]
t on
more erect and have lighter colored flowers ee those of the m
coastal region
1168 LAMIACEAE
27. MICROMERIA Benth. Perennial, diffuse or creeping herbs. Leaf-
blades Lo or sparingly toothed. Flowers in axillary cymes, the cymes in
ours one-flowered. Calyx with a fringe of
lavender-pink, or whitish: upper lip erec
lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe very es
tamens 4, more or less exserted.—Abou
Species, widely distributed.
M. pilosiuscula (A. Gray) Smal. Stem
a br anches sparingly depen or glab-
rate, the branches ascending or spreading,
1-4 dm. long: leaf-blades Sob ar io
lose, 4—5 mm. long, s r than the pedicel
or sometim E. BE in length; lobes 1-1.5 mm. long, ovate-deltoid, those of
the upper lip abruptly acute, acu ish, or even acuminate; corolla 7-8 mm. long,
iddle
bout as wide s lon ng, notehed.—Swamps, marshes, stream-banks, woods, and
ditehes. Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(Mez.)—Spr.-sum
M. Brownei (Sw.) Benth., a West Indian species with which the above species
has been eonfused, but which differs in the size of the calyx and the shape of
the calyx-lobes, as well as in size of plant, leaf, and flower, is not known
occur in the continental U. 8.
28. CLINOPODIUM L. Shrubs or annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-
blades entire or toothed. Flowers in sessile or peduncled axillary cymes.
Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip with 3 short lobes, the lower lip with 2 long,
narrow lobes. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip sometimes notched: lower lip
3-lobed. Stamens 4: anthers awnless.—Spr.—fall, or all i; southward.—
About 60 species, natives of the north temperate zone.—BASI
Flowers in dense axillary clusters, thus forming head-like whorls, — by
linear-filiform bractlets. "'ULGARIA.
Mw few together or solitary in the axils of the leaves, with
inute bractlets.
Pl nis herbaceous. II. HERBACEA.
Plants woody. III. FRUTICOSA.
I. VULGARIA
Stem hirsute: calyx-lobes hirsute: corolla slightly exceeding the
calyx. 1. C. vulgare.
II.
Stem and leaves pubescent: leaf-blades ovate, often broadly so. 2. C. Nepeta.
stem P leaves glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades linear to
ellipti 3. C. glabellum.
III. FRUTICOSA
Corolla over 2.5 cm. long, scarlet.
Calyx s than 1. 2 s oe corolla 3—4 cm. long. 4. C. coccineum.
Calyx r 1.5 cm. long: olla 4-5 em. long. 5. C. macrocalyz.
Corolla je pues 2 cm. long, Eu or purplish.
Leaf-blades toothed. broad and fiat.
Clusters 5-6- flowered: leaf-blades sessile or nearly so. - C. georgianum.
Clusters 1-3-flowered : leaf- n petiole C. dentatum.
Leaf-blades entire, narrow and strongly revolute. & C. Ashei
1. C. vulgare L. Stem 1-5 dm. tall, hirsute: blades of the upper leaves ovate
to ovate-lanceolate, 1—4 cm. long, undulate or crenate: calyx becoming 8-9
LAMIACEAE
mm. long, Mea hirsute: corolla white or
pink, 11-13 mm. long; middle lobe of the §
iis Es broadened upward: nutlets about
1 —( WILD BASIL-WEED.
Doa- RUP fes — ^ Roadsides, "ela e and
woods, various provinces, N. Okla.
Ariz "muss and Newf.— ee
Sum —fal
2. C. Nepeta (L.) Kuntze. Plant 2-9 dm
tall, ae pubescent: leaf-blades ovate
to orbieular- ovate, usc ms long, slightly
toothed: calyx beco ing 5-6 mm. long:
dis light- pl or nearly white, 8-9
. long.—(FIELD-BALM. BASIL-THY ME. )—
Fields and waste- places, various provinces,
Ga. to Ark., and Md. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall.
C. glabellum (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so:
blades of the upper pon LAE iS) or elliptic, sparingly serrate: calyx
becoming 5-6 mm. long: corolla purplish, 8— woes m. long.—Wet or damp banks,
Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn. and Ky.— 2. um.
4. C. coccineum SP, Kuntze. Shrub 3-9 dm. bas leaf-blades obovate to
d linear-spatulate or linear-elliptie, 0.5-2 cm. long, entire: calyx 8-11
ong; y al lobes of the upper lip A corolla scarlet, 3—4 em.
met lobes of the upper lip shorter than those of the lower. “Sandy shores,
sandhills, a hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—All yea
5. C. our fs e Similar to C. coccineum in habit: leaf-blades ——
spatulate, 1-1.5 mm. long: calyx.16-18 mm. long; lateral lobes of the upper
lip Bue orale MU searlet, 4—5 em. long; lobes of oí upper lip
longer than those of the low er.—Pinelands, E pen. Fla.—All yea
georgianum Harper. Shrub 2-6 dm. tall: leaf- m d oval
elliptie, 10-30 mm. long, shallowly serrate: ape 5-6 m ong: orolla white
or pink-purple, and d d spotted, 11-13 mm. long; m middle lobe of the lower
lip quite similar e lateral ones and i longer. [C. carolinianum
(Michx.) Hel ea rod banks, dry i. and hammocks, Coastal Plain, and
rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to ‘Miss. an . C.—Sum.-fall.
7 entatum (Chapm.) Kuntze. Shrub 3-7 dm. tall: leaf- eee obovate to
olliptie cuneate e, 5-12 mm. long, mainly bas at the apex: x 7-8 mm
lon rolla white or purplish, 11-13 mm. long; middle lobe of the lower ip
nde than the lateral ones and dre beyond them.—Sand-ridges, middle
Fla s r.—fall.
8. C. Ashei (Weatherby) cu Shrub 1-5 dm. tall: leaf- uc linear to nar-
rowly eed -elliptic, 0.5-1 em. long, entire, strongly revolute: calyx 6-8 m
long; lobes of the ‘upper lip completely fused, the tip merely shallowly tri.
dentate: Reng pinkish-purple with darker spots, 12-15 mm. long; middle lobe
of the lip broader and longer than the lateral lobes. —Scrub, Lake
Region, FI Dos r.
29. DICERANDRA. Benth. Annual erect herbs. Leaf-blades narrow,
entire. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip entire or
with 3 minute lobes, the lower lip with 2 broad lobes. Corolla 2-lipped: upper
lip broad: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe sometimes scarcely as wide as the
lateral ones. Stamens 4: anthers awned.—Three species, as follows:
Corolla pink-purple: anthers exserted: calyx purple-tinged ; TONES of the lower lip
deltoid or triangular : style pubescent to below the middle
74
1170 LAMIACEAE
Cymes nearly sessile: anther-horns blunt or E 1. D. densiflora.
Cymes n o peduncled : anther-horns acumin 2. D. linearifolia.
Corolla white: anthers included: calyx white A pere; e of
the lower lip subu ate: style nubesccnt near the tip 3. D. odoratissima.
. densiflora Benth. Stem 1-4 dm. tall: leaf- i s narrowly eus d to
linear- -elliptie, 2—4 em. long: s becoming 6-8 mm. long: corolla 11-14
long. [Ceranthera densifior Gray.]— À `~
Pine lands, Coastal Plain, E a ‘and Ga.— NN
Sum.-fal EM
"M,
2. D. linearifolia (Ell) Benth. Stem 2-4 2
dm. cam; leaf-blades linear or lanceolate,
ong: ealyx beeoming mm. long:
ioris 14-16 mm. lon ng. [Ceranthera lineari- Ô
folia El.]—Pinelands and le Coastal ON
Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga. all. `N
3. odoratissima a Wa ees 2—4 dm.
tall: leat He doxes . long: calyx
becoming 8-11 mm. long: pert 14-17 mm . €x
G
long. — Sandhills, Coastal Plain, S E
—Fall.
30. HYSSOPUS L. Perennial erect herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, entire:
d in axillary cymes or spike-like poem Calyx nearly regular, =
lobes nearly equal, shorter than the tu
Co i pes upper lip notched: eee
lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe very broad.
Stamens 4. Stigmas very short.—One spe-
cies
offici Stem 2-9 dm. tall,
eae ee "eat Mades eliptic to s.
lanceolate or em. long: calyx
0 mm. long.—(Hysso.
waste- -places, various provinces, N. C. to
Ont. and uni. also on Pacific slope. Nat.
of Eu.—Sum
31. ORIGANUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial herbs, or partially woody plants.
Leaf-blades broad, often notched. Cymes mostly borne in corymbs. Calyx
stout, nearly equally 5-lobed. Corolla 2- @
lipped: upper lip broad, slightly lobed:
lower lip with 3 rather an lobes. Stamens
4. Stigmas short.—About 30 species, na-
tives of the Old World.
1. O. vulgare L. Stem mostly simple be-
OW sparingly branched above, villous-hir-
sute: leaf-blades ovate, ~ 1.5-2.5 cm.
long, in toothed o entire: ealyx 2—
m. long; 1 poo ne ds the
tube: corolla "ede eed. or rarely white,
6-7 mm. long; lobes of the upper lip
rounded, the lateral lobes of the lower lip
LAMIACEAE 1171
rounded, the lateral dui of the lower lip broadly ovate: o less than 1 mm.
long.— ( b — Thicket
LD-M M. ets, Md E and fie various provinces,
. C. to ., and Mass. Nat. is — Sum.—-A related Ola World plant and
similar in habit, Majorana Majorana—the Sw EE oo of the panne
T-
with a 2-lipped “calyx, sometimes m from eultivatio
32. THYMUS [Tourn.] L. Perennial depressed or creeping herbs. Leaf-
blades short, mostly entire. Flowers in axillary cymes or raceme-like panieles.
Calyx 2-lipped, the iod lip with 3 short
lobes, the lower lip with 2 longer lobes.
Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip erect: lower lip
id
—About 50 species, mostly European.
1. T. Serpylum L. Plant fragrant, form-
ing depressed mats: ae E oa a bs
m or ovate, 3-10 m ong: s bee
3.5-4 m crs UM nri.
D as long as the "as corolla ELTE h,
eae i long as the a nutlets less than
l m ng.—(CREEPING-THYME. HYME
Meadows, aa and fields, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, N. C.
to W. Va. and N.S. Nat of E Sum.
33. KOELLIA Moench. Perennial erect herbs. Leaf-blades entire or
shallowly toothed, those of the upper leaves, like the bracts, often more or less
whitened. owers in dense axillary and terminal cymes, pale with 1
spots. Calyx nearly regular or somewhat 2-lipped, the lobes or or elongate.
MINTS. HORSE-MINTS. BASILS 2 e 20 speeies, North American.
ros ee apparently naked, the bracts small and incon-
spic
Elowerensténs conspicuously bracted.
o not 2-lpped, lobes equal or nearly so. .
much eaceeding the calyx: calyx-lobes not aris-
I. NUDAE.
3 LANCEOLATAE,
orolla about as long as the calyx: calyx-lobes aristate. III ARISTATAE.
Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, the three upper lobes partly united. IV. INCANAE.
I. Nup
Stem strict, topped by a corymb-like cyme: Po clusters
perma nently mall. 1. K. nuda.
IT. LANCEOLATAE
Bractlets ciliolate.
Calyx-lobes triangular or ovate-triangular. 2. K. virginiana,
Ca p lobes subulate to lanceolate, triangular-lanceo-
late, or deltoid.
Leaf- p: EUN > most of them over 3 times as long
Wenge with strictly entire blades 3. K. flexuosa.
Leaves, or the larger ones, with toothed blades.
lower- oo -2 cm. broad at maturity,
act.
Flower- A T conspicuously woolly at
aturity: stems copiously pubes-
een t
Calyx-lobes acute: an blades firm;
Species campestri 4. K. pilosa.
1172 LAMIACEAE
Calyx- lobes acuminate: leaf-blades
hin
thin: species Alleghenian. 5. K. leptodon.
eee clusters not woolly at maturity:
ems inodo pubescent. 6. K. verticillata.
Flower- clusters 2-3 cm. broad at maturity,
not erowded. *. K. clinopodioides.
Be >. most of them less than 3 times as
8. K. mutica.
Dractlets copiously ous ciliate. 9. K. montana.
ARISTATAE
Calyx-lobes, at least the lower ones, shorter than the
ele bracts M od mostly Shorter than the
coastal spec
Calyx: lobes aneo ia lanceolate-subulate, less than
15 ng as the tube: leaf-blades broad. 10. K. aristata.
calyxtobes subulate- E ich over 15 as long as the
eaf-blades narrow. 11. K. hyssopifolia.
oe “obes, at least b over ones, longer than the tube:
s with mrs ostly longer than the body: Alle-
uen specie 12. K. Hugeri.
INCANAE
Calyxlobes, minutely Pub without long hairs (ex
rare form of 13): bractlets nen like
the eae and usually without lon
Calyx- DR ovate or lanceolate.
Calyx-lobes d obtuse or acutish: mature calyx
25 t 4m lon 3. A. albescens.
es s obes" lanceolate, acuminate: mature calyx
t 5m ng.
K
lon K. pauciflora.
Calyx- lobes del oid.
Corolla Du exceeding the calyx: calyx-lobes
See te slightly longer a wide. 5. K. multiflora.
Corolla slightly exceeding the calyx: calyx-lobes
mostly nn wider p ]on K
Calyx with long hairs addition to thé minute ones, at
least when you nee xem finely bristly pubescent
or pluniose.
Leaf-blades mostly whitened, at least, beneath.
piles sets conspicuously long- -hairy ; the upper
. curvipes.
ubulate. T. K. pycnanthemoides.,
Calyx lobes inconspicuously long-hairy ; the upper .
ones lanceolate. . K. incana.
Dou re Eo whitened, glabrous or nearly so, or
hirsutulous B E
Calyx-lobes copiou long-hairy, often plumose:
Aa eun ber es beneath, usually cuneate
the bas 19. K. dubia.
Gaiy< lobes apres long-hairy, not plumose:
leaf-blades glabrous or nearly so, rounded or
subeordate at the base. 0. K. Beadlei.
1. K. nuda (Nutt.) Kuntz. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-
blades oval or elliptic, 1-2 cm. long, ee or ne arly so: calyx 3—4 mm. long;
lobes deltoid: corolla about 5 mm. long;
upper lip obtuse.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Sum.-fal
2, K. virginiana (L.) Britton. Stem 4-9
dm. tall minutely pubescent:
laneeolate to a dba Ur ee 2—
mostly entire: calyx 3.5-4 mm. long; lobes
triangular to ovate-triangular: corol —
n
to Ala., Kans., N. D d Que.—
3. K. flexuosa (Walt. MacM. Stem 3-8
LAMIACEAE 1173
dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades narrowly linear to linear-filiform, 1—4 em. lon ne,
bout 3. . long; lob
corolla 6-7 mm. long; upper lip minutely ae middle lobe of the lower
lip much narrower A the lateral ones.—Meadov , fel and thickets, vari-
ous provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., 2d Me ia ee
K. pilosa (Nutt.) Britton. Stem 4-13 dm. tall, ie pubescent: leaf-
Su. lanceolate - eod lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long, entire or sparingly denticu-
late: calyx 4-5 mm. long, m muore ‘pubescent ; lobes broad- iuc ie corolla
7-8 mm. long. 2 Prairies and dry woods, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain,
Ga. to ae Mo., and Pa.—Sum. “ta ll.
. leptodon (A. Gray) Small. Stem 5-11 dm. tall, soft- D at
jx above: leaf- eds poii to cB eo T 2^5 em. long, serrate
or entire: calyx 4.5-5.5 mm. long, vilous; lo obes narrow-lanceolate:
corolla 6- 7 mm. Td Mt. ode Blue Ridge, N. C—
6. K. verticillata (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem 4-12 dm. pe _minately pubescent:
leaf- blades ud to almost linear, 2-6 em. long, remotely or ep ibd
o x 4—5 mm. long; lobes subulate- lanceolate: corolla 6-7 mm. long,
or rarely yr es — Fields, thiekets, and woods, various provinees, Ga. ie Mass.
and — —fall.
T. clinopodioides (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stem 4—12 dm. tall, Adr pubescent:
i TR lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, 2-8 cm. long, more or less serrate:
calyx 4-4.5 mm, long; lobes lanceolate- subulate, nas ló as ‘long as the tube:
corolla about 6 mm. long.—Open woods and ‘dry t hickets, varlous provinces
N of a Plain, Tenn. to Pa., Conn., and Va.—Sum
8. K. mutica Conon dg en 6-10 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-
-blades thick, ovate to lanceolate, 2—6 em. long, serrate: calyx 3.5—4 mm. long;
lobes deltoid to pm lanceolate, very short: corolla 6-8 mm. long: fila-
ments short.—Sandy ns open woods, and thickets, various provinces, Fla.
to Mo. and Me.—Sum.-fal
9. K. montana (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so:
leaf- blades thin, lanceolate to e -lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 7.5—12
long, sharply serrate: calyx 4-5 mm. long, often villous above; lobes eco
corolla 7-8 mm. long: pns elongat ate.—Mt. woods, Blue Ridge to Appa-
lachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala., W. Va., and Va.—Sum. |
10. K. aristata (Michx.) Kuntze. e F Ma tall, a leaf-blades
rA -lanceolate da ovate-lanceolate, ong, s shallowly ser-.
ealyx 5-6 mm. long; tube MH "ribbed: lobes piura to subulate-
a corolla "6- 7 mm. long ——Pinelands and sandy fields, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to La. and N. J.—Sum.—fal
. hyssopifolia (Benth.) Britton. Ms 4—10 dm. tall, puberulent: id
ae padece elliptic to linear 1-3.5 em. long, usually entire: ealyx 5-6 m
long; tube prominently ribbed: pun much peu the ealyx.—Low M
lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Va.—Sum
12. K. Hugeri rus Stem 5-9 dm. tall, einereous- Ning d je blades
elliptie, 1.5-4 e ong, entire or sparingly serrate: x m ong; tube
l prominently Po corolla scarcely, if at all, TOR TN the calyx. ME
woods, Blue Ridge, N. C.—Sum.
43. K. albescens (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stem 4—10 dm l, more or less rd
often minutely, pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic o or lanceolate, 2-7 c
1174 LAMIACEAE
long, seg usually greenish above, md beneath: calyx 3-4 mm. long;
lobes ovate, obtuse or acutish, bea rdless: corolla mm. long: nutlets ovoid,
fully 1 mm. long.—Pinelands and woods, Coastal Plain: Fla. to Tex., Mo., and
N. C.—Sum.-fall.
14. K. pauciflora Small Stem mostly 12 dm. e or less, minutely close-
pubescent, at least above: leaf-blades lanceolate DS laneeolate, 2-5 em.
long, distantly serrate, acute or slightly ARUM SE tish or pale-g green abov e,
whitish a are ca lyx bun mm. long; lobes lanceolate, acuminate, beardless:
corolla about m. long: nutlets narrowly ovoid, fully 1m . lon ng- — Pine lands
and edges of a A. in the Coastal RA of Ga. —Ssun
15. K. multiflora Small. Stem 15 dm. tall or less, closely and minutely soft-
pubescent, at least above: leaf-blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2— : g,
rather remotely serrate, ibm or acutish, pale-green above, white or m
beneath: flower- ee becoming open at up Es branches somewha
sere each with many iun calyees: calyx und lobes js Iti
mostly rn S than eas beardless: dee ave t 6 mm. long: lets
ovoid, fully 1 . long.—Dry woods and open sunny ed various iun
Ga, a., N. al and Pa. Y sum
es Gre Stem mostly less than 10 dm. tall, closely and
box E T pubescent ‘throughout: leaf-blades ovate, 1.5-3.5 em. long, mostly
raed shallowly e, closely and densely fine-pubescent, Ei.
above, white and “prominently veined beneath: flower-clusters permanently
glomerate: ee long; lobes deltoid, mostly wider than long:
corolla abou ie Peace ‘oval, about 1 mm. long.—Open woods, Stone
Mt. in the ee of Ga.—Sum
17. K. pyenanthemoides (Leavenw.) Kuntze. Stem 6-16 dm. tall, minutely
pale-pubescent, at least above, and sometimes finely hirsute: leaf- blades ovate,
ipd Or or -lanceolate ,2- 10 em. long, thin, shallowly and usually remotely
ed relusters r ather dense and somewhat plumose when young, looser
in d ? ee nches apio ipi and bearing the secund calyces: bract-
lets japan die long and n calyx 5-6 mm. long; lobes slender, I
upper ones subulate, the pte ones Sol — subulate: corolla
long: nutlets ovoid, ' fully 1 mm. long.—Mt. woods and thickets, Blue Ridge p
Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Ky., and Ya— Sum
18. K. incana (L.) Kuntze. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, softly and closely pubescent
at ee ende e, and often finely hirsute: leaf- blades do elliptie, or n
3—10 em. long, Hi. shallowly, but rather pro ntly and remotely ser-
rate: ps clusters permanently compaet, not enim dus uds se: m
3.5-4 mm. long; lobes stout, the upper ones lanceolate, the lower ones tri
gular-laneeolate: corolla 6-7 mm. long: nutlets broadly ovoid, about 1 mm.
long. Eoo dry thickets, and open woods, various provinces, Fla. to Mo.,
Ont., and M — Sum. fall.
9. K. dubia (A. Gray) Small. Stem 4-11 dm. tall finely hirsute: leaf-
blades lanceolate to linear- nud Or pu VE Re ie 9.5 € m. long, remotely
nearly e the
x 4.5-5 m et
or lanceolate body and a sable bearde a tip: corolla 6-7 mm. long: tube
pubescent ante nutlets broadly ellipsoid, 1.5 mm. long.—Mt. slopes, Blue
Ridge, N. C.—Sum
K. Beadlei Small. Stem 5-9 dm. tall, minutely pubescent with short hairs:
Pu blades ene -lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate, or those of the branches
a I tg ce, Nem mme cE i v ren i tt Oe ty hd,
LAMIACEAE 1175
laneeolate to ovate, 3-8 cm. long, shallowly rae , glabrous or nearly so, and
alyx 4-5
often prominently veined beneath: calyx long, puberulent; lobes
triangular- -lanceolate and subulate-tipped: corolla 6-7 mm. long; tube glabrous
within: nutlets narrowly ovoid, about 1.5 mm. long. —Woods in a Blue Ridge,
—fall.
N. C. pud Tenn.—Sum
34. MAPPIA House. Perennial erect herbs, or woody plan Leaf-
blades broad, entire or too $ owers in axillary cymes. d nearly
regular, the lobes shorter mo the tube.
Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip erect: lower lip
3-lobed. Stamens 2, long-exserted.—A bout
15 species, American.
1. M. origanoides (L.) House. age 2—4
dm. tall wiry: Pare blades ovate to ovate-
TUA 1.5-2.5 em. long, serrate: prd
2-2.05 mm. long; ine ovate to deltoid:
corolla purplish, 4-5 mm. long. [Cunila
mariana L. C. oe S ere ton]—
(DITTANY. STONE-MINT.)— , thickets,
and open hillsides, often in ame un t acid
soil, N Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. Y— Sum .—
oth the Am m
can aborigines a nd of the oe a from e It was used in cases of
**eolds?? and of fevers, and also for making a tea
35. LYCOPUS [Tourn.] L. Perennial, erect or creeping, often stolon-
iferous herbs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Flowers whitish to
lavender in dense axillary eymes. Calyx regular or nearly so: lobes longer than
the tube or shorter. Corolla diae 2- eee upper lip notched: lower lip
nearly equally 3-lobed. Sta Abou species, natives of the north
temperate ME OMM. Cep, dudas qu cd.
Calyx-lobes ovate to elliptie or elliptic-lanceolate, 4 or 5: nut-
lets exceeding the calyx I. VIRGINICI.
Calyx-lobes subulate to dence olate (ovate, acuminate in No. 8),
mostly 5: nutlets not exceeding the calyx.
Corolla c as long as the calyx: bracts minute: blades of
the lower leaves merely toothed. II. RUBELLI.
oe Bur little longer than the calyx; blades of the lower
leaves pinnatifid. III. PINNATIFIDI.
VIRGINICI
Corolla 1.5-2 mm. long: style included. 1. L. virginicus.
Corolla 2-3 mm. long: style exserted. 2. L. uniflorus.
II. RU
E manifestly petioled, or with petiole- like base
tem glabrous or merely puberulent: calyx ao or
nearly so; lobes r 3. L. rubellus.
Stem copiously pubescent: calyx closely pubescent; lobes, at
least the upper ons recurved. 4. L. velutinus.
Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so, sometimes partly clasping.
tem glabrous, at least below : bracts subtending the cymes
gradually narrowed at the base. 5. L. sessilifolius.
ibd densely puberulent or finely pubescent: bracts subtend-
g the cymes truncate at the base. .. L. pubens.
PINNATIF
III.
Stem and leaves usually glabrous or glabrate: calys-lobes acute, >
short awn- tipped : leaf-blades with acute serratio T. L. americanus,
1176 LAMIACEAE
Stem and leaves usually pubescent, sometimes slightly so: calyx-
lobes EOD) long awn-tipped: leaf-blades with obtuse
serrations. 8. L. europaeus.
L. virginicus L. Stem 1-8 dm. tall, purplish or greenish-purple, obtuse-
angled, not usually tuberous at the base, ee with tuber-bearing stolons: leaf-
2-1
ommon, in meadows and rather moist
soil, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Nebr.,
and N. H.—Sum.fall.
2. L. uniflorus Miehx. Stem 1-8 dm. tall,
green or sometimes purplish, sharp-angled,
tuberous at the base, the stolons rarely
sd -bearing: leaf-blades iei to E
n eae Tum 8 em. long, s m ie
l 5 ong; does dne NN due
Bicknell] Low grounds, and eee vari-
ous provinces, N. C. to Nebr., Ore., B
Ont., and Newf. UP. —fall.
L. rubellus Moench. Stem 5-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, lanceolate,
or ovate-elliptie, 3—15 em. long, sharply serrate or ppp calyx be-
di 23 lly 2.6 mm. long; lobes d about as long as the tube: eorolla
3. . long.—Low grounds, borders of s pd = stakes, Coastal Plain
and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Mo., ana N. Y.—Sum.—fall.
4. L. velutinus Rydb. Similar to L. rubellus in habit, but copiously pubes-
cent, the branches often densely so: leaf-blades elliptic, sometimes broadly so,
or elliptic-lanceolate, coarsely toothed: calyx becoming 2.5 mm. long; lobes
curved, much longer than the tube: corolla 3-3.5 mm. long.—Low grounds,
various provinces, Miss. to Tex. and Colo.—Sum.-fall.
5. L. sessilifolius A. a Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades eu to elliptie
or lanceolate, 1.5-6 em. long, shallowly db calyx 2-2.5 long; lobes
as long as the faves "donet eorollaip with a reniform need: middle lobe:
filaments pubescent at the base.—Wet soil a Ds grounds, Coastal Plain and
New England Coast, Fla. to Miss. and Mass.—Sum.—fall.
L. pubens Britton. Stem 6-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic, elliptic- -lanceo-
late or linear-elliptie, 4.5—10 em. long, sharply serrate: calyx mai 5-8 mm.
long ; lobes ee than the tube: lower corolla-lip with an oe obtuse middle
lobe: fila ne nts glabrous Au s pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. C.
—Sum.—fall.
7. L. americanus Muhl. Stem 1-9 dm. tall, often pu e leaf-blades
lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 2—10 em. long, t those the lower p of the
S M ose i e y tooth pes 3 mm. 1 :
corolla about as long a : staminodia thickened at the tip. [L. sinu-
atus Ell.]— Moist cee a pie es, wet banks and meadows, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C., Ont., and Newf.—Sum.—fall.
L. rcs L. Stem 1 m. tall or less: leaf-blades ovate or elliptic-
vate, 2— ong, obtuse a p Pepe Po o the lower ones, at
pies, SCARE or pinnatifid near the bas long: corolla only
slightly exceeding the calyx: nudes RT pite ie calyx- ~ .—Waste-
r
LAMIACEAE 1177
places and roadsides, various provinces, Ala. to La. and Mass. Nat. of Eu.—
Sum.—fall.
36. MENTHA [Tourn.] L. Perennial erect or diffuse herbs. Leaf-
blades toothed or incised. Flowers in dense axillary cymes, these sometimes
dis Ed. in spike-like panicles. Calyx nearly regular, the lobes shorter than
the tube. Corolla obscurely 2-lipped: upper lip mostly notched: lower lip of 3
ids equal lobes. Stamens 4.—About 30 species, natives of the north temper-
ate zone.—S MINT
Flower-clusters all axillary, not in terminal spikes I. ARVENSES.
Flower-clusters, at pee st most of them, peepee iad in terminal
spike-like panicles II. SPICATAE.
I. ARVENSES
Stem and branches glabr ous or with short seattered hairs:
calyx glabrous or nearly so, except for the eu lobes. 1. M. gentilis.
Stem and branches n retrorse or spreading hairs: calyx
pubescent all ov
Stem and Branches. "with Short retrorse or retrorse-appressed
hairs: larger calyx-lobes deltoid: calyx-tube closely pubes-
Buc. with short hairs. 2. M. arvensis.
Stem and branches with long lax or spreading hairs: larger
calyx-lobes uA lanceolate : calyx-tube loosely pubes-
cent with long hairs 3. M. canadensis.
II. SPICATAE
Flowers in short and stout raceme-like panicles, or clustered i
Calyx, at least the 1 ; se ae
em and leaves copiously pubescent : eee ovate
or orbicular-ovate: calyx pubescent all ov 4. M. aquatica.
Stem and leaves glabrous: leaf-blades elliptic, or lanceo-
E te: ealyx with pubescent lobes. 5. M. piperita.
labrous 6. M.citrata.
Pio in Blandos or relatively slender, often elongate spike-
i o longer calyx-lobes as long as the tube or
leaf-blades sessile.
Stem and ATOT not canescent : calyx-tube glabrous or
nearly so: eorolla-tube not exceeding the calyx. T. M. spicata.
Stem and inflorescence unes cant or villous- ore cones calyx-
tube copiously pubescent: corolla-tube much exceeding the
calyx 8. M. rotundifolia.
1. M. gentilis L. Stem 2-7 dm. pens glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades oval,
ovate, praed or elliptie, 1.5-5 em. lon ne serrate, the foral ones not con-
spicuously reduc ed, with petio see ofte
lo d UM than the ond m iE 1
long; tub E ous or nearly "go:
corolla lavender or lilac; upper lip notched.
—Stream-banks, waste- a nd roadsides,
a provinces MS of Coastal inr. Ga.
to Ia. and N.S. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall.
2. M. arvensis L. Stem 4 dm. tall or less,
often diffuse, copiously, often closely. pale-
pubescent: le af- bla ines = elliptic, or oval,
ong, coarsely serrate above the
the upper lip mostly notched —-Stream- banks, waste-places, and about ee
1178 LAMIACEAE
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Nebr., and Newf. Nat. of Eu.—(Menz.)
—Sum.—fall.
3. M. canadensis L. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, loosely pubescent: leaf-blades lanceo-
late, elliptic, or elliptic- peo d. 2—7 em. long, serrate, narrow-based, the
floral ones with petioles as long as the flower-clusters: calyx about 2.5-3 mm.
long; tube loosely pubescent: ole lavender or white; upper lip mostly
obtuse.—Thickets and low sandy places, various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain,
N. C. to N. M., B. ©., Man., and N. B.—Sum.—fall.
4. aquatica L. Stem 2-6 dm. long or more, pubescent with recurved hairs:
le af-blades broadly ovate, or orbicular-ovate, 1—4 cm. long, or di p
rather sharply serrate, those of the floral leaves educed:
long: tube pubescent with short spreading hairs; lobes Duet. iion X a as
long as the tube: corolla lavender, about 5 mm. lon mau MINT.)—Road-
side m and wet places, various provinces, Ga. to N. S. Nat. of Eu.—
Sum
5. M. piperita L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades en ae
ovate, elliptic-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 1.5-5 em. long, sharply s
2.5-9 mm. long; lobes su rd m shorter than the cylindric campanulate
tube: corolla light-violet, 3.5—4 long.—( PEPPER
roadsides s, and stream mvbanks, various gl UM Fla. to Ark. "Calif, Ont., and
N Nat. of Eu.—(W I= —Sum.-fall.
6. M. citrata Ehrh. Stem 3-11 dm. long, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades
ovate to orbicular-ovate, 1.5—4 cm. long, sharply serrate: calyx 3.5-4 mm
: ong; lobes bi shorter than the cylindrie-turbinate tube: [e lavender
whitish, about 4.5 mm. rm et places, various provinces, Ga. to Mo. and
Conn. Nat. of ^ —(W. I.)—Sum.-fall.
7. M. spicata L. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: ju gon elliptie
or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-6 em. long, sharply serrate: calyx . long;
lobes bonis - long ip e campanulate tube: corolla de Fer m. long.
i L.]— (Sre MINT.)—Waste-places, fields, and roads ides, pd
Ee "Fla. to Kans. T “Ont., and N. B. Nat. of Bu OV. I. \— Sum. —fall.
ma
rotundifolia (L.) Huds. Stem i dm. tall, ias MALUS
leaf- rum elliptic, oval, or T 2— ane . long, finel errate, often partly
elasping: ealyx becoming about mu Tone. lobes slightly shorte er than the
eampanulate tube: corolla lave Bee or pale-lilac, 2.5-3 mm. long.—Open
grounds and thickets, various B ces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and Ne Nat. of
Eu.—(W. I., Mez., s. A.) —Sum.-fall.
37. MICHELIELLA Briq. Perennial erect herbs. Leaf-blades rather
coarsely toothed. Flowers in panicles. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip with 3 short
lobes: lower lip with 2 narrow lobes. Corolla 2- on middle lobe of the lower
lip fringed. Stamens 4.—Two species.—STONE-ROOT
Leaves 4, or rarely 6, approximate, sometimes almost whorled at the top of the
stem. . . 1l. M. verticillata.
Leaves several, in pairs along the stem. 2. M. anisata.
l. M. verticillata (Baldw.) Briq. Stem 1-5 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-
blades thin, ovate to obovate or euneate-obovate, 8-16 cm. long: calyx becoming
LAMIACEAE 1179
m. long: corolla tawny, 11-13 mm. long.
f sonia verticillata Baldw.] — Rich
d Blue Ridge and oe Ga. to
, Tenn., and N. C.—Spr.-
2. M. anisata (Sims) Briq. Stem 3-6 dm
tall, iu. -pubeseent: leaf- ass thick-
ish, elli sn. or d oval, d . long:
of principles, viz. starch, tannin, resin, wax
mucilage, and volatile oil. The plants are lemon-scented.
8. COLLINSONIA L. Perennial erect or reclining herbs. Leaf-blades
toothed. Flowers in panicles. Calyx 2-lipped: upper lip with 3 short lobes:
lower lip with 2 longer lobes. Corolla 2-lipped, elongate, middle lobe of the |
lower lip pacer ate or fringed.—Three species as follows.—HoORSE-BALMS.
Branches of the inflorescence puberulen
Stem rigi M xc f-blades mostly over Em em. long, many-toothed : E becom-
C.c
i - lon . canadensis.
tem rec Mainz: leaf- blades mostly less than 8 cm. long,
coarsely few-toothed: pedicels becoming 2—4 mm. long. 2. C. tuberosa.
Branches of the inflorescence glandular-pubescent. 3. C. punctata.
1. C. canadensis L. Stem erect, 3-9 dm. tall, from a thick hard root: leaf-
blades thickish, S d or oval, 9—16 em. long, rather coarsely dentate-serrate:
calyx becoming 5-7 mm. long: corolla abou
1.5 em. long, SEER nutlets E
reticulate, nearly s ue in MU CN
(HORSE-BALM, HIC STONE-ROOT.)—
Rich, moist woods p thickets, Mur p.
inces, Fla. to Ark., Kans., Ont., and
—Sum.-fall.
2. C. tuberosa Michx. un spreading or SS
reclining, 3— a dm. long: leaf-blades thin,
ovate, 5-8 e LU sid iua ns = »
ps Ga.
N. C.—The eor olla of this iude d tha t
of the D are yellowish, either dark
or pale.
3. punctata Ell. Stem 4-9 dm. tal
ie blades Pi ovate or ovate, or elliptis or pics. on the upper part of
the stem, 2-8 em. long, serrate: calyx becoming 6 mm. long.—Rich woods,
a A Ga. to Miss. (La.?) and N. C.
39. PERILLA L. Annual erect herbs. Leaf-blades often coarsely
toothed. Flowers in spike-like panicles. Calyx 2- -lipped: upper lip with 3
broad lobes: lower lip with 2 longer lobes. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip broad:
lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe largest. Stamens 4.—Two species, Asiatic
1180 LAMIACEAE
1. P. frutescens (L.) Britton. Stem 2-6
roadsides, various provinces, Fla.
Mo. and Con Nat. of Asia.—Sum.—
The bea especially when bruised, give
off a strong o
40. HYPTIS Jacq. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades ein
toothed. Flowers in often dense axillary cymes Calyx nearly regular, so
times oblique, accrescent and ribbed or veiny E maturity. Corolla 2- es
white to purple: lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe saccate. [Mesosphaerum P.
Br.]—About 300 species, mostly tropical American.
Flowers borne in few remote peduncled involucrate heads: bracts foliaceous.
I. RADIATAE.
Poe eus in numerous axillary separated clusters or in
ntiguous or approximate glomerules whicb thus form
a od panicles : bracts minute.
Po in unilateral cymules which are aggregated into
hyrsus: mure ealyx persistent. II. SPICATAE.
Flowers in so separated axillary clusters: mature calyx
deciduou III. VERTICILLATAE.
I. RAD
Stem typically simple or branched at the ie doo to the top. 1. H.radiata.
II. SPICATAE
Calyx-lobes short-subulate, at maturity less than i$ as long as
tube: terminal portion of the inflorescence LOT DOSE of
elongate slender mee thyrsi, open. 2. H. mutabilis.
Calyx-lobes setaceous-subulate, at maturity much more than
as long as the tube: terminal portion n s inflorescence
composed of short continuous thyrsi, comp 3. H. pectinata.
VERTICILLATA
Tall plant with virgate stems and very slender Da the o.
fiower-clusters inconspicuously bracted. 4. H. verticillata.
1. H. radiata Willd. Stem 2 m. tall or less, finely pubescent, simple or rarely
branched: leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2-8 em. long or
eross-ribbed at maturi
laneeolate, short-hairy:
long: nutlet ets oval, nearly 1
Low pinelands, hamm
marshes, Coastal Plain
N. C.—(W. I.)—Spr M c or t all Mee $8.
2. H. mutabilis (A. Rich.) Briq. Stem 2
m. tall or less, pubescent with short crispe
h and more or less murieate: leaf-blades
Sere ovate 1toid,
renifor 2-7 long or rarely m
nds -serrate, broadly uis p nuns
ERNEUT: ©
m a o
pen
a udi. HORT nm
LAMIACEAE 1181
at the base, slender-petioled: calyx becoming 6-7 mm. long; tube iua yi
CTOSS- aibbed; lobes short-subulate, das l mm. long: corolla 3.5-4
tube ut: nutlets oval, about mm. long. D waste- ree cult.-
Er ud roadsides, Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.— (W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
3. H. pectinata (L.) Poir. Stem 1.5 m. tall or less, sparingly pubescent with
air : lea v em.
irregularly serrate, cuneate to rounded at the base: calyx becoming 4-5 mm
long; tube ae Cross- eae lobes setaceous-subulate, 1.5-2 mm. long:
corolla about 4 mm. long; t e slender: nutlets ellipsoid, about 1 mm. long.—
Hammocks, cult. Meri ind roadsides, S m Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.—
I Mex » S. A.)—All year.—T'wo related species included in Fl.
SE. U. S., H. ‘spicata Poir. and H. spicigera im are not now definitely iowa
from our ran ge.
H. verticillata Jacq. Stem 1-2 m. tall, SIR UB pubeseent, leaf- Eon
lanceolate to linear- Bc md 9-12 em. long, rather sh arply s
acuminate : calyx becoming 2—2.5 mm. long; tube slightly ribbed; lobes dato
to tri mu ee. shorter jm the tube: corolla white, abou t twice
long as the calyx: nutlets a DU about 1.5 mm. long. —Hammocks and ro hi
sides, pen. Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Sum.-fall.
41. OCIMUM [Tourn.] L. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades often
of an ovate type and toothed. Flowers in raceme-like panieles. Calyx strongly
E eae accrescent: upper lip a broad lobe decurrent as wings on the sides of
e tube: lower lip of 2 broad lobes and 2 narrow lobes. Corolla 2-lipped: lower
is of 3 broad lobes.—About 40 species, widely distributed in warm and trop-
ical regions.
Corolla slightly exceeding the Coys: 2 obscurely fine-pubescent or the lower
lobe entire: nutlets about ng. . 0. micranthum.
o much exceeding the algae ios hirsutulous without, the
ower lobe sharply toothed: nutlets about 1.5 mm. long. 2. O. basilicum.
O. micranthum Willd. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, minutely and obscurely pubes-
cent: leaf-blades ovate, often narrowly so, evidently but shallowly toothed:
panicles eee loosely flower
urple, 2- ong a
p , 2-3 mm. long at anthesis: crest-like
upper lobe mie orbicular in fruit roll
purple or paler, about 4 ] o ior
stamens without spurs: fruiting c
rowly campanulate, the lateral nae with
slender tips as long as the body.—( WILD-
BASIL. MOSQUITO-PLANT.)—Hammocks, pine-
lands, and jou -plaees, S Fla.—(W. I.
Mez., C. A., S. A.)—Spr.-fall or all year.
2. O. basilicum L. Stem 2-5 dm. tall,
finely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate, usually
broadly so, obseurely toothed: panicles
dd pulsus calyx green, about 5 m
long at nthesis; erent. like upper lobe
bicular- reform in fruit: corolla white, abot t 7 mm. long: postarit ama
ith hairy spurs a t the base of the filam ents: fruiting calyx anul th
lateral e with ee ut tips much shorter than the body — (BASIL. rara
us shell-mounds, and pinelands, pen. Fla. Nat. of Asia.— (JW. I.)—Sum.—
l
1182 RHINANTHACEAE
Coleus pumilus Blaneo, with small, Vibes deeply toothed leaf-blades, red
A ng midrib and lateral veins, the stem mewhat prostrate and rooting along
wer portion, has been found as an escape in pen. Fla. Native of the
Philippine Islands.
Famimy 14. RHINANTHACEAE! — Ficwort FAMILY
Herbs or rarely shrubs trees. Stems commonly terete. Leaves
opposite, whore d or alternate: pla es entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers
sepals. Corolla irregular, of 5 partly or wholly united o Androecium
usually of 4 didynamous stamens, sometimes 2 or 5 or the fifth one seta
sented by a staminodium. Gynoecium 2-carpellary. Ovary 2-celled, rarely
becoming l-celled. Fruit capsular or- rarely baccate. —About 200 genera
and 3000 species, of wide geographic distribution.
Corolla with the posterior deed external—overlapping in sae bud. — (Antirrhinoideae)
Tree: calyx coriaceous: corolla large, about 5 cm. lon .
capsule woody. E ` Tribe I. PAULOWNIEAE.
Herbs 2C membranous or her et corolla smaller :
sule membranous to coria
Stigmas distinct, flattened qon rely so in Capraria,
uon and Scoparia) d reticulate or finely 7
ine in 3
cep zus, and t EE. axillary: leav
opp Doer o (except in oa
Sepals distinct or Es ay 0 (except in He
anthus) : corolla 1 (3-18 mm. long): leaves
and capsule usually E. punctate. II. GRATIOLEAE.
Sepals united over half their fone tue corolla large °
(25-35 mmu iene): : leaves and capsule not
E ular-punctate. III. MIMULEAE.
Stigmas wholly united, punctiform or capitate: seeds
not simply reticulate, either smooth, tubercu-
j eolat ds :
firm, chartaceous or coriaceou florescence
racemose or UM eat the bracts usually muc
smaller than the lea
Filaments 5: capsule "ep cio idal.
cone rotate, slightly zygomorphic, its lobes
nger than the tube: filaments all anther-
ifar ous: leaves alternate. IV. VERBASCEAE.
Corolla tubular-campanulate, strongly zygo-
morphic, its lobes shorter than the tube:
posterior PRERE without an anther: leaves
opposite. V. CHELONEAE.
Filaments 4 (the posterior one present as a
minute knob only in Collinsia): capsule
loculicidal.
d
Corolla red, tubular: capsule filled with tortu-
ous hairs between which are scattered rough-
ened seeds: leaves mostly Aa like. VI. RUSSELIEAE.
Corolla. pops blue, violet, white, saccate
JA rred: apace lackinė hairs within
leare with expanded blades
Capsule loculicidal by a simple median slit:
eae abe olate or smooth: corolla vio-
blue e, not pouched or spurred
n BOR iot leaves opposite.
Corolla broadly saucer-shaped or dipper-
shaped, with a fine horn like appen-
d t the base of the anterior lobes:
posterior stamen lacking: capsule
globose: sepals distinct. VII. ANGELONIEAE.
1 Contributed by Franeis Whittier Pennell.
E ~ m
RHINANTHACEAE
Corolla seemingly papilionaceous, the
tube gibbous at the base posteriorly :
posterior stamen represented by a
callose knob: capsule slightly hat-
tened : sepals partly united.
Capsule. opening by transverse loculicidal
ruptures: seed duod. ridged, or winged:
corolla yellow or violet-blue, bilabiate,
Dn a narrow pouch or spur at the base
nteriorly: leaves alternate.
B. RE the ES OE lobes external—overlapping in the
ud: herbs.— (Rhinanthoideae
Stamens 2, the postero-late fai alone present: corolla
m "e -5 mm. long), e antero-lateral lobes exter-
plants not parasitic.
Scd a the antero- pense usually the longer: corolla
lar the mid-anterior lobes usually external:
Dres usdallv root- ura dae
Sebals 5, alike: pes BAL nearly equally distinct.
Sepals unequal, the rior one very short or lack-
ing: corolla Bonds ‘bilabiate the 2 posterior lobes
united nearly to the ap
r PAULOWNIEA
Tree, with cordate leaf-blades, dd panicles of horizontal
flower ‘S, and erect pointed capsules
II. GRA
Leaves alternate: stamens 5: corolla oa pop white.
nb opposite: stamens 4 or 2 (the posterior one obso-
Leaf-blades entire or toothed: seeds brown or yellow.
orolla Du due deos to the antero-lateral sinuses
low not projecting beyo nd those points
(ABIT filaments simple) : posterior dE of
Hc corolla, little if at all, Shorter the
nterior.
esac uniform: capsule turgid, longer than wide,
acute or obtuse : stem elongate.
Sepals : corolla rotate, B recurved Jobes
Sepals 5: corolla c aac aula tubular, or sal-
verform, the lobes equalling or shorter
he tube.
Corolla campanulate, nearly regular; lobes
equalling, or little shorter than the
tube, the posterior pert a little if at
e t
St 4: capsule AE or ovoid,
nearly equalling the sepals: outer
sepal ova
Stamens 2: capsule ellipsoid- Do
much shorter than the se
outer sepal of an Orbicuimis chua te
t
peu bibracteolate : capsule acute.
o pubescent in the throat:
ed surrounde y a circle of
bristles: outer sepal cordate: leaf-
blades clasping: plan emon-
scented.
Corolla glabrous within: ovary not
surrounded by bristles: outer sepal
ovate: leaf-blades PEE at the
Bs
base: ane odorles
Corolla narrowe decide edly. zygomorphic,
the lobes M than the tube, the
posterior united over half their length
or throughou
Corolla tubular ‘or tubular- campanulate,
relatively broad at the throat,
paper cent within at the pus of
the posterior lobes: capsule
septicidal, or secondarily (in
Gratiola) also loculicidal: leaf-
blades toothed.
1183
VIII. COLLINSIEAE.
IX. ANTIRRHINEAE,
X. VERONICEAE,
XI. BUCHNEREAE.
XII. RHINANTHEAE.
1.
PAULOWNIA.
2. CAPRARIA.
m
c
5t
. SCOPARIA.
MACUILLAMIA.
. HERPESTIS,
. HYDROTRIDA.
BRAMIA,
1184 RHINANTHACEAE
Pedicels bibracteolate at the base:
outer s sepa als much wider Mesa the
inner: leniferous stam 4.
peue, bibraeteolate at the apex
n Gratiola bractlets occa-
sionally one or lacking) : sepals
nearly ond 2m width : pollenif-
erous stam
Anther-saes Gar PUR across the
Ip of the filament, often some-
w
quite
Anther-sacs vertical, conti iguous:
corolla slightly exceeding the
: wly pyr
y unequal in len eb
Corolla a very narrow at the
hroat and short-pubescent within on
all dpt Be ule loculicidal: leaf-
blades en
Leaves dimorphic, ne ae ow submerged ones
on the short caudex- like od and a pair of
broad ones (bracts), which serve as floats at
the tip of the elongate scape: capsule wider
than mM deeply notched.
der" UE raised ridges (each formed b
ce o
which proje
esses beyond this polit? po CriOR lobes of the
E less than two-thirds the length of the
nterior.
Corolla violet-blue, 6 mm. long or more: only t
po P diu lateral alaimenis with anthers: S de
with e n ae ape semi-persistent base: cap-
us e re, ellipsoid to _ ovoid,
perm anently 2- “celled, d, septicidal: sepa
(by lack of septum distally), rupturing
al
Sepals united only at 'the io corolla with
three-fourths a ncn: leaf-blades or-
bicular or nearly S
Sepals united at least half their length, ex-
cept on the anterior side: corolla open
nearly to the base on the posterior side, the
posterior lobe lacking: styles united half to
PUE thirds their length: leaf-blades obovate-
ipti
c ec Sipeanatifid : seeds pale greenish-yellow, or
arly colorless: corolla lavender.
III. MIMULEAE
Tall glabrous perennial herbs: corolla personate, violet.
V. VER CEAE
Tall perenniai or biennial herbs, with sessile or decurrent
leaf-blades and yellow or white corollas.
Flower-stalk bibracteolate, the simple inflor nce nearly
IE the flowers crowded: bracts and bractlets broad:
rolla rud Lacus closed by the lower lip: anthers lanose:
seed i winged.
Flowerstalk. En bracteolate: inflorescence compound, pa-
culate or thyrsoid, of axillary cymose flower-clusters : :
8.
10.
HL
1.
E
2.
13.
15.
16.
1T.
18.
wn
9.
MECARDONIA.
GRATIOLA.
TRAGIOLA.
SOPHRONANTHE.
AMPHIANTHUS.
ILYSANTHES.
GLOBIFERA.
HEMIANTHUS.
LEUCOSPORA.
MIMULUS.
VERBASCUM.
CHELONE.
hn tee S k
RHINANTHACEAE
bracts attenuate: corolla with orifice open: anthers
parbaté or glabrous : seeds turgid, wingless.
d purple, iolet-blu ue, or white: posterior filament
slender, as jns as ac others: cauline leaves with
clasping blades: stem terete,
Corolla greenish -purple Es "m onishe posterior acne
Scale-like. 2-lobed : cauline leaves with petioled blades
Stem 4-angled.
VI. RUSSELIEAE
Tall diffuse perennial herb, with rush-like stems and seale-
like leaves (except on shoots ).
VII. ANGELONIEAE
Erect perennial herb with leafy stems: corolla violet.
VIII. COLLINSIE
Low annual herb with broad leaf-blades and xis flowers,
the corollas partly blue and partly white,
IX. pisse.
Capsule dehiscing by irregular distal ruptures: rolla with
the posterior lobes arched and distally spreading : fila-
ments and anthers glabrous: flowers in terminal racemes:
leaf-blades narrow, sessile: plants erect.
Capsule dehiscing by a lid: corolla with the posterior lobes
projecting: filaments and anthers pubescent: e rers axib
lary : leaf-blades broad, petioled : plant prostra
X. ERONICEA
Corolla with. lobes much shorter than the tuber capsule
: s 5: e
Corolla with lobes ip as than the tube: capsule as wide as
long or wider, flat: a eran a deeply notched: sepals 4:
I. BucH
Stamens with both anther-sacs equally duod corolla
not salverform, the throat open: capsule partly ex-
the c
S
Corolla tu ibular, crane “fleshy, semi-persistent : anthers
ed.
OON „campan ulate or rotate, yellow or rose- purple,
ranous, early falling: anthers little or
all ps cserted.
Anther-saes glabrous (or in Afzelia cassioides with
few bristle-like hairs at ap = 2 corolla rotate:
sti in punctiform or capita
Corolla densely pubescent within on all sides
filaments didynamous: anther-sacs police tink
cuspidate at the base, opening lengthwise:
style persistent on the capsule.
e finely pubescent in a ring about the base
the Pearce filaments nearly or quite
nther-sacs obtuse at the base, opening |
n al:
by apical A style deciduous
Ane -sacs lanose: corolla semi- tum ARN TTE stigma
Corolla yellow: anther-sacs with rigid awns at
se: 7 e
Corolla purple or pink, nearly always with red-
purple spots within: anther-sacs rounded or
aaa "NEU at the base: stigma
Leaf-blades of a filiform, linear, or spatulate
type, entire: calyx- lobes shorter than the
tube or about A a anther-saes of
h :
bot equ
Leaf-blades of a EOT “type, Some, at
least, auriculate-lobed at the pase: calyx-
h
Stamens with only one anther-sac Root the other
wholly abortive: corolla salverform, the throat nearly
closed : capsule nearly or quite included in the calyx-tube ;
pedicel bibracteolate.
75
1185
20. PENSTEMON.
24.
to
ge
ve)
fet
c2
2
v
ve)
. SCROPHULARIA.
. RUSSELIA.
. ANGELONIA.
COLLINSIA.
LINARIA.
. IXICKXIA.
. VERONICASTRUM,
. VERONICA.
. MACRANTHERA,
. DASISTOMA.
. AFZELIA.
. AUREOLARIA,
. AGALINIS,
TOMANTHERA.
35. BUCHNERA,
1186 RHINANTHACEAE
XII. uc
Pedicel bibracteolate: calyx-lobes 5: ule M septi-
d al, and tardily also slightly locul dal: seeds narrow,
nge ; 36. SCHWALBEA.
Pedicel not E racted: calyx-lobes 4: capsule loculicidal:
see oad, wingless.
Corolla yellowish green, its posterior lobes long-project-
ng, t hooded at the apex, its anterior lobes very
T : T cylindric-ovoid, equally 2-celled: calyx
nd foliaceous bracts distally scarlet. 37. CASTILLEJA.
Corolla yellow, purplish, or my e, its posterior lobes
arched and hooded, its anterior lobes developed on
flat or ridged plane: capsule flattened, ensiform,
= y :
n.
Anterior lip not raised into a palate: ad
la :
the apex: plant perennial. 38. PEDICULARIS.
Anterior lip rais pes into a yellow densely pubescent
palate: anthers pubescent: seeds turgid: sepa als of
each side united at the base; plant annual, 39. MELAMPYRUM.
1. PAULOWNIA Sieb. & Zucc.. Trees resembling Catalpa. Leaves op-
posite; blades ample, long-petioled. Flowers in a large D Sepals 5,
united half their length. TA violet- i Im
zygomorphie, the throat broad and -
ridged within, the lips slightly Be
Stamens 4, didynamous. Stigmas distinct,
plate-like. Capsule ovoid, acute, jocub dat
Seeds flat, broadly winged.—Hight species, E
Asiatic.
P. tomentosa (Thunb.) Baill. Large
tree n flaky bark: leaf-blades 15—40 em.
ong,
-ova 55
apsule 30-40 mn —(PRINCESS-TREE. KARRI-TREE. J—Rosd-
UM a open woods, n nd Men e E U.S. Nat. of China.—Late Spr.
2. PRARIA Erect branched herb, the root perennial. Leaves
alternate: blades sessile, serrate, Jo d punetate. Flowers axillary to
eaf-like bracts.
1. C. biflora L. tem 3- m.
brous or e escent: pur ms ET cm. long,
oblanceolate, ipti
—20 mm. an
axil: sepals 5-7 mm. long, uu eorolla about 10 mm. long, white or ds
tinged: eapsule 4-6 mm. long: eeds ellipsoid, od .—Sandy soil, on or ne
beaches, S Fla.—(W. I., Merx., C. á., S. A.) —Al year.
RHINANTHACEAE 1187
3. SCOPARIA L. Erect, much-branched herb, the root perennial. Leaves
opposite: blades petioled, serrate, glandular-punetate. Flowers axillary to leaf-
like braet Sepals 4, equal. Corolla white
rotate, Tu -pubeseent on all sides: lobes
i longer than the tube, the posterior
united throughout (so that ies appear to
be only four). Stamens 4. Stigmas mi-
nute, mainly united. Capsule ovoid, acute,
septicidal, and only slightly loculicidal at
apex. Seeds numerous, cylindric-ellipsoid,
reticulate, wingless.—About 20 species,
tropieal and South Ameriean
1. S. dulcis L. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, gla-
nii d. or shghtly D pe. des =
ng,
vate to lan eolate, uneately n
rowed to tie short petiole: poi a 3-9 mm. i Ion ng, slender, one or two to an axil:
sepals abou un s n ong e. elliptic to elliptic- pias three-n nerved: corolla white,
4—10 mm. wide; lobe ate: capsule 1.5-2 = mm. long: seeds yellowish-brown.
[S. gran ee Nash ]— “Gon T-WEED.)—W aste- places and cult. ground, Coastal
Plain, S Fla. to La. and S Ga.— (W. I., Mex. C. A., S —A]l year.
4. MACUILLAMIA Raf. Creeping and floating succulent, odorless
eaves opposite: blades entire, palmately 7-9-veined, obscurely
gander punctate, narrowed to a clasping base. Flowers axillary to kac like
acts. Sepals 5, unequal, the posterior one orbicular-oval to oval . the two
Gea ovate; the two innermost lanceolate, long as the othe Corolla
white, nearly E campan nulate: lobes slighty shorter than the (be equally
distinct or the posterior slightly united. Stamens 4. Stigmas peltately flat-
tened. Capsule globose or ovoid, obtuse, Bes equalling the persistent calyx
septicidal or also loculicidal. Seeds numerous, cylindric, finely reticulate, d
less.—About 10 species, natives of tropical and temperate America.
Pedicels 10-15 1 long, pubescent: corolla 6-8 mm. long: capsule 4-5 mm. long,
both septicidal aad loculicidal. 1. M. rotundifolia.
oat 5-7 mm. long, nearly glabrous: corolla 3-4 mm. long:
e 3 un. long, apparently only loculicidal. 2. M. repens.
1. M. rotundifolia eee Raf. Stem and branches 2-6 dm. long, D aud
cent, especially above, forming dense mats in water: leaf-blades 1.5-3.5 c
lon ng obovate to obovate-orbicular: pedicels
1
0-15 mm. long, pan than the bracts
sepals becoming 4-6 mm. long: corolla na
ong, with di d seeds 0.5 m
Du yellowish-bros [.Herpestis jd.
folia SA Pursh Monniera rotundifolia
Michx. | —Po: Interior Low Plateaus,
Tenn., and more western a Tex. to
Colo., '"N. D.,
M. repens ~ Pennell. Stem and
a 2—4 dm. long, pubescent, Ee
above, forming mats in water: oe dus
1-2 em. long, obovate: pedie EE 5-7
p nearly glabrous, i acl shorter ihan t ve
bracts: sepals becoming 3-4 mm. long:
1188 RHINANTHACEAE
corolla 3-4 mm. Jong. oo repens Sw.]—Pools, near the coast, George-
town, S. C.— (W. I.) —Sum.
HERPESTIS Gaertn. f. Creeping succulent, odorless herbs. Leaves
opposite: blades entire, palmately 3—5-veined, obseurely glandular- punotate, cor-
date-clasping. Flowers axillary to leaf-like bracts. Sepals 5, very dissimilar,
the posterior one orbicular-cordate, the two lateral half-cordate; the two inner-
most linear-lanceolate, attenuate, slightly
shorter than the others. orolla white,
nearly regular, campanulate: lobes shorter
t
s D
tinet, peltately flattened and semi-capitate.
NO pide -ovoid, obtuse, enclosed with-
and horter than the persistent
oe bus nd and loeulieidal. Seeds
an e ellipsoid- EE finely ridged,
wingless.—One spec
H. JE ere poa f. Stem mueh-
branched, dm. long, finely ibe
especially od s blades 0.5—1.3 em. long, oval or rounded-ovate: flower
stalks 2-8 mm. I fin a pubescent, shorter than the bracts: outer sonal:
becoming 3—5 mm. lon ng: rolla 3—4 mm. long: capsule 2-2.5 mm. long: seeds
dark-brown. LH. à s (Ch apm. Fl) Septilia repens (Fl SE U. $.)].—
'epen -)
m and sandy shores, probably tidal, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Md.—(F. I.)
—Sum
6. HYDROTRIDA Small. Had succulent, ial a or floating herbs,
the roots perennial. Stems distally e Leaves opposite: blades entire or
obscurely crenate, wit 51 lon did veins, m e with resinous dots,
rounded, elasping at base. Flowers axillary to leaf-like bracts. Bractlets two,
borne just beneath the calyx. Sepals 5, very dissimilar, the posterior one cor-
date, the two lateral half- died the two innermost lanceolate-attenuate, much
shorter than the others. Corolla blue, nearly "m
regular, campanulate: lobes T shorter
than the tube and all pubescent within at
base, the posterior lobes somewhat united.
Stamen vary surrounded by a circle
of bristles. Stigmas distinct, lip-like. Cap-
sule narrowly ovoid, acute, glabrous, in-
cluded in the persistent ee septicidal and
loculicidal. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid or
oval, reticulate, wingless.—About 5 species,
1. H. caroliniana (Walt.) Small. Stem and
branches 2-6 d long, distally lanose: leaf-
blades 1-2.5 em. lo on ovate to rd or nearly pe E ws 3—15
mm. long, sho i r n the bracts: sepals all exceeding t inute, subulate
braetlets, the MUR. edu 6-11 mm. long: corolla a mm. long: capsule
RHINANTHACEAE | 1189
4-5 mm. long: seeds grayish- -brown. | Herpestis amplexicaulis Pursh Septilia
Ed ad (Walt.) sear Oe oro and ditches in pineland, Coastal Plain, S
Fla. to E Tex. and Va.—Spr.-fall, or all year S.
7. BRAMIA Lam. Creeping, glabrous, succulent, odorless herbs, the root
diia Stems distally ascending. Leaves opposite, blades entire or ob-
seurel othed, obscurely glandular-punetate, narrowed to a sessile base.
l
ling the tube, all equally A Stigma
flat, per united and semi-eapitate. Cap- GSA
oid, acute, glabrous, more one
iode than septicidal. Seeds numerous,
cylindric or ovoid, finely-ridged, wingless.—
About 5 species, tropical.
1. B. Monnieri (L.) Pennell. Stem and
branches 1-6 dm. long, often forming mats:
em. long, cuneat
le des -1.7 ong, e to
elliptic-cuneate: ped 5—25 £,
usually as as or longer than the bracts
epals becoming 5-7 mm. long, much exceed-
ing the linear-attenuate, M ng od rolla 8—10 m
pinkish-white: capsule 4—5 n long: se © grayish brown. [Herp
edid (L.) H.B.K. Monniera yea LSB ritt e
ers ponds, most IDA within reach os tides, near the coast,
Tex, p Va.— (W. I., 16 ulus Be. AsO, W.)— Spr. “fall, or all year
8. MECARDONIA R. & P. Erect or diffuse, much-branched, glabrous
herbs, the roots perennial, the plant poten in drying. Stems angled.
Leaves ds blades toothed, glandular-punetate, narrowed to a sessile base
Flowers axillary to leaf-like s. Braetlets two, at the base of the slender
p eh shorter than the bracts. Sepals 5, unequal; the outer mu
vider than the inner. Corolla personate lobes horter than the tu he
posterior more or less united and pubescent t Stigmas lip-like
wi base.
Capsule cylindric or ovoid, acute, glabrous, BN) the valves only slightly
loculicidal at apex. Seeds numerous, ee reticulate, wingless.—About 20
species, of tropical and temperate Amer
Corolla white, the posterior lobes united half to two- or their length: sepals
unequal, the outer lanceolate, rarely more than tw the
width of the inner: plant erect or dit use, 1. M. acuminata.
Corolla yellow, the .posterior lobes united nearly to apex: sepals
nearly equal in length, the outer ovale more than thrice
the width of the inner: plant procumbent or ascendin
Outer sepals narrowly ovate to ovate, narrowed ies slightly
rounded at base: pedicels 2-4 times the length of the
braets. 2. M. tenuis.
Outer sepals ovate to widely ovate, broadly rounded or cor-
and a the base: pedicels 1-2 times the length ol the
bracts. 9. M. procumbens.
M. acuminata (Walt.) Small. Plant erect or nearly so, 1-6 dm. tall:
(lower, diffuse, with leaf-blades 1.3-2 cm. long, outer sepals 5-6 mm. long, and
1190 RHINANTHACEAE
eorolla usually 7-8 mm. long, i
nata peninsularis of S Fla.; F o
j em. long
A
and pedicels only 8-12 mm. long, in M. acu-
minata microphylla of longleaf pinelands
Fi N Fla. to Tex. and S Ga.) leaf-blades
3-5 cm. aa spatulate- elliptic or ad
elliptic, serrate-dentate: pedicels 12-3
long, usually e paa bracts: ane
6.8 mm. long: a about 10 mm. long,
Ed with Mr E veins on the le Re
posterior side: capsule 5-6 mm. long: seeds }- e
oe | Herpestis nigrescens Bonth.]— E I we
loam, es
in partial shade, various provinees, Fla. to
Tex., Mo., Ky., and Md.—Spr.-fall.
. tenuis Small. Plant 0.5-4 dm. long, pc em Or prostrate:
leaf-blades 1-2 em. long, oval, serrate: pedicels 15-35 ong, sepals 5-6 mm.
long: corolla 7—8 mm. tee deep le lemon-yellow, with ie tadial dark veins on
the posterior side: capsule 5-6 mm. long.—Light loam or humus over limestone,
hammocks and thickets, Everglade Keys, Fla., and lower Florida IXeys.—
(W. I.).—A year, but mostly in spr.
M. procumbens (Mill) Small. Plant 0.5-4 dm. long, edo. in some-
val
what ascending: leaf-blades 1-2 em. long, o or ovate, serra pedicels 7—25
. long, sepals 6-9 mm. long: corolla : mm. long, lemon- ee a longi-
HEAT dark veins on the ae side: capsule 4-6 mm. long.—Moist loam or
, 8S. A.)
sand, um and edges of hammocks, S Florida.—(7V. L., Me ex.
—All ye
9. GRATIOLA L. Erect or nd branching herbs, the roots peren-
nialor annual. Leaves opposite: blades toothed to rarcly entire, more or less
glandular-punctate, sessile, or on young ns petioled. Flowers axillary to
leaf-like bracts. Draetlets usually present, borne just beneath the calyx.
Sepals 5, MS equ udi. Corolla yellow or white, personate: lobes shorter than
the tube, the posterior united nearly or quite to apex and pubescent within at
ba zo postero-lateral stamens perfect, the antero-lateral represented by
rudimentary filaments or wholly lacking, the connective expande ed to a pale
membrane spreading beyond the anther-sacs, which are turned transversely to
axis of flower. Stigmas lip-like. Capsule ovoid-pyramidal to globose, acute or
rounded, glabrous, both septicidal and loculicidal nearly or quite to base. Seeds
nerous, irregularly tetrahedral, reticulate, wingless.—About 30 species, widely
dist ibuted.— HEDGE-HYSSOPS.
c.
e
Capsule 3-6 mm. long, equalling or slightly exceeding the sepals: stem-leaves nar-
rowed to a sessile B scarcely clasping base: plant annual.
Pedicel slender, 10-45 long: corolla ME throat on posterior side pubes
cent with uo ate "airs : eapsule ovoid, alled or exceeded by the i
Corolla 8-10 long ube greenish- ellow, unlined :
ue blades elipti ic-lan nce olate, acute to “acuminate. 1. G. neglecta.
olla (at least of earlier flow aay 18- 18 r1 long, the
tube white and lined with purple: leat- blades obovate
to oval, obtuse or a 9. G. floridana.
Pedicel stout, 1-12 mm. long: rolla within throat on pos-
terior side pubescent with üliform 2 airs: capsule globose,
usually slightly exceeding the sepa 3. G. virginiana.
Capsule 1-3 mm. long, much exceeded by ‘the sepals : stem-leaves
clasping by a wide base: plant perennial.
RHINANTHACEAE 1191
Corolla golden-yellow: capsule 3 mm. long: leaf-blades en-
tire or slightly toothed. 4. G. aurea.
Corolla at least n white lobes; tube delicately lined with
pu rple-bro e 1-2 mm. long: leaf-blades with
ee E ic
Leat blades linear-lanceola te to lanceolate, coarsely -
othed towards t tip: dpud linear to linear-
n late: Corelle Cups dull-yellow
Gu usually wider than dnas sepals 5-7
long m o subtended by one or two sepal- Tike
e
bra 5. Œ. brevifolia.
Capsule as long as wide or longer: sepals 3-5 mm.
ong, subtended Bs one small bractlet or none. 6. G. ramosa.
Leaf-blades elliptic-ovate to ovate, finely serrate through-
t: sepals lanceolate to elliptic- lanceolate: corolla-
tube white. T. Œ. viscidula,
G. neglecta Torr. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, usually much-branched, glandular-
de Md especially above: deaf blades 1-6 em. long, elliptic- lanceolate, serrate-
dentate, acute or aeu E. a Is 1 80
il
et
See >
iul, err NR
Y
3-6 mm. long, o" ear to linear-
lanceolate: corolla 8— long; lobes
white or pinkish-tinged; throat greenish-
ellow: capsule 3-5 mm ; amidal-
ovoid, acute: seeds yellow, with longitudinal
h pronouneed than transv
ticulations. [G. virginiana (Chap
ayer usually in decidu-
ous woodland, Piedm and more northern
p Ga. to M Calif., B. Me as
Me.; no rth of our area mor
ine -sum., then until fall ne ee |
togamously. |
2. G. floridana Nutt. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, imik or somewhat Wand id
glandular-pubescent above or glabrate throughout: leaf-blades 2—4
g,li :
posteriorly: capsule 3-5 m . long, ovoid, acute: seeds c pd T with
longitudinal much more prone aa than transverse reticulatio ma-
Me s ]—Muddy bd E wet woods, Coastal Plain and adj. prov-
; N Fla. to Ala. and Ga.
3. G. virginiana L. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, stout, often much branched, glabrous
or nearly so throughout: - M one 9-5 em ‘lon ng, elliptic- lanceolate to oval,
repand to dentate-serrate, acu obtuse, obscurely glandular-punctate: pe edi-
cels 1-12 mm. long, sto ut, ae or glabrate: bractlets shorter or a xd
longer than the ealyx: sepals 4—6 mm. lon ng, linear: corolla 9-14 mm. long,
white; throat lined with purple on the upper side: capsule 4—7 mm E ng, glo-
bose: seeds dy yellow, with longitudinal and transverse reticula-
En — pronounced. [G. sphaerocarpa Ell.]—Wet shaded plaees, d
onds, Coastal Plain from C pen. Fla. to E Tex., and N. J.;
P
land a the Blue Ridge and aa Valle ey, and i aA Mississippi
Valley to Ia. and Ohio.—Spr., then until fall fruiting E sly.
rea Pursh. Stem 1-4 dm. long, erect or weakly ascending, usually
mig glandular- A lent above: leaf-blades 1-2.5 em. long, li red
late to lanceolate-ovate, conspicuously glandular- -punctate, clasping at
pedicels becoming 10-35 mm. long, slender, glandular-puberulent: bodie
1192 RHINANTHACEAE
shorter than the calyx: sepals 4-7 mm. long, linear- lanceolate to p
15 lon B
eorola 10—15 mm. long, golden-yellow, un ode capsule 3 mm
strongly reticulate, brown. [G. georgiana Pen poo pine- Cre AA
sional or rare, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and N. C.; more abundant Med
ward, to Que. and Newf.—Spr.—fall.
. G. brevifolia Raf. Stem 2-4 dm. long, laxly eure simple or lit-
tle branched, eee eae eee above: leaf-blades 1—2.5 long, linear-
lanceolate, clasping a se: pedicels becoming 12-20 mm o slender,
glandular-puberulent: bractlefs equalling th yx: S 5-7 m ong,
linear: coroll long es white, the throat yellow, lined with
i : ; ; lo
brown; eapsule 1-2 mm. long, wider than long: seeds strongly reticulate, brown.
[G. Drummondii Benth.]—Moist or Es sandy soil in pinelands, Coastal Plain
from N Florida to E Texas an inland on sandstone ridges to north-
western Oca and the Cumberland Phu of E Tenn i SE —fall.
ramosa Walt. Rootstock Du d stem 1-3 dm. tall, AU or
: 0.7
vith brown: capsule 1-2 mm. long, as long as or longer than wide: seeds finely
i cues brown.—Moist or wet sandy soil in pinelands, Coastal Plain, S Fla.
to La. and Md.—Spr.
7. Œ. viscidula Pennell. Rootstock short and nearly simple: stem 2-6 dm. tall,
simple or bos; branehed, eed dh ulent 7 DE leaf-blades 1-2 em
ovate, wi : i =
glandu are ae escent: bractlets Po sale the calyx: 5—7 m. long,
O Ba RE s corolla 8-11 mm. long, W hite; throat lined with
urple: capsule ong, aa ose- a seeds strongly reticulate, brown. -
1G. viscosa Schwein, ee Hornem.]—Swales and ins streams, Blue Ridge and
Piedmont, C Ga. to E Tenn. and N Del.—Sum
10. TRAGIOLA Small & Pennell. Erect herbs, from a short rootstock.
Leaves opposite: blades serrate, glandular-punctate, the cauline rounded to a
clasping base, the basal short- petioled, forming a winter-rosette. p axil-
lary to bracts. Bractlets two, just beneath the calyx. Sepals 5, unequal. Corolla
white, personate, nearly tubular: lobes short, the posterior d nearly
Seeds numerous, irregularly tetrahedral, ob:
scurely lined, wingless.—Onme species
1. T. pilosa (Miehx.) Small & lars
Stem 2-6 dm. tall, ue (or "nearly
quite glabrous usu h shorter cda es and
bracts in T. pi iro which occurs in S i
Fla.) ; ae ul em. long, o mo. Or ub aid serrate to nearly entire
edicels less than 1 mm. long: sepals 5-7 mm. long, linear to linear- ae
somewhat exceeded by the practlets : corolla 5-9 mm. pel the throat wi ith
RHINANTHACEAE 1193
faint bluish-purple lines: capsule long: seeds yellowish. [Gratio
pilosa Michx. Sophronanthe B ms Small ]|—Pinelands, Coastal Plain
C pen. Fla. to E Tex. and N. d through northern Ala. and northern
Ga., reaching the mountain- tame of T Tenn. and W N. C.—Sum.—fal
11. SOPHRONANTHE Benth. Erect much branched herbs, with peren-
nial roots, the plant covered nearly throughout with stiff white bristle-like hairs.
Leaves opposite; blades entire, strongly revolute, pide VPE -punetate,
sessile. Flowers sessile, axillary to leaf-like brae r :
very unequal, the outer three longer than the as Eun Com A salver-
form, slightly personate: tube very narrow, short-pubescent within on all sides;
lobes shorter than the tube, the posterior
united to apex. Two postero- hut stamens
polleniferous, the antero-laterals represented
rudimentary filaments or lacking. Con-
nective not dilated. Stigmas lip-like. Cap-
sule narrowly pyramidal, acuminate, deeply-
suleate, glabrous, dedic idal. Seeds numer-
ous, nearly rectagonal, finely lined, wingless.
—One species.
1. S. hispida Benth. Stem 0.5-2 dm. tall,
hispid: leaf-blades 0.8—1.5 em. long, firm,
j an in-
rustati bove, D Eod ib be-
th: sepals 3-6 mm. long, linear RE linear- br = exceeded by the
actlets: corolla 10-13 mm nis sule 4—5 mm. long: seeds nearly black.
Horis sutulata Baldw. ]—Dry Md. CAEN Plain, S Fla. to Miss. and
Ga.—Spr.—fall.
12. AMPHIANTHUS Torr. Delicate e annual herb, from a caudex .
sending i several lax stems each buoyed the surface of the water by
he pair of leaves that aet as floats. T opposite; blades obseurely
ade -punctate, dimorphic; the basal immersed ones la ys acute, widely
sessile; the distal floating ones oval, rounded at apex, narrowed to a semi-
petiolar base. Flowers axillary to both types of leaves, although from the two
floating leaves there is usually only one, di e terminal, the basal flowers
and eleistogamie. Bractlets none Be epals 5, slightly united, somewhat
nequal.
orolla of e
or whitish, campanulate, Pos dinde
lobes shorter than the tube: while not s
the corollas of the basal flowers pr sbably a
not open. Stamens 2. Stigmas plate-like.
Capsule wider than long, flattened contrary
to septum, of two rounded cavities, loculi-
eidal to base, even splitting the septum.
Seeds numerous, M retieulate, wing-
less.—One species
silius Torr. Stem filiform, 0.1-0.5
dm. p branched only E base: leaf-blades
about 0.5 em. long: pedicels 0.5-2 mm. long,
1194 RHINANTHACEAE
shorter than the bracts: d ER 1 mm. long: corolla (of emersed flowers) 6-8 mm
long: capsule 2 mm. long, 3 m vide: seeds 1-1.2 mm. lo ng, those of the basal
pee smaller. —Aqu uatic in si low depressions in Sd rocks, Piedmont, Ga.
—Spr.—Th ds of this plant apparently lie dormant during dry seasons,
and meee in years of heavy winter precipitation. It is accordingly to be
found only at long or irregular intervals.
13. ILYSANTHES Raf. Erect, diffuse or creeping herbs, usually much-
branched, with biennial or annual roots. Leaves opposite: blades toothed to
entire, glandular-punctate, sessile or somewhat petioled. Flowers axillary to
leaf-like bracts. Bractlets none. Sepals 5, distinct or united, linear, slightly
unequal in length. Corolla blue-violet or paler, zygomorphic: lobes shorter than
the tube, the two posterior arched and united over half their length, the three
anterior projecting and with two conspicuous yellow pubescent ridges formed
by the adnate proximal portions of the anterior filaments. Filaments four,
didynamous, the two posterior shorter, anther-bearing; the two anterior pro-
jecting distally as two short yellow pubescent processes, at or near the apex of
which a reflexed glabrous upeurving prolongation may be evident. Stigmas
plate-like. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid to ovoid, somewhat oblique by the
greater development of the anterior carpel and with the callose white style-
base attached posteriorly; glabrous, septicidal throughout. Seeds numerous,
yellowish, nearly ellipsoid, prismatic- angled or winged, with fine transverse lines.
—About 70 species, widely distributed, especially in warm regions.—FaALSE-
PIMPERNELS.
Stem prostrate and extensively creeping: leaf- blades orbicular to eed OO
rounded at base, all closely sessile: seeds winged. I. BAZ
Stem erect or ascending: leaf-blades more or less elongate, at
east the lowermost narrowed at e base: seeds not
winged. II. EUILXSANTHES.
I. BAZINA
Matted plant, a a when in flower by the numerous
mottled corollas 1. I. grandiflora.
IJUILYSANTHES
Seeds a ae than wide, truncate: basal leaves small or lack-
d ng E form a rosette: stem and rcm
sli Entis 7 m
Seeds pale-y ripe iode twice or thrice as long aS wide: leaf-
blades 1-3 em. long, the lower obviously narrowed at base:
s shor ter or longer than the bracts: later flowers
cleistog: us. 2. I. dubia.
Seeds Bn bp mostly less ren twice as long as
Du leaf- es 0.5—1.5 em. long, nearly all widest pe
base and tou dd iae ing: edicels much exceeding the
Dic a throughout the season all open 3. I. inaequalis.
Seeds as wide long, apiculate: basal leaves usually larger,
present mo of the season and forming a winter-rosette:
stem and pedicels prominently ridge-angled.
Stem 0.3-1 dm. tall, uniformly leafy, the cauline leaves being
little smaller than the basal: pedicels 7-15 mm. long: cap-
sule 1-2 mm. long. 4. I. saxicola.
Stem 1-3 dm. tall, nearly bare above, the upper leaves ee
reduced to subulate bracts: pedicels 15-50 mm. long: cap-
sule 3-5 mm, long. 5. I. monticola.
I. grandiflora (Nutt.) Benth. Stems 0.2—4 dm. long, much-branched, ex-
tensively creeping: leaf-blades 0.5-1 em. long, orbieular or ovate- orbieular,
RHINANTHACEAE 1195
crenate-serrate to entire, finely glandular-
e pedieels 15-40 mm. long, erect,
mm. long,
ure
glabrate: eorolla 8-10 mm. long, violet-blue,
wit paler, the posterior e Ta ud and
with violet-blue media
lobes white, but with m SIS E MS
near the bases of the lobes: capsule 4—6
mm. long: seeds brownish-yellow, pud le
scarcely DRE than wide, slightly curved,
with 5 to 7 thin iu e [Bazina idt
Ra st s j
Fla. to S Ga.—Spr E or all year
2. I. dubia (L.) Barnhart. Stems 0.5-2.5
dm. tall, often much branched and diffusely
spreading: leaf-blades dentate, serrate, or Ac entire: those of the lower
leaves obovate or elliptie edidi ed at bas 1-3 em. long; the upper smaller
and eA ovate, with rounded (s Dx pedieels 3-20 mm. long:
pals
se ong, usually finely pubescent: d 7-10 mm. long, pale-
l
pcd Pen in eolor near margin of s: capsule 3—5 mm. long: seeds
nearly cylindrie, ind Sdn =. 1a: gratioloides (L.) Benth. I. im
(Muhl.) Small.]—Sw n. d stream-margins, e loam, open or shaded,
various provinees, N Fla. o Tex., Nebr., Wis., and N. —Sum.; i in fall fruit-
ue p n usly. :
3. alis (Walt.) Pennell. E E dm. tall much-branched and
di gu gos spreading: leaf-blades 0.5-1.5 e Ing; remotely toothed or usually
d mo vate and rounded- oum only t he lowermost nu. nar-
rowed at ed m pedicel; 10-20 mm. long: sepals 2-3 mm. long, glabrate or
glabrous: corolla 6-8 mm. long, white or faintly tinged with lavender: capsule
m. long: "ed eylindric-angled, brownish-yellow. [I. gratioloides (Fl.
sandy p y open, Coastal Plain and more northern
—Sum.-fall.
Ll
TP
SÉ
ia
B5
[em
e
e
[e]
eC
e
un
ge
a
—
m
SE
provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. Dak.
ola (Curtis) PRA s 0.3-1 dm. tall, oe tufted, sim-
nar-
Sie% or putes branched: blades of the cauline leave s 0.3-0.7 mm. long, n
rowly elliptie or somewhat epu entire, obviously glandular-dotted, nar-
rowed at base: pedicels 7-15 mm. long, obseurely ERE E puberulent: sepals
O
(— . lo
1-2 mm. long, glabrous: corolla 9-12 mm. long (not seen iE eapsule 1—2
mm. long: seeds ovoid, iE -yellow.—On rocks in rapid streams, Blue
Ridge, Ga. to N. C.—Sum.-fall.
5. I. ar ee (Nut D Raf. Stems 1-3 dm. pur rising from out a rosett
of leaves that persists p of the year, simple or laxly branched: basal ae
blades elliptic-oval to oval, undulate-de ntate to entire, obviously glandular-
punctate, 15-23 mm. ice narrowed to short petiolar bases; bla ides of the
ap
sub j "-pul
lent to glabrous: sepals 1.5-3 long, dud corolla 9-11 mm. long,
violet-purple, within paler, d and blotched: capsule 3-5 long:
seeds globose-ovoid, brownish-y ellow. [J. refracta (Ell.) Ra a — Moist sandy
open soil various provinces, N Fla. to Ala., and N. C.—Spr.-fal
4. GLOBIFERA J. F. Gmel. Creeping glabrous annual herbs, exten-
s branching and forming soft mats. Leaves I prades BN ob-
curely or not glandular-punctate, sessile or nearly s s axilary to
pe like bracts. Braetlets none. Sepals 4, slightly men iste ner
1196 RHINANTHACEAE
Corolla white, glabrous, rotate, lobes longer than the tube, the 2 posterior
united to apex, so appearing as one lobe which is smaller than the other 3.
seareely projecting bases. Stigmas lip-like,
borne on the distinet VP tips. Capsule
globose, glabrous, at maturity one-celled,
rupturing a by the break-down of
Seeds
the thin wall numerous, yellowish,
cylindric, prismatic angled, with fine trans-
verse lines.—Two or 3 species, American.
1. G. umbrosa UE. J. F. Gmel. Ste
0.5-3 dm. long, slender: leaf-blades 0.3- 11
cm. long, n cuneately narrowed at
dde pedieels 0.5-1 mm. long: sepals 1.5
. long: corolla 1.5 mm long: capsule 1 mm. long. Ma orbicu-
latum Michx. n inco M. often in n shallow pools, Coastal Plain, C pen.
N. , S. A.) —Spr.-fall.—The suborbieular leaf-blades
Fla. to Tex
are usually s less in X em. ». long.
15. HEMIANTHUS Nutt. Creeping glabrous annual herbs, extensively
branching and forming small mats. Leaves oppo or in threes: blades en-
tire, not glandular-punctate, sessile. Flowers ke to leaf-like bracts.
Bractlets none. Sepals 4, united at least half their length, but on the anterior
side distinct E to bos Corolla 1-lipped, open nearly to base on the
posterior side (the posterior lobes ME laeking), the lip deflexed- pna s
ing, 3-lobed, pubescent with short yellow hairs on the two ridges the
sinuses. Filaments two (only the antero-lateral present), Md distally
as two yellow- pubescent processes just below the bases of which upeurve the
e
Un
=
i)
t4
Lar
b
<i
en
ed
c5
ct
c
S
. e ©
e
=
= 0
=)
e
[qv]
[Ue]
d
e
S
ru zu us irregularly by the break-down of
the thin wall. Seeds numerous, yellow, cylin-
drie, prismatie-angled, with fine transverse
lines.—About 7 species, mostly West Indian.
1. H. glomeratus (Chapm.) Pennell. Stem
0.2-0.5 dm. long (or, when submersed, occa-
m. long), slend
sionally 2 dm. long), slender: leaf-blades
2—0.3 long (or, when submersed, reacl
ing 0.7-0.8 em. long), euneately narrowed |
at base: pedicels very short, usually about 0.5 mm. long: calyx 1 mm. long;
lobes acute, about 14 the length of the tube: corolla 1.5-2 mm. long, white,
anterior lobes short: e mm. lon icranthemum Nuttallii glomera- |
Hemianthus micranthemoides (Fl. SE .)]—Sandy shores of
lakes and rivers, Coastal Plain, pen. Fla——spr r.—fall or ‘all year S
16. LEUCOSPORA Nutt. Erect, hairy, annual, much branched herbs.
Leaves opposite: blades decas d not punctate, petioled. — Braetlets
Sepals 5, distinet, linear-attenuate, uniform. Corolla personate: lobes
e than the tube, the two posterior united nearly to apex, the anterior
RHINANTHACEAE 1197
xia A and slightly pubescent at base. Filaments four, didy-
us igmas plate-like. Capsule ovoid,
E aus septicidal ne o , th
valves only slightly loeulicidal near apex
S, p sh-yellow or
w
nearly colorless, er ae ridge
and with fine transverse lines.—One species.
L. multifida (Michx.) D St
dm. tall, EE -pubesce leaf-bla
les 0.5-1 em
ong, pubescent: sepals 3—5 mm. long, fi
pubescent: corolla 3—4 mm. lo ong; lobes W Den violet-purple lines; tube w ithin Man
low and purplish: capsule 3-4 mm. long. [Conobea multifida (Mi ehx.) Benth.]
on m iii D and stream- mu. various provinees, Ga. to Tex., Kans., and
Ohio.— Sum
17. MIMULUS L. Erect, glabrous, much branched herbs, with rootstocks.
Leaves opposite: blades serrate, not punctate, o or sessile. Flowers axil-
lary to leaf-like bracts. Bractlets none. Calyx-lobes 5, shorter than the tube,
nearly uniform. Corolla violet or violet- uS. personate: lobes shorter than
the tube, the two posterior united over half their length witi their free por-
x spotted with purple. Stamens 4, didynamous, glabrous. Stigmas plate-
like, sensitive. Capsule cylindrie, glabrous, enclosed within the persistent calyx,
loeulieidal. Seeds numerous, yellow, cylindric, minutely or obsoletely reticulate,
wingless.—About 70 species, mostly Ameriean.—MONKEY-FLOWERS.
Leaf-blades pen angles of stem usually slightly winged: calyx-lobes setaceous- g
tipped, 0.5-2 long. 1. M. alatus.
a Ae eT (or rarely only E DES of stem not
ged: ealyx-lobes lanceolate, 3- 5m 2. M.ringens.
1. M. alatus Ait. Stem 4-12 dm . tall, pin or somewhat branched: ps
blades 5—15 em. long, elliptic. oval, oval, or ovate: pedicels 0.5—1.5 cc -3) e
ong: calyx-lobes E tipped: corolla
ong, as in M.
35 mm. : ut t fre
quently more D with smaller Spots
and fainter brownish patches: capsule 10-
12 mm. long.—Shaded swamps, Piedmont
more northern provinces, and ng
to E Tex., Nebr., Mi ch., and Conn.—Sum.
2. ingens L. Stem 5-19 dm. tall, usu-
ally um branehed: leaf- ea = 12 em
pedicels 3-6 em. long: ca oes ANE MUN
attenuate: s und mm. long, pale
ortense-violet, throat anteriorly with purple-
red spots and Dann. two yellow areas
1198 RHINANTHACEAE
2 with m brownish patches: capsule 10-12 mm long. [A. M a
Ea —Swamps and swales, Piedmont and more northern provinee
, Minn., and N. 8.; des coe along rivers into Coastal Plain as re-
ack
ibd from Tum Fla.—Sur
i8. VERBASCUM L. Erect, simple or virgately branched herbs, with a
perennial or biennial tap-root. Leaves alternate: blades toothed or entire, those
of the cauline sessile, clasping, or sometimes decurrent. Flowers in spikes,
Sepals 5, uniform. Corolla rotate, slightly zygomorphie: lobes longer than the
tube, all equally ean. the anterior larger than the posterior. ear 3
Mec the filaments more or less lanose-pubescent. Stigma capita ap-
sule ellipsoid to RE E septieidal. Seeds numerous, gray, Bu tuber-
culate-lined, wingless.—About 250 species, natives of the Old World.—AIULLENS.
Stem glabrous or with simple gland- tipped hairs above: leaves glabrous: filaments
ali densely lanose with knobbed purple hairs: capsule sub-
globose, glandular- a rulen . V. Blattaria.
Stem pubescent with ee: glandiess hairs: leaves pubes t,
beneath: filament nose with filiform Sens
hairs, or ae anterior PE so or glabrous: capsule
nt
Leaf-blades crenate, glabrate above, the cauline sessile: pedi-
cels usually several in an axil: sepals about half length
E vded.
of eapsule: inflorescence not de nsely crow
Inflorescence a simple raceme, n pedi o one to five
an axil: capsule globose, (ns leaves green
and slightly pubescent benea 2. V. virgatum.
lH a panicle of Ti on the pedicels three to
'elve to an axil: capsule oblong or oblong-ovoid, 4-5
m ong: leaves white and densely stellate- tomentose
beneath. 3. V. Lychnitis.
Leaf-blades entire or only obscurely crenate, densely D
abo the cauline decurrent: pedicels one to
eral as inte as the capsule: inflorescence densely card 4. V. Thapsus.
V. Blattaria L. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, Pu dn or slightly branched, glandular-
pubescent above: RP M blades 2-12 em. long, elliptic to ovate, doubly
serrate-cr and
(e als 5-8 mm.
long, linear-lanceolate: corolla 25-30 mm.
wide, yellow or white: capsule
long, glandular- pcm
LEN.)— —Old fields and roads!
provinces, C Fla. to “Cali, nd
at. of Eurasia.—Sum.—
irgatum With.
c
lane eolate, erenate, deep-green above
up paler d pedicels 2-5
ong, pu ubes s bos Ong,
lanceolate: lle abou mm. w vide, yellow: capsule 7-8 mm. long, anil
L4
pubescent.—Waste- o. (eee Plain, S. C.; Calif.—Nat. of Eu.—
3. V.Lychnitis L. Stem 8-10 dm. tall, usually much branched E above,
floecose-tomentose with pu stellate hairs: cauline leaf-blades 10-20 em. long,
elliptic-lanceolate to ovate -lanceolate, erenate, dark-green above, whitened be-
neath: pedicels 2-10 mm. long, stellate-tomentose: sepals 2-3 mm. long, lanceo-
RHINANTHACEAE 1199
late: eorolla 10-15 mm. wide, yellow: capsule 3- 4 mm. long, ovoid.— (WHI
EU ms fields and roadsi des, various provinces, N. C. to Ont., ind N.
J.—Nat. of Eurasia.—Sum.
us L. Stem n dm. tall, Lage simple, densely tomentose with
V. Thaps
B pi hairs: leaf-blades 5- 30 em. long, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, finely
crenate to entire, densely E one pedieels less than 2 mm. lo
S vate wi
ub mm. |
. long, yellow: eed e 8 — (GREAT-MULLEN. OOLLY-MULLEN.
Mei NL. elds, roadsides nd thiekets, various provinees, Fla. to
Calif., S. Dak., and N. S. — Nat of Eurasia.—Sum —fall.
. CHELONE L. Odorless glabrous herbs, the erect stems arising from
a rootstock. Leaves all cauline, opposite: blades toothed, acuminate, not pune-
tate. Flowers in spike-like racemes, the br racts, excepting the lower d
he br
sepal-like, broad, entire. Bractlets 2, Similar to t acts but smaller. pal
59, uniform, rounded. orolla me gree enish, or white, 2-lipped, En
glabrous, inter rnally lanose on the margins of the palate: tube abruptly ex-
panded into an inflated throat: bos te than the throat, the posterior lip
arched, slightly lobed, the anterior lip projecting, d lobed. Polleniferous
stamens 4, didynamous, included: anther-sacs divaricate, lanose. Sterile pos-
terior filament (staminodium) shorter than o stamens, usuall rous
distally DR Seeds numerous, winged.—About 8 species, eastern North
Ameriean.—SNAKE-HEADS. 'TURTLE-HEADS.
Leaf-blades widest at or near the middle, above the cuneately narrowed base: corolla
purple to white, not or only faintly lined within throat on the
nterior side, the beard of the anterior lip pale e-yellow to
white: sterile filament less than half the length of the pol-
leniferous ones: blooming chiefly in September. I. EUCHELONE.
n
: ro :
lines of deeper color within the throat on the anterior side,
the beard of the anterior lip yellow: sterile filament over
s the Puls of the polleniferous ones: blooming chiefly
Augus
dee very short or lacking: flowers conspicuously 4-ranked,
arly leafless, usually elongate spikes: bracts, bractlets,
ad = pals finely ciliolate: corolla tending toward violet,
is color-lines wide, the beard light-yellow : sterile filament
rple. II. SESSILES.
Petioles mostly 1.5-3 cm. long: flowers obscurely ranked, in
Short spikes subtended by BOUE. reduced leaves: bracts,
bractlets, and sepals strongly ciliolate: corolla tending
toward purple, the color lines narrow, the beard deep-
yellow: sterile filament white or pinkish- -tipped. III. PETIOLATAE.
I. EUCHELONE
Corolla Dd throughout, or distally purple or sterile
filament green or greenish: sepals Heater &iliolate: leaf-
Blades rather thick and usually duller g
Distal portio on of cor iue e or Eten “externally only
paler beneath, on ae 0.2-0.6 ng: corolla
rounded or slightly keeled ERE IS often l
purplish, and with purple tinge internally. 1. C. glabra.
Leaf-blades 3-6 cm. wide, with spreadi ing teeth, only
Slightly paler beneath, on “petioles 0.6-1.2 em. long:
o
dui 1 purple tinge e dons. 2. C. chlorantha.
3. C. montana.
1200 RHINANTHACEAE
Corola purple throughout: sterile filament white rarely
AAA -tipped : pum manifestly ciliolate : leaf. blades rather
thin. and deep-gre 4. C. obliqua.
II. SESSILES
Tall plant with leaf-blades rounded to the stem. 5. C. Cuthberti.
III. PETIOLATAE
Low plant with wide-spreading ample leaf-blades. 6. C. Lyoni.
C. glabra L. m 8-16 dm. tall: leaf-blades 7-15 cm. long, lanceolate
to epic’ lanceolate G or linear-lanceolate and the spikes usually much a d
nd $S
r elliptie- -oval, rounded: sepals
7—10 mm. long, elliptic or widely elliptic,
brae braetl
ally d
greenish- E CIR Ro that =
slightly or not at all
tendency to more
ish beard and w the lateral mar gin
to % the ang of the E ones: eapsule 10—12 mm. iota wamps
and along streams, Piedmont and more northern provinces, Ga. to Minn. and
Newf.—Fall.
2. C. chlorantha Pennell & Wherry. Stem 9-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades 9—18
em. long, eoe to elliptic-ovate, sharply dentate- serrate, glabr e
nate,
mus slightly glaucous bin eath, a acumin at base cuneately narrowed t
E Sike [^ ming elongat , the flowers ipis M s ae e.
pa long, oval or ellipiie ie, b ue or rounded: sepals ong, elliptic,
obtuse or rounded: bracts, e oen and sepals ee alte the sepals
with narrow scarious margin: corolla 23-28 mm. long, proxim ally’ o the
Ede lip with pale-yellow Bla nd with the lateral margin uch de-
cre sterile filament 144 to % the perm of the polleniferous ones: nupta
een.—Swamps and along streams, Blue Ridge and adj. Piedmont, N. C.—
Fal
3. C. montana (Raf.) Pennell & Wherry. Stem 6-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades
9-18 em. long, lanceolate (or elliptic or elliptic-oval and dentate- serrate borne
on a larger plant; corolla usually 30-36 mm. long, and capsule 10-12 mm
ng, in C. montana elati 3 curri
RHINANTHACEAE 1201
s: capsule not seen.—Sphagnous bogs and stream-margins, at high eleva-
"one Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, N. C. to Ky. and Pa.—Sum.-fall.
a L. Stem 8-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades 8-18 cm. long, elliptie to
ovate- ao i Rin: slightly pubescent or glabrous, slightly paler
beneath, acute to usually a at base euneately narrowed to the petiole
which is 0.5- 1.5 em. lo ae Pee “say somewhat elongate, the flowers ob-
0 mm. long, broadly
mm
. C. 1 wit
the lateral iuda ewha i ii flexed: sterile filament 4% to % the length of
the polleniferous ones: bed not seen.—Alluvi Ax. swamps, Coastal Plain and
Mississippi Valley, Fla. to n. SON and Md.—Fall.
5. C. Cuthbertii Small Stem 4-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades 5—10 em. lon ng,
lanceolate to aps edd to dene eoarsely serrate, pud ous, pale and slightly
lustrous beneath, uate-aeuminate, rounded at ba ase nearly sessile to some-
lasping: 2 ic
ciliolate, wit
purple scarious margins: corolla 20-25 a long, slightly kee led posteriorly,
i 1 ior lip with light
yellow beard and with the lateral i ea deflexed : wre bg uud
purple, 2 = d the length of the polleniferous ones: capsule 10—
eeds
C. Grimesii Weatherby]—Boggy meadows onde thickets
adds ET Bine Ridge, N. C.; and in the Coastal P of Va.—Sum
. Lyoni Pursh. Stem 6-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades 10-20 c m. long, ovate,
evenly serrate, pr p to gla iid somewhat glaucous bene , eon-
S ow e
n x
ment white or pinkish-tipped, nearly as oe as the polleniferous ones: capsu
10-12 mm. long, not seen mature. [C.l e Muhl. ]-—Moist mountain peni
in forest, Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn.—
20. PENSTEMON [Mitch.] Sehmidel. Strong-scented herbs with erect
un or several nearly terete stems arising from a short rootstock or eaudex,
inflorescence usually glandular. Leaves dimorphie: those o the winter
inim narrowed into petiole-like bases: cauline-leaves opposite, the blades
entire or toothed, or rarely pinnatifid, the upper ones sessile and usually elasp-
i wers panieulate, often thyrsoid. Bractlets none. Sepal 5, uniform.
o
didynamous, included: anther-saes usually divarieate. Sterile posterior fila-
76
1202 RHINANTHACEAE
ment peer equalling the fertile stamens or longer, with yellow hairs.
Stigma capit Capsule eonie-ovoid, glabrous, septieidal and secondarily
slightly qom eeds numerous, angled, wingless.—About 300 species,
North American.—BEARD-TONGUES
Leaf-blades of 2 types, the cauline bipinnatifid, those of the basal E oe
or few-toothed: staminodium conspicuously exserted. I. DIS
Leaf-blades all entire or o those of the basal rosettes
tio i
inflorescence-branches less elongate.
Corolla pubescent with glandless hairs within over th
bases of the anterior lobes, the throat well in aad
leai-blades more or less serrate. II. GRACILES.
Corolla glandular-puberulent within on all sides, the
throat slightly inflated : leaf-blades entire or oem So. III. TUBIFLORI.
xci RE dehiscent by short proximal slits, the distal part
sae pouch-like: inflorescence- branches elongate. IV. MULTIFLORI.
I. DISSECTI
Plant puberulent: corolla purple and lined. 1. P. dissectus.
II. GRACIL
cones with throat much inflated, only a dads 2-ridged
within: anterior lobes little exceeding the posterior:
: Sr ;
Corolla 23-30 mm. long: sepals evidently scarious-
margined : inflorescence of 3-5 fascicles, markedly
glandular-pubescent. 2. P. Digitalis.
Corolla 17-23 mm. lon sepals scarcely scarious-
margined : inflorescence of 5-7 fascicles, glabrous or
sparsely Cana 3. P. alluviorum.
nine ES Sor E E less strongly inflated,
or less violet-purple: sepals ovate-lanceolate to
n nora attenuate.
PEDAS ovate- oa ae 3-6 mm. long: corolla 15-20
lon Med: of the eauline leaves lanceolate,
metim “na wly . P. Pentstemon.
Sepals linear: ao long-attenuate, 5-12 mm. long:
coro -35 mm, lon oe of the cauline leaves
bro adly lanceolate to OV 5. P. calycosus.
PORO with throat narrower, o M 2-ridged within: ante
or corolla-lobes projecti ng considerably beyond the
uc osterior: staminodium densely bearded.
Corolla lined with deeper color: i ee to the throat open:
anther- Le longer than wi
Lower bracts of dore nce. foliose, Scarcely smaller
|. than the eme cauline leaf- blades usually tapering
from a wide base, evenly and sharply serrate: radical
leaf-blades truncate to cordate at base: corolla 28-35
mm. long: capsule 0 mm. long. G. P. Smallii.
HONEI a of inflorescence much 'smaller than the
1 VS more irregularly or less sharply ser-
rate: radical leaf-blades narrowed to petiole:
corolla usually smaller
Throat a corolla moderately inflated, nearly cylin-
dric:
: corolla 20-32 mm. long.
Leaf- "blades essentially glabrous, deep green
udis e cauline rather sharply serrate:
m 2-5 dm ME corolla strongly purple. 7, P. Brittonorum.
Leaf. “blades somewhat pubescent, dull Pren
dd
serrate: S
corolla pa eue or nearly ud 8. P. canescens.
n 4
Corolla SUI. em Tine d with purple: leaves
e sely and softly pubescent, velvety to the
9. P. pallidus.
TOS 'purple or purplish: leaves finely pubes-
cent or puberulent.
RHINANTHACEAE 1203
Sepals less than half the length of the cap-
sule: corolla pale violet-purple, ante-
riorly with nearly or 2 uite distinct fine
nes: primary peduncles ascending-
spreading.
Capsule 5- 7 long: sepals 2-3 mm
long, Disi to acute: blades of the
cauline leaves elliptic-lanceolate
rowly ovate, obtuse to acute. 10. P. brevisepalus.
Capsule 8—9 long: sep
long, acute to acuminate: blades of the
cauline leaves lanceolate, acute to acu-
nate.
n
RB
. P. pauciflorus.
Sepals half the length of the capsule or
more: corolla reddish-purple, on all sides
with lines that anastomose distally: pri-
n ET peduncles strongly ascending
nm
t2
. P. australis.
Corolla unis. orie to the throat closed by the up-
arching lower lip: anther-saes as wide as long.
so a throat purplish to violet, the lobes white:
sepals usually over half the length of the capsule:
leaf-blades soon glabrous, except for coarse hairs
beneath on midrib. 13. P. hirsutus.
Corolla-throat "end lobes white: sepals less than half
the length of the po leaf-blade es pue HE on
oth surfaces, only in age becoming nn 14. P.tenuiflorus.
III. TUvBIFLOR
Plant glabrous: corolla white, m lobes ie Spreading. 15. P. tubiflorus.
IV. TIFLO
Plant glabrous: corolla white, EA e poa campanulate ;
lobes slightly spreading. 16. P. multiflorus.
1. P. dissectus El. Stem 3-4 dm. p RU dA gc of the cauline
leaves bipinnatifid, the Merc linear: ele lax, 1-3 fascicles: sepals
3—4 eg long, broadly ate, ac e
m corolla 20-25 mm. long, externally
ned
seen.—Gravelly soil and rock- ne
amd Grit, Coastal Plain, Ga.—Sum
2. P. Digitalis Nutt. Stem 7-15 dm. tall,
E e ntly Purple, slightly shin-
ing: blades
cent, the Ed S scarious and erose: corolla
25-40 m m. long, white or ie TN Seren “sometimes slightly lined with
mparo-purple P capsule 8-9 mm. long.—Fields and poner various
ae N Ala. to Kans. and Me. Adv. E.—Spr.
viorum Penn e Stem 6—12 dm. tall, dull , finely pubescent or
0
acuminate, the margi "sligl ] .
white or slightly purplish, somewhat lined with purple within: Er ule not se
mature.—Meadows, o ially we Mississippi emba in of the en
Plain, and adj. provinces, Miss. to Ar k., Mo., an I E.
4. P. Pentstemon (L.) MaeM. Stem 4—10 dm. tall, dull, puberulent to nearly
glabrous, sometimes slightly purple: blades of the eau line leaves lanceolate,
finely or ' obscurely serrate, acuminate: panicle lax, of 3-5 pesca: sepals 3-6
1204 RHINANTHACEAE
mm. long, din lanceolate, acute or short- d proximally with erose
somewhat searious margin: corolla 15-20 mm. long, externally red t pur ple,
within ds white and ‘faintly lined with pur rple: capsule 6-7 lon ng.
Ng ORA ie (L.) Ait t.] —Meadows and river-banks, various orden SN Fla.
S Ala., E Tenn., and Pa.—Spr.
u
late to ovate, a serrate, acute to acuminate: panicle lax, of 3-5 n
sepals 5-12 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, e -attenuate, the margin tim
slightly scarious: corolla 20-35 mm. long, externally more or d ES -purple
within paler and wi i ore or less o purple lines: pou 7—8 mm. long.
—Woods and
and adj. oe. N ‘Ala. to Ill pe Ohio.—
6. P. Smallii Heller. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, finely puberulent: blades of the
eauline leaves broadly lanceolate to triangular. ovate, sharply serrate: panicle
lax, of 3-5 fa sree sepals 5-7 mm. long, ee -acumin ddl fem margins som
times slightly scarious: corolla 28-35 mm. long, externally amparo cu
within paler an i. with many sharply defined e UN lines: eapsule 8-10 mm
long.—Woods, Blue Ridge and Appalachian Valley, N. C. and Tenn.—Spr
7. P. Brittonorum Pennell. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, finely pubescent or hirsute
below, green or purplish: blades of ae pm elliptic-lanceolate, bal
serrate, acute to acuminate: panicle lax, of 3-5 fascicles: sepals
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acumina ate, the margin scarious proxima My.
corolla 25-30 mm. long, purple, paler than P. Smallit, and tenes e color-lines
narrower: capsule 7-8 mm. long.—Woods, Blue Ridge, S. C. to Va.—Spr.
8. P. canescens Britton. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, pubescent: ew of the cauline
leaves elliptic SS irregularly se Rd panicle lax » f 3-6 fascicles: sep-
als 4—7 mm. lon he margin ob-
securely searious: corolla 29— 32 mm. long, nsi pale amparo-purple, within
white and with many sharply defined purple lines: capsule 6-8 mm. long.—
Po or sandy woods, Blue Ridge and Appalachian provinces, Ala. to Ky.,
Pa., and N. C.; qucm in uc Piedmont in S Va.—Spr.
9. P. pallidus Small Stem 4-8 dm. tall, pubescent, hirsute eae blades
of the cauline leaves lanceolate, serrate or serrate, ui. pne : paniele
of 4—7 fascicles: sepals 3-7 mm. long, o cuminate, the n slightly
l
searious: corolla 17-22 mm. jc "white, a with EC purple lines: eapsule
6-7 mm. long.—Rocky or sandy woods and old fields, N. C. to Ark., Ia., and
Vt. Adv E
10. P. brevisepalus Pennell. Stem 6-8 dm . tall, finely pubescent: blades of
the ous P Bora pers b ovate. lanceolate, crenate-serrate or ser-
a obtus somewhat inate: panicle lax, of 4—7 fascicles: sepals 2-3
lon g dich den sish (a bus SA , the uh slightly searious: corolla 15-23
(25 ) mm. lo ong, externally pale lavender- nn or amparo-purple, within paler
and am. violet -purple lines: capsule 5-7 mm. long.—Sandy or rocky woods,
Appalachian Plateau, Tenn. and Ky.—Spr.
11. P. pauciflorus Buckl. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, puberulent: blades of th
eauline leaves narrowly a. sharply serrate, aeute to attenuate- boe)
nate: paniele lax, of E —6 fas sepals 3-5 mm. long, ovate, acute to
minate, the Mn s sligh ur searious: corolla 20— 25 mm. long, pale- a
within with fine violet-purple lines: capsule 7-9 mm. lon ng. —Sandy soil, m
woodland and RR Coastal Plain and adj. SUN N Fla. to Tex., Okla.
and Ark.—Spr.
12. ustralis Small. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, finely pubescent, or at the bas
punc ubi blades of the eauline leaves lanceolate, usually iuis
RHINANTHACEAE 1205
80, slightly serrate, attenuate- d and strict, of 3—7 fascicles: sepals
4— . lon
8 m ; ovate, acute to acuminate, argin slightly scarious: corolla
20-25 n mm. long Een Ku ae within paler and with E
dis rd lines which are most pronouneed on the anterior side: capsule
m. long.—Pinelands, granite hills and sandy fields, Coastal Plain and Pied-
nons C Fla. to Miss. and S Va.—Spr.
13. P. hirsutus (L.) Willd. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, hirsute: blades of the cauline
leaves laneeolate, serrate-dentate or sinuately serrate, acuminate, elaspi ng:
paniele lax, of 3 3-6 fascicles: sepals 3-8 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, the mar gin
sometimes slightly scarious: corolla 23-28 mm. long, the tube externally
amparo-purple to light-violet, the lobes white: capsule 8-9 mm. long. [P.
pubescens ae ae uffs and woods, various provinces, N of Coastal
Plain, Tenn. to Wis., Que., and Me.—Spr.
14. P. tenuiflorus Pennell. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, hirsute: blades of the cauline
leaves lanceolate to ovate, seen serrate or undulate, acuminate: panicle lax,
of 4—7 fascicles: sepals 2-5 ong, ovate, e or short-acuminate, the
margin sometimes scarious: ERI 25-30 mm. long, externally glan ndular-
pubescent and white: capsule 8-9 mm. long.—Stony or roeky soil, especially in
cedar- nh Interior Low Plateaus, Ala. to Ky.—Spr.
15. P. tubiflorus Nutt. Stem 5-10 dm. tall, de id blades of the cauline
leaves citi -lanceolate to lanceolate, entire o er sida D
serrate, nate: paniele (thyrsus) striet, o£ hs ils Aie mm.
tri inate, the margi j rolla
white, within glandular-pubescent; lobes of both lips b s capsule.
-8
ong.—Gravelly banks, mostly along the Pa River and tributaries
and Ozark Plateau, Tenn. to Tex., Kans., and I
16. P. multiflorus Chapm. Stem 8-15 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the
c sas leaves oblanceolate, entire or slightly sd pod aeute: paniele
diffuse, of 5-8 fascicles: sepals 3-5 mm. long, ovate, obtuse or acutish, the
mee lightly searious: corolla 20-22 mm. long, us or faintly purplish, the
throat much inflated; lobes of both lips projecting-spreading: capsule 7-9 mm.
long.—Sandy soil, pinelands and scrub, S Fla. to S Ga.—Spr.-sum, or all year 8.
21. SCROPHULARIA L. Erect strong-scented herbs. Stem arising
from a stout rootstock, 4-angled. Leaves opposite: blades relatively broad,
toothed, petioled. owers in panicles. Bractlets none. Calyx-lobes 5 ue h
longer than the tube. Corolla greenish- purple or purplish-brown, two-lippe
tube cylindric; posterior lip as long as the tube, projecting and flattened, ike
t-
s : eeds numerous, plump, fur-
owed.—Over 100 species, native of the
Northern Hemisphere ,
S. marilandica L. Stem 8-15 dm. tall:
"s blades 10-17 cm. long, ovate, often
broadly so, serrate or rather finely dentate,
rounded or cordate at the base, on near ly
1206 RHINANTHACEAE
wingless petioles: aad usually ample and lax, of 4-10 fascicles, often with
several B of the lower bracts foliaceous: calyx- -lobes triangular- -rounded,
2-3 mm. long: coro ah ps 8 mm. i staminodium purple: capsule 4—7 mm.
long, E -ovoid, acute.— (F1aGWwo HEAL-ALL.)—Rich woods, Blue Ridge
and more northern provinces, Fla. A Ala. to Nebr., Ont., and Mass.—Sum.
22. RUSSELIA Jacq. Erect-arching herbs or shrubby plants, with s
eral or many striate-angled stems in a clump on the pe erennial root, and w m
branches. Leaves all eauline, whorled, with small or scale-like blades. Flowers
in e eymes, the Lone minute. Bractlets none. Sepals 5, only slightly
if at all united. Corolla red, 2-lipped: tube nearly cylindric: lips short, the
dm with partly ed arched lobes, the anterior spreading. Stamens 4,
iced nai us: anther-sacs explanate 2
Stigma punetifo
S
embedded the seeds. Seeds numerous, cylin-
drie, reticulate-roughened, long-funicled.—
About 30 species, tropical American.
1. R. juncea Zuce. Stem 8-25 dm. long,
with Eon pm and 4—6 ridges, vir-
gately branched: leaves seale-ike or if
velo
developed E blades vier elliptic, less
than 1 em. long, short-petioled: cymes lax
or diffuse, 1— 7 -flowered : oak ovate, 2 mm
long, a minate: hec 20-25 mm. "long: capsule 0— me mm. long, prominently
anne -mucronate. — (FOUNTAIN-PLANT. CORAL-PLANT.) — Waste-places and
roadsides, pen. Fla. and cult. Nat. of ee or all year
23. ANGELONIA H. & B. Herbs with erect stems arising from a root-
stock. Leaves opposite: blades often toothed. Flowers in racemes, the bracts
much smaller than the leaves. Bractlets none. epals 5, uniform. Corolla
violet-blue, zygomorphie: anterior lip like a shallow cup or saucer: lobes
spreading, the anterior the longer, with a yellow palate at the base and a pro-
jecting horn on the mid-anterior lobe. Sta-
mens 4, scarcely didynamous: filaments
u
ub n
planate. Stigma punctiform-capitate. Cap-
sule globose, loeulieidal. eeds numerous,
with raised wing-like retieulations.—A bout ;
30 species, tropieal Ameriean.
1. A. angustifolia Benth. Plant us dm
an the stem and branches glabrous or
sparsely pubescent; leaf-blades ine
a oe ban em. loi ng, dur remotely
p" em. ip wide,
otted within: capsule 6-7 mm. in diameter, nodding.—(ANGELON. )—Waste-
oles hs grounds, and rarely Suc S Fla. Nat. of Mex.—Spr.-fall.
RHINANTHACEAE 1207
24. COLLINSIA. Nutt. Delicate annual herbs, the stem erect, much-
branched. Leaves opposite: blades toothed, the upper ones sessile or clasping.
Flowers in loose racemes, long-pedicelled, Ne to foliaeeous bracts, some-
times in whorls of 3-6. Bractlets none. Calyx-lobes 5, uniform, half as long
s the tube or more, acute. Corolla two-lipped: tube gibbou S on the posterior
oe : posterior lip pale or white, shorter than the anterior, proximally wi
concave-arched portion which abruptly terminates in a transverse-rounded,
puberulent, palate-like ridge, beyond which the lip a upeurved-ereet with
free fan-like lobes; anterior lobes projecting, blue, the median one with mar-
gins upcurved, so that the petal is boat-like, nn exceeded by the flat lat-
eral lobes. Stamens 4,slightly didynamou
filaments slender: anthers scarcely exse ana
sacs divaricate, glabrous. Posterior stamen
represented by a s knob. Stigma capi-
tate. Capsule subglobose ewhat flat
tened laterally, loculicidal and also slightly
septieidal. Seeds few, smooth, P
About 30 species, North Americ
C. verna Nutt. Stem 1-5 dm. tall pu-
bescent chiefly in 2 end leaf-blades ellip-
tie-ovate to ovate, Pp serrate- ia
the upper rou unded to clasping base, the
lower narrowed to a UE e base m edi-
cels Baer in fruit 10-45 mm. long: calyx 6—10 mm. long; lobes lanceolate,
nearly twice as long as the vd rs 10—15 mm. long; lobes Med pei Or
shallowly notched: E v fms pud. seeds 2.5-3 mm. long, bro
(INNOCENCE. BLUE-E a Moi ise. especially in ‘alluvial soil, "In
terior Low Plateaus id adi women “Ton nn. to Mo., Mich., and W. N. vs
Spr.
25. LINARIA Mil. Erect annual or perennial herbs, the stem branched,
sometimes with basal shoots. Leaves alternate, or opposite on the basal shoots:
blades narrow, entire, sessile. Flowers in racemes, the bracts foliaceous, or
ch reduced etlets none. Sepals 5, uniform. Corolla 2- ius ps
or violet: tube spurred at the base anteriorly: posterior lobes mo r Jess
united and arched: anterior lobes united and spreading, at times iN a z definite
palate. Stamens 4, didynamous, included: filaments glabrous: anther
divaricate. Stigma capitate. Capsule o to cylindric, loculic Ta P
irregular ruptures. Seeds numerous, prismatic-angled and wingless, or flattened
ang
and broadly winged.—About 120 species, widely distributed, but most abundant
in the old World.—SPURRED-SNAPDRAGON. "TOADFLAXES.
Corolla violet or violet-purple; anterior lip with 2 rounded ridges, but no palate:
capsule globose or nearly. so: seeds less than 0.5 mm. long,
wingless: plant annual, or perhaps biennial, with prostrate
I. LEPTOPLECTRON.
asal shoots
Corolla a ee anterior lip with a prominent orange-colored
palate: capsule ovoid: seeds about 1.5 mm. long, winged:
plant perennial, all stems erect. II. EULINARIA.
I. LEPTOPLECTR
nd nearly glabrous, shorter than the nau corolla 7—12
ee the spur slender, decurved: capsule 2-3.5 mm
1. L. canadensis.
1208 RHINANTHACEAE
Pedicels Ro E longer than the corolla: corolla
5-6 mm. long, the spur very short: capsule 1.5-2 mm. long. 2. L. floridana.
I.
Flowers in stiffly erect dense racemes: pA SO 2-lipped ;
the stout spur tapering. 3. L. Linaria.
l. L. canadensis (L.) Dum. Stems slender, 2-6 dm. tall: leaves jio.
but uer numerous on the n stems, linear, 1.5-2.5 em. long, those o
and
37s
shorter and wi e raceme elongate, nod.
glabrous: o 1-5 mm. long: sepals 2-3
mm. long, l sree corolla 7—10 mm. long,
canadensis texana which predominates west-
ward); ifr. lip with on lobes about
roadsides, various provinces, ad Coastal
Plain, Fla. - De and Mass.— —(
in sum. ripening “ite fruit
Beets ses one —The species name is a misnomer, as it is not found in Canada.
2. L. floridana Chapm. Stems slender, 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades filiform, 1—2.5
em. long, those the aces shoots whorled in 3’s: raceme zigzag, glandular-
a ites pedicels 5-10 mm. long: sepals iis en pari ien ceolate: corolla
5-6 mm. long, ce puts an about 0.5 m ong; pos r lip with pis
irs dos e as Tm as the body; anterior Rm with oe lobes: eap-
e 1.5-2 mm. lon Dry sandy soil, often in serub or on sandhills, Coastal
Pain, Fla. to ) Miss. dud da— pr.
3 & (L.) Karst. Stems 4-8 dm. tall, usually several together;
leaf- ERU 3- 6 em. jig linear to linear-lance olat ate: raceme stout: pedicels 3-8
mm. long: sepals 3-4 mm. long, lanceolate-ovate: corolla 15-20 mm. long, the
spur 10-15 mm. long; aa oe lip with recurved lobes ed Qon the body;
lobes of a anterior lip deflexed- n E capsule 9-12 mm. long. [L. vul-
garis Mill]—(BuTTER-AND-EGGS. WILD-SNAPDRAGON. YEL pm TOADFLAX.)—
epe ips and waste- D various provinces, Ala. to Ark., N. Dak., Ont.,
aN. S. Nat. of Eurasia.—Sum
26. KICKXIA Dumort. Pubescent perennial herbs, the stems pros-
trate, often matted. Leaves alternate: blades broad, entire, sometimes hastate
t the base. Flowers Dd to leaf-like bracts, slender-pedicelled. Bractlets
none. Sepals 5, uniform. Corolla 2-lipped, Pa yellow: tube with
deflexed spur: posterior lip with lobes shorter than the body, distally purple;
anterior lip raised anteriorly into a ned pun bu the lobes mostly
yellow. e 4, didynamous, ineluded: filaments pubescent: anthers horse-
shoe- a sacs opening proximally, densely white-hairy. Stigmas some-
what ted. p sule globose, glandular-pubescent, loculicidal by the falling
away as a lid a ost of the wall of each carpel. Seeds few, with reticula-
tions or convolutions.—About 25 species, natives of the Old World.—FLUELLINS.
Leaf-blades hastate-lobed at the base: sepals lanceolate: corolla 5 mm. long, with
straight spur: anthers wholly cohering. 1. K. Hlatine.
RHINANTHACEAE 1209
Leaf-blades rounded or cordate at base: sepals ovate: corolla 6-8
mm. long, with curved spur: anthers usually more or less co-
hering. 2. K. spuria.
1. K. Elatine (L.) Dumort. Mte 2-8 dm. long: leaf-blades 1-2 em. par.
ovate, hastate at the deaur or ae cordate base, the petioles 2-4 mm
long: sepals 3-5 mm. ue e iri dp dnd -lan
n E 3—5 mm. long: C pedi. 3
ong, equalling or exceeding the m
erts with strongly ra p and wing-like
aoe — (CANKER-ROOT.) — Waste- places,
andy fields, and roadsides, various B n
Ga. to La., Mo., Mass., and Del Nat. of
2. K. spuria (L.) Dumort. Stem 2-8 dm.
es
.10ng
mm. long: capsule 3.5-4 mm. long, nearly
concealed in the calyx: seeds Mi slightly
raised retieulations and convolutions.—
(FEMALE FLUELLIN Pedes places a and ballast, various provinces, Ala. to Mo.,
N. Y., and N. C. .of Eu.—Sum
27. VERONICASTRUM Fabr. Tall virgate herbs, the solitary stem
erect from an elon ngate rootstock. Leaves whorled: blades narrow or relatively
€ toothed, short-petioled. Flowers in a terminal spike-like raceme which is
ually accompanied by several smaller racemes axillary to the upper leaf-
od Bracts very small. Bractlets none. Sepals 5, uniform. Corolla tubu-
lar, white or pinkish-white: lobes broad, less than half the length of the tube,
the posterior ones wholl
psule ovoid, gla
slightly loeulieidal. um -
nen reticulate.—T'wo species, "i fallo w-
ing and one Asiatic.
1. V. virginicum (L.) Farwell. Stem 10-
20 dm. tall: leaves whorled in 3's-6's, usu-
ally in 5's: blades lanceolate to elliptic-
ovate, 3—-Jarom. long, finely serrate: racemes
20—30 em song, iu the bracts setaceous-
subulate, 2-3 ong: pedicels less than 1 mm. long: sepals ovate- ower ia
about 2 mm. ave AM o mm. long, glabrous without, pubescent within
filaments nearly twice as long as the pn eapsule 3 mm. long. [Veronica
virginica L. Leptandra virginica (L.) tt.]|—(BowMAN’s-RooT. CULVER’S-
PHYSIC. BLACK- yk mE and a woods, various provinces, Ga. to
—Sum
28. VERONICA L. Low creeping or Spreading perennial or an
herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate above: blades linear to cord ate, toot ed
or nearly entire. Flowers in terminal or axillary racemes or spikes. Bractlets
1210 RHINANTHACEAE
none. Sepals 4 (the o one lacking), uniform or the anterior longer.
Corolla rotate, blue, violet, or white: lobes spreading, longer than the tube, the
posterior ones wholly united » form one rounded lobe. Stamens 2 (only the
2 postero-laterals present): anthers Pana exserted, glabrous, the saes paral-
lel. Stigma eapitate apsule flattened contrary to the septum, as wide as
long or wider, deeply Since don Seeds numerous or few, smooth.—About 250
species, widely distributed.—SPEEDWELLS
Main stem terminating in an inflorescence, whose flowers are densely crowded or
I. VE
remote and axillary: bract- lr alternate. RONICELLA.
Main stem not terminating in an inflorescence, leaves opposite
thro uchont and flowers all as axilary racemes. II. EUVERONICA.
VERONICELL
Plant perennial: flowers in terminal racemes: ie pale, with
deep-blue ee only on the posterior side.
Plant annual: flowers axillary to most of the leaf-axils: corolla
more iu colored.
Pedicels shorter than the linear to lanceolate sepals: a
stron D a ned: AS DH less than 1 mm. long,
i
V. serpyllifolia.
. V. peregrina.
[e]
o
c
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bond
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B
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I
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c
tj
o
a
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om
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ct
EB
ga
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B
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et
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e
oy
re
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bo
-ti airs.
Leaf-blades petioled or the upper ones sessile, those of
lower stem- leaves ovate, ee ser a corolla
ela: adless or obscurely gland tipped ha airs. 3. V. arvensis.
Pedicels longer than the ate Ne capsule relatively
m seeds few, 1.5— E ipt ng, ‘turgid, rough: stem
Leaf-blades ovate: sepals short-ciliate, not accrescent :
apsule v flattened, deeply notehed, pubes
ed En see 1.5-2 mm. long, bro
Corolla-lobes ao exceeding the aS sepals: capsule-
lobes rounded, the distal point of each about mid-
way between the style and the lateral margin
style shorter than the capsule. 4. V. polita.
Corolla-lobes much exceeding the sepals: capsule-lobes
acutish in profile, the most_ distal point of each
near the lateral margin: style as long as the cap-
5. V. persica.
Leaf-blades broadly and shallowly cordate, 3-5-lobed:
sepals conspicuously ciliate, accrescent: capsule tur-
gid, scarcely notched, glabrous: seeds 2.5-3 mm. long,
blackish. 6. V. hederaefolia.
EUVERONICA
uen pubescent, wider than bese ng, the most distal point of
ach lobe near the lateral margin: pedicel shorter than the
eee stem, leaves, pedicels, and calyx with glandless hairs:
leaf-blades oval, with petiole-like bases: herbage pubescent:
plant of dry soil. 7. V. officinalis.
Capsule Sabine or sparingly glandular-pubescent, as wide as
long or narrower, the most distal point of each lobe about
: aquatic.
Leaf-blades all petioled: racemes usually 10-25-flowered :
corolla 2.5—-3 mm. long, violet-blue: style 2—3 mm. long:
ou
a
2
plant glabr Y. americana.
est! blades of the flow ering stem sessile and clasping ; those
of the autumnal shoots petioled: racemes usually 30- oe
flowered: corolla 2 mm. long, pale- n. style 1- à. 5m
long: inflorescence with gland-tipped rs. 9. V. glandifera.
1. V. rpylli folia L. Stem 0.3-2 dm. long, finely pubescent with incurved
hairs, ur distally erect and floriferous: leaf-blades elliptie- cae or aa
RHINANTHACEAE 1211
0.9—1.6 em. long, e crenate, obtuse:
Tia icels 2-3 mm. long, ascending: sepals 3
nm. long, “elliptic ee “glabrous: corolla
uem 2 mm. long: style 2 mm. lon p-
sule 3 m viel ng, ele Wes lightly
d -pubesc ent.—Fields, roads ides and
cult. grounds, Blue Ridge ut more mra
ern provinees, N. C. to Mo., Minn., Ont.,
and Newf.; also "a aa on the Pacifie
slope.—Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-
: regrina L. Stem 1-3 dm. tall,
glabrous (glandular- -pubescent Bo
even to the capsules, in V. peregrina xala-
ts) -bra
elliptic, 1.5-3.5 em. long, obtuse, m ire the larger crenate-dentate: reden
0.5-1 mm. oe sepals 3-5 mm. lon ne, iar -elliptie: eorolla about 2 mm. long:
style 0.1—0.2 mm. long: capsule about 3 mm. long, shallowly notehed, glabrous.
n ag a )- Cult. grounds and moist fields, various provinces, Fla. to
, Ia., Mich., and N. B.—Spr.
3. V. arvensis L. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, pubescent with glandless or obscurely
gland-tipped hairs, e d much-branehed, flor abis nearly througho ae i af-
Pei ova d - 9—1.5 em. long, obtuse, crenate-serr Tos icels 0.5—1 n ong:
s 3—4 . long, no oadly linear: corolla Mm am . long, deep- Du the
ae Sox pd blue lines: style 0.5 mm. E E 2. 5-3 mm. long, deeply
notched, pubescent. — (WALL- hp ope, =a dry woods, an
rounds, various provinces, C Ga. to Okla., o - PUN and Newf.; also nes
duced on the Pacific slope. Nat. of Eurasia.— — Spr.
4. V. polita Fries. saad 1-2 dm. long, finely P mueh branched:
ed blades ovate, 0.5—1.2 em. long, aoe with rounded teeth: pedicels 5-10
a dt P ovate, 3-4 m jw ng, reti ae “obscurely ciliate:
EU long, violet-blue: st tyle ln long: capsule mm. long,
deeply eel minutely cu Fields ind cult. grounds, various prov-
inees, Fla. to Tex. and N. Y. Nat. of
5. V. persica Pu Stem 1-3 dm. long, pd distally ascending: leaf-
blades ovate, 1-2 em. long, dentate: ates 4—6 mm. long, finely ciliate:
corolla 5 mm. long, blue, ons reel paler, Ga n with deep-blue lines: style
3 mm. long: capsule 3 -À m m. long, broadly notched, pubescent.—Fields, Sad
sides, and waste-places, various provinces, Fla. to Calif., Alas., and "New
Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)—Spr.
6. V. hederaefolia L. Stem 0.5-3 dm. long, white- poli c much Paai
di ages eect leaf- blades abr ovate, 0.5-1.5 em. long, 3—5-lobed, the
ao pene s tire: pedicels 7-18 mm. long: sepals Een adly ovate, a anthe-
m. Mu becoming 5 Us mm. long, e ciliate: corolla 2 m m. long,
Dun style 0.5 mm. long: capsule 3 mm. long, scarcely ive ed, gla abrous.
"Rs pu. D ce orchards, and waste-places, various provinces,
o N. Y. of Eu.—Spr.
7. V. officinalis L. Stem 1-4 dm. long, Dn much- Pd oia: leaf-blades
oval, 2-5 em. long, erenate-serrate: um ostly A 10 e ong: pedicels 1-2
mm. long: p ad ue olate, 2 mm. long: rolla pu . lon Dg, pale-
lavender, on the don side with Bee blue c. style 2.5— 3. 5m . lon
capsu ule 3—4 mm. lon G IPSY- Mr d on ue ope n woods, mac prov-
inces, in Coastal Plain only N, N. o Tenn,, S. , Ont., and N. S. Na
of Eu.—Sum
1212 RHINANTHACEAE
ricana Schwein. Stem 2-8 dm. long, € eL at the base, glabrous:
leaf- blades lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2-8 c ong, serrate with low teeth,
acute or aeutish: b s mostly 5—10 cm. lon ape Su. 5-8 mm. long: sepa als
elliptie lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, acuminate: e rolla 2.5-3 mm. long, violet-
blue m deeper- edi lines: capsule 2.5—3 long, slightly eim
(BROOÉLIME.)— Woodland streams and spring- rm ad Ridge and more N
ee N. C. to Calif Alas., Ont., and Newf.— (Mec. :
9. V. glandifera Pennell. Stem 3-6 dm. long, creeping at the ho bo cni
finely s dign apr ud pubescent: leaf-bla ie lanceolate,
. lon
broadly so, 4-9 c ng, sharply crenate-serrate, acuminate: ra aes puse
10—15 em. "na. pe edie els 3- 5 mm. sea ee lanceolat te ae narrowly ovate, 2—3
mm. long, acuminate: corolla 2 mm. long, pale violet-blue, with few deeper-
1
blue lines: style 1-1.5 mm. "don ng: e ule 2.5-3 mm. long, ‘rounded. —Shallow
streams and stream-margins, various provinces, N. C. to Ind. and Pa.—Sum
29. MACRANTHERA Torr. Tall annual or biennial herb, the stem
retrorse-pubescent. Leaves opposite: blades pinnatifid. Flowers in terminal
racemes, the pedicels sleet in fruit, as bracts entire. Bractlets none. Calyx-
s 5, uniform. Corolla tubular, orange, fleshy, semi-persistent: o jdn
than the tube, the 2 posterior erect, the 3 anterior spreading. Stamens 4, equa
anthers conspicuously exserted on the elon-
PM the sacs parallel. Stig
linear- r-elav Capsule ovoid, pubescent
locu idal. pe angular-lunate, retieulate,
qon Species.
M. flammea (Bartr.) Pennell. Stem 15-
dm. tall obtusely 4-angled: leaf-blades
e ecd to da in outline, the larger
long, with 5-7 i
lobes: “pedicel 10-20 mm
x: calyx-lobes at anth
nae Pind E
corolla 20-2 long, rust ; ;
without, glabrous within pua Jobes "tuse filaments lanose: eapsule his y
ovoid, 15-18 long: seeds long, thick-winge [ ple
d. [M.
(Nutt.) Benth. B Le Contei Torr. ]—Bordess of wet sandy ene Coast
Plain, N Fla. to E La. and Ga.—Sum
30. DASISTOMA Raf. Tall annual herbs, the stem retrorse-pubescent.
Leaves opposite: blades bipinnatifid-lobed. Flowers BOUM to foliaceous nar-
row entire bracts, spicate. Bractlets none.
Calyx-lobes 5, about as iene as the tube
ME slightly shorter than the tube. Sta-
ments 4, didynamous, included; anther-saes
sli Srl divarieate, glabrous. Stigmas 2,
semi-capitate. Capsule globose-ovoid, loculi-
eidal. Seeds winged.—One species.
1. D. macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. Stem
15-20 dm. tall, obtusely 4-angled, much-
branched: leaf- blades ovate to ovate-laneeo-
RHINANTHACEAE | 1213
late, the larger 10-30 cm. long, with 7—12 pairs i» lateral lobes: calyx-lobes
triangular- “ovate, ultimately longer than the tube: corolla 15-16 mm. long,
externally glabrous; lobes ovate-reniform, about 7 m mm. long: capsule 9-10 mm.
ong, glabrous, black: SAM 2 mm. long , short- -winged. [Seymeria M uL ie
Nutt. Brachygyne macrophylla (Nutt. ) Am ( MULLEN-FOXGLO VE.)—Moist
woodlands, d eg Valley a ore N & W provinees, Ga. to NE Tex.,
Nebr., and Ohio.—Sum.—A root- Pa ite.
31. AFZELIA J. F. Gmel. Relatively low annual herbs, the stem mor
or less glandular-pubescent. Som opposite P: pinnatifid or bipinnatifd.
t, gla 0
lobes longer than the tube, ie 2 posterior partly united. Stamens 4, nearly
equal, slightly exserted: anther-saes parallel, glabrous or nearly so, dehiscing
y short apical slits. Stigma punctiform or capitate. Capsule ovoid or urceo-
late. Seeds numerous, winged or wingless.—About 22 species, North American,
mostly Mexican.
Capsule ovoid, brown-tomentose: seeds winged: corolla deep-yellow, externally
pubes oe leaf- segments lanceolate or wider: stem viscid-
pubesce 1. A. pectinata.
Capsule oO acuminate, glabrous: seeds wingless: corolla
od oa externally glabrous: leaf-segments filiform : stem
Sparsely pubescent, obscurely glandular. 2. A. cassioides.
l. A. pectinata (Pursh) Kunt Stem 2-6 dm. tal, widely and stiffly
branched, retrorsely pubese ent (with ascending hairs and glandular-pubescent
capsules, in A. pectinata peninsularis of S
Fla.) : leaf- Sm c: nn the
longer ones 1.5-3 c ong, with 3 or 4 pairs
of lateral B. p glandular -pubes-
cent; lobes 3-4.5 ong, lanceolate:
corolla 10 mm. long ; ; obes ovate: filaments
deni at the apex: capsule 5-7 bes long,
unded or aeute: seeds with 3 or 4 M Lm
o Mis
S. C.—
2. A. rr (Walt. F
5-10 dm. tall, virgately branched, sparsely
pubese with ascending in e a
leaf-blades pinnatifid, the larger ones 1-1.
5
em. long, with 4-7 pairs pd lateral segments: :
ealyx gla RAUM or nearly so: lobes 2-2.5 mm. long, ee Maius 9 mm. long;
lobes lanceolate: filaments ibus. eapsule 4—4.5 mm. long, aeumin ate: seeds
furrowed. [Seymeria ee aes -J—Pinelands, Coastal Plain a nd adj.
provinces, C pen. Fla. to , Tenn., . €.—(W. I.) —Fal
32. AUREOLARIA. Raf. Perennial or annual herbs parasitic on the
roots of oaks, the stem simple or branched. Leaves opposite: blades narrow
or broad, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Flowers axillary to more or less
foliaceous bracts, in spikes or racemes. Bractlets none. Calyx-lobes 5, uniform
or nearly so, longer than the tube. Corolla yellow, the ni nearly cam-
dm somewhat inflated anteriorly; lobes spreading. Stamens 4, didyna-
: filaments flattened, lanose: anthers lanose on the N DN surfaces. the
1214 RHINANTHACEAE
sacs parallel. Stigma slightly longate or semi-eapitate. Capsule eylindrie-
ellipsoi globose-ovoid, acute to acuminate, loculicidal. Seeds i ecd
tetrahedral, retieulate, RAM or winged. [Dasystoma Benth. not Raf.]—
About 11 species, in eastern North America.—YELLOW-FOXGLOVES. ae
GLOVES.
Seeds wingless: capsule glandular-pubescent: corolla exter n BOR. -pubescent :
ealyx-lobes toothed or ce. a blades bipinnatifid,
or less pectinately cut: plan I. PANCTENIS.
pu winged : capsule aie ao lla externally glabrous:
lyx-lobes entire: leaf-blades entire to coarsely bipinnatifid:
nie ant perennial, II. EUAUREOLARIA.,
PANCTENIS
Calyx-tube turbinate, glandular- -puber rulent: capsule ne
half enclosed in the calyx-tube: pedicels 1-3 cm. long: leaf-
blades with mostly rounded teeth. 1. A. pedicularia.
Calyx-tube hemispherie, glandular- -hirsute or -lanose: capsule
Me only the base enclosed in the calyx- Mes cules 0.4-2
. long: leaf-blades with acute or acutis 2. A. pectinata.
II. EUAUREOLARIA
Capsule pubescent: pedicels 1.5-3 mm. long: stem pubescent or
puberulent, at least above
Stem pubescent or puber erulent pou leaf-blades perma-
nently pubescent: capsule 12-15 mm. long. 3. A. virginica.
Stem glabrous oo w: leaf-blades Becoming glabrous: capsule
mm. lon 4, A. microcarpa.
Capsule glabrous: pedicels 3-25 mm. long: stem glabrous or
minutely puberulent.
Leaf-blades Ene to pic EE widest below the
middle, long-acuminate: co a 30-35 mm. long: capsule
mm. long. 5. A. laevigata.
Leaf-blades elliptic-ovate in outline, pe e the mid-
e, less s e: corolla 35- 60 mm. long: eapsule
m
Stem See glaucous: pedicels and calyx externally
glabro 6. A. flava.
Sem puberule nt, not glaucous: pedicels and calyx ex-
er mA puberulent.
Pedicels 10 long: ealyx-lobes 5-7 mm. long,
Eu unc conto P COLO 4 40-50 mm. long. 7. A. dispersa.
d 10—25 os . long: calyx- iud 10—12 mm. long,
near: coroll a 35-45 mm. lon 8. A. patula.
1, A. pedicularia (L.) Raf. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, glandular-hirsute below, but
mer db or AN Ern SP alee above (glandular- pubescent M ee ealyx- lobes
10—16 ong, and capsule broadly el-
lipsoid, i P pedicularia austromontana,
Blue d Ga. to Va.) : leaf-blades lanceo-
late to ovate-laneeolate, deeply bipinnatifid
75 to the d (le ss deeply eut and
rather copio Ts glandular, but stem and
pedicels less glandular or nearly glabrous, in
A. pedi cularia carolimensis, Piedmont and
Coastal Plain, N. C.), the larger 3- 6 em
ua i is 8 Lh of lateral pus A only
ong, stem less and
o ame than braets, in Pi d en
caesariensis, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, N
C. to E: ass.
ro
lobes pb pie capsule
mm. long. [D. d cie -; Benth ]— Sandy and mae eed. various
provinces, Va. to Ont d Me.; er in N. C.—Sum.—Represented
in our range by the enun as Padieated abov
RHINANTHACEAE 1215
A. pectinata (Nutt.) Pennell. Stem 4-11 dm. tall, E -hirsute, dif-
fusely branched (virgately branched, with the small upper le eaves appre essed to
the branches, - uw pedicels and large eorollas 38—45 mm. long, in 4. pectinata
floridana, Coastal Plain, C Fla. and S Ga.) : leaf-b c Tu to lanceolate-
ovate, deeply bipinnatiüd, gi nd es the larger 2—4 em. long Carger
3—6 'em. long, with the eapsule 13-16 mm. long on rM: 8—16 E. long, i
A. pectinata eur e various provinces, Ga. to Ala., Tenn.,
pedicels 4—11 mm. long: calyx ipe i (merely gla andular- prend and
with pedicels 10— 20 mm. long i ind a transcedens, sandhills, ges
Plain, Ga. to N. C.); lobes $15 m ie gine eut: corolla 30-
.long. [D. pecti
San ndy oak woods, pb Plain, NW Fla. to La., Tenn., and N. C.; also adj
provinces, Ala. to C. Tenn.—Sum.—The stem is pubescent or puberulent.
3. A. virginica (L.) Pennell. Stem 8-12 dm. tall: leaf-blades lanceolate-ovate,
rather gta sinuate with 2—4 ir nes lobes, downy on pn ‘sides, the longer
9—15 em. long: pedicels 1-3 mm. long: calyx-lobes 4—12 mm. lor ong, lanceolate
to ae corolla 30-45 mm. ie lobes 6—12 mm. long, ovate- bi lar: eapsule
12-15 mm. long, ovoid to globose-ovoid. : pubescens. mee th. Gerardia ign
(Chapm. F1.)]—Open, usually sandy oak woods, va oe N Fla.
La., Mich., and N. H.—Spr.-sum.—The stem is pabe leas above
4. A. microcarpa Pennell. Stem 6-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades ee ek,
rather coarsely sinuate-lobed, puberulent on both sides, the larger 6-11
long: pedicels 1-3 mm. long: ca ded obes 3.5-7 mm. long, lanceolate to ae
ovate: corolla 30-40 | mm. long; lobes 5—10 mm. ene ovate-orbieular: capsule
9-12 mm. long, ovoid to globose- Es —Dry oak woods, Appalachian PEE
and rarely Coastal Plain, N Fla. to E Tenn.—Sum
5. A. laevigata Raf. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, glabrous, green: leaf-blades laneeo-
late to ovate-lanceolate, entire or the lower ones somewhat P piss
glabrous or nearly so, the larger 5— 12 em. long: pedicels 1-4 mm. long,
fruit 3-8 mm. long: calyx glabrous; tube 3-5 mm. long; lobes 4-6 mm. pres
laneeolate: ien 30-35 mm. long; lobes 9-11 mm. long, depressed-orbicular:
capsule 10-12 mm. long, o oid. [D. laevigata (Raf.) Chapm.]—Rocky woods,
ee Ridge and Appalachian provinces, Ga. to Ky., Ohio, and Pa.; rarely Pied-
, N. C. and Va.—Sum
A. flava (L.) Farwell. Stem 15-25 dm. tall, glabrous, glaucous: leaf-
blades ovate dins. "to ovate, rather deeply and coarsely lobed or incised
(shallowly lobed in A. flava reticulata, Coastal Plain, C Fla. to Md.), glabrate
"i D the E 10-14 e m. long, with 5-7 pairs of lateral her pedicels
* ^ni ng (5
n. long: calyx dada tube 4—7 mm. lon ps om ong (5-14
mm. . long, coroll 35-60 mm. long, and capsule . lon n A. flava
macrantha, various provinces, x to Ark., Il., eA oe Ti lanceclate: corolla
25-40 mm. eee lobes 11-13 mm. long, depressed- -orbicular: capsule 12-16 mm.
long, ovoid. [2D. ea (Pursh) Benth. Gerardia virginica n not L.]
—Rocky and sandy oak 1 Piedmont, and more northern e Ala.
to Mich. and Me.—Sum.-fal
7. A. dispersa (Small) Pennell. Stem 10-12 dm. tall, sparsely puberulent:
leaf- blades lanceolate-ovate to ovate, nearly entire or rather deeply ids coarsely
lobed, finely puberulent, the larger o a a UN with 1—4 pairs of lateral
lobes: pedicels 4-10 mm. long: calyx- 2 5-7 mm. long, triangular DS
corolla 40-50 mm. long; lobes 10-13 ae de epressed orbicular: capsule
14-18 mm. long, ovoid. [D. dispersa Small J— Sandy oak-woods, Coastal Plain,
Ala. to La.—Sum
1216 RHINANTHACEAE
. A. patula (Chapm.) vices is 10-12 dm. tall, i und a Mn
erase ovate-lanceolate to rowly ovate, pe coarsely lobed o
incised, puberulent or glabrate, “the larger 13-16 e ra with 4—8 pairs of
lateral lobes: pedicels 10—16 mr long, or in it 15- 25 mm. long: calyx-lobes
10—12 long; inear Lodi die nds mm. E lobes 7—10 mm. long, depressed-
orbieular: capsule 13-1 . long, o [D. patula Cha pur al ooded river
bluffs, Appalachian Valley. d nu p Plateaus, Ga. to Tenn Mr —fall.
33. AGALINIS Raf. Annual or perennial root-parasitie herbs, the stem
usually branched. Leaves usually opposite, often with leaf-clusters in their
axils: blades linear or filiform, or rarely subulate or broadened upward,
entire, sessile. Flowers in racemes, axillary to foliaceous bracts. Calyx-lobes
5, uniform, shorter than the tube. Corolla rose- a or pink- d ple, more or
less purple-spotted and usually with 2 yellow lines on the anterior side: thr
eampanulate or horizontally flattened, somewhat un NA lobes mu n
shorter than the tube, about equal in length, spreading or the posterior arched
or flattened. Stamens 4, eique. ineluded: filaments more or less lanose:
anthers lanose. den élongate. Capsule globose to globose-ellipsoid, muero-
nate, loouliei dal. Seeds numerous, Pei also. wingless. [Gerardia L. in part.]
—About 50 species, American.—FALSE-FOXGLOVES. GERARDIAS. FALSE PURPLE-
FOXGLOVES
Plant annual: pedicels ascending or spreading: corolla membranous, rose-purple or
lavender-purple, or o SR a always with spots and yellow lines
within: parasitic on
Corolla T the DO erio lobes. pet pubescent within at their
alyx stro
bas
no ngly reticulate-veined: seeds dark-brown: plant tending
to blaeken in drying. I. PURPUREAE.
Calyx-tube docete reticulate-veined : seeds yellowish-
- brown: plant not tending to blacken in drying. II. ERECTAE.
oer with the posterior lobes arched or n che over
ns and style, glabrous within at their bas III. TENUIFOLIAE.
Plant NIB an elongate i age ‘pedicels grec: corolla pink,
slightly fleshy, spotted, but without yellow lines in the
throat: parasitic on pine Posts. IV. LINIFOLIAE.
PURPUREAE
Leaf-blades all linear or filiform, "A obviously dimorphic.
Racemes Hep dA the pedicels less than 12 mm. long.
Leaf- es and calyx-lobes acute to acuminate: anther-
ca ES mucronate to caudate at the base: plant not
y.
Corolla purple, the two yellow lines and dark spots
. within evident: plant dull-green or purplish.
Stem smooth or minutely A E leaves with-
out axillary E or these small and
ves.
Fruiting pedicels 3-6 long: the areas
etween the reticulations of the seed
relatively pale.
Plant relatively stifly branched: stem
sparingly seabrellous: calyx- lobes tri-
angular-lanceolate A in A E ag
corolla mm,- 1. A. purpurea.
po virgately Branched : stem h:
d subulate or nearly so: corolla
D on lon 2. A. virgata.
Fruiting “pediceis 1. 5-3 mm long: the areas
between the reticulations of the seed
Bl blac
Corolla 20-25 ‘mm. long: stigmas 2-3 mm. .
long: stem usually much e dc 3. A. pinetorum.
d S mm. long: stigmas 1-1.5 mm. .
m simple or slightly bra hed: 4. A. Harperi.
Stem Ho. or T scabrous: leaves with uy .
conspicuously developed axillary fascicles 5. A. fasciculata.
RHINANTHACEAE
Corolla lavender-pink, destitute of spots and yellow
lines: plant bright-green
Leaf-blades and calyx-lobes obtuse or acutish: anther-sacs
obtuse or acutish at the base: plant fleshy.
Racemes short, much broken Bd end or if somewhat elongate
Stem scabrous: corolla pubescent within in
line below the posterior sinus: Bero densely lanose
with pink hairs on the sides.
Stem smooth or nearly so: corolla pubescent within over
the entire width of the basal DE of the pos-
terior ee anthers glabrous uch of the
dorsal s
Cauline eae alternate: blades broadened distally
Slightly fleshy: axillary leaf-fascicles abundantly
Cauline leaves opposite: blades neither broadened dis-
tally nor fleshy: axillary leaf-fascicles scarcely
or ot. 2s developed.
Branches very widely and laxly ascending: fruit-
ing pedicels 25—50 mm. long, 4—5 erg as long
as the bracts: corolla 15—18 mm.
nanc us closely and a ascending : fruit-
g pe
g icels 1l than tw s long as the
Leaf-blades 2—3.b5 long, equalling or
eeding the internodes, pens SORDEOUS
o smooth on Ro pper surface.
Pedicels 15-40 "lo ong, doneon than the
raets : corolla 17-25 mm. long: cap-
sule 3-4 m lon
Racemes Sonic hat developed So that
nal: pedicels 15-40 m long: corolla
5 mm. d leaf-blades narrowly
i
Racemes scarcely evident, most flowers
appearing as if terminal to the
branches: pedicels 15-20 mm. long:
corolla 17-20 mm. long: leaf-blades
filiform-setaceous.
Ua im P (-15) mm. long, shorter than
the or equallin ng them: corolla
A flowers appearing as if terminal to
e branches.
Leaf- blades 0.5—1. 2 cm. long, shorter than the
nternodes, scabrous on the upper sur-
fn. eorolla 15-22 mm.
Pedicels 4-6 mm. long, about equa alling the
bracts: calyx-lobes not becoming callose:
leaf-blades filiform: stem smooth or
S ous.
PE thrice to 1 times the length of
th ets: ealyx-lobes becoming eallose :
leaf blades iene subulate: stem ridged,
minutely hispidulous- roughen ed.
Ee mostly minute, scale-like, appressed, ood near the
se of the stem oval or ovate and SE CREER but frequently
arl y deciduous: pedicels 1—3 m ng.
ERECTAE
BALER Do -developed, and flowers not appearing as if termi-
tigma 1-2 mm. long: leaf-blades linear to nearly
uS
fi liform stem evidently striate-angle
Leaf-blades bara E. nearly filiform, not widening distally,
ish to minate: corolla with yellow lines and
em Spots within S denned: aa globose to
globose-ovoid, somewhat flattened at the base
Corolla 10-15 mm. long: pedicels mostly Ee to thrice
7 cts.
Corolla 15-20 mm. long: pedicels mostly thrice to eight
times the length of the bract
Leaf-blades widening distally, aT to obtuse: pude
with vellow lines and dark spots faint or obsolete:
sule globose-ovoid to ellipsoid, rounded at the base
1217
6. A. georgiana.
eo
n
>
1i.
13.
. A. maritima.
. A. pulchella.
. A. filifolia.
A. lara.
A. setacea.
. A. stenophylla,
A. Plukenetii.
. A. keyensis.
. A. oligophylla.
. Å. aphylla.
17. A. decemloba.
18.
A. tenella.
. A. erecta.
1218 RHINANTHACEAE
Racemes scarcely developed, many d appearing as if termi-
nal to the branches: stigma 2—3 mm. long: leaf-blades nar-
rowly linear: ccm d early terete. 20. A. Gattingeri.
III. TENUIFOLIAE
Corolla pubescent externally; its pos sterior lobes eer two-thirds
the length of the anterior, concave- -arched: pedicels, if ex-
ceeding the bracts, less than twice their leng 21. A. tenuifolia.
Corolla glabrous externally, its posterior lobes less than half
the length of the anterior, flatten ed: pedicels at least
thrice the length of the bracts.
Ls Ss ° aliform, 1.5-2 em. long: stem evenly and stiffly
nched: racemes well "deve loped, El ‘flowers a.
a y if terminal: pedicels 15-32 mm. long: corolla
15-18 mm. long. 22. A. divaricata.
Leaf-blades minute, triangular- -subulate, 0. TURA : em. long:
stem sparingly very laxly branched : es scarcely
developed, the flowers scattered and gud appearing as
E E rwn 1 to De branches: pedicels 5-10 mm. long:
lla 10-13 mm. long. 23. A. filicaulis.
IV. LINIFOLIAE
Plant with a virgate, little branehed stem, corollas 30-40 mm.
long. 24, A. linifolia.
A. purpurea (L.) Pennell. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, striate-angled, ded
scabrellou o branched: leaf-blades 2.5—4 cm. long, linear, seabrous above
racemes d 6—14-flowered: pedicels 2-5
lon eee es Ee psi -lanceolate
m. lon uch shorter
and Mass
2. A. gata Raf. Stem 3-10 dm. tall,
striate- raced, glabrous, eins branched:
leaf-blades 1.5-4 em. long, n y B linear
] us abov mes
to ost filiform, scabrous ab
elongate, 8—26-flowered edieels 2— P
long: ealyx-lobes triangular-subulate to sub ; 9:5 2 mm. long: corolla 20-25
mm. long, purple; lobes E the pos meme "pubescent at the base: Pos sule
4.5-5 mm. long, globose.—Moist pinebarrens, Coastal Plain, ©. C. SE
N. Y.—Fall.
3. A. pinetorum Pennell. Stem 6- 8 dm. tall, slightly poses anna eds
much branched: leaf-blades 22.5 em. long, rrowly 1 (a slender
plant, A. pinetorum delicatula, with filiform curled leaf-blades, t es 5-2
d unspot orolla, occu the pinehills of a e-
what scabrous above: racemes slightly elongate, 8—14-flowered: p ls 1-3 mm
long: calyx-lobes triangu r-subulate, 1-1 ng, shorter than the ins
ong: ca. lon h :
corolla 20-25 mm. long, purple; lobes spreading, t the posterior ones pubescent
mm. long, globose.—Moist pinelands, Coastal Plain,
l
N Fla. to La. and Ga.—
4. A. Harperi Pennell. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, striate- angled, Aun ud us
simple or slightly branched: leaf-blades m 3.5 em. E narrowly ! sca-
brous above: racemes elongate, 8—20-flow red: pem s 1-2 mm. TN pres
lobes a cus to triangular- idt. OT 1.5 mm. long, shorter
than t bud corolla E mm. uc pink; lobes To the ien
lobes pubescent at the base: capsule 4—5 e long, gio a —Moist pinelands
and marsh-borders, Consul Plain, 3i Fla. to Ga—(W. I.)—Fall or all year S.
RHINANTHACEAE 1219
5. A. pied (Ell.) Raf. Stem 6-12 dm. m striate- era p anl
scabrous, ranched: leaf-blades 1.5-4 em. loi ng, linear, seabrous abov
(or wi ith the ie only slightly Or moderately developed on a arene ee
with mer dei seabrellous stems in 4. fas ata par of the Everglades,
c mes elongate, 12-30 Bd LE en els e . long: ealyx x-lobes
mr E to subulate, 0.5—2 m ong, m Wwe rter than the tube
corolla mostly 25— z mm. long; bos Pe ue p lobes Sese.
e base: capsule 5-6 n long, ovoid-globose.—Sandy soil, near d
and 3 in cult. fields ond ants Coa ua Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.; also
adj. provinces, Okla. to Mo.— (W. I.)—Sum. -fall, or all us S.
6. A. georgiana (Boynton) Pennell. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, Las -angled, nearly
or quite glabrous, simple or branched: leaf-blades 1-1.5 em. long, linear, some-
what seabrous above: 1 racemes elongate, a - flowered : pedice els 1-4 mm. long:
calyx-lobes Rinne jean eg eolate, 0.5-1 m ong: corolla 15-18 mm. (id lobes
spreading, the posterior arenas at m bue capsule 3.5-5 mm. long, ovoid-
globose.—Dry ij. Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Fall.
A. maritima Raf. Stem 0. E dm. tall, inl terete, glabrous, e bushy-
ie leaf- ndn 1. - em. long, bro adl y linear, somewhat seabrous above:
racemes e —10-flov ered: Ee eee 2-10 mm. long: ealyx- lobes triangular,
0.5-1.5 long, presto a than the tube: corolla 12-17 mm. long, pink
purple; des spreading, somewhat pubescent below and adjacent to the posterior
si sule 5-6 mm. long, globose to globose-ovoid. [G. maritima Raf f.]—
Saltmarshes, Va. to Me.—The species is represented in our range by A. mari-
tima grandiflora (Benth.) Pennell (G. spicifora Eugelm.), larger plant. up 2
6 dm. tall, with leaves 2-4 em. long and corolla 15-20 mm. long, ranging i
salt marshes from S Fla. to Tex. and N. C(I W. I., Mex
8. A. pulchella Pennell. Stem 6-10 dm. tall, pod ed patie mu
li
branched: leaf-blades 2-3 em. long, ese ine ery seabro abo ove
racemes slightly elongate, 4— "d flowered : Pus s 15- 30 m d iene 2 eun
n fruit: ealyx-lobes subulat , 0.1-0.5 m d eorolla 25— 30 mm. long; lobes
D. SEDES 5-6 mm. ae Med —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, N Fla.
to La. and Ga.—Fall.
filifolia (Nutt.) es Stem 3-8 dm. tall terete, glabrous, much
branched: leaf-blades 1-2 long, narrowly linear to filiform, slightly sea-
a bove: racemes slightly elongate, 3—12-flowered: pedicels 10-30 mm. long
in n fruit near > twice this length: calyx-lobes dus stbalte, 0 o—-l1 mm. long:
corolla 22—28 m ong, purple; lobes spreading: capsu mm. long, ovoid-
EISE [G. filifolia Nutt. ]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, S Fla. to Ga.—Fall.
10. A. laxa Pennell. Stem ae a Ko ed terete, glabrous, widely and
n branehed: leaf-blades 2-3 em. long, n wly lin near to neat diy
early or quite Bos above e: racemes slightly elongate 3—8-flowered
pedicels A . long, in fruit -~ pes. as long: calyx- lobes Sue
om es Foe 15- -18 m ong; lobes spre i capsule 4—5 a
pu ovoid: ‘globose. —River handhills and old dunes, Coastal Plain, C Fla.
S. C.—Fal
A. setacea (Walt.) Raf. Stem 3-7 dm. Par somewhat striate-angled,
gl abrous, e branched: leaf- boe .0—9.0 m m. long, narrowly linear to fili-
form, seabrellous to nearly glabrous above: racemes slightly elongate, 6—10-
i e dios els 15—40 mm. ae calyx-lobes E 0.2-0.5 mm.
long: corolla mostly 18-25 mm. long; lobes spreading: ule 3-4 mm. long,
E s [G. Holmiana CO m —Dry pi xc ‘Coastal Plain
rely adj. provinces, Ga. to SE N. Y.—Sum fa 1l.
1220 RHINANTHACEAE
12. A. stenophylla Pennell. Stem 6-7 dm. tall, slightly striate-angled, gla-
brous, much-bran ies EA blades 2-3 cm. long, s -setaceous, nearly or
quite glabrous: rae scarcely elongate, 1-6-flowered: pedicels 8-12 mm
long or in fruit n eds c. i eue _calyaiobes porate -subulate, 0.1—
0.3 mm. long: € corolla 17—20 m ong, not seen fresh; lobes spreading; cap-
sule 3—4 mm. long, globose- 08d Er UM C Fla.—Fall.
13. A. Plukenetii (Ell) Raf. Stem 5-8 dm. hr id Bit vd or
lon
nearly so, much-branched: leaf-blades 2-3.5 c ng, ous-filiform
brellous above: racemes scarcely developed 1-6 flowered: edicels mostly 510
long: ealyx-lobes triangular-subulate to subulate, 0.3—0 l corolla
mostly 25-30 mm. long, parpi e; lobes spreading: caps ule 4—5 mm. long, go
bose. [G. Plukenetit EM.]—Dry wo Coastal oo N Fla. to E Miss
and Ga.; also adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala. and SE Ten — Fall.
14. A. keyensis Pennell. Stem at least 7 dm. tall, slightly ped rue.
0.
glabrous or nearly so, much ong leaf-blades (lowest not seen) 0.8-1
em. long, filiform, seabrous above mes searcely developed, only 1-4
ered: pedieels in flower 3—4 mm H n fr lo can caos
: gre i uit 4-6 mm.
triangular-subulate, 0.4-0:6 mm. long: corolla 18-20 mm. long, not seen fresh 3
lobes eading: capsule 3-3.5 mm. long, globose.—Pinelands, Big Pin
Key, Fla
15. A. oligophylla Pennell. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, striate-angled, e
simple or branched: leaf-blades 0.5-1 cm. long, linear-filiform to subul
yas above: ded s scarcely developed: peel in flower 5-15 mm. s
(2-8 mm. long and e lobes very eallose, 0.2 mm. long, in 4. oligophylla
pseudaphylla of long- a unir of S Miss.), in E os seen: ealyx-lobes
angular-subulate, 0.4—0.6 mm. long; corolla 15-22 . long; lobes spread-
= ape not seen. [G. microphylla (A. Gray) Small, not A. du cS
Raf.]—Long-leaf pineland, Coastal Plain, S La. to E Tex —Doubtfully E of
the Mississippi River, except in above subspecies.
16. A. aphylla (Nutt.) Raf. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, striate-ridged e minutely
hispidulous, or sometimes terete and hirsute at the base, simple r branched:
icd appressed, 0.1-0.3 (-0.6) mm. long, triangular- re "glabrous
above; those near the base with oval more a bangs he blades cem
Pune: ed 8-20-flowered: pedicels 1- 3m ong: calyx- zones E
tips 0.05-0.2 mm. long; eorolla 15-20 mm. ac pink; n spreading, the
posterior ones puce at the s capsule ae . long, globose.—Moist
e" Coastal Plain, N Fla. to La. and N. C.—Fall.
A. decemloba (Greene) Pennell. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, striate- dune ga
i simple or d branched: leaf-blades mostly '2-9.5 e ong, fil
form-linear, seabrous above: racemes ers elongate, Wu etes El:
eels in flower 5-15 mm ica ng, in fruit 12-25 mm. long: calyx-lobes minute,
0.05-0.2 (—0.3) mm . long: -o 10- 15 mm. dedo pink; lobes spreading, the
posterior pubescent at the base: capsule 3.5—4 mm. long, giobose-ovoid. [G.
decemloba ea ei et ule soil, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and ea
Valley, Ala. to Pa.—
18. A. tenella Soe ll. Stem 5-8 dm. tall, striate-angled, glabrous, branched:
minute, 0.05-0.2 mm. long; corolla 15-20 m fo lone pink; lobes iique d the
posterior ones pubescent at the i capsule 3—4 mm. lon n E” obose-ovoid.—
"a pinelands, Coastal Plain, N Fla. to E Ala. and S. C.—
A. erecta (Walt.) Pennell. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, striate-angled, nearly gla-
a simple or branched: leaf-blades mostly 1-1. 5 em. lon ng, linear-euneate,
OC MEER CP TOI -—-——uex cV"
RHINANTHACEAE 1221
uu above: racemes slightly elongate, 6— I lowered: pedicels 3-25 mm.
long: calyx-lobes minute, a Dae , 0.05-0.15 mm. long: corolla 12-16 mm. long;
o spreading, the posterior nes pubescent at the ie capsule 3-4 mm.
ong, globose-ovoid to globose- elli ipe Le. C (Benth.) Chapm.]—
Pus Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Del
eri Small. Stem ts dm. Er nearly terete, nearly glabrous,
much- bunt leaf- E 2-3 em. lon ng, narrowly linear, seabr ea above:
- i
fruit 8-30 mm. long; calyx eb triangular Lac s0; ps L T m, Tong much
wa ea i the o dea 12—1 long, nu lobes sprea ading, the
posterior ones pubescent at the base: ca ae a 4—5 mm. long, globose to pion.
ovoid. [G. Gat B Small]—Open woods, in sterile soil, barrens, and er
Appalachian b a ey and more N and W provinees, Ala. to Tex., Minn., and
Ont.—Sum.—fal
21. A. tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. Stem 1-8 dm. tall, striate-angled, nearly gla-
brous, much branched: leaf-blades 2—5 cm. long, narro vly linear (linear-filiform
t filiform and coro 9 mm. long, in A. tenuifolia polyphylla of the granite
regions of Ga.; widely linear and 3-7 long, calyx-lobes ong, a
capsules 5-7 , in A. tenuifolia macrophylla of the Miss Valley),
abrous a acemes much elongate, 4-flowered: p in flower 7-20
m ong, in fruit 12-27 long: ealyx-lobes triangular-subulate to subulate,
0.2—1 ong: e 10-15 mm. long (15-23 ong and caps
long, in A. tenuifolia leucanthera of the Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Tex. and G );
he
purple, the B lobes concave-arched, glabrous: capsule 3-4 (—7) mm. long,
globose. [G. t oid Br T various provinees, Ga. to La.,
Mo., Mich., and Me.
22. A. divaricata (Chapm.) Pennell. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, striate-angled, gla-
brous, much-branched: leaf-blades 1.5-2 em. long, filiform ; di abrellous abo
racemes M LAT 6—12-flowered: S odieel s 15-32 mm. long: calyx-lobes subulate,
0.1—0.3 ong, much Bm rter than the tube: corolla 15- is mm. long, the
posterior lobes Qu -projecting op Seti at the base: capsule 3-4 m
long, globose to ovoid- EAE not seen mature. [G. divaricata Chapm. ip.
— NW Fla. and SE Ala —Fall.
A. filicaulis (Benth.) Pennell. Stem 1-5 dm. pen e n striate, gla-
Pu with a few lax branches: b blades 0.1-0.2 em. long, triangular-subu-
ab
late, appressed, raum OV emes not develoged. the oo nearly
always solitary: pedicels in ee 5-8 mm. long, in fruit 6— long:
calyx-lobes triangular-subulate, 0.1-0.3 mm. long: corolla 10—13 a . dong the
p lobes flattened-projecting and bor at the base: capsule about 3
long, globose. [G. filicaulis prd —Moist grassy Duende Coastal
Plain, N Fla. to E La. and Ga.—Fal
24. A. linifolia (Nutt.) I. Stem 8—15 dm. tall, fae glabrous, simple
or virgately branched: leaf-blades 3—5 em long, linear, glabrous: racemes
elongate, 8—20- a ered: pedicels 5-25 mm. lon ng: calyx- Toe minute, subulate:
eorolla 30—40 m Enid lobes spreading, lanose on the basal ap of t
posterior: eapsu e 6-7 mm. long, dd: to globose-ovoid. ES inifolia Nutt
—Wet pin a. " Coastal Plain, S Fla. to La. and Del.—Sum.—
34. TOMANTHERA Raf. Annual root- e herbs, the stems E.
or branched, pubescent. Leaves opposite, cauline: blades entire, lobed at the
ase, or pinnately parted, MCN Flowers in spies with foliaceous CR
Calyx-lobes 5, unequal, longer than the tube. Corolla purple: throat campanu-
late, somewhat inflated anteriorly: lobes much shorter than the tube, the 2
1222 | RHINANTHACEAE
posterior arehed, the 3 anierior spreading.
Stamens 4, didynamous, included: anthers
anose. tigma elongate. short,
glabrous, loculicidal. Seeds merous, re
ticulate, wingless. [Otop p Benth. |—
Two species, eastern North American.
1. T. auriculata (Michx.) Raf. Stem 1.5-8
dm. Mn 4-angled, hispid: leaf-blades 2.5-
9.0 em. long, lanceolate to Cd -ovate,
rough- pubescent ab ealyx-tube 5-8 mm.
a ng, retrorse- pubescent lobes 9-19 mm.
o lanceolate; corolla 20-23 mm.
ong,
long, Nn ls e: escent ; the throat spot-
ted with deep-pu pud anterio rly: eapsule
aus ovoid, 10-13 mm. long, mucronate. [O. Michauzii Benth. O. auricu-
js | tie) Eu d and old fields, various provinces; introduced,
o Tenn. and Pa.; native from Ill. to Tex., Kans., and Mi nn.—Sum
35. vire pea: L. Perennial mostly pubescent herbs with short root-
stocks, the imple. Leaves opposite, the lower sessile or nearly s , the
€ bees red all rough-pubescent. Flowers in a slender s
spike, each axillary to a braet and with 2 narrower bractlets. Calyx-lobes 5,
short. Corolla violet or white, salverform: tube very slender, pubescent: lobes
nearly uniform. Stamens 4, ee d, one ein anthers l-eelled.
Stigma linear-eylindrie. Capsule ovoid, included, loculicidal. Seeds numerous,
reticulate, wingless.—A bout m species, in warm regions.—BLUEHEARTS
Leaf-blades obscurely, if at all, 3-veined, repand-dentate or entire: capsule usually
about 5 mm. long: stem finely rough- D or nearly glabrous.
Corolla-tube uri twice as long as the calyx: calyx-l obes triangular-acute, the
anterior sinus only slightly " deeper than the "inim bracts 1.5-3 mm. long.
Blades of the lower leaves lanceola te to linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate ;
corolla-lobes ante ally 6-9 m ng. ongata.
BO f t ower a m elliptic- -anceolate, obtuse:
a-lobes fo -5 mm. long. 2
. B. floridana.
Corolla- tube Jittle longer than the calyx: calyx-lobes lanceo-
uminate, the cea eae sinus much deeper than the
bracts 3-4 m
Leaf- de dan A ned. "gate: toothed or lacerate: capsule
usually 6-7 mm. long: stem hirsute
3. B. breviflora.
4. B. americana.
. B. elongata Sw. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, sparsely pilose or glabrate: leaf-
do ong:
blades rough- eee the larger ae te to linear-lanceolate, 3-8 cm.
bracts 1.5-3 mm. long, spreading or asce
i i
dA eorolla violet or white; tube
. long; lobes . long, epe
m dM snare: ca a 5 mm. long.—
Prairies and i S Fla.—[W. I.|—
2. B. floridana Gandoger. Stem 3-6 dm.
tall, slightly pilose, or glabrate above:
leaf-blades rough- pubeseent, the larger
P ed lanceolate, 2.5—5.5 em. long: bracts
m. long, spr reading: ealyx-lobes tri-
Seiler: -acute, 0.5-1 mm. long, the anterior
RHINANTHACEAE 1223
sinus the deeper: corolla violet or white; tube 7-8 mm. long; s 3-5 m
long, pied -obovate: capsule ae 5 mm. long.—Pinelands, pore Plain,
pen. Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—Spr.-fal
3. B. breviflora Pennell. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, pilose below: leaf-blades rough-
ccs nt, the larger lanceolate E elliptie, 4 4-8 em. long: braets 3—4 mm. long,
ascen ding- AE dE ealyx-lobes lanceolate- -acuminate, 1-2 mm. long: corolla
violet; tube 6-7 mm. long, Mn ege pilose at the mouth; lobes 2-4 mm.
long, liio icd ee vate, rounded slightly emarginate: capsu ule not seen
— Prairies and End. Coastal Plain, C pen. Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—
B
4. B. americana L. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, most copiously hirsute below: leaf-
blades usd the larger ovate- lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 3-7 em. long:
bracts 2-4 mm. long, ascending or spreading: calyx-lobes acuminate-cuspidate,
mostly 1-1.5 mm. long: corolla violet; tube 9-11 m peas strongly pilose at
the mouth; che 5-8 mm. long, qu eolate, EF emarginate: capsule
usvall y 6— 7m m. long: seeds about 0.5 mm. lon — Sandy or sterile open soil,
often in meadows, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex., Ill, Ont.,
and Pa.—Spr.-early s
36. SCHWALBEA L. Perennial pubescent herbs, the stem simple.
Leaves alternate, all cauline: blades entire, rather broad, 3-veined, sessile.
Flowers in a raceme, each pedicel subtended by 2 bractlets, b Short stalks
axillary to bracts which are shorter than the calyx. Calyx-lobes 5, paces
the posterior one short, narrow, the anterior pair well united, bro rolla
2-lipped: posterior lip nearly entire: anterior lip 3-lobed, the m n 2
slightly pubescent ridges
cluded, didynamous:
E p Sarr
<= aT ea
darils slightly loculicidal. ee
flat, winged——Two species, eastern Nor
American,
1. S. australis Pennell. Rn ud ee tall,
finely pubescent with ascending hairs: leaf-
blades 3-4 em. lon ng, elliptic-oval, “obscurely
reticulate, IN dc. 3-5
lon ng: b ae ets 5-8 mm. long: caly lobes
aeute minate ; postero
one 7-10 m
long; MU e lip 20-22 m m. long: corolla Aout 90 mm. long, m and distally
purplish: S eed -ovoid or ellipsoid, 10—12 mm. long: seeds 2.5 mm. long,
slightly curved.— (CHAFF-SEED. )—San ndy oak woods and pinelands, ‘Coastal Plain,
Fla. to P and S. C.; p adj. provinces, Ala. to E Tenn.—Spr.—
CASTILLEJA Mutis. Annual pubescent herbs, the stem simple or
bran ched. Leaves or the basal ones forming a semi-persistent rosette:
lades entire or pinnately cleft, sessile or nearly so. Flowers spicate. Bracts
foliaceous, pue - broader than the leaves, red or debel towards the
ends. Bra Calyx-lobes 4 (the posterior sepal ng), united
sagitally PA "e zum length, those of each side ues s distally
1224 RHINANTHACEAE
red or yellowish. Corolla 2-lipped, yellow-
o posterior lip long and narrowly "
rched: anterior lip very short, of 3 thick-
a lobes. Stamens included, didynam-
nt
ous: anthers coherent, glabrous. de)
e Capsule i the s equal,
Joevlieidal. Seeds turgid, r Morus wing-
less.—About 200 species, mostly American;
2 or 3 Asiatic.
. C. coccinea (L.) Spreng. Stem 2-6 dm
tall, Wee from a rosette of elliptie to
ova ate, nearly or quite entire leaf-blades
cauline leaves M blades linear- eo
with 1 or 2 pairs of divaricate lobes eee overlapping, ovate, 3-lobed, seal
tally ers or Eun ally yellow: calyx ea mm. long: corolla 18-25 m
pu Bu ule narrowly-ovoid, 11-13 mm. long.—(PAINT un id INDIAN Ens
BRUSH. )—Grassy meadows and n Ww ode Ms di inees, in Coastal Plain
ens northward, Ga. to Ark., Kans., Man., and Me.
38. PEDICULARIS L. Perennial herbs, the stems often gregarious, gla-
brous or pubeseent. Leaves opposite or alternate, all eauline or tufted
basal shoots: blades pinnately lobed, often thickish. lowers closely spieate,
lets none ]
f
2-lipped, yellow or purple: posterior lip arched and decurved: anterior lip 3-
lobed, oe eee. Stamens 4, included, slightly didynamous. Stigma
capita apsule ensiform-lanceolate, the carpels unequal, the posterior loculi-
cidal. ‘Seeds few, flat, wingless.—A bout 350 species, of the Northern Hemisphere,
mainly in the Old World.—LousrEworts. FERNLEAFS.
Stem hirsute: leaves alternate; blades deeply pinnatifid: calyx- ji uo acute,
entire: capsule twice as long as the calyx. canadensis.
Stem glabrous: leaves rude ld blades D pinn
eeding the calyx. 2. P. lanceolata.
1. anadensis L. Stem 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades petioled, elliptie-oval, with
bus a. lobes separated by deep Hic sinuses: flower-rachis lanate: “calyx
— long, hirsute, on each ir
3 mm. long, yellow, or with T6
rolla 18—
Mm lip purple, or dpi Re throughout,
the anterior lip not close to the posterior
ne: eapsule 13-16 mm
inces, N Fla. to Tex., Man., and N. S.—
2. P. lanceolata Michx. Stem 4-8 dm.
tall: leaf- blades sessile or nearly so, a
lanceolate, with short erenulate lobes sepa-
te y sh
ch .
brous or nearly so, on each side pru e.
in a crenate leaf- like tip: corolla 18-283 m
ACANTHACEAE 1225
long, ae the anterior lip appressed to or partly investing v posterior one:
psule mm. long, ob ong.—(SWAMP-
ca 10-12 ng, obliquely p seeds 2.5 mm
LOUSEWORT.)— Wet meadows and swa SUP Ridge and more N provinces,
N. C. to Nebr., Man., and Mass. uin “hal
39. MELAMPYRUM L. Annual herbs, the stem minutely pubescent.
Leaves opposite, all cauline: blades usually entire, thin. Flowers loosely race-
mose, axillary to foliaceous, entire or basally fimbriate bracts. Bractlets none
Calyx-lobes 4 (the posterior sepal lacking), as long as the tube or longer,
nearly equal, the aes and anterior pairs divaricate. Corolla 2-lipped,
mainly white: posterior lip arched and hooded: anterior lip slightly 3-lobed
with a densely puberulent palate. Stamens 4, included, didynamous: fila-
ments glabrous: anthers ee pube
cent, mucronate at base. tigm capitate.
apsule somewhat decurved, ds
unequal, the posterior cavity loculieidal
Seeds 2 in each eavity, plump, smooth, wing-
less.—About 50 species, of the Northern
Hemisphere.
1 lineare Desr. Stem 1-4 dm. tall:
ig pan linear to laneeolate-linear: 2-6
ong: braets VERI oy fimbriate:
long:
a -lobes ova caudate, 2-4 mm
corolla 7—10 . lohg: id osterior lip yellow-
ish-tipped, ciliolate; anterior lip pet 2 D
palate egg-yellow: capsule onsidor rm-o 5-7 mm. long: seeds ovoid, 2-3 mm.
long, mostly brown. [M. Wb - (Chapm. Fl. ) ]-— (Cow wntsaT )—Open
woods, old fields, and pastures, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, N. C. to N.
Y.—M. latifolium Muh md haps pg spec TETTE distinct, p larger leaf-
blades varying from to linear- E shortly fimbr iate or entire
bracts, a broader Mer p seeds 3-4 mm. long, ranges, in the Blue Ridge.
and adj. provinees, from Ga. to Wis., Que., an nd N.S.
FawiLY 15. ACANTHACEAE — ACANTHUS FAMILY
rbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled: blades
simple. owers perfect, irregular. Calyx of usually 5 partly united
sepals. Corolla of 5 partly united petals, 2-lipped or sometimes essen-
tially regular. droecium of 4 didynamous, or of 2 equal stamens, one
pair being abortive or apr: Gynoecium of 2 united carpels. Ovary
c mon each cavity. it a capsule, often with
a stipe-like base, the valves opening elastically —About 175 genera and
2,000 species, widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions.
Vines: seeds globula 1. THUNBERGIA.
Erect D. diffuse Herbs: seeds flat
Leaves normal only at the en of the stem, those on the
a reduced to firm sheathing imbricate scales and pass-
i j 2. TUBIFLORA.
Corolla convolute in the , bud.
Corolla conspicuously PDD capsule terete, not
constricted at the bas
Corale bru! if at all ^5-lipped : capsule constricted
nto a stipe-like base.
3. HYGROPHILA.,
1226 ACANTHACEAE
e „mucronate or aristulate at the base:
corolla with a short tube and a campanulate
throa 4. DYSCHORISTE.
Anther-sacs rounded at the base: corolla with a
A tube and a funnelform or campanulate
5. RUELLIA.
Corolla imbricated in the bud.
Reus : anthers 1-celled. 6. GERARDIA.
nod $ anthers 2-celled.
"Antec saes parallel, closely contiguous.
Corolla strongly '2-li pped. T. DIAPEDIUM.
Corolla pee 2- pee ed. 8. YEATESIA.
mr -sacs separated on a dilated connective.
er-saes piae similar in size and shape,
"the lower sac short-stalked. 9. DIANTHERA.,
Anther-sacs dissimilar, more or less unequal,
and the lateral one, at least, pointed at the
base, sessile, 0. JUSTICIA.
THUNBERGIA L. f. Climbing vines (ours). Leaf-blades more or
less nsns or sagittate and toothed. Flowers on axillary rA sub-
tended by a paif of foliaceous bracts. Me persistent: lobes 10-16, ow.
Corolla sean with a short tube, ong throat, and a limb d 5
broad lobes. s 4, didynamous. NM subtended by the persistent
bracts, with a pron body and a flat beak.—About 40 species, in the Old
World tropies s.-Sum, or all year S.
Petioles wing-mar £ined: corolla yellow or ochroleucous, with a purple eye: ous
eak ape longer than the body. 1. T.alat
Petioles not ng-margined: corolla white: capsule-beak much
longer than the body. 2. T. fragrans.
1. T. alata Bojer. Leaf-blades a -ovate to hastate, 3-11 cm. long,
undulate or sinuate-toothed, cordate a e base: calyx-lobes subulate, mostly
10-12, se i than the tube e: coro mi
2.5-3. oe wide, the ae rounded o
dulate: emi beak somewhat longer "than
the re iameter of the body.—(BLACK-EYED
SUSAN.)—Prairies, roadsides, and waste-
e. Fla. Nat. of Afri
2. T. fragrans Roxb. Leaf-blades rd
late to d piece toothed near the bas
and more o 11 em. lo
truncate to cordate at the base: calyx-lobes
e, 12-16, un about half a
ody. ) Fen Eur
rows, d. waste- -places, and prece Fla. Nat. of Asia.
2. TUBIFLORA J. F. Gmel Rigid herbs with several basal leaves and
flower stems with many rigid sheathing seales. Flowers in terminal spikes,
subtended i braetlets somewhat shorter than the calyx. Calyx-lobes glumace-
ous, 4 or 5, the lateral ones the narrower. Corolla white or Bas slightly 2-
lipped. [Elytraria Vahl.]—About 10 species, Americ
Basal leaves more or less spreading: blades narrow and elongate. 1. T. angustifolia.
Basal leaves erect; blades broad and relatively short. 2. T. carolinensis.
ACANTHACEAE 1227
1. T. angustifolia (Fernald) Small. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: basal leaves 4—30
em. long; blades d elongate linear- aie or r narrowly oblanceolate:
bracts ciliate: bractlets very narrow: calyx-
lobes 6-7.5 mm. ln short-ciliate at the
tip: corolla-lobes much sho rter than the
body 4-5 mm. long. Everglades, S Fla.
Spr.—fall.
. T. carolinensis (Walt) J. F.
Stem 2-5 dm. tall: basal leaves 5-20 cm.
long; blades "elliptic to spatulate: bracts
ciliate: braetlets rather broad: calyx-lobes
8-9.5 mm. e long-ciliate at the tip:
eorolla-lobes nearly as long as the tube: cap-
dedi s exserted at isi tip, the om 5-7
—Low
ong. E.
grounds, em eons oo Plain,
Fla. to S. C.—
3. HYGROPHILA R. Br. Annual or perennial weak herbs. Flowers
solitary or elustered in the axils. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes nearly equal. Corolla
mainly white, strongly 2-lipped. Stamens
4, didynamous. Capsule cylindrie.—A bout
30 species, tropical.
1. H. lacustris (Schlecht.) Stem
3-9 dm. long: le ener PRSE ner: or
narrowly linear- e 5-12 em. lon
ealyx-lobes narrowly i subulate, 5-7
m.
Swamps and muddy b Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex ^ te ex.) — Sum.-fall.—The
ore and a half species of his genus are
all swamp or marsh inhabitants. The sole
species in the wr United States in-
habits the river-bottoms from western
Florida to Texas. It reaches its greatest
development in the lower Mississippi Delta.
4. DYSCHORISTE Nees. Herbs or woody plants: leaf-blades entire.
Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils. Calyx-lobes 5, very slender. Corolla
blue, purple, or rarely white, somewhat 2-lipped. Capsule 2-4-seeded.
phanes D. Don.]—About 30 species widely distributed in warm and tropical
regions.
es
Q
=
0-
ee nearly as long as the corolla; corollas and the bractlets ee equal in
ngth. 1. D. humistrata.
Caly3-lolies I than % as long i the corolla; which is fully
tw S long as the bractle
Cor olla i ox long or shorter: "leaf-blades of a linear type. 2. D.angusta.
Corolla fully 2 em. long: leaf-blades mainly of an elliptic
. D. oblongifolia.
1. D. humistrata (Michx.) Kuntze. Stem leaves few; blades
2-3 em. long, elliptic to elliptic-ovate: e E "obe gubulate-seta-
1928 | ACANTHACEAE
ceous from a lanceolate base, 6-8 mm. long:
corolla oe : Hue lo ong; in about 10 mm.
wide: capsu long.—River-
swamps, nm Plain, Fla. and Ga. —Spr.
2. D. angus (A. Gray) Small. Stem
1-2 dm. tall: poe numerous; blades 1-2.5
m. long, spatulate below to linear-elliptie
e
or linear above: calyx-lobes linear-subulate,
1 long d lim ut 10 mm
wide: eapsule 7-8 mm. long. E a and
open sandy hammocks, S Fla.—All yea
3. D. pic eid pie Kuntze. Stem
1-3 dm. tall: s few; blades 1-3 em.
long, Res E^ cuneate _below, elliptic
above: calyx-lobes 12-15 x long: corolla-limb 15 mm. wide: capsule 10-13
mm. long — Sandhills and DB dde Coastal Plain, Fla. to Va.—Spr.-fall.
. RUELLIA [Plum.] L. Cauleseent herbs. Leaf-blades entire or
toothed. Flowers axillary or sometimes in terminal clusters. Calyx 5-lobed,
the lobes narrow. Corolla Ls i E Capsule 6-20 seeded.—About 200
species, mostly tropical America
Flowers or flower-clusters sessile or essentially so. I, PARVIFLORAE.
Flowers or flow aspire peduncled. II. PEDUNCULATAE.
I. PARVIFLORAE
Calyx- lobes linear d or with filiform Us longer than the capsule,
Corolla 4—6 c long.
Stem Temm tháh 1 dm. tall. 1. R. humilis.
Stem over 2 dm. tall. l
Leaf-blades sessile or essentially so. 2. R. ciliosa.
Leaf-blades manifestly petioled.
green or purple- dus p un blades not
Leat-blades thick: stem B cue fistulose. 3. R. succulenta.
Leaf-blades thin: stem woody, not fistulose. 4. rviflor
Plant grayish-pubescent: leaf- blades. prominentl
eath.
ls en 5. R. hybrida.
Coro T- -10 c lon 6. KR. noctiflora.
Calyx- o incon. -lanceolate or broadly linear, scarcely longer
. than the capsule. (. Iè. strepens.
II. PEDUNCULATAE
Erect gregarious plant with narrow leaf-blades l 8. R. malacosperma.
. R s Nutt. Stem 1-3 em. tall, hirsute or villous-hirsute, or almost
wanting: leaf- a spatulate to o or oval, 3—10 em. long: calyx hirsute;
lobes linear-subulate, 15-20 mm. long: co-
rolla blue or nearly white, d em. long;
tube 1-2 mm. thick: capsule 15-17 mm.
long.—Sandy . soil, Eum Plain, Fla. to
Miss. and Ga.—Spr.-fal
2, R. ciliosa Pursh. Stem 2-6 dm. tall,
hirsute: leaf-blades oval, ovate, or elliptie,
2-5 cm. long:
subulate, 15-20 mm. long: corolla aes 5-7
em. long: tube 1-2 mm. thick: eapsule 10—
15 mm. long.—Dry soil, various i ues
Fla. to Tex., Kans., Mich., and N. J. —Spr.—
fall.
3. R. succulenta Small. Stem 1.5-5 dm.
tall inconspicuously puberulent: leaf-blades
ACANTHACEAR 1229
aD elliptic to spatulate, 2.5-4.5 em. long; calyx sparingly ciliate or gla-
pida b linear-filiform, 13-16 mm. | oue corolla deep purplish-blue, about
4c ong.—Everglades, Fla.—All yea
4. R. parviflora (Nees) Britton. Ste 6 dm. tall, digas i UR He
green: P enf. blades elliptie to elliptic- A 3—10 em. lon ng: alyx hir
2 linear-filiform, 15-20 mm. long: corolla blue, 4—5 em. long; tube e
. thick: An: barely 15 mm. long. — soil, Coastal Plain and adj.
A Fla. to Tex., Ind., and N. J.—Spr.-
5. R. hybrida Pursh. Stem 2-6 dm. long, often diffusely spreading, grayish
pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic to cpt -laneeolate, 3-10 em. long: calyx
hirsute; lobes linear-filifor 15-20 long: corolla Pei -blue, 4-5 em.
ong: capsule 10—16 mm. ns E dene Fla.—Spr.-
noctiflora (Nees) A. Gray. Stem 1-3 dm. tall, Rd pubeseent:
WP blades elliptie, sometimes aoe co SO Or elliptic- M ese 4—7 long:
calyx softly ne E linear-filiform, 25-35 mm. long: corolla blue or
nearly white, abou ong; tube about ? mm. thick. Se about 25 mm.
long.—Pi nelands, o2 Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Spr.-
7. R. strepens L. Stem 2-12 dm. tall, LUE or finely pubescent; dd
blades ovate to e pen 5-15 em. long: corolla blue or nearly white, 5-6 en
long: eapsule 10—15 mm. lon ng.—Dr y soil, id ealeareous, various E
Fla. to Tex., Wisc., and Pa.—Spr.-sum.
alacosperma Greenm. Stem up to 1 m. tall glabrous in age: lea
blades linear- ei or inae -spatulate on e Oe part of the stem, dw
linear and attenuate above, mostly 1—2 ong: flowers in open cymes: calyx
sparingly SUDO ; lobes linear- RUE about 1 em. long: eee bluish-
purple, 3.5—4 em. long; tube about 1 em. long, shorter than the throat: cap-
sule about 2.5 cm. long.—Roadsides, cult. dag and ditch- aes Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La. Nat. of C. A. and cult.—Spr.-fal
Blechnum Blechnum (L.) Millsp., with uy camer bracted epike-like
panicles, has been found in Fla.; it is a native of S.
6. GERARDIA L. Mostly seapose herbs. Leaves mainly basal. Flowers
in terminal spikes. Calyx-lobes 5, ne |
equal. Corolla with slightly unequal broad
spreading lobes. Stenandrium A
About 25. species, of jpa ical Amer
1. G. floridana (A. Gray) Small. Plant
2—6 cm. tall: leaf- UEM ovate to elliptie or
oval, 2-3 em. long: calyx-lobes linear-subu-
m. long: corolla -
gen Gerardia has lon ng been mis-
takenly applied p certain groups of the
Figwort i
7. DIAPEDIUM Konig. Annual or usually dan herbs. Leaf-
blades entire. Flowers in conspicuously bracted spik Calyx 5-lobed, the
lobes narrow, "edd equal. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper ie erect. Filaments
elongate. Capsule with an ovoid or suborbicular body. [Dicliptera Juss.]—
bout 60 species of tropical and warm regio
1230 ACANTHACEAE
Corolla red or crimson, curved: tube longer than the lips. 1. D. assurgens.
Corolla purple or pink, nearly straight: tube and lips about
equal in length. 2. D. brachiatum.
1. D. assurgens (L.) Kuntze. Plant 3-11 dm. tall, often diffuse: leaf-blades
ovate to elliptie or nm ae em. long: calyx 3—4 mm. long; lobes
ae corolla crimson d, 2-2.5 e PUE
long: eapsule 7-8 mm. isi T e M
S pen. Fla. = the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C.
4.)—A1l yea
2. D. brachiatum (Pursh) Kuntze. Plan
3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptie-
ovate, 2 , ae or
acuminat alyx 4-5 mm. long; lobes linear-
e: cal
tree ens 15-20 mm. long: capsule
abou m. long.—River-banks and swamps,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Kans, Mo., and
. C.—Sum.-fall.—The two species in our
range are as distinct in their ha bitate as in
the A of their corollas. The firs P
?
a one inhabits fresh swamps and as.
8. YEATESIA Small. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers
in conspicuously bracted spikes. Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes slender. Corolla
slightly 2-lipped: upper lip ante or nearly
so: lower lip 3-lobed. — with an
ovoid body.—One specie
Y. ora (Nees) Small. Plant 2-6
A tall: teat blades elliptic or elliptic- -lance-
t
Plain and adj. provinces, Fla
Tenn., and Ga.—Sum.
9. NTHERA [Gronov.] L. Perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire or
rarely toothed. Flowers in dense spikes on axillary peduncles. Calyx 4-5
2-lipped: upper a he notched: lower
lip 3-lobed. Anther-saes borne obliquely,
each at the tip "3 a ee of the connective.
Capsule mostly 4-seeded.—One species.
americana L. Stem 3-10 dm. tall:
leaf-blades linear to pd eee or nar-
1 . lon
rowly elliptie, 5—15 e ng: peduneles as-
cending, about as iene as the leaves or
longer: spikes 1-3 long, continuous
ealyx-lobes linear, 4-5 mm. long: corolla
nat pink, or purplish: capsule em
u .5—2 cm.
ong.—(W ATER-WILLOW.)—-Beds, shores, and
neat >, X
de of streams, various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Mich., and Que.—Spr.-sum.
PINGUICULACEAE 1231
10. JUSTICIA L. Perennial herbs. Tak blades entire. Flowers in
more or less interrupted spikes on axillary peduncles. Calyx 5-lobed, the a
narrow. Corolla 2-lipped: upper lip notched: lower lip 3-lobed. Anther-sacs
unequal, one borne oblique or horizontal at the top of the connective, the other
a or nearly so below it. Capsule 4-seeded.—About 100 species,
mostly tropical American. /
/
Corolla 2-2.5 cm. long. 1. J. crassifolia.
Corolla 1 cm. ete or shorter.
Flowers scattered along one side of the upper part of the
peduncle
Leaves remote, reflexed : ee 5-6 m long. . J. angusta.
Leaves appr oie Spreading or poe nines ` corolla-tube
8- mm. 9. J. lanceolata.
Flowers in he ad: like spikes terminating the peduncles, or
approximate at the end. 4. J. ovata.
1. J. crassifolia Chapm. Stem 2-4 dm. tall; leaf-blades linear, usually nar-
rowly so, or oe near the base x Ros stem, 3-15 em. long, fleshy: calyx-
lobes linear, 11-15 long, acum
corolla bright- purple, "- 2, o em . Jong: e s
sule 2-2.5 long.—Swamps, wet woods,
nd low Dade Fla.—Spr. or all year S.
J. BEEN (Chapm.) Small. Stem 2-5
f-
spatulate at the base of the stem, more or
less refle oe peduncles bearing 2-few flow-
ers near end: calyx-lobes linear, 5- si
E pedum pale-purple D ut 10 m
in ng: capsule about 1.2 cm. long. Pine.
land ponds, Fla.—Spr.
3. J. lanceolata (Chapm.) Small. Stem 1-3
ipd Am leaf-blades linear to linear- d or eo 3—10 em. jong,
r less acuminate, undulate, se r nearly so ikes slender, 3-10 e
iu OL along the peduncle: a ea ashes narrowly linear, 5—7 mm pus
ii purple, about 10 mm. long: eapsule 1.5 em. long.— nu ground and
t hammocks, ipie Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. —Spr.—sun
4, J. ovata Walt. Stem 1-3 ae tall: leaf-blades elliptic, 3-11 em. long;
spike zl p 1-2 em. long, continuous: eal dcs Er ved linear-
acumina long: ERI pale-purple to violet, a 10 mm. long:
capsule en H em. Tong. —About pineland ponds, Coastal Plain) Fla. E Tex.
and Va.—Spr.-s
FaAwiLY 16. — — BLADDERWORT FAMILY
erbs, growing in water or in wet places. Leaves submersed and dis-
laments flattened, twisted. Anthers 1-celled. Gynoecium a single
1-celled pistil, with a free- o usually globose placenta. Style thick,
very short. Ovules usually numerous but sometimes only two. Fruit a
1 Contributed by John dns Barnhart.
1232 PINGUICULACEAE
eapsule, 2-valved or Mild dehiseent. Seeds numerous (in Biovularia
on
Calyx-lobes 5: scape without bracts, always 1-flowered. 1. PINGUICULA.
Calyx-lobes 2: scape with 1 or more bracts, 1 “many-f10 wered.
Calyx with a pair of bractlets resembling UN lobes:
scales, bracts, bractlets, Gad calyx- nhac umen 2. ARANELLA.
Calyx without bractlets ; lobes not fimbri
Pedicels each with a bract and 2 run m at base.
Racemes spike-like, the pedicels rarely exceeding the
racts: bractlets fre 3. STOMOISIA.
M not pike. like, ‘the pedicels longer, commonly
sey times longer than the bracts: bractlets more
r less adnate to the bid cts. 4. CALPIDISCA.
Pedicels eaeh with a bract Ba base, but no bractlets
Branches, if any, alternate: lateral lobes (if any) of
ower corolla-lip not saccate.
Bracts peltate. 5. SETISCAPELLA.
Bracts not p eltate, attached by the cn
Bracts tubular, solitary: corollas ple. 6. LECTICULA.
racts not tubular, 1 or more: corollas yellow.
Scape below lowest bract well dev "eloped,
mu Piu Scales; ovules and seeds
T. ÜTRICULARIA.
Scape. below lowest bract obsolete; ovules
8. BIOVULARIA.
ee and oooi whorled: lateral lobes of
wer corolla-lip saccate. 9. VESICULINA.
1. PINGUICULA [Tourn.] L. Terrestrial scapose herbs. Leaves in a
basal rosette: blades flat. Scapes usually several, l-—flowered, without scales
or bracts. Calyx-lobes 5, more or less united. Corolla spurred at the base, the
pala in ours) subulate or clavate, included in ite tube.—About 35 species,
e (
widely distributed.—BUTTERWORTS.
Corolla, including spur, less than 2 cm. long. 1. P. pumila.
Corolla, includi g spur, 2 em. long, or longer.
Spur sle nt.
Corolla golden- yellow: seape not villous. 2. P. lutea
Corolla violet: scape villous toward the bas 3. P. caer wea
Spur short and sac-like: plant "pen wholly tlabrous: 4. P. planifolia.
1. P. pumila Michx. Leaves 1-2.5 em. long, clammy-pubescent: scapes very
slender, 5—20 em. tall: FOCUS white, pale violet, or pale rose, very rarely Bei
low, 1-2 em. broad; spur subulate, about
Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—(W. I.)— Spr. or all
year S
2. P. lutea Walt. Leaves 1.5-6 cm. long,
elammy-pubescent; scapes 1-3 dm. tall,
he
o 2 o spur subulate or sub-
cylindric, 5-10 ong.—Low pinelands,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Spr.
B6 a Walt. Leaves 1.5-6 em. long,
clam mmy- A Cn. scapes l- m. tall,
pubeseent, e at the base; a Mae 2—2.5 em. broad, the lobes obtusely
]
2-cleft; spur slender, subeylin ndric, 4-8 mm. lon ne obtuse. [P. elatior Michx.
—Low ad. Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. O Spr
4. P. planifolia Chapm. Leaves 1.5-8 em. long, glabrous or nearly so: n
1-3.5 dm. tall, nearly glabrous, 2i villous at the base: corolla violet, 1-2 c
PINGUICULACEAE 1233
broad, the lobes usually aeutely 2-eleft; spur rather sae-like, a 1-3 mm.
long, obtuse —Shallow water, near the Gulf coast, Fla. to Miss.—Spr.
2. ARANELLA Barnh. Terrestrial herbs. Leaves in a basal rosette,
often fugacious. Scapes 1-several- E seales below the lowest pedicel
numerous, peltate, fimbriate: braets fim
ate: braetlets above the of the very
short pedicels, mimicking pcs ealyx-
lobes, fimbriate. Calyx-lobes 2, nearly dis-
tinet, fimbriate. Corolla 2-lipped. [Cosmiza
Small, not Raf.]—Three or 4 species, tropi-
eal American.
1. A. fimbriata (H.B.K.) Barnh. Leaves
linear, 5-6 mm. long: seapes 5-15 em. tall:
racemes 1-7-flowered, spike-like or sub-
lip. [Cosmiza longeciliata Smal.]—Low
pinelands, especially along the Everglades, pen. Fla.— (W. I., 8. A.)—Al year.
3. STOMOISIA Raf. Terrestrial herbs. Stems delicate, root-like.
Leaves delicate, rarely seen: blades linear. Bladders minute, beaked but with-
out bristles. Scapes 1-many-flowered: scales below the lowest pedicel several,
attached by the base: bracts each accompanied by a pair of bract mee Nc
lobes 2, EA distinct. Corolla.2-lipped, the lips nearly distinct, the upper
one clawed, lower consisting chiefly of the helmet-shaped, und com-
pressed Mna db did 50 species, widely distributed.
Corolla much exceeding the calyx.
Lower lip of corolla 1.2 em. long or more; spur about 12 mm. long.
S. cornuta.
Lower lip of corolla 1 em. long or less; ED about 6 mm. long. 2. 8. juncea.
Corolla about as long as the calyx, or sho rter 3. S. virgatula.
1. S. cornuta (Michx.) Raf. Scape rooting in mud, erect, 1-3 dm. tall:
racemes spike-like, aye flowered, the flowers appro oximate: corolla yellow, 1 2—
1.6 . broad: low lip much larger than
the pere) abru ane point spur horn-
shaped, acute, slightly os andere 7-12
mm. long. “Utricularia cornuta Michx.]—
Margins of ponds, various provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Minn., and Newf.—(W. I.)—Su
fall.
2. 8. juncea (Vahl) Barnh. Scape root-
, erect, 1-4 dm. tall: racemes
spike-like, 3-12-flowered: corolla yellow,
0.8-1 em. broad; lower lip larger than the
upper, rather pointed; spur horn-shaped,
j en -7 mm.
curv
[Utricularia juncea Vahl.]—-Margins
of ponds, Coastal Plain ne rarely adj.
provinces, Fla. to Miss. and N. Y.— —(W. I., S. A.) —Sum.-fall.
78
1234 PINGUICULACEAE
S. virgatula Barnh. Scape rooting in mud, erect, 0.3-2 dm. tall: racem
donee 1—6-flowered: corolla yellow, 4 mm. br d little if at all UE
calyx; spur conic, pendent, 2—3 mm. lon laria, simplex Wright.]
ul of ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. Y.—(W. I.)—Fall.
4, CALPIDISCA Barnh. Terrestrial herbs. Leaves in a basal rosette,
often fugacious. Scapes l-several-flowered: scales below the lowest pedicel
several, acute: bracts each accompanied by
a pair of bractlets more or less adnate to
it, making an apparently 3-lobed s
Calyx-lobes 2, nearly distinet. Cor 2-
lipped, the lower lip abruptly nd pou
e aperture of the spur.—About 60 spe-
eies, mostly tropical.
S
y
Legos Y
i
We 1
1. C. Standleyae Barnh. Leaves 1-6, sub-
e An o mm bus ng: scapes fliform,
1.5—15 tal: racemes pa -flowered :
pedicel “filiform, ds ..-11 mm.
long: eorolla nni pale- E upper
"i ge 3 mm. long; spur compressed-conic
m. long, longer than the lower lip. —Low pinelands, pen. Fla.—Fall.
5. SETISCAPELLA Barnh. Terrestrial herbs, with short root-like
branches from the base of the scape. Leaves delicate, evanescent and rarely
en linear. Bladders minute, 2-horned. Scapes 1—many-flowered:
Seale below the lowest pedicel scarious, peltate: bracts scarious, peltate: bract-
lets none. Calyx-lobes 2, nearly distinct, ae ribbed. Corolla 2-lipped,
the lower lip commonly stiff, divergently 3-lobed, with a 2-lobed palate.—About
12 species, mostly American.—Spr.-sum. or all year S
Corolla yellow, 6-12 mm. long: capsule 2 mm. in diame ter. 1. S. subulata.
Corolla white or purplish, d uon about 1 mm. in diameter:
ule 1 mm. in diameter 2. 5. cleistogama.
1. S. subulata (L.) Barnh. Scape rooting in mud, filiform, 3-20 cm. tall:
racemes 1—12-flowered: rachis be ecoming zigzag when well- -developed : pedicels
ascending, 2-10 mm. long, Sri A the
bracts: calyx becoming 2 mm. long: corolla
yellow, 6-12 mm. long, rere un s. broad, the
lower lip much larger than upper one,
equally 3-lobed; spur un -conic, obtuse,
| S 2 i M t [Utricularia
subulata L.J— —Wet andy soil, pars Plain
and New En nm pend Fla. and
Mass.—Sum
2. S. cleistogama (A. Gray) Barnh. Seape
rooting in mud, n m, stiff, 1-6 cm. tall:
dim es 1-3 flow red: pedie cels ascending
. long, ao M the bracts: corolla
dus Ais or purplish, not more than 1 mm. in diameter, consisting chiefly of
PINGUICULACEAE 1235
he large saccate spur, the tips minute: capsule 1 mm. in diameter.—Wet sandy
an Coastal Plain and New EAN coast, Fla. to Miss. and Mass.—( Cuba.)
6. LECTICULA. Barnh. Her bs. Stems radiating from the base of the
scape, usually submerged. Leaves alternate, usually 3-parted, tie segments
linear. Scapes 1-flowered, the pedicel con-
tinuous with the scape: bract tubular, the
free margin truncate, notched: bractlets
none. Calyx-lobes 2, nearly distinct. Corolla
lipped, the palate a mere convexity.—T wo
species, the following and one in South
Ameriea.
1. L. resupinata (B. D. Greene) Barnh
tem short, root-like: leaves seattered ;
blades simple or forked base, the
segments slender, capillary, often bladder
b se: t, 2-1 all i:
1.5-2 mm. long: corolla violet- -purple 8-12 mm. long; spur e obtuse, dis-
tant from the lower li [Utri cularia resupinata B. D. Greene. ]—Shallow
water, various provinees, Fla. to Ont, and N. B.—Fall.
7. UTRICULARIA L. Aquatie herbs. Stems submersed, the branches
alternate or from the base of the scapes. Leaves alternate, dissected. Blad-
ders borne on the leaf-segments, the mouth with a pair of bristles. Seapes 1-
many-flowered: scales below the lowest pedicel several: bractlets none. Calyx-
lobes 2, nearly distinct. Corolla 2-lipped: lower lip flat, spreading, with a
prominent 2-lobed palate—About 75 species, very widely distributed.—DBLAD-
DERWORTS.
Scape w ed floats.
Stem creeping on the bottom in shallow water: some or all of the leaves root-
Spur slender, equalling or exceeding the lower lip.
Spur conic at base, linear above: leaves not all M ED ee 2 DES
10-40 cm. tall. 1. U. fibro
Spur tapering from base apex: leaves all alike,
bladder- bearing: scapes 5212 cm, es ll. 2. U. pumila.
Spur stout, conic, shorter than the lower lip. 3. U. gibba.
Stem E ating, except for the single pits of attach-
Corolla 12-15 mm. broad: leaves forked, each fork twice
or thrice A
Scapes d pe edicels recurving at maturity: capsule
3—4 m in diameter.
Scapes green D straight at maturity: cap-
sule 5 mm. in diam 5. U. floridana.
Corolla 15-20 mm P ou p forked, each fork 4-5
s dissected : ` pedi cels recurving at maturity: cap-
ule 5 mm. in diameter 6. U. foliosa.
Scape with a cH of conspicuous, i inflated, more or less united
. U. macrorhiza.
Hx
Scape from floats to lowest pedicel 5 em. long or less. 7. U. radiata.
Scape from floats to lowest pedicel 7.5 cm. long or more. 8. U. inflata.
1. U. fibrosa Walt. Stems radiating from the base of the scape or scapes,
often 1-2 dm. long and free-swimming at the tip: leaves numerous; blades 2-3-
1236 PINGUICULACEAE
raceme | dissected, or the bladder-bear-
ing o
nes m reduced: scapes 1—4 dm. tall
a Y ered, usually 3-flowered
pedicels ascendin . long: corolla
yellow, about 15 mm. broac; spur conic at
base, linear above, appressed, about as long
as the lower lip, obtuse or emarginate at the
apex.—Ponds, chiefly in ee S RA
Plain, Fla. to Miss, (La.?) a
Spr. _fa 1l.
U. pumila Walt. Stems Rae L|
bearing se much reduce pes 5-12
tall: rae 1-4-À dp Pop ee 2-flow
ered: pedis ascending, 5-1 . long: n yellow, m 12 mm. Mp
spur Me conie, AUN E longer than the lower lip, obtus
emarginate he apex macrorha mU Barnh. ]--Shal-
a Lam
low water, bs Coastal Plain, EM New England coast, Fla. to La. and Mass.
—Spr. —fall.
3. bba L. Stems radiating from the base of the scape or scapes, several
em. lon ng, delicate, root-like: leaves scattered, sparingly divided; segments
rr with des minute bladders: scapes 2-10 em. iine raceme es net
ually 2-flowered: E very slender, erect or ascending, 2-10 mn . long:
scale yellow, 5-8 mm. broad; spur conic, very e shorter than the lower
lip.—Shallow water, peres provinees, Fla. to Tex., Mich. and Me.—Spr.-
fall or all year S.
4. U. macrorhiza Le Conte. Stems submersed, leafy, 3-10 dm. long:
numerous, alternate, 1.5- long: blades forked, each fork 2-8- Ree
di dude into filiform segments, p] bier numerous bladders; bladders
when fully developed 3-5 mm. long: scapes erect rum 3 dm. E ceme 5—20-
dS pedicels 0.5-2 em. long, recurving at maturity: cor pes llow, 12-15
. broad, the lower lip slightly 3- n da iot appressed, pei e slightly
aed shorter than the lower lip: capsule 3-4 mm. in dia metes t -seeded.
i vulgaris americana A. Gray. | s Vas
, Mo., Yukon, and Newf.—Sum
5. U. ior idana a — ee leafy, 6-15 dm. long: leaves numer-
ous, alternate, 3-5 c ong; blades forke d, each fork 2-3-pinnately dissected
into very delicate Recipes segments, the segments fewer, shorter, and stiffer
when bladder-bearing; bladders 2 mm. long or less: scapes more or i flexuous,
1.5 dm. tall une A rst flower expands, becoming 3-6 d ll: raceme very
laxly 8-25-flo pedic id em. long, ascending or spreadi at
maturity: enr yellow, 12-15 mm. broad, both lips nearly entire: spur not
2 Vd , slightly ped. ‘shorter than the lower lip: d about
n diam —Ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Spr.-
U. foliosa L. Stems submersed, leafy, 9-30 dm. long: leaves numerous,
alternate, 3—10 em g; blades forked each fork 4—5-pinnately dissected int
fine or eapillary segments, the segments fewer when the ders are more
n ong less apes erect, 1—3 l: raceme
rather closely E pedi l . long, recurving at maturity
becomi g: corolla yellow, 15-2 broad, the upper
lip erect, nearly entir ee lower lip spre a a 3 ae: spur not ap-
pressed, slenderly coni, slightly curved, sh e lower lip: eapsule
about 5 mm. i eter, few-see [U. oligosperma St. Hil.]-— Ponds and
n dia ded.
brackish ies Coastal Plain, Fla. to La—(W. I.)—Spr.—fall or all year S.
PINGUICULACEAE 1237
radiata Small. Stems a i leaves 6-10- -dichotomously dissected,
copiously bladder-bearing: e ect, 6-12 em. tall, be gee near the mid-
dle a single whorl of 4-7 e nici infated floats, ‘which a more or less
erum at the base, less than 4 cm. oe i pinnately dissected near the
tip: raceme 1-3-flowered: pedicels 8-20 mm. long, spreading or recurved in
fruit: irs Td about 1.5 em. broad, lower Dp 3-lobed, abot twice
as long as pia conic emarginate spur.—Pon , Coastal Plain and
New England a Fla. to Tex. and Me.—Spr r.—fall.
flata Walt. Stems submersed, often RUE elongate: leaves 10—12-
dichotomously eee copiously bladder- bearing: scapes erect, 2-6 dm. tall,
bearing : whorl of 4 nspicuous inflated braets, whieh are more or less
confluent at Es hase, zi em. long, and pinnately dissected from near the
middle: race red: ui 16-32 mm. long, spreading or recurved
in fruit: Seer eae ree . broad, the co lip 3-lobed, about twice
as long as the appressed conic um spur.—Ponds and ditches, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Del.—Spr.—fall.
BIOVULARIA Kam aquatic herbs. Stems submerged.
cuve es alternate, dissected. a E us on the leaf- "segments, the mouth
2-beaked. Scapes 1-3-flowered, the part þe- 9
low lowest braet obsolete, the lowest braet
hence sessile on the stem; bractlets
none. Calyx-lobes 2, dens distinet. Corolla
2-lipped, the lips entire, the palate not
prominent. Ovules only 2. Fruit indehiscent,
with a single seed.—One species, in tropical
and subtropical America. mE
. B. olivacea (Wright) Kam.
delicate, capillary, forming mats o
little beneath the surface of the wate
leaves mou of a single se gment, bearin
one bladder; seape ened any, the bracts
and ps s, if more than one, approximate at its base; longest pedicel less
m.
than 1 em. long; ae about 0.5 mm. long; corolla yellowish, less t
ong: spur e oo olivacea Wright. |—Shallow water, near San-
rd, I., S. A.) One of the smallest (perhaps the
fo Sem —(W.
smallest br Ee = P flowering plants.
9. VESICULINA Raf. Aquatic herbs. Stems submersed, the branches
-whorled, decompound. Leaves none. Bladders terminal, the mouth (in ours)
naked. Scapes l-4-flowered: scales below |
the lowest pedicel none: bractlets none.
Calyx-lobes 2, nearly distinet. Corolla 2-
lipped: lower lip 3-lobed, the lateral lobes
saeeate, forming together a prominent di-
vergently 2-lobed palate, the middle lobe
short.—About 6 species, Ameri
purpurea (Walt.) . Raf. Stems
elongate, the branches numerous, whorled,
verticillately deu bla dders soli-
tary, terminating many of the ultimate
branchlets, the orifices without projecting
processes: scapes erect, slender, spongy-
1238 OROBANCHACEAE
ae rusa onn 0.5-1.5 dm. tall: pedicels erect or ascending: calyx becoming
2.5—3 PA Eu e, 12 mm. broad; spur conic, somewhat
flattened, a t Wa as the lower lip. [Utricularia purpurea Walt.]—
Ponds, various prov vn Tia to La., Minn., Ont., and Me.—(W. I.)—Sum.-fall.
Famity 17. OROBANCHACEAE — BROOM-RAPE FAMILY
Parasitic, commonly perennial herbs, without green coloring matter.
eaves oo scale-like. Flowers perfect, or rarely dioecious, some-
partly united Eus sometimes spathe-like. Corolla of 4 or 5 M
united petals, the limb irregular or 2-lipped. Androecium of 4 didynamous
stamens partially adnate to the corolla. Gynoecium of 2, or rarely of
united earpels. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules mostly numerous. "uit a a Cap-
sule. Seeds wingless.—About 11 genera and more than 200 doe most
abundant in the Northern Hemisphere.
Flowers perfect and complete throughout.
Calyx iem spathe-like, the lower side split, the, upper with 3 or 4 tooth-
like lobes: stamens exserted. 1. CONOPHOLIS.
Calyx regular or nearly so, with 2-5 equal or unequal lobes:
stamens include ea
Calyx with a deep sinus above and below. 2. OROBANCHE.
Calyx irr equally re lobe 3. THALESIA.
Flowers various, cleistogamous on “lower part of spike, complete
but mostly sterile a ove. 4. LEPTAMNIUM.
1. CONOPHOLIS Wallr. Yellow or brownish herbs, with very stout stems
and inflorescence. Leaves numerous. Flow-
ers sessile, yellowish, crowded in the spike.—
Three species, North Am n.
1. C. americana (L. f. Pn Wallr. Plant
elustered, us dm. tall: leaves em ovate
10-15 mm. long. — (Squaw- ROOT. CANCER-
ROOTS. )— —Rich woods, various provinces, Fla.
to ich. and Me.—Spr.—The. squaw-root
frequently pes in addis Eis oes
plant resembles a fir or spruc ne. It
pale, often Mid when Mut Du soon b
comes brown
OROBANCHE L. Whitish, yellowish, reddish, or violet herbs, math
€ es slender stems. Leaves few. Flow-
ers sessile, in a spike.—About 85 species,
natives of the Old World.
1. O. minor J. mith. Plant 1-5 dm
tall: leaves (scales) ovate to o 6-20
mm. long: 10 mm. long;
out
lanceolate- -su du s 11-15 mm. lo
us bod the lo E add filaments pubes-
capsule abou |
=)
RE
on —
den ) —Fields, od s provinces N. ae
J. Nat ae ee —Spr.—sum.—Usually
parasitic on clo ve Orobanche is the
most wide-spread ud of this family. The
plants of some species are restricted to a
BIGNONIACEAE 1239
single host, while iare are not particularly selective. Different hosts seem to
influence e variatio in the parasite, a fact that may have led to too much
fale slic! on of ape cine
. THALESIA Raf. Pale, often pink herbs, with short, mostly subter-
ranean stems. Leaves few. Flowers oad on long ee often more
deeply colored than the foliage.—About
species, North American.
1. uniflora (L.) Britton. Plant 5-16 cm
ini ‘leaves — dida to 'obovate, 5-10
ong: . long; lobes lance-
ps about as os as s the tube: co
cream-colored and purple- um) 14—18 mm.
; lo
ovoid, about 10 mm. long llon uni
florum T ye (B s -RAPE At
ooT.)—-Rich woods, rious provinces,
rarely Coastal ‘Plain, Ga. to Tex. Calif.,
B. C., Ont. and Newf.— —Spr.
4, LEPTAMNIUM Raf. Dark- o me or yellowish-brown herbs, with
branching stems. Leaves very few. Flowers racemose or pos paler
than the stem, separated.—One species.
virgini L.) Raf. Plant 1-4 |
e mm. ;
virginiana Bart.|—(BEECH-DROPS. CANCER-
ROOT.)—Under beech trees, various prov-
inces, Fla. to La., Mich., and N. B.—Spr.
Famity 18. BIGNONIACEAE — TRUMPET-CREEPER FAMILY
bs, trees, woody vines, or rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, or
e or
4 didynamous stamens. Anthers with mostly divaricate sacs. Gynoecium
of 2 united earpels. Ovary 1-celled or 2-celled by the meeting of i
placentae. Ovules numerous. Fruit a capsule. Seeds wi inged or ap-
pendaged.—About 60 genera and more than 500 species, mostly NM
Leaf-blades compound : vines or rarely herbaceous plants: calyx 5-lobed.
Calyx with an undulate margin: capsule flattened parallel with its partition.
1. ANISOSTICHUS.
Calyx with 5 lobes: capsule flattened at right angles with
its partition.
1240 BIGNONIACEAE
rect plant: pod linear, not stipitat MA.
Cli mbing plant: pod clavate or fato. stipitate. 3. BIGNONIA.
` Leaf-blades simple: shrubs or trees : calyx 2-lobed.
nther- E stamens 2: and opposite: fruit slender,
dehiscent. 4, CATALPA.
. Anther- ive e stamens 4: leaves alternate or scattered:
fruit thick, roundish, indehiscent.
Leaves clustered on spurs; blades of a spatulate or ob-
Eds nr type: fruit rounded at the apex, with fleshy
plae 5. CRESCENTIA.
Redi alternate; blades of a broad type: fruit umbonate
e apex, with dry placentae. 6. ENALLAGMA.
ANISOSTICHUS Bureau. Vines. Leaf-blades 2-foliolate or rarely 1-
1.
foliolate, often tendril-bearing: leaflets usually with entire blades. Calyx
campanulate or cupulate. Coroll a with a
panulate throat. Capsule narrow. See
inged.—One species.
1. A. crucigera Cs Bureau. Glabro
vine: leaves prolonged into tendrils; leafl du
mA a poesi elliptie to elliptie- lanceolate,
5—1 ong a or auricled a
8»
o olata L. I ROSS-VINE.
FLO m. stream-banks, thickets,
and woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Ill, and Va. (or
Md.?)—Spr.—Also called smoke vine, as sections of the stems which show a
strikingly cross-shaped pith, are smoked as cigars
2. TECOMA Juss. Shrubs or partly herbaceous plants. Leaf-blades
unequally pinnate. Flowers clustered. Calyx tubular-campanulate, nearly
equally 5-lobed. Corolla with the tu
~ enlarged into the funnelform
throat. Seeds membranous-winged.—A bout
10 species, mostly tropical American.
1. = stans (L.) Juss. Plant 1-8 m. tall:
leaves 1-2.5 dm long; leaflets 7—13, the
blades Tanceolate te elliptic, or narrower,
0a caly
4-1 0 rsely serrate: calyx 3- 5
mm peu bes often triangular: corolla
yellow, 3.5—4.5 lo capsule 10—2
long.—(YELLOW TRUMPET-FLOWE YEL-
LOW-ELDER.) — Ha k woods, and
thiekets, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex.—(W
I., Mex., C. A.. S. A.).—All year.
.8. BIGNONIA [Tourn.] L. Vines. Leaf-blades unequally pinnate:
leaflets with toothed blades. Flowers clustered. Calyx tubular-campanulate,
BIGNONIACEAE 1241
nearly equally 5-lobed. Corolla tubular-
funnelform. Capsule stout, fusiform. Seeds
membranous-winged.—Two species, the fol-
lowing and 1 in Japan
1. B. radicans L. Stout vine: leaves many,
2-2.5 dm. long; leaflets 7-11, the blades
oval, ovate, or elliptic, 2-6 cm . long, coarsely .
serrate: calyx 14-18 mm. long: lobes tri- ,
ngul
em. a
18 em. long. [Tecoma d
(TRUMPET-CREEPER. COW-IT "TR ET.)
—Woods, river-swamps, dis and gine
je Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla.
Tex. Mo., and N. J. Sm —f um —The
ae of this Pu are often mistaken for those of Toxicodendron, whence the
name ‘‘cow-itch.’’ The Du pen have no poisonous effect on the skin
4, CATALPA L. Shrubs or trees, with scaly bark. Leaves deciduous:
. blades broad, membranous. Flowers paniculate. Calyx 2-lobed. Corolla
mainly white or yellow, the tube abruptly expanded into the throat. Capsule
slender and elongate. Seeds fimbriate-winged. About 5 species, North Ameri-
ean and Japanese.—INDIAN-BEANS. INDIAN-CIGARS. CIGAR-TREES. SMOKING-
BEANS. CATALPAS. CATAWBAS.
Panicles many-flowered, crowded : corolla with a limb 4-5 X LR 6 em. 1. C. Catalpa.
Panicles few-flowered, lax: corolla with a limb 6-7 X T- 8c 2. C. speciosa.
1. C. Catalpa (L.) Karst. Tree becoming 20 m. tall: leaf-blades ovate, 1- 3
dm. long: calyx 8-12 mm. long; lobes n m pointed: corolla 3-4 em. long,
i anulat
eapsule 1 : g.—Wood d stream
nks, various provinces, Fla j nd
aut as far as rie
. Y.—The d
capsules are frequen tly smoked y Ca
wherever the tree is found.—Spr.—
2. C. speciosa Warder. Tree becoming 40
m. tall: leaf-blades ovate to oblong-ovate,
1-8 dm. long: calyx 10-11 mm. long; lobes
than C. d throat conic-campanulate:
eae .5—5 dm. long.—(BOIs-PLANT. )—Damp soil or Es various prov-
cee N of Coastal Plain, T to Tex., Mo., and Ind.—Spr.
5. CRESCENTIA L. Trees with stale bark. Leaves clustered. on spurs:
blades of a spatulate or oblanceolate type. Flowers in clusters or solitary, on
1242 PEDALIACEAE
the spurs, pediceled. Calyx 2-lobed, leath-
Corola mainly yellowish-green and
moe with a fold between the
tube and the campanulate throat: lobes 5,
unequal. Anthers mostly included. Fruit
relatively large, rounded at the apex, with a «
thick, hard pericarp. Seeds flat, oe
—About 5 species, tropical Ameri
1. C. Cujete L. Ea becoming 12 m. tall:
leaf-blades 8—15 em. long, vais dad usn
nate or obtuse, narrow- -based : calyx 2-3 e
long: corolla yellowish-green and mage a
streaked; lobes undulate: capsule sub-
em.
—Hammocks, Florida Keys. Nat. of tropical America.—
Spr.-sum.
6. ENALLAGMA Bail. Trees with scaly bark. Leaves alternate: blades
of an oblong, oval, or obovate type. Flowers solitary or clustered at the ends
of the branchlets, pos d Calyx 2-
lobed, leathery. Cor inly whitish,
purplish or Lcd a fold be-
tween the tube and the campanulate throat:
lobes 5, unequal. Anthers mostly exserted.
Fruit relatively small, umbonate at the apex,
with a thin brittle pericarp. Seeds convex,
notched at both ends.—Four species, tropi-
eal American
1. E. latifolia (Mill) Small. Tree becom-
to yellowish-white; s toothed: eapsul
al, 5-11. .l
ellipsoid or ova ong. [Crescentia ovata Fl. SE S. ]—(BLACK-
o ) Hammocks, often along the coast, S pen. Fla. and BE Keys.—
(W. I.)-——Spr.-sum.
Famity 19. PEHDALIACEAE — Benne FAMILY
Herbs or rarely shrubs. Leaves opposite or oa alternate:
blades entire, toothed or lobed, usually petioled. Flow
x of 5
lo
2-lipped, the 5 lobes usually broa Androecium of 4 didynamous stamens
and one staminodium. Gynoecium of usually 2 united carpels. Style
elongate. Stigmas 2, often somewhat foliaceous. Fruit a capsule, un-.
armed or with simple or hooked spines.—About 14 genera and 45 spécies,
in the Old World.
Ovary slightly 2-lobed at the apex: capsule abruptly pointed or
short-beaked at the apex. 1. SESAMUM.
yey ES us a apex: capsule truncate and with 2 lateral
the . CERATOTHECA.
Se. e?
.less s all ERE e cea:
ate ne
MARTYNIACEAE 1243
1. SESAMUM L. Herbs. Leaves opposite or partly alternate: blades
broad or narrow. Flowers axillary. Calyx-lobes slightly unequal. Corolla
horizontal: tube very short: throat campanu-
late: limb 2-lipped, the lower lip much larger
ne the upper one. Stamens included.
Capsule angled or somewhat flattened. .
Seeds wingless.—About 12 species, in tropi-
eal Asia and Africa
1. S. indicum L. Plant 1.5 m. tall or less,
finely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate, toothed
or lobed and long-petioled on the lower part
of the stem, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate,
undulate or entire and short-petioled above:
E DR di: lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,.
5-7 Ped corolla pink, yellowish, or
de. 225 € . lon ng; s rounded: cap-
sule ellipsoid, 25-3 c long, abruptly poin nted.—(BENNE. Wr D cult.
iaa and waste- IAE Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of East Indies.—
(W. I. js way, De a) —All year.
2. CERATOTHECA Endl. Differs from Sesamum chiefly in the 2-horned
capsule and a the case of our aid in the broader leaf-blades. Leaves
alternate on the upper part of the s : blades toothed or lobed, petioled,
. subpalmately poles Flowers ee. opposito or d subtended by |
racts narrower than the leaves. Calyx-lo unequal. Coro odding: tube
es shorter than the dpi throat subeampanulate: ea very a the
lower lip much longer than the upper one.
Stamens included. Capsule ae "a
tened, truneate at the top. Seeds margined.
—Five species, African.
1. C. triloba E. Meyer. e 1-2 m. tall,
the stem 4-angled and with grooved sides:
leaves clammy-pubescent: blades sub- aoe
lar or ovate- are mostl ad em. lon >
aoe those of the lower lea
ened upwar em. long, the horns di dont pubeseent, the sides grooved.
—High 220508 and roadsides, pen. Fla . Nat t. of Afriea.—Sum.-fall.
Faxy 20. MARTYNIACEAE — UxiCORN-PLANT FAMILY
l or perennial, stocky herbs, with stout weak stems. Leaves
opposite or rarely alternate: blades undulate or lobed. Flowers perfect,
irregular, in racemes. Calyx of mostly 5 well-united sepals, oblique, the
lobes short. Corolla of 5 partly united petals: tube often decurved: limb
5-lobed, oblique. Androecium of 4 didynamous stamens (or the posterior
placentae parietal.— Three genera and 12 species, mostly tropical.
1244 PLANTAGINACEAE
1. MARTYNIA L. Annual or perennial, very stout, herbs with clammy,
strong-scented pubescence. Leaf-blades broad. Corolla declined, the limb
oblique. ae 2-valved, the body d
terminating in a curved or hooked bea
About 8 species, Am
k ouisiana Mil. Annual, densely
viscid- “pubescent: leaf-blades sinuate, 0.5—3
wide, petioled: flowers not fragrant:
calyx] -lobes ovate, obtuse: d lobes un-
dulate: Qd stout, 8-15 e ong, curved,
separating 2 ela stieally spreading
valves, the be ak o Eee the body.—
(UNICORN-PLANT. RN. PROBOSCIS-
FLOWER. )—River- PIS fields, waste- -places,
Miss. valley. —(Mez. )—Sum. —fall.
ORDER PLANTAGINALES — PLANTAGINAL ORDER
Annual or perennial herbs, or partially woody plants. Leaves wholly
or mainly basal, or crowded on a simple or branched caudex: blades
typically 1-several-ribbed. Flowers perfect, monoecious or dioecious,
spicate. Calyx of 4 (3-5), partly united sepals. Corolla of 4 (3-5),
partly united searious and veinless petals. Androecium of 4 or 2 stamens,
(or of 1 stamen). Gynoecium typically 2-carpellary. Ovary superior.
Fruit capsular, usually a pyxis.
Faminy 1. PLANTAGINACEAE — PLANTAIN FAMILY
. Leaf-blades typically 1-several-ribbed. Calyx-lobes, and
corolla-lobes, 4. Style and stigma elongate.—Three genera and 225 species,
widely distributed.
1. PLANTAGO foil L.1 Acaulescent (ours) or caulescent herbs.
Leaf-blades broad or Spikes usually elongate, green, or brown or
rayish. Filaments pa tai. Sdn e to MA orolla-tube. More than 200 spe-
cies, of wide geographical di 1 ne
HORSE Ed E corolla lobes erect or closing over the capsule: plants
ual or bienni
stamens 2: leaf-blades narrow, linear or filiform.
mens 4: leaf-blades dpud broad. II. VIRGINICAE.
lowers perfect : corolla-lobes eading or reflexed on the top
of the capsule.
Plants annual: flowers heterogonous, mou cleistogamous. IIT. ARISTATAE.
Plants perennial: flowers proterogynou
Calyx- lobes various, the he united, the upper distinct. IV. LANCEOLATAE.
|
Calyx-lobes all essentially distinct. V. MAJORES.
I. PUSILLAE
Capsule about twice as long as the m s 10-530. 1. P. heterophylla.
Capsule slightly surpassing the calyx : seeds 2. P. pusilla.
1Prepared from matter contributed " Seni Lyman Morris.
PLANTAGINACEAE 1245
II. VIRGINICA
Plant with spatulate, obovate or elliptic, usually repand den-
ticulate leaf-blades, and obtuse calyx-lobes 3. P. virginica.
ARISTATA
Rigid plant with narrow entire Tear nines aa a stiff spike E
with long spreading bracts. 4. P. aristata.
IV. LAN
Plant with narrow EU and short ms Spikes which
terminate wiry pedune 5. P. lanceolata.
V. MAJORE
DAROEN EEES of the leaf-blades free and anes from the mid-
Spikes m eee bracts much shorter than .
the calyx: seeds 2 6. P. sparsiflora.
Spikes a pe least above the base: bracts one half
the length of the calyx or more: seeds 4—18.
Capsules conic or ellipsoid-conic, circumscissile below the
i T. P. Rugelü.
psu ules” ovoid, circumscissile at about the middle 8. P. major.
Lateral nerves of the Jeaf-blades partially confluent with the
midrib. 9. P. cordata.
. P. heterophylla Nutt. Leaves basal, 2-18 em. long; blades linear or nearly
filiform, acute, entire or with several rem mote teeth or spreading narrow lobes,
narrowed to the dilated base: ua usually
5 ]
numerous, 2-25 em. long, equalling or sur-
passing the leaves: spike slender, 2-15 em.
wer
than th :
erect, ovate, 0.5 mm. long, acute: capsule
ellipsoid,. 3-3.5 mm. long, d rA be-
low the middle: mes mainly 0.5-0.7 mm.
ng, dark-red.—Moist soil, fields 2d past-
CA rts Plain and adj. poem Fla.
to T ; Ark,, and N. J.—Spr.-
2. P. pusilla Nutt. Leaves e several 2—
12 cm. long; blades linear or n arly filifor |
blunt-tipped, entire, obscurely 1 nerve, sometimes early deciduous: scapes usu-
ally. several together, nearly filiform, 5-25 em. long, pas mE iid br Di
epa ~ spike rather loosely eed: slender: bracts , 1-1.3
lon D8 A : flowers dioecious or polygamous: calyx- -lobes ov to spans,
L . long, obtuse, Rer bord the bracts: corolla glabrous; lobes
3—
cect, lanceolate to ov a Eo ellipsoid or ovoid- -ellipsoid, about
2 mm. long, circumscissile below middle: seeds 1—1.5 mm. long, dark-r din
RD sandy soil, various it "da. to Tex., Kans., and Mas s.—Spr.-s
3. P a L. Leaves basal, spreading or ascending, 1-15 cm. long;
blades ane to obovate or elliptic, obtuse or acutish, entire or repand-
dentieulate, 3—5-nerved, narrowed into margined petioles or nearly sessile:
scapes P or mid 0.5-20 dm. tall, much surpassing the leaves: spike
dense, sometimes interrupted below: flo owers dioecious: bracts linear-lanceolate
to bue nda; lobes elliptic or ovate, 2—2 2.5 mm. long, obtuse, surpassing
ate
capsule ovoid or oval-ovoid, 1.5-2 mm. long,.circumscissile at about the middle:
seeds 2-4, 1.3 mm. E M golden- yellow.—Dry soil, Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Mich.,
and R. I.—Spr.-
1246 PLANTAGINACEAE
ristata Miehx. Leaves nearly basal, 5-25 cm. long: blades linear,
aeu un entire and callous-tipped, narrowed into margined petioles, 3—5 5-
nerved: ded erect, 10—50 em. tall, rigid, surpassing the leaves: a dense,
2-15 cm. lo ong, pubescent bu not woolly: bracts linear, puberulent, 1-3
long, ae ing the flowers by several times pud peas Ps ud
calyx-lobes spatulate- elliptic or cuneate, 2-2.5 ong, obtuse, the outer
herbaceous, s inner s ips mar gined: cae pape ‘lobes ovate
or orbicular- ovate, 2 m ong, obtuse, cordate: capsule slightly narrowed
Nd 25-3 n mm. us eke surpassing the calyx, circumscissile at the
] D lai j
middle: seeds 2, 2-3 mm. long.—Dry plains and prairies, various PORC
La. to N. M., B. C., Alas, and Ill; naturalized eastward to Fla. and Me.
5. P. lanceolata L. Lea es basal, often numerous, 4—30 cm. long; blades
linear- dee tees to broadly ‘elliptic, e and callous-tipped at the a or
acuminate at both ends, 3-7-nerved, entire or denticulate, narrowed into ps
ES ned petioles; which are dilated and hairy at the pe scapes erect or ay
, 1-7 dm . tall, d n spike Pie dense, 1-8 em. long, 6-8 mm. thick:
bracts rhombic, 4-5 mm. long, the tip he nt: flowers prie ealyx-lobes 2—3
m. long, broadly elliptic to oval, obtuse, the 2 lower ones usually united, 2E
"m closely subparallel: cor olla a. lobes broadly lanceolate, 2—2.5
mm. long: capsule ellipsoid, 3 mm. long, slightly longer than the calyx, circum-
scissile at about the middle: seeds 2, fully 2 mm. long.—-(Ris-erass. ENG -
PLANTAIN. RIPPLE-GRASS.)—Fields, roadsides, m waste-places, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Tex., N. M., Alas., Sask., and N. Nat. of Eurasia.—(W. I.)
—Spr.—fall.
6. P. sparsiflora Michx. Leaves basal, eae em. long; a shorter than
the blades, margined; blades lanceolate to very narrowly e M
acute or acuminate, 5(—-7)-nerved, entire or . iudistin etly denticulate
erect, 2—7 dm. tall, slender, simple: spi d A der, sometimes 3.8 dm . lon "T po
brous or nearly so, uA -flowere d: braets ovate, very much shorter E the
calyx: flowers perfect: calyx-lobes e to obovate, about 2 m ong,
rounded, each with a green midrib and searious margins: elec an tube.
sli C Quir the calyx, glabrous; lobes reflexed: capsule ellipsoid-
cylindri ong, nearly twice as long as the calyx, circumscissile at the
lower TR pes 3 id 2 mm. long.—Low marshy pinelands, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to N. C.—Spr. -fal
C.—
7. P. Rugelii Decne. Leaves basal, 5—40 em. long; petioles irn) purple at
the base; blades broadly ovate to elliptie, "ipa than the petioles or some-
times shorter, 5-7-nerved, entire or shallowly toothed, s Or m
narrowed at the base: seapes often surpassing the i. 10-50 tall:
spike 2-30 em. long, sometimes broadly bracted P the base: braets fully one
half as long as the calyx, acute: flowers perfect: sepals elliptic, acute 2-2.5
mm. long, keeled, often scarious-margined: corolla glabrous; a ai
peli aa alyx; lobes spreading: capsule conic or ellipsoid-conic, 4-4
m ong, circumscissile ae ow the middle: seeds 4-9, 1.5-2 mm. mc ea
idus, fields, waste-plaees and woods, various provinees, Fla. t ex, N. D,
and N. B.; naturalized further westward.—Spr.—fall—The leaves are shining
en.
8. P. major L. ds basal, 5-85 em. long; E Aeon green at the
base; blades ovate or oval, or rarely ‘elliptic. obtus eutish, 5—7-nerved,
entire or MEAN to othed, ro m or M d = the ps longer than the
iin or shorter: seapes su bn ing the lea 8-40 em. tall: spikes 4-20
long, dense: braets ovate, b eine the calyx: flowers perfect:
LORANTHACEAE 1247
calyx- ica ovate to obovate, obtuse, not keeled, scarious-margined: corolla in-
on uous; tubes p pida as long as the calyx; lobes spr Pe or reflexed:
capsule ovoid, abou m. long, rene surpassing the calyx-lobes, circum-
scissile a the middle: eer 6-18, 0.7 mm. long.—Waste-places, roadsides, cult.
grounds, and damp x various Wo U. S. and S Can. In par = natural-
ized from Eu.—(W. I., x.)—Spr.—fall.—The ae are dull-gre
P. cordata Lam. Leaves basal, 1—4.5 dm. long; blades ovate to sub-
Pd 5-30 em. long, acute or obtuse, 7—9-nerved, these confluent with
the ae eee the agers of blade, entire or shallowly toothed, rounded
or cordat the bas scapes erect, surpassing the leaves, 15-50 em. tall:
spike Dod nu. some times interrupted: braets cu. vate or reni-
form, 1.5-3 mm. long: calyx-lobes ovate to suborbicular, 2.5-3 mm. long,
: e o
m
i e dd at the middle or slightly below it: seeds 1-4, 3.5-4 mm. long.
—Str aed shaded swamps, various provinces, Ala. to La., Ont., and
T anes
OnpER SANTALALES — SANTALAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, mostly root- or tree-parasites. Leaves with
expanded blades or scale-like. Flowers inconspicuous, perfect or imper-
fect. Calyx present, but often a mere border. Corolla present or want-
ing. Androecium of as many stamens as there are sepals, or petals, or
twice as many. Gynoecium of several united carpels. Ovary more or less
inferior. Fruit a drupe, a nut, or a berry.
Stamens as many as the petals or sepals: ovules not freely pendulous from an erect
pi S ood ite: fruit a berry: tree-parasites. Fam.1. LORANTHACEAE,
Leaves uy alternate: fruit a drupe or a nut: root-
arasi Fam. 2. SANTALACEAE.
Stamens a s many as the petals, except in Schoepfia: ;
ovules freely pendulous from the erect placenta. Fam. 3. OLACACEAE.
FAMILY 1. LORANTHACEAE! — MISTLETOE FAMILY
Green or olive-brown shrubs or half- shrubs, with chlorophyll-bearing
es, growing on woody plants from which they take sap through spe-
: i : Flow
mi
Calyx of mostly 3 valvate sepals, each with a minute opposed stamen.
Gynoecium compound, often 2-carpellary, but ovary inferior, 1-celled
with a single little-differentiated ovule. Style single or wanting: stigma
blunt or capitate. Fruit a berry or a drupe, the mesocarp Mad viscid.—
Abo ut 2l genera and 500 species, most abundant in the tropies
1. PHORADENDRON Nutt. Stem rather fleshy about a woody axis,
s at the nodes. Le eaves id aap scale-like or fleshy-coriaceous. Inflores-
e l- to several-jointed. Spikes solitary or clustered in the axils. Flowers
very is apetalous, dioecious: nies with a 3-lobed (rarely 2- to 5-lobed)
calyx: anthers Papi sessile, 2-celled, dehiscing upwards: pistillate similar,
the stigma nearly sessile. Berry subglobose, sessile, erowned with the per-
1 Contributed by William Trelease.
1248 SANTALACEAE
sistent sepals. Seed solitary.—About 100 species, American.—AMERICAN-
MISTLETOES. MISTLET
Spikes permanently short (2-3 em.), rather closely covered pir berries.
Leat- ae relatively broad, oblanceolate to obovate,
orbieul . P. flavescens.
E blades relatively narrow, spatulate or elliptic-spatu-
2. P. Eatoni.
Spikes T (6-7 cm.) with the berries in separated
whorls. 3. P.macrotomum.
1. P. flavescens (Pursh) Nutt. Stem minutely puberulous, becoming gla-
brate: leaf-blades oblanceolate to obovate (or orbicular in the southwestern
P. ely
"
Tr
©
g
eni wi
and
forming large rather deer tufts.
toni Trelease. Stem slender, gla-
là
25-50 mm. long: spikes moderately short, =
20-30 mm. long, short-peduncled, with 2 or 3 to 6 ellipsoid joints 6— 12-fow era
or even 30-flowered when staminate, and about 3 short joints some 6-flowered
when pistillate: ~ A white, o ellipsoid, 5m F meter,
with inflexed sepals.—On ash trees or sometimes on oaks and oo me S pen.
la.—Plants in d es much-branched tufts.
P. macrotomum Trelease. Stem minutely puberulous or glabrescent: ne
blades oblanceolate, d cuneately subpetioled, 50-70 mm. long: spi
rather long, 20-30 mm., reaching 60—70 mm. in fruit, short- -peduncled, with
e oid, 4 m
in separated whorls, with HP pn d s sepal —On various m trees, Fla.—
lants forming large rather open tufts
Famy 2. SANTALACEAE — Sanpat-woop FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, parasitic on the oh of other plants. Leaves
opposite or E blades entire. Flowers perfect, polygamous, or
dioecious, the sta minate elustered, the pistillate often solitary. Calyx of
3-6 sepals. Corolla wantin Androecium of 3-6 stamens opposite the
sepals on the edge of the hypan nthium. Gynoecium compound. Fruit
mostly drupaceous.—About 26 genera and 250 species, mostly tropical.
Herbaceous perennials: flowers perfect: stigma capitat 1. COMANDRA.
Shrubs: flowers dioecious or DOl amon stigma 2—4- lobe d.
Staminate flow els A mbel-like clusters: leaves
Ow um
leaves pee FT nearly S
Hypanthium of the S omina flowers turbinate: anthers
connected with the sepals by a tuft of hairs. 2. NESTRONIA.
Hypanthium of the staminate flowers flat: anthers not con- 3. BUCKLEYA.
nected with the sepals, 4. PYRULARIA.
Staminate flowers in racemes: leaves alternate.
SANTALACEAE 1249
1. COMANDRA Nutt. Herbs with long rootstocks. Leaves alternate:
biades narrow. Flowers perfect, cymose. Style columnar: stigma capitate.
Drupe crowned with the persistent calyx.—
Five one of them European
1. ta (L.) Nutt. Plant 2-4 dm.
tall: leaf- er elliptic, oval, or elliptic- MÀ
ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long, Ma stamens 1%
long as the p. rupe greenish- ab.
mm.
STARD
LAX.)—Dry ground, thickets, and banks,
various pod Ga. i Ar rk., Alb., and
N. B.—Spr.-sum.—This the only santa-
— genus in "North Jn with more
than one species, three additional ed bar
ove occurring in western North Amer
2. NESTRONIA Raf. Shrubs with spreading branches. Leaves opposite:
blades broad. Flowers polygamo-dioecious, the staminate. umbellate: sepals
not veiny. Style conic; stigma 3-4-lobe
Drupe of an oval type.—One species.
1. N. umbellula Raf. Shrub 3-10 dm. tall,
anes a e E is Sn.
varying t or ob
sepals broad e p Dus e pores of
shrubs and trees with
Coniferous trees are often wanting there.
3. BUCKLEYA Torr. Shrubs with 2-ranked branches. Leaves opposite
or nearly so, distichous: blades rather broad. Flowers dioecious, the staminate
umbellate: sepals vei Style conic: stigma
4-lobed.
ny.
È Drupe of an d en type.—One eg
species.
1. B. distichophylla (Nutt.) Torr. Shrub
2—4 m. tall, the branches pubescent: leaf-
g: sepals rounded at the base, green
ish, those of the staminate flowers ovate
5-3 mm. lo e pes (AS
River-banks, Blue Ridge, nn m Ñ
—Spr.sum.—Parasitic on the roots of hem- 3 ii]
lock tr The geographi is very EF
restricted, only three localities bei defi- QUU.
nitely known at present, although others have
been reported. The species is in danger of extermination.
19
1250 OLACACEAE
. PYRULARIA Michx. Shrubs or trees, with diffuse branches. Leaves
alternate: blades broad. Flowers scale or polygamous, racemose. Style
short: stigma depressed. Drupe
form.—Three species, the following and 2
Asiatie
1. P. pubera Michx. Shrub 1-3 m
or l st abo the middle,
4-15 cm. long: sepals ovate, green, 2-2.5
mm. long: drupe 2-2.5 em. long.—(BUFFALO-
NU OIL - N - COCONUT. )—
B NUT. MOUNTAI
River-banks and woods, c Ridge to Ap-
palaehian s en Ga. Ala. an gum
Spr.-sum.—A. curious 2 b, inconspieuous
in sr but obo in fruit by the dan ng-
ling which are, at first light-gre
and PE yell owish. An oil, oe olive oil, but ill-scented and poisonous,
has been pressed from the ‘dru upes
Faminy 3. OLACACEAE — Ximenia FAMILY
Shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves usually alternate: blades e or
rarely toothed. Flo wers perfect or polygamous, regular, in dichotomous
or raceme-like cymes. Cal f 4—6 small sepals surmounting e mee
thium. Corolla a 4-6 distinct or united petals. droecium of
stamens. Gynoeec m 3—4-carpellary. Fruit a drupe.—About 25 genera
and 140 species, nob tropical.
Petals united to above the middle: stamens as many as the cones and oppo-
site them: drupe nearly enclosed in iu. disk. SCHOEPFIA.
Petals nearly distinct: stamens twice as many as the petals: drupe
naked. 2. XIMENIA.
1. SCHOEPFIA Schreb. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire.
gi e filled with an elevated disk. Sepals broad. Petals united to
val or ovoid. Ovary about 1% inferior.—
About 15 species, tropical American d
Asiatie.
1. S. chrysophylloides (A. Rich.) Planeh.
Shrub or small tree, with pale
leaf bad ovate to oblong-ovate, 2-6 cm
ong: olla red
S.
(Fl. SE. U. 8.) ]—(WurrEwoop.)—Coastal
and inland 21 pe en. Fl
Keys.—(W. I.)—AlIl yea
XIMENIA [Plum.] L. Thorny shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades entire.
An without an elevated disk. Sepals minute. Petals nearly dis-
RUBIACEAE 1251
tinet. Anthers linear. Ovary nearly supe-
rior.—About 5 species, tropieal
1. X. ame a L. Shrub or small tree,
with dar ET S leaf- 2 oblong to
elliptic or nearl y SO, 3-7 ped ig
yellow or yellov Pre po 10
long; lobes ias densely E m sum
oadly oval, 14-
n 2
Everglade Keys, Fla. and Fla. Keys.—(W. ^
I.)—Spr.-fall, or all year southward.—The ;
talow tree has become accommodated to a Í BA
variety of soils 2 habitats. These factor
are reflected in its habits. In the sterile soil of the ‘‘scrub’’ it is a ae
shrub often e poss high; in hammocks it is an erect shrub or small tre
Y
OrpER RUBIALES — RUBIAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite, sometimes whorled. Flow-
ers perfect or polygamous, axillary or cymose. Hypanthium present.
alyx of 2 or more often small sepals. Corolla of 3 or more partially
united petals. Androecium of as many stamens as there are petals or
twice as many. Gynoecium 2-several-carpellary. Ovary wholly or par-
tially inferior. Fruit a capsule, a berry, or a drupe.
Leaves with stipules adnate to the stem between the leaf-bases.
Fam. 1. RUBIACEAE.
Leaves without stipules, or if present these adnate to the
petiole. Fam. 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE.
Faminty d. RUBIACEAE — MappER FAMILY
Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines. Leaves dps or whorled, sh
interpetiolar or foliaceous stipules. Flowers perfect or polygamous, regu-
lar or nearly so. lyx of 2-6, or more, sepals apenas the h ypan-
thium, or ded Corolla of 3-6, or more, more or less united p
Androecium of as many stamens as there are De and alternate vit
them. onde. $e ral-earpellary. Fruit a capsule,
berry.—Abou t 340 aa and 6,000 species, widely distributed: Ed
abundant in the tropics
Cavities of the ovary with several to many ovules each: seeds several to many.
Subfamily I. CINCHONOIDEAE.
Cavities of the ovary with a single ovule each:
seed solitary.
Stipules not folia aceous, usually minute. Subfamily II. COFFEOIDEAE.
Stipules foliaceous, nearly or quite as large as
the leaf-blades, thus making the leaves ap-
pear as in whorls. Subfamily III. GALIOIDEAE.
Subfamily I. CINCHONOIDEAE
Fruit dry
Seed T
Ovul very numerous: shrubs or trees. 1. PINCKNEYA.
ONDES ts and cor herbs, so S ues woody at the base.
epa
p
panthiu 2. OLDENLANDIA.
Top of the ies des extending beyond the hy-
panthiu 3. HOUSTONIA.
1252 ‘RUBIACEAE
Sepals and corolla-lobes 5.
Seed winged.
Fruit pulpy.
Fruit 2-celle a
Flo wers in cym
Flowers E
Coro we 5, oo
Corolla-lobes 4, valva
Fruit 5-celled.
Subfamily II. COFFEOIDEAE
Flowers in dense heads.
dier solitary or in open inflorescences.
Ovule pendulous.
MR wholly or partly adnate to the corolla-tube.
d Aere 2 2 the corolla-tube.
Inflor nce terminal.
Inflo rescence axillary.
Ovule not pendul
Corolla-lobes e
Corolla- lobes valvate.
or seed with a basal attachm
<
me
(co
Cor e:
Flow BES paired, the ovaries unite
Ovule or seed ue a lateral attachment.
Shrubs or tree
Herbs.
Ovary 3- or 4-celled.
Ovary 2-celled.
Fruit drupaceous, the carpels neither de-
hiscent nor separating.
Fruit not drupaceous, the carpels dehis-
cent or d
Mature carpels rely separating.
ue Dn nite: Suus slen-
rolla salverform
Styles nnited to the i01 stigm
capitate or 2-lobed: corolla in
nelform.
Mature carpels dehiscent.
Fruit septicidal, and both carpels
rpels, one
ich opens Te the ven-
tr dl face, the other remaining
closed.
Subfamily III. em
Stipules foliaceous, usually resembling the leave
INCKNEYA Michx.
Flowers in corymbose cymes.
transformed into leaf-
with a stout tube and 5
Stamens 5: filaments
adnate to the lower part of the corolla-tube,
labrous: anthers ellipsoid, exserted. Cap-
sule as wide as long. Seeds flat, wingless.—
One species.
Shrubs or trees.
rather broad uA
1. P. pubens Miehx. Shrub or small tree,
with pubescent foliage: leaf-blades elliptic,
ral, or ovate, 5-20 em. long, short-petioled:
a m Ta 1-1.5 em. long: corolla
4, PENTODON.
D. EXOSTEMA.
6. CASASIA.
RANDIA
S CATESBAEA.
9. HAMELIA.
10. CEPHALANTHUS.
11. GUETTARDIA.
12. ERITHALIS.
13. CHIOCOCCA.
14. STRUMPFIA.
15. PSYCHOTRIA.
16. PAEDERIA.
17. MITCHELLA.
18. MORINDA.
19. RICHARDIA.
20. ERNODEA.
21. DIODIA.
22. DIODELLA.
23. BORRERIA.
24. SPERMACOCE.
25. GALIUM.
Leaves with broad entire
Sepals 5, 1 or 2 of them, at least in the
ike
RUBIACEAE 1253
greenish, rd with brown or purple: tube 1.5-2 em. long; lobes as long as
the tube or er: iint e subglobose or D ci 2 em. in diameter.—
( FEVER- il T Sa ndy swamps, Coastal Plai QW Fla. to S. C.—Spr sum
The numerous bright- ie foliaceous sepals ae the cmd conspicuous on the
edges of swamps.
. OLDENLANDIA L. Annual or perennial, often diffuse herbs, or
woody plants. Leaf-blades mostly narrow. Flowers in axillary or terminal
congested cymes. Sepals 4, broad. Corolla rotate, minute: tube very short:
lobes broad. Stamens 4: filaments adnate to the base of the corolla-tube.
Style very short or wanting. Capsule scarcely longer i the hypanthium,
terete or angled.—About 175 species, most abundant in tropieal Asia.
Flowers sessile or nearly so, A vd glomerate.
Annual plants: sepals ciliate, ac
Stee hirsute: leaf-blades ‘short: petioled.
m gla brous: leaf-blade sile.
etu al plants: sepals ne acusado
Flowers on filiform pedicels and peduncles.
O. uniflora.
O. fasciculata.
O. Boscii.
O. corymbosa,
o m
: uniflora L. m 1-4 dm. long, often much branched: leaf-blades is
to elliptic, 0.5-2.5 em. long: sepals about 1.5 mm. long: petals about % a
lon e^ as the m on or nearly so, ciliate
at t ip: capsule 1-1.5 mm. long.-—Moist
s soil, Vm Plain, Fla. to Tex. and
N. Y. — Spr r.—fall, or all year southward.
2. O. fasciculata (Bertol) Small. Stem
ng, sometimes diffusely branched:
long.—Sandy beaches, swamps, m uddy banks
about tide-water, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Miss.—Sum.-fall.
3. O. Boscii (DC. Chapm. Stem weak,
uiu ne branehed, 1-3 dm. long: leaf-blades linear or attenuate to
the bases, 1-2 em. long: s sepals barely 1. o mm. lon ng: etals triangular or ovate-
Run E about o: o mm. long, white or pu urplish: laments finely pubescent:
capsule abou . long.—Wet soil, borders of ponds, and di bur UR
Plain and adj. provinces Fla. to Tex. Ark., Tenn., and S. C.—Spr.-
corymbosa L. Stem erect or Mna and diffuse, i bur long: leaf-
blades linear to mang lanceolate, 1-4 cm. long: sepals s about 1 m. long: corolla
white, about 2 mm. long; lobes e ‘pubescent within: nns glabrous:
eapsule about 2 mm. long. —Roadsides and waste-places, S go Fla.— (W. I.,
A., O. W.)—Spr.-
3. HOUSTONIA L. Annual or perennial, erect or creeping herbs. Leaf-
blades narrow or broad. Flowers in open or compact cymes. Sepals 4, com-
monly narrow. Corolla funnelform or salverform: tube long: lobes mostly
shorter than the tube. Stamens 4: filaments adnate to above the middle of t
eorolla-tube. Style slender. Capsule seated on or in the DONI flattened.
—About 35 species, North American.
1254 RUBIACEAE
Flowers solitary on terminal pedicels or ae on pedicels axillary to leaf-like bracts,
not aggregated into a termina al eym
Pedicels erect in fruit. I. CAER
Pedicels recurved in fru II. Horeca
JYlowers borne in terminal, Nore or less effuse cymes. III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE.
I. CAERU
Plant oe by slender horizontal Sree or creeping
lant T sepals lanceolate: corolla-tube glabrous
within.
Plant diffusely. E sepals elliptic: corolla-tube pu-
bescent withi
Plant annual, with slender roots.
ene much surpassed by the corolla-tube: capsule about
ualling the sepals.
Sepals about equalling the corolla-tube: capsule much ex-
ceeded by the sepals.
1. H. caerulea.
2. H. serpyllifolia.
3. H. pusilla,
4. H. minima.
II. ROTUNDIFOLIAE
Plant prostrate, usually in light-green mats: Gron bright-
white, starry. 5. H. procumbens.
III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE
Sepals fully as long as the hypanthiu
Sepals conspicuously surpassing the capsule.
less than twice as long as the sepals: sepals
6. H. lanceolata.
Corolla over twice as long as the sepals: sepals 2-3
S epals subulate to HO OERE during anthesis:
corolla-tube 6-7 mm ng.
gaa r ovate to ovate-lanceolate during anthesis:
:
H. purpurea.
rolla-tube 9-11 8. H. montana.
Sepals slightly reper the capsule.
Ho especially those of basal leaves, conspicu-
ously e
Leaf-blades ‘perfectly glabrous, at least never ciliate.
Corolla eom m . long: mature hypanthium and calyx
Be
9. H. canadensis.
10. H. longifolia.
Corolla 4.5.5 mm. DOE: mature hypanthium and i
x 2.5-3 mm. lon 11. H. tenuifolia.
Sepals shorter iun the Bn nthiu
Ste rect or ascending, sometimas diffusely branched at
se, the branches neither spreading nor pros-
trate.
C apsule much longer than broad, 2.5-3 mm Tod 12. H. angustifolia.
Capsule fully as broad as long, 1-1.5 mm lon 13. H. filifolia.
Stem n oe d at the base, the branches ae or
spre 14. H. pulvinata.
. H. caerulea L. Plant often pue e x slender, 2-15 cm. tall: leaf-
blades. oval, ovate, or spatulate, 2— m. long: eorolla lilac, n or ane.
except the yellow eye, lobes 5-7 mm. ee /
capsule 3—4 mm. wide.—(BLUETS. INNO-
CENCE.)—Damp grassy n and meadows,
various provinces, Ga. to La., Ont, N. $.
and Miquelon.—Spr.-sum.
serpyllifolia Michx. Plant matted,
the stems repne: leaf-blades ovate, ov val,
1-6 mm.
ong: corolla
ae duro -blue, Qu. the onem Or
white eye ds a ls 7 mm. long: e e 2-3
mm. wide. tops n da a lopes, Bine
Ridge to Appalachian Piateau, Ga.
Va. and Pa.—Spr ncc locally
into the Coastal Plain
usilla Schoepf. Plant 1-10 em. tall, sometimes sparingly branched:
win blades oval, elliptie, or ovate, or sometimes narrowly spatulate to nearly
y i. i... c hkALL€ (Ji a e D 1 Qu em TT ME LLL: |, e É'LO EL ÓGááÀG a COLL BMIULLULLALLLLLULLUCA AA dl M
RUBIACEAE 1255
p 2—10 mm. e sepals papi 2-2.5 mm. long: corolla deep-blue;
imb 6.5-8 mm. wide eapsule 4—5 mm. wide. [H. minor (Michx.) Britton. is
d. soil, Coastal Plain, and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., Ill
Va.—Spr.
4, H. minima Beck. Plant more or less diffusely pir ser b yis. 1-10
em. long: iim blades pea o ides is ovate, a saa ong: sepals becom-
ing 3-3.5 mm. long: corolla lilac or bluish; limb 7 wide: capsule 3—4
mm. wide. —Dry hi illsides, various nd N of meu "Plain, Tenn. o Tex.
and Mo.—Spr.
H. procumbens (Walt.) ME Plant with Do often PUE
stems and branches 0.5-4 dm. long, sparingly pubescent or nearly glabro
leaf- era oval to suborbicular, 5-18 mm. long: sepals broadly pias to ce
1-1.5 mm. long: corolla white, ners within: ca m. wide, spar-
ingly pie ca “TH. + otundifolia Michx. 1 Sandy xs p in damp pine-
lands. Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.—Spr.-fal
6. H. lanceolata (Poir.) Britton. Plant 1-3 dm. tall: ea. of Eod stem-
leaves elliptic-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute; sepals linear, 4—8 long
recurved at the tip, xd — as long as the i nuum CORE "lac or
bluish ; tube 5-6 ni. TP ue 3 mm. pu E —Woods, Coastal Plain and
urpurea L. Plant 0.5-4 dm. tall: blades of the stem-leaves subor-
bic ular to ovate or elliptic-ovate e to lanceolate and relatively small in
H. purpurea. pubescens), 2.5—4.5 em. long: se pals subulate or linear-lanceolate,
2-3.5 mm. Mia out as long as "the hypanthium: corolla lilae, light- -purple or
white; tube 6-7 mm. long: capsule 2.5-3 mm. thick.—Moist soil, various prov-
inces, Pus Coastal Plain, Ga. io Ark., Ia., and Md.—Spr.-f all.
8. H. montana UD Small Similar to H. purpurea in habit, but
typieally smaller: blades of the stem-leaves ovate, 0.5-1.5 em. long: sepals
lanceolate to elliptic- prr e at maturity, about 2 mm. long, about as long
om
as the hypanthium: corolla purple; tube 9-11 mm. long: X e 3-3.
thick.—Cliffs, Roan Mt. and vicinity, in the Blue Ridge of N. C. and Tenn.
—Sum.
H. canadensis Willd. Plant 0.5-2 dm. tall, with the leaves mainly ess
mate on a caudex: blades of the stem-leaves elliptic or spatulate, mainly 1-3 e
long: sepals elliptic to sar aes -lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, longer than the ae
thium: corolla blue; tube 7-9 mm. long: capsule 2—2.5 mm. thick. [H. ciliolata
Torr. ]—Woods or rocky soil, RO provinces, Tenn. to Ark., Ont., and :
Spr.-sum.
10. H. longifolia cen Plant 1-4 dm. tall, often tufted; blades of the stem-
1-
leaves linear to linear-lanceolate or TER -elliptie, 3 c . loi ng: sepals —
subulate to buche subulate, 1.5—2 E pr longer than the hyp
thium: eorolla pinkish or bluish; tube abou . long: capsule 2-2. 5 e
ng
Nous E and rocky banks, uia P Ga. to Miss, Mo.,
11. H. tenuifolia Nutt. Plant 1-4 dm. an, | blades of the stem-
e or whitish; tube 4-5 ong: capsule 1.5-2 m . thi ck.—Dry soil ane
usd iE Blue Ridge b Fond E iN Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Ohio, and Va.
Spr.-
1256 RUBIACEAE
angustifolia Michx. Plant 0.5-3 dm. tall, pu or diffuse: blades
the stem-leaves narrowly linear to linear-filiform, 4c . long: sepals ieee
1-1.5 mm. long, much shorter than the hypanthium d maturity: eorolla white
or purple-tinged; tube about 3 mm long: eapsule 2.5-3 mm. long, nearly ellip-
soid, nearly equalling the sepals —Dry soil, limestone rocks, barrens, and
prairies, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Ill.—Spr.-sum.
13. H. filifolia (A. Gray) Small Plant loosely or diffusely Earle. ve
dm. tall: blades of the stem- sin narrowly linear to subulate, 0.5-3 ¢ ong:
sepals lanceolate, becoming oid, scarcely 1 mm. long: ¢ corolla a
purplish; tube about 3 m long, “sparingly pubescent within: a aN globose-
obovoid, about 1.5 mm. lon PONE inelands and sandy places, Evergl ade Keys,
Fla. and Fla. Keys. —All year
14. H. pulvinata Small. Plant compactly much as 0.8-1.2 dm. tall, the
branches angled: blades of the stem-leaves linear or nea ae so, mainly 1- 1.5
m. long, often curved: sepals ovate to elliptic-ovate, "gully T a ioe corolla
bluish; tube about 3 mm . long, DUE no scent within: pone obovoid,
about 2.5. mm. long.—Sand- -dunes, pen. Fla.—Spr.—fall.
4. PENTODON Hochst. Annual tender herbs. Leaf-blades broad.
Flowers in axillary or terminal cymes. ida 5, rather long. Corolla funnel-
form: tube short: lobes somewhat shorte
in
hypanthium, 2-lobed. 2 species, the fol-
lowing and 1 African.
P. Halei (T. & G.) AS Gray. Plant gla-
Bo often diffusely branched and partly
ereeping: leaf-blades dap ip to iod or ellip-
tie-laneeolate, 1-5 cm. long, entire: hypan- —
thium clavate: ie d a gular- a N V f U '(
Or eae nin api t 2.5 mm. long: coro a
white; tu long: lobes ovate
ovate- a “capsule 3—4 mm. long a grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La.—Spr.-fal
5. EXOSTEMA L. C. Rich. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades leathery.
Flowers axillary or in panieulate cymes. Sepals 5, short. Corolla with slender
tube and 5 narrow lobes. Stamens 95: fila- »]
i , "T
ments adnate to the base the corolla-tube,
pubescent below:, anthers rrowly linear, MYA
exserted. Capsule dae p eds winged. VAX
—About 30 species, tropical American.
" E. caribaeum (Jaeq.) R. & S. Shrub or
mal tree _ the pai glabrous: leaf-
2.5 1 -
sule elipsoid, 10-12 mm. long.—(PRINCE-
woop.)—Hammocks, Me 20m Fla.
and Florida noc —(W. I.)—8pr.-
RUBIACEAE 1257
6. CASASIA A. Rich. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades Ten.
n in axillary cymes. Sepals 5, aien or narrow. Corolla with a stout
and 5 relatively d lobes. Stam
E Pace adnate to the lower part of e
corolla-tube: anthers elongate, linear-sagit-
tate, included. Berry thick. Seeds angled.
—About 8 species, West Indian.
1. C. clusiifolia (Jaeq.) Urban. Shrub or
small tree, the bark pale: leaves clustered
at
vat m. long: nt
sepals su runi corolla white; tube 16-20
mm. long; lobes acuminate, shorter than the
: mai obovoid em. lo
ocks,
near the coast, S pen. Fla. and Florida Keys —(W. I.)—All year.
7. RANDIA [Houst.] L. Armed shrubs or trees. Leaves relatively few:
blades leathery. Flowers axillary. ed 4—5, short. Corolla with a short
nd 5 often very broad lobes. Stam
r 5: filaments adnate to near the top P
M corolla- ie anthers ellipsoid or linear,
partly exserted or included. Berry globular
r elongate.—About 100 species, tropical
l. R. aculeata L. Sh ub 0.3-3 m. tall:
leaves 1.5-5 cm. long; blades nds to
n elliptie, or aui pie
angu ular to ovate, about 1 mm.
long, seam c ME ad
nds
OF. I. p year. | 2
8. CATESBAEA L. Armed shrubs. Leaves very numerous: blades leath-
ery. un axillary. Sepals 4, short. — with a long tube and 4 short
lobes. Stamens 4: filaments panei to. the | B
base of the corolla-tube: anthers narrow or
linear. Berry thiek.—A bout 8 species, West
Indian. o
. C. parviflora Sw. Shrub 1-3 m. tall:
leaves 5-15 mm. long; blades spatulate,
obovate or suborbieular, lustrous: sepals =
angular to triangular- ‘lanceolate, B " d
Se K white; tube campan
ong; lobes deltoid, audi. pud a
globose, 6-18 mm. long, blue or black.—
m and usd
(W. I.)—All year.—Fires and stor s hav
greatly depleted the zb dl. A limited
growth of this shrub. The most extensive
1258 RUBIACEAE
growth now extant is on the sand-dunes behind the barrier dune on Bahia
Honda Key.
9. HAMELIA Jacq. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades membranous,
Flowers in dichotomous cymes. Sepals 5, minute. Corolla with a narrow
fluted tube and 5 very short lobes. Stamens
5: filaments adnate to the base of the corolla-
tube: anthers linear, included. Berry thick.
—About 25 species tropical American.
atens Jacq. Shrub or small tree:
Po blades d or pane Te 8-15
ong: hypanthium
sepals
ae Ue mg Med 1.5
em. long; lobes 2-3 mm. long: berry oval
or ovoid, 5-7 mm. long, black. [H. erecta
Jacq.? |—(HAMELIA. )—Hammocks,
Fla. a Keys.—(W. I.)—All year
times popularly known as fire-bush on
account o ed inflorescence. This shrub
his
r small tree is most Ap a on the
edges of hammocks. Not only are the calyx and corolla red, but also the
inflorescence branches and the hypanthium
10. CEPHALANTHUS L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thinnish.
Flowers in capitate cymes. Sepals usually 4, rounded. Corolla with a long
ube and usua S obes. amens è
. the corolla: anthers ellipsoid or nearly so
Nut-like fruit obpyramidal.—About 6 ap:
cies, American and Asiatic.
talis L. Shrub or small tree:
eat m. elliptic -lanceolate, or ovate-lance-
olate, 5-20 e long, ee RE ioled: flower-
hen globose, 2.9—3.5 thick: sepals
about 0.5 mm. long: sprog white, about 10
Swamps, ponds, low hammocks, and stream S
banks, various provinces, Fla. to 'Tex., Calif., Ont., and N. B.—(W. I., Mez. xs
Sum.—fall, or all year southwa rd.
. GUETTARDA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf. blades thin or thickish.
Flowers in i peduneled cymes. Sepals 2-4 or more, short, or obsolete.
den a long tube and 4, or more, shorter lobes. Stamens 4-9: filaments
nate io ear the top of the corolla-tube: anthers narrow, but short. Drupe
Mone. bio Fade 65 species, mostly tropical Ámeriean.—All year.
Corolla 6-8 mm. long: leaf-blades strigillose or glabrate, se pues 1. G. elliptica.
Corolla 20-25 mm. long: leaf-blades scabro-pubescent, rugos 2. G.8
1. G. elliptica Sw. Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades thin, mainly elliptic,
oval, or obovate, 2-4 em. long: corolla pink or reddish; lobes mostly 4: style
RUBIACEAE 1259
glabrous: bu dd 8-11 mm. in diameter.—
(VELVET-SEED.)—Hammoeks and pinelands,
a Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.—
W. I.)
cabra Vent. Shrub or small tree:
smaller: corolla te o ; lobes
mostly 6 or 7: style pubescent: drupe about
in diamete (ROUGH VELVET-S
—Hammocks and pinelands, Everglade Keys,
Fla. and Fl an hammocks
pen. Fla—(W. I.)—The pinelands are not
the normal habitat for these plan a Where
ammocks have been destroyed s of the
trees E oue adapted to the ONE of the pinelands and persist in much
reduced stature, the soil being seant and poor in plant foods.
12. ERITHALIS P. Br. Shrubs. Leaf-blades leathery. Flowers in ter-
minal eymes. Sepals ee short or obsolete. Corolla with a short tube and
. 9—10 narrow lobes. A s 5-10: filaments |
nate to the base "i pA eorolla-tube:
indies ellipsoid to linear. Drupe berry-
like.—A bout 6 species, tropical American.
1. fru L. Shrub with glabrous
foliage: Tes. "blades oval he see tag MM
.5— lustrou sepal nute
corolla white; lobes elliptic, 3 3-5 mm ius
mm. thi
in the sands appa rently devoid of nourish-
ment. It often grows in large CIE These vary much in height—in some
the shrubs are knee high in others head high.
13. CHIOCOCCA P. Br. Shrubs or vines. Leaf-blades leathery. Flow-
ers on axillary raceme-like eymes. Sepals 5, short. Corolla with a relatively
short tube and 5 shorter lobes. Stamens 5: filaments long, essentially free
from the corolla-tube and united around the base of the style:, anthers linear.
Drupe somewhat flattened, globular—About 10 species, tropical American.—
All year.—SNOWBERRIES
Corolla-lobes about 3 mm. lorz: anthers about 3 mm. long: seed. 4-5 mm. long.
1. C. alba.
pu o 2 mm. long: anthers about 2 mm. long: seed A
2-2.5 m 2. C. pinetorum.
1. C. alba (L.) A. Hitche. Large, b. diffuse, or podlnins plants: leaf-
blades elliptie, oval, or ovate, 3-7 e m. long: corolla white, often becoming
1260 RUBIACEAE
yellow; ae 7-8 mm. long: drupe white,
.0—6.5 mm. in diameter. LC. racemosa, L.]
E nds. pen. Fla. and the Keys.
(W. I.)
2. C. pinetorum Bri Small, pipes
plant: leaf -blades elliptic or sometimes 0
long: drupe white, 4—4.5 mm. in diameter.—
jon Everglade Keys, Fla. and Florida
Key —(W. I .)—On the lower Keys a form
mu in the hammocks which is more robust
than the typical form, but is here E to
this species. The Florida Pi enda of
Va
this genus need extensive study. riations i V
the leaves, flowers, ind URN are Ac Marked forms occur in the
hammocks of the lower eastern coast, in Big Cypress Swamp, and on th
n the
Florida Keys. Chiococca alba is ee Pd in the form of a small m on
the upper Keys.
14. STRUMPFIA Jacq. Shrubs. Leaf-blades rigid-leathery. Flowers
in axillary raceme-like panicles. Sepals 5, short. Corolla rotate, with a very
short tube and 5 longer lobes. Stamens 5:
adnate by their broad URRU TOS Drupe
thick.—One species.
S. maritima jud. Much-branched pu-
bescent shrub, the branches short- res
leaf-blades linear to linear- opt ic, 1-2.5 e
long, revolute: sepals triangu ular 2 Men
about 1
long,
acute: eorolla white, pm lobes ]anceo-
late to EE 3-4 mm. long: drupe 4—6 mm.
ed white or red. By cmn Vm dunes, and
ocks, Florida Keys.—(W. I.)—All year.—Dried fruits los the fragrance
of pe cedar wood.
15. PSYCHOTRIA L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades thinnish. Flowers
in terminal or axillary cymes. Sepals 4—6, short and broad. Corolla with a
relatively short tube and 4-6 usually somewhat shorter lobes. Stamens 4-6:
filaments adnate to. near the top of the corolla-tube: anthers ellipsoid to oval.
rupe thick, often berry-like-—More than 300 species, tropical American.—Spr.—
sum., or sporadieally all year.
Inflorescence, twigs, and leaves pubescent : corolla-lobes as long
as the tube: stone with high ridges. 1. P. Suleneri.
Inflorescence, twigs, and leaves glabrous: corolla-lobes shorter
than t i DOES
Cymes sessile: sepals very shallow 2. P. nervosa.
Cymes peduncled : sepals deltoid. 3. P. bahamensis.
1. P. Sulzneri Small. Shrub, the branches pubescent: leaf-blades oy
oblong, elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long: corolla green; tube 2—
RUBIACEAE 1261
. long: anthers piper drupe 5—6 mm.
ed scarlet, orange A r yellow. ne tenui-
folia Gr iseb. Not v] (Wip FFEE.)—
Hammocks, S. pen. Fla. and adj: dn cs
(W. I.)
od EN Shrub or small tree, the
twigs glabro : leaf- blades. Pe s Or
elliptie- peser) 6-15 em. long: corolla
white; tube 2.5— 3 mm. long anthers oval:
drupe ellipsoid, 7-9 m m. long, red or rarely
yellow.—( WILD-COFFEE. -)— Hammocks, pen.
la. and the Keys.—(W. I.)
bahamensis Millsp. Shrub or n
tree, the twigs glabrous: au o lance
late, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 3-12 c m. long: eorolla white; five 3—4 mm. long:
anthers oblong: drupe oval or ‘ellips soid, 6-8 mm. n8, bright- orange.—
(BAHAMAN WILD-COFFEE.)—Hammocks, Fla. Ke eys.—(W. I.)
16. PAEDERIA L. Woody vines. Leaves opposite: blades broad, at
least relatively so, entire. Flowers borne in dichotomous cymes. Sepals 4 or
olla
falling away. Seeds flat, eco .—About
18 species, mostly Asiatic
em- d UT ofte
0
minate at the apex, rounded, truncate or sub-
cordate at the base, e -petioled: pied
acute: corolla pale- ilac, 7-9 m ong ; e.
lobes about 14 as long as ae tube. apiculate: berry obovoid, cage " em. long.—
Thickets and fence-rows, pen. Fla. Nat. of East Indies —Spr.-
17. MITCHELLA L. Undershrubs with creeping stems. Leaf-blades
leathery. Flowers in pairs, the hypanthia coalescent. Sepals usually 4, short.
Ww be and
Two species, the following and 1 Asiatic.
1. M. repens L. Stem and branches matt ted,
1—4 dm. aee leaf- c ovate to orbicular,
ish; tube 9-12 mm. long; lobes ovate. to
elliptic: oe Em ¢-10 mm. thick, red
white PART-
RES 2 ar woods, sandy ham
mocks, and shaded n often in aeid Boi
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Min nn., and
S.—Spr.—fall.
A
. lobes less than Wy as long as the tube: anthers
1262 |». RUBIACEAE
18. MORINDA [Vaill] L. Shrubs or trees. Leaf-blades rather thin.
Flowers in capitate cymes, the hypanthia coalescent. Sepals usually 5, minute
or obsolete. Corolla with a relatively short
the top of the corolla-tube: anthers linear.
Drupe united into a fleshy syncarp. —About
40 species, tropical.
1. M. Roioc L. Shr ub or vine: leaf-blades
elliptic A cuneate, 5-10 em. long: flowers
one synearp 2-3.5 cm. long, yellow.—
Hammock and oo pen. Fla. and
the Keys.— All yea
19. RICHARDIA L. Annual or perennial diffuse herbs.
herbaceous. Flowers in contracted involucrate cymes.
Mature carpels separating from each other. [Richardsonia Kunth.]—About 8
species, in the warm part of Ameriea.—Spr.-fall or all year.
; s c 5 mm. long; tube about twice as long as the calyx: mature pi en 3-3.5
cabra
1. R.s
Corolla. 3. ri 4 mm. long ; tube E thrice as long as the calyx:
mature carpels 2-2.5 mm. lon 2. R. brasiliensis.
R. scabra St. Hil Annual, the stems more or less branched: leaf-blades
elliptie, arii or piu. 2- 8 em. long: sepals puce e to ovate-lanceolate,
becoming 2-2.5 mm. long: corolla white; :
ellipsoid: mature e ellipsoid.—Sand
soil, ve erie in cult ds, Coastal] Plain,
la. to and N. a xe in Ind.— (Mez.)
—Nat. m Trop. Am
2. R. brasiliensis (Moq.) G
nial, the branches diffuse: leaf- "blades r ellip-
5—4
tic, 1. em. long: sepals ovate to elliptie-
ovate, becoming abo m. long: corolla
white; lobes e a as long as the tub
al:
huy | and nde pen. Fla.
fS.A
20. ERNODEA Sw. Diffuse or vine-like shrubs. Leaf-blades leathery.
Flowers axillary. Sepals 4-6, narrow. Corolla with a long tube and 4-6
relatively long lobes. Stamens 4—6: filaments adnate to the top of the corolla-
tube: anthers narrow. Drupe thin-fleshy.—A bout 6 species, tropical
—The plants of e following species flower throughout most of the
: Sepals about one-third as long as the corolla-tube: anthers linear. 1. E. littoralis.
Sepals about one- -half as long as the corolla-tube: anthers narrowly
ellipsoid. 2. E. angusta.
RUBIACEAE 1263
1. E.littoralis Sw. Stem and branches ipid. l1 fleshy; blades mainly
a siege neti uu o, 2-3.5 em. long: corolla white: ; tube mostly
r 10 m ong: anther er 2 mm mun Jodi.
deese mostly El on a sand- dunes à
and rocky shores, southern pen. Fla. an d
the Keys.—(W. I.)
2. E. angusta Small Stem and brane
0
leaves firm; blades linear, 2-4 cm
corolla usually reddish ; tube mostly less
than 10 . long: anthers over 1.5 mm.
. J.)—Our two species occupy quite dif
ferent hanes but they are both sprawling
or creeping vine-like sive: The first spe-
cies grows in the poorest soil, the coastal 9 l
dunes, where it completely covers large areas of sand with its wiry stems and
myri riad lea
21. DIODIA [Gronov.] L. Perennial creeping herbs. Leaf-blades soft-
herbaceous. Flowers x ipsi) Sepals 2. Corolla white or pink, salverform,
with a long slender tube and 4 narrow lobes. Stamens 4: fi aments adnate to
the top of the SU tube, the free portion elongate: anthers linear. Stigmas
filiform. Drupe thin- -fleshy, duin About 20 species, mostly American.—
Spr.-fall, or all year S.—BUTTO EDS.
Corolla-tube over 6 m long: capsule oval or ellipsoid: qnid ciliate,
Stem sparingly p hes cent on the angles or nearly gl abro
Capsules ellipsoid : leaf-blades narrowed at the base. 1. D. virginiana,
Capsules oval: leaf-blades truncate or subcordate at the
ase, 2. D. tetragona.
Stem hirsute. 3. D. hirsuta.
Corolla-t (uo less than 5 mm. long: capsule globular: sepals
cilia 4. D. Harperi.
1. virginiana L. Stem branching, 1-15 dm. lo ong, sparingly pubescent on
the angles: leaf- s E Du Ma linear- pug 3-8 cm. long, acute
als
or atuminate: sep ar to ar-lane
late, 4-6 mm. long: poss habe m
long: fruit 7-9 mm. long.—Low gr ounds, bui
ng.
Swamps, and stream banks, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. J.
2. D. di dpa Walt. Stem branching,
2-10 dm. long, the- ird often pubescent:
leaf ‘blades spatulate to obovate, usually
somewhat rhombic: sepals ovate to ovate-
oo 4—5 mm. long: corolla-tube 6.5-7
ong: fruit 4.5-5.5 mm. lon PN
sandy Soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. an
C.
3. hirsuta Pursh. Stem branching, 1-8
dm Po hirsute throughout: leaf-blades thickish, linear- -spatulate E linear,
2-5 e ong, somewhat acuminate: P subulate- lanceolate, 4—
corolla -tube 8-10 mm . long: fruit 7-9 mm, long.—Sandy soil, quise Plain,
la. to N. C.
1264 RUBIACEAE
4. D. Harperi Small. Plant smaller than that of the three preceding
species, glabrous throughout: leaf spen spatulate to linear, 1-3 em. long,
acute, eciliate: sepals lanceolate, 3-4 m. long: corolla-tube 3.5-4.5 mm. long:
fruit Aen 5 mm. long.—Pond Ub. “Coastal Plain, S Ga.
22. DIODELLA Small. Annual diffuse herbs. Leaf-blades firm-herba-
ceous. Flowers axillary. Sepals 4. Corolla with a relatively short thick tube
and 4 broad lobes. Stamens 5: filaments adnate up to the top of the corolla-
tube, the free portions very short: anthers oval or ovoid. Stigma capitate or
2-lobed. Capsular fruit crustaceous, lobed. About 15 species, American.—
BUTTON-WEEDS
Coro lia 4—5 mm. long: fruit hispidulous. 1. D. teres.
Corolla 6—10 mm. long: fruit strigillose. 2. D. rigida.
1. D. teres (Walt.) Small Stem or branches 1-4 dm. long, vos wr s or
creeping, pubescent:. leaf- per linear or narrowly Daea celal’) 1-4 e
long: sepals 4, acute, 1.5- long: corolla
white or pinki ish, 4—5 “Jon ng; lobes
als ovate to deltoid: "fruit obovoid, 4—
4.5 long. [Diodia teres Walt.]—
on p fields, roadsides, open woods,
dry sandy 'b anks, various provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Kans., Mich., and Conn. — Sum.—fall.
2. D. rigida uius & Sehlecht.) Small
Stem and branches procumbent or r prostrate,
finely pear leaf-blades thick, linear to
linear-lanceolate, mostly 1-3.5 cm. long,
acute, minutely rough-pubescent; stipules
: :
a
e
j
B
pede
M
un
cor
6-10 mm. long or rarely larger; lobes ovate E
to ovate-laneeolate: frui a obovoid, 3-3.5 mm. long.—Pinelands, Everglade Keys,
Fla.— (W. I.)—All yea
23. BORRERIA Meyer. Herbs or woody plants. Leaf-blades herbaceous.
Flowers in compact axillary cymes. Sepals usually 2, metimes 4, unequal.
Corolla white with a short tube and 4 broad lobes. E: 4: filaments
adnate to "a top of the corolla-tube: anthers globular to oval Capsule with
each carpel open along the inner face.—About 90 species, in warm and tropical
regions.—All year.—The following species are recognized as growing within
our range. Borreria ocimoides appears in a multitude of forms, some of which
may represent other species when more thoroughly studied.
Plant perennial: flowers in a dense terminal glomerule, and sometimes in supple-
mentary glomerule in ee upper leaf- axils : leaves fleshy ; blades of the upper ones,
at least. narrowly line . B. terminalis.
Plant annual: flowers in e in all or many of the leaf-axils:
leaves herbaceous; blades not linear.
Sepals subulate, ne early or quite as long as the capsule. 2. B. ocimoides.
Sepals ovate, much shorter than the capsule. 3. B. laevis.
1. B. terminalis Small. Perennial, 0.5-3 dm. tall, the stems often in colonies:
leaf- blades linear- *spatulate to linear, often narrowly so, 1-3 em. long, veinless:
Cisco gee re a hte ee ena meh ep a e a ce er FE“
RUBIACEAE 1265
corolla about 3 mm. long; lobes ovate, about
as long as the tube. [B. podocephala (FI.
E. U. 8.)]— r e
e :
collected at Pensacola, Fla. It has subulate
ealyx- -lobes and a corolla about 5 mm. long,
with the lobes mueh shorter than the tube.
2. B. ocimoides (Burm.) DC. Annual, d
ora G. F. eyer.
B. micrantha du S pen.
Fla. and the Keys , Mex., C. A.
S. A., O. W.)
9. B. laevis (Lam.) Griseb. Annual, 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic or oval,
i 5-6 em. long, veiny: corolla much exce eding the ealyx; lobes abou mm.
ong. [Spermacoce id ip T. & G.]—Woods and stream-banks, Coastal
A Fla. to La.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
24. SPERMACOCE [Dil.] L. Herbs or woody plants.. Leaf-blades
herbaceous. Flowers in dense, axillary cymes. Sepals usually 4. Corolla with
a short tube and 4 broad lobes. Stamens 4: filaments adnate at least to the
lower part of the corolla-tube: anthers oval or globular. i E with 1 dehis-
cent and 1 indehiscent carpel.—Four or 5 species, America
Stem and leaves glabrous or near rly
Plant perennial: corolla very villous in the throat. 1. S. glabra.
Plant annual: corolla A or slightly hairy in the throat.
Corolla-lobes shorter than the tube; hypanthium bristly.
pubes 2. S. tenuior.
ose lobes longer than the tube: hypanthium not
istly. 3. S. keyensis
Stem and eH hirsute with whitish hairs. 4. S. tetraquetra.
1. labra Michx. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf-blades
d varying to broadest below or A the middle, 2-7 em. long: sepals
becoming 1.5 mm. long, eciliate or n
ers ed lobes elliptic-ovate: fruit
about 3 long.—River-banks and low (
grounds, various eh Fla. to Tex.,
Kans., and Ohio.—Sum. or all year S. -
2. S. tenuior (L.) Lam. Stem 1-5 dm. tall,
or p leaf- pa d Or ellip-
tic-lanceolate, 2-5 long: sepals finely
bristly- D abet enm white; 2 ovate,
shorter than the tube: fruit over 2m m. long,
coarsely hispidulous.—Hamm Mem Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La. and Ga.—Spr.-sum.
3. S. keyensis Small Stem and branches
prostrate, 1—4 dm. long, glabrous: leaf- d
blades elliptic, varying to broadest below or above the middle, or elliptic-lanceo-
late, mostly 1—2 cm. long: sepals p) pubeseent: corolla white; lobes ovate,
longer than the tube: fruit 1.5-2 m m. long, minutely hispidulous. [S. porto-
80
1266 RUBIACEAE
jeg (Fl SE. U. S. ) Open hammocks and sandy places, Florida Keys.—
lH
4. S. tetraquetra A. Rich. Stem 2-14 dm. tall, usually branched, hirsute, four-
‘sided: leaf-blades nuc often narrowly so, varying pa nai. adest above or
below the middle, aeute; flower- rA b hypanthium hispid: T
lanceolate to ih a. 1-1.5 long; co oro whi te, 2— I om
ovate, much shorter ‘than the e e, pubescent at the bas 22m
fruit ellipsoid, fully 2-2.5 mm. long, hispid.—Pinelands, Bverglade Keys, Fla.—
(W. I.)—4A1 yea
. GALIUM L. Perennial, or sometimes annual, weak spreading herbs.
Leaves with blades and stipules about equal in size. Flowers in simple or
branched cymes. Sepals usually obs d Corolla rotate, with 3-5 lobes.
mens 3-5. Fruit globular or es ous. About 250 species, widely dis-
tributed.—BEpSTRAWS. CLEAVERS
Fruit dry.
Plants annual.
Fk wers in axillary cymules
uit densely uncinate-his . APABINA.
Fruit slightly granular or singoli II. PARISIENSA.
Flowers ra in the axils. III. VIRGATA.
Plants perenn
Fruit Ua oe spid.
Leaves and stipules in 4's; blades not bristle-tipped. IV.
eaves and stipules in 6's; blades Ba Vv. TRIFLORA.
Fruit smooth and glabrous or "merely rty.
orolla brownish or brownish-pur Pos e. VI. LATIFOLIA.
Corolla white or greenis sh. VII. TINCTORTA,
Fruit fleshy. VIII. BERMUDENSA,
I. APARINA
Plant with the long weak reclining stems retrorse-scabrous or
prickly on the angles. 1. G. Aparine.
II. PARISIE
Plant o branched, the branches rue scabrous on
the angles 2. G. parisiense.
III. Vi TA
Plant with slender stems and remote od of very short
ves and stipules. 3. G. virgatum.
IV. PILOSA
lowers manifestly Poa Tra 4. G. pilosum.
Flowers sessile or ne :
6
riy S
Leaf-blades elliptic. "ode to oval: corolla pubescent. . G. circaezans.
Leaf-bl o eolate or ovate-lanceolate ; corolla glabrous
or nea So. . G. lanceolatum.
V. TRI
Plant fragrant in drying: leaf-blades pu Hp E T. G. triflorum.
VI. LATIFOLIA
Leaf-blades ides lanceolate, 3-veined: fruit smooth. 8. G. latifolium.
Leaf-blades narrowly or linear-lanceolate, mostly i1-veined:
fruit innate" M Ae 9. Œ. arkansanum.
VII. TINCTORIA
Leaf-blades obtuse or merely acute.
Corolla-lobes 3, obtuse: cn scabrous. 10. G. Claytonii.
Corolla- C. 4, Beute: 'stem smooth.
Stip as large as in SER or nearly so : fruits when
efc 3-3.5 m 11. Œ. tinctorium.
a much a aud. narrower than the leaves:
fruits when didymous 4-5 mm. wide. 12. G. filifolium.
Leaf-blades cuspidate. 18. G. asprellum.
VIII. BERMUDENSA
Leaf-blades linear or nearly so. 14. G. uniflorum.
Leaf-blades elliptic to oval. l 15. G. bermudense.
RUBIACEAE 1267
1. G. Aparine L. Plant reclining, 1-15 dm. long, the stem retrorse-scabrous
or prickly: leaves, and stipules, with linear- peepee blades 1-8 cm. long, the
upper side with short stout ges (small-
leaved, abun ndantly fruited, Roni h longer-
hispidu ulous fruits in G. Aparine Valllanis ):
eorolla Saran Jobes ar ae o mm
aeute: fruit 3—5 mm. t
e il,
ee various provinces, Fla. to d pum 5
Ont., and N. B.—( Eurasia.) —Spr.-
. G. parisiense L. Plant 1.5-3 dm. tall,
the stem retrorse-scabrous on the angles:
. Much
fruit about 0.5 mm. thick, Bier rough
ened.— Fields and roadsides, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, N. C. to
Tenn. and Va. Nat. of —Sum.
3. G. virgatum Nutt. Plant 1-3 dm. tall, the stem hispid, with short p
nodes: leaves and stipules with linear-elliptie blades, 3-10 mm s ng, very
hispid on the margin and midrib: corolla white; lobes ovate, less t an 1 2n
long, glabrous: fruit about 3 mm. thick, uncinate. hispid, (glabr ous 25 smooth
like the foliage, c virgatum eigear pum) — Dry soil, Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, Tenn. to La., Tex., and Mo. |
G. pilosum Ait. Plant 3-8 dm. tall, the stem p 4-angled above the
swollen nodes (or internodes merely pubescent with uncinate hairs on the angles
in G. pil loswm ilo
m puncticu l in G. um pam aule): leaves and
stipules, with ov pidas i elliptic blades 8-10 mm. long, sparingly pubescent,
pe ellucid- eine ben : corolla yellowish bs des ; lobes ovate to lanceo-
late, about 1.5 mm pera "fra it about 4 hiek, uncinate-hispi ee
wo di shaded banks, fence- 2 and thi coe various pode Fla. to Tex.
, Ont., and Mass.—(W Sum.
5. G. circaezans Michx. Plant 2-4 dm. tall, the stem glabrous or sparingly
m leaves and stipules with elliptic-ovate or oval blades 15-30 mm.
long, or more, iaa gly pubeseent: eorolla greenish; lobes ovate, acute, less
than 2 mm. long: fruit about 5 mm. thick, uncinate- his spid.—( WILD- Ton, Minn,
—Dry woods, ae a and open banks, various prouncen Fla. to Tex., Min
and Que.—Sum
6. G. lanceolatum Torr. Pe i aud pubescent in parts, the stem branched
at the base, mostly 2.5-6 dm s and stipules shorter than the inter
nodes, 30— 75 mm . long; bla des - e ide leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceo-
late, acute or slightly acuminate, sparingly pubescent, especially on the veins
beneath, 3-ribbed: iar few, sessile on the spreading cyme-branches: corolla
glabrous or nearly so, 3-5 mm. broad, pene or yellowish, becoming purple;
lobes 4, slender- reed fruit as in G. E —Dry
thiekets and in woods, various D. N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Ky.,
Ont., and Que.—Sum
et
B.
B
ct
©
D
G. ps orum Michx. Plant reclining, sweet-scented in drying, the ste
3-10 dm. long, sparsely hispid or rarely od leaves Ls stipules in 6's,
uin broadly linear to elliptic blades 1-8 . long, the margins and midri
hispid: flowers relatively few, 3 together a the m peduneles: eorolla
1268 RUBIACEAE
greenish or r yellowish: -white; lobes fully ae 5 mm. long: fruit about 3 mm. thick,
uneinate-hispid.—(S WEE ET-SCENTED BEDS w.)—Thickets and woods, a
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Calif., Alas., Ont, a Ne NE Urano )—Spr.-s
8. G. latifolium Michx. Plant 3-6 dm. tall, the stem glabrous (hispid, like
the leaves, in G. latifolium E 2. leaves ind hb ules Rios h br oadly
]
lanceolate blades 3—6 em. long: corolla brownish; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
‘nate, about 2.5 mm. long: fruit about 2.5 mm. thick, ay ane slightly fleshy. —
Woods, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Al a. and Pa.—Sum
9, G. arkansanum A. Gray. Plant about 3 dm. tall, the stem glabrous below,
Re seabrous above: leaves and stipules with narrowly or linear-laneeolate
blades 25—40 mm. long, seabrous on the margin and midrib, x pellue cid-
puntate e corolla brownish purple: lobes ovate-lanceolate, cuminate
about 2.5 mm. long: fruit 2-2.5 mm. thick, glabrous.—Dry soil, a in rocky
woods, various a N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Okla. and Mo.—
10. G. Claytonii Michx. Plant more or less diffuse, 1.5-6 dm. tall, the stem
retrorse-seabrous on the angles: leaves and stipules mostly in 5 6’s, wit
linear-spatulate or spatulate-elliptie blades ae mm. long, obtuse, with scabrous
sal oe and midrib: corolla white; lobes about 1 mm. long: fruit ee 1.5
thick, Sta oi BA: shes and ditches, various provinces, N. C. to Tex.,
Nebr., and Que.—Spr
11. G. tinctorium L. Plant 1.5-2.5 dm. tall, the stem glabrous or nearly so:
leav 7 and stipules mostly in ev with h linear-lanceolate blades 15-25 mm. long;
(plants decumbent MS linear-spatulate leaves, in G. tinctoriwm , forida anum) :
flowers 2 or 3 i y nal elusters: corolla white; lobes about 1 m ong: fruit,
when didymous, 3-3.5 mm. wide, smoot amp shaded Uc. sw T and
Ww thickets, n pA Fla. to Tex., Ariz., Nebr., and Que.—Spr.-sum.,
all year southward.
12. G. filifolium (Wiegand) Small. Plant 1.3 dm. tall, the stem and branches
diffuse, more or less spr E in age, glabrous: leaves and ds pes ul in
4's, with very narrowly linear blades mostly m cm. long: in Era n
d i pedicelled : corolla white, about 1 m m. long: fr ur nun d idy-
wide, glabr me pinelands, swamps, and stream- -banks,
Col ‘Plain Ga. 46 N. Cer
13. Œ. asprelum L. Plant reclining, the stem 3-16 dm. long, retrorsely sca-
brous or prickly: leaves and stipules in 6’s, with elliptic- spatulate to elliptic
blades 1-2 em. long, the margins and midrib scabrous: flowers very numero
corolla white; lobes fully 1.5 mm. long: fruit about 2.5 mm. thick, smooth and
gla rous.— (Rove GH-BEDSTRAW. )—0 pen swamps and moist thickets, various
provinces, N. C. to Nebr., Ont., and ee eee
14. G. uniflorum Michx. Plant evergreen, about 3 dm. tall, - stem smooth
and glabrous: leaves and stipules with linear blades 25—28 mm. long, aeute,
glabrous Mu flowers solitary in pairs: corolla white; lobes QM ovate,
about 2 mm. long: fruit about 1.5-2 mm. thick, baccate, gla rous.—Dry * woods,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—Sum.
15. G. bermudense L. Plant evergreen, diffuse, the stem 1-6 dm. long, his-
pour or oe a and stipules oval or elliptic, 5- 20 mm. long,
mm. thick, ba itin Bud y smooth and glabrous. Ed hispidulum nice um
Dry sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. (V. I.)—Spr.-
- m
CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1269
rardia arvensis L. with the habit of Galiwm, but uo funnelform
corollas, ‘has been found in grass plots in northern Fla. and i in Ten
S 2. CAPRIFOLIACEAE — HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY
Shrubs, Die. vines, or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite: iu
entire, toothed, r pinnate. Flowers mostly perfect, in terminal or axil-
lary cymes, or ire alyx of mostl in |
y 4 or 5 minute or en
sepals. Corolla of 4 or 5 partly united petals, often irregular. droe-
cium of 4 or 5 stamens: filaments partly adnate to the corolla-tube. ue
eium 2-5-carpellary. Ovary inferior.
accate, drupaceo or
capsular.—About 12 genera and 300 species, mostly in the e
Hemisphere.
Corolla rotate to urceolate, regular or nearly so: stigma 3-5-lobed: style wanting
or very short, Tribe I. SAMBUCEAE
Corolla tubular to tubular-campanul ate or trumpet-shaped,
often irregular: stigma capitate: style PONEI: II. LONICEREAE.
I EAE
Leaf-blades pinnate: drupe berry-like ud: se s nutlets. 1. SAMBUCUS.
Leaf-blades simple: drupe with one nutlet. 2. VIBURNUM,
II. LONICEREAE
MEE. axillary : herbs.
Flow in axillary or terminal clusters or open cymes:
jf ros or vines.
pon e
3. TRIOSTEUM.
SS
short: stamen ns adnate up to
corolla-tube. 4. SYMPHORICARPOS.
Corolla elongate, nearly tubular; tube gradually
: stamens not adnate up to the
top of the corolla-tube. . PHENIANTHUS.
Corolla irregular; limb 2- lippe ed.
Flowers in pairs each of which terminates an axil-
ary peduncle, E nied by a pair of
r
Bracts minute, v different from the leav
corolla-tube gibbous at the base: upHeht
Shrubs.
6. XYLOSTEON,
Bracts foliaceous, resembling the eaves:
corolla-tube no pi COLD = the base: vines. 7. NINTOOA.
Flowers in whorls the ends of the
branches, the t aud usually some of the
E pairs of leaves connate-perfoliate. 8. LONICERA.
Fruit capsular 9. DIERVILLA.
1. SAMBUCUS [Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, with pithy stems
blades perdis Flowers white, in thyrsoid or flat-topped cymes. Sepals
small. Anthers ellipsoid or oval. Ovary 3-5-celled. Nee with 3- 5 nut.ets—
About 25 OR widely rid —Spr. or all year S.—ELDERS.
Leaf-
Cyme flat-topped or slightly convex: fruit dark- -purple to black.
Lateral s S IRSE toothed, or the lower pair rarely with a
ateral p 1. S. canadensis.
Lateral leaflets, at least the lower pair, pinnately 2- or 3-
foliola 2. S. Simpsonii.
Cyme corps. rounded: fruit red. |. 8. S. pubens.
Cana
Shrub with soft wood and white pith: leaflets red
1L the a SE the lateral ones elliptic, lanceolate, ovate or oval, 3—14 e
1270 CAPRIFOLIACEAE
long, serrate with m teeth: cyme
mer ne convex: eo rolla 5-6 mm. wide: c
4—5 m n dia ter.— (COMMON- ELDER.)—
Open piace. ees river- ee and sw m
various provinces, Ga. to , Man., and
N. B.
Simpsonii pcs Tall shrub or
small tree ACA wh e pith: leaflets 5-9, the
blades Vd ae end ones elliptie or nearly
so, 3-8 long, ad eyme flat: corolla
5-6 mm. in meter.
EL S ER.
Eom Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.—Forms
vast thiekets in the Lake Okeechobee region
and the coastwise lagoons of southern Florida, where it blooms throughout the
ar.
3. S. pubens Michx. Shrub with brown pith: leaflets 5-7, the blades lanceo-
late, elliptic, or oblanceolate, ee qd oval, 5-15 em. ong: eyme thyrsoid:
prota 4-5 mm. wide: drupe m. in diam ete r.— ( RED-BERRIED ELDER.) —
cm hillsides and rocky i. * pTue Ridge and more northern provinces, Ga.
o Colo., Calif., Alas., Ont., and Newf.
2. VIBURNUM [ Tourn.] L. Shrubs or trees, the stems not pithy. Leaf-
blades simple. Flowers in round-topped cymes. Sepals small. Corolla white.
Anthers oblong. ary l-celled. Drupe with a single stone-—About 100
species, widely distributed.—Spr.-sum.——ARROW-WOODS.
EE with some of the marginal flowers radiant and sterile: drupe red to scar-
I, ALNIFOLIA.
Ge GS i marginal flowers: drupe blue or dark-
purple
.Leaf-blades palmately veined or palmately lobed. II. ACERIFOLIA.
n Pa veined, entire or toothed.
Filaments as long as the corolla or longer: leaves with
n distinetion between blades and NM
Leaf-blades m straight pinnate veins which ter
nate in the teeth: stone of the drupe od.
roove III. DENTATA.
Leaf- blades with curved veins which anastomose near
. the entire or toothed margin: stone flat and even. IV. PRUNIFOLIA.
Filaments much shorter E the corolla: leaves without
distinetion between blade and petiole. V. OBOVATA.
I. ALNIFOLIA
Shrub with diffuse or procumbent, sometimes creeping
(rooting) branches 1. V. lantanoides.
II. ACE
Leaf- Pire with salient lobes, the teeth pare ee acute
or flar 2. V. acerifolium.
Leaf- blades. merely tooth ae i obseurely lobed, the teeth
rounded or relatively blu 3. V. densiflorum.
III. DENTATA
Leaf-blades sessile or very short-petioled. 4. Y. Rafinesquianum.
bo m uis cidedly petioled, sometimes relatively long-
io E of the leaf-blades glabrous or merely
with tufts a hairs in the aoe of hen n ns.
Corolla 5-6 m wide: dru globos 5. nta
Corolla Scot * E wide: TUO aL Ur 200 oid. 6. Y. aad.
Lower surfaces of the leaf-blades stellate-pubescent. 7. V. a EI oti
tu d
CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1271
IV. PRUNIFOLIA
C vime peduncled.
Peduncles shorter than the cymes 8. V. cassinoides.
Peduncles as long a nee cymes or longer. 9. V. nudum
Cyme sessile or near
Leaf-blades prominently acuminate, serrate. 10. V. lentago.
Leaf-blades obtuse or merely acute, phis te.
Petioles and leaf-surfaces glabrous or nearly so:
Stone of the drupe elliptic. 11. V. prunifolium.
Petioles and leaf-surfaces more or less PE red-
tomentose: stone orbicular or yea rly 12. V.rufotomentosum.
V. OBOVATA .
Drupe 6-7 mm. long; stone turgid, suborbicular. 13. V. obovatum.
Drupe 10-11 mm. long; stone flat, enie obora ies 14. V. Nashii.
1. V. lantanoides Michx. gie ed shrub: leaf-blades ovate to suborbicu-
a ut em. long, serrate: sepals ovate, about 1.5 mm. long, pubescent:
cor wide (those of the uc al
ones uds ; p^ lobes ovate: drupe 10—15
m. long. [V. ~ ie e ze U. 83]
—( HOBBLE- BUS WITCH-
HOBBLE. )—Dam n woods, "Blue "Ridge, an
more northern provinces, N. C. to Mich. and
N. B.
2. V. acerifolium L. Erec ped us
long:
long, bla ok or pur E e-bla ack.—Rocky
hillsides, woods, and t hickets, various prov-
inces, Ga. to Ont., and N. B.
3. V. densiflorum Chapm. Erect shrub: leaf-blades bur eect
toothed or sometimes sli ightly 8 -lobed: sepals deltoid, abou long:
hypanthium pubescent: corolla-lobes mostly ovate: drupe ellipsoid, 8.9 mm
long.— Wooded oes, Coastal Plain, W Fla. (and Ala.?)
4. V. Ra afinesqui ianum Sch B Nob Ps blades ovate to elliptie or sub-
orbieular, sharply serrate-dent 2-7 e ong: eorolla-lobes d ovate:
filaments Pont equalling the ju. jobs: us ellipsoid, 7—9 mm. long, black
or nearly s [V. pubescens (Ait.) uL em woods, Blue 2 and
more d provinees, Ga. to Minn. and Que
5. V. de e L. Shrub: leaf- ari oe oval, or ovate, sharply
dentate, 3-8 em. long; petioles over ong: corolla- lobes reniform: fila-
ments much exceeding yt coroll lobes? “drupe globose: ovoid, 5-6 mm. ‘long,
deep-blue or nearly black.— (ARR veer thi ickets, swamps, and
meadows, various Gracies a to md and
V. bracteatum E Shrub: leaf-blades ovate, often broadly so, erenate-
a 5-12 em. long; petioles mostly less than 15e . long: corolla-lobes
obovate: filaments mostly longer than the corolla-lobes: y oval or ovoid,
about 1 em. long, bluish-black.—Banks of the Coosa River, A opalania Val-
ley, Ga.
V. semitomentosum (Miehx.) Rehder. Shrub: on blades diodes ru
broadly ovate or elliptic, crenate-dentate, 3-9 cm. long: corolla 5-8 mm. wide:
filaments slightly exceeding the corolla- lobes: drupe Boba: ra 8-9 m mm. long
1272 CAPRIFOLIACEAE
deep-blue.—Low ground and swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Pa.
A counter-part of this species in the Blue Ridge province of Ga. and ad
Tenn large Baba. leaf-blades in V. carolimianum
Ashe. A plant with sparingly pubescent foliage and pus leaves (2.5-6
in S Miss., has been described as V. Ashei Bush.—V. en chx., with ellip-
soid fruits about 1 cm. long, ranges from Ky. to Mo. "nd L
8. V. cassinoides L. Shrub: leaf-blades m dad d ovate-lanceo-
late, or oblanceolate, undulate or erenate, 3-8 c . lon rolla 4-5 mm. wide:
filaments much exceeding the corolta-lobes : du ovoid. or globose-ovoid, 6-9
mm. long, deep-blue or rarely pink.—(W ITHE-ROD. WILD-RAISIN. SWAMP-
HAW. Ti and wet woods, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Man., and
New
9. V. nudum L. Shrub: leaf-blades thick, oval-ovate, elliptic, m lanceo-
late, or oblanceolate (linear-elliptic or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate in V. nudum
if oli iti ulate
in
10 mm. long, deep-blue.—(PossUM-HAW. Sw HAW.)— —Swamps and low
grounds, often in acid soil, Coastal Plain and ad eem Fla. to Tex., Ky.,
EL
o
. Lentago L. Shrub or tree: leaf-blades ovate to obovate or rarely sub-
t
RS finely and sharply serrate, 4-10 em. long: sepals mostly acute or
acutish: corolla-lobes ovate: filaments pad as long as i corolla or nearly
so: dr dps oval, 10-12 m i dr bluish-blaek.—(NANNYBERRY. SHEEPBERRY.
WILD-RAISIN. SWEET- eee )—Woods and banks of Seed various prov-
inces, Ga. to Mo., Man., and Que.
11. V. prunifolium L. Shrub or tree: leaf- bbs thinnish, oval varying t
ovate or obov sea or rarely suborbicular, finely, sometimes obscurely, ae
2.5-5 em. long: sepals obtuse: corolla-lobes ethical ar: filaments much less
than ee as long as the corolla: drupe elliptic, sometimes oa 0; 7-9 mm.
long bluish-black under the blo om.— (BL ACK-HAW. STAG-BRUSH. SLOE.)—
Red woods and open banks, various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Kans., Mich.,
and Conn.
12. V. rufidulum Raf. Shrub or small tree: leaf-blades thick, elliptic, or
nearly so, die 4—10 em. long: corolla in mm. wide: drupe broadly oe
10-14 seed long, deep-blue under the blo [V. 010000 800. Small.
(SOUTHERN BLACK-HAW.)—Woods, thickets, hammocks, and bluffs, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Va.
13. V. obovatum Walt. Shrub or small tree: leaf- bonn oblanceolate, cuneate,
or oe 1.5-6 em. long, entire or slightly toothed near the apex: corolla 3-6
wide: fi eene scarcely equalling the core kes drupe oval, 6-8 m
pens "lack. — (Sita -VIBURNUM.)—River-swamps and low hammocks, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to
14. V. Nashii Small. pig ie small E leaf-blades suborbicular or broadly
obovate to spatulate, 4—5 e ong, more or less erenate: dr Dos ellipsoid, 10—12
mm. long, black—(NASH’S- e ) — River- swamps, Fla
3. TRIOSTEUM L. Herbs with simple stems. Leaf-blades entire, some-
times connate-perfoliate. Flowers axillary. Sepals foliaceous. Corolla yellow,
greenish-yellow, or maroon. Filaments adnate to the lower part of the corolla-
CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1273
tube. Anthers linear. Ovary 3-5-eelled. Drupe leathery or fleshy. About
6 species, the following and 3 Asiatie.—Sum.—HORSE-GENTIANS. FEVERWORTS.
Leaf-blades AME to the sessile or slightly connate-perfoliate bases
Leaves less n thrice as long as broad: corolla dull-red. 1. T. TE um.
Leaves over piece as long as broad: corolla yellowish. . angustifolium.
Leaf-blades with broadly.dilated connate-perfoliate bases. 3. T. perfoliatum.
1. T. aurantiacum Bicknell. Similar to T. angustifolium in habit: blades of
the ee leaves ieee -elliptie to elliptic. ene 15-25 em. long: sepals
12-20 mm. lon rolla 14-20 mm. long: ^
drupe 12-14 mm. c d sed nel
thiekets, and rich hillsides, variou s pro
.inees, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. o Minn.
and Que.
. T. angustifolium L. Stem hirsute or
softly hispid, 3-9 dm. tall: blades of the
up ,
d provinees, Ala. to La., Mo.,
onn
perfoliatum En pom softly bod eni the upper leaves pu
b P oval, 10 m. long: ua age ong: corolla 12-15 m
long: drupe 8- 12 mm ong.— (WILD zo in 'S-WEED.) —Rich woods
and thickets, various irr rub. Coastal Plain Ala. to Nebr. and Mas
4. SYMPHORICARPOS [Dil.] Ludwig. Shrubs with much branched
stems. Leaf-blades entire, or lobed on shoots. Flowers in spikes or racemes.
Sepals minute. Corolla white or red. Filaments adnate to the top the
corolla-tube. Anthers ellipsoid. Ovary 4-celled. Berry drupe-like, d. with
2 nutlets. About 10 species, North American.—Sum.
Style glabrous: drupe white: corolla pale. 1. S. albus.
Style pubescent : drupe red or purple: corolla dark. 2. S. Symphoricarpos.
1. S. us (L.) Blake. Shrub 1-2 m. pem Ds twigs and leaves glabrous
leaf- blades ap ee or suborbicu mei 3-6 cm. long: flowers short- pedicelled:
corolla bra us ps "s 6-7 n
pe [S. oon
Michx. e ‘Rocky dod. and
river-banks, various provinces, N.
Calif., B. C., and N. S.
2. il Symphoricarpos (Lo) MacM. Shrub
1-2 tall, the twigs and leaves pubescent:
leaf- blades ovate, n or elliptic, 1—4 em.
ong, or rarely "lar flowers sessile or
nearly so: corolla greenish -red, 2.5-3.5 m
long: drupe ys long. [S. vulgaris
Michx. ]— (CoR B INDIAN-CURRANT. )
—Thickets, edges of woods, and roadsides,
various provin Ga. to Tex., N. and
Na Y. dnd eastward.
1274 CAPRIFOLIACEAE
5. PHENIANTHUS Raf. Woody vines or diffuse shrubs. Leaf-blades
entire, the upper pairs of bracts often connate-perfoliate. Flowers in sessile
xilary clusters. Sepals very small. Corolla-elon- 7
gate, bright-colored: tube slightly ventricose near A S
he base. Berries subglobose, usually clustered.—
About 6 species, mostly North American.
1. P. sempervirens (L.) R Twining vine, the
twigs glabrous: leaf-blades een or broad, mostly
2-9 em. long, glaucous and often ease beneath:
sepals very a corolla 3.5—4.5 long, eae
red without, yellow within, or nete ENT
angie: lobes m ostly 4—5 mm. long, obtuse, the lower lobe often nar-
rower than the upper lobes: filaments 4—4.5 mm. long: berry red or orange.
[Lonicera sempervirens L.|-—(TRUMPET-HONEYSUCKLE. CORAL-HONEYSUCKLE,
WooDBINÉ.)—Thiekets, woods, swamps, and fencerows, various provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Nebr., and Me.
6. XYLOSTEON B. Juss. Erect shrubs. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers in
pairs at the end of an axillary AGE. pa ae by 2 minute bracts and
2 bractlets, the hypanthia more or less united. Sepals minute or obsolete
Corolla relatively short: tube e a at the i Berry distinct or didymous.
out a dozen species, in the north temperate zone.—HONEYSUCELE.
Corolla funnelform, the lobes shorter than the tube. 1. X. ciliatum.
Corolla 2-lipped, the lobes as lo ong as the tube. 2. X. fragrantissimum.
X. ciliatum (Muhl) Pursh. Shrub 0.5-2 m. tall: leaf-blades thin, ovate
or r oval- -ovate, 3-8 em ee ciliate: corolla yellowish, about 1.5 cm. long; t tube
preminently gibbous at the base: stamens and styleq
in uel or style fed berry ovoid or oval-ovoid, | w MZ
—10 long, red.—(FLYv-HONEYSU UCKLE. )—Ro ocky (2
woods, 1 Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, N. C.
to Minn. and N. pr.
a - dragrastissinum Lindl. & Im dieu
obovate, 15d. em. long, pale beneath: eor olla white
» a 1 em. I
base: berry 6- Roadsides | Es
and about Eds pie in EU Piedmont of Ga. Nat. of China.—
Wint.-spr.
7. NINTOOA Sweet. Woody vines. Leaf-blades entire, or pinnatifid on
young shoots. Flowers in pairs terminating axillary peduncles, accompanied by
e h
erries distinct—Four or 5 species, Asiatic.
1. N. japonica ue, Sweet. Diffusely creeping
vine
CAPRIFOLIACEAE 1275
HONEYSUCKLE.)—Woods, banks, sand-dunes, throughout the E U. S. Nat. of
Asia. This species has a red-leaved, red-stemmed, and red-flowered "RA
8. LONICERA L. Woody vines. Leaf-blades s or lobed on shoots.
Flowers in sessile axillary elusters. Hypanthium shor epals minute.
rolla mostly 2-lipped: tube more or less gibbous at the iu Berries austere’:
—About 80 species, mostly in the north temperate zone.—Spr._sum.—HoneEy-
SUCKLES. WOODBINES
Corolla-tube glabrous m 1. L. Caprifolium,
Corolla-tube pubescent with
e uds abruptly gibbous at the base.
Cor glabrous withou 2. L. dioic
Cor olla pubescent wi ithou 3. L. Her
Corolla-tube. Ve gibbous at the bas
Style pubes Ea t: corolla pale-yellow : laments pubescent
e the 4. L. Sullivantii.
Style glabrous : corolla deep-yellow or orange: filaments
Gorolla tuhé about 15 mm. long, eopiously pubescent
within: filaments as long bs the corolla-lips. 5. L. flavida.
Corolla-tube about 20 long, g labrous
sparingly pubescent within : filaments Soter ,
than the corolla-lips. 6. L. flava.
1. caprifolium L. "di twining vine, the twigs often pubescent: leaf- ea
UR oval, id uds , 2-7 em. long: corolla purple without; tube 2.5-3 e
long; limb id fading yellow
berry red. —Thickets and woods, various | ><
und Ga. to La., Mich., and N. Y.
Nat. of Eu. |
2. L. dioica L. A diffuse or twining v
FA c glabrous: c se "aliis,
ova long:
ov
Mis yellowish B pes with purple;
tube 10-12 m Eos [L. glauca Hil]— |
(MOUNTA nons KLE. lk S banks |
and dry hil sides, Bhe Ridge and more .
nih eap. Ga. o Ms. , Man., and
Que.—In the typical plant the | seals
the. eorolla- ii . bas
A form
of N.
d with "the pets ees up, thus Smg a stipe-like base to the
corolla-tube.
. L. glaucescens Rydb. A ae vine, the twigs ghee sparingly pubes-
cent: leaf-blades oe 9-12 em. long: visam glaueous (or glandular
and more o E r less escent in L. poe dy dasygyna) : KIA S or becom-
ing reddish; tube 8-1 10 mm. long.—Thickets and ravines, Blue Ridge and more
northern m N. C. io Okla., Sask., and Ont
4, L. Sullivantii z b ay. A twining vine, the twi igs glabrous: leaf-bl ades
d oval, or obovate, 2.5-8 cm. long: corolla pale-yellow; tube stout, as long
s the lips o slightly a Mia! oe various pa N of Coastal
Plain, Tenn. to Wisc. and Ont
5. L.flavida Cockerell. A traili ing or twining vine, the ys green: leaf- blades
oblanceolate to elliptic or rhombic-ovate, 8-12 ong: corolla light-yellow;
tube stout, longer than the lips. [L. pes Sal not Dippel ]—Bluffs and
shaded banks, Interior Low Plateaus, Tenn. and K
1276 VALERIANACEAE
6. L. flava Sims. A twining vine, the twigs green, glabrous: leaf-blades oval
or ovate, or rarely obovate or elliptic, 3-9 em. long: co orolla orange- a tube
slender, much longer than the lips.—Rocky woods, various provi s N of
Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., and N. C.
9. DIERVILLA [Tourn.] Mill. Shrubs. s with mostly toothed
blades. Flowers in dichotomous cym Hypanthium elongate. Sepals 5,
narrow. orolla unequally 5-lobed. are es e. 'Three species, as
follows :—Spr.-sum.
Leaf-blades petioled, ciliate 1. D. Diervilla.
Leaf-blades sessile or nearly so, not ciliate.
Le m pe glabrous beneath or essentially so: capsule 9-12
D. sessilifolia.
Leaf-blades pubescent beneath: capsule 5-6 mm. long. 2 D. rivularis
D. Diervilla (L.) Mae Shrub 5-15 dm. tall, the twigs terete: leaf-
blades oval to pre -ovate, 3—15 em. ud sepals 4-5 mm. long: corolla ird
turning red reddish: capsule gradua
long- "beaked. TD. trifida Ning need
—Rocky wo
inces, in Coastal Plain only northward, Ga.
to Mi ch., Man., and Newf.
2. D. sessilifolia Buckl. Shrub 5-
tall, er fae pubescent in lines: leaf- blades
3 e `
corolla greenish-yellow: capsule Wir
short- D the body ellipsoid.—Mt. w
Blue Ridge to d decia Plateau, Ga., "
Ala., Tenn., and N. C.
aris Gattinger. Shrub 5-20 dm. by the Dis ae pubescent:
t blades po to elliptie- Tu 3-8 e lon ng: als mm. long:
d yellow: eapsule gradually long- beaked, the ie Qs D —Damp
oods and r rocky banks, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala.,
Tean. pe N. C.
OrpER VALERIANALES — VALERIANAL ORDER
Caulescent or rarely acaulescent, succulent, coarse or woody plants.
Leaves opposite: blades entire, toothed, or divided. Flowers mainly per-
et. Calyx of partly united sepals, pappus-like, or obsolete. Corolla of
2—5 partly united petals. Androecium of usually fewer stamens than there
are petals. Gynoecium 1-3- -earpellary. Ovary inferior, 2 of the carpels
commonly abortive. Fruit an achene, or nut-like.
Gynoecium 3- carpellary, but with two of the cavities empty: flowers not in involu-
ads.
crate he Fam. 1. Te even
MM TEE 1- -earpellary : flowers in dense involucrate
eads. Fam. 2. MORINACEAE.
Famity 1. VALERIANACEAE — VALERIAN FAMILY
Annual or perennial, caulescent, succulent herbs. Leaves opposite:
blades et or pinnately divided. owers in variously disposed cymes.
Calyx of 3—5 sepals, or sometimes pappus-like, or obsolete. Corolla of 3-5
VALERIANACEAE 1277
dein united petals: tube often swollen or spurred. Androecium of 1-4
stamens: filaments adnate to the coro a ube. Gynoecium 3-carpellary
but aa 1 earpel fruetiferous. Ovary inferior. Fruit a kind of leathery
or erustaeeous nutlet— About 9 genera an 300 species, widely distributed.
Sepals becoming bristle-like or awn-like: fruit 1-celled : tall herbs often with divided
1.
leaf-bl ades VALERI IANA.
Sepals minute or wanting: fruit 3-celled: low herbs with undi-
vided 1 leaf-blades, 2. VALERIANELLA.
VALERIANA [Tourn.] L. Perennial T scented herbs or vines.
Leaf- zn entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Flowers perfect, in compact cymes.
Calyx with’ an inrolled limb which Bis expands and develops 5-15
plumose Ede Corolla funnelform or salverform. Stamens 3 or fewer.
Fruit 1-celled, the 2 abortive carpels appearing as 4 ridges. —About 175 species,
most aana in the cooler parts of the north temperate zone and the mts. of
outh America.
Corolla 1.5-2 mm. long : fruit pubescent : upper stem-leaves ternate. 1. V. scandens
. Corolla dE 20 mm. long: fruit glabrous: upper stem-leaves pinnate. 2. V. pauciflora.
V. scan dens L. "Vine: blades of the m leaves ovate, Vd, bracts 1-2
and hammocks, pen. Fla—(W. I. Mez.,
C. á., S. A.)—A1l year. |
2. V. pauciflora Michx. Plants 1 m. tall
or less: blades of the basal leaves des Or
Poe tee ir mostly toothed: braets 4—8
long: rescence congested: aie
Wn pink; ches less than 4 as long as the
tube: fruit oblong, 5-6 mm. lon -—Stream-
ich v
Va.— Late
ae are of very diverse habits, the one a
mpant vin e with inconspicuous on the
aie an Peur herb with flowers showy.
2. VALERIANELLA [Tourn.] Mill Annual, vernal, succulent pene
the stems dichotomous. eaf-blades entire, toothed, lobed, or pinn
Flowers perfect, in clustered or corymbose eymes. Calyx shallowly ne or
obsolete. . Corolla funnelform, white, pink, or blue. Stamens 3. Fruit with
the abortive carpels more or less elongate. About 50 species, natives of North-
ern Hemisphere.—Spr.-sum.—CORN-SALADS. LAMB'S-LETTUCES.
Corolla blue or es ae ot about twice as d as thick. 1. V. Locusta.
i fruit rida with broad and shal
groove between the sterile portions. 2. V. radiata.
Fruit ms the A Donde much smaller and narrower than
e ste erile „por
ra)
gc
03
[e]
Nn
e
Re]
=
o”
[e]
"1
o
Uu
n
n
mi».
Opt
"3
[e]
[en
ti
5
c
=
zu
e
ct
©
B
C2
. V. umbilicata.
Bit. eavities dilated and diSenment forming & saucer-
shaped body notched at both ends. 4. V. patellaria.
Enpo cavities contiguous, with an elliptic depression
between them . V. Woodsiana.
1278 MORINACEAE
V. Locusta (L.) MM E 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the stem-leaves
Fins Neu coroll ong: fruit about twice as enone as thick.
Lae ae toria Pu Dou thickets,
meadows, and waste-grounds, various a
ic Ala. to La., Idaho, Ont., Me., and
N.C. Nat. of Eu.
2. V. radiata (L.) Dufr. Stem dm
tall: blades of the upper stem- num D
ceolate to elliptic or ovate: fruits obovoid-
tetragonal.—Stream-banks, moist P
and oe various provinces, Fla. to
Minn., d N. Y.
. V. umbilicata (Sulliv.) Krok. Stem
1-3 dm. tall: blades of the upper stem-leaves
lanceolate: empty portion of the fruit with
a cross-shaped umbilieation.—Low grounds,
is pierces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ohio, N. Y., and Pa.
4. V. patellaria (Sulliv.) ee ts 1-4 dm. tall: blades of the upper stem-
leaves similar to those of : empty carpels of the fruits with a saucer-
shaped body notched at e ic end. Fi elds, pi s, and low grounds, various
provinees N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Ohio a a
V. Woodsiana (T. & G.) Walp. In habit and leaves resembling V. radiata:
fruits about 2 mm. long, with the fertile portions mu ch s eei r and narrower
j i
i
sion between them.—Moist banks and low grounds, various Bode. Tenn.
N. Y. and Pa.
Famity 2. MORINACEAE — TEASEL FAMILY
Annual or perennial, often priekly herbs, or woody plants. Leaves
u
tended by an involucel, commonly crowded on a receptacle and involucrate
Calyx a cup-like border or of several bristles. Corolla of 2-5 partially
united petals, sometimes 2-li droec of 2—4 stamens: filamen
e ecium
adnate to the corolla-tube. Gynoec cium l-earpellary. Ovary inferior
Fruit an achene crowned with a calyx.—About 7 genera and 150 species,
natives of the Old World.
DIPSACUS [Tourn.] L. Coarse prickly herbs. Leaf-blades often
commode: -perfoliate. Flower-heads globular or elongate. Involucral bracts rigid.
Calyx cup-like, sometimes 4-lobed. Corolla
tubular-funnelform. Ovary enclosed in the
involucel. Achenes §8-ribbed.—About 15
species, natives of the Old World
1. D. sylvestris Huds. Biennial, 1-2.5 m
tall: “blades of the ae ~ lanceolate,
entir ds ovoid, 5-6 long, the in-
a pos rough: mus d l mm.
long: corolla 11—13 mm. long; lobes 4, o.
7 d dly ovate: stamens exserted : achen s 5
long.— (‘TEASEL. )— — Fields and o
Sho various (oia Fla. to Tex., Ont
and Me. Nat — Sum
ASARACEAE 1279
ORDER ARISTOLOCHIALES — AnisrOLOCHIAL ORDER
Herbs, shrubs, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades mostly eordate or
hastate. Flowers perfect, often conspicuous. Hypanthium mostly adnate
to the ovary. Calyx regular or very irregular. Corolla wanting or rudi-
mentary. Androecium of as many stamens as there are calyx lobes or
more. Gynoecium of usually 6 united earpels. Fruit a capsule
Famity 1. ASARACEAE — BrgTHwORT FAMILY
Perenni bn herbs, shrubs, or vines. Leaves alternate: blades sometimes
ally
many stamens. Gynoecium of 4-6 united earpels. Ovary m mostly in-'
ferior. Fruit eapsular.—About 6 id um and 200 species, widely dis-
tributed.
Acaulescent herbs: calyx regular, persistent: capsule fles
d E E filaments shorter than the anthers: d es distinct: leaves per-
1 ASTYLIS.
Ovary "inferio or: filaments longer than the anthers: styles
nited : leaves deciduous 2. ASARUM.
Chylescent herbs or vines: Salve irregular, deciduous: capsule
3. ARISTOLOCHIA.
HEXASTYLIS Raf. Acaulescent gingerous herbs. Leaves 1 every
year: blades lustrous above. Flower-stalk subtended by a bract. ypanthium
terete, glabrous without epals green or purplish en dark-purple, and
sometimes blotched within, persisten psule enveloped in the calyx and
g
hypanthium. Seeds flattened.—Eight species, as fol ows.—Spr. or spr.-sum.—
The leaves are evergreen with coriaceous blades.—HEART-LEAFS.
ponds of a broadly ovate type, varying to suborbicular or reniform, not has-
ae and calyx of an urceolate type in anthesis.
Hypanthium and calyx 3-4 cm. long, the lobes over
1 cm. wide. 1. H. Shuttleworthü.
Hypanthium tie calyx 1-2 cm. long, the lobes less
than 1 wide.
Calyx- MB o ver 1.5 em. wide in anthesis; lobes
nearly or pim half as long as the tube. 2. H. virginica.
ee less than 1.5 cm. wide in anthesis;
lobes very short. . H. Memmingeri.
Hypanthium and ca alyx of a ener or turbinate-
ate type e. So ers . H. heterophylla.
Calyx without 2. decided limb, the lobes erect or some-
what sprea
Hypanthium Bud calyx ovoid-urceolate, the small lobes
erect, the tube not constricted.
Hypanthium and calyx campanulate- ucc the
e
H. Ruthii.
b
TA di poner E of an ovate type. 6. H. catlifolia.
B
H. arifolia.
Calyx with a salver-campanulate limb surmounting the
tube. 8. H. speciosa.
1. H. Shuttleworthii (J. Britten) pues Leaf-blades orbieular, varying to
ovate or somewhat rhombie, 5-8 em. long, the sinus narrow: hypanthium and
1280 ASARACEAE
calyx long-ureeolate, 3-9 cm. long; o e
broad, ascending a pr reading, and more f- N E
less ineurved at t tip: anther-saes 3 mm. REN ies gs
Um PN e m
V
cid v
mont to Appalachian "Valley, Ala. to Tenn.,
and S Va.
2. H. virginica (L.) Small. Leaf-blades
narrow: gat eed und ealyx short-urceo-
te, 1-2 long; lobes broad, p
die : "urine -2. lon
t Ne
nective
nes styles about 4 mm. long: seed about 3 mm. long. [Asarum virginicum L.]
s often in aeid soil, various provinces, especially Coastal Plain, S. C. to
Tenn., W. Va., and V
H. Mem (Ashe) een Leaf-blades suborbicular to orbicular-
ovate or Kerpen cu em. long, the sinus often narrow or closed:
hypanthium and ealyx us reels 1-1.5 em. long; lobes broad, erect or
ecg spreading: anther-sacs 2.5 mm. long, not exceede by the connective-
tip: styles 2.5 mm. long: ae about 2 mm. long.—Acid woods, inner Piedmont
to i m Plateau, Ga. to W. Va. and S Va. `
4. H. 2 Soe ene Leaf-blades orbicular-reniform to orbicular-
ovate or triangular-ova m. long: euro and ealyx turbinate or
turbinate- vid anulate, 25 p ong; lobes very broad, somewhat spreading:
anther-saes about 2.5 mm. long, D iehily AT by the minute connective-tip:
styles 2-2.5 mm. long: o about 2.5 mm. long.—Woods, Piedmont, to Appa-
lachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala. W. Va., and S Va.
5. H. Ruthii (Ashe) Small Leaf-blades hastate, E from individually
ovate to broadly tri angular in outline, 8-15 em. long: hypanthium and calyx
ith g
the eck: anther-sacs 2-2. long, much exceeded by the narrow
e EA tes seed e 3 mm. jos Rich woods, Blue Ridge to end EUM
Plateau, Ala. to Tenn. S Va.
6. H. callifolia Small. Leaf-blades ovate, 5-9 cm. long: hypanthium and
b “beens urceolate, with re ME more or less spreading lobes surmount-
ing & broad neck: anther- -sacs about 4 mm. long, much exceeded by the broad
connective- -tip— Woo ods, N Fla.
H. arifolia (Michx.) Small. is pos hastate varying from individually
. lon
ovate to deltoid or reniform in outline, 5—1.2 c ng: hypanthium and ealyx
o wit broad. spreading pue surmounting the constricted neck:
anther-sacs e " mm. long, slightly exceeded by the minute connective-tips: seeds
ong. [Asarum arifolium Michx. ]-— Rich Or toe woods, various
about 3m
provinees, Fia. to Ala., Tenn., and S Va.
8. H. Aia: Er d: De blades ind dn 6-12 em. long: hypanthium
amen salv rm, calyx conspicuous, the hemispheric base sur-
are d dy a , cap- Jike limb with 3 broad aie parallel-lined lobes: anther
a 3 mm. long, the connective broadly rounded at the apex which slightly ex-
ceeds the sacs styles 2-2.5 mm. long.—Rich woods, Autauga Co., in the Coastal
Plain of A
f
ASARACEAE 1281
ASARUM [Tourn.] L. Acaulescent gingerous herbs. Leaves in pairs:
T not lustrous. Flower-stalks arising between the petioles. Hypanthium
d pubescent. Sepals brown within, deciduous. Capsule ed Seeds
——About 20 species, natives of Loi north temperate one = Spi .—The
de are not evergreen, with thick- ous blad HEU GINGERS.
Sepals triangular, merely acute, about as long as the hypanthium or Pa se
1. reflexum.
Sepa lanceolate-acuminate, longer than the hypanthiu
p n ed longer than the hypanthium, i tubular por-
g:
species mainly Alleghen 2. A. canadense.
Sepals ach: longer than the hypanthium, the EAT por-
n 10-20 mm. long: species campestrian 3. A. acuminatum.
1. A. reflexum Bicknell. Leaf-blades reniform, 6-14 wide, the sinus
owers smaller than those of the preceding Bi ` sepals 8-10 mm.
k
i —
hillsides and rich woods, various provinces
N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Kans., Ia., and ;
' Conn. i
2. A. canadense L. Leaf-blades reniform,
ide, the sinus closed: hypanthium
the tubular portions curving upwar
woods and rocky hillsides, various provinces,
N. C. to Ark., (La.?), Ont., and N. B.
p aei bd eure dun epa
lar bu ore pubesce
bd n pid Hay een sepals gradu.
ally acuminate, the tubular tips recurved-
spreading.— Woods, Blue Ridge and are northern provinces, Tenn to Minn.
TA ETRE Peattie is said to differ from A. canadense and A.
wm by its larger flowers and less pubescent 1 leaf-blades, and also Gon the
ene by its qudd sepals. It occurs in the mountains of N. C.
3. ARISTOLOCHIA [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs, shrubs, or vines
Leaves with narrow or broad blades. Flowers irregular, often S-shaped or
c a ‘‘dutch pipe,’’ the calyx usually corolloid. Hypanthium often
rib ary inferior. Styles united aang an ee —
meu duae Mic 200 species, in tropic
c"
(gs)
Erect herbs: flowers borne at the base of the stem: calyx-tube swollen at each end.
I. HASTATAE.
Twining vines: flowers borne along the branches.
Herbaceous vines: calyx-tube swollen at the base: calyx-
limb expanded on one side: stamens 5. II. PENTANDRAE.
Woody vines: calyx-tube swollen m "e middle :. calyx-
limb expanded on all sides: stamens 6. III. MACROPHYLLAE.
I. HASTATAE
Plant sparingly and indistinctly pubescent with soft hairs:
capsule sparingly pubescent.
Leaf-blades hastate, delicate: capsule 5-6 mm. long or
rarely longer. 1. A. hastata.
Leaf-blades not hastate, membranous: capsule about 1 cm.
lang. 2. A. Serpentaria.
Plant manifestly pubescent with stiff spreading hairs: cap- -
sule copiously pubescent. 3. A. convolvulacea.
8l
1282 ASARACEAE
II. PENTANDRAE.
Diffusely twining vine with fleshy leaf-blades and globular
drooping capsules. 4. A. pentandra.
III. MACROPHYLLAE
Young foliage densely tomentose: leaf-blades coriaceous:
hypanthium tomentose 5. A. tomentosa.
Young foliage md pubescent or glabrous: leaf-blades
membranous : hypanthium glabrous. 6. A. macrophylla.
1. A. hastata Nutt. Plant ir Las, $i dm. tall: leaf- s M thin,
linear to lanceolate, hastate, 2 ong: flowers about long:
ant d
e or Beier rple: ae ule 5-11 m
diam eed 3.5-4 m see ve with eae
a papillae on the face. x Nash
Kearney] — (SNAKEROOT.) — Damp woods,
various i Fla. to Ta. RE S Va.—
Sum.
A. Serpentaria L. Plant dark-green, 1—4
dm. tall: leaf-blades ree -laneeolate to
oval- en E ra ie eolate, 4-1
long; fiov 1-1.5 one: hypanthium
villous- fe ae ne purple; limb ob-
tusely 3-lobed: capsule about 10 mm. in
diameter: seed about 4 mm. OE with many
approximate papillae on its ce.—( VIR
NIA-SNAKEROOT. )—Rich w Dod. pues provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., Mich.,
and Conn.—Spr.—fall.
3. A. convolvulacea Small. Plant bristly-pubescent, 1-3 dm. tall: leaf-blades
broadly ovate to oval, 2-8 em. long: flowers about 1.5 em. Ei hypanthium
densely hirsute: calyx purplish; limb 3-lobed: sir 6-8 mm. in diameter.
— Woods, Piedmont to Appalachian Plateau, Ga.—Spr.-sum.
4. A. pentandra Jacq. Stem reclining in twining: leaf-blades ovate, 4-10
em. long: hypanthium minutely pubescent: calyx nearly straight, greenish or
purplish, the limb ni cs erect: capsule globular, 15-20 mm. long, wing-
angle d: see a blaek, ne . lo ong.—Coastal hammocks, S Pen. "Fla. and the
Key —(W. I.)— All yea
A. tomentosa Sims. Stem s high-elimbing, the branches down
leaf-blades ete to suborbicular, 10-18 em. long, rounded at the apex: Enn.
wanting: calyx abruptly bent dod the sone the or mb 2-2.5 em. wide, yellow-
ish or greenish-yellow, except the pu urple orifice, rugose: capsule 4—6 em. long.
(PIPEVINE.)— Woods, various provinces, Fla. to Okla., Mo., Ill, and N. C.—Spr.
1311
6. A. phylla La Stem greatly elongate, climbing, the branches dd
brous or nearly so: leaf- “blades suborbieular to broadly ovate, 5-25 cm. lon
abruptly acute or obtuse: peduncles 1-2 em. long: calyx abruptly bent Ebor
the ovary, the limb 2-3 em. wide, brown or yellowish, veiny: capsule 5—6 cm.
long. [4. Sipho L'Her.]—(DUTCHMAN'S PIPE. pid various provinces
N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Kans., Minn., and Pa.—Spr.-
Aristolochia maxima L. of tropical America and cultivated, with large
variegated flowers aa aa 1-1.5 dm. long, has escaped from cultivation
into hammocks in
CUCURBITACEAE 1283
OnpER CAMPANULALES — CAMPANULAL ORDER
rbs, or rarely shrubs or trees. Leaves ko alternate: blades
He
simple, entire, or divided. Flow onoecious or dioecious,
sometimes irregular Hypanthium- ell: dev eise d. alyx of several dis-
tinet or partly united sepals. Corolla of several distinet or partly united
petals. Androecium of 1-5 stamens. Anthers distinct or connate.
Gynoecium of 1-several united carpels, the ovary wholly or partially in-
ferior. Fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous. |
nee variously disposed, but not in heads.
wers monoecious or dioecious : plant usually tendril-
bearing vines: LE wanting.
Flowers perfect or mainly so: herbs or shrubs: endo-
sperm present.
Fam. 2. CAMPANULACEAE.
Corolla irregular, split on one side:
n EE S united around the style: stigma naked :
Fam. 1. CAMPANUTACEAE,
Fam. 3. LOBELIACEAE.
nthers separate: stigma surrounded by a cup-
ike indusium: suceulent shrubs.
Flowers bolt on a flat or elongate receptacle.
Famiiy 1. CUCURBITACEAE — GourD FAMILY
Vines, usually tendril-bearing. Leaves alternate: blades palmately
di
or pedately veined, and commonly lobed. Flowers monoecious or dioe-
cious. Calyx or 5, or rarely 6, distinet or partly united sepals.
Fam. 4. BRUNNONIACEAE.
Fam. 5. CALYCERACEAE.
adherent to the calyx. Androecium of 3 stamens (2 anthers 2-celled and
1 anther l-eelled), or rarely of 1, 2, 4, or 5 stamens. Filaments some-
times united. Anthers straight or ' bent. Gynoecium 1-several-earpellary.
Styles united. Fruit a fleshy or partly dry berry (pepo) —About 90
genera and 700 species, mostly tropieal.
Stamens distinct or with the fila pd partly united.
Anther-saes straight or merely curved.
Anther-saes S-shaped or AA sh aped,
Stamens united into a colu
Tribe I. MELOTHRIEAE.
Tribe II. CUCURBITEAE.
Tribe III. SICYOIDEAE.
I. MELOTHRIEAE
Slender trailing or climbing, mostly monoecious vines.
II. CUCURBITEAE
1. MELOTHRIA.
irs horizontal, numerous.
rolla rotate.
uc thers distin .
lyx with 2 or 3 scales at the bottom within. 2. MOMORDICA.
Calyx without buoni Scales within
Staminate flowers racemose: frui t dry . 3. LUFFA.
Staminate flowers solitary or in n fruit
fleshy.
Anther-saes not surpassed by the connective:
tendrils branched. 4. CITRULLUS.
Anther-saes PLE by the connective: teri-
5. Cucumis.
drils simple
; 6. oe
T.
Ovules erect or E 1—4 in each cavity. 8. du
III. SICYOIDEAE
Corolla campanulate: fruit smooth.
Corolla rotate: fruit bristly or echinate.
Pistillate flowers mostly solitary: ovary 2- or 3- celled, with
ules: fruit bladdery, few seeded, opening at th
9. COCCINEA,
apex. : 10. MICRAMPELIS.
Pistillate flowers clustered : ovary 1-celled, with one ovule:
fruit succulent, indehiscent. 11. Sicyos.
1284 CUCURBITACEAE
1. MELOTHRIA L. | Slender Ra e vines. Leaves with toothed or
lobed blades. Flowers mainly m Hypanthi of the pistillate
flowers relatively nid) Corolla xim pn of the ei late flowers relative
short, about 8 mm. broad (in our species), that of the staminate flower Ee.
Bow juicy, the rind tender. Seed flat——About 70 species, natives of warm
and tropical i E eee MELONETTES.
Berry. ellipsoid or ov
Stem climbing: leat blades longer than wide, the lobes angular: berry dark-
urple or blacki 1. M. pendula.
Stem trailing or Dinos Jeaf-blades wider than long, the
lobes low and rounded: berry green and somewhat varie-
ga 2. M. crassifolia.
Berry globose or subglobose.
erry r 10 mm. in diameter: leaf-blades deeply lobed. 3. M. Nashii.
Berry loss than 10 mm. in diameter: leaf-blades shallowly
. lobed. . M. microcarpa.
M. pendula L. Leaves glabrous or nearly so (or with hispidulous petioles
oa m Fed blades in M. pendula noue blades suborbieular to ovate
in outline, 3-8 em. wi with 3-5 angular
shallow-toothed lobes; petioles hispid: hy-
panthium glabrous or pubescent: iid ellip-
soid or oval, 10-25 mm. long.—Swamps an d
thiekets, various provinces, |a to Tex. Mo.,
and S Pa.— (AM ez.) —Spr.-fall.
M. crassifolia Small. Leaf-blades sub-
HEREIN ‘renifo rm, or ovate in outline, 3-8
em. wide, 1 3-9 i bud shallow-toothed
lobes: usce dm glabrou ps ddl
berry ellipsoid or oval, 10 “95 long.—
Al
eas mocks, pen. Fla. 'and the uc
yea
Nashii E Leaf-blades d
suborbieular to angular-ovate in outlin
2-3.5 em. long, 5 5 lobed, the lobes entire or Pans l or 2 teeth or small did
Seis pour Du globose, 12-15 mm. in diameter.—Pinelands, pen. Fla.
Spr.- fall.
M. x pd Shuttlw. Leaf- blades thinnish, commonly as long as wide,
1-3 em. long, 3—5-lobed, the lobes irregularly toothed: a hispidulous:
berry globose, 7-9 mm. in diameter.—Thickets, Appalachian Plateau, Ala.—
r.-sum.
2. MOMORDICA L. Annual or perennial vines. Leaves with entire,
lobed, or pedately dissected blades. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Sta-
minodia of the pistillate flowers gland-like, or wanting. Stalk of the staminate
flowers bracted. Style slender. Stigmas 3. Berry warty.—About 25 species,
native of the Old World Tropics.—The plants flower most of the year.
Leaf-blades with as or acutish teeth: bract entire, at the ee or base of the
staminate pedun M. Charantia.
Leaf-blades with Gane teeth: bract toothed, at the apex of
the staminate peduncle. 2. M. Balsamina.
1. M. Charantia L. Stem ereeping or climbing, often greatly elongate: leaf-
blades ner em. wide, 5—7-lobed, the lobes with acutish or obtuse teeth, villous
CUCURBITACEAE 1285
or glabrate: sepals oval or oval-ovate, 94.5 5
mm. long: corolla yellow about e
berry 4-1 . long, golden-yellow: seed
elliptic, 9-12 mm. long or cede! lar A
D PPLE.)—Ham ick-
ets, and waste-places, outer Coastal E.
Fla. to Tex.— — Or. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
2. M. Balsamina L. Stem ERE e
much- uns ER gu blades 3-8 wide,
3—5-lobed, the lobes with a um teeth;
petioles usually PSI: sepals elliptie,
about 6 mm. long: corolla golden-yellow pus
iod or black at pu Mons about 2.5 e
wide berry 3-6 long, orange: seed
3. LUFFA L. Annual vines. Leaves with 5-7-lobed blades. Flow
monoecious. Corolla yellow, pink, or whitish. Staminodia of the a
flowers 3. Style columnar. Stigmas 3, each
-lobed. Berry elongate, ribbed.—About 7
speeies, all but 1 in the Old World tropics.
1. L. cylindrica (L.) Roem. Stem and
branches ribbed: leaf- ee E in
me mostly 1-3 road -T-
lobed, the ae eee toothed: sepals
lanceolate to triangular- E those s
the pistilla a He about tw s long as ©
those of the sta pea Cle prm aa
r 10-12 em. wide, that
Roadsides, waste-places, and thickets, ar
Fla. Nat. of Old World tropies.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—AIl year.
. CITRULLUS Schrad. Annual or perennial vines. Leaves with lobed
blades. Flowers monoecious. Staminodia of the p flowers prominent.
Style short. Stigmas reniform. Berry
smooth. — About 4 species, Asiatie and
African a
1. C. Citrullus (L.) Small. Stem trailing, (:
with spre D boe sp s ovate in.
r near
6 dm g, smoot ble:
(WATE .) e-places, woo
pinelands, and roadsides, various provinces,
la and N. C. tropical
Africa.—Spr.—fall—The watermelon pl
is too sensitive to cold to become a per-
manent member of our flora.
1286 CUCURBITACEAE
5. CUCUMIS L. Annual or perennial vines. Leaves with toothed or
promin En To obed blades. Flowers monoecious. Coro e rotat aminodia
f the pistillate flowers obsolete or wanting. Style short. B sus obtuse.
Berry rugose or echinate.—About 25 species, mostly Asiatie and African
Corolla 3-5 em. broad: fruit not prickly. 1. C. Melo.
Corolla 1—1.5 cm. broad: fruit prickly. 2. C. Anguria.
1. C. Melo L. Stem stout: leaf-blades oe to suborbicular, 1.5 dm. long
or less, merely sree or shallowly lobed: corolla 3-5 cm. wide, yellow: fruit
elo ri or Pe sed, Ere — (MEL ae SN TA-
LO Musk E inelands, cult. grounds, and
ee Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat . of
Asia and cult.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
2. C. Anguria L. Stem slender: leaf o mostly
5-8 em. long, deeply 3-5-lobed: corolla 1-1.5 em
wide, yellow: fruit oval to sip ce dum Gu e.
WEST-INDIAN GHERKIN. GOOSE-BERRY ds mis |
ets and Nag es Coastal p Fla. to Tex., ie È
Ga.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—These ee spec
of Cutomis, 'althou ugh not Dome oT in
our range, continue to appea
6. CUCURBITA [Tourn.] L. Annual vines. Leaves with lobed blades.
Flowers monoecious or rarely dioecious. Corolla rotate. Staminodia wanting.
Stigmas erect, 2-lobed. Berry variable in shape, the
rind smooth, woody.—One species.
1. C. Lagenaria L. Plant musk- scented, clammy-
pubescent: leaf-blades a to triangular or orbicu-
lar-ovate, 1-3-dm. long, sinuate or denticulate: corolla
white with greenish veins, 5-7 wide; lobes broad
d d, erose-crenate: berry usually somewhat
clavate. [Lagenaria Lagenaria Cockerell. ]J—(
CAL ) ickets and waste-
places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. Nat. of Old
World tropies and cult.— —(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
7. PEPO [Tourn.] Mil. Annualor perennial vines. Leaves with toothed
or lobed blades. Flowers monoecious. Corolla oo typically large.
Pistillate flowers with staminodia. Ovary 1-celle
tigmas 2-lobed. Berry fleshy, with a tough rind.—
About 10 species, American, African, and Asiatie.—
PUMPKINS. GOURDS.
. Pepo okeechobeensis Small. Annual with clammy
pubescent foliage oe un ced forked id
- a de E 2 ue orbicular-reniform
utlin dm vide ace ly cordate, shallowly
5- -- bed, ds lobes peste dentate: flowers pedi-
celled: hypanthi ium Paso cent: sepals subulate or
subulate-lanceolate: corolla cream- oed mpan
late, finely Sea, the lobes ru -crenulate : Dos (pepo) ier UN E:
m. in diameter, bright-green and usually flecked and somewhat streaked w
whitish or dark- -green spots: seeds oe 8-12 mm. long, idus
CUCURBITACEAE 1987
OKEECHOBEE-GOURD).—Hammocks, about Lake Okeechobe ee, Fla.—Spr.-sum.—
pr.
DE: relatives, sometimes met with in the field are: the field-pumpkin (Pepo
Pepo (L. har ge igh
erm and usually larger orange-colored fruits, nativity M in S0-
uchesne i i
squash
hapes, known in Florida as the Seminole- ine a may ae found monem g
wild Een Indian settlements and abandoned camp s
8. CAYAPONIA me Vines. Leaves with toothed or lobed blades.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Corolla rotate or broadly campanulate, rela-
tively small. Pistillat ne with staminodia. Ovary 3-celled; smooth.
Stigmas dilated. Berry juicy, with a tender rind.—A bout 60 species, American.
i cres nat decurrent on the petiole: anther fre
y oval, less than 1.5 cm. long: leaf-blades "usually less than 1 cm. wide.
. C. Boykinii.
BE D over 1.5 em. long: leaf-blades usually over
wide. 2. C. grandifolia.
Leaf-blade « e on the petiole: anthers coherent. 9. C. racemosa.
1. C. Boykinii (T. & G.) Cogn. Stem finely pubescent: leaf-blades thickish;
9—10 cm. long, 3-angled or 3-lobed, sparingly ecd beneath; ee bristly
villous: corolla greenish- white, the staminate
0-6 mm. wide: berry 12-14 mm. long:
mm. long. [Tria $0518 Boylkinu
o E UE streams, Coastal Plain, Ga.
2. C. grandifolia (T. & G.) Small. Stem
sparingly pubescent: leaf- blades “thin, 12-18
em. long, 3-lobed; petioles softly villous:
ae greenish-white, ed staminate 7—9
wide: ber 6-20 Eon —Bottom-
lands, Coastal Plain, Miss | to La. and Ark,
— Sum
3. C. E (Sw.) Cogn. Stem glabrous
or nearly ']eaf-blades thick, 6-13 em.
long, 3- lobed. a DNE beneath ; petioles glabrous or nearly so: stami-
nate eorolla 8-10 m m. wide, greenish: berry ellipsoid to oval, M durs . long:
seed 9-10 mm. long. Eds Everglade Keys, Fla —(W. I.)—Spr sum.
9. COCCIN . & A. Perennial dioecious vines. Leaves with angu-
late or Ei E os blades. s campanulate, relatively targe: Pistil-
h taminodia. ;
a
Ovary smooth and glabrous. Sa smooth.
Seeds numerous.—About a dozen species,
natives of the Old World tropics.
1. C. cordifolia (L.) Cogn. Stem glabrous,
climbing T blades aa to orbieular in
outlin em. long, 3-5-lobed, cordate,
slender petioled ane subulate or linear-
area long, reflexed: corolla
whi oy em eae berry “ellipsoid or obo-
void, X ng um scarlet.—Ham orgy pen.
Fla. Nat. of Asia.—(W. I., Mex., C. A.
S. A.)—-All year.
1288 CUCURBITACEAE
. MICRAMPELIS Raf. Annual or perennial vines. Leaves with angu-
late or lobed blades. Flowers monoecious. Corolla rotate, abs small.
Pistillate flowers usually solitary, with stami- as S
nodia y echinate. s lobed.
Berry echinate, fibrous within, the rind
tough. Seeds not filling M eavities.— -
About 25 species, American
1. M. lobata (Michx.) Greene. Stem and
branches tender: leaf-blades 4—15 cm. long,
y 3 i
lipsoid to wo oe mm. long,
acp at the apex. pes ystis lobata
T.: — (WILD BALSAM-APPLE. MOCK-APPLE. )— Stream -banks and thickets,
various provinces, Ga. to Tex., Colo., Sask., and N. B.—Sum
11. SICYOS L. Annual monoecious vines. Leaves with angulate or
lobed blades. Corolla rotate, relatively small. Pistillate flowers clustered,
without staminodia. vary and berry
bristly. Seeds filling the cavity ——About 35
species, Ameriean and Australian.
ul and branches
viseid- -pubescent: leaf- blades 6-15 e ide,
g r 5-lobed, the se distinctly
BER. n —Thickets, stream-banks, and cult.
grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Minn., and Que.—Sum.-fall.
Famity 29. CAMPANULACEAE — BELL-FLOWER FAMILY
Herbs or woody plants. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or
lobed. Flowers perfect, regular, sometimes dimorphous. Calyx of 5
sepals, or fewer in cleistogamous flowers. Corolla of 5 partly united.
petals. Androecium of » a stamens. Gynoecium 2-d5-carpellary,
the ovary more or less ruit capsular. eu: 40 genera. and.
more than 1,000 species, pos distributed.
Style with pollen-collecting hairs: fiülaments free or nearly so: corolla usually val-
vat r induplicate in the e bu |
Corolla CORRER MG or funnelform : inflorescence race-
"^ mose or pontem te. 1. CAMPANULA.
E rota
Flowers axillary |
Flowers A spi ike es. |
Style declined : flowers complete throughout. :
Style straight : flowers various, the earlier ones
cleisto ous. 4. SPECULARIA.
ipis without PAIS EHE hairs: oo adnate to the
rolla: corolla imbricate in the bu 5. SPHENOCLEA.
t2
. ROTANTHA.
e
CAVIPANTTASTRIN
CAMPANULACEAE 1289
CAMPANULA [Tourn.] L. Perennial or sometimes annual herbs.
Leaf- ea entire, toothed, or lobed. Flowers pre all alike and complete.
ypanthium relatively short in age. Corolla campanulate to funnelform.
Stamens included. Capsule opening by lateral or basal perforations or valves.
—About 250 species, natives of the Northern Hemisphere.—BE LLFLOWERS.
Style shorter than the corolla or sometimes about equalling it: leaf-blades entire or
slightly toothed. C. aparinoides.
Style exceeding the corolla : leaf-blades laciniately toothed. X
C. aparinoides Pursh. Ste 6 dm. long, priekly throughout: leaf- bcp
1-3.5 em. lo ong, those of A leave linear to lanceolate: sepals o
triangular- ova 1.5-2 long: corolla fS
"white, pale blue, or pink, 5- 8 mm. ims a
sule globose-obovoid: seed about 0. : mm
/7
Du smooth. — (MAR S. BELLFLOWER. ) -—
Acid swamps, meadows and d runs, NA M
various eee, Ga. to Ky., Colo., and NO,
M um.
2. C. flexuosa Michx. Stem 2-10 dm.
smooth: leaf-blades 2-12 em. lo ong, ie
late. to ar geen nears or elliptic: sepals
subulate, 4-6 mm. long: corolla violet-blue
wrinkled. [C. divaricata Michx. |] — Cliff
and woods often in acid soil, Blue [uus n Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala.,
, W. Va., and W Md.—Sum .—fal
Campanula persicifolia L., a native of Europe, up to 1 m. tall, with spatu-
late to linear leaf-blades and large blue or white corollas 2-2.5 em. wide, has
escaped from gardens, W N. C.
2. ROTANT Small Annual or perennial, smooth, ‘diffuse herbs.
Leaf-blades entire, or obscurely or shallowly toothed. Flowers perfect, all
alike an mplete. Hypanthium short. Corolla rotate. Stamens exserted.
Capsule opening by perforations — Two species, natives of Florida.
Corolla 14-18 mm. wide: sepals nearly or quite as long as the .
ee capsule obovoid. 1. R. floridana.
Corolla 7-8 mm. wide: sepals less than half as long as the
corolla. lobes : capsule subglobose. 2. R. Robinsiae.
1. R. floridana (S. Wats.) Small. Perennial: stems and bran ches diffusely
a pee often intertwined, 2-4 dm. long: leaf- blades narrowly ben ind
oblanceolate, linear, or linear-lanceolate, 1-4
em. long, obseure ly toothed: hypanthium
obo vate-turbinate: e enhance
to linear-subulate, mm. long: corolla
d E sos lanceolate: Nes
3—4 ong: capsu 3—4 mm.
ule obovoid,
long. Cam daa P pbs ana SB. Wats.]—
Grassy swamps marshes, E Fla. and
the pen.—All yea
2. R. Robinsiae Small. Ann stem with
several or many slender erect ae 0.5-1
dm. tall: leaf-blades puede to elliptic,
lanceolate, or e, or rarely narrower,
0.3-1.2 cem. long, entire or sharply few
1290 CAMPANULACEAE
s A eae subglobose: sepals lanceolate to subulate- E.
1-1 . long: corolla violet or blue; lobes elliptic; anthers 1-1.5 . lon
s cuo lobosc e, 2-2.5 mm. in diameter. [ Campanula aad Small
Grassy slopes of Chinsegut Hill, near Brooksville, Fla.—Spr.-fall.
3. CAMPANULASTRUM Small. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaf-blades
toothed. Flowers perfect and complete. Hypanthium elongate in age.
Corolla rotate. Stamens exserted. Capsule (ZAR
opening by subapieal valves. Seed flattish,
broad, margined.—One species.
C. americanum (L.) S canes Plant 2-20
dm. tall, often widely branched: blades of
the upper leaves bem jas te, 5-12 em
long, acuminate: sepals linear-subulate, 6-10
* [6] S p
mm. long: corolla blue or white; lobes 10
13 em. E eapsule turbinate-clavate, 8—10
mm. long: seed oval, about 1.5 mm. long.—
Rich: ooo and ro cky river-banks, various
Er Fla. to Ark., S. Dak., and N. B.
—Sum
4. SPECULARIA [Heist.] Fabr. Annual or biennial herbs. Leaf-
blades toothed. Flowers dimorphous, the earlier ones with 3 or 4 sepals a and
undeveloped corollas, the later ones with 5 sepals and rotate corolla. Capsule
o opening by lateral valves.—About 10 species, in the Northern Hemi-
Sp —VENUS'S LOOKING-GLASSES.
Leaf-blades clasping, usually fully as wide as long: capsule with ar valves near
the middle. 1. S. perfoliata.
Leaf- ce sessile, longer than wide: capsule with the valves at
the 2. S. biflora.
1. S. perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Stem 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades suborbicular to
triangular-ovate: corolla purple, 10—15 mm. wide: capsule ellipsoid-prismatic or
obeonie, 5-6 mm. long: seed oval, about 0.5 o
mm. long Woods, elds, and waste-places,
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., bus i C.,
and coupes I., Mex., C. S. A.)—
Sum
2. S. biflora (R. & P.) F. & M. Stem 1-5
dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic or
lanceolate above: corolla purple, 15-20
. mm. :
6-9 mm. m seed nearly 1 mm. long.—
Fields and open places, various m
Fla. to Tex., Calif., Kans., and Que.— (W. I.,
Mex.)—Spr.—fall.
5. SPHENOCLEA Gaertn. Annual herbs. Leaf-blades entire. Flowers
all alike, borne in a continuous dense spike. Sepals broad. Corolla short-
LOBELIACEAE 1291
campanulate: lobes short. Stamens with
S
sile, the lid and calyx adnate.—One species.
S. zeylanica Gaertn. Plant 2-13. dm
above: jid 3-1le . lo ong: sepals broadly
ovate, 1.5 m mos t corolla white or green-
ish, about 2 mm. lon ng, the ov a s about
as long as the tube: capsule m. wide.
—Low Eois Coastal Pisin, Ta to Ark.
Nat. of the Old World jopies —(. L;
Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Spr.-
FAMILY 3. LOBELIACEAE — LosELiA FAMILY
erbs, or rarely trees, the sap often milky. Leaves alternate: blades
entire, toothed, or parted. Flowers perfect, or rarely dioecious, irregular.
C
mostly 2-earpellary, the ovary more or less inferior. Fruit ae or
baceate.—About 20 genera and 600 species, widely distributed.
1. LOBELIA ape. L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades entire
or toothed. Flowers in spikes, or panicles. Hypanthium mostly
ribbed. Sepals e or often ini ae sometimes with basal ap-
pendages.. Corolla uan colored or white: upper lip 2-lobed: lower lip 3-
lobed. Anthers in a ring around the ce 2 often smaller than the others.
Ovary 2-celled. Capsule ad ed.—About 225 species, rad distributed.—In
the following descriptions cauline leaves are considered.
Corolla red (pink or white forms are rare). I. CARDINALES.
Corolla i or white, or blue variegated ies white. ~~~
Flowers large ( corolla- tube over 1 cm. a `N
t scape-like, leafy to the infloreó II. SIPHILITICAE.
Stem scape-like, leafy at the base, the Mid leaves
reduced and remote. III. PALUDOSAE.
Flowers small (corolla-tube less than 1 cm. long).
IV. APPENDICULATAE.
Blades of the c auline leaves sessile.
Upper cauline leaves with broad blades, at
un. oo linear: raceme spike-like, con-
tin V. SPICATAE.
Doer. cauline leaves with narrow, usually
linear, filiform blades: raceme rela-
tively Tew flowered, open VI. NUTTALLIANAE.
Blades of the cauline leaves manifestly petioled. VII. XALAPENSES.
l I. ALES
Perennial herb with offsets: raceme eae mostly 1-sided,
1. L. cardinalis.
very showy.
SIPHILITICAE
be pinnatifid, the auricles hiding the hypanthium: leaves
Mn or only slightly reee above: blades pinnatifid-
2. L. brevifolia.
1292 LOBELIACEAE
Sepals entire or glandular-toothed, the auricles, if present,
not hiding the hypanth mo x 'es on the upper part
of the stem much smaller t those below.
' Sepals with deflexed or bro adis rounded auricles at the
base, the edges ciliate, not glandular-toothed.
Hypanthium pov e in anthesis: sepals e
auricled a e base, erose and more or less irregu
larly toothe à
Hypanthium turbinate in anthesis: sepals slightly
auricled at the base, merely ciliate.
Sepals without basal rc
Sepals entire, glan
eaf-bla des broad. ET sually bluntly toothed: sepals
pere than the corolla-tube.
en ge narrow, undulate or glandular- toothed :
s long as the corolla-tube or longer
Sepals a -toothed.
ower lip of the d glabrous: hypanthium
Lower lip.of the cor rola, ee within : ee
thium bristly-pubescent: leaf-blades narrow
III, PALUDOS:
be not auricled at the base: n Rn ae 2 mm.
ng: eorolla-tube less than 1 em.
Sepals auricled at the base: Lanier. o ‘about 4 mm. long:
olla-tube over 1 cm. lon
IV. APPENDICULATAE
Sepals lanceolate, glandular-toothed, much shorter than the
corolla-tube : m enm pubescent without: hypanthium
sepals subulate, ace or merely erose: nearly or quite
long as the corolla-tube: corolla glabrous = e
without : O campanulate in anthesi
AE
Capsule M o mature hypanthium hemispheric:
sepals more or less auricled at the bas
Sepals E with minute a auricles at the
base, shorter tħan -the corolla-tube.
Sepals slender-subulate, with long deflexed auricles at the
ase, quite as long as the corolla-tube.
Bracts elongate, nearly or uite surpassing the flowers:
corolla copio r pubescent without.
Bracts short, surpassing the flowers: corollas
zi or slightly puberulent without.
“T w SOIN inferior: mature hypanthium obovoid, oval, or
oid: sepals not at all auricled.
NUTTALLIANAE
Pedicels mostly sh Sd than the bracts, shorter than the
eorollas in anthes
Senais lanceolate: p less than 1 em. long: mature
re hypanthium ellipsoid oe "turbinate-ellipsoi oid.
Pedicels noch exceeding me bracts, longer n the corollas.
XALAPENSE
Pedicels long, over 1 cm. long in anes i s » inferior
or less.
cu 4—6 mm. long: sepals lanceolate.
colla 8—10 mm. long: a subulate. _
Pedicels oo less than 1 cm. long in anthesis : capsules 2/3
nfer
L. cardinalis L. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, simple, glabrou
3. L.
DL
5. L.
. L.
(. L.
. L.
10. L.
1. L.
13. L.
17. L.
-1
18. L.
. L. Boykinii.
20. L.
21. L.
22. L.
Or
siphilitica.
. puberula.
amoena.
elongata.
glandulifera.
glandulosa.
. paludosa.
floridana.
flaccidifolia.
. Gattingeri.
spicata.
. bracteata.
. leptostach ya.
inflata.
Nuttallii.
Canbyi.
Cliffon
hom diis
Fecayana.
ely hirsute:
blades of the lower leaves elliptie to elliptie- spatulate, ae or dentate
LOBELIACEAE 1293 -
raceme continuous, rather conspicuously
bracted: sepals linear-attenuate to linear-
subulate, entire: corolla-lobes on either side
e cl
linear: anther-head 5-6 mm. long: capsule ~
hemispherie, short-beaked: seed about 1 mm.
long. — (CARDINAL-F ER.) — Wet ravines,
swamps and stream-banks, various D
Fla. to Tex., Ont., and N. B.— —fall.
revifolia Nutt. Stem 3-8 dm. tall,
0.5— em. long, pinata o d, the
te eth Fx d-tipped: raceme interrupte ed, not
conspicuously bracted: sepa ad bacs. to
hastate-ovate, pinnatifid, each with 2 obtuse basal auricles which invest the
: panthium: corolla blue, pubeseent without; “lobes of the upper lip lanceolate:
capsule 5-7 mm. long: x about 0.5 mm. long.—Moist pinelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La.—Sum- fa
L. siphilitica L. Stem 2-10 dm. tall, sparingly pipe often Ap s
we blades thin or RON ES te to elliptic or lanceol
long, apo serrate or sinuate-den P sepals lanceolate, ETE p
acuminate 8 broad base, each with la arge e basal auricles: rolla
light- “blue, or ae white stralghtene ed Eu over 2 em. long: anther-hea à fully
om ong: eapsule over 7 mm e, with d sepala -auricles reaching nearly
or quite to the base: d ellipsoid.— i GREAT-LOBELIA ow grounds, meadows,
and along streams, various provinces, Ga. to La., Coloss: S. Dak., Ont., and Me.
—Sum.—fall
uberula Michx. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, softly ae rri d blades
thick, gus late to E s lanceolate, or ovate, 2-1 ong, finely
toot the d: sepals lanceolat ely pu Pe each di mall ad basal
auricles: corolla alae “blue, Bashin ice . long or less; anther-head
less than 5 mm. long: capsu ule less tha wide , fin ely pubeseent with the
sepal aurieles eae to above the middle aed linear- -eylindrie. "us woods,
low grounds, and thickets, often in acid soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ga.
and N. J.—Fall.
ena Michx. Stem 3- V dm. tall, glabrous or softly hirsute: leaf-
blades thinnish, ee ic, varying to obovate or ovate, undulate to sinuate, or
unevenly sepals narrowly ee ped E mm. lo ied nid slender-
tipped: y bright -blue, straightened o MA 25 e m. long o
anther-head 2—2.5 mm. long: capsule 5-6 m wide: seed linear- eylindzie, fally
l mm. long dud swamps or moist hillsides, Coastal "Plain, Fla. to Miss. and
Va. — Sum. —fall.
6. L. elongata Small. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades ae or
nearly so, or narrowly linear-lanceolate on the upper part of the stem, 2-10 e
long, undulate, serrate, or dentate-serrate: sepals elongate, linear- x re or
linear-setaceous, entire: corolla deep-blue, o out about 2 cm. long:
anther-head about 4 mm. long: capsule abou wide: seed narrowly ellip-
soid, barely 1 mm. long.—Low grounds, a "Plain, Fla, to La. and Va.
fall.
L. glandulifera (A. Gray) Small. Stem 9—7 dm. tall, glabrous or sparingly
shea leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 3-12 em. long, irregu-
1294 LOBELIACEAE
larly dentate or undulate: hypanthium glabrous: sepals narr rowly lanceolate
to linear-laneeolate, 7-9 mm ong; prenna y aa Rp o deep-
blue, straightened out 2- 2.5 em. lon ng: anther-head 3-4 mm. long: capsu ule
mm. wide: seed eltipsoid, about i mm. long.—Low grounds, meadows,
about 5
and swamps, el Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Va.—Sum. —fall.
$. L. glandulos& Walt. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades linear-
oblanceolate to linear, 2-15 cm. long, repand or shallowly toothed, the teeth
gland-tipped: hypanthium pubeseent: sepals laneeolate or linear-laneeolate, 6—9
mm. pd prominently glandular-toothed: corolla deep- -blue, P out
9-2.5 em. long; lobes of the lower lip broadly ovate: ei le 6 wide:
seed alps less than 1 mm. long.—Wet pinelands and swamps, res Plain,
Va.; reported also from Miss —Spr.-fall or all year southwar d.
L. floridana Chapm. Stem 8-15 .dm. tall: leaf-blades linear or slightly
linear-spatulate below, 10—40 cm. long, undulate or crenate-undulate: sepals
hastate- lanceolate, 4—5 mm ong a toothed: corolla blue, sometimes pale,
straightened out over 1.5 cm. long: capsu e 4—4.5 mm. wide. — $wa amps, and low
pinelands, e Plain, Fla. to Miss. irse —fall.
10. L. paludosa Nutt. Stem 2-9 dm. tall: dim at linear-spatulate, or
rarely elliptic. -obovate to linear, 3-25 cm. long, en uate-crenate: sepals
lanceolate to T pe olate, 5.5 mm. To ong, 2m toothed « or often entire:
corolla light-blue or white, straightened out less than 1.5 long: capsule
-3.5 mm. wide n mps, and low pinelands and ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La. ee Del.—Spr.—fall, or all year southward.
11. L. flaccidifolia Small Stem 2-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades thin, obovate
elliptic-spatulate at the base of the stem, linear-elliptie or rarely linear-lanceo-
e above, 3-11 em. long, undulate or erenate-undulate: hypanthium in anthesis
turbinate: sepals "une ais 3-5 mm . long, glandular-toothed, aurieled at the
base: corolla 14-16 mm. long: capsule 5-8 mm. long.—River swamps, Coastal
Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Sum.
12. L. Gattingeri A. Gray. Stem 2-4 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades thick,
00 the base of the stem, elliptie, oval, or ovate above, em. long,
arly entire j
m. lo to
ee Plateaus, Ala. and Tenn.—Spr. Plants, perhaps referable to L. appendi-
culata in which the ciliate sepals are auricled at the base, have been found in
Ala.
13. L. spicata Lam. Stem 1-12 dm. tall, pubescent, at least nee the base
leaf-blades spatulate, ni or suborbicular at the base of the stem, eblanceo
late to lanceolate above, 1— 0 em. long, crenate-dentate or dci: : hy-
panthium in anthesi Papa ere sepals lanceolate, 3-8.5 mm. jum with
minute spreading auricles at the base: corolla blue, 6-9 mm. long: capsule
-3 mm. long.—Woods, moist dn and meadows, various provinces, Ga.
to Tex; Sask., and P. E. I.—Sum
14. L. bracteata Small. Stem 8-10 dm. tall: leaf-blades epaulets at the
base of the stem, elliptic, lanceolate or ores times above, 3-10 em. long,
glandular-toothed: hypanthium in anthesis what de m hone slender-
su age 44.5 mm. long, Nu deflexed ‘auricles at the base: corolla 8-9 m
. lo N. C.— Sum.
BRUNONIACEAE 1295
L. leptostachys A. DC. Stem 3-12 dm. tall: leaf- blades Nurs -
oblanceolate at the base of the stem, nl to lanceolate above, 3-10 ¢
ong, entire or are ce toothed: hypa nthium in anthesis depressed: em
rs subulat mm. long, Dun _dellexed RE at the base: corolla 6-8
. long: RAN " pun mm. Jon Dry soil, various provinces, rarely Coastal
Plain, Ga. to Miss., Kans., Ohio, an Va. —Sum
16. L. inflata L. Stem 1-10 dm. tall, finely renga leaf-blades obovate to
oval or ovate, 2-9 em. 1078, crenate : hypan thium in anthesis eampanulate:
sepals d '2.5-8. ae on entire: corolla liae 6-8 mm. long: capsule
0-8 mm. long, inflat ds -TOBACCO. ILD-TOBACCO. | EYEBRIGHT.)—
Fields, woods, and vns various provinces, Ga. to Ark., Sask., and Lab.
m.—fall.
—
17. L. Nuttallii Roem. & Schult. Stem 2-7 dm. tall: leaf- e obovate to
ovate at the base of the stem, oblanceolate to linear above, 2-4 cm. long, entire
or toothed: hypanthium in anthesis much puni cuin. sepals lanceolate, about
2 mm. à long, entire: corolla light-blue, 6-7.5 m . lon ng: capsule 2.5— n
Fla. to Miss., Pa, and S N. M —BSpr.-
18. L. Canbyi A. Gray. Stem 3-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades s -linear to linear,
2-6 cm. long, glandular- deus hypanthium in hesis campanulate:
sepals a dura at 3—4 mm. long, obscurely ETE denticulate: oe
bright-blu m. long: capsule about 4 mm. long, wholly inferior.—Pine
land B du "Coastal Plain, S. C. to N. J.—Sum.-fall. `
19. L. Boykinii T. &. G. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, hollow, virgate, sometimes with
virgate branches: leaf-blades D linear-filiform to m ema
nthi
long or shorter, a. TA tooth ed: hypanthium in
a. sepals slender- subulat m ong, entire: corolla bright. ES
8-10 mm. long: capsule 3-4 m us half- -o «—Pineland swamps and
cypress-ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—Spr.-su
0. L. Cliffortiana L. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, n R rn leaf-blades
ovate to ovate- lanceolate 2-10 em. long, e vu d pn hed or sin ud sepals
laneeolate, about 2 m . lon ng, entire: C. ne ng: -6 mm
long.—Wet places acte ere and cult. grounds Coastal Plain, "Fla. to Tex
Nat. of Trop. Am.—(W. I., Mez., C. A., S. 4.) —Spr.-fall.
21. L. homophylla F. E. Wimmer. Stem 2-6 dm. d glabrous or finely pu-
bescent: leaf-blades ovate to suborbicular, 1-4 c long, rather ed and
irregularly crenate or incised-dentate, cordate to truncate at be base: sepals
subulate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, entire: Nan 8-10 mm. long: capsule 6-7 mm
long. [ZL. Cl iffortiana xalapensis (Ch Fl). L. zalapensis (Fl. SE U. S.). ]
—Pinelands, fence-rows, and roadsides, por Fla.—Spr.-fal
L. Feayana A. Gray. Stem 1-3 dm. tall glabrous: leaf-blades reniform,
dii pea or orbicular-ovate E the base of the stem, obovate da ovate above,
1.5 em. ong, e ntire or crenate: sepals lanceolate, 1.5-2 m ong, entire:
E 7-9 mm. long: capsule about 4 mm. long.—( Bom )—Pinelands,
Fla.—Spr. fall.
FAMILY 4. BRUNONIACEAE — Goopenta FAMILY
Herbaceous or woody plants. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite :
blades entire, toothed, or prr Flowers perfect. Calyx of 5 par-
1296 CALYCERACEAE
tially united sepals, or rarely cee Corolla of 5 ou bn or ipe
ünited petals. Androecium of 5 distinct stamens. Gynoeciu of
2 united carpels, the ovary inferi or. ‘Stigma a surrounded do an rei
Fruit drupaceous, baceate, or capsular. mol genera and more than
200 species, mostly repe"
o
ZR
1. SCAEVOLA L. Succulent herbs or shrubs. Leaf- blades mostly en-
tire. Flowers irregular, in cymes. Calyx 5-lobed, or obsolete. Corolla-tube
id
Berry with a fleshy exocarp.—Abo
species, mostly Australian.
S. Plumieri Vahl. Plant FA dm. tall:
leaf- blades obovate to spatulate, 4-6 cm
ng: calyx-lobes rounded: ie white or
la.
Keys.—(W. —Al| year.—Stems often
ae under the sand and forming large
patel
Faminy 5. CALYCERACEAE — Catycera FAMILY
or rid woody plants. Leaves alternate: m usually nar-
wers ih
Calvx of 4-6 more or less accrescent sepals. Corolla elongate: tube 'slen-
der, the throat shorter than the tube, the limb 4—6-lobed. Androecium of
4—6 stamens. Filaments adnate up to the throat of the corolla. Anthers
erect, adnate around the style. Gynoecium of a single carpel. Ovary
inferior. Style elongate. tae minute. Fruit an achene, eas erowned
with the calyx. — Three genera and 25 specles, South Americ
1. ACICARPHA Juss. Annual diffuse or procumbent herbs. Leaves vari-
eus: blades of the basal ones usually petioled, those of the cauline leaves sessile
to each other.— Three species, South Ameri-
can.
A. tribuloides Juss. ce hare | 1-4
em
1.
dm. tall glabrous: basal leaves 3- 11
long; blades spatulate: blades BE the cauline
AMBROSIACEAE . 1297
To rM to peace clasping, all coarsely toothed: sepals about
nate: corollas yellow, about 3 mm. long; lobes lanceolate: ee
see pres the peer subulate ids 4-5 mm. long.—Fields and road-
sides, N Fla. Nat. of S. Am.—Spr.-fall.
OrpER CARDUALZES-—CanpUAL, ORDER |
Herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees. Leaves mainly alternate: blades entire,
toothed, or divided. Flowers perfect, monoecious, or dioecious, few or
many aggregated on a receptaele and surrounded with an involuere, or
the involucre rarely obsolete. Calyx one or two rows of bristles, scales, a
mere border or crown, or obsolete, or wanting. Corolla of several more
or less united petals, or wanting. Androecium of usually 5 stamens, the
anthers converging, or united. Gynoecium mostly of 2 united carpels.
Ovary inferior. Styles or stigmas mostly 2. Fruit an achene.
Flowers with tubular ee or those of the outer ones prolonged into ligules.
Sta
mens distinct, he filaments sometimes united,
the anthers mele converging about the stigma. Fam.1. AMBROSIACEAE.
St 2 united by their anthers, thus forming a tube
ound the stigma, except in Kuhnia. Fam. 2.
Flow e with each corolla PEOISBEGR into a ligule. Fain. 3. CICHORIACEAE.
Panir 1. AMBROSIACEAE — RAGWEED FAMILY
Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs, e plan ts often coarse. Lea f-
blades entire, toothed, lobed, ided. "Flowers in inco nspicuous viden
the braets of the pistillate heads distinct or sometimes united and accres-
cent drin a bur. Fruit-producing flowers e or i much reduced
corollas. Achenes subtended by or enclosed in an involucre. Pappu
wanting or obsolete.—Eight genera and about 75 species, mostly rel
Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same head, the pistillate marginal, fewer
than the staminate, or rarely wanting: heads neither bur-
ike nor nut-like Tribe I. IvEAE.
PE m pistillate flowers in different heads, the pistil-
ate flowers 1—7, enclosed in a bur-like or nut- like involucre,
Sich A V. encloses the achenes. , II. AMBROSIEAE.
I. IvE
Plants with DIESE Bone nodding heads. dud broad or
narrow leaf-blades 1. Iva.
II. AMBROSIEAE
Bracts of the staminate involucre more or less united:
ceptacle flat or merely convex: filaments free.
Tubercles or spines of the pistillate involucres in
single series: fruit with a truncate or equally 3- 5-
toothed beak. 2. AMBROSIA.
Tubercles or spines in several series: fruit with a
p i e beak, the teeth incurved, the outer one the
3. FRANSERIA.
Biete M the st aminate ere distinct: receptacle
elongate filaments uni
Leaves pinnately i o bed: the stipules simple or
pronged stipular spines: bur with straight beaks. 4. ACANTHOXANTHIUM.
Leaves digitately Seded or lobed, the stipules not
spiny: bur with curved or hooked beaks. 5. XANTHIUM.
1. IVA L. Annual or perennial, glabrous, strigose, or hispidulous herbs,
or shrubs. Leaves, at least the lower, opposite: blades entire or toothed. eads
axillary to leaf-like bracts. Involuere turbinate to hemispheric: bracts 3-6,
1298 AMBROSIACEAE
or 5—9 in I. imbricata. Receptacle with large bractlets. Corolla of the pistil-
late flowers a truncate tube. Achenes nd flattened, usually obovoid.—
About 20 species, Àmerican.—MARSH-ELDE
Plants p heads mostly peduncled: bracts of the involucre’ 5-9, or rarely 4.
Bracts of ER involucre 6-9, imbricate in two series: leaf-
blades e 1. I. imbricata.
Bracts of is es olucre 5 or rarely 4, in one series and only
slightly overlapping: i es toothed. 2. I. frutescens.
Plants ee heads sessile: bracts of the involucre 3, or
rarely or
Leaf-blades broad, coarsely toothed, petioled: those of the
inflorescence different, Eoi.
Leaves of the inflorescence with ovate to lanceolate
Short-acuminate blades.
Leaves of the inflorescence with linear or linear-lanceo-
late caudate-acuminate blades 4, I. caudata.
Leaf-blades narrow, entire or shallowly toothed, sessile or
are -petioled ; those of the e nearly similar,
Bracts of the involucre distinct: stam and pistillate
Fen three each: leaf-blades lin 5. I. microcephala.
Bracts of the involucre partly Suited: ' pistillate flowers
usually solitary : leaf-blades oblong 6. I. asperifolia.
I. ciliata.
e
I. imbricata Walt. Perennial with a woody base: stem 1 m. tall or less,
smooth and glabrous: leaf-blades linear i linear- ‘elliptic, linear-oblanceolate, or
u
Or
achenes 3-3.5 mm. long. Fia sand- ade
m rocky shores Fla. to and
. I.)—Sum.—f all.
2. frutescens [M pe pee with a
ance base: stem 3.5 r less, pubes
cent, at least do pues ‘blades elliptic,
linear aren, e Rd or nearly
lin above, 4—10 long, d
coarsely serrate: involueres 3. aos . high;
di E val or obo on schenes | p 2.
mm. meee ELDE IG
smi). — Salt secum ae muc ouem Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—
Sum
| illd. Annual, 1.8 m. x m pos sos piod rough-pubescent:
ee blades ae oval, or 'elli iptie, 4— ong, short- Eee d
serrate: hea = con tiguous, subtended by Mond) ciliate pm involueres 3—4
high, rough-pubescent: achenes colored, about 3 mm. long, with “saint
fue sae ridges.—Moist soil, various as La. to N. M,
Nebr., and Ill.; extending as a a weed E to Ala.—Sum.-fall.
. I. caudata Small Annual, 1 m. tall or alee stem rather sparingly hispidu-
lous: leaf-blades ovate to elliptic, 4-15 em. long, acuminate, eee d un-
evenly serrate: cud: contiguous or appr in ate, subtended by coarsely ciliate
id involueres oe ET pubesce ent: achenes broadly cuneate-obovoid, 3.5
long, with prom even ridges. cns and low oo yon
Plain and adj. ee ate, "Miss. € o La., Mo., and Ill.—Sum.-fal
5. I. microcephala Nutt. Annual, 1 m. tall or less: stem glabrous or minutely
pubescent ite ally above, often with numerous erect branches: leaf-blades
narrowly linear, 2-5 em. long, entire or shallowly toothed, glandular-punctate:
heads con pn ous or nearly so, aa d by subulate or linear-filiform bracts:
involuere eampanulate, about 2 mm. high; poseen obovate to dee DNE
AMBROSIACEAE 1299
achenes narrowly obovoid, oe 1 mm. DE muriculate.—Low pinelands and
prairies, Coastal Plain, Fla. o S. C.—Sum.—winter.—Sometimes a weed.
6. I. asperifolia Less. Annual, or perhaps sometimes perennial, 0.5 m. tall or
less: stem sometimes de cumbent, UR e ir rs cent at least above:
leaves narrowly elliptie to linear long, entire, aped
punetate: heads con dp or approximate: E nm ubere about mm.
high; bracts cuneate to suborbieular: achenes obovoid, about mm. es
granular- botte do -plaees, Pensacola, Fla. Nat. of Mex. —Sum.—fall.
2. AMBROSIA L. Annual or onal perennial coarse caulescent branch-
. Leaves nei or opposite: blades as, lobed, or dissected,
TN SRL Heads in spikes or racemes, the staminate above the pistillate,
with a usually ced 5—12-lobed Pii PULS involucre erect,
nut-like, usually with a single series of tubercles or spines near the apex, the
beak truncate or 3- to 4-toothed.—About 20 species, mostly Ameriean.—RaAc
WEEDS. |
Staminate heads spicate: involucre very oblique, produced on the side away from
he stem into a lanceolate acuminate lobe: annuals. I. CERCOMERIS.
Staminate heads racemose: involucre slightly, if at all, oblique,
not produced into an elongate lobe on either side: annuals or l
perennials. II. EUAMBROSIA.
I. CER
A rough hirsute herb: leaf-blades of a lanceolate type, usually
with a lobe on each side near the bas 1. A. bidentata.
II. EUAMBROSIA
ur: pma e pinnar id.
Leaf-blades gre t above: plants annu
Fruit-body 2-5 $ ines Mone the beak 1 n "dons or less.
monophylla.
Fruits rugose. 2. A:
Fruits smooth. 3. A. glandulosa.
Fruit-body mm. long or more, the beak more than 1
mm. long.
xU ‘of the lower is mostly posl IUE
nts narrow: staminate heads abou
4. A. elatior.
Blades ‘of the lower leaves mostly rege the seg-
s broad: staminate heads 4-5 mm. wide. 9. A. Rugeli.
Leaf- ies pouce plants nm al. G. A. hispida.
Leaf-blades entire, toothed, or 3-5-1
um es uu d petioles : fruits. slightly if at all pitted
tween t
e ridges whieh end in short conic spines. 7. A. trifida.
Leaves with wingless petioles: fruits poo between the
ridges which end in tubercle- like spines 8. A. aptera.
1. A. bidentata Michx. Stem tall or less, rough hirsute: leaf-blades
lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or ate ac. 2-8 em. long, each with a
n lobe- ed tooth on one or both sides
near the staminate involuere ue
up pistillate heads solitary or tw
gether in the axils: fruit 6-7 mm. jus Ea
m
adj. provinces, Miss. to Tex., Nebr
Ky.—Sum.—fall.
2. A. monophylla (Walt.) Rydb. Stem
1.5 m. tall or less, pubescent with lax more
or less scattered a Sn blades pclae
bipinnati fid, or those of upper leaves
innatifid or merely iota BER dE above,
1300 AMBROSIACEAE
pucr Pau, the segments lanceolate, acute: staminate involucre broadly
obco . high: n it 2.5-3 mm. high, the body obovoid, d
vi th ao conic spines.—Prairies, ale dunes, pinela nds, and
Wah nm Plain, Fla. io Tex. and N.C —(W. I.)—All yea
3. A, glandulosa Scheele. Stem 1 m. tall or less, sparingly pubescent: leaf-
blades bipinnatifid or pinnatifid, strigose on both sides, the segments a 24
linear-lanceolate, acute or acumi inate e: Pn uc involuere saucer-shaped,
mm. pese ios bg 2.5 mm. long, the body broadly obovoid, short- De
with usually 6 D cu eed —Low grounds, river- -bottoms, and
banks, bu Plain, W Fla. to Tex.—Sum.-fall.
A. elatior L. Stem 1.5 m. tall or less; more or less hirsute: leaf-blades
bipinnatifid or those of the upper ones m erely pinnati ifid, strigillose oo often
hirsute beneath, the segments lanceo nate to subelliptie, usually aeute: stami-
nate eU saucer- shaped, 1-1.5 mm. high: i 4-4.5 mm. lon the body
obovoid, often broadly. rather ine -beak ed, with 5-7 dd dde I
c: artemisiifolia Fl. S.]—(Ro yu Woratwoop.
EED.)—Dry soil, den E prairies, pinelands, and cult. grounds, various
OE N. C. to Tex., Calif., Wash., and N. S.—(W. I.)—Spr.-fall
Rugeli Rydb. Stem 1 m. tall or less, ne hirsute: leaf-blades pin-
5. A.
natifid or partly nd hispidulous and strongly ir the Sur |
. high:
ovate to PEE: te: staminate involucre shallowly cupulat 1.5- 2
fruit 4-4.5 mm. long, the body Pr short- d e with 5 or 6 pen DH
or tubercle- like spines.—Sand-dun and pin elands, Coastal Plain, Fla. and
Sum.—fall.—The short- ‘petioled. or sessile ee turn dark in dr rying.
A. hispida Pursh. Stem and branches prostrate, creeping, several m. long
or less, white hirsute or hispidulous: leaf-blades pares broadly ovate in
outline, the segments divergent, ovate to obovate, obtuse or merely ae
staminate involucre cupulate, about 2 mm. m. high: E 3.5—4 mm. long, the body
veinlv, denne. short- beaked, with 1-5 unequal short-conic spines,
w e in tal dunes, Pla— (W. I, Mez., C. A., S. A.)—AIl yea
Often efficacious as a sand-binder
7. A. trifida L. Stem 5 m. tall or less, wood d Or od leaf- pes
except sometimes those of the upper ones, 3- or 5-lobed, mostly 1-3 dm. long;
a ovate to la ene pen serrate: sta minat te soe saucer-shaped, mE l
high: fruit 7-8 mm. long, the body broadly obovoid, with 6 or 7 ridges
iuh end in short-conie spines, stout-beaked.— (GREAT-RAGWEED. HORSE-CANE.)
—River- Lape z Lina and waste-places, various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Colo., B. C., —Sum.—fall.—Plants ce juvenile main stem is cut off,
pr oduce e i ‘blades.
8. A. aptera DC. Stem 5 m. tall or less, scabrous: leaf-blades, except some of
the upper ones, 3- or 5-lobed, the lobes lanceolate to ov | coarsely serrate or
unev in toothed: staminate pu saucer- pu d about 1 mm. high: fruit
5-6 mm. long, the body obovoid, h 4-8 ridges which 2 in “tubercle -like
Ne pou aked.—Low grou aad a wet places, various provinces, Miss
to Ariz.—Sum.-fall.—In this and the next preceding species, the staminate in-
voluere and corollas are black-streaked.
FRANSERIA Cav. Anualor perennial eaulescent herbs, or low shrubs:
leaves mos or opposite: blades toothed or dissected. Heads in spikes or
AMBROSIACEAE | 1301
racemes, the staminate with saucer-shaped
or turbinate lobed involueres. Pistillate in-
voluere of several fused bracts, nut-like, be-
coming a several. or many-spined - 2-
lipped or 2-beaked at the tip.—About 25
species, American.—RAGWEEDS
F. confertiflora (DC.) Rydb. Peren-
nial, 2 m. tall or less, more or less strigose:
acute, the terminal o longate: stami-
nate inv e 2 mm. h nearl 0,
hirsutulous: fruit ovoid or globose in outline,
2-3 i, eak and
usually 6-18 spines.—Plains and moist pounds various provinces, Tenn. to
Tex., N. M., and Colo.—(Mez.)—Sum.-f
4. ACANTHOXANTHIUM Fourr.1 . Coarse monoecious annuit herbs.
Leaves alternate, with 3-pronged or simple stipular spines: blades pinnately
lobed or entire. Staminate heads mostly in
terminal capitate clusters: involuere of dis-
tinct bracts: corolla tubular-funnelfo
lobed: filaments ee Pistillate
involucres axillary, closed, or 2-beaked
or sometimes beakless, the "" y cylindric-
ellipsoid, 1- or 2-flowered, armed with nu-
merous spines which are first bent eid
bur.—Four species, South American. |
. A. spinosum (L.) Fourr. Stem 3-10 dm.
tall, in age stramineous, branched: deg blades lanceolate, entire rs 3—5-lobed,
p ia above, white- Vu beneath, 5-10 em. a spines 3-pronged, up
to ong: bur with m ellipsoid Pa 10- 13 mm. long, pubescent, the
Lies about 2 mm. long; the beaks up to 3 mm. lon P [ Xanthium a
L. ]—(CLoTBUR. E io fields, and roadsides, 20 us provi Fla.
to Tex., Calif., B. C., and Me. Nat. of S. Am.—(W. I., Mes., C. A. 0 W.)
— Sum l
9. XANTHIUM I.1 Coarse monoecious annual herbs. Leaves alter-
nate: blades usually ovate to reniform in outline, more or less digitately 3-5-
Icbed, often cordate at the base. Staminate heads in terminal spikes or racemes:
involucre of distinct bracts in 1-3 series: corolla 1 ee 5-lobed
laments monadelphous. Pistillate involucre closed, or 3-beaked, the WES
P fusiform, ellipsoid, or ovoid, 2- or 3-flowered, ped oi M which
re hooked at the apex, the beaks nearly equal, m r less curved, 2-lobed,
a: outer lobe the longer and incurved: corolla onde stigmas 2. Achene
3 Contributed by the late Per Axel Rydberg.
1302 AMBROSIACEAE
solitary in each eavity of the bur.—About 40 species, widely distributed.—
Sum.—CroTBURS. BURWEEDS. COCKLEBURS.
Body of the bur 1.5-3 cm. lon
* Bur nc P orn edt OUDCRHISDE hispidulous, or glabrate.
B e bur broadly fusiform, nearly half as wide
1. X. americanum.
Body f the bur almost cylindric, about a third as
wide as long. 2. X. cylindraceum.
Bur more or less T hispid, especially on the lower
part of the spin
Body of the bur. cylindro. fusiform, about a third as
wide as long, less than 2 em. long; spines 5-7 mm
long. 3. X. pennsylvanicum.
Dody of A ad ellipsoid, half as wide as long or
nearly
Body of the bur about 1.5—1.8 cm. long; spines 3
mm. long. 4, X. echinatum.
so of d bur about 2.5—3 cm. long; spines 8-11
lon 5. X. speciosum.
Body of the hie about 1 em. long. 6. X. echinellum.
. X. americanum Bo Plant pabo or finely pubescent, 2—13 dm. tall:
leaf-blades ovate to deltoid, 5-30 e ous om ody of the bur broadly eee
15-18 mm. long, tion pes with | 100-2
slender, more or less hooked s spines, whic ^
'e 3-4 mm. long, and is equalling. the
beaks which are straight nearly to the
apex. p chinense mL & Sherff scarce-
ly Mil. X. glabratum (DC.) Britton ]—
Waste- -places, a grounds, E npe
various provinces, Fla. to , Nebr., and
Tas SS.
- Xx. icu ME Millsp. & Sherff. Plant
ough-puberulent, 5-15 - tall: leaf-
blades deltoid. ovate, 8—10 b: ng: body
of the bur almost cylindrie, pem a 125-
175 ad i x d SP! ines about 3 mm
tong; - bea long, aa gly i
rved ae E ‘old fields, and ae grounds, Piedmont, N. C.
3. X. pennsylvanicum Wallr. Plant rough-pubescent, at least above, 2-6 dm
tall: leaf-blades ovate to reniform: body of the bur cylindro-fusiform, 15-20
mm. long, the spines 100—150, n as long as the dia meter of the body;
beaks 4-6 mm. long, often incurved.—Rich soil, various provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Minn., Mass., and Va.
echinatum Murr. ru rough-pubescent, 3-16 dm. tall: leaf-blades
ovate to deltoid, or reniform: bod of the bur ellipsoid, 15-18 mm. long, his
pid, the spines 100— 200, sto ut, more or less hooked; beaks 3-5 mm. long, Pont:
e ved.—Rive r-banks, beaches, and waste-places, various provinces, N. C.
c Nebr., N. D., and Me.
5. X. speciosum Kearney. Plant somewhat pubescent, 10-15 dm. tall: leaf-
blades deltoid-ovate to somewhat reniform: body of the bur 25-30 m E
pubescent and E beset with 200 or more ineurved spines; beaks 8-1 mn
long; MUR n Interior Low Plateaus and adj. DEO E
Tenn. to Tex., Mont., and Mi
inellum Greene. Plant sparingly hispidulous and the stem striate
and reddish: leaf- blades broadly cordate, 5-18 em. long and fully as wide, 3-
CARDUACEAE 1303
ribbed, 3-5-lobed: burs 3-8 together; body about 1 cm. long, about 5 mm.
m P E glandular-puberulent, the spines 150-200, slender, about 3
ong; beaks stout, ascending, nearly straight, 4 mm. long. — Clay TON
Famity 2. CARDUACEAE Necx.— THISTLE FAMILY
Herbs or rarely shrubs, or sometimes trees in tropieal regions. Leaves
opposite or alternate, sometimes all puse without stipules; blades various.
Flowers perfect, pistillate, or neutral, or sometimes monoecious or dioecious,
when ray-flowers are present the head is said to be radiate, when wanting
it is said to be discoid. Androecium of 5 stamens: filaments mostly adnate
to "o corolla-tube: anthers often appendaged at the apex and sometimes
also at the base, united into a ring (syngenecious) except in Kuhnia.
Gynoecium A T ary. Ovary wa 1-celle Stigmas of the fruc-
tiferous flow . Ovule solitary. Fruit an achene. Seed erect —Abou
800 genera har 10,000 species, of wide geographie distribution. In the
following figures the filaments and the anthers are not always shown in
proper proportions.
Anthers not caudate at the
H iscoid, but rarely with the auies split on one side and thus ligulate:
rollas varying from white to red or blue, never yellow or brown: stigmas
half-cyli ndric.
tigmas m elongate, acute, with stigmatic part on the inside, hispidulous
with
Achene a 4-angled, or if 4-angled not clavate: pappus-squamellae, if
any, not with strong midribs. Tribe I. VERNONIEAE.
Achenes 4-angled, clavate: pappus of elonga te
Squamellae with strong midribs (Palafowia and
olypteris in VII. HELENIEAE.
Stigmas somewhat elongate, obtuse or rounded at the
I with the stigmatic part on the inside only
ar the base, the upper portion, as well as the out-
side, hispidulous II. EUPATORIEAE.
Heads radiate, Or, if discoid, the disk-eorollas usually
yellow or brown stigmas either without appen-
dages, truncate or rounded a e apex, or with
acute appendages.
n^. dn e bracts, or both, with conspicuous resinous .
VIII. TAGETEAE.
Leaves "nd bracts without resinous glands (rarely
netate with oil glands).
Boon us of squamellae or stiff bristles, or coroni-
orm, or dn ing.
Involugral bracts not scarious-margined, usu-
y green and more pi less ioa coe
Recopie chaffy (paleaceous VI. HELIANTHEAE.
Receptacle naked o m EE A in Gaillardia. i
Involu eral brac imbricate in several
ries. III. ASTEREAE.
Involueral bracts in 1 or 2 subequal NM
© VII. HELENIEAE.
Involueral eae Ne dry scarious or hyaline
argins or ti
Pappus of E E stigmas with acute
or acutish appendages. VII. HELENIEAE.
Pappus AR wanting: stigmas
truncate at the IX. ANTHEMIDEAE.
1304 CARDUACEAE
Pappus, at least in part, of many capillary
bristles.
Stigmas flattened, with appendages, hairy on
the outside: involucres imbricate. III. ASTEREAE.
Stigmas terete, truncate, or appendaged : in-
volucral bracts in one series. X. SENECINEAE.
Anthers caudate at the bas
Stigmas without a ring of long hairs below.
Dis k-corollas not 2-lipped.
|. Pisti s flowers with filiform corollas, without
igule IV. ne: IEAE.
Pistillate flowers with ligylate corollas. V. INULEAE.
Disk- se 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, lower
XII. MUTISIEAE.
Stigmas Siti a ring of long hairs at the base of the
stigmatic portion: heads discoid or the ray-corollas
actino- morphic and neutral. XI. CXNAREAE.
VERNONIEAE
Corollas all alike, equal: bracts S the ion unap-
n :
Pappus of 2 series: corollas regular: heads many-
pappus persistent: perenni ials. 1. VERNONIA.
Achenes terete, ribless: inner series of the pappus
eciduous: annuals. 2. SENECIODES.
Pappus simple: corollas irregular, split on the inner
side: RE 2-5-flowered, in involucrate heads of a
second or 3. ELEPHANTOPUS.
Corollas of the EA flowers enlarged, oblique:
inner series of brac ts with pectinate-spinulose e 4. STOKESIA.
pendages
. EUPATORIEAE .
Anthers truncate or broadly rounded at the apex, the con-
nective without appendages: heads few-flowered. D. HARTWRIGHTIA.
Anthers beue c connective produced into an appendage
at the
Achenes Rm 5- in ngled.
Pap of squamellae, sometimes cup- -like or
pos -like
Leaves n ede bracts of the involucre nerve-
ess: oe tube abruptly dilated into the
broad thro 6. SCLEROLEPIS.
Leaves oppo ie , or alternate 2 bracts o
ne mo ICE striate: rolla narrow
througho T. AGERATUM.
Pappus of. cloncute bristles or hairs.
Inv E ~ racts more than 4: flowers
Hecaptacle of the flowers flat.
In volu eral braets leathery or coriaceous,
in several series, striate. S. OSMIA.
Involucral bracts thin, membranous, in
l-few series, few- Ted s ribless. 9. EUPATORIUM.
Receptacle conic or hemisphe 10. oe
Involucral bracts and flowers 4. 11. Mika
Achenes 8-10-ribbed or 8-10-striate.
Inv nd bracts in several series, well imbricate.
Bra not herbaceous, thin, striate
eae. -bristles scabrous barbellate :
cnc um united : involucisl- Peace usually
12. COLEOSANTHUS.
Pappus- -bristles plumose : anthers distinct: l
involueral bracts few. 13. KUBNIA.
Bracts dana or partly colored, not stri-
ate: pappus of capillary or plumose
bri stles
Rocca die chaffy: heads corymbose. 14. CARPHEPHORUS.
Receptacle nake
Herbs heads Spicate or rac se:
bracts of the involucre Spirals
imbricate.
Heads corymbose: basal leaves i
depressed rosettes ; mde: rather
‘oad. 15. LITRISA4.
CARDUACEAE
enu Ee or racemose or rarely
mose: 2 tes not in
nearly s
Pappus in one “er es of
bristles: leaves herbaceous:
plant usually with a globose-
0
dy root.
Pappus in two series, the o uter
e
involuere imbricate in definite verti-
cal r
Involueral bracts avea little ipate not
striate.
III. ASTEREAE
Plants not dioecious.
Ri d yellow or none or white in Solidago
Pappus of squamellae or awns, or wanting, not of
capillary bristles.
Heads small, few-fl wered: involucre cam-
pa anulate or cylindr rie, not more than 5
mm. high: piu of the ray 10 or less,
on
Disk-flowers sterile: leaves with narrow
entire blades.
Disk-flowers fertile: leaves with .cordate
toothed blades
Heads larger, many- -flowered : involucre hemi-
spheric or depressed : ligules of the ray 12
or more, 1 cm. long or more (wanting in a
dod species) : pappus of 2—8 deciduous stout
Pappu. at] ast in part, of capillary bristles.
Pa Ppus double, at least in the disk-flowers, the
of eapillary bristles, the outer of
Short squamellae or short bristle es.
m flattened, with well developed
Leaf blades not w glabrous or
pubescent, ut not silky: achene
somewhat turgid, turbinate, oe
or ellipsoid- obovoid, with no
Leaf-blades grass- -like, silky- Cente :
achene Eder ha aped, with more or
lass of a
Ray-achenes turgid, with obsolete
or
oroniform papp
Pappus simple.
Hea S discoid. l
A ooo turbinate; bracts
o ess arranged in definite
Cea 5) e ranks.
Involuere broa dly turbinate to hemi-
spheric ; bracts squarrose, imbricate,
put not in definite vertical ranks
Heads radiate
Leaf- blades pinnatifid or toothed ; _ lobes
or teeth spinulose-tipped.
Leaf-blades entire or toothed, the teeth
not bristle-tippe l
Pappus-bristles elongate, amang or
onger than the ach nen
Bracts of the involucr
neither longitudinally Tibbed
nor striate.
Annual or biennial herbs.
iam herbs or under-
S
Ray- flowers not more nu-
merous than the
disk-flowers : recep-
16. LACINIARIA.
17. AMMOPURSUS.
18. GARBERIA.
19. TRILISA.
20. AMPHIACHYRIS.
33. BRACHYCHAETA
21. GRINDELIA.
22. CHRYSOPSIS.
23. PITYOPSIS.
24. HETEROTHECA,
25. CHONDROPHORA.
26. BRINTONIA.
:21Y. SIDERANTHUS.
28. ISOPAPPUS.
1305
1306 CARDUACEAE
tacle alveolate or
pitted.
Leaves with distinct
depressions ; blades
veinless, entir un
der-shru
Leaves without depres-
sions; blades veiny,
usually toothed:
herbs.
Ray-flowers more numer-
than the disk-
Aoa. receptacle fim
briolate; heads corym-
ose.
Bracts of the involucre longitu-
dinally ribbed or striate.
Pappus- Mo mueh shorter than
the ach
mud blue, purple, pink: or white.
Pappu mere crown or of a few squamellae, or
balale MM or wanting.
Pappus of a mere crown or wanting
crown: "d ot the in-
volucre imbricate in few se
Pappus of a series of short qua eliae and
usually also 2-4 slender bristles.
Pappus, at Meee of the disk-flowers, of numerous
capillary bristles
Ray-cor dr conspicuous, longer than the pap-
pu
or “exceeding the disk, spreadin
Stigma-tips lanceolate to filiform.
ADEM wae not two distinct
Disk-corollas as well as cre
Ips.
Bracts Hob dé nds their green
erc Te ic (see Solidago
bic
Disk- corollas typically yellow, chang-
ing to red, brown, or purple: ray-
o various: bracts of the in-
cre in se veral series, more or
Tess. D COUS. a least at the tip:
perennials with ootstocks.
PUEDE. distinetly double. the outer
series of short subulate bristles.
inue n -bristles clavate at the
apex: bracts of the involucre thin-
coriaceous, without T PACTON
tips, shorter than the dis
Inner pappus-bristles o
throughout: bracts of the involu-
cre equaling the disk.
Stigma itin triangular or ovate, obtuse,
dad do d xe of the involucre in
-2, se
Ray-corollas inconspi ipe not longer than the
pappus: ligules of the ray short and erect:
stigma-tips obtuse.
Plants dioecious: eads unisexual, discoid: pappus-
bristles of the staminate flowers with clavate tips.
IV. GNAPHALIEAE
Receptacle not chaffy.
Involucral bracts not scarious: stigmas of the perfect
usually sterile) flowers elongate and acute.
Stem not winged by the decurrent leaves: invo-
lueral braets persistent,
Caulescent herbs or shrubs: stem and branches
not wiry.
20. CHRYSOMA.
30. SOLIDAGO.
31. EUTHAMIA.
32. OLIGONEURON.
33. BRACHYCHAETA.
34.
ASTRANTHIUM,.
35. APHANOSTEPHUS.
36. BOLTONIA.
38
39
43.
44.
. SOLIDAGO.
. ASTER.
. DOELLINGERIA.
. IONACTIS.
. ERIGERON.
. LEPTILON.
BACCHARIS. >
|
. SERICOCARPUS.
PLUCHEA.
CARDUACEAE
Acaulescent herbs: scape and D wiry.
Stem winged by the decent leaves: involucral
braets mostly dno
mon bracts seario with searious colored
tips: stigmas of the perfect flowers short, trun-
eate, distinct or sometimes united.
Plants dioecious or the pistillate heads with a
few hermaphrodite flowers = the center:
aries flowers usually steri
ee ee of the vistillate flowers falling
a ring: central perfect flowers none.
Pace bristles of the nr din falling
off separate: central perfe wers present
i n the pistillate heads.
Plants - us E flowers pistillate or perfect,
a e
Pappus-bristles capillary, not plumose.
Pa ees -bristles plumose.
Receptacle cha
Rec ON. Subulate: perfect flowers fertile, their
Beceptacle Demi phe: Seriel fiowers usually
sterile, their achenes without pappus.
| INULEAE
Achene not contracted at the apex into a short neck:
pappus-bristles not united at the base into a cup.
Achene 4-angled: outer involueral bracts foliaceous.
Achene not angled : involueral bracts not DEO
Achene contracted at the apex into a nec
bristles united at the base into a cup.
VI. HELIANTHEAE
Disk-flowers perfect, but sterile.
Achene thick, not conspicuously flattened: pappus
wanting.
Inner involucral bracts smooth, merely embracing
Achenes strongly many-striate: leaves pal-
€ ae ER 5-ribbed or 3-5- angled : leaves pin-
ate
€ J3avolücrat bracts prickly, closely and pe rma-
y enclosing the achenes and falling off with
hom:
Achene conspicuously flattened.
ree uing free, wing-margin
Achen dnate o2 or 3. BERCHIES abe diag as
ie ny sterile Foetal: and falling away with
them, win
Ligules of i. ay well developed, plane and
serted : receptacle flat.
iene opposite: pappus semicupulate, 4.€.,
Dd the erown developed on the outside
nly.
Leaves alternate: pappus wanting or of 2
ort awns or teeth.
eae of the ray poorly developed, reduced z
small lobe or 2 or 3 teeth, the marginal corol-
las reduced to a truncate or obliquely cleft
Disk-flowers per rfect and fer tile.
Rb eben: d persiste ent on the achenes and
becoming papery in texture: ray-flowers E.
A of the Yai sk-flowers flattened or
ae 4-angled ; those of the ray-flowers octo
3-an : ractlets conduplicate around the
ache ae U
Achenes not flattened : involucre broad: receptacle
convex or
Ray-corollas Newlate’ “deciduous from the achenes, or
heads discoid.
Involucre conspicuously 4- (rarely 5-) angled in
the pud: braets AD = or 5, foliaceous, val-
vate, connate at the bas
PN
c
Ce
e
1307
. SACHSIA.
. PTEROCAULON.
. ANTENNARIA,
. ANAPHALIS.
. GNAPHALIUM.
. FACELIS.
. GIFOLA.
. FILAGINOPSIS.
. INULA.
54.
. CUPULARIA,
VICOA.
56. SMALLANTHUS,
77
t
oO
Ct
e
c
3.
. HELIOPSIS.
. POLYMNIA.
. ACANTHOSPERMUM.
. SILPHIUM.
. CHRYSOGONUM.
. BERLANDIERA.
. PARTHENIUM.
ZINNIA.
. TETRAGONOTHECA..
1308
CARDUACEAE
Involucre not 4- neut braets several. or numer-
ous, distin
Papp
ing, or of a few squamellae or awns on
the angles of the achenes, and rarely
Some minute ones interposed.
ne pu least pos of the disk, not ob-
essed, i.€., if compressed, ar-
y.
puc of the receptacle mere chaffy
awns or bristles: disk-corollas 4- or
5-lobed: achenes of the disk com-
pressed ; those of the ray 3-side
Po of the eee concave or con-
up
E n the involucre dry
apery: heads usually discoid :
pappus of few, slender awn
Bracts of the involucre lier dosode
or foliaceous: heads usually
d
radiate.
Receptacle hi gh, hemispheric,
conie, subuiate, columnar,
or globos
Ray- d fertile: stigmas
of the disk-flowers es
cate: pappus an awn
n a: more achene- hee
N oda sterile stigmas
of the disk-flowers with
Achen les 4-an Re SU r terete,
wingle
Disk- corel is without a
tube: ligules of the
ray purplish, rarely
white or rtt
corolla-
ube.
Achene terete.
Achenes compressed,
Dati or wing-
Receptacle ' columnar
M = os invo AT
A
Receptacle Eo bose
b Ep of p molt
re
Sepe flat or Mom rely convex,
arely Somouhdt conic.
Achene not strongly com-
des ed, not wing-mar-
Ray-flowers fer
es oa or those
“of the disk ob-
scurely angled:
herbs.
us ‘consisting of a small crown or want-
‘fe
c
c
66. VERBESINA.
(. MELANTHERA.
. SPILANTUES,
. ECHINACEA.
. VIGUIERA.
. RUDBECKIA.
. DRACOPIS.
. RATIBIDA. .
RIDAN.
CARDUACEAE
` Pappus of several
0 e ray
mostly 2-cleft.
Pappus of several
distinct paleae,
and occasionally
with 2 additional
short awns.
neues Sharply 4-an-
led or those of
the rays 3-angled:
rubs
sh S.
Ray- ona sterile or
nn ng:
e
less com-
pee ca 4. -angled.
Pappus of several
two ne Seridw
Pappus of few ear rly
deciduous awns: in-
Marice: bracts in 3
r 4 series.
Achene renee compressed.
Receptacle flat or convex:
racts ue s involu-
cre num
Intermediate. unm
of the pappus
pd esent or the awns
connected by their
bases.
Intermediate squamel-
ate o hemi-
tary or few to-
gether : achenes
19.
76.
Ld
-1
T8.
79.
oo
e
82.
. WEDELIA.
STEMMODONTIA,
PASCALIA.
. DORRICHIA.
TITHONIA,
HELIANTHUS.
. PHOEBANTHUS.
. XIMENESIA.
PHAETHUSA.
1309
1310 CARDUACEAE
with oe or
obsolet awns.
Bp RE bracts
the involucre few:
m S decurrent.
Achenes decidedly obcom-
M UOCE simple, of 10r 2
herbaceous and sev-
eral ehaffy bracts.
a of the ray with
endin marginal
bristles.
Been of the ray
ithout marginal
br istles
HUMO E manifestly ¢ ee
ter
Pappus of many similar squamel
Bac i the feudis RU forming
ir ES receptacle resembling a
aon i200 vers neutra
Pits of ae E ET with ad erose-
toothed edges: head solitary: ray-
"S
Pits of the re eceptacle with cuspidate
and erose to ae edges: heads corym-
bose: ray-flower
Paleae of the receptacle distinct, thin.
Ra pond wers wan ing squamellae of the
appus nerveles
Ray-flowers Abe pistillate and fer-
Squamellae of the pappus of the disk
ers with thick midribs and
An bri ate margins.
Squamellae of the pappus aristate-
acuminate, plumose-ciliate.
VII. HEL
DONE E 8-5-angled, or if less ene so,
t
Stigm m either short or with a distinct appendage, not
ispidulous to or below the fork; either disk- or
ay-corollas or both yellow, if purple the in-
uo. not narrow.
Bracts of the involuere wholly herbaceous, or some-
Me at chartaceous at the base, without scari-
margi
Involucre companulate or hemispheric; bracts
dh or ascending, not reflexed ; outer
the tips r refle xed.
Receptacle not bristly: pappus-scales thin
and scarious, the midrib, when present,
not beco in
Receptacle bristly, Ga ae triangular
fimbrillate, or naked: pappus-scales Scari-
83. PTEROPHYTON.
84. RIDAN.
85. SYNEDRELLA,
85a. CALYPTOCARPUS.
86. COREOPSIS.
87. BIDENS.
88. COSMOS.
89. ISNDORIMA.
90. ACTINOSPERMUM.,.
91. MARSHALLIA.
09. GALINSOGA.
O3. TRIDAX.
O4. HYMENOXYS.
95. HELENIUM.
CARDUACEAE
sss any, pA Shorter than e long linear
he
noe of the disk- -corollas cylindric, much longer
n the lan etr lobes and the tu tbe.
VI TAGETEAE
Stigmas of the perfect flowers elon ngate, appendiculate or
truncate: leaves, if simple, not bristly-ciliate.
Saan of the receptacle few, 3-10, som
a 10
n
Squamellae of the Ep n or Bie rarely less,
each with 9 or e stiff bri
Stigmas of the Doct. Aa Shere ‘elliptic: we sim-
ple, bristly-ciliate, at least to wards the bas
IX. ANTHEMIDEAE
du co with chaff, this ME of usually mem-
ran
ous, concave, elongate paleae
m
hombie or
o or ubr
obliquely triquetrous in cross-section: tube of the
disk-corollas more or less flattened: heads small:
short.
ligules of the ray few,
Bene Re aaie obovoid, or ellipsoid : heads
ens broad: ligules of the ray P COHEDACBONS
Ray-flowers fertile: paleae of n receptacle mem-
bra S, or WE in Ormenis, sub-
fending all the
Tube of Bae disk- corollas produced into a spur-
like appendage at ag ligules of the
Ray-flow wers ne eutral: paleae of the receptacle subu-
ate, stiff, subtending oniy c ee flowers.
]
Receptacle without chaff, naked o
Heads radiate, with eund “flat "cuisse
eltoid, mostly obtu
Papas Pre more oe Jess S
bose: Schede with 3-5 de on the
anther-tips
crown or
or subglo-
inner half,
Receptacle convex or rly flat: achene
equally 5-10-r ibbed or 5- 10- -angled.
Pappus, at least of the disk-flowers, wantin ng.
Achenes all 10-ribbed or 10-angled: ligules of
the ray white o: pink.
Achenes of the ray-flowers 2- or 3-winged :
i the ray llow
ligules of A
Heads discoid or apparently s : pi istillate et ea
if presen nt, without well. -developed li
Marginal ps flowers, if p nt,
las metimes aun in
a Ten EM ten
Anthers with ovate obtuse tips:
t
a o
Artemis
corollas of
he marginal lowers dni pappus coroni-
wn
o
©
e
-1
©
9.
1311
. GAILLARDIA.
. HYMENOPAPPUS.
. POLYPTERIS.
PALAFOXIA.
. FLAVERIA.
. TAGETES.
. BOEBERA.
. PECTIS.
. ACHILLEA.
. ORMENIS.
. ANTHEMIS.
. MARUTA.
. CHAMOMILLA.
. MATRICARIA.
. LEUCANTHEMUM.
. CHRYSANTHEMUM.
- TANACETUM.
113.
ARTEMISIA.
1312 CARDUACEAE
Achenes not hairy at the apex, with thin flat
wings: disk-corollas cylindric, without dif-
ferentiation between tube and roat: an-
thers broad, rounded at the base. 114. SOLIVA.
Achenes villous at the apex, with thick corky
wings: disk-corollas with a slender tube and
elongate funnelform throat: oo S narrow,
somewhat sagittate at the bas 115. GYMNOSTYLES.
X. SENECINEAE
Leaves opposite, but in our species all near uc base 116. ARNICA.
Leaves alternate.
igmas filifo rm, oo acute: throat of the
corolla eylindr
Heads with no em involucre: achene 5-angled. 117. IJMILIA.
Heads with dois er involucre present: achene 8-10
ribbed, teret 118. GYNURA.
Stigmas short, truncate at the apex: throat of the
corolla campa
Heads discoid ; corollas whitish or pinki sh
Maren vistillate flowers wanting, the flowers
Corolla. o "longer than the throat: in-
volucral bracts 5-8: center of the recep-
tacle usually with a fleshy point. . 119. MESADENIA.
Corolla-lobes not longer than the throat:
nal pistil bracts 12—15: i dr flat. 120. SXNOSMA.
more Pa than those a the isk-flowers. 121. ERECHTITES.
uU 21 radiate, if discoid the corollas
22. SENECIO.
XI. CYNA
Achenes PEINE by their very bases or ids So, not
obliq
is E “the involucre hooked: leaves not with
spinose lobes and tips. 123. ARCTIUM.
Bracts of the involucre a hooked: leaves with
spinose lobes and ti
Filaments papillose or DSE fre
Receptacle bristly: pappus- Dedes plumose. 124. CIRSIUM.
BED deeply honeycom mbed, the pits with
ed margin: pappus- “bristles scabrous
A oa e. 125. ONOPORDON.
Filaments glabrous, uui pe a tube: receptacles
istly : pappus barbell 126. MARIANA.
Achenes inserted obliquely on the T
4 ene truncate at the apex ete ac eee series
uo subtended by several spiny orsus 127. CENTAUREA.
head subtended by several spiny es. 128. CNICUS.
XII. MUTISIEAE
Heads heterogamous : marginal corollas ligulate. 129. CHAPTALIA.
1. Perennial, caulescent or scapose herbs. Leaves
alternate: blades narrow or broad, mostly toot thed. Heads not involuerate.
urple or white. Corolla-lobes one to linear. Anther-appendages
ices to elliptic. Achene 10-ri r -grooved. Pappus double, the outer
series of scales or stout bristles, the inner of numerous capillary be iles, Po
series persistent.—About 500 species, most abundant in South Ameriea.—IRON
WEEDS.—Sum.-fall or all year
Plant caulescent : leaves mainly cauline.
Bracts of the involucre, at least some of them, with filiform or subulate tips.
Leaf-blades smooth above. I. NOVEBORACENSES.
Leaf-blades scabrous above. II. SCABERRIMAE.
Bracts of the involucre obtuse, acute, or acumina
eaf-blades, at least above pid 22 se of the 'stem,
narrow, mostly of a linea III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE.
CARDUACEAE
Leaf-blades broad, of an ovate, or lanceolate type.
Le A id or thinly pubescent and
rous
Leaf-blades tomentose beneath.
Plant scapose: leaves basal or mainly So.
I. NOVEBORACENSES
Pappus purple or tawny-purple.
Head with 42 flowers or less : bracts of the involucre
Head with 55 flowers or more: bracts mainly lanceo-
late, each gradually narrowed into ip.
Pappus stramineous.
II. SCABERRIMAE
Leaf-blades broad, mostly 3 or 4 times as long as wide,
prominently serrate, sometimes coarsely so.
Leaf-blades narrow, mostly ae 16 times as long as wide,
entire or merely: aerate
M 5: oe oe closely a at the base,
the rved or spreadin
Eu ef the- mo APS a appressed at the base,
the tips not r ved.
III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE
Leaf-blades scabrous above.
Leaf-blades linear; usually narrowly so, revolute.
Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate to p a not revolute,
Mic ae smooth and glabrous or nea
eads about 13-flowered.
Heads about 21- Hlowered:
IV. ALTISSIMAE
Head with 13 flowers or less.
Head with 18 flowers or more.
appus purple or purplish.
Bracts at Ha involucre rounded at the apex,
bruptly tip
Bracs pti the involucre acute or D e.
Pappus tawny or yellowish, or stramineou
Involucre 5-6 mm. high; ; bracts aya p^ cuspidate,
Involucre 3-4 mm. high ; braets obtuse or subacute.
V. IN
Bracts of the involucre with CEDE i i. head
with mostly 29 flowers ór m
Bracts of the involucre with o ade or reflexed tips:
head 18—34-flowered.
VI. ACA
Blades of the basal oA elliptic, a spatulate,
1313
IV. ALTISSIMAE.
V. 2 n
VI. AcA
1. V. noveboracensis.
2. V. Harperi.
3. V. glauca.
4. V. pulchella.
5. V. recurva.
. V. scaberrima.
7. V. angustifolia.
8. V. dissimilis.
9. V. concinna.
10. V. Blodgettii.
11. V. gigantea.
2. V. altissima.
13. V. ovalifolia.
13. V. ovalifolia.
14. V. flaccidifolia.
15. V. missurica.
16. V. Baldwin.
or obovate, 3-7 cm. 17. V. acaulis.
Blades of the basal ieee OERA 1-2 cm. wide. 18. V. georgiana.
1. V. E (L.) Willd. Stem 1-3 m. tall, glabrous or thinly
pubescent, branching above: leaves rather numerous; blades linear-lanceolate
or eee ae 1-2 dm. long,
nate, finely serrate or nearly entire: cou
1-3 dm. br commonly irregular: invo- y
luere hemispheric, 6-7 mm. high; bracts
ciliate: pie about 10 mm. long:
4—4.5 mm. long, aay cared iiss the
sharp anoles: pappus purple or tawny-
purple.—Woods, thickets, meadows, and
open places, various provinces, Ga. to Miss.,
Ont., and Mass.
. V. Harperi Gleas Stem 1 m. tall
more, puberulent, dine dy bran ched
above: leaves numerous; blades lanceolate,
1314 |» GARDUACEAE
12-18 em. long or smaller near bud for of the stem, thin, acuminate, dentate-
serrate: corymb 3 dm. wide or , lax: involuere br oadl campanulate, 7-9
mm. high; bracts d ph en, with ovate. or r triangular- -ovate bases and erect elongate
tips, arachnoid-ciliate: achene ong, pu bescent on the ribs: pappus
dull-purple. Bi iem grounds iu pis EU in the Coastal Plain of Ga.
3. V. glauca (L.) Britton. Stem 1-2 m. tall glabrous or nearly so, oft
ecd puc above: leaves numerous; n linear-lanceolate to elliptic or
ellipti ceolate ee om short-acuminate sharply ia saliently serrate:
high; bra
eor Bb ug dm. bro ad: aa about mm. hig ets |
oe pn _llipti, "purple, the outer ones Hoe ee glabrous
rly long, with Es sharp ribs barbe d: pappus
es neous. he d ln latifolia A. Gray.]—Wooded vU and river-
rom various DIOC. N of Coastal Plain, ga. to Ala., Pa., and N
4. V. pulchella Small. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, pubescent, branched above:
leaves age age id -aneeolate or. elliptic o or sometimes narrower above,
2—10 e . lon ng, acute, rate, often sharply so, somewhat crisped, revolute,
o o not all ee: eorymb 1-1.5 dm. broad: involuere campanulate,
6-7 mm. high; bracts lanceolate to linear-elliptie, prolonged into soft linear-
subulate spreading or reeurved tips, often purplish: achene about 3 mm. lon
pappus stramineous —— Sand- hills, Coastal Plain, Ga. and S. C.
5. V. recurva Gleason. Stem about 7 dm. tall, Paci belo w, glabrate
above: leaves firm, mostly near the base of the s blades elliptic- -linear to
linear, 5-7 cm. long, or shorter above, acute, drm entire Or spar ingly
callous-toothed, E edm eames at the base: eorymb about 15 cm. wide:
involucre cylindric-campanulate, about 8 mm. high; bracts ird 5 elliptic-
a ean acuminate, B at the [v the long tips recurved or spread-
ing: long, pubescent on the angles: pappus tawny.—Dry pine-
ia, ‘Coastal "Plain, SE Ga.
6. V. scaberrima Nutt. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, glabrous or dap aru below,
usually branched: leaves firm; blades linear ‘to linear-elliptic, 1.5-8 em. long,
acute, entire or remotely d sessile or arly n: ordate Or ord at
id base: eorymb with eomparatively few he: ace nvolu e campanulate, 5—6
. high: vien ond Tee p elliptie, i into rigid subulate tips:
Shae about 2 m ong, with scabrous ribs: pappus purplish.—Sandy soil,
Coastal Plain, Fla. en N. C.
7. V. angustifolia Miehx. Stem 0.5-1 m. tall, glabrous or pubeseent, often
widely branched above: leaves numerous; blades linear, usually n 80,
a
: urbinate-
5—6 mm. high, aeute or somewhat rounded at the ; braets lanceolate to
elliptic, acute or e with more or less nde ra tips: achene 2 m
long, r eabrous ribs: pappus purplish. "iw i ier: pres
and dry hillsides, oa Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—7V. texana (A. Gray)
Small, with taw Y pappus and lower leaf surface pitted, has Ms Wem from
Meadville in S Wi Mis
. dissimilis Gleason. Stem ad 8-11 dm. tall: leaves numerous; blades
linear- e to elliptic, 10-15 e . lon ng, firm, acuminate, sharply serrate, ex-
cept the smaller upper ones, not RE seabrous above: corymb rather dense:
in es ampanulate, abo ut 4 mm hi gh; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse or obtusi sh, or the outer ones acute, arachnoid-ciliate, appressed: achene
2.5 mm. long, with hirsuce ribs: pappus bright- purple.—Dry banks and woods,
Piedmont, E Ala.
CARDUACEAE 1315
9. V. concinna Gleason. Stem 1 all or less, green, B gil leaves
Tide e narrowly eee to elliptic-linear, 10-12 poe
less, thin, acute, entire or with minute callous te glabrou TN inutely
pubescent DA i. flat: corymb rather lax volue e turbinate Mex
cs igh; braets ea hi -lanceolate, bro E than t pii i.
r ones, acute or mucronate, glabrous or slightly eili T pred ahou
Hess minutely i due pappus purplish-tawny.—Hammocks, M pen. Fla
10. V. Blodgettii Small. Stem often branched near ene base, 2-5 dm. tall,
glabrous or nearly so, corymbose above: leaves mostly near the base of he
so, 2-4.5 em. long, did or acutish, o erect
ut 5 high;
. long, with pubescent ribs: pappus uns ur slightly rou Ses 1ed.—
Low pinelands and adj. Everglades, S pen. Fla. and the Florida Keys.—The
general trend of migration of native rr P through e SEE ue
man has been southward. The range of eed, however, has bee
extended northward. Oeeasional specimens T aaa been UNE pues
half way up the pire coast.
V. gigantea hee Trelease. Stem 1—2.5 m. tall, rep often widely
Dn above: es numerous; blades mostly ellipti e, 0.8-3 dm. long,
aeute or e pea serrate: corymb 1—4 dm. broad: involuere eylindrie,
4-5 mm. high, n narrowed at the base; braets elliptic- -lanceolate to narr owly
elliptic, rounded on the back, the outer acutish, the inner obtuse, lax or loosely
spreading at maturity; achene 3 mm. long, with pu ous angles pappus
purplish. [V. oligantha Gin = —Low grounds, river-bottoms, nd swamps,
Coastal Plain and rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala. and S. C.
12. V. altissima Nutt. Stem 1-3 m. tall, glabrous, branching above: leaves
rather ae 1 eee eet rae to ea age or narrowly oe —
= long, acu Ei arpl y b m. broad;
misphe ric-cam m ,4m almost 5m m. high, rounded at the
Pus ovate to Felipe, es i acute or mucronate, appressed, po
achene 3 mm. long, with barbed ribs: pappus light-purple or deep-purple.
[V. maxima Small] — —Low grounds, alluvial banks, bottoms and fields, various
provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Mo., and Pa.
13. V. ovalifolia T. & G. Stem 1-2 m. tall, glabrous or puberulent, branch-
ing above: leaves rather numerous; blades s elliptic, or the upper rd ences
late, all acute, or short-acuminate, r a coarsely toothed, abruptly o
b
times gradually contracted at the base: corymb 1-3 dm. broad: invol due
campanulate, 5-6 mm. high; d lanceolate to clliptie, acute or cuspidate,
mainly appressed: achene 2.5—3 long, slightly barbed along the
ribs:
pappus stramineous or pale- PUE .—Rich woods and sandy stream-banks,
Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and Ga.
a. V. flaccidifolia Small. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall glabrous, glaueous, with
lender branches above: leaves rather numerous; blades thin, pre did to pii
avec: 0.8-2 dm. long, ae uminate, sha arply serrate, some tim oubly
short-petioled: corymb 1-2 road; "branehe es slender: iuc dont ded.
3—4 mm. high; bracts ovate to » ipte, light green or Te at the tip, obtuse or
subacute, ciliate, not spreading: mm. long, with sharp barbed ribs:
pappus pale stramineous.—Rich NO dE po run -banks, and wooded hillsides, Blue
Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to ' Ala., Tenn., and S. C.
15. V. Ste tall, tomentose, branching above: leaves
Doudou "blades "elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1-3 dm. long,
1316 CARDUACEAE
aeute or short- acuminate, sharply and pee E nd ba 1-4 dm
broad: involucre eampanulate to cylindrie-eampanulate, 7—8 m bracts
ovate to elliptic, acute or apiculate: ae 4—5 mm. long, p. ooth and
glabrous ribs: pappus tawny or tinged with purple. [V. Drum mondi Werner
not Shuttl. "mi Pc Ens. and rich sandy bs various pieni ps of
, Kan nd Ont.—V. culata, Mi
euate or founded d inv Aree frs has been reported en Starkville in NE Miss
V. Baldwinii Torr. Stem 1-1.5 m. tall, tomentose, branching abov
ps blades elliptic to ovate, r: dm. long, short- acuminate, sharply ja
pe 1-3 dm. wide, irregular: involucre campanulate to hy Mr 5-7
high; bracts closely imbricate ook the base, spreading o reflexed at the
SQUE acumina tips: achene 3 mm. long, pubescent n. resinous: pappus
tawny or purpli Dus Ba EN and hills, Interior TE ue Tenn. to Okla.
and Mo. "
V. acaulis (Walt.) Gleason. Scape minutely pubescent, 2—7 dm. tall:
leaves basal; blades elliptic, oblanceolate, spatulate, or AE ma inly 1- -
long, obtuse or acutish, serrate or de ntate eres doubly s Soe
, 7—8 mm. Du Aes linear to linear-lan eolate, narrow ee into suu
achene 3 n barbed upward in the ribs. pappus pale-stramineous.
UA oligophylla Miche. Dry woods or ndn Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.
V. georgiana s Scape puberulent, 2-10 dm. tall: leaves basal;
blades Ee 5-15 em. long, acute or obtuse, ise narrowed at t the
base, scabrou oe e: in Bn ere eampanulate, 6-7 hi igh; braets narrow,
subuiate at the ap glabrous or obseurely alae the pone with spreading tips:
3 mm. long, pubescent: pappus pale- -stramineous.—Dry pinel ands,
Seen Plain, Ga. and S. C.
2. SENECIODES Post & Kuntze. Annual, caulescent herbs. Leaves
alternate: blades broad, toothed. Heads corymbose. Flowers pale-purple or
white; nearly as in Vernonia. Achene terete,
ibless. Pappus double, the inner series
deciduous.—About 12 species, natives of the
Old World
1. = Hunde (L.) Kuntze. Stem corym-
bose above, 1 all or 2 DUE
pubescent Teat- blades ovate to elliptic-ovate,
y 2-8 em. one, oa toothed, p
B than above: peduneles slender
braets su ubulate: p»
W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A. y—AIL year.
3. ELEPHANTOPUS [Vai L. Perennial, seapose or caulescent
1.
erbs. Leaves alternate: blades shallowly toothed. Heads involuerate. Flowers
lilae-purple. Corolla-lobes linear-lanceolate. Anther-appendages ‘deltoid to
ovate. Pappus single, of several rigid bristles terminating scale-like bases.—
About 15 species, native of tropical and warm regions.—Sum.-fall.—ELEPHANT-
FOOTS
Stem leafy: leaves mainly cauline, all of the same type. CAROLINIANI,
Stem naked or with few bract-like leaves: leaves mainly basal. n TOMENTOSI.
CARDUACEAE 1317
I. CAROLINIA
A rather coarse, softly hirsute herb, with thinnish leaf-blades. 1. E. carolinianus.
. II. au
TR pu of the involucre 8 long or less: pappus
bri s 3. 5-5 mm. long: midrib "of the leaf pubescent be-
Bo ith appressed hair
Stem w vith: spreading rather iain reflexed hairs: rae
closely and softly pubescent: scale-like base of the pappus
gradually narrowed into the tip. 2. E. elatus.
Stem with appressed rather than spreading hairs: leaf-
blades glabrous or sparingly pu abesccn ©. seale-like base of
the pappus abruptly aara ed into ue ti 3. E. nudatus.
Longer Ba of the involucre 9-12 mm. long: pappus-bristles
6-8 long: midrib of the leaf pubescent beneath with
Bprendins and reflexed hairs. . E. tomentosus.
E. carolinianus Willd. Stem 3-9 dm. tall rather hirsute: leaf-blades
elliptic: or oval, E em. long, discs serrate or repand: inner bracts of the
Le e 8-10 mm. long, aeute: achene 3.5—4
ign ng. —Woods and thickets, various.
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and N. J. S
2. E. elatus Bertol. Stem 7-12 dm
mainly hirsute: blades of the basal Eo
: |
spatulate to ovate-elliptie, 10-2 g,
erenate-serra n inner bracts of the involucre
bt ac 2. ong: bases of
5-3 mm, ]
the . pappus- alles minute.—Dry soil,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to
Ark. and S. C. |
3. E. nud atus A Gray. Stem 2-8 dm. t
mainly strigose; blades of the basal mem
TE to spa a crenate-serrate:
ner of the involucre acuminate or abruptly pointed: bases of the
pappus. bristles cores than the breadth of the achene.—Sandy soil, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La., Ark., and Del
e us L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, mos hirsute AD. blades of the
basal pos elliptic, oval, or elliptic ‘oblanceolate, crenate-serrate: inner bracts
of the involucre acuminate: bases of the pappus- bristles as qm as the breadth
of the penne: — Pinelands and dry woods, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ky.,
and Va.
4. STOKESIA L’Her. Perennial, stout, pubescent herbs. Leaves al-
ternate: blades ppinulose: ciliate near the base, elongate. Heads large, showy,
orymb, many-
Involucre broad and depressed:
bracts foliaceous, the outer entire, lax, the
inner with a large pectinate-spinulose ap-
pendage on a small base, the innermost, nar-
row, entire. Receptacle flat, naked. Corol-
las various, the inner ones pues with 5
narrow lobes; the outer ligulate, the ma:
blad
nal ones ridus e dites
ub Anthor appendages ovate. Achene
stout, 3- or 4-angled. Pappus of
4 o
slender ps awns.—One species, remark-
able in its group on account of the ligulate
marginal corollas.
1318 CARDUACEAE
1.
leaves few; blades various, P of the basal and lower cauline elliptie to nar-
rowly elliptic- lanceolate, narrowed into pet hole: like bas ES and dilated at p»
base, those of the upper Pine laneeolate P elliptic-lanceolate or M bc
olate, elasping: heads solitary at the ends of stem or its few branches: E Ue
bristly: corolla purplish-blue or dein ies te, a lobes all Dunt opum ate:
achene narrowly obovoid, about 5 mm. long, the angles pes thickened. [S.
cyanea L’Her.] —Moist M d id Fla. to La. and S. C.—Spr.-
sum.—Rare east of Ala. Much more showy than its relatives, the ironweed and
the elephant-foot. ae cultivated.
5. RT A. Gray. Perennial, glabrous, slender herbs.
Leaves id blades elongate, entire. Heads rather small, smooth, incon-
Spieuous, loosely corymbose, few-flowere
Involuere » binate: braets T en-
tire. Receptacle elevated, with few bractlets
near the edge. orolla with a very short
ne
S. laevis ae. e Stem 2-5 dm. b ee aie aaa so above:
Anthers unappendaged. chene en-
ee upward. Pappus of several slender A
bristles or wanting.—One species represent- A
ing a group of genera otherwise mainly tropi- MAIL
eal American. M E
NN
N
.
A
-
1. H. floridana A. Gray. Stem 5 dm
tall, bran ve pos basal leaves elongate;
blades spatulate, elliptic, or angen ee
late, long-petioled: blades of the ae casos narrowly ne. to linear:
branches of the inflorescence with amall clavate scales: bracts of the involucre
a to ned. puli ate, 4-5 mm. long, obtuse: corollas 2 or purple, 3—3.5
. long; lobes ovate: achene obpyramidal, 4.5-5.5 mm. long.—Swamps and
Bde. N Fla. aad N part of the pen.—Sum.-fall.—One of the rarer florida
plants. The basal leaves resemble those of Limonium.
LI
Ael eo
ed
(Z^
eT
6. SCLEROLEPIS Cass. Perennial, stoloniferous herbs. Leaves whorled:
blades narrow, entire. Heads solitary, not showy. Involucre broad, many.
flowered: bracts narrow, appressed. Recep-
taele conic, naked. Corollas with a very
short tube and a funnelform throat, the lobes
road. Anther-appendages ovate. Achene
narrow, sharply i ae Pappus of 5 broad
seales. —One s spee
uniflora (Walt.) B. S. P. Stem 2-7
ate a
e acute or acuminate: corolla rose-purple
or pink, nearly 2 mm. long, the tube shorter s the throat: a slightly
broadened upward, 1 mm. long, excluding t the stipe-like base: pappus-seales
broad, shorter than the achene, blunt. [S. PER Cass. 1- Bogs and pine-
CARDUACEAE 1319
Spr.-fall.—Usually growing in water or at least in n soft m ud. Sometimes very
densely matted and Gea ere on account of the very numerous whorled
leaves and the numerous stems each with an erect small head.
7T. AGERATUM L. Annual or rarely perennial, stiff. herbs or partly
woody plants. Leaves usually opposite: blades toothed. Heads cor ymbose.
Involuere campanulate. Receptacle elevated. Flowers blue, purple, pink, or white.
Corolla-lobes erect, deltoid. Anther-appendages ovate. Achene 5- -angled short.
Pappus of several short blunt or long slender- -tipped scales, or cup-like or erown-
like.—About 30 species, tropical American, several widely eultivated.—
AGERATUMS
Pappus cup-like or crown-like, the scales very short: sais glabrous: foliage
glabrous: leaves succulent. A. littorale.
Pappus of distinct Scales as lo ong as the Me cues
Involucre over 4 mm ; bracts long- ET i
decidedly longer than s 'ach 2. A. Houstonianum.
Involucre less than 4 mm. hi igh: ' bracts Short-tipped :
pappus about as long as the ache ene, . A. conyzoides.
1. A. littorale A. Gray. Stem 2-7 dm. ta ll, glabrous, often branched at the
base: leaf- E ovate, 1-5 em. long, crenate- -serrate, usually cuneate at the
ase: corymbs terminating long p oo
j olucre 4 m
the numerous blue flower-heads.
eultivated locally.
2. A. Houstonianum Mill Stem 3-11 dm
tall, ed buda De with crisped
hairs, som s branched: leaf-blades ovate
to deltoid poss "ne em, long, crenate,
thick: involucre about 5 mm. high in an-
Fed braets subulate to linear- vp copiously pubescent: > nearly
3 mm. long: achene about 2 mm. long, stout: pappus-scales near ly 2
a the slender tip less than e as long as the body.—Pinelands and cult.
grounds, Fla. Nat. of Mex.—( .)—Sum —fall. -——Commonly cultivated
for ornament. The flowers a: are very fragran nt.
A. conyzoides L. St ‘dm. tall, sparingly p Or A ví
glabrous, earn TA anched: ead: nen ovate to deltoid- -0vate, 1.5-4 cm. long,
h: involuere about 3 mm. high in an bs esi * bracts subulate E
ur subulate, sparingly pubescent: corolla nearly 2 mm. long: e 1.5 m
long, slender: pappus-scales about 1.5 mm. long, the p tip fully Ee
eR. the small body. EA -places ond cult. grounds, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Miss. and N. trop. Am.—Sum.—fall.—Has smaller heads
than m precede species md. is pe commonly cultivated.
8. MIA Sch h. Bip. Shrubs or perennial herbs, with much-branched
stems. Leaves oped e: blades broadest below the middle, often coarsely
toothed. Heads borne in corymbs, relatively few-flowered. Flowers lilae, pale-
purple, bluish-purple, or white. Involucre narrowly ovoid or stout-cylindrie:
1320 CARDUACEAE
mE in several series, iri QR the outer very short, the inner long and
OW. orolla-lobes ovate or ; nther-appendages triangular.
ciens elongate, angled. Pappus E t bristles.—More than 50 species,
tropieal.
Tips of the involucral bracts spreading, bluish, much thinner than the body: inne
bracts Mom upward: achene wing-an led. 1. O. aeon.
Tips e involucral bracts SED light-green or dark-gree
= a pale, linear, each wi ith a minute colored ees
aH de not wing-angle
B A the involucre 5-1- ribbed, the inner acute: involucre
n 8 mm. high. 2. O. frustrata.
Bracts TOP “the involucre 3-ribbed, the inner obtuse: involucre ;
r 8 mm. high. 3. O. odorata.
. O. ivaefolia (L.) Small. Stem 3-15 dm finely pubescent or some-
times E hirsute: leaf- blades lanceolate, te ACEO ES or dti Du
l-7 e ong, acute, with d petiole-like
6 m hi
«xd.
eral tropical plants that occur in
only in or e the lower end of the Mississippi
Fam eg e bas
2. O. frustrata (B. L. Ro Sinon) Small.
Stem 5-20 dm. tall, pui pubeseent,
with mostly ascending branches: leaf-blades
ovate, deltoid-ovate, or on ger 2—9
cm. long, acute or obtuse, with r ather slender petiole-like bases: involucre
about 7 mm. high; dp sometimes slightly green-tipped: e paises pale -purplish
or bluish, about 4 mm. long: achene stoutis ed than 4 mm. long. [Eu-
patorium heteroetinum Chapm . not Griseb. m ocks, S pen Ya. and the
Keys.—All year.—An endemic species. T Mec. abundant in the Cape
Sable region and i in hammocks of the Ten Thousand Islands.
O. odorata (L.) Sch. Bip. Stem 6-28 dm. tall, pubescent, with divergent
branches: leaf-blades ovate to ni 4-12 em. long, acuminate, with long
slender petiole-like base involuc e 9-10 mm, high; bracts decidedly green-
tipped: eorolla white or ae -lilae pom 5 mm. ed e very slender, over
ong. [Eupatorium conyzoides Vahl. |—Hammock pen. Fla. and the
Key m UO. I., Mex , 8. A.) —AM year MES p of our three species,
often forming 'dense "thickets on the Florida Keys.
EUPATORIUM [Tourn.] L. Sh rubs or caulescent herbs. Leaves
aun ave or opposite: blades entire, toothed, or dissected. Heads borne in
ory Involuere campanulate, turbinate or cylindric: bracts appressed.
Co oils mo pink, lilac, red, or purple. Corolla-lobes ovate or triangular. An-
ther-appendages ovate. Achene angled. Pappus of capillary bristles. —More
than 500 species, mostly in warm and tropieal region. —The leaves are sometimes
whorled.
pun —" temperate plants of various habitat
eaf-blades dissected or pinnatifid, the e neus narrow.
I. CAPILLIFOLIA.
CARDUACEAE 1321
Leaf-blades entire, toothed,. or merely incised.
Leaves alternate or merely ono eens sometimes
whorled on individual plant
Involucre of Ad imbricate p bracts in
sever
Leaf-blades petioled or merely sessile.
Leaf-blades petioled, often n long-petioled.
Head 15-flowered: involucre cam-
panulate : leaf-blades of a lanceolate
type, borne horizontally. | LH. SEROTINA.
Head about 5-flowered : aone cylin-
dric: leaf-blades of an ovate type,
borne vertically. . III. CRASSIFOLIA.
Leaf-blades sessile or essentially so.
Leaf-blades narrowed at the base.
Braets of the involucre acute, acu- .
minate, or mucronate. IV. ALBA.
Bracts of the involucre obtuse or
indiv idually mucronulate. V. HYSSOPIFOLIA.
f-blades broad at the base. . "VI. ROTUNDIFOLIA.
Leaf-blades connate-perfoliate or connate-
clasping. VII. PERFOLIATA.
Involucre of nearly equal bracts in one row, or
= few outer ones shorter. VIII. UrTICAEFOLIA.
Leaves in aioe of 3-6. IX. PURPUREA.
Shrub: opie plant of hammocks, X. VILLOSA
I. CAPILLIFOLIA
Leaf-segments filiform
nflorescence-branches secund-recurved: inner invo di u-
cral bracts prommenily ae aaa. gradually
[one arista 1. E. leptophyllum.
Iuforcoccnco Di anches fastigiate: inner involucral
acts obscurely scarious, pierre short-aristate. . 2. HE. capillifolium.
Leaf-segments linear, linear- ‘filiform, or lanceolate.
eaf-blades 1- or 2-par
Bdorcs nes panióulate or thyrsoid.
Heads 3-6-flowered, not eiomeraté on the inflo-
rescence-branches : bracts of the involucre
punctate and viscid. 3. E.compositifolium.
Heads 6-9-flowered, glomerate or clustered at the
ends of the inflorescence- branches: bracts of
the involucre he oe punctate nor viscid 4. E. Eugenei.
Inflorescence corym D. E. pinnatifidum.
Leaf-blades mainly pectinately pinnatifid. 6. E. pectinatum.
II. SEROT
Tall rather coarse, herb with coarsely ee long-
petioled leaf-blades not placed vertically. T. E. serotinum.
CRASSIFOLIA
Low, somewhat ds herbs, with repand or crenate- . .
dentate petioled leaf-blades placed vertically. 8. E. mikanwvoides.
IV. ALBA
WS of the upper cauline leaves linear or of a linear .
9. E. leucolepis.
Blades E d upper cauline leaves ovate, lanceolate, or
Bracte of the mature involucre copiously fine-pubescent,
a arious- -margined, the inner ones 5.5 mm. long or l
10. E. anomalum.
Boo of the mature involucre glabrous or with seat- —
hairs, more or o AA LIOUR: margined, the
inner ones 7 mm. long o
Inner bracts of the involucre of petaloid, long-
ct
t
acuminate, uw d subulate 1. E. album.
Inner bracts the invuluere petaloid, short- |
mucronate, linear patula te. 12. E. petaloideum.
HYSSOPIFOLIA
Leaf-blades linear, often narrowly so or n filiform.
Inner bracts of the involucre uid I long, outer
bracts lanceolate: achene 2.5-3 lone 13. E. hyssopifolium.
1322 CARDUACEAE
oe bracts of the involucre less than 4 mm. long,
uter bracts ovate: achene about 2 mm. long.
Leaf-blades broader
Inner bracts of ‘the involucre linear: leaf-blades entire
or coarsely toothed, but the teeth not salient.
Inner bracts of the involucre 4 mm. long or more.
Leaf-blades peeteay or predominantly narrowed
upwar
Pence. spreading:
ye aes hs broadly
inner bracts of the in-
linear: achene about 3
ong
eaves inner bracts
yg gs narrowly linear:
of the in-
achene about 2
Leaf-blades s typically or predominantly broadened
Blades of the cauline-leaves entire or nearly
so: achene about 3 mm. long.
Blades of the cauline leaves coarsely toothed :
achene d F a n oor
Inner bracts of the 35m long or 1l
Inner pete of the iE lipti: EEES stiff,
prominently ribbed, usually saliently toothed.
. ROTUNDIFOLIA
iir crenate, serrate-crenate, or dentate-serrate or
d incised : braets of the involucre acute or
e,
Branches of the inflorescence oc ana blades of the
upper foe coarsely few-t
Brana n the inflorescence Done 2s of the
r le Pisos. more finely and evenly thed.
Leaf. blades about as wide as long, the ee ones
of deltoid a ee dam type, truncate or
subcordate at t
Leaf- pese longer chan w vide, the upper ones of a
ype, Pounded- or broadly cuneate at the
bas
Involucre over 6 mm. long: achene nearly 3 mm.
lon
Involuere less than 6 mm. long: achene about 2
ong.
Leaf-blades anata serrate: bracts of the involucre ob-
tuse.
VII. PERFOLIATA
Leaf-blades connate-clasping: bracts o involucre
mostly less than 12: head more than 15-flowered.
Involucre cylindric- turbinate, over 4 mm. high, acute at
h ; inner bracts linear, psi.
high, rounded
acts elliptic, abruptly short-
inted o
Leaf- blades connote ario liate, except in E. perfoliatum
truncatum: bracts of the in volucre mostly more than 12:
head less than 15-flowered.
VIII. c E
Corolla pink to — P4 wholly glabro
Corolla white, the lobes pubescent, Some Cie very slightly
Leaf-blades sharply or saliently toothed, the upper
auline-leaves — slender-petioled, with petioles
wees or quite one-half as long as the blades
ME plants; blades of the leaves of "tH
S ypically nearly or quite,1 dm. long, of
.an pci type.
Involucre mostly less than 20-flowered, 3
o: or less at maturity; bracts mostly 13 a
ewer.
Involucre mostly- more than 25-flowered, 4 mm
and E more at maturity ; bracts mostly 16
Small- Juve ere ; blades of the leaves of the
stem typically less than 6 cm. lo ong, of a hastate
or deltoid type.
15. E.
f=!
c
1T.
19.
bo
jà
to
co
to
e
z
30. E.
E.
. lecheaefolium.
Torreyanum.
recurvans.,
tortifolium.
cuneifolium.
semiserratum.,
altissimum.
. verbenaefolium,
. rotundifolium.
pubescens.
scabridum.
sessilifolium.
. Chapmanit.
. cuneatum.
. perfoliatum.
incarnatum.
urticaefolium.
roanensis.
. jucundum.
CARDUACEAE 1323
. Leaf-blades crenate, the teeth blunt or rounded, the
ca -
Involucre sparingly pubescent; inner bracts nearly
linear spatulate, glabrous or sparingly ciliate,
Scarious-margin 3. E. aromaticum.
Involucre copiously ` pubescent ; inner bracts spatu-
late or narrowly cuneate, copiously ciliate, not
scarious-margined. 4. E. latidens.
IX. PURPUREA
Stem hollow, very glaucous: leaf-blades elliptic- -lanceolate,
crenate-serrate,_ 35. E. maculatum.
Stem prod purple at the nodes: -blades very thin:
flowers not ill-scented : corollas p e 36. E.trifoliatum.
Stem no rple at the nodes: leaf- Dr ee
rugose: flowers ill-scented: corollas c T. E. purpureum.
X. VILLOSA
Shrub with ovate or deltoid-ovate leaf-blades. 38. E. villosum.
= E. le D DC. Stem 4-13 dm. tall, glabrous, with recurved-
und branches above: leaf- blades 2 filiform segments: bracts of the in-
ug: long: tipped, the inner betw and
m w
m. long: corolla white, a pi mm
long: achene ful mm. long.—(F
EL.)— ounds, margins of ponds, and
NEL.
swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss, and
S. C.—Sum.-fall, or all year S.
capillifo lium (Lam.) Small Stem
2 and 3 mm.
mm. long: idi fuly 1 m ong.—(Doa
FENNEL.)—Hammocks, old fields, roadsides,
and banks, Coastal Plain and | adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and Del.—Sum.-fall.
EEA Walt. Stem 6-12 dm. tall puberulent to T
long: corolla white, 3 mm. long: achene 1.5-2 —(Doa-r FENNEL. 2—Dry
soil, especially in » pinelands Coastal "Plain ud tu “provine es, Fla. to Tex.,
and N. C. Sum
4 E. Puede Small. Stem 6-14 dm. tall pubescent: leaf-blades with
linear, entire, or toothed segments, i those of the upper leaves merely toothed
or incised: inflor e a plumose: bracts of the involucre mucronate, the
inner 3-3.5 mm. long: corolla whit "25 3 mm. long: achene less an 2 mm.
long.— Pinelands and ea Coastal Plain and adj. Piedmont, Fla. and Ala.—Fall.
9. E. pinnatifidum Ell Stem 6-12 dm. tall, finely DE leaf-blades
with linear or nearly linear segments: involuere ide - 3 Pes mg; cts
r- abou mm. g: cor
cus e i ong:
iip: fully 1 mm. long.—Dry soil and damp Mee mug of nd Aen Plain
adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala. and N. um.—fall.
6. E. pectinatum Small Stem 9-20 dm. tall, finely pubescent, hp ai
above: leaf-blades elliptie in outline, or broadest above or below middle:
involuere 4-5 mm. long; bracts obtuse or retuse-aristulate, the i ri 5—4 mm.
long: corolla white, 3 mm. long: achene fully 1 mm. long. — Sandy soil, Coastal
Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Sum.-fall.
1324 CARDUACEAE
7. E. serotinum Michx. Stem 8-20 dm. tall, finely pubescent, Mri
Dg,
above: leaf-blades herbaceous, T edi late to ovate- lanceolate, 5-25 . lon
acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate: involucre less than 5 mm. ines bracts
linear to linear-elliptie, broadened upward, ro S ici = the apex, white-
a p the Prid 3-3.5 mm. long: corolla EU 3 mm. long: achene less
than 2 ong.—Rich rA DN and wet Sod various provinces,
Fla. to Tex, Ia., and Md.—Sum.-fal
8. E. aen Chapm. Stem 5-11 dm. tall, tomentulose, at least Kana
young: f-blades vertical, 2m deltoid-ovate to hastate- ovate, or sometim
elliptie, 3 i = . long, obt tuse or acutish , repand or crenate-den tate: ioc
over MR mm. long; braets em abru uptly on B margined, the peu
4—5 m pu corolla white or pinkish, nearly 4 m ong: achene fully 1 m
long. Me m ed soil damp, sandy or marly Be EM and salt dates
Fla.—Sum.-fal
9. E. leucolepis T. & G. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, Pea or tomentu-
lose above; leaf-blades en i lanceolate, 3— 8 ¢ m. long, r dedii serrate Or
nearly entire: involucre tomentulose; braets slenderly acumin e inner
ones Don lucir 6- 6.5 m ues ur white, about 3.5 mm. o ng: achene
2.5 ong. [E. Mohri Gon ` "Pine ands, and en sandy bogs, Coastal
Plain, "pla. to La. and N. Y.—Sum.-fall.
10. E. anomalum Nash. Stem 8-15 dm. tall, rape yeu leaf- eo ovate-
lanceolate to ovate, 3-7 cm. long, coarsely and sharply serrate involucre
2 Pr m bracts a cute or short-acuminate, the inner narrowly linear,
m. long: corolla e about 3.5 mm. long: achene 2-2.5 m
Re soil, Fla. Su um.—fall.
11. E. album L. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, harshly D jd blades elliptic
to lanceolate, or those at the base of the stem ovate to obovate, 3-10 em. lon ng
serrate: involucre cylindric-turbinate, the inner io near subulate, 8-9 m
long, ael dus corolla white, about 5 mm. long: achene t 3 mm
long.— eid, sandy soil, in pinelands and deeiduous woods, Du Plain
and T Provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., and N. Y.—Sum.-fall.
12. E. petaloideum Britton. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, rough a leaf-
blades elliptic to ovate or ovate-lanceolate, or the lowe er ones oval or obovate,
2-8 em. long, bluntly ie or erenate-s errate: involuere ber shaped, the
inner brac ts spatulate, 10-11 mm. long, or sometimes
ate:
eorolla white, 4 mm. long: achene about 3 mm. long. c or Coastal "Plain,
Fla. and Ala.—Sum.-fall.
13. E. hyssopifolium L. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, pe ae cud nda
ong, sometimes undulate: involuere 5-6 mm. high; nar-
5.5 on
corolla white, 3.5—4 mm. long: achene 2.5-3 mm. long.—Woods, ent end
thickets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ky., and Mass.—Sum.-fall.
4. E. lecheaefolium Greene. m 3-7 dm. tall, ddp Or Ey =
beseent: leaf-blades narrowly linear, 1-8 cm. long, e ees e 3-4
high; inner braets elliptie, ciliolate at the mucron rolla RP te,
2.5-3 mm. long: achene about mm. long.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
Ga. and Al a.—Sum.—fall.
15. E. Torreyanum Short. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-bla des
broadly linear to narrowly lanceolate, coarsely and sharply serrate to laciniate
isc turbinate: bracts broadly eae, ciliate, the inner 5-5.5 mm. bu
CARDUACEAE 1325
corolla white, 3 mm. long: achene 3 mm. long.—Low woods and wooded hill-
sides, often in acid soil, various cud Fla. to Tenn, Ky., and Pa.—
Sum.-fall.
16. E. recurvans Small. Stem 4-9 dm. tall, finely cap v eaves mo
or less reflexed; blades QE elliptie to lanceolate 1.5-4 e ong, el
and bluntly toothed: oa ucre cylindric: bracts n narrowly ice slightly ae
the inner abou . long: corolla white, 3 mm. long: b about 2 m
lon tiem Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Sum
17. E. tortifolium Chapm. Stem 3-7 dm. tall tomentulose above: leaf-
e Back oblaneeolate, or nearly linear, 1-3 em. long, entire or shal-
n and remotely toothed: outer bracts of the involucre ovate; inner bracts
lin ar: corolla white, about 3 mm. long: achene about 3 mm. long.—Sandy
B and dry pinelands, Coastal "Plain, Fla. to Ala. and S. C.—Sum.-fall.
18. E. cuneifolium Willd. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, tomentulose above: leaf-blades
cuneate, elliptie-euneate, or linear-elliptie, 1— 3 cm. long, serrate, or the upper
ones individually entire: ane e s of the involucre oval; inner bracts nar-
rowly elliptic: corolla white, 3.5 m m. long: achene about 2.5 mm. long.—
Rich woods, Coastal Plain uA adj. proce. Fla. to Ala. and S. C.—Sum.-fall.
19. E. semiserratum DO. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, tomentulose: leaf-blades
in -patulate to elliptic, 3-10 em. long, sharply serrate: involucre nearly
ric; bracts ara ciliate, n pale-margined, the inner enint 3—3.5 mm.
tong corolla white, 2—-2.5 mm. long: achene about 2 mm. ong.—Sandy soil,
eae aud pond- p c Plain and adj. E Fla. to Tex
Mo, a d Va.
a imum L. Stem 8-20 dm. tall, — tomentulose: leaf-blades
linear- Janceolat te to linear- elliptie, mostly 4-1 em. long, sha arply serrate:
ned campanulate; bracts ciliate, Hid m -margined, the inner T
4.5-5 mm. long: co rolla white, Nm 4 mm. long: achene 3—3.5 mm. long.—Dry
soil, ad provinees, Miss . to Tex., Ia., Pa., and N. C.—Sum.—fall.
21. E. verbenaefolium Michx. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, finely p n
blades ovate to lanceolate, 2-12 em. long, coarsely serrate: brac of the
1p
l
elliptic, 4—4.5 mm. long: corolla white, 3 mm. long: achene about 3 mm. long.—
S soil, o Me nd acid swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees,
Fla. to La., Tenn., and Mas c. —fall.
22. E. rotundifolium L. Stem 3— ng dm. tall, a leaf-blades sub-
orbicular to orbicular-ovate, 24 ong, erenate or nate-dentate: inter-
mediate bracts of the involucre acuminate, inner pim 9.5-6 mm. long,
narrowly nua oe white, about 3 mm. long: achene fully 2 m an ng.—
(FALSE-HOARHOUND.)—Dry w woods, pinelands, and swamps, Coastal Plain and
adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Ark., and R. I.—Sum fall.
23. E. pubescens Muhl. Stem 3-15 dm. tall canescent-tomentulose: leaf-
blades ovate, 2-10 em. long, serrate or incised- -serrate: intermediate bracts of
the involucre acute or abruptly p the inner ae 9.5-6 mm. long, linear-
elliptie: eorolla white, abou ong: achene 2.5-3 long.—Rocky
a acid, sandy banks s, and «E Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla.
to Miss , Tenn., xim Me.—Sum.-fall.
24. Ẹ. scabridum Ell. Stem 4—12 dm. tall, eanescent-tomentose: leaf-blades
elliptie to ovate-elliptie, 2-8 em. long, serrate or ineised-serrate: bracts of the
1326 CARDUACEAE
e abruptly nase ee inner 4-5 mm. long, linear-elliptic: corolla
—3 mm. long: ne fully 2 mm. long.—Low pinelands, Coastal
Plain. Fla. to S. C.—
25. E. sessilifolium L. Stem 4-15 dm. tall, tomentulose above: leaf-blades
lanceolate, 8-25 cm. long, acuminate, sharply serrate, sessile, sometimes slightly
el hi
asping: bracts of the involucre obtuse, the inner linear-elliptic, mm.
long: corolla white, 3 mm. long: ac chene 3-3.5 mm. lm g.— Thicke ets, n woods
and rocky banks, various E rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to , Mo.
Vt., and Mass. — Sum.-fal
26. E. Chapm Small. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, tomentulose above: leaf-
Lipi AA ra ae -ovate, or narrowly ovate, 2- 10 em. long, erenate; inner
brac he involucre acuminate, linear, 4—4.5 m eaten corolla white, ' mm
eu poe about 1.5 mm. long. L Sandy woods, Fla. —Sum
27. E. cuneatum elm. ap 5—16 dm. tall, tomentose above: leaf-blades
lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 9-20 em. long, finely crenate-serrate: inner
bracts of the involucre abr ruptly short- -pointed or obtuse, elliptic, 3-3.5
long: corolla white, 3 mm. lo e achene 1.5 mm. long.—Low gr rounds, Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to La., Mo., and N. CQ.—Sum.-fall.
28. E. perfoliatum L. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, tomentulose above: leaf-blades
lanceolate, 8-25 em. long, erenate-serrate, connate-perfolia te (or truncate in
E. perfoliatum truncatum): inner bracts of the involueres cuneate- e
acuminate, 6—6.5 mm. long or shorter: corolla white, 3-4 m long: ene
mm. long, or mostly shorter.—(Bon NESET. 'THOROUGHWORT. )—Moist meadows,
and dilate various provinces, Fla. to Tex., N. D., and N. B.—Sum.-fal
E. incarn Walt. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, minutely a S leaf-
ae thin, ovate to deltoid, and A somewhat hastate, ie em. long,
acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate, on long and slender petioles: involucre
narrow; bracts linear or nearly so, or the po subulate, often ciliolate at the
apex, the outer ones often p especially near E base, the inner
mm. long: corolla lilae, about mm. long: achene 2-2.5 mm. long.—Rich
sandy p Coastal Plain and PH provinees, Fla. to i. Ind. and Va.—(Mez.
S
30. E. icaefolium Reichard. Stem 4—12 dm. tall, D or glabrate:
leaf-blades thin, ovate or rarely ovate-lanceolate, 4-12 em. long, acuminate,
coarsely serrate, long-petioled: involucre turbinate: bracts narrowly linear,
X j n
5 mm. HIT
SANICLE.)—Rie rue and thiekets, D provinces, Ga. to La., Okla., Ont.,
nd
B. mal. Stem 1 m. p or less, finely ph at least
bae leaf-blades ovate, often broadly so, 7—14 em. long, acuminate, serrate,
rather coarsely so, lon -petioled oe campanulate ; m broadly linear
or so hat s yee minutely e una e in 5- ong, acute
corolla white achene st siform, about 25 ae n
Roan 5 in “the Blue Ridge, N. c. Bud Tenn. —Sum.—
ucundum Greene. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, glabrous or minutely pubes-
cent ace: leaf-blades thin, D. often broadly so or deltoid, or somewhat
ha , 1.5-6 em. long, obtuse or acutish, coarsely crenate-serrate or incised-
state, 1.
serrate, slender-petioled : involuere cylindrie or nearly so; bracts acute or
aeuminate, the inner narrowly i 3-3.5 mm. long: corolla white, about
4 mm. long: achene about 2.5 m . lo ng.—Hammoeks and pinelands, N and
—Fall-wint.
33. L. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, puberulent or minutely pubes-
cent: leaf-blades thickish, ovate or orbicular-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2—10
CARDUACEAE 1327
em. long, obtuse or acute, csi sessile or short- ibis ipe cylindric
or turbinate-cylindric: bracts n narrow, linear, or the r ones spatulate, ciliate,
mm. long: corolla white, 4.5- nee m. long: acc cfe 2. 5-3 mm. long.—( Wi
HOARHOUND.)—Dry, acid, hs thickets, and pn cre Plain and
adj. provinces, Fla. to Mis , Tenn., Pa., and Mass.—Sum
34. E. latidens Small. Bien 7-12 dm. tall finely pubescent n elosely
so above: leaf- aa deltoid-ovate or orbieular-ovate, n suborbieular or reni-
form-orbieular on the lower part of the stem, 4—11 em. long, obtuse or acutish,
coarsely toothed, usually crenate, sess ile 4 or short- a involucre cam-
panulate; bracts broad, elliptic, or A. inner spatulate or narrowly euneate, all
paca ciliate, obtuse or acute: corolla white, 3-3.5 mm. long: achene about
. long.— Woods SALDO en "Valley, Tenn -—Sum.—fall.
35. E. maculatum Justineus. Stem glabrous, 2-5 m. tall, usually mottled:
leaves in ne of. 4—7, usually of 5 or 6; blades. duci rs 1-3 dm. long,
acuminate, firm: corymb more or less elongate, round-topped: involucre usually
- or 7-flowered: corolla 3.5-5 mm. long.—(JoE-PyE-WEED.
Moist soil, often in thickets, various provinees, Fla. to Tex., Ohio, and Me.—
Sum.-fall.
6. E. latum L. Stem glabrous or sparingly pubescent, 1-2 m. tall: leaves
in ae t DE mostly in fours; blades lanceolate to sine anecolate 1.5-2
long, acum inate: corymb convex: sn usually 5—7-flowered: corolla
9. 5.7. 5 mm. long.—(JoE-PYE-WEED. ) spem oodlands, various provinees, Ga. to
Okla., Nebr., Wis., and N. H.—Sum.-fal
37. E. p Stem more or less pubescent, scabrous, 0.5-2 m. tall, pur-
eae tinged: leaves in whorls of 2-5, usually in threes or fours; blades firm, ovate,
| d :
ng, sharply-serrate, 3-ribb rymb some nvex: involuere
rie 6-9-flowered: corolla 4.5—5.5 mm. long.—(Jox p -WEED. Pair cines soil,
often in swamps, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, S. C. to N. H.—Sum—fa lt
.88 m 5-20 dm. tall, woody, tomentulose: leaf-blades
ovate to o ovate, jm T em. long, obtuse, entire or repand: heads in small
elus : ,0 j A. mm.
ucr mpanu
png RET white or pinkish, barely 3 mm. long: achene 1.5-2 . long.—
Hammocks and pinelands, Everglade "Keys, I Fla. and Florida Keys Lr. I.)—
An
OCLINIUM DC. Perennial oo herbs. Leaves op-
PESO Dude toothed or lobed. Heads open or compact peduncled
ae Involuere campanulate or hemi-
ical. ir E flower-heads, often re-
1. ae coelestinum (L.) DC. Stem 2-11
dm. tall appressed-pubescent, branched: Mid ovate, deltoid, triangular
or triangular- lanceolate, 3-12 em. long, crenate serrate- -eren te, sometimes
or
eoarsely so, those of the lower leaves, at Len , long-petioled: involucre about
1328 CARDUACEAE
4 mm. high; bracts subulate or linear- ordei ribbed, pube en corolla
about 2.5 mm. long: achene barely 1.5 mm. long. [Eupa atorium coelestinum L.
C. don on Ohipn.]-- Ger Frowa Stream bans mars ER e thick-
ets, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans , Mic nd N. J.—(Cuba.)—Sum.-
fall or all year S. — Sometimes cultivated Nd ased 3 in Hace of species of. Á geratum.
jm Willd. Herbaeeous vines. Leaves opposite, herbaceous:
blades of a hastate or deltoid type, mostly toothed. Heads borne in corymbs.
Involuere cylindric. Corolla pink or white, with a campanulate throat: lobes
lanceolate to triangular-ovate. Androecium exserted: anther-appendages ovate.
Achene angled. Pappus of many capillary bristles. [Willugbaeya Neck. ]—
About 150 species, American. — CLIMBING HEMPWEEDS.
Bracts of the involucre acute or aciminate
Bracts of the involucre Eu ca n long. » M. batatifolia.
Braets of the involucre r4m ng. M. scandens.
Bracts of the involucre obtuse 3 M. cordifolia.
1. M. batatifolia DC. ` Plant gene leaf-blades deltoid to hastate-ovate,
1-3 cm. long, ipid or repand: heads in small Suri ied elusters: braets of
d involuere 3—4 mm. lo oi about 3- A
. long. [W. heterophylla Small.]—Ham- . la
on low pinelands, and Everglades, à ae
Fla. and the Keys s.—(W. us —A]l yea
. M. scandens (L.) Willd. Plant finely
pubescent or nearly glabrous: leaf-blades
dulate or an i2 lobed: braets of the
involucre 5-5.5 ong, acuminate Or
n e D Hs about 4 mm. long:
achen m. long.—(CLIMBING HEMP-
VINE d dece mA and swamps, vari-
ous BUE Fla. o Tex., Ont., and Me
—Sum
. M. cordifolia (L.) Willd. Plant densely pubescent: leaf-blades ovate to
hastate, 6—15 em. long, coarsely toothed, or bee cordate at the base: corymbs
roun ather flat-topped: heads numerous: involuere narrow, but rather
stout; braets elliptie to linear-elliptic, 7—8 an i ng, obtuse: corolla hap 6
mm. long—Hammocks, S pen. Fla. and the Keys.—(W. I., Mex., C. A.,
All year.—The most vigorous of the three climbing-hempweeds. is ae eloped
vines produce prodigious inflorescences. e flowers are very fragra
12. COLEOSANTHUS Cass. Perennial, branching herbs or woody
plants. Leaves opposite or alternate: blades ei broad and toothed.
Heads borne in corymbose cymes. Involucre
[Brickellia ca A 70 species, mostly
American.
1. C. cordifolius (Ell) rdiet Stem 6-12
ntulose:
e»
e
un
[e]
eo
Ru
ct
n
B
«4
i)
ct
ES-
[9]
4
B
(b
$5
H
td
. -blad vat
“lanceolate above, 5-10 cm. long, crenate-
errate: heads many-flowered: involucre
CARDUACEAE 1329
Tur de lax: outer braets linear-subulate; inner bracts A obtuse,
9-1 long: corolla pale-purple: achene slender, about 6 mm. long, spar-
ingly pubescent: pappus M oil, woods, and aa. Coastal
la. and .—fall.
13. KUHNTA L. Perennial, pubescent herbs. caves alternate: blades
narrow, or rarely of an ovate type, resinous-dotted. Heads in open or compact
corymbose or paniculate clusters. Involucres cylindric, wi narrow. Corolla
d lobes triangular to lanceolate. Anther-appendages ovate,
btuse e columnar, striate. Pappus of many capillary bristles.—A bout
10 species, WA American.—PFALSE-BONESETS.—Sum.-fall.
Peduncle and involucre finely close-pubescent : bracts of the involucre slenderly and
not very prominently ribbed, the inner ones narrowly linear
a
a y
linear blades: blades thick, entire or obseurely toothed. 1. K. Mosieri.
: east thos i-
Leaves y l those of the stem, with .blades predomi
antly a lanceolate type: blades thin, t
T toothe 2. K. eupatorioides.
e and involucre villous- tomentose: bracts of the in-
volucre broadly and prominently ribbed, the inner ones
broadly linear, 3. K. glutinosa.
1. K. Ls Small Plant 3-11 dm. tall, slender , deep-green: leaves 1-3
long, usually spreading Or du Deep linear or nearly so, entire or
ded iocus d: mature involue
high; inner bracts narrowly ae ru.
ribbbed: corolla mostly over 6 mm. e
h. [K. pan
lata (Fl. SE. U. $ ee —Pin n Tverglada
Keys, Fla.—Spec S fro s fa r west as
S Ala. may be a. to ey species.
2. K. eupatorioides L. Plant E dm. =
or less, stoutish, often pale-gre lea
3—10 em. long, ascending; blades pens
d
6 mm. long:
pappus tawny.—Woods and stream- unb
Coastal Plain and adj. PONAR Fla. to Miss., Ind., and N. J.
K. glutinosa Ell. Pla nt 12 dm. G or e stoutish, gray or grayish:
o
ra
ner bracts ord ribbed: pappus tawny. —Dry prairies or plains, various
poe Ala., to Tex., Mont., and Ill.
14. CARPHEPHORUS Cass. Perennial, simple-stemmed herbs. Leaves
alternate; blades narrow, flat, or acerose, entire. Heads in a terminal corym-
ose cyme, this sometimes cluster-like. Involucre hemispheric to campanu-
late: bracts in several series. Corolla rose-purple: throat narrowly funnelform,
longer than the narrower tube; lobes lanceolate to deltoid. Androecium included:
anther-appendages tly no ie hed. Achene fusiform, sharply ribbed. Pappus
of many pale = ilies bristles.—Four species, as follows:
84
1330 CARDUACEAE
Basal leaves with elongate acerose blades: outer bracts of the involucre mice
1. C. Pseudo-Liatris
Basal leaves with broader or linear-spatulate dn outer
pe ret of the involucre, especially the median ones,
Bracts of the eee with lax or spreading thick acute
or acutish 2. C. tomentosus,
Bracts of the duedlcre with thin or scarious erect
rounded or retuse tips
ene in a cluster-like cyme: stem copiously pubes-
nt. 3. C. corymbosus.
Heads in an open slenderly branched cyme: stem
glabrous or nearly so. 4. C. bellidifolius.
1. C. Pseudo-Liatris Cass. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, finely crisped-pubescent:
leaf-blades acerose, ee ceca to narrow seales above: outer bracts of
the involuere lanceol ; 7-8 mm.
ngo ps Lr lin EE braetiets m
lon
nea abou
pinclands, poe Plain, Fla. to c: e B
—Fal
2. C. tomentosus (Michx.
f d l
spatulate below, = obovate to elliptic-oval
dud brae of the p pen
lon
wly Tee 9-12 .
tire: eee narrowly nea or ir
spatulate: achene about 4 mm. lon E nd
Es Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. o
fal
—Rather rare
C. bosus (Nutt.) T. & G. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, no id blades
iR or elliptic-spatulate below 2 cuneate ipti or ovate a Pr ts
of the involuere searious-margined, e cilia te vate ee
long, cuneate: achene stout, about 3 mm. ier ei ptnelands, Coastal es Fla.
to N. C.—Sum.-fall.
4. C. bellidifolius (Miehx.) T. & G. Stem 3-5 dm. P glabrous or ob-
scurely pubescent: leaf-blades ed gs to linear: braets of the involuere
di scarious-margined, ciliolate, 8-9 m 0 obtuse: scien slender, about 4
m. long.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, a adj. provinces, Fla. to N. C. — Sum —fall.
15. LITRISA Small. Perennial somewhat succulent caulescent herbs,
the stems single or clustered from short, daa knotty rootstocks. Leaves
alternate, the basal ones larger than
eauline: blades fleshy-leathery, entire, d
lel-veined. Heads corymbose. Involuere
eampanulate, few-flowered; braets few, rela-
tively broad, pubescent. Corolla bright-
o
throat. Androecium included. n ond
endages ovate, nearly entire, obtuse. Ach
euneate, ribbed. Pappus of many dci
bristles.—One species.
1. L. carnosa Small. Stem 3-8 dm. tall,
finely pubescent; basal leaves in a rosette
blades mostly 2-8 em. long, linear, varying
CARDUACEAE 1331
to lanceolate or spatulate, acute; cauline leaves remote; blades sessile; in-
e erect; bracts mostly acute or mucronate, purple-tinged, the outer
ovate, the inner ho n or broadly linear, about 4 mm. dur achene 2-2.5 mm.
fall.
16. LACINIARIA Hill.1 Perennial, typically simple herbs with thick
roots. Leaves alternate, often numerous; blades narrow, entire. Heads in
spikes, racemes, panicles, or i? in cymes. Involucre ovoid to cylindric
or turbinate: bracts few or many, imbricate, rarely petaloid. Corolla
purple: throat narrow-funnelform, much longer than the slightly narrower
tube: lobes lanceolate. Anther-appendages entire or notched. Achene shor rt,
ribbed. Pappus of many barbellate or plumose bristles bu 40 species, : orth
Ameriean.—BUTTON-SNAKEROOTS. DBLAZING-STARS. RATTLESNAKE-MASTER
ran a plumose.
Bra of ae involucre with dilated or petal-like, rose, (or white), apical ap-
pe piace I. ELEGANTES.
Bracts i ihe involucre not petal-like at the a
d m. (16-60) -flowered : coro pla nee pubes:
en II. SQUARROSAE.
Hé: ads f (3.6) Fiat corolla-lobes glabrous, III. PUNCTATAE.
BERIT bristles M di:
B B olus acute, acuminate, or mucronate
ee
eee with recurved- -spreading tips. IV. PYCNOSTACHYAE.
is with erect or a ppressed tips.
Heads secund-spreading on the rachis. V. PAUCIFLORAE.
Heads not secund, erect or appressed. VI. TENUIFOLIAE.
Bracts of “the involucre obtuse or rounded at the apex
(exe EON in No. 17).
Involucre campanulate, nearly cylindric, or turbi-
nate ; fen flowered. VII. SPICATAE.
Involucre hemispheric ; i dd VIII. SCARIOSAE.
I. ELE
Petal-like tips of the involucral bracts men p" than
wide, serrulate, acuminate, 1. L. elegans.
Petal-like tips of the involucral bracts about as broad as
ong, rounded and erose-denticulate, 2. L. flabellata.
II. SQUARROSAE
Stout plant with approximate cauline leaves and large
m : 2: volucral bracts with rigid, acuminate, spread-
ing 3. L.squarrosa.
II. PUNCTATAE
Slender plant with very narrow leaves: involucral bracts
with slightly petaloid tips. 4. L. Boykinii.
IV. PYCNOSTACHY
molum braets with strongly recurved, small pee
ti . L. pycnostachya,
Tec icra bracts with slightly recurved, green tips. 6. L. chlorolepis.
V. PAUCIFLORAE
Stem oed acs glabrous: involucral bracts not glandular
punctat T. L. pauciflora.
Stem and “rachis pubescent: involucral bracts glandular
punct 8. L. secunda.
VI. TENUIFOLIA
Leaves gradually decreasing in length from ie. base of
the stem to the inflorescence.
Bracts of 2 involucre linear or nearly so, usually long-
acumin 9. L. Chapmanii.
Bracts ah “the involucre, ovate-lanceolate, usually
mucronate.
1 Contributed by Edward J ohnston Alexander.
1332 CARDUACEAE
Braets numerous, about 20, Boe or sparingly
ciliate: stem and rachis glabrou 10. L.regimontis.
Bracts few, about 10, pubescent with erisped hairs:
stem and rachis pubescen nt. 11. L. Garberi.
Leaves abruptly smaller near the base of the stem, the
lower ones very much elongate. 12. L.tenuifolia.
VII. SPICATAE
Involuere campanulate; heads sessile.
Involueral bracts w ith broad petaloid margins.
Involucral Bs with merely scarious = oo 13. L. spicata.
Involucre turbinate: heads sessile or pedun
Stem and achis copiously pubescent. 14. L. laxa.
Stem and 2 oe or nearly So.
Involucre 8-12-flower
a DDuS b bristles nearly or quite as long as the
orolla-tu
Involucre Eady eylindri 15. L. microcephala.
ma turbinate, Sometimes broadly so.
volucre over 9 n ong.
""Involueral bra rounded at the tip. 16. L. r MEN
o practs pointed, at the tip. 17. L. Small
Involuere less than 8 m long. 18. L. Dacis
eed -bristles about half as long as the corolla-
19. L. Helleri.
in 'about 20-flowered. 20. L. pilosa.
VIII. SCARIOSAE
Involueral bracts with broad, petaloid margins and tips. 2]. L.aspera.
Involueral bracts with merely scarious margins or not
margined at all. i
Involucres usually 1 or more high.
8g
Involueral ume Sun) ciliate margined or glabrous,
often with a few seattered hairs: leaves glabrous
or E margined. 22. L. scariosa.
Involueral bracts densely puberulent: leaves sca-
brous. 23. L. Shortii.
Involuere usually less than 1 cm. high.
Leaves narrowly linear, scabrous all over. 94. L. Tracyi.
Io es elliptic to Bue elliptie, Rond or seabrate
merely on the margin. 95. L. Ruthii.
1. L. elegans (Walt.) Kuntze. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, finely pubescent: blades
of the lower leaves linear to linear-spatulate; upper leaves reflexed: involueral
ets densely pubeseent, the petaloid ti
glabrous; tip the inner ones irregularl
serrulate.—Pinelands and dry, sandy 10908
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S Va.
Sum.-fall
ate CS
Shine
A 7
* VM,
à
en.
x
NLT
=
2223
{AY et
2, L. flabellata Small. Stem 3-6 dm. tall,
lanuginous: blades a the lower leaves linear
or nearly eaves reflexed: in-
—-——" I.
te CH t
y pu
iu. ed of pe inner bracts erose-dentieu-
late.—Pinelands and open woods, St. Helena
Id., S. C.—Fall.
3. L. squarrosa (L.) Hill. dan 39-8 dm.
tall, pubescent: blades of the lower lea ves linear to n elliptic: bracts o
the ee ol hes ate d abr E. PUE his ing tips, heavily HM
md with some cilia on the bract-body (rarely Sees ae the outer-
ost epee ciliate): inner bracts Tm acute, 15-22 mm. long: corollas
ab ut 1 mm. long: about cn m. long, short-pubescent.—Dry sandy soil,
e provinces, Fla. ps "Tex , in d, and Va.—Sum.-fall.—The constituents
oft rather difficult to R E at present. The following divisions
ae 20. Sud ndm the group. L. squarrosa D media (Lindl.) DC., with
SUN
CARDUACEAE 1333
heads did narrow and braets io er little spreading, less prolonged, has the
ame range as the type. L. squa alabamensis Alexander, with heads more
narrow, BE s glabrous prid the one abruptly atus and very
Squarrose, is in Ala. an nd Mis
L. Boykinii Soa & G.) Kuntze. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly s
blades of the lower leaves narrowly linear: heads loosely ae cate- ces
slender- E UI inner braets of the Spa linear, 9—19 m pu acumi-
nate, glabrous or nearly so: Ris 6-7 ong: achene 4-4.5 mm. long, o
sometimes shorter.—Dry or sandy soil, E Pie Ga.—Sum ie a a
brid between L. elegans me L. tenui tifolia
L. Po (Miehx.) rn Stem 6-15 dm. tall, more or less
lor
Tex. to Nebr. Minn. Wis. y., and Miss.—Sum.-fall.—L. Langloisii Green,
d a by its woolly stem and involucres, may be distine t.
6. L. chlorolepis Small. Stem 3-6 dm . tall, hirsute-tomentulose: blades o
- lower leaves narrowly OM involueral ‘bracts pubescent, with sho aD ae
‘ved green tips; inner bracts 6-7 mm. long, obtuse, long-ciliate: filam
fully half as long as the Du achene 3-3.5 mm. long. [L. Garberi Small
not Kuntze. Pedy pinelands, near Tampa, Fla.—Fall.
7. L. pauciflora (Pursh) Kuntze. Stem 2-9 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the
lower leaves narrowly linear: s braets glabrous; inner bracts dod
mm. long, abruptly pointed or somewh = bc E achen e 4—4.5 mm. lon
Dry sand, Coastal Plain, Fla. t o S. C.—Sum.—fall.
L. secunda (Ell) Small. Stem 3-8 dm. ipid indc) short-pubescent :
blades of the lower leaves linear, often narrowly so: inner bract e in-
bcd linear, broadened upward, 7—10 mm. lon ng, Rie seattered, short-
pubescent: achene 3-5 mm. long. [L. carinata Small.]—$Sandhills and pine-
PUPA "Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Fla. and Ala. to N. C.—Fall.
9. L. Chapmanii (T. & G.) Kuntze. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, tomentose: blades of
the lower leaves narrowly linear, ind less than 10 em. long (or those of the
basal and lower stem-leaves longer L. Chapmanii longifolia); involueral
braets glabrous or nearly so; inner bo 11-13 mm. long, linear-aeuminate:
achene 5.5-6 mm. long. [L. Deamii Lunell.]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla.
and Ga.
10. L. regimontis Small. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, E blades of the lower
leaves narrowly linear: ioco braets glabrou or sparingly t inner
braets euneate, 8-9 mm. long, aeute: filaments D than half as s the
anthers: achene about 4 mm. long.—Wooded slopes, ur ae the Blue Ridge
in the Pisdaiont. also in adj. provinces, Ga. to N. C.—Sun
L. Garberi (A. Gray) Kuntze. Stem 2-5 dm. tall, hirsute: blades of the
: nd
viscid, and abruptly acuminate; inner bracts 8-9 mm. ong, ciliate, viscid and
glandular- -punctate: TES 2.5-3 mm. long. [L. Nashii Small.]—Pinelands,
pen. Fla.—Sum.-fall.—Unusual on aecount of its clustered fleshy tuberous roots.
L. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Kuntze, Stem 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of
the lower leaves urs -filiform: involucral bracts minutely ciliate; inner bracts _
9-6 mm. long: corollas 6-7 mm. long: filaments pubescent, less "th an half as
long as the he hdi 3.5-4.5 mm. m [Liatris laevigata Nutt. L.
1334 CARDUACEAE
laevigata Small.]—Pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Ala.
and N. C.—Sum.-fall.
13. L. spicata (L.) Kuntze. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, n sparingly hirsute:
blades of the lower leaves linear: involucral bra s glabrous; intermediate
bracts oblong-ovate; inner bracts 8-9 mm. long, e linear: corollas 6.5-7.5
ong; lobes glabrous: aehene 4-5 mm. u E irse prairies, low-
pinelands, and low grounds, various provinces, Fla o La., Mi and Mass.—
Sum.-fall.—L. spicata montana Gray, with broader oe and pu heads oc-
curs in the Blue Ridge from Ga. and S. C. to Va.
14. L.laxa Small. Stem 4-6 dm. tall, red tomentulose: blades of the lower
leaves linear: p ee finely and densely ciliate; inner bracts narrowed
at the tip, 4-5 mm. long: achene mostly over 3 m m. long. [L. gracilis Fl.
SE U. S. Coastal sand-dunes, Fla. to Ala. and S. O Shr
15. L. mi M A cid br. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, glabrous: cie of the lower
leaves narrowly lin often elongate: inv olueral a labrous, nearly
cylindrie; inner put. 1-8 mm. long: corollas D p 2 i n filaments fully
half as long as the anthers: achene clava "oH ng. LL polyphylla
Small.]—Sandy soil, Blue Ridge to Interior EON “Plateaus, Ga. to Tenn.—
16. L. ee ys (Walt.) Kuntze. Stem 2-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves
l
ded ear the base; blades of the lower ones linear: involucral bracts nar-
owly renee Sag a minutely ciliate; th ner ones 7—8 mm. long, linear
Aenea ne 4-5 mm. long. [L. vittata Greene. | Arid fields ded w oods, pe damp
savannas, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Tenn. and N. J.—
L. Smallii Britton. Stem 1-8 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves eiliate near the
base; blades of the lower ones broadly or narrowly linear: inv pus braets
eiliate margined, broadly linear and m E =. -tipped; inner bracts
broadly linear, ciliolate all around, 8-9 mm. long: olla-tube scarce ely zi did
than b pappus: achene 4-5 mm. ‘lon ng.—Mt. FEM “Blue Ridge, Ga.
Sum
=F o (Pursh) Kuntze. Stem 4-10 dm. e E lower leaves
h long, linear or narrowly elliptie bl Ar braet of the involuere narrowly
linear- elliptic, glabrous (sometimes puberulen incl ciliate, the inner 4-5
ong: achene very coa rsely ribbed, 2— ae m. long.—Dry, open woods, fields
and N Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Miss. and E ——Late
m.—fall.—Probably L. ganida and L. Vae gata of Greene belong he
19. L. Helleri Porter. Stem 1-4 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the
lower leaves PAR involueral bracts minutely cili p inner braets narrowly
2 7-8 mm. long: eorolla-tube twice as long as the pappus: achene about
. long. SI soil and cliffs, Blue Ridge, N. " and Va.—Sum.—fall
20. L. pilosa (Ait.) Heller. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the lower
leaves broadly linear or linear-oblong: involueral braets narrowly apu -elliptie,
ees ous; inner ones linear, 8-10 mm. long: achene fully 5 m . long.—Dry
Dd Or od en various provinees N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., W.
Va., and S V
1. L. aspera (Michx.) Greene. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, densely ars blades
of the lower leaves narrowly elliptie: involueral braets with only the s
ti ip and sid i
ene 4-5 ous pr
kla. to Nebr., Minn. and Ind.—Sum.-fall.—L. aspera sphaeroidea
(tiet) Alexander, a variety with glabrous leaves oeeurs on mountain slopes
p
CARDUACEAE 1335
and rocky soil, in the mountains of rom N. C. and Tenn., and in various prov-
inces, to Minn. and Mich.—Sum.-fal
22. .) 0
blades of the lower iem linear to elliptie, pov ios I pci ner eaters
of the dpi 10-15 mm. long in typical plants, s small moun-
tain forms; glabrous or nearly 80, d with sli Po 'spatulate t tips, becoming
definitely spatulate in the i racts and nearly ov n the outer
r cilia o
scarious margin, at other times markedly serious margine but WE foliaceous
and thick: achene 4-6 mm. long. [L. squarrulosa Michx.]— Plains, hillsides,
and open woods, various Diosc Fla. to Ill., Mieh., and Mass Sum fall.
23. L. Shortii Alexander. Stem 6-9 dm. tall, ipu B blades of the
didis dis euren very HI cm. brac of the involucre with a very
narr argin, otherwise quite oe. a ely short- duse
very spatulate he inner nearly linear, 10-12 mm. lon ng: achene about 5 mm.
long.—Dry ocky soil, various provinces, Miss. and La., to Ark. and Ohio.
— Sum. “fall.
. Tracyi Alexander. Stem about 4 dm. or more tall, densely pubescent:
blades of the lower leaves linear, very scabrous: ges of the involucre rounded
at the tip, somewhat ‘pa atulate, pubescent; inner ones 7-8 mm. long: achene
about 5 mm. long.—Baldwin Co.. ., in the Coastal Plain of Ala.—Fall.
20. L. Ruthii Alexander. Stem 3-16 dm. tall, pubescent: blades of the lower
leaves linear to elliptic glabrous or nearly so: involucral bracts rather narrowly
eaae usually green, lightly pu ene narrowly if at all searious-margined,
r braets 8-11 mm. long: e 4-5 mm. lon ng.—Woods and thickets,
bem pisa chiefly TA Blue Rides and pear IM Ga. io Tenn. and
N. C.—Sum.-fall.
17. AMMOPURSUS Small, Perennial, succulent, caulescent herb, the
stem from a long, perpendicular, fleshy tap-root. Leaves alternate, fleshy:
blades narrow, entire, punctate, sessile. Heads solitary or in panicles, r not
radiate, erect. Involucre cylindric-campanulate, many-flowered: bracts broad,
in si j j
Flowers perfect. Corolla rose-purple: tube slender-cylindrie: throat
ide mon the tube, more or less urceolate: limb slightly zygomorphic: lobes 5,
spreading, about as long as the throat. Stamens included: filaments filiform-
subulate: unes linear, rounded or emarginate at the apex, eordate at the base,
the lobes rounded. Style filiform. igmas
filiform, 20 longer than the s Achene
fusiform, 10—12-ribbed, pubes 'appus
of numerous capillary baibellate bristles in
two serie s,t e outer shorter than the inn nner, the
inner as iene as or longer than the achene
—One species
1. A. Ohlingeri (Blake) Small. Stem 2-11
acute, glabrous: involucre about 2 em. long;
1336 CARDUACEAE
braets numerous, the outer orbicular- Dey E en longer and nar-
Ae er to t linear- -spatulate inner one 1 obtuse, the bo ody deep green, punc-
e, the scarious margins pale: co eT pude rose- purple, a I i 2c ELA.
an ences throat cilindri -urceolate; lobes lanceolat . long,
achene dd rm, 8-9 mm. long, about 10- ribbed, den ipe ouis with aa
ing hair appus whitish, much shorter than the corolla, ees [ Laciniaria
Olilingeri Blake. | cee, S end of lake region, Fla. —Sun
18. GARBERIA A. Gray. Much-branched shrubs. Leaves alternate, ever-
green: blades broad, entire. Heads in rather dense corymbose cymes. In-
voluere narrowly turbinate. Corolla rose-purple:
throat campanulate, rather shorter than the much
narrower tube: lobes ovate to lanceolate. Androecium
conspicuously exserted: anther-appendages notched. All MT
Achene long, sharply Lol ccn of scabro-bar- NEU T
bellate capillary bristles in 2 or more rows.—One XE. iN
1. G. fruticosa (Nutt.) A. Gray. Plant 1-2 m. tall,
pe ur etek leaf-blades spatulate to obovate,
2—3 ong: , e 10-12 mm. i
involucr 0—1 m. lo bracts
narrow me outer lanceolate, the inner linear- -cuneate, all acute or acuminate,
se ud S Rd d: achene slender- fusiform 7-8 mm. long or sometimes longer
pubescent.—Scrub and coastal dunes, pen. Fla —Spr.-fall.—Conspieuous in the
ED. in winter from its persistent poA pappus.
19. TRILISA Cass. Perennial caulescent herbs; the stem from short root-
stocks. Leaves alternate, the. basal ones much larger than the eauline: blades
leathery, entire or shallowly toothed, sparingly pinnate-veined. Heads thyrsoid-
o e or corymbose. Involuere turbinate, few-flowered: bracts few, rela-
tively c glandular. Corolla rose-purple, with a short tube and a cylindrie
t Androecium included. Anther-appendages ovate. Achene fusiform,
ae ribbed. Pappus of many eapillary barbellate bristles.— Two species:
Stem viscid-pubescent: heads thyrsoid-paniculate : involueral bracts n stalked
glands. . T. paniculata
Stem glabrous or nearly so: heads corymbose: involucral o.
bracts with sessile glands. 2. T. odoratissima.
T. paniculata (Walt.) Cass. Stem 2-17 dm. tall, spar ingly hirsute: basal
n mostly 5-20 em. long; blades elliptie to almost linear: blades of the
auline leaves narrow, sessile: inner bracts of the
involuere less than 5 mm. long: eorolla-lobes rather
ate: achene fully 3 mm. long.—Low Du
Coastal P Fla. to La., A N. C. (or S Va.?).—
Fall
2. T. odoratissima (Walt.) Cass. Stem 5-15 dm
s somewhat glaucous: basal leaves ne 10- 30
lon
; blades elliptie, cuneate spat
Te of the cauline leaves broad, slightly aooo
ner br f 1 Sone over mm. long;
eorolla-lobes rather lanceolate: achene 2-3 mm.
long.—(VANILLA-PLANT. DEER’S-TONGUE. HOUN
TONGUE, )— v pinelands, o La., and N. c. a S Va.?).—Sum.-fall.—
E. )— Loy Fla. t
The leaves contain coumarin and have been used as a flavoring agent.—Extreme
CARDUACEAE | 1337
forms often BE the ee ard of two species Duns involved. One
a stron odor, broad, el asping, ~ toothed upper lea blades
and death viscid involueres, the other ae nly a faint odor, narrow entire
upper leaf-blades and very viscid n ou
20. AMPHIACHYRIS DC. Annual or perennial, glabrous herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire. Heads small. Involucre campanulate
to cylindric, the bracts obtuse. Ray-flowers with
small ligules. Disk-corollas with a cylindric-cam-
panulate throat. Anthers narrow. Stigmas pubes-
cent. Achenes of the ray with a crown-like pappus,
those of the disk abortive, with bristle-like pappus-
seales.—T' wo species, North American.
A. dracunculoides (DC.) Nutt. Stem 3-7 dm.
tall: Ea s narrowly linear or linear-filiform,
1-5 ong; braets of the involuere dde the
inner ps long: ligules yellow, 3-4 mm. lon
achene anon 1 mm. long.—Dry s soil, various provinces, N of Coastal Plain,
Ala. to Tex., N. M. , Kans., and Mo. — Sum
1. GRINDELIA Willd. Perennial or iiA annual or biennial herbs,
or woody, often glutinous plants. Leaves alternate: blades mostly spinulose
toothed. Heads large. Involuere hemispheric or ee the bracts slender-
g- is rowly funnelform throat longer than the tube.
Anthers linear; a lanceolate. Stigmas linear. Achene ribbed. Pap-
pus of the disk ‘of 2-8 smooth awns or stiff bristles, caducous.—About 30 species,
western eee STICK Y-HEADS. |
HF
ni
[e]
=
£5
u
z
e»
ie]
Leaf-blades coarsely Spiny-toothed : achene 2-lobed at the apex. 1. G. lanceolata.
Leaf-blades finely spiny-toothed : achene truneate at the apex. 2. G. squarrosa.
G. lanceolata Nutt. Stem 5-8 dm. tall glabrous, usually sparingly
T above: blades of the p obs 2 s to linear-lanceolate or
ng, mo r less acuminate
Imost linear, 2-8 cm. long, e
bra of the involuere with SR ru poc WY il
3-3.5 mm. long, 2-lobed at the apex, rather bluntly $ Y,
ib ed.—Dry soil, barrens, prairies and waste-places, GANN y il |
nn. WV:
various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Kans., and Tenn.—
Sum
2. G. squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Stem 3-10 dm.
tall, n more or less branched above and
as
sometimes also
abis pen eliptic e s -elliptie or somewhat
bro e. ned upward, 2-5 long, obtuse or aeute:
braets of the involuere with recurved tips: achene 2.5-3 mm. long, truncate
at the apex, rather sharply ribbed.—Dry soil, prairies and plains, various
provinces, Tex. to Ariz., Nev., Sask., and Minn.; widely naturalized on road-
sides, railroad banks, and fields in he E states.—(Menz.).
22. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. Biennial herbs, with villous, hirsute, floccose,
eottony, or arachnoid pubescence. Leaves alternate: blades narrow or broad,
but neither nervose nor gramineous, mostly entire. Heads in a terminal corymb.
1338 CARDUACEAE
Involuere ovoid to hemispheric, the bracts narrow. Ray-flowers with con-
spicuous yellow ligules. Disk-corollas with a narrow funnelform throat. An-
her-appendages lanceolate. Stigmas subulate. Achene somewhat turgid,
ellipsoid or obovoid, 3-5-nerved. Pappus double, of numerous PAN the outer
series very short and seale-ike.—About 20 species, North Ameriean.—Mostly
sum.—fall.—GOLDEN-ASTERS.
Plant perennial: achene 3—5-nerv A u
Bracts of the ie ep laD oU I. AE.
Bracts of the involucre &landular or cobwebby.
Bracts of the n volucre copiously aadar, without
E ha II. MARIANAE.
Br nee s of the anole with abe hairs. III. PILOSAE.
Plant annual, with a tap-root: achene 10-nerved. IV. NUTTALLIANAE.
I. TRICHOPHYLLAE
Bracts of the involucre prolonged into subulate tips. 1. C. subulata.
Bracts of the involuere acute, mucronate, or short-acuminate.
Cauline leaves, at least the lower ones, with spatulate,
elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate blades.
Braci of the involucre acute or short-acuminate. 2. C. trichophylla..
Za of the involucre abruptly pointed or mucro-
3. C. gigantea.
Cauline. Teves with narrowly linear blades. 4. C. hyssopifolia.
II. MARIANAE
Pubescence deciduous : foliage rough-glandular 5. C. scabrella.
Pubescence persistent: foliage smooth on soft ‘glandular.
Bracts of the involucre 1 mm. wide o
Stem and leaves cobwebby- 2D A ud 6. C. mariana,
Stem and leaves white cottony-lanate.
Peduneles cottony-lanate and with some glands
He er the in voluere. 1. C. arenicola.
Hn only glandular
Bra of the in 2o cre acuminate recurved:
Pa conspicuously E 8. C. lanuginosa.
Bracts of the involucre acute, ect: inflores-
cence inconspicuously glandula 9. C. floridana.
.Braets of the involucre 2 mm. wide or more, | 10. C. latisquama.
III. PILOSAE
Peduncles glandular: bracts of the involucre sparingly cob-
webby. 11. C. decumbens.
Peduncles densely villous-cobwebby: bracts of the involucre
densely, villous-cobwebby. 12. C. pilosa.
IV. "VILLOSAE
Plant pubescent, the stem simple below the inflorescence or
sometimes branehed throughout. 13. C. Nuttallii.
1. C.subulata Small. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, short cobwebby: blades of the basal
leaves m narrowly spatulate, those of the cauline c spatulate to linear, Bonds
entire oe 6-8 mm. long; bracts with curved or bent caudate tips: achene
1.5- 2 m long.—Pinelands and So pen. Fla. and
rarely N Fla ——BSpr.-fall or all year
2. C. trichophylla Nutt. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, more
or less long cobwebby, at least when young: blades
leaves broadly spatulate, those of the
e ic-obo i
, lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.
and Miss., (La.?)
CARDUACEAE ' 1339
3. C. gigantea Small. - oon dm. tall, sparingly N pubescent, at
least when old: leaves nume e basal and lower cauline with spatulate, to
oblanceolate or oblong- P A blades; upper eau uc leaves with e to
oblong-laneeo t blades, often obscurely serrulate, sometimes apiculate: in-
voluere 7-9 m igh; bracts linear-lanceolate to d aeute to slightly acumi-
nate, S0 achene 2—2.5 mm. long.—Pinelands, Fla
C. hyssopifolia Nutt. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, glabrous o or sparingly cobwebby
when young: leaves numerous, the basal in a dense rosette, white cottony, with
spatulate or linear-spatulate blades, cauline leaves Bn. cro wde d; blades rad
linear to linear-filiform, 1-6 em. long: involuere 6-8 mm. lon ng; bra ets ri c
often abruptly so with erect tips: achenes 2-2.5 mm. Pr ——Dry pinelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. and Ala.
5. C.sc cd : G. ne 3—12 dm. tall, more or less rough-glandular: leaves
rather numerou e basal in a very dense rosette, white-eottony, with spatulate,
often anes “toothed blade s: blades of the cauline leaves linear-spatulate to
ae ar, acute, more or less glandular- sabe acute, sessile: involucre 6—9
m. high; aan ee subulate to linear, rigid, acute, often abruptly so: achene
25-3 mm. long.—-Pinelands, prairies, and scrub, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.
6. C. mariana (L.) Nutt. Stem 1-6 dm tall, more or less eobwebby; and
glandular in the dpa cn blades of the | ca line leaves spatulate to elliptic or
oblong, 2-12 em. long, n acute, entire or remotely toothed, the lower ones
narrowed into petiole like pi heads showy: involuere 8-10 mm. long, braets
linear, acute, glandular, p achene about 2 mm. Jong —Dry woods and hill-
sides, various provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., and S N.
C. arenicola Alexander. Stem dt 3 dm. tall, white cottony: blades of the
cauline leaves various, the lower ones slightly broadened u upward, 1-3 :
he upper ones Eas d ola to linear-lanceolate, ipia i the base sessile,
all white cottony-lanate: bracts of the involucre rather ul the inner
bracts narrowly linear, acuminate: achenes about 2 long.—Sandhills,
near Hartsville, S. C.
8. C. lanuginosa Small Stem below the n d white-woolly, finely
glandular above and in the inflorescence, 2 dm. tall or more, sometimes branched
wi
9. C. A RE Small. Stem usually branched at Une e the branches curved,
2.9—4 dm. long, white-cottony below, glandular above: leaves white- inei. ; basal
and low er cauline leaves mun DER blades mostly ds than 1 dm. long; blades
of the upper cauline entire: euneate to oblong-cuneate e, 1.5-2.5 cm. s obtuse,
partly clasping: peduncles inconspicuously glandular: involuere 6-8 mm. high;
bracts firm, glandular, often TE so, acute or slightly acuminate.—Serub,
.sand-dunes and pinelands, pen
1
glandular above, the branches often dei Ta and lower stem-leaves with
spatulate or oblanceolate blades; upper cauline leaves smaller; blades oblong to
linear-oblong or broadly linear, eism p undulate: involuere 7-8 mm. high;
1340 l CARDUACEAE
bracts mostly broadest above the middle, not woolly, glandular, deep-green, the
outer rather foliaceous, usually acute.—Pinelands and hammock-borders, pen.
la.
11. C. decumbens Chapm. Stem decumbent, 6-12 dm. long, white-cottony or
cobwebby-cottony ; ieri of the cauline leaves spatulate to oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse or abruptly acute, entire, sessile: involuere 8-10 mm. high
braets sparingly Cubs UIT RA —Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.
we
12. C. pilosa (Walt.) Britton. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, lanate: blades of the cauline
leaves on oblong, or oblong-spatulate, obtuse or apieulate, a Or spar
ingly toothed dni partiy Mu involucre about 1 cm. high; s densely
villous-cob webby ute or acuminate. LC. gossypina Nutt. eae ene w er
and pinelands, ila. p Ala. and N. C., (Va.?)
13. C. Nuttallii Britton. Stem villous or softly hirsute, E 8 dm. pe d be-
low the inflorescence or sometimes branched throug sn aves few umerous,
1.5—4.5 em. long: blades E - linear-oblong, entire or dista antiy or r coarsely
toothed, acute, sessile, or er ones oblong- T te and commonly in
cised: heads showy: invo lue s 8-10 m o bracts linear or linear- S003.
acuminate: ray-flowers with ti igul ; 10-15 m long: achenes 10-nerved.—Rocky
open w roods, sandy hills, prairies, ad oak- o. Miss. to Tex., Kans., and Mo.
23. PITYOPSIS Nutt. Perennial herbs with silvery or lead-colored,
silky pubescence, or rarely glabrate. Leaves alternate: blades elongate,
nervose or gramineous, entire. Heads terminating irregular peduncles or
eorymbose. Involucre campanulate to turbinate: bracts narrow. Ray-flowers
with yellow ligules. Disk-corollas with a narrow funnelform throat. Anther-
appendages ovate to lanceolate. Stigmas lanceolate. Achene compressed- -fusi-
form. Pappus double, the outer series very short and scale-like. About 10 species
of eastern North America.
Cauline leaves numerous, filiform; glabrous or nearly so. I. PINIFOLIAE.
Cauline leaves few, linear, silky- -lanate, sometimes narrowly
so, or linear- -lanceolate.
Peduncles, branches, and stem woolly-tomentose. II. Koc
Peduncles, branches, and sometimes the stem, glandular. III. ASPER
I. PINIFOLIAE
PET plant with m m filiform leaves and not very numer-
S heads of flow 1. P. pinifolia.
II. GRAMINIFOLIAE
Stem conspicuously zigzag 2. P. flexuosa.
Stem strict or cup so
Involucres 10-12 m hig h.
n orescence branches. few or several: ligules of the
ray-flowers mostly over 1 cm. long. 3. P. Tracyi.
Tubo scence bran Cos. many: HEUS of the ray-
owers less than 1 cm. long. 4. P. graminifolia.
Involueres 4-7 mm. high. 5. P. microcephala.
III. ASPERAE
Lower cauline leaves not markedly longer than the upper. 6. P. Ruthii.
Lower cauline leaves PP longer than the upper
em-leaves numer approximate; blades narrow:
ligules of the ie ere less than 1 em. long. 7. P. aspera.
Stem leaves mostly 2-4, distant: blades relatively broad:
ka of the ray- -flowers over 1 cm. long. 8. P. oligantha.
CARDUACEAE 1341
1. P. pinifolia (Ell) Nutt. oo 2-4 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves
a ME inner bracts of the involucre 4-5.5 mm. long, glabrous: ligules
ong. [Chrysopsis pinifolia Ell. ]—
We
ape
6-7 mm. lor
Sandhil Ils, Taylor County in the Coastal j
Plain of "Ga. —Fnll. WAG
AS
Ny
P. flexuosa (Nash) Small.
ligules 8-10 mm. long: tiskceorollas 7 7-8 mm.
long. [Chrysopsis ps Nash]. — Dry
sandy pinelands, M FI cu. —fall.
Tracyi Small. Stem 3-5 dm. tall:
d pues leaves narrowly
linear, e ones greatly n \
inner bract Ut "the voles 7-9 m
long- ciliate pes 11-12 mm. long. (OS, ysopsis Tracyi Small.]—Pinelands,
pen. Fla. and the Keys.—All yea
. £raminifolia (Michx.) Nutt. Stem 3-9 dm. tall: blades of the cauline
leaves iun ie "a pud or linear-subu - inner braets of the involuere
7-1 gules 7-9 mm. long: disk-corollas 7-8 mm. long [Chrysopsis
n d (Michi) N utt. C. argentea vds i —Sand oy often acid, soil, mies
Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to T and Md.—(W. I.)—Sum.—ear]
wint. or all year S.—P. pando o Fernald, distinguished. m "the
pee cauline leaves nearly the same length as the lower, grades into the typical
. P. microcephala Small. Stem 4-7 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves
linear-lanceolate: outer bracts of the ie broadly is not gland-
ular; inner braets 5—6 . long: ligules 3-4 mm. long: filaments shorter than
the anthers. [Chrysopsis microcephala be uL soil, Coastal Plain and
adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—Sum
6. P. Ruthii Small. Stem 1-3 dm. tall: blades of the cauline leaves linear
bh m linear Pu outer braets of p c a uude.
er bracts 6.5-7.5, m ong: filaments longer than the anthers. Du psis
Ruthi Small. ]—Roeks, p re Valley, ee Valley, Tenn.—Fal
7. P. aspera (Shuttlw.) Small. Stem 3-7 dm. tall: blades of the cauline
leaves linear to narrowly de lanceolate: outer pede of pu PA lanceo-
late, glandular; inner bracts 6-8 mm. long: disk corollas mm. g: fila-
me nts much shorter than n. anthers. [CI ysopsis a Shatil. -»5 soil,
mostly in pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and Va.
P. oligantha (Chapm.) Small. Stem 3-6 dm. : blades of the cauline
leaves linear to elliptic: outer bracts of the voluere lanceolate, glandular;
inner bracts 7— ong, strongly ciliate: dis 7-8 mm. long: fila-
k-e
ments as long as the anthers or longer. Did sopsis pot Chapm. ].—Pine-
lands, Coastal Plain, N Florida and SE Ala.—Spr.
24. HETEROTHECA Cass. Annual or biennial, pubescent herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades entire or toothed. Heads rather large. Involuere
1342 CARDUACEAE
hemispherie or eampanulate, the inner bracts
ciliate. Ray-flowers with b apos yellow
i unnelf
Anther-
appendages Enc s poss du cacao
or triangular. Achenes of the ray thickish,
those of the disk flat. Pappus of the disk
of many bristles, those of the outer series
shorter and stouter an those of the
inner.—About 6 Spenge North American.
H. subaxilaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby.
B. 3 12 dm. tall, hirsute or hispid; blades
of the stem-leaves elliptic to end -lanceo-
late, 1-7 em. long, serrate: in e 7-8 mm. high; outer om Pisa
pubeseent: achene about 2 mm. TUBE. [H. Lamarckii Cass.].— (CAM di
PLANT. je sand-dunes, and waste-places, various CNN s
Tex., Kans., and Del.—(W. I., Mes., C. A., S. A.)—Sum.-fall, Yall
yea oS = v weedy sane very variable in habit and with a great re of
lenf. for
25. CHONDROPHORA Raf. Perennial, glabrous, slender, virgate-
stemmed herbs. Leaves alternate: blades very narrow, entire. Heads in
terminal eorymbs, or rarely thyrsoid. Involuere narrow, few-flowered: bracts
narrow, abruptly or gradually narrowed at the apex. Ray-flowers wanting.
Disk-corollas yellow, with a broadly funnelform throat about as long as the
tube or longer: lobes lanceolate. Achenes 1-2-ribbed on each side. Pappus
of 1 series of bristles.— Two species.—Sum.—RAYLESS-GOLDENRODS.
Stem-leaves with linear or linear-spatulate blades. 1. C. nudata.
Stem-leaves with filiform blades. 2. C. virgata
C. nudata (Miehx.) iiir. Stem 2-6 dm. tall: blades of the i
leaves spatulate to linear-spatulate, 3-12 em. long: inner bracts of the
a linear- E or linear- a 4.5—5
long, aeu or acutish — Pinelands,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va. (or
N. J.?).
2. C. virgata (Nutt.) Greene. Similar to
C. nudata in habit: blades of the basal
when the plants grow en masse, especially on
prairies, shows a color not usually seen in
this family.
and
prairies, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, W
Fla. Tex. and Ga.—The greenish yellow
very numero us desc heads of these species,
26. BRINTONIA Greene. Perennial pubescent, leafy-stemmed herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades broad, coarsely toothed, with wide petiole-like bases.
CARDUACEAE
1343
ds many, racemose. Involuere campanu-
nelform roat and mewhat shorter
tube: lobes ovate. Am. longer than
the filaments: appendages lanceolate. Stig-
mas lanceolate or ovate. chene ribbed.
eel aaa numerous, the inner clavate
at the tip.—One
1. B. discoidea (Ell) Greene. Stem 8-15
dm. tall, finely hirsute: lea e abe
4-9 D
volueres 6-8 mm. high: c oa abo on long, white or whitish, and often
oe tinged eee ae ‘ial of woods, “and thickets, Coastal Plain, Fla.
o La. and Ga.—Sum
27. SIDERANTHUS Fraser. Annual or perennial, more or less widely
ee herbs, or shrubs. Leaves aie blades spinulose-toothed,
ed, or pinnatifid. Heads terminating t
S Involuere hemispherie or cam-
panulate, many-flowered: bracts narrow,
usually acuminate. Ray-flowers yellow,
several. Disk-corollas with a narrowly funnel-
hroat a
esc mo
Pappus of 1-3 series i bristles —About
20 species, American.
1. S. megacephalus (Nash) Small Ste
8-12 dm. tall, finely pubescent: id blades
lanceolate to linear-elliptie, 2-7 long,
S ved c toothed: outer braets of The involucre 10-12 mm. long, acute, cilio-
te.—Ooastal dunes and waste places, Coastal Plain, Fla. d Tex.—Sum.-fall.
28. ISOPAPPUS T. & G. Annual or biennial, virgate-stemmed herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades narrow, some of them coarsely toothed. Heads in-
open panicles. Involuere narrow: ts
to line
a narrowly funnelform t nd
short tube: lobes deltoid. Anthe
as the fila ts o ppe
bristles.—Three species, North American.
L IL E (Nutt.) T. & G. Stem f
3-12 dm. tall, hispid and glandular: leaf- |
blades linear- he to narrowly linear,
1344 CARDUACEAE
2-10 em. long: ps bracts eiliolate near the tip, the inner as well as the
Du glan ndular: filaments longer E the anthers.—Dry soil, seed o and
oadsides, various a. Fla. to Tex., Kans., and S. C.—Sum
29. CHRYSOMA Nutt. Shrubs or partly woody plants. Leaves ever-
green, alternate: blades narrow, fieshy-leathery, conspicuously fine-pitted.
Heads numerous, thyrsoid, or somewhat
; 0
: braets narrow, the inner mueh longer
h than the
Stigmas of the dub os lanceolate.
pus of 1 or 2 series of brownish capiilary
bristles.—One species.
. C. pauciflosculosa eos chx.) Green
Stem 3-9 dm. tall: f-blades rend
green, end -spatulate b dut oblong, 3—6
em. long: involueres 4-6 mm. long, the inner bracts linear-lanceolate: ligules
of the ray- orale. d" . long: achene 3-4 mm. long.— Sandy soil, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Miss. and "S. C.
SOLIDAGO L.1 Perennial caulescent herbs, with long horizontal stolons
nvoluere campa anu e turbinate, Or que ri
so, and longer or much longer than the outer. Ray-flowers few to man
corolla with a slender tube and a yellow or very ly a white ligule. Disk-
orollas tube which is usually abruptly dilated i a funnelform or
campanulate throat nearly or quite as long: lobes lanceolate, spreading
Anthers nearly or quite as long as the filaments. Stigmas mostly lanceolate,
rarely elongate-lanceolate. Pappus of 1 or 2 series of ae bristles.—
bout 125 species, mostly North Ameriean.—GOLDENRODS.
Stigmas several times as long as wide: heads large or very large, not unilaterally
racemose (not secund): plant without long horizontal stolons: e not
triple-ribbed : achene sparsely silky above I. MACROPHYLLAE,
Stigmas lanceolate, 1-3 times as long as wide.
Achene glabrous ai at maturity, sometimes s sely hair
ng:
stolons : heads nilaterally racemose (n
secund) : leaf- bas nage triple-ribbed.
Main lateral veins of leaf-bla is on e lower side
elevated: leaf- blodies coriaceous.
Inv MA bracts, at qum d Ute e ones, with
eadin II. SQUARROSAE.
Inv olueral «aor. "with tips not spreading. III. HISPIDAE
mon lateral T of leaf-blades a the lower side
mbedded : leaf-blades coriace IV. CONFERTAE.
Achene permanently hairy, or if (rel) ee the
heads unilaterally racemose (secund).
* Contributed by Kenneth Kent Mackenzie.
CARDUACEAE 1345
Plant without long horizontal stolon
Thyrse spicate or umbel-like, the Tai not uni-
laterally racemose (not secund V
: . . VIRGA-AUREAE,
Thyrse paniculate, usually with many of the
heads unilaterally racemose (secund). .
Leaf-blades strongly pellucid-punctate, VI. ODORAE.
Leaf-blades ae pee (est Er te.
asal es stem-leaves
gr adus. reduced ape aed. VII. ULMIFOLIAE.
Basal rosettes usually present, very large
an COnopicugue : lower stem-leaves
er.
base: et le amplexica ule, VIII. NOTABILES.
i at .base: dry
nd plan IX. ARGUTAE.
honors petioles. strongly clasp-
Dent M vid serrate
ate, coria-
— ‘pla ants M en. X. ULIGINOSAE,
Leat- ‘blades US and cori-
ntir plants
of en. ness" or salt-
marshes. . XI. SEMPERVIRENTES.
blades, at least partially
riple- :
Plant with long horizontal stolons.
Basal dao and basal leaves conspicuous,
e blades i se nr than the abruptly
upper
XII. NEMORALES.
En e
Pe m the pum not impressed,
serrate nate-serrate. XIII. VERNAE.
Leaf-blades "wit nud us entire or
shallowly crenate-ser XIV. PETIOLATAE..
Basal rosettes anina or De inconspicuous.
Thyrse with the lower heads in axillary
clusters, the pper Spicate: leaf-blades
not ipie ribbe XV.
Thyrse paniculate, ' the heads unilaterally
racemose enun at least on the
I'LEXICAULES.
us, gradually redu ced upw
Leaf. blades not triple. ribbed. XVI
A ALTISSIMAE.
Leaf-blades triple-ribbed. XVII.
SEROTINAE.
I. MACROPHYLLAE
Plant with basal rosettes large and conspicuous; heads 10-15 mm. high, the
lower ones in clusters, the upper forming a spike-like thyrse : pu much elongate
and conspicuous, somewhat flattene d. . S. glomerata.
II. SQUARROSAE
Plant with heads medium-sized or large, 6-12 mm.
terminal thyr i
elow: involucral bracts, at least of the outer ones with s AUR tips:
ed, 2-3 times a ng as wide: ac
stigmas
Jowish-br flatten times as lo wide ene eil dark- -br rown or yel-
ow
Basal ros settes conspicuous: blades of the lower stem-leaves
av those of the basal rosettes 6-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm.
vide, their petioles as long as or longer than the blades.
Basal rosettes | usually nonc p of Pos lower leaves
RE lon 1 0.8-5 vide, their petioles
15: mm
{u p lo
Leat- blades thick, oblong- l firm, shallowly crenate-
the larger mostly 6-8 em. long, 1.5-2 cm
wide : stem closely short hispid above: involucral
bracts loos 3. S. Milleriana.
Leaf- oe thin, oblong-obovate |
2. S. squarrosa.
or oblong- E
long, 2.5-5 cm. ns stem pilose above; involucral
sed.
4. S. Buckleyi,
1346 CARDUACEAE
. HISPIDAE
Plant with heads medium- "mr or smallish to large, ae ms A ee borne in
ense narrow terminal thyrse, only the lowermost (ra in axillary
clusters: involucral bracts with tips not spreading: Suas. on flattened, 2-3
times as long as wide: achene linear or linear-cylindric, or cylindric-clavate, glabrous
at maturity, dull or blackish in color, not compressed.
Involucral bracts
Stem copiously pubescen nt,
Li E ~ the ray cream- oun veinless or obscurely
achene columna 5. S. bicolor.
pies of the ray oree vello. strongly veined:
achene broadened upward. 6. S. hispida.
Stem glabrous or minutely puberu nt.
Involucre 4-5.5 i racts minutely puberulent :
achene yellowish. 7. S. erecta.
Involucre AL mm. high: bracts strigillose: achene
blackis 8. S. Porteri,
Stem closely puberulent or eee eal
bra i e obscure.
7 m
Blades of the leaves about the middle of the stem
oblong-obovate, hispidulous above all over: inner
involucral bracts Ed narrowed, oblong- l
lanceolate, nearly 1 mm. wi 9. S. puberula.
Blades of the leaves about n middle of the stem
oblanceolate, strongly hispidulous above on mid-
rib, slightly so elsewhere; inner involucral bracts
aa Dup? narrowed above middle, very nar-
owly lanceolate, Eo t 0.5 mm. wide. 10. S. pulverulenta.
Stem dD a or spar ringly loosely pubescent : involucral
bracts mostly 3-ribbed. 11. S.roanensis.
V. CONFERTAE
Plant with heads medium-sized to large, 6-10 m high, borne in a narrow
large n RE involucral bracts appressed : ES strongly flattened, 253
times as lon wide: achene linear or enr. oblong, evenly ‘dilated upward, gla-
brous aaa dark. nec Bt maturity, truncate at the apex
Inflorescence-branches hairy: basal leaves with narrowly to
bro oo lanceolate to obovate Br Po uod with
me a lateral veins conspicuous: ocks not form-
ae War d ligneous masses.
E cylindric; bracts narrowly c oblong, obtuse
to acutish: achene as long as pappu 12. S. Harperi,
insolucre campanulate; bracts DINE. very obtuse:
pap ;
Ligules of the ray light-yellow: thyrse large and
broad, not strict: involucral bracts with midvein
little ihickened, strongly dilated, In hispidu-
lou dm blades 2.5-10 em. wi ide: basal rosettes
Cons ic us. 13. S. conferta,
e of. "the ray deep- iru thyr rrOW
ds h
d m on. wide: basal rosettes oa
nconspicuou 14. S. rigidiuscula.
inflorescence! branches E early glabrous: basal leaves with
ei LARA blades: rootstocks forming very hard
ligneo 15. S. plumosa.
Vv. ius oq
Plant with heads re: sized or large, 5-10 high, usually not very
numerous, often few, bor in a thyrse E: markedly a in-
volucral bracts aed = Ami strongly flattened, 2-3 t ng as wide
achene narrow, pubescent, often dilated upward, truncate AC "the es
16. S. spithamaea.
VI. ODOR
nt without long n stolons : a rosettes wanting or ve
Pla
e leaves very numerous; blades not TODE entire, T DEA
nise- “scented, LE or slightly petioled: hea unilaterally mose, usually
nume rou 4 high, few-flowered : Eee olacee * cylindric ; Braces SERM. narrow,
n. stigmas Saton, longer. than wide: achene hairy, dilated upward, truncate
at apex
Stem pubescent in lines: leaf-blades linear-lanceolate or
linear: pappus not exceeding the involucre at flowering
time. 17. S. odora.
CARDUACEAE
Stem usually pubescent all over: leaf-blades oblong.ovate,
lanceolate, or di T MU pappus markedly exceeding ..
rolucre at flov 18. S. Chapmanii.
de
Plant without long hor — 55 basal rosettes wanting or very incon-
spicuous: leaves gradually Seer Sound blades not triple- ae ae Dellueia- d
punctate, the ELM serrate E. [7 heads serrate, prominen ntly ribbe d. nd
2 sub- or heads
nch al :
ES flattened. "longer than wide: ' achene us o indric, obconic, conspicuously
ribbed, rounded at th apex 19. S. ulmifolia
VIII. m
lant without long horizontal stolons: leaf- TM triple-ribbed, the stem-leaves
Strongly amplexicaule: inflorescence NR rather few widely spreading branches or
the branches sometimes short and inflorescence contracted: heads not secund, small,
4 mm. high, few-flowered: achene linear-cylindric, eu ed upward, grayish, hir-
sutulous, strongly about 10- ribbed, the pappus rather sparse, as long or somewhat
shorter 20. S. notabilis,
IX. ARGUTAE
Plant without long horizontal stolons: basal rosettes often very large
Spicuous: leaves much reduced upward ; blades not triple- ribbed, not a o
high, unilaterally racemose, on widely spreading branches or rarely “the br aches
erect: stigmas flattened, longer than wide: achene D sometimes sparsely
so or glabrate in age, ribbed, E at the apex.
Inflorescence-branches glabrous: achene not blackish, 1.5
mm. long: (leaves of bacal tufts with ovate- lanceolate
or obovate-lanceolate blades 21. S. juncea.
Inflorescence-branehes pipe cene achene 1.75-2.5 mm. lon
Achene Dol blackish: basal tufts of leaves ocn poorly
reloped, blades lanceolate, oblong-oval, ovate-
Tacos. oval-obovate or ovate, singly serrate or
crenate-serrate.
Stem glabrous, beneath the inflorescence.
Involucre 2-4 mm. high.
Le af- “blades T ous below, glabrous or
ular-hairy above, thickish, m
22. S. Boottii.
Leaf-blades pustular-hairy on both sides, espe-
on the veins, thin, shallowly- Serrat 23. S. strigosa.
Involu ee 5 $ mm. high. 24. S.4 POUR HEUS
Bee ns ongly and loses short-pubescent: leaf-blades
rous (or strigillose above 25. S. brachyphylla.
dicio. blackish, 2.25 mm. long: basal tufts of Ad Au
ngly dev eloped. their blades ovate, mo
i pie serrate,
Leaf- id much lighter-green beneath Hun above,
iin ; ature achene E pappus 3-4 mm
one. Te UR oe . high, 2-2.5 n thick ;
er bracts linea Spied d 26. S. arguta.
Leaf blaaes EU chee: -green beneath than above,
firm achen ut m pappus 2.5-3.5 mm
lo ong: old cies 4-6 high, 2.5-4 mm. thick ;
inner bracts OBIOnE obovate. 27. S. Harrisii.
dac.
Lond
. ULIGINOSAE
lant without long Horizontél stolons: basal rosettes very large and con-
spicuous: leaves much reduced upwards; blades not triple-ribbed, no t pellucid-
punctate, not aah canescent, thin or mode rately fleshy, prominently and
eined beneath, the larger serrate or crenate and Jong-petioled : A s strongly
clasping at the base: heads small or medium-siz h, unilaterally
: ig i
racemose on widely spreading branches or sometimes the lj noches erect : sti
n DT than wide: achene pubescent, sometimes sparsely so, ribbed, truncate
SUEED of the stem terete or essentially Eu. a a bades
t very rough (retrorsely scabrous)
Leaf-blades serrate with conspicuous calius. "Ded teeth.
: Involucre narrowly campanula ae a. and inflores-
-br
cence-branches usually more or less hairy, 28. S. uniligulata,
Involucre broadly Caa a pedicels and inflores-
cence-branches usually glabro 29. S. austrina:
Leaf-blades crenate-serrate, 30. S. flavovirens.
1348 CARDUACEAE
Internodes of the stem prominently LA below the leaves,
(the leaves being decurrent) : eaf-blades very rough
(retrorsely scabrous) ab :
Involucre broadly campanulate, 4.5-5 m high, abou
t 3
mm. thick: achene two- thirds le eneth P" the Sus 31. S. rigida.
Involucre campanulate to narrowly campanulate, 4 mm.
high, 2.5 mm. thick; achene equalling the pappus. . 32. S. salicina.
XI. SEMPERVIRENTE
Plant without long horizontal stolons: basal rosettes large and conspicuous:
leaves gradually much reduced upwards; blades Ho. DIC. -ribbed, not pellucid-punc-
tate, not grayish-canescent, thick or fleshy, glabrous on both sides, entire, the midrib
prominent, the lateral largely obscure, the veins prominent, the lower petioles 1-3
spreading, the heads unilat nose, small to rather large, 5-9 high :
stigmas flattened, longer than wide: achene silky-pubescent, obscurely or obsoletely
ribbed, gray, or at maturity blackish, truncate at the apex. 33. S. mexicana.
XII. NEMORALE
Plants without long horizontal stolons: TD osettes Pau leaf-blades
at least partially triple- ribbed : heads small or middle sized, 3-8 m . high, m
ally racemose: stigmas triangular- lanceolate flattened ; achene Bede at least above
Stem glabrous: branehes of Md glabrous: achene
about equalling the pa
Cauline leav es abruptly s mallee from near the base of the
stem: involucral Brace with med midribs or rib-
les involuere narrowly campanulate. 34. S. Gattingeri.
Caubne leaves not abr ‘uptly smaller above the base of
the st ed M E bracts with conspicuous mid-
ribs rolucre eyli 35. S. pinetorum.
Stems Gloss: o bran clos of inflore ce pubeseent :
achene little more than Ts the length. of the pappus.
Upro in es with oblanceola spatulate blades: in-
anastomosing beneath; the hairs little pustular. 36. S. nemoralis,
: i 7 b blade in
Upper leaves with oval, ovate obovate S
oluere turbinate, the pedicels strongly bracteolate
involucral bra bb ru veins of leaf-blades
doi A anastomosing bene ; the hairs strongly
pustu 31. S. radula.
II. VERNAE
Plant with long slender horizontal stolons: basal rosettes conspicuous : blades
of the lower leav i Dd e S ovate-cordate blades ; not p. ren not pelluci id-
punctate, firm, ate crenate-serrate, the not impre sea AE
panieulate, the bee pm naked below, de "E he ads less un
lateral: heads small to rather large, 5-8 m p ligules of tho ay Bright. Sellow,
conspicuous: style not or but little exs serted : tigmas flattened, triangular: achene
somewhat dilated upward, appressed-pubes
Leaf-blades tomentose beneath; petioles strongly margined:
involucre 4-4.5 mm. high.
Leaf-blades oe poem margined above only; in-
voluere 5-1 mm. hi ig 39. S. tarda.
l V. PETIOLATAE
Plant with long slender hori DUST stolons: basal rosettes conspicuous, the
leaves mueh the larger: ieee abrupt and very conspicuously reduced upward;
blades of the lower leaves with linear e pad 2 all blades firm, glabrous,
not triple-ribbed, not pellucid punctate, entire allo wly crenate ser mo oe
lateral veins 2 scarcely unc ed inflorese cd spi ike-li ze or wly
ni
38. S. verna.
brous or nearly so: heads small to rather large, 5-9 m high ; style not or but
little exserted: stigmas flattened, triangular: achene ican sparsely vibes scent,
Heads numerous to very numerous: involucral bracts thin,
except at the midrib, glabrate: blades of the basal
leaf linear to oblong-elliptic n i ulate or lanceolate,
aoe pid E markedly un
He ow terminal Une. and secund at the
en oo nal long branches: blades of ine lower
gi leaves s shallowly crenate-serrate: ligules of the
ray o
one, . 40. S. gracillima,
Heads in a a thyrse, the lower branches short,
leaves entire, or shallowly crenate-serrate ray- -flowers
several with conspicuous ligules 41. S. petiolata.
s"
CARDUACEAE 1349
Heads few (5-15): involucral bracts firm, thickish, strigil-
lose: blades of the basal leaf spatulate to oblanceolate,
the inner much shorter-petioled than outermo 42. S. pulchra.
XV. FLEXICAULES
Plant with long slender ULL stolons: bas rosettes wanting or ver
inconspicuous : leaf- blades gradually reduced upward, uo a apes not pellucid-
punctate, the lateral veins well developed: lower heads illary clusters, the
upper spicate ; all small, medium sized or s 'ely rather lare p» m . high: stigmas
triangular- lanceolate : achene silky- -pubese n
Involueral bracts one-ribbed or essentially so (the lateral
ribs wanting or developed towards base only).
Stem. a -branches, and involucre glabro ous or
S
Stem and branches bluish- -gray and more or SS
glaucous (before too old), the stem terete, or
long a zi
ally
hd slenderly about 10-ribbed.
He DS age Ga MAE an Tue base, firm, 0.5-
e 1- A . lo np: involucre
$5 tam hi Pel ots -2 43. S. caesia.
Leaf. blades ‘cuneate. tapering PE the DE thin, 1.5-
5.5 c Me petioles 1-5 mm. long: i nvolucre
4.4.5 m righ, 2.5 “3.5 mm. wide, 44. S. latissimifolia,
Stem and Brandis E not eeu ous, the
Strongly angled, usually zig-zag: le af bla des
broadly oe 2.5-10 cm. wide, nies than twice as zi
long GM vide: achene with ribs concealed by RH ca
cen 45. S. flezicaulis.
Stem, a en cd! branches, and involucre DE
BE part of the thyrse DES like: os 3-4.5
high: stem terete below, not glau 46. S. pubens.
Inv olueral "bracts 3-5-ribbed. »"
Involucre narrowly campanulate, 3-4.5 mm. high. © 4T. S. Curtisü.
In. SD DCEE pal campanulate, 5-6 mm. high. 48. S. lancifolia.
XVI. ALTISSIMAE .
Plant with long slender horizontal stolons: basal e one or hio
inconspicuous: leaf-blades not triple-ribbed, often conspicuously veined: heads mall
to rather large e, 3.5-8 mm. high; at least the lower heads ünilaterally a.
ic appendages triangular- lanceolate: achene pubescent, not strongly ribbed.
Leaf-blades narrowly linear-oblong, linear-lanceolate, or
e T te. channeled, with the lateral veins
a ns obseure, those of the lower leaves at least
d ved- 2 eading or recurved, and more or less twisted
l 49. S. tortifolia.
Leaf-blades odes neither markedly channeled, recurved-
spreading, or d at the base, with the lateral
, p) promin
eeth or fives Sronely De heute above. 50. S. fistulosa.
elliptic i
o m ccep
developed widely spreading branches. 51. S. dispersa.
Heads strongly secund on w idely spreading branches.
tem strongly hairy above d IoHDd plants.
Leaf-blades not cor rdate, short-petioled, acute
volucre cylindric, the pedicel moderately
bracteolate 02. S. altissima,
Mi -developed leaf-blades shallowly cordate,
sile very short-petioled, obtuse or
s a
n the stem
z
reely pustular hairs: involucre
‘turbinate-cylindrie, ae pedicel usually very
ngly bracteola 53. S. celtidifolia. -
Stem glabrous below the E or sparingly
Al wet- -ground or damp-ground
1350 CARDUACEAE
Leaves somewhat fleshy : involucres nearly cy-
lindric, the bracts thick, the outer ovate, the
inner with erect tips. 54. S. Elliottii.
ipis" 2 fleshy: involueres broadly cam-
ulate or cylindric, the bracts thin or
chatty, ti the outer lanceolate or ovate-
Jance
Involucre b fondi y campanulate, 5 mm. high ;
bracts thin, but firm, the outer ovate-
HERE eolate, acutish, the inner with erect
Ips, 55. S. Edisoniana.
Involucre cylindrie, 6 mm. high; bracts thin
1 chaffy, the outer lanceolate, acumi-
: inne vith inflexed or in-
curved tips 56. S. mirabilis,
o SEROTINAE
Plant with long horizontal stol : basal rosettes wanting or very inconspicu-
ous: stem closely leafy, the lea t blades triple- ribbed, usually serrate: heads Lhe
small to medium- sized, 2-7 mm. high, unilaterally racemose in our species : stigmas
triangular-lanceolate : 'achene pubescent.
Branches of the inflorescence glabrous.
Branches of the inflorescence pubescen
tem
E 51. S. glaberrima.
S S Eu glabrous (minutely pulverulent): head
4.5-6 m hi igh:
58. S. serotina.
Stems Hor. E
uid 0-3 puo high: achene about d engi of
the us: main stem glabrous or hai 59. S. canadensis.
a 3-5 mm, high: achene half n length. e m.
)appus :: main Sion conspi sly ha
east at the bases of due petioles
tae leaf-blades narrowly la ecole or oblanceo-
late: stem E below the petioles 60. S. Leaveniworthii.
Larger ' leaf- blade nceolate or 'oblong-
lanceolate bnc: m Su EO ent all over. Gi. S. hirsutissima,
1. S. glomerata Michx. Stem stout, 3-11 dm. tall, apple a eae ously
angled: blades of the basal leaves thin, 8— 15 em. long, 2.5-5 em. wide, ciliate,
p lon
x: disk
orollas 6.5-7.5 m ong. — Cliffs and es
2. S. squarrosa Muhl. Stem stout, 4-15 dm
tall, white-pubescent above: ba sal rosettes
conspicuous, their leaves with thin but ae
blade
, the petiole as long or longer: stem-
leaves reduced, the lower more sharply serrate, the upper entire or nearly so:
ads 10-12 m in nicli- involueral braets lanceola ate, pubescent, acute, all except
r with Fani squarrose tips.—Rocky oer and hillsides, various
aen s N of Coastal Plain, ‘‘Ga.’’ and N. Car o Ind.. Ont., and N. B.—
Sum.-fall.
S. Milleriana Mackenzie. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, de elosely short-hispid
above, iae towards base: B i e wanting: eaf-blades oblong-oval,
the larger mostly 6-8 em. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, a nd icu: above,
sparsely pubescent beneath, a firm, those of the lower leaves shallowly and
dpud Dis -serrate, thos of the upper o with entire blades: petioles
l- ong: heads 7- bh En hi ap
ered. rici, all except the inner with spreading tips. [^*S. petiolaris
Ait. M gras ndy pin nelands, acid soils, mostly Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and
N. —fal
CARDUACEAE 1351
S. Buckleyi T. & G. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, strict, strongly pilose above,
leaf- blad r
parsely so below: basal pure wanting: es oblong-obovate o
din pe ARES, mostly em. long, 2.5-5 em. wide, hispidulous on
veins sparingly Er RA below, thin, those of the lower leaves strongly
crenate- snl n those of the upper entire or nearly so; petioles 1-5 mm. long:
heads 7-8 mm. high: involueral bracts oblong-lanceolate, acute or acutish, his-
pidulous and ciliate, the tips of the outer only spreading : achene blackish,
te
mewhat compressed.—Dry woodlands in limestone regions, Appalac hian
Plateau, Ala. to Ill. and Mo.—Sum.-fall.
5. S. E y Stem usually 5-8 ET dm. tall, bora ie leaves
with ovate oblong-ovate blades em. g, wide, crenate-
Ru eed -pubescent or -hirsute on "n sides; A Y% to T ngth of
bl high; involueral bracts oblong, chartaceous, nearly
smooth, usually whitish-yellow with the greenish midrib conspi cuously dilated
above.—Dry banks, woods and a usually in acid soils, various provinces, Ga.
to Mo., Ont., and N. B —Sum fall.
S
Uu
CD
£5
Pu
un
B
6. S. hispida Muhl. Similar to S. bicolor in habit, but with the heads usually
slightly larger: involucral bracts narrowly oblon ng, firm, durer se, subherba-
eous, Eis ed E with the green midrib obseurely to strongly
ilated above.— anks and dry hillsides in limestone soils, Y various prov
inces N of Du ch Ga. 3 Ark., Man., and Newf.—Sum.-fall,
i S. LPs S rn Stem usually 5-10 (3-13) dm. tall; lower leaves 6-9 em
ong, 1.8 n. wide, the blades ear) cat pi essentia ally Vedi on
ei UN shallowly erenate: heads 8-1 . high: involuere campanulate:
achen column nar, narrowly linear ed n woodlands, acid soils, various
Pon Ga. to Mi iss. Wis., and Con
8. S. Porteri Small. Stem 6-14 dm. tall, glabrous below, sparsely pubescent
above, short-pubeseent in the in nflorescene ce: leaf-blades oblong- “oblanceolate,
8-18 cm. long, 2.5—4.5 . wide, crenate-serrate, sparsely hairy o
e braets oblong; achene linear- clavate, blackish.—Dry Md. Pied-
mont of Ga.—Sum.-fall.
S. puberula t t. Stem 3-10 dm. tall: basal rosettes conspicuous, their
lea af- blades spatulate, 3-10 em. long, 1.5-2.5 em. wide, crenate-serrate, sparsely
hispidulous-pube EAE on both sides; petioles as long or longer: involucral
racts thin, the midrib obsolete: ligules of the ray rarely white: achene sks
green, slightly dilated upward.—Dry open woodlands, acid soils, various pr
inces, rs o Miss, Tenn., Que, and P. E. I., most common near the coa n
—Sum.—fall.
10. S. pulverulenta Nutt. Stem 4-12 dm. ape lower leaf-blades oblong-
bovate or oblanceolate, 3-8 em. long, 1.2-2.5 em. wide, crenate-serrate, the
petiole as long or longer: involucral bracts thin, with the midrib obscure:
achene somewhat dilated upward.—Dry pi inelands, acid soils, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Sum.-fall.
11. S. ignium Porter. Stem 2-8 dm. tall, pubescent above and in the in-
florescence only, or sparingly loosely pubesce rà basal rosettes e
lower Jea f- blades oblong-obovate or obovate, 3-10 cm. long, 2-5 wide,
ian oe or serrate, hispidulous above aid pubescent ia: h mostly on
the s; petiole usually shorter: en braets glabrou p e linear,
obeunt ribbed. [S. montic oe T. & G. not Jor Maz i Polla
alleghaniensis House] Dry w oods, in aeid pd Blue Ridge D Appalachian
Plateau, *Ga,'* to «Ala, 7? W. Va., and Md.—Sum.—fall.
1352 CARDUACEAE
2. S. Harperi Mackenzie. Stem 10-15 dm. tall: lower leaf-blades oblong-
elliptie, 6-12 em. long, -9.5 em. wide, glabrous, ana E above,
hg roid 8-12
h: th . j m. wide, its
branches hirsutulous: heads 7-9 mm. high: involucral e Pan ciliolate,
thickish, firm, not keeled.—Dry ae Coastal Plain and more northern prov-
inces, Ga. t o E Tenn.—Fall.
conferta Mill. Stem 8-20 dm. tall: lower leaf-blades n -obovate
a een 1.2-2.5 dm. long, crenate or crenate-serrate; pet ioles usually
somewhat shorter: branches of the thyrse hirsutulous: heads PF mm. high
Mu bracts ciliate. [S. age Nutt.]—Dry woodlands, various prov-
f Coastal rum N. C. to Okla., Minn. and Mass. and introduced
Sper enn ard.—Fal
14. S. rigidiuscula (T. & G.) Porter. Stem 6-12 dm. tall: lower piod rude
narrowly lanceolate to iin lanceolate, 5—10 cm. long, entire or etime
erenate; petioles short: thyr with Sie branches: heads 6-8 m hi igh:
involucral l bracts ciliate —Dry sunny places, various provinces, Ga. to 7 ys
Dak., and Minn.—Sum.-fall.
15. S. plumosa Small. Stem 4-10 dm. tall: lower leaf-blades linear- "ibus
4—10 em. long, 7-14 mm. wide, g labrous, sparingly ar serrate a dull-
green on both sides: thyrse oblong, 1.5-3 dm. long, 5-10 em. wide, its ou S
nearly glabrous: heads 8—10 mm. high: involuere pee re bracts Be
veins: igh, in a flat-top m
involueral braets la nceolate, a. thin, ciliate, P .—Sunny exposures,
high altitudes, Blue Ridge, N. C. and Tenn —Sum.-fall—A ve ry well marked
species. Ned only representative of a most widely distr ibuted group of golden-
17. odora Ait. Stem 5-13 dm. tall: leaf-blades Eu dM or ed
es larger 4-16 em. long, 4-16 mm. wide, the margins ciliolat : heads 4-5.5 m
high, 2 mm. thick: involucral bracts yellow, glabrous, not exceeded by t
pappus at flowering time.—(SWE n ater y acid woodlands, e
cially a E elands, various provinces Fla. to T Okla., and Me.—Sum.-fall.
—Som erroneously referred to S. MU Pe Sehoepf. which is Re |
es
Buthamia Pon ons (L. : Nutt
Chapmanii T. & G. Stem 2-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-oblong,
th
18. S.
lanceolate, or oblong-ovate, the eun 3-6 cm. long, 1—1.8 mm. wide, the margins
he 6 2-9 m
lute, eiliolate: heads 6—7 mm h, 2- . thick: involucral "braets light-
rev hig
yellowish, glabrous, ciliate, markedly exceeded D the pappus. at flowering time.
—Pinelands and sandy dd. Fla. to S. Ga.—Sum.-fal
19. S. ulmifolia Muhl. St em 6-15 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so below in-
i Prin ovate or obovate or narrower, the larger 6-14 c . long,
2—4.5 er
M fev, e spreading, the longer not Eug des towards base:
heads 4-6 mm. high: involucral bracts narrow, acute, Faeries adnan or |
oblong- icon achene 1.5 mm. long, s slightly enlar upward.—Dry or
dor soil, open woods po tidckets, various provinees, E Coastal Plain, Ga.
to , Mi nn. and N. S.—Sum —fa ll.
CARDUACEAE 1353
20. S. notabilis Mackenzie. Stem 3-8 E ine o short white-pubese ent:
lower leaf-blades ovate or co ina 4—8 em. long, 3-5 em. wide, sharply serrate,
elosely hispidulous above, osely s shor t et pos the petiole
about length of blade, the b strongly cordate: upper stem-leaves oblong-
laneeolate or oblong-ovate, gal ent entire, strongly iu 1, often ab-
ruptly contracted below the middle: inner involucral 2 much "the longer,
li — Dr
narrowly linear, acute [* 5. amplexicaulis Martens.??] — Dry woodlands,.
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, "Fia. to Tex., Ark., al Tenn.—Sum.-fall.
21. S. juncea Ait. Stem 4-15 dm. tall, a: Ec leaf-blades ovate-
lanceolate or obovate ieee te, 8-15 cm. lon wide, glabrous, sharply
serrate, the upper gradually redu ced: panicle- o flower-bearing to much
elow the middle: heads usually strongly secund, 4.5-6 mm. high: involueral
braets linear- ob acutish, the midrib eo nspicuous: Belen 5-r ibbed, brownish,
Jr short- “pubescent —Dry fields and open woodla fan. various provinces , Ga.
** Mo.?? **Sask."? Que., and N. S.—Sum.—fall.
22. S. Boottii Hook Stem 5 9—15 dm. tall, glabrous eel the inflorescence:
2.5-3.5 c
larger leaf-blades of an oval-obovate type, 5-10 e ong, . wide,
serrate, thickish, firm: inflorescence- ‘branches widely “spreading, t the lon er ones
flower- bearing towards the end only: heads abou gh: involueral bracts
thin, linear-oblong, obtuse or acutish: ee 1. mm. a dilated a
Dry woodlands, ee provinces, Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and Md.—Sum.-fal
S. strigosa Small. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, an ee below a aique
E es blades of an oblong-oval type, 10—18 lon vide,
hispi ee or ii pun on the veins, m cane p Grice
singly se rate: inflorescence-branches sae band spreading, the longer ones
flo bee ing above Ts iddle: heads 4.5—5.5 high volueral braets
thickish, opine obtuse or acutish: achen sí om Si done pute clavate, con-
spicuously Ed .—Dry woodlands, Coastal Plain, Ga. to La., Ark., and SE
Mo.—Sun
24. S. yadkinensis (Porter) Small. Stem 5- xd EUR tall, p except i
the o : lower leaf-blades ovate, 8—15 em. long, 6- 9 em vide, thiekish,
singly s eae, minutely hispidulous, otherwi ise Sp ous; petio ole much short rter
than the pe inflorescence ns ascending stiff branches, flower-bearing to the
base: heads 7-9 mm. si volucral bracts oblong, obtus chene linear-
clavate, ribbed. [S. argut bud tana A. Gray S. Vaseyi Heller] -Woods
and low grounds, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, Fla. to Ala. and N
fall.
25. S. brachyphylla Chapm. Stem 5-13 dm. tall, elosely e pubescent,
closely leafy peg eige larger lea. blades oblong- -oval or oval-obovate, 3—7 em.
1.2-2.5 e
long, . wide, crenate- Mus branches of inflorescence i VALE
n nof ed ‘bearing o n lower ns he ads pane 2 J > e hi s
voluere cylindric; bracts oed obtuse, firm: achen ee
ong,
dilated upward, 8-10-r ibbed. [S. M C. Mohr] Dry merece “Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Miss. and S. Car.—Sum.-fall.
. S. arguta Ait. Stem 6-12 EE tall, apis except in the inflorescence:
lower leaf-blades ovate, 8-15 em. long, 5-8 e vide, thin, sharply more or less
doubly serrate, deep-green above much lig hter. -green beneath, Je as
long as the blades or longer: in nflorescence large and loo the branches flower-
bearing at the ends: involuere 3-4.5 mm. high, 2-2.5 mm. thick; inner bracts
linear-oblong: stigmas WARS iere uic in the disk: achene
ains or nearly so; pappus 3—4 mm. long. 2 n dt various provinces,
N. C. Alan «< Miss., nr ES yc and Me.—Sum
1354 CARDUACEAE
27. Harrisii Steele. Stem 6-12 dm. i Red except in the
florescence: lower leaf- blades ovate, 6—18 em. long, 3- wide, firm, B
more or less doubly dai little gcns Pc "Hui above; petioles
as long as the blades or longer: inflorescence large and loose, x branches
widely spre gee mat er- TE at the tips: involucre 4—6 mm. hi igh, 2.54 m
thiek; inner braets oblong-obovate: oe Pa cs exserted, inconspicuous
in the disk: achene hairy: P appus 2.5-3.5 mm. long. [S.V yi (Fi. SE. U. S.) J—
Dry ue Blu p idge and adj. bee ** Ga «C Ala.?? to Ky.
and W. —gur um.—
28. S. uniligulata Gi page Stem ee dm. tall, eid below the in-
florescence: leaves us, strongly decreasing in size upwards; blades of
the larger ones Duns or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-3 ES . lon n l3 em. wide,
shallowly serrate, firm or thiekish, glabrous: heads ery numerous to few,
in a large to small thyrse, the lower MEA hirsute, Rire n usually
short, Bond the upper heads closely bunched: heads 6-8 mm. high: involueral
bracts oblong, obtuse, with a conspicuous midiib: achene 1. 5-9 mm. long, linear,
dilated upw Ru ibbed. Ls: oe T. & G.]—Acid swamps and bogs, various
provinces, N. C. to Wis. Newf.—Sum.-fall—A relat e ee S. uliginosa
Nutt., was apparently fae ee recorded from N. C. in Fl. SE. U. S. 1194.
ustrina Small. Stem 8-15 pet tall, pape weed even in the inflores-
cence: ` leaf- a a 6-1 n . lon em. wide, glabrous, firm, ser-
rate, tapering t margined pet which is i20 Eun than the blade:
thyrse s elongate i ‘branches us -spreading, flower-bearing to base or
d : heads 7 -8 mm. high: involucral bracts oblong, acutish or obtuse:
ne 2. o mm. long, ribbed .—Swamps, sometimes brackish, Coastal Plain and
Piedmont Ga. to Va.—Sum.-fall.
. flavovirens Chapm. Stem 5-20 dm. tall glabrous even in the in-
florescence: Lis Su tear oblong-ovate or r oblanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, 2-5
ide, glabrous, firm, thickish, crenate-serrate, tapering to a margined
ecole which vari ies from much shorter than the blade to ees as long:
thyrse narrow, long, bei branches short, spre d flower-bearing to base or
he
edi S0: ads 7-9 m igh: involucral bracts narrow, acutish: achene 2-2.5
m. long, ribbed Brackish marshes, dun de Florida.
31. S. rigida L. Stem 5-20 dm. tall, stout, Sarai except in inflorescence:
lower leaf-blades oblong. ovate, 1.2—2 dm m. long, 5-9 em. wide, firm but not thick,
closely crenate-serrate, very rough above es minute retrorse hispid hairs,
smooth and glabrous be neath: inflorescence elongate and loose, the bra nches
RT -spreading or iic gcn erect, the heads often crowded towards the
ends: heads 6- om be ca volucre broa adly campan nu Da oblong,
obtuse: achene long, 10-ribbed, sparsely pubes ent. [S. patula
£,
. Muhl. |] —Swampy “woodland and thickets, various provinces, Ga. to Mo., Ont.,
and Me.—Sum.—fal
32. S. salicina Ell Stem 6-15 dm. tall, y stout, glabrous, except in the
d
inflorescence: Nu leaf-l blades oblong-ovate to oblong- es s e, -2 dm
long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, thin e stiff, bendi: -serrate or se dull- -green and
strongly uat seabrous above, smooth and light- e o th: inflores-
cence elongate and narrow, “the heads in few-flowered clusters or short racemes,
not at all ad heads mm, e voluere campanulate to narrowly
campanulate; bracts linear-oblong, a Em or sish: achene 2.5 mm. long,
2.
obscurely ribbed, sparsely a ids grounds, Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Sum.-fall.
S. mexicana L. dm. tall stout, glabrous below the in-
florescence: lower leaf blades blong. lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1-2.2 dm.
CARDUACEAE 1355
long, 1.2-3 em. wide, obtuse or ec PER -ciliolate, entire: heads 5-7 mn
high, in an elongate narrow panie , the branches short: involucral bracts ied
rowly oblong-lanceolate 7 13, the ae 9 mm. long, oblong-oval:
ng, % length of pappus, not narrowed S0.—
34. S. Gattingeri Chapm. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, smooth and glabrous through-
out: lower d des Moe Or narr rowly s spatulate, den shallowly
serrate or entire: upper leaf-blades much sm Paper linear-oblanceolate, entire:
panicle ie the branches w widely Spreading, g labrous, flower-bearing above
the middle: heads 4—5 mm. high: s ois ee thick, narrowly oblong:
achene sparingly silky aes —Limestone barrens, various provinces N of
Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Tex. and Mo eun fall.
9. S. pinetorum Small. Stem 4-11 dm. tall, smooth and glabrous through-
out: lower leaf-blades mcus Sed co eronate- serrate above middle:
upper leaf-blades smaller, narrower and entir P iele medium-sized, the
nehes widely spreading, glabrous: heads 4- 5i high: unm bracts
i oblong, the o a at apex: A Su. silky.—Pinewoods,
Piedmont, N. C.—
36. S. nemoralis Ait. Stem and res f plant grayish-green, 1-9 dm. tall,
erect, E aa or rarely prostrate, ae short- oe ie lower ne blades
oblanceolate or spatulate, 4-15 em. long, 1-2.5 ick, nate or
crenate-dentate, rough gra ayish- pubescent Em both sides, e Men longer a
the blade: upper leaf-blades ler, narrower and entire:
medium-sized, jin aqu Ar, Or peu Eras sparingly p
teolate: heads very numerous, 3 iom h, 1.5 m hick: involucral bracts
rather thin: ree. of the T ray short.—Dry sunny situations, sube ides, banks,
open no and especially in een various pro , Fla to Tex., Sask.,
and N. S.—Sum.—fall.—One of the most widely distributed. and abundant species
of Solidago
37. S. radula Nutt. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, erect or ascending, roughly short-
a ia iut leaf- blades oblong-obovate, oblanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate,
4—8 c ong, 1-2.5 em. wide, firm, rough-hairy on both sides s, not at all hoary,
ee. ae eae veined ben eath, nate-dentate, hui shallowly so, a
nearly entire: upper leaf-blades modes maller: inflorescence narrow
ample, the branches a erect to recurved-spr da ng: heads 4-6 m high:
involucral bracts narrow, oe 1s Tigu les of the ray short.—Dry eens
ledges, various provinces, N. C., . to Tex., Mo., and Ill.—Sum. -fal ll.
. S. verna M. A. Cur Stem 5-9 dm. tall, p pubescent, sometimes
almost villous: lower teat bla des 4- 9 em. long, 2-5 wide, tomentose be-
neath, hispidulous above, acute, ind) vue. petioles as a as the blades
or twice or thrice as long, stro ongly argined: orescence ae lax, the heads
conspicuously peduncled: involucre broadly md cie 4—4.5 m igh; bracts
linear, acutish: ray-flowers 10-12, the ligules linear- -oblong, bright. -yellow.—
Pinelands, Coastal Plain, E N. C. 'and NE S. C.—Spr.—A very local species;
rarely collected.
9. S. da m Stem 5-9 dm. tall, ER below um inflorescence:
lower leaf. blades 4-9 cm. long, 3—5 em. wide, e, glabrous on both sides
dull-green a eeu -green du does pid serrate, aneqsiterity
rounded at the base; petioles as long as the blades or up to eas |
margined only: i typically somewhat lax, cu con-
1356 CARDUACEAE
iod the heads 2. ‘short-peduncled: involuere campanulate, 5-7 mm. high;
oblon ray-flowers 8-10, the ligules oblong, bright-yellow.—
Pinel al Coastal Plain, oC —Sum.—fall.
S. gracillima a & G. Stem 4-10 dm. tall, slender; lower leaf-blades
oblanceolate or spatulate, 2-8 em. long, 8-12 mm. wide, du ull-gr reen above, lighter
beneath, shallowly ear serrate except near base; petioles equalling or 2-3
times as long as the ee es: | T pare es numerous, much r educed; blades entire
r rly so: 1 i i E E 2—5
very long and slender spreading uas with the heads secund o upper
third de heads 5-6 mm. high, few-flowered: inv o boc Ea Gone.
| ln ray-flowers rm wanting, sometimes solitary: achene linear, short-
pubescent, dark-colored.—Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, E and Ga.—Sum.-fall.—
B ud ted.
41. S. petiolata Mill. Stem 2.5—20 dm. tall, TA gc er leaf ins
6-15 6—2.5
narrowly linear-oblanceolate to lanceolate, c vide,
entire or ales ly Tae serrate; petio oles one- fourth as us as the blade to
as long: stem-leaves abruptly 1 nuch redue ed, very numerous, en ntire, sessile,
appressed or spreading: heads in a strict spike -like thyrse or sometimes the
lower branches short spreading and the heads unilateral, 6-7 hi in-
voluere turbinate-campanulate; bracts linear, acute, thin, Es eines ray-
mcs several; ligules elliptic, conspicuous: achene linear-obeonie, silky,
colo [S. stric irgat d go E Chrysopsis
and N. J.—(W. I.)— —fall.—
Pocsibly B uis more than one eee as Hen ao
42. S. pulchra Small. Stem 2.5-4 dm. tall, dub very slender: s leaf-
blades spatulate or oblanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, 8-14 n wide, entire, obtuse,
labrous, even the ae eciliate ; petioles AR ned abe TN to three
times length of blade: stem-leaves abruptly much reduced, appressed, sessile,
most] and 1—2.5 mm. i
: e ^2 em. lon
voluere campanulat or turbinate-campanulate; bracts obl ong, i acutish, strigil-
lose: ray-flowers 5 or 6, the ligules ovate, bright-yellow, 4—5 mm. lon ne
linear PDA appressed silky.—Moist sandy soil, Coastal Plain, E: N. aa
43. S. caesia L. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, nup per. terete, with a blu
gray glaucous pom which is often obse age: leaf-bla des oblanceolate
ei oblong-o olate, or oblo ng-lanceolate ran dm. long, 0.5-3 c
wide, glabrous, Samply s ine serrate, firm, lon ng-acuminate, ron dees
at base; pes oles 1-2 mm. long: heads 4-6 mm. high: involuere 3.5—4 mm. high,
1.5-2 mm. wide; bae obtuse: achene linear, 10-ribbed T usually
dry but sometime es damp soil, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Wis., Ont., and
Sum —Sum.—fall.
. S. latissimifolia Mill. Stem 5-13 dm. tall, slender, straight, terete or
sometimes obscur ee ML glabrous below, sparingly pubes nt above, with a
shght bluish- "gray glaucous bloom: leaf-bla de es broadly T te to obovate,
—20 em. long, 1.5-5. 5. em. wide, thin, strongly dE oi sparingly hirsutu-
lous, sharply and deeply se rrate, cuneate- -tapering at base; petioles 1-5 mm.
long: ood a 5 mm. high: involucre 4-4.5 mm. high, 9. 5-3. 5 mm. wide;
braets : achene oblong, enlarged upward. [S. flaccidifolia Small
S. asterifoli. Small Dry woodlands, Coastal Plain to Appalachian Plateau,
Ga. to La.—Sum.—fall.
45. S. flexicaulis L. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, slender, strongly angled, usually zig-
zag, glabrous, not glaucous: leaf-blades broadly ovate, rather abruptly acumi-
CARDUACEAE 1357
nate, 0.5—1.8 Pd long, 2.5-10 em. wide, thin, very sharply and deeply serrate,
glabrous above, sparingly pubeseent beneath, abru uptly narrowed at the base,
m n
S. Dak., and N. S., and Va.—Sum.-fall.
46. S. pubens M. A. Cu rti s. Stem 4-15 dm. tall, ipud pilose; leaf-blades
narrowly oblanceolate to broadly Mum 6-16 . long, 2.5—4.5 em. wide,
sharply serrate, thin, hirsutulous above, pi ilose wen on the veins; petioles
1-3 mm. Mn he ads 5-6 mm. high, in short or even long axi Ai raeemes, the
lower racemes much M 2Y ia leaves, the upper aggregated and forming
a short thyrse: involucre 3—4.5 1. high; bracts hispidulous ee obscurely
o at the ben bh lene pee eae -hirsutulous.—Rich woods, Blue Ridge,
Ga. to Tenn. and N. Car.—Sum.-fall.
47. S. Curtisii T. & G. Stem 5-14 dm. tall, slender, glabrous below, dd
cent ids pa blades ee la to broadly oblanceolate, g- 20 ec
long, 1.5 . wide, thin, Mai serrate, glabrous or pui SO, long: RU
nate, A uc ga at the ‘bas ; petio Bis. 1-10 mm. long: heads 5-6 mm. high,
in axillary clusters or short racemes, all except the peer Miner by
eaves, even the uppermost scarcely forming a spike: involucre narrowly
campanulate, 3-4.5 mm. high; Gee narrowly oblong, ciliolate, strongly 3—5-
ribbed: aehene appressed-hirsutulous—Rich dry soil in open upland pour
c A to Appalachian Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., Ky., and Va.—
48. S. lancifolia T. & G. zc 8-15 dm. tall, stoutish or oe glabrous below,
sparingly pubescent above: leaf-blades lanceolate , 8-20 em. long, 2-3 em. wide,
thin, sharply and deeply e glabrous to very sparingly hirsutulous, Pen
acuminate, ddp cuneate- -tapering at th ase; petioles 2-6 mm. qe
heads 6.5- 8 m high, in SC axillary racemes, the DIR forming a narr
terminal ice se: involuere broadly campanu late, 5— 6 1 high ; bracts BHO
obtuse, ciliolate, enn puberulent or hispidulous, pn. 3—9-ribbed: achene
appressed- hirsutulous.—Rich woodlands, slopes and summits, Blue Ridge, Ga
and N. C.— Sum fall.
49. S. tortifolia Ell. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, closely roughly short-pubescent:
leaves very numerous; blades narrowly linear- -oblong, linear-lanceolate, or ob-
uda a paler ie 5-8 cm. long, 2.5-6 mm. wide, channeled, those of the lower
leaves, at least, recurved-sprea adin ng and slightly twisted at the base, shallowly
serrate above uc middle, hispidulous on the midvein and margins, sessile, with
rse em
d, 3.5 :
achene sparsely and minutely pubese ent. eu. ry sandy soil, pinelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Md.—Su m.-fall or all year S.
50. S. fistulosa Mill. Stem 6-20 dm. tall strongly white-hirsute abov
glabrate towards the base: leaves very numerous; blades dione dono di ous Or
oblong-oblan o 9-12 em. long, 1.7-2.5 em. wide, sparingly and shallowly
t : ;
e ve be
cent at least on the veins, with the broad base somewhat clasping: pee les 0.5-2
E long, the branehes numerous, spreading, usually flower-bearing nearly to
he base: heads 5-7 mm. high, secund, long-peduneled: involucre cylindrie
C br m linear-lanceolate, acute, thin: achene pubes
S. asperic caulis A. H. Moore]—Moist sunny localities, low pine-lands, per
soils, Coastal Plain, La. to Fla. and N. J.—Sum.- fall.
1358 CARDUACEAE
. S. dispersa Small. Stem 7-12 dm. tall, glabrous or sparingly wd eds,
pope in the inflorescence: lower leaf- blades oblong-oblanceolate, 8—15 e
ong, glabrous or sparingly hairy on the wd o y crenate- -serrate, shin m
i above, duller beneath, tapering to a margined petiole-like base; upper
leaves much reduced: thyrse ‘lo ong and narrow, ie heads little secund, or with a
few long n spreading paar flower-bearing towards the end and the
heads secund: heads 6 . high: involucre turbinate- ‘eampanulate ; bracts
ee i bins achene E pM) obseurely ribbe d.—Low
andy open woods, Coastal Plain, Miss. to Tex.—Sum.-fall.
52. S. kama L. ate 3-25 dm. b strongly pubescent above, with the
hairs stiff, pustular, glabrate towards the base, closely leafy larger leaf-
blades oblanceolate = - oblong -lanceolate, 5-10 em. long, 1.5-2 c i Wide, sharply-
serrate, acuminate, thi n, prominently veined and Sacs hairy be-
neath, A prs mae viue dm. long, Ed branches few to ae í
peduncles moderately bracteolate: s small, 3-4 mm. high: involucre cylin-
drie: involueral bracts few, rather thin, the inner pore mostly obtusish:
achene appressed-hairy, obseu urely few-ribbed. [S. ru gosa Mil. S. Earlei
Small]— "ax. pod and woodlands, dry soil, often very abundant, various
provinces, Fla Mo., Ont, and Newf. — Sum.-fall—One of our most
abundant and ideo distributed i of Solidago
53. S. celtidifolia Small. Stem 6—20 dm. tall, eel doe re a eria 334
short pubeseent above, glabrate towards bas m-hair
y :
1.5-2.5 em. w e
sile or very short-petioled, very conspicuously veined especially below, the
petiole somewhat glandular: thyrse variable, us aly very large: peduncles
usually strongly bracteolate: heads small, 4—5 mm. high, involucre turbinate-
cylindric; bracts few, firm, the inner linear, acutish: achene hairy, obscurely
few-ribbed.— Wind soil or dry woodlands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex., Ark.,
and Ga.—Sum.-fal
54. S. Elliottii T. & G. Stem 8-18 dm. tall, pele striate or striate- oe
usually simple below the inflorescence: cauline leaves numerous; blades aren
or nearly so, 5-10 em. long, acute or slightly ae bluntly serrate, thic
glabrous, sometimes scabrous on the margins, somewhat veiny, igne or dese
so: thyrse rather crowded, the branches glabrous pd nearly so, with broad,
entire or obscurely toothed, acute, foliaceous bracts a mong ihe : secund err
peduncles glabrous or nearly so: involucre nearly eylindri c, 5-6 mm. high;
bracts thick, the outer ovate, obtuse or acutish, the inner linear or slight tly
linear- -spatulate, with D erect tips: ray- -flowers about 8; disk-flowers abou t
4, usually 2 or 3, nad than the ray- -flowers ; achenes very sparingly hispidulous,
sharply ribbed.—Damp rich soils, Parris Isla nd, S. C., and doubtless at other
points along the SO er Atlantic coast.—Fa 1l. — This species ee to be
known only from the original specimen from Parris Island, S. C. Specimens
ranging all the way from eastern Georgia to eastern Canada have been errone-
ously referred it.
55. S. Edisoniana Mackenzie. Stem 12-50 dm. tall, glabrous below, often
sparingly n ne rather pte o idged abo ove, often irregularly
branched: cauline leaves very numerou ri rege elliptic, ‘sometime es elliptic-
oblanceolate m the lower part of the stem ara eer aa above, 5-17
. long, usually a shallowly a, eae above, pubescen t with
sca ae red hairs beneath, finely v Hiper. sessi ile: media e densely flowered, the
branches elose 2 fine- pubescent, with rather aA finely toothed and scabro ous-
ma d acute bracts among the oad heads: pedu m minutely pubescent:
once broadly campanulate, 5 mm. high; up thin but firm, the outer ovate-
CARDUACEAE 1359
lanceolate, aeutish, the inner narrowly linear, with obtuse ereet tips; eu
a ut = disk-flowers about t 7: achenes sparingly hispidulous, ribbed.—
ocks, Ft. Mead, Fla.—Peculiar among our goldenrods of this and the ncn
ou, in dn it holds its lower cauline leaves tous. ut the growing season
. S. mirabilis Small. bd em 15-30 dm. tall, glabrous, ridged or rather
sharply angled, simple or nearly so below the inflore escence: eauline leaves nu-
merous; blades pap id ALS varying to elliptie-oblaneeolate or elliptic-
lanceolate, 6-15 e ong, a ree sharply serrate, except often the acumi-
nate tip, thin, Mi dolens on the veins and veinlets beneath, rather veiny, some-
what narrow j se usually ample
ads:
bracts thin, the outer lanceolate, acuminate, the inner narrowly o with
minute, Lure das inflexed or incurved tips: ray-flowers 5-7; disk-flowers 3-5,
usually 2 or 3 fewer than the ray-flowers: achene s sparingly hi VR AMA sharply
ribbed. lus hammocks, E coast of Fla., N of Cape Canaveral.—Sum.-fall.
S. glaberrima Martens. Stem 5-15 dm. tall, e dd slender, very
na middle leaf- blades era ieee 5—10 em. long, 6-12 mm. wide
firm, rigid, thiekish, aeute or acuminate, sessile, narrowed and long-tapering at
Or i | wer
: he bran
usually spreading or recurved, sometimes erect, glabrous: heads usually secun nd,
6 mm. high: involucral bracts een, oblong, obtuse: achene silky. «Cg.
missouriensis Nutt. 75er open places, prairies, and barrens, calcareous dis-
tricts, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tex. to Minn. and Tenn.—Sum.-
fall.
58. S. dis ina Ret 6-25 dm ta, rid glabrous below in-
6-12 e ong, dt M hore
ADS tapering at the pons sharply ae as Eris throughout, or
hairy on the 1 in pes large, the branches spreading or recurved,
hairy: 2 ads . high, secund: involuere campanulate; bracts narrowly
linear, M achene e sparsely silky, [S. gigantea Ait. ae thickets and
ende Ens provi , Fla. to Tex., Ore and N. B.—Sum
all.—One ‘of our most widely ea species of ae
59. S. canadensis L. Stem 5-20 dm. tall, Jeet glabrous or pubescent below,
strigillose n. and en ose in inflorescence, closely-leafy : larger leaf- bla des
ine
ate M . long, mm.
firm, sharply pira sharply remotely shallowly serrate, glabrous or. pu-
bescent, deep-green abo pe petioles 3-15 mm. a s thyrse large, the branches
spreading or b du heads 3.5—4 mm. high, secund: involuere Il -cam-
panulate; inner bracts narrowly lanceolate, iue thiekish: achene appressed-
pubescent. "[S. e T a —Rocky anks, various provinces ae os Coastal
Plain, S. C. to N. Dak., and Newf.—Sum.-fall—As here treated the
T includes rer varying "widely in pubescence, but all ae on small
eads.
60. S. Leavenworthii T. & G. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, glabrate iden, the base,
pubescent above in lines below the pem les, closely s short-pubescent in the in-
florescence, closely leafy: larger leaf-blades san rowly silence. or lanceolate
8) m i some
g, ypically about 8 ide, triple-ribbed, b -
times in be lateral veins little developed, joe uminate, sessile, sharply ser-
rate or er e-serrate or nearly entire, short-hispidulous on the midvein above,
otherwise pruden dull-green above: thyrse large, the branches widely spread-
1360 CARDUACEAE
ing, flower- cans nearly to the base: heads 5-6 mm. high, secund: involueral
bracts linear, thickish: achene minutely appear. pubescent. [S. Nashii
Small]—Damp soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. Car.—Sum.-fall.
61. S. hirsutissima Mill Stem 8-30 dm. tall stout, closely hirsute or
` pubescent, closely-leafy, much-branched above: larger le leaf-blades ccna i
oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 em. long, 8-15 mm. wide, st ird BM ac
or aeuminate, hirsutulous above, pubescent also beneath, sharply but not closely
serrate, dup or dires nis large, the Ee widely spreading, not
flower-bearing at the base: heads 4.5—6 mm. high, secund: involueral bracts nar-
T
rowly E acute or obtusis. achene appressed: hairy. ‘S. canadensis (
SE. U. S.). ''S. da di a —Dry sunny places, fields, woodlands, and
banks, various provin Fla T. aad Me — Sum.-fall—One of our most
widely distributed, nine me variable Jed of Solidago. As here treated
both it and S. canadensis are probably aggregate
31. BUTHAMIA Nutt. Perennial, herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate:
blades elongate, herbaceous. Heads many, in corymbs. Involuere narrow, few-
several-flowered: bracts various, the outer ones linear or nearly so. ay-flowers
more numerous than those of the disk: corolla yellow, with a slender tube and a
Mh smallligule. Disk- bee with a funnelform throat, and tube of about equal
l : lobes lanceola Anthers as long as the filaments or longer. Stigmas
Sb Pappus of prec bristles.—About 10 species, North American.
Leaf-blades manifestly 3—5-ribbed: ray-flowers 15-20. 1. E. graminifolia.
Leaf-blades 1-ribbed: ray-flowers 5—12.
Leaf-blades co Be over 3 mm. wide: disk-flowers 3 or 4, the
corollas 5-5. ng. 2. E. leptocephala.
Leaf-blades mostly | less S EA a wide: disk-flowers 5 or
6, the corollas 3-3.5 mm 3. E. minor.
1. E. graminifolia rr, Nutt. Plant 13-14 dm. tall: ager blades linear,
mainly over 4 inm. wide: heads in dense clusters: involucre campanula , the
inner bracts 3.5—4 a. long: achene pubes-
cent.—H
provinees, Fla. to Miss., Sask.,
L sum.—fall.
ate
2. E. leptocephala (T. & G.) G
Plant 4-11 cm. tall: leaf-blades linear,
mostly mm. wide: involuere turbi-
nate, the inner bra 0-6 m g: fila-
— Plain and adj. e cE Miss. to
and Mo.—Sum.-fal
3. E. minor (Michx.) Greene. Plant 2
leaf-blades narrowly linear or
y tha mm. wide:
involucre cylindric to turbinate-cylindric, the
inner bracts 4.5-5.5 mm. long.—Moist sandy soil and low- -pinelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Va.—Sum.—fall, or all year
32. OLIGONEURON Small. Perennial herbs, pubescent at least in the
inflorescence. Leaves alternate: blades entire or nearly so. Heads in a ter-
minal corymb. Involucre campanulate, met flowered: bracts broad, rounded
at the apex, the inner ids longer than the outer. Ray-flowers few: corollas
CARDUACEAE 1361
with a very long tube and a yellow ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform
throat and a shorter mis i. lanceolate. Filaments nearly as long as the
anthers or longer. Stigmas elliptic or ovate-elliptic. Achene stout, glabrous
ribbed. Pappus of many apie bristles.—About 6 species, North American.—
Sum.-fall
Involucre over 5 mm. thick: achene about 3 mm. long. O. grandiflorus.
Involucre less than 5 mm. thick: achene about 2 aa long. . O. Jacksonii.
1. O.grandiflorus (Raf.) Small. Stem 4-15 dm. tall, rough-pubescent: leaf-blades
thick, those of the upper stem-leaves’ rp to ovate, 2-13 em. long, closely
pubescent, pd toothed or essentially
bra of the involucre dp,
T outer e: disk-corollas 5.5—6.5
ioe. achene ils -ribbed. [Solidago rigida
authors not L.].—Dry sandy soil and gravelly
ba EM various provinces N of Coastal Plain,
Ga. to "Tex., Man., and Md., and E nA
Mass. Nat. of W N. A. —F all.
O. Jacksonii (Kuntze) Small. Stem 3-
tall, glabrous or nearly so below:
ose 0 e
ry
banks and stony soil, Appalachian. Plateau and adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala.
. and Ohio |
33. BRACHYCHAETA T..& G. Perennial herbs, resembling species of
Solidago. Leaves alternate: blades broad, toothed. Heads numerous, thyrsoid.
Involuere narrow, few-flowered: braets va-
rious, the outer ones broad, fee inner longer '
and seguir narrower. Ray-flowers few:
corollas with a very slender tube an
mall yellow ligule, Disk-corollas with a
ae throat and a tube nearly as
long as the throat: lobes triangular-lanceo-
£o
late. che
like bristles shorter than the achene.—One
species.
l. B. sphacelata (Raf.) Britton.
6-15 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades orbicular- aie P e on uni s part
of ii stem, ovate to oval or elliptic above: involuc 4 mm. long.
dat — (FALSE GOLDENROD.)—Woods, m pui N of on
Plain, Ga. to Ala., Ind., and S. Va.—Sum.-fall.
34. ASTRANTHIUM Nutt. Annual or perennial, caulescent herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades commonly broadened upward, entire or toothed.
86
1362 CARDUACEAE
Heads solitary or several termi EN pa
branches. Involucre Bari campanulate
hemispheric, Lom od braets in 2 or 3
series, rather broad. Ray-flowers numerous:
corollas with a very short tube and a white,
pink, purple, or violet ligule. Disk-corollas
f
wanting or obsolete—About
Mexico and SC. United States.
<> on
1. A. int p nep. (Michx.) Nutt.
0.5—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades arua to d 1-4 us pud pde braets of the
involucre E -lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long, or 4 mm. long at maturity: ligules
of the ray pale-purple or pale- -violet, 6—14 mm. long. m Bor uri folia Michx, E:
— (DAI —Low gro d arious provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to
Ark "s Ky. —Spr.-su
35. APHANOSTEPHUS DC. Annual or bienni al, or probably peren-
nial M ringly branched, aster-like herbs. Leaves alternate: blades narrow,
of them ur or pinnatifid. Heads
iin) head branches. Involuere hemi-
spheric, y-flowered: bracts in few series,
rather narrow. picis several: corol-
las with a very short tube and a narrow
white, violet, Or purple li gu a Disk-corollas
e
longer than the filaments. Stigmas obtuse.
Achene ribbed. Pappus an entire, toothed,
or ciliate erown.—About 5 species, North
merican
. A. skirrobasis (DC.) Trelease. dips
1—4 dm. tall, einerous-pubescent: leaf-bla
spatulate to 'elliptie or linear, 1.5—6 cm. qud alid toothed or ineised below:
arger bracts of the involu uere m m . long, acuminate au TE-DAISY.)— Dry
at various provinces, Tex. o Kans.; also Fi la.—Spr.-s
36. BOLTONIA L'?Her. Perennial tall, aster-like herbs. Leaves alter-
nate: blades entire, sessile or deeurrent. Heads many, hei Risus In-
voluere broadly eampanulate to hemispherie, many-flowered: s narrow or
sometimes partly dilated. Ray-flowers often numerous: aia: an a short
tube and narrow ligules. Disk-corollas with a narrowly funnelform throat and
o be: lobes triangular. Antħers as long as the filaments or longer.
Achene flattened, broadest above the middle, the margins sometimes winged.
appus a series of short scales usually aecompanied by 2—4 bristles —About 5
species, North American.
CARDUACEAE 1363
m about 4—5 mm. broad at maturity: corolla-tube very short. 1. B. diffusa.
isk 7—12 um prose at maturity: corolla-tube nearly as long
as the thro 2. B. asteroides.
B. diffusa Ell. Plant pn m. tall: blades of the upper leaves linear to linear-
subulate , 4.9-8 em. long: outer D "e the involucre subulate, about 1.5 mm.
long, the inner linear, ds ut twic ong:
pur 5-7 m ong, white disk ac rene
about mm. wide: corolla 1-1 m. long,
the throat 2—3 times longer than the tub
(DoLL’s-DAIsy.) — Low
grounds, Coastal ] Plain and adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Ill, and S. C.—(Mez.)—Fall.
. B. asteroides (L.) L'Her. Plant 1-2 m.
tall: blades pa the upper leaves oblong to
Sd 3-12 long: outer braets of the
voluere ne lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long, the
inner a ped bap is ligules linear, pos Or
ong: disk 7—
ale
corolla about E mm. long, the TER Kad
as long as the tube: achene about 2 mm. long.—Stream-banks, and sandy or
gravelly shores, various provinces, Fla. to La., Minn., and Co nn.—Sum.-f ll.
37. SERICOCARPUS Nees. Perennial low, aster-like herbs. Leaves
alternate: blades entire or toothed. Heads in eorymbs. Involucre campanu-
late to cylindric, several-flowered: bracts broad, or the inner ones sometimes
rather narrow. Ray-flowers several: corollas with a long tube and a narrow,
white or pink ligule. Disk-corollas with a narrowly funnelform throat and a
long tube: lobes lane es Anthers slightly longer than the filaments or
shorter: appendages lanceolate. Achene flattened, 1-nerved. Pappus o
numerous seabrous ROM dod speeies as follows.—W HITE-TOPPED ASTERS.
RAGGED-ASTERS.
Leaf-blades entir
Foliage glabr aie or nearly so. 1. S. linifolius.
Fo poo o pr pubescent.
Bra of the involucre obtuse, firm : peduncles rigid,
"Stout. 2. S. bifoliatus.
acts of the involucre acute, lax: peduncles weak,
lender. 3. S. acutisquamosus.
Leaf-blades toothed. . S. asteroides.
l. S. Munere (L.) B.S.P. idR diede or nearly so, 2-7 dm. tall: blades
of the upper leaves linear, 2-6 e ong: d ere 4—6 mm AM inner bracts
alae bios at the green "tips: disk- corolla
ong: ligu ules 5— mm. Ma depre
wh whitish, [S. solidagin Nees.] — Acid,
sandy thickets and dry oe) various pro-
vinees, Ga. to La., Ohio, and Me.—Sum.—fall.
2. S. bifoliatus (Walt.) Porter. Stem 3-7
dm. tall: blades = the upper ake spatu-
te to ME. ate, 1-3 ce voluere
out 6 mm. hi igh; inner bracts iu -ellip-
um disk- Mes. over 6.5 mm. long:
Nees.]
rarely adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and Va.—
Sum.—fall or all year southward.
1364 CARDUACEAE
3. S. acutisquamosus (Nash) Small. ped UE S. bifoliatus in habit: blades
of the upper leaves elliptie- E 1-3.5 : involucre longer than that
of S. bifoliatus; inner bracts linear: Jisk- stp less than 6.5 mm. lon
anthers shorter than the E n —Pinelands, Fla.—Sum
. S. asteroides (L.) B.S.P. Stem pubescent, 3- i pis tall: blades of the
upper leaves ovate, elliptie-ovate, or lanceolate, 1.5 ong: involucre 6-9
g; inner TO i
mm. ] ; bracts broadl LE rough dor) e disk-corollas 5-6
m. an Pd whitish, 6-8 m ppus brownish. [S. conyzoides
Nees. |— r sandy, us ually ary, woods and thickets, various ae,
Fla. to m "Ohio and Me.—Sum
38. ASTER [Tourn.] L.I Perennial herbs, various in habit, or rar a
nua l, occasionally shrubby or spinescent. Leaves e blades broad o
0 ]
often horizontal and bearing for several years a subterminal tuft o
Lower, middle and upper cauline leaves often gradually transitional to each
other in form, often of dissimilar types. Heads with bo
th tubular and radiate
flowers, either corymbed
d ul
, racemed, or panicled and borne on erect, spreading
or secund ultimate branchlets. Involuere hemispheric, campanulate, cylindric,
shorter than the inner
at or toward the a eceptacle flat or convex, alveolate and often ay
fimbrillate. Ray i pistillate, with white, pink, purple, blue, or violet
ligules. Disk-flowers aie consisting of a tubular base (the tube), swollen
above into a throat and 5 short lobes: disks -o ddl usually e
to red, brown, or purple. pl nes attened ipi Or
Pappus-bristles usually numerous, un in one series or rarely in two
series, the tips of the inner ones sometimes thickened.—A bout 250 species, mostly
North American.—ASTERS.
columnar o
upper cauline jns Tor perioled or an sessile or o GaS pine
Blades of the leaves petiole sessile, not clas
igules of the ray white or occasionally ro i
tho f the anes foliage (except in A.
mirabilis) glandular.
Radical leaves with blades smaller than those of
the eauline: foliage not glandular. III. HETEROPHXLLI.
po of the upper cauline leaves sessile and cordate
asping.
No leaves | at once with cordate and definitely petioled
l
Blades, at least of the lower leaves abruptly narrowed
or constricted below the middle, the Bg ee
II. MACROPHYLLI.
IV. DIVERSIFOLII
Plant herbaceous, neither woody nor vi V. PUNICEI.
lant a woody, QI or climbing vi VI. CAROLINIANI.
Blades a the leaves not abruptly nar
stricted below the middle, either clasping, sessile
or urs -petiole
Blades of the cauline Ee with cordate or auricu-
late-clasping bas
Chief pr Bes rigid, closely appressed
unless at ey EU
Stem ER bro below the inflorescence
ie usse cut in No. 40): leaves
sleek or subsucculent. VII. LAEVES.
"hes treatment of the late Edward Sandford Burgess, revised in
part for vm hii work by Edward Johnston Alexander
CARDUACEAE
Stem and leaves pubescent with ond oo
eer involucral bracts thin, loosely appressed
nd at least the upper half spreading,
Blades DE the cauline leaves ee narrowed or
nded at the base, bu lasping.
Dene es not fleshy or a
poc and lower cauline leaves nop grass-like.
in o
Leaf-blades silky or canescent 'on both
sides, short, entire or nearly so.
Leaf-blades glabrous or pubescent, but
not silky or canescent.
Blades of the basal narnia nar-
rowed to winged petio
Ane of the leaf- blades petioled.
n
not arranged uni-
Jaterally on s Me
ue oo a acute
in
Plants relatively tall,
spreading ee ae nif-
erous rootsto
Plants s relatively d Io: not
bracts with obtus-
ish or merely acute
tips.
Involucral bracts very ob-
tuse, au -pointed.
Inflorescence uch branched,
but the Beads in unilaterally
race mo arran
EE in term MU. " ümbelliké
Leaf- blades Ds My entire, linear-lance-
olate
Leaf- blades coarsely toothed, broadly
ae n to broadly elliptic e, acu-
na
Basal and lower cauline leaves grass-like.
Leaf-bla Re entire or sparingly hack-ser-
rate ove.
Leaf-blades with eral spinuliform
eeth, cig aya Ne nnt E base.
Leaves o or succulent.
Stem solitary, NA its base not woody :
nt unarmed.
Plant perennial: heads mostly over 12
vide.
Plant . 2uno ds heads less than 10 mm.
Stems rush-li ke, several from a woody base:
plant spine-armed.
. DIVARICATI
Dominant leaves with long-acuminate blades, the teeth
very sharp: inflorescence broadly corymbose
Blades of the dominant leaves incurved- acuminate, the
teeth very salient, curving bud
im sd of the dominant leaves me ate- lanceolate,
those of the upper axile leaves short or not
exeun prolonged.
Blades of the omnt Jeaves more elliptic, larger,
E. er, those of the upper axiles or some of them
reatly prolonge
Blades "of the domine leaves straight- acuminate, the
teeth straight-backed.
Dominant leaves not c c nae
Inflorescence-clusters convex.
Sinus (of cordated ee deep, enlarged: leaf-
blades aa lanceolate, curvescent- serrate: disk
often crims
N
VIII.
"A
pad
XIII.
EN
v xs
1365
PATENTES.
. SQUARROSI.
. SERICEI.
. SPECTABILES.
. PANICULATI.
RAMOSISSIMI.
. DUMOSI.
. MULTIFLORI.
7I. DIFFUSI.
. PTARMICOIDES.
. ACUMINATI.
. PALUDOSI.
. ERYNGIIFOLII.
. TENUIFOLII.
. SUBULATI.
. SPINOSI.
. divaricatus.
. tenebrosus.
9. A.
stilettiformis.
excavatus.
1366 CARDUACEAE
Sinus usually absent: leaf-blades ovate-lanceolate,
slit-serrate: disk often chestnut color.
Inflorescence narrow, irregular or scant.
Involucral bracts very os bon short, seale-like.
Involucral bracts narrow
Leaf-sinus oe ieee "'eaf-blades chiefly
elli iptic- acum
Leaf-sinus arp. leaf-blades ovate-acute.
II. MACROPHYLLI
Plant not very rough : ce not very thick: glandu-
a ai
r
Blades of the lower ieaves serrate; sinus deep, narrow.
Blades of ui: lower leaves coarse ely dentate ; CU shal-
low
Plant eens rough: leaf-blades very thick: glands
broadly capitate.
Leaf-sinus strongly developed: involucral bracts neither
Squarrose nor slender.
Sinus usually absent: involucral bracts squarrose.
Bracts acute.
Bracts obtuse.
III. HETEROPHYLLI
Leaf-blades entire or chiefly so, thick or firm.
In volucre broadly campanulate : bracts mainly linear,
thin: leaf-blades dull and scabrous above
fnvolucre cylindric-campanulate; bracts mattis linear-
su DUE rigid: leaf-blades lustrous and smooth
abov
Leaf-blades serrate or otherwise toothed, at least the lower
ones.
id not Songa; or not rough on both sides,
ranou
a ces Bracks PORC M or obtusish (acute in
a variety of No. 17).
eae with o firm blades and the chief
D winged; inflorescence loosely narrow-
pa
Leaves with thin blades rough above and the
chief Deol not winged: inflorescence broad
pan
Involucral carver linear-acute ius pans late,
Le T e downy-pubesce r glabro
6—15 dm. high: blades of the Chief leaves
nA lan ceolate, thin, the sinus open : heads
mpound-raceme
Plant about 3 dm. hig : blades of the chief
eaves falcate- lanceolate, the sinus obso-
lescent: 1 thyrsoi
af-blades canescent or hispid above, velvety-
ispidulous Bion
hi
Leaf-blades rough on both sides, of a spongy crumbling
Blades of the chief leaves elliptic-lanceolate,
shallow-serrate.
Blades of the chief leaves grass-like.
IV. DIVERSIFOLI
Hom leaf-forms present, no one type YT
dominant,
E p delicate, pubescent beneath, rough when dry:
inflorescence broad, pois gently compound.
m with little hair: inflores-
Some dominant leaf-fo d Dres nt.
Blades mus the dominant orm broad, not greatly
ongate.
Blades of the dominant leaves tomentulose beneath,
ovate-elliptic, thick and rough, diminutive
Blades of the dominant leaves sparse pubescent
ben
Blades of the dominant leaves elongate.
Blades of the dominant leaves triangular-attenuate.
Slender plant: leaf-blades chiefly petioled and
clasping.
wn
11.
13.
19.
20.
22.
ba.
M
Á.
A.
. Å.
A.
. A.
A.
A.
. castaneus.
. chlorolepis.
. Boykinii.
flexilis.
. multiformis.
. riciniatus.
macrophyllus.
commiztus.
mirabilis.
. Shortii.
Camptosorus.
. Lowrieanus.
cordifolius.
sagittifolius.
plumarius.
trigonicus.
azureus.
poaceus.
undulatus.
Proteus.
. asperifolius.
. sylvestris.
truellius.
CARDUACEAE 1367
Robust plant, when fully developed: leaf-blades
chiefly sessile.
eri bases broad: leaf-axils Lu foliose. 28. A. corrigiatus.
Leaf-bases narrow : leaves very rough. 29. A. triangularis.
Blades of. m dominant leaves not cdanb api
Blades of the dominant leaves ovate-elliptic to
lanea area ate.
Leaf-blades firm, crisp: stem bearing stalked
E | inflorescence aes narrow,
vate in outlin 30. A. claviger.
Lent: WEM thinnish : Dlani without glands:
inflorescence somewhat thyrsoid. 31. A. gracilescens.
Blades of e dominant leaves linear-elliptic
ht sides.
Leaf-blades soft, thinnish, many with long
stra 2D Feed petioles: inflorescence usually
race 32. A. linguiformis.
Leaf-blades very rough, thick, usually ses-
sile: me decompou nd.
Plant not Penau ular: leaves preme -shaped
or thong-li 33. A. loriformis.
ud somewhat glandular: leaves grass-
lik 34. A. Mohrii.
V. PUNICEI
Leaf-blades entire. 35. A. puniceus.
Leaf-blades sharpiy serrate (except the basal and lower
cauline of No. 36).
RRO Ree irregularly, congested or corymbed : pubes-
ofte
UD dunes little Cn sping: bracts of the AREE
with linear-elliptic or emn sabalatë ti 36. A. Elliottii.
Upper leaves sheathing the axils: bracts of the in- s
voluere with deltoid tips. 37. A. conduplicatus.
mo bro adiy panicled, diffuse, leafy: heads
at mote.
Leaves contracted into a broad petiolar portion : hair .
present in lines on the upper stem. 38. A. prenanthoides.
Leaves n nearly straight sides, little constricted
Tubercular- based hair seattered A the stem. 35. A. puniceus.
No tubercular-based hair on the = 68. A. novi-belgii.
VI. CAROLINIANI
A woody vine with trailing or climbing stems and branches, l
flowering the year round. 39. A. carolinianus.
VII. LAEVES
Involucre campanulate,
Leaves glabrous except the edges.
Inv olueral ds ecu. linear with broad rhomboid
ips.
Cauline leaf- blades elliptic, ep or ovate:
inflorescence tending to the racem e panicle, 40. A. laevis.
Cauline leaf-blades linear to cloncatlanceoln de
inflo Oresconce tending to the corymbose panicle, 41. A. concinnus.
Involueral rece linear, their green tips narrowly
Cauline leaves linear or narrowly a RAM 42. A. purpuratus.
Cauline leaves very narrowly linear: heads
mall. 43. A. attenuatus.
Leaves glabrous above, often with minute hair beneath.
Leaf-blades entire, short, elliptic, remote. 44. A. ursinus.
eaf-blades often coarsely toothed, prolonged, linear
In 45. A. falcidens.
Involucre turbinate: leaf-blades scarcely clasping. 46. A. turbinellus.
VIII. PATENTES
Stem low: leaves rough: inflorescence bro
Tüvolucre turbinate-campanulate or turbin
Heads 3—4 cm. broad, few and sca ttered : ueoiical
bracts pubescent, thi
Leaf-blades thinnish: heads 6-8 m high. 4T. A. continuus.
Leaf-blades very "s ck : heads 10-12 à mm. high. 48. A. georgianus.
Heads about 2 em. oad, numerous, crowded : in-
volueral bracts merely ciliate, thin 49. A. fontinalis.
1368 CARDUACEAE
Involucre campanulate ;
Braets linear- elliptic : branches divaricate.
Bracts narrow-linear or linear: branches diffuse.
ied e leaves soft pubescent beneath: inflorescence
IX. SQUARROSI
Heads less than 2.5 cm. broad.
Stem d set with small scale-like leaves: involucral
racts but slightly spreading.
Doro erect and adnate to the stem and its
aves more or less reflexed, not adnate to the stem.
Cauline leaves not markedly, ‘if at all he a not
closely oo ae ert bracts very squ
Heads over 2.5 €
m widely branched : stem leaves reflexed, not
e, very
tone co pact: stem-leaves not reflexed, elon-
e
Leaves soft-pubescent: y clasping: plant little
2n below the IBHorG ence
Leaves not soft-pubescent : but slightly clasping:
p ant much branched.
nee rigid: wc lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate,
Stem weak: leaves Cyne like, narrowly linear.
X. SERICEI
Heads corymbose-paniculate: outer bracts of the involucre
noe ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate: achene glabrous.
Heads virgately racemed: bracts linear-elliptic to linear-
eaves an elliptic or narrowly elliptic
ades
Cauline leaves with linear-elliptic to linear-lanceo-
late blades.
Involucral bracts loosely spreading or recurved.
XI. SPECTABILES
Upper cauline leaves with broad, chiefly ovate, blades.
UDDEL T leaves with narrow, narrowly elliptic, vary-
ng oblanceolate, lanceola te, or linear blades.
Involucre he hemispheric, campanulate, or turbinate-hemi-
Tips of the involucral bracts foliaceou
Tips a the involucral bracts neris = preaaine or
arrose.
Practis of the involucre glandular.
Involucral bracts pe HAUS or obtuse: cau-
line leaves numerous,
m “bracts. ta tao dine to acutish tips:
caulin
Bracts of the ee ‘glabrous or merely ciliate.
Involueral bracts mucronate.
Involucral bracts acute.
p mA igid: leaves narrowly elliptic-lance-
stem pe leaves narrowly linear.
Involucre nai ols turbinate.
XII. PANICULATI
Heads over 16 mm. broad.
Ligules of the ray woe eae um pink or purplish.
Leaves glabrous or
Leaves and stem pubescent.
Ligules of the ray "ith, eni or viole
ip
inflorescence crow
Rameal i Uu narrowly linear to subulate
blades: inflorescence widely branched, the
heads usually solitar
Bracts of the eae obtuse.
Bracts of the involucre acute.
50.
51,
. A. phlogifolius.
58.
99.
60.
Q
4.
A. patens.
A. tenuicaulis.
A. adnatus.
3.
. A. Walteri.
. A. oblongifolius.
. A. grandiflorus.
. A. novae-angliae.
A. novi- oe
A. elodes
A. sericeus,
. A. concolor.
. A. simulatus.
. A. plumosus.
A. Curtisii.
. A. Smallii.
. A. spectabilis.
. A. surculosus.
. A. novi-belgii.
. A. elodes
A. gr acilis.
. Å. Lamarckianus.
. A. missouriensis.
. A. salicifolius.
. A. turbinellus.
. A. Simmondsii.
CARDUACEAE
Heads less than 16 mm. broad.
Ligules of the ray ene often fading pink or ee
Cauline leaves with oval or elliptic blades
Cauline leaves with narrow blades
Heads abundant, closely panicled:
Heads remotely panicled or sparse.
Ligules of this ray lavender or violet.
XIII. RAMOSISSIMI
Ligules of uu ray pur sometimes becoming purplish.
Heads numero 8-15 mm. broa
Upper cauline leaves with linear-subulate blades:
r us
S wi ear to BOY ellip-
more or Is s ae
m div aricate, rigid, D OOREEN: rameals sub-
Branches often upturned or subcorymbose: rameals
flat, linear.
Ligules of the ray violet, purple or reddish (rarely white).
XIV. Dv
up deos leaves merely firm: most peduncles oec over 3 em.
Hed leaves rigid, very conspicuous but minute: pe-
duncles often 10 cm. or more long.
Mir im leaves spreading or somewhat recurved: blades
obtuse.
ee leaves erect and usually appressed; blades
acute.
MULTIFLORI
XV.
A much branched low-growing plant, with very numerous.
white-liguled heads of flowers.
XVI. Dir
Cauline leaves with linear to linear-laneeolate, pM min-
utely hack-toothed blades
Tuvolucral bracts very Short not exceeding the achenes.
Involucral En exceeding the achenes
Plant sparsely branched, and with Te ew heads.
Plant profusely branched : heads very numerous.
Cauline leaves with elliptic E lanceolate, more or
entate or serrulate bl
Stem and branches sparingly pubescent or glabrate.
Stem and branches villous, as also the midrib of the
leaf-blades beneath.
Jess
XVII. PTARMICOIDE
Plant with narrow, ae leaf-blades and a ie -topped
; corymbose inflorescenc
V ACUMIN
Gregarious plant with thin, deeply toothed UAM ap-
pearing as if whorled, and a somewhat corymbose-pan-
iculate inflorescence.
XIX. PAL
Involucral bracts long-ciliate and pubescent:
branches densely pubescent.
Involucral bracts glabrous, the margins merely scabrose-
a a inflorescence- -branches sparingly pubescent if
at a
Outer involucral bracts linear to narrowly elliptic but
TA acuminate: leaf-blades linear to narrowly el-
Plant from a a woody, corm-like rootstock, not stolon-
iferous
Outer involucral bracts. usually longer n
at least as long as the inner Braces pigagare
linear- m ‘only, e innermost abruptly
acute: bracts
Outer involucr al. Da a shorter than
the in n all bracts fev. the outermost ab-
acts
rupt
Plant from a E COIQ nite sous S, r woody rootstock.
Outer involucral bracts Hasronls linear-acuminate :
leaf-Dlades nearly filiform from a triangular
LUDOSI
inflorescence- l
80.
81.
94. A.
euo
psp m
=
. Az
. A.
1369.
spatelliformis.
descanti.
agrostifolius.
pinifolius.
ramosissimus.
pilosus.
juniperinus.
Fazoni.
Priceae.
dumosus.
. coridifolius.
. gracilipes.
. ericoides.
brachypholis.
racemosus.
vimineus.
. lateriflorus.
. hirsuticaulis.
. ptarmicoides.
acuminatus.
paludosus.
pedionomus.
Cee
misphericus.
verutifolius.
1370 CARDUACEAE
XX. ERYNGIIFOLII
Heads sessile and subremote in the upper axils. 98. A. spinulosus.
Heads terminal, solitary or clustered. 99. A. eryngiifolius.
XXI. TENUIFOLII
Ligules of the ray 5-7 mm. long: heads 4—6 mm. high. 100. A. Bracei.
Ligules of the ray 10—20 mm. long: heads 6-8 mm, high.
Involucral bracts broad: ligules of the ray violet: .
leaves chiefly basal. 101. A. Chapmani.
me bracts linear: ligules of the ray pale-violet "NM
r nearly white: leaves scattered. 102. A. tenuifolius.
X . SUBULATI
Involucre campanulate to broadly bun.
Inner bracts of the involucre 5—6 m . long, acuminate : .
rays fewer than the disk flowers. 103. A. exilis.
Inner bracts of the involucre 3— 5 mm. long, acute or
Short acuminate: rays more numerous than the disk-
flower 04. A. inconspicuus.
Involucre cylindric to narrowly turbinate. 105. A. subulatus.
XIII
A rush-like, much branched plant with scattered, white- :
rayed heads of flo owers, the stem and branches a a 106. A. spinosus.
A. divaricatus L. Stems tufted, 4-6 dm 1, flexuous, brittle, terete,
giabrate: leaf, blades thin, smoothish, pat pK ovate- Hd elosely
arp eeth,
e sa u ME
ately large, broad and deep: leaves of the
infloresence D c
E d ovate-aeute to short-oval, nearly
orymb
green spot: dis ddish b = 2
Rich woodlands and bap a rather dry `
soil, various provinces, Ga. to Ala., Man.,
and N. S.—Fall.
2. A. tenebrosus Burgess. Stem glabrate, striate, wide-branched: leaf-
blades A very thin and smooth, broadly elliptie and a cut with
coarse re acuminate curvescent teeth, then abruptly long-acuminate and
entire; Eon Teaves with a broad rounded sinus and slender petiole; is of the
in nflorescence prolonged, lanee B e onim and sessile: inflorescence broadly
- 2 mbose, oft e prolifero E branched: rays usually 9—12: disk pale-yellow,
ing pu rplish-brown: ou bracts green, acute, elongate-triangular, the
ae linear, obtusish. ae ree places, Blue Ridge and more N prov-
inces, N. C. to Ohio and Mass.—Late —fall.—Resembles A. divaricatus, but
rm in being ieee and thinner in all its parts, and in having a different Teaf-
for
= fe M pile idus Burgess. Stem greenish, slender, weak and often
e
elliptic e long-acuminate, with jode base and short petioles, and
closely set with conspicuous sharp s traight- -backed tooth some lower leaves
broader, ovate-acuminate with mode ie sinus and with double- curved o or couch-
ant teeth; axile leaves divaricate, straight-tapere Es a sessile truncate base,
everywhere closely slit-toothed, suggesting a barbed stiletto: Hii ne
CARDUACEAE 1371
dpa d but with short pedicels: braets lingual, — uniform, green
often 7; li
mostly so: rays en igules sometimes reddening at the tips: disk
turning brownish- ie 1.—Shaded banks, Blue Ridge and more N provinees, S. C.
and Mass.—Fall.—Differs from A. divaricatus, especially in stem,
pe fon and br un
4. A. excavatus Burgess. n A. divaricatus L.: leaf-blades thin,
smooth, all iden alike, eliptic e with the rounded base abruptly
exeava te d into a deep na nus; their margins continuously low-serrate
p
with cu ei teeth; petioles RA short a nd slender, shorter than the leaf-
breadth, replaced by short broad wings at the principal axils; the upper ine
often clas asped by ieee T. linear braeteals: heads forming con
clusters borne on long suberect branches or reduced to a few distant ne.
heads: braets ciliate, oe “backed, pale and thin, ed -oblong and obtuse on
. some dut heads, x w and acutish on the ME elustered heads, the
inner attenuate and w a tips: ligules of d ray white, or so metimes
reddened: disk broad, po dus purplish-erimson.—Mountain or hillside
bes Blue Ridge an nd m e N provinees, Ga. to N. Y.- —Early fall.—Resembles
A. divaricatus, but the narrower, less-attenuate, more uniform leaf-blades differ
in outline. sinus, and teeth.
5. A. castaneus Burgess. Stem glabrate, terete, oa and wandlike, red-
dish-brown or A with about 12 delie ate straight darker striae, and
becoming sinuo the inflorescence: a leaf-blades dull- Lr
stg? very thin of a dense and hard texture, minutely granular-roughened
wh n dry, ovate- d closely s a. often unequally decurrent upon
the short slender pet the t leaves mueh shorter Gui un
eoarsely serrate and ns odes "à inus; rameal leaves laneeola te-attenuate
or often all crescent-like ind decurved, sessile by a short cuneate base: inflores-
cence nearly naked, narrow, composed of several An ved slender unequal
branches bearin ng c close convex clusters all in flower at once and very short-
lived: pedicels long, filiform, upeurved, som WAS bearing small cireular
braeteals or discules: braets narrow, Die -obtuse, pale, with EE green d
rays often 9; ligules linear, snow- -whi te, excessively thin, and soon pendulou
disk soon turnin to rose-brown, sienna, or chestnut-color.—Clayey spots in
i i , als N. Y.
6 chlorolepis Burgess. Stem strong, glabrate, brownish, d below.
angulate-striate Pied leaf-blades large, smooth, very thin, bro h-green,
pale Hun ovate-aeute, very co pci serrate with outflun fect: pos deep
arp; petioles od slender: axile leaves also large, irs Es
ies with long fo rward-directed iot. t r ones sess inflorescence
loose and irregula eads large, long-peduneled, inclined to idely Bm
dep ligules of the ray nearly twice the length of the involuer ets quite
uniform, thic road, short and scale-like, with very little ciliation air
b or hair
chiefiy golde en brown with a short dark-green rounded tip: disk turning crimson.
— Mt. woods, Blue Ridge and more N provinces, N. C. to W. Va. and N. Y.—
Fall.—Rese mbles 4. tenebrosus in the large d leaves, teeth, and bracts;
differs especially in having the sinus sharp and the bracts Tounded, and in the
absence and greatly prolonged entire bracteals.
7. A. Boykinii Burgess. Stem slender, greenish and glabrate, much flexed ;
leaf-blades ovate to elliptic- -acuminate, with broad enlarged sinus, set with
strong and somewhat outflung be petioles eus inflorescence lax and
irregular, of short branches given off wide angle, often continued in
give
clusters among t the lower axils; the eG als often conspicuous with ovate
O
1372 CARDUACEAE
or subcircular sessile bracteals: e turning reddish brown: ligules of the
shorter than in its ally, 4. divaricatus L., from which it differs eed: in
its more straggling habit, narrow oo inflorescence, and less-coarsely
toothed less prolonged leaves.—Mt. sl opes; Blue Ridge, Ga.—Sum.
8. A. flexilis Burgess. Stem low, slender, smooth, and virgate: leaf-blades
small, short, thin, dull, dark-green, ovate-acute with the broad pud rounded
base bisected by a deep sharp sinus; Auer M Qu serrate with low obseure
th; petioles short: infl sc , tuft-like of a few a -peduncled
heads: bracts narrowly linear, obtuse, poe uni n plant a Ner
of hair o l2 n ; otherwise much a s A. divaricatus L.—Mt.
idge, iffers fro Boykinii (with which it grow “especially
in its mr Shorter dull leaf. i d the sharp sinus, erenate margins, and
the obtuse brac
c
9. A. multiformis Burgess. Stem 3-6 dm. high, minutely glandular, ereet,
slender, terete, or angular-striate in poles be iea a usually 2, their
blades large, cordate-oblong; cauline leav ral forms, their blades
uid hd rough idle minutely puberutent beneath, por of the lower
ones nate, sually with a row those of the upper oval
to e: vule DERIT the SOUCIS, SIRO -lánceolate, Merry sessile
r 0: cor a e 3 40 mm.
broad: ray-flowers about 13: ligules rounded and retuse af the apex: braets
green: inflorescence-glands E Peu “hidden n by the min e ct pubes-
cence of the peduncles.—Moist, shaded places, various provi of Coastal
Plain, N. C. to Pa. and Me. bun —fall.—Resembles A. macr rons but its
leaves thinner, narrower, mo e polymorphous, MUN narrower si ls 1uch
less harsh; glan nds fewer, sm alt r, pale, less conti AES inflo-
rescence more level- -topped, obconie when past: rays nde Eon ns i Ros
A. riciniatus Burgess. Stem smooth, red, terete, often 3 dm. iude o.
leaves usually two, unequal; blades deltoid- cordate or ovate-cordate, h long
low eurvescent or erenate teeth; basal le af smaller, the blade orbieula. ovate,
e leaves ovate broad o sinus;
the others lanceolate or elliptic, with MAT taper red bas yer dentate
below, becoming sharp-serrulate above; petioles dou. or peri narrow strap-
like wings: inflorescence a all loose terminal p with slender ascending
pedicels: bracts uniform, lingual: ligules of the ray d p and then
transiently violet, soon turning whitish, in cami —Moist mountain
woods, Blu e Ridge, N. C.—Late sum.—Plant very E and plos much
DL ish- ved occurs on stem and veins and especially along the bracts; glandu-
lar-pubescence very short, with small capitate glands, continuing down the
stem to the base; strigose MA AQUA e by lens on the upper leaves.
Resembles A. multiformis, but t e plant smoother and paler, with more
red and less vio iolet; leaves biens 2 and often dentate; braets narrower
and more uniform; its colors neither sharp nor dull, but as if seen through a veil.
A. macrophyllus L. Stem 6-9 s high, reddened, angular: radieal leaves
developed in large eae usually 3 to each rootstock, larger and coarser than
the pence shaped lower cauline jc (which are developed a subsequent
year r from the same Eo uo blades broad, cordate with a large ir cies
sinus, uh above, harsh, thick, the teet road, curved, somewhat cren
upper stem-leaves with oblong blades il short br n winged petioles, ue
ndu
of the uppermost sessile, aeute: inflorescence strigose and gla ja bro adly
corymbose, irregular: heads 15-30 mm. br iM idle iu VIE tiekish:
ray-flowers about 12- 16; ligules 10-14 mm. long, chiefly 1 vender r, sometimes
violet, or rarely pale: bracts ae green-tipped, the acu e, the
inner elliptic, obtuse: disk turning reddish- A r. sterile
CARDUACEAE 1373
soil, in shaded plaees, various provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C. to Minn.
and N. S.—Sum. | i
12. A. commixtus (Nees) Kuntze. Stem 5-6 dm, hi igh, rather robust, glandu-
lar-pubeseent over the upper half and — oe = af-bla pd: ; rough, = ck,
dull-green, paler Den ovate-acute in ty lov te or with curvescent
teeth, and with slender petioles; only the ba E leaves, E any, slightly bius
upper leaves diminished, finally laneeolate and sessile; bracteals ir small and
few: inflorescence loos ly eorymbose, with ae ascending rne S: bracts nar-
row and acute or subulate, ciliate - minutely pube T the snes squarrosely
recurved: ligules of the ray pale-violet becoming white : di sk becoming copper-
PU ry woods, Appalachian odi , Ga. and Ala.—Late sum.—fall.—
From its congeners A. mirabilis and the northern A. Ife erveyi, this is distin-
guished by the long aeumination of its squarrose braets; and from A. mirabilis
by its eapitate glands.
13. A. mirabilis T. & G. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, sparingly branched above, mani-
festly pubescent, the branches and especi ally the branchlets closely and finely
ubescent: lea aves various, s basal and lower cauline little known, the upper
mote; cm. eee or
upper surface fewer, cope often spinescent: head solitary o
S: j u t
: 10 mm. hi bra
a E t without and ciliate, the recurved herbaceous a obtuse
n bo 20; s viole
nt all.—Resem -
formis Burgess, but the bracts squarrose and leaves idu d corda-
tion seems wanting but will probably yet be found on some basal leav
14. A. Shortii Hook. Stem 6-12 dm. high, roughish or smooth, slender, panic-
ulately branched above: leaf. ea thick, glabrous or nearly so above, finely
and sparingly pubescent ise h; those of the basal and lower cauline leaves
o j at the
ovate nded or eve
wholly entire, 5-15 cm. ut dull and seabrous above, borne on slender naked
ioles; those of the upper cauline e laneeola ate, entire, sessile or with
short d = bou po Dore te, those of the branches small and scale-like:
heads 5—30 br dl nulate: b
invo
mainly "uns acu e, Puce iut their green tips appressed: ray-flowers 10—
15; ligules linear, penus , 10-12 mm. long: pappus tawny.—Banks and edges
o "woods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., Ill., and
Pa.— Fall.
15. A. Camptosorus Small. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, simple and glabrous below the
inflorescence, slightly flexuous: leaf-blades lanceolate, attenu ate, 6-16 cm. lon
resembling those of Camptosorus rhizophyllus, entire, undulate and sometimes
ri , dar
o
zt
: les d
purple, about E p ong. T ud Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga.
o Ala. i
1374 CARDUACEAE
16. A. Lowrieanus Porter. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so through-
out, branched: leaf-blades thickish, firm, a little succulent, those of the basal
leaves slender-petioled, ovate to udi ee cor ate, acute or obtusish,
serrate, 5-15 cm. long, those of the cauline leaves ovate to elliptic, often
cordate, dads uis “winged petioles, the uppermost lanceolate: heads
usually n ery num , 15-25 mm. broad, loosely panicled: involucre turbi-
nate; Ba obtuse or bu appressed: ray-flowers 12- 20; pip: i Bou
8 — 108 but variable in len ngth qu various provin
Plain, Ala. to Ky., Ia., Conn., and N. C.—Fall.—Resembles A. pru Ee
leaf ades smooth and Rr more wing COT and inflorescence less
pubesce
A. cordifolius L. Stem 3-15 dm. high, glabrous or nearly so, much-
aaa and bushy: leaf-blades thin, rough mainly above, pubescent, sharply
ate ate, 5-12 cm. lo
oe or sessile , ovate or lanceolate: heads very numerous, small, 12-18 mm.
broad, handsome: ' involucre turbinate to cylindrie; braets yes dias linear, obtuse
or obtusish a tipped, appressed: Siei ers 10—20; ligules 6-8 mm. long,
blue or metimes pale, rarely whit cant te whitish Rich woods and
thickets, various E didis) rarely Coasta " Plain, Ga. to Miss., Minn., d
—A. cordifolius albearius, ranging from N. C. and
Tenn. m Mass., pe "the thin leaf-blades usually smoothish, cordate bna
lanceolate or broader: inflorescence dense, thyrsoid, not le afy n for em-
bing that of the lilac: bracts linear, acute: heads medium- E Uguale prn)
18. A. sagittifolius Willd. Stem rather slender, 6-15 dm. high, strict, gla-
brous, or sparingly pubescent above, the inflorescence tall and panieulate with
-ascending branches: leaf-blades thin, glabrous above or but slightly roughened,
pn npn Mp those of the basal and lower leaves ovate- pic
to lan ao ordate or rarely sagittate base, 2 serrate, acuminate,
7—15 em. Tops ith slender naked or narrowly margined petio oles; blades of
the upper a leaves lanceolate, sessile, or on o and usually margined
petioles, Serato or entire, those of x bra apis Rl uch smaller, linear-
Hae late: heads 16—20 mm. broad, o nds bp dk involucre
urbi nae ; bracts linear- subulate, gl Nie r tips green and
rr spreading: ray-flowers 10—15; ligules se Or ett 6-8 mm.
long: pappus whitish Diy soil, various A N of Coastal Plain, Ala.
to Miss., Kans., N. D., N. B., and N. 6— B sum.—fall. EO DIE A. cordi-
but its braets n narrower, s subulate-acuminate, and its inflorescence
, e :
sa ;
ss., Okla., and N. iffers from the typical form in its broader looser
pyramidal inflorescence, its somewhat lar rger and longer-peduncled heads, and
less serrate leaf-blades none of which may be cordate.
19. A. plumarius Burgess. is about 3 dm. high, chiefly composed of the
dense plume-like violet inflorescence: stem smooth, zigzag: leaf-blades very
smooth and firm, thickish, chiefly a m E and slit-serrate, incline
to be strongly faleate at r m unequal at the slightly cordate broadish
d tiol
base, measuring 7 x em. or less; veins strongly incurved; petioles narrow-
margined; lower axile lea ns conspieuous, but rapidly diminished, soon becom-
ing narrowly f alcate-lanceolate and entire, sessile by a taper subcuneate base:
inflorescence othe aked, ovate ices in outline: bracts narrow, acute,
their distinct enlarged green 2 chie d ies ulate. EN tops, chiefly on
balds at 4,800-5,000 ft., Blue Ridge, N. C.—Fall.—Resembles a dwarf A. sagit-
tifolius, but differs in leaves geras) and es of D als.
CARDUACEAE 1375
A. trigonicus Burgess. Plant profusely branched, with rigid glabrate
brownish stems and long flagellate ascending branches, which are closely short-
ae or are spiciform and beset with small remotish subsessile heads: stem
8 dm. high or less: leaf-blades nd and heavy, somewhat canescent or hispid
above, velvety-hispidulous below; leaf- ys elongate triangular; the truneate
base pu buen at the corners, and sometimes a little pA leaf-
blades . or more, aeute or obtusish, the sides straight, serrate or cren ate;
petiole re domne a narrow cun wing: rameals sum, pel numerous,
overlapping and appressed, linear- elliptic, heads small, hardly 2 em. broad:
bracts linear-acute, the green tip roue .—Plains and prairies, various
provinces, Ala. to Tex. and Kans.—Fall.
21. A. azureus Lindl. Stem 3-12 dm. high, slender, stiff, rough, with numer-
ous ascending or patent branches: leaf- blades thick, of a peculiar crusty tex-
h r wer e
y
9—15 em. long, with slender ofte n pubescent petioles 3 ioe of the upper cauline
leaves with short Dod n bases or sessile, dS or linear, entire; those
f bran 20-25 mm.
ed
broad: involuere aun braets glabrous, popa: e abruptly iid
imbrieate, their broad sharp E ‘tips appressed: ray-flowers 10-20; ligul
i e, 6-8 mm. long:
various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, a to ex., Kans., Minn.,
Sum.-fall..—Resembles A. undulatus L.; but leaves hispidulous on both Hoc
flowers smaller; rays darker ome bluer ; ' pubescence scanty.—A. azureus scabrior,
ranging from La. to Mo., Minn., and Ont., has an extremely rough stem with
mor t branches and 'prineipal leaves with elliptic-lanceolate, entire, long-
erec
petioled, noncordate blades
22. A. Ae Burgess. Stem pee and repeatedly much-branched, 8 dm
high or less: leaves very rough and stiff, of grass-like form; chief leaf- blades
linear- rdc or faleate, often 13 cm. long, 0.5 em. in uniform breadth,
usually also with a narrow-margined petiole S s em., eae = be em and .
8x1 or
less: inflorescence irregular, on very long and eu aggling branches, which are
often for 1.5 to 3 dm. clothed with minute subulate sub-appressed bractlets:
heads a ed os l em. broad: bracts of the involucre nu with long
sharp tips.—Plains and prairies, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., "Okla., and
peek all JL Represents the extreme of attenuation among the kindred
of A. azureus
23. A. doce L. Stem stiff, 3-10 dm. high, pe rough-pubescent, divari-
eately branehed above: leaf -blades usually thiek, rough on both iis es when
dry, pubescent beneath, dentate, undulate or entire, aeute or aeuminate, those
f the radieal leaves small, orbieular to ovate, soft- -downy; the ped ae
leaves ovate, with cordate base, 5-12 e ng, ae naked petioles expanding
to a ping base, at least in some leaves; middle el ilar,
lanceolate or elliptic; upper cauline leaves sessile or clasping, chiefly e-
elliptic; branch-leaves subulate, small and re ae reduced: h ee ipid.
di nehes, 16- . broad:
involuere broadly turbinate: braets of the inv ster eens "elliptic, ‘slightly
ubescent, acute or acutish, their es ds tips appressed: ray-flowers 8-15;
ligules ene o [S 10 m ong: pappus dM ee ry soil, various
A Fla. to rk., , and ——A. Baldwinii T. & G., based
n the upper part of "i specimen of one of the undulatus iint cana! definitely
ie placed under any species on account of the peace of lower leaves, so that
the name is best dropped from this ana
1376 CARDUACEAE
24. A. Proteus Burgess. Plant small, racemose, with many eordated leaves, of
ys i ned texture but with little hair: stem sle nder, apt to be glabrate, and
3 dm. high, sometimes 7 dm uid A little branched, but sometimes forkin ng
near the be "uen somewhat re ; blades pe polymorphous, thick
or thin; radicals numerous, rese Bn ng violet lea r less,
cordate- ovate, almost acute, finely subcrenate, often A ae on 153 ‘prolonged
and very slender petioles: cauline leaves tend to assume about 4 types; the
first, or basal, all similar to the radical, but with du idu PR narrowly
eordate-triangular and aeutish, md. serrulate, soon becoming entire; es s
form, triangular-lanceolate, sloping into a distinet D E tiole; third,
rowly linear an j ad taper
acute, sessile by a broad base or with very short broad w ms merous, much-
reduced and disappearing among the middle axils: inflorescence pues nude, a
: isk
species: bracts linear, briefly e clo Edo 20m the green tips con
spieuous, narrow diamond-form or narrow lanc —Dr ry ground, Coasta 1
Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Sum.-fall.
25. A. asperifolius Burgess. Plant small, racemose, minutely tomentulose
throughout, very rough and heavy in te xtures stem often but 3 dm. high:
leaves subcoriaceous; blades hispid, subentire, obtuse, ovate-elliptie and longer
than their short petioles; ener ves m amie adnate, subulate-filiform ; radical
es a ief c i r, naked or nar-
beo
rowly margined; am Tea dilation absent or rare: inflorescence a loose simple
or compound naked receme, or several racemes which may become more short-
peduncled and leafly: heads BU than in A. undulatus: bracts of the in-
voluere fewer, slightly pubescent, appressed, Bou n acute, ips o
rhomboid green tips. [4. asperulus T. & > not Wall]—Dry or sandy s
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. c. — Fal athe most ae Pico and
rounded-leaved of the southern correlatives 71 A. undulatus
26. A. sylvestris Burgess. Stem slender, scabrous, erect, pale-green, usually
4 dm. high, minutely pubescent: leaves resemblin ng A. undulatus, but blades
broader, shorter, thinner, deeper-green, more uniformly a led; predominant
leaf-form broadly short- diee e, acute, with rounded basal lobes, deep or ex-
eavated sinus, broadly erenate or entire margin: petioles narrow, long and num-
erous, dilated E: the base, gom otherwise winged: upper leaves elliptic-acute,
soon sessile; rameals uniform and spreading as in A, undulatus, oval to linear-
elliptic; radicals small, or d short- -petioled ; DIS. and webby hair ues
on the leaves beneath bu tn velve ety: inflorescence irregularly spreading o -
cending, of long racemose AM heads rather few: pedicels distinet, often
m. long: ul
acute at apex, arge and broad rey E Ape E n sounds:
truellius ge iun Plant ‘small, erect, with little hair: stem erect,
2
stron ng but slender, rough: leaves subentir e 5x em., thickish, firm, r ough,
typieally uoc quc lote with sides Fic tapered from the bani
shouldered truneate = cordate base, in form sugge esting a mason ’s trowel:
remarkable for its numerou rt narrow petioles with large Daal dilation,
and above these, its poner petioles with slight basal dilation; radicals cor
date-orbicular : hat velvety; axiles often deflexed, n ovate;
rameals ib ped ligules of the ray short, pu urplish-blue: disks soon reddish-
rown: bract-tips diamond-shaped, broad and br right-green.—Sandy thickets,
various provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Ky., and Vt.—Fal.
28. A. corrigiatus Burgess. Plant tall, robust, rough, with little hair, with
predominantly narrow spearhead-shaped much-ruffied sessile leaves, foliose in the
CARDUACEAE .. 1377
axils, and with long and high inflorescence, small blue-violet heads and lozenge-
tipped braets: stem about 12 dm. high, or more, brown, terete- striate, rough,
with short scattered strigose hair above: leaves tending to o be narrowly lanceo-
late i broad-based, slanting straight both ways from near the base, tending to
e form a
the fo e narrow s ad, abo ; very wly
Ae Uds throu ugh the inflorescence; radicals small, short and broad, somewhat
cordat av lower cauline leaves develop obscure cordation and
; ram not cons ous, linear-aeute m appressed
epis irregularly eiu mose, long rather narrow, dispro-
portionately large for the plant; its branches tend to be spreading and short,
ts peduncles long or at least inue. its heads me ss, its rays
u ker than in typical A , undulatus —Dry hillsides, various provinces, Ala.
A bie N. Y., and Conn.—Fall.—Peculiar in its strong tendency to be-
o igiate, or eross-tied, i5 developing two conspicuous divaricate narrow-
Ps d blades (branch- -form leaves) in the lower or middle axils of the
eauliné leav
29. A. triangularis Burgess. eod cinereous green, tall, robust, very rough,
with little or no obvious hair, like A. corrigiatus; but with leave S ovate-tri-
angular- Ries MEUM. thicker and ene a bur de acumina ation: stem dull
reddish-bro mewhat terete, 9 dm lea ery numerous,
sometimes folio osely corrigiate in ' the em pos not ‘ciliate, oe with slight
short scattered strigose hair, on re upper surface close-set with pale slender
rigid aculei rire away from the midrib and thickened at the base; leaf-
form ovate-triangular, long- acuminate, suddenly gee at the sessile base,
subelasping only: inflor e rather narrow, of loosely-ascending bra nches
with a brushy top, uniformly ER a Or catenate 2 eonspieuous appressed
ODE elliptie vaca like braeteals: heads : ligules of the ray pur-
ple-blue: bracts of the involucre end -elliptie, pa tips apt to be of broad
diamond form [ A. duis triangularis Burgess]—Open s Ead, slopes, vari-
ous provinees, ‘S. C. to Ala. and N, Y.—Fa ll,
30. A. claviger Burgess. Plant wand-like, apt to spring several from a com-
mon base, with glandular pubescence along the middle of the stem, and wit
leaves of a crisp firm texture: stem greenish, moderately and finely pubescent
i iform
2
or ate, smo eye, about igh or more: leaves quite uniform;
blades ovate-elliptie, thiekish sub-entire or crenulate, acute, chiefly with a short
str t its base; the slight pubescence becoming a little
rough in drying and the leaves spongy-coriaceous; a very few basal leaves cor-
date: inflorescence irregular and narrow-elliptic or clavate, sometimes narrowly
pyramidal: heads rather m ligules of the ray violet or purplish-violet:
bracts linear-acute wit medium-sized tips broad-lanceolate to diamond-
ae ; vui. red capitate prd hai E are mingled on the stem with dry
trigose hair and also with broke oe a rigose hairs which become oa
eee ‘thickened ; the de finitely c capitate glands are colored v violet,
only slightly thieker than their stiff stub-like stalks.—Wo " borders, various
provinees N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to N. Y. and Conn.—Fal
3l. A. gracilescens ip a Plant slender and less pubescent, less rough
and more thyrsoid than its congener A. undulatus: stem slender, ae 6 dm.
high and somewhat ar CUM leaves quite nU bla pi la e and e nspicuous,
thin, soft, elongate-lanceolate, chiefly sessile 12x 4e r less, erro soft-
pube scent, not velve ris like A. undulat us, n a little iuh iin "ar ry, subentire,
pale-green with paler midr E ; axiles narrow-ovate, rameals elliptie-linear or
prea
ve agi with a :
ovoid o soid, with dis TER piste s 3 em. long or less: heads larger and
meme re in its relative A, undulatus: bracts of die involucre linear- ‘elliptic,
87
1378 CARDUACEAE
suddenly acute, the tips a. S short, incurved-triangular-aculeate.
—On “balds,” i n ux de, dos of rich woods, Blue Pu d feudi
N Provinces, g. c. N. Y. Quit e common and rather showy.—
Fall.
A. linguiformis Burgess. Small racemose plants with little ere or cor-
on y soft thin texture, tending to great a of elongate linguiform
leaves, partly with usd dup winged pd and the upper ones sessile by
a broad a — base; stem 4— Ta . Righ, minutely B only; leaves ene
to be remarkably e entir and o , sage-green, closely approximate; radica
few, narrowly Se eee E slightly ed with rather long sle ps
petiol es; lower caulines lance-elliptie, 7 x 2 em. or less, abruptly rounded and
obtuse oe p and apex, often surpassed Py ms d dn petiole; other eaulines
and branch-leaves sessile-auriculate, prolonged linear-oblong or pan sues te-
elliptie, pom rounded-truneate at apex; axiles Daear: aeutish: inflorescence
usually a loose and nearly simple raceme with small distinct long- pedicelled
arly
heads: bracts of the involucre lax, linear, acute, "the Eee tips rhomboid.—
—Fal
Dry, fertile thickets, near J acksonville, Fla.— Sum.
33. A. loriformis s Plant rough, with but ae ceed ony Na ?
with stra ap-like leaves seldom developing petioles or eordat : stem. somewhat
| e
traight from a s ela
minutely and closely erose, occasionally gashed with a few coarse remote blunt
ne A pie petioles slightly e though often a few lower leaves
lope into rap-like petiole; radicals apt to be oval-elliptic, with little or no
sordation; “upper eaulines an nd e eee acutish, more contracted
the bas s in A. corrigiatus, the inflorescence is tall and aaa the heads
ain than "n A. undulatus and ue ligu E es of the ray a more blue-purple:
braets of the i olncie narrower, the green tips diamond- (oan or lanceolate.
[A. undulatus loriformus urgess|——Sand-ba rrens, Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, Fla. to Ala. and Mass.—
Mohrii Burgess. ips d pd and pi upon d pep with very
nak ushy inflorescence: ough, rigid, w any small dark eapitate
slender-stalked red non pue strigose pu anus of the latter are
iseid, becoming broken down and irregularly D dm d blades long, nar-
rowly lin and = ass-like, thickish, harsh, of uniform breadth, minutely
rugulose above, n slightly acute; petioles s obscure, arene or winged; occasional
radieal or basal leaves are shorter, broader, apa ie cordate-lanceolate, and
at the slightly poss base are contraeted into a pd petiole; with
but obscure or rare sinus and amplexieaul ae axile Ms and rameal
chiefly linear-oblong, Apu by a broad base: heads small, long- ps
(5-7 em.) raeemosely compounded: bracts of m pe cre linea iptic,
acute, green-tips prominent, lance-elliptic: ligules e ray reddish- Tue
12-15 or less. [A. Baldwinii f T. & G.]—Sandy soil, noe Plain, Fla. to La.
and Ga.—Fall.—Fine strigose tomentum extends down the pedun cles and pon
of the stem. Represents the extreme atcha dm of the A. undulatus types.
35. A. puniceus L. Stem 9-25 dm. b usually stout, nd prin]
eorymbosely or racemosely prone abov , his ispid with ri igid hai ing fro
a eens! a base: leaf-blades Bu ciis to elliptic- lanceolate 7- 15
ud 5 ng, a
minate, sessile and clasping by a broad or narrowed base, sharply
BOE ome upper ones entire), d very iia above, fae vrs on the
midrib beneath: heads generally nume 2-4 em. broad: involucre nearly
hemispheric; bracts linear or elliptic, ee ines in about 2 series,
CARDUACEAE 1379
glabr oe or ciliate, green, loose, spreading, nearly equal, sometimes piace
ray- ap s 20-40; ligu is light- -violet a purplish or pale), 10-14 m
long, s wy: pappus n early white: achene pubescent.—Swamps and ditches,
ae Pu. Ga. to Ala., Minn., Ont. 2 nd N. S.—Sum.-fall.
36. A. Elliottii T. & G. Ste br Eos d vdd or pubescent in lines,
corymbosely paniculate above: ea ather us; blades thickish, various,
those of the basal and lower Cane “elliptic a ERE te, 2-3 dm. long, with
shallow appressed or rounded teeth, narrowed into broad petiole-like bases,
those of the upper cun elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, appressed-serrate, acute
: with petiole-l à
ach branch: bracts o
recurved, their tips linear-elliptie or linear-subulate, and spreading: ray-flowers
numerous; ligules narrowly linear, 9-11 mm . long, bright- pr achene gla-
brous or nearly so.—Swamps, Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C.—Fall.—Resembles
A. puniceus, but inflorescence more corym bosely crowded an aa level-topped :
bracts more attenuate and more spreading: ligules of the ray deeper-colored:
hairs tubercular at the base or wanting.
37. A. conduplicatus Burgess. Stem Le ere nearly smooth, but with
some lines A straggling thick-based bristles; branches short, rigidly spread.
conges d p iius ends with ir died erowded heads: leaf-blades sessile,
bvi 'ein
e
the ray blue or violet, fading whitish: bracts of the involuere linear, wit
triangular-acute apex, white scarious edges and Bie t-green conspicuous deltoid
tip.—Moist soil near Biltmore, in the Blue Ridge of N. C.—Fall. mns d also
to A. novi-belgii and A. pun niceus.—Plant ehiefly ae green and smo
38. A. prenanthoides Muhl. Ste n 3-6 dm. high, EE pip B.
above, flexuous, much-branched: leaf-blades thin, ellipti neeo-
late, 7-15 cm. long, sharpl and coarsely hei ate, seabrous ps is or
nearly so beneath, acuminate, abruptly n wed "bel ow into a broad-margined
entire p ad base dilat ted and aurieulate- clasping : Beads usually numerous,
25 mm. broad voluere hemispherie; braets linear ;
spreadi ing, Bib in 3 0 or 4 series, did uter shorter: ray-flowers 20-30;
ligules violet, 8-12 mm. long: pappus D achene pubescent. ENS soil,
various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. o Ia., Wis., and
fall—Unlike other asters in its le af- form, chasaclerieticay a sibel
base and an ovate-acuminate rd connected by a strap-like middle.
= A. EENEN Walt. Stem shrubby, widely or di ipd branch ed, 1-4
. lon m hing or climbing, finely po softly more or less ish pubescent:
ies Ped. few, those of Nee m and main ERR pine elliptie or
iy De d en i blades m. long, s Or ae at P » Mn
ally s sagi
g à
merous; ligules pale-purplish or pinkish, 1.5-2 long: achene
glabrous.—In and about aa Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.— Fall, continuing
in flower the year roun
40. A. laevis L. Stem 6-12 dm. high, usually stout, glabrous, often glauco us,
branched or simple: leaf-blades thick and almost leather ry, very smooth, entire
1380 CARDUACEAE
or serrate, slightly rough-margined, the upper all sessile and strongly age
A ng elliptic- -lanceolate, oblanceolate or ovate, acute or obtusish, 2-10 e
; those of the basal and lower eauline po gradually narrowed into Se
ee bases, those of the bunc often small and scale-like: ya pub
numerous, about 25 mm. broad: involuere umet ate; bracts of the involucre
rigid, acute, appressed, broadly Ss ee imbrieate in several series: ray-
flowers 2 ligules blue or violet: pappus Mesi achen a glabrous or nearly
S stony soil, various provinces an
, Ga. to La., Kans., N. D.,
Me. — Fàll. iib a asters for its smooth, 'eool, RE surfaces.
41. A. concinnus Willd. Similar to narrow- -leaved pum of A. laevis in
d the stem glabrous or sparingly pubescent above 9 dm. to ps
ately s leaf-blades elongate-laneeolate to m. entire (or
tue serrulate), 2-7 em. long, those of the upper cauline leaves sessile, a
clasping, those of the basal and lower cauline ves spa eui or elliptic, ed
rowed into res petio e-like bases: heads usually numerous, abou
broad: bracts of the i E vith rhomboid acai herbaceous tips: sn ree
a i purple ae ne woods or dry soil various provinces N of
astal Plain, N. C. to Ark. and Conn.—Fall. — Resembles A. laevis, but more
on mbed, the heads smaller aad es narrower
49. A. purpuratus Nees. Stem 4-12 dm. high, slender, glabrous, simple, or
Pone above, the branches pere puber ie : leaf-blades fir rm, glabrous,
si he
rk-
or long-li -linear, 5-12 cm. long, acuminate; basal a lower cauline leaves petioled,
iun lanceolate, obtusish; those of the branches very small: heads rather few,
. loo racemose, 16-25 mm. broad: involuere broadly campanulate: bracts
eo ous md Beg posi ear pene cate in several series, the green
s dc e ray-flowers 5—10, their ligules blue or violet, E mm. long:
pappus tawny: achene ERS eue and open woods, va s provinces,
Ga. to Tex., Ark., and Va.—Late Sum.—Fall.—Resembles A. m ‘put tits heads
more racemed, apt to be solitary on m. "branches the braets narrower-tipped,
the leaves greatly narrow a the blades long-linea
43. A. attenuatus Lindl. Stem glabrous, 6 dm. high or lese: leaf -blades
about l em.
bracts as in A. diei in Rs pon which it differs i s le eaves, Rr
smaller heads, m narrowed inflorescence of short ed >y mewhat
squarrose lower pac. whieh pass gradually into spreading du on the
pedicels. [A. virgatus y T. & G.]—Dry soil, Coastal Plain, Ala. to La.—Fall.
44, A. ursinus Burgess. Stem stout, smooth, glabrous below the inflores-
ane ol peculiar in the crowded nodes of its base and in florescence, there
B em ee ess apar anu and in the abruptly remote nodes of the ste m between n,
hori acco Or ‘spatulate, sometim de » ad, with
eiliate petioles; minute stubby met ioe even oe the larger O
beneath, and occurs on the main stem and bra e gri. Pops de
whieh tends to ellipsoid and broadly raeemose type: he — sees seus ary oO
j ice the size o . atten
virgate bran i 3 em. broad, 1 em. hi e
pedicels shaggy with conspicuous uniform close ely- ADA D which
are 1 em. long, each appressed half-way and with outeurved tip; upper braetlets
more spreading and furry and passing pia s into the braets of the
involuere; dp loose, broa a bra chiefly linear- "attenuate,
tapering from the base, their e = p rge, Tater te, and conspicuous.
[A. virgatus B T. & G. ‘not Banks]—Mountain slopes, Blue Ridge, Ga.—Late
sum.—fall
CARDUACEAE 1381
45. A. falcidens uis Sa Plant of firm smooth texture like A. laevis, with
similar rays and bracts: stem slight or delicate, not rigid, generally arcuate,
terete, EPA B under 5 dm. high; leaf-blades very thin, of linear type,
rud NUT. glaucese ent, of aa A nd ee remarkable for the absence
of veins (unl under a stro ns), g from ripe DR mooth and
id qunm With the ane uu ciliation or ee ss) to jns with
minute hair beneath and some scabrous h argins: radical ed very
pale and glaucous, with oval or ru ate blades, p apex rounded or obtuse, a
few acutish, 2 Pope narrow and longer ; lowe er cauline leaf- NEM lance-
elliptic, en ntir equalled by the narrow petiole (and resemblin ng
o ei ; middle caulines linear, often 2 dm. long by only
1 em. broad, sessile, short-aeuminate, frequently with several large projecting
teeth which i nea ry opposite or remotely seattered; these notehes may be
inereased till the leaf is pinnatifid, or reduced to many s m i un or
may be replaced = DUE oblinecolate linear entire leaves: upper auline
leaves often nume more, ascending or spade entire, Pes
Moa sided, tapering tightly a each nd but not aa 15 em. by 1.5
, finally bec ing short, linear-acute and t, until 5. em. long: axiles
e n
ed ici of the ray pale-blue: disks early turning deep-erimson: bracts
f the involuere linear- Ma Bel acute, their green "pe rhomboid.
[ 4. pis jenes T. & G., not Banks.]—Upland woods, Blue E and more
p ro jay to Ark "pa. and N. "e. —F all.—Differ fro the allied
vis, A. concinnus and close Br SM in its longer ines Siral hte -sided
oer blades Ad the coarse teeth.
. A. turbinellus Lindl. Stem 6-9 dm. high, s kai paniculately branched,
glabrous Pa po AA leaf- Ma ied lanceolate, or elliptie- Janceo-
late, 5-7 e ong, entire, ciliate, acute or ac ate, those of the basal and
lower uim petted, _those of the oP ais: ws se of the bra Bde mueh
smaller: heads about m. broad, mostly solitary at the ends of the branches:
m turbinate; pes elliptic, coriaceous, obtuse, I imbrieate
n 5 or 6 series, their tips green ee at the apex: ray-flowers 10-20; ligules
6- 10 mm. long, violet: pappus tawny: achene finely So n nt.—Dry soil,
especially on mg various $2 La. to Ark., Kans., and Ill.—Sum.-fall.
ontinuus Small. Stem 5-11 dm. tall, pubeseent, much branched above:
5 em. long,
tips, eute, passing into the numerous a of the rend ne 12-15;
anes violet, 1~1.5 em. long: achenes pubescent. Resembles 4. patens Ait., but
its bracteals 'elos er; the involuere api) turbinate.—Dry soil, often in open
woods, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Kans., and Ark.—Fall.
A. georgianus Alexan nder Stem 4.5-8 dm. tall, rough- Vs m
E branched: leaf-blades sessile, and to obovate, rough pubes and
Mona rar p Pide ih auriculate: -clasping at the ba ase, entire, ae or
obtu ne ( ryo ng; tae of the branches much smaller, sometimes bract-
like ps MN pd at the ends of bra nches or branchlets;
a pan ree a UR linen somewhat acute, eur. the
elliptic green Ups eu M ray-flowers 20- 30; ligules violet, about 15 mm
o. ae wny.—Dry or open woods, inner Coastal Plain and Piedmont
Ga. and S. On — Fall.
1382 CARDUACEAE
A. fontinalis Alexander. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, pubescent, much ae
leaf-blades sessile, eir -elliptie, ee pubescent, dus spreadin ne, culate-
elasping at the base, entire, abruptly acute, 1.5-3 em. long; low pie and
oe e es not Peg those of the D small e bract- B. heads about
broad, or more, the ends of the numerous ra and branchlets;
ae Sot Tate ; braets linear, with narrowly spa atulate, E em
tips, remarkably thin for this group, but clo Md _appress sed and n t all
E glabrous, and ciliate margined: ray-flowers 15-30; ligules n i
blu long: pappus whitish .—Damp, mcd slopes, and moist soil,
Fla. 2 e. fal
90. A. patens Ait. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, slender, rough, divergently branched:
leaf-blades sessile, ovate- elliptic or oval, rough- -pubescent, thiek and somewhat
rigid, strongly auriculate diu at the p ad base, entire, acute, or the
5 t}
lower ones obtuse, 2.5-7. ong, those of the Pa much smaller and
braet-like, their Dia rough- ciate: = M 29 - broad or more, solitary
at the en nds of the branches: involue nulate 5; bracts o elliptic, el
pubescent or scabrous, often SO seen lat reus imbric , their green
tips spreading: ray-flow ers 20- B. ligules du or Ma let, pur
mm. ae pappus hu achene pubescent.—Dry, open places, often in acid
soi], Various provinces, Fla. to Tex. Minn., and Mass.—Sum.— all
A. tenuicaulis (C. Mohr) ae e ables o Fo but its pg
long and slender, flagelliform and P ro vell developed: leav nd
heads smaller: pedic els longor, ofte mre em. 2056 s and their tips mu ch nar-
rower, narrowly linear; bractlets mucronate: acute, Cn te or forming a chal
like series alon ng the pediee els, appre zu = slightly spreading. [A. patens
gracilis Hook. . patens tenuicaulis °C. Iohr.]—Dry soil, Coastal Plain and
adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex., Okla., and Ky com
2. A. phlogifolius Muhl. Similar to A. patens in habit, but when well de-
veloped, much taller, more pad and soft: leaves larger; blades lanceolate to
elliptie-laneeolate, entire, thin or membranous, acuminate at the apex, strongly
aurieulate, clasping at the T roughish above, pubescent a th, usually
narrowed below the middle, sometimes 15 cm. long: heads usually numerous,
3—5 cm. broad, panicled or somewhat racemose on the bra nches: involucre cam-
panulate; bracts lanceolate, En rather loose, with he ud ti ips: ray-
flowers numerous; ligules s purple -blue.—W oods and n di various provinces
P po irre Plain, “Ohio and Mass.—Lat —fall.—Resembles
Ga. to
dud less harsh ui pes Heads larger: cr plein narrow: leaf-
blades inea
53. A. adnatus Nutt. St em 2-8 dm. tall, hispidulous, Biel ged more or less
br oe eu above: leaves various, the basal few, with a vl
blades 2.0 em. ong: = eauline very numerous, RAE UM on
part ^" the stem, mor du qs icate us ove uq b bra: ps oe
x e to lanceolate, 3- 12 ong, firm, scabro and 20s ecd
the ey and br anches, sessile: ue relatively Pu piden singly
ating t su bran chlets: high; bracts linear or slightly
cade d upward, the dark- 2 pide slightly ib y-flowers numer-
ous; ligules 7-10 mm. long, violet: achene glabrous.—Dry pinelands, ieee
Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Fall.—Remarkable among asters in its min
adnate NOUS ike leaves.
A. Walteri Alexander. Stem 2-6 dm. tall, Rr branehed above or
throughout, ne pis idus fii very numerous, the basal spatulate to cune-
ate, entire, the cauline approximate or contiguous, rigid, reflexed ; blades elliptic-
acca to 5 or "o ovate, 2-9 mm. long, ciliate, serrate, closely ses-
sile: heads few, widely scattered, terminating scaly branchlets: involucre 5-6
CARDUACEAE 1383
55. A. oblongifolius. Nutt. Stem much-branehed, 3-7 dm. high, a dna
i e
20-30; ligules violet-purple, rarely rose-pink, 6-10 mm. long: . pappus becomin
j chene canescent. iri
liries an uffs,
various provinces mostly N of Coastal Plain, Ala. to nd Pa.—
Sum.-fall.—4. Kwmleini Fries is not known in the east, ilio e specimens
having been referred to A. oblongifoli Tus.
diflorus L. Stem 3-7 dm. high, rather stiff, A 2:
bra nehed, hispid ‘with short pow leaf-blades elliptic, linear, or what
uus rigid, s e by à broad sometimes slightly elasping hace. rellered,
entire, obtusish, napid the larger 5 cm. long, those of the branches very num-
ous 4—10 mm. lon 1
: : he ut : ;
volucre hemispheric; bracts very squarrose and fol eous, imbricate in 5-7
series, linear, or linear-elliptic, glandular, the outer obtusi sh, the inner acute:
rays very numerous; ligules deep-violet, nearly 25 mm . long, 3 mm. wide: pappus
becoming a achene d canescent.—Dry soil, Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, Fla. to Va.—Sum —Resembles A. oblongifolius. but heads larger
and fewer, is ud ar
97. A. novae-angliae L. Stem stout, 6-25 dm high, hispid-pubescent,
thy mbos nos branehed above, very gel leaf- blades CH aa entire,
one pubescent, sees em. long, 12-25 mm. wide, each clasping by an auriculate
eads nume , 9-5 em. broad, clustered a the ends of the branches:
ate
un
ing, pubescent b more or less glandular-viscid: ray-flowers 40-50; ligules
linear, 10-16 mm. long, videt purple Moe a royal oe rarely ‘replaced
by rose-color, or whi te): ent: pappus becoming reddish-white.—
Fields and neutral soil ee en urn: provinees, rarely Coastal Plain,
S. C. to Miss., Ark., Colo., Alta., and Que.—Sum .-fall.
98. A. novi-belgii L. Stem slender, 3-9 dm. high, u sisaatiy much-branched,
pe or slightly E air above: leaf-bla des laneeolate, elliptic- lanceolate
i lanceolate, 9—12 em. long, firm, entire, or slightly serrate, glabrous or
very n arly so, cuminate in the e apex, narrowe d, sessile, and more or less elasp-
e
e
braets of the involuere obtuse, loose, spatulate, ranges marshes, from
Ga. to E Ca A. nov a jatlanticus with lan Ecol e ie ‘blades pe iin
from the middle to an acumin apex and base: heads ers 2 : inflor
cenee racemose-corymbose, nud in swamps, from N. C. to
1384 CARDUACEAE
A. elodes T. & G. Stem up to 7 dm. tall, iid smooth, little-branched,
a pale and reddened: leaf-blades nar rowly linear, entire, shinin ng and firm
and coriaceous when dry, 5-15 cm. long, o ofte m.
broad, scarcely elasping ba the contracted sessile Pu divaricately spreading
and bec ing deflexed ; ealleaves very numerous, approximate, Ls -oval
to loca "dana RE with abruptly contracted base and apex, dimin-
ished to 1 em. long on the pedice els: leaves (especially the rameal) with their
j j revolute: i
=
* ©
] inulos
loosely panieled, with domed, flattened or irregular top: 2 often sd
e; chief t i j ip
; some poa sp
foliaeeous outer bracts occur, they are usually few or inconspicuous.—
oe BE in pine a Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, N. C. to
Mass.—Sum.-fall.
60. sericeus Vent. Stem 3-6 dm. ed slender, paniculately or corym-
bo E. ier stiff, glabrous, leafy: basal and lowest ic pd oblanceolate,
narrowed into margined pur eauline leaves sessile, with oad base,
E entire, mucronate, m. long, erect or T with - ens silvery-
white silky pubescence on p th ee : heads numer about mm. broad
ee det braets elliptie, or the inner acute caeseen imbricate
n3or4s , thei eir tips green, acute, spreading: ray- -flowers 15- 55; ligules
reddish. violet, (ne ming violet-blue, 12-16 mm. long: Kien y achene
gla — ry, open soil, various P dics N of Coastal Plain, Tenn. to
Tex., Man and Ill—Late sum.-fal
A. concolor L. Stem 3-7 dm. high, leafy, simple, or with few erect
branches: leaf-blades eliptic or linear- -elliptie, pel and = a pr on
both sides, or the lower glabrate, sessile, obtuse or mucr em. long:
heads in an ao Bas raceme resemblin ae that of d a yov iniaria:
involuere ped md braets linear or linear- Top. Bd d
t rer
imbricate i or 5s s, their tips Sor s the ou y-flow
10-15; E lilac, pres violet-blue, 6-8 mm. long: pe a ptus denen
villous br ry s andy, often acid, soil, Consta Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to
La., aide Mass.—Lat —fall.—Resembles A. sericeus, but more wand-
, Ten e sum
like and p and more canescent than silky.
62. A. simulatus sedem Stem 2-15 dm d. wand-like or with few virgate
branches, pale-pubescent, the branches, espec ally near the tips, villous-silky:
leaf-blades linear- “elliptic to lanceolate or nee lanceolate, 1-2.5 mm. long or
somewhat scale-like and smaller above, more or less silky, acu ute, ene sessile;
heads in virgate racemes or panicles, ‘showy: involuere tu rbinate-c mpanulate:
ri
e ha
0-13; ligules violet, 6-7 mm. long: Pappus whitish: achene RUN silky. —
Pinelands, Everglade Keys, Fla.—Fall-v
lumosus Sm Stem 1 m. tall or p ode above, finely pu-
lad of the stem
those above linear or nearly so, those of the branches linear-elliptie E lanceo-
late, mostly 1 em. long or less, acute, all sessile, finely popes. on both sides:
heads showy, in loos e racemes; in voluer e turbinate-campanulate s linear- |
er
da qa to narrowly ch unde pd gos: in several series, the in
ds E. loosely spreading or reeurved green ti tip with copious
6.5
us ut hair ray- -flowers about 10; d violet, 7-8 mm. long; pappus
tawny: achene silky -villous.—Dry woods, Apalachicola River dd Fla.—Fall.
CARDUACEAE 1385
64. A. Curtisii T. & G. Stem 4-18 dm. tall, EUER at least below the in-
florescence, oe d, corymbose or paniculate above, the pan sometimes raceme-
like: leaves various, s s etim ds all with linear Me nearly li linear blades and entire
Or partly serrate, som e lower cauline with lanceolate elliptic, oval or
ovate sharply serrate blades and petiole-like pos and the upper cauline linear
and less toothed, M allof them rela aay bo all thickish, age
green ane eee : heads s void or pde - the end o the stem its
branches e hemispheri -9 , conspicuous; bracts ‘often
slightly a pum below the more or oie yu. dark-green spreading, or
reflexed tips: ray-flowers s 18-28; ligules violet-purple, often brilliant, 1-3 cm.
long: achene glabrous, shorter than the re ordid pappus. mu ee ee lue
Ridge and Appalachian provinces, Ga. to Tenn. and N. C.—Fall.—Resembles
A. spectabilis, but leaves more polymorphous: stem taller: head more diffused:
glands lacking.
65. A. Smallii Alexander. Stem 5-6 dm. tall, glandular-pubescent, ial
uaa peace below the Mrs compact t inflores scence; leaves ra
merous 5-12 cm. long; blades d. but rough-margined, ede the
Ennis ones taperin to a wing-petioled base, the upper ones sessile at the
2 base, all, even the lenia in sharp- -serrate and acuti id = ads borne
den ewhat corymbose cluster: involucre campanulate: bracts
Pandalar, especially the ae broadly linear, hate e. or obtuse, the
tips reeurved: ray-flowers purplish: pappus pal achene pubescent.—Dry
woods, Blue Ridge, N. C.— —Resembles A. din = differs mainly in
its glandular involucral bod p numerous approximate leav
6. A. spectabilis Ait. Stem stiff, 3-6 dm. tall, simple, or corymbosely
ed above, puberu lent, or rough below w, more or less glandular above: leaf-
blades firm, thickish, those of the basal and lower cauline leaves oval acute Or
acutish, i 12 em. lon , 2-4 em. wide, ipi pud with d teeth, narrowed
0
ee Or pics nearly so, ue. line Pi elliptic eee sev Et or numerou
35 mm. broad, eorymbose, very showy: involuere nearly Pons. us
linear- jer or slightly Petula dn imbrieate in about 5 series, the
n or aeutish tips spreading: ray-flowers 15—30; ligules cd A E
m. long: = ppus whitish: achene heard pubescent, —Dry, cid, sandy
soil, Coastal Plain and N. E. Coast, N. C. to Mass.—Late un fall.
67. A surculosus Miehx. Stem 2.5-4.5 dm. tall, slender, from e longate-
filiform rootstoeks, ee ely scabrous-pubescent, corymbosely | aisi above
leaf-blades firm, lanceolate or linear, those of the lower cauline petioled, 5-7
em. long, r ough-m reed slightly. scabrous ie sparingly dentate, those of
the upper narrower, sessile, entire: heads few, or sometimes solitary, about 3
em. broad: involucre tu rbinate- -hemispheric ; ; bo coriaceo ae ate in
about 5 series, ciliate, but scarcely glandular, their green tips oen ing: ray-
flowers 15-30; ligules violet: pappus whitish: achene nearly Pide .—Sandy
or gravelly soil, various provinces, Ga. to Ala. Ey. . and N. C.—Sum.-fall.
68. A. gracilis Nutt. Stem slender, 3-4 dm. highly, finely puberulent and sca
brous, eorymbosely branched above: leaf-blades E scabr ge those of the
- sal and lower cauline leaves elliptic, acute or obtusish, 5-7 cm. long, foot thed,
arrowed into slender pd those of the upper jim linear, linear- -elliptic, or
slightly oblanceolate entire, sessile or a little clasping: heads usually
numerous, 12-20 mm. o: involucre narrowly turbinate; bracts coriaceous,
glabrous or very nearly so, a in about five series, their tips green and
spreading, obtusish: ray-flowers 9-15; ligules violet, 6-9 mm. long: pappus
nearly white: Se mi pru: prae —Dry, often aeid, sandy soil, various
provinces, N. C. to Tenn., Ky., and N. J.—Sum.-fall.
1386 CARDUACEAE
69. A. Lamarckianus Nees. Stem 6-25 dm. high, glabrous or ad y SO, panicu-
lately much-branched: leaf-blades e to elliptic-lanceolate, 7—15 em. long,
acuminate at the apex, narrowed to ssile or slightly clas ae base, a
thin, ea margined, those of the pen leaves sparingly serrate in t
middle, sometimes very nearly uo the upper and those of the E
gradually ~ Pei numerous, 16— 20 m . broad: ge nearlv hemis-
pherie, 6-8 mm. high; braets narrowly linear. lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
em ssed, En upped E brieate series: ray-flowers numerous;
ligules white (or faintly tinged vit pu ER 6-8 mm. long: pappus white or
nearly so: achene a E [.A. paniculatus Lam.]—Moist soil, various
provinces, Fla. to La., Mont., n and Va.—Late sum.—fall—A very variable
species. A ey ranging from N. C. and Tenn. to Kans., and Man., with nar-
rowly linear entire or er appressed-serrate leaf-blades acuminate at both
ends and numerous rather densely b ed heads on ascending inflorescence-
bcd is A. Lamarckianus bellidifior
70. A. aptly nna: Britton. Whole plant d p iani. stem 6
dm. high or more: leaf-blades thin, oblane and a n type, dull or
einereous-green, sharply serrate above the EN with ph tapering entire
sessile base, finely pu M gun beneath: heads irregularly D Or d da
along leafy branches: braets of the arid linear, sely imbrica
Moist places, various Ae os Tenn. to Tex., S. D., and Mich, Fall D Difers
from A. Lamarckianus Nees. de in its pubescene
71. A. salicifolius Lam. Stem 6-15 dm. ugs ue slender, paniculately
much-branehed, usually very leafy, glabro Or a pub escent
leaf-blades somewhat is , laneeo zi or inr ced 5—10 ong, ough-
margined, acu nate, narrowed and sessile or lightly qu en the
base, iis Or pedes, denta ite with low teeth, glabrous or nearly so, those of
the low r leaves a es Mur n 2r bases, Wars of the branches gradu-
ally s s er: heads numerous, 16-25 mm. broad: involuere broadly ut.
eur cud elliptic, uds sed, imbricate in 4 or 5 epee is green tips te
or obtusish: ray-fl numerous; ligules violet, or t-purple, or some-
times white, 6 -8 m en ng: diee s white: achene minutely pubescent. — Moist
soil, various M E Miss. to Tex., Mont., Ont. and Me.—Late —fall.—
The foll owing form may be distinguishable: A. poer Hoe with
scabrous stem and leaves, ranges from La. to Tex., Mo., and Md.
72. A. Simmondsii Small Stem 1-12 dm. tall, ecd pubescent, usually
with ereet or spreading branehes: leaf- blades linear, PEE. or elliptie,
glabrous, er those of the lower Vois se E. thos E the upper serrate
entire, the rameal ones narrowly linear, entire: head 5 solitary or paniculate:
ea campamulate to E e a “turbin ate; a - no wit - pud
green tips and s ous margins below, acute or ish, the inner 4-
pm ligules of des 7— “11 mm. long, Pate -lilae or ae pur ple: XEM Bu.
pubescent: pappus eream-eo!'or. [A. S82 see eee .]—Moist or dry soil, pen.
Fla.—Fall.^wint.—A No n species ich may contain one or more
distinct species.—As in the ease of odes pe the Seminoles use an infusion
of the plant to bathe victims “of sunstro
73. A. spatelliformis Burgess. Stem eg -branched, glabrous, 6 dim. eu
or more: leaf-blades dull-green and ere aM glabrous, the upper sur
face usually finely impressed with r n vei : Jeaf-form suggesting a small
dien spatula, oval with a rounded apex, a a into a short entire cuneate-
inged petiole n and rameal leaves as well as cauline all of nearly the
same type, 5 x '3 em. or les ss; the axiles half as large and oval-elliptic, with a
short cuneate base; de rameals half as large as the axiles, but very uniform,
numerous and characteristic: heads small, uer along t the prolonged or
CARDUACEAE 1387
sarmentose branches, usually pH T d braets of the involuere rigid,
linear, with whitish sides and a apex, the narrow dark-green tips lance-
triangular. — Swamp margins, J mice m Fla.—Fall.
A. Tradescanti L. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, es ee baie s the
n lin
defer usually ascending Pe often pu ubescent es: eau did. es nu-
merous; blades linear- eis or ae , i 15 c m. long, a ar
rowed to the d base, glabrous or nearly $0 on both sides, ina. d
AE ser ied in e middle with low. teeth, or sometimes entire: heads very
inn not seeund on the branches, 10—16 mm. broad: involuere
Then pier P broadly ea ate, 4—6 mm. high; bracts inr acute, e sed,
E tipped, eid in 4 or 5 series: ray-flowers numer ou 8; ligules white
nearly so, 4—6 m ong: pappus white: achene minutely ae a aa ds
i nae eee provinces, Fla. to Miss., Minn., N Y Terr., and Ont.—Late
sum.—fall.
75. A. agrostifolius Burgess. Stem terete, greenish or stramineous, 6 dm. or
often 8 dm. high, slender, erect or straggling, sparingly but widely branched:
leaves grass-like, dull-green above and beneath; blades very thin, chiefly entire,
linear- red Bid - the Md rd and especially to the apex, 10 em.
r even 15 cm. long, by wide; wer cauline leaves become broader
laneeolate or oblong and sli ightly appressed serrulate; axils Pid ally corrigiate
or occupied by two little divaricate branch-lea : hea ds mall and pal
about 1.5 em. broad: bracts of the ee ie cate ery pale, wi ith
narrow linear green tips: ligules of the rays whitish.—Low gro Y under light
shade and about copse-borders, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to Ark.,
and S E Mass.; also river banks, Knoxville, in the Appalachian n of
Tenn.—Fall.
A. pinifolius -rie er. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous or sparingly
ee with m or less erect aes leaf-blades linear to subulate,
glabrous, sessile; dis of the lower leaves narrowly linear, entire or sparingly
hack-serrate; those of the upper linear-subulate, the rameals subulate: heads
few or many, dp involuere campanulate-turbinate to d braets
linear, acutish, ae inner 5-7 mm. long: ligules of the ray 7-11 mm. long, pale-
violet: pappus eream- perm achene finely ee ent. Moist soil, Fla.—Fall.-
wint.—A TUIS species which may contain one or more distinet species.
77. A. ramosissimus Mill. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, usually glabrous, panicu-
2 bien usually bushy, the branches racemose, and the branchlets
n es r rigid; ave
o
a pin dentate, narrowed into margined petioles, ida or ciliate;
those of the ¢ auline leaves narrowly linear, acute, entir . long, tho ose
id x bus ches AUR -subulate, oy oe ous: heads nhe td pedea 8—12
oad: involuere eampanulate to hemispheric; bracts coriaceous, closely
copies hei lace or linear- lanceolate abruptly acute or acuminate, green-
tipped, 1 mbrieate in about 3 series: ray- flowers 15-25; ligules I or m
tinged: pappus "n. achene finely pu bescent. [4. e ricoides s (Fl. SE. U. $.) ].—
. sae -ASTER.) — Dry soil, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Wis., 1n S and Me.—
Fall.—wint.
78. A. pilosus Willd. Stem up to 1 m. E 1, pubescent, very much branched
and bushy, the branchlets somewhat secund: leaf-blades firm, typically with
long scattered hairs on both surfaces; those of the basal leaves spatulate or
oblanceolate, obtuse, s wis dentate, pubescent ; s of the cauline leaves
linear to elliptie, RM entire, 2-8 em. lon ng; E = the branches linear is
narrowly elliptie: heads c lly numerous, road: involuere ea
panulate to hemispheric; bracts linear to ne in te with coriaceous,
1388 CARDUACEAE
acuminate, green tips: ray-flowers with Se ty preally white, but sometimes
pink or pu rplish- tinged: pappus w vhite: achen E n. [A. ericoides pilos
ae Porter, A. ericoides villosus (Michx.) T & G., A ericoides 2 s
; G.]—Dry soil, various provinees, Ga. to Miss., Mo., Ia., and Pa.
A. juniperinus Burg Stem robust, brittle, glabrous,. pale brown,
abont 6 dm. high, the MEM numerous, prolonged, chiefly horizontal and
arallel, sometimes dm. long: Erud leaves a -green; blades thin, linear-
pae 10x1 em.; rameal Rica r leaves subulate Pu all nearly
alike, wi ide e-spreading, juniper ME gr pu redue ed and very erous un
crowded, diminishing rapidly on the elongate pedicels and eae ed
into the small spreading green outer bracts of the broad sine een
the other bracts longer and ou er, linear with triangular-ae iate summi it,
coriaceous and very gees bright. pes exeept the broadly “deltoid, sharp-
angled, green tip: heads nall: ligules of the ray white oe reddish-
brown.—Loose sandy a in sunny ee es, variou s provi med Ala. to Md.—
Late sum.—fall.—Unlike A. Faxoni in its tendene ey to divarieate, not Ps mbose,
branching. Unlike its congener A. ramosissimus in its numerous heads solitary on
long branches or branchlets.
80. A. Faxoni Porter. Stem 6-15 dm. high, glabrous throughout, panieulately
12 em.
base or those of the lower ones into margined petioles, entire or nearly so, firm,
those of E. Aes gradually smaller: basal leaves with elliptic to spatulate,
o Ain e blades: heads eed mm. broad: involuere hemispherie, nearly
8 m o br acts linear-lanceolate, acute or subulate, green-tipped or green
on the back, imbrieate in about 3 PUR the outer shorter: ray-flowers ee dai
S iru br ight- -white, 6-8 mm. du pappus white: achene minutely pubescent.—
Rocky b pou nd m d Blue Ri ‘dge er more N provinces, s to
Wis. Vt. and Mas Mn all.—4. ericoides Reevesii A. Gray is prob-
ably best cone as the e Ms form of this s species
81. A. Priceae Britton. Stem 3-7 dm. high, pubescent, widely cu ae
basal leaves with oblanceolate obtuse or acutish pu petioled blades , 3-7
, br
long, the petioles VUE oad: e e relatively few; blades [em
red ses An liate, acuminate, d hose bá the branches simila
but s aller nce nearly ee about 6 m ugh; bracts linear,
the m gradually acuminate, green, ae a little broader, abru uptly
acuminate, acute, or obtusish: hezds abou em. broad: ray-flowers numer-
ous; p bright Cnm: purple or pink E soil, Blue Ridge to Hn dm
Plateau, N. C. to Ky.--Fal
. dumosus L. Stem 3-9 dm. high, glabrous or very nearly so throughout,
paniculately rea Tapi leaf-blades firm, those of the stem linear or linear-
lanceolate, 2-7 em. long, entire, acute or obtusis roughly margined, often re-
flexed, those of the branches s very numerous, sm mall and seale- like, those of the
basal leaves spatulate, dentate: heads 8—14 mm. broad, terminating Ls usually
"DNA slender brane hes and br jid usually num us: invo e broadly
os ate; braets linear-subul appressed, imbrie about pA e
obtus n type , with 2 Sn tips E ed at Ded Reis ray-flowers 15-
30; ligules white (rarely pale-pink or pale-viole ae mm. long: pappus s white:
achene A i escent.—Sandy woods or oe often acid, variou
oe Fla. Mo., Ont., "m Me. “Lat —fall.—The following
forms may be “distinguished A. poten UL more rigid
long straggling DI: eads somewhat larger: rameal leaves s linear
blades subulate at the x eid a nd sharp, even pungent, erect or slightly
spreading: E acute, their narrow green braets laneeolate to a
CARDUACEAE 1389
ranging in pinelands and copse borders from Fla. to Tex. and S. C.: A. dumosus
sirictior, with few ascending branches often aggregated above: leaf-blades
acuminate and entire, ranges in m thickets from Tenn. to Mass
83. A.coridifolius Miehx. Resembles 4. dumosus, but the stem more rigid, dif-
fusely decompound with slender flagellate brane hes and branchlets; cauline
leaves as in A. dwmosus; rameal and ramular leaves uniform, and minute,
greatly and abruptly reduced from the eauline, spreading or divarieate or
reflexed, linear, usually not over 1 em. long, und pedes crowded ind braet-
like, giving the pla id its Dora ride aspect: heads small, many of them
solitary on prolonged branehlets: braets of s mE more rigid, obtusish,
their tips broad-spatulate, rounded and then s — Pinelands and sandy
barrens, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La. and Mass.—Sum.-fall.
84. A. gracilipes (Wiegand) Alexander. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly
so, with erect- A uir P and cda leaf-bla des firm, di of the
15 e o and r
stem narrowly li 2— ng, entire ough- n So he ma PaL
usually enrolled: oes of the 1 ong, spreading Dr Hes not very n rous,
but short, erect or appressed, aeute or aeu dau those of the Ded ace es ere
late, often sparingly dentate: heads 10-15 Grad. solitary at the ends of
the long branchlets, fairly numerous: inv Sucre broadly e ampa soe bracts
linear-spatulate, appressed, acute or acutish with spatulate green B TON
flowers 14-20; Li white, or rarely pale- nt p br 5-7 mm. long:
appus stramineo achene sparingly pubescent arly ae [ A.
dumosus m "Wiegand, —Pinelands, sandy poete od moist places, Fla.
(to La.?).—
85. A. Apu L. Stem 3-20 dm. high, strict, much branched and bushy,
the branches ending or spre eading: leaf-blades rigid, linear, entire, mostly
obtuse, sessile c Or r slightly clasping at the base, strigose or glabrate, those of
TOW
mm. high; br acts coriaceous, pubescent, in 3 0 series, their short green T?
obtuse or mucronate, spreading: ray- Bone 10- 20; [pra white, 38—4 mm. long:
pappus becoming brownish-white: achene puberulent E mu E 1: —
Dry, open plaees, various provinees, Ga. to Tex., S. Dak ate
sum.—fall.
86. A. brachypholis Small. Stem 5-6 dm. high, finely p ere e
above, with few, spreading branches: leaf-blades thin and fragile is the
entire plant: those of the stem linear, fairly numerous, 2-7 em ae blades
entire, those of the branchlets exce edingly numerous, mostly reflexed, acute,
those of the basal leaves narrowly d piae dentate: heads 8- 10 mm.
volu
broad, secund on long, P eading b s, nume ere bei cam-
panulate: braets linear, very shor t Qo Joger t han a e , achene es), 0.5-1 mm
long, obtuse, ciliate, ern green tips flowers about 12: ligules ane or
whitish, 3—4 mm. long: disk- SAM "ees purple: oh white: achene
elliptic, pubescent, about 1 mm. long.—Wooded slopes, often on damp rocks,
Apalachicola, River bluffs, Fla. ga ll.
87. A.racemosus Ell. Stem Em ten Rom T E bed -pubescent on
the aseending rather slender branches: leaves firm; blades linear or nearly so,
relatively small, acute, the upper aa heads not i nons racemosely
j ow
1 lu mm. high; bracts firm, subulate to narrowly lin
acuminate: ray-flowers few; ligules purplish, 2-3 mm. long: achene nbl.
and S. C.—
pubescent.—Beaches and sandy woods, Coastal Plain, Fla. to i
Sum.—fall.
1390 CARDUACEAE
88. A. vimineus Lam. Stem 6-15 dm. high, glabrous or d so, slender, di-
Sands branched: eauline leaves linear-acuminate, 7—12 en long, regularh M
minutely ha a slightly narrowed at the sessile es those of the
branches mueh smaller: heads very numerous, 6-10 mm. broad, generally edd
racemose-secund, nus ac involucre broadly turbii nate; braets linea
acute or acutish, green-tipped, appressed: ray-flowers numerous: ligules me
4 mm. long, narrowly linear, white, often roseate in fading: pappus white:
achene pa pubescent.—Moi n: t soil, various provinces, Fla. to Ark., Kans.,
Minn. and Mass.—Late sum.—fal
89. A. lateriflorus (L.) Britton. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, p ulent or op rn
brous, slender, diverge ud branehed, often bushy: sul leaves few
ovate, short- -petio oled; eauline leaves mac bla Pg broadly accolto Or
elliptic-lanceolate, 5-12 em. long, mostly aeuminate, serrate, those of the
branches smaller, elliptie or linear-elliptie: heads 6-10 mm. broad, cni
unilateral on the br aca Qd -peduneled or sessile, D numerous
erowded: SIr turbin bracts linear- ue d obtu acutish,
brieate in about 4 series, co short green tips appr Dd Or B pM
g: a pis numerous; ligules short, “whitish or pale ri rounded at
the disk- vu purple: pappus whit nan ne minutely pu BOSE 'ent.
[A. r Ait.]— Or aes soil, variou or A]a. i Tex, Ark.
Ont., N. S., and N. 7 Lat —fall.—The followi d pod ml be distin
guished: A. lateriftorus poem with the stem chiefly unbranched: lea
c aaa above, the a a "d dull green, with n mcm
eeth: heads glomerate xils spic ae abov e or scattered on short
"de thyrs
paniculate heads: leaf-blades ne es laneeolate, ranges in open thiekets from
Tenn. to Il., Ont., and N. Y.: A. lateriflorus horizontalis, with long o
tir
heads very numerou : ;
pendulus, with long slender, horizontal or drooping bran and droopin
pons the blades narrowly linear-elliptie, remotely ap b eue heads
long-peduneled, ranges in thiekets from Ala. to N. C. "m nd N. Y.
90. A. hirsuticaulis Lindl. Stem 4-9 dm. tall, slender, erect, pubescent, nearly
or quite to the base; branches usually sho rt spre eadin ng or ascending: le af
blades thin, ran s above, usually densely c on the midvein d
serrate with v appressed teeth, or entire, of linear type, sometimes
long, sessile o xd basal ones spatulate and petio oled: heads more or less er
e br Oe chiefly loosely clustered, Tp Ben Mtl or few in the
j tsin 30
l narrow;
nate or acute: ray-flowers several; ligules E oi 4 mm. long, narrow.—
Woods and d various provinees N of Coastal Plain, Te to Pa. and
Me. m.—fall—Unlike A. lateriflorus in its hirsute st and its long
linear i -sided leaf-blades which are hirsute on the midrib beneath.
. A. ptarmicoides (Nees) T. & G. Stem tufted, 3-6 dm. high, slender, rigid,
usually rough above, corymbosely branched near the summit: leaf-blades Jin near-
lanceolate, 3-ribbed, entire, or with a few distant teeth, firm, shining, rough-
margined or ciliate, sometimes scabrous, acute, narrowe ed ud a sessile base, or
those of the lower leaves petioled; the d and basal ones 7-15 em. long,
upper smaller, those of the br qu linear subulate: heads 16-25 mm. broad,
j h
0
4 series: ray-flowers 10-20; ligules snow-white, narrow, 6 mm. long: pappus
white, achene gee —Dry o r rocky soil, various provinees, Ga. to Ark.,
Colo., N W Terr., Ont., “and Mass. —Sum.—fall.—Remarkable among asters for
CARDUACEAE 1391
its profuse linear shining, rough- di n leaf- wens and small level-topped white
heads.—A usually taller form fro a. an , with lower leaves 15-18 em
long, and often denticulate, and Se rue is A. ptarmicoides georgianus.
92. A. acuminatus Michx. Stem 3-9 dm. high, pubescent or puberulent zig-
zag, eorymbosely pM din ee below: leaf-blades thin, broadly ob-
long or elliptic, 7-15 e ong, a imate at the apex, narrowed to a cuneate
sessile base, sharply dud re ERR E pinnately ka glabrous
or pubescen T above, pubescent at least on the ns beneath, low shaded
plants often p s os and apres Pu ‘whorl ed: jug: severa] or
numerous, 25-3 . broad: qos nearly hemis pr braets subulate-
linear, i "the red uch shorter: ray-flow s 12-18; ligules narrow
19-16 mm. long, e or slightly purplish : Bi. eopious, soft and fine,
very white: achene pubescent.—Moist woods, often in acid soil, Blue Ridge and
more N provinees, Ga. to Ont. ap Vp n —fall.—Remarkable for its soft-
pubescent, limp subviscid leaves and its decurved buds becoming erect and
fragrant in flower. The ones are 5d slender
A. paludosus Ait. as 3—7 dm. tall, roughish or rough-pubescent, acd
cially above, slender, virgate and simple, or somewhat branched above, pale or
purplish: leat -blades In acuminate or nearly so, long, entire or
sparingly hack-serrate, gl S 0 rly so, rather rigid, mostly 1-veined,
aeute, the er part either narrowed and sheathing or somewhat auriculate, th
arg rough or ciliate: heads few or sev i e, 3—
involuere broadly gre eer bracts imbricate in t 3—4 series, ciliate
and pubescent, the upper half more or less foliacenus; the inner bracts very
h r ear to spatulate, sometim the sam e
outer bracts a acute, usually exceeding the es often thickened-
me at s tip: ray-flowers 20-380; ligules deep blue-violet, 10-15
long: pappus tawny: achene oe nearly so.—Moist, sandy soil, Coastal
RM and Piedmont, Ga. to N. C.—
. pedionomus Alexander. Stem 3-8 dm. (rarely 1 m.) tall, from a woody
cor ] n
simple, but branched n ve, pale or purplish: leaf-blades linear to narrowly
ped glabrous, seabrate-margined, rigid, mostly 1-veined, acute, but slightly
wed at the sessile or sheathing base: heads few or several, panie eulate, 3.5
poer cds nearly hemispheric; bracts Mp m in several series, the
a long and
l th er
linear-lance ie ‘the inner linear or slightly spatulate: ray-flowers 20-30;
nu oe oe 10-20 mm. long: pappus tawny: achene somewhat pubescent.
ar ry soil, sg hillsides and woods, various provinees, Fla. and Ga.
to Tex., ' Kans., and Tenn—Fall.
95. A. Gattingeri Alexander. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, from a woody corm-like root-
stock, glabrous, or sparingly short- Di a t above, slender and simple, pale or
P leaf-blades linear, 4-12 em. long, entire, glabrous, seabrate margined,
rigid, l-veined j :
rrowed :
BO ua d in a racemiform m e 3—4 cm. broad: lue arly
hemispheric; bracts imbricate in 4—5 series, the nips Ai eaten Sab one RT
the outer foliaceous abov Aa: shorter ien nner, the inner very thin,
purple tipped, a; > s wide as the o 'ray-flow 05 i ligules violet, 10-12 mm.
ong: pappus tawny: nates slighty p ube Me —Dry, sandy soil, Coastal Plain
and adj. 2 inees, Ala., and Miss. can ——Early fall.
96. A. hemisphericus Alexander. Stem 1-7 dm. tall, from a long- -stoloniferous,
wiry or woody rootstock, which usually forms colonies; glabrous, or spar sely
pubescent above; slender, simple or sometimes branched in the inflorescence,
1392 CARDUACEAE
pale or purplish: leaf-blades linear, linear-elliptic or Nro usually
seabrate on both ud the margin especially so, acute, what n wed to
a ag -clasping base: heads few P several, somewhat race miform (ra E 2
form or racemo -panieuliform), 3 cm. broad: involucre hemispheric or nearly
80; ped imbrieate in several Es many series, only the tips spreading, leather
or foliaeeous, the inner much the longer, each outer series gradually becoming
shorter, the outermost linear, acute, the remainder abruptly acute, the inner-
most very narrow: ray-flowers 15-30; ligules blue-violet or violet, 15-25
long pappus tawny achenes somewhat pubescent.—D l, hillsides, woods
S
and prairies, various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Kans., and Mo.—Fall ——Markedly
distinct from A. pedionomus in ‘its gregarious "habit.
97. A. verutifolius p epus Stem up to 9 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so,
slender and sparingly branched, purplish: leaf-blades most unusual for an
Aster, with a triangular, half- sheathing e m eontraeted to a i
filiform, rapier-shaped blade, 8-10 em. long, or longer, glabrous, entire
very rigid: yide Pic og! on long Ru UE in a loose paniele whose ae
begin far dow with a few short-peduncled heads in the leaf- axils,
3—4 em broad: po d h ond braets imbrieate in about 5 series,
ae eiliolate, outer narrowly linear-aeuminate from a broad base, the
inne her era " Or r narrowly elliptic vin acuminate tips: jus 20-25;
ligules violet, ong: pappus tawny: achene not seen mature, but
probably d M —Moist soil near Ocean CNN "Miss. —Fall.
98. A. spinulosus Chapm. Plant nearly or quite smooth to the touch, and
almost without hair: stem pale, slender, 5-6 dm. high, from a short erect
tuberous rootstock shaggy with marcescent leaf-bases: basal leaves tufted, very
numerous, long and slender, linear and attenuate below, often 3 dm. long, with
e ng or com
en
aap peas leaf: Ee of the ray violet, a over : em. s broader, the
disk-flowers fewer and the bra de paler-margined than in 4. paludos us, which
this ieee oles: ede ay awny, Doe io ie —Wet pinelands,
Apalachicola roii region, N Fla um.—Unlike 4. paludosus in its smaller
spicate heads, longer narrower basal leaves, more pungent upper cauline leaves
and less conspicuous teeth.
99. A. eryngiifolius T. & G. Plant nearly smooth to the touch, sparsely
villous above: rootstock tuberous-thickened: stem rigid, erect, 3-7 ‘am m. high,
unbr ein d, s one terminal head or sometimes hb Dr due closely
approximate ves grass- a linear-acute with narrowed base, the numerous
basal perm i chiefly 1 dm. lon ng or less, the DI soon pues to one-
third the length, subereet, subulate-linear, seile and bract-like; both set o
the middle with long slender subremote subulate teeth: inv ue broadly hem
herie; braets nearly of the same length h but of many series, linear- ‘subulate,
of the ray 3 cm. long, tapering below , light violet, blue or white: disk-flowers
very numerous: pius becoming ferru uginous in the herbarium: alveolae deep
and pronounced.—Low pinelands, M Fla., and adj. Ga.—Sum
100. A. Bracei Britton. Plant perennial: stem rather wiry, 2-9 dm.
upper leaves more or less spreading; blades Ru linear to linear- subulate:
heads corymbose: vanes campanulate-tur inate; bracts stout, the inner ones
Spr.—
CARDUACEAE 1393
101. A. Chapmanii T. & G. Plant perennial: stem rigid, arising from a short
caudex, PE. usually n few slender or nearly filiform branches above:
leaves mainly crowded on the caudex, 1-3 dm. long, glabrous, the linear or
linear-spatulate blades longer or shorter than the pid Mr d ike base, en-
tire, obseurely veined in dr ; lower eauline-leaves nea ike the basal, the
upper gradually reduced to subite flifoun erect ales, d subulate =
MER UA heads E solitary at the ends of the branches; involu d p
panu 7—8 mm. high; braets firm, e ne -lanceolate to broadly linear im
em oblanceolate b acute, sometimes abru uptiy Pu inted: ray-flowers nu-
merous; ligul s 1.5-2 ¢ m. long, ilet. a e glabrous.—Pineland swamps, Ap-
alachicola River region, N Fla. and fare in aa. Fla.—Fall.
E A. tenuifolius L. Plant penc glabrous and fleshy. Stem 3-6 dm
all, flexuous, striate, d least when dry, sparingly and loosely br anched: cauline
en linear, 5-15 e ong, he e, sessile, or slightly elasping at the base, the
lowest jio Tin those of the branches minute, seale-like, appressed :
heads rather few, 12-25 mm. broad, terminating the bra nehes: involucre tur-
binate, about 8 mm. high; bracts lanceolate, acuminate or mucronate, glabrous,
green on the back or tips, appressed, imbri cate in dn t 5 series, the o uter
shorter: ray-flowers numerous; ligules longer than t pi. pale- purple
nearly e: pappus tawny; achene hispid- pubescent, o-nerved.—Salt n d
coast of Fla. to Miss. and Mass.—Sum.-fal
103. A. s El. Plant annual, glabrous, fleshy: stem 3-12 dm. tall, ide
usually much-branche n Du M. usually divergent: cauline leaves lin
to linear- TORRES te, ong, entire, sessile, aeute or ud Or the
lower narrowly ell pie, ne mm. wide, usually petioled, ed of the branches
subulate: heads nu merous, panieled, about 1 em. broa s d
about 6 mm. high; braets linear- subulate, cde ed, imbrie or 4 series:
ray-flowers und ADS hani those of the disk; ligule es ced E 4m
long, longer than the pappus acie somewhat. pubescent.—Mcist or wet soil,
especially in Bon rains, various provi me Fla. to Tex., Kans., an nd
S. C.—Sum.-fall.
104. A. inconspi icuus Less. PEN annual, glabrous or obscurely glandular in
the p ta stem mostly 1 m. tall or less, rather copiously ia above,
the and branches flexuous: alee leaves mostly 1-1.5 dm ; blades
nm or nearly. so, varying to broadest above or a. the aed aeute,
shallowly oae those of the branches much n wer: heads much smaller
than those A. exilis and A. su ae ie tus: mn dec 3.5-5 m
high; ere linear-lanceolate to rowly linear: ray-flowers 20- more
numerous than the pepe da ; ligules mostly pde -lilac, about 2 m ; long—
Edges of ps d salt- marshes, Key West, Fla.—(W. I.)—Fa ae —
Differs from A. pm “th umerous r ray-flowers with small — and- n
A. subulatus in the pm toothed blades of the cauline leaves
105. A. subulatus Michx. Plant annual, glabrous and fleshy: stem 3-18 dm.
tall, paniculately el flexuous above, slightly Ed sometimes 25 mm. in
diameter at the base, but usually smaller: cauline leaves linear- aeons: 5-8
long, acute, aie sessile by a broad or slightly clasping bas , those of
Nets oy small and s ubulate: oie adis s, 6-10 mm
. hi
ee er shorter: ray-flowers
more numerous ree: the disk flowers: ae bd scarcely exceeding the
nearly white, soft, copious pappus : acher ne compressed, minutely pubescent.—
Salt marshes, coast of Fla. to Ala., and N. H.—5u —fall.
A. spinosus Benth. Stem woody at the base, divided into striate pliable
D. green branches, 1-2.5 m. tall, these branches paniculate: leaves incon-
88
1394 CARDUACEAE
spicuous, those of the main branches linear or linear-spatulate, mainly 2—4 em.
long, those of the Mons iere to subulate seales or obsolete, all or some
of them with soft subulat SEDE ines in or above their axils: heads scattered: in-
voluere n 4—4.0 mm. high; pots e late attenuate: PA
flowers few; ligules idi 4 mm. long, whi chen abrous.—Sand flats,
river "valley and moist soil, various a La. to Tex., and Calif.—Late
—wint.— (M ez.)
Ek
&
me
39. DOELLINGERIA Nees. Perennial, relatively tall, aster-like herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades relatively broad, veiny, entire or nearly so. Heads
in a terminal eorymb. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, several-many-
flowered: braets various, the inner scarcely wider than the outer but much
longer. Ray-flowers few or several: corollas with a long tube and a white or
cream-colored ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat and a long tube:
lobes lanceolate. Pappus of 2 distinct series, the outer series of short bristles
or d the inner of elongate capillary bristles.—A bout 5 species, eastern
rth American.—WHITE-TOPPED ASTERS.
Ray -flowers with ‘linear ligules over 10 mm. long: inner bracts E the involucre
acuminate. . D.reticulata.
Ray-flowers with oblong ligules less than 10 mm. long: inner
bracts
de.
Involucral bracts acute or acutish, the inner linear, ciliate
at the tip 2. D. umbellata.
Involucral bcs obtuse, the inner du ipis eciliate. 3. D. humilis.
Achene much flattened, ribbed, over 1 mm. wide. 4. D. infirma.
1. D. pistas (Pursh) Greene. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, fastigiate-corymbose
above: blades of the upper leaves pics to obovate, n or merely acutish,
reticulate: inner bracts of e
6—7 mm. lon [Aster reticulatus Pursh. d—
Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—
Spr.-sum. |
2. D. umbellata (Mill) Nees. Stem 6-25 `
m. tall, corymbose above: blades of the
upper leaves membranous, elliptie, usually
narrowly so, or lin near lanceolate, usually
acu par inner braets of the involuere
3—4 ong: pappus soft. [Aster wmbel-
latus od —Shaded ae and in thickets,
various provinces, Ga. to Ia., Sask., and
Newf.—Sum.-fall.
3. D. humilis (Willd.) Britton. Similar
D. umbellata in habit, but more stocky: blades of the upper leaves shorter,
firm, elliptic, ovate, or ‘oval, ied n bracts of the involucre 4—5 mm. long:
pappus soft. [ Ast er amygda lin . & G.]—Stream-banks and acid swamps,
Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, oh. to Tex., Pa., and N. J.—Sum.-fall.
D. infirma (Michx.) Greene. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, often widely branched:
ean of the upper | cde in 0 Ma varying to broadest ids or below
. long: di
middle, RE ie er bracts of the involucre 3—4 m ng: disk-
e as 3-4 m a p nu ssi id. rast er a Michx. ]—Dry woods =
banks, various poii rarely Coastal Plain, La. to Ala., Tenn., and Mas
Sum.-fall.
CARDUACEAE 1395
40. IONACTIS Greene. Perennial, low, rigid, widely creeping herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire. Heads few in a corymb or rarely
solitary, conspicuously radiate. Involueres
eampanulate to turbinate, many-
bracts narrow, the inner ones eal times
longer than the outer. Ray-flowers several,
with bright-colored elongate ligules. Disk-
corollas yellow, with a slende
Pappus of slender bristles in 2 indistinct
series, the outer bristles the shorter.—Three
species, North American.
I. Pepe (L.) Gre Stem
tufte d, 1.5-6 dm. tall, rough- pubescent: lea.
blades — ‘spatula te ae i 1.5-3
long, seabro argined: ee acts of the ane narrowly linear,
long: ligules Bright. Mo Or ee white, 8-15 mm. long. [Aster linariifolius
L. ]— Exposed Vern dry acid woods, pe plains and pinelands, various
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Me AN um.—
41. ERIGERON L. Annual, biennial, or NIME eaulescent, aster-like
herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes mostly basal: blades entire or toothed.
Heads solitary or numerous, conspicuously PN Involueres broad, many-
flowered: bracts narrow, the inner broader than the outer ones. Ray-flowers
las
numerous: corol with a slender tube and a narrow pink, pe purple, or
white ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat and a usually shorter
tube: lobes deltoid. nthers usually as long as the filaments. EUR short.
Pa of numerous capillary bristles or bristles and scales.—About 130 species,
widely distributed, but most abundant in America.—FLEABANES.
Plant perennial often with rosulate offsets; pappus single.
Heads with 30 ray-flowers or fewer: stem oe -like. I. VERNI.
Heads sid 50 ray-flowers or more: stem leafy.
Ray-flowers less than 75; ligules narrowly 1 linear. II. PULCHELLI.
Ray-flowers over 100; ligules linear-filifor III. PHILADELPHICI.
Plant annual or biennial: pappus double IV. ANNUI.
J. VERNI
Plant glabrous, with a corymb terminating the scape. 1. E. vernus.
I. ULCHELLI
Plant pubescent, with one or several large heads terminating
the stem. 2. E. pulchellus.
III. e
Longer involucral bracts less pre 5 mm. lon ee of the
ray-flowers less than 5 mm. . E. quercifolius.
Longer involueral bracts over 4 n long: ligules of the ray-
fl 's over 5 mm. lon
EN
. E. philadelphicus.
Upper stem-leaves with sharply toothed blades: ray-flowers
with pink, or rarely purplish or white ligules. 5. E.annuus.
Upper stem-jieaves with entire blades: ray-flowers with white
or rarely pale pink ligules. 6
1. E. vernus (L.) T. & G. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades
of the basal leaves spatulate, elliptic X or oval: ray- d. "20-30, white or
. E. ramosus.
1396 CARDUACEAE
pink. [Z. nudicaulis Michx.]—Moist pine-
lands and shallow ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La. and Va.—Spr.-sum. |
pulchellus Michx. oe
sal l obovate, patie or elliptic:
outer bracts of the involucre S
cent; inner bracts acuminate, 5- mm. |
long: ray-flowers 50—65; ligules violet or AEE pro
bluish-purple: disk- corollas 4 mm. lon NU M
[5. Mi Aa Muhl.] — (Roux S-PLAN- SU &
TAIN.)— = ar. various provinces, ^ | :
Fla. to La. s —Spr.
3. E. quercifolius Lám. Stem 1-7 dm
pubescent: blades of the Hen leaves Bec oblanceolate, or ETE p
atifid or sinuate-pinnatifid: involueres manifestly pubescent; inner bracts pro
longed into slender tips: ray-flowers numerous: disk-corollas '3.5-4 mm . long.—
Pinelands, grassy banks, and open woods, -o Plain and adj. provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Tenn., and S. C.— —(W. I.)—Spr.-
4. E. philadelphicus L. Stem 1-12 dm. tall, pd hirsute: blades of the
basal leaves spatulate to oblong, o toothed: outer bracts of the involucre
2:
minutely hispidulous; inner bracts -3 mm. long: ray-flowers 100 or
more; ligules pink or e-purple: isk A 1.5-2 mm CE
fields, and low pastures, ru. provinees, Fla. to Tex., Calif., B. C., Ont
and Lob.— —Spr.-
5. E. annuus (L.) Pers. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, pene pubescent: blades of the
basal leaves ger elliptic, or lanceolate, coars sely toothed or incised: bracts o
the involucre wi ith few long hairs: ligules of the pink, purplish or rarely
white: disk-corollas less than half the length of the larger involucral bracts.—
(DAISY-FLEABANE. SWEET- pid m places, in fields, and thickets,
various provinees, Ga. to Miss. Mo., Man., and N. S.—(W TS um.—Often
a weed.
cent: blades of the basal ee ae e to ere. ee toothed: Tais
: i : oa
pi ‘ :
sir igosus Muhl. E. strigosus Beyrichii A. Gray. I em e
lds, and roadsides, nearly throughout N. A. —Spr.sum.— Commonly a weed.
42, LEPTILON Raf. Annual or biennial, weedy herbs. Leaves al-
ternate: blades narrow, entire or o. toothed. Heads several or numer-
ous, inconspie ios radiate or diseoid. volueres usually eampanulate or
eylindrie, few-flowered: braets very narrow, pn inner mueh longer than the
cuter ones. een ie few: corollas with a very slender tube and a minute
i
tube: lobes deltoid. Pappus of et brittle capillary bristles in 1 series.—
About 20 species, American and Asi
Inner braets of the involucre glabrous or nearly s
Stem usually simple below the inflorescence: Ste -flowers with as ligules.
Ste m-leaves with mainly entire or merely few-toothed e
Pla nt glabrate or hirsute: involucral bracts gree
throu gho ut. 1. L. canadense.
CARDUACEAE 1397
re =| aaa or nearly so: involucral bracts purple
tippec . L. pusillum.
Stem- leaves with mainly pinnatifid or pinnatifid- -toothed
bla . L. bonariense.
bn 1 diffusely branched at the base: ray-flowers with pur-
1gu
2
3
4. L. REA dE
Inner jupe of the involucre copiously pubescent. 5
. L. linifol
l. L. canadense (L.) Britton. Stem dm. tall, paniculate above, pub-
AREE or sparingly hirsute: eaf- eee spatulate t to linear or nearly so, ciliate
pr d ee rus of the
long: disk-corollas 25 x3 ,
m [Erigeron f sis E ( HORSE-
VE BuT on, fields and
waste places, Es Nin the U. S.—
fall.
m2 gall
im
We agii!
IINE T IY
rd
"i. V
wii
LL Hee
WU
mmt
us
d
LET
2. L. pusillum e Britton. Drem as in
L. canadense, but rous or nearl f- EI
blades narrowly drea to linear; pete:
sometime TAi bra he in
voluere 3—4 m ong: disk-eorollas 2.5-3 |
mm. ]lon ng. Fields, roadsides, and waste-
ie Fla. er La., oe ar Mass.— (WV. ?
Mez., C. A., S. 4.)— —fal
3. L. bonariense (L.) Small. Similar to L. n in habit: leaf-blades
finely pubescent: longer pus of the involuere 5-6 mm. long: disk-eorollas
3.5—4 mm. long.—Waste-places, Fla.—Nat. of S. Am — Spr. —fall.
L. divaricatum (Miehx.) R Stem 1-3 dm. tall, diffuse, joue and
somewhat cinereous: leaf- blades us linear to pue late, 1-4.5 em. long,
entire: disk-eorollas less n 3 mm. long. [Erigeron divaricatus Miehx.]—
Dry soil, waste- S i Ae i and fields, various provinces, Ala. to Tex.,
Minn., and Ill.—Sum.-fall.
5. L. linifolium (Willd. Small. Stem racemose or paniculate above, 2-7
dm. tall, hirsute: pid d narrowly spatulate to linear, 1.5-10 em. long,
those of the lowe eised or laciniate: disk-corollas mostly over 3 mm.
long. [Erigeron linifolius will} —Waste- 1 Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.
and S. C.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.) —Spr.-fall
3. BACCHARIS L. Shrubs with much- branched, sometimes fastigiate
stems. Leaves alternate: blades leathery, entire or toothed. Heads dioecious,
often clustered, discoid. Involucres ovoid to campanulat any-flowered:
braets of the staminate involuere smaller than those of the SRI. Corollas
greenish, various, those of the staminate with a funnelform throat and a long
tube, the lobes need: those of the pistilate flowers filiform or slightly ^u-
larged upward. Pappus of the staminate flowers shorter than that of the pistil-
late. Achenes nearly terete, many-ribbed, glabrous.—About 300 species, Ameri-
Leaf-blades broadest above the middle.
eaf-blades entire 1. B. dioica.
Leaf-blades eene toothed.
Inner bracts of the o involucres acute: heads in
pe panicled eluste 2. B. halimifolia.
Inner bracts of the pistillate involucres obtuse: heads
in sessile S nearly sessile axillary clusters. 3. B. dere
Leaf-blades narrowly linear. 4. B. angustifol
1398 CARDUACEAE
: B. dioica Vahl. Shrub 8-25 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate, often broadly
, to obovate-spatul 1-3 em. long: pistillate involucres with ovate-obtuse
outer bracts and Tuned Maneeolate acuminate
r braets: achene 1-1.5 mm. long.—Ham
mocks, Everglade UM Fla.— (W. I. \—All
2, B. halimifolia L. Shrub 9-40 dm. tall,
resinous: leaf-blades ee to e llip-
i hem, at
and Mass.—(W. I., Mex., C. A.)— — Sum. -fall.
3. B. glom piace rs. Shrub 8-30 dm
tall, barely resinous: leaf-blades spatulate to cuneate obovate, 2-5 cm. long,
often oo e othed: pistillate m 5-6 m ong; inner braets oblong-
e 1.5 mm. long.—Salt-marshes dud Eu poe Plain, Fla.
to N .C. a 2d puede in the BONO of the Fla. peninsula— (IV. I.)— —Fa ll-
wint. or all year S.
B. angustifolia Michx. Shrub 5-25 dm. tall, resinous: leaf-blades nar-
rowly linear, 1-8 em. long, entire or nearly so: pistillate involueres 4—5 mm.
long; inner bracts ena achene 1-1.5 mm. long.—(FALSE-WILLOW.)—Salt
marshes, brackish swam and low hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and
N. C— —(W. I.)—Fall or a vear S
44. PLUCHEA Cass. Herbs with often conspicuously pubescent and cam-
phor-scented foliage, or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades usually toothed, often
prominently veined. Heads borne in corymb-like or glomerate cymes. In-
volueres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, rather many-flowered: bracts
unequal, the inner much longer and much narrower than the outer. Flowers
pink to rose-purple. Pistillate flowers marginal: corollas ie Perfect
flowers central: corollas with a funnelform or campanulate throat: lobes tri-
angular lanceolate. Pappus a single series of capillary bristles —About 35
species, in warm and temperate regions.—MARSH-FLEABANES.
Plant perennial.
Leaf-blades entire: stem wo ody. I. ODORATAFE.
Leaf-blades toothed : stem here BUE II. FOETIDAE.
Plant annual.
Leaves not decurrent, the stem terete, not winged. III. CAMPHORATAE
eaves decurrent, the stem thus winged. IV. Sects TEN:
I. ODORATAE
Shrubby much-branched plant with heads in erect rather dense
corymbs. 1. P. odorata.
FOETIDAE
Outer braets of the involucres acuminate.
Leaf-blades broad at the base, and cordate-clasping. 2. P. foetida.
Leaf-blades acute or merely rounded at the base, not clasp-
3. P. tenuifolia.
ng.
Outer TIE of the involucres obtuse or merely acute.
pp d white: upper stem-leaves little shorter than the
4, P. longifolia,
Pus buff: upper stem-leaves much shorter than the
. lower. 5. P. imbricata.
CARDUACEAE 1399
III. CAMPHORATAE
Bracts of the involucre thin, sparingly pubescent. 6. P. petiolata.
Braets of the pu din. thick, densely pubescen
e. cres 4-5 mm. high; inner bracts Sbrubdy Cd UNE y ME con EM ALTE
Involuecres 6-8 im . high; inner bracts long-acuminate. 8. P. camphorata
IV. SUBDECURRENTES
Erect herb with corymbosely branched stem, the branches
winged as well as the stem : leaf-blades shallowly toothed. 9. P. Quitoc.
1. P. odorata Cass. Plant mostly 1 m. tall or less: leaf-blades elliptic or
nearly so, 8-15 cm. long: inner bracts of the involueres 3.5—4 mm. long, obtuse.
Hammock
pom ——— L3
€ Ia
——
[Ir
=
Soon -
H mos : az
"tu ene
tA tyes Pa
moc
and the Ke
Meg., C. A., 8. 4A.) —Spr.-sum
P. foetida (L.) DC. Plant 3-10 dm
MN
sty o d
or ovate, 3 š
veined, denticulate or Ru S T om-
inently gland-tipped teeth: inner b of
the involucre mostly 4-5 mm. long. [P.
bifrons DC.]—Low grounds and shallow
ponds, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla.
to Tex. Mo., and N. J—(W. I. Mez.)—
Spr.-sum. or all year
3. P. tenuifolia Small. Plant 4-11 dm. tall, Au — thinly iubens ent:
leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 4—12 ong, thin, finely veined,
sharply and coarsely serrate with sli ightly PURIS ed inner braets of the
La.—Sum.-fall.
involuere 5-6 mm. long.—Pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to
4. P. longifolia Nash. Plant 6-10 dm. tall: leaf- oe elliptic, 5-16 cm.
long: os bracts of the involucre 7-19 mm. long: staminate corollas 6.5—7.5
—Swamps, Fla.—Sum.
5. P. imbricata (Kearney) pem Plant 9-25 dm. tall: leaf-blades ov dd
elliptie to iur pedi ovate, 3-6 cm. long: inner bracts of the involucre 6-7 m
long: staminate corollas 5-6 mm. ong ——Swamps and pond-borders, Coastal
Plain, Fla. 35 Ga. and S. C.—Sum.-fal
E P. petiolata Cass. Plant t 5-12 dm. tall: leaf- a mainly elliptic, 8-25
. long: outer bracts of the involucre ovate; intermediate bracts acuminate.
[P. oe DC. E om Duc swamps and dd various provinces, Fla. to
, Kans. and —Sum.—fall.
du UP. eerie Su DC. Plant 3-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades Mic lanie eos
n 7 elliptic, 4-10 c long: outer a c the involucre ovate, acute; inter
e bracts dup. pointed.—Ham s and moist sandy thickets, "Coastal
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—(W. I., Mer., E A., S. A.)—Sum.-fall.
8. P. camphorata (L.) DC. Plant 3-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic or
lanceolate, 3—15 cm. long: outer bracts of the involucre elliptic, acute: inter-
mediate bracts e —Salt marshes, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Pla:
to Tex. and Mass.—(Mex.)
P. Quitoc DC. Plant 7-20 dm. tall: leaf- uie d elliptic, it
late or linear-lanceolate, E 16 em. long: outer braets of the involuere obtu
Marsh places, W Fla.—Nat. of trop. Am.—Spr.—fa "n
à
1400 CARDUACEAE
P. adnata (H. & B.) C. Mohr, Mexiean, with winged stem and branches: nar-
rowly laneeolate leaf-blades; lanceolate- -acuminate involucral bracts; and said
to have a perennial rootstock has been reported as adventive on ballast in Ala.
45. CHSIA Griseb. Perennial, inconspicuously pubescent, slender
herbs. Leaves alternate, mostly basal: blades toothed. Heads scattered in open
corymbs. Involucres campanulate: bracts
very unequal, the inner much longer and
somewhat narrower than the outer. Flowers
yellow, the ipid marginal: corollas fili-
form. Per wer la
t flo central: corol r- À
rowly E funnelform: lobes ovate. Pap-
pus a single series of icd slender bristles.
—Four species, West India
S. bahamensis Urban. Plant 1-6 dm.
tall; eae of the et leaves firm, spatu-
lat long, those of the stem-leaves
mu ic ade unt E braets
various, the outer membra ~ inner
chaffy, 5-6 mm. long, very narr aly “lin
o 2.5 mm. long.—Pine eer iverglade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.
(W. I.)—Spr.-sum,
46. PTEROCAULON Ell. Perennial, tomentose or woolly, stout herbs.
ns alternate: blades entire or shallowly toothed, decurrent. Heads borne
ontiguous or separated glomerate cymes
Mur eres rather narrow, densely Aono
bracts unequal, the inner narrower than the
outer. Pistillate flowers marginal: corollas
filiform. Perfect flowers centr i corollas
with a funnelform throat and a
of Nic bristles. SO dit id Cass.]
t 12 species, mostly American
1. P. undulatum (Walt. C. Mohr. Plant
2-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic to rd
late, 4—12 em, long, undulate: pii 0-4
mm. high: flowers whitish or cream, lobes. d the staminate corollas linear.—
[P. pycnostachya (Michx.) 1. ]—(Br oor.)—Pinelands, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-fall — The "thick k black root gives this plant its
common name.
47. ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Perennial woolly, stoloniferous herbs.
Leaves epee, those of the short caudex different from those of the flower-
g stem: blades entire. Heads in a terminal cluster, or rarely solitary. In
volueres lub e to campanulate, many-flowered: bracts with petaloid tips,
those of the ae involueres larger than those of the pistillate. Flowers
whitish, dioecious or polygamo-dioecious. Pappus-bristles united at the base.—
CARDUACEAE 1401
About 50 species, natives of the north temperate zone and southern South
America.—Spr.— EVERLASTINGS. LADIES '-TOBACCOS.
Heads corymbose or racemose: stolons more or less ascending and distantly leafy,
their leaves gradually increasing in size towards the ends, with oblanceolate or
spatulate blades.
Pistillate heads 6-8 mm. hi igh : staminate Em 5-7 mm. high.
Blades of the basal 1 leaves obovate or ov 1. A. P ous
Blades of the basal leaves oblanceolate. 2. A. carolinia
pee heads 9-12 mm. high: staminate heads 6-8 mm.
Blades of the basal leaves broadest below the middle,
ge subcoriaceous: pistillate heads rather long-
peduncled, in age often racemose
Er of the basal leaves mostly broadest above the
m thin: pistillate heads short-peduncled,
orym
Heads ouy. sions prostrate, their leaves, except those
of e rmn rosette, with small or inconspicuous linear
3. A. calophylla.
4. A. fallax.
D. A. solitaria.
A. p inifolia (L.) Richards. Basal leaves 5-9 long; blades
"de bises the petioles, 1.5—4 cm d oí floccose, but. in age radiate
ate
—Dry soil, various Dione Fla. pex
Me.
1
rae and —Spr.—A. nemor h
E Tenn. with thinner more rounded leaf -blades may Ms here; pistillate
plant unknown.
flowering stem of pistillate plants 6-20 em
tall of the staminate Fe em. tall: pistil-
late heads corymbose, 6-8 mm. high, floccose
at the base; braets ERN lanceolate, acute,
p
A. decipiens Greene A. arkansana Greene]
l
2. A. caroliniana paige Basal leaves 4-8 em. long; blades often longer than
the petioles, 1-2 cm. Le loosely nd but soon glabrate above, white-
tomentose M oblanceolate, rounded to acutish at the apex, ciun ly
tapering at the base, distine etly 3- ribbe d; blades of the stem-leaves linear-
n :
lanceolate, acuminate meis d. stem 1-1.5 dm. tall: he ads cuti ud e, Short-
peduneled; the pistillate 6—7 m br fates den linear- lanceolate, 2
greenish or brownish below whit at t ; Staminate heads
tip; abou
high, their braets yellowish, with clliptie, Girne. white tips.—Dry soil nm
Plain and Piedmont, Ala. to S. C.—Spr.
3. A. calophylla Greene. NS us leaves 5—10 cm. long: blades usually as
long as the petioles, 2-5 em. long, loosely floceose above, but glabrate in age,
finely and densel white-tomentose beneath, broadly ovate or all
middle
contracted at the base, subcoria aceous. in age, earn 3—5-ribbed: blades of
es vA linear-lanceolate, acuminate: flow ing stems of pistillate plants
3—4 all: h 0-12 mm high, corymb a r ften racem the
peduncles 1-3 cm. 1 bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
he b at the tip: minate
7-8 mm. high, dark-brown below, with elliptic or oval white tips.—Wooded hills,
M n ‘provinces, La. (or Ga. 2) to Okla., Ill., and Ky.— ‘Spr.
1402 CARDUACEAE
A E fallax age Basal leaves 5-9 cm. long; blades sometimes shorter
n the petioles, 2-4 cm. wide, loosely floecose and glabrate above, densely
and closely e tomentose beneath, obovate-spatulate, rounded and mueronate
r aeutish at pex uptly narrowed at the base, distinctly 3—5-ribbed
blades of the stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, aeuminate: flowering stem of pistil-
late ns s e tall, that of the staminate 1—1.5 dm. tall: pistillate heads
9-12 mm. high, corymbose, the peduncles rarely 2 em. long; bracts of the
c em linear- "lanceolate, acuminate, brownish e Mens at the tip: stami-
nate heads 6-7 mm. high, corymbose, their rasta ight-brown or greenish-brown
pde the elliptie ped white tips. [4.4 ns (Greene) Fernald. Deb ods
fields, v m provinces, rarely Coastal a Ga. to Mo., Minn., and
The leaf-blades are broader and more rounded at the apex in "the SEN form
than in the no Dnm
5. A. solitaria Rydb. Basal leaves 4-10 em. long; blades much longer than
the Pe 1.5-4 em. wide, somewhat floccose above when young, in age
minutely tomentulose beneath, obovate to oblanceolate-spatulate, ree att
apex, distinctly 3—ribbed; blades of the stem-leaves linear to elli ipti ed
tall: hea
attenuate, pu us is own exeept the ver pu un es heads smaller; braets
often wine-colored, i the brownish-white spatulate ips.—Wooded slopes,
often in rather acid soil, coma Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to La., Ind., and
a ï.
48. ANAPHALIS DC. Perennial, M cai bp ereet herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire. Heads terminal corymb.
app
producing flowers distinct, that of the sterile
flowers not thickened at the apex.—About 35
species, natives of the north temperate zone.
l. A. margaritacea (L.) Ben & Hook.
Plant woolly, 2-8.5 dm tall: dus e
linear , 5-15 m. long, attenu-
te: involueres pearly white; outer bracts
elliptic, th er spatulate: staminate
corollas lon ( Y-EVER-
mm ng.—( PEARL
LASTING.)—Dry woods, hillsides, and clear-
ings, in sterile and often somewhat acid soil, various provinces, in Coastal Plain
only N, N. C. to Alas., Ont., and Newf.
49. GNAPHALIUM L. Annual, biennial, or perennial, pubescent herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades entire, sometimes decurrent. Heads in open or glo-
merate cymes, panicles, or corymbs. Involucres ovoid to cylindric, several-
an
many-flowered: bracts various, the inner longer and es narro t th
outer. Flowers white or cream. Pistillate flowe ers inal: corollas filiform.
Perfect flowers central: PEN with a cylindric- id ada throat and a
slender tube: lobes ovate to d toid. Anthers mostly longer than the filaments.
Fappus a series of M iE ists —About 120 species, widely distributed.—
Sum.—CUDWEEDS. EVERLASTI
Pa
CARDUACEAE 1403
Pappus-bristles distinct, falling away separately : achene glabrous. I. ORTUSIFOLIA.
Pappus-bristles united at the base, falling away together: achene
pubescent. II. PURPUREA.
I. OBTUSIFOLIA
Leaf-blades merely sessile.
Foliage pubescent, not viscid.
1. G. FER aida
Foliage fiandular -viscid. 2. G. Hel
Leaf-blades decurrent on the stem. 3. G. rem
II. PURPUREA
Leaf-blades manifestly more pubescent beneath than above,
spatulate, sometimes broadly so.
Leaf-blades thin: stem cobwebby: involucre-elusters co-
piously woolly 4. G. spathulatum.
Leaf-blades thick : -stem E une woolly or felty: involucre-
clusters sparingly woolly. 5. G. purpureum.
ces almost SML Md pubescent on 213 sides, linear-
atulate below, linear or mostly so abov 6. G. falcatum.
G. obtusifolium L. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: eauline leaves 2-10 em. long;
eoa elliptic-linear to UR En DUREE nenne glabrous or glabrate: heads
W | | NANA
oe
R
ay
ez | tal
een
2 : : =
high ; outer bracts acute. [G. decurrens Ives, not tL. ] Dry soil, oo of Due
and clearings, Blue Eee and more N provinces, Tenn. to Tex., Ariz., B. C.,
S., and Pa.—Sum.-fal
corym M od -panieulate nvolue
high; ner bracts | ave 5 e.
pu Miehx.] — ABBIT-TOBACCO.)—
ds, Ids, and thickets, various D
inces, Fla. to Te x; Man., and N. S.
fall.
2. G. Helleri Britton. Plant 2-9 ote tall:
i a s Ku unda 3-11 em. long:
5-6 hi outer eee ob-
a. S no weeds sere provinces, Ga.
to Miss. | Ky, and N. J. popu fall.
4, spathulatum ra Plant thinly gray-pubescent, 2-4 dm. tall: leaf-
blades spatulate, 2-8 em. long: outer bracts of the involucre broadly linear.—
te-places, cult. gr outs roadsides, and pastures, Coastal Plain and Pied-
Hen Fla. to Tex— (W. I. )—Spr. —fal
G. purpureum L. Plant white-woolly or silvery, 1-4 dm. tall: leaf-blades
spatulate to linear, 2-8 cm. long: heads in sessile axillary clusters, these in
virgate o outer bracts of the Pe elliptie.—W oods, cult. grounds,
d pp d. various s provinces, Fla. to Tex., Kans., and Me.—(W. I.,
Uo “e: á., S. A.)—Spr
G. falcatum Lam. Plant more slender than in G. purpureum, Ri
m -woolly, 1—4 dm. tall: leaf-blades usd Mi to linear, 2-6 c
r bracts of the involuere elliptic- —Pinelands and cult. AERA
Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. D "Te ex. and Tenn.—(S. 4.)—4A1l year.
G. uliginosum L. related to the species of group I in its distinct pappus.
bristles; differing from them in its low diffuse UM and the a ©
capitate inflorescence, has been reported from Ten
FACELIS Cass. Annual, small, pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate:
arene narrow, entire. Heads borne in the axils or in terminal clusters. In-
inner bracts much narrower and longer than
out Flowers whitish, the pistillate
flowers marginal: corollas slender, truncate
erfec
numerous very long capillary bristles con-
ereted at the base.—About 3 species, South
American.
1. F. apiculata Cass. Plant 2-20 cm. tall,
lanate: Ps doi. eed spatulate t t8 linear,
long: involuere nar
bracts 5-7. o mm. long: achene pedi D. Saad ides ree waste- Db Coastal
Plain and Piedmont, Fla., Ala., and Ga.—Nat. of S S. —Sum.—fal
GIFOLA Cass. Annual, caulescent herbs uus xod:
Pene alternate: blades narrow, entire. Heads discoid, in small dense, some-
times diria clusters. Involucres nar-
se : bracts scarious, in several series.
ane en subulate to conie, chaffy.
ers whitish, the pistilate marginal, fruit-
producing, with filiform corollas and rudi-
mentary or no pappus. Perfect flowers cen-
tral, few, with tubular corollas and capillary
pappus. Anthers sagittate at the base.
Achene terete or slightly flattened.—About
10 species, in warm and temperate regions.
an
1. G. germanica (L.) peta Ms sil-
very-p , 5-35 em. tall stem or
branches usually proliferous UU leaves
numerous, erect; blades lanceolate to linear, 1-2 cem. long, acute: involucre
-3.5 mm. high; bracts ovate-lanceolate to age eee acumi PA ee
cuspidate: achene about 0.8 mm. long.—(HERBA-IMPIA. meres -ROSE.)—
fields Rie m -places, varions provinces, Ga. to N. Y.— of Eu.—Spr fall
INOPSIS T. & G. Annual or sometimes un woolly
herbs. po alternate: blades entire, commonly narrow. Heads in dense
involuerate clusters, discoid. n agr
broad: inner bracts longer than the outer (Qi le
ones. Flowers whitish, the pistilate margi-
nal, with filiform corollas. Perfect flowers
few: corollas with a cylindraceous or nar-
rowly funnelform throat and a narrow tube.
appus wanting.—About 12 species, natives
of warm and temperate regions.
F. nivea Small. Plant 2-15 cm. tall,
whitish: ed blades E to opu iic aA |
late, 5-12 mm. long: bracts of the involucre WX
bar arely 2 mm. ae or en pce pe as
less than 1.5 mm. long. [Filago nivea
1404 CARDUACEAE
volueres ellipsoid to ovoid, few-flowered: | TR
CARDUACEAE 1405
l.]—(PovERTY-WEED. RABBIT-TOBACCO.)—Dry plains or 7 soil, Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex. Naturalized E.—Spr.-
53. INULA L. Perennial, often large, pale-pubescent herbs. Leaves
alternate: blades broad, toothed, often clasping. Heads in open panicles or
corymbs, ann long peduneles, usually showy. Involuere hemispheric,
very many-flowered: bracts, at least the outer ones broad, somewhat foliaceous.
Ray-flowers numerous: corollas with a long tube and a narrow elongate yellow
ligule. Disk-flowers numerous: corolla with narrowly funnelform throat
above a narrow tube with a dilated base:
lobes lanceolate. Anthers longer than the
filaments. Achene columnar, ribbed. Pap-
pus of several or many ecapilldry scabrous
bristles.—About 90 species, Eurasi and
African
lenium L. Stem, 2 m. tall or less,
te o
oval, e inner m Lr about 2 em. long: ligules yellow, narrowly linear,
2-3 em. long: achen ong, finely ribbed.—( ELECAMPANE. wo
fencer -TOWS, d Adde, various province N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Mo., Ont
a N.S. Nat. of Eu—Sum
54. VICOA Cass. Annual or perennial herbs with much-branched stems.
Leaves alternate: blades narrow, shallowly toothed, at least the upper ones
auricled at the ase and clasping. Heads several or numerous, often radiate,
rather Ap led. Involucre hemispheric-campanu late, many-flowered:
bracts very narrow, numerous ay-flowers few: eorolla with a very slender
tube and a or rather n ligule. Disk-
flowers numerous: corolla with a slender
tube and an elongate cylindric throat: lobes
triangular-lanceolate. Anthers longer than
the filaments. Achene cylindric, not ribbed.
Pappus of few capillary bristles—About 8
species, Asiatic and African.
l. V. auriculata C Annual, 1 m. tall
r less, widely branched, finely pubescent
a artly viscid ride e laneeolate to
elliptic-lanceolate, - .1l
0
toothed: heads ones involuere 4—4.5
acumin ate, sparingly P pubescent, ciliate: ligules yellow, rather ob-
cuneate, about 3 m ong: achene about 0.8 mm. long, pubescent: pappus-
1406 | CARDUACEAE
bristles several times longer than the achene.—Waste-plaees and roadsides, WwW
Fla. Nat. of E. I.—Sum.
55. ULARIA Godr. & Gren. Perennial, much-branched, partly
woody plants. Leaves alternate: blades rather narrow, toothed, clasping, more
or less kon at the base. Heads numer-
ous, nieled, short-pedunecled. Involucre
Bd Me many-flowered: braets narrow,
coroll
h
of a cylindric-ellipsoid type, not ribbed.
Pappus of several capillary scabrous bristles.
—About 3 species, Eurasian and African.
1. C. viscosa (Ait.) Godr. & Gren. Ste
1 m. tall or less, chap bes e leaf- blades elliptic to lanceolate or linear
lanceolate, 2-12 ¢ ong, serrate, sessile: involucre 8-9 mm. high, gla andular ;
m. cts ovate to Fae or linear-spatulate, the inner 6-7 mm. long, short-acumi-
e: ligules yellow, Re s 1 mm. lon ng: achene narrowly ellipsoid or slightly
is Te upward, abou . long, finely pubescent.—Roadsides and waste-
places, W Fla. N at. of "giu. Sum fall.
56. SMALLANTHUS Mackenzie. Perennial herbs. Leaves opposite:
blades very broad, palmately veined. Heads conspicuously radiate. Involuere
large, the outer series of bracts folia-
eeous, the inner narrower. Ray-flowers
conspicuous, the corollas with pubescent
tubes and don ng yellow ligules. Disk-flow-
ers i short abortive ovaries, the corol-
t
with cylindraceous throats and short,
ciliate lobes. Stigma slender, 2o DaS
under the appendage. Achene somewhat
laterally compressed, oblique, finely striate.
—One species.
OS.
SS
€
=
=
Z
27
"14
kez
ATM
Satt
MENS
1. S. Uvedalia (L. ) Mackenzie. Stem 1
t
`
`
N K7
r angled:
ovate to elliptic, es mm. long: ray-flowers with yellow ligules 15-20 m
long: achene 5-6 long. Pa Uvedalia (L.) Small]— (BEAR.
FOOT. )—Rich soil, edges of woods, thickets, and stream-banks, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Mo. . Y.—Sum.—fall.
57. POLYMNIA L. Perennial, widely D inenen herbs. Leaves op-
posite or mainly so: blades broad, pinnately veined. Heads adu Rd
radiate. Involucre small, double, the outer series of bracts loose, the inner
ones variously shaped. Ray-flowers inconspicuous, the corollas i pubescent
CARDUACEAE 1407
tubes and white, greenish, or pale-yellow, wide ligules. Disk-flowers with long
abortive ovaries, the corollas with broadly funnelform ads and relatively
Sti h
long, ciliate lobes igma stout, thickened under the tip. nther-body
eae than the appendage. Achene slightly mu not oblique,
cibbed, with a rounded tip. Pappus wanting.—About 10 species,
Bar du cR iieudn PS
Foliage manifestly or copiously pubescent: achene 3-ribbed or angled.
Ray lon 1
-flowers evident; ligules 5~10 mm. long. . P. radiata
R wers inconspicuous ; ligules 1-2 mm. lon D canadensis.
Foliage glabrous or the stem with merely a nodes:
achene 5-ribbed. 3. P. laevigata.
radiata (A. Gray) Small. Stem 5-15 dm. tall: leaves 1.5-3 dm. lon g;
blades “elliptic to oval or elliptic-ovate: intermediate bracts of the involucre
long-acuminate: ligules of the ray
ins conspicuous cuneate to oval- rA
b
achene about 5 mm. long, sharp-angled.—
Rich woods, often over E roeks,
s provinees N of Coastal Plain, Ga.
to p ges a N. Y.
. P. canadensis L. Stem 5-15 dm. tall:
leaves 1-2 dm. long; blades elliptie, MA
ovate: intermediate o of the
lue eost -acuminate: ligules of the pus
greenish As Mercer ineonspieuous, PE ae
mis achene 3 mm. lon
ang led a pde s ravines, ‘ties,
and aul us provinces, rarely Coa
tal Plain, La. to Mo., Ont., and Vt.
P. laevigata Beadle. Stem 5-12 dm. tall: leaves 1-2.5 dm. long; blades
oval to ovate or deltoid: intermediate bracts of the e acute: ligules of
the ray, white, broad: achene barely 3 mm long.—Mt. Tos in somewhat
acid soil over ‘siliceous ated Apnea: Plateau, Ga. 2d Ten
58. ACANTHOSPERMUM Schrank. Annual, coarse herbs. Leaves
opposite: blades broad, toothed. Heads un dier oe radiate. Involuere
Pih bracts of the inner series becoming bur-like, each one surrounding an
ene. Ligu los of the ray-corollas concave or hooded, deed inconspicuous
ui short pubeseent tubes. Disk flowers with long abortive ovaries, the corollas
with campanulate throats. short tubes, and lobes. Achene slightly flattened,
fusiform or obovoid, smooth. Pappus wanting.—About 3 species, tropical
American.—Spr.—fall
Involucral bracts uni iformly prickly : oan not broadly winged. 1. A. australe.
Es dem wing-petioled, incised: involucral bracts 3-4 mm.
2. A. humile.
ion ae sessile by a cuneate base: involucral bracts 4-5
. lon 3. A. hispidum,
A. australe (L.) Kuntze. Stem branched at the base, the branches
prostrate or creeping: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or rhombic, 1-2.5 em. long: disk-
1408 CARDUACEAE
iUos about 2 d long: mature involuere
starfish-like.—Pinelands, waste-grounds, and
roadsides, Coastal Plain DA aa Fla.
to La., and Va. Nat. of trop. A
2. A. humile (Sw.) DC. Stem or branches
erect or ascending: leaf- blades prd das
on dis
A. ps DC. Stem erect, 1 m. tall or
Ee widely cuc leaf-blades ovate,
liptie, or oval, 3-5 m. long, obtuse, ied
lowly toothed, Con omis pubeseent, mor
r less euneate at the base, m
involuere eampanulate:
braets (outer) ‘elliptic to ovate, long-ciliate: mature
involucre similar to those of A. humile.—Roadsi des, dd
ands, and ue Bod Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala., and Ga. Nat. of
Am.—(W. I., Mer, C. A., S. A.).
59. SILPHIU
Perennial, erect, usually large herbs. Leaves al-
ternate or opposite:
L.
blades entire, toothed, or dnd or pedately parted,
cre campanulate or hemi-
‘i Ligules of the ray-
tube Disk-flowers with
seek tubes, dude throats, and short
lobes. Achene conspicuously a winged. Pappus of two awns beside the
apical teeth of the wings, which usually form a U- or V-shaped sinus, or wanting.
—More than 30 species, North American.—ROSIN-WEEDS. S
erect.
Spherie, many-flowered: bra cis e relatively m.
corollas yellow or rarely white, den A , the ort.
ROSIN-PLANT
wr E or their petiole-like bases connate-perfoliate: stem square, sharply
led. I. PERFOLIATA.
Leaf- blades n connate-perfoliate : stem terete or obtusely
uadran
Plants Br. Scape flower-stems, the leaves ba
r the base of the stem E leaf-blades pinnately or
pedately parted or lobed, or very coarsely toothed.
Heads borne in a raceme 2 m to e stem, very
large, the involucre 3—4 cm. wide.
Heads borne in terminal effuse or diffuse panicles, or
Mo c solitary, relatively small, the involuere
II. LACINIATA.
—3 c e. III. COMPOSITA.
Plants with leafy flower-stems : leaf-blades toothed or en-
re.
Bracts of 2r involucre ciliate, otherwise glabrous or
nearly s
Bracts of the involucre with pubescent surfaces as well
as ciliate margins.
IV. DENTATA.
V. INTEGRIFOLIA.
I. PERFOLIAT
Tal often much-branched plant, with a sour - and
finely rough-pubescent toothed leaf-blades 1. S. perfoliatum.
LACINIATA
bi with yellow ligules: Wines of the achene pro-
onged into short lacerate teeth. 2. S. laciniatum.
III. Composit
Penne. TOM small, the involucre less us 2 em.
Blades of the basal leaves coarsely toothed or some-
imes also “shallowly lobed. 3. S. reniforme.
CARDUACEAE
Blades of the basal leaves deeply lobed or parted:
Blades oH pedately lobed: involucre about 1.
em.
Blades s pinnately lobed or pinnate: involucre 1-1.5
Heads small; involucre about 1 mm. broad.
Leaf-blades very scabrous: bracts of the
involucre with spreading or recurved tips.
Leaf-blades smooth or nearly so: bracts of
the involucre with erect or appressed tips.
Heads rather large: involucre about 2 em. broad.
Basal a with Pu as long as the
ades longer: apical tips of the
Achene me obtus
Basal leaves with Dooies oy half as
long as the blades: eal tips of the
achene-wings acute.
Heads large, the involucre e 2 em. broad: ligules of
e ray-flowers 1. Cu long
Leaf-blades merely t oothed.
uter bracts of the involucre broader than long:
leaf-blades narrowed at the base
Outer bracts of the involucre aé than broad:
leaf-blades cordate.
Leaf-blades pinnatifid, except a form with narrow
undulate-toothed or undulate leaf-blades,
IV. DENTATA
Leaves, at least on the lower part of the stem, whorled
in threes.
Leaves alternate or opposite, often both on the same
plant.
Blades of the basal and lower V leaves narrowed
a e base; those of the upper cauline leaves
short-petioled or sessile,
Stem smooth and glabrous or essentially so, ex-
cept sometimes near the to
Leaf-blades smooth ex
slightly scabrous.
Leaves regularly disposed along the stem;
blades smoo
Leaves "nainiy crowded at the base of the
stem ; blades seabrous nr is edges.
Leaf-blades very POEM pubes
Leaf-blades entir
the margins, or
Leaf-bl see coarsely toothed.
Stem e ent.
Lea mam cauli ine, often numerous on the
ot
haped sinus at the top,
wings produced into two teeth
above the
Leaves a ous, usually
scattered along “the pe ofte en rallies
close together; blades short-petioled
or sessile.
Leaves few, usually remote on the stem ;
blades of the upper ones, m petiole-
like b wer ones more or
1 a
Achene truncate at the apex, the very nar-
rov wings not produced into teeth at the
ex.
leno: mainly basal or approximate at the
base of the stem, the stem with few re-
mote opposite or alternate leaves, often
oe -like: achenes with large api ical
Blades”
toothed: achenes 7-8 m ng.
Blades of the a leaves v toothed :
achenes 9-10 m ng.
m of the basal and low ra cauliüs leaves cordate
r truncate at the base; those of the upper elie
leaves manifestly petioled.
89
the basal enn Acn coarsely
1409
. S. compositum.
e
Uo
. lapsuum.
. S. orae.
T. S. ovatifolium.
oo
e
. S. venosum.
. S. rumicifolium.
10. S. terebinthinaceum.
11. S. pinnatifidum.
n
bo
. S. térifoliatum.
13. S. glabrum.
14. S. confertifolium.
15. S. Elliottii,
16. S. dentatum. |
17. S. Asteriscus.
v
RA
22.
S. Simpsonii.
. S. nodum.
S. incisum.
. S. gracile.
S. brachiatum.
1410. CARDUACEAE
babe ite:
Stem pubescent with short, stiff hai often very rough.
Upper leaves sessile, cordate or ae
Achenes with very short apical tec i the sinus
broadly U-shaped. 23. S. asperrimum.
Bo es with long apical teeth, the sinus narrowly
aped. 24. S. integrifolium.
MR leaves narrowed or rounded at the base, short
pe 25. S. scaberrimum.
Stem ES t east above, and involucral braets shaggy-hispid
spl
Dolac bracts appressed towards the base: leaf-
blades relatively narrow 26. S. Gatesii.
Involucral bracts loose and spreading: leaf-blades
relatively broad. (. S. Mohrii.
1. S. e L. Stem 8-26 dm. tall, often er aboy oth
and glabrou pee blades jube to ovate, 2- 6 dm. long, dentate- RE SUC
i n us owed into is ad petiole-like.
bases: heads mobs involuere 1-2 c igh,
posi than high; braets pts lanceolate
or oval, subreniform, or the inn
broadly spatulate or cuneate: ray-flow nus
mostly 15-25; ligules bright yellow, 2.5—3
em. l achen
ong: a obovate, narrowly winged,
lo 2 emarginate by slight pro-
T of the w at the apex -
PLANT.)—Prairies and moist soil, various
provinces, Ga. to La., Ont., and Neb. Also
naturalized E.—Sum
. S. laciniatum L. Stem 10-35 dm. tall,
coarsely hispid: blades of the o leaves
ovate to elliptie in outline, 10—40 em. lon
the segments lanceolate to linear, m re or pinnatifid, ii dilated bases of the
petioles often pinnatifid: heads showy: involucre 2.5-3 em. high; bracts pied
e -
a
rs numerous; Nue yellow, 3-5.5 e ong: ud oval-obovate
Rie 12-15 long, the wings a forming shallow apical
n m OMPASS- a RosIN-WEED.)—Prairies, various poni. Ala.
Tex., S. Dak., and Ohio.—Sum
S. reniforme Raf. Stem 8-20 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of
the basal leaves ovate to reniform, 10—35 em. long, obtuse, coarsely dentate,
deeply cordate at th ee petioles longer than the blades on the lower part
of th involuere cam , 6-8 gh; br e or broadi
elliptie js elliptie, pn otherwise glabrous, the obtuse tips spreading or re-
curved: ray-flo vic eral; A ules yello w, 1-1.5 em. long: ac chene E
or orbicular-obova o long; wing-tips forming a shallow ees sinus.—
Dry or stony soil, "Blue Ridge, N. C. and d nn shale slopes, Va.—
4, S. compositum Michx. Stem 9-20 dm. tall, glabrous, glaucous: blades
of the basal leaves 10—30 em. long, not conspicuously veined, mostly somewhat
pedately parted, the segments broad; pe etioles ge than the midribs: heads
often numerous: in d eampanulate, 7-8 m um br d ovate to broadly
ips erec
several; ligules bright yellow 1 mm. ong: ne a eate or cuneate-
| obovate, 7—9 mm. long, the wing- tips broad, erose, pests a U-shaped ae
si poen] wood and pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Ala.,
Tenn., and N. C.—Sum.—fall.
CARDUACEAE 1411
S. lapsuum er Stem 9-22 dm. tall , glabrous, green or glaucescent:
blades of the basal leaves es ifid or pi € parted, the segments coarsely
toothed or pinnatifid, usu ery scabrous on both sides, the lower c often
m. -stalked: heads few pi several: involuere hemisphere 8—10 high;
aets 'orbieular-ovate to obovate or orbieular-obovate, hie. ziliolate, often
un the tips spreading or recurved: ray-flowers mostly 6-8; ligules 8-1 ;
long: vate, 8-0 mm. lo j
o.
B
U-shaped sinus. Sandhills and oak-woods, Coastal Plain and Piedmont, near
the Fall Line, Ga., and 8. C.—Sum
S. orae Small. Stem 6-21 dm. tall, glabrous, glaueeseent: blades of the
ap 3 N y
yellow, 11-16 mm. long: achene obovate to iu e M e, 6-7 mm. long,
the wing-tips toothed, forming a small U-shaped sinus at the top — Sa ndy
woods, Coastal Plain, S. C. to N. C.—Sum
k S. ovatifolium (T. & G.) Small. Stem 5-20 dm. tall, glabrous or eid
0, m blades of the basal leaves ovate to elliptie-ovate, 10—30 e
long o ely lobed or ri parted, the Sidi ba toothed, rou ded a or
rM longer than midribs on the low pr of the : involuere
em m or hemisph m campanu late, about I? high; eges ovate to
ud a or elliptic-obovate, ciliolate, rounded 5) the Ds the tips erect
or nearly so: ray- Todd several; ligules yellow, 1—1.5 em. long: achene sub-
cd about 10 mm. broad; "the wi ing-tips urn bum footed. pes a
usually y- -shaped sinus ae ey od Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ga.—Spr.-sum.
S. venosum Small. Stem.8-12 dm. tall, zin or nearly so, glaucous
blades of the basal leaves ate to elliptic, 9-30 cm. long, conspicuously a
veined epl ud as or pinnately parted, the gen linear to linear-
LÀ Ld e
lades, gies d he base: heads few, showy, corymbose: involuere
campanulate, about 1 e ee bracts ovate or broadly elliptic to orbicular-
oval, or spa d rounded at the apex, ciliol E ray-flowers several; ligules
yellow, 1-1.5 em. long: achene dendi dun or rhombic-orbicular about 10 mm.
long, the wing-tips formi die : narrow U-shaped sinus, nearly entire.—Pinelands,
Coastal Plain, Ga.—Spr.-
9. S. rumicifolium Small Stem 4-8 = tall: blades of the basal leaves
elliptie to elliptie- p = obovate, 9-15 cm. long, jos at the apex, repand-
undulate, smooth, r ined above, rather cuneate at the base; petioles shorter
than the blades tated E sheathing at the base: ee hemispheric, fully
d; bracts various, the outer suborbicular, broader than long, the
inner broadly elliptic to cuneate or spatulate, rounded a y-flower
addas ligules yellow, 1.5-2 : g: achene cuneate to elliptic-obovate, 9—10
—
o
is .
Q
narrowly winged, nearly a or slightly notched at the d —Dry,
sterile soil, in the puedo ‘Valley near Knoxville, Tenn.—Sum.—fal
10. S. terebinthinaceum Jacq. Stem 9-30 dm. tall: blades of the basal
leaves ovate to elliptic, 9-60 em. long, coarsely dentate, with more or less pro-
longed teeth, usually cordate E the base: heads showy, relatively few: in-
voluere broadly eampanulate, 2-3 em. broad; braets various, the outer ovate,
oval, or obovate, the inner e der much breader than the saa all obtuse
and longer than broad: Ei -flowers 15-25; ligules yellow, 2-3 em. long: achene
obovate-euneate, 9—11 . long, narrow y thick-winged, tr dh or io ded at
the top.—Dry hills and; Dude. various provinces, Ga. to La., Ia., and Mich.—
Sum.-fall.
1419 CARDUACEAE
11. S. pinnatifidum Ell Stem 5-30 dm. tall, EAR blades of the basal
leaves e or pinnatoly parted, the segm or i E or rarely
some of them dE e petioles shorter pr the tie: s showy:
ue hemispheric, 2-3 em. broad; bracts various, the outer puc A
the nd elli Lr to “elliptic EA gee P as long as the outer, ali
obtuse: ray-flowe iac t ligules ye ellow, 1.5-2 em. loi ng: achene cuneate to
obov s -euneate or eun e; 9- 10 mm. lon ng, wit E small ia at the we age
grounds, Appa ee an provinces and ud ud ied teaus, Ga. to Eu , and
Ohio.—Sum.— appar extreme form with n un ceolate) u
toothed or und lenf- blades is $. pc T N Canby ($. A Hea
Canby, not Nutt
12. S. ere L. Stem 9-22 dm. tall glabrous, glaucous: leaves in
whorls of 3, or ely opposite or oao s blades lanceo s to ovate-
lanceolate or nee -lanceolate, 8-20 em. long, motely serrate or nearly entire,
acute or slightly acuminate, a on both sides: heads s Bs or numerous,
rather showy: involuere eampanulate, m mm. high; braets ovate to ovate-
lance pu and a a the se n lax mewhat spreading, ee the
outer acutish, the inner obtuse: nr pode few; dun. ellow, 2—2.5 . Ion
achene po Or elliptic. preda , 8-10 mm. lo ong, narrowly eed Tes wing-
tips often toothed.—Hillsides, in que soil, various provinces, rarely Coasta
wa Ala. to Ohio, Pa., and Md.—A form with scabrous-pubescent stems occurs
n S. C.
abrum Eggert. Stem 9-15 dm. tall, oon often glaucescent:
except along the rgins: d ev m invol ampanulate, 9-12
mm. high; braets elliptie- Baur to ovate or elliptic, sae Saree es
ing at the tip or slightly re i : ay. -flowers M ligul es yellow
long: achene obovate, 1-9 i ong, rather narrowly wir aged, [um m
tips short with acute or ms ds pun ^ ry soil various provinces, E
Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., Tenn., and N. C.—Sum.-fall.
14. S. confertifolium Small. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, glaucous, smooth and
glabrous: leaves mainly on the lower o a stem, and E e approximated
or erowded at the base; bla d firm, ellipti ovate-lanceolat "6- 12 cm. long,
aeute or eR c 2 e enti ire or shalloviy to Or iu pre
except near the c mpanulate, 7—10 m high; braets broadly
ovate, elliptie or “elliptic. ies i, somewhat enda obtuse, merely ciliate,
ips a
m. long: achene orbicular-cuneate to orbicular-obova -8 mm. long,
margined, the ae ascending.—Dry soil, Choctaw Co., "on the Coastal
Plain of Ala.; also Ga.(?)—Sum.
15. = dm Small. Stem 8-13 dm. tall, glabrous, often red or reddish:
leaves altern or few sometimes opposite; blades lanceolate to broad:r elliptic-
Dao elliptic e or rarely oval, 6—12 cm. long, entire, or occasionally
with few indistinct teeth, conspicuously ciliate; petioles of the lower leaves
more conspicucusly ciliate than the blades: heads showy, often in terminal
- 2 i
elusters: RE —12 mm. high; bracts ovate or ovate-elliptie to sub-
orbieular and obovate, merely arn obtuse, or the outer sometimes acutish:
ema several; s ules 1.5-2 em. long, yello ow: lens obovate or cuneate-
obovate, 7—10 mm. long, narrow ps winged, the wing-tips short, broad, rather
wi idey separated. —Dry soil, woods and river- pas Coastal Plain and adj.
provinces, Ga. to Ala., and 'N. C.—Sum
16. S. dentatum Ell. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent
near the top: leaves opposite or the upper rarely alternate, or in whorls of 3;
CARDUACEAE 1413
edis T » up nU or ovate- eren E 15 cm. long, acute, e
about 1 e
coarsely den r dentate-serrate; heads ebd involuere
high; An dme danccdlace to suborbieular, r, oblong o oblong-cuneate, mere eM
ciliate, is e outer ones aeute, t E obtuse: ray-flowers s several ligu ules Daria
2-3 em. long: achene obovate d 6-8 mm. long, narrowly winged, the mg.
A m or the sinus a obsolete. — Sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Fla.
A. and S. C.—Sum.-fall.
17. S. Asteriscus L. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, seabro-pubescent: leaves mostly
alternate, approximate or scattered ; blades elliptic to elliptic. -lanceolate, ovate-
lanceolate, 4-15 em. long, more or less distinctly serrate, those of the lower
few l bout
leaves petioled: heads showy, solitary or involucre campanulate, abou
l em. high: bracts 2 ena -lanceolate oval and elliptic, ls or the
outer ones acutish, mere ely c e: i -flowers 11-15; ligules 1.5 . long:
achene oval or obovate oval, o mm. long, th 1e wing- tips rather E F.
a rather broad sinus.—Dry soil, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ohio, and
Va.—Sum.—fall.
18. S. pag aes Greene. ye 9— E E od tall, less densely pubescent above
than below: leaves opposite, the pai r remote; blades various, those of
the basal ieee. spatula ae to ne elliptic 10-15 em. ine on short-mar-
Be To those of the upper part f the stem E. iptie to laneeolate or
, 9— M . long, Sessile and clasping D broad bases, idm coarsely erenate-
didi Or slightly s epand: heads few or solitary: UM s 1-1.5 em. high
ovate- up dh or sub-orbieular or ovate to sire bonae pna Gomes
ray- e 12- E Scd hae 2.5—3 ong; achene bro oadly obovate or
PDC e 0-13 mm. long, br ud Eu “the wing- T bad blunt,
forming a deep v- bec sinus. —Sandy pinelands, S pen. Fla
9. S. nodum Small Stem mostly less than 1 m. tall, hispid: V M
posite, the pairs Dant. blades elliptie, oval, or broadly ‘ovate, 5-8 e ong,
uA ae remotely den tate-serrate, obtuse or sometimes abr ruptly pointed
the lower ones with short petiole-like bases: heads solitary or few together:
involuere MET eampanulate, about 1 em. high; braets ovate or orbieular-
ovate to obovate, obtuse, ciliate: ray- ‘towers few, lizules 1.5-2 em. long: achene
bo de or oval, 7-8 mm. long, narrowly winged, contracted into more D: less
mm
of a neck at t the to op and truncate, the wing-tips obsolete or obscure.—Sandy
soil, Ker Charleston, S. C.—Sum
20. S. incisum Greene. Stem about 6 dm. tall, perhaps up g - m., hirsute:
leaves t and alternate; blades of the basal ones ovate OV dd lanceo-
late, id em. long, ¢ eoarsely dentate-serrate, abruptly ao > truncate at
the base, on long hirsute petioles, -o of the remote cauline leaves la on olate
or elliptic- lanceolate, n newhat acuminate, Po few- Poo short- -petioled
or sessile: heads usually few: m ud broadly eampanulate, about le d ;
bracts elliptic- pc to broadly ovate, ciliate, sparingly p scent, oss Or
merely ee with more or less recurved tips: ray-flowers few; ligules vile
achene obov -8 m ong, na Pe winge ed, the wing- m road, forming a
rather pod T Eur sinus.—4A ppalachian provine es, Ga.—Sum
21. S. gracile A. Gray. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, hirsute: leaves ea blades
of the ba m e elliptie- e to ovate- laneolate, 5—30 em. long, acute at
both ends or slightly acuminate or rarely obtuse, sno s dentate- RE those
=
rbicular
or obovate, ciliolate, obtuse, or the ° ten inconspicuously pu b De ones
acutish, eiliolate: achene suborbieular or orbieular-oval, 9-10 long,
rarely larger, very broadly winged, de wing- rs broad, forming a pe vs o
1414 CARDUACEAE
low sinus.—Rocky soil, woods or prairies, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Ala.
to Tex.—Sum.
2. S. 2 ee pets Gattinger. Stem 8-20 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the
asal lea angular-hastate, 8-15 cm. long, repand, the lower cauline ones
aaa: dm truneate subcordate, or cordate at the base, repand-toothed
or coarsely dentate -serrate, acute, with petioles sometimes half a as long as the
blades, conspicu a ciliate, bla des of en up D A ovate-lanceolate to
lanceolate, entire nearly 'so heads several imerous, usually on long,
slender, glaucou S Eng inv voluere mb e pos ut l en 1. high; braets
vate, orbieular-ovate to elliptic, or ovate-elliptic oe oe pU tips dae
somewhat c eading: ray- -flowers severa al; ligules yellos , 1-1.5 em. long: achen
suborbieular, 7-8 mm. long, narrowly w inged, emargin a at the pus the wing:
tips very short and broad ——Hillsides, Appalachian Plateau, Tenn.—Sum
23. re n Hook. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, seabro-pubescent: leav p-
: ves 0
pos metimes alternate, bie opm above; blades ovate, ovate-lanceolate,
IA a or lanceolate, 4-14 cm. long, acute or somewhat acuminate,
ed or shallowly toothed, nn d a tth base, sessile and more or less clasp-
ing: — showy: Te. hemispherie 1.5-2 em. high; bracts
pubes a aps or lanceolate, the inner broadly ovate, acute or
n n. ine tips often m or recurved: ray-flowers several or numerous;
Sd ules 2.5-3. 5 ong ow: achene obovate or oval-obovate, 9-14 mm.
ong or rarely oe Du wing-tips form ming a broadly U-shaped sinus.—
Weeds, prairies, and o ld fields, various provinees, Ala. to N. M., Okla., and
Mo.—Sum.—fall.
24. S. integrifolium Michx. Stem 8-15 dm. tall, scabro-pubescent: leaves
opposite or mainly E blades ovate to broadly lanceolate, often nearly uni-
form in size, 7-12 em. long, scabrous on both sides, acute, Min a
toothed, Rp on ne lower part of the stem, mostly entir above: heads
in rather open corymbs: involuere 1-1.5 cm. hi igh ; braets more or i pubescent,
the puter triangular- -ovate to lanceolate acute, the inner broader, obtuse, all
often a recurved tips: es 15-93; ligules PUER e. 2-3 em.
long: Bem narrowly E te, a l em. "long, broadly winged only near
the as the an g-tips broad, ine Forming 1 a ae U- -shaped sinus.—Plains
and prairies, various provinces, Miss , Wis., and 1Ill.—Sum.-fall.
25. S. scaberrimum Ell. Stem 9-15 dm. tall, pubescent, sometimes sparingly
So: ne opposite or alternate: blades elliptie- -Janeeolate, ovate- o or
narrowly ovate, or those of the basal leaves lanceolate, 8— 20 em. lon ng, rather
shorter high up on the stem, acute or somewhat acuminate, sh incide pO
eun on both sides; heads usually few, showy: involucre campanulate, about
lem. hi p M. ts ovate- lanceolate to ov vate or ellipt ie, not conspicuously pubes-
tent but eiliate, obtuse or the outer ones acutish, s inn ith reeurved tips:
dps hovers. several; ligules about 1.5 cm. long, yellow: ps suborbieular,
5-7 broad, broadly winged, the wing-tips for us a deep apical notch.—
Omen Nd. fields, and pinelands, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to
Miss., Tenn., and S Va mue m.
S. Gatesii C. Mohr. Stem 6-15 dm m hispid: leaves alternate, often
rather numerous; blades br ei linear to e liptie- -lanceolate or lar ieeolate, 5—14
. long, aeute, entire or remotely shallowly toothed, s cabrous-pubesce ce
De ones petioled: heads showy; involuere campa mut about 1 em. goes 5
braets ovate- lanceolate to ovate, hispid, the outer acute and short-acuminate,
coarsely hairy, the inner obtuse: ray- -flowers sever ral; ligules s yellow, 12-20 mm.
long: achene d ular or br oader than high, the wing-tips forming a broad
i Dr ae various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ala., and Tenn., to
Mo. rae
CARDUACEAE 1415
27. S. Mohrii Small. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, DUAEEY- e Beanie alternate;
blades ovate-lanceolate to narrowly ovate , 5-2 ong, minate, remotely
serrate with prominent teeth except near "the base or ne undulate: heads
c
high; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or slightly acuminate, densely
hispid and conspicuously long-ciliate: ray flower a w ligules yellow, 10—14
mm. long: achene obovate, about 7-9 m ong, t ing- tips aeutish or blunt,
iai separated.—Dry soil, Interior Low F “and Appalachian Provinces,
Ga. to Ala., and Ten n.— Sum.-fall.
60. CHRYSOGONUM L. Perennial, depressed, stoloniferous her
aves opposite: blades toothed. Heads erect. Involucre hemispheric: pen
mee the — foliaceous. Ligules of the ray yellow. Disk-flowers with
short abortive ovaries and corollas with a very short tube and funnelform
throat. Filaments less than half as long as the anthers. Style glabrous.
Achene wingless. Pappus a half cup-shaped crown.—Two or three species.
Leaf-blades truncate or abruptly cuneate at the base, deltoid-
ovate: plant eventually caulescent. 1. C. virginianum.
Leaf-blades s radually tapering at the base, elliptic: plant
2. C. australe.
Stem hirsute, Ta sometimes 6 dm eaf-
blades lightgr Eom deltoid- -ovate, 2.5 em. long, long MEER short pubescent on
both involucre hirsute: outer
bracts py mm. ee pina a ithe ray
y
lon 4.0 m
long.—Dry woods * E leider, Consti Plain
to Blue Ridge, Fla. to La. , Ten nn.,
Spr.
2. C. australe Alexander. S e
long: mature ache ene not seen.—Dry woods,
various provinees Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—
Spr.
61. BERLANDIERA DC. Perennial, erect herbs, with large roots.
Leaves alternate: blades toothed or pinnatifid. Heads more or less nodding.
Involuere somewhat depressed: bracts broad, often veiny. Ligules of the ray-
very short tube and a funnelform throat. Filaments nearly as long as the
anthers. Style pubescent. Achene wingless, 1 ribbed within. Pappus obsolete
or of 2 caducous-awns.—About 8 species, North Ameriean.—Sum.-fall, or all
vear S.—GREEN-EYES.
Leaf-blades merely toothed or evenly pinnatifid near the base,
often gray-woolly or tomentos
Plants with ed leaty to near "the inflorescence. 1. B. pumila.
Plants with s 2. B. humilis.
Leaf-blades pinnatilid throughout: stem hispidulous. 3. B. subacaulis.
1. B. pumila (Miehx.) Nutt. Stem 2-9 dm. tall, gray-woolly: leaf-blades
"m rm or oval, 4-10 em. long, obtuse, erenate, truncate or subeordate
1416 CARDUACEAE
e base or rarely narrowed, “pubescent
ppe
tuse, ciliolate: lig of th y yello
eee 3-3.5 mm. long:
achene 6 mm tomentosa
to
Nutt. ]—Sandy Pi oui Plain, Fla.
Ala., and N. C.
2. B. humilis Small. Plant 1-2 dm. tall,
tomentose: leaf-blades elliptic to ovate, 3— 8
d unevenly
ss lyr
?
pinnatifid nea e base, or em
erely cordate: scape simple or cory ely
branched, the heads thus -o or several together: involucre 1.5-2 cm
bracts ees or lanceolate to ovate or orbicular, oe soft- pubescent: ligules
of the ray 1.5-2 cm. long: done obovate, 5- 6 n m. long, woolly.—Pinelands
and sandy woods, Fla.
3. B. subacaulis pus Plant 1-5 dm. tall, hispidulous: leaf-blades deeply
sinuate-pinnatifid or lyrate-pinnatifid, elliptie to oblaneeolate, 4—12 cm. long,
the lobes obtuse, entire or toothed: involuere about 2 em. broa à: braets elliptie
Or El spatulate t o obovate and gene obtuse, ciliolate: ligules of the ray
1- . lon isk-eorollas 3-3.5 mm. long: ac chene elliptie or nearly so, 5-6
mm. end ciliclate. —Dry pinelands, Fla.
62. PARTHENIUM L. Coarse herbs, or pon ed pale-pubescent.
Leaves alternate: blades toothed, pinnatifid, or diss ; eads inconspicu-
ously radiate. Involucre depressed to globular ds er broad ay
flowers usually 5: ligules inconspicuous, white or whitish. Lobes of the disk-
corollas ovate, ciliate. Anthers longer than the filaments. Achene flattened.
bout
Pappus of 2 or 3 seales or awns.— 12 species, American.
Leaf-blades 1-2-pinnatifid : heads not firm at maturity. 1. P. Hysterophorus.
Leaf-blades merely toothed: heads very firm at maturity. 2. P. integrifolium.
1. P. Hysterophorus L. Plant annual, a dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic to
ovate in outline: involuere saucer-like mm. broad: disk-corollas, 1-1.5.
ii long: achene 1-1.5 mm. long.— Rag.
WEED.) — Pin elands, waste-places, cult.
grounds, and roadsi 1; Coastal d and
adj. provinces, Fla. o Te x. Mo. Pa.
2. P. integrifolium L. Plants uenia
4-12 dm. tall: blades of the basal leave
nda to lanceolate: involucre we ole
l broad:
becoming globular, 4-6 mm. : disk-
ae 2.5-3 mm. long: ache
long.—Dry soil, woods.and hillsides, various
Po í , Minn., and Md.—
Spr.-su —P. hispidum Raf., with rough-
a foliage and coarsely s d or
m ed Mer known ange from.
Tex nn and Mo. is to b: le d from
W. A
CARDUACEAE | 1417
: NIA L.1 Annual or perennial, erect herbs, or shrubby plants.
Leaves opposite: blades edi or sparingly toothed, 3-ribbed. Heads showy,
on usually clavate pedun Involuere hemispheric to somewhat cylindric:
bracts broad except ee inner elongate ones. Ray-flowers few: ligules red,
purple, yellow, or variegated, conspicuous. Lobes of the disk-corollas lanceo-
late to linear, ciliate. Anthers shorter than the filaments, the appendages
deltoid or pade. Achene of the ray 3-angled. Pappus of 1-few awns, or
wanting. —About 15 species, natives of western America.
Involucre cylindric-campanulate: chaff of the receptacle with erose or lacerate tips.
1. Z. ord. .
Involucre a chaff of the receptacle with long-fringed,
appendage-like tip 2. Z. elegans.
Il - eee L. Stem 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-elliptie to ovate, 2—5
ong: outer braets of the involuere ia the inner braets linear- ‘elliptic
5a Pon broadened upward, 11-13 mm
long: ligules of the ray 10-15 mm. long:
lobes of the disk-corollas linea ar. LZ. K
f reir ae Fla. to
Nat. of trop. A „ but Pea a: in
= Ñ: c.
Sum.-fall. '
2. Z. elegans Jaeq. Stem 1-6 dm. tall:
leaf-blades e to ovate, 2-10 em. long:
the
Mex. and S. A., and widely cult. (Wf. l; a. S. A.)—Sum.-fall. The com-
mon zinnia of gardens is a cultivated form of Z. elegans, eun es hybridized
ith Z. pauciflora and other species, as is shown by the varying shape of the
involuere as well as the color of the ray-flowers
64. HELIOPSIS L. Perennial or rarely annual, Helianthus-like herbs.
Leaves opposite: blades serrate, petioled. Heads showy. Involucre flattish:
ets in 2 or 3 series, the outer more or less spreading. Ray-flowers several:
Pues yellow, conspicuous. Disk-eorollas longer than the ovaries. Stigmas
long. Achene of the ray with a pappus of 2-4 teeth or a crown , or the
pappus rac 6 species, American.—Spr.-fall.—Ox-EYES.
Foliage, especially the leaf-blades, very scabrou 1. H. scabra.
Foliage, especially the leaf- -blades, smooth or NN slightly
rous. i l
Heads usually over 1 cm. high: achene glabro 2. H. helianthoides.
err canned less than 1 cm. high: achene | pubescent
. H. minor.
1. H. scabra Dunal. Stem 8-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades thick, deltoid or
broadly Bn die 5-15 em. long, serrate, cuneate to eee at t the base
1 Revised oy Edward Johnston Alexander.
1418 CARDUACEAE
heads showy, with broadly conic disks:
bracts of the in eos ance -elliptie to
2 acutish or vue or ddl ers sev-
ligu ules of the 25 . long,
ort
crown.—Fields, roadsides, and woods, vari-
ous provinces, Tenn. to Ark., B. C
Me., and N. J.
2. H. helianthoides (L.) B. S. P. Stem
dm. tall: en blades thinnish, ovate to
8—20
lanceolate, long, s arply serrate,
cuneate to Cono at the base: heads
showy, with a rounded disk usually over 1 em. high: ied of the involucre
elliptic- a. to elliptic, ciliate, acute or acutish, the outer with md ng
* reflexed tips: ray-flowers s sveral; ligules of the ray Evi. ellos E 3 eed
long: braetlets dilated and er at the 2 achene glabrous, t
cate
obseurely 2—4-toothed at the nes x. [H. laevis ios —Banks, thickets, A
open woods, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ont., and N. Y.
3. H. minor (Hook.) C. Mohr. Stem 2-7 ba tall: leaf- pus n pe
laneeolate, elliptie or elliptie- d 3-10 em. long, sharply serr neate,
rounded, or truneate at : heads with disks usually less mun. E. ME :
i of the involuere o d “lanceolate to elliptie, rather obtuse, the outer,
ding Mem : ?
ct
lo
ie
ong en
Pinelands, woods, md hillsides, Gaal Plain and “adj. provinces, Fla. to
Ark. and Ga.
oo: TETRAGONOTHECA L. Perennial, erect, stout herbs. Leaves
a ite: blades broad, repand, saliently toothed or pinnatifid, sessile or con-
nate-perfoliate. Heads large, resembling
ae a longer t anoa TA deltoid « or tri-
angular. Anthers mostly longer than the
ra the E ndages ovate. Stigmas
slender. Achene very thick, broadened up-
ward, striate or saa Pappus wanting.—
About 5 species, American.
1. T. helianthoides L. Stem 3-10 dm
pubescent: blades of e plut pis slliptie to oval, 8-15 em. long, remotely
toothed: en involucre 4-6 7 k ; inner braets slenderly n
ligules 3—4 em. long: e 5- 76 m ong.— (PINELAND- -GINSENG) .—Dry Sa
p des woods, e Plain 2j ad provinees, Fla. to Miss. and Va.
pr.—ta
66. VERBESINA L. Annual diffuse herbs. Leaves opposite, blades
narrow, entire or sparingly toothed. Heads small, inconspicuously radiate.
SEES T TR
S B
=
Pu
CARDUACEAE 1419
Involucre hemispher campanulate:
ets broad, oe. pF dis outer series
scarcely larger than those of the inner. Ray-
flowers several: ligules white, inconspicuous.
Disk-flowers numerous: corollas wi t
WWW,
ŢQ JES
Hy,
\
or minute.—About 4 species, tropical.
1. V. alba L. Stem and branches 2-9 dm. Lu.
long, finely pubescent: leaf-blades elliptic, or lanceolate, or narrower, 3— 10 em.
long, sessile: involuere broadly campanulate, the larger | eir abou m.
long: ud about 2.5 mm. long. [Eclip ta alba (L.) Hassk. ]- Waste -places,
stream-banks, and low grounds, various provinces, Fla. "n Tex., N. M., Neb.,
and Mass. Introd. NE.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A.)—Sum fall or all year S.
67. MELANTHERA Rohr. Perennial, erect herbs. Loane o
blades entire, toothed, or hastate- lobed. Heads discoid, appeari ng a
S
road, in 2 or 3 series. Throat of - white corolla much longer iban the
tube. Filaments generally as long as s black-tipped anthers or nearly so
Stigmas often flattened, mostly subulate. Achene compressed- angular,
somewhat obpyramidal, truneate.—About 12 species, tropical American
Leaf-blades ovate to deltoid in outline.
Involucral bracts and chaff e obtusish, or merely short-acuminate.
^ Leaf-blades less than 5 c long: chaff short-acuminate.
Mi o lo e of the leat-blade very narrow
ith a roundish few toothed tip. 1. M. parvifolia.
Middle lobe “ot the lent blade if pr resent, broad and
: short with an exp d many toothed t tip. 2. M. radiata.
Leaf-blades over 5 em. long: chaff acute or bluntly tipped. 3. M. deltoidea.
Involucral M and eh haf long-acumina e. 4. M
Leaf-blades elliptic to linear in outl
volucral race fully as long B the disk, linear-lanceolate, 5
6
. M. ligulata.
inv olucral bracts shorter than the disk, rhombic- ovate.
. M. angustifolia.
1. M. parvifolia Small. Stems often several together, 3-8 dm. tall, very
rough-hispidulous, slender, sparingly branched: leaf-blades prominently hastate,
e
nx , or ger, the lateral lobes
prominent, coarsely toothed or entire, the
iddle lobe elongate, contracted between the
rather short: heads few, usually very long-
pedun ma larger bracts of the involucre
5-7 m ong.—Pinelands and coastal a
dunes, E im Fla. and the Keys.—All yea
2. M. radiata Small. Stems radially
spreading from a oe root, 1—4 dm. long:
- ia Sra ovate, 1 . lo ong, entire and
arsely serrate, or ii eta y lobed and
irregularly toothe d, the middle lobe often
ovate: larger bracts of the involucre ovate,
1 Contributed by Edward Johnston Alexander.
1420 | CARDUACEAE
5.5-6.5 mm. long, obtuse: corolla mostly dd 6 mm. long.—Pinelands, Ever-
glade Keys, Fla. and Florida Keys.—All ye
3. M. deltoidea Michx. Stem 8-24 dm. tall, somewhat rough-pubescent,
often stout, d pias. leaf- beans ovate to deltoid or ovate-hastate
or deltoid-has ong, obtuse acute, erenate, or serrate, the
petioles rather Mm e mu ME or numerous, mostly rather short- -peduneled:
larger bra of the involucre 3.5-5 em. long: pappus of 2-3 bristles with a
EE Hei -like crown at hae. — Hammocks and coastal pu -dunes,
n. Fla. and the Keys.— (JF. 7.)—4A1l yea
4. M. hast Ead Michx. Stem 8-18 dm. tall, ‘scabrous or hispidulous: leaf-
blades 8-15 em. long, ovate to deltoid in outline, often hastate or hastately
lobed, crenate Pu se pete. larger bracts of the oo 8-10 mm. long, acumi-
nate Ais is also the coe chaff: corollas 3-4 mm. long. [M. nivea (Fl. SE.
S.) M. lobata Small.|]—Along lake a En shores and in damp soil,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and S. C.—Sum
5. M.ligulata Small. Stem E 4—7 dm. tall, finely pubescent: leaf-blades
elongate-linear, mainly 8-16 c . long, irregularly toothed, sometimes saliently
so at the base: ciun oo of ‘the involucre linear- lanceolate 9-13 mm. long,
acuminate: corolla . long.—Pinelands, S pen —Spr.
6. M. Sup conn A. Pug Bs 2-8 dm. tall, is ae d toi linear
to linear- 4-8 cm. long: oe brac ts re rhombic-
ovate, acute ong: corolla about 4 m i Bt. lanceolata. it
SE. Ù. $. 31 Everglades and dos EOM pen: Fla.—(H, I.)—Spr.-
68. SPILANTHES s Annual or perennial (ours), diffuse or ereeping
he iid or partly woody plan Leaves a blades relatively broad, often
toothed. Heads radiate, o inconspicuous,
"à peduneled; the disk protruding e
above the involucre by the elongation of the
receptacle. Involuere campanulate or flat:
bracts broad, narrowed to the apex. Ligules
of the ray- -corollas white or yellow. Disk-
flat e b
of the disk flattened, mapu Pappus one
or several awns.—A bout 30 species, of warm
and Pee regions.
Americana (M ut.) Hieron. Ste
= 8 "im. long, often creeping: leaf- blades. ovate to lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long,
toothed: bracts of the involucre dd pue to En or ovate ‘lanceolate, 4—5
mm. long: ligules of the ray abou . long: disk ov
lo [S. repens (Walt.) Michx. x) Lov grounds, Co astal Plain and adj.
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. C.—Spr.-fall or all year S.
69. ECHINACEA Moench. Perennial, caulescent herbs. Leaves nor-
mally alternate: blades RE entire or toothed. Heads e solitary or
few, conspicuous. Involueres many-flowered, rather flat: bracts in 2—4 series,
arrow. Receptacle dec hemispherie, ehaffy. Ray Pel several, neu-
tral, often with imperfect styles: ligules spreading or drooping, purple or
rose, rarely yellow or white. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing: chaff
awned, surpassing the flowers, persistent. Achene acutely 4-angled, stout.
CARDUACEAE 1421
Pappus a erown, more or less produced into triangular teeth at the angles.
[Brauneria Neck.]—Six species, North American.—CONE-FLOWERS.
Awn he ane chaff about as long as the body: root horizontal or horizontally inclined,
fibro I. PURPUREAE.
Awn of Suns chaff shorter than the body: root vertical, fusi-
for II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE.
I. Pv
Rather coarse herb, with leaf-blades ovate Boh nceolate. E. purpurea.
II. ANGUSTIFOLIAE l
Plant cans or eee . E. laevigata.
. E. pallida
pid.
Puy pes ers with Mroonins ligules 4-8 cm. long. ida.
E. tennesseensis.
Ray-flowers with spreading ligules 1.5—2.5 Es long.
BOTH
1. E. purpurea (L.) Moeneh. Stem seabrous-pubescent, 6—12 dm. tall: uod
blades ovate to lanceolate, 5-12 cm. jong, serrate or dentate- serrate: brac
of the involucre linear to linear- E
hispidulous: ligules of the ray at an
Jong, or rarely shorter, purple or somewhat
crimson or whitish. [B. p purpurea "Britton.]
Rieh soil, woods, a 8 NA. various prov-
inees, Ala. to La., ,S8 Va. and N. C.—
Sum.—fall.
2. E. laevigata (Boynton & es Small.
Stem glabrous, about 10 dm bus es of
Hi basal and lower cauline > 1.5-3.5
wide: bracts of the in iue ig.
to elliptic- Cara de. merely ciliate: irr
3-6 long, colo [B.
ees on * cn »]— Woods and
fields, Piedmont of S. C.—
3. E. pallida Nutt. Stem d 5—10 dm. tall: leaf-blades br roadly linear
to narrowly Mp un em. long: braets of the involuere laneeolate, hispid:
ligules of the ray 4-8 e m. long, pale or deep rose-color. [B. M Cid 2
—Dry soil, UA dr barrens, and hillsides, various provinces, Ala
Minn., and Mas —Spr.-
. tennesseensis (uc Small. Stem shaggy-hispid, 2-3 dm. tall: leaf-
us pu 5—18 long: bracts of the involuere lanceolate, e ius
of the ray 1.5-2.5 c long, purplish. [B. tennesseensis uis ce iia
hillsides, Interior and | Ozark Plateaus, Tenn. and Ark.—Spr.-
70. VIGUIERA H.B.K. Annual herbs. Leaves alternate: blades nar-
row, entire. Heads dip Md Pd the disk elongating in age. In-
voluere campanulate or hemispheric: bracts
lax, narrow, anni Peco pens
pp
or wanting.—Abou 50 ; species, natives o
the Western DAN
zi V. Porteri (A. Gray) Blake. Annual,
2-12 dm. tall, Nm leaf -blades narrowly
linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, 3—15
1422 CARDUACEAE
em. long: heads vut outer braets of the E linear or linear maven
6-10 mm. long, acuminate: ligules 1-2 cm. long: achene 2.5-3 long.
[Gymnolomia Porters iA. Gray. nee outcrops, Stone Mt. and vicinity in
the Piedmont of Ga.—Sum.-fal
71. RUDBECKIA L.1 Perennial or sometimes annual or biennial, often
pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid.
Heads erect. Involucre hemispheric or depressed, many-flowered: bracts
reading or reflexed, often unequal. Receptacle conic or convex. Ray-flowers
deltoid or ovate. Anthers longer than the filaments. Achene 4-angled, flat-
topped. Pappus s a low erown or obsolete. —About 40 species, North
Ameriean.—CONE-FLOWER
Stigmas with short obtuse tips: pappus present e e in R. mollis.
Chaff of the receptacle acute, mucronate or obtus
Chaff canescent or pubescent at the apex
Leaf-blades, at least those of the lower leaves,
deeply lobed or divided. I. LACINIATAE.
Leaf- m entire or merely toothed.
Disk globose-ovoid, ovoid- iode or hemispheric:
Slate puse cent: eorolla-lobes reflexed after
anthes II. HELIOPSIDES.
Disk come or conic-cylindric uc maturity :
plant glabrous: corolla-lobes erect after
anthesis. III. LAEVIGATAE.
Chaff cl or fimbriate, denticulate or entire at the
Chaif ciliate or fimbriate. IV. FULGIDAE.
Chaff with entire, hyaline, or erose-denticulate
ips.
Leaf-blades various, but not elongate-linear. A A
Leaf-blades elongate- -linear VI. GRAMINIFOLIAE.
Chaff of the receptacle aristate or fubito: VII. TRILOBAE.
Stigmas n slender a AR tips: pappus wanting.
Plant annual or bie VIII. BICOLORES.
Plant Decus HinT
I. LACINIATAE
Plant glabrous or glabrate. 1. R. laciniata.
Plant cinereous- -pubescent.
Disk greenish-yellow 9. R. heterophylla.
Disk brown-purple, anise-scented. 3. R.subtomentosa.
II. HELIOPSIDES
Cauline leaves with petioled blades
Heads small, the disk about 1 cm. in diameter. 4. R. Heliopsidis.
Heads large, the disk 1.5—2.5 cm. in diameter.
Stem oo or A 5. R. alismaefolia.
Stem hispid or scabro 6. R. grandiflora.
Cauline leaves with closely ceils or pariy clasping blades. T. R. llis.
LAEVIGAT
Leaves glaucous; blades oa. broadly Ren or Tee. 8. R. maxima,
Bene lustrous; blades narrow
eaf-blades ESL a. to "Janceolate-elli iptie 9. R. nitida.
Tent blades elongate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, at-
tenuate at Both € nds. 10. R. glabra.
IV. FULGIDAE
Blades of the basal and lower cauline leaves cordate or trun-
cate.
Chaff of the disk 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, densely ciliate at the
ip. R. umbrosa.
Chaff of the disk narrower, sparsely ciliate at the tip 12: R. Chapmanii.
1 Contributed by Charles Lawrence Boyntor and Chauncy Delos Beadle.
CARDUACEAE
Blades of Rena basal and lower cauline leaves not cordate or
trun
jusserat ' bracts ciliate, SPI n above: leaves larger,
with np ee a
Stem EM or gla
Stem strigo
Involueral brace ciliate, pubescent above: leaves small
medium, with acute or short-acuminate blades
Upper s with cuneiform or elliptic- janceointe
bl
Well-developed disks 1—1.5 em. in diameter : ligules
of the ray relatively short.
Well-developed disks smaller: ligules relatively
arge.
Upper leaves with conspicuously dilated blade.
V. SPECIOSAE
Ligules of the ray large and showy, much exceeding the
diameter of the disk.
Leaf-blades laciniate or Mond coarsely den
revai
Plant glabrous or near
Plant densely hirsute.
Ligules short, often less than the diameter of the disk.
VI. GRAMINIFOLIAE |
Plant pubescent: ligules of the ray crimson.
Plant glabrous: ligules yellow.
VII. TRILOBAE
Blades of the lower cauline leaves, or some of them pal-
mae 3- D ed.
Di d -13 m ray-flowers with ligules 1.5-2.5 cm.
Disk 15-20 mm. wide: ray-flowers with ligules 2-3.5 cm.
ng.
Blades “of i. qune cauline leaves, or some of them pinnately
Bracts of the involucre, or most of them, as long as the
ligules of the ray: Alleghenian species.
Bracts of the involucre, or most of them, not half as long
as the ligules : Floridian species.
VIII. BICOLORES
Plant hispid: ligules of the ray brown-purple at the base.
JX. HIRTAE
Well-developed disks 1 pun Rus diameter or more: ligules of
the ray large and s
Blades of the upper pauline leaves not of an ovate a
Petioles of the basal leaves ine exceeding 1 dm. in
Leaf- blades broader than linear.
xis or stem not divergently branched.
pper Cauling: leaves Spee: lanceolate or
lanceolate, or narrower
Upper cauline leaves elliptic, subcordate-
clasping.
n axis or stem oe branched,
ually from near the
Lea f-blades linear or linear-lanceolate elongate.
Petioles of the basal leav or some of them, con-
Spicuously elongate.
PRISE an the upper cauline leaves, or some of them, of
Blades. of the basal leaves 5-6 cm. wide: involucral
. bracts often foliaceous.
Blades of the basal leaves narrower : involucral bracts
not foliaceous.
Well-developed disks smaller: ligules of the ray short.
15.
6.
17.
29.
30.
37.
1423
. R. palustris.
R. acuminata.
R. fulgida.
R. foliosa.
R. spathulata.
Su oon
spec
R.
R.
R. truncata.
R. missouriensis.
R. ten
. R. gr Du UE
R.
Mohri
. R. triloba.
. R. rupestris.
. R. Beadlei.
. R. pinnatiloba.
R. bico lor.
R. hirta.
R. amplectens.
2. R. divergens.
. R. sericea.
. R. longipes.
. R. Brittoni.
. R. monticola.
R. floridana.
1424 CARDUACEAE
1. R. lac iis ta L. Stem 6-20 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the
upper leaves less deeply "lobed than those of the lower, or merely cleft: bracts
of the involuere elliptic to lanceolate: ee
the ray 2-4 long: disk becoming
o
puse or jud nie.—Rich woods, thick
ets, and meadows, various p N.
to La., Man., and Que.—Sum — Cult.
in several fn. —A full delle ge is
on in cultivation under the name
Golden. glow.
heterophylla T. & G. Stem 4-16 dm
e
leaves coarsely toothed, or lobed: bracts of |
the involucre eee to bu tee -lanceolate: |
ligules of the ray 1-2.5 em. long: disk sub- | VII:
globose ce od. p damp places, V"
Fla.-
3. R. subtomentosa Pursh. Ste 5 dm. tall, cinereous- e blades
of the uL leaves mostly undivided: poe of the involucre linear or nearly
SO: rien of the ray 2-3 em. long: disk hemispheric to ovoid -eonie.— Dry soil
and low grounds, various end Tenn. to Miss., Tex., Kans., Ia., and Ill.—
Sum.-fall.
4. R. Heliopsidis T. & G. Stem 8—7 dm. eo ees or eee puede
e. blades elliptie-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3—1 Ong; errate: braets of
he involuere elliptic to pus pp eee ligul ae F ray 15-2. em. long:
disk $ ubglobose, about 1 em. in diameter me ind nearly obsolete. Woods and
low grounds, Piedmont to DATED Plateau, Ga. and Ala.—Sum.-fall.
R. alismaefolia T. & G. E 5-9 dm. tall hispidulous or scabrous
above: leaf- edd dud or elliptic, 5-12 em. long, repand-dentieulate to ree
entire: bracts of t ped linear to bed c: ligules of the ray 3—4 e
long: disk s Eden E 0-2 cm. in diam : pappus prominent.—Pine mod:
and prairies, Coastal Plain nnd dn pr add "La. to Tex. and Ark.—Sum.-fall.
R. grandiflora C. G. Gmel. Stem scabrous or hispid throughout: leaf-
blades ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 6—15 e o bred shallowly Winds
bracts of the involucre linear: ligules of the ra . long: disk ovoid or
ovoid- -globose, 1.5-2.5 em. in diameter: pa D. Prominent Dry Mee
Coas tal Plain and acy: provinces, La. to Tex. and Mo.—Sum
Ell. Stem 3- = dm. ee gray-hirsute: leaf-blades oe
spatulate to hare tae 1.5-6 em. long, crenate or nearly entire: s of the
involuere linear to Pon buco ligules of the ray 2-3. long: disk
hemispheric, 1. Pu m. in diameter: pappus wanting. —Pinclands £ and dry soil,
Coastal Plain, Fla., ps E Ga.—Spr.—sum.—Little kno
8. R. maxima Nutt. Stem 9-30 dm. tall, glaucous: leaf-blades elliptic, oval,
tate
r ovate, metimes pa e, , dentate or repand-
braets of the involuere linear to linear-lanceolate: ligules of the ray 1.5 em.
long: disk ellipsoid to ded -eylindrie, 3—4.5 cm. long: pappus dui NE
Moist soil, various provinces, La. to Tex., Okla., and Mo.—Spr.-sum
9. R.nitida Nutt. pue 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades AA -spatulate
to lanceolate-elliptic, 8-15 em. long, nearly entire to repand-dentate: bracts of
the involuere linear to me lucent. disk ae to conic- cylindric, 3-4.5
CARDUACEAE 1425
long. wd pinelands and pond-margins, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and
Ga, —Spr. —fal
0. R. glabra DC. Stem E dm. = apps leaf-blades elongate-
m ate nd linear- piri 9-30 cm. long, pega -dentate or undulate,
veiny: bracts of the involu mu linear: ligules of the ray 3-5 em. long: disk
cylindrie or pcm cylindrie, 2—4 em. long.—Low grounds, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to Tex. and Ga.—Spr.-fall. |
R. sudo Boynton & Beadle. A 4-10 dm. tall, pubescent: blades
the r leaves De coarsely serrate: bracts of the a elliptic to
finear elliptie, 10-15 mm. long: ligules of the ray 1.5-2 em. long.—Moist soil,
ppalachian provinces und Interior Low Plateaus, Ga. to Ky um.
R. pmanii Boynton & Beadle. Stem 4-10 dm. tall, glabrous or
Sb Ere of the lower leaves PERCHE UN dentate or coarsely
erenate-dentate: braets of the involuere linear or luem -elliptic, 6-12 mm.
long: oo of the ray 1.5-2.5 em. long.—Mt. slopes, Blue Ridge, Ga. and
Ala.—
13. R. palustris Eggert. Stem 5-7 dm. tall, glabrous or glabrate, at least
Hina blades of the lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, remotely serrate or den d
r nearly a bracts of the involucre linear to ie -oblong, mostly obtus
ligules of the ray 1-2 m. long—Low grounds, wet banks, and cedar- a
Interior and Ozark Plateaus, Tenn. to Mo. and Ky.—Sum.-fall.
4. R. acuminata Boynton & Beadle. Stem 5-8 dm. tall, acia bres of
the lower leaves laneeolate, remotely serrate with low te eth or : bracts
of the involucre lanceolate, acute: ba aes of the ray 1-2.5 cm. pese Woods,
Interior Low Plateau, Tenn.—Sum
15. R. fulgida Ait. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, hirsute or somewhat hispid: blades
of the lower leaves lanceolate, elliptic- -lanceolate, or euneiform, remotely toothed
and swamps, various Dem rarely Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss., Tenn., W
Va., Pa., and N. C.—
16. R. foliosa Boyuta & Beadle. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, pd or some-
what hispid: leaf- puo p E n elliptie or eifor
sparingly serrate or entire da ets of t voluere linear to élliptie- o
ligules of the ray 1- 15 cm. long: disk a js poe em. wide.—W oods
and thickets, mostly in marly plaees, Coastal Plain id Piedmont, Fla. to
N. Sum.-fall.
17. E. spathulata Miehx. Stem 3-7 dm. tall minutely p bass es
of the vid Md icd E Or oblanceolate, anaes or min and
d hed: braets of the voluere linear, mostly a ute: S e the
y 1—2 œ ong; disk pos ut l em. aide: —Wo ods, and along streams, various
ee eee Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., and N. C.—Sum.-fall.
18. R. Sullivantii Boynton & ine peius 5-10 dm. tall, hispid or glabrate:
An of the lower leaves oval, vate-lane ceolate, Ll coarse-
de braets of the inv dne d -elliptie, o obtuse: ligules of the ray 2-4
m. long: disk 12-18 mm. wide. LM grounds, various Diu s N of Coastal
Plain, Ala. to Mich.—Sum.—fal
19. R. speciosa Wenderoth. Stem 5-10 dm. tall, hirsute or somewhat hispid:
blades of the lower leaves donas -anceolate, often faleate, irregularly coarse-
90
1426 CARDUACEAE
toothed: braets of the wi addi linear to linear-lanceolate: Ne of the ray
2-3.5 em. long: disk 13-20 mm. wide.—Woods and low gro arious prov-
inces N » Coastal Plain, Ga. p yo Mo., and Pa.—Sum fall
20. la truncata Small. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of the
lower leaves narrowly lanceolate to elliptic or rius linear, remotely and
shallowly de ais or e dd Am s of the in ple i r to linear-lanceolate:
ligules of the ray 1.5- long: disk 10- 15 wi vide: —Woods and low
EIQUE) Blue Ridge to i nnm Plateau, Ga. p Ala. and Tenn.—Fall.
21. R. missouriensis e rer Stem 4-6 dm. cane mn blades of the
lower leaves linear-lanceola o linear, entire: bracts of the involucre linear
to linear-elliptie: ligules of ae ray 5-2.5 E Tong: "disk 1 10-15 mm. wide.—
Dry hills and rocky soil, La. to Mo.—Sum.—fal
22. R. E Boynton & Beadle. Stem 4-8 dm. tall, sparingly pubescent,
t
shullos-detitate or entire: braets of the pes elliptic to lanceolate: ligules
of the ray 6-12 mm. long; disk 10-18 mm. wide.—Woods and fields, Interior
Low Plateau, Ala. and Tenn.—Sum.- fall.
23. R. graminifolia (T. & G.) Boynton & Beadle. pi 6-8.5 dm. tall,
pubescent: blades of the lower leaves elongate-linear, grass-like, entire, the
midrib alone A bracts of the involucre mostly lanecolate: ligules of
the ray 8-12 mm. long: disk hemipheric to elliptic. ovoid. [Hchinacea? atro-
rubens graminifotia T. & G.]—Pineland ponds, Coastal Plain, N Fla. and
Ga p
24. R. den ii A. Gray. Stem 4-12 dm. tall, glabrous: p of the low
leaves linear or elongate-linear, bios ribbed: iaa of the involuere linear
to linear a ligules o of the ray 15-30 mm. long: disk ovoid-conic to
conie-eylindrie. [R. AM pii J- Pineland ponds and moist pine-
lands, Coastal Plain, N Fla. and Ga.
25. R. triloba L. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, pde or hirsute: blades of the upper
leaves ovate-lanceolate ne mea late: brae of the involucre linear to linear-
xr ed ligules of the 15-25 mm 3 disk subglobose to conic-globose,
5-13 mm. broad.—Moist P roeky woods, old fields, i thiekets, various
provinces, Ga. to Tex., Kans., Mich., and N. J.—Sum —fal
26. R. Pp d Chickering. Stem 7-15 dm. tall, sparingly pubescent:
blades of the upper leaves ovate: bracts of the involucre lanceolate to elliptic-
lanceolate: pus of the ray 20-35 mm. long: disk hemispheric to s -conie,
15-20 mm [R. triloba rupestris A. Gray.] ne ae oe oan Mt.
. broad.
and adj. peaks, in the Blue Ridge of N. C. and Tenn.—Sum
27. R. Beadlei Small. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, hirsute: blades of the upper
ed lanceolate: braets of the involuere linear to linear-laneeolate: ligules of
the ray 11-20 mm. long: m Il 10 mm. wide.—Rocky slopes, above 1,000 m.,
in the Blue Ridge of N. C.—
28. R. acpi (T. & G.) Beadle. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, softly hirsute:
blades of the upper leaves ovate- E i: of the involuere 1 linear to
m lanceolate: Des ules of the 0—15 long: disk 6-9 . broad.
[R. triloba pinnatiloba T. & G. eus pu W Fla.—Sum. “fall,
CARDUACEAE 1427
29. R. bicolor Nutt. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, dean bs of the upper leaves
elliptie to Vp AM sometimes narrowly s of the involuere elliptie-
laneeolate to linear: ligules of the ray 15- a ong, brown-purple at the
base.— (NI oe HIMBLE-FLOWER. NC. da hills, and sandy soil,
GGER-T
various provinces, Ala. to Tex., Ark., and Tenn. —Spr.-
30. R. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, hirsute or hispid: blades of the upper
leaves Ae BB or lanceolate, or nearly linear: bracts of the involucre
linear:laneeolate or linear-elliptie: ligules of e ray 20-35 mm. long: disk
10-18 au wide.—( Y ELLOW-DAISY. LACK-EYED SUSAN. ) —Fields, roadsides,
and a various provinces, Fla. to Okla., 5. Dak., and Que. Native mainly
31. R. amplectens T. V. Moore. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, hispidulous: blades of
the upper leaves elliptic: bracts of the involucres linear- -elliptie to linear-laneeo-
late: DERE of the ray 10-20 mm. long.—Dry soil, Piedmont, Ga., and 8. C.
—Sum
32. R. divergens T. V. Moore. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, hirsute or hispid: blades
of per leaves elliptic to lanceolate or egy linear bracts of the involucre
linear or linear-lanceolate: ligules of the ray 15-3 d
wide.—Pinelands and fields, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.—Spr.—sum.—This and
related species e used by the Seminoles as a cold infusion in eases of fever
and headache.
33. R. sericea T. V. cs re. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, hispid: blades of the upper
leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, s ne lowly too the d: bracts of the involucre
linear to aod um or Mena olate: liguies of the ray 20-40 mm. long: disk
12— 20 m ong.—Dry w oc and fields, various provinees N of Coastal Plain,
Ga. to Ala., MSS and S. Dak.—Sum
34. R. longipes T. V. Moo Stem 3-10 dm. tall, hispid: blades of the
upper leaves lanceolate to EE Fue unm entire or to othed braets of the in-
volueres nape ea eeolate to elliptic- lanceolate: ligules of the ray 5 mm
long: disk about 15 mm. wide.—Woods and fields, various provinces, rarely
Coastal Plain, Ala. to Miss., Ia., and N. Y —Sum. —fall.
35. R. Brittonii Small. Stem 5-8 dm. tall, hispid or hirsute-hispid: blades
of the upper leaves e ovate to elliptic- -ovate, rather coarsely toothed or
up di pou d braets of the involuere elliptie o laneeolate: ligules of the
ray 25-35 . lon ne Wooded hill-sides, various provinces N of Coastal Plain,
Ala. to Tenn.— um.
36. R. en bep Stem 3-10 dm. tall, bed or hispid: blades of
he upper lea vate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly s rrate: bracts of the E
voluere linear ps "linear tr HE da —14 mm. long; nl o£ the ray 20-35 m
long en Blue Ridge anim Plateau, Ga. to Ala., Tenn., iud
Pa.—Sum.-fall.
37. R. floridana T. V. Moo Stem 3-6 dm. tall, hispid: pod of the
upper ipis n Coo or narrowly pandurate (very na in R.
Kig angustifolia): bracts of p involuere elliptie to linear- ‘elliptic, "6-10
Du ligules of the ray 10-20 mm. long, yellow, fading greenish.—Sandy
soil, oa Plain, Fla. to Tex. and A rk.—Spr r.—fall.
72. DRACOPIS Cass. Annual, glaucous herbs. Leaves alternate:
blades entire or slightly toothed, elasping. Heads erect. Involuere of few
1428 CARDUACEAE
somewhat foliaceous bracts which are ulti-
ely reflexed. ay-flowers few: ligules
yellow, drooping, fa discolored. Disk-
flowers crowded: rollas relatively long
with a short tube e a longer throat, ulti-
mately deciduous, leaving the erect cone-like
isk. Anthers usually about as long as the
filaments. Stigmas slender. Achene terete,
striate and transverse-wrinkled. Pappus
wanting.—One species.
- 1. D. amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. Stem
3-7 dm. tall: stem- uia bg em. lon ne, f ini
blades of the upper ovate to
laneeolate, sometimes shallowly toothed: "rats of the involucre 6-10 mm. long:
ligules of the ray-flowers broad, 10— m. long: disk-corollas 3.5—4 mm. long:
achene 2 mm. long.—Moist, rich "n Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex. Introduced
eastward.—Spr.-sum.
3. RATIBIDA Raf. Annual, biennial, or perennial, pubescent herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades pinnately parted or divided, or lyrate. Heads erect,
usually showy. Involucre flat: bracts mostly spreading or reflexed, narrow.
Ray-flowers several: ligules broad or narrow, often discolored. Disk-flowers
crowded on the elongate receptacle: corollas stout, with a very short tube and
deltoid
a longer rage! wide throat; lobes ovate or oid. Anthers longer than
the filaments. Stigmas stout or slender. Achene flattened, margined or
winged, m with bractlets. Pappus of 2 awns or wanting.—About 6
species, North American
m a lanceolate-subulate tips: ligules of the ray elongate, linear Es linear-
1. R. pinnata
Stizmas p short obtuse tips: ligules of the ray relatively
short, elliptie to oval. . R. columnaris.
1. R. pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart. Stem FT and scabrous, 6-15 dm. i
often with elongate branches: leaves 5-20 em. long; blades pinnately 3—7-folio
often pales veo soil, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Ia., and N. Y.—Sum.-fall.
2. R. columnaris (Sims) D. Don. Stem 3-
7 dm. tall, scabrous-strigose, da Seen i
at the base and sometimes abov s 5-
2 em. long; blades pinnately pes the
gments mostly linear, lanee À b
lanceolate, often pinnati r 3-el
heads showy: disk cylindric or columnar,
2.5-4 em. long: ray-flowers few; ligules yel-
low. (or brown-purple at es pos in È. PUO pulcherrima), 2—4 cm. long,
drooping: achene 2-2.5 m —(NIGGER-HEAD)— Dry soil, p plains,
and hills, Tenn. to Tex., Ariz. E and Minn.—Sum.-fall —Olten c
CARDUACEAE 1429
74. WEDELIA Jacq. Perennial, caulescent, diffusely branching and
creeping herbs. Leaves opposite: blades typically or predominantly of a
cuneate type, coarsely few-toothed or -lobed. Heads hits peduncled, radiate.
Involucre broad, somew ian foliaceous: bracts in 2 or 3 unequal series, the outer
mostly longer than the r. Ray-flowers few: NER with broad yellow, 3-
lobed ligules. Deom with a eylindrie-(unnelform throat longer than
d turgid, tuberculate. Pappus a fim-
bri crown, deciduous.—About 40 species,
pes warm ed tropieal regions.
1. W. trilobata (L.) A. Hitehe. Stem and
branches creeping, fleshy: leaf- ps o
or elliptic and cuneate at the 10 e
long, coarsely few-toothed, or E ne
or less olds s e se, or abru tly ar-
rowed into t petiole-like base: outer
bracts of ae ie elliptic to o ovate, lax:
iens of the ray 2i i nh elliptic, 8-
m. long: anthers about 2 . lo ong: achene of the ray obovoid, 4—4.5 m
mus coarsely obeunt. zn of Bay Biseayne, Fla.—(W. I. yen —All ae
TEMMODONTIA Cass. Perennial, caulescent, Helianthus-like herbs
or partly woody plants. Leaves opposite: blades of a lanceolate or an
ovate type, entire or shallowly toothed. Heads hos. peduneled, radiate.
voluere rather broad, somewhat foliaceous: bracts in 3 or 4 unequal series, ihe
outer mostly longer than the inner. Ray-flowers ee corolla with broad yellow,
often 2-lobed ligules. Disk-corollas with a nearly cylindric throat much ha
An-
than the tube; lobes ovate-lanceolate.
C Yo
bracts of the Be pem elliptic to
wly
sagittate the base, with ovate ap-
j :
lanceolate, lax: Tigu pe of = ray narro
pendages. Stigma viret tsar Achene
0 ned, ed,
elliptie: anther t 3 mm. long: achene of the ray elipti -cuneate, about 4
of W.
fthe ray flat thick-margin pu-
bescent. as: a ee crown, persistent.
: S
mm. long, bo bent —Waste- Ecce Coastal Plain, Ala. Nat
I.—Sum.-fall.
——About 6 species, tropical American.
calycina (L. C. Rich.) O. E. Schulz.
Stem and branches erect, m ostly 2 m. tall or
: le
crenate-serrate, rough-pulescenf gradually
narrowed or rounded base: outer
76. PASCALIA Ortega. Perennial, eaulescent herbs. Leaves oppo-
site: blades entire, toothed, or somewhat lobed. Heads erect, radiate. In-
1430 CARDUACEAE
voluere api dp outer bracts herbaceous,
membranous. Ray-flowers pistil-
we pes yellow, — e Disk-flowers
i corollas with a very short tube, a
g roat
lon nd toid lobes. Anthers
much ; nger than the filaments. A
various, those of the ray 3-angled, those of
are often accompanied by awns.—One species.
1. P. glauca Ort tega. Stem mostly 1 m
tall or less, glaucous: leaf-blades 3-ribbed,
1 dm. long or shorter on the upper n a
the stem, those of the lower cauline lea
ovate-lanceolate or need ovate, ley toothed, those of the upper MT
21 bud lanceolat or narrowly lanceolate, repand or entire: involuere
1.5-2 wide; br dcus lanceolate to linear, the larger ones > 15 mm. long:
ligules of the ray- -flowers bright-yellow, 1-1. 5 em. long: achene 5-6 mm. xt —
Waste-places and roadsides, coast of N Fla. Nat. of Chile —BSpr.-fall.
77. BORRICHIA Adans. Fleshy, maritime, erect herbs or shrubs.
Leaves opposite: blades thick, entire, or toothed. Heads erect, on stiff
peduncles. Involuere hemispheric or flattish: bracts fleshy or leathery. Ray-
flowers yellow, fe Disk-eorolas with a cylindrie-funnelform throat and a
very short tube: lobes eciliate. Free portions of the filaments much longer
than the corolla-tube. Pappus crown-like.—AÀbout 5 species, American.—
SEA OX-EYES
Outer bracts of the involucre spreading or reflexed at neu per RS the
ed.
dui Mud pipe d B. frut ns.
Outer bract the involucre appressed at maturity: bractlets
of the Scccptacie obtuse or barely mucronate. 2. B. arborescens.
1. B. eb n DC. Plant 2-7 ~ tall: leaf-blades linear-spatulate
to obov long: outer bracts of the involucre acute, the inner
ones he imer) —Shores, sand- N
prairies, and salt-marshes, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex. and S Va.—(W. I., $.)—
Sum.-fall, or all year S.
2. B. arborescens (L.) DC. Plant 2-12
dm. tall: leaf-blades e or spatu-
n
late-oblanceolate, 3— r braets
0 e involuere iut , the i ones
rounded he apex.—Shores, sand-dunes,
and low waste hammocks, an
Fla. Keys.—(W. I. Mex., C. A., S. A.)—
All year.—This species is much more variable
a the preceding one. The plants become
ery robust and succulent in strictly saline
jocos The foliage various from glabrous
and glossy green to densely pale silky-canese he glabrous form has been
described as B. glabrata Small and may be Du distinet from the pub-
escent and larger tori
CARDUACEAE 1431
78. TITHONIA Desf. Annual, Helianthus-like herbs. Leaves alternate:
ei bs or three lobed. Heads large, erect, on peduncles swollen just
belov e involucre. Involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate: bracts in
ios series, the other short and appressed, the inner long, appressed at the base
and somewhat foliaeeous above. Ray flowers several, neutral: ligules yellow,
showy. Disk flowers perfect: EM yellow, with a short villous tube dilate
into a long throat: lobes lanceolate. Stigmas slender, hirsute. Achene broad-
ened upward, flattened, four-angled, wingless
embraced by the bractlets. Pappus of 2
awns or scales, caducous or persistent, ac-
companied several shorter, always per-
beseent, scabrous or glabrate above, tapering i
abruptly to a cuneate-winged peti
uci. braets of two kinds, the Bac pr ovate, striate and appressed,
usually aeute, the inner long, Wie dens. striate, somewhat d oo above,
usually obtuse or rounded, appressed at the e, 18-25 mm. d ligules 4-6
em. 1 i apex: ac s
Indies.
LT. diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray. Plant up
to 4.5 m. tall, with à branching, woody stem,
slightly pu ubescent or dA leaf- blades
ovate 2 outline, 3—5 lobed, r entir n the
sistent, seales.—F our or five species, native
of Mex WwW
upper stem, E ate, pubes AUR ben ath, pu-
e pubeseent about 6 mm. long.—Pine-
xieo, Central Ameriea and the West
ng, t a
eae roadsides, and about gardens, em Fla. Nat. of Mex. rt eult.— All
yea
o
E
[e]
B
ect
®
etd
eM
ps
Oo
77. HELIANTHUS L. Annual or perennial, coarse, erect or diffuse
herbs. Leaves various, the first ones opposite, sooner or later the succeeding
ones becoming alternate, or in a few species very rarely all alternate: blades
he
sometimes with accessory and intermediate scales, the whole pappus readily
eaducous; each flower subtended by a conduplicate, Aes braetlet on the
receptaele. Braets of the involucre in 3 or 4 series, green.—About 100 species,
American.—Sum.-fall, unless otherwise stated.—SUNFLOWERS.
Disk-corollas with red, purple, or brown lobes. . RUBRI.
Disk-corollas with yellow lobes. II. FLAVI.
ae
Ray-flowers with ligules more than
. lon
Leaves more or less pubescent, "but not dencel y white-hairy.
Blades E the cane leaves of a long-linear type, 2—8
wi
Heads ma leaves alternate. 1. H. dious Tonis:
Head soli tary: leaves opposite. 2. H. heterophyllus.
1 Contributed by Elba Emanuel Watson.
1432 CARDUACEAE
Blades of the cauline leaves of a lanceolate to ovate
e.
Leaves opposite,
Bracts of the Dy ouen linear, mucronate:
leaves chiefly
Bracts of bes involucre lanceolate, not mucro-
nate: leaves caulin
Leaves ENS e
is n diameter.
3 em. in diam ete
toward center of disk, conspicuously
nae bearded.
Chaff not thus bearded.
Leaf-blades decurr
towa e e: annual.
era not thus. “ciliate (often undu-
: perennial.
Leaf-blades obviously petioled.
Stem, especially the biandles con-
Spieuously white-villous.
Stem sages or, less pubescent, but not
as a
ve,
Plant erect: stems more or less
mottled.
Ja ant D
stems not con-
Spi usly mottled,
Leaves densely white-pubescent, especially beneath,
mar ls wanting or minute, the ligules less than 3 mm.
II. FLAVI
Leaves verticillate.
Leaves not verticill ate.
Leaf-blade
Head Saee: disk about 1.5 c
Heads several: disk about 1 Dg
xb of a linear, ees or vate con less than
10 times as lon
eat bide: linear io Mane ola te: never broadly so.
Leaf-blades densely white-pubescent both sides.
eaf-blade En more or less pubescent but not as above.
ranc Ri the inflorescence and leaves
it o op site.
Leavy aE -hispid : d aes
longer a a disk and r
Leave
da ter. about equ to disk and erect, or leaf-
below
inflorescence and leaves below
it alterna tes
Mature oe leaf-blades deeply and irregu-
larly serrate.
Cauline leaf blades entire or serrate, but not
as a
Bracts longer than the disk, very loose.
evenly tomentulose ; blades
d tted
f the ray
ight. "véllóse
Bracts Ebo as long q as the disk, not con-
ute margins,
ually undulate, ue tomentose be-
cath.
Qo
m
19. H.
20. H.
x2
an
Mom hh
i- H.
atrorubens.
rigidus.
annuus.
petiolaris.
agrestis.
floridanus.
vestitus.
cucumerifolius.
debilis.
argophyllus.
radula.
verticillatus,
simulans,
arnosus.,
longifolius.
Schweinitzii.
stenophyllus.
Eggertii.
21. H. grosse-serratus.
Qo
. H.
. H.
tomentosus.
Mazrimiliani,
. giganteus.
H. floridanus.
CARDUACEAE 1433
oua not revolute-margined,
not undulate, not tomentulose
Aa
Leaf- blades se rrate, the lower sur-
eda labrous except on the
erv ee 25.
Leaf-blades entire, at most, ob-
se iA denticulate, long-hispid
ben
. montanus.
Leaf-blades of a broadly Enc 2 ovate type.
Heads small: disk less than 8 mm. wide,
Leaves, stems, and bracts entitely glabrou 27.
Some or all of these parts more or less D en t.
Lea z blades firm, copiously resin- PR beneath :
H
26. H. alienus.
H. laevigatus.
H
em dark and D glaucous. 28. H. glaucus.
Lent blades thin, remotely if at all ceto: dotted
beneath: s ER ight, at most faintly
a ;
Bracts the involucre linear, abruptly
Cupied- vu short. 29. H. decapetalus.
Bracts of the involucre loo e but not re-
xed : peduncles ae and. very slender, 30. H. microcephalus.
Heads larger: disk more than 8 mm
Leaf-blades broadly decurrent o eoe lateral
nerves confluent only a TM ue the middle
of the blade, the AR from the confluence
often as long as the
Basal leaves numerous, Spree ximate and per
sis a t; cauline leaves few and greatly re- .
duc 31. H. occidentalis.
Basal leaves often fugacious; cauline leaves
a evenly disposed on the stem and not .
dd educed. 2. H. Dowellianus.
Leaf-Hades eile or petiolate; if decurrent, the
petiole (from the confluence of the lateral
ml much less than half the length of th
e
Bracts of the involucre about as long as the disk.
Leaves opposite; blades sessile and often
clasping: bra nches conspicuously erect. 33. H. mollis.
Leaves opposite or alternate; blades not
clasping : branches spreading.
Base Eo leaf-blade obtuse, cordate or
undish ; petiole distinct or blade
only briefly decur 2L
Leaves ODDO site and "divari cate. 34. H. divaricatus.
Leaves alternate (ra Be pec
not divaricate. 35. H. saxicola.
Base of leaf-blade more poin ted, decur-
Leaves mostly or all alternate, light
reen, even a Short-hispid above,
short- ‘hirsute beneath, not glaucous
beneath. 36. H. tuberosus.
Leaves m tly opposite, dark green
above, glabrous beneath, except on
the nerves, and 37. H. strumosus.
Bracts of the involucre longer pies “the disk.
H. decapetalus and H. reindutus) ;
ade-decurrent to the base of the petiole. 38. H. reindutus.
Blad t Der to the e of
etiole, distinctly petiolate.
Leaf-blad E thin, ovate, very sparingly
pubescent branches of the inflo-
rescence and rarely the uppermost
leaves alterna 29. H. decapetalus.
Leaf-blades aa "bsoadiy lanceolate,
ER rough-pubescent : branches
e i ud pposite. 9. H. hirsutus.
Leaves altern e (lower cauline rarely oppo-
site in A o
f Blades densely tomer e ben eath
S ie broadly decurrent
the ud x the | 40. H. doronicoides.
Leaf-bla des t-petio-
late, pes broadly CURE and mus
qui ite o the base of the petio 22. H. tomentosus.
MED sss sss s eS
1434 CARDUACEAE
Blades more or less pubescent, but n
densely tomentose or tomentulose,
Leaf-blades conspicuously resin- n
ulos
n le if ans lighter than the
er, 41. H.resinosus.
Leaf. lades Ades surface
ighter than the upp 22. H. tomentosus.
Leaf-blades n “conspicuously resin-
dotted ath.
Leaf-blades EU at the base,
decurrent almost to d base of
the. Bc etiole: bracts loos 42. H. validus.
Leaf-blades T or at least
broad toward the base, not de-
Gent to pu "base of the peti-
ole: bracts er 48. H. laetifiorus.
angustifolius L. Perennial: stem 1-2 m. high, slender, simple to the
infloreseene, hispid: obs alternate: “blades varying in width from 2—4 mm
in sunny,
exposed places to about 1 e
moist, shady pd usualy m em. dons
evolute xcept whe ray-flowers
with bright A N Tiguls: ice of the disk-
corollas red-purp t ground, wet pine-
lands, woods, a x —€— Coastal Plain and
adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex., Mo., and N. Y.
—A showy plant, often in "large pet
heterophyllus Nutt. Perenni
lands, edges of swamps, and marshes, eu Plain, Fla. to an
There are no erown buds no eth s; the longer of the fibrous roots pro T
out 2
cm. p. rom the ur which grows at once, the daughter plants often
one the same season
is ten 2 em. wide, corollas of the disk very dark.—Wet clay soil, low ne-
La. N.
3. H. L. Perennial: stem about m. high, proud very
n Pech pru to e. inflorescence: a ee large, approximate,
opposite: blades mainly ovate, oval, or elliptic; the cauline dei alternate,
roadly ovate, obtuse, t ae. blades abruptly contracted be t
1
short, deep yellow ligules: disk-flowers with very dar
woods, ereek-banks, and shaded mountain sides, various provinees, Fla. to La.
Mo., and Va. ib dc propagation is from axillary buds at the base of the
NN
a ery coarse in i
hispid, the hairs often very long: heads 7 on the stem and branches, oe
disk of ide
4, H. rigidus (Cass.) Desv. Perennial: stem 0.7-1.75 m. high, rough, simple
blades m ceolate, ed Ren.
. een
pressed, ‘obtuse, quibua ciliate: disk-cor oll :
pus usually with many s vui ntermediate seales. [H. scaberrimus Ell.
ae ae ae Rydb.]— andy soil, usually on prairies, various provi nces,
Ga. to Tex.—The i "ed mem uen: tips which bear abundant rootlets.
CARDUACEAE 1435
5. H. annuus L. nual, similar to the DERE but taller, more branched,
ae less ee "disk -corollas shorter than in the preceding, and the lobes
brow -red rather than mage bis or in eultivated forms the e of
the Eom is frequently yellow y plains, various provinces, Tex. to Sask.
and Minn.; also cult. grounds, a Ss and fields throughout. the E T. S.
6. H. pe | Nutt. Annual: stem simple or, in vigorous plants, much
anched, rough: leaves suena bod Tanceolate to ovate, mostly entire,
distinetly cro very variable m. long, in n normal plants about
7 em. long, densely appress ics scabrous on Lun iden blue-green: inflorescence
terminal and axillary, profuse, Ms a very showy: bracts of the inv olde
broadly seg about a s lon id e disk, e ' densely hispidulous, du
without cilia y-flowers with ar S abou . long: disk 1-2.5 e
wide: lobes f disk eorollas red-purple .— Plains, hills, “river-bottoms, and r Aes
banks, MAR provinces, Tex. to Ariz., Ore., Sask., and Minn.; also waste- PR
and cult. grounds in the
7 ne om estis Pollard. Annual m. high, light-green, glabrous,
sulea vigorous plants much me vs E es alternate; blades broadly
elliptic. ecce very light-green, hispid on both sides, the midrib beneath and
the margin towar rd are base with long, rather remote bristly cilia: heads few
but very showy: bracts of the involucre pee em glabrous, erect: ray-flowers
with en yellow T disk-eorollas deep-violet. [H. Curtissu Fernald.]—
Pinelands, serub, and prairies, often along ditches, pen. Fla.
8. H. floridanus Gra pia es stem 1-2 high, uu Ye leaves
alternate toward the of the m (opposite in small individuals); blades
lanceolate, sessile or aie le, yer above, mos uy fine- “tomentose d
revolute, often ien A SO and apparently undulate, ostly 6-8 cm. long:
florescence one to four or five hea a loose pan wm of ‘the Hi gus
about as m as the di "e disk- rollas eee "ud ped brown lobes, rarely yel-
l undulatus Chapm.|—Woods, thickets, and edges of fields, Coastal
Plain, Fla. p La.
9. H. vestitus E. E. Watson. Annual: stem 6-7.0 dm. high, lax, densely
white- mir cd profusely branched leaves alternate, crowded; blades deltoid-
lanceolate, mostly abou em. long, de eeply irregu ularly serrate, or lobed,
hispid hirsute. beneath, peur. ially on the veins y as hispid 'above, dis-
tinctly Poo e petio — long, slender, very ute: heads terminal on
the stem and branches: bracts of the invo wees linear- pd attenuate, longer
than the disk, deni En very loo ray-flowers with oval ligules 1.5
em. long; disk 1 em. wide; lobes of the disk. aioe purple: iei villous.—
Sandy places, Hog Island, Fla.
ae H. cucumerifolius T. & G. Annual: stem erect, 1-2 m. tall somewhat
ough above, with ascending e mostly above the middle: leaves alter-
avis blades de itoid. -ovate, 5-8 em. long, acute, irregularly serrate, strumose-
setose SIBOve, seabrous- n cae cordate; petioles about as long as the
blades: heads 1-3 terminating the stem and the branches: bracts of the in-
ne Euh ie] lanceolate, longer than the«disk, scabrous, scarcely ciliate: disk
rollas with red-purple lobes —s: andy places near the
and Tex: ; uc Red in Fla. through cult —Sum.-fall.—Cult. form
ve low disks.
H. debilis Nutt. Annual: stem more or less branched at the base, the
pun decumbent or horizontal, up to 1 m. long, subglabrous to hispid: leaves
alternate; blades deltoid-ovate, acute, 5-8 em. long, irregularly serrate, scabrous
setose and deep-green on both sides, broadly cuneate to cordate; petioles sca-
1436 CARDUACEAE
brous, about one-third as long as the blades: heads puse the stem and
the branches: peduncles hispid: bracts of ve involuere narrowly lanceolate,
longer m the En ick d e ray-flowers "With light- n
ligules about 1.5 e : di sk abou "vide, its corollas with red-p
ple
lobes.—Coastal one o and sts “introduced! into sandy places ud.
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and Ga.—All yea
H. argophylus T. & G. Annual: did 1-2 m. high, branched, densely
white -tomentose, especially on younger par leaves alternate: blade es ovate,
mostly entire, 1-2 dm. long, the petiole E “little a orter, densely pubescen nt:
heads large, very showy: bracts of the e rate-acu minate, white-
: disk 2-3 em. in di .
andy places, wood and chaparral, various p1 e Te, often ee and
readily escaping and persistent through the southeast.—Similar ANNUUS,
but shorter and less branched. The leaf-buds are densely long, white- -pubescent.
13. H. radula (Pursh) T. & G. Perennial: stem erect from an ped
base, about 0.5-1 m. high, hirsute d simple to the inflorescence:
opposite, the basal ones crowded into a rosette, with obovate or Pai
blades 5-21 em. in d cauline uà ps reduced, I flower-
x : e s large:
min ong: disk
head, often EH the e Snvolueral a. suffused with
Sandy pinelands, flat-woods, and oak-ridges, Coasta 1 Plain n, Fla. to Ala. and
Ga.—There are no rootstocks, and ue propagation is by crown- -buds.
H. verticillatus Small. Perennial: stem slender, less than 2 m. high,
glabrous leaves verticillate in 4’s, blades Pu narrowly sessile, about
p m. long, seabrous above, finely s short- -pubeseent and paler beneath: inflores-
ence a cyme: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, sub-glabrous, a little longer
than the ‘disk: disk-corollas yellow. —Wet sandy soil, Interior Low Plateaus,
Ten
15. H. simulans E. E. Watson. pde ial: stem erect, simple to the in-
florescence, seabrous-strigose: leave —— crowded ; blades mee mostly
abou em. long, revolute, ous Dn above, tomentulose beneath: heads
showy: bracts of the involucre TH ace onger than the disk, thinly
pubescent, iuda eiliate: the ray-flowers with ligules deeply 2-3-dentate at
the apex, 2-3 em. long: corollas of ie disk yellow.—Wet muck, low woods, and
pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.—Differs from H: angustifolius, with which
it is often confused, by its yellow disk.
16. H. a Small. Perennial: stem Nus l m. high, slender, glabrous,
arising f ass of basal leaves surmounting a bu ee ae Rod a es
iei lades varying from ovate-spatulate to T lin 4—17
ong; cauline jus d e quus succu es nt: a
single terminal head on the m em: bra of the involucre ae -lanceo-
m. wide, a little longer than the disk and inet ray- ide. Ww ith
s Es 2 em. long and 2-3-dentate at the apex: disk 1.5 . wide
corollas yellow.—Wet sandy soil, mostly about ponds, N Fla.—The m stem
arises from one side of the bulbous base and the basal clump of leaves from
the other side; rootstocks none, a is from crown buds.
17. H. longifolius Pursh. Perennial, similar to the preceding species: stem
simple to the much branche A inflorescence, orren pu rplish: leaves opposite or
= upper d blades narrowly linear-o ceo the longest being 25
. long, chiefly basal and sheathi ing the i m: mom scence an open panicle
head E iion in H. carnosus; bracts of the involuere narrowly a.
CARDUACEAE 1437
about as long as the s P rus ciliate: disk pA ud than 1
em. wide, its eorollas y ray-flowers with ligules about 1.5 c ong.—Wet
sandy d T glades and sandhill ed Coastal Plain and adj. Boc m Ga.
nd A
18. H. Schweinitzii T. & G. Perennial: stem erect, branched, 1-2 m. high,
strigose or glabrescent in age, purple: leaves alternate 'above; blades lanceolate,
ese
ceolate, a little shorter than the disk, pubescent: disk about 6 mm. wide,
corollas yellow.—Dry, often sandy and ro eky woods, various pcd Ga. to
la. and N. C. |
19. H. stenophyllus e & d a E. Watson. Perennial, with stout branched
rootstocks 1-3 dm. long: ste 0-1 m. high, slender, simple, scabrous-hispid,
S Eon leaves jo blades à arrowly lanceolate, ed acute, 10—15
ong, poi ted at the e base, thiek, densely ne se-hispid above, scabrous-
hispid vd the d more or less winged by the decurrence of the Md de:
inflorescence cymose, bracts of the involucre linear-lan , longer n the
disk, loose, recurved, , densely hispidulous; ray-flowers with. gules ee yellow,
2.5 cm. long, disk 1 . wide, its corollas yellow, the n R —La.
Tex., and Okla. D not east of the Mississippi Riv
. H. Eggertii Arne Perennial: stem erect, slender, n glabrous,
glaueous, 1-2 m. high: leaves opposite, or the e uppermost alterna ate in vigorous
plants; blades MN aeute, thinnish, glaueous on both sides, eonspicuously
. SO beneath, strumose-setose above, glabrous beneath: obscurely serrulate broadly
m. lo i fe
e et ou à g: in
heads on short peduncles from the axils of the alternate upper leaves; involuer
eylindrieal; braets broadly qr e acuminate, not b VR dps a little ipla
than the disk, glabrous: ray-flowers with ligules abou 1.5 em. long: disk about
-2 em. wide, its corollas yellow. ictus often rocky hills, ne Low Plateau,
nn.
H. grosse-serratus Martens. Perennial, with abundant, often branched
rootstocks and Rr roots: stem 1-3.5 m. high, simple to the inflorescence,
glabro ous, glaucous; leaves npa prin broadly lineas lanceolate, grossly
e v
en 15- .
above 1 fine, e short, straight hairs i eontraeted to a
e petiole which is 4-8 cm. long, the upper leaves smaller and less deeply
se orescence e many "is aded-paniele: heads large and showy: involuere
MAL Rue braets linear-laneeolate, attenuate, longer than the disk, loose
but not i very dark Vu. “subglabrous s; ray-flowers with bright yellow
ligules, 2.5—4 em. long: disk d wide, its corollas yellow.—Rich soil, fields,
pa . to Tex., N. M.,
tomentosus Michx. Perennial, with rootstocks 3-4 long and
u
sparingly tomentose, ae iode d: inflorescence a small panicle, the
peduncles slender; heads a poss of the involuere linear- buc loo se,
reflexed, hispidulous, as EE | n the disk: ray-flowers with ligules
about 9 em. Long, bright-yellow, "pubesce t and resin-dotted on lower surface:
disk 1-2.5 em. wide, its corollas on. Duet resin- out —Woods and
hillsides, Piedmont and adj. Blue Ridge, Ga. to Ala., and V
1438 CARDUACEAE
23. H. Maximiliani Schrad. Perennial: stem 1-2 m. high, very scabrous,
the S
. long, and bea a heads: heads shox wy: braets of ae involucre narrowly
Ere pape: qus scabrous- CR E) attenuate, longer than the disk,
loose, but not reflexed: ray-flowers with many, but sho rt ligues. distinetl
cupped: disk en often 2 cm. wide, its e yellow. a S ne and rocky
2 plains and prairies, various provinces, Tex. to Man E adv.
n the E U. S.—The Texan specimens are often coarsely ta pene rou
24. H. giganteus L. Perennial with numerous short rootstocks and crown-
longer then the disk,.dark green, glabrous, but conspicuously ciliate: ray-
flowers with ligules s about 1.5 em. long, oval, light- yellow: disk relatively large,
5 em. wide, its corollas ye ean v.—Sw mps and wet thickets, various
provinces, N. C. to Colo., Sask., Ont., :
25. n montanus E. E. Watson. Perennial: stem eee . high, dip ous, pur-
ple, striate, more or ie Saou, branching above: leaves alterna ate, blades
ARA about 12 e m. long, serrate, slightly Penney upper surface strumose-
rous, lower surface paler and gla brous except on the hispid nerves, the
petiole narrowly ese dion to its De inflorescence of 2 or 3 heads on
r
wide, its florets yellow, the rays about 2 em. long, the achene slender and
glabrous, chaff 3-cuspidate. —Stony or sandy soil various provinces, Fla. and
Ga.
26. H. alienus E. E. Watson. Perennial, with coarse woody roots: stem
1-1.5 m. high, stout, scabrous toward the apex, purplish, sulcate: leaves alter-
nate; blades lanceolate, obscurely denti culate, very narrowly sessile, 11-15 cm.
long, n e Bud 'geabro ous above, sparingly but long- hispid beneath, >
ft
s prom inflor cua few-flowered: heads showy: bracts o he
eai nm pe ieolate, about as long as the disk, densely hispidulous, EN
ing-eiliate: ray-flowers with ligules about 1.7 em. long: disk about > 3 cm. wide,
its corollas yellow, the chaff entire.—Woods, Blue Ridge, N. C. Va.
27. H. laevigatus T. & G. Perennial, with rootstocks rarely more than
cm. long: stem slender, erect, glabrous, 1-2 m. high: leaves mostly opposite,
ral ab in vigorous plants; blades narrowly, or o very broadly,
lanceolate, pointed at both ends, glabr n both : infioresce ew-
flowered panicle: heads small: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, En í
little longer than the disk; disk rarely exceeding 8 mm. in diameter: ray-
lon
flowers with ligules 1-2 em. long: E corollas yellow.—W oods, Blue Pi idge
and adj. provinces, N. C. to Ky. and V
28. H. glaucus Small. Perennial, with rootstocks 2-5 em. long: stem pur
ple, branehed, glabrous, glaucous, up o nearly 2 m. high; leaves EIN TT
above, though often all opposite: blades ovate to lance olate, firm, scabrous
a 1 y brown:
bene
heads many, small: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, about as long as the
disk: disk about 7 mm. wide, the corollas yellow.—Dry woods, various provinces,
Fla. to Miss., Ark. (2), a and N. J.
CARDUACEAE 1439
29. I decapetalus L. Perennial, with long rootstocks: stem slender, light-
green, glabrous, simple to the inflorescence: leaves opposite to the inflorescence
(branches of the latter mostly alternate); blades ovate, serrate, broadl
cur th 1 petiole, very thin, uis as remotely se
above, spa ly pubeseent benea heads very showy: braets of the ince
linear or linear-lanceolate, longer than the disk, very loose, often curling pen,
sub ro ray-flowers with ligules often ng:
: 0 .7 to s
wide; corollas yellow.—Rich woods, river- -banks, and Soden various prov-
inces, Ga. to Tenn., Mich., and Que.
30. H. microcephalus T. & ve Perennial, with rootstocks about 1 dm. long,
the crown buds numerous: stem very s slender du ds n, glabrous, simple:
leaves opposite, or sometimes the upper alter nate: blades very thin and delicate,
light-green, er E -lanceolate, ee pu 2 beneath, cen short-
hispid abov eads few, very small: ‘disk r arely exceeding 5 mm. in diameter
braets of the ener ubt. subglabrous, a little longer e y disk.—
Woods, thickets, and fence-rows, various provinces, Ga. to Ky. and Pa.
31. H. occidentalis Riddell. Perennial, with rootstocks 2-3 dm. long, the
terminal bud pro n a daughter plant during the season, and numerous fine-
fibrou a oots: stem a risi d » rom a basal rosette which is not always Donde
simple to the cabrous; leaves opposite, crowded toward the base
of the E. blades oval in ‘ene either very narrowly or very broadly so,
exceedingly "variable in à entire or serrulate, gh above, hispid
coro
yellow.— pA D ist wi ud ene soil, woods, bi and prairies, Med
provinces, F "Tex Minn., Ohio, and N. e plants are large
vigorous in black. rich ‘soil, len (Tn no less web on in dry, sandy soil.
32. H. Dowellanus M. A. Curtis. Perennial, with rootstocks 1-3 dm. long
and fibrous roots: stem 1-2.5 m. high, usually simple, rarely branched, ap-
pressed-pubescent or ae rarer leaves more numerous and more approxi-
ate towards the base of stem, opposite below, alternate above; blades ovate,
acute, rather densely short-hispid beneath, da rk- -green, concolor, contracted at
r
ligules about 2 cm. long: disk about 1 cm. wide, its corollas yellow: achene
pubescent at the apex and on the angles.—Open woods, rocky banks, and sandy
bottoms, various provinces, Ga. to Ill, and D. C.
33. H. mollis Lam. Perennial, with stout rootstocks about 15 em. long, the
tomi bud. very large, and numerous erown-buds, the roots fine-fibrous: stems
0.5—1 m. high, more or less tufted, - eabrous- hirsute, ced simple, if branched,
the branches elosely ascending, even par ralle lt th ain stem, the pubescence
1
neles S : h :
broadly linear-lanceolate, about as long as the disk, densely pubescent:
flowers numerous, with dei 2-3 em. long: disk 2-3 cm. wide, its corollas
yellow.—Prairizs, barrens, woo nd fields, various provinces, Ga. to T ex.,
Kans., Ia., and Mass ae ar cultivated.
. 1440 CARDUACEAE
Me H. divaricatus - Perennial, with numerous rootstocks 1-7 dm. long
f oots: stem simple to the inflorescence, or very vigorous D. often
MEN pur ode. usually purple if exposed to the sun, enlar and
ry TO v road, round at the base, subsessile, rough above, sparingly
pubeseent beneath, with remote, long, ascendi irs, divaricate: infl cence
a single, terminal head or else me: heads not very wy; bracts of the
Didi: tips: ray-flowers with narrow ligules about 2.0 em. lon ng: disk about 1 e
width, its corolla yellow.—Dry woods and old fields, various os Fla.
" La., Man., Ont., and Me.
35. H. saxicola Small. Perennial: stem slender, 0.8—1.5 high, g D
glaucous, reddish, simple; leaf arrangement unstable, Slate or opposite
he base to a short disti
petiole 2-3 em. long, dark-green and a above, paler and glabrous pep.
the main veins sometimes slightly short-hispid: inflorescence solitary o w-
flowered: heads showy; epe of the involucre broadly pco a little M
than the disk, glabrous or subglabrous, somewhat reflexed: ray-flowers wit
ligules 2-2.5 em. long: disk pde 1.5 em. wide, its corollas yellow.—Rocky and
sandy soil, Blue Ridge, Ga. to N. C.
36. H. tuberosus L. Tall, perennial, with tuber-bearing rootstocks: stem
simple or branched, robust, T rough, often 2-3 em. thick at the base, light-
green: leaves alternate above middle of the stem, in plants o all op-
posite: blades ovate, thinnis A short -hispid dE short- miae: beneath, Pa to
the d bc ‘contracted ae w to a diim ed petiole, 10—20.0 em. long
inflorescence paniculate: heads ae showy: um of the in dee jio s
or linear lanceolate, sparingly pubescent, often glabrous, nd ips recurv-
ing slightly, very dark ray-flowers with ligu s 2.5-4 em. long: disk
relatively small, rarely Ton ope l em. wide, the dE corolla yellow.— (ARTI-
M-ARTI CHOKE.)—Mois Or 2 rich soil, various provinces,
Fla. Sask., Ont., and N. S.—The plant is commonly cultivated for its
edible. a which e near for its wide distribution. as it is native only in
the western part of its range.
37. H. strumosus L. Perenni ial, with an often very long branched s
Stoek, the roots coarse: stem tall, erect, glabrous or subgl poids sometim
little pubescent toward the apex , mostly si mple, sometimes, when very vigo ioe
n bra Bn s leaves mostly o opposite: blades broadly per ie iE
te, acum t the apex, serrate or serrulate, rounded at the base, the
petiole ur p 10-15 cm. long, ee 'setose above, the strumae
becoming conspicuously white in dry specimens, much paler beneath, and (in
the southern states) pubescent beneath only on the main veins: inflorescence
cymose, bra 0 lr ae all opposite: ray-flowers with
ligules 2-3 em. long: disk 1-2 wi its corollas yellow: bracts of the
involucre E lanceolate; pm usd glabrous, never more than very
sparingly pubescent, ciliate, loose but erect —Dry woods, hillsides, and fields,
arious provinces, Ga. to Ark., Minn., and Me.
38. H. reindutus (Steele) E. E. Watson. Perennial with rootstocks 7—8 cm.
long, the erown buds numerous: stem reddish, especially above, glabrous,
rarely a little rough, 1—2 m. high: leaves Spat or sometimes alternate above;
blades lanceolate, serrulate, narrowly sessile, firm, glabrous or remotely nee
above, very remotely scabrous beneath, the scabra usually = rge and blun os
MEL usually appresse ee -ciliate below: inflorescence a 2 ely
branched, open panicle, the branches very slender: heads 2. braets of p
Seaside n. ppm Tue the disk, loose, often reflexed, scarcely ciliate:
CARDUACEAE 1441
disk 1—1.5 em. wide, its florets yellow.—Woods and shale-barrens, Blue Ridge and
Appalachia ns N. C. a nd Va.—Similar to H. laevigatus, but differs by its profuse
inflorescence, and its pubescent leaves.
39. H. hirsutus Raf. Perennial, with stout abundant profusely branched
rootstocks 1-3 dm. long: stem stout, 0.5-1.7 m. hi igh, hispid, often branched,
the pubescence spreading or retrorse: leaves opposite ; blades ovate to o vate-
lanceolate, thick, rounded or obtuse at the base, on shor rt, stout RA oles 1- 2 em
long, m diis above, hispid-hirsute, often densely beneath: «do coh nce
e, its branches rarely more than 10-15 em. long: braets of the involucre
Ioue M OU very loose, longer than the disk di nda densely hispidu-
lous: dci eaa with oval ligules 2 em. long: disk 1-2 em. wide, its corollas
yellow.—Open, often rocky Didi river-banks, prairies, b old fields, various
provinces, Ga. to Tex., Kans., Wisc., and Pa.
40. H. doronicoides Lam. Perennial, wit stout rootstocks with
woody roots: stem stout, 1-2 m. high, usually prd softly DL d leaves
ea
eneath: infl
peduncle 1-4-flow re bracts of the pai: linear-lan ceolate, loose, reflexed,
longer than the disk, densely pubescent: ray-flowers with oval ligule s, 2-3 em.
ong light-yellow: disk about 1.7 em. wide, its corollas yellow, the lobes puberu-
nt.—River ee prairies, is woods, various provinces, Ala. to Ark.
Mo. a nd Ohio
H. resinosus Small. Perennial: stem 1-2 m. high, slender retrorsely
hispid: cdd e below but alternate above, or in small plants all oppo-
site; blades r oblong-ovate, narrowly sessile, us d with rather long
hairs above, nte. but not densely so, and copiously resin-dotted beneath.
thin in te xture: heads few on long pe eduncles, either cymose or paniculate:
bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, longer than the disk, reflexed, pubes-
cent, resin-dotted: ray- bou with ligule es 2-2.5 em. long: disk 1-1.6 em. wide,
its corollas yellow, both rays and disk florets copiously resin-dotted. —Woods,
Fla. —Very similar " H. tomentosus but more delieat
49. H. validus E. E. son. Perennial: stem slender, 1-2 m. high, branched
toward the apex, dr with very fine scabra: leaves alternate ; blades broadly
see -elliptic, obscurely serrulate, acute at both ends, 10-
ous-setose above, sparingly hispi id and resin-dotted beneath: inflorescence
3— rather large heads Me are solitary on leafy peduneles on the stem
is branehes: braets of the involuere linear-lanceolate, sparingly short- o
ent or puberulent, scarcely ciliate, rd than the di sk, loose but erect: ray-
pecie with ligules 1.5 em. long: di sk 1.5—2 em. wide, its MEM yellow.—Blue
Ridge, N. C.
43. H. laetiflorus pad: Perennial, with numerous Br branched root-
stocks: stem erect, rough but shining, 1-2 m. high, simple to the inflorescence:
leaves opposite, or alternate on the upper part of stem in vigorous :
stou
cending, not very leafy branches, very handsome: bracts of the involucre
ian d peda usually w ith 2-3 dark brown lines: ray-flowers
with ligules em. long, deep-yellow: disk 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, its corollas
yellow. ea Pu ud woods, and banks, various provinces, Ga. to Mo., and Ill.
80. PHOEBANTHUS Blake. Perennial, Helianthus-like herbs, the stems
arising from horizontal tubers. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades typically
91
1442 CARDUACEAE
narrow. Heads erect or nearly so, radiate. Involucre hemispherie or de-
pressed: braets narrow or broad, vdtinistely lax. ay-flo wers pgs en
with a very short tube and a long yellow ligule. Disk-corollas with rie-
funnelform throat abruptly narrowed into the short tube. Tilamenis lightly
shorter than the anthers. Stigmas linear-lanceolate. Pappus sometimes of sev-
eral scales between chaffy awns or teeth.—T wo Ene ies as follows:
Leaf-blades linear or linear-lanceolate: involucral bracts appressed: ray-flowers
i 1. H. grandiflora.
Leaf-blades linear-filiform: involucral bracts spreading: ray-
flowers 10-15. i 2. H. tenuifolia.
P. grandiflora (T. & G.) Blake. Stem 6-13 dm. tall, simple or sparing gly
PE above: leaves mostly pur n linear to "Hnear-lanceolate, 2-6
rev volut
eolate r n
with laneeolate or ovate tips, hispidulous,
the tips rather lax: ray-flowers s 16-20; ligules
yellow m. d:
,9 long is
ac 5—6 long, narrowly marg
wing-margined, strongly ribbed, pubescent
about the upper edge, each side ted
by a tooth, and one b th ometimes pro-
Piet yo z awn. [Helianthella grandi-
flora G.]—Pinelands, oak-woods, and
i e T pen. Fla —Spr r.—fall.
2. P. tenuifolia (T. & G.) Blake. Stem 3-
11 dm. B simple or sparingly branched
above: leaves alternate or opposite or whorled on the N part of the stem;
blades linear filifor orm, 3-8 cm. long, acute, entire, revolute, very scabrous: heads
showy: involucral bracts linear-subulate to fre onceolete. attenuate, spread-
ing: disk 1-2 em. wide: achene unequally 4-angled, 3—4 mm. long, often
utely pubescent, the margins prolonged into triangular scales. [Helianthella
"err E T. & G.]—Sandhills and pinelands, N Fla.—Spr.-Fal.
81. XIMENESIA Cav. Annual, caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate or
sometimes opposite: blades toothed or somewhat laciniate. Heads peduncled,
voluere flatti
ar
angular. Filaments nearly as long as the
anthers. Pappus of short awns.—About 4
species, American.
1. X. encelioides Cav. Plant 3-7 dm.
pale- ala ipsas: cep or ae
late, 5-1 ong, serrate or incised, ae
da
ine
to linear-lanceolate , 15-20 mm. long: ligules cuneate, 1-2 em. long: achen 7
mm. long, broadly winged. — (SKUNK-DAISY. )—Hammocks and waste- a Key
West, Fla., and several points in Ala. Nat. from Tex. to Ariz., and Colo.
CARDUACEAE 1443
82. PHAETHUSA Gaertn. Perennial herbs or shrubby plants. Leaves
alternate or opposite: blades entire or toothed, more or less decurrent. Heads
numerous and clustered. Involucre narrow or broad: bracts not slender-tipped.
tube, the ligules white or yellow, or wanting. Disk-corollas with a campanulate
rout eontraeted into a shorter tube: lobes lanceolate to usi -lanceolate.
f t 3
Filaments ind pid than the anthers. Pappus of 1-3 awns.—Abou
species, American.—CROWNBEARDS.—The stem is ridged or E
Leaves alternate: ray-fiowers with white ligules.
Leaf-blades undulate, sinuate, or serrate. 1. P. virginica.
Leaf-blades pinnatifid or pinnately lob ed. 2. P. laciniata.
Leaves opposite: ray-flowers with yellow ligules. 3. P. occidentalis.
a (L.) Small. Stem 6-18 dm. tall, tomentulose or puberulent:
ieat blades etes acters np AE to oval or ovate, 0-21 em. long: larger
braets of the QU about 7 mm. long:
disk. ere about 5 mm. long: achene
winged, 5 mm. pm Md virginica
.]-— (FRosT-wEED. ÍNDIAN-
pta. —Dry soil, various on. Fla.
to Tex., Mo., and Pa.
2. p laciniata (Poir.) Small. Stem 7—16
dm. tall, tomentulose: leaf iR ovate to
elliptie “ovate | in outline, 5-22 em. long, the
segments etimes ae as oe bracts
of the AE about 6 mm. long: disk-
corollas about 5 long: inen obovate,
5-6 long: achene with wings as bro
as the body, 5 [Verbesina
laciniata (Poir) Nut t.] — Pineland and
sandy hammocks, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C.
P. occidentalis (L.) Small. Stem 9-20 pes tall, smooth and glabrous:
le af- blades ovate to Ba dq rd 0—20 long: la DE pieds of the
involuere about 6 mm. long, broadly linear: ligules 10-15 m ong: achene
with very long pa af bristles and wingless or nearly so, p ó mm. long.
[Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt.]—Rieh soil, various provinces, Fla. to
Miss., Ill, and Pa.
83. PTEROPHYTON Cass3 Perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alter-
nate or opposite: blades entire or toothed, deourront or sessile. Heads soli-
dun broad:
ry or few together, long-peduneled. Involucre broad: bracts shorter than
the disk. Ray-flowers when e 5—10 pes or neutral, but always
ind the ligules yellow or whiti Disk corollas with a eampanulate throat,
into a shorter tube: jd triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate. Fila-
ser jon than the anthers. Pappus of 1-3 very short, slender awns or
wanting.—About 15 species, American.
Stem winged: leaves decurrent. I. HETEROPHYLLA.
ate m wingless: leaves merely sessile. II. NUDICAULIA.
TEROPHYLL
Leaf-blades pees beneath, very ie stem jer to the in-
florescenc 1. P. helianthoides.
1 iiu by Edward Johnston Alexander.
a
1444 CARDUACEAE
Leaf-blades hispidulous beneath, somewhat blunt: stem spar-
ingly scaly above the middle. 2. P. heterophyllum.
II. NUDICAULI
dios scabrous: leaf-blades hie or meen slightly
ove the middle: heads rayles 3. P. paucifiorum.
Foliage hirsute or hispid : leat blades broadest at or below
the middle: heads with r 4. P.aristatum.
l; P: en (Michx.) Alexander. Stem 5-11 dm. tall finely pu-
bescen uci mostly alternate; blades ee to elliptic, 4-19 em. long:
0 linear: Er
bens cn A slender pappus-bristles, usually
arrowly winged, 5 mm. long. [Verbesina
helian tho ides Michx.]- Open ird and
thiekets, various provinces, Ga. "MC
and Ohio
Zi Ps odis am (Chapm.) Alexander.
Stem dm. tall, seabro-hispidulous:
leaves RE opposite blades elliptie, or
elliptic- P cm. long, serrate-
dentate: larger ae of the involucre
about 7 mm. long, elliptic- oo. ligules
15-20 mm. long: pou 1 ~ eed
br Eden E adly v
[Verbesina heterophylla p ms A. m ]—Dry susie Fla.
3. P. pauciflorum (Nutt.) Alexander. Stem 3-7 dm. tall, scabrous: leaves
P blades elliptic or slightly Aak above the middle e, 3-9 cm. long,
lucid: involuere about 1 em. high: ray-flowers wanting: achene with no pappus,
narrowly winged, 5-6 mm. long. LActinomeris paucifiora Nutt. Verbesina
Warei A. Gray. ]—Low pinelands, W F
4. P. aristatum (Ell) Alexander. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, hirsute to Pe
leaves remote; blades Sp: to elliptic- he or ase lanceola te, 3-10 e
high: -fl
long, scabrous: involucre 5-6 mm. high: ray-flowers 7-12: a ne wit th vum
pappus: a very broadly winged, 4-5 mm. n on [Verbesina nudicaulis
. Gra V. aristata (Ell) Heller. ]—Pinelands, TAM Plain and
adj. e Fla. to Ala., and Ga.
84. RIDAN Adans. Perennial, rather coarse, tall herbs. Leaves alter-
nate or opposite: blades usually toothed and decurrent. Heads several or
numerous. Involucre narrow: bracts few, spreading or recurving, becoming
lax. Ray-flowers few: ligules yellow or wanting. Disk-corollas many,
a funnelform throat rather abruptly contracted into the shorter tube: lobes
lanceolate. Filaments slightly shorter than the anthers. Pappus of 2 more or
less spreading awns, accompanied by 2 or 3 smaller awns, or scales. [Actino-
meris Nutt.]—Sum.-fall.—T'wo species, as follows:
Ray-flowers 2—8 : disk-corollas yellow. 1. R. alternifolia.
Ray-flowers wanting: disk-corollas white. 2. R. paniculata.
1. R. alternifolia (L.) Britton. Plant 6-25 dm. tall: leaf-blades elliptic,
9-30 cm. long: disk-corollas 5 mm. long: achene-body with ciliate wings.
ge BT TT dci RC T i 1... dir. Ea LSURU IALíLLGLL SL UELÀsÓHlulroluÁil|Àh||LAAXILLLLILALAZSLLLoUL.UuUAILLU !OALILULLUUL/IZLZZ VE,UEEEEGESALLCY,PIGURLLÁLLEEELLHLSIZEROLLLLLLLLLLLULLLZSCULULLAELLLULLOLLITULILLILAILABLLL!LCLC LU MMC OEC ALIOD DIR MM lli LOILISELIQOS GE LOULLLLLSÉSOLLALLL LLIULILTSEZLLIIOSXAEZ BIIGIBSIBISÓÓCSEILZZIXIES LSU
CARDUACEAE 1445
[Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) D C. |—Rieh
woods, moist thickets, and roadsides, various
provinces, Fla. to La., Ia., and N. J.
paniculata (Walt. Small. Plant
6-24 dm. tall: leaf-blades pio: to elliptie
or i. elliptic, 8—31 long: disk-
corollas 4 mm. long: sence bode with
toothed wings. Athanasia paniculata
Walt.]—Alluvial soil, Coastal Plain, Fla.
to La. and S. C. — The typieal habitat of
these species is the alluvial flood-plains of
creeks and river. There e plants grow very
tall and in donee colonie
. SYNEDRELLA Gaertn. Annual, pubescent, erect herbs. Leaves
opposite: blades usually toothed. Heads E i Involucre simple, nar-
row, several-flowered, with 1 or 2 herbaceous
ud several chaffy bracts. Ray-flowers few:
corolla with a very. slender tube and a yel-
low ligule. Disk-corollas with a cylindra-
ceous throat and a slender tube nearly or
quite as long: lobes broad. Filaments much
shorter than the linear anthers oo us of
2 3 awns becoming lon than the
OR in the disk.— Two BN tropical
American. |
1. S. nodiflorà (L.) Gaertn. Plant 3-8
dm. tall: e a 2E to elliptie, 5—10
em. long, petiole-like bases
ie ciliate: poses mm. high; larger bracts narrow: disk-corollas
out 4 long: achene 4-5 mm. long, those of the ray elliptic, with
m um bristles, on of the disk columnar or clavate.—Sandy soil
jm Mis ae Fla. Nat. of t trop. Am.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., S. A., O. W.)—
l yea
a. CALYPTOCARPUS Less. Annual, v erect, herbs. Leaves
opposite: blades toothed. Heads inconspicuous radiate. Involuere several-flow-
ered: bracts various, with 3 herbaceous and several pm Ray-flowers few:
corolla with a tube shorter than the yellow ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnel-
form throat and tube: lobes narrow. Anthers somewhat longer than the fila-
ments. Pappus of 2 or 3 awns with a rim at the base.—The following species:
Involueral bracts not ciliate: leaf- blades abruptly tapering at
the cuneate or subcordate base, broadest below the middle. 1. C. vialis.
mo bracts long-ciliate: leaf- blades long-tapering to a :
eate base, broadest above the middle 2. C. blepharolepis.
LE vialis Less. Stem 1—4 dm. long, branched at the base, the branches erect
or prostrate: leaf-blades ovate, 1—3 em. long, serrate, the petiole-like bases
1446 CARDUACEAE
Seabee than the blade, hispid: EAT 5-7
m: high; lar TEE r bracts broad: pe corollas
long: achene 4-5
mately muricate. —Dry soil and waste-
o S ~ to S Tex. (W. I., Mez., C. A.)
ll yea
2. C. blepharolepis B. L. Robin Stem
branched at the base, bond. Sopa
E leaf-blades 2-3 em. long, o les
entire nearly so: vien: om
ra
e
on o of the disk muricate.—Ten-
— Sum.-fal. — rsen intro-
duced, but anr unknown.
86. COREOPSIS L. Annual, or perennial herbs. Leaves various.
Heads Jaa radiate. Involucre campanulate to hemispheric: bracts
distinct or nearly so, the outer narrow. Hay-Howers several: corollas with
yellow, discolored, or pink ligules. Disk-corollas with a iunne form throat
and a stout or slender tube. Filaments mostly shorter than the anthers. Achene
with entire or pinnate wings, or wingless.—A bout 5 species, American, African,
and Australian.—DYE-FLOWERS. TICKWEEDS.
Suena with acute or cuspidate tips.
eaf-blades or their divisions with entire margins.
Stigma-tips euspidate: chaff of the receptacle with broad bases and attenuate
filiform tips: p iic simple or pinnately lobed.
—Subgenus EUCORE S. l. LANCEOLATAE.
Stigma-tips acutely Saute chaff of the receptacle
linear or with slightly dilated tips: leaf-blades
almately lobed.—Subgenus ANACIS. II, PALMATAE.
Leaf-blades evenly toothe d.— Subgenus. SILPHIDIUM. III. LATIFOLIAE.
Stigmas with truncate or obtusely conic tips. —Subgenus
ALLIOPSIS.
Achene wingless. IV. TINCTORIAE.
Achene winged.
Il with flat blades or divisions, not rush-like. V. ANGUSTIFOLIAE.
Leaves thick, rush-like. VI. NUDATAE.
LANCEOLATAE
n with 2o outspread wings F entire or fimbriate).
em Mon AN base, bearing long, naked, peduncle-
es
Ligules uniformly yellow.
Pla a glabrous except the ciliate bases of the
. C. lanceolata.
Pla nt. Dubcscont except near the WU uda 2. C. crassifolia.
Ligules with dark markings near the bas 3. C. nuecensis.
Stem leafy to near the s Anges peduncle ane t.
Leaf-blades of the main stem broad, simple or with 1-5
small lateral evi 4. C. pubescens.
Leaf-blades of the 2n stem pinnately parted into
rr
eus with Entra wings: petioles ciliate near
ase 5. C. grandifiora.
Athenes with fimbriate wings: petioles and entire
pla ne glabrous. 6. C. saxicola,
Achene with strongly mu. entire wings, which become
calles: thickened at maturit . C. auriculata.
II. PALMATAE
Leaves with petioled blades. 8.. C. tripteris.
Leaves with sessile blades.
1 Contributed by Frank Ellis Boynton.
CARDUACEAE
Disk-flowers with yellow corollas.
Leaf-segments entire, elliptic-ianceolate or lanceolate.
Leaf-segments 1—2-pin nately parted, very narrowly
linear or filifor
Disk-flowers with p le-brown coro
Do of ihe "Teaf- blades comparatively few, 2-4
. broad : internodes longer than the leaves.
Divisions of the leaf-blades ar numerous, appearing
dense fascicles, 1-2 broad: internodes
mostly shorter than the tenes
III. LATIFOLIAE
Plant with ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaf-blades
IV. INCTORIAE
Ligules of the ray yellow with crimson-brown base: flowers
of the disk with dark-red corollas.
Outer involucral bracts much shorter than the inner:
achene linear-elliptic, thin, flat
Outer involucral bracts Du about as long as the
idner: achene obovate, thick, convex
ka sc of the ray pink: flowers of the disk with yellow
rollas.
V. ANGUSTIFOLIAE
.Achenes with entire scarious margi ns.
ene un or Some ot them, lobed: internodes
Leaf-blades simple and entire: internodes mostly
much longer than the leaves.
Achenes with fimbriate or dissected winged margins
is Rs ud larger leaves of an elliptic, lanceolate, or
ype.
eee DASS little longer than the internodes
Lower leaves much longer than the internodes:
lades of the basal leaves linear, lanceolate, or
linear- o Bosco pointe
Leaf-blades simple and entire: ‘achene obovate
Leaf-blades often lobed: achenes elliptic, about
. long, the wing as wide as the body.
Blades of t the basal leaves elliptic or ODL ceo dta
obtu
DINE o. the larger leaves of an ovate or ovate-lanceolate
e opposite; petioles and blades (when young)
ciliate-margined.
Leaves alternate; margins naked,
I. NUDATAE
Plant with long-tapering leaves and pink- pony ligules.
Q
a
1447
. C. major.
. C. verticillata.
. C. delphinifolia.
. C. pulchra.
. C. latifolia.
. C. tinctoria.
. Drummondii.
. C. rosea.
. C. cardaminefolia.
. C. stenophylla.
. C. Leavenworthii.
. C. Lewtonii.
. C. angustifolia.
. C. longifolia.
falcata.
24. C. gladiata.
27.
. C. integrifol
. ©. heligninoides.
C. nudata.
1. C.lanceolata L. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves spatulate
to linear- ne a rarely with = or 2 lateral lobes (in C. lanceolata
e oy leaves with narrow blades
I h
: m
rens, woods, and stony fields, various pro-
vinces, Fla. to La. and Ont.—Spr.-sum.
C. crassifolia Ait. Plant 2-4 d
to elliptie, entire, usually pubescent
: : 0 t
r, 2.0-3 mm.
ng.—Dry soil, woods, and old fields, Coastal
lo
Plain and adj. pr ae neces, Ga. to La
and N. C.—Spr.-
1448 CARDUACEAE
3. nuecensis Heller. Plant up to 1 m. tall, usually i Sato blades of
the lower leaves ovate to elliptic in outline, us sually pinnately lobed, the lobes
elliptic: outer conic bracts lanceolate: ligules Du hos several ed
markings near the ped of
king h ac together appeari
suborbicular, about MÁS . long, the body with a der md callosity a either
end within, the wings near s s S broad as the body.—Moist soil, Coastal Plain,
S Tex., also mS d Prom OA eastward.
4. ©. pubescens Ell. Plant 6-12 dm. tall, AR leaf-blades ovate to
edd E the lobes small when present; outer involueral bracts linear-
lanceolate: achene orbicular, about 3 long.—Dry woodlands, thickets,
| ad old fields, various provinces, Fla. ie Miss. , Lil, and Va.—Sum.-fall.
5. C. grandiflora Hogg. Plant 3-6 dm. tall, glabrous edid the leaf-bases:
blades of the lower leaves nd ate or lanceolate, som s lobe . outer
bracts of the involucre lanceolate, 6-9 mm. long: A pev lar, 251 mn
i i soil, woods and reel US provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, Ga.
to Tex., N. Mex., and Md.—Spr
6. ©. saxicola Alexander. Plant up to 1 m. tall, glabrous throughout: leaf-
blades pinnately dissected into linear- MEL B eis outer braets of the
pain ee to lanceolate lon cr achene iii
2-3 mm. long, with i d glands on Te inner sr wings more or les
fimbri iy iu ted.—Dry soil, on and about Stone Min, in the Piedmont
of Ga., also Tallapoosa Co., in the Piedmont of Ala.—Sum
7. C. errs L. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, more or less pubescent: leaf-blades
round-oval to elliptic-ovate, sometimes with 1 or 2 small basal outer
involucral ee linear- elliptic, 7-9 mm. long: a val, 2-2.5 mm. long.—
Dry soil, woods, thickets, and Ie -plaees, various E Fla. po Miss.,
Tenn. » W. Va. A "Ya —BSpr.-
8. C. teris L. cd 8-30 di. tall, glabrous or nearly so: leaf- pape
deeply puri ided, the divisions elliptic-lanceolate or Dun or those o
the upper leaves End outer involucral bracts po 2-9 m . lon ng: e
elliptie, yellow w: achene prd 5-6 mm. long.—Woods, river- p, and old
fields, various provinces, Fla. to La., Tenn., and Pa cum -—fall.
C. or Walt. Plant 5-9 dm. tall pubescent (or glabrous in C. ed
"oer leat. ag d with elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate lobes (or lobes very
long and narrow in C. major rigida): outer inv olucral bracts linear- “elliptic,
5-6 mm. long: Reis elliptic, 5-6 mm. long. [C. bids Miehx. E T
woods, various provinces, Fla. to Miss., Tenn., W. Va. —Sum
Pe ios F L. Plant 5-9 dm , glabrous: leaf- blades with
div or twice aera ed pe linear-filiform lobes: outer
ier bd. linear, 5-6 mm. long: achene elliptic- have: 4-5 mm. lon aal
Dry acid soil, rocky places, oce and ud various Done rarely
Coastal Plain, Ala. to Kans., Nebr. , On t., N. J., and N. C—Sum.—fall.
11. C. delphinifolia Lam. Plant 8-15 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades with
the pude division parted into 3-5 ie lobes: outer involueral braets linear,
5-6 mm. lon g: achene elliptic, 5-6 mm. long.—Dry woods, pinelands, and low
unde various provinees, Ga. to Ala. and Va. um.
12. C. pulchra F. E. Boynton. Plant 4-7 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades with
the primary divisions parted into linear lobes: outer involueral bracts linear,
CARDUACEAE 1449
5-6 mm. long: achene pu winged, elliptic-obovate, bout 4 mm. long.—
Rocky POT N Ala.—Sum
13. C. latifolia Michx. Plant 9-15 dm. tall, pubescent or glabrate: leaf-
blades ovate to ovate- lanceolate, coarsely toothed: outer involucral bracts
rots linear, about ong: achene wingless, narrowly ee about
7 mm. long.— Se ooded Eng oe Ridge, N. C. and Tenn.—Sum
14. C. tinctoria L. Plant 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of d lower
leaves twice pinnately parted, the lobes linear ar i or line oute
involucral ovd E is -lanceolate, abou ong: a ne ` linear-
md about 2 . long.—Moist soil, prairies, e "delis, various provinces,
La. to Ariz., Sask., and Minn. ; also cult. and naturalized eastward — Sum.- fall.
C. Drummondii (D. Don) T. = G. ag t 2-4 Ren je ll pubescent or
nearly glabrous: pss of the lower leaves ovate, oval, or lanceolate, fre-
rigid entire, or like the upper ones with elliptic or "incus Dunt "lobes
(or with very narrow lobes in C. Drummond Wrightii): d Pared
bises ies Med 9-0 mm. long: achene boue about 2 lon
Dry soil and sandy prairies, Tex., also Eie from CU Iam poii um
—Sum
16. C. rosea Nutt. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades linear and
scale or ipd 2 or 3 linear lobes: nc bracts of the ra ang lanceolate, 2-3
ong: achene wingless, narrowly elliptic, about . long. —Moist, or
ree acid soil, o Plain, and occasionally other erus Ga. to Mas
d E Ten
o yi (DC.) T. & G. Plant 2-5 dm. tall, glabrous: blades
of th r leaves once or twice pinnately divided into elliptic or linear-
Dach D blades of the upper pe dis few-lobed or entire and lin
outer involucral bracts lanceolate, 3—4 long: achene eer "2. 0-9 mm
long.—Low grounds, various provinces, Miss. to Tex., Ariz. and Kans — Sum.
18. C. gh d Rp F. E. Boynton. Plant 4-8 dm. tall, pid -o of
the lower leaves entire and AE 2 mm. wide, or narrow
lobes, m of the upper leaves narrowly linear to Slitorm, E uu mes with
filiform lobes: outer involucral bracts lanceolate, 1—2 . lon achene elliptie,
1.5-2 mm. long, the wing 14 as wide as the body. — Pinelands, la —Sum.—fall.
C. Leavenworthii T. & G. Plant =e Meu tall, E blades of the
lower leaves mostly a 2 or more Ad w lobes, usually very narrow, (or
broad in C. Leavenworthii Garberi), of the upper leaves mostly entire
and narrow: ii involueral braets su n -lanceolate, 1-2 mm. long: achene
roundish o iod 2.5-3 mm. bi the wing as broad as the bo dy.— Pinelands and
moist prairi s, pen Fla. and the Keys.—All year.—A fusion of this-
hot in
plant is ud externally ns the Seminoles in cases of heat prostration.
20. C. Lewtonii Small. Plant 3-5 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves
2 or narrowly cuneate, m outer involueral bracts suborbicular, about
2 mm. long: achene not seen.—Low grounds, pen. Fla.—Sum
C. angustifolia Ait. Plant 5-7 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves
eA or oblanceolate, oo | involucral bracts ovate, 2-3 mm. long:
achene oval, 2.5-3 mm. long.—Low pinelands and swampy ' places, eee
Plain, Fla. to Tex. and N. C.—Sum. “tal l.
1450 CARDUACEAE
longifolia Small. Plant 7-10 -dm. tall: gis of ies lower bd
linear- -elliptie, eae E or linear, entir outer involueral braet
lanceolate, 2-4 mm. long: achene obovate or PNE in outline, ~ 4 mm.
lon —Low erm and thickets, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Fall
23. C. falcata F. E. Boynton. Plant 8-12 dm. tall: blades of the
leaves Pus ie. entire or with 1 or 2 narrow lobes: Mei involucral ae
lanceolate, long: achene elliptic, about 5 mm. long—Swamps and
pineland dude id Plain, N. C.—Early sum
24. C. gladiata Walt. Plant 6-12 dm. tall: blades of the lower leaves
edes or oblanceolate, entire: outer involueral braets broadly. piu bu 3
long: achene elliptic, about 3.5 mm. long .—Swamps and low pinelands,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Fal
25. oe in e Poir. Plant 6-9 dm. tall: n of the lower e
ovate, e: outer involueral bracts elliptic, 4-6 mm. long: achene not see
Mo ist Eu "Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Fall.
26. C. helianthoides Beadle. Plant 5-12 dm. tall: blades of the vidi leaves
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, entire: dear involueral bracts lanceolate, 5-9 mm
long: achene spatulate, about 3 mm. long.—Low grounds, bogs, a ori
Coastal Plain, N Fla. and Ga.—F
C. nudata Nutt. b ds 6-12 dm. tall: leaves terete: outer Sanaa
bracts ia 4-6 mm. long: rays pink-purple: achene elliptic, about 3 m
ong.—Wet pinelands and cypress ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga Soke
7. BIDENS L. Annual or biennial, or rarely perennial, herbs.
Leaves opposite or the upper ones sometimes alternate: blades entire, toothed,
or divided. Heads erect or nodding. Involuere d the outer braets
foliaeeous, the inner appressed. Ray-flowers few an white or yellow
ligules, or wanting. JDisk-eorollas with a short tube an a a longer throat:
lobes mostly deltoid. Achene flat, terete, or 4-angled. Pappus of 2-4 rigid
barbed awns or these much reduced and tooth-like—About 75 species, of wide
geographic distribution.—BUR-MARIGOLDS. BEGGAR-TICKS.
Achene spindle Shaped, gradually tapering above: ligules of the ray white or yel-
lowish whit I, LEUCANTHAE
meee flattened, broadest above the middle: ligules of the
when present, yellow
Ray- -flowers inconspicuous and caducous or wanting. II. VULGATAE.
Ray-flowers showy or conspicuous.
Leaf-blades undivided: pappus-awns 2—4, retrorsely
barbed. III. CERNUAE.
Em piinata iden or individually simple:
appus-awns 2 0 IV. AUREAE.
I. LEUCANTHAE
Leaves 1-3-pinnately dissected, the divisions incised or lobed:
ray-flowers with inconspicuous, mostly entire ligules 1. B. bipinnata.
Leaves 1-pinnate or undivided, the segments evenly ‘erenate-
serrate: ray-flowers with showy and lobed ligules. 2. B. pilosa,
II. VULGATAE
Leaves usually undivided: pappus awns 3 or 4.
Disk-corollas pale, 4-lobed: achene- nares strongly, re-
trorsely barbed throughout; involucre long. 3. B. comosa.
1 Contributed by Karl McKay Wiegand.
CARDUACEAE 1451
ud orange, 5-lobed: barbs of the achene-margins
irected both i involucre Short. 4. B. connata.
iioii. ES divided : pappu ns 2.
AW long, usually Perret barbed : achene-body 5—11 mm.
DUE involucral bracts 10-16, ciliate, the inner con- ;
stricted at the tip: disk- corollas pale b. B. vulgata.
Outer bracts 6-8, nearly ae ous, the inner not con-
stricted: disk-corollas oran 6. B. frondosa.
des short, erect-barbed: B hene. body 4-5.5 mm. long:
leaf- blades long-acumin T. B. discoidea.
III NUAE
Outer involueral bracts exceeding the disk, foliaceous: ray-
flowers with ligules twice the length of di sk or less: achene
oo at the summit. 8. B. cernua.
Outer bracts rarely a ae the disk : ray-flowers with ligules
-4 times the length of disk: achene not dilated above.
Blades of the upper cauline leaves elliptic-lanceolate to
lanceolate, acuminate, mostly sharply serr 9. B. laevis.
Blades of the upper cauline leaves spatulate, obovate, oval
or elliptic, obtuse, abruptly pointed or a acutish, nearly en-
tire, shallowly serrate, or crenate-serrate. 10. B. Nashii.
IV. AUREAE
Achene 6—8 mm. long, ciliate,
In fruit obovate.
Inv olucre nearly glabrous: pappus-awns slender or
wanting. 11. B.aristosa.
Involucre hispid: achene bidentulate. 12. B. involucrata.
- In fruit narrowly cuneate, 2—2.5 mm. wide, short-awned. 13. B. coronata.
Achene 2—4 mm. long, not ciliate, the awns very short. 14. B. mitis.
B. bipinnata L. Stem 3-17 dm. ll glabrous or nearly so, 4-angled,
nee ched and rather pues primary ers -segments thin, deltoid, the ultimate
one lanceolate, inc ised d: than in-
e
places, various provinces, Fla. to Ariz,
Nebr., and R. I—(W. I. Mew. C. A.,
S Pepe
B. osa L. Stem F dm. tall,
bd 4-10 dm. hi igh, n arly o - qui uite
glabrous: leaf-segments cu Or ME o 2-8 cm. long, ee er enate-
serrate: outer bracts of the involucre about 8, linear- -elliptie, Hn shorter
yp the inner: rays white, the ligules 1-2 cm . lon ng, broadly cuneate, 2—3-lobed,
iiss awnless, few- barbed toward summit: disk- a 5: toothed : Pee
athe erted: achene spindle-shaped, very unequal, the inner much longer
than the “involuere awns 2-4, short, yellow, retrorsely barbe d. [B. leucantha
L. ]— (SHEPHEF S-NEEDLE. — Sandy soil, cult. grounds, roadsides, and waste-
aie Coastal Plain, Fla. and cub in S Ga. and Ala.—(W. I., Mez., C.
A.,O. W.)—Al y
E anes es Gray) Wiegand. Stem 3-8 dm. tall, pale RT
t, glabro he branches short, stout: leaves undivided, 8 c : blades
eee S regularly serrate, acute, each attenu ate are a margined
petiole, or the upper sessile: heads large: peduncles short and stout: outer
1452 CARDUACEAE
uns of the involucre 6-8, often 2-5 times the length of the disk, erect: rays
anting: disk-corollas funnelform, pale- yellow, P stamens included:
irum large, flat, 8-10 mm. long, 3 mm. w ide, brown or olive, nearly smooth
and glabrous, anargined to “the base, er 3 en awns e ely ba rbed.—Dam
soil, rich p s, and sandy shores, various provinces, Ga. to La., Minn., and
Fal
4. B. connata Muhl. Stem 3-14 dm. tall, sparingly branched, glabro
bright-green: leaf-blades undivided or vow of the lower deeply pa D bius
late to elliptic, acuminate, AE d to Pd coarsely and saliently ser-
rate: heads medium; outer ne of a ae e 4—5, linear- spatulate rarely
exceeding the disk, glabrous: rays 7 arely resent the ligules one-half longer
than the disk, the ovaries vae s, and hairy: disk-corollas oed above,
9-lobed, orange: achene 4-6 mm. long, ra "e narrow and thick, i black,
covered with ye ellowish pun some or all marginal barbs erect; aw
der, with retrorse, nearly erect po Hed BEGGAR-TICKS. y Swamps "m
ditches, various provinces, N. C. to Mo., Minn., and N. H.—Fal
ata Greene. Stem 7-15 dm. tall, much branched, nearly glabrous:
leaf- blades commonly 5-divided, the segments lanceolate, straight-veined, acute,
a it
u lar sh : S e 15-25 mm.
wide: ho braets of the involuere 10—16, unequal, usually longer than the
disk, ciliate, the inner with abruptly narrowed tips: rays pale-yellow, the
nem pud s the disk, the ovaries awnless and nearly glabrous: disk-corollas
inpar pale, 4—5 lobed: stamens included: i large; body 6-11, 7.5-9
. long, 3.5-5 mm. wide, very flat, brown or olive, nearly s smooth, the 9 long
awns and the upper part of the achene- -margins retro rsely ba rbed. — (STICK-
TIGHT.)—Damp soil, waste-places, and roadsides, various provinces, rarely
Coastal Plain, N. C. to Mo., Calif., B. C., and Ont.—Fall.
6. B. frondosa L. Stem 5-12 dm. tall, slender, bushy-branched, nearly
glabrous: "n blades pase 3-divided or rarely 5-divided, the segments
lanceolate, serrate with sharp spreading teeth, acuminate: heads not large:
outer bracts of the involuere 6—8, subequal, spatulate, sparsely ciliate, usually
exceeding the disk: rays usually present golden- yellow, the ligules equ ualin ng the
isk, the scu) - iry and with e dna awns: disk-eorollas
-lo
e a
margins erect, those the 2 awns reflexed or rarely erect.—Damp soil, often a
eed, various usen Fla. to Tex., Nebr., and N. B.—Sum.-fall.
B. discoidea (T. & G.) Britton. Stem 3-15 dm. tall, slender, diffusely
ee nearly or quite a leaf- blades "i divided, the segm ments ieee:
late or ovate- lanceolate, a em. long, sharply and e coarsely serrate below the
entire long-acuminate tip: eads very small and numerous, 8-10 mm. broad:
outer bracts of the Involuere mostly 4, spatulate Mu Bu exceeding the
s _ rays : disk-corollas orange, 5-lobed: achene small body 4—5.5
, bla ck, cuneate, thiekish, tuberculate or nearly smooth, hairy, the
us an nd t short M erect-ba dus d —Swamps, rx hare and low
wo pap various ps un Ala. to Tex., Mich., Mass., and N. C.—Lat ate sum.—
fall.
8. B. cernua L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, n n green, nearly glabrous; the
a uis very short, decreasing down the leaf-blades undivided, 6-16
long, lanceolate or linear- Tanceolate more or E connate by the broad
bases s, acuminate, serrate with coarse distant teeth: heads very d broader
than high, nodding in fruit: outer bracts of the involucre 7-8, unequal, ex-
ceeding the disk and spreading: rays usually present, bright-yellow, the ligules
CARDUACEAE 1453
about one-half longer than the disk, the ovaries glabrous except the margin,
and awnless: disk- d orange, 5-lo bed: achene narrowly cuneate, slightly
dilated at the summit, 4-angled, the e retrorsely oe nd tubercu-
sae the awns 4, slen der, erunt barbed.— ( STICK-TIG )—Swamps and wet
eado n various provinces, rarely bu Plain, N. C. da , Ore., and N.
(0. W.)—Sum.—fall.
9. B. laevis P. Stem 5-14 dm. tall, glabrous, 5-10 m high,
the bane all toward the d of the stem, slender, ascending: leaf blades
ne 7-13 em. lon ng; blades ur LET. serrate with small incon-
ard | : heads medi
s in the
achene cuneate, neither dilated nor contracted at the top, not tuberculate, the
margins and 2-4 ia retrorsely barbed. [B. chrysanthemoides Mich x.]—
WILD-GOI —Swamps and low woods, P E Plain and adj. prov-
inces, Ga. to Ala., poem N. Y., and Pa.—Sum.-fal
10. B. Nashii Small Similar to the next preceding species but slightly suc-
culent, less branched: leaves ascending; blades broader and thieker, elliptic-
ith 2 te
Plain, Fla. to Tex.—Sum.-fall The plants sf this P * the next preceding
EDI are slightly fleshy.
1l. B. aristosa (Michx.) Britton. Stem 8-10 dm high, much-branched:
leaf-blades pinnately 5—7-divided, the segments lanceolate, acuminate, oe
ised
incised or pinnatifid, slightly pubescent beneath: heads numerous, 2-5 em.
road: outer bracts of the involucre 8-1 0, i. -spatulate e, rarely cilia te, not
surpassing the Ear. rays 6—10, the ligules golden-yellow, the ovaries ciliate
and awnless: achene obovate, flat, strigose and hispid-ciliate; awns 2, slender,
as long as the achene-body or shorter, the iar erect or reflex ed (or the pap-
pus-awns wanting in B. aristosa mutica).—Swam mps, various provinees, rarely
Coastal Plain, Tex. to Kans. , Minn., and Ohio, and adv. eastward.—Sum.-fall.
12. B. involucrata (Nutt.) Britton. Stem 3-10 dm high, much- branched,
minutely pubescent: leaf-blades pinnately divided, the segments narrow, linear-
lanceolate, incised or pinnatifid, long-acuminate: heads 3-5 r d: te
bracts of the involucre 12-20, pir aeutish, hispi d margins,
S
awnless, ciliate throughout: disk« -corollas 5-lobed: stamens exserte
very fl at, obovate, slightly d at the top, strigose-ciliate, bidentulate.—
Swamps, various provinces, Tex. to Kans. and IlL, and adv. eastward.—Sum.—
fall.
13. oronata (L.) Britton. ud 9-20 dm. tall, glabrous, much-branched:
hem blades reed divided, h 4—8 na e ERR serrate or incised
nate segments: he ide 4-6 em. broad: outer bracts of the involu-
aa B EN ciliate, d a g the disk: rays several, the ligules
ben ia. 12-95 mm. long, the ovaries bidentulate at ee Menge disk-
corollas deep yellow, 5-lobed: meas exserted: achene n wly cuneate,
slightly strigose-ciliate above; awns 2, about e equaling the breadth of the
achene, erect-barbed. [B. trichosperma Eon iau ]—Swamps, various
provinces, Fla. to Miss., I, and Mass.—Sum.-
B. mitis (Michx.) Sherff. Stem 3-10 dm. tall glabrous or nearly so,
Mc leaf-blades 7—12 cm. long, 3-5-divided or rarely mostly simple, the
1454 CARDUACEAE
segments lanceolate, acuminate, serrate m linear and almost or quite
entire, and achenes awnless, in . mitis leptophylla), the lateral much sm aller:
head 5 em. : xt j i E
5-lobed: stamens exserted: spares very small, 2 m. long, glabro
very short, tooth-like. [B. coronata (L.) Britton. Le E SEU in redis
ish marshes, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Va.—Sum.-fal
. COSMOS Cav. Annual or perennial, usually tall, widely branched
herbs. Leaves opposite: ii entire, lobed, or 2-3-pinnately di ssected.
Heads peduneled, showy. Involuere nearly hemispheric: bracts unequal, the
outer sometimes smaller than the inner. Ray-flowers few: corollas with pink,
purple, yellow, or n ligules. Disk-corollas yellow in our species,
with a funnelform throat and a shorter tube. Filaments as long as the an-
thers or nearly so, dá pubescent. Achene beaked. Pappus of 2-4
barbed awns, or a crown.—About 20 species, tropical Ameriean.—Spr. —fall or
all year 8.
Leaf- oe broad, elliptic, lanceolate, or linear.
Li s pink or rose, mostly less than 2 cm. long. 1. C. caudatus.
Ligu i orange- yellow, mostly over 2 em. long. 2. C. sulphureus.
Leaf-segments filiform or linear-filiform 3. C. bipinnatus.
1. C. caudatus H. B. K. Stem 7-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades 2 a panne ddr
the BL. ewes or linear: involucral bracts linear or nearly so: ray
flow 7-12; ligules pink or rose-colored,
West, Fla. Nat. of trop. Am. and cult
C. sulphureus Cav. Stem 2-21 im
ia pubescent, much-branched: e
2-pinnately parted, the segments elliptic or
lanceolate: volucres braets linear: ray-
OW
1
places, pen. Fla. Nat. of trop. Am.
ult.
3. C. bipinnatus Cav. Stem 3-30 dm. tall, usually glabrous or nearly s
leaf-blades 2-pinnately divided, c segments Temote and filiform or linear-fili-
cts of two ki t r
ory oluc
elliptic: ray-flowers 8-10; ligules pin nk crimson or white, 2-4 c ong: achene
fusiform, 1-1.5 em. long, the beak uid than the eri — Pinelands, waste-
places, and cult. grounds, Fla. Nat. of trop. Am. and c
ENDORIMA Raf. Perennial or biennial, usually simple- -stemmed
herbs. dieses alternate, pom blades narrow, entire. Involuere thick: bracts
herbaceous, the outer ones broad, the inner ones longer and narrower. Ray-
flowers numerous: corollas with narrow yellow or purple ligules. Disk-corollas
1 Revised by Edward Johnston Alexander.
CARDUACEAE 1455
with a narrowly funnelform throat and a shorter tube. Filaments nearly as
long as the anthers. Pappus of 7-9 elliptic or lanceolate scales. Achene pubes-
cent.—Two species; as follows:
Disk dark-purple: lower cauline leaves ee em. long. 1. E. atropurpurea.
Disk yellow: lower cauline leaves 4-6 cm. long. 2. E. uniflora.
1. E. atropurpurea Soe ar Small. Plant 6-8 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-
spatulate; narrower bracts of the involucre ig mm. long: ligules linear-cuneate:
corollas of a ae mostly less th 0m
= g: m much shor
e
th:
[Ba "a" wina UU DEG dad
Mon Ded. Coastal Plain, S. Ga.—Fall.
uniflora (Nutt.) Barnhart. . Plant
3-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to linear:
narrower brae he involuere 10-11
g: ligules spatulate: corollas of the
disk mostl 6.5 long: filaments
nearly as long as the anthers. [Balduina
uniflora Nut Low pinelands, Coastal
Plain, Fla. to La . C— ].—
Endorima and Acti ospermu m are peculiar
in having the bractlets of the eg ae
partly eonereted into honeycomb-like strue-
ture which partly eae the achenes.
90. ACTINOSPERMUM Ell. Annual or bi iennial, branching herbs.
Leav es alternate, often numerous: ag: very narrow, entire. Involucre thick:
bracts in several series, in the inner nar-
rower and longer than " Ray-
owers numerous: corollas with SEHE broad
yellow ligules. Disk-corollas with a cylin-
a
drie-campanulate thro a very short
or be: lobes lanceolate. Fila-
ments shorter than the anthers appus of
e
-12 obovate-orbieular seales. Achene pu-
bescent.—One species.
A. E de sh) T. & G. Plant
dm
ou l bracts minat -flowers 8- :
Babes d d en -yellow, less than 2 cm. ous: disk-corollas 4-5 m
long; 1 obes lane e turbinate, about 2 mm. long.—Sandhills, pine:
ee and oak, Coastal "Plain, Fla. to Miss. and Ga.—Spr.—fall or locally all
yea
91 MARSHALLIA Schreb. Perennial, rigid herbs. Leaves alternate:
blades entire. Heads discoid. Involuere campanulate or hemispherie: braets
broad or narrow. Ray-flowers wanting. Disk-corollas white, pink, or purple,
with a campanulate or obsolete throat and a long slender tube: lobes linear
or nearly so. Filaments somewhat shorter than the anthers. Pappus of 5 or
6 nearly equal seales.—About 10 species, natives of the southeastern United
States.—BARBARA 'S-BUTTONS.
1456 CARDUACEAE
Bracts of the involucre attenuate or subulate-tipped. I. GRAMIN IFOLIAE.
Bracts of the involucre obtuse or merely acute or apiculate. II. OBOVATAE.
I. AMINIFOL
Basal and lower cauline leaves En mc elliptic to
elliptic-ovate, obtuse blades. 1. M. graminifolia.
Basal and lower cauline leaves with elongate linear-attenuate
3-ribbed blades
Heads iseüoncred? er involucral bracts less than 6
mm. long: pappus- E ovate. 2. M. laciniarioides.
Heads many-flowered : longer involucral bracts over 6 mm.
long: pappus-scales lanceolate. 3. M. Williamsonii.
II. OBO
iiu eio one (3-3.5 mm.), half as Mens as the tube or
Outer bracts of the involucre acute: upper cauline leaves
oad, markedly acuminate
o branches of the involucre obtuse or abruptly pointed :
upper cauline nb e a end or slightly acuminate. 5. M. grandiflora.
Corolla-throat very short (1—1.5 mm.).
Brac a E of the receptacle spatulate or markedly clavate-
aN
. M. trinervia.
. M. obovata.
ou
BR
ER
=
f
Nn
ke
pato
B
c
et
e
Q»
Bractlets of the receptacie li linear, or, A Eo slightly en-
a ge
of
of the involuere obtuse or mi y acutish. 7. M.ramosa.
8. M. Mohrii.
1. M. graminifolia C Walt.) icum: Plant 2-11 dm. tall, the stem simple or
y er dade brane and lower cauline leaves 3- 12 ¢ m. long, with
I
eS
S
anthera Ell.] Moist pinelands and prairies,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—5um.
M. laciniarioides Small. Plant 3—4 dm.
alt the stem usually with few erect ET
above: basal and lower eauline leaves 3-17
em. long, with spatulate to lud pis
acut umina pes upper cauline
leaves smaller, several or many, with narrowly linear blades: outer ue of
the involuere ovate- lanceolate 5-6 mm. long, with broad margins, rather
cin au narrowed to a long tip: corolla-tube k than 5 mm . long: achene
1-1.5 mm. long. Sandy soi Coastal Plain, Ga. to S. C.—Sum
3. M. Willi ii Small. Plant similar to that of M. V dee but e
and leaves fewer: blades of the basal and lower cauline leaves 8-21 cm. long,
with li pM e to linear acuminate blades: upper aie leaves fev with
narrowly linear blades: outer bracts of the involuere fue late, 7-8 mm. long,
with rather made margins, acuminate: corolla-tube 6-7 mm. long: schen 2.5—3
mm. long.—Sandy pine woods, Coastal Plain, S. C. and N. C. E —fal
4. M. trinervia (Walt.) Porter. Plant 3-9 dm. tall, the stem piis pue
rarely with one or few erect branches: basal and lower cauline leav weg
long with spatulate or ‘elliptic obtuse or acute 3-veined blades 25005 ed i
ong petiole-like bases; upper cauline leaves with elliptic, elliptic- oie or
lanceolate markedly acuminate blades: outer bracts of the involucre ovate-
CARDUACEAE 1457
lanceolate or oe ee $ Na re 7-10 mm. long, strongly ribbed:
ube 7—
corolla-t 8 mm. long: e 3-4 mm. long, the pappus scales subulate-
tipped, about half a. as long a ae ndis ene.—Pinelands and damp woods, Coastal
Plain and adj. provinces, Ala. to Miss., Tenn., and Va.—Spr.-sum
inen: Beadle & Boynton. E aud 2—10 dm. tall, thirteen ty p
mple > bas l and lower cauline leaves 3—19 em. long, with elli iptie, spatulate,
e Da blades; upper cauline bom with linear- rus ie to lanceolate- Ad
or slightly acuminate blades: outer bracts the ur ae near a s a
elliptic, obtuse or abruptly pointed, mon donec arro argined:
tube 8-11 mm. long: achene 3.5-4 m long, the ede fe fully a as
long as the achene apie: river-banks and open md Blue Ridge and Appa-
Jachian Plateau, N. C. and Pa.—Spr.-
- M. powers (Walt.) Beadle & Boyton. Plant 1-7 dm. tall, the stem typically
mple: basal and loweral cauline leaves 2-12 em. long, with linear, spatulate,
elliptic. -ovate or obovate mostly obtuse blades; upper cauline leaves rarely pres-
ent: outer eb of the ipic adus or linear-elliptie, 6-8 mm. long, obtuse
or abruptl E undc very owly margined: corolla-tube 7-8 mm. long:
achene 3-3. ong, the oe apne. -seales less than half as long as the achene.
oa
[M. 2000010 E (M. A. Cur rtis) Beadle & Boynton]—Pinelands and
dry woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Ala. and N. C.—Spr.-sum.
. M. ramosa M x adele swear 1.5-6 dm. tall, the stem corymbosely
branched above: leaves many; bla of the basal and "lower cauline 3-21 em.
long, narrowly a ule a linear, Rie or acutish, those of the upper cauline
linear or narrowly linear- lanceolate: outer braets of "the mo linear, lanceo-
late, or narrowly ar 7 5-7 mm. long, obtuse P ds E na A as argined:
corolla-tube abou lon ri achene about ong, the pappus-scales
about half as i. as pr me Cc and. a w Coastal Plain
and Piedmont, Ga.—Spr.-su
8. M. Mohrii Beadle & Boynt Plant 2-7 dm. tall the dd sparingly
corymbosely branched above: ie pus A of the basal and lower cauline
spatulate to ee pee pare upper cauline ig Janeenlate to
lanceolate: outer bracts of the inv deb elliptic to a olate, 5-9 n long,
inn rather obseure ugs dies ud. corolla-tube 6—8 m Eu sca. pom t4
m. lon ng, the pappus seales fully half as ong as the achene, —Low grounds and
p: woods, Appalachian Plateau, Ga. an —S um.
92. GALINSOGA R. Annual, tender herbs. Leaves opposite
blades toothed. Heads radiate. Involuere eampanulate or hemispheric: bracts
relatively broad. Ray-flowers 4 or 5: corol-
las with a pubescent tube and broad white
to purpl gule. Disk-eorollas with
campanulate throat and a tube of abo E
the same length. Anthers ellipsoid. Achene
nearly or quite as long as the corolla. Pap-
us of the ray of several bristles or want-
ing, of the disk of lacerate or fimbriate
bristles.—About 5 species, of tropieal and
temperate Ameriea.
G. ciliata (Raf.) Blake. s l-7 dm.
1.
tall, often branched, the pubescence coarse
and spreading, often Edu. “leat: blades
92
1458 CARDUACEAE
ovate to Reise 2-5 em. long, pe e uu re 2-2.5 mm. high;
outer braets ov obtuse: ligules white, 1-1.5 vide: disk- a E about
1.5 mm. long: i less than 2 mm. a PUE iege minutely fimbriate
and aristate. ([G. diui, (Fl SE. S. In > eult. grounds, and
waste-places, throughout U. S. and S a of S. —(W. , Mex
4.) —Sum.-fall.—A. Sd. arly pestiferous “weed of SU. rapid growth and
seeding as to make eradieation extremely difficu
parviflora Cav. with much smaller ray-flowers, pr pubescence, and
d scales fimbriate, but not aristate, often occurs with G. ciliata nort th of
our range, and may be looked for in N. "CG. and Tenn, or further S.
93. TR L. Perennial, caulescent, decumbent herbs. Leaves op-
posite: blades incised-toothed or pinnately dissected. Heads radiate. In-
erous p
About 12 species, tropical American
1. T. procumbens L. Plant branched at
the base, the branches hirsute: leaf-blades
ovate to ovate-lanceo late, 2-5 cm. E in-
eised or incised-lobed: involue 6-7
high; braets hispidulous, the Cue lanceolate, the inner broad and abruptly
pointed: ligules as broad as long: of the disk about 2 mm
I hammocks, and cult. eru "S Lx . Fla. and the Keys. ' Nat. p
(W. I.)
94. HYMENOXYS Cass. Annual, biennial, or perennial, erect, cau-
lescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid or pinnatisect, the segments
usually narrow. Heads radiate, or (in n ours) discoid, peduncled. Involuere often
campanulate or hemispheric: bracts in 2 series, the outer smaller than the inner,
firm and more or less united at the base. Ray-flowers, when present yellow or
orange, few or several, pistillate, fruit-producing: ligules 3-lobed. Disk-flowers
numerous, perfect, fruit-producing: corollas
yellow, with a short tube and a cylindric or
Pappus of 5 seales.—Seven species, North
American.
nr "m "yt
MITTERE
1. H. anthemoides (Juss.) Cass. Ste oi
branched ents the branches ascending COR Od j
or diffuse: leaf-segments narrowly line
linear-filiform: peduncles RA fiut ted, en-
larged under the head: involuere broadly
CARDUACEAL
the lor
achene
inner pe or elliptie-obovate, 4-5 mm. lon
2— long, densely appres ssed- Sub Sect
2.0 mm.
ida than the aehene.—Waste-places, Coastal Plain, Ala.
Sun
95. HELENIUM L. An
herbs.
Heads solitary, few, or numerous. Involucre flattish:
ceptaele conic, ellipsoid, or subglobose.
eve with cuneate yellow or red-stained ligules.
ovate lobes. Achene ribbed. pus
—About 25 species, North American.—SNEEZEWEEDS.
Ray-flowers Be or wanti de
Plant annual or rarely biennial.
av a with EUN wly eee or linear-filiform blades,
not decurrent.
ves with broader blades, more or less decurrent.
ads corymbose.
or 3 on long peduncles,
TENUIFOLIA
I.
Leaves numerous; blades entire: pappus-scales awn-tipped..
II. UADRIDENTA
Leaves few; blades of the lower ones Sud lobed:
pappus- -scales rounded.
III. AUTUM
Disk mostly over 1 em. wide: disk-corollas ps 3 mm.
ong.
Disk — less than 1 em. wide: disk-eorollas about 2.5
vide.
IV. NUDIFLORA
Disk yellov
Disk Dun or dark- vidue
Upper part of the stem branches with wings
wide or less: upper ie: leaves much smaller than
the lower one
Upper part of ihe stem and branches with wings 2 mm.
wide or more: upper cauline leaves not conspicuously
smaller than the lower ones.
V. HELENIA
Disk yellow.
Receptacle oid or ovoid-conic: disk subglobose to
hemis nens bracts of the involucre early reflexed.
Pappus- scales dissected into bristle-like segments:
.5 em. wide.
uua -scales entire or merely erose:
wide.
je ide and disk depressed- e or convex
bracts of the involuere spreading or tardily re-
disk about 2
curv
ree glabro us or merely glandular-granular.
t it on the ribs.
Disk San or bro
. tenuifolium Nutt. Plant 2-4 dm. leaves
involueral bracts linear-subulate P" Dac
1.
cm. long :
1459
campanulate; bracts finely pubescent, the m ovate, tubercled at the pdt
ng,
onger than the ou
pappus-seales Ed
. of S. ke
Nat
5. nual, biennial, or perennial, bitter, caulescent
Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, often decurrent.
bracts spreading or re-
Ray-flow
Disk-corollas with broa
of 5-8 acuminate or awn-tipped dn
rers several, i
I. TENUIF
II. QUADRIDEN TAT A.
lII. At
IV. NUDIFLORA.
n HHELENIA.
1. MH. tenuifolium.
. H. quadridentatum.
H. latifolium.
. H. parviflorum.
. H. parviflorum.
C
. H. nudiflorum.
c
. H. polyphyllum.
(. H. fimbriatum.
. H. Curtisii.
9. H. x us
10. H. ven
11. H. Dco CUN
blades 1-5
mm. long: ligules
numerous;
4-7
1460 CARDUACEAE
7-12 mm. long: pappus -scales prolonged
into ae awns.—(YELLOW-Dick. BITTER-
ED. SPAN sadi) elds, roadsides,
j a.
o. and S Va. Me ive NE t
mud Mass —Sum fall.
uadridentatum Labill, Ei 3—10
coming 4-6 mm. long: ligules 3-5 mm. long:
pappus-seales orbieular-oval.—Low grounds,
Coastal Plain, Fla. to Tex. and S. C.—Spr.-
fall.
3. H. derer Ups Plant 2-9 dm. tall: leaf- od sare or ace
broadest above middle or below it, 3-12 em. long, er prom d
toothed: Suc bracts linear-lane eolate or narrow er, zT. mm. lon ligul es
10-20 mm. long: dis eae Cor He about mm. long. P autumnale
L. in i E aay and lo v grounds, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Min
Que., and Conn.—Sum
utt. Plant 2-8 dm. tall, much branched: leaf-blades
elliptie to DA dass. 3—12 em. long, shallowly Vende A E braets
lin
ear-subulate , 6-9 mm. long: ligules 6-10 mm. long: disk yellow;
corolla about 2.5 o mm. eoe ow r grounds, C rone Plain and adj. zh inces,
Fla. to Tex., Ark., Tenn., and Ga.—Sun
5. H. nudiflorum Nutt. Plant 2-10 dm. tall, corymbosely branched above:
Tu blades oblanceolate to elliptic or linear -12 em. long, those of the
low cud = ae toothed: involucral br acts narrowly linear to linear-subu-
ic "5 7m ong: ligules 10-15 mm. long.—Low grounds, prairies, and flat-
woods, various Edel Fla. to Tex., Mo., and Md.; adv. NE to Conn — Spr. —fall.
6. H. Ru eun Small. Plant 3-8 dm. tall: M blades elliptie to aa
E 2—10 cm. long, undulate or remotely to toothed: involuer a K acts
owly linear to lue subulate, 5-8 mm. long: ligules 6-12 m ong: dis E
Du rplish : corel 2 mm. lon ng. —Fi pom ‘meadows, and thickets, niue
provinees, Ga. and Tenn.—Sum.-fal
7. H. fimbriatum (Michx.) A. c Plant 4-8 dm. tall: leaf- oe o
spatulate to cn i a near, 4—12 c dus one ped m al bra
subulate, 7-10 m g, reflexed : ligul ong: disk corollas E mm.
—Sum.—
long: achene 1 mm. ‘to d —Low Dus pom Pla. Fla. to Tex
fall.
8. H. ii A. Gray. Plant 5-9 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblanceolate to
linear, Hes m. long, undulate: involueral bracts lanceolate to lance-subulate,
5-8 mm. long; ligules 1.5-2 cm. long: disk corollas 4.5-5 mm. long: achene
1.5 mm. long.—Low nci and marshes, Coastal Plain, N. C.—Spr.—sum.
H. dics be Smal. Plant 3-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear or
-1
nearly s . long, undulate or acid few- pup involueral braets
ra ear or “linear ial 5-9 mm. long: ligul phar ch . long: di ES icd
ong: achene 1-1.5 mm. long. EH. m (T. & G.) Wood]—
ug low pinelands, and about ponds, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. a '$. C.
— fall.
10. H. vernale cur Plant 3-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate to linear,
6-15 em. long, toothed or mo -pinnatifid: involueral bracts lance- subulate,
5-6 mm. long, ee ligules 1 cm. long: disk corollas 4-4.5 mm. long:
CARDUACEAE 1461
-2 mm. long. [H. abd d d uini EUN pinelands
Ha a Coastal Plain, Fla. to Miss.
Li. SL arenas (Nutt.) A. Gray. Plant 3- : dm. tall: leaf-blades spatu
dul
te to linear, em. long, entire, or un e: involueral braets linear-
laneeolate to o 8-10 mm. long: ligules Ls 9 em. long: disk-flowers 4 mi
ng: aehene 1.5 mm. long. o ace Coastal Plain and adj. provinces,
Fla. to Miss. and N. C.—Spr.-s
96. GAILLARDIA Foug. Annual, biennial, or perennial, often diffuse
herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Heads erect,
radiate and showy, or sometimes discoid. Involucre broad or flat: bracts
ultimately spreading or reflexed. ay-flowers ge the corollas with
prominently lobed yellow, ice red, or purple ligules, or wanting. Disk-
corollas with a short tube, a longer throat, and deltoid, triangular-lanceolate
or caudate-acuminate lobes. Achene 5-ribbed. Pappus of 6-12 awned,
1-nerved seales.—About 20 species, all except one North American.—BLANKET-
FLOWERS. FIRE-WHEELS. BANDANA-DAISIES.
Fimbrillae of the receptacle obsolete or very small es like projections: lobes of the
disk-corollas caudate-aeuminate from a broad bas I. LANCEOLATAE
Fimbrilae of the receptacle subulate or setiform, EON than
the achenes: lobes of the disk-corollas short- acuminate. II. PULCHELLAE.
I. LANCEOLATAE
sk light-yellow.
Di 1. G. chrysantha.
Disk purplish or purplish-brown.
2. G. lanceolata.
II. PULCHELLAE
Plant herbaceous: leaf-blades thin. 3. G. Drummondii,
Plant partly woody: leaf-blades fleshy. 4. G. picta.
G. chrysantha Sm ao Plant annual or biennial, finely pubescent, 3-6 dm
tall, usually with few elongate more or Eos spreading branches: leaf- blades
spa atu late or elliptic- ck on the lov
part of the di Ae linear or Kec ES
il
above, 2-8 ong, undulate or remotely
sinuate- ole qu long-peduneled: in-
volueral braets 7—11 n long, th r
triangular or lanceolate-triangular, the inner
lanceolate: ligules of th y-flowers yellow,
1.5 l 3-cleft, the middle lobe the
narrowest: disk ht-y ; 0—2
broa achene about long
C out 2 —Pine-
lands and sandy prairies, ae tal Plain,
Ala. to Tex. and Ark —Spr. —fall.
2. G. lanceolata Michx. Plant ari or
sometimes biennial, cinereous-pubes , 3-7
dm. tall, loosely branche d, p icles long and spreading: jen blades bM
to elliptie or linear y; 1.5 -Be . long, acute, entire or remotely serrate, sessile, at
least above the base of the Cat heads long- -pedunc icled: ves enn cit rr
to e 8—12 mm. long, acute or acuminate: ligules of the d M yel-
low, 1.5-2 cm. long, 3-cleft: "es dus ish or pu estin » 5—2 em. broad:
i dE na E or nearly so: achene 1.5-2 mm. long.—Pinelands, dry woods,
rocky banks, and prairies, various Do. inees, Fla. to Tex., Ru and S. C=
Spr.-sun um.
G. Drummondii (Hook.) DC. Plant annual, 6 dm. tall or less, the
bs ches puberulent and somewhat villous: leaf- blades Norm to oblanceolate
and undulate to pinnatifid on the lower part of the stem, lanceolate to linear-
1462 CARDUACEAE
lanceolate above, entire, MD or distantly toothed, Nu heads slender-
peduneled: involueral brac 12-20 mm. lon ng, or rarely shorter, linear-
AE usually um A long-attenuate, N a ciliate; ligules o
cA flowe rs E bes. pee usually purple, except the yellow tips: achene
ong o ee strigose.—Dry soil, prairies, open ae Ru cult.
rs.
mo RUN Plain, S "Fla. and Tex.—(Mez.)—Spr.-fall, or all y
4. G. picta Sweet. Plant bos. but flowering the first year, becoming
woody f 3 dm. tall or less, the branehes puberulent and densely long-
hairy: leaf-blades spatulate and pinna pu on the lower part of ae stem,
linear hi us olate and Da entire the upper pa a GE essile: heads
d peduneled: involueral bra uno lanceolate, mostly 9— 15 mm. long,
acuminate, pce n "pubescent P ciliate: ligules of o a -flowers 15-241
mm. long, purple sometimes yellow-tipped: achene about 2 mm. long,
strigose.—Coastal Endo Fla. to Tex. and S. C. — Spr. —fal.
97. HYMENOPAPPUS L'Her. Biennial or perennial, erect herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid or dissected, or rarely entire. Heads
discoid, eorymbose. Involucral bracts peta-
loid. p eorollas white or pink, becoming
1
obsolete.—About 7 species, North American.
1. H scabiosaeus L’Her. Stem 3-7 dm
tall, glabrate or thinly tomentose: leaf-
segments cae coarse, rA a —
entire or with ovate to e n.
C
ms
ii -€- -— -
EA
4 Zooe e
'
ar
ri
ryin
son metimes smaller : E: ER obovate, a about 0 0.5 mm.
98. POLYPTERIS Nutt. Perennial, tal, branching, rigid rbs.
dr alternate, or opposite on the UNIES part of the stem: blades entire,
mainly in 2 series. Receptacle naked.
ing. Di
ene 4-angled, rather stoutly
enlarged upward, pubescent. appus of
several slender pubescent awn-like scales.—
One species.
integrifolia Nutt. Plant
tall or less, p above: leaf. D. fences or ee nein to
r, 3-7 e ong obtuse or acutish: involuere eorolloid; braets elliptie or
spatulate 10- 7 mm. long, obtuse: corollas 9-14 mm. long ; lobes linear-
CARDUACEAE 1463
lanceolate: achene narrowly obpyramidal, 4-5 mm. long.—Dry oiea
Coastal Plain, Fla. and Ga.—Sum.-fall or all year S.
99. PALAFOXIA Lag. Annual or perennial, sometimes partly woody
lants. Leaves alternate or Sow blades narrow, entire. Heads corymbose.
Involuere eampanulate to ellipsoid: braets
herbaceous. Disk-eorollas with a
[ds throat much longer than the tube.
Achene 4-angled, slenderly ae upward,
pubescent. Pappus of 4-8 broad
scales—About 6 species, North d
. P. Feayi A. Gray. Slender shrubby
plant 6-35 dm. tall minutely pubescent:
leaves i dA blades cee to ded
lanceolate, 2-7 em. long: involuere 7-8 m
ee bracts obtuse: corollas white, 7-8 mm.
achene clavate, 5-6 mm. long .— Pine-
tans a scrub, a Fla.—All year S.
100. FLAVERIA Juss. Annual, glabrous or pubescent, erect but ofte
bushy-branched, somewhat succulent herbs. Leaves opposite: blades entire
or toothed, sessile, sometimes connate. Heads individually inconspicuous.
Involuere narrow, prismatic: bracts few, 1-8, mostly nearly equal. Ray-
flowers mostly solitary and ligule te or wan pos Disk-flowers 1-15.
Achene narrow, 8-10-ribbed. Pappus wanting, or rarely of 2-4 scales.—
About 10 species, all except 1 Ameriean.—Spr.-fall or all year S.
Receptacle naked: involucre of more than 2 bracts: heads 2-20-flowered: disk-
orollas with a funnelform throat.
Involucre of 3 bracts or rarely of 4. 1. F. bidentis.
Involucre of 5-7 bracts.
Heads 2-8-flowered.
BE UE long internodes below and usually simple at
: leaves herbaceous: plant annual. 2
Stem. with ‘short internodes below and usualy branched
at the bàse: Bw fleshy : plant perennial (?). 3. F.linearis.
Heads 10-15-flowered. 4. F. floridana.
RD setose: E of 1, 2, or 3 Vosa head usually 1-
: disk-corollas with a ca ampanulate throat. b
. F. latifolia.
. F. trinervia.
F. bidentis (L.) Kuntze. Stem 10 dm. tall or less, angled, glabrous or
ce a on the angles and the em leaf-blades lanceolate- -elliptie,
linear-lanceolate, or linear-elliptie, 3—
long, serrate, 3-ribbed, gla abrous, “slightly
connate: inflorescence wit corpioid
branches: heads 2-9-flowered: brac i of the
involucre 3, with 1 or 2 additional scale-
li nes
-4 mm. long, abo mm.
long, narrow p ppm rs 1-8, pud rs
2-3 um. long: achene 15 mm. [F.
ems Gmel.]—Waste-places d road-
sides, Coastal Plain, Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—
(Mex A.)
2. F. latifolia (J. R. Johnston) Rydb.
Stem 10 dm. tall or less, striate, glabrate:
jeaf-blades linear-lanceolate to linear, 2.5—10
1464 CARDUACEAE
m. long, entire or serrulate, connate: corymb open: heads in small s
bcp of the involuere 5, narrowly elli T 3.5-4.5 mm. long: ligule 2.5-3 m
long: disk-flow ers 2-5, the e corolla 2.5 long: achene about 1.5 mm . lon Dow
Low pud. wet prairies, and videnda swamps, pen. Fla. and the Keys.
3. F. linearis Lag. Stem 2-9 dm. long, sometimes decumbent, corymbose
d striate, glabrous: penn narrowly linear, often narrowly so, 3-10
m. long, na arrowed above Es connate bases, entire: eos mbs irregular: heads
numerous: braets of the br uei mostly 5, 3.5-4 long, pup. or
lanceolate: ray- ws PrP solitary; ligule elliptic to ak 2-3.5 mm. long:
disk-flowers usually 5-10, e corollas 2.5-3.5 m ong: achene about 2 mm.
long. [F. pinetorum Bla ke.]—Coastal bx ju s marshes, and low
pecan E. Fla. and the Mende .)
4. F. floridana J. R. Johnston. Stem 0 dm. tall or dis pae glabrous:
leaf-blades Tinea lanceolate to linear, 2. = 8 em. lo ong, rely denticu-
late, slightly connate: heads 10—13-flow Bd in n mj p dus which are
often subtende à by a uA 1 As leaves: D of pus involuere about 4 mm.
long: ligule oval, about 2 long: disk-corollas 2.5 mm. long: achene about
1.5 mm. id — Pa ‘pen. Fla
5. F. rvia (Spreng.) C. Mohr. Stem 2-1? dm. tall, widely yu apis.
aped ps Maie buon -elliptic - bor p: or bro oadly linear, 3-10 e
long, a somewhat acuminate, rate, 3-ribbed, narrowed to the Sees
but oed p S: ds usually 1- fio eared in sexy or involuerate clusters:
bracts 1-3, or aren accompanied by a ory ones: corolla of the
put flowers 1.5 mm. long, the ligule aa poen of the perfect flower
lon ng: achene Ee about 2 mm. long.—Waste-places and cult
oum various provinces, Ala. to Ariz.—(W. I., Mex., C. A., )
1. TAGETES L. Annual or rarely perennial, strong-scented, erect,
caulescent herbs. Leaves mostly opposite: blades pinnately divide c d
erect. Involuere narrow: bracts partly united. Ray-flowers severa h
eorollas with elongate tubes and broad aioe ed, often variegated, d
Disk-eorollas elongate, the slender tube and narrow throat about equal in
length. Achene elongate, somewhat 4-angled. Pappus of unequal narrow
scales. ss Bonit 20 species, of warm and tropical Ameriea.—MARIGOLDS
Heads solitary at the ee of pus pacem involucre campanulate : ray- "ud ers 5-8;
ligules obovate, 1 c long o 1. T. erecta.
Heads in compact Conia. a re e fusiform : ray-flowers
sually 3 ; ligules suborbicular, usually 5 mm. long or less. 2. T. minuta.
1. T. erecta L. Plant mostly 2-15 dm. tall, the branches spreading or
ultimately more or less decumbent: leaf- divisions linear-lanceolate, ae
mostly 1-2 em. long, sharply and rather coarsely ser-
rate: ard elongate, markedly clavate: involuere
15-18 ong; lobes ovate, short-acumiuate: Bgules
obo a pu or pale -yello w, 1-2 em. long: disk-
corollas 11-16 mm n ng; lobes lanceolate: achene
nearly linear, 7- 9 m long, about as long as the
longer pappus-se slo CABE CAN MARIGOLD.)—Road-
e fields, and waste- places, Fla. at. of Mex.— f
(W. I., C. A., S. A., O. W.)—Al yea
2. d. & L. uon t 3-10 dm. e E. res
erect or near perm f-divisions linear to
eeolate, finely Bu nene serrate: Ems poda Menden. involucre about 1
em. long; lobes deltoid, obtuse or merely acutish : ligules yellowish, suborbicular,
CARDUACEAE 1465
Eid e than 5 mm. long: disk-corollas 3-4 mm. long; lobes ovate: achene
5-6 mm. long, much longer than the longer pappus- -scale-——Sandy waste-places,
Coastal Plain, N.C. Nat. of Chile.—Sum.-fal
102. BOEBERA Willd. Annual or perennial, glandular-dotted, strong-
scented herbs. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades commonly parted or
dissected. Heads inconspicuous, usually
eorymbose. Involuere turbinate or cam-
. Re-
ceptacle flat or nearly so. ay-flowers yel-
e corollas with minute ligules.
Disk yellow. Achene 3-5-angled. Pa ae
of 10 or more partly united narrow scales
About 3 species, North American.
1. B. papposa d Rydb. Plant an-
nual, pubescent, dm. tall: leaves oppo-
site; blades 1-3 e ed P l- or
2-par rted: involuc 6- 8 high; bracts
scarious-mar Ra "ligules of the ray-flowers j
pu ia achene 3.5-4 mm. long, pubescent.—Waste- P and road-
sides, Tenn. to La., Ariz., Minn. and Ohio.—(Mez.)—Adv. E.—Sum.-fall.
Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small, a native of Tex. and adj. Mex., is adven-
tive at Miami, Fla. It has finely cut leaf-blades and yellow heads.
103. PECTIS L. Slender or wiry eee -dotted herbs, the stems
usually pubescent in lines. Leaves opposite: blades narrow, skies ciliate
near the base. Heads clustered or ole Tava uere narrow, few ral-flow
ered: bracts gland-bearing. Ray-flowers few: corollas with yellow es Styles
pubescent. Stigmas of the disk-flowers very short. —About 75 species, American.
Heads sessile or nearly so, mostly in clusters.
Leaves with scattered glands; blades oblanceolate to linear-
spatulate. 1. P. prostrata
Leaves with 2 rows of glands beneath; blades narrowly
linear. 2. P. linearifolia.
Heads distinctly peduncled, solitary in the branch-forks and
at the ends of the branches. 3. P. leptocephala.
1. P. prostrata Cav. Stem usually branched at the base, the branches
procumbent or prostrate, 0.5-2 dm . long: leaf-blades oblanceolate to linear-
ith 5-9
ave and ke ele d: 2s o disk-flowers
yi 15, with corollas 2-2.5 mm. long: achene
3-4 mm pd Or d smaller: pappus-
scales of narrowly lanceolate,
omn ei bs 1- 3 prod of the disk 5,
unequal.—W aste- 22 and cult. grounds,
various provinces, Fla. to Ariz.—(W.
Meg., C. A., S. 4
linea Ste
fall, erect or r diffesely pe UM RE puberuent
in lines: leaf-blades linear or nearly so, ove
|
1466 CARDUACEAE
1 mm. wide, acute, entire, 3-6 pairs of bids near the age heads sessile or
nearly so, few in clusters: involucre prismatic, 4-5 mm. high; bracts 4-6,
linear or linear-lanceolate: ray-flowers 2 3; ligules 2 2.5 mm. long: isk-
aod: 6 or 7, with ila abe ut 2.5 mm. long: achene 3 mm. long or nearly
: pappus- -scales of the ray 2, narrowly "lan cial. and aristate-attenuate, of
the disk 5. [P. ciliaris ‘Fernald, not L.]—Sandy woods and cult. grounds, pen.
Fla.— (HF. I.).
3. P. p rid a ass.) Urban. Stem more or less cad branched,
1-4
slender, dm , the branches prostrate, forming mats, finely pubescent
in lines: leaf ee arrowly linear, comm only 1-3 em. long, e less than
l mm. wide, acute ae e, with 2-4 poi irs of iiis below the m ere eps
solitary on filiform Pod ue 1-2.5 long: involucre narrow,
high; bracts a linear or nearly so: ray flowers 0; ligules 2-2. p mm. Tis disk-
s 4—7, with corollas 2-2.5 mm. long: achene slender, 2.5-3 mm. ES
dd i of the ray 2, with an B nce lanceolate base and a slend ee
of the disk 5, or rarely 4. [P. linifolia Less. P. Les singit Fernald. ] Pin
lands and sand- dunes, S pen. Fla. and the Keys. — (HW. I):
104. ACHILLEA (Vaill.) L. Perennial, usually copiously pale-pu-
bescent, herbs. Leaves alternate: blades coarsely toothed to thrice-pinnatifid.
Heads several or numerous, rather small, in corymbs or corymbiform panicles.
Involuere hemispheric, campanulate, or obovoid: bracts imbricate in 3 or 4
series, the outer the smaller. Receptacle conie or vex, chaffy, the chaff
membranous, broa ay-flowers 5-12, pis a id ucing: corollas
with short and ot white, pink or purple, or rarely yellow ligules. Disk-
flowers 15-75, perfect, fruit-producing: clas pt ee sy or straw-
colored, the tube equaling or longer than the throat. Achene ellipsoid or obo-
void, callous-margined. appus wanting.—About 75 species, in the Northern
emisphere, mostly in the Old World.—Spr.—fall—MILFoILs. YARROWS.
Ultimate leaf-segments linear or nearly so: ligules of the ray
white. 1. A. occidentalis.
Ultimate s -segments ovate or lan
igules of the ray purplish: eae conspicuously punc-
TA the ultimate segments strongly callous-thickened
toward the a apex 2. A. asplenifolia.
Ligules of the ray "white or rarely pink: leaf-blades not con
spicuously punctate, the mimos segments not callous-
thickened toward the apex 3. A. Millefolium.
1. A. occidentalis Raf. Stem E 10 dm. tall, silky-villous, mostly simple:
leaves sparingly villous; rachis rely margined ; ultimate eee linear or
nearly so: bracts of the invo wn re elliptie,
often broadly so, to elliptic- -lanceolate, the
outer obtuse, the inner acute, all erose-
ciliate at i. apex: ligules 2 mm. wide:
2—2.0 mm. lo
ow ve Pers nearly 2 mm. io ea
00 lea ast
places, various DA Fla. to Ark., Colo. 5
Minn., and Mas
asplenifolia Vent. Ste 5-6 dm
tall, ‘nearly glabrous or ios silky-
villous, sometimes branched above: ud
labrous
rachis winged; ultimate segments bus
late: bracts of the involucre ovate to ellip-
CARDUACEAE 1467
ew sometimes narrowly so, id obtuse, ciliate at the apex: ligules pend mm.
vide: disk-corollas about 2 mm. long: achene ellipsoid, less than 2 m
(X a CE fields, iud DE various provinces N of Coastal Plain,
N. o S. Dak. and N. S. Nat. |
3 priua L. Stem 2-7 dm. 2 sparingly era Fannie mes
branched above: leaves sparingly villou achis winged; ultim segments
ovate or o lanceolate: d ed A be involucre ovate to Eee ES obtuse,
ciliate at t x: ligule vide: disk- EA fully 2 mm. long:
achene e Or slightly non DN. fully 2 . long.—Dry hillsides,
woods, pastures, m pou various provinces, Fla. E^ Miss., Ill, Yukon,
nd N S.—(W. I., W.)—Often a weed.
105. ORMENIS Cass. Annual, diffusely branched herbs. Leaves al-
ternate: blades pinnatifid, the segments rather broad. Heads solitary at the
nds of the prangnes, Involucre saucer-
shaped: bracts in 2 or 3 series, rather broad.
Receptacle a chaffy, the chaff cartilagi-
nous, boat-shaped, surrounding the achenes.
Ray-flowers Dean t, fruit-producing; corol-
las s yellow ligules, or white and yellow
at the base. Disk-flowers numerous, perfeet,
fruit-producing, the tube produced into an
appendage at the base. Achene ellipsoid or
obovoid, prominently 3-ribbed on the inner
side. Pappus wanting.—One species.
l1. O. (L.) Stem 1-4 dm |
tall, isually eer, a fh base, the branches Ni: villous: leaf-blades
cuneate spatulate to linear in outline, 1-3 e ong, the rachis broad, the
cones: Aas ie to i se on Hs lower n of the blade, often broad-
ened upward toward the P peduncles slightly thickened under the head:
bracts of the involucre ovate to elliptic and linear, 3-4 mm. long, villous: lig-
ules cuneate, 5-8 mm. long, SH at the base: achene obovoid, pd 1 mm.
long.—Waste-places and eult. E various provinces, Fla. to B. C. and
N. J. Nat. of Medit. Reg.—Spr.-fal
106. ANTHEMIS L. Annual or perennial, branched, nd herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, the segments rather nar-
row. eads solitary at the ends of the branches. Involucre saucer-shaped:
bracts in about 3 series, usually thin. Tecan conic to hemispheric, chaffy,
the chaff membranous, with a midrib. Ray-flowers pistillate, fruit-producing:
corollas with white ligules. Disk-flowers numerous, perfect, fruit-producing:
rolla yellow, the tube equalling or longer than the throat, the lobes ovate.
Achene subeylindrie or somewhat obovoid, with filiform ribs. Pappus wanting
or a minute crown.—About 80 species, Eurasian and African
Receptacle with cuspidate-acuminate chaff : achene equally "i nerved. 1. A. arvensis.
Receptacle with obtuse chaff: achene 3-nerved on the inner side. . A. nobilis.
. : or soiuetimes biennial, not strong- sented: stem
1-5 dm. tall, pies p leaf-blades 2-5 cm. long, pinnatifid or bipin-
1468 CARDUACEAE
natified, the segments linear-lanceolate to subulate:
bracts of the involucre pubescent, the outer lanceolate,
in iptic ]
acute, the inner elliptic, obtuse: igules 7-12 mm.
long: subeylindrie, 1.5 mi c
pappus a minute border. — Waste o roadsides,
and fields, various provinces, Fla. to Ore., B. C., nd
Que. Nat. of O. v —Spr.—fall.
2. A. nobilis L. Perennial, aromatic: stem 1-3.5 dm.
tall, pubescent, sometimes decumbent: leaf-blades E
em. long, pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, the segments
b
ear to ulate: brae 2 involucre pubescent, the
outer ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, the inner nd dnas at the apex: ligules
6—10 mm. long: achene somewhat pyriform , 1-1.5 mm. long: pappus wanting.
—Waste-places and M t gardens, various provinces, ES C. to Tenn. and R. I.
Nat. of Eu.—Sum
107. MARUTA Cass. Annual, branching, usually very leafy herbs.
Leaves alternate: blades pinnatifid, the segments narrow. Heads solitary at
the ends of branches. Involucre saucer-s
bracts in 2 series, rather d le conie,
chaffy toward the apex, the ch bulate, rathe
persi Ray-flowers 10-15, neutral: corollas with
nt.
white ligules. Disk-flowers perfect, fruit-producing:
rollas P Lii , the longer than the
ae t, the lobes ovate. chene and cylindrie, 10- |
ribbed, ad Pedes Pappus wanting.—About
12 speeies, natives of the Old Wor "M
1. M. Pius (L.) DC. Plant strong-scented: leaf-blades thriee d
dissected, segments very oe - k-flowers near the center of t cep-
tacle wi ith s eorollas mostly 2.5 mm. long: achene tubereulate- roughened
pappus wanting. [Anthemis Coula L. ILMAY. -WEED.
DoG-FENNEL.)—Fields, roadsides, cult. grounds, and waste-places, vari-
ous “provinces, Fla. to Calif., Alas., and Newf. Nat. of O. W.—Sum.-fall.
108. CHAMOMILLA [Hall] Gilib. Annual herbs, resembling Anthemis
and Maruta. Leaves alternate: blades once to thrice pinnatifid, the segments
narrow. Heads solitary or corymbose. Involuere
saucer-shaped to hemispherie: braets somewhat im-
icate in 2—4 i i
conic, hemispheric, or subglobose, naked. Ray-flowers,
if present, pistil S fruit-producing: corollas with
white ligul. pe -flowers numerous, perfect, fruit- f
du ube equali
Rd longer ies the throat, the lobes lanceolate to
Achene asymmetric, the back nerveless, the
"it 3-5- ribbed. Pappus a crown or a mere border acd 50 species, mostly
natives of the Old World.
CARDUACEAE 1469
. maritima (L.) Rydb. Stem and branehes 1-3 dm. tall, often lp
"n blades 2—4 cm. long ; blades e atifid, the segments spreading, fles
involucre 10-12 mm. wide; bracts elliptic, obtuse, brown-margined: n
flowers 15-30; iol white, 8-11 mm. PaL JOH cuneate, 2-2.5 mm. long,
rugose on the back an bet ween the corky ri ibs pappus-crown toothed.—Bal-
S. e waste-places, dd istal Plain d adj. prov inces, Ala. to Pa. and Mass.
Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-fal
- MATRICARIA [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial, branehing herbs,
but sometimes partly woody. Leaves alternate: blades lobed, dissected, or pin-
nately divided. Heads corymbose. Involu-
ere saucer-shaped to hemispheric: bracts
somewhat imbricate in 2-4 series, narrow.
Receptacle convex, naked. ay- rs
usually present, several, pistillate, fruit-
producing: corollas with narrow or broad
ligules, white in our species. Disk-flowers
numerous, perfect, fruit-producing: corollas
differentiated, the lobes deltoid. Achene
subeylindrie, 5-10-angled or 5-10-ribbed.
Pappus in both ray and disk a lobed crown.
—About 100 species, widely distributed.
. M. Parthenium L. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, striate: leaf-blades broad, Md of
the lower ones at least, twice pinnately parted, the d incised: involucre
7-10 mm. wide; outer bracts a eluate d acute; inner bracts eae -ellip-
tic, 2.5-3 mm. long, acute or obtu ligules white, m mm. long: disk cream-
colored: achene 1.5 mm. long, 8-10-ribbed; pappus a toothed crown. [Chrys-
anthemum Parthenium | (L.) rnh ee )-—Roadsides, fence-rows,
A 1d waste-places, various proces to Ohio and N. B.; also Calif.
o Wa sh. Nat. of Eu.—(V. I., Mez., ra id.) eum —fall.
110. LEUCANTHEMUM [Tourn.] Mill. Perennial herbs with root-
tocks. Leaves alternate: blades toothed or entire, or sometimes pinnatifid.
Died solitary at the ends of the stem and
branches. Involuere saucer-shaped: bracts
somewhat imbricate in 2—4 series, narrow.
Receptaele flat or convex, naked. Ra ay-
flowers usually present, 10-25, pistillate and
fruit-producing: corollas with white ligules.
Disk-flowers numerous, perfect, fruit-pro-
ducing: corollas yellow, the tube en)
shorter than the front the lobes lanceo-
late. Filaments adnate to the be
Achene cylindric or ed so, 10-ribbed or
10-angled. Pappus wanting or obsolete, or
in the ray a mere crown.—About 20 species,
natives of the northern hemisphere.
1470 | CARDUACEAE
1. Leucanthemum (L.) oe 2 A pes tall, glabrous or nearly so:
irn lade spatulate to linear, 2-15 cm. long, ipe or Lauer a involucre
mm. wide; outer mee linear- pA cute: inner brae aps
5 p 5 mm. long, obtuse: ray-flowers numerous; MB white or pink 2.5
. long: disk yellow: id Pau about 1.5 mm. long: pappus S
[Chrysanthemum Leucanthem L.]—(WHITE-DAISY. OX-EYE DAISY. WHITE-
—Fie roadsides, ini co waste-places, nearly throughout S.
f O. W.—(W. I.)—Sum.-fall.Widely distributed in the
is "Can
Ed St es during the Civil War. In the mountains, when abundant, the
plants, espeeially the ripe heads, are much eaten by sheep.
111. CHRYSANTHEMUM L. Annual herbs, suggesting coarse-leaved
ta or Cotula. Leaves alternate: blades toothed to pinnatifid. Heads
racts thin, imbricate 1 out 3 series, br R tacle convex, nake
Ray-flo 0-20, pistillate, fruit-producing: corollas with yellow igus.
Disk-flowers numerous, perfe uit-producing: corollas yello tub
throat about equal in length, the lobes o s various, tho ie
o
ray short and obpyramidal, with 2 or 3 wing-angles, those of the disk prismatic
or cylindric, 8-10-ribbed. Pappus wanting.—About 15 species, natives of the
ld World
Leaf-blades dissected, bipinnatifid : achenes of the ray 3-angled, the median angle
1.
with the broader wing-margin . coronarium.
. Leaf- pua toothed or zum pinnately lobed: achenes of the
with 2 lateral wings. 2. C. segetum.
. CQ. coronarium L. Stem 3-6 dm. tall glabrous: blades of the cauline
leaves obovate outline 3-6 em. long, mostly bipinnatifid, sessile and auricled,
the t ate:
r les
to elliptic, with broad light-brown margins:
ray-flowers 15-20, the ligules 1-1.5 em. long:
disk- miis about pota . long: achenes of
the ray 3-angled, t o middle angle winged,
those of the disk ^" Ru the inner angle
to r.—Waste-places and
a spu
roadsides, various ir Ala. to Ont.
Nat. of Medit. Reg.—(W. I.)—Spr.—fall.
ect L. Stem 2-5 dm. tall,
glabro blades of the cauline. ‘leaves
panne to elliptic or lanceolate, ied
lobed, toothed, or entire, the segm ob-
lanceolate to euneate: heads on pedu ae eee less than 5 em. long: involucre
about 1 em. high; bracts a a broadly so, with broad brown margins:
ray-flowers 12-15, the ligules 1-2 cm. long: di sk-corallas about 5 mm. long:
achenes of the ray with mid bee wings, those of the disk cylindric, 10-
ribbed.— ( CORN-MARIGOLD ORN-CHRYSANTHEMUM. >- Waste -plaees, fields, and
eult. grounds, various provinces Fla. to Ala., N. Y., and N. B.; also Calif. and
Ore. Nat. of O. W.—Sum.-fall.
112. TANACETUM [Tourn.] L. Perennial rather coarse erect herbs
with rootstocks or rarely annuals. Leaves alternate: blades once to thrice
CARDUACEAE 1471
pinnatifid. Heads corymbose. Involuecre
emispherie to saucer-shaped: braets in 2
3 series, usually narrow, often partly
similar. Receptacle convex, naked. Ray-
flowers 5-20, pistillate, fruit-producing:
corollas with erect or spre ind inconspicu-
ous, yellow ligules. Disk-flov numerous,
rfect, fruit-producing: bod with
tube and throat only eon nom ded
A beyli of th
|
chenes sube rie, thos ray |
mostly 3-angled, those of Hs disk 5-angled
s a crown-like border.—About 30 spe- i
appus a
cies, widely distributed in the Northern
Hemisphere.
i T. Mar edi L. Plants po 3-10 dm. tall, acrid-aromatic: leaf- Aa
5—20 e m. long, with x ultimate segments sharply toothed: involuere
wide, the inner bracts 4-5 mm. long: ray-flowers scarcely eee the disk
and so inconspieuous as Pa make ke heads appear discoid; corollas yellow:
achene t 2 long.—-(TANSY.)—Fields, roadsides, and about Sici
various provinces, . Ga. to "Miss., Calif. Wash., and N. S. ‘Nat of O. W.—Sun
ARTEMISIA L. Annual or perennial, often copiously branehed
d
113.
herbs, or shrubs. Leaves alternate: blades dissected, “lobed, or toothe ; or
i S tively small, mostly in panicles, usually nodding before
maturity, apparently discoid, the marginal flowers without ligules or wanting
Involuere campanulate to hemispheric: bra 2-4 es, the inner longer
than the outer. Receptaele convex or naked 1airy.
Flowers yellowish or greenish. Marginal flowers aps d Movers)
pistillaate, fruit-producing: | eerie various, sometimes oblique, anting.
Disk-flowers few, ae often fruit-producing: corollas ae ae. Pad
form, or trumpet-shaped. chene ellipsoid, terete. Pappus wanting.—About
250 species, in the Northern Hemisphere and South Ameriea.—WORM' WOODS.
D flowers not producing fruits: stigmas united or very short and erect: receptacle
I. DRACUNCULOIDES,
Disk- flowers fruit- producing, their stigmas elongate and
recurved.
Receptacle hairy. II. FRIGIDAE.
Receptacle naked.
nnual or ann herbs. III. ANNUAE.
Perennial plant
Leaf-blade s with broad lobes IV. VULGARES.
"s blades bipinnatifid, the segments very nar-
row or filiform. V. PONTICAE.
I. DRACUNCULOIDES
Plant biennial: heads mostly erect.
Plant perennial: heads mostly nodding.
A. caudata
. Å. campestr is.
m
II. FRIGIDAE
Woody perennial: leaf-blades with linear to ovate obtuse teeth. 3. A. Absinthium.
II. ANNUAE
Heads in dense axillary spikes, not nodding. 4. A. biennis.
Heads in lax racemes or panicles, nodding. . A. annua.
e
1472 CARDUACEAE
IV. VULGARES
pd. en parens lobed leaf-blades: heads in simple or com-
ound s 6. A. vulgaris.
V. PONTICAE
Perennial with narrow lobed leaf-blades: heads in simple or
compound racemes. 7. A. Abrotanum.
1. A. caudata Michx. Stem, glabrous, d least at maturity, 5-18 dm. tall,
often with ascending branches at the bi : leaves numerous; blades uc to
thrice p divided, the d line
filiform to nearly - fili for eads ae
u n i j
ducing fru mm. high; bracts ovate to
oval or hun du ray-flowers pud
corollas 1.5 mm. long: achene about 1 m
long.—Sandy soil, various provinces, Fla.
to Tex., Wyo., and N. B.—Sum.-fall.
2. A. campestris L. Stem, glabrous, 3—6
dm. tall, usually geen’ 2 leave es
clustered 2 aA bas e of t ; blades
ostly o or twice Qo. diviled, the
segments pes -filiform: heads numerous,
open panicles: involucre with the disk-
ee. perfect, but not Producing br 2-2.5 mm. high; ge ovate to
oval: ray-flowers 6-10: corollas 1 . long: Mes fully 0.5 mm. long.—
a woods and dry banks, various AN S. C. to Conn. Nat. of Eu. —Sum.—
A. Abs 1n L. Stem, or less woody, 4-12 dm. tall, finely
cinere ous-pubescent, mu euch d leaf-blades once, twice, or thrice pin-
nately div ided, pos segments linear, pt or ovate: heads numerous in
leafy panicles, nodding: involucr e 3- 3.5 mm. high, w vith the central flowers
dics iid ing; braets lanceolate E ovate: por cd out 10: corollas 1.5
ong: achene fully 1 mm —(WORMWOOD.)— — Fields, M ME and
banke, rie provin ces, N. C. E^ P Utah, B. C. Ont., and 'Newf. Nat. of
Eu.—Sum.-fal
4. A. biennis Willd. Plant glabrous, inodorous, insipid, 2-11 dm. tall, the
stem nearly simple or sparingly branched: leaves numerous; blades once or
twice erred divide d, the segments lanceolate or linear, incised-pinnatifid
or pinnatifid: paniele ‘branches pa d in qu heads not drooping, erowded
e 2- wit
in En cem involue high, h the central flowers perfect
and fruit-produeing; ip ‘elliptic do elliptic-laneeolate: ray-flowers 10-15;
disk- flowers 10-15; corollas yellow, mes Eie . long: achene about 1 mm.
long. ne y banks and rocky soil, arog, vinees N a Coastal Plain,
Tenn. to Mo., B. C., N. S., and Pa.; ae ada eastward.— (0. W.)—Sum.-fall.
5. A. annua L. Plant, glabrous, id d 4—10 dm. tall, the stem much-
Pd. leaf-blades once, twice e pinnately divided, the segments
elliptic or incised, or pinnatifid: b Dance endi n n loose racemes:
a a a hun erg nodding: involucre about 1. 5 mm. hi igh, ith
pe B;
less than 1m ues disk- flowers or 6; corollas a l mm. long: achene
l mm. lon z Fields, roadsides, a aste- i various provinces, Tenn. to
O. W.—Sum
Ark., Ont., N. B., and Va.; also Calif. Nat.
CARDUACEAE 1473
6. A. vulgaris L. Herbaceous, lanate-tomentose, 3-12 dm. tall, the stems
i m T "branched: leaf-bla des various, white-w woolly beneath, twice pin-
ments 1
nodding, soon erect, in a leafy panicle: involucre 4- high, with the
central En fruit-producing; bracts ovate to elliptic or r elliptic- Janceolate:
ray-flowers 6-12; corollas 2 mm. long: LU s 5- eae corollas 2.5
long: Mc L 5m m. long or more.— “(tua Wn ee) c Bets
stream- penna) eult. grounds, and waste- places, pim Y provinces Ga. to Ala.
B. C., Ont., and Newf. Nat. of Eu—(W. I.)—Sum
7. A. Abrotanum L. Shrub 1 m. tall or ec puberulent or glabrous, the
stem mueh-branehed, the branches erect or ascending: leaf tops dips pin-
nately m the segments linear- A E heads numero nod-
ta n leafy panicles: involucre abou igh; bracts linear lanceolate
to e elliptic, arachnoid-canescent: ray- lowers poem 10; eorollas 1.5 mm. long:
disk-flowers 15-20; ss nearly 2 mm. long: achene about 1 mm. oni.
(BOLT DD p) 2 Was te-places and dudes various provinees, N. C. to
Colo. and N. B. Nat. of "Eu .— Sum.-fall.
114. SOLIVA R. & P. Annual, caulescent, diminutive herbs. Leav
alternate: blades dece twice igh the ultimate segments deeply bed
. Heads sessile on the the
nches, green, discoid, "m dioere ws
SEI and apetalous, the few perfect
ones with 2-6-lobed corollas. Involuere
hemispheric: bracts. broad in 2 series.
Anthers broad, mostly rounded at the base.
ne
often broadly pandurate, smooth, usually
prolonged into a short spine on either side
of the larger terminal spine. Pappus none.
—About 3 species, South American. |
1. S. sessilis R. & P. Plant depressed, t
stem and branches, at least, villous: leav s 2- 9 em. long, the lobes acute or
acuminate, ciliate: 'involuere sessile in the somewhat dilated leaf-bases; bracts
ovate, about 4 mm. long, acute or sharp ac achene-body about 2 mm
long, the broad wings ciliolate, eal spine bout as lon ng a the achene-
body.—Lawns and banks, N Fla. o La. Nat. of S. Am.—Spr.-f
GYMNOSTYLES A. Juss. Annual, caulescent, diminutive, often
once or twice pin-
matted Siolun ferons herbs. Leaves alternate lades
nately divided, the ultimate segments entire or toothed Heads sessile at one
ase of the plant, green, discoid, flowers as in Soliva. Involucre hem
spheric, becoming flattish: bracts narrow, i o series ers narrow,
n
Ja sagittate at the uem Achene somewhat flattened, with callous cor-
rugated margins and a terminal spine. Pappus none.—About 3 species, South
American.
Leaf-blades 2-pinnate: achene-callous corrugated up to the base of the rounded top:
heads much depressed, 8-10 mm. wide. . Ga anthemifolia.
Leaf-blades 1-pinnate : quien calloue corrugated D d vag trun-
ate or notched top: heads subglobose, 3—6 mm 2. G. nasturtiifolia.
93
1474 CARDUACEAE
1. G. anthemifolia A. Juss MP id depressed, light-green, the
edm often creeping: leave erect or nearly so, 4-14 cm. long, the lobes
acute or acuminate, long-hairy: peace o "hé
involuere eid eiae. 4.5-5.5 mm
usually som E ie minate: achene-body
ellipsoid-cuneate 2 a long, t
margins sage) Rut E n dense tufts,
bayou-bank oadsides, i ES S
fields, a in waste pour Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex. Nat. of S. Am —Spr.
G.nasturtiifolia A. Juss. Plant much de-
ne-body eun long, es
os sharply qM poole s (A. Juss.) D. C.]—In patches
or carpets, low, moist, or damp, partly shaded places, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La.
and N. C. Nat of S. Am. —FEarly spr.
116. ARNICA L. Perennial simple-stemmed or sparingly branched
herbs. Leaves typica oe i ia blades entire or toothed. Heads solitary
ral. Involuere tly turbinate or
eampanulate, or die T i : bracts
early equal, narrow. Ray-flowers with yel-
p r
tles.—About 45 species, in the Northern
Hemisphere.
1. A. acaulis (Walt.) B. S. P. Plant 2-10
dm. tall hirsute: leaves mainly bas al and
rou
l or ovate, 5-1 long, lio E S
toothed or rae entire: braets of the i;
voluere 9.5-11 long, acute: ligules L A 2.5 cm. long: achene 4 mm. long.
. nudicaulis Nutt.]— quon se E.)— uat ne low rs n woods, in
acid soil, Coastal Plain and adj. provinees, Fla. to —Sum.—Rather rare.
117. EMILIA. Cass. Annual or perennial, tender herbs. Leaves
alternate, but often pci basal: blades entire toothed, or lyrate-pinnatifid.
Heads solitary or in lax corymbs. Involucre swollen at the base: bracts in one
series and without ee ones at the base. Ray- dou wanting. Disk-
eorollas golden, purple, or red, with a cylindrie throat and a slender tube, the
lobes lanceolate. Filaments slender. Achene 5-ribbed—About $3 species,
natives of the Old World Tropics.
Corollas searlet or orange: heads stout: involucre campanulate, usually over 1 cm.
1. E. coccinea.
Corollás lilac or pale- PA heads To involucre cylin-
dric-campanulate, usually s than 1 em. long. 2. E. sonchifolia.
1 Revised by Edward Johnston ends
CARDUACEAE 1475
1. E. coccinea (Sims) Sweet. Plant moderately slender, mostly 1-8 dm
tall: leaf- bd rather p those of the lower leaves spatula, those of
the upper leaves lanceolate to linear,
S. A.)—AI 3
. E. sonchifolia (L.) DC. Plant very
slender, 1-5 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate
in ou utline below, e laneeolate to elliptie,
all aurieled at the base, the lower narrowed
to a wing-like edo between the E s /
and the aurieled base, all sinuate-dentat i
Tea n atifid: heads long-pedune elod: m braets linear, 8-10 mm.
ong: e 7-8 m ong: achene 3 mm. long.—Cult. grounds, w aste- iod
fields, d ae ie Fla. and Florida Keys. Nat. of O. W. trop.—
., Mex., C. A., S. A.)
118. GYNURA Cass. Annual or perennial, rather coarse herbs or
subshrubs. Leaves alternate; vd entire, toothed, pinnatifid or pinnately
parted. eads solitary to many. Involuere campanulate or eylindrie, with
several subtending bractlets: bracts flat. Heads diseoid. Corollas yellow or
Much e to red, with a long, narrow Eun form throat, and triangular or ovate
Achene terete, 5-10-ribbed. Pappus copious,
white.—About 20 species, natives of Asia,
Africa, East Indies, and Australia.
acres (Blume) DC. Plant up
se: the ‘i i . *
rowly linear to filiform; nooner 10-15 mm. high: corollas yellow-orange:
achene pubeseent.—( VELVET-PLANT.)—Pinelands, roadsides and waste-places,
S pen. Fla. Nat. of E. I. OF. I.)—Spr.
119. MESADENIA Raf. Perennial, somewhat leafy herbs. Leaves
alternate: blades undulate, toothed, or somewhat lobed. Heads in corymb-
like clusters but centrifugal. Involucre cylindric to cylindrie-ovoid: bracts
sometimes winged or keeled. Flowers white or pinkish; disk-corollas with
linear or linear-lanceolate lobes longer than the p throat. ila-
ments filiform. Achene ribbed, glabrous. [Cacalia L. in part]—About 30
species, North Ameriean.—Sum. or Spr.-fall S.—INDIAN- ae INS.
Bracts of the involucre wingless
Leaf- ue pedately or digitately veined, those of the lower leaves wider than
lon I. RENIFORMES.
1476 CARDUACEAE
Leaf-blades parallel-veined or subpinnately veined: stem
erete. II. LANCEOLATAE.
Bracts of the involucre winged along the midrib. III. TUBEROSAE
I. RENIFORMES
Leaves green on both sides or glaucous beneath; blades
ped
eaves green: stem furrowed. 1. M. reniformis.
Leaves glaucous bene eah: pm 2. M.atriplicifolia.
Leaves glaucous on both sides: VERS Taan veined. 3. M. maxima
II. LANCEOLATAE
Leaf-blades ovate, commonly broadly so. 4. M. Elliottii.
Leaf-blades linear to lanceolate. 5. M. lanceolata.
III. TUREROSAE
Stem terete, merely striate: blades of the upper stem-leaves
hastate. M. diversifolia.
Stem ene or angled: blades of the upper stem-leaves not
jasta
Lower as with 7-9-veined pod or crenate blades.
Leaf-blades entire or near T. M. tuberosa.
Leaf-blades crenate. 8. M. floridana.
Lower leaves with 3-5-veined sinuate-dentate blades. 9. M. sulcata.
M. reniformis (Muhl.) p Stem 9-30 dm. tall: blades of the cauline
nace reniform, 10-60 em. wide: involucral bracts 8-11 mm. long: achene
about 5 mm. long. [C. reniformis Muhl.
(GREAT — INDIAN-PLANTAIN.)—Rich banks,
woods, and thickets, various provinces,
rarely Coastal Plain, Ga. to Ala., Tenn.,
Minn., and N. J.
2. M. atriplicifolia (L.) R Stem 9—20
ey tall: blades of the Pe leaves ovate
triangular, or narrower above, angulate-
lobed or shar rply a and ban] toothe d: in-
nre bracts 8-11 m g: achene 4—4.5
long. [C. atriptieifolia L.]— (PALE
M -PLANTAIN.) — ods, various prov-
inces, Fla. to Kans., Mina. and N. J.
M. xima Harper, Stem about 15
dm. tall: * blades of the caùline pu broadly ovate or narrower above, coarsely
sinuate-toothed involucral bracts 9-11 m ong: achene not seen. —Dry pin
lands, Sumter Co., near inner edge of Coastal Plain of Ga.
4. M. Elliottii Harper. Stem 8-12 dm. tall: blades of cauline leaves
ovate to oval, A Or | D -undulate: a bracts 8-10 mm. long:
x ne 6-6.5 long. [Cacalia ovata (Chapm. Fl.) n ovata (Fl. SE.
S.) ]—Sw n E pode and damp woods, Coastal "Plain, Fla. to
Lá. and Ga.—Late
M. lanceolata (Nutt.) ore Stem 8-15 dm. tall: blades of the cauline
leaves linear, na sa lanceolate, or linear- elliptic, entire or repand- bcnc
late: laucous (or rely ellos vi pue in M. = eolata virescens) :
volucral bracts 3-10 mm. long: achene about 5 on C. lanceolata
Nutt. ]}— Everglades and w = m) Coastal Plain, Fia. to La. and N.
ec c Apuli (T. & G.) Greene. Similar to M. atriplicifolia in habit,
t glaucous: stem angled, bracts ree corolla-lobes but little longer
ae E throat. [C. t T. G. . difformis Small.]—Swamps,
Coastal Plain, W Fla. and S
CARDUACEAE 1477
7. M. tuberosa (Nutt.) Britton. Stem 6-12 dm. tall: blades of the cauline
leaves ovate, oval, dd -lanceolate, or narrowly elliptic, 5-20 em. long: bracts
of the involucre 8-10 m m. long: achene 4.5-5 mm. long. is tuberosa Nutt. ]—
Prairies, various e Ala. to La., Minn., and Ont
= En pcr (A. Gray) Greene. Stem 7-12 dm. tall: leaf- eur ovate,
elliptic, erenate: involueral Ds 10-12 mm. long: rolla-lobes
I d n the throat: achene about 5 mm. long. Nic ine Ac
E Fla.—Spr.-s
9. M. sulcata (Fernald) Small Stem 9-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades ovate to
d ovate narrowly elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate: involucral bracts 8-10
. long: corolla-lobes twice as long as the throat: achene 5.5-6 mm. long.—
Bogs or T dE Coastal Plain, N Fla. to Ala. and Ga.—Sum.—fall.
120. SYNOSMA Raf. Perennial, copiously leafy herbs. Leaves alter-
lades d to hastate, toothed. En eorymbose. Involucre
narrow. Flowers
late lobes shorter than the funnelform
throat. Filaments enlarged below the
anthers. Achene ribbed, glabrous.—One
species
1. S. suaveolens (L.) stare Plant 6-15
dm. e in enin ur blades hastate,
8-2 ong, Serr dentate-serrate :
A us E the “involuer 10-1
‘long: corollas p nm. long: achene
slender, 7-9 mm. long. "Tenn suaveolens
L.]— — Rich woods, thiekets, and shaded
banks, various provinces, Fla a. to Tenn,
Minn., and Mass.—Sum.-fall.
Gao
~ Do
Echt SS
= -
ON
Q
21. ERECHTITES Raf. Annual herbs. Leaves alternate: blades
toothed or pinnatifid. Heads corymbose or panieulate. Involucre narrow and
somewhat swollen at the base: braets nar- ;
row, flat. Disk-eorollas with triangular-
laneeolate or deltoid lobes shorter than the
narrow throat. Filaments longer than the
Achene bons Pappus of many
white bristles.—A bout 12 species, American
and Australia
1l. E. ue (L.) Raf. Plant 2-20
dm. tall, watery: leaf s spatulate-
poet ae to lanceolate, 5-20 em. long, coarsely
oe incised, or iun did: involucre 12-
5 long; hee TTO 2
om = m. long, white: achene a
1.5 mm — (FIREWEED. — RT. ) Fields woods, roadsides, and waste-
places, various provinces, Fla. to La., Sask ve wf.—Sum. Or all year S.—
rather tender, but also omewhat ‘coarse na varying greatly in habit and
with vus endless leaf- -form
1478 CARDUACEAE
192. SENECIO [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alter-
nate: blades entire, toothed, pinnatifid, or pinnately par rted. Heads solitary
or many. Involuere campanulate to cylindric: bracts flat. Ligules of the
ray yellow, when present, in our species. Disk-corollas yellow with a funnel-
form throat and triangular or ovate lobes. Filaments often enlarged below
the anthers. Achene 5-10-ribbed, pubescent or papillose.—A bout 1,500 species,
widely distributed.—Spr.—SqUAW-WEEDS. RAGWORTS. RAGWEEDS. GROUNDSELS.
Plant annual or perhaps biennial: pubescence, if present, arachnoid.
Ray-flowers Dos achene pubescent on B age S. I. LOBATI.
Ray-flowers wanting : achene pubescent all o II. VULGARES.
Plant perennia al: foliage, if pubescent, woolly Ur E l
H large, the involucres over 1 cm. high: ray- Towers
non io III. NUDICAULES,
po small, the Du cien less than 1 em. high: ray-
owers normally present.
Mn of the basal jede es toothed or partly and slightly
lyrate-pinnati IV. AUREI.
Blades of the basal leaves pinnately parted and twice
irice pinnatifid or dissected. V. MILLEFOLIA.
I. LOBATI
Plant with pinnately parted leaf-blades: involuere 4—5 mm.
hi
gh; bracts light-green. 1. S. glabellus.
VULGARE
Plant with pinnatifid leaf-blades: soluere 6-8 mm. high;
2E acts, as well as the small bracts at then Ted dark-green
r black. 2. S. vulgaris.
NUDICAULES
Stem usually bearing 3-5 pedunculite somewhat racemose
heads: heads very many-flowered. 3. S. Rugelia.
T
I AURIE
Blades of the pasa leaves cordate or truncate at the base.
Blades of t basal leaves p one lanceolate or
sllipiic lanceolate, sharply serr 4. S. Robbinsit.
of the basal leaves
volucres over 5 i high.
olucres less T D ma
aureus.
high. ili
Blades Jus asal fuc gradually narrowed or cuneate at
gracilis.
di
un
Biades of the basal leaves scarcely longer than broad. 7. S. rotundus.
Blades of the basal leaves manifestly or markedly longer
han broad.
Blades of the basal leaves wholly, or predominately,
narrowly or broadly spatulate: achene glabrous. 8. S. obovatus.
Blades of the basal plene wholy, or predominately
elliptic, oval, Ad per ceolate : àchene pubescent.
copiou
n
densely SN Mo base of the stem and petioles ot
the basal leaves usually T silky-tomen
ose.
Involucre 4-6 mm. high: blades of the basal
leaves elliptic or oval, varying to broadest
above or below the middle, or oblanceolate
to lanceolate.
Blades of the basal leaves elliptic to oval,
y to ovate or obovate: involucre 5—6
9. S. pauperculus.
10. S. Smallii.
Blades of "the basal ed irse lanceolate
to oblanceolate: involu 5 mm. long.
m 6—7 mm. high: blades of the basal leaves
triangular- mud to broadly lanceolate, triangu-
lar-lanceolate, or ovate. 1. S. tomentosus.
deed nearly Sino. "^ the base of the stem, petioles,
inflorescence inconspicuously arachno id. 19. S. alabamensis.
V. MILLEFOLIA
Primary leaf-divisions 1—2-pinnatifid. 13. S. Memmingeri.
Primary leaf-divisions dissected, the ultimate divisions mainly
linear. 14. S. Millefolium.
CARDUACEAE 1479
S. e nae Pare Plant annual, glabrous, the ste em, 1-9 dm. tall: leaf-
blades 3-20 ong, the lateral VA cuneate to suborbicular, coarsely
pu the ferminal lobe rather large:
volue 4—6 ong; bracts n Ni
inr P linear lanceolate: eae ules 4-8 mm.
long: achene 1.5-2 m , pubescent on
i S
bottoms, various provinees, Fla. to
Tex., Mo., Ill, and N. C.—(Mez.)—Spr.-
fall.—The form with few-lobed broad ter-
minal ae cane has been described as
S. ane called BUT-
TER-WEE
S. vulgaris L. Plant annual, sparingly
d the stem 5 dm. tall or le ess, hollow,
eorymbos EA Pan ar blades mo pi 1
les
dm obes and rachis
toothed, the id lobe cca m involuere 6-8 mm
row, acuminate: ligules wanting: achene about 2.5 mm
cent all ov (CoMMON-GROUNDSEL.)—Cullt, grounds and Lo ne Various
provinces, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C Tex., Ont., and
Paeifie Coast. at. E Sp dd viscosus
vulgaris and strong-scented, with wholly green aoled] bracts and incon-
spicuous ray-flowers, has een reported from N. C. It is a native of Eu.
3. S. Rugelia A. Gray. des 2—5 dm. tall: leaf- ser ovate to elliptic-oval,
8-15 em. DE denticulate or dentate: braets of the involuere linear-lanceolate,
lon Hi igh
12-13 m ong: disk-cor uo T- 8 mm. long: inae a 6 mm. long.—
mt. ence Be Ridge, N. C. and Tenn.—Sum
4, S. Robbinsii Oakes. Plant ane ap e blades of the basal leaves 3-8
em. long, acute: involuere 6-8 m ong; braets i uu t ligules 4-5
mm. long: achene pubescent. Mt. Ede “Roan Mt. e Blue Ridge of
N. C. and Tenn., and more N e., N. Y. to Que. E —Sum..
5. us r Plant 3-7 dm. tall: ee i the basal leaves 2-12 cm
En jode the apex: involucre 6-7 ong; braets linear, fully 1 mm.
wide: ligules iode 9.0—/.5 mm. lon achene glabrous. —Low grounds,
ng:
swamps, and wet woods, various provinees, Fla, to Tex. Ont, and Newf.—
Spr.-sum.
6. S. gracilis Pursh. Plant similar es that of S. aureus in jane but smaller
a e slender: involuere 3.5-4.5 mm. long; bracts narrowly linear, scarcely
lr vide: xd S broad, 3.5-5 mm. long -—Wet grounds, various provinces,
Ga. m Pa—
7. S. rotundus (Britton) Small Pl es - 6 dm. tall: blades of the basal
-o pee ular to orbicular-ovate, sely crenate-serrate: i 4—5
long; bracts linear-subulate to enr piens ligules 8-10 m ng.—
I grounds or wet rocks, various provinces, La. to Tex., Mo., and Ohio —Spr.
. S. obovatus Muhl. Plant 1-5 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves spatu-
ju A idu eoarsely toothed or some of them lyrate- cupri Ended
4-5 m : br aets narrowly linear or M dr ligules . long.
— Thicket ‘and dry hillsides, various provinces, W Fla. to Tex., vi. an ad Me.—
Spr.—
9. S. pauperculus Michx. Plant 2-6 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves
elliptic to oval, varying ovate or obovate, serrate, incised-serrate or partly
1480 CARDUACEAE
\
pinnatifid: heads typically few, not crowded: involucre 5-6 mm. long; bracts
glabrous or nearly so: ligules of the ray mostly 7-9 mm . long: ios 2.0—3
. long.—Stony woods, dry pastures, hillsides, ud meadows, various prov-
Noe Ga. to Tex., B. C., Ont., and Newf.—Spr.— —Senecio Earlei Small
seems to be a more robust and pore leaved form ofi this species in the south-
ern part of its range.
10. S.Smallii Britton. Plant 3-6 dm. tall: blades of x basalleaves narrowly
lanceolate to E s serrate, incised-serrate, or incised or pinnatifid near
the base: heads typically numerous and often crowded: oie 4—5 mm. long;
braets glabr us or nearly so: ligules of the ray mostly 4-5 mm. long: achenes
1.5- ong.—Sandy fields, ditches, pinewoods, and dry woods, various
mur V "ls. to Miss., Tenn., 'and Pa. hs
11. S. tomentosus Miehx. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, the dee bL and per-
sistently floccose-tomentose: blades of the bas al leaves angular-ovate to
broadly pon a triangular lanceolate, or ovate, cren TA or crenate-serrate,
abruptly n rrowed o truneate at the base: heads few, at least relatively so,
ultimately iot er RAN involuere ue mm. long; braets densely white- -pubescent
when young: ligules of the ray 5-8 mm. long: achene 2-2.5 m m. long.—Sandy
fields, banks, roadsides, and prairies, Coastal Plain iud adj. provinces, Fla. to
Tex., Ark., and N. J —Spr.
12. S. n. Britton. Plant similar to S. E in habit, but nearly
glabrous up t inflorescence where the peduncles are arachnoid: blades of
the basal AE pm triangular-ovate, or mida iun dentate,
or ere aei often inequilatera alat the abruptly pida or truncate base;
heads r r few, not crowded, except when young: involucre 6-7 mm. long:
braets slightly arachnoid or nea arly glabrous: ligules 5-8 mm. long: achene
about 2.5 mm. long.—Moist pine woods, Coastal Plain, Ala.—Spr.
13. S. Me yaoi bu Plant 3-6 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves
bipinnatifid: involuc mm. long; braets linear: ligules 5-6 mm. long.—
n and dry Soil, "Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, Ala. to N. C.—Spr.-
14. S. Millefolium T. & G. Plant 3-7 dm. tall: blades of the basal leaves
bipinn ul dissected into narrowly linear segments: involucre 5-6 mm. long;
braets linear pe usually lanceolate at the tip: ligules 2-4 mm. long: disk-
corollas 4 mm. long.—Cliffs, Blue Ridge, S. C. and N. C—Sum.
23. ARCTIUM L. Biennial, coarse herbs. Leaves alternate: blades
often ample, mainly entire or repand. Heads solitary in the axils or clustered;
not conspicuous. Involucre with many nar- "77
row braets, eaeh hooked at the tip. Fila-
ments glabrous. Pappus of short, rigid or
seale-like bristles.—About 6 species, Eura-
sian.
1. A. us Schk. Plant 4-16 dm. tall,
often ae branched: leaf- sap ovate,
those of the lower cauline leaves 2—4.5
long, all undulate or shallowly oe
cuneate to elliptic. inn 5-6 mm. long or
rarely smaller. — (BURDOCK. BEGGAR’S-
BUTTONS. CLOTBUR.) — Waste-places, cult.
grounds, and roadsides throughout U. S. and S Can. Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall.
CARDUACEAE 1481.
124. CIRSIUM Filion Hil. Annual, biennial or perennial, large
or coarse herbs. Leaves alternate: blades toothed, lobed, or pinnatifid, usually
spiny. Heads erect, often showy. Involucre with the outer bracts, at least,
eae tipped or spiny margined. Flowers violet, purple, lilac, or yellowish, or
white. “Filan no mostly pubescent. Pappus of elongate capillary,
cl bristles in several series.—More than 200 species, iniu distributed
in the Northern D —Sum.fall or all year S.—THISTLES. BULL
THISTLES.
Heads not involucrate, but sometimes approximate to 1 or few bract-like leaves.
Bracts of the involucre not spine-tipped.
Heads solitary or few, large, the involucre over 2 cm.
in diameter. I. MUTICA.
x n small, the involucre less than 2 em.
n diam II. ARVENSIA.
Bad: “of the ene at least the outer spine-tipped.
Spines of the involucral bracts appressed or erect. III. REPANDA.
Sp. of the involucral bracts spreading.
ner bracts of the involucre narrow, with soft
“dattened tips. IV. ALTISSIMA.
Inner bracts of the involucre, as well as outer spine-
ippe V. LANCEOLATA.
m jnvolucrate, surrounded by a whorl of spinescent
VI. HORRIDULA.
I. Mu
Rather tall plant with woolly involucral pam and deeply
pinnatifid leaf-blades. 1. C. muticum.
! II. ARVE
Very spiny erect or diffuse plant T pue of numerous
small, lilac-colored, heads of flow 2. C. arvense.
III. REPANDA
Body of the involucre 2 cm. thick or less
Leaf-margins Eel y Spiny: glutinous line of the involu-
eral bracts n 3. C. repandum.
Leaf-margins nor "de oseio spiny: glutinous line of the in-
volueral bracts broad. 4. C. LeContei.
Body of the involucre 3 cm. thick or more. 5. C. odoratum.
IV. ALTISSIMA
Involuere less than 1.5 cm. thick.
Le i? 2 Bees apio lanate-tomentose beneath.
lades merely spiny toothed: spines of the involu-
x DR slender, over 2 mm. lon 6. C. virginianum.
Leaf-blades pinnatifid: or sin nuate- pinnatifid : Bel ee of
e involucral bracts stout, less than 2 mm. long. T. C. revolutum.
Leaf-blades thinly lanate-tomentose beneath.
eaf-blades with weak, rather few, marginal spines:
pores of the involücral bracts over 2 mm. lon 8. C. flaccidum.
a with long and stout, very numerous mar-
nal E spines of the involucral braets less than
2n . lon 9. C. Nuttallii.
Involucre ov er l
WX ene thick.
Leaf-blades, exe cept those near the heads, merely toothed. 10. C. altissimum.
Leaf-blades 1-2- -pinnatifid. 11. C. discolor.
V. LANCEOLAT
Very spiny plant with decurrent leaves: m e flowers bril-
liant-violet. 12. C. lanceolatum.
VI. HORRIDULA
Involueral bracts all serrulate-ciliate
twice as long as the filaments. 9. C. vittatum.
Basal leaves with broad pinnatifid blades: anthers about l
as long as the filaments. 14. C. Smallii.
Involucral bracts puberulent or pubescent, but not ciliate. 15. C. horridulum.
1. C. m Miehx. Stem 8-25 dm. tall, angled, sors id or glabrate:
leaf blades aa to elliptic-ovate, 1—2-pinnatifid, mainly 17-40 em. long,
1482 CARDUACEAE
rather weakly spine-armed: outer bracts of
the involuere obtuse or euspidate, the inner
ones narrowly linear, short-acuminate, 27—29
. long: corollas lilae, mos E 2 -30 mm
en —(SWAMP-THISTL Ee —Swamps, mead-
ian ‘fields, and roadsides, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex. Sask., and Newf.—Sum.-fall.
2. O. arvense (L.) Scop. Stems 2-10 dm.
all glabrous or nearly so: ned
| : ts of in-
voluere acute, - e inner ones mm, pe
short-acumina 9—12 long: corollas
lilae to rosy- Aad or white, mostly 12-15 mm. lon g:— (Canapa: -THISTLE. )—
Fields, pastures, waste- placos, and roadsides, various provi , N. C. to Kans.,
B. C., and Newf.—Sum.—Nat. of Eu.—Plants are a e dioecious.
C. repandum Michx. Stem 1.5-5 dm. tall webby-lanate: leaf-blades
spatulate to narrowly elliptic or broadly linear, pinnately many-lobed and
copiously spiny: outer bracts of the involucre long-acumina te, the inner ones
with curled tips: corollas rosy-purple.—Pinelands and sand-hills, Coastal Plain,
Fla. to N. C.—Sum. |
4. C. LeContei T. & G. Stem 6-11 dm. tall, floccose- -woolly: leaf- blades
oblanceolate to lanceolate, pinnatifid and relatively sparingly spiny: outer
bracts of the involucre short-acuminate, the inner ones with erect tips: corollas
rosy-purple.—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to La. and N. C.—Sum.-fall.
odoratum (Muhl.) Petrak. Stem 3-10 dm. tall, tomentulose: leaf-
blades oblaneeolate, 1 or 2-pinnatifid: outer braets of the involuere lanceolate,
Ld -tipped, the inner bracts 25-35 mm. long: corollas E 40-50
long.— (PASTURE-THISTLE. )—Pastures, fields, and low unds, vario
om N of Coastal Plain, N. C. to Pa. and Me. uo fall.
C. virginianum (L.) Michx. Stem 5-11 dm. tall, e leaf-blades
linear to linear-elliptic, or spatulate at ps base of the stem, spiny-toothed:
outer ies of the alginate with slender tips nearly as ae as the body, the
inner bracts 12-14 mm. long: ars lilae to rosy- Purple, E 19 mm. long.—
Woods d thiekets, Fla. to Miss. Ky., and Va.—Spr.-
C. revolutum Small. Stem 5-20 dm. tall, floccose: leaves rigid; blades
thick, revolute, rigidly spine-armed, densely white-woolly or bir ip e
outer braets of the involuere short-tipped, the inner braets 12—20 long,
narrowly linear: corollas lilac to rosy- Purple, 20—25 mm. long bay Picea
Coastal Plain, Fla. to N. C—Sum.—fal
8. C. flaccidum Small. Stem 7-16 dm. tall, floccose: leaves pliable; ici
thin, flat, weakly spine-armed, thinly gray ^to mentose- ipe) beneath: ou
braets of the involucre with slender tips nearly as long as nore the inner
bracts long-tipped, 12—16 mm. long: corollas lilac to oe ae 19-21 mn
long.—Woods and banks, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Ga. to Tex. au
Mo.—Late spr.-sum.
CARDUACEAE 1483
9. C. Nuttallii (DC.) A. Gray. Stem 9-40 dm. tall, early glabrate: blades of
the basal and the c cauline nee n ie elliptic- -spatulate, 2-pinnatifid:
outer bracts of lg nvo ped. short-tipped, inner bracts abruptly short-
tipped, 15-20 m iene orollas lilac to de) VA 20-25 mm. long.—Dry
soil, Coastal Plain, Fla. to "Miss. and S. C.— —Spr.-fall or all year S.
10. hi altissimum (L.) Spr eng. Stem 9-30 dm. tall, downy: blades of the
basal or lower cauline vais Ain or broadest above or below the d
sues white-tomentose ben : dod braets = the involucre with tips abou
¥4 as long as the body, the inner SM 8—30 mm. long: corollas purple to Ee
37—40 mm. long.— (ROADSIDE-THIS B —Thickets and fields, various provinces,
Fla. to Tex., Minn, and Mass.—Sum.-fall.
e e peer iu Spreng. Similar to C. altissimum in habit, but seldom
20 dm l: leaf- S P AE to ov ate- lanceolate,
anes white. eee ben r bracts the E with tips a about
8s long as the body, the inner adds 25-28 mm. long: corollas, lilac to purple,
28-30 m ng.—( FIELD- a ee es and joa dsides: various provinces,
rarely Coastal ‘Plain, Ga. to Miss., Mo., Ont., and N. B.—Sum.-fal
12. C. lanceolatum (L.) pw sd A dm. tall, a pas
crowded; blades lanceolate, 1 or 2 pinnatifid, grayish- woolly beneath:
bracts of the involucre d narrow med into slender tips, the inner ee
very dead Ae eed and attenuate: corollas, brilliant violet, 32-35 mm. long.
B
— (COMMON-THISTLE. L-THISTLE. )—Fields, pe and ro adsides, vari-
ous provinces, "Ga. to Nebr., Calif., , Minn., and Newf.; mostly a weed.
Nat. of Eu.—Sum.-fall.
13. C. vittatum Small. Stem 2-7 dm. tall, thinly pubescent: leaf-margins
undulate or d with mostly ascen ding s spines: inner braets of the in-
voluere 30—35 1 m. long: eorollas yellow or eream, about 30 mm. long: anthers
much longer than the filaments.—Everglades and low pinelands, Everglade
Keys, Fla.—Spr.-sum.
14. C. Smalli Britton. Stem 4-9 dm. tall, ene dps leaf-segments
r bra 25—
with the terminal spines directed forward: of the involuere
30 mm uud a yellow or m m, 30- dn dbi pr about as long
as the filam [C. pinetor m Small not Greenm ra MEE and sand-
dunes, Coastal Plain; Fla. to S. ‘C— (W. I.)—Wint.-late spr.
9. C. horridulum Michx. Stem 3—40 dm. tall, woolly: leaf- CUN with
eae spines: inner bracts of the involucre 40-45 mm. long: corollas 40-43
mm. long, edit (or purple in C. horridulum Add anthers oa cece
than the filaments. [Carduus spinosissimus Walt.]—(YELLOW-THISTLE. )—Low
grounds, eee and pastures, Coastal Plain ond adj. provinces, Fla. to ui
and Me.—Spr.-sum.—Often a
. ONOPORDUM [Vaill.] L. Annual or biennial, caulescent, coarse
hei, the stems and branehes winged. Leaves alternate: blades sinuate or
ge
priekle-armed, decurrent. Heads erect, many-flowered. Inv olucre
ovoid, globular, or depressed: bracts numerous, narrow, spine-tipped. Recepta-
honeycombed. Flowers numerous, all alike, perfect, tubular. DEN S
o with a slender tube and a shorter campanulate throat: lobes linear or
1484 CARDUACEAE
nearly so. Anthers e at the bas
with subulate appendages. Achene xs
ward. panne of eapil-
lary-attenuate scabrous or barbellate bristles
which are united at the base and deciduous
al together.—About 12 species, natives of
the Old World.
i = ap pe L. Stem 2 m. tall or less,
vings spiny margined: leaf-
Due PE elliptic, lanceolate, or
e mostly 1-3 dm. long, oe copiously
spine-armed: involucre 3—4 em. in diam
bra ce numerous, linear- a. firm, E
inner m. long, the outer pote and re ei: corollas d Or purplish:
eens narrowly obovoid, 4—5 mm. long, transversely wrinkled and ribbed.—
(COTTON-THISTLE. Scorer ard que waste- dd and fields, vari-
N
ous provinces, Ala. to Ont. and N. Sum
at. of Eurasia.
126. MARIANA [Vail.] Hil. Annual or biennial, tall, thistle-like
herbs, the stem not winged. Leaves alterna lades sinuate-lobed i
natifid, prickle-armed, not decurrent. S ieee: many-flowered, not radiate.
Involucre ipe ais ed-globose: braets conspieuous, spiny-ciliate, with broad bases
spreading or reflexed spine-armed tips. Receptacle flattish, dens wed
sar ee all alike, perfect, tubular. Corollas elongate, with a very
slender tube and a short campanulate throat: lobes linear. Anthers d:
sagittate at the base, with lanceolate a J
api
which are united at the base and deciduous
all together from the ring-like top of the
achene.—One spec
Mariana (L.) Hil. Stem 1.5 m. tall
t
ns, those of the basal leaves with stout
petiole-like bases, those of the cauline auricu-
C
A)
A
ARD
g
o Sa.
S re DANS "
7 "e
+
i
Hf;
t
^p
i A
x i
IN f ;
AN j D
RH
^u H
s ind Es ipi e ostly dm. long: involuere
stly 4—6 em. in diameter; bracts with sub-
orbicular, men or elliptie bodies id T as long or de tips: corolla
purple or pu rplish, mostly 5-3 ong: achene mo oblique,
d,
S
ellipsoid- -obovoid, 5.5-6.5 mm. long, Eds TP blunt Dio ubernce within
the ring-like top.—(MILK- pude ial —Roadsides and waste-places, Dine in
various provinces, “Ala. to Ont.; ; also on Pacific Coast. Nat. of Eu.—Spr.-
127. CENTAUREA L. Annual (ours), or perennial herbs.
alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Heads relatively smal
luere with irregularly to
Leaves
l. Inyo-
othed or fimbrillate outer bracts, tae intermediate ones,
at least, often armed with spines. Anthers sagittate he base, with appen-
dages at least % as long as the sacs. Achenes n, or 4-angled. Pappus
CARDUACEAE 1485
of scales or bristles in several series, or obsolete.—About 350 species, mostly
natives of the Old World.—Sum.—S'TAR-THISTLES.
eor i stem and branches winged. oo,
ste oolly: spines of the involucre yellowish. 1. C. solstitialis.
Em: pluie: of the involucre purplish. 2. C. melitensis.
Corollas purple: em and branches wingle SS. 3. C. Calcitrapa.
l. C. solstitialis L. Stem 3-6 dm. tall, woolly: blades of the stem-leaves
elliptic. lanceolate or d entire or merely toothed: involueres ovoid or sub-
globose, about 1.5 em. long; bracts various,
the intermediate ones with long, sle pe er,
ye loy Is nee yellow.— (BAR
BY"S-THISTLE.)—Was te-places, fields, ud
roadsides, various dc Fla. to " Calif.,
Ia., Ont., and Mass. Nat. of Eu.
2. C. m Per: L. Stem 1 m. tall or less,
huno par! Side 14 Vd ee leaf-
of
——
ee
Lu.
=
- pu pef
SS
Pon
L ne
prickles: a yellow.—Vari prov-
inces, Ga. to , N. Mex., Calif., Mo., and Mass. Nat. of Eu.
3. C. Calcitrapa L. Stem 3-4 dm. tall: blades of the stem- Ed 1—2-pin-
nudi corollas purple.—Waste- tae various provinces, Ala. to N. C. and
Mass.; also on Pacific Coast. Nat. of Eu.
Centaurea Cyanus L. An annual, native of Europe, with white- floccose foliage,
narrow entire leaves, white, pink, blue, or purple heads, and spineless involueral
braets, has eseaped from cultivation in the eastern United States. It is known
as s CORN- -FLOWER, BLUEBOTTLE, BACHELOR’S-BUTTON, or RAGGED-ROBIN.
NICUS L. Annual, caulescent, widely branched herbs. Leaves
ores blades sinuate-pinnatifid and spiny-margined or merely spiny-pin-
natifid, veiny. Heads erect, many-flowered, sessile. Involuere ov oid, leafy-
involuerate: bracts narrow, rigid, some of them pectinate-spiny near the tip,
appressed. Receptacle with ronal bristles. Flowers various, the marginal
ones sterile, the central fruit-producing. Corollas elongate, with a slender tube
nd a shorter cylindric- aod ED oat:
lobes narrow, unequal. Anthers minutely
tailed at the base, with er a appen-
dages. Achene stout, oblique, many striate-
ribbed, with a scalloped crown. Pappus
ouble, the outer row of long slender-sub-
ulate bristles, the inner of short-subulate
bristles.—One species.
1. C. benedictus L. Stem usually less than
1
late, the upper ones somewhat clasping: in-
voluere 1.5-2 em. in diameter; larger bracts
1486 CICHORIACEAE
pi EE. with db dd E tips: corollas mainly yellow: achene neariy
cylindric, 7-9 mm. long, any prominent ribs, thus E teeth as P
crown delto id: "5 onger 2 As s-bristles exceedin ng the achene.—( BLE
THISTLE. — e-places, eens and fields, various ee Ga. Pun
and N. Nat. of Eu. r.—
29. CHAPTALIA Vent. Perennial, scapose, small herbs, woolly
throughout. iiis alternate, all basal: blades undulate to lyrate-pinnatifid.
eads nodding, at least when young, solitary. Involucre mostly narrow:
bracts herbaceous, ultimately reflexed. Flowers white, sometimes purple-
stained without. Marginal corollas ligulate. Anthers long-tailed at the base:
appendages lanceolate. Achene mostly beaked or narrowed at the apex.—
About 25 species, natives of warm-temperate and tropical Ameriea.—SUN-
BONNETS.
Involuere becoming 1-1.5 em. long: achene narrowed into a short neck; only the
1
pistillate perfect. . C. tomentosa.
m. becoming 2 cm. long: achene with a beak fully as long
s the body ; all perfect. 2. C. dentata.
1. C. tomentosa Vent. Leaves in rosettes; blades elliptic to dd d
4—10 em. long, EN entire or remotely dentieulate, green and glabrou
above, pud white tomentose ath:
scapes tall, sometimes tufted, sim-
ple: inv ural bracts da to linear, the
inner becoming 10- . long: ligules of
the ray-flowers a SUE white or
ivory within, 7-10 mm. long: a achene of the
i ae at
each eo
tre yrsanthema a eile (Walt.
Kuntze. ]-—Moist cade Coastal Plain,
Fla. to Tex. and N. C.
2. C. dentata (L.) Cass. Leaves spread-
n eid pie to x eds 3—11
. lon dc undulate or denticulate,
bro
ea ace ose above or glabr
age, lanate- accede: beneath: ee slender, p dm. tall, floccose: involu-
ere lanate, pd inner bracts becoming 18-21 long, narrowly linear: inner
rolla 2 7-8 mm. lon ng: achene E the bo ag 3.5-4.5 mm. long, the beak as
IR ng or longer t y the body. [any rsanthema dentata (L.) Kuntze.]—Pine-
lands, Peed: Keys, Fla.—(W 15 —Spr.
Famity 3. CICHORIACEAE — Cuicory FAMILY
Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, or partially woody plants.
Leaves c blades entire, toothed, or parted. Flowers perfect, all
alike, borne in heads. Corolla ligulate, the l-sided limb mostly 5-lobed at
the apex. Stigmas unappendaged. Achene smooth, papillose, murieu-
late, or spiny.—About 70 genera and 1,500 species, of wide geographie
distribution.
Pappus wanting or obsolete. 1. SERINEA.
Pappus presen
Pappus of plu umose bristle
Receptacle not chaffy: ‘lant eee 2. TRAGOPOGON.
O aa chaffy: plant sca 3. HYPOCHAERIS.
CICHORIACEAE 1487
PODES not plum
Pappus consisting, at least in part, of scales which
sometimes are ce into a crown
In onere single: pappus | E both scales and
ristles: corolla ye
Pappus of 5 broad Seale and 5-10 bristles:
plant annual. 4, KRIGIA.
xi ds of 10-15 minute narrow scales and
10—15 bristles or more: plant perennial. 5. CXNTHIA.
muvee ade p appui crown-like, of numer-
n20 ore series: corolla blue. 6. CICHORIUM.
Paunus- consisting. of capillary bristles, not plumose.
Ache ar flattened, cylindric or prismatic.
e not beake d.
Coroll a rose or purplish.
Achene tapering to the apex: plant
with Ted like stems and narrow
leaf-bla 7. LYGODESMIA.
Achene ‘tapers ng to the base: plant
wit ane-like stems and broad leaf-
blades. 8. NABALUS.
Corolla yellow, cream-colored, or white.
Ligules cream-colored. 8. NABALUS.
Lisules ru
Pap awny, or white in H.
argyraeum : leaf-blades not pin-
natifid. 9. HIERACIUM.
Pappus white: leaf-blades pin-
natifid. 10. CREPIS.
Achene beaked at the apex, d "duum long and
slender or short and st
aee EA least the ma pul ones slen-
er
Achene ai merely nerved or ribbed.
Bracts of the n involucre ap-
pressed: pa white: ue
Aa E a ur ed bas 10. CREPIS.
DM sordid : achene attached
a disk-like base n SITILIAS. l
Achene EE ond spinulose. . LEONTODO
Achenes with short stout beaks. ix HRACHUREL DEUS
Achene flattened.
Achene narrowed at the apex or beaked.
Achene thin, prolonged into a slender,
often filiform beak. 14. LACTUCA.
chene thickish, narrowed at the apex,
ut not beaked. 15. MULGEDIUM.
Achene truncate at the apex. 16. SONCHUS
1. SERINEA Raf. Annual, pale, tender, caulescent herbs. Leaves
often numerous: blades narrow, entire, repand, or lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads
long-peduneled, small (1-1.5 em. broad).
Involuere campanulate: bracts rather broad,
ribbed, erect at maturity. Corollas yellow
Achene obovoid, 8—10-ribbed. Pappus —
ing obsolete.—' Three. species, North
Eo» ERN
EE
American.
1. S. oppositifolia (Raf.) Kuntze. Stem
9-30 em. tall, slender, sometimes sparingly
glandular- 2e leaf-blades spatulate
to linear s em. long, ed bcne
e often toot
Be m "with petiole- like e T
the upper entire and sessile: bract s of
the involuere ovate to lanceolate, becoming
4-5 mm. long: achene 1.5 m ong, ear pen! ribbed.—Moist soil, fields,
—spr.
and waste-places, various ee Fla. to Tex., Kans., and S.
1488 CICHORIACEAE
2. TRAGOPOGON [Tourn.] L. Biennial or perennial erect caulescent,
rather coarse herbs. Leaf-blades narrow, long-attenuate, often sheathing at
the base. Heads erect. Involucres relatively narrow: bracts elongate, often
surpassing the disk. Achene terete or 5-angle , the inner at least slender-
beaked.—About 35 species, natives of the Old Worl d.
Bracts of the involucre surpassing the ligules: corollas'purple. 1. T. porrifolius.
Bracts 2 the involucre as long as the ligules or shorter : corollas
yello 2. T. pratensis.
1. T. porrifolius L. Stem 4-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades elasping or sheathing
at the base: curs E ici dun upward: bracts of the involucre
2. T. pr ratensis L. Similar to T. porrifolius
in habit: e abruptly thickened under
the head: bracts of the involucre lanceolate,
25-3 m. lon achene stout-fusiform,
1.5-2 em. long, the beak shorter than the
body.—(GoAT'S-BEARD.)—Fi and waste-
P various provinces, Ga. to Ont. Nat.
of E
| 8. HYPOCHAERIS L. Perennial or rarely annual, scapose herbs, the
seapes-often minutely scaly. Le af-blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Heads
showy, erect, long-peduncled. Involueres cylindric to campan nulate: bracts in
several unequal series, the outer ones very small, the inner ones with dorsal
crests near the apex. Corollas yellow. Stigmas slender, filiform or short.
Achenes, the inner ones, at least, slender-beaked. Pappus ee bristles
plumose.—About 50 species, Eurasian and South American.—Cat RS.
Achenes uniform, all beaked : corollas much exceeding the pisci 1. H. radicata.
Achenes of 2 kinds, the outer beakless, the inner beaked : rollas
slightly exceeding the involucre. . H. glabra.
1. H. radicata L. Plant perennial, 2-6 dm. tall: leaves mostly 4-17 cm. long,
a blades spatulate in o outline, pe toothed or ages heads 2.5—4
wide: ollas with very narrow ligules
E fusiform, the bodies 3-3.5 m m. long, i
spinulose, those of the inner ones at least
eaks.—W aste-
2. H. glabra L. ce Lage 2-5 dm
tall: leaves rm 6—14 cm. lon ng, glabrous
or nearly so; blades SUD ial to linear-
Debes achenes various, the inner fusiform
CICHORIACEAE 1489
with bodies 3—4 mm. long and nad beaks, the outer about 3 mm. ong; beak-
less.—Roadsides, lawns, and grassy places, various provinces, N Fla. to Ohio
and Me. Nat. of Eu.—Spr. -f all
4. KRIGIA Schreb. Annual herbs. Leaves mainly basal: blades nar-
row, toothed or pinnatifid. Heads a -peduncled. Involucre narrow
Cor
5. CYNTHIA D. Don. Perennial herbs. Leaves mainly basal: blades
narrow or broad, entire, repand, or pinnatifid. Heads long-pedun vo-
lucre stout: bracts narrow, reflexed at maturity. Corollas Ei Ec
of
Achene not broadened upward. Pappus 10-15 minute scales and as many
or more numerous barbellate bristles.—F'our species, North American.
ened upward. Pappus o of 5 seales abeut 15
as long as the achene and also of 5 or 10
barbellate bristles.—One species.
K. virginica (L.) Willd. Plant 0.3-4
dim. tall: ed [unn spatula ate to nearly
linear, 2-12 em. long: involueres e less
than 7 m mm. D ales 6-7 m ong:
achenes fully 1.5 mm. long, finely sibbed
Di a carolinianus (Walt.) B e ]
—(DWARF-DANDELION.) — Open ei one
and oe various provinces, Fla. T Tex ex.,
Ont., and Me. —Spr.
Plant caulescent, the roots not tuber- bearing: pappus-scales not attenuate? heads
many.
Pappus-seales very short: stem erect, sparingly leafy: leaves
with dila ted ‘bla des 1. C. virginica.
PADDOR BY EIE: pde P1 e length of the achene : stem decumbent
eclining, v : leaves with narrow blades. 2. C. montana.
Plant PET the p tuber-bearing: pappus- -scales attenu-
ate: heads solitary. 3. C. Dandelion.
1. C. virginica (L.) D. Don. Stem 1-7 dm. tall: leaf-blades spatulate,
elliptic, or oval, not elongate, entire or repand or slightly lyrate-pinnatifid:
coarsely ribbe d.—Mo ist banks and m mea dow ws,
ario
to Kans., Man., and Mass.—Spr.—fal
2. C. montana (Michx.) Standley. Stem
1—4 dm. tall, branched, diffuse at maturity:
lcaf blades linear to linear- 'spatulate, elon-
gate, entire or irregularly pinnatifid: pedun
cles usually solitary: achene d broad-
est above the middle, 2.5-3 mm. long, l4
long as the pappus- ‘bristles: Pappus
scales about !4 as ne.—
Cliffs and rocky opes in eon pu soil,
Blue Ridge, Ga. Tenn. and N. C—
Sum.—fa
3. C. Dandelion (L.) DC. Scape 0.5-5 dm. tall, simple: leaf-blades spatu-
late to linear-oblong or linear, 5-15 cm. long, entire, repand, or irregularly
94
1490 CICHORIACEAE
p head solitary: achene slightly broadest above the middle, nearly. 2.5
ong, about 15 = E as the pappus-bristles: pappus-scales 14-36 as long as
the ac v a oist or dry soil, often in woods, various provinees, Fla. to Tex.
Kans., and N. J b e sum
6. CICHORIUM. [Tourn.] L. Perennial rigid herbs. Leaf-blades
toothed or pinnatifid, or erisped. Heads sessile or nearly so. Involuere firm
or rigid: outer braets spreading, the inner
erect. Achene 5-ribbed or 5-angled. Pap-
pus of 2 or 3 rows of seales.—About 8
species, in the Old World.—CHICORIES.
SUCCORIES.
1. C.Intybus L. Tap-root elongate, tough.
Stem 3-15 dm. tall, rigidly wide-branched:
blades of the stem-leaves oblong to lanceo-
late, pinnatifid, toothed, or entire: involu- ,
er 0-12 mm. long; bracts lanceolate to
linear, iil outer glandular-eilia Il
sky-blue white: ligules 10-20 mm. lon
achene 2.2. 5 mm. long.—(COMMON-CHICORY.
BLUE-SAILORS. )— Fields, fence-rows, and A E provinees, Fla. to
Tex., Calif., Wash., Ont., and N. S. Nat. of Eu.—(W. I.)—Sum.-fall.
7. LYGODESMIA D. Don. Annual or perennial taulescent herbs or
id woody plants, the stems rush-like. Leaf-blades Rar entire or re-
ely, eod -toothed, or ike.
Bor erect. volucre uude une
not SP ce 6 species, North
American.
1. L. aphylla (Nutt.) DC. Stem erect or
are ng, 3-8 dm. tall, solitary or tufted
by t |
1 ly
rose- Spi Or ee white, 1.5-2 em. long,
toothed at the apex: achene narrow, 10-13 mm. long, nearly as long as the
white pappus.—(FLOWERING-STRAWS. ROSE-RUSH.)—Dry pinelands and scrub,
Coastal Plain, | Fla. and Ga.—Spr.-fall.
8. NABALUS Cass. Perennial caulescent herbs. Deaf blades toothed,
lobed, Los or divided. Heads nodding. Involucre cylindric or nearly
so: m braets nearly A in length. Achene brace to columnar.—
About 25 species, American and Asiatic.
WHITE-LETTUCES. LION’S-FOOT. Diu SPIRI.
Heads 8-18-flowered, in thyrsoid or virgate racemiform panicles,
Achene minutely, sometimes I eure striate and also sometimes x M. s PUEDE
involucre glabrous or nearly s
CICHORIACEAE 1491
chene 5-15-nerved and sometimes angled by 4 or 5 of the
stronger nerves: involucre copiously poe II. RACEMOSI.
Heads 20-35-flowered, in corymb-like panicles III. CREPIDINEI.
I. ALB
eads 5-7-flowered : involucre slender, less "m 3 mm. thick ;
pura light-green: pappus stramineous. 1. N. altissimus.
Heads Kad flowered : involucre stout, over 3 mm. thick, deep-
n, gla aucous, or purple
Pappus deep cinnamon-color ed. 2. N. albus.
Pappus stramineous or light. bro
Leaf-blades merely toothed o enews ine
lower leaf-blades elliptic to oval, not cordate. 3. N. integrifolius.
Larger bracts of the outer involucre ovate: lower
leaf-blades pee oe cordate. 4. N. roanensis,
Leaf-blades, at least some of them, pinnatifid, lobed, or
divided.
Inflorescence paniculate
Pa nicle broadened upw vard: bracts of the in-
volu S
late: p oS exceeding the inner involu-
eral bra 5. N. serpentarius.
Larger bracts of the outer involucre ee m
triangular-ovate: pappus and inn
volucral bracts about equal. 6. N. trifoliatus.
Panicle cylindric: bracts of the involucre spar-
ingly hairy.. T. N. cylindricus.
Inflorescence racemiform. 8. N. virgatus
II. Rac
Leaf-blades entire or rather finely pee Soa of the
inflorescence very short Bud close together. 9. N. asper.
III. CREP
Leaf-blades finely or coarsely NS or pe pu aches of the
inflorescence elongate and distan 10. N. crepidineus.
N. a s (L) H Stem 9-21 dm. tall, glabrous, glaucous: leaf-
adc denticulate, or lobed o a divided and with denticulate or lobed divisions:
involucres les than ick, the outer
bracts of the o deitoid to e 1-2
mm. long, the inner ones 9-10 lon
light-green, glabrous: ligules mon eni ish or
yellowish.—Woods and low thickets, various
Doe el pd Plain, Ga. to Miss. T
Tenn., Man., and New
2. N. albus (L.) Hook. Stem 3-16
m.
tall, glabrous, glaucous: leaf-blades, or the
divisions, coarse ely toothed: outer bracts of
e involuere ovate, ud. long, the in-
ones 10-12 perd dark-green,
a. ligules "dul white or cream-
eolored.—Rich banks, woods, and thickets,
hal tee P Pd Coastal Plain, Ga.
o Tenn., Sask.,
tegrifolius Cas Ste -18 dm. tal, glabrous, at least in age;
wis blades hese oe to pum arr t above or below the middle, finely or
coarsely UT those of the lower jade cuneate to subcordate at the bas
outer bracts of the involucre d hirsute on the back: pappus dirty
brown Woods, various provinces N of Coastal Plain, Ga. to N. Y.
4. N. roanensis Chickering. Stem 3-5 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf-blades
ovate 6 poene denticulate, the basal lobes directed: backwards or sidewards:
1492 CICHORIACEAE
inner Nun of the involucre 8-9 mm. long, sparingly hirsute on the back with
long : pappus dingy straw-colored.—Mt. peaks, Blue Ridge, N. C. and
id
5. N. serpentarius (Pursh) Hook. Stem 3-12 dm. tall, pos larger
leaf-blades Pci lobed: inner bracts of the involuere 9—11 ong, often
ciliate at the tip: pappus straw-colored.— (LION 'S-FOOT. 4 “Fields, woods, and
thickets, ane provinces, Fla. to Miss., Ont., and Mas
liatus Cass. Stem 8-26 dm. tall glabrous: larger leaf-blades
podately 1 lobed: inner bracts of the involucre 9-11 mm. long, wholly glabrous:
pappus light-brown.— (GALL-OF-THE-EARTH. )— "o ods and thickets, various
provinees, rarely Coastal Plain, N. C., and Ten
N. cylindricus Small. Stem 3-9 dm. tall, glabrous: ee leaf- eda
pinnately 3—5-lobed: inner bracts of the involucre 9-10 mm. long, with s
ered hairs on the back: pappus pale-brown.—Mt. slopes, Blue Ridge a foi
lachian Plateau, N. C. to Tenn. and Ky.
N. virgatus (Michx.) DC. Stem 6-12 dm. tall, glabrous: leaf-blades
Dd to db te in outline, pinnatifid, E o toothed: outer
braets of the involuere ciliate, the inner ones ong, glabrous: ligules
us Or pub onse straw- colored min b Up Plain, Fla. to Miss.
and N. J.
9. N. asper (Michx.) T. & G. Stem 9-20 dm. tall, pubescent: leaf- oe
obovate, oblong or ee eR te to coarsely toothed: bracts of the
volucre hirsute, the inner ligules cream-co olored: pappus sordid- n or a
straw-colored.—Dry soil, various Ta La. to Tenn., S. Dak., and Ohio.
10. N. e d DC. Stem 9-21 dm. tall, finely pubescent at
least when young: leaf-blades ovate to pori ie finely or coarsely toothed:
bracts of the oues ruri -hirsute, the inner 9—10 mm. lon : ligules cream-
eolored: pappus dirty-brown.—Rich soil A “thickets, various provinces N o
Coastal Plain, Tenn. to Kans., Minn., and N. Y.
9. HIERACIUM L. Perrennial caulescent or scapose herbs. Leaf-
blades entire or toothed. Heads erect, paniculate or corymbose. Involucres
usually narrow: main bracts unequal in length, often in 2 or 3 series, with a
ealyeulum. Corolla yellow, rarely white or orange. Achenes fusiform or
eolumnar, ribbe Pappus of 1 or 2 series of sordid or brownish HN
bristles, or ay white.—About 300 species, natives of the north temperate
zone and South America.—HAWKWEEDS.
Flowering stem leafy. I. PANICULATA.
Flowering stem leafless.. II. VENOSA.
I. PANICULATA
Achene columnar
Inflorescence more or less elongate, not flat-topped.
Pa
nicle lax: heads few- (10- T flowered. 1. H. paniculatum.
Panicle stiff : heads inn ny- (40-50) flowered. 2. H. scabrum.
Inflorescence corymbifor 3
ea eo 2 40) flowered: peduncles densely
pubes . H. marianum.
Heads iv (10-15) flowered : peduncles glaucous. . H. Scribneri.
Achene fusiform
Inflorescence corymbifor
appus brown.
H. meoo cenh alon:
Pappus white.
3
4
In Ao rescence. ‘elongate, ee o. H. Gronovii.
6.
T. H. argyraeu
CICHORIACEAE 1493
II. VENOSA
Inflorescence- branches glabrous or sparingly pubescent: bracts
of the inv Ene glabrous or with scattered fine short
glandular hai 8. H. venosum.
Inflorescence- ban DES tomentulose and hispid: bracts of the
. involucre tomentulose and also with long black glandular
9. H. Greenii.
. H. A E L. Er ant pale-green or glaucescent, 3-12 dm. tall, the
stem sometimes villous at the base: blades of the cauline leaves elliptic- spatu-
late to elliptic or elliptic -lanceolate, mostly
em. long, othed, g
acute or acu ise E qu peduneles Nob
slender, nearly filiform, usually ay
about =
thickets, various ences Ga. to Ala,
Mich., and N. S.—Sum
2. H. scabrum Michx. Plant pright-green,
3-14 dm. tall the stem pubescent through-
out: blades of the cauline jen es Re
to elliptic, oval, or ovate, 3-16 long,
entire or repand-denticulate, pubescens. ob-
tuse or acutish, the upper ones sessile:
eae rather stout, copiously Sameera pubescent: inner eds of the
7-9 mm. long, glan ndular-pubes achene 2-2.5 m ong. doe ds
uod. B ier roadsides, erus provinees, Ga. ^ Miss. Kans.,
Mian and N. S.—Sum.-fall.
3. H. marianum Willd. Plant bright-green, 3-8 dm. tall, the stem glabro
or softly hi is near the Mes basal leaves often persistent; ; blades spa ani
to obovate, mostly 10-15 cm. long, with more or less shaggy-pubescent petiole-
like bases: cauline leaves Hole blades obovate, oblanceolate, or elliptie, entire
or repand-dentieulate, obtuse or abruptly po ointed, E ile: peduneles usually
nid white- fomentalo ose and also glandular-pubes : inner bracts of the in-
'oluere 7-9 mm. long, sparingly glandular- pubescen is achene 2.5-3 mm. long,
Or Ru nir — Woods, clearings, and banks, various AA Fla. to Miss.,
Ohio, and N. H.—
H. Scribneri Small. Epod glaucous, 3-8 dm. tall, the stem glabrous or
hirsutulous at the more or less purple- eae d , basal leaves often persis-
tent; blades spatulate to elliptic, a cm. long, w p aps Epid
like bases: cauline leaves few; blades ‘oblanceolate elliptic, lane , OT
linear-lanceolate, a or repand- -denticulate, acuminate o row pes
-9 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly glandular pubescent: achene 2--2.5
ng or rarely larger.—Rocky slopes, wooded hillsides, E bluffs, Blue
Ridge to Interior Low Plateaus, Ga. to Ala. and Ind.—Sum
5. H. Gronovii L. Plant 2—12 dm. tall, very varie in habit, e
the stem pubescent on the lower part s or near t zc base: basal leaves sometim
oe Aen a to spatulate, 3— 16 c long, sparingly shaggy- ube.
cent at the edges or sometimes a oe ee ‘pubes scent: cauline leaves few
to many; ladies ae obovate, elliptic, | or ovate, mostly sessile or clasp-
ing: peduncles glandular- pubescent: inner bracts of the involuere 6-7 mm
1494 CICHORIACEAE
long, glandular- ddp x 3— - 5 mm. aom cs * woods, p hill-
sides, and pinelands, ous provinees, Fla Ont., and Mass.—Sum.-
fall.—The plant with road ba a T ree extending ee to the
base of the PEDE from Florida, has Don described as H. floridanum.
6. H. megacephalon Nash. Plant 2-7 dm. tall, the stem hirsute, sometimes
sparingly so, throughout: tae odis persistent; blades spatulate d D ate,
b
4-17 em. long, more or less shaggy-pubescent: cauline leaves fev lades
spatulate dd ate, d or wi olate: peduncles finely Dub and
glandular er bra of the involucre 9-11 mm. long, glandular-pubescent:
achene 4.5- 55 mm. s —Pinelands, pen. Fla. and Coastal Plain of Ga.—All
H. argyraeum Small Plant 1.5-5 dm. tall, the stem more or less hirsute
d glandular above: basal leaves persistent; blades spatulate, obovate, or
ic, 2-13 em. lo
elliptic, 2—13 . long, more or less shaggy-pubescent: cauline leaves few ;
blades ee obovate, elliptic, or E or peduncles closely glandular
pubescent and finely tomentulose: inner bracts of the involucre 8-10 mm. long,
bu. Sube. sometimes aco pA so: aehene 4—4.5 mm. long.—Ham-
mocks and open pinelands, Fla.—All
. H. venosum L. Plant 2-6.5 dm. tall, the stem (scape) usually glabrous
and purple-tinged: basal leaves persistent; blades obovate to spatulate, 3-15
m. long, undulate or repand-dentieulate usually pale-green and purple- -veined,
glabrous or pubes
sometime rple beneath, glab cent near the se: ped es
glabrous or spar d cae p inner bracts of the involucre 6-7
jong : achen RATTLESNAKE-WEED. PoOR-ROBIN’S
ong.—
ANTAIN.)—Dry icd shaded ns and p often in acid soil, various
dorsum Ga. to Nebr., Mass., and Me.—Sum
9. Greenii Porter & Britton. Plant 3-9 dm. tall the stem (scape)
i oue or finely pubescent, often only in = basal leaves persistent;
ndulate E 'ha
e, 0
haggy-pubescent, especially near the margins pet at the pss bright green:
a s finely white a and E pubescent: inner bracts of
the involuere 8-11 mm. long: achenes 3-3. . long.—Dry woods and open
slopes, Blue Ridge a more N provinces, A on Ala., Ohio, and Pa.—Spr.
10. CREPIS L. Annual or biennial herbs, resembling Hieracium, with
glabrous or sparingly pubescent foliage. Leaves alternate: blades mostly re-
and or pinnatifid. Heads few—many- doneréd, paniculate or corymbose. In-
volueres narrow: bracts usually in a single row or in several rows. Corollas
yellow. Achene narrow. Pappus of white soft hairs.—About 200 species,
natives of the Northern Hemisphere.
Involucre 6-8 mm. high: achenes fusiform, beakless.
Leaf-blades uncia DINAR atifid : invo olucre 6—8 mm. high: achene
2.5—3 mm. lon . C. tectorum.
pe pend ly rate- pinnatifid : involucre 3.5—4.5 mm. high : achene
1.5-2 mm. lon 2. C. japonica.
Involucre 9 "12 inm. high: achene slender-fusiform, beaked, the
marginal ones filiform-beaked. 3. C. foctida.
1. C. tectorum L. Plant usually branched at the base, 2-4 dm. tall, spar-
ingly baten leaf-blades elliptie, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate in outline,
-—
CICHORIACEAE 1495
runcinate-pinnatifid, sually sagittate-
auriculate at the base: Sale 6-8 mm.
high; braets hirsute-hispid, acute: achene
| fusiform , 4.5-3 mm. long, ri ribbed.— —( HAWKS-
RD. \—Roadsides and fields, various prov-
co N. C. to Nebr. and Ont. Nat. of Eu
—Fall.
2. C. japonica (L.) Benth. Plant 1-6 dm
tall: stem simple below or branched at the
eat finely nd near the base, glabrous
r nearly s o abov and} n the very slenderly
p nched inflor ih cence: leaves mainly or
wholly basal; eges T pinnatifid,
mostly 5—15 em. long, petioled: involueres
3.5—4.5 mm. high; bracts "nain ate, gla-
brous: achene fusiform, 1.5-2 mm. long, ribbed m uum waste- places and
meadows, S La. Nat. of Japan.— (W. I.)—A yea
3. C. foetida L. ns 3—5 dm. tall, simple below or branched di the base, n
bescent: leaf-blades mostly oblan ceolate in outline, runcinate-pinnatifid o
of them coarsely us thed, those of the stem with dilated fringed. toothed
bases: involucres 9-12 mm. hi gh; ce racts acuminate, loosely hirsute: achenes
various, and inner ones ice beaked, the marginal ones with filiform beaks as
long as ‘the bust —Roadsides, fields, and dunes, coastwise islands of NE Fla.
and Ga. f Eu.—Spr.-fal
11. SITILIAS Raf. Biennial or perennial caulescent or seapose herbs.
Leaf-blades irregularly toothed, pinnatifid, or sometimes entire. Heads erect.
Involucre ovoid to campanulate: bracts in 2 unequal series, inner ones abruptly
keeled near the apex. NEM yellow or whitish. Achene with an ellipsoid
body. Pappus double, the outer a short.—Six species, North American.—
Spr.—fall.—FALSE-DANDELIONS.
Bracts of the outer 2 fully 1/3 to over 1/2 as long or inner: heads
uly 2.5 em. long at maturity. S. caroliniana.
Bracts of the outer involueres less than 1/3 as long as the
j *: heads 2 em. long at maturity or shorter. 2. S. multicaulis.
S. caroliniana (Walt.) R Stems erect, 1-1.5 dm. tall, usually branched:
pes der blades more or cone dE pinnatifi, sometimes merely denticu-
late or arly entire, aad oe
ee poe 12- ao ong ; inner ISSN
bracts narrowly linear; outer bracts nar- Se (A
rower, fully 14 to over l5 as long as the Bi =<
a _Tigules eae achene-body about 5 977/71 Ne
mm. long, ribbed, ees e [Pyr- ARA
"opos prs pe (Walt.) DC.]—Dry į
soil, roadsides, waste- places and pin d 4
pem ie Fla. to Tex. Kans., an nd
Del.—Spr.-fall.—A. Du with pale com
colored ligules, tipped with rose, and
u in |
ecu
Ala. This may prove, upon ene eae
gation to bos a " distinct species.
2. S. multicaulis (DC.) Greene. Stems solitary or tufted, ascending or spread-
ing, 1-4 dm. long, more or less branched: leaves mainly bas al, 5-15 em. long:
1496 CICHORIACEAE
blades pinnate or irregularly pinnatifid, the segments entire or toothed; buda
leaves narrower, deeply pinnatifid or ee toothe d; involucres 1-1.5 c
long; inner bracts narrowly linea ar, acute; outer bra ear-su Pape A p?
nearly 14 as long as the inner bracts: ligules bright-yellow. 1.5-2 long:
achene-body 3.5-4 mm. long, r reddish, transversely wrinkled —Dry soil, hillsides,
prairies, woods, cus E tch-banks, various provinces, N Fla. to Tex. and A
(Mex.)—Spr. and s
12. LEONTODON L. Perennial low caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades
sinuate-toothed or runcinate-pinnatifid, or rarely entire. Heads solitary. In-
voluere thick, scaly. Achene not much flattened. Pappus persistent. [Zaraz-
acum Ludwig.]—About 30' species, in the Northern Hemisphere and South
Ameriea.—Spr.-fall..—DANDELIONS. BLOW-BALLS.
Inner involucral bracts unappendaged: achene brown or olive-green.
1. L. Taracacum.
Inner involucral bracts appendaged at the tip: achene red
or red-brown. 2. L. erythrospermum.
L. Taraxacum L. Leaf- blades d or coarsely pinnatifid, often lyrate,
the lobes broad: nn haer. m. wide, the ligules orange-yellow: involucral
acts green, t ong, reflex a
br
achene-body Te Boe near the top:
pappas ie um Taraxacum S
arst.]— open grounds, ast
places and. E E U. S. and S.
Can
erythrospermum (Andr z.) Eiehw
eroe pinnatifid or pate divided,
runcinate, the lobes narrow: heads 2-3 em
wide, the ligules light-yellow: involueral
braets pc, the outer ones short,
RAP spreading: acne ene -body
harply a near the apex: pappus
dirty. -white—Fields, lawns, and waste-
places, various provinces 'N of Coastal
Plain, N. C. to Tenn., Alb., and Me. Nat. of Eu.
3. BRAC HUS DC. Annual, coarse herbs with branching
stems. Leaves mainly basal or on the lower part of the stem. Leaf-blades
sagittate-clasping, mostly pinnatifid
lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads erect. MCA
0
haps a few other species, tropiea
1. B. intybaceus (Jaeq.) D Stem 3-15
dm. tall, glabrous: leaf- [Ados B teu
those of the er leaves 1 g,
edges or lobes spiny-toothed: heads solitary
at the nodes, on slender sealy sta bra
t involuer id M scarious-
margined, the outer ova er linear
th , the
lanceolate: corollas a or ochrolene id
aehene somewhat fusiform, abou
CICHORIACEAE | 1497
ong: pappus ee e )— Roadsides, cult. AP and
vase pace S Fla. Nat. of Trop. Am.—(W. I. Mex , €. A, S. A.)—Al
year
14. LACTUCA L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, the stems
Pi Leaf "blades dc paa broad, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, some-
spiny-m erect. Involueres cylindric to ovoid. chene
Farbe: erc nyo 75 species, in the Northern Hemisphere.—
Sum.—fall.—-LETTUCES. WOOD-LETTUCES. WILD-LETTUCES.
Leaf-blades spiny-toothed and often spiny along the midrib beneath: corollas yellow.
Involucres 6-12-flowered.
Leaf-blades sinuately spiny-denticulate. 1. L. virosa.
Leaf-blades deeply pinnatifid. 2. L. Scariola.
Involucres 12-20-flowered.
Involucres over 1.5 cm. high: beak fully as long as the
body of the achene.
Involueres less than 1.5 cm. high: beak shorter than the
he achene.
Leaf-blades without spines on the margins or midribs.
Leaf-blades entire or merely toothed.
Leaf-blades, pr od id some of them, pinnatifid.
Leaves glabro
Leaves Bireute, at least their midribs.
Lower leaf-blades n Ye beak of achene fully
as long as the
ae leaf-blades Wueually both entire and pinnatifid :
ea
. ludoviciana.
3
4. L.sagittifolia.
4. L.sagittifolia.
5
. canadensis.
hirsuta.
chene much shorter than the body. . graminifolia.
aL. Stem hirsute below, 6-20 dm. tall: leaf-blades oblanceolate
l. L.
to olio, merely s glaucous: inner bracts of the involucre 12-15
mm wly corollas
outer
11- is) E id E eue body gradu
i ved a the apex. —Fields,
and roadsides, various provinces, Ga. E
Tenn., Kans., and N. Y. Nat. of Eu.
ario pir Stem nearly or quite gla-
Noc leaf- blades oblong to
in outline, pinnatifid, irs
ner Bue of the proc 8-1
o Miss, Mo., and Vt. Nat
puis ee DC. Stem 4-15 dm. tall, glabrous: leaves hori-
m Ae ades ong, sinuate-lobed or pin nnat tifa: involucres 16-20 mm.
e inner us e lanceolate: ligules yellow: achene-body 4—4.5 mm.
long. dee soil, ghee on wooded banks, various provinces, Tenn. to Tex., N.
Dak., Minn., and A
L. A eie Ell. Stem 9-30 dm. tall, glabrous: o m ps stem-
leaves 8-30 c i A ct dentate: involuere s 10-20 m ong, the inner
bracts narrowly lin rly so: ligules hee or EE achene-body
5-3 mm. long, lo onger ia the be ee soil, ee woods, and shaded
banks, various provinces, Ga. to Nebr., and
L. canadensis L. Stem 9-30 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades of
ae i eet 10-30 em. long, sinuate- -pinnatifid: involueres 10—12 mm. long,
1498 CICHORIACEAE
inner ones gera oris Er md Bo een -body 3—4 mm. long,
ae t as long as the beak.— (WILD Hor EED.) —Rich soil, fence-
nn thickets, and his Woods, various pores Ga. to La., Colo, B. C.,
Ont., and N. S.—(W. I.)
6. L. hirsuta per Stem 6-12 dm. tall, ee hirsute: blades of the
stem-leaves 9-20 cm. long, sinuate- -pinnatifid, not elongate: involucres 12-15
mm. long, the nos braets linear: ligules purplish a to white: achene-
body about 4 mm. long, much shorter than the beak.—Dry soil, various prov-
inces, Ala. to Tex., Ont., and Que
7. L. graminifolia Michx. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, glabrous: blades of the s
c. m 40 em. long, eae or with = Gavi s or deflexed lobes, i
ongate: involueres 12-15 mm. long, t er ones linear-anceolate:
dnd. e -blue, or n white or bee tiene -body 4—4.5 . long.
—Fields and woods, Coastal Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to Tex. por S. C.
15. MULGEDIUM Cass. Herbs resembling Lactuca in habit. Achene
thick, beakless. About 25 species, Eurasian and North American.—Sum.-fall.
—LETTUCES. BLUE-LETTUCES.
Pappus bright-white: blades of the stem-leaves neither auriculate nor clasping.
Leaf-blades toothed: pees ey not narrowed into a neck. 1. M. villosum.
Leaf-blades pinnatifid : ac e-body narrowed into a slender
2. M. floridanum.
Pappus Brown : blades of the stem-leaves auriculate and clasp-
ing. - 3. M. spicatum.
1. M. villosum (J acq.) Small. Stem 9-20 dm. tall: blades of the stem-
elis irregularly dentate, 8-20 cm. long: inner bracts of the involucre linear-
lanceolate: ligules blue: eee e 4.5-5.5 mm.
Dus .— Borders of woods, open woods, and
thickets, various provinces, Fla. to La.,
Nebr., and N. Y.
oridanum (L.) DC. Stem 10-30
pinnatifid, 2-45 cm. long: inner bracts o
the involucre linear: ligules blue: achene
6—7 mm. long.—Rich s thiekets, and
banks, various provinces, Fla. to Tex.,
Nebr. and N. Y.—(W. 1j
3. M. n icatum (Lam.) Small. Stem 9-35
dm. tall: blades of the ups pes Or
2:0) (merely denticulate in M. spica
tum integrifolium): ligules E yellowish or bluish: achene 4—5 mm. long.
—Low grounds, thickets, and open woods, various provinces, rarely Coastal
Plain, N. C. to Colo., Man., “and New
16. SONCHUS [Tourn.] L. Annual or perennial, tall caulescent herbs.
Leaf-blades iple toothed, or pinnatifid, sometimes spiny margined.
l sub
Heads
erect. Involucres ovoid or globose pon flattened. Pappus deciduous.
—AÀbout 45 species, natives of the Old World.—Spr.-fall.—SOw-THISTLES.
Leaf-auricles rounded: achenes smooth and 3-ribbed. 1. S. asper.
Leaf-auricles acute: achenes transverse-wrinkled and striate. 2. S. oleraceus.
n —— —— a a a aaa o a mM CC ^-DOO?OAR—————À— —ÓÀ—ÓÁ————————— À——Àá
CICHORIACEAE 1499
. S.asper (L.) All. Stem 2-15 dm. tall: leaf-blades with rigid-tipped teeth:
achene 2-2.5 mm. long, margined, ribbed and smooth.—Waste-places, fields,
and roadsides, vr ge U. S. and S Can.
Nat. of Eu.—(WW. I y: C5 uds dS. 4:)
S. oleraceus L. Stem 1-18 dm. tall:
le af-blades more divided than in S. iid
with soft-tipped teeth: achene 2.5-3
O se
d pu NS. d waste-places,
and fields, various provinces, U. S. and S
Can. Nat. of Eu.—(W. 1. Mez., C. A.,
S. A.)
Scolymus maculatus L., an annual, spin
armed herb, with pinnately lobed eae
each lobe term inating in a long spine, the
stem with pi oad spine- nem wings, the
involuere not spiny, bracts thin, herbaceous, flowers yellow; ius inclosed | by
the chaff, has been found on ballast on the seacoast of N. C. Nat. of E
APPENDIX
This appendix contains E of additional plants found within the
region covered by this work during the several years the book has been in
press, and Mm ons.
Page 300, after O. puberula, insert:
ns thinnish, green and Bin ing on both sides; AA and ee 1.5-2 em ie
eapsule oval- .eliptie to oval- DES 1.5-1.8 m c medi pinelands, Coastal
Plain, N. m to N. J.—Differ 1 m 0. puberula in the smooth or nearly smooth
stem- -angle the uniformly gre ee Br leaf- blades, "the ‘smaller flowers and
the dum and relatively a capsules
Page 375, at bottom of page add:
Petals very much shorter than the sepals: sepals with elongate
involute tips : ie wer (and eapsule) long- stalked : lip over twice
as long as wi 1. J. verticillata
Petals as long d the sepals or slightly shorter: sepals without
involute tips: e oe capsule) short-stalked: lip less than
twice as long as wi 2. I. affinis
Page 376, after Isotria verticillata add:
2. I. affinis (Austin) Rydb. Plant similar to I. verticillata in habi
seapes 1-2.5 dm. tall: blades of the whorled braets es to elliptic n a em. un
flowers d su. lateral sepals greenish-yellow, narrowly spat late, 1-2 em.
long, without long tips: petals broadly spatu ulate or ober i: ng as the
ee. or somewhat shorter: lip white with green crest, obovate- A 11-13
ong, less than twice as long as wide when spread out, with scattered desk
"m end of the ien Lr ii c De fabellate ; capsu ule 2-3 em. long,
stont ‘stalked. [Pogo affinis Aust.|—-Woods, various provinces, N. C. 6 Pa.,
, and Me.—Spr Spend in iN. C. in B summer of 1933.
Page 389, after Pleurothallis gelida, insert:
36a. LEPANTHES Sw. Epiphytie dwarf caulescent herbs. Stems clustered,
3
bears a leaf-blade. Leaves solitary on a stem: blade broad, margined,
coriaceous, sessile, minutely 3-toothed at the apex. Racemes axillary, solitary or
sometimes clustered, slender-peduncled. Flowers few or several, minute, usually
approximate, 2-ranked. epals spreading or erect, broad, nearly equal, the
lateral more or jon united. Petals minute, with the short claw adnate to the
base of the column, the limb rend wider than long. Lip often slightly RE
than the petals, adnate at the base or above the base to the column, en
lobed, with the two lobes erect, ud el to s column, with the edges Pre
and embracing the column. Column short. ncn terminal. Pollinia pyriform
Capsule, oval, ovoid, Mus or obovoid.—About 50 species, in continental ane
insular tropical America.—Differs from Sdn in having the claws of the
petals and De lip ue to a column.—The description and drawing made
partly from Jamaican specimen
APPENDIX 1501
l. L. Harrisii Fawcett and Rendle. Stems 3-4.5 em. tall, simple, several usually
together. Leaf- os E iguous, funnelform, oblique, brown-hirtellous on the
ridges and on the mouth: leaf-bla de elli iptic
ov
ark erimson-purple: sepals about ? mm.
long, the median one narrowly oval, 2
lateral 15 united, Med E l-veined: ds
elliptie, 0.5-0.7 long, rounded at the
apex: lip cos m. is little over 1
mm. long, 3-veined: column about 0.5 mm
aes
long: eapsule ellipsoid or aa 3-4 mm. long,
6-ribbed.—On pos Big iia Swamp,
Fla.—( W. I.)—Win
Page 396, after Macradenia lutescens, insert:
49a. MAXILLARIA R. & P. Epiphytic herbs with more or less clustered
e branches, the pseudobulbs sometimes poorly developed, each bearing
ne leaf eaves coriaceous, 2-ranked, erect. Scapes (peduncles) arising at the
bc of the de d or in the axils of the leaves, solitary, with sheathing
bracts, 1-flowered. Flowers large or medium. Sepals narrow, nearly equal, dis-
mo
Lip concave, erect at the apex of the column-foot, the claw very short, or want-
ing, the lateral lobes shallow, erect, the terminal lobe ovate or elliptic-ovate,
spreading. Column with a short foot, often slightly incurved, semiterete, no
winged. Anther terminal. Pollinia 4, unappendaged. sule ovoid, ellipsoid,
or obovoid, erect, ean — .—About 240 species, in cus ntal and insular
tropical America.—Differs from Macradenia in havin pollinia, instead o
the solitary nee ee at the base of the plant, and the slightly lobed us
1. M. iei bait 2 hio cett and Rendle. Stem very short, the branches usually
clustered o pse iios rs a ae elongate, flattened, each
Leaves bas
cept the one on the a ex of the psendobulb)
d bad d, the outer ones seale-like
ner one 1-3 dm. Du with blades cone ale
eate a sheating at the thickened base, linear,
ree at the apex: flowers few, clustered i in
s or three’s, from the axils of each leaf,
ne a very short: pedicels about as
long as the peduncle, with one sheathing |
braet: perianth mainly pale-yellow: Pin
coriaceous, ton se NUR em. Els
1-1.5 em. rd with a strong mide acute:
o lon ith 6 ribs
and dad s.—On mob) "Big Gore Swamp, Fla CES I., Mex., C. A., A.)
—Spr.-sum.
1502 APPENDIX
Page 430, after Quercus coccinea, insert:
3 Q. Nuttalii E. J. Palmer. Tree becoming 22 m. tall with a narrow
pyramidal erown, the bark gray or n eolored and smooth or dark brownish-
gray and eu fissured on old trunks: leaf-blades obovate or e uem in out-
, 8-16 c ong, gla d except tufted vein-axils beneath, pinnately 5-7-
led, b Tes - iur e body or shorter, all bristle- “tipped, f the terminal
one a ns i uo or hee short-sta Ike ; cup hem dde above the
stout ‘stipe e a E te, 2-2.5 em. wide; nut ovoid or cylindric-ovoid, 20—
28 m s g to i included in the cup —Alluvial eA mostly Coastal
Plain, Miss. to E. Tex., to Ark. and Mo. (?)
Page 608, after Spiraea alba, insert:
2a. S. prunifolia S. & Z. Shrub, with slender ora ms pus finely
ea twigs: leaf- blades elliptie or ae va ak ng to o , 1-2.5 em. long,
obtuse or acute, more or less pubescen and s metimes reing s ae very
short- -petioled: hypanthium broadly mu oe ss than 1 high: petals
white, about 3 mm. long: follicles oblong, 3-3 5m m. long. To aa ae
Roadsides and ps abandoned gardens, js Droviness N. C. to Mass. Nat.
5p —Differs from S. alba in the elliptic, oval or ovate leaf-blades,
ne orescence which has sessile aoe scattered along the old wood of
the dd pers lets.
od 608, after uni corymbosa, add:
-2 m. tall with finely pubescent twigs: leaf-
te: peta
rose- Pre. suborbieular, 1.5-2 mm. long, or rarely longer: follieles gan
about 3 mm. long, gla abrous Do hillsides, and roadsides, various provin
Ga. to Pa., and Con Nat e Asia.—Sum.—Differs from S. corymbosa in
the rn leaf- blades and m pink or rose- -colored eA
Page 816, in place of the description of Ilex Amelanchier as it now stands,
insert:
14. I. Amelanchier M. A. Curtis. Shrub or small tree with more or less
persistent pubescent foliage: leaf-blades elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 4-8
uminate, in ic i
g, e or short-acu t conspicuously serrate, finely reticulate
above, o n beneath, acute or rounded at a
broad: eorolla mm. d lobo 1—10 in diameter, red.—
Swamps aad ae stream-banks, Coastal Plain, "Ga. and S. C—Spr.—This more
complete EE is = ree e that on page 816, where the word petioles is
omitted before **6—10 m aes and to give measurements of the flowers which
have only iud. been e
| Pages.1166 and 1167, under Conradina in place of C. montana Small, read
C. verticillata Jennison, in both key and i
LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES PUBLISHED IN
THIS MANUAL?*
Sagittaria ornithorhyncha P e Fayetteville, N. C., Biltmore Herba-
rium, No. 5236 D, i in he . Y. B.
ose "e ( Planch.) Beall Paa densa Plane
ype
s Winkeleri Britton & e Ty ype, “Humbug Prairie, Dade Co., Fla.,
Small & Poem No. is ,in herb. N. Y. B.
Cyperus Deeringianns Bri & Small. Type ; Arch — Prairie, Dade Co.,
Fla., Small, Mosier, a pui No. 6789, in herb. N. Y. B.
Cyperus Mul (Chapm.) Small. Cyperus eae multiflorus Chapm,
Eleocharis carolina Small. Type, South Carolina, M. A. Curtis, in her
So Curtisii Small. Ty ype, Wilmington, N. C., M. A. Curtis, in ee.
U.
Ry coe ar mene pu Type, ae DeLand and New Smyrna, Fla.,
N. Y. B. G.
app n herb.
Rynchospora e (Chapm.) ted Rynchospora glomerata leptocarpa
apm.
Ry nehospora Harperi Small. Type, 3 m. sw. of Hawkinsville, Ga., Harper, No.
n herb. N. Y. B. G.
Ry nehospor P es d & Small. Type, w. of Punta Gorda, Fla., Small,
No. 10,9 herb.
Rynchospora Biisonian Britton. Type Everglades, w. of Miami, Fla., Small,
. 8835, in herb. N. Y. E
tynehospora saxicola small Type, Little Stone Mountain, Ga., Harper, No.
B. G.
n her
SCR Brittonii Core. Scleria pauciflora glabra Chapm.
Carex pu Mackenzie. Type, Morley, Tenn. John Bright, May 18,
19 1 herb. ?
Commelina Gigas Small. Type, e. shore of Lake Okeechobee, Fla., Small, No.
8247, in herb. N. ;
Tillandsia koed Small. Type, along Manatee River, Fla., Garber, June,
U.
nh
Tillandsia myriopiylia AE Type, s. of Brooksville, Fla., Small & Alexander,
May 1: n herb
Xeniatrum E Michx. ) ‘Small. Dracaena umbellulatum Michx.
To uu s Small (tortus, twisting, and pes, foot, referring to the twisted flower-
Tortipe amplexifolius (L.) Small. Uvularia amplexifolia L.
Tanne candida (Lindl.) Small. Amaryllis candida Lindl.
Hymenoeallis oa Small. Hymenocallis caribaea Chapm., not Hert
cue a Small. Type, Mareo Island, Fla., Small, May, 1920, in
b.
ibm. diis Kimbaliiae Small. Type, Apalachicola, Fla., Kimball, May, 1921,
in herb. N. Y. .
ITymenoez lis tridentata Small. Type, Vero, Fla., Small, Dec., 1920, in herb.
N. B.
Hymenocallis bidentata ~ Type, St. Bernard, Ala., Bede Knapke, Oct.,
1920, erb.
Hymenocallis oaa Small. Type, near Carbur, Fla., Small, May 6, 1925, in
herb. N. Y. B. G.
his list C. U.- Columbia University and N. Y. B. G.- New York
Botanical Garden
1504 LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES
Habenella odontopetala (Reichenb. f.) Small Habenaria odontopetala
Reichenb.
Spathiger stroboliferus (Reichenb. f.) Small. Epidendrum stroboliferum
Reichenb, f.
S ADS Miss anie (Ait.) Small. Ma d conopseum
Mieropiper leptostaehyon (Nutt.) Small. Piper leptostachyon Sum
Micropiper hunde ( Vahl) Small. Piperomia dons i.
mall. Peperomia, subgenus AUO AE i ha LU
Rhynchophorum obtusifolium (L.) Small. Piper obtusifo Kia .
Rhynehophorum floridanum Small. Piperomia floridana Sm
eee gaa eae a Small. Piperomia a Small.
all. Type, Shell- E 5 m. s. of Daytona, Fla., Small,
—-
ow
—
a
~
~
A
—
[e]
>
—
i=
=
=
mm
~~
>
Hieoria austrina
"rit >
m, & A a eden No. 9191, in herb, N. Y. B.
Salix Ch: ona Small. Type, Middle Fla., Chapman, in herb, U.
Parietaria nummularia Small. "Type, Sanford, Fla., Rapp, Apr 11, 1929, in
herb. N. B. G.
A niveum (L.) Small. Urtica nivea L.
sella e (L.) Small. Rumer Acetosella L.
Delopy ae filiforme Small. Type, near Douglas, Fla., Harper, No. 2010, in
herb. . B.
Delopyrum pus ulatum (L.) Small. Polygonum articulatu
Persicaria mississippiensis (Sanford) Small. Polygonum eU San-
'ord.
poen paludicola Small. ir: i rey, "ues eara to Camp Long-
, Fla., Small, Carter, and Small, . 3494, in herb.
G: nord Small. (Gaster, belly, and an uela: eae te the swollen base
of the flower. )
Gastronyehia pun Te on Re Eo iila idi leid ur
Odo itonychia inter mg the Suwanee Rive f Old Town,
Fla., Small, Small, ay per Re No, n 65, in herb. "Y.
co cum Beach, Fla., Small, Small, & DeWinkeler,
N. G.
T orrubia globosa Small.
No ), in herb.
C MUR md (DC.) BP p oS virginica media DC.
Sabularia uniflora (Walt.) Small. Stellaria m Walt.
Sabularia groenl: a (Retz.) Small. Ste i A EA Retz.
Sabularia brevifolia (Nutt.) Small. Arenaria brevifolia Nu
ibularia glabra (Michx.) Small. Arenaria glabra Michx
Sabularia ¢ ede ana (Walt.) Small. Arenaria carolina "Walt.
MISES Ww PA Small. Type, Devil's Puneh Bowl, w. of Brooksville, F "la.,
mall, No. 337; for fr. A hammock, s. of Brooksville, Fla.,
Small No. ne in herb. N. Y. B.
n e pot ‘Harbison. T Garden City, Ala., Biltmore herb., No.
15 1 herb. N. Y.
Viorna Tei dim Type, Guahes Mt., Ga., Small, Sept. 1-3, 1894, in herb.
N. B.
Pityotianms Small, (alts, pine, and Qáuvvz, shrub, referring to the habitat
thes
Pityothamnas reticulatus (Chapm.) Small. Asimina Nie Chapm.
Pityothamnus i us (Bartr.) Small. Anona incana Ba
Pityothamnus angustifolius (A. und. Small. Asimina ndo A. Gray.
Pitvothamnus T ygma s (Bartr.) Small. Anona pygmaea Bartr.
Pityothamnus tramerus Small. Asimina tetramera Small.
Pityoth: nnus shat (Willd.) Sm: = os obovata Willd.
Neoeleome new, and €
oc, e.)
Neocleome spinosa (L.) Small. Cleome pic L.
Neocleome ener ioe pons Cleome serrata Jacq.
SE vigilim ntis Small. ds , Lookout Mountain, near Rising Fawn, Ga.,
ss, No. 6798, in herb. . Y. B. G.
LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES 1505
uud d Meere ci Small. e UE (Pine) Key | Fla., for
all E Wilson, No. 1778; fr., Small & € art , No. 2975, in herb.
Vachellia. enun Alexander. ype, "e. H Ad. Pei Fourche near Cut-off,
aa., for fls., Small & Alex: T Apr. 16 3l; ^ fr., Small, Aug., 1931,
both in he rb. in N. Y.
Vachellia insularis Small. lone big Pine Key, Fla., for fls., Small & oe
No. 6018; for fr., Small, nee & Small, No. 3549, in il rb. N. Y. B.
Adipera corymbosa (Lai un.) Small. Cassia corymbosa La
Chamaesenna didymobotrya (Forsk. ) Small. Cassia didymovotr ya Forsk.
Crotalaria L inaria Small. Type, Big Pine Key, Fla., Small & Mosier, No. 6034,
in herb Y. B.G.
ae a pros strata _ Type, for fls., Redlands district, Dade Co. 5
Small, No r fr., near a Palm, Dade Co., Fla., Small, a
& Small, No. pre in herb. . B.
Sty _ calcicola Small. a Rose- Costello hammock, Dade Co., Fla
os & Small, No. 6539, in herb. N. Y. B. G.
eon Spina ; (Blake) Small. Polygala grandiflora leiodes Blake.
(W
Mi
Asemeia grandiflora alt.) Small. Polygala grandiflora Walt,
Asemeia cumulicola Small. Polygala cumulicola Sma
Asemeia miamensis Small olygal nensis Small.
Polygala aboriginum Small. Type, dunes s. of Coronado, Fla., Small, Mosier,
and Matthaus, May 24, 2 in herb x. Y. B. G.
Pilostaxis arenicola Small. olygala uo Small.
Pilostaxis lutea (L.) Small. ES la lu
Pilostaxis Rugelii (Shuttl.) Small. [o p En geli Shuttl.
Pilostaxis ramosa PX d Polygala ramos EL
Pilostaxis cymosa (Walt.) Sma Polygala um alt.
P ue Baldwini (Nutt.) md Polyg s Twin Nutt.
"ülostaxis Carteri Small. Polygala Carte ri,
C lamaesse cumulieola Small. Type veta bus Tek ind, Fla., Small. No. 10490,
1 herb. N. Y.
Chamaesyce Moseri Small. Type, Papa pU hammock, Dade Co., Fla.,
mall & Mosie , No. 6347, in herb. Y. B.
Chamaesyee eee Small. Type, ice em Miami, Fla., Small, No.
56.
ETEN floridanus (C hapm. ) Small. Euphorbia floridana C o
Galarrhoeus inundatus (Torr.) Small. Eup Pd inundata Tor
Galarrhoeus telephio des (Chapm.) Small. Euphorbia tele aie pum
Galarrhoeus Darlingtonii (A. Gray) Small. piens Darlingtonii A. Gray.
Galarrhoeus austrinus Small. Tithymalus aus dM Small.
ee ae trichotomus (H.B.K.) Small. Euphorbia erode H.B.K.
o d ies igram (Michx. f.) rer pion nigrum Michx.
Argentacer Small. (argentum, silver, and acer, i.e., a med
Argen us bodas (L.) Small. y» saccharinu | L.
Rite: Small. (rufus, red, and acer, i.e., red- ae)
Rufacer ee (L.) Small. Acer rubru
is d carolinianum (Walt.) Small. s carolinianum Walt.
Cardiospermum keyense Small. Type, Key Largo, Fla., Small, Mosier, & De-
keler, No. 10952, in herb. N. Y. B. G.
meus Edisonianum. Small. Type, twenty-one m. e. of Arcadia, Fla., Hand,
N
—
o. 118, in herb. Y. B. G. f
Lechea prismatica Sa Type, scrub, e. of Sebring, Fla., Small, No. 9787, in
. B. G.
herb.
Lechea exserta Small. c w. of Halendale, Fla., Small, DeWinkeler, & Small,
No. 11089, in herb. . B.G.
De myriophylla el De d e. of Sebring, Fla., Small & De-
inkeler, Dee. 13, 1920, in herb. N. Y. B. G.
95
1506 LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES
Viola rugosa Small. Type, Telogia, Fla., Small, Apr., 1927, in herl . Y. B.
Opuntia atrocapensis s Small. Type, dunes, Cape Sable (E. ue. EXE No
25, 1916, Yerb. N.
PERSE polycarpa $ Small. Type, Caxambas Island, Fla., Small, May 11, 1922,
. G.
er
punt aes Smali. Type, A 5 m. s. of Daytona, Fla., Small, Small,
& DeWi X.
nkeler, Aug. 23, 192 1 herb. N. i
Opuntia Sane d Small. Type, beach, opp. Lemon "oity, Fla., Small, Small,
& Carter, No. 970, in herb. N. Y. B.
pns tenuiflora Small. Type, Bu V itae Key, Fla. Small, Mar. 30, 1916,
1 herb. . B. G.
Opuntia turbinata Small. Type, St. Scorge Island, Fla., Small, Aug. 22, 1922,
. B. G.
er
Opuntia magnifica Small. Ty Pe, s. end of Ee dp Fla., Small, Small,
nd DeWinkeler, Aug. 21, 1922, in herb. G.
Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis (Willd. ) Small. Lee eee Willd.
Eugen nther aall. Type, for fls., near Roseland, Fla., Charles A. Mosier,
rer 928; for fr., near Roseland, Fla., Small, Dec. 27, 1927, in herb.
N G
Mosiera Small. (In honor of Charles A. Mosier.)
Mosiera longipes (Be rg) Small. sie fae longipes s Berg.
Modes bahamensis api rsk.) Sm Eugenia bahamensis Kiear
Isnardia media Sma Alexander, p ype, between Homestead in ‘Gross Key,
Fla. Sn all & Carter, No. 2626, in herb. N. Y. x.
Ludwigia spathulitolia Small. Type, Everglades, NW. of Perrine, Fla., Small
& Carter, No. 2990, in her
N.Y.
ds neglecta Small, Type, xu Escambia River, near Pensacola, Fla.,
Small, Aug., 1930, in herb. N.
Proserpinaca BB LouR- (Fernald), Small. Proserpinaca palustris amblygona
nald.
Eryngium i vedere Small. Type, about Lake Nancesowee, Fla., Small &
i ,1 in herb. N. Y. B.
Sium lord ei Ty pe, Swamps of the Chipola River, Fla., Chapman, in
ae ‘latifolia Small. Type, near Bristol, Fla., Curtiss, Aug. 28, in herb.
e B. G.
cachaea tomentosa pine Gaylussacia tomentosa Small.
Derachaena nana (A. Gray) yos Gaylussacia fro irn nana A. Gray.
Decachaena baccata (W wi mall. Andromeda baccata Wan
De erbe , ursina (M. A. Curtis) Small. Vaccnnum ursinum M.
Lasiocoecus Sm all. ese, hairy, and xokkoc, berry, e ea B dhe duy
D aa dumosus (Andr.) Small. Vaccinium dumosum Andr.
Lasioeoeeus Mosieri Small. eae Mosieri Small.
Lasioeoeeus orocola Small. e, near Flat Rock, N. C., Biltmore Herbarium,
No. d in herb. N. m [4
a Sm (D iminutive of B xus.)
Buxella brat n. ( Miehx.) Small. Vaccinium brachycerum Michx.
Polycodium macilentum Small. Type, Vaughns Mill, Ala., Earle, No. 1632, in
in herb. N.
Cyanoe occ us My eite (Lam. ) Small. Vaccinium Myrsinites Lam.
erb. N. Y.
Poly sodium lepiosepalum Small. Type, French Camp, Miss., Ida M. Clute, No.
. B. G.
Cya coccus fuscatus at t.) Small. Vaccinium de ih EN
Cy: anocoecus tenellns (ait) Small. Vaccinium M
Cyanococcus Elliottii Sree ) eae Vaccin m Elliott Crap.
Cy anoeoceus amoenus (Ait.) S Vaccinium amo
Cyanoeoccus virgatus (Ait.) Small. Vaccinium alu "ait
LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES 1507
Cyanoeoceus atrococcus (A. Gray) Small. Vaccinium corymbosum atrococcum
4 ray.
Cyanococeus simulatus Small. Vaccinium simulatum Small.
Cy cre Cuthbertii Small. Type, Augusta, Ga., Cuthbert, No. 259, in herb.
N. Y.
Ge "holophyllus Small. Ty pe, a fls., Sandhills, e. of Sebring, Fla.
Small, DeWinkeler, & wd No. ; for fr., Lake Jackson, Fla., Small,
Mosier, & DeWinkeler, No. 10861, in he rb. N. Y. B. G.
Cyanococcus Margarettae Wer Small. Vaccinium Margarettae Ashe.
Cyanocoecus pallidus
Cy anocoeeus liparus Small. Type, Bull Pasture Mtn., Va., Ry dber rg, No. 9007
aeons tallapusae Coville. Type, or fls., near Tallapoosa, Ga., Ge eorge E.
Murr ill, Nat. He i No. 1,582,192; for fr. one m. east of Tallapoosa, Ga., G.
chulze, No. 691.
NER S Sibeorðatus Small. Type, Knoxville, Tenn., Ruth, No. 445, in
herb. N.
Pad
~
A
bm
=
£2
pai
+
E
C
3.
R
E
~
~
&
ze
3
be
Cyanococcus uo (Buckl.) Small. Vaccinium hirsutum Buckl.
Herpothamaus MM (‘épxyc, spreads, and 6áuvoc, shrub, referring to the
ilin ng st
m MM e eras AAT Se ) Small. Vaccinium Leila Andr.
Bumelia lacuum Small. i da ma dunes, n. of Kul Fla., Small, &
cil Wink No. 9 for Nep tw een, E Park "and ebring, Fla.,
all, Small and D aa E. N 10666 erb. N. Y. B.
Amarolea, Small. (Amarus, bitter, and olea, olive, E to the bitter olive-
: it.)
Amaroten megacarpa Small. Type, for fis, te fr., near Lake Annie, Fla.,
& Matthaus, No. 11612, in herb. . B. iu
Panties capitata ( Raf.) Small. Pleienta dat af.
Acerates deltieola Small. Type New Orleans, La., Ingalls in 1834, in herb.
Biventraria Small. (Bis, two, and venter, belly, referring to the inflated hoods
1e flower
Binns variegata (L.) Small. Ase yn ae Cu a L.
Oxypteryx Curtissii (A. Gray) Small. Ase by ie A. Gray.
; iode all. » a8.)
Asclepiodella Feayi (Chapm.) Small. posce A Feayi Chapm
1l
a aur (KóxAoc, circle, and ’odovc, tooth, referring to the toothed
flower.
R o (Vail) Small. Vincetoxicum alabamense Vail.
Odea ti a Alexander. (odo, tooth, and ovéóavoz, crown, referring to
the thed erown of the flower
Odontostephana decipiens Alexander. Vincetoxicum carolinense Authors, not
Cynanchum carolinense Jacq.
Oden A ana carolinensis (Jaeq.) Alexander. Cynanchum carolinense Jacq.
Odontostephana e n Teen der. Cynanchum obliquum Jacq.
Mar es Shor Gray) Alexander. Gonolobus obliquus Shortii A.
ay.
Odontostephana Baldwiniana (Sweet) Alexander. Gonolobus Baldwinianum
oden on op Dane flavidula (Chapm. ) nis xander. pA an flavidulus Chapm.
Odontostephana floridana (V: nder. cen floridanum Vail.
d Small. (In honor of eae Wes Edis
Edisonia pubiflora (Deene.) Small. Chthamalia mont Decr
dvolvulus maeile ntus Small. Type, Big Pine Key, Ga. Small, No. 3195, in herb.
N.
Strophocaulos Sal). (otpopń, twist, and xavAóz, stem, referring to the twin-
ms.
Bip canlo arvensis (L.) Small. Convolvulus arvensis L.
1508 LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES
Decemium appendiculatum (Michx.) Small. Hydrophyllum appendiculatum
Michx
Sok er perplexum Small. Type, near Thomasville, Ga., Small, May 28—June
n herb. C.
ee Sm: all. IS many, and zxovz, foot, referring to the many-flow-
ered cymes
Myriopus volubilus M ) Small. Tournefortia volubilis
Myriopus poliochrus (Spreng.) Small. Tournefortia a poliochrus ppm
Stvlodon d olinensis (Walt.) A Verbena carolinensis Wal
G te maritima Small. Verbena maritima Small
indularia Doubt: M Pus ia Verben a Lambertii Sims.
n ndn aria canadensis ( ll. Verbena Codd
Glandularia Dri moa a ie Verbena Drummondii Lindl.
Glandularia tampensis (Nash) Small. erbena tampensis Nash.
Glandularia tenuisecta (Briq.) Small. Yee na tenuisecta Briq.
Glandularia peruviana (L.) Small. Erinus perwv
a tie Ea Alexander. "Type, Augusta, Ga. Cuthbert, May 26, 1900,
rb. Y. B. G.
Scutellaria al eee Alexander. Type, Attalla, Ala., Eggert, June 30, 1897,
B.
Dri acoce pha lum. Jeptophyllum Small. Physostegia M dA A E Small.
oniciformis Small. Physostegia veroniciformis Small.
Koellia panc duo eme Type, Albany, Ga., Small, July 9—12, 1895, in herb.
Trai Small & Pennell (Anagr am of Gratiola.
Tragiola pilosa (Michx.) Small & Pennell. Grati iola pilosa Micl
Tragiola pilosa m (P i W & Pennell. Gratiola pilosa iooi Pennell.
Penstemon Brittonorum Peni ype, White Pe Mou Va., Britton,
Britton, & Vail, June 22, b in 2 b. N. Y. B. i
Penstemon brevisepalus Pennell. Type, Crossv s. Tenn. F. W. Pennell, No.
11311, May 1923, in herb. Acad. Nat. eu
Buchnera brevi Pennell cu Hn Isl: ur la., S. M. Tracy, No. 7605,
May 22, 1901, in herb.
Calpidisea Standley: ae a EU near Ft. Myers, Fla., J. P. Standley,
. 406, n herb. N. Y.
dd Sinall. ( Rota, wheel, and anthus, flower, referring to the rotate
corolla.)
mist ADR (S. Wats.) Small. d mu S. Wats.
Rotantha Robinsiae Sm Es Campanula Robinsiae Sma
I&uhnia Mosier, Small. le pus n “hammock, um Co., Fla., Small,
Mos & Small, No d rb. . B. G.
Laciniaria a Sho rtii Alexander. Type Duc Short, 1842, in herb. :
Laciniaria Traeyi Alexander. Type, Gateswood, Ala., Tracy, No. P8558, in
4,
herb.
Lacimiaria, Ruthii Alexander. Type, Hiawassee Valley, e. Tenn., Ruth, No. 54,
n her
Ges subulata Small. Type, between Avon Park and Sebring, Fla.,
Small, 11495.
C Dine arenieola Alexander. Type, Hartsville, S. C., Coker, Oct. 9, 1909, in
herb. N. Y. B.
c ssepe jlanuginosa Small. Type, Lynn Haven, Fla., A. H. Van Cleve, Dec.
n herb. N. x B. G.
( cus horidana Sma Type, an F 1a. Tracy, No. 7344.
Pityopsis flex ant Nash) ‘Small. Chr IS opsie fez osa Nash.
Pitvopsis Tr MO "Small. Chr La cod Tra Sn nll.
Pitvopsis microcephala Small. Chr one microcephala Small.
Pityopsis _ Sm - Chrysopsis Ruthii Small.
Pityopsis aspera Sm sopsis aspera Small.
Pityopsis oligantha (Chapin y Small. Chrysopsis oligantha Chapm.
LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES 1509
Solidago Milleriana i dd Solidago pace Authors, not A
Solidago ae rperi Mackenzie. x ype, near Grie Cave, Rande ph. Co. Ga.,
Harper, No. 1778, in pe 3.
Solidago SORA Mackenzie. si lidago amplerieaulis T. & G., not Martens.
Soli dago i Macker ize. Typ "Winterville, uv, J. H. Miller, Oct. 20, 1926,
erb. Y.
Solida; es Edisoni: ma S e, Type, hammocks, near Ft. Mead, Fla.
Solidago mirabilis Small. Type, Turnbull hammock, near Titusville, F
Ll
Small.
pe dani. Jacksonianum (Kuntze) Small. Solidago corymbosa Ell
ster georgianus Alexander. Type, Augusta, Ga., Cuthbert, No. 975, in herb.
N. B. G.
Y.
imd ET. e inder. Type, pr: airie, s. of Deep Lake, Fla., Small & Bus-
B.
'ell, De 1925, in herb. N. Y
nm» W AT ies xander ster Gases Walter, not All.
t Smallii Alexander. Type, n P MEA RE and Salola Mountain,
. C., Small & Huger, Octobe n herb. N. Y. B. G.
Aster pinifolius E ades Done doc De oe Fla., Small, No. 7958, in
herb. N. Y. B.
Aster gracilipes ( Sn nd) Alexander. Aster dumosus gracilipes Wiegand.
Aster brachypholis Small. Type, Aspalaga Bluff, E: yan Co., Fla., Small,
DeWin To vo. 11027, in herb. N. Y. B.
Aster pedionomus Alexander. Type, Cheatham Co., Tenn., Eggert, Aug. 19,
1897, in herb. N. Y. B. G
neue Gattingeri Alexander. Type, Tullahoma, Tenn., Gattinger, Aug. 19, in
. U.
m ,hemisplhaerieu: dun Type, Will's Point, Tex., Reverchon, No.
B.
4363, erb.
Aster Mte Nexander, Type, Ocean Springs, Miss., Earle, Sept. 11,
, in herb. N. Y. B. G.
189
Pluchea tenuifolia Small. Type, 5!5 mi Es n. of ene Green on road to Ft.
Mead, Fla., Hand, No. 360, in herb.
Smallanthus Mackenzie. (In honor of las Kee Small) Type, Polymnia
Uvedalia L.
Smallanthus Uvedalia (L.) Mackenzie. s Uvredalia L.
p lapsuum Small. Type, Augusta, Ga. ecd July 17, 1898, in
erb. N. Y. B. G.
BUR orae Small. Type, Wilmington, N. C., Curtis, in herb. C, U.
Silphium d ir nud ll. Type, Cocoa, Ala., Schuchert, Oct. 13, 1896,
in herb. N. B. G.
up um ‘Small, Type, pw Neck, Charleston, S. C., Gibbes &
85
ne 55, in herb. N.
Chrysogonum austen aa En duin Fla., Harper, May 10, 1925,
in herb. N. Y.
Echinacea tennesseensis " (Be idle) Small. Brauneria tennesseensis Beadle.
Pterophy ki helianthoides (Michx.) Alexander. Ver besina helianthoides
Michx.
Pea heterophyllum (Chapm.) Alexander. Actinomeris heterophylla
Chapm
Pterophyton pauciflorum i ) Alexander. ry dde ae Nutt.
Pterophyton aristatum (Ell.) Alexancer. Ve ia. aristata
Ridan panieulatum (Walt.) Small. nee Taan W alt.
TABLES OF
CYCADAL
l. Ga EA
PINALES.
Typhaceae,
Sparganiaceae,
Nats ADALES.
. Zannichelliaceae,
. Zosterae
Cy modoceaceae,
A Naiadaceae,
ALISMALES.
ae. Scheuchzeriaceae,
12. Alismaceae
HYDROC ba Ee
. Elodeae
ydroe o
e,
E raceae,
me CALE 2S
17. Areeae 'eae,
ARALES.
18. Araceae,
19. Lemnaceae,
XYRIDALES,
20. Mayacaceae,
21. a nina
E RD AULALE
. Eri mon iceae,
bon pee
23. Commelin: aceae,
24. Pontederiaceae,
25. Bromeliaceae,
LILIALES.
26. S Me eae,
í June 2a
31. Conv allari: iceae,
32. Aloa
33. Dracaena aceae,
34. Tri
40. Haemodorae 'eae,
THE
Gen.
eo
ORDERS AND FAMILIES
Gen.
m
bo bo
CU r2 M N
bo
Oo =
EE RE er: :
Musaceae,
2» Cannaceae,
43. Alpiniaceae,
44. Marantace eae,
arcu ALE
. Burmanniaceae,
4d. Orchidaceae,
PIPERALES.
4T. Le
48. Pi
us REIR.
9. Casuarinaceae,
JUGLANDALES.
50. Juglandaceae,
u rs
. Lei Ai
ven CALE
52. Mende eae,
SALICALES.
53. NAMENS
FAGAL
Ba “Cor 'ylaceae,
. Betulaceae,
b E
U ric ALE
Ur tiene eae,
58. Cannabinag 'eae,
59. Arto E iceae,
60. Ulmaceae
POLYGONALES
61. Polygonaceae,
aa eal oem
62. Chenopodiaceae,
63. Selerant mde
= Basellace
. An naranthaceae,
75. Caryophyll: iceae,
RANALES.
76. Ceratophyllaceae,
77. d
Ud A rd
9. Magnoliaceae,
80. pe oa:
81. Cabombaceae
e,
bo
DO Ol He Re
PAPAVERA
86
TABLE OF THE ORDER
82. M ee ea cea
83. Nymphaeaceae
84. pud Miis ae,
85. os
; T" ceae,
87. Fumariaceae,
88. Brassicaceae,
za Capparidaceae,
Moringaceae,
S ALES.
91. I
Droseraceae,
92. Dionaeaceae,
93. Sarraceniaceae,
ROSALES.
94. S MM iceae,
da
99. Hy drangenc eae,
100. Itea
101. hoe eae,
102. ‘ree iceae,
103. ingia
104. Grosularine eae,
105. Platan
106. Ca Diu hated
o
A
ai Cassiaceae,
111. Krameriace ie,
112. ien
—
yos
m Oxalidaceae,
118.
119. Zygo 2!
121. Puce
24. B
125. Meliae:
POLYGALALES
126. Folyga alace: te,
JSU PHOR BIA
12 Ev i
128. Callitrichac eae,
APINDALES
; E rlaceae,
bo
ee kD TR DO DD OL WO a
He
DH mH OH WHE EA EO d EO
Sp.
1
[=]
4
1
pad pama
TOR RR Or OF C5 f bo ^O 00
bo
16
4
S AND FAMILIES
133. Aquifoliaceae,
. Celastraceae,
135. Hippoer: tet eae,
136. Dodonae:
40. : apindace: 1e,
ns AMN
141. P rangulace ie,
142. Vit
MALY ws
143. Tiliaceae
o oes aceae,
pune eae,
Boos
146 E
147. Clusiaceae,
52. Turneraceae,
153. Cistaceae,
54. Violaceae,
PASSIFLORALES.
55. Papayaceae
156. T a
Ort
gon
s. Opuntiace ie,
Bo ES.
159. Begoniaceae,
PROTEALES.
160. Proteaceae,
THYMELEALES.
161
. Daphnaceae,
162 pss pend 1e,
163. Laura
164. Dus Clan He.
MYRTAL
165. Melastomace: Le,
166. Lythraceae,
167. Punisaceae,
168. Terminaliaceae,
169. My eae,
170. e were,
. Epilobiaceae,
172. Gunneraceae,
17 4. bip eae,
175. Ammiaceae,
ERIC ALE S
17¢ . Clethrace eae,
TL
178. Pyrolaceae,
179. Ericaceae,
Gen.
m 00r dn He totom
=n
toe SNe Re 1b
E yin
Ar meriaceae,
s Primulaceae,
ea The eophrastacene,
86. ee
E nes AL
87. iF e,
190. S gieneere:
e ;
. Oleace eae,
192. e A
'eae,
196. Force ae,
POLEMONIALE S.
Im"
7. Dichondraceae,
198. ree ees
208. Phr mace
a
210. Rhinanthaceae,
211. Acanthaceae,
TABLE OF THE
Gen.
1
ORDERS AND FAMILIES
Gen Sp.
212, Pinguiculaceae ¢ 2
213. Orobanchae 4 4
214. Bignoniaceae, 6 7
215. Pedaliaceae, 2 2
216. oe 1 ]
PLANTAGINALE
217. Plan eae MM ae, 1 9
SANTALALES.
218. Loranthaceae, 1 3
219, Santala 4 4
220. Olacaceae, 2 2
RUBIALES
221. Rubiaceae, 25 70
222. id E 9 35
VALERIANALES
223. Valerianaceae, 2 7
224, Morinaceae 1 1
ARISTOLOCHIALE
225. Asaraceae, 3 17
CAMPANULALES.
226. € rbi ; 11 18
227. Campanulaceae 5 8
228. eliaceae, 1 22
229, Brunoniac 1 1
230. Calyceraceae, 1 1
CARDUAL
231, Ambrosiaceae, 22
239. Carduaceae, 129 698
233. Cichoriaceae, 6 5
Orders
58
Families
233
Genera
1518
Species
5557
INDEX'
aron's-beard MA 911 georgi ana, 1219 Aletris, 315, 316
Aaron’ s-rod, 674 Harperi 1218 Alfalfa, 682
Abama, 287 keyensis, 1220 Alfileria, 745
Abelmoschus, 857 laxa, 1219 Alicia, 7:
Abies, 3, § linifolia, cor Alisma, 21
Abildgaardia, 155 maritima, ALISMACEAE, 20
Abrus, 7 oligo IU d 1220 VAT Ep 2
Abizzia, 653 dT 1218 ali-grasses, 12
Abutilon, S47 Pluken 1220 Allamanda, 1063, "1004
Acacia, 653, 654 poner, 1219 ink,
Acaciella, 654 purpurea, 121 Allegheny- barber
rae 785, 786, TST setacea, 1219 Alle ghe eny Mount. spurge,
ACANTHACEAE, 1225 stenophylla, 1219 6
Acanthocereus, 914, 915, tenella, 1220 P neas: -vine, 549
9 tenuifolia, 1221 ALLIACEAE, 2
Acanthospermum, 1407, virgata, 1218 a 533
Agastache, 1153 Alligator-bonnet, 543
Acanthoxan thium, 1301 Agati, 703 Alligator-buttons, 540
v auci "s F. AMILY, 1225 Agave, 319, 320 Alligator-lily, 32
4 e. 3, 824, 825 Agdestis, 485 Alligator-pear, 921
renee 823 Ageratum, 1319 Alligator-tree, 601
a. Yous, 1067 Agrimonia, 615 Allionia, 488
Acetosella, 445, 446 Bicknellii, 616 ALLIONIACEAE, 487
Ache Eupatoria, 615, 616 Allium, 288, 289
AAA 1466, 1467 Jupatoria mollis, 616 Almond
chroanthes, T gryposepala, 6 Indian, 933
\chyranthes, 475, 476 hirsuta, West Indian, 935
Acicarpha, d: sm incisa, 6 Alnus, 41$,
Acmispon microcarpa, 616 ALOACEAE, 30
Acnida, aya. "is mollis, d ALOE F ux, 301
Acoeloraphe, 242 parviflo 615 Aloe, 302,
Aconites, 515 DD 616 Alopecurus,
Aconitum, 515, 516 pubescens, 616 ALPINIACEAE, 360
Acorus, 244 pumila, 616 Als anan clover, 685
Actaea, 513 rostellata, 616 Alsike-clover, 685
Actinomeris, 1444, 1445 . striata, 615 ALSINACEAE, 496
Actinospermum, 1455 Agrimony, 615 Alsine, 497
Acuan, 655, 656 Agropyron, 136 aquatica, 497
Adam-and-Eve, 385 Agrostemma, 508 jaldwinii, 498
am's- needle, 303 Agrostis, 104 brevifolia, 499
Adam’s-pitcher, 581 alba, 105 fontinalis, 49
Adder's-tongue, 292 altissima, 106 labra, 499
Adelia, 1040, 1041 arachnoides, 106 groenlandica, 499
( enoropium, 79 borealis, 105 longifoliz 1, | 498
Adenoplea, 1047 canina, 105 media, 4
Adicea, 433 Hlliottiana, 105 Michaurii, 499
Adipera, 66( hiemalis, patula,
Adlumia, 549 novae-angliae, 106 pubera 9
Adonis, 523 perennans, 105 squarrosa, 499
Adonis-flower, 52 rubra, 105 tennesseensis, 498
Adopogon, 1489 scabra, 105 Alsinopsis, 498
Adzuk-bean 124 Scribneriana, 106 Alternanthera, 476, 477
Aegopodi ium, 974 vulgaris, 105 ALTINGIACEAE, 601
Aeschynomene, 727, T28, Ague-tree, 923 Alum-roots, 592
Ague-weed, 1052 Alvaradoa, 763, 764
Arsctit LACEAE, 82 Ailanthus, 763 Alysiearpus, 736
P us, on 823 Air-plants, 269, 272 Alyssum, 565
Aethusa, 9 Aira, 107, 108 Amaranth, 473
African ER - hemp, Albizzia, 653 AMARANTHACEAE, 470 —
301 Alchemilla, 614 AMARANTH FAMILY, 470
African- marigold, 1464 Aldenella, 575 Amaranthus, 47
fzelia, 3 Alde 1lbus, 473
Agalinis 1216 Black, 814 blitoides, 47;
aphylla, 1220 Green, 419 sate T 478
decemloba, 1220 Hazel, 419 erassipes,
divaricata, 1221 Mon a 419 erispus, na
erecta, 1220 Red, cruentus, 472
fasciculata, 1219 Dien ^19 deflexus, 47:
filicaulis, 1221 Speckled, 419 gracilis, 473
filifolia, 1219 Ta 19 graecizans, 473
G attingeri, 1221 Alders eu hybridus, 473
! In the eases of genera with less than ten species the latter have not been indexed,
1514 INDEX
muricatus, 473 Anamomis, 936 phullon, 2139
polygonoides, 472 Ananas, 272, 213 108, 723
pumilus, 473 Anantherix, 1073 Apium, 976, t 4
re ae 73 Anaphalis, 1402 Apleetrum,
spinosus, 473 Andira, 712 APOCYNACEAE, 10
Amarólea: 10 3 Anastrophus, 54 Apocynum, 1061
AMARYLLIDALES, 314 Androcera, 1112 Apples, (633
AMARYLLIS F dal Y, 315 Andromedia, 1005 APPLE {1 652
Amaryllis, 32( Andropogon, 42 Apple-haw,
Ambaree, 856 arctatus, 46 Apple-lotus, 54:
i mblogyna, 472 argyraeus, 46 Apple-of-Peru, 1106
Ambrina, 466 Bakeri, 46 Apricot-vine, S96
Ambrosia, E 1300 brac hystac hys, 46 Apteria, 363
AMB IACEAE, 1297 Cabanisii, 46 AQUIFOLIACEAE, 5812
4 \melanehier, dat. 637 campyloracheus, 46 i quilegia, 514
4 bell, 202 capillipes, 45 Arabian jessamine, 1044
4 nee ye arborvitae, 9 corymbosus, 45 Arabido »psis 561
, 3 LA E 46 Arabis, 10.
d eens 45 Burkii, 572
i florida inus, 46 canadensis, 572
furcatus, 45 dentata, 572
F Jlaucopsis, 45 georgiana, 571
4 glomeratus, 45 hirsuta, 571
n gracilior, 46 laevigata, 572
Americar gracilis, 45 laevigata Burkii, 572
America ralepensis, 47 ludoviciana, 571
America 1248 hirtiflorus, 45 lyrata, 572
\merica 1165 littoralis, 44 vata, 571
nerica > hel lebore, longiberbis, 45 patens, 571
277 macrourus, 45 virginicus, 571
American-wisteria, 699 maritimus, 44 ARACEAE, 234
pena an- wo Ifsbane, 600 missi iensis, 46 Arachis, 728
merimnon, 711 Mohrii, 46 ARALES, 243
donant 278, 27 oligostac chyus, 45 Aralia, 960
Ammannia, 928 perangustatus, 45 Aranella, 1233
Ammi, 977 provincialis, Arborvitaes, 9, 10
AMMIACEAE, 960 scoparius, 44 Arctium, 1480
AMMIALES, 955 Neribnerianus, 46 Ardisia, 1029
immocallis, 1060 semiberbis, 44 ARDISIACEAE, 1025
Ammophila, 106 stok ynifera, 44 ARECACEAE, 236
Ammopursus, 1335 subtenuis, 46 Arenaria, 499, 500
Amoracia, 558 tener, 44 Arethusa, 377
4 rpha, 688 €nness 45 Argemone, 54!
Bushii, 690 tenuispatheus, 45 Argentacer, 825
canescens, 6 ternarius, 46 Argyreia, 109
caroliniana, 689 tetrastachys, 45 Arisaema, 246, 247, 24
crenulata, 690 Tracyi, 4 Aristida, 94
ecroceolanata, 691 vaginatus, 45 Chapmaniana, 98
Curtissii, 69¢ ee 5 conas nsata, 97
Paete eg 689 rirginicus, 46 "urtissii, 95
ensiflora, 689 Aneiie it 263 dichotoma, 95
Dewinkeleri, 689 Anemone, 516, 517 gracilis, 95
floridana, 690 nemo 518 )
fruticosa, 691 Anethum, 983
glabra, 68! Angelica, 984, 985
glabra, Angelieas, f
erbacea, 690 Angelico, 972, 985
montana, 689 Angelon, 1206
nitens, 689 Angelonia, 1206
Schwerini, 689 Anzle-pods, 1076
tennesseensis, 600 Anise-root, 06
virgata, 690 Anise-trees, 533 H
Ampelopsis, 839 a hus, 1240 amos na, 9
Ampelothamnus, 1003 Annona, 532, 533 simpli iciflora. 96
Amphiachyris, 1337 ANN peered 520 spiciformi s, 96
mphianthus, 1193 Annual garden-phlox, 1104 stricta . 96
Amphicarpa, 720 An ennaria, , 1400, 1401 tenuispica. 97
Amphicarpon, 88 nthaenantia. 4f ternipes, 95
Amphiglottis, 390, 391 Anther 1467 iuberedlosa, 95
Amphistelma, 1074 Antho opori m, 1051 virgata, 96
Amsinckia, 112: An esata 93 Aristolochia, 1281, 1282
Amsonia, 1059 An . 276 ARISTOLOCHIALES, 1279
AMYGDALACEAE, 644 An M HT ea T89
Amygdalus, 646 Ant's-wood, 1033 RMERIACEAE, 1020
Amyris, 759 Anychia, 481 Ar rnica, 2 E
Anacampseros, 586 Anychiastrum, 480, 481 Aronia, 634, 635
Anacheilium, 392 Aphanes, 614 A rrnenatheruni 111
Anagallis, 1025, 1026 Aphanostephus, 1362 Arrow-arums, 245
Arrow-grass,
ARROW- GRASS
Arrow-hea
Arrowleaf,
Arrow- a E 890
Arrow-lotus, xt
20
FAMILY, 20
Arrowroot, 36
oo b UE 361
Arrow-v 58
Arrow eed: 18
Arrow-woods, 1270, 1271
Arsenocoecus, 1005
T1
-
^
+
-
T=
=j
—
a
D
—
AS sarum, 128 0, 1281
z \SCLEP 'IADACE iy n
ar nicola,
ince a, TA
-urassavica, 1070
Curtissii, 1073
e
io)
B
e
Rolfs sii, 1069
b
oe 867
semeia, 766, ' 161
P. i
1039
)
Ash- leaved maple, 826
Ashes, 1038
Ashy-hy s angea, 507
AS atic- arborvitae, 10
obovata, 531
INDEX
parviflora, 529
pygmaea, 531
reticulata, 530
€
ri Da Lu
Asparag S205. 296
“ispre ella
Aspris, 108
Aster, 136
acuminatus, 1391
adnatus, 1582
agrosti oliu 387
amygdalinus, 1394
SI olius, 1316
1389
ides
er pu 8 rena yllus,
NU pilosus, 1388
ericoides villosus, 1388
92
den is,
74
macrophyllus, 1312
1515
missouriensis, 1356
73
ene eed 1389
n 1372
ae-angliae, 1383
BOMBE 3s:
oblongifolius, 1383
3
paludosus, 1
aniculatus, 1386
patens 2
patens gracilis, 1332
O
LAS]
atens tenuicaulis, 138
edionomus, 1391
noo 1382
1387
pilosus,
initis 1387
plumarius, 1374
plumosus, 138
poaceus, 1375
prenanthoides, 13
Priceae, 1388
Proteus, 1376
ptar micoides,
puniceus, 7
purpuratus, 1380
racemosus, 1389
ramosissimus, 1387
EAA 1
13
1390
TS
S subulatus, 1393
tenui folius, 10
pies dod jore onmi
undulatus trianyularis,
urs ae 1380
v er utifolius,
o(
taniosc 0, 32
sco-lilies, 320
imos [0] LLICA, De
hee Ph
Bo h
\
\
i
i
Nünaén dà
heropogon, 11
tlantie p 7 ar, 905
tragene, 528
triplex, ' 461, 468
ureolaria, 1213
1215
, 1214,
1516 INDEX
ME c corkwood-tree, megacarpa, 677 Dee-blossoms, 662
microphylla, 675 Beech, 420
height ae -pine, 402 perfoliata, 675 Red, 420
Autumn-elaeagnus, e 20 erenae, 677 Ridge, 420
Avena, 110, 111 simplicitolia, m White, 420
Avens, 617 tineto oria, O7¢ E drops, 1239
Avicennia, 1145 villosa, 677 chnut-tree, 420
AVICENNIAC EAE, 1144 arbadoes-aloe, 302 eefs ie ik- pl: int, 1180
Avocado, 92 arbados-gooseberry, 898 eet-trees, 48
Axonopus, 53, 54 Barbara’s-buttons, 1455 a 402
Ayenia, 863 arbarea, 561 EEFWOOD i WEE 402
Azalea, 993 arbed-wire cactus, 915 eet, 463
alabamensis, 996 arberry, 545 eetle weed, 1020
atlantiea, 996 ARBERRY E n LY, 545 efaria, 992
arborescens, 996 { ner gras 136 eggar'sbuttons, 1480
austrina, 995 arnaby's- thistle, 1485 eggar's-lice, 1123
ealendulacea, 994 i yard-grass, 83 eggar-ticks, 1450
candida, 995 aren oak, 130 egonia, 917, 918
al Pens, 005 arr strawberries, 616 EGONIACEAE, 017
canescens, 99 rien 21 D EGONTA FAMILY, 017
lu 994 ASELLACE 46 DGONIALES, 917
nudiflora, 995 pe wake robin, 309 egonias,
prinophylla, 995 as elameanda
prunifolia, 997 na ET 1171 ELL-FLOWER * wn Y, 1288
serrulata, 996 asil-thyme, 1169 ellflowers, 12
speciosa, 99 asil- weed, 1169 ellis, 1361
eyi, 99: asiphyllaea, 393 ell-rue, 52
iscosa, 996 asket-oak, 425 ell-trees, 1036
Azalea, asket-willow, 415 ellworts, 299
Early, 5 asswoods, 842 Piera push, 929
Flame, 994 astard-elm, >
Smooth, 996 astard-jute, S56 ENNE F un Y, 1242
Swamp, 996 astard pen oval, 1148 t-grasses, 1(
'ellow, 994 astard t 1240 enzoin, 92:
Azaleas, 093 astard white-oak, 426 ERBERIDACEAE, 545
ATIDAC PAE, 486 erberis, 545
Baby-dewflower, 265 atis, 48 erchemia, 831
Baby-pepper, 48 atode er 1010 jergamot-lime, 760
Baccharis, 1397, 1398 atrachium, 519 erlandiera, 1415, 1416
Bachelor’s-button, 477, 733, atschia, 1125, 1126 PER. Er ass, 112
1485 pe ia in som
Pa haman wild- coffee, 1261 ayberry, 40 En. 3
jald-eypress, 9 AXBERRT FAMILY, 408 etula, 417, 418, 418
Bald-rush, 175 ay-cedar Ae ETULACEAE, 417
Bald-rushes, 174 ib CEDAR FA 761 icuculla, 549, 550
Balduina, 1455 leaved caper (UNA 511 idens, 1450
Baldwina, 1455 ay. -lobelia, aristosa, 1453
Ball-moss, 269 ays, 535 bipinnata, 1 451
Balloon-vines, 827 ay-star vine, 534 'ernua, 1452
Balm-ot-Gilead, 412 Bazina, 1195 chrus ianthe fanden 1453
B kd ae 865, 1285 each-grass, 70, 106, 128 comosa, 1451
Vild, each-heather, SSO connata, 1452
Euler bell, 206 each-heathers, 880 coronata, 1453
^alsam-fir, 1 eh-orach, coronata, 1454
Balsam- one ood, 759 each-sap, 575 liscoidea, 1452
BALSAM-TREE FAMILY, 865 each-stars, 187 frondosa, 1452
3ALSAMINACEAE, T£ each-tea, 783 nvolucrata, 1453
amboo, 313 eachwort, 486 laevis, 1453
Bamboo-vine, 314 eadlea, 882 leucantha, 1551
B , 359 eak-rushes, 175 mitis, 1453
BANANA FAMII LY, 359 eaked aa 417 Nashii, 1453
Bandana-daisies, 1461 eaked- violet, 893 pilosa, 145
Bandana-of- the- E verglades, eans, 23 Gd MA d A 1453
360 ene 724 52
Bantam- buttons, 251 ear-berry, 815, 1017 n Da ic chelors button, 114
šaptisia, e ear-foot, 1406 Big-bloom, 536
Iba, 67 ear-grass, 303 Bignonia, 1240, 1249
albescens 671 ear-grasses, 302 SIGNONTACEAE, 1239
australis, 678 ear-gum, 95 Big shag bark, 406
bracteata, 677 ear- huekieberrs, 1008 Big shell-bark, 406
calycosa, 676 ear-oak, Bilderdykia, 455, 459
calycosa villosa, 676 ni 423, 103, 116 zillion doll: ir grass, 83
elliptica, 676 eard-tongues, 1202 Bilsted, 601
Gibbesii, 676 enuty-berries, 1143 Biltia, 998, 9 99
hirsuta, 676 eaver-tree, 536 pee EA 1091
lanceolata, 676 eaver-wood, 442 Biota,
Le Contei, 676 edstraws, 1266 BaRa 123
leucantha, 678 ee-balm, 1164, 1166 BIRCH FAMIL Y, 417
Birel 4
Bir pee 649
Bird-knotgrass, 453
Bird-on-the-wing, 767
Bird-pepper, 1117
Bird’s-eye, §23
Bird’s-foot trefoil, 687
Bird’s-foot violet, 886
Birth-roots, 305
BiIRTHWORT FAMILY, 1279
Birthworts, 1281
3iscayne-palm, 241
Bishop’s-eap, 591
Jishop's-w s, O77
Bitter-aloe, 302
Bs P m
113
Dittersweet-orange, el
Bitter-waternut, 405
Bitter-weed, -: vu 1460
Bitter -willow, 41
Ditter-woo "i 762.
Biventraria, 107
Bi
=
oto n ood,
a ed susat
1427
*k gt rama, 117
n Te MT 06,
-
LED
—
e;
ES
Na
Ha
— I
406
'k- Hue kleber ry,
xl, 83
0
cm: grove, ii 45
ent pd pred pr pn ed fd ped fed Pt pe fp
we WY we ww v» v nv vv v9 v9 wv wy vv vv
roe Sle ee ee ee
B
B
Black qom n 137
Blaek-mustard, 563
Black-oak, 430
Black oat-grass, 98
Blac i Ee
Black-pi
Black- raspbe = 620
Black-ro 1: 209, 1400
pe ET 0, 283
Black scrub-oak, 13
Black-sloe, 648
Black-snakeroot, 513
Black-snakeroots, 965
Black-sumac, 8
Black-titi, 81:
Black- m ut, 40
Blanc pes 41:
Bladder-campion, 507
X,
INDEX
Bladder-ketmia, 858
Bladdernut, 821
BLADDERNUT FAMILY,
Bladder-pod, 703
Bladder-pods, 555
821
LADDERWORT FAMILY, 1251
1235
1461
B
Bladderworts,
Blanket-flowers
I
Blephilia,
Blessed- thistle, 1486
Bletia, 394
B lind- eye headache-poppy
548
B slister- cresses 562
B ionda: lilian, 292
b lood- red princes’-feather,
T3
Blood-root, 546
Bloodwort,
OODWORT FAMILY, 358
4$
m
=
2
mos
D eu
tA
'
^
(or)
oe -bells,
nt- grass, 10
ue- deat sundrops, $50
ue mar à
ue palmetto, 24:
epea,
ie phlox, TN
ue-sailors, 149
ue- oa St. rpm s wort,
ue st irs , 1059
Blue wild. indigo, 618
Boat-lily, 2
Boebera, (405
Boehmeria, 435, 486
Boerhaavia, 488
Boc- ay ag te FAMI
EAN FAMILY, 1056
og-buttons, 256
og-cresses, 567
Bog-hemp, 435
Bog-mat, 249
Ee og: morn 250
s, 251
Row myrtle. 409
^og-rush, 28
3o g-stars, 590
Bog-torches, 245, 373
Bog w nitey iolet, 891
zil , 414
B
n AG
1
o
i;
dz
FEN
=
Si
., BOY,
, 806
ox- “huck pines 1010
118
. 53
rachychaeta, 1201
ive lytrum, 9
rachygyne,
rachyrh: oa
radburya, 721
'adleic 9:
~
1496
epi 1 1959
114
rauneria, 142
razilian bl: idy- -grass, 3
ian morning-: E.
n
Breiweria, 1080, 1081
sreynia, T79
M
M
istly-g
ristly- sarsaparilla, 960
257
1209
moo
2, 02
, 84
1518
Brittle willow, 415
rizd, 128
Broad-dock, 448
Broad leaf pios 1105
Brome-gras 134
B ROS i ORO. 268
Dromus, 134
ciliaty us
13
ciliatus laci Piatumis, 135
A EA it us 13
erect
ac
13
O8 us commutatus,
secalinus.
'torum
unioloides,
ronze willow- herb,
'rook-feather, 5
rooklime, 313.
rook-parnassin, 5$ eo
rook-saxifrage, 5!
AN,
046
69
roussonetia, 8
Brown-hickory, 407
rown-beth, 307
uc aneor. pal 238
uchnera, 1225, 1%
ucida, 933
uckberries,
Buckberry,
BUCKEYE Paw Y,
BUCKTHORN FAMILY, n
poc norna, D 103:
Buckwheat Br 813
uckwheat- vine, 460
Buddleia, 1057
JUETTNERIACEAE, 861
Buffalo-bur, 1112
Buffalo-clover, 685
juffalo-nu 250
Buffalo-ryes, 137
Bugbane, 513
Bugle-weeds, 1175
Bugloss, 27
Bullace grape, 838
jull-bay, 535
IND
Bullbrier, 513
— —
S
—
_~
ae
e
a
Bull- th Se:
E thistles, st
ushes
Pace
BUNC H- FLC
Ar ge 3
owers,
ur- marigolds,
ur-seed,
urweed, 8
ur- 2
UR) NIA F
urmannia, 36
U A 2
-E-
ur-Oak
ush-pea, 67
1,
ipd: iori, oxa
Button- hazels
Buttonwood,
Whi
JUX My
jx y
^vrsonima, 756
Cabbage-palm,
: cabbage palm
ee e-tree,
abbage-tree
CABOMBACEAE
Cacalia, 1475,
sh- Koner, SRA
re
utter and- eggs,
utterbough, &: 20
lis,
519
EX
FC
1450
an Y,
pu
146
' 604, 93:
240
etto,
240
, 538
1476,
WER FAMILY,
362
14
3
240
1
1276
1
3
873
77
AMILY, SOT
“AC F:
Caesalpinia, 667
Caille 655
Caj: i, is
Catopsis, 27:
Cath: iranthus,
Caulophy ‘lu
‘akile, 574
"al: ibas sh, 1286
a ibd ish- tree,
2
1060
045
ee ee eee ee M
I--]
'amassia, 292
Camelina, 556
AS MELLIA FAMILY, 815
AMPANULACEAE, 1288
Camp pecan a 289, 1290
C ANULA 1: 282
Campannlastrum, 1290
Campe, 561
'amphora, 1
92
)»hor-plant,
)hor-tree, t
i x a 508
julost us IE
um,
1342
21
398
da
A ane Er Fooi,
ndleberry,
E n dock 2
Candyw
Candy wW eeds,
la
166, 168
1200
1021
A? FAMILY, 350
CANSARIN ACEAR, 436
36
Cape ronia,
E apeweed,
1140
Capnoides, 550, 551
Clematitis, 568
eurvisiliqua, 568
debilis, 569
flagellifera, 569
hirsuta, 569
Hugeri, 569
parviflora, 56¢
pennsylvanica, 569
rhomboidea, 568
e
j E 25
RA Iaa ren
oO 1 ©
O° Ress
B
me
ho
©
1
91
ondita, 216
aestivalis, 221
alata,
albolutescens, 209
Albursina, 2
allegheniensis, 22
pepo A 220
215
216
digitalis glauca, 216
eburnea, 214
INDEX
Ell iottii, 232
follicul ata, 232
folliculata australis,
4
233
230 —
interior,
laevi-vaginata, 205
anuginosa, S
axieulmis, 2
lax riculmis- foritana,
axiflora, 21
aciflora,
oa venworihii 203
talea, 210
y 211
lup ulina, ,239
ida,
IT. 227
magnifolia, 216
Meadii, 214
mesochorea, 204
m ricrodonta, 219
misera,
Rie 229
Mohrii, 207
209
Muhlenbergii, 203
Mi ihlenbergii enervis,
nigro- marginata, 212
normalis, 209
pennsylvanica
hy mea neha, 12
victa, 213
plana, 20:
)Jlantagi 21
LOL e 2
polymorph
polytrichoides, ET
rasina, 221
ptychocarpa, 216
d inm a. 20 216
9
renifor) mis, 209
232
216
203
Eur
seopar ia, 208 —
seorsa,
207
setacea-ambigua, 204
aminea,
s ta, 0
striatula, 217
298
typh 23
typhinoides, 234
uberior, 205
ralidior, 212
varia,
varia ! australis, 212
zi resc
WwW Bn. " 330
POPE P
dd nd d.
9
"$n
5
“65
co
e
) 04
"arolina- ie 631
Jarolina beech-drops,
2 EE T
986
H
39
T.
na-rose,
MILY, 490
( arphephorus, #1309. 1330
, 41
assada, 1 003
assie,
ASSYTHACE
astalia, 542, 543
d H 46202 E
1520
Castanea
alnifolia floridana,
ar kansana
Miri. re 21
nana
ozarkensis, 421
79 2
c
; NAINACE ve. 402 >
'ARINALES, 402
'alonia: “jess imine,
124
4,4 i
cts
I]
Pay}
Qaacaa
M
LIII
332
p>
2
e
AS
ae =
-
t
2
>
mm mmm m Mm m M Mm ee m
prerneen
zut, 6
'Hartolin num
NEA UM
Carteri,
Curtissii,
floridanu: m,
Harperi,
intereursum,
x ate
medium, 7
virginianum, n
Cat- mint, 1154
[4
c e An eaved ar vu u
Celes stiz al-l S, 326
C entaurea, 148 y)
Castor. oil plant, 192
-TAIL FAMILY, 13
TO
421
1044
p. 521
INDEN
C se ntunculus, 1026
S, "500
)
Ceratoschoenu 178
Ceratotheea, 1243
CM 1058
Ce d
vere foliu 968
OTRAIS, 409
e a dere m, 1118
Chaerophy Hum,
Chaetochloa, 84
gı x:
-
=
-+
a=
un
^
>
E
mac rospe rma, 85
magna
occide bs 8
Tracyi
917
902
509
pilulifera, 797
pilulifera proc umbens,
797
pinetorur 196
polszonitolia, T94
Porteriana,
-
3
ao
7
=
2-1
T96
Ch: morula, 1468
Chapmannia, 730
Chapman’s-oak, 4
‘haparral-shrubs, 443
Chaptalia, 1486
Charlock, 563
Charlocks, 564
Chaste-tree, 1144
E bed us
Ch 34
€ ieckerberry, 1006
Cheeses, 851
C ieirinia, 562
Chelidonium, 54;
Chelone, 1199, 1200, 12017
CHENOPODIACEAE, 462
E )
CHENOPOD
( esta, 166
Cherokee-beans, 716
€ phi alee rose, 628
Cherries, 647
Che y 1029
Cherry n zh, 418
Cherry-laurels, 651
Cherry tomato, 1116
Chervil, 96$
Chervils, 069
Chess, 135
Chesses, 13
Chestnut uk: 426
Chew-stick, 835
Chickas saw- m 640
Chicken-co 41
Chicken PE 83
CHICKWEED F IUE 496
Chickweeds, 497
Chimaphila, 990
(hina-be 726
China-be : Qn
Chinabrier, 3
China parasol tree, 864
China tree
Chinese Ko | 10
Chinese-rose, 857
Chinese tallow-tree, 780
Chinese-wisteria, 699
Chinquapin, 4
Chinquapin-oak, 425
Chinquapins, 420
Chiocoeca, 1259, 1260
Chiogenes, 1
Chionanthus, 1041, 1042
Chlaenobolus, 1400
Chloris, 114 5
CHOCOLATE FAMILY, 861
Chokeberries, 634
Choke-cherries, 650
Choke-cherry, 650
C hondrophor a, 1342
344
aspera,
Nuttallii,
4
trichophylla, 1338
Chrys sosplenium, 591
"hthamalia, 1078
iufa, 149
iurl-hemp, 433
iurl's-eresses, 554
hytraculia, 937
‘icea, 77s
ICHORIACEAE, 1486
P b Ur 1490
Cic a, 975
( RAM
Cigar-trees,
Cime E
Cinn 1¢ )4
Ci HAAN. bark, 865
C "inn: imon- oak, 428
0
860
1241
513
Ci (aea, 95
Cirsium, 14
altissimum. m su
arvense,
discolor id
flaccidum, 1482
horridulum, 1483
lanceolatum, 1483
Le-Contei, 1482
mutieum, 1481
Nuttallii, 1483
1482
revolutum, 1
Smallii, 148:
virginianum. 1482
1483
CIs STAC EAE, 87
Citharexylum,
96
1142
1118
Citron,
( ‘itrullus,
astis, 673
Clambering- monkshood, 515
IN
161
DEX
Clammy-locust, 7
Clammy-weed,
C ae orchid, “392
63
Clary
Cliff-green,
516.
Cliff-harlequin, 549
Cliff-orpine, 586
Cliff-stoneerop, 98T
Cliftonia, 8
12
g-bitter , 818
bu wheat, 459
fumitory, 549
hempvin 328
hem nw ee 32
hempweeds,
hydrangea, 599
WES 168, 1169
296
E
722
Clotbur, 1480
€ 's, 1302
Clovers, 684
Coelogiossum,
Co
Co
[Bi 0
i ~
202020 20202020202
~ eS cce
2 2 oo2zc
P
©
485
elostylis,
x
Aene
eus, 11
ic- -roots
linsia, 1
linsonia,
umbines,
^
nidos olus, 790
al water-eress,
, 1287
18, 1828
8215
207
1179
248
568
Comandra, 1249
Comfortroots,_ 1
hamipita 265
hi 265
’ 2
nudiflora, 265
saricola, 265
Swingleana, 265
virginica, 265
virginica, 265
COMMELINACEAE, 258
COMMELINALES, 258
Common-alumroot, 593
c p 359
on- UEM 11
Comm x dal rt 1114
Ommon. me ich,
Common-ree
"'ommon- smarty eed,
e
"'ompti
comptonia,
owers ;
“one plant 1
( ‘onfederate- violet,
‘ongo- 715
410
1421
SSS
4
-onoc Nn "933
n
( ve 3 105 £
( 'onvolvi ulus. 1089, an
Coonties, 1
Cooper's-reeds, 3
o 763
Coppery St. John's-wort,
T0
Coptis, 512
Coral- beads, 5031
1522
Coral-beans, 716 ‘osmos, 1454 cordata, 644
Coralberry, 513, 1275 "otinus SOS Crus -galli, 640
Coral-greenbrier, 313 'otoneaster, 644 cuneiformis, 641
Coral-honeysuckle, 1274 Cottongrasses, 167 flava, 642
Corallorrhiza, 388, 389 otton-gum, 957 floridana, 645
Coral-orchids, : otton-rose, 857, 1404 Harbisonii, 642
Coral-plant, 1206 ottonrushes, 1 intricata, 642
Coral-roots, 388 ottons, 861 lacrimata, 644
Coral-sumac, 808 otton- thistle, 1484 luculenta, 641
Coral-vine, 460 ottonweed, 479 macrosperma, 643
Sorehorus, 84 Cotton-weeds, 946 maloides, 641
Corculum, 460 Cottonwood, 2 Margaretta, ¢
Cord-grasses, 115 Cottonwoods, 410 Marshallii, 644
Cordia, 1128, 1129 Couple-caps, 785 mendosa, 642
Cordyline, 30 Cow-bane, 986 Michauxii, 645
Coreopsis, 144 Cow-bells, 299, 501 Mohrii, 6
angustifolia, 1449 'ow-eress, 55- mollis, 642
auriculata, 1448 Cow-herb, 505 monogyna, 643
cardaminefolia, 144$ Cowhorn-orchids, 394 pausiaca, 641
crassifolia, 1447 Cow-itch, 1241 phaenopyrum, 644
delphinifolia, 1448 ‘ow licks, 1036 populifolia, 64
Drummondii, 1449 ‘ow-lilies, 540 pruinosa, 643
falcata, 1450 'ow-oak, 425 punctata, 640
gladiata, 1450 * Cow-pars i 085 rotundifolia, 642
grandiflora, 1448 'ow-pea, rufula, 641
helianthoides, 1450 Cow wheat. 1225 signata, 64¢
integrifolia, 145 owiteh-vine, 599, 717 spathulata, 643
lanceolata 7 owslip, 5 succulenta, 641
latifolia, 1 ow-sorrel, 446 tomentosa, 64
Leavenworthii, 1449 ow-vetch, 740 triflora, 642
ewtonii, 144t rab-apples, 633 uniflora, 644
longifolia, 1450 Crab-grass, 51, T viridis, 642
major, rab-grasses, 50 yadkinensis, 644
nudata, rab's-eye, 74 Cream-violet, 893
nuecensis, 1448 rabwood, 790 Cream wild- indigo » 611
racca, T( Creeping-blueberry, 1017
pulchra, 1448 ambigua, 7
rosea, 1 angustifolia, 701 obe d du eae 1284
saxicola, 144! angustissima, 108 Creeping- oxalis,
senifolia, 1448 -arpenteri, 706 Creeping- phlox, 1104
Chapmanii, 7 Cree 1x g St. John's wort.
6
chrys D 106
C reeping snowberry, 1015
tripteris, 1448 cinerea,
iin fet oF 1448 preven O P o Creeping-thyme, 1171
Coriander, 9 C sid TOT C reeping water-plantains,
Coriandrum, 572 flexuosa, TOT
Cork-elm, 441 gr acillina. TOT C reeping wintergreen, 1006
Corkwood, 408 hispidula, 707 Crepis, 1494, 1495
CORKWOOD FAMILY, 407 intermedia, 706 Crescentia, 124 1242
Corky- m Duc latidens, 706 Crested dwarf-iris, 531
flower, 89€ Mohrii, 10€ Crested-ettercap, 375
Corn, 3! onobrychoides, 107 Crimson-clover, 685
Corn-campion, 508 purpurea, 708 Crinkle-root, 567
Corn-chry santhemum, 1470 Rugelii, 706 Crinkle-roots, 566
Corn-cockle, 508 oe 706 Crinum, 321
Corn-flower, 48: nica, 105 Crocanthemum, 878
Corn-gromwell, 11: C eis willow, 413 Crookea, 868
Corn-marigold, 1470 "rag-hemlock, 7 Croomia, 309
Corn-mustards, 561 Crag-jangles, 592 Cross-vine, 12
Corn-rose, ranberry, 1 Cross-weed, 563
Corn-salads, 12 Mountain, 1017 Crosswort, 1021
Corn- snakeroot, 964 Cranefly-orchid, 387 Crotalaria, 67!
Corn-spurrey, 502 Cranesbills, 744 incana, 680
b ; Cranichis, 37$ inaria, 67
'agoda, 95 Crantzia, 97 maritima, 679
Rough-leaf, 958 ‘rape-m 2 pumila, 68
Silky, 95 Crape-myrtle, 930 Purshii, 679
Umbrella, 958 Crataegus, 637 retusa, 67§
Cornels, 957 aestivalis, 641 Retzii, 67
Cornstalk- pono eed, 1T albicans, 643 rotundifolia, 679
Cornus, 957, pub barn 644 sagittalis, 679
Corpse-plant, 988 arborescens, 642 spectabilis, 679
CORRIGIOLAC EAE, 479 Berberifolle. 640 striata, 68(
Corydalis, 55 brachyacantha, 642 Croton, 180
CORYLACEAE, 415 Calpodendron, 641 alabamensis, 781
Corylus, 416, 417 Chapmani, 1 arenicola, 782
Corymbis, 38% chrysocarpa, 642 argyranthemus, 781
Cosmiza, 1232 colina. 641 Berlandieri, 782
capitatus, 783
Elliottii, 783
Engelmanni,
Fe onii, m
flo Eun us,
glandulosus,
li T82
Croto onopsi
CROW- ERAT F. jM SOT
Crowfoot,
CROWFOOT FAMILY, 510
Crowfoot-grass, 118
C row foots, 519
Cupania, 829
up- ee 1410
up-s 537
( DIRE 1406
Curl-flowers, 527
Curled-dock, 447
Curled- mustard, ae
urly-clematis, 52
urly- -hair, 303
urly-heads, 528
urrants, 602
ursed-crowfoot,
urve-leaf yucca, Sus
92
a a a
deci p a pu lcherri ima,
94
inflexa,
oötus ijora ONOR
10
par ado. ra, s
Cu istard-apples, 529—532
1094
INDEX
Cuthbertia, 259
Cyanococcus, 1013
amoenus, 1014
P
brunneus, "15:
Careyi, 147
cayenne nsis, 152
147
cylindrostachys, 151
Deeringianus, 151
densus,
dentatus, 148
dentatus multiradiatus,
Pr EER 145
dipsaciformis, 151
dissitiflorus, 15^
i 14
ele 1
alk 154
erythrorhizos, 149
escule Pd 9
ferax, 15
filicinus, 6
filieulmis, 153
flavescens, 145
flavico 146
floridanus, 150
Haspan, 148
hermaphroditus, 15:
hystricinus, 15
inflexus, 147
Tria
laevigatus, 146
lancastriensis,
Co
151
e Con 148
Plan i, 152
Cypripedium, 367, 367
Cypselea, 491
Cyrilla, 811
CYRILLACEA
, 812
811
( "opoahum. 394, 395
681
Cytisus,
Daetylis
29
De ich 117, 118
816
Dn
Jaisy, 1362
Daisy: fleabane, p 396
DAPHNACEAE, 919
212
Dasy oe TODA
D asys tomia, Yr 4, 121
I Jate- palm, 239
Date-plums, ao 30
Datura,
Denne. 704
Daucus, 966, 967
Day-flowers, 263
1053,
1524 INDEN
Day-jessamine, 1118 Diarina, 126 tomentosus, 714
p lilies, 204 Du. 25 Dolichos, 126
man’s bryonys, 309 Dicentra, Dollar-leat, 73:
Dead. nettle, 1158 Dicerandra, 1369, "1470 yollar-weed, 715
Dead-nettles, 1157 Dichondra, 1079 )oll's-daisy, 1363
DE ou Hu 1007, 1008 DICHONDRA FAMILY, 1079 )oll'S8 eyes, 51:
ecemiu 096 DICHONDRACEAE, 1079 Jolly Varden, 106
Began holly, 815 Dichromena, 173, 174 yondia, 46
codon, 929 Dichrophyllum, 797 Joorweeds, 452
ecumaria, 599 Dicliptera, 0 )otted-smartweed, 457
Deerberries, 1010 Didiplis, 928 ouble- leaf m 378
Deer-hair, Diervilla, 1276 )ove's foot,
Deerhair- bulrush, 169 Digitaria, 50 yownward- n im, 1033
Deeringothamnus, 53 Dildoe, 915 )owny-chinquapin, 421
Deer-pea, 741 Dilepyrum, 99 Jowny-grape, S37
)eer's-tongue, 1336 Dill, 983 »wny-haw, 64:
Deer-wood, 41 Dillweed, 983 Jowny-phlox, 1103
Delonix, 66 dilly, 1032 owny-poplar, 412
Delopyrum, 450, 451 Dimorphostachys, 57 Jowny-violet, 892
Delphinum, 514, 515 Dioclea, 7 raba, 565, 566
Delta-palmetto, 240 Diodella, 126 RACAENA( E, 302
Dendrium, 993 Diodia, 1265, 1264 racocephalum, 1156
Dendrophylar, 398 Dionaea, 580 yracopis, 27, 28
Dendropogon, 268 Dioscorea, 324, 325 yragon’s-teeth, 716
Dentaria, » 501 Diospyros, 1030 mrooping-sedge, 22
entoceras, 45 Dipholis, 102: mrooping-willow, 414
Deptford pink, 504 Diplachne, 118, 119 mropseeds, 160(
eringa, 969, 970 Diplotaxis, 563 rop ts, 985
Deschampsia, 107, 108 Diphylleia, 544 eea zd
Desmanthus, 655 5, 656 Dips: EV 1218 DROSERACEAE, 578
Desmodium, 731 Dirca 19 runs mondo 112
acuminatum, 732 Di sheloth- gourd, 1285 )rymaria, 503
canadense, 735 Disporum, 208 Irymocallis, 613
'anescens, 734 Distichlis, 128 rypetes, 780
cuspidatum, 734 Ditaxis, 7 Juck-acorn, 540
Dillenii, 7 Ditch-crowfoot, 521 )uchesneza,
floridanum, 734 Ditch-grass, 15 )uck-oak, 28
glabellum, 733 Ditch-stonecrop, 589 Juck-potato,
humifusum, 733 DITCH-STONECROP FAMILY, )UCKWEED F RAN y, 245
incanum, 735 58E yuck-weed, 250, 496
laevigatum, 735 Ditremexa; n 661 )uck-weeds, 249
lineatum, 733 Dittany, 117 yulichium, 141
marylandicum, 735 Jocks, 446 ummy- date, 238
nudiflorum, 734 )oetor-gum, SOS uranta,
paniculatum, 134 )ODDER F A y, 1092 urra, 47
paniculatum angusti- yodders, 109 nurasnilla, 911
olium, 734 SE o eon 1026, 102 yusty-clover, T39
panic en t pubens, 734 ^odoneae, 821 nuteh-beech, 411
abi ead DODONAEACEAE, 820 nuteh-elover, 686
rigi )oellingeria, 1394 Jutch-flax, 556
Sie um 733 og-apples, 530 dab hman's-breeches, 549
strictum, 733 DOGBANE F vie Y, 1057 utehman’ SP 2 1282
tenifolium, 733 'ogbanes, 1061 ae f h, 474
ortuosum, 735 ogberry, 604 ^warf-banana, 359
Mind ied 736: )og-brier, 629 warf-barleys, 136
iflorum, 735 )og-daisy, 1 »warf-candleberry, 409
Bec em 1003 og-fennel 323, 1468 "warf-cherry 654
)evil-woods, 1043 og-grass T warf chinqt lapin or ne 426
)evil's-bits, 276 og- hobble, 1001 ywar -dand lelion, 14
Jevil’s-boats, 581 og-mint, 1 ^warf-ginseng, 95 dd
Devil's-claws, 489 og-rose, 620 )warf ‘gray- -willow, 415
evil’s darning- needles, 07 og’s-camomile, 1468 Owarf-ht ICE oberen 1005
evil’s-pincushions, 899 og's-mercuries, 7585 ^warf hucklebs TTY, 1009
yevil’s-plague, 967 og-tongue, 445 f-irises, 330
yevil’s-potato, 1063 og-tongues, 26
yevil’s-shoestring, 140 )og-tooth violets, 292
n S nne 1706 JOGWOOD FAMILY, 956
vil's-tongues, 809 ^olicholus, 712 1
evil S-W valkingstic k, 960 reus QU h a
ewdrops, 619 ectus, 5 zarf-
)ew-flo ca 63 interne I8, 715 wart TE cres 572
)ew-threads, 579 Lewtonii, 714 "war pos s ‘wort, 180
Jiamorpha, 588 Michaurii, 714 ywar ae
anthera, 123 minimus, 913 warf-sennas, 6 zu
Dianthus, 504 Due 715 ^warf-spirea, 608
Diapedium, 1229, 1230 parvifolius, 713 ywarf-sumac, 810
BUR 1018 simplicifolius, 715 ^warf-sundew, 579
Diaphoranthema, 269 Swartzii, 913 »warf-thorn,
INDEX 1525
Dwarf wax-myrtle, 409 microcarpa, 164 Purshii, 126
Dwarf witch-alder, 601 mutata, refracta, 124
Dwarfed- Du sh, 169 nodulosa, 163 secundiflora, 124
Dye-flow 1146 obtusa, 163 simplex, 125
D POE. "35 ochreata, 162 spectabilis "2 24
Dyschoriste, 1227, 1228 olivacea, 162 tephrosanthos, 126
raticola, 162 trichocolea, 12-
Eardrop, 460 prolifera, 165 unioloides, 125
Eardrops, 550 quadrangulata, 161 Erechtites, 1477
LEar-leaf, 53 retroflexa, 16 Irianthus, 40, 40, 41
Early-azalea, 905 Robbinsii, 161 ERICACEAE, 99
Early-crowfoot, 522 rostellata, 166 uie. ALES, 986
Zarly meadow-rue, 524 simplex, 164 Erigenia, 973, 974
Early wood- buttercup, 522 tenuis, 166 Erigeron, x
Early winter-cress, 56 Torreyana, 164 annuus
Early yellow- violet, 892 tortilis, 164 be doses 1356
Earth-almond, 149 tricostata, 165 canadensis, 1397
jarth-smoke, 551 tuberculosa, 164 divaricatus, 1397
Easter-lily, 320, 32 incialis, 163 linifolius, 13:
Fatonia, 109, 110 vivipara, 1 nudicaulis, 1936
EBENACEAE, 1030 Zlephant- Thi s, 1316 philadelphicus, 1396
EBENALES, 1030 Elephantopus, 1316, 1317 pulchellus, 1396
EBONY FAMILY, 1030 Elephant's-ears, 918 quercifolius, 1396
Edisonia, 1078 Eleusine, 117, 118 ramosus, i
zastophyllum. 110, 711 jlf-feather, 297 strigosus, 96
Echinacea, 1420, 14 51. 1426 Elf-orpines, 588 strigo sus Ber griehit, 1396
zd nochloa, S2. 83 Elfin-spur, 387 9
vinocystis, 128t Elk-wood, 536 cM
E ich nodorus, 2 :22 Elk-w , 534
chinospermum Elliottia, 992
i ch S 062, 1062, 1063 Emelista, 660
Echium, 112% Emex, 448, (
Eclipta, 1419 Emilia, 1474, 1475, 1475
Ee “grass, | : JMPETRACEAE, SOT
Eel-grasses Enallagma, 1242
EEL-GRASS "Fa AMIL y, 18 pun s-nightshade, or 02,
Zgg-fruit, 1032 Erodium, 745, 746
Egg-plant, 1114 ned 91 Eruca, 564, 564
2glantine, 62% Endorima, 1454, 1455 Erysimum, 559
Egyptian-bean, 726 En clish-i ivy, 959 Erysimum, 562
EHRETIACEAE, 1128 English-plantain, 1246 Eryngium, 965
EHRETIA FAMILY, 1128 English rye-grass, 156 aquaticum, 963
EXLAEAGNACEAE, 919 English-violet, 892 aromaticum, 964
Elaeagnus, 919, 920 Enslenia 74 Baldwinii, 964
Elaphrium, 764 Ephiphegus, 1259 cuneifolium, 964
ELATINACEAE, 866 Epibaterium, 537 livaricatum 4
a 866 Epicion, 1075 floridanum, 96
El Epicladium 2 integrifolium, 965
C OO 1270 pe iier EUM 891, 392 Ludovicianum, 965
Gulf, 127 Epigaea, 10( Mettaueri, 965
Red-berried, 1270 EPILOBIAC E 939 praealtum, 964
Southern, 1210 Epilobium, 946 prostratum, 964
Elders, 126 Eragrostis, 1: Ravenelii, 965
E lecampane, 1405 acuta, 124 synchaetum, 964
Eleocharis, 15 amabilis, 125 virgatum, 965
acicular is, 163 bahiensis, 125 . virginianum, 964
aet uminata, 166 soled Ciba is p acta, 124 Eryngos, 963
albida, 165 eapillaris Erythraea, 1048
arenicola, 166 cilianensis, "135 Erythrina, 715
atropurpurea, 162 cilia 125 Erythronium, 292
Baldwinii, 16: Con ferta, 125 Ittercap, 375
bicolor, 163 Elliottii, 12 Eubotrys, 1000, 1001
Brittonii, 164 Eragrostis, 126 Euchlaena, 37
calv: 6: floridana, 124 Eugenia, 035, i937
capillacea, 162 Frankii, 125 _ Eulophus, 975
capitata, 166 lomerata, 125 Euonymus, 817, SIS
caribaea, 162 hirsuta, 124 Eupatorium, 1320
arolina, 165 hypnoides, 125 album, 1324
cellulosa, 161 limbata, 126 altissimum, 1325
chaetaria, 164 lugens, 12 anomalum, 1324
LU 165 oa 24 aromaticum, 132
longata, 162 jor, 125 capillifolium, 1323
E ngelmannii, 163 megastach ya, 12 "hapmanii, 1326 |
equisetoides, 161 r, coelestinum, 1328
flaccida, 162 enis , 124 compositifolium, 1325
glaucescens, 163 yectinacea, 126 ara
macrostachya, 163 pilosa, 125 cuneatum, 1: 26
melanocarpa, 165 plumosa, 12 opr Tei 1325
1526
Eugenei, 1323
Sirve t] 1320
hyssopifolium, 1324
vaefolium, "1320
ce 2"
latiden
PE AA 24
leptophyllum, 1323
leucolepis, 1324
maculatum, 1327
mikanioides, 1324
Mohri,
Sinn 1323
perfoliatum, 1326
roanens is, "132
=
seabridum,
774
Euphorbias. T92, ‘800, 802
European-verber 1137
Eustachys, 115, EL
Eustoma, 104
Euthamia, 1360
Eucrolus, 473, 47
d iG PRIMROSE FAMILY,
ening 201,086)
roses, 946
E vening ian flowe er,
1045
Ever zlade cocoa-plum, 645
E vergreen -millet, 47
, S14
E ye- roots,
FABACEAE, 669
Facelis, 1403, 1404
g E, 419
E 415
75
Poor 458
Fagus, 419, 420
iry-wand, 216
se Racine drops, 988
ULL 132 9
Pal: se e-bo AW bere 819
Fe vheat, 45
se- mee ae 518
False-dandelions, 1495
se-dogwood, 828
se-dragon heads,
se-flaxes, 556
gloves, 1214, 1216
"als se-garlies, 289
se goat’ S- rub 596
361
3 onlda
"als Sene S80
Fa E hellebor E
1156
P!
^
ee)
N
2 e
va se mallow. S,
maid Family, T
75
dise-me
3
ct
^
A
se Mer
itr
2
Ee money wort, 996
se-nettles, 435
se-oats, 109
um
s
re X Jat,
H 1
se-pimnperne:,
A
pilnpern
Is, 1194
se purple- foxzloves. J: 216
als
dd ed dD
jA
N^
~
Feather- columbine, 525
F eather-fleeces, 27
Da 102 3
ther- ger anium, 466
eather- grasses, 97, 118
k, 278
Feather- trees, 996.
Fen- ros
octoflora, 133
ovina, 133
parviflora, 133
rubra, 133
sciuréa, 133
P 133
tene
133
F ‘etid- ete key e, 823
Fetter- bus a 1003
POL bushes, 1000, 1001
Fever-bush , S14
"ev erfe ew, 1469
^c
a
[t
-
TL
x]
D
g^:
ie
T.
Pen 1142
Field-larks spur, 515
E “pansy, 893
Field-pennycress, 555
F I cate rel, 446
F ield- thistle, 1483
Fig, 439
Common, 439
Golden,
Dp 57
d 4 74
75
Po
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i
^4
P^
ele
dem
PP
o
es
Bet
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s
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$3:
450.
22
as
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d
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a
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et
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^
un
M
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nen
eeel
n N
£25
c
£
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zx
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i
N
316
541
yrs 146: 3, 1463.
46
*lanie-tree
Flav
T" "n TE. 1749
"lix-w eed, e
^lix-wee«
J MR hearts, 1056
F oe rkea ea, 573
Plo arrowro ts, 1
F orida. bean, 717
1464,
1527
NDEX
Sas oo 735 Gaillardia, d gs Mu -pink, 50
lorida-elm GALACACEAE Gastronychia, 4
OU OIL EPA 603 Galactia, 118! c ET "1006
Florida-mahogany, 922 brachypoda, 118 Gaura, a
Florida-moss, 26 brevipes, 719 Gayoide ag
Florida-phlox, 1103 cubensis, 719 G aylussacia, TTL 1008,
Florida-privet, Elliottii, 720 , 1010
Florida thatch- -palm, 241 erecta, 718 Gay-wi , 161
Florida-trema, fasciculata, 719 Geiger-tree, 1128
Florida-yew, 12 filiformis, 719 Gelsemium, 1045
Flote-grass, 131 floridana, 718 iemmingia, 327
Flower-fence, 666 ylabella, 719 Genipa, 125
"lower-of-an-hour, 858 mollis, 719 GENTIAN PADS 1047
"lowering-ashes, 1041 parvifolia, 719 Gentian,
"lowering-dogwood, 958 pilosa, 7 Fringed, 10
"low 1019 pinetorum, 719 Soapwort, 1053
Flowe ering- raspberry, 619 prostrata, 719 Stiff, 1052
Flowering- spurge, 799 egularis, 719 Gentiana, 1051, 1052. 1058,
"low sessiliflora, 718
Flowering- wintergreen, TOT piciformis, 719 yee AE, 1047
3 lins, 120 striata, 719 GENTIANALES, 1044
ü |
MORE umnon,
"oenieulum, 982, 983 Darlingtonii, 801
"og-fruits, 11: floridanus, 01 GERANIALES, 143
"ool's-parsley, 982 Helioscopia, 802 GERANIACE ay "cs
"orestiera, 1040, 1041 Lathyrus, 801
“orget-menots, 1124 obtusatus, 802 ;erardia, 1229
"orked-leaf, 0 Peplus, 801 Gerardia, 1216
Forsteronia, 1063 platyphylla, 802 decemloba, 1220
"othergilla, 601 telephioides, 801 divaricata, 1221
"ountuin- plant, 1206 trichotomus, 802 filicaulis, 1221
F"our-o'clock, 87 Galax, 1020 Poou d
*OUR-O’CLOCK FAMILY, 487 p 1020
“Ox: grape, 838 WAXY FAMILY, 1019 Batting geri, 1221
oxtail- ier 84, 100 Galenia, 492 Holmiana, 1219
Foxtail- -pin Galeopsis, T linifolia, 1221
Fragaria 612 Galeorchis, 36 maritima, 1219
"ragrant-sumae, 811 Galingales, 142 microphylla, 1220
"RANGULACEAE, 830 Galinsoga, 1457, 1458, 1j parvifolia, 1221
"ranklin-tree, 876 Gallberry, 814 Plukenetii, 1220
"ranklinia, 876 tall-of-the-earth, 1490, 1492 purpurea, 121
"ranseria, 1300 Galium, 1266 tenuifolia, 1221
Frasera, 1054 Aparine, 1267 virginica, 1215
Fraxinus, 1038, 1039, 1040 arkansanum, 1268 Miura ars: 1216
“rench- mulberry, 1143 asprellum, 1268 ierman-knotgrass, 470
Frenchweed, 555 bermudense, 126 iermanders, T
Fringe-orchids, 369 circaezans, 1267 eum, 6
Fringe-trees, 1041 Claytonii, 1268 Giant- EC 593
"ringed-bleeding heart, 550 filifolium, 1268 Giant-arrowleaf, 26
Fringed-gentian, 1051 hispidulum, 1268 Giant-cane, 139
Fringed-polygala, 767 anceolatum, 1267 Giant- hyssops, 1153
F "roelichia, 478 latifolium, 1268 Giant-reed, 120
‘rog-arrow, 37 parisiense, 1267 Gibbesia, 483
"rog-bonnets, 580 losum, 1267 Gifola, 1404
"rog-buttons, 249 tinetorium, 1268 Gilia, 1100, 1160
d AE 1139 triflorum, 1267 Gillenia, 60
og's-bi it, 29 uniflorum, 1268 3ill-over- eru 1154
ROG ’s-BIT FAMILY, 29 virgatum, 1267 GINGER FAMILY,
Frog-spear, 373 Galypola, 767, 168 Ginger-lily, 36
"rog-spike, 374 ;ama-grasses, 97 Ginseng, 959
“rogweeds, 519 Gander-grasses, 454 Ginster, 681
“rost-grape, 836, 837 tander-vine, 525 Gipsy-weed, 1211
"rost-weed, 880, 1443 Garberia, 1336 Glabraria, 923
^uirena, 172, 173, 17: Garden-balsam, 753 Gladiolus, 357
^umaria, 551 Garden-burnet, 614 Glandularia. d 1139
IACEAE, 549 Garden-phlox, Glassworts 8
Aen 551 Annual, 1104 Glaucous- willow, 414
Fumeweed, 551 Perennial, 1105 Glecoma, 115
manor, oe Garden-poppy, 548 Gleditsia, 65
Garden-rocket, 564 e jbe-amaranth, 477
288
F nace iu 1066
Garlies, 2
Geranium,
T45
GERANIUM Pent, 144
lobe-amorette, 296
Glycosmis, 759
Gnaphalium., 1402, 1405
14
Gno mes" gold, 818
be: arg, go S 1488
t’s-
’S
DEERE
ooo
Aa
4
en Saint John’s wort,
ud
Golde “saxifrage, 591
Golden -seal,
Golc EE shower, 660
Golden-slipper, 367
Golden: trumpets, 582
Gol no dan T e 595
Camel 477,
Gon oe 1140
mune uu 1076,
ie B
oober-nut, 729
OODENIA ri 1295
oodyera, 384
ooseberries, 602, 1
Gooseberry-gourd, 1286
ooseberry-tree, 779
oose-grass, 126
Gopher- apples,
( 'opherberr ies,
RASS. OF-
Gratiola, 1190
NDEX
aurea, 1191
brevifolia, 1192
Drummondii, 1192
flo nd a, Ern
georgia
NUR 21
neglecta, 1191
1 3
repens,
' 118
sphaer: ocarpa, 1191
Dic dd 411
reg b yulr }
rea Hirusn,
^
>
I Weeg 498
reat Ta phintian, 1476
-laurel, 99
-lobelia, 1
-leaf magnolia, 536
-mullen, 1199
202
~ -— m
ragweed, 1300
reek- valerian, 1100
reen- Mcr M 216
tr alder, 419
n- amaranth, 473
^enbriers, 31
reen-bulrush,
reen-dragon,
reen-eyes, 141
reen- fly orchid, 391
dad foxtail,
en-fringed orchid, 370
Feen hellebore, 512
reen-milkweeds, 1066
reen rein-orchid, 374
reen-violet, 894
reen-vivian, 545
reville: 15
Sind 133
romwe 112
round-e cherries. 1107
round-i 1154
roundela 1478
roundsel-tree, 1398
rossularia, 602, 603
ROSSULARIACEAE, 602
round- fone ic kle, 687
round-lemon, 544
roundnut, 723, 959
round- oaks, 646
uaiacum, 755
uava, 937
uettarda, 12 EA 1259
fm, Am m Um, € M M M RR
=
Sumoo, ERN
375
373, 214
Gumnadenia, "374,
Gymnadeniopsis,
1 I
Gymnanthes, 790
Gymnocladus, '665
Gymnolomia, 14522
tic uu See 115, 116
Gymno 473, 1474
Gynandropsis, 76
rynura, 1475
d yr ostach ys,
otheea, 358
ae ee 512
t-g )9, 105
98, 107,
r sedge, aa
alumr« ^ yt, 5E 3
Ha ry- angelici ' 985
108
-—
Pe
1258
ammerwort, 434
ammock- maple,
andsome-
ck,
'ossum, 1272
Southern-black, 1272
: 979
1495
Hawkweed, A
Haws, 637
Hay-bells, 299
Hazel-alder, 419
Iazelnuts, 416
Heal-all, 1206
Healing-herb, 1127
Heals-alls, 1155
Ieart-le: 297
af,
Heartieat pondweeds, 17
Heart-leafs,
Heu leaved willow, 414
Heart-pea, 827
peut seeds, 827
IEDERACE
Hedge Duck heat, "i
Hedge-hyssor 9
[ 0
brevifolium, 1461
Curtisii, 1
fimbriatum, 1460
incisum, 1466
latifolium, 1460
nudiflorum, 1460
tenuifolium,
vern 1460
angustifolius, 1434
annuus, 1435
argophyllus, 1436
atrorubens, 14 34
1435
debis, 4 1 35.
decapetalus, 1439
divaricatus, 1440
doronicoides, 1441
Dowellianus, 1439
Eggertii,
stenophy llus,
strumosus, 1440
INDEX
subrhomboideus, 1434
oe 1437
uberosus,
aaae, 1435
validus,
oani, 1436
vestitu 435
Heliopsis. "1417. 1418, 18
HELIOTROPE FAMILY, 1130
I Teliotr, opium,
1134
Hellebore, 277
Helleborus, 512
Hellfetter, 312
Helmet- flow ers,
Helonias, 276, 2
Hemerocallis i oon
132
"T
1132, 1133,
Hemianthus, 1196
IIemicarpha,
rd
41
Hemlock- poem 984
Hemlocks
4
35
Hesperis,
Heter anthora, |
PO A SEN 48,
otheca, 134
42
Ieucher
fu reell
S56
Sabdarifta, "T
48
1, 13
857
266, 226
42,
1529
semilobatus, SOT
^1 $ 58
tubiflorus, 855
Hickories,
Hicoria, ES
alba
Aquatica, 405
austri 406
carolina septentrionalis,
Caroi nae- du ionalis
australis,
cordiformis,
laciniosa, 406
aoe _ 406
minim
Aone: 405
ovata, 6
pallida, 407
'ecan, 5
texana, 405
Hieracium, 1492, 1495,
1494
Hierochloa, 93
Highbush- Be Tv 622
High-groun« ioe oak,
9
High-mallow, 851
BE oe shrub, 1298
Hin
Hippastrum, 321
820, 82
HIppocr:
Hippomane, ^90
r, 816
Holy-gras 3
Hooded. ETEN 21x:
ooked- butterc cup,
583
-
asja:
HONEYSU CKLE FAMILY,
1269
Honeysuckles, 1275
1530 INDEX
Hop. 436 HYDRANGEACEAE, 596
Hop-clover, 686 Hydrangeas, 597
Hop- hornbeam, 416 Hydrastis, 511
Hop-medic, 382 HYDROCHARITACEAE, 29
Hop-tree, 758 IIYDROCHARITALES, 26
Hordeum, 136, 137 Hydrochloa, 90
Hormidium, 392, 393 Hydrocotyle, 970, 97
Hornbeam, 416, 44 Hydrolea, 1098, us
Horned-pondweed, 15 E YDBOLPACEAP, 1 095
$ d
e : ] 7
Horned-rush, 178, 179 Hydrophyllum
]
Hornweeds, 509 H ydrotrida f
HORNWORT FAMILY, 509 fs Ta 57
Hygrophila, 1227
Hornworts, 509 ylocereus, 4
o eala, 1179 9
! - Hymenocallis, 321
Horse-balms, 1179 bid 323
Horsebean, 727 identata,
Horsebrier, 313 caribaea, 322
Horsebriers, 311 Collieri, 322 —
Horse-eane, 1300 coronaria, 323
Io hestn ut, 822 crassifolia, 32:
H ntian 273 humilis,
Horse-gold, <eyensis, 3
Horse-mint | <imballiae, 323
orse-mints, 1163, 1171 laciniata, 323
Horse-nettle, 1114 occidentalis, 323
Horseradish, 558 E. 324
Horseradish-tree, 578 rotatum, 324
SOENE EE -TREE FAMILY, tridentata, 323
Hymenopappus, 1462
Horse- ‘sorrel, 446 Hymenoxys, 1458
Horse-sugar, 35 Hy pelate, 829
Horsetail-tree, 402 H IYPERICACEAE, 866
Horse-weed, 1397, 1498 HYPERICALES, 864
Hosackia, 637 Hypericum, 8
Hottonia, 1023 acutifolium, 870
ips weed, 1300 adpressum, 87
Hound's-tongue, 1122, 133 ambiguum, 871
Houstonia, 1253 apocynifolium, 871
angustifolia, 1256 aspalathoides, 872
caerulea, 1254 aureum, 872
canadensis, 1255 Buckleyi, 873
ciliolata, 1255 canadense, 870
filifolia, 125 cistifolium, 871
lanceolata, 1255 dens iflorum, 873
longifolia, 1 denticulatum, 870
minima, 1255 olabriforme, 871
minor, 1255 Mete Po, 872
montana, 12; alio
procumbens, 1255 aa pallidum, 871
pulvinata, 1256 nd 71
purpurea, 1255 i eolen 1
pusilla, 125 Enan. 870
rotundifolia, 1255 lobocarpum, 813
serpyllifolia, 1254 culatum, 873
tenuifolia, 125 rpari um, 868
Huckleberries, 1007, 1012 Mitch ellianum, 873
Huckleb mutilum, 870
Bear, 1008 myrtifo liu um, 872
Black, 1008 nudiflorum, 871
Box, 10 opacum, 87
Dwarf, 1009 perforatum. 873
Jerusalem, 1010 pilosum, 87
Tree, 1010 prolificum, 873
Winter, 1010 pseudomaculatum, 873
HUCKLEBERRY FAMILY, punctatum, 872
006 setosum, 870
Hudsonia, 880, 881 sphaerocarpum, 871
Hugeria, 1017 splendens, 872
Hulver, 815 subpetiolatum, 872
Humulus, 436 E 8T
Hungarian-grass, 85 virg 870
Hungary-root, 960 Hypos aeris 1488
Huntsman’s-cup, 581 Hypopitys, 988, 989
Huntsman’s-horn, 852 Hypoxis, 316
Hyacinth- bean, 726 Curtissii, 317
Hydatic a, 596 decumbens, 317
Hydrangea. 597 erecta, 31
HYDRANGEA FAMILY Y, 596 grandis, 317
uta, 317
juncea 318
leptocarpa, 317
micrantha, 317
317
ilis, 31T
Wright 318
B 1186, 1181
Sop,
Hy BLUE Ett 70
Hystrix, 138
RE 380
vernale, 381
zyridifolium, 381
Icacorea, 1
Ichthyomethia, 711
Ile 13,
285
BS
E
%
Dahoon, 8
decidua, 815
pd ie hide Curtissii, 815
814
6
verticillata, ee
vomito
eer 533. 534, ids
Ily nthe: s, 1194, 1195
195
abet ens, 753
mperata, 3
India-rubber plant, 439
Indian- e ee ae
ndian-bez
ndian cucumber root, 305
ndian-curran 273
ndian-dye, 5
nn. elm, 441
ndian-grasses, 47
ndian- licorice, 743
ndian-mallow, 848, 850
ndian- ie ebay S47
ndian- stard, 563
ndian Dunt brush, 1224
ndian-physic, 536
ndian-pink, 10-
NDIAN-PIPE FAMILY, 957
988
idian-pipes, f
auralata, 349
INDEX
aurilinea, 353
hifurcata, 345
[E chr y solopha, 350
350
e citric r ist: ita, 353
eitriviola, 345
cristata, 331
erocinubia, 341
cuprea, 337
cy: ani ani tha, 344
lephantina, 352
luviatilis, 353
us SCivenosa,
gentilliana, 345
georgiana, 356
ziganticaerulea, 352
an neipet: 2 346
purpuriss sata, 340
py Suc 339
rosilutea, 342
rosipurpurea, 343
rubea, 338
se sehizolopha. č 351
Shi
1531
=
E
=
p
o
SÉ
w
E:
olivenosa 1, 239
I
n
-
D
le!
4
aS
&
~
3"
c
ee.
a €
TERETE
-
= =
: &
>
Kad
z
=
2
t
c
LD
e =
=
E -
~ +d ow
— 7
=
7
=
T
talían- ‘clematis s, 526
Italian- clover, 685
Italian-jessamine, 1044
Italian rye-grass, 136
Itea, 600
Iva, 1297, 1298, 1299
Jack-in-the- pulpit 246
acksonbrier,
Jacquemontia, 1089, 1089
Jaequinia, 1028
Jagged-chickw pd 500
Jamaica caper-tree, 577
=
>p
9
“hehehehe!
SSpes
dA
5
erusalem- “artichoke, 1440
Jerusalem-corn, 47
Jer Mrd huckleberry,
10
youd ices bri 466
Jerusalem orn, 666
Spanis sh, 1044
Yellow, 1045
1532
Jew- Rs
e
o
Bi
á
[e]
o
c
i|
> oO
z'u
m 0
c
"i
-
j=)
©
D
Ca Cd Q Cad Cad Cad Conj Cand Cad Cad ©
~
E
-
Z
Saige
B
»
Ie
v
A
©
e
uminatus, 286
acuminatus debilis, 286
latus, 285
dichotomus, 284
diffusissimus, 286
gymnoc arpus, 283
inter rior, 284
arginatus, 285
me acephalus, 285
polycephalus, 285
s, 284
ifidus, 28
trigonocarpus, 286
vali e
J une-bear,
. uneberries, E
June-grass,
r, 10
: U NIPERAC ‘EAE,
i e S
Jussiaea, 944, 945
A cia, 1231
Jutes, §
Poo 588
Kallstroemia, 755
Ralmia, “999, 1000
niella 1000
186
Kentucky eee 130
Kentucky coffee-tree, 665
INDEX
699
+ 1 pee :
ltuckv-Wwistcrid,
N ras
Kickxia, ‘i208, 1209
Kidney-bean, 724
Kidney-leaf buttercup, 521
King-cup, 511
949
br evistipata, 949
fr uticosa, 9;
è 9:
950
a )08
nuda, 1172
pauciflora, 1174
ipee. 1173
py cnanthemoides, 1174
verticillata, 11 173
virginica, 117
Koniga, 565
Korycarpus, 1
27
Kosteletzkya, 859, 860
=
TJ
d
ys 08
i
zB
rugs. "holly,
(
Kyllinga, 154, 155
Lace-gr: 25
p Ahnar inthe es, 358
See
Lac pes aulon, 255, 256,
Laci iota: 1331
aspera, 1334
oykinii, 1333
ea rinata,
gr ac cilis, 13
graminifolia, 13
Hell 334
laxa. T334
macilenta,
99
mic rocepliala, la: >
ash-h«
asiac is. 1 ŠI
sasiococcus,
rel,
AU de T UE Y,
999
E els,
rel,
JAN ay E,
mium, 1157 ive 11 58
janceleaf-v iolet, 891
4ancewood, 922
nae 562
uanguas, 360
antana, 1141, 1142
apithea, 1051, 1051
üappule 22, 1125
Jarge-bucekeye, ira
uarge-cane, 139
ET S14
4ark-h che k p
aarksp
sarge- toothed aspen,
Q8
ate-blaekberr 32
athyrus, 741, 742
sattice-leaves, 384
un Bae 920
980
41
1008, 1009
ry, 621
De
INDEX 1533
Mountain, 999 striata, 737 amoena, 1293
Sheep, 1000 Stuvii, 738 Boykinii, 1295
rild, 1035 texana, 738 bracteata, 1294
saurel-oak, 428 violacea, 738 brevifolia, 1293
uaurel-tree, 922 virginica, 739 Canbyi, 1295
Laurocerasus, 651, 651 Tesquerélia, 555, 556 :'ardinalis, 1292
avauxia, 95 ,eSsser-spearwort, 521 € "liffortiana, 1295, 1295
zead-plants, 688 Lettuce, elongat 293
Lead-tree, 655 Prickly, 1497 Feayana, 1295
4JEADWOR'T Bart. Y, 1020 Wild, 1498 flaccidifolia, 1294
,eadworts, 10 Lettuces, 1497, 1498 floridana, 1294
n -cups, 1407. Lettuce-saxifrage, 596 Gattingeri, 1294
,eafless-vanilla, 37 Leucaena, 655 glandulifera, 1293
,eafv-vanilla, 37 ,eucanthemum, 1469, 1470 glandulosa, 1294
zeatherbark, 919 LEUCOJACEAE, : 5 homophylla, 1295
eather-flowers, 526 rp udin 71 inflata, 1295
,eather-leaf, 1000 Leucospora, 196. 1197 le eptostachys, 1295
,eatherwood, 812, 915 ,eucothoe, i001. 1001, 1002 Nuttallii, 1295
veavenworthia, 569, 570, ] ,everwood, 416 paludosa, 1594
576 iatris, 1333 puberula, 12€
Let , 653 jcorice- vine, 745 iphilitiea, 1293
Lechea, 88 Afe-plant, 589 spicata, 12€
cernua, S83 Agnum-vitae, 155 ralapensis, 1295
Deckertii, S84 igusticum, 972 OBELIACEAE, 1291
divaricata, 883 Agustrum, 104: JOBELIA FAMILY, 1291
exserta, 883 lae, 1038 oblolly-bay, S77
Leggettii, 883 Alaeopsis, 972, 973 woblolly- oe ia 935
maritima, 883 ALIACEAE, 290 oblolly-p
minor, 882 4ILIALES, 273 socusts, 599"
myriophylla, 884 alians, 292 Locust-berry, T56
patula, 882 uilies, 291, 362 L 9i ust-tree, 7
prismatica, S82 Lilium, 290, 291 an F AMILY, 1044
racemulosa, 883 ALY FAMILY, 290 P 35, 136, 136
tenuifolia, SS2 Aly-leaf sedge, 236 pipes -poplar, 41
Torreyii, 88 Lily-of-the-valley, 301 sonicera, 1274, 1275, 1276
villosa 2 JL LY-OF-THE-VALLE ps ahaa pi >, 4
icul: 235 “AMILY, 29 song 268
Leersia, 89, 90, 9 Th 201 one pod Poppy, 548
,eiphaimos, 1056 lle 292 Long-root,
zeiophyllum, 993 Lima- bean, 124 song-spur orchids, 371
eitneria, 407, 408 Lime, ,ong-spurred violet, 893
4EITNERIACEAE, 407 Lime berry, 760 song-straw pine, 4
4EITNERIALES, 407 LIMNANTHACEAE, 753 JOOSESTRIFE FAMILY, 928
emna, 249, 250, 250 ee mum, 14056, 1057 ;oosestrife,
pon 248 Amnobium, 29 Whorled, ae
emon, 761 simnodea, 104 wW eee M
semon. "balm, 1166 Limod orum, 376, 377, 377 Loosestrif 7 30, 1023,
,emon-vine, 89$ monium, 1021, 1021 10 94
,entil-tare, 740 JINACEAE, T49 Muri 1158
,eonotis, 115! ainaria, 1207, 1208, 1208 ;ophila, 35
E. 1496, 1496 LINDEN Po 840 LOBO E 22
,eonurus, 8, 1159 Lindens, 842 ,0pseed, 1145
pag ET ndera, 924 JOPSEED FAMILY, 1145
,eopard-oak, 42$ Linn, 750 JORANTHACEAE, 1247
cu E 1414 Linum, 750, 752 aost camellia, S7
ena, 797 Lion’s-ears, 1159 otus, 686, 687
p a anthes, 399. 1: 500 Lion's-foot, 1490, 1492 otus, 0
,epidium, 554, 555 Liparis, 386, 387 LOTUS FAMILY, 539
eptamnium, 123€ Jpocarpl 140 ouseworts, 1224
,eptandra, i209 Lippia lar iceolata, 11j sovage, 972
,eptilon, 1396, 1397 4 quidambar. 601 sove-apple, 1116
,eptocehloa, 118, 119, 719 Liriodendron, 536 OVE-STASSES, 122
,eptoglottis, 656, 651 Listera, 378 40ve-v rine, 925
,eptoloma, 52 Lithococca, 1133 ,ove-vines, 1092
Leptorchis, 386 Athophila, 478 LOW- bindweed. 1090
se] b a 591 Lithospermum, 1125, 1126 ,ow hop-clover, 686
Lespedez Atrisa, 13: ,ow-Juneberry, 636
aneustirolla. 739 Attle-blue-stem, 44 ,ow-mallow, S51
bicolor, 739 Attle-shag- bark, 406 ,ow-maple, 825
eapitata, 739 Attle-stagger weed, 550 ow-rose, 630
frutescens, 738 jve-leaf, 585 wow spear-grass, 130
irta, 73! uive-oak, 426, 427 ,ucerne, 382
longifolia, 739 Aver-leaf, 516 auck-bean, 665
neglecta, 739 dM PANES 399 Lucuma, 1032
Nuttalli, 738 Azard's-tail, 400 udwigia, 941
procumbens, 138 JOASACEAE, so H alata, 943
epens, 738 JOASA FAMILY, 897 alternifolia, 942
Sm vata, 738 ,obelia, 1291 capitata, 943
1534
Curtissii, 943
94
Bb AMPIA 943
sphaerocarpa, 943
dui yr 943
2
Ludwigiantha, 941
Luffa, 12
i
aA
5
28
[^]
SEG
PEDE
c
mn
2
bo
zu
mn
=
3
A
uythrum, 930, 931, 931
Macartney-rose, 628
Macbridea, 1155
Maclura,
Macradenis. 395
Ma acranthera, 1212
Macuillamia, 1187
MADDER FAMILY, 12
, 1212
A-VIN E FAMILY,
MAGNOL IA FAMILY, 533
MAGNOLIACEA E 533
469
M Iaic I-Marian, 925
Maize 38
332
53
Malac 'hodendron, 87 6
Malachra, 852
INDEX
Malapoena, 923
Malaxis, 386, 386
Mallotonia, 1130
MALL LOW FAMILY, 846
MALPIG
Malus, 633, 63 qi
Malva, 851
eine i
ha
MANATEE-GRASS FAMILY, 18
Manchineel, 79
Mandrake,
Manfreda 8
Mangifera, 808
Mango,
Mangrove, 93
lack, 1145
Red, ba
934
MANG E a 3 AMILY, 938
un ihot,
1086
nas ^ flow ered ms wort,
LE FAMILY, 823
Maples, 82 2 „524, 825
Mappia,
Maranta, 36
MA aa. 361
Marbled- alumroot, 593
Mariana
Marigolds, 46
Marilaunidium, 1098
Marine- 839
ifolia, 145
anyustijotia na aie,
graminifolia, 1456
grandiflor 1457
laciniarioides, 1456
ad 145
obov , 14
one e tenet
1457
ramosa, 1457
trinervia, 1
Williams onii, 1 )
] '*$, 1021
Marsh nae John’s s-Worts, 875
i 1 ike- ss, 128
TR 722
ia nia, 2
1244
MARTYNIACEAE, 1243
Maruta, 1468
Marv E of- peru, 481
, 1032
Matrimony- vines, 1117
Mat-rush, 170
Maxillaria, 1500
Mayaca, 251
MAYACACEAE, 250
May-apple, 544
MAY-APPLE FAMILY, 543
May-cherries, 635
h May flower, 1005
May- od Pc
May- -po
M: aytenus, SIS. 819
92
Mead fed -buttereup, 522
Meadow- oe 100
Meadow-gold, 522
Mea dou LASTES, 122, 131
Meac ow-hyacinth, 292
Meadow-leek, 289
Meadow- SUIDA EE 981
Meadow-phlox
Meadow- queen, 608"
Meadow-rues,
Meadow-s spire, "60 8
Meadow- 610
Meadow- Sundrops, 949
Meadow- xad eet, 608
Meadow-sweets, 610
Meac m olet, 889
Mecardonia, TiS 9, 1190
Medeo 30
MOS 1027
MC E 682, 682
eehania, 1154
Meg-man\ feet, 522
Meibomia, 131
cuminat: ae 732
arenie ola
ar A ola ’ polymorpha,
TERME osa, 734
735
canad DN 735
canesc 733
Capaian, T34
ciliaris, 735
glabella, 73
ra, de
pebecled "a, 733
paniculata, T34
culata Chapmanii,
pani
21]
paue ifi ora, 732
ae 733
puben
nuroaes. T 35
rhombifolia, (34
rigida, 735
sessilifolia. 733
stricta, d
supina,
tenuifolia, 133
1225, 1225
Melanthera, 1419, 1420,
20
MEL E ER 273
Melanthium, 280 |
Mus eek oe 925
765
23
Mesade nia, 1475. 1416, 147
383
Mes: adenus,
Mesosphaer AT 1 180
Micrampelis,
ire 1196
Micranthes, 595, 596
Micromeria, 1168
Micropiper, 400
Micropteryx, 716
Micropyxis, 1026
Microstylis, 386
Midas’-ears, 245
ds 82
Mika 1328
Mild A s -pepper, 457
Milfoils, 1466
-
Milk- -peàs, (18
Milk-purslane, 797
Milk- DE “1484
Milk-t rf
Milkweed, Ca anion: 1070
'oke, 10
Purple, rin
Swamp, 1070
MILKWEED FAMILY, 1064
Milkweeds, 1067
MILK WORT 2:13 165
Miller's-maid,
Milo, 41
MIMOSA FAMILY, 652
MIMOSACEAE, 652
Mimosa, 651
Mimulus, 1197, 1198
Mimusops, Er 1035
Minnie-bush, 999
Minnow- fole, 250
Mint,
Dog, 1169
INDEX
Morse, 1164
Mis d e-ciietus, 913
Mock-or range, 438, 541, 598,
651, 1034
Mock-pennyroyal, 1165
Mock- we Tr 612
Modiola, 848,
Moni e
0
Momisia, 443, 443
Momordica 12 84, 1285
Monanthochloe, 119
Monarda, 1163, 1164
Monkey-apples, 865
Monkey-flowers, 1157, 1159
Monkshoods, 515
Monniera, 1187, 1189
MONOTROPACEAE, 987
Monotropa, 988
MORINGACEAE, 8 —
M. rning- pea OUT 1084
orning-glory, 1083
MORNING -GLORY FAMILY,
080
Mc did ae) p 052
Moro ur .65 6,
Moru
Mosquito plant, 1181
Mos s-ph dox, 1102 —
Mountain- ash, 622 517
Mountain-ash, 632
Mountain- asphodel,
87
Mountain- bugba 13
Mountain- elis do
Mountain-cinquefoil, 613
Mountain-clematis, 52
Mountain-coconut, 1250
Mountain-er ranberry,
Mou ntain meadow-rue, 524
Mountain meadow-sweet,
untain-min
Mo oread. 36
Mountain-phlox, 1104
Mountain-pine, 6
Mountain- -pink, 1102
Mountain-ramp, 285
uud rose, 460
Mountain rose-bay, 998
Mountain St. Jolin's s-wort,
ST
AM sandwort, 499
Mo untain-saxi re, 596
Mountain-stonecrop, 587
Mountain-stuartis , S16
Moun tain-sumac,
=
-
~
Moun! ain thimble-weed,
7
Mountain water-cress, 568
Mountain-v vinterberry, 815
Mouse-ear, 501, 1161
Mouse-ear chic kw a 500
Mouse-ear cres 61
Mouse-tail,
Mucuna, 717, 11
Mud-babies, 21
Mud-plantains, 266
Muc 1- purs slane, 866
248
Sehr reberi, 99
MA RP a, 98
sylvatica, 99
tendifora, 98
trichopodes, 99
Mulgedium,
Mullen,
1498
Woolly, 1199
A ier etat 11 98
Muskmelòn, oF
Musk-rose, 62
Moder ‘root, 975
Mustards, 562
MUSTARD FAMILY, 551
, 1124
,934
Myrtle-of-the-River, 938
d rtles, 1059
My rile Spurge, 801
Nabalus, 1490
albus, 1491
altissimus, 1491
asper, 1492
crepic idineus,
RTT 14
NAIAD FAMILY, ^u
Narrowleaf- ees 579
NARTHECIACEAE, 287
Nash’s-vi burnum, 1272
Nassau-jessamine, 1044
DIT
epeta, 115 4, 115
INDEX
ptunia, 657, 658
, 431
Nettle-lea a guosetoot,
464
Nettle-patch,
Nettles, 432
Nettle-trees, 442
Neubeckia, 330, 331
Never-wet,
Neviusia, 62 i
New-Jersey tea, 833
New- Zealand spinach, 493
Nevraudia, 12(
Nicandra, 11
Nickers, 667
Nicotiana, 1119, 1120
Nigger-coffee, 66
Nigger-coffees, 66
Nigger-head, 1428
Nigger-teats, 142
Night-blooming cereus, 914
Night- blooming jessamine,
Nighte aps , O17
Night- "ds. ering catchfly,
507
d MEE ae
mble- kate, 288
oddi ing- caps, 378
odding-etterca 378
odding- mandarin, 299
odding-nixie, 363
S
orta, 60
orthern- bayberry, .A09
orthern-hemlock, 7
a n prickly- -ash, 158
o-st Mu
ot thol "us
otoscordum,
541
289, 290
)
Y MPHAEACEAE, 540
» 540
PA 42
chartaceae, 541
flava, 543
fluviatili
Nymphoides, ‘1056, 1057
Nyssa, 956, 957
NYSSACEAE, 956
Oakesiella, 299, 300, 1500
er we m 'drangea, 501
fepe MEN 1156
Obione, 468, 468
Obolaria, 1055, 1056
Oceanoros, 278
Ocimum, 1181
ou 1019
Ocotea, 92
( jc tober flow
Ooa 48°. 483
ee eet stephana, 1076, 1077
orless wax- myrtle, ta
Oenothera, 946, 948, 94
Okeechobee gourd, 1287
Okenia,
Okra, Bo:
OLACACE i. 50
0 .denlandia, 1253
Old-field clover, 685
O
Old-man ur 597
O s-be: uos 525, 1041
10
IILY, 910
Oligoneuron, 1: 360, 1361
933
Vild, 1032, 1041
( ahs Fasc, 1037
Oly
Or raora Em
One idium, 396, 397, 397
One-berr 442
One-flowe e uo 1019
( Y,
(
(
(
NION F AM 288
88
hopordum, 1483
nos p , 1126, 1127,
UM 1082, 1085
Ophrys, 378
Opium-poppy, 548
popanax, 654
DL Sun w ood, 1036
Opulaster, 606, 607
Mors Qs
ati oct
)5
y ucotric hi b 910
isciformis, 903
Ponca: 905 )
polycarpa, f
INDEX 1537
stricta, 909 Palmetto-w ed -a-stem, 240 ensifolium, 78
tenuiflora, 908 PALM FAMILY, 236 epilifolium, 80
Tracyi, 902 Ser po 398 equilaterale, 80
tunoidea, 909 Pan 95 erectifolium, TT
turbinata, 910 a AN 13 fasciculatum, 69
turgida, 905 Panic-grasses, 60 filiculme, 76
zebrina, 910 ud 131 filiforme, 52
OPUNTIACEAE, 897 utiflora, 131 flavovirens, 78
oo ee '896 ne a 132 flexile, 6t
Orach, elongata, 132 fuscum, 69
Orach = 467 fluitans, 131 fusiforme, 72
Orange-bell lily, 291 grandis, 132 Gattingeri, 70
Orange-cup lily, 291 melicaria, 132 geminatum, 68
range-grass, 87 nervata, 132 gibbum, 82
pea au pium, T obtusa, 131 glabrifolium, 78
range rein- orchid, 314 pallida, 132 plabrissimum, 78
Orange root, 51 septentrionalis, 131 glabr ru" mo!
Orbexilum, 692, 1593 striata, 132 Go
Orchard-grass, 129 Panicum, 60 PAIS 78
ORCHID..-EAE, 363 acieulare, 73 gymnocarpon, 81
ORCHIDALES, 362 aculeatum, 79 halophilum, 70
ORCHID IR 363 Addisonii, T7 oe n,
rchis, adspersum, 6€ hians, 71
bea a pm agrostoides, 71 n nS 16
Origanum, 1170 albemarlense, 16 Joorii, 80
Ormenis, 1467 albomarginatum, fini jancearium, 79
Orobanche, 1238 amaroides, TO anuginosum, 75, 76
OROBANCHACEAE, 1238 Sigs aia 10 atifolium, 80, 81
rontium, 24 amarum, 70 laxiflorum, 72, 72
Ornithogalum, 293 amarum, TO leucophaeum, 50
ORPINE p 585 anceps, 71 Lindheimeri, 75
rac (hne, 95 angustifolium, 72 linearifolium, T2
Orzya, annulum, E ongifolium, 71
( p M 438 arenicola, ongiligulatum, 75
Osiers, 412 arenivoloides, 73 lucidum, 74
smanthus, 1043 Ash macrocarpon, SO
Osmia, 1319, 1320 atlanticum, 16 malacon, 16
Osmorrhiza, 968 malacophyllum, 79
( Stry dii i outa nde. 52 manatense, 80
Oswe 64 Baldwinii, 78 mattamuskeetense, T4
( nee gooseberry, 779 barbinode, 68 maximum, 70
tophylla, 1222 barbulatum, 74 meridionale, 76
vercup-oak, 42? barbulatum, 73 microcarpon, 7:
OXALIDACEAE, 745 bartowense, 6! miliaceum, 69
Oxalis, 74 Bergii, 7( molle, 68
Ox-eye daisy, 1470 Bicknellii, 13 mutabile,
Ox-e 17 md _80 Nashianum, 79
rybaphus, 488 br nemopanthum, 73
Oxycoceus, 1017, 1018 caerulesceni, T74 M m, 73
xydendrum, 1002 capillare, 69 nitidum, 73, 75
Oxypolis, 985, 9 chamaelonche, 78 nudicaul e, 73
Oxypteryx, 1072 Chapmani, 68 octonodum, 15
Oxytria, 293 chrysopsidifolium, 72 oligosanthes, 79
Oyster-plant, 262, 1488 ciliatum, 72 ovale, 16, 80
ciliifer a 29 oviu T
Pachysandra, 806 ciliosur paludivagu m, 68
Pachystima, 81 clandestinum, 80 arvispiculum, 75
Padus, 650, 650, 651, 651 Clute paspaloides, 68
Paederia, 126 in. 52 a 78
Paepalanthus, 257 colonum, '83 patulu 19
Pagoda-bells, 298 columbianum, TT Duc TUN. 75
Pagoda-cornel, 958 Combsii, 71 philadelphicum, 70
Painted-cup, 1224 Commonsianum, 77 polyanthes, 77
Painted-lady, 308 commutatum, 80 )olyeaulon, 72
^?ninted-leaf, 803 coneinium, 78 )ortoricense, 78
Painted- to eee 308 condensum, 71 )roliferum, 69
Paint-root, 35 consanguineum, 72 prostratum, 69
"alafoxia, 1403 Crus-galli, 83 )seudanceps, T1
-ale-corydalis, 551 cryptanthum, .80 rseudopubescens, 76
-ale-dock, 447 cu oliu TT pubescens, 7
-ale- hickory, 40 Cicadas. 74 pyriforme, 1o
'ale Indian- DEOR 1476 Cuthbertii, TS Ravenelii, 79
ale meadow-beauty, 925 depauperatum, 71 repens, 70
Pale-persicaria, 456 dichotomum, 7 reptans, 69
Pale-spikerush, 162 dictotomiflorum, 69 rhizomatum, 71
Pale touch-me-not, 753 igitarioides, 8 roanokense, 74
Palma-Christi, 792 a a 81 rostratum, 71
Palmettos, 239 Earlei sanguinale, 51
97
1538
scabriusculum, 79
scoparium, 79
Seribnerianum, T9
tenue, an
M 71
villosissimum, T6
virgatum,
d red br eviramosunm,
y Ebor 2m T da
wilmingtonense,
W pene
xalapense, 72
ranthospermum, 16
yadkinense, 74
"APAYAC ‘EAE, 894
PAPAYA FAMILY, ” 894
aper- mulberry, 438
;appoose-root, 545
6
Parrot pi ite her- plant, 581
^ irrot! s- P ther, 955
'arsle
-arsley- haw,
44
Parsley- imd thorn, 644
s14
Parson- in- -the- ‘pulpit,
'"ursonsia, 931, 932
,arthenium, 1418 ;
'arthenocissus
-artridge- berry,
artridge-pea, 663
idge 662
1430
Pa Pa Pa PP Po
blepharophyllum, 58
Blodgettii, 57
Boscianum, 60
caespitosum, 5S
Chapmanii,
Hun. 58
circulare, 59
Con JuLA Cum. t
Curtisianum, 59
dasyphyllum, 58
det p
oF
giganteum, 3
glaberrimum, 59
grac paar nm 51
lii
60
itio fim. 58
axul DS
entiferum, 59
ividui
58
onzepedunen u atum,
M E
~
>"
ED
scrobiculatum. An
ceun
solitarium, "58
v aginatum,
d aseyanum,
PASSIFLO )RALES, 894
ver ssion- flower, 895
SION-FLOWER FAMILY,
895
895
-aurotis, 242
Avonia, 853, 853, S54
awp: iW- apple, 529
'awpaws, 529, 530, 532
'eade api ` dock, 44
6-
d 2
550
cari- harlequin,
S6
350
id 497
"ei ir Iy- ever le BD
d,
ri ae
dent) Tw sts
DAE
edici laria, 5
'ediculari 1224
redilanthus, )
ediomelum, 693, 694
"iranisia, 661
FPelexia, 284
nicilla S6
r DN 950
enni 86
1165,
Penns ros: ub
in y 10 56
1402
1167
„H
"epperworts » 066
Srami ar 38 384
'erennia garden phlox,
1 105
Perennia ata
Pereskia, sos S98
Perilla, 117
Periploc: 1005
1466
)22
Periw inkle, 1060
Periwinkles, 1059
Perizoma, 1116
E Perona
Persea, 921, 922
pen lasa
915
ou ^ A56
de msiflorum, 456
hirsuta, T
a a 45
P ue 457
incarnatum, 456
us Er dd
longistyla
mississippiens sis, 456,
Muhlenbergii, 455
2€ 45
pennssivaniea, 456
Per sicari a, 45
carne us, 696
Pha 92
Phanopyr um, ar
Eu s ne ,1083, 1084
P ho oe . 723
adenanthus
a
VI
a
perennis,
po ine T
pauciftorus, ee
atus, 723
smitacifotius 724
ulg
P heasant flow. e
Pheasant
y
Phyllanthus,
Physalis,
INDEX
ae tella, 1006 ^
OA
04
stolonifera, 1104
ea ata, 1102
>
Annual Garden, 1104
adoy EL
Mou tam.
EE nial Garden, 1105
, 110
10
PHLOX F AMILY, 1099
ea ESA 1441,
Phoer 2:
Phor adendr on, 1 241 i,
1442
238, 23%
TTT,
7 r
1107
ELT
angulata, 110
angustifolia, 1112
arenicola, 10
harhadensis, 1109
1109
8
func op at 1111
heterophylla, 1111
intermedia, 1110
Lagascae,
lanceolata, 1109
lanceolata, 1
mosse
mollis, 1111
monticola, 1110
nyctaginea , 1111
pruino. sa,
)des,
DAL DUE. 606
485,
PHYTOL ACC. ACE AE, 48:
Piaropus, 267, 268
Picea, 6, 7
P Ei a 7 EED FAMILY,
265
-icker el w Mats 266
ilostaxis, TT
Pimpernel, 1026
2
NALES, 2
n- cherry, 649
nek ney a,
ne-hyacinth, 528
neland. ginseng, 1418
ne-lily, 2t
ne- nevales,
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
7 NEAPPLE Past, 265
»
»
»
: T45
»
»
»
>
nguicula, “1232, 12 232
ACE
INK 4X,
"ink fringe orchid, 371
ink lady-slipper, 367
ink mar ish- spurrey, 502
Pink meadow- spirea, 608
Pink-root,
West Indian, 1046
Pink shell- azalea, 999
Pink- sundew,
Bust al s, 3
australis, 4, 5
caribae:
clau usa,
Ld
epi
Po
~
ej
RE
—
26 $
uc
m
^
UE
palustris
uid ae * M
rigida, 4,
1540
serotina, 4, 5
Strobus, 6 :
dA Aow er, 995
400
þad ha Shor
nac EAE, 400
PIPERALES , 399
-ipewort, 225
-ipeworts, 257
Pipsissewas,_ 990
B
n
o
2
LE
EN
|
9, 490
ISONTACEAB, 489
tche
Pitcher: ae 58
Pire "HER-PLANT FAMIL X.
cher- -plants, 580
Pitch: -pine, 4, 6
Pithecolobium, 652
544
PLANE. TREE FAMIL X.
Plane-trees, 604
Planera, 441
PLANTAGINACE Ae 1244
PLANTAGINALE dcs 244
Plantago, 1: 044. 1245, 1240,
1
247
PLANTAIN FAMILY, 1244
Plantain- leaf sedge, 216
604
Platter-leaf, 461
Platypus, 395, 395
Pleea, 275
Pleient
Ple
Pleurothallis, 320, 399
Pluchea, 139 8
( a, 1
0
688.
annua,
arachnifera, 130
autumnalis, 130
brachyphylla, 130
brevifolia, 130
INDEX
Chapmaniana, 130
compressa, 130
; 3
584
n- ivy, 8 9.
ak, 80
Pois 08
Poke- milked 1070
ro kes, 485
POKEWEED FAMILY, 483
n 2 516
Pole-be:
Polecat, a EE. 1142
Polecat-tree, 832
POLEMONIACEAE, 1099
POLEMONIALES, 00
Polemonium 110
Polycarpon, 50 03.9
ODE rro 1011,
,
brevitolia 1
arteri, 774
Chapman, 770
cruciata ramosior, 771
cumulicola,
Curtiss
gr ard
gran difora kodn 766
Harperi, 771
Hooke keri, T 71
Lew do
lutea Th
marian: 1, 771
miamie ns sis, 767
a
praetervisa
Pretzii, 772
1
-1
Cie pnp
verticillata, 7
viridescens, 7
POLYGALALES, 7
Peas ae 3, 76
a]
o
a
a
or
- 9
-
as
IZ
ele
c
fon)
-1
p
i Inr
-1
cl
Polygonatum, 300
I eae 449, 449, 450,
45
'olygonum, 452, 453, 458
Pone 1406, 1407
Polymniastr um, 1406
Polypogon, 103, 103
Polypremum, 1047
Polypteri y
Polyrrhize
Polystachya, 393, 393
olytaenia,
Pomegranate, 2
POMEGRANATE FAMILY, 93
Poncirus, 760
P epee 533
Pond-bush, 923
d-cypress, 9
-lilies, 542
P ond-ru Sh,
,15
Pondwee es 16
PONTEDERIAC EAE, 265
Ponthieva, 379, 380, 380
Po aL mosses,
Poor-man’s Bn hes, 897
Poor-man’s pepper, 555
Poor- "os s weather-glass,
POOT- robin’ S T 1494
opine
Poplar- leave haw, 642
Poplars,
BOB, 6
POPPY FAMI 546
Poppy- mallows, '852
b 410, 411, 411, 412,
orcu upi inegra ES 9T
angustifolius, 17
australis, 26
Curtissii, 17
diversifolius, 18
epihydrus, 17
oridanus, 16
He
folio
heterophyllus, 17
pennsylvanicus,
OTAT
Potato-tree,
Peren ae 610, E 611,
stër luni 614
-otherb-mustar d,
-overty-grass,
Poverty-pine
Poverty-wee d, 140
Prairie-
Prairie- bio
?rairie-orchid,
de uad ed rd
Donnie S,
-sida 850
"im,
-*rimroses, i
-RIMULACE "es 102
SRIMULAL ES, 1020
Prince'
"rince's s-pine,
Prince’ s- plume, 457
1042
P ssion- flower,
y
"
Z
=]
tj
>
SES
>
-€-
z
m
le
t
<
©
cuneata, 649
563
36
| ;overty-gr asses, 94
a thalia, 36
12
$1 3
Prairie-meadow-sweet, 610
370
^r bored ,4t
-rickle-weed, 656
-rickly-apples, 915
Prickly-ash, 758, 960
?rickly-bur, 42
ric Me ee
10
Sens * uon 1022
9
p^
s-feather, 457
168
Psilor herm: 1,
INDEX
geniculata, hor 9
hortulana,
649
Aortulana Mineri, 649
648
injucunda,
Psoralea
1
4
]
americana
bituminosa, 692
Canero 694
gracilis,
L acus
VA ea CIS “Rowlee, 692
g
] a 1360, 1261
telea,
^?terocaulon
MOD MT
911,
^?ueraria, 12
e-fringe ©
Ñ
=
=
e
EI
£e
=
=
=
D
r4
Terr
Putty oot, “388
1
th ymus 1167
)
> 1
P EY “pipes, 98t
>
»
yxie, 1019
rrr
YXIE FAMILY, 1018
400
ter ophyton, 1443, 1 1444
E and- hol e back, 489
er, 94
LANE pom 493
Pussley, 49
Quack- gr ass, 136
Queen-of- the-night, 91
Jueens-root, T88
i 424
cinerea, 42
coccinea, on
coccinea- P dd 430
ligitata, 430
Durandi, à 426
f
myrtifo lia, 42 DT
205020 21010, 431
Ea ^ a: ad
Phellos
Phell e Boum da, 427
Phellos laurifolia, 428
platanoides, 425
prinoides, ra 6
42
pumila, 427
Rolfsii, 427
ubra, 430
ibra, 429
Schneckii, n
Shumardii, 429
sinuata, 426
stellata, 424
stellata Pa
succulenta, 427
i ia, 430
427
triloba, 430
SAA
1542
velutina, 430
virens,
virens denta
virens. neri dT
42
Rabbit-bells, 679
Rabbit-foot clov ver, 685
Rabbit's-pea, 106
Radicula, 556, 557
Radish, 565
Ragged- orchid, nin
Ragged-robin, 1485
tagwee
RAGWEED Fami ILY, 12$
Ragweeds, 1299, 1201.
Ragworts, 1478
Railr oad-vine, 2
, 947
Ram mp- 'scallions, 289
Ram’ s-horn, 1244
508
allegheniensis, 521
a n 21
apri 522
aquatilis, E 519
bulbos 522
deiphinifolius. 520
obtusiusculus, 521
palmatu
Do vidus E
parvulus, £
pennsylvanicus, 522
pusillus, 521
recurvatus,
^ 529
septentrionalis ae aa.
cus, 523
septentrionalis nitidus,
622
tener, 520
Durs SM 520
Rapanea, 102
Raphanus,
Rattles nake master, 318,
96
Rattlesnake- masters, 133
a dentata, 426
DU dinidnd minima, 426
co, 1403, 1405
INDEX
Rattlesnake-plantains, 384
tattlesnake-roots, 1490
Rattlesnake- weed, 1494
Rattle-top, 513
Rattle- vetch, 709
Rattle-weed, 676
Rayless-goldenrods, 1342
Red-alder, -419
Red-ash, 104
Re -baneberry, 513
ed-bay, 877, 922
20
-bells, [51
Rec berried elder, 1270
Red-birch,
tec n. es 804
82
ted- careless, 455
Red-cedar, 11
Red-chokeberry,
Red-clover, 686
635
Red-elm,
Red-gum, 601
Red-grap 37
ed-puceoon, 456
ed-raspberry, 621
ed-root, 355 T, 833
ec roots,
ed-shank, 833
e spider- lily, 321
e
ye ened doc k, 448
eed- Ben grasses, 106
ed canary-grass, 93
ed-grasses, 104, 107
Reed. maces
Reef- thatches, 241
Reimaria, 54
teimarochloa. 54
Rein-orchids, 373
Remirea, 187
Res
Rha 8
Rhapidophy lum,
TANY FAMILY,
Rheumatism: root,
Rhe exi
243
668
544
liformis, 927
floridana, 926
glabella, 927
lanceolata, 927
virginica, 927
hips lis, 913
Rhizophora, 93
RHIZOPHORACEAE, 9
RE EAE Dent 105
I ol
R hododendron, 997, 998,
Rho
ie M 121
thus, 2
Ashe 810
caroliniana, 810
, 810
-
_
jam
^
~
=
-
-
obtusifolia,
pumila, Pd
radicans, 809
eek 809
tuphina, 0
ee 809
Rhynchophorum, 401
1yne iosia, T13
caribaea
Le T14
menispermoide a, 714
Michauxii, 714
715
n llissima, 715
parvifolius, 713
reniformis, 714, 715
reticulata, 714
simplicifolia, 715
tomentosa os
En eee 9
Ribes, 6 P 2, er 3, 604,
Rib-gr ass, 1246
Rice, 89
Richardia, 1262
Richar 'dsonid, 1262
Richweed, "ed 1179
ticinus, 7
Ridan, 1 , 1445
Ridge-beech, 420
Riedlea,
>
"ers grape, 837
River-weed, 584
RIVER-WEED FAMILY, 584
Rivina, isi
tot
Road-grass, 16
Roadside thistle, 1483
oan-lil 91
ees 699
102
ME Elliettii, TOL
Kelseyi, 701
longiloba, 101
nana, 7
's-plantain, 1396
Is 5 14
l
tel
l
Iv
c
=
B
& zi 4
p^
-
oe
bo
[ro
fi
©
A
TON UN
9 mvto6óos
i ee
HEB 2a
né 1
ess, 587
Sses
1
AAA 551
uv
r aum VIL
Ls
j
c
AAC
LO a
5
©
E
q
»
¢
a
7
-
Ha
c
N^
Ho
Ü
»,
ese
FE zs E
5 1
RE
d.
z
7
É
£
= a
z
c
o
ooo
C C6 06
ZEE
©
A
zT
66
oF
e
S.
=
B
po
AS
m Aa
O
us
t,
ocket- larkspur, 515
ockets, 56
Roke- har eque 551
oke-l adie 50
a ik m
Roman- Wormwood, 1300
moe 098, 55
osa,
bracteata, 628
florid ina, “629
)30
obtusiuscula, 630
palustris, 629
rubifolia, 627
rubiginosa, 628
serrulata, 6 30
Rosa- de: Montana, 460
ROSA
ROSE FAMILY, 604
INDEX
R os se-leek a
Rose ip, 377
Rose. mallows, 854
Rosemary. Willow, 414
Rose- of- Sharo pU 857
Rose-w , 916
Rosin- ts,
Rosin-weeds, 1408, 1410
yet s ed-st
484
Rough- bedstraw, 1268
Rough-cinquefoil, 611
Rou zh- leaf cornel. 958
Rough- p meadow-
grass,
Rough- strongba ck, 112
Rough velvet-s seed, 12 59
Round-leaf orchid, 369
Roundleaf-sundew, 519
ROXBU ni) ACEAE, 309
ROXBURGHIA FAMILY, 309
Royal-j jessamine, 1044
)
38
Royal-poinciana, 666
3 S p
Kubber-plant, 439
Rubber-vine, 1062, 1063,
d 619
I
RUBIACEAE, 1251
cet de 1251
Rubus, 619
inen x
Pailey 29
betulifolius, 622
canadensis, 622
caro olin UE 621
L
ontiner talis 624
, 621
luci an , 624
v illosus, 621
Rudbeckia, 142
acuminata, 1425
alismaefolia, Ha
amplecten
24
heteropheila, 14241
hirta, 142
laciniata, 1424
ongipes, 1427
maxima, 142
1 424
palustris, 1425
pinnatiloba, 142
be aa 142
ericea, 1427
spathulata, 1425
speciosa 142
subiomentosa, 142 4
Sulliv 5
en: x,
triloba,
ia 26
triloba pinnatiloba, 14
triloba rupestris, 1j2 6
truncata, 1426
umbrosa, 1425
Rue, 757
Rue. A N 518
RUE AMILY, 756
LY
Running-oak, 427
R g strawberry -bush,
Ruppia, 15
Rush, 283
Featherling, 275
Grasses, 100
RUSH FAMILY, 281
Rushes, 281
Rushfoils, 784
Russelia, 1206
Russet-alder, 651
1544
Russet- orchid, 310
aldwinii, 182
brachychaeta, 183
caduca, 185
cu 180
Careyana, 179
178
cor du "mac rostach ya,
Curtis sii, 181
glomerata, 18
glomerata Pee , 131
E paniculata, 181
zr Hier
eptocarpa, 181
eptorhyncha, 182
macra, 180
macrostachya,
microcarpa, 18
cn aaa 181
186
d
milia
INDEX
Sabal, 239, 240, 240
Sabbatia, 1049
49
dodecandr a. „1090
abina. 1 1
SEDI. 498 498
Sacchar odendron, 824,
Saccharum, 3
Sas
S32
S
Sapittaria, 22
Pakia i 25
Chapmanii, 25
macroc arpa, 25
nc ui :
na
natans pus illa, 24
ornithorhvneha 25
platyphylla,
pene ag"
rigida, 25
stagnorum, 24
subulata, 24
eres, 2«
v ipa 25
vise 26
Sac or MALA EE AMILY, 1
279
tine- gras SS, 88
St. Eline: s-feathe
St. John’s-weed,
ST. coe S-WORT PIS.
r. 218
73
St. une S- N ue
St. Ma
St. PE "Sor
SALICACEAE. 4
SALICALES, 41
s 468, 468
Salix Ae
alb
AA 413
abylonica, 414
825
Chapmanii,
41
414
cordata, 4
lon gifolia, 415
longipes, 413
marginata, 41:
Q
»
missour iensis, 414
3
tr is stis
NIE
m stydis, 326
als 45
UN
ilt-marsh-gras
Salt-marsh m: Us. 85 9
Salt-marsh bulrush, 171
Salt-m: irsh umbrella-grass,
173
Salt-reed grass, 113
Saltwort, < 169, 486
Salv
—
^
an
E
102
Bac crest. 693
Sam hires. 468
SANDAL-WOOD r AMILY,
Sandbar-willow, 414
Sand-beans, 725
-blackberry 621
-blackjack, 430
Sand-burs, 86, 668
Sand-grape, 863
Sand-grass, 122
Sanc “er rasses,
1248
43, 107, 121,
and-mvrtles
and-myrties, 99.
-phl ox, d 103
59
Sanguinaria, 546
Sanguisorba, 614
Sanicles, 965
Sanicula, 965, 966
Sanidophyllum, 84
Sansevieria, 301
SANTALACEAE, 1248
SANTALALES, 1247
SAPODILLA ap AMILY, 1031
Saponaria, 505
Sapota, 1031, 1082
APOTACEAE, 1031
Sargent's-palm, 238
Sarothra, 874
eae 580, 581, 582,
SARR ACEN IACEAE, eu
ES
AURURACEAE, 399
, 399
axifraga, 595, 596
'AXIFRAGACEAE, 590
AXIFRAGE FAMILY, 590
axifrages, 595
caevola, 1296
'aly-bark meno 426
'andix,
are- weed, [on
earlet firetho »rn, 644
w
triaristatum ; +4
illos mum, 44
Sa, 811, 811
Schobera, 1133
Schoenocaulon, 277, 278,
Schoenolirion, 293, 294
Schoenus, 188
Scirpus, 167
INDEX
americanus, 170
atrovirens, 171
lacustris, e
us
SUE E 358
Seleria, 188
Baldwinii, 191
hed induci costata, 191
190
pauciflora, 190
reticularis, d
1
elie S,
colyn 5 498
copari: 87
corp grasses, 1124
eratch- -gra asa; 458
erophul
TI eee re
erub-eabba:
erub ch estnut- m 426
p
erub-oak, 426, 427, 430
crub- -palmetto, 240
crub-pine, 6
crub-plum, 649
crub prickly-pear, 907
'cuppernong, 838
abamen ns
arguta, 1151
campestris, 1151
canescens, 1151
cordifolia, 1151
1545
cubensis, 1151
Cuthbertii, 1151
galericulata, 1150
Sear 1152
havanensis 50
incana, 115
integrifolia, 1152
Dan na 1150
longiflo) 15
Meltichampti, „1152
montana,
multizlandulosa, 1152
Sea-grasses, 26
Sea-hollyhock, 856
Sea-island cotton, 861
Sea-lavender, 1130
Sea- lav enders, 1021
LOG
106
Seaside pa pr imrose,
9
Seaside- a 1132
l 860
Senecio, 147
alabamensis, 1480
79
9
Memmingeri, 1480
Millefolium, 1480
obovatus, 1479
pauper culus,
6
SENNA FAMILY, 1658
Sensitive-briars, . 656
Sensitive-joint vetehes, (2
Sensitive-peas, 6
Sensitive-plant, 862 2
Sensitive plants, 656
September-elm, 441
1546
Septilia, 1189
Se erenoa, er 242
ee 1313
Sea bark hickory, 406
Shall
Sr
Sharp- lobe i erleaf, 2
Pia zalingale, 14
e-balsz
e
Shepherd's- cress, 587
Shey oherd’s- -needle, 1451
S-purse, 554
Shephe erd's weather-glass,
026
ierardia, 1269
1erw woodia,
ittimwood, 10: 4
10e-black pl:
10e- buttons 251
100-fly 676
Looting- SRDS 1027
e-ba
1, 554
how y- “hydrangea, 597
10wy-ore oe 368
m
à 318
irubby-einquefoil, 613
irubby St. John's-wort,
73
Shrubby- e 798
Shy-leaves,
Sibbatdiopsis hie
pod, 572, 660
SS
Sida, 849.
cili iaris, 851 )
hermaphrodita, ~
leptophylla, 85
Napaea, 850
procumbens, 850
rhombifolia, 850
rubromarginata, 851
sp vinosa, 850
upina ' 880
Sideranthus, 134:
Sideroxylon, 1032, ia
Sidesaddle- plant, 58
Siever n 8
dic hotoma, 507
latifolia, 507
noctiflora, 507
ovata,
pennsylvanica, 506
laciniatum, 1410
lapsuum, 141
Mohrii, 1415
nodum, 1413
orae, 1411
ovatifolium, [
perfoliatum, 1410
Silver-chickweed, 479
Silver- 8
Silver- R 479
Silver-leaf, 5: d 2:2 7
Silver-leaf cro 783
Silver- leaved poplar 411
398
Simmons,
Sinapis, 563, 563, 564
Siphonanthus, 1144
Siphonychia, 482, 483
Sisal, 319
Sisal-hemp, 319
ahr yan BER, 559, 559,
0,
Sisyrinchium, 327
albidum, : : 328
inerustatum , 9 29
minus, 330
mucronatum, 328
rosulatum, 330
rufipes, 32
scabrellum, 3 328
xerophyTlum, 3 329
Sku nk- gras ses, 122
Sk ink- "eed, T
Sky-blue ine 681
Slash-pine, 4. 5
Slender-fumeroot, 551
Slippery-elm,
Sloe, 648, 1272
Slough-grass, 113
Sanaa 1406
Small-cane, 81, 38
Small -fruited cocoa- plum,
Smal -fr uited pawpaw, 530
6
Sm eode. 45
Smilacaceae, 309
Smilacina, 297
Smilax, 311
auriculata, 313
n 313
ona-^ 31
cinnamomifolia, 313
laurifolia, 314
5 eptanthera, 311
negacarpa, 314
Bud C nh 313
»umila, 31
rotundifolia; 313
Smalli
tamno de CT
Walteri, 313
SMILAX FAMILY, 309
Smoke-tree, ee
Smokeweed, 132
INDEX 1517
Smoking-beans, 1241 Chapmanii, 1352 Sum a mon 11943
mooth- -alder, 418 Chrysopsis, 1356 Soniai "a, e.
mooth- azalea, 996 conferta, 1352 Sorbu
mooth-fruited poppy, 548 corymbosa, 1361 Sorghastru 47, 47, 48
mooth hydra ea, 597 Curtissii, 1357 a Paone, 47, 48
mooth-phlox, 5 lispersa, 1358 So 47
mooth-strongback, 1129 Earlei, 1358 Sorrel
mooth-sumac, 8 Edisoniana, 1358 wW
mooth-win terberry, S15 Elliottii, 1358 Field, 446
mut-grass recta, 13i House, 446
nailseed, 531 fistulosa, 13 Sheep, 446
nakeberry, 513, 612 flaccidifolia, 1356 orrel-tree, 1002
nake-cactus, 91: flavovirens, 1354 orrel-vine, 839
nake-heads, 1199 flexicaulis, 1356 our-cherry, 650
nakeroot, 965, 1282 Gattingeri, 1355 our-dock, 446
nakeweeds, 716 gigantea, 1359 our-gum, 956
napweeds, 753 glaberrima, 1359 our-grass, 446
nap- S ORE 114 glomerata, 1350 our-grasses, 747
nappy-hazel, 600 gracillima, 1356 ourwood, 2
neezeweeds, 1459 Harperi Tee outhern black- haw, 1272
nowberries, 125$ Harrisii, 135 outhern-dewberry, 624
nowberry, 1273 hirsutissima, * 1360 outhern-elder, 1270
nowboys, 517 hispida, 1351 outhern fox-grape, 838
nowbush, TS juncea, 1353 outhern-magnolia, 535
snowdrop-tree, 1036 lanci folia, 1357 outhern-pine, 4
'now-on-the- mountain, 797 latissimifolia, 1356 outhern red-cedar, 11
now-wreath, 625 DOM 1359 outhern red-maple, 826
Snowy-campion, 506 Maxonii 'outhern-spruce, 7
Snowy- P ur 310 mexicana, 11354 southern-sumac, 811
oapber 828 Milleriana, 1350 outhernwood, 147
pap aes FAMILY, 827 mirabilis, 1359 outhern yellow-birch, 418
rore 505 missouriensis, 1359 ow-thistles, 1498
Soapwort-gentian, 1055 monticola, 1351 angle-grasses, 127
Odi iDBIe e, 1114 M 1360 panish-bayonet, 30
Soft-maple, 825 neglec 354 yanish-dagger, 304
Soft-rush, 28 ie HT 1355 nish-daisy, 1460
SOLANACEAE, 1105 notabilis, 1353 )anish-jessamine, 1044
Solanum, 1112 odora, 1852 oanish-larkspur, 1100
aculeatissimum, 1114 pallescens, 1353 anish-moss, 268
alatum, 1114 patula, 1354 yanish-needles, 1451
bahamense, 1115 petiolaris, 1350 janish-oak, 268
Blodgettii, 1115 petiolata, 1356 anish-stopper, 935
carolinense, 1114 pinetorum, 1355 "ARGAN IACEAE, 14
Duleamara, 1113 plumosa, 1352 parganium, 14, 14
elaeagnifolium, 1115 Porteri, 1351 parkleberry, 1010
floridant ium, 1115 pubens, 1357 partina, 112
glaucum, 1115 puberula, 1351 alterniflora, 113
gracile, 1114 pulehra, 1356 Bakeri, 11:
jamaicense, 1116 pulyerulenta, 1351 cynosuroides, 113
Melongena, 1114 radula, 1355 p Hilda 113
nigrum, rigida, 1354 glabra
perplexum , 1115 rigida, 1361 juncea, n `
Pseudo- capsicum, 1115 rigidius scula, 1352 junciformis, 115
rostratum, roanensis, 1351 Michauxiana, 113
sis Symbriifotium, 1114 rugosa, 1358 patens, 114
torvum, 1115 rupestris, 1359 polystachya, a
Mec M 1115 m 1354 spartinae
Soldier’s-cap, otina, 2 __ stricta, T
Noldier-wood, 894 pid iosa, 13 Spathiger, 390_
Solidago, 1344 spithamaea, 52 Spathyema, 240
alleghaniensis, 1351 squarrosa, 1350 Spatter-docks, 540
altissima, 1358 stricta, 1356 Spatularia, 596
altissima, 136¢ strigosa, 135: Spear-grasses, 97, 129
ımplexicaulis, 1353 suaveolens, 1352 Spear- t, 117s
angustifolia, 1356 tarda, 135 Speckled-alder,
arguta, 1353 tortifolia, 1357 Speckled wood-lily, 296
arguta caroliniana, 1353 KPE 1352 špecularia, 12%
aspericaulis, 1 uniligulata, 1354 Speedwells, 12
asterifolia, 1356. aseyi, 1353, 1354 Spergula, Ue
austrina, 1354 erna, n Spergularia, 502. "
bicolor, 1351 virgata 135 Spermacoce, 1265, 1265
Boottii, 1353 y vadkinensis, 1 1353 266 a
brachyphylla, 1353 Soliva, 1413, 1474 " SP i 125
uckleyi, 1351 Solomon’s-feathers, 297 phenoclea, 1291
caesia, e Solomon's-plumes, 297 Sphenopholis, "105, 110
'anaden 1359 Solomon's-seals, 300 Spice-birch,
Pe aN., 1360 Sonchus, 1498 Spice bush, "409, 924
celtidifolia, 1358 Sophia, 572, 573 Spice-bushes, 924
1548
Spice-wood, 938
Spic ce-woods, 924
Spiderworts,
Spigelia, 1046
818
neless- blackberry, 22
Spiny-pods, 1076
Spir 6087 609, 610
Spiranthes, 380, "um 382,
Spireas, 607
102
A Ber "i 2
Berteroanus, Ps
compressus, 102
MAT ndrus, 103
sii, 103
domingensis, Fd
02
E 108
HEC us: Ers
teretifolius, 103
Torreyanus, 2
vaginaeflorus, 101
vaginaeflorus. minor, 101
102
ak, 42$
Spo red. St. John's-wort,
Spotted ‘snapweed, 753
oe 990
A
i]
"$
e
:
i
-
Spr: 133 ST
S CMT aie orchid, 897
Spreading-pigweed, 473
pring-beauties, 4
ave -
z
ns
SPU
INDEX
Spurge-nettle, 790
Spurges, 792,
Spurr red. shapidrasons, 1207
Spurrey, 5
Spurt-grass, “17 1
Squaw- huckleberries, 1010
Squaw-root, 1238
Squaw-weeds, 1478
Squirrel-corn, 550
Squirrel-cups, 516
Squirrel-tails, 276
Stachydeoma, 1166
Stachys, 1159
agraria, 116
ambigua, 1160
aspera, 61
Clingmanii, 1161
cordata, 1
floridana, 1
hyssopifolia, 1160
italiea,
latidens, )0
lythroides, 116
Nuttallii, 1160
salvioides, 1161
tenuifolia, 1161
EUM 1141
Staff-t , 81
S AFF- Tuis i AMILY, S17
1272 »
Sedet ypress, 1100
Staphylea, 821
STAPHYLEACEAE, 821
Star-anise, 534
Star-anises, 53
IS, O4.
485
Starry- campion, 50€
Starry-cerastium, 502
Star- violet, 619
ST ARWORT b a 486
ma, 1024, 1025,
1025
Stellaria, 497, 498, 499
Stemmodontia, 1429
Stenandrium, 1229
Stenanthium, 277
Stenophragma, 561
Stenophyllus, 158, 159, 159
Stenorrhynchus, 383
Stenotaphrum, 87, 88, 88
864
Stinging-nettle,
Stink-bush, 534
Stinkweed,
Stinking- Eu 12
Stinking "goosefoot,
Saas ing-w illie, 307
97
Stipulicida, 503, 504
vor ere
464
"I
an
-
TAT
igs, 1318
34
Stone e-mí
Stoppers, 93 3D, 936
Storaxes,
Storksbill,
Stramonium,
SiRaw BERRY. SHRUB
LY, 631
Straw- fow ers, 299
SLE 4 lily
824
308
1130
1090,
725
bi
Stronghi ac k,
Strophoe aulos,
Strophosty
Strumpfia,
1091
13
St y iophor um,
)
5
Stylosanthes, 129 , 190,
6 ( 1
730
Sapi e. 533
Sugar-berries, 442
, 39
€
SUMAC FAMILY, 807
Sumacs, 809
Summer ann 513
Summer-grape, 837
Summer-haw, 642
Summer me: idow- rue, 525
Summer-snow fli ikes, 293
Summersweets, ||
Summer-violet, 893
Sunflowers, 143
Sun-plant, 495
INDEX
]
Sun-ros 878 Sweet-potato, 1086 Tamarack, 7
RUNDEN “Fanny, 578 Sweet-robin, 700 TAM ies ee, 866
Sundev STEET TO EEN 560 Tamarind, 668
Sundial upime, 680 Sweet-rushe 42 Tamarindus, 668
undro , 948, 949 Sweet- scabiods 1396 Tamarisk, 866
e a. 542 Sweet-scented bedstraw, TAMARISK FAMILY, $66
Sunnybell, 293 268 amarix, 866
Suppie-jack, 831 Sweet-scented sumac, 811 Tanbark-oak, 426
Suriana, 762 Sweet-shrubs, 651 Tanacetum, 1470
SURIANACEAE, 761 Sweet-sap, 533 Tan-bay,
vida, 957, 958, 958 Sweet-spires, 60 Tan y, 1470
wallow-wort, 547 Sweet-sumacs, 811 Tansy-mustards, 572
wamp-ash, 1039 Sweet-trillium, 308 TAPE-GRASS FAMILY, 26
wamp-azalea, 99 Sweet vernal-gré 93 Tape-grasses, 27
wamp-bay, 536, € Sweet-viburnum, 1272 Nea ir 96
wamp beggar-ticks, 1452 Sweet-violet, 892 Tare,
wamp-buttercup, 522 Sweet white-violet, 891 Tares, "Tnt
wamp-cabbage, 245 Sweet win u^ 2a ape, 837 Tar-flower, 992
wamp-candleberry, 409 Sd dea: K Tar- B 785
wamp-candles, 102 Swi 53 Taro, 248
wamp chestnut-oak, 425 Switeh. bud de. 407 Tass Sèl cotton-grass, 167
wam Pere ood, 412 Switch-cane, 138 Tassel-pondw eed, 15
wamp-dewberry, 624 Switch-ivy, 1001 Tassel-rue, 5
wamp-dock, 448 Sword-bush, TTT Tassel-w hite, 600
wamp-haw, 1272 Sword-grass, 170 Tawny cotton-grass, 167
wamp-hickory, 405 Sycamore, 604 Tawny day-lily, 294
w j».lily, 321 SYMPLOCACEAE, 1035 TAXACEAE, 2, 3,
wamp-loosestrife, 920 a a 1273, Taxodium, 8, 9, 9
wamp-lousewort, 1224 127: Taxus, 12
wamp-maple, 826 S Symphy tum, 27 Teaberry, 1006
wamp-milkweed, 1070 Symplocarpus, 245 ar-grass, 3f
wamp-oat-grasses, 109 Symplocos, 1055 Tearthumbs, 458
vamp-pine, 5 Synandra, 1156. Ens 1157 Teasel, 1275
wamp-pink, 276 Syndesmon, 517, 5 Wild, 1278
wamp post-oak, 425 Synedrella, 1145 TEASEL FAMILY, 1278
a pot s, 22 Syngonanthus, 257 Tecoma, 1240, er
wamp red-bay, 922 Synosma, 1477 Telanthera, 476, 477
wamp-rose, 629 Sy vie 50 T eee 690
wamp rose-mallow, 856 Ba Tephrosia, 704
wamp rose-orchiíd, p nr 51 Terminalia, 933
wamp spanish- oak, digitatum, 50 TERMINALI SE EAE, 032
431 filiforme, 52 Terrell-grass, 137
wamp-sumae, 809 fimbriatum, 51 Tetragonia, PT 3
"wamp-thistle, 1482 floridanum, 51 TETRAGONIACEAE, 490
wamp white- oak, ind gracillimum, 51 Poder AU 1418
"wamp-willow humifusum, 51 Tetrazygia
wamp-wood, so Isehaemum, 51 Tetrorum, EA
aying-rush, 16$ leucocoma, 52 Teucrium, 1147, 1148
weating-weed, 856 marginatum, 51 Texa ar, 10
weat-root, 1 paniceum, 52 Le d 455
wedish-clover, 685 pauciflorum, 51 Thalesia, 1239
weet-acacia, 654 sanguinale, 51 Thalia, “361, 861, 362
weet alyssum, 565 serotinum, 51 Thalictrum, 52
weet-bay, 536, 922 setosum, 51 caulophylloides, 524
weet-bean, 665 Simpsoni, 51 clavatum, 52
weet-beth, villosum, 52 coriaceum, 524
weet-birch, 418 Syringa, 1038 debile, 524
weet-brier, 628 Syrinzas, 598 dioicum, 524
weet-buckeye, 822 macrostylum, 525
weet-bush, 410 Table-mountain pus 6 mirabile, 524
weet-cherry, 650 Table-rock pine, perelegans, 525
weet-cicelies, 96 Taenidia, 981 polygamum, 525
wee vers, 683 Tag-alder, 4 purpuras , 525
weet-elm, 441 Tagetes, revolutum, 525
weet-fern, 410 Talinum, 493, 494 Thaspium, 979, 980
weet-flag, 244 Talisia, 828 Thatch-leaf, 762
weet-gale, 409 Tallahassee-vine, 460 Thateh pauna 241
weet-goldenrod, 1352 Tall-buttercup, 522 THEACEA 75
weet- Mt ut Tall-larkspur, 51 THEOP HRASTAC BAR, pen
weet-gu Tall meadow-rue, 525 Thermopsis, 673, 6
WEET- bu Ta. 601 Tal m 189 Therophon, 595
weet-jarvil, 96 all oat-gras 11 Thespesia, 860
weetleaf, a Tallow-wood, "951 Thevetia, 1058
WEETLEAF FAMILY, 1035 Tall red-top, 121 Thicket- shadblow, 636
weet-orange, T61 Tall white-violet, 893 Thick-leaf phlox, 1104
weet-pe pperbush, 987 all wild-nettle, 433 Thick shell-bark, 406
weet pine-sap TAMACEAF, 324 Thimble-berry, 619, 620
weet pitcher- Sd 582 Tamala, 921, 922 Thimble-flower, 1427
©
1550
T nae weed, 517
'Thistle,
Parnabys
Blessed,
m
m
473
10rny- amaranth,
Vorone y ax 979
Thoroughy 326
m
"hree-bir
‘hr ee seeded
Three-square bulrush,
Three-thorn < a,
Thrinax, 241, 24
THY MEL PALES
T iymophs
Thym
jer py 1486
1y8 RET 5
94
EU 14
J pJ J I
"lar lan lm
Eu
xi
"-
c
-
"e
5
"lar!
T eed, 1443. 1446
Vibe i. 985
Tilia, S42
alabamensis, 846
er ? PP
ere moder ati. 846
544
eburnea,
heterophsita 844
ai 845
a, 843
a 845
littoralis, 845
TILIACEAE,
, 919
me-leaved VS SONG 500
INDEX
Tillaea, 585
Balbis siana
71
myriop ‘hylla,
poly sti ichya, 24
Y»
Tis 387, 38
Tissa, 502
Tisswood, en
Tithonia, 31
270
1
Tithymal pu T99
apocynifolia, 799
'orollata, 799
Curtissii, 799
discoidalis, 799
eriogonoides, 199
exerta, T99
gracilis, 79¢
pecacuanhae, 798
mercurialina, 799
' DOthache. tree,
ooth-cups, 929
oothworts, 566
ache- grasses,
rt
1
58
D
14
960
Torchwood, 75$
TORCHWOOD FAMILY, 764
orilis, 967
rr esia, 93
Torreya, 1
Torrubia, A89, 400
Tortipes, 298
4 ei ee ; 15:
Tough-buckthorn, 1034
ournefortia, 1130, 1121
Tovara, 45
oxiec ti rdion,
OXY Ho
oxic odendro on, 809
279
Tracaulon, 458
Trac helosper mum,
Tracyanthu
T
1063
ifolia!
rosea, 259
la, 1192
Tragop« Zon, 1488
railing arbutus, N
‘ri railing TE 1 1 2
1287
Trian
ine
Tricholaena, 83, 84
Trichostema, 1148
Trichostigma, 484
Triclisy a, T67
Tridax, 147
Tridens, 121
Trifolis ite- orange, 160
Trifoliu 84
ag ar ium, 686
arve , 685
appar eum.
pratense, 68f
procumbens. 586
reflexum, 685
—
riglochin, 20,
Trigonella, 68:
Frilisa, 1336
d cube 30
ee Ha
erectun
erythrocarpum, 308
grandiflorum, 308
Hugeri,
lanceolatum , 906
ludov icianum, 306
pusillum, 308
r ectistam ineum, 3807
306
SE wW d 307
psacum, 37
setum, 108, 109, 109, 110
riumfetta, 841, 8 842
TROPAEOLACEAE, 75
Trumpet, 12
Trumpet- creeper
TRUMPET- CREEPER E^ y
23
Trumpet-flower, 1058, 1240
Trumpet-honey suckle, 1274
Trumpet-leaf, 58:
Trumpets, 580, 58
Tsuga, 7
Tubiflora, 1226, 1227
Tule, 17
Tulipastrum, 534
Tulip ^ 036
Tumble-mustard, 560
Tumble-weed, 413
Tumble-weeds, 472
Tumion, 12
Tunas, 899
Tupelo-gum, 954
Turbina, 1091
Turkey-beard, 275
Turkey -berry, 1116
Turkey oak, 428, 43
Turk’s-eap lily, 292
Turnera, 878
due FAMILY, 877
Turnip, 563
Turnip-bu uttercup, 522
Turnip RA un 466
Turtle-gré
Twis sted- ok
Two- Jes av ed o s-seal,
29 T
Typha, 13,
Ty Er 15. 14
ULMACEAE, 440
Ulmus, 440, 441
INDEX
brella-cornel, 958
rella- magnolia, 5
ol!
“mbrella. plants, pi^
Jmbrella-sedge, 148
Um d 5
C 4
4
=
=]
brella-w rorts, 488
Undines, 590
Unicorn-plant, 1244
Ico
Upland-cotton
Upland willow-oak
432
Utrie laria, 1235
biflora, 6
cornuta, 1233
fibrosa, 1235
floridana, 1236
foliosa, 1236
gibba, 1236
236
236
m ee a. 1236
1 : 236
2
vulgaris "ame A icana,
Uvularia, 299,
M ER a,
Va snera, p zh
Valerian: ; 1:
V ^
Valeri 123 si des, 1141
~ 289
Varebells,
V A g oldies,
251
A 528
Vase-v A
Vasey 6t
V E DIDI. Bor dU UNE
D
21
UNI RN: PLANT FAMILY,
24:
Jnicorn-ro (6
Unifolium, 297
Uniola, 127, 128, 8
1236
76
NISH-LEAF FAMILY, 8
s, 821
45
861
land poison- sumac, n
42
Ur rechites, „1061 1062.
2
)
Velvet- -plant, 1199, 1475
Velvet-seed, 125
Velvet-sumae, sio
Venus'-comb, 96
Venus’- -flytrap, 580
V
bom FLY-TRAP FAMILY,
Venus’- -slipper, 367
Ver m s lookin
290
NE nd 276, 277
oe ien
Ver
angustifolia, v id
A 13
canadensis,
ear oliniana,
g-glasses,
chamaedr de. 11 39
Dr um mondii,
rigida, 1138
riparia, 1137
scabra, 1137
stricta, 1136
tampensis, 1139
“Vervains, 35
Vesiculina, 1237
Vetches, 739
Vetehl
aae Kiepe A 1
Z
£e
N
oo
mM
nto
asthe
We
3
12-1
obovatum, 1
prunifolium,
pubescens, 127
boty
-l
to
1
R: afinesquianum. 12
rufidulum
272
r ufotomentosum, 127
127
Vibur num,
Nash's, 1272
Small, 1272
Sweet, 1272
Vicia, 739
acutifolia
angustifolia, E
earolin 0
Cruce ri 10
floridana, 741
hirsuta, 140
fugeri, 740
ludoviciana, 741
nicrantha, (41
sativa, 7
tetrasperma, 740
texana, 7
Vicoa, 1405
Vigna, 125, $1 726
Viguiera, 142
Veronica 1208
11
Vinea, 1059, 1
Vincetoxieum, AOT 6, 76,
077, 1077, 107 3, rr 78
er ioc ar pa,
florida ana,
at: '89
Le Conteana, 891
Lovelliana, 887
pie asada 3 ,993
papilionacea, 888
pedata » 886
Pricean na,
Prun
pubescens,
Rafinesquii,
888
4391
“893
sagi ittata
septem nob n 890-
VIOLE
Violets, SS4
Violet w ood. sorrel,
spa, 5:
fla i c 2 2
Gatti i, 527
glaucophyia, 528
obliqua 27
oc Brace a. 528
Pitcheri, 527
subreticulata, 527
Vi ipers- “bugloss, 1128
Virgilia,
Virginia-cowslip, 1123
Virginia-creeper, 840
INDEX
Virginia-creepers, 840
Virginia-mallow, 850
Virginia- Stuartia, 876
AEA willow,
err A-W Te ne n
Virgins- -bowers, 525
Viticella, 526
CEAE, 835
peltata, 838
Voyria, 1056
Waahoo, 818
Wahoo, 441
W
Water- Melon.
V BE MI LFOIL TF AMILT,
Ww ater anilfoils, Ds
m
<
E
^
©
^
che
w
A
=
i=
5
=
e
e
=
7B
[t]
-—
b us Lido in, 21
Wa -PLANTAIN FAMILY,
B
Water- “plantain spearwort,
52
Water-po 411
WwW dc purs slane, 928
War SHIELD us AMILY, 53
Vater Spanish-oak, 429
Water star-grass, 266
WATER-STARWORT FAMILY,
S04
Water-starworts, 804
Water-target, 539
Water-tupelo, 957
Waterweeds, 28
Water white-oak, 42
Water-willow, 1230
Water-wort, 866
WATER-W ORT FAMILY,
Wauhoos, 534
W axberry, 409
Wax- mallow, 854
Wax-myrtle, 409
866
Waxwork, 818
Weak-leaf yueca, 303
Weather-glass,
Poor-
W cedy pe ening-primrose,
)
W 'eeping-
_
1142
, 414
rene
S ndian- Gherkin,
W est Indian. gooseberr
West Indian-mahogany, 765
West Indian pink-root, 1046
‘ema, 445
r, 307
FAMILY, 987
, 988
E
, 403
56
Wall- Deeds e
WALNUT F m
Walnuts, 40
Walter's- on 5
W altheria, 863
262, 263
20
Warty spu 802
W dU Un 968
Washin ro the orn, 644
Watche
Ww ee ‘ash, "6, 1039
27
Water-chickw "eed, ait 805
Water- chinquapin,
Water-cress, 559
7 r-er
s
'ater- safa, 1003.
Wat 42
WATER- LILY FAMILY, 540
Wh
ite- alders, € ST
White-ash,
Whit te bachelor's- button,
T4
*
pt
e-baneberry, 513
6
e bread- ple
e butterfly- “orchid, 398
ood, 9
A eh high eh aa
+
e-camas, 279
e-campion, 508
e-cedar, 9! 10
e-elover, 656
e-d: usy, 1362,
e-elm, 441
te-featherling
1470
« T4 74
eath T4
e fringe orchid, ‘369
e-grass,
e- heart hickory, 406
e-hearts, 550
5
Á
*
kory, 4 40
e hor se- nettle, 1115
aa * 4 P +}
ee ee au
=
93
ITE- M ANGROVE F AMILY,
9; 32
e- ma ye, 825
e-melilots, 683
4 T4 T4 T4 74
*
*
ar '411
e pri airie. c mis 696
orchid, 373
1d
opper,
sels,
*
tass
e- -thunberzi: l,
e-titis,
e e-topped asters, 1
- sh, 174
1226
394
ps, m (3
e veri 113
e
a- “robin, 308
40
*
4
ar- pd. foot, 519
1470
47€. 074 74 *4 «T4044 4 T4 «T. 4*4 4 T4
Beaded ded ada dada d dada add dad dd dd doo [o o
TTI
hi
“icky
“ide
wW ild
47
‘horled pede tnd
won T D
Hos. bra ),
1024
00
cleat spring beauty,
bac helor’: s- ‘butte on, 774
v
INDEX
Wild qnan USADAS 1285,
Wild- ‘bamboo, 313
Wild-basil, 1169, 1181
Wild- end 72
Wild-
Wild- mM 1164
ur ld black-cherry, 651
Vild-buckwheat, 445
Wil -buek "heats, 445
Wild-carrot, 967
Wild century-plant, 32
Wild-cherries, 650
Wild-chervil, 96$
Wild-china, S28
Wild-cinnamon, 8
WILD-CINNAMON Fa DE Y,
864
Wild-coffee, 83 i it 261, 1273
Wilc LOI LEON
Wild-cotton bei
Wild inesbill, 744
Wild-dilly, 1055
Wi e der, 960
Wild-fig, 439
Wil Ion o-clock, 488
Wild-fumeroot, 550
Wild-geraniums, 744
Wild-gingers, 125
Wild-g d es,
d oos :e- plum,
Wild- indigos, 61
Wild-l: aurel, Pu 35
Wild-leeks, 289
-lettuce, ito 1498
-marjoram,
-monk esd. 515
ustard, 564
red e Dd )
red-r rm erry,
-rice,
wer
TUE
Sidi
aparilla
1035
312,
9i i0
Wild-s 61
Wild ncm , 664
Wild-snapdragon, rd
Wild- spikenards, 29
ct
[o
wW ild- tamar ind,
as
W
Wild y ioe plum,
WIL
Ww illow- herb,
Willugbaeya,
Wineberry,
Winele
\
AA AAA AA AAAASG
M *
“in
653
78
LOW FAMILY
92 09,
46
621
af- cinquefoil,
d-flower, 518
9
9
61
006
TERGREEN F AMILY, 989
990
EOY DEE SI DE B SE O Ee”
‘
>
e
rew weeds, 45 0
cH. gr PE
> .
~n
lDh- grass
PIDE
Tite
ite
olfs
om
CLL
i
i
i
1
ITCH-HAZEL EE AMILY,
i 71
i
i
i
85^ * *
h- hazel, ‘600
600
E AA
hli ings, 98
E
JI ines, 15
in’ s to ngue, e 653
F Th
-1
Wa
[A
"SORREL FAMILY,
awberry, 612
3 7
rt,
ool
a
)ody-z wo
o y wir re-w peed.
pas ass,
oolly beard- grasses,
468
450
rape, 24
40
1554
Woolly-eroton, 783
Woolly-mullen, 1199
Worm-grass,
Wormseed, 466
Wormseed- "mustard, 562
Worm-weed, 576
Wormwood, 1472
Wo rmwoods, 1471
Xanthium, 1301, 1302
Xanthorrhiza, 511, 511
calcite "a 749
en qi T48
749
XOU. ins $5
am ibi re
fleruos a, 25.
INDEX
iridifolia, 254
neglecta, 252
— 1elor’s pun on,
eR bell lily, O1
251
Yellow false- mallows, 849
-fl: 50
Yellow- fumeroot, 551
Yellow -harlequin, 551
Yellow- ess: imine, 1045
low morning-glory, 1083
, H "(Xt
Yellow-oleander, 1058
Yellow-opopanax, 654
Yellow passion-flower, 896
Yellow-pimpernel, 981
-P
d, 555
Yellow. strawberry, 612
Yellow-thistle, 548, 1483
Yellow-toadflax 8
Yellow t DeC ow er, 1240
582
Yellow water 543
Yellow me indigo, nau
Ow
832, 105
Yellow wood- Tiy, 296
2 wood-sorrels, 747
2
Y FAMILY, 11
Yew-pine,
Yonkapin, 540
Yucea, 302, 303, 304
Yucca FAMILY, 302
Yuecas, 302
Zamia, 1, 2, 2
Zannichellia, 15
ZANNICHELLIACEAE, E j
Zanthoxylum, 757, 755
Zea, 38
Zebrina, 26
Zenobia, 100
Zephyr nS é
Zephyr- -lilies, 320.
Zinnia, 1417, 1417
iz i , 92
Zos VTERACE AE, 18
Zosterella, 266
oe Edd enus, 280,
ZYGOPHYLLACE AE, ELT
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