POMONA
funy OR, THE (lakes.
Fruit-Garden Muftrated
eg ee ee a ee ee nee
f 2 Ui
ae
Containing SURE Metuops for Improying alt the
__. Beft Kinds of FRUITS
Now EXTANT in
: | CALCULATED FROM _
. Great Variety of EXPERIMENTS made in all
‘ Kinds of SOILS and ASPECTS.
WHEREIN “*
The Manner of Raifing Younc Stocks, Grafting, Paine
Planting, @'c. axe clearly and fully demonftrated.
With DIRECTIONS,
IV. RULES for the Tu1nnine of their
gyoung-fer Fruits, fo as to leave no more than
Nature can ftrongly fupport, and ripen in the
greateft Perfection,
I, For PRuNiING 5; wherein the Reafons,
Manner, sedi Confequences thereof are clearly
that the Branches Of FRU: 7 4. For Pre, ee yoene FavitTs, ;
be laid upon ie Walls, : are sa forth Benes ime of cir =
moft important and ufeful Difcovery, unknown ||" “Mateerity.— kom | ee
to Gardeners in general. ‘HI VI..To give them ther “true “Tafte and Colour Bee
when fully grown, 'Seafon of Ripening, Manner
Ill. For Preservine their Bloffoms from ee
&e. of Gathering, Preferving, &c. ee
the Injuries of Frofis, Winds,
- Likewife feveral Prattical OBSERVATIONS on the Imbibing Power
~ _ and Perfpirations of Fruit-Tre ES ; the feveral Effects of Heat and
Moifture tending to the Growth and Maturity of Frurrs.
0 which is added,
A Curious Account of the Moft Valuable Cyprr-Fruirs of DevonsHire.
The Whole Illuftrated with above Three Hundred Drawines of the Several Fruit $5
Curioufly Hagravert on Seventy-nine large Folio Plates.
By BATIY LANGLEY of Toiceant
L 0 N ‘D oO Be gee |
Printed fe G. Srraman in Cornbill ; R. Gosttne, W. Meaxs, F. Cray, D. Browne,
B. Morre, and L. GILLiveR, near Temple-bar; J.St Ace in Wefminfier-Hall ;
J-Ossor te. at Gray’s-Inn Gate ; and C. Dayts in Pater-Nofer-Row. M.pcc.xxrx.
fe : 7 Mo. Bot. Garden,
nes ee ; Nghe oe : i tose
YOON re Dee ewe Le ke ee ee
Moft Excellent Majetty.
sath
&
OU i Majefty’s “known Goodnets; *
and exquifite Knowledge in Horti-
culture, I, humbly. hope will excufe
fo] my Prefamption | in Dedicating to
1. Your moft Sacred. Majefty the en-
fuing Work ; “which 1 am bold to
7s is an “accurate Reprefentation of Vegetable Na-
ture in her various. Productions of the moft Y
Fruits now extant in this Nation: Wherein her gra-
dual Operations, thro’ their feveral Degrees of Gonk. |
to their Maturity, are exactly delineated and defcrib’d.
Pag 240
iV
DEDICATION.
ite
TO attempt ‘a Pourtraiture of Your Majefty’s
Ulluftrious Character, would be an Undertaking fupe-
rior to the greateft Genius, and intirely inexcufable
in one who has made thefe humble, though ufeful,
Studies, his principal Employment, and has no
_ Capacity, befides an honeft Zeal and fincere Loyalty,
“for fo arduous a Task.
SS ™
— - ie '
BUT as we, wi have the Happinef to live in
Your moft aufpicious Reign, behold united in Your
Sacred Majefty the Perfections and Virtues of all our
moft Glorious Queens Your Royal Predeceflors ; it
would be in fome meafure unpardonable to omit any
Opportunity to exprefs our Gratitude for the Bleflings
heap’d upon us by Your Goodnefs,
_WHILEMMSIGE Majelty, our molt gracious
Sovereign, imploys his important Cares for the Hap.
pinefs and Profperity of his People, both at Home
and Abroad, in order to fecure to them their Rights
and Privileges, and to- preferve and extend the Benefits
of their Trade-and Commerce, and is the Arbiter of
Europe : You, Mavam, powerfully recommend to all
Your Subjects, by Your own bright Fxample, the
great.Concerns of Religion and Virtue, and the Duties
of a Phiyate and Domeftick Life. =
“ALS
BE
pees
DEDICATION.
BE it the Task of a more elevated Genius to
tranfmit to Pofterity the Illuftrious Graces of Your
Majefty’s “Publick Charaéter, together with the Ex-
emplarinefs of Your Conjugal Affection, and Maternal
Care of Your Royal Offspring (the future Hopes and
Happinefs of this Kingdom) ; Your profound Know-
ledge in all Parts of Divine and Human Learning; —
Your Exemplary Piety, and that Gracious Affability
and Condefcénfion® to-all who have the Honour of
approaching Your Royal Perfon, which is peculiar to
Your Majefty: _ ae a *
WHILE I indulge myfelf in the pleafing Affu-
vance, That to a Mind fo exalted by Nature, and
improved by Study, the Contemplation of the Works
of the Great-Gxrraror,.difplay’d in the beautiful
Pr oductions of Vegetative Nature,—contein’d—in the %:
copious Syftem of Planting and Gardening, will be an
agreeable Entertainment, when Your more arduous
‘Affairs will permit Your Majefty to enjoy the calm
and peaceful Sweets of Solitude and Retirement.
THIS agreeable Affurance emboldens me to lay
before: Your: Majefty the following Obfervations and
Experiments on the choiceft Fruits which ate pro-
duc’d in thefe Kingdoms: The right Ordering whereof
being well underftood, will render them Mature and
Wholefome,
V1
ee
DE DEG AT ION.
Wholefome, and not a little contribute to the Health
of Your People. |
oF
THAT Your Majefty may long continue an
Ornament to the Royal Dignity, an Example to Your
Sex, the Delight of Your Subjects, and Admiration
of Europe, is the fervent Prayer of,
PS ey
*
— . Sa
May itypleae Your Majesty,
Your Mayefty’s moft Dutzful,
And mot Loyal Subjel,
oe
Peer ree Oi ee ag ee ee eee ee ee eae eRe SLL Ds Ait ae
eile siti wcll is
a cll
, eee
eomea| L THO our fhady Walks, Avenues, Groves, Wilderneffes,
Grotto’s, Fountains, Canals, @c. (of avbich I bave en-
Bai) deavourd to gratify the Curious with great Variety of
Plans, after aGrand and move Ruval Manner than has been done before, in
my New Principles of Gardening Jately publifo'd) may be guftly pro-
portion d, and truly executed in all their Parts, yet sf they ave not em~
bellifh’d with the beft Kinds of Fruits now extant in England, it cannot
be faid but that they are vaftly fhort of thofe Beauties which make
them truly Grand and Noble, as well as Profitable and Delightful.
LE we do — nis a. the 1 various Forms and Colours of the Lids
of Fruite Tees, ¢ and compare vith Fore, oft-Trees, it el be s jeunes
that thofe of Fruit-Trees are —— < beat |
their beautiful Bloffoms, with avhich they are aillien’ d in the Spring,
their Fruits which fucceed, and their Leaves alfo, with the bare Leaves
of Foreft-Trees only, “tis evident that there's no manner of Comparifon
between them.
BUT it is not to be underftood, that becaufe the Beauties of Fruit
Trees ave fuperior to thofe of Foreft- Trees, that therefore Foreft-Trees
are to be rejetted, and not veceiv'd in our Gardens. And fince that
| Fruit-Trees ave known to be beautiful as well as profitable, ‘tis therefore
that I advife the Planting of them qwith Foreft-Tr rees, in Wilderneffes,
and other Rural Parts of Gardens, that their various agreeable Mix-
tures of Leaves and Fruits, may not only delightfully entertain the Eyes
of the Bebolders, as they pafs thre the feveral Meanders thereof,
but their Tafte alfo.
[b] _ BESIDES,
*
Vill
The PREFACE:
BESIDES, from Plantations of this Kind, there always arife great
Profits, (exclufive of the aforefaid Pleafures) as for Inftance, Apples
and Pears produce good Cyder and Perry ; Goofeberries and Currants
good Wine ; Cherries and Rasbervies fine Mixtures in Brandy, &c.
befides the many Services in the Kitchen for Tarts, &c. all which are
very ferviceable and advantageous to a Family, and therefore is moft
humbly recommended to the Confideration of the Fudicious.
ASTI have thus advifed the Planting of fuch Fruits which ripen
very well in the open Air ; namely, Cherries, Plumbs, Pears, Apples,
Strawberries, Rasberries, Goofeberries, Currants, doc. I (hall now pro-
cced to fily fomething relating to the moft defired Fruits, namely, thofe
produced againft Walls..< eet Ba ig |
THE moft valuable Wall-Fruits in England, ave Cherries, Plumbs,
Apricots, Peaches, Grapes, Figs, and Pears, of which we have a very
great Variety, that ave truly good, when well order’d, in kind Seafous 5
But, to the great Misfortune of moft of our Nobility and Gentry, ’tis
very feldom that they have any that are truly good, when Seafons are
kind, notwithftanding the very: great Expences they are at, except by an
Accident, when Nature berfelf has atted the Part of a judicious Gar-
dener ; and the Reafons thereof wholly unknown to the Gardener under
atte zs
es 2 ee
eh ee ee Sa CS
—
he ee
IT is as impoffible that Fruits can be mature and vipen’ Ait these
greateft Perfettion, when their Fuices are full of Crudities, that Be
confind in them for want of a free Perfpiration, as it is for Nature
equally to fupport ten Dozen of Peaches, &c. with the fame Nourifh-
ment as when there is but a Dozen and balf, or two Dozen at moft :
But this is not the dirett Fault of Gardeners, for as there’s no =
them now im England, (the ingenious Mr. Miller of the Phyfick Garden
at Chelfea excepted) that knows (or ever thought) of Crudities being
comtain.d in the Juices of Fruits, which, when confin'd, caufe =
Taftes to-be watery and infipid ; or that fiuch Crudities are difcharged by
Perfpiration, (very few of whom know the Meaning of the Word) they
ave not to be blamed for what they never knew, and thevefore ’tis no wonder
that bad Fruits have been annually produced in great Quantities, even
avhen
oe
:
Eee eae ere poe eon.
aE ee te ee
The PREFACE.
ix
avhen Seafons were very kind. And as the Perfpiration of Fruits is a
new Difcovery, their paft Errors are pardonable ; but for the future ’tis
expetted, that they are no more prattifed, and the following ftrittly
— executed, whereby every Gentleman will receive bis Fruits in the utmoft
Perfettion, that bis Soil and the Seafon can produce.
THE following Works ave, in general, Matters of Fatt, digefted in
fuch a Manner as to be read by every one that defires to know the Reafons
and Conféequences of all their Operations, which I bumbly conceive will
be no lefs Delightful than Profitable 5 the Whole being a new Segpe of
Nature, wherein her wonderful Methods of Working, thro out her varéous
Produttions, ave fully demonftrated, in a concife and eafy Manner, cal-
culated to the Underftanding of the meaneft Capacity, as well as the moft
Polite and Learned. herein, i
"TIS very probable, that, at the firft Sight hereof, Gardeners may
be unwilling to depart from their old, uncertain, conceited Methods,
believing themfelves either too old, or too well learned, to learn more than
they already know 5 or may imagine, that what is bere offéved for their
Improvements, may be bare Chimera’s only, lke unto all which has
dees wrote on this Subjett by Theovical Gardeners, who never bad (or
were bred d to) ee ttice But pokes f they avill but age read,
foon aa Opinions 7
ai T is a very great Miftake and Misfortune, when Noblemen and —
Gentlemen cannot be fix'd with good Gardeners; but are always changing,
and very often from a bad to a worfe, which at firft is not. diftover'd,
till _fome terrible Stroke is made among the Fruit-Trees, —_ to tbe
utter Ruin of them, and then ‘tis too fore to be retvieveds
THERE is a certam Kind of People j in Pinhead aul fae been
employ’ d in the labouring Part of Gardening, perbaps but for one Month
only, will then put on Aprons, and call themfelves Gardener's, tho’, at
the fame time, they in falt ave no more shim W wap a Men, ana
very ise br worthy of that Office. |
BY
Th PREFACE.
BY that time that thefe Sort of People have comtinu'd in fuch Em-
ploys about the Space of a Year, they begin to enquire what Gentlemen
avant Gardeners ; and as foon as they hear of any, away they go and
offer their Service, faying, that they are true-bred Gardeners ; that they
help’d to make fuch a Nobleman’s Garden ; nay, very often will have
the Impudence to fay, that they a€tually made it, tho’ but a W heel-barrow
Man at.moft, as I obferv'd before ; and to clofe up the Whole, make ufe
of the Name of fome eminent Nurfery-Man, or Gardener, under whom
they fay they were inftrutted, tho’ perhaps they are wholly unknown to
bim
™ AND if they. can by any means come to know what Wages the laft
Gardener was paid, they alayays ask much lefs 5 that is, if the former
Gardener ferv'd for 20 \. per Ann. they will ferve for 15, 12, 10, nay,
for 8, rather than ftand out ; and upon that Account have been very
often employ'd.
NOW when a Gentleman bas firft been at a great Expence in building
new Walls, purchafing Trees, preparing the Soil, planting them ; and
afterwards five or fix Years Expences in their Ordering, undev the
Government of a good Gardener, and is then in Hopes, and a fair Way
of vecerving good Store of Fruits for bis Expencesandduabour; why
then, perhaps upon (ome.txifingAccomt—or—otber, the Gardener who
ee ful State, is diftharged, and
hianted ay
sucht them anto that jine
se ae liv ae a J
e afor
one of th
begins either to cut or flay, without either Fear or Wit, or otherawi fe
fiffers them to grow im fuch diforderly Manner, that after one fingle
Year's Growth, ‘tis not im the Power of a skilful Pruner to recover
them to the fame State, as when they were Jirft committed into the Hands
of their Executioner, under the Space of three or four Years at the leaft.
OF thefe Pretenders we have great Numbers annually imported
from the Northern Parts, who very probably might in time be as good
Gardeners as any in England, bad they but Modefty enough to be awell
infirutted by our Englifh Gardeners, before they attempt fuch Under-
takings. & |
IT
Bhi eit 2 :
Are tees * ise
CO eS Wee ed Cres
faid Pretenders received into his Place, who immediately —
ee ee ee EY
Pepe Pe
a ee ee a ee TT ee en er eee
al
ania
The RR ERA GB. .
XL
IT is alfo a very great Miftake in Gentlemen, who Lett their Gardens
to be kept by the Year, to Undertakers, who generally Lett them again
to Gardeners under them, at fuch very low Rates, that, to fave them-—
elves, they ave forc'd to flight and hurry over every Part in the very
wort Manner, to the great Prejudice of well-planted Gardens.
AT Twickenham, in the County of Middlefex, is an Inftance of this
Kind, where it unhappily falls out, that the very beft Garden of that
County, nay, I may juftly fay the only one in England ; for fuch another
curious Colleétion of valuable Fruits is not be found in one Garden in
this Kingdom ; is made a Sacrifice thereby : And I am credibly inform d
by a Labouter thereof, that the Gardener. who now has the Care of it,
under the Undertaker, attempted, the Loft | Winter, to lett the Pruning
and Nailing of thofé moft valuable Wall-Fruits to the Labourers, at
L. lk eal ee Rod.
I MUST confe fi that I was Cewd to hear it, for finer Trees are
mot in England ; and the Price being fo very finall, the Labourers could
not undertake the Work, and thereby they eftaped, in Part, the Fury of
oe unskilful Knife. However, to difpatch them in as expeditious a
Manner as po ble, the yore’ were ft to Work by the Day, and
efi 1 i 0 ther OPS “Difcres the ey knenw sepetie f the Matter, any
more than making Fucoth Walls, Tay they fucceede not knowing
the Bloffom-Buds from the Leaf-Buds, they cut away the greateft Part
of the Fruits : So that during this Manner of Keeping, there bas been
very few, or fcarcely any Fruits in the whole Garden, notwithftanding
that it confifts of upwards of Twenty Acres, and did feldom or never
fail of being very fruitful before.
IF I may may be permitted to give my Opinion, with Relation to the
Pruning of Fruit-Trees in large Gardens, I humbly conceive that their
Pruning is the divett Bufinefs of the Head Gardener bimfelf, and no
other Perfon whatfoever, excepting that any of his Underlings have been
avell in firutted therein, who may then, under bis Eye, perform a Part
thereof. For one experienc'd Pruner will perform more Work in one
Seafon, than any Nobleman or Gentleman's Table can require: and theres
fore when unskilful People (as aforefaid) are employ'd in fuch hess either
be} by
XU
The FPR EF A GE.
Ly the Indifiretion of the Gardener under whom they Work, or thro’ his
Idlenefs, the Gentleman whom they ferve, is certain of being greatly in-
jucd, and very often bis Trees ave totally vuin'd thereby.
WHEN Gentlemen are determin'd to Lett the Keeping of their Gar-
dens by the Year, *tis much to their Advantage, to Lett them to the Gar-
deners themfelves, who are employd on the Spot, and not to Undertakers,
who muft have a Fleece out of the Yearly Allowance for doing nothing :
therefore my Advice is, That fome reputable Gardener be chofen, and
the annual Sum in Grofs allow d him ; for then whatever happens amifs
he is wholly anfiwerable for it.
wy Way of proceeding, the Gentleman will be fuve of having no
Pies for Excufes for want of Help ; he will be fure of keeping bis
moft valuable Fruits, Flowers, Roots, and Plants, in bis cwn Garden,
which many Undertakers are very apt to take a Liking to, And, in a Word,
af Bufine/s is to be well done im this Manner, it muft certainly be beft when
the Gardener reaps the whole Gain that is allow d fr bis Labour, and
Expences therein.
THUS much by Way of Caution, with Refpeét to the Bufinefs of
Pruning and Keeping of Gardens ; I now vecommend you to Praétice,
clad is ‘ie declared in the Phase 9 cbt KS
Twickenbam, Fut T
hee aii aas Batty Lanctey.
AN
Se
Xill
A
N
boeN se De eX
OF THE
Principal
A
Folio
Sagan BELE 47
‘9 »- Admirable Peach Eatly, 103
Late 106
4ir, a Principle of Vepeigbles ¢
Alberge Peach 104
heb Peach , ibid.
Anne Peach . 100
Apples, how propagated 33, 34
Table of the beft Kinds 134
: Proper Soils 2
Apricots
Kinds\ Orange
Turky.
Bruxel
Proper Soils... . «2589
‘How propagated ne es oe
Beft againft North-weft
and South-weft Walls
On what Wood produced». 88
Diftance to be planted at 60
When, and howto bethin’d 77
Diftance to ripen at 79
When to be gathered 163-82
. How eaten oe
Afpetts, Lyte apes
North-eaft ibid.
Eaft. 2 ..-- 43) 44
South-eaft 44
South , 46
South-weft 45
» Weft EY ail
North-weft ihn 45
North ~ ibid,
Autumn Fruits, When to gather 83
“te
Matters.
B
Folio
Baking Pears 133
Barren Lands how help’d 47
Bafons, tomake about new planted’ Trees 49
Black. Damofine Plumb 94.
Black Pear Plumb 96
Black fweet- water Grape 114
Black currant Grape ibid.
Black Frontinac Grape 115
Black Muskadine Grape 114
Bloody Peach 107
Blue Fig 118
Blue Perdrigon Plumb 93
es om Buds, inj irious to qeaine at 66
Ro Bheding-Heart | herry 86
Blights 74
Boggy Lands, how drained 32
Bonum Magnum Plumb 95
Bordine Peach > 102
Branches next the Roots of Trees, perifh
when too many in Number, by want
of a free Perfpiration 2 25
Branches, their Growth
Their Diftance, that they fhould be
kept from each other, {0 as to ph
a free Perfpiration 4, 66
To. be frefh nailed every Year, a
66
why. Soper
Thofe in a healthy and fruitful State,
_. are preferyed by early pruning. 67
"Thofe that are weak are ftrengthned
by early pruning ibib,
Thofe that are Iuxurious are checked
by late pruning ibid.
Their Hab my. fome muft be
>>> prun ibid.
_ Why 2a are not to be pruned 68
B
ties “Ne PD ROX
Folio
Brick Grape 114
Brookes Peach 104.
Bruxel Apricot 89
Brunian Nettorine 103
Buds their Nature I -
Their Number in a Stock
Which are to be difplaced, and when fs 3
Burdock. Peach 106
C
Carnation Cherry 86
Catherine Plumb 94
Catherine Peach 7, 107
Canada Grape 114
Cerney Perdrigon 93
Chefton Plumb “as sOid.
per Their Soils er
How propagated
Stones how ordered before and
at fowing 35
~ par _Diftance to be planted at... 60
> When ripe So RE
. When to be eaaeet: - sabid.
When to be SEER jabid.
Gions, How to cut ! 38, 39
To place on the Stock a)
Clay, how generated. > ke
To plant therein 31
Clufter Gra IT4
if Gra + . F116
Cockagee,, an Irifo Cyder Apsile 149
Cuttings, How to order 33
, When to plas a
Pe 3, Tnoculationy how 1ofen - 40,4
* When to be taken from ‘the.
“o> Mother Trees : a
Currants) | woe ool woe th
D
Dew, the Cidiity that falls in Auta 12
Dew and Rain, that fall in a Year 20
Digging eae
Diapre Plumb Yellow 94
Double Troy Peach 103
Drab @ or Plumb 94
Dutch Elm “= ay Ae
Dwarf Ties how ordered at planting ee
‘ow pruned ibid.
Duke Cherry — 71
_ Remarks on the. Produétion of j its
Soe ibid.
Dutch Currant - — eet <3
4
Folio
E
Earth the Kinds 5
A Principle of Vegetables
The Quantity of Moifture con-
tained Meret 7
Eaft Wall = ma
Eaftern Winds injurious to Fruits in
Bloffom 46
Early Admirable Peach ~ 103
Efpaliers how planted 59
Exhalation 74
Experiments
To prove the Quantity of Moifture
in different Depths of Soils
_ To prove the Quantity of Moifture
evaporated in a Day, from the
Surface of one fuperficial Foot of
Land, more than falls in Dew at
Night 12
_ To prove the Quantity evaporated
_ ina Day from an Acre 13
To prove the Reafon of Pruning the
Heads .of Trees atthe Time .of
_» planting ji
s Second Experiment... <a hich 2
0 prove the great Fotce with which, aS
the Leaves of Fruit Trees attract
Nourifhment, and peau taney 7o
A Second Experiment “oI
F
wnt their Soil... bins
ow propag ated rebriat
reir ore an a Tayek | not to.
- ‘be topp
Their Pre how produced’ a7 ty 31 8
~ Kinds that ripen in’ Evglind 118
Manner of pruning 11g
When ripe 82
Foreft Trees ro Growth. py teutidical,
and w 2%
How sinha be ‘ 47
Manner of pete 49
Fotheringham Plumb ee:
Frofts 74
Fruit Trees, when to be grafted Seis 37
When to be inoculated’ 41
Manner of pruning at’ the
Time of planting ~ 50, 58
When to head 58
Diftances to be planted at 60
Fruits, How preferved from Frofts
| When in Bloffom, Set, and
Half grown 8
Manner and Seafon of. ihiiinine ee S
Mancer
Sa a ee nce ee meme ore Be te Ve Sen See al eee
aetnecetnininditiiinaad
-— Se a Oe.
Grafis, to loam By se
To untie 38
Grizel Frontinac Grape 115
sere 72110
: The Soils Cee
How raifed
Where produced 1 ; :
Seafon for pruning ee
Manner of pruning, 110, Lt
+ Diftance of their Branches - 1» Sbid.
~ ‘Manner of ordering in sn I a 13
Bleeding Seaion... ¢q .. II
When ripe "8a
How preferved $2, 83
Gravel how to plant therein 31
Green Sage Plumb . age 94
Strawberry eds 120
| H
Hautboy Strawberry | 120
Hermitage Grape 0) 116
Heat at two Feet - 26
Hemskirk Peach 105
Houghing |
XV
Folio : Folio
.> 2 Manner and Seafon of expofing Horfé e-chefnut 7
them. to the Sun when fully Holmans Duke Cherry 6
own 80
_ Unfipid and why t
\ Time and Manner of cuts 82
I “How preferved in the Con- Sean-bative Plumb go
fervatory 84 “Imperial Plumb" gt
Fruits ripen fooner or later, according to Imperatrice Plumb *” 95
. the different Nature of the Soil ibid. “Iparchin 40
Whitey. Inoculation. ibid.
Black fina Grape’ | o>) - 115 “Infeéts how deftroyed 76
Grizel} zeulv \ Italian Peach wee? 107
. i Ttalian Nectarine Ci he
ag | ‘Faly Grape sail 113
Gardeners 1oage) oh 15
Their common Method of ordering Kernels of Fmits, how ordered before’
ruit Trees has and at the Time of fowi 35
Their feveral erroneous Methods of Their Seatah of perfeCting © 8
{pruning
Their eqrosibics aaiods of nailing , eS ag
; - sii Branches of Fruit. Trees ;/ ibid. L | rP
| eir Error in pruning the Fig Tree: 72 a
Their Error in aif eving Frac Hs Land prepare fo planting, 2A?
Gafcoigne Cherry | 86 Leaves 0 Sin rees : arwteyt
Golden Neétarine oe 103 big iad by 29, 74
Goole oo ee * isa Attracting Nouri ment. 69
ae Ga age Se mes bid, Ase the main excretory Duéts ibid.
: sy Sk ee oo ? ors Wid rep in Magnitude Ted ‘
; G - Gin the Sin ia aati ably to the Growth fs) a igcis: A
ea
When ne Hy and why 7
Placed againft Buds, and why ibid.
Ee be watered in the Spring, when
he Seafon'is dry -
Leaf-buds to be chofen for to per at 68
Lime-Tree ‘47
Loam, how re 2
London Plu C go
Lukeward Cherry 86
Lightning 74
Luxuriancy Stopt 57, 63, 67, 130
M
Magdalene Peach ; whi . é 100
Majculine Apricot - 88
Maitre Claude Plumb — 93
Matchlefs Plumb, sae OOD ibid
Malacotune o 900 107
May Cherry A 85, 86
Meadiate Apple 0 20 145
Mice Injurious STF 119 35
Mirable Plumb, White 93
[dj] Minion
IN
ox
XVI D
Folio .
. Minion Peach hor
- Moifture neceflary for Plants:
Raifed by the attractive Power
of the Sun; il
And by the attractive Force of
Vegetables ibid.
Imbibed by Plants at theix Roots. 22
Imbibed by Plantsat their sibbetee 23
How raifed 74
Morello Cherry
‘Morifco Cherry
_Morocco Plumb
Mogule Plumb ae
¢ + acl Peach \kO2
ulberiies 125
Kinds ‘ 33
How propagated 125
Mushadine See jack 4 Qo dawg =
Mufcat mir: _ - i;
N
ae ]
— ing, when and how ie. be truly :
performed © : Oi * PRESS: 4 Os Oy
etfarines PSH toast
“Qs inds eT #02, 103
Newington Peach. fou" = i
Nobles Peach ALS! 101
North, kfpec 45
eee cesta Bx | 45
t= ow cane ssonbbony « a ay oe
ie nS oONG a
Orchards « on 7 the 2 Southefides of Rivers,
¢, the. humid: Steams, as they.
ne ets by the Sun <<
Orange Apricot 7 89
Oxleans Plumb QI
¢ P 4
Pavies <> : 109
Pavy Royal Peach 105
Pafs-violet 103
Parfley Grape 114
Peaches their Soil , +2
How propagated 33, 34
Where produced 98
How pruned 99
Their GoodnefS 99
Diftance of their Branches Tote)
_ Tables of Kinds Bo8
Time and manner of gathering 82
When ripe ' 8a
St. Peter’s Grape 1is
~ Pears their Soil ; i a a
we Perdrigon Plumb: sii [i dosll ga
M PosTtere
| Folio
How propagated» > 34
| Their Dihtance of pipe 6o
Their Courfons |
Leaves, Bloffoms, and Frui
“when and wheré produced = 73,129
-.o'Fablie of the beft' Kinds: 131
Kinds that produce) their Fruits
0} ork — at: the Ends of their
Sh > 68,79
Blue ¥
Cerney
Deafpititiin, of Plants
How accounted for 23
When perform ‘d 25
Manner ) Ae
Plumbs. picsia late Bet act 8290
o-. “Thee Soils ae 8
» How propagated’? °° 1" * =55
Diftance of Planting ~~"! 60
Manner of pruning ~~ eC
When tipe © oe , SAL $2
Primordian Phibounng aS $ ie)
lansing in’Pap y MFO cing si 48
| i Wetlands yoda 2 Hid.
The Seafon ee Se 37
‘Plants how nourifh’d by Rain, pee’
~ &c. at their Roots, Barks, Soe and
‘ Leaves 24
Pruning at a Leaf-bud< 68
Knife to be yery tees ae 1
The beft Sealog, ENG
Poplar pee ag
“Porpree Peach 105
Purple. Alberge Peach 104
Purple Rasberry 123
a
Qainces'theix Soil
) Bloffoms. and Leaves when and
Sin’ what manner prodyced, 73
Queen Mother Plumb ~ sok glad 94
R
Rains their Penetratio into the Earth fr
Rain and Dew that fall in a Year 20
Radicles 28
Raifin Gra 116
Rabon 2 222
Kinds ibid.
How propagated ibid.
Manner of ibid.
Reine Claude Plamb ie Se 93
Red Magdalene Peach Piste)
Red
a Se a ee ee ee ee ee eT ee Te: mene eae Ngo a vee eee
l LN? Dok: xX: XVii
eE__
Folio Folio
Red Currant ABS, able of Peaches 108
Rind Grafting ‘40 Zable of Grapes 117
Rickets Peach ed Table of Plumbs 97
ts tobep of Pears i y gt
a be fo edi in Watgp when dr ry co Tobe of Apples : 4 x
— To be proferved froya Frofts, ri Tra | SF aT
Se. rect 30
To hold at the time of “pruning re, We, urkey, Piumb 95
Their manner of pruning * *39 Turkey Apricot 89
Their outward Coat or Rind 69 Tt uteon de oust Peach ior
Roman oe az a Bj
Royal Wilding oy a 13 pe ht. a
Royal Plumb es a eg .
Rozanna Peach 108 sg, ast their Principles §
Rambullion Peach 1 AB0G ‘| Imbibe Rain and Dew 44
‘ ee Vines their Soil 2
to tenn has. coe ts gantameld 9) Violete Plumb gt
°d 8S galley, gatas Vidlete ative Peach’ 104
Sep its. Crudities,, 5), 25 Volatile Salt a | Principle of Vegetables 5
Sap; Keffals injus’d by: fadden Heat 45
Salve to, cover the Wounds of Trees 58
wherries 20
—s. | fon Petite gaindeid.
Manner of Planting 3 Gbid.
Scarlet Rasberry. | iO ax
Seeds . Germinate Yon} 28
_» Dilate 48
Seedlings, when and how tostandplant 36
Segfins for sae 57
cate inet
Smith’s Newington Peach
Soils the Kinds I
. Their different: Natures 9). | 43
South-Eaft Walkkiinns. a3 40 44,45
South-Weft Afpe& . L110 424s
Sia ee oa. 29
59 29
splice cafe : 38
34
eat headedts 2.4 yauasxt ; ‘ 38
Stock graftin t oiuys $839
- a of E erafting | ; 48
Stocks large to be Rind-grafted
Standard Fruits their diftanceof planting So
Straining the Roots of ‘Trees at. taking
_ Up, is very: prejudicial 61
Sterility the Caufe i _ 65
How prevented ibid.
Suphas a Principle of ogee 5
Iphur, in Rain and Dew. 9
super eee eT 147
Swalze Peach FOS
Sweetwater Grape aa 35 114
23
Tap-roots 31
Ww
Water a Principle of Vegerabl
Olt Evaporation ina ete 3 :
Its Evaporation in a Year
Waterings neceffary in hot and dry staitins 2 2 f
When neceflary 36
Wall-trees how planted | 57, 58
Manner of ae 575 53
Wallnuts how a ag. 33
Weft-wall 44
DUP ra 141
White se Rand Plumb Ps Surat v
White Pear Plumb : 96
White Nutmeg Peach 100
White Magdalene Peach lot
White Sweet-ewater Grape _ 113
White Mufeadine Grape 114
White Frontinac Grape IIs
White Figg 118.
White Rasberry | 123
Wentworth Plumb 95
Winter Fruits wn to be shale 83
§ Mir 3
“White + Mareblf t Plumb | 93
Wood Strawberry ‘t20
How propagated | 12%
Y .
best: Trees rail the leaft png,
why:
Yellow Diapree Plumb i
Z
Zantoyne Grape it}
§ Mall
een get eminem ae
‘THE
CONT
ENTS.
OK ah ge
CHAPTERS.
F olio.
ees EF Earths
emeaew I], Of the: Eaerciales 0) of Ve
3 fSoa..... getables.
FACS Tl. Of the Mature contain mt
mm" in the Earth, for the Pro-
duction and Support of Plants
he. Manner that .Nature fupports
dio yaad a0 its rae on
VI. Of sin Manner. sok soanae Lauds
~~ for Plantations of Fruit, Trees. | 30
VII. ‘The Manner of ‘raifing. Fruit-Trees i in
a Nurfery, their Grafting, Tnoculating,
and Manner of ‘Tranfplanting, . againft
Walls, Efpaliers, &c.
Vill. Of Afpedts and their Accidents 43
TX. Of the Manner of, Planting Foreft=
& fem to defend ons oF Fruits
fom the Injuries. ° ‘North, _Eaft, and
' eft Winds .. 47
%. Of the Velocity wherewith Nocsihe
ment enters the Roots. of Fruit-Trees ;
- and the Reafons, and Manner of Pruning
- their Roots and Heads at, ks Time ia
Tranfplanting
XI. Of the MAREN of F rit Tree ae
Gia P. F olivs
ter Planting, their Seafon and Manner Be.
Pruning, Nailing, &c.
KI. Of the great ufe of the Leaves ‘of
_ Frmit-Trets and their ‘Force of imbib~-
- Ing Moifture for the Support of their
Bloffoms, Fruits, &c. 69
XII. Of Blights, and the Manner of. or~
. dering Fruit-Trees, when in, ari ng
out of Bloffom, half Grown, and Ripe 74
XIV. Of the Manner of Gathering Fruits,
aie Preferving them after eae Hd
. Of Cherries
svi Of Apricots ee
XVI. Of Plumbs 90
XVIII. Of Peaches and Neétorines 98
XIX. Of Grapes, and their Ordering _ 110
XX. Of Fig-Trees 118
XXII. Of Strawberries! © “120
XXIL Of Rasberries 122
XXII. Of Goofeberries and Currants: 124
XXIV. Of the Black Mulb 125
XV. Of Philberts, = and Ber-
berries
12
XXXVI. Of Pears and aie I: ss
XXVII. Of Apples 133
A Curious Account of the moft valuable
Cyder Fruits i in Devonfbire 135
ROVER 71S might Ee Meee
To the Nosit1ty and Gentry of GREAT-BRITAIN,
HEREAS the Pleafure of Gardens, and Succefs of Plantations
on the Manner of Laying out, and
Kinds of freées,| that are moft Natural to their Soils:
“Author'’ s Advice an be readily commanded to any P
WHOM
ve By
and IRELAND.
wholly depend
the Choice and Planting fuch
“This is to give Notice, ‘That the
art of Great Britain or "Weland,
Judgment j in.
Puldings in General, are Survey’d, Meafur’d and Valued.
As alfo
Timber Growing or F ell’d,
‘Grotto’ s, Bath’ s, Fountains, * Catcades, @c. made, and Engi
Height required ; Cities, Lordthips, Eftates, &. moft a
and Map’d, and Sun-Dials of
ines for raifing Water. to any
ccurately Suryey’d, Meafur’d
all Kinds made for any Latitude.
' ST ~ \3
—~ / aS S
\ ‘ j +) noel
ye is WY As P
Uf a> &\s SS SY [oe | 34 *
ee | =~ PP . s
J a
We
es
Sy CY 2) S=2
FRUITGARDEN |
“ILLUSTRATED.
a UO LEA RT OH S.
RED AEYL ABR HE firft and moft neceflary Work to be done, before
. ea4| — we begin our Plantations, is, Either to make Choice
_ of a proper Soil, or prepare fuch.as we haye, fit for
the Reception of thofe Fruits which we defire to
< : propagate.
#4) (
YG C8 Ze 7)
ALL the feveral Kinds of Soils may be reduced to Three, viz. :
Sand, - Loam, and Clay ; but ‘tis my Belief, that Sand (only) is a
the pure primitive Earth, afd all others but Com jounds : For, as
‘Mr. Bradley juftly obferves in his Works of Nature, That Sand being
moiften’d with Water, and worked in the Hand to a Lump, and afterwards
‘dried in the Sun, will, when thoroughly dried, fall down into a
Ze | B Heap
ettg
* _ POMONA:
Heap of Sand as before; bur if ‘tis moiften'd in the fame Manner
with Oil, and laid in the Sun to dry, it will incorporate, and
become a very hard Subftance. So, from hence ‘tis very probable,
that different Natures, Colours, and Textures of Earths, are alterd, ac-
cording to the feveral Natures of the various Juices with which they
are mixd., | ‘
NOW feeing that Oily Juices will incorporate with Sand, and become
a hard rough Subftance, and that more or lefs in Proportion to the
Quantity of the Oily Particles contained therein ; ’tis very probable that
from thence it is, that the feveral Sorts of oe are generated.
THE fevers Colours of both Sand and Clay, may very probably
proceed from the different Colours of their Juices ; for Sand moiften’d
with Water has a different Colour from that mix’d ah Milk, Oil, Ce.
Experience demonftrates, that Sand mix’d with Clay, makes a coiieaiaad
Earth called Loam ; 3 which-differs in its Nature, weaning to the Pro-
portion contain’d inna each other.
EQUAL Sk of Sand and Clay, perfectly mix’d together, |
~~ makes the beft (and is called a Middling) Loam.
yA WO Thirds Clay, § and one Third Sand, makes a very ftrong Loam,
Be: led rick -Farth.. -Thefe two Kinds of Loams are the very
‘be S Soils for Apples, Pears, Plumbs, Apricots, and Quinces: The firft
for. the Surface, or firft Strata ; and the laft for the Bottom, or <—
Strata.
\ Two Thirds Sand, and one Third Clay, makes a light Loam,
~ ufaally called Light-Land. Thefe two laft are the beft Soils for Cherries,
~ Peaches, Figs, Vines, doc. this laft Compofition being the fir Strata,
or Surface, and the preceding the Bottom or next lower Strata.
i.
‘ VINES delight i in rich warm soils, and therefore the Sand vet to
~ in Bitar a then the prececingg
Tht
aii
The Frurt-Garpvewn [Iluftrated.
THE Depth of thefe two Stratas taken together, needs never be
more than two Feet, (véz.) The firft Strata, or Surface, 16 Inches, and
the Bottom, or next loweft Strata, 8 Inches : For whatever Nourifh-
ment is imbibed by Trees below this Depth, is crude and undigelted
for want of Heat; therefore whenever Fruit Trees are fuffer'd to
{trike their Tap-Roots fo very deep, they immediately become luxurious,
and their Fruits infipid, ta the over and above Crudity of the Sap im
bibed from below.
IT has been the Pragtice of many eminent Gardeners, to make their
Borders for Fruit Trees full three Feet deep ; and Mr. Wife and Mr.
London, nay, and even Mr. Carpenter alfo, recommends the making of
Earth full three Feet deep, in their French Tranflation of the Retired
Gardener, without confidering the spies Degrees” of Heat in the
Earth, from 1 to 36 Inches deep.
THE Reverend and Learned Mr. Hales, in his Vegetable Staticks,
p- 64. has proved, That at two Feet Depth, ‘tis 27 Degrees colder than
on the Surface, and confequently the deeper we go afterwards, the more
colder.and crude is the Nourifhment.
IF we are fo happy as to have the Liberty of making our own
Choice of a Soil for our Plantation, I advife that it be Land which
has not been difturbed by either Spade or Plough within-the Space
of 50 or 60 Years, and continually fed with Cattle: That it be a
kind, moderate, fandy Loam, of two Spits in Depth, its Bottom ‘incli-
nable to a Brick-Earth, with a moderate Reclination towards the South,
or South declining Eaft about 20 Degrees; and the Springs about ten,
twelve, yc. Feet below the Surface.
TO make Choice of Soils, by their Smells, Taftes, coc. as Mr. Wife
agrees to, in his Treatife aforefaid, is very difficult ; for notwith-
ftanding that their Steams, or Taftes; may be difagreeable to our Pa-
lates, yet “tis very probable that they may be agreeable to Plants, when
Nature has prepared them fit for their Nourifhment. Befides, ’tis not
_ in our Powers to determine the Nature of Soils by Smell or Tafte ; be-
caufe that all Soils contain a great Variety of Juices ; fome neceffary for
the
?
FO: M:Orn- ALY Oy,
ieee iit
the Support of one Kind of Plants, others for other Kinds, which Na-
ture. can diftinguifh and make proper Choice of; but we cannot; for
when we {mell or tafte, tis all the Juices mixt together. Extream Drought,
or extream Wet, caufes Barrennefs in all Kinds of Soils; Sand, and Clay,
moderately moiftened, will produce divers Vegetables, as well Timber
as Fruit-Trees: The Englifb Elm, Cherry, Peach, dc. will grow in a
moift Sand, and the Oak, Pear, Apple, dc. in a ftrong Clay.
BUT when thefe Trees are planted in a moderate moift Loam, their
Growths are much greater in the fame Time; and the like of almoft
every other Plant in the Garden. Therefore when Nature has not fo
well prepared our Soil,. as the Natures of our Trees require, we muft
endeavour to make good fuch Defeéts by Art.
LANDS that are very light and fandy, are beft manured with Clay,
Mud of Rivers, Ponds, 5c. and thofe that are clayey, tiff, wet, cove.
with Sand, Sea-coal-afhes, Street-dirt, and Horfe-dung, well mixt together.
Pigeon’s-dung is alfo a good Manure for cold Lands, being ufed wich
Difcretion. | —
Comp ood. moderate Loam, is Horfe-dung, Cow-
dung, anc Sea-coal-afhes, well mixt with the up-
permoft Spit of a fre w, ina Leftal, for Six Months before.
Rotten. Leaves and the Bottom of Wood-piles, are alfo good Manures
- for ftron& Loams.
ALL Kinds of Soils are greatly improved by early Ridging, for light.
and fandy Lands are made thereby capable of receiving the whole Bene-
fits of Rains, Snow, ¢c. that fall in the Winter, and clayey ftrong Lands
are made mellow, and fit for the Reception of Seed and Plants in the
Spring. And Loams in general, are not only meliorated and {weetned,
by having their Crudities exhaled away by the Sun, Winds, gc. butare
enabled to imbibe freely the great Benefits of Moifture, throushout the
whole Winter, as well as the genial Heat of the Sun, in che: Seiler
which are the yery Life and Support of thofe Vegetables that we defire
to propagate, | #1
3 | CHAP.
The Fruit-GarveEn_ Jduftrated.
(Jain. i '
2] T is well known to Chymifts that Vegetables are compofed of
Five Principles, viz. Sulphur, Volatile Salt, Water, Air, and
at so} Earth, and fince that their Nourifhment is in greateft Part com-
municated to them at their Roots, ‘tis very reafonable to believe, that
when the Earth is capable of nourifhing and fupporting the Growth of
Plants, fhe is then. furnifhed with fufficient Quantities of the Firft Four
Renripie, mend Sulphur, Volatile Sale, Water, and Air.
ey
“AS 5
BY the er Chapter it appears, that the more or t lefs Gann
of oily Juices Earths are mixed with, fo are they more or lefs capable
of Sepang Water, Air, Ci: For Sand and light Loams, will imbibe
‘ith greater Velocity th a Clay and very dtroog. Loame
For the Firft having Ii hiccle or no oully Parcel _ hoe B
mit of a free Entrance ; but the Clay and ftrong Loams, ane great
Quantities thereof, refift the Water's free Paflage therein.
NOW, as Earths are differently ftored with thefe oily Particles,.fo are
they more or lefs furnifhed with each of ‘the aforefaid Principles: Which
feems to bea wife Order of Nature. For as Vegetables are differently
compofed of their Principles, fo are the feveral Kinds of Earths furnifhed
therewith, whereby Nature has adapted every Plant to its proper Soil,
wherein ‘twill thrive beft. 7
SUPPOSE an Oak to be compofed of equal Principles, viz. one
Fifth of Volatile Salt, one Fifth of Sulphur, one Fifth. oh Water, one
Fifth of Air, and one Fifth of Earth ; ‘ghia
oo» i,
© - THEN
PF Oe M:@ NoAr:: Or,
THEN the Nourifhment truly natural to the Oak, is of each an
+ equal Quantity: But when thefe Principles are unequally mixt, be it more or -
def, in any other Soil, and the Oak is tranfplanted therein, the Growth
will be retarded proportionably; becaufe the unequal Mixture of the
feveral Principles are difproportionable to thofe of which the Oak is com-
poled.
HENCE it is that Alders, Willows, Poplars, ¢c. which have
great Quantities of Water in them, cannot thrive in hot and dry Lands.
And contrarily, the Oak, Beech, Cherry, Peach, °c. cannot thrive in
very wet Lands, where the Quantity of Water is in too great a Quanti-
ty for their Support, which rather difunites their Principles, than fapports
them. Therefore to be certain of adapting every Plant to its proper
~ Soil, we muft firft examine the exa& Quantities of each Principle that’s
contain d in every Plant we would propagate, as alfo in the Soils we in-
"tend to cultivate, And then, if we plant our feveral Soils with fuch Ve-
getables whofe Principles are found to be equal, or nearly equal to thofe
of the Soils, we may affure our felves of Succefs, and work with Cer-
tainty ; whereas what has been hitherto well done by every one in Plant-
ing and Gardening, has been by mere Chance only.
Reach of ordinary Ca Dal ities, ‘and require abundance of Accuracy, Judg-
- ment, and Time, which ‘may hinder many from making Refearches
therein; but were fuch a Work judicioufly compleated, ‘twould render the
Practice of Gardening certain and fucce(sful,
‘TIS truc, that thele Inquiries into Vegetable Nature are beyond the
ee ci at
ainary |
ET is with no fmall Concern, that the great Hurry of Bufinefs, and
Want of Time, have prevented the compleating of thefe fo-much wanted
Experiments, which I fhould gladly have obliged the World with, at this
Inftant, fince they are the very Bafis and Life of Planting and Gardening.
But if Life permits, I fhall very fpeedily accomplifh them ; which with
7 © grearelt Accuracy and Juftnefs will be communicated, that every
Lover-of Planting and Gardening, may have a true Underftanding of their
~ feveral different Natures and Qualities, and thereby be always certain of
their defired Succefs, |
”
CHAP.
a a a a
oN ALE EE EERE SET OE | Ey eRe Ne NOE REN SS Ce ae ee meee re eee
*
The Fruit-GarpdeEn IMuftrated.
F
CHAP. ILL
Of the Moifture contained in the Earth, for the Produétion
| and Support of Plants.
sien || S Light Is imperfect when deprived of any one of the feve-
1A eel ral Colours, of which ’tis compofed, which the Prifm exhibits ;
fo likewife are Vegetables imperfect, when any one of their
‘Principles is wanting. And ‘tis very probable, when that moft neceflary
Principle, WATER, is wanting, that the Principles of Volatile Salt, and
Sulphur, are alfo wanting. For ‘tis mote reafonable to believe that they
are contain'd in Water, rather than in Earth. |
ucmany Vegetab
“the Reafon of this is, That theve is a Kind of Salt in the Earth,
‘ avhich animates and fets it upon Aétion.
~~
tan)
“ NOW this Salt can have no Influence unlefs it be diffolved, for
whilft it ts, as it were, fetter’d to the Earth, and ferves to compofé
the fame Mafs with st, it’s uncapable of doing any thing neceffary to
“ a new Produttion ; but when the Water has diffolved ‘the Salt, and
"mingled it with the Parts of the Earth, the Pavts thus animated,
Separate and communicate themfélwes to the Root of the Plants that
“ receive their Nouvifhment from them.” |
I CAN’T
ra + ¥ }
*
POMONA: Or,
I CAN’T fee wherein the Philofophy of thefe Gentlemen confifts,
for the Salt of Vegetables is volatile;. and not a grofs Body, and
therefore has no occafion of a Diflolution to prepare its Parts fit for the
Nourifhment of Plants.
AND again, if this vegetative Salt were contained in the Earth, why
then in very hot and dry Seafons, when no Rains fall in the Space of
fix or feven Weeks, and the Earth becomes fo dry as to be unfit for Vege-
tation, the Plants thereof muft perifh : Becaufe that the Dews (tho’
perhaps very great) are of themfelves incapable of penetrating the Earth
deep enough to diffolve the Salt therein contained ; which they fay mutt
be diffolved, before it can do any Thing neceflary to a new Produétion.
But on the contrary, ‘tis feen that Plants do not-perifh, but oftentimes
make new Produétions in thofe very dry Seafons, which is a convincing
Proof that their nutritive Sale muft be contained in the Dews, which
are then their ‘chief Support, and not in the dry Earth, which is then
renderd nearly incapable of Aétion. :
IF thefe Gentlemen had made Experiments of their. own, and ftri&
Refearches into the wonderful Operations of Nature, they might have dif-
coverd many of her furprizing Ways of working.
THEY might have feen what Preparations are made in the Leaves,
Buds, and Barks of Vegetables, to imbibe Nourifhment from. Dews,
when their Roots are incapable of communicating any, as well as to
perfpire it away when plentifully fupplied therewith: For all the Moifture
imbibed. by Trees, oc. at their Roots, is not wholly imploy’d in
making of Sap, forming new Buds, Branches, ¢9c. as is generally be-
lieved—(But this I fhall fully handle in its Place)—They would alfo have
known the great Power that Air hath on the Growth of Vegetables ;
how it ftrongly attraéts when in a fix’d State, and repels in an elaftick
State : How it helps to diftend their tender ductile Parts, and invigorates
their Sap : And how, by. its mixing with the other Principles, they. are
thereby affimulated into the Nourifhment of the feveral Parts of the Ve-
getable, whereby its Growth is carried on to the greateft Maturity : How
the Growth of Vegetables is perform’d by the infinite Combinations,
Action and Re-aétion of their Principles; and that the volatile Sale,
| 3 and
1
The Frort-Garven Jdufirated.
and Sulphurous Particles of Vegetables, are contained in Rains and Dews,
and not a Part of the Earth, as they imagin’d: .
BUT pardon me for this long Digreffion, and I will proceed to the
Subject in Hand. 4
THE Quantity of Moifture neceflary for the Support of Plants,
fhould be in Proportion to their feveral Natures ; for fome delight in
much, and others in lefs, ¢’c. and therefore Nature has agreeably, at
different Depths, furnifh’d the Surface of the Earth with fuch Quantities
as are neceflary to fupport their feveral Natures.
AND ‘tis obfervable, that thofe Plants whofe Nature require but
litle Moifture, are fhallow rooted ; but thofe that delight in much, ex-
tend their Roots to greater Depths. ,
I HAVE made divers Experiments, in great Variety of Soils, to
difcover the Quantity of Moifture that Nature had provided for the
Support of Plants in dry Seafons, and find, that the greateft Quantity
is always contained in the fecond Foot below the Surface ; which is an
undeniable Direction for the Depths of Soils.
he.Reverend Mr. Hales Sol alfo Wtale the fame, in his
Tagetable pre p. 51. in the Me ‘ollo eae
ON the laft Day of Fuly, in the Year 1724. he dug up a Cubick
Foot of Earth from the Surface of an Alley in his Garden ; and putting
it into a Cubical Veflel, whofe Weight was before known, he weighed
it, and found its Weight equal to 104 Pounds one Fourth, Averdupois.
- THIS done, he dug up a fecond Cubical Foot of Earth from the
Bottom of the firft, whole Weight was 106 Pounds fix Ounces : And,
laftly, a third Cubical Foot from the Bottom of the fecond, which
weighed 111 Pounds + one Third.
THESE three Feet in Depth were a good Brick-Earth ; but below
them a Gravel of two Feet depth, under which the Springs did then
. run,
D : I weighed
10
POMONA: @;
and perfpired by Plants.
I weighed a Cubical Foot of Rain Water, and found its Weight to
be nearly 50 Pounds Averdupois, which is very little more than half
the fpecifick Gravity of Earth: But Spring-water 1s oftentimes fomething
heavier, according to the different Nature of the Earth or Mineral from
which it {prings.
AFTER thefe three feveral Cubick Feet of Earth were weighed, they
were laid thin, that their Moifture might be the fooner exhaled ; and
‘twas found, that when the firft Cubick Foot was become fo dry and ~
dufty as to be unfit for Vegetation, it had loft fix Pounds + eleven
Ounces of Water, which is near one Eight Part of its firft Bulk.
THE {econd Cubick Foot being not fo dry when the firft was weighed,
was left fome Days longer, and being then weighed, had loft ten Pounds
of its Weight.
THE third Cubick Foot being very dry, had loft eight Pounds + eight
Ounces, viz. one Seventh Part of its firft Bulk. |
FROM thefe Experiments it appears, That the fecond Cubick Foot
decreafed in Weight the moft, (but indeed ‘twas fome fmall Matter dryer
than either the firft or third) and confequently contained as much or more
Moifture than chat next below it. And ‘tis obferveable, that the Roots
of mof Plants that are of a large and quick Growth, poffes that
| Depth, probably, becaufe in that Depth the Juices are -meliorated and
made fitter for the Nourifhment of Plants, than thofe that are deeper,
_ which, for want of the genial Heat of the Sun (being crude and un-
prepared) are unfit for the Support of Vegetables.
BUT notwithftanding that the Moifture in the three next lower
Strata’s is not fo well prepared for the Nourifhment of Plants ; yet’tis
abfolutely neceflary that ir fhould be there in Store, to fucceed that
which is imbibed and perfpired away by Plants, as they advance in Growth:
- For if there was not a Succeffion of Moifture conftantly alcending,
*ewould be impoffible for Plants to live in very dry Seafons; which will
appear when I come to demonftrate the Quantities of Moifture imbibed
2 AND
The Frurr-Garovewn IIluftrated.
a
AND it is from thefe Supplies of Moifture, that deep Soils fupport
their Plants in very dry Seafons, when thofe on fhallow dry-bottom’d °
Lands perifh : For tho’ the Moifture of thefe deep Stratas is not fit for
the Nourifhment of Plants, when fo very deep, yet as it afcends and
comes nearer to the Surface, ‘tis better prepared, and at length made fit
for their Reception.
THE Moifture contain’d in the lower Strata’s, is, in fome mealure,
tais'd by the attractive Power of the Sun, as well as by the imbibing
Force of Vegetables ; which laft is undoubtedly much ftronger than
the firft, becaufe thofe Countries which greatly abound with Woods,
have greater Rains than thofe that are unplanted : For the Roots of
Trees having a very great imbibing Force, do draw up and imbibe
great Quantities of Moifture, which they are continually perfpiring away
at their Leaves, and thereby furnifh the Atmofphere with great Quan-
tities of Water, which unplanted Lands cannot do. |
"TIS obfervable that Rains will freely penetrate the Earth Two Feet
deep, but feldom freely deeper, therefore at that Depth there is contain’d
not only the Rain Water, but the Spring Water alfo, in fuch Quantity
as ‘tis raifed by the Two attractive Powers aforefaid: Which Depth Na-
ture feems Wiftty-to—hevechafen, not only that the genial Heat of the
Sun can there prepare the crude rancid fit for the Nourifhment
of Vegetables, but the fcorching Rays of the Sun, and drying Winds,
cannot prefently exhale away the neceflary Moifture, fo as to deprive Plants
of their Support. ;
IF any doubt the Afcenfion of Moifture, let them read Mt. Hales’s
Vegetable Staticks, Pag. 54: and 55. _ Having thus explain’d the Man--
ner of Nature’s fupplying Plants with Moifture in hor and dry Seafons,
from the loweft Strata’s of the Earth; perhaps it mayn't be amifs if I
fhould fpeak a Word or two, in relation to Dews, which are very re- ©
frefhing to Plants in dry and hot Seafons.
BY an Experiment made Auguft 15. by Mr. Hales (vide his Staticks,
Pag. 53.) it appears, that two glazed Earthen Pans, which were three
Inches deep, and twelve Inches Diameter in Surface, fill’d with pretty
2 moift
"12
POMON A: QO,
moift Earth; increafed in Weight by one Night's Dew, 180 Grains, and
the next Day decreafed, one Ounce + 282 Grains. And that nothing
might add to, or fubtract from, the Accuracy of this curious and ufeful
Experiment, Mr. Hales placed thofe two Pans, in two other broader Pans,
to preveat any Moifture fticking to their Bottoms, which might make
the Quantity of Dew fallen, feem to be greater than it actually was.
AND ‘twas found that a greater Quantity of Dew fell on that Earth
which was moft moift, than on that which was drier, and more than a
double Quantity on Water, than an equal Surface of moift Earth. For
the Particles of Dew and Water being Homogeneous, do attract each other
with a much greater Force, than Earth and Dew do, that are Hetero-
geneous.
“ THE Evaporation of a Surface of Water in a Winter's Day of nine
“ Hours, is -+ of an Inch, of Ice fet in the Shade for the fame Space of
** time 34 of an Inch.
NOW if from the above Quantity evaporated 762 Grains, which
are equal to 1 Ounce + 282 Grains,
You fubtra& the Dew receiv’d in one Night - 180
FHe-Retlerence 1s VS a hy
This Difference of 582 Grains is the extraordinary Quantity evaporat
from a Circular Area of Earth of one Foot Diameter every 24 Hours in
the Summer, more than falls in Dew in the Night. Which in 21 Days,
is near’26 Ounces.
For — 582 the Quantity daily evaporated,
Multiply’d by 21 the Number of Days ;
582 |
1164.
The Produ is 12222 ~— Grains.
And
i i
Pree
The FrurtT-GarvDeEN ILduftrated.
a3
And fince 480 Grains is equal to one Ounce, therefore divide the
Produ& 12222, by 480, as follows.
480)12222(25 Ounces.
960
2622
2.400
222 Grains remaining, which are
but 258 Grains, fhort of an Ounce complete, to make the whole
26 Ounces. —
NOW to find the Quantity of Moifture exhaled from a greatet
Quantity of Ground, as a Rod, Acre, @’c. we muft proceed as follows :
But that every thing may be fully clear'd, I will go through the whole
Operation, that every one may have a perfect Underftanding ; for the
Knowledge thereof is of very great Importance to a good Gardener.
The circular Area before mentioned, being one Foot Diameter,
its ope ce ed in Inches may be thus found, wiz.
Spore ‘the Diameter multi, rt Diend t Toy leven. nel dividing the
i Product by fourteen, the Sesera will be the Area required.
gies EXAMPLE.
POMONA: Or,
- equal to one Seventh.
Ceci Cre ar pai capesareer
Sy ee ae ee ee ee ee -
EXAMPLE :
The Diameter 12 Inches. | | a
Multiplyed by 12 | =
24
12
The firft Produ& is 144
Which multiply by 11
Pree mtd
So ea oo met 4h ts Sy aia... nist = 2 or
The 2d Produ&,7
which divide by ~7e@14)1584(113 $ The Quotient, which is the Num-
SHG GA 2. 1 PEA ber of fquare Inches inethe Area
| ssn aoe or Circle, whofe Diameter was
or one Foot, or twelve Inches.
/
ae ERRNO :
SBS Bee ee:
Son yt .
eee: sean a § tile ai a eek
_—
Sb a, Se or a
ains, which
—— “= ass
S eaehy = te eS ie ae eicoae
<—< PE ee . So ee at
gee =f es ae Se
is equal to + of the Divifor, ©
se
THE fecond Work is, to find the Number of {quare Inches in a {quare
Foot: ‘Which is known by multiplying twelve Inches the one Side of the
Square, by twelve, another Side of the Square, and the Produét will be
equal to 144, which is the Number. of {quare Inches contained in a
fquare Foot, ee
eee dP Te
The Frurt-GarvdeEn IMnftrated. 15
EXAM P LB.
| 12 Inches, one Side of a Square Foot.
Multiply'd by 12 one of the other Sides.
24
120
Se
The Produ& 144 Which are the Square Inches in a oey
3 Foot as required.
THE third Work is to find the tii of Square Feet‘in a Square
Red, Pole, or Perch, which are alfo found by multiplying 16 Feet and
a half, (the Number of Feet contained in a Rod. in Length) by the
fame, and their Product is the Number of Square Feet. required.
EXAMPLE
Feet. Inches.
Tee 66
16: = * 66 :
The Produ& . 272 :. 03. .Which are the Square Feet con-
| | » tairled in one sate Rod: as
‘* ; + equi Gg Sago
| “AND as an Acte of fend contains Ais Poles, or Rods, the be Cale
| culation may be es for any Quantity required.
AS: ips a ¢y3 LdS sms 3o S55 sere = |
A ‘SQUARE Pole whok Sides are = eae Beat to 16 Feet 4)
contains 39204 Square Inches, which being divided by 113, the Area of
"the Circular Foot, omitting the Fraction, the Quotient is 346 174.
3 2 : AN D,
16
POMOWN A: Or,
AND, as it has been proved, that in 21 Days near 26 Ounces were
evaporated from one Circular Foot, therefore multiply 346 (the Number
of Circular Feet in one Square Rod) by 26, (the Quantity evaporated
from the Surface of a Circular Foot in 21 Days) and the Product will
be 8996, which is very near the Quantity of Ounces that are evaporated
from the Surface of one Rod in 21 Days.
IF 8996 be divided by 16, (the Ounces in a Pound Averdupois)
the Quotient will be 562 4, the Quantity of Pounds Weight evaporated.
IF we admit, chat one Pound of Water is equal to one Pint, we may
eafily reduce the 562 2 Pounds into Gallons : For 562 being divided
by 8, the Number of Pints in a Gallon, the Quotient is 26 44, the
Quantity of Gallons evaporated from one Square Rod in 21 Days.
NOW by the Rule of Proportion :
IF, in 21 Days, 8 996 Ounces be evaporated from one Square Rod,
what Quantity is evaporated =e the fame Surface in 21 Days ?
ANSWER. 428 Ounces, equal to 26 Pounds 12 Ounces, equal
to three Gallons, one Quart, aad chxce Quarterns,
ieee |
N.B. IF the judicious Gardener does well confider this, he will
be eafily led into the Reafons of watering Plants in dry Seafons.
NOW, fecing that we have obtained the daily Evaporation of one
Rod, I will proceed to a further Enquiry, viz, What Quantity of
Moifture is evaporated in the Space of a whole Summer ; which I begin at
the 1 5th of May, and end at the 15th of Ofober, containing 154 Days.
BLY the Rule of Proportion : |
_~ TE, from the Surface of one Rod, 428 Ounces are evaporated in one
Day, what Quantity will be evaporated from the fame Surface in 15.4
Daya: cs sh : |
2 — ANSWER.
Oe Teer Oe i.
SE ee CE apt area I ie “eae
[he Fruit-Garvewn? [hufrated.
17
ANSWER. 65912 Ounces, wget to 4119 Pounds 4, equal to
514 Gallons, + Pint, equal to 14 Barrels, 10 Gallons, « Pint.
NOW to find the Quantity of Moifture evaporated from one Acte,
in the fame Time, proceed by the fame Rule; viz.
IF from the Surface of one Rod, 65912 Ounces are evaporated in
154 Days, what Quantity will be evaporated from the Surface of an
Acre (vz. 160 Rods) in the fame Time ?
ANSWER. 10545920 Ounicés, equal to 659120 Pounds, equal
to 82390 Gallons, equal to 2316 Barrels, 14 Gallons.
- NOW, as we have made this Calculation, let us proceed a little
further, and enquire what Depth of Water is evaporated from’ the Sur-
face of the Earth every Day, whereby fome Proof may be given fot
the preceding Calculation.
“ NIC. Crugnius (as Mr. Hales obferves, p. 55.) N° 381. of the
& F bi epics} Zi Pata at found that 28 Inches Depth evaporated in
role.-Xeartrom Water, 4..¢. 73 of an g Jah each Pie at a mean
a —- “Bae he —— in a Summer ~ ae
© Inch; fo the Evaporation of -a Surface of Water isto he Evaporation
“ of a Sickie of Earth in Summer, as ten is to three.”
FOR fince that = of an Inch is evaporated daily (ee Water; ‘bie:
- fore, in twelve. an there will be one entire Inch in Depth evaporated ;
and confequently in 144 Days, (which as much about: the Length of a
Summer) one entire Foot in Depth, -provided that Rains were “not, or
do not fall in that-Time, From this we may eafily account for the
Wate of Wotan in mage ee Canals, Qe:
“BUT fince eae the Earth doth; evaporate but 75 of an ae ina Biny,
therefore one entire Inch in Depth cannot be evaporated under 40 Days.
“/AND as the firft Cubical Foot of Earth, in the preceding Experi-
ment, had wafted 194 Cubick Inches of Water, which render’d the
F | Earth
BOM .O Now: Or;
a ee
Earth unfit for Vegetation ; therefore if from one Foot Square there are
144 Cubical Inches evaporated in 40 Days, (twill require 53 Days $ to
evaporate 194 Inches, to rendet the Earth jas dry and unfit for Vege-
tation as aforefaid : Which 53 Days %, is about the one third Part of a
Summer ; and ’tis always feen, that when we are without Rains for fo
long a Space of Time, the Surface of the Earth, for a full Foot in Depth,
is fo very dry, as to be unfit for Vegetation.
B Y_ the preceding Calculation it has been demonftrated, That 514
Gallons were evaporated from one Rod of Ground in 154 Days ; but
by the Evaporation of 4 of an Inch in a Day, it appears to be fome-
thing (tho’ very little) more. .I will demonftrate the fame in the fol-
lowing Operation.;
SINCE that two Square Feet’ contain» 288 Square Inches, which
are evaporated in 40 Days, and 288 Cubical Inches being equal to one
Gallon, ‘tis evident that one Square Foot that contains 144 Square
Inches, being taken at one Inch in Depth, is equal to two Quarts, ‘or
half a Gallon ; and confequently 272 Square Feet : (which is equal
to. a Rod) docks evaporate in 40 Days, 272 times } the Quantity of
one Foot, which is equal to 545 Quarts, equal to 136 Gallons one
Quart; equal to three Bartels 7 and one Quart, See the Operation, §
= ¥ %
Ve ae
The Cubical. Lohan in one Gallon . ne SaR coetces: Prone
The Cubical Inches.in- two. Quarts 144» ~ equal to the Square Inches
in a Square Foot.
The Number of Feet i in a Soe Rod’ 172 SIE 10 1, Goes o ?
Which multiply bys: Ihio' Se Sc eis gel conceit din, one
“Square Foot, atione “ye in Depth; »§ —-~
Product sic 2iissi tse loves es HS Fhgu
SO whigh:add~ silks wis. ayy Gate oy 1 for — —— a Foot mul-
tiplied by 2, equal: to 2 : Foot, cgi —-——) to one —— And
The Produé& is - - 545 Quarts, the
Couaye eva~
in oi from one Rod of Ground j in the tose of 40 <a |
* : + -¥ eo i : ‘
rx. , F a oa :
nd ee es * 7 ‘ NOW
te. 2 ed
The FruitT-GarRvEN \JUuftrated.
eS
NOW divide 545 by 4, the Quarts in a Gallon;
4)§45(136 4 the Number of Gallons.
.:
14
12
2)
24
i Remainder, equal to one Quart.
NOW fay, If in 40 Days 136 Gallons are evaporated from the
Surface of one Rod, how many are evaporated in 154 Days?
ANSWER. 523 3, which will appear by multiplying i54 by 1365
and dividing their Produét by 40, the Quotient will be 523 3, as
it Tae See the Cusaaon.
THE Proportion 1s this ;
7 sei nate ube abo
As 40°%s~ to196; fois 154 t0 523: Therefore place yout canbe
as following ; a a fi:
| fia 1036 Rag e623" 4
136
924
462
| 54 | ap
The Product, ‘which pe by 49)299446533 . 3
o
:
=... 2
ee Pek at
‘ i
94
$0
—_—_—
144
fhe
Ag
Be kak hy Ae es neue, Fecal to. 24, or,
Pes “ cea eS ' ' : a3, or qf, or 4,
NOW,
20
POMON A: Or,
NOW, if we compare this Quantity thus obtain’d, with the other
before obtain’d, we fhall find their Differenee to be inconfiderable :
The Gallons before found to evaporate from one Rod in sat 514
RAIS WHE aa ee area in eee ee eae
The Gallons now found at = of an Inch per Diem for 15 % 523
Days - = = : “ eS
— ee
The Difference is s - = ~ - - ¥
Therefore the Evaporation of Earth is nearly =4 of an Inch in a Day,
as before faid. O.E. D.
AC CORDIN G to the Experiments of the Reverend and Learned
Mr. Hales, p. 56. it appears, “That the Quantity of Rain and Dew,
“ which falls in.a, Year, is at a Medium 22 Inches.
©THE Quantity of the Earths Evaporation in a Year, is, at leaft,
“9 + 4 Inches, fince that is the Rate at which it evaporates in a Sum-
* mer’s Day. oo % 3 agua
© FROM which 9 + 2 Inches, are to be deducted 3.39 Inches, for
“ circulating Dew, there remains 6.2. Which 6, 2 Inches_ deducted
“ from the Quantity of R in which falls in a Year, there remains at
“ Jeaft 16 Inches Depth, to replenifh the Earth with Moifture fr for
“Vegetation, and to fupply the Springs and Rivers.”
THIS 16 Inches Depth of Water, with which the Earth js replenifh’d,
and Springs and Rivers {upplied;-would be all evaporated in the Space
of 640 Days, which is but’ one Year and nine Months, three Weeks
and three Days, were the Earth to be fo long without Rains, So eafily
would the whole World be deftroy'd, were we not to receive thofe
continual circulating Bleffings of Rain and Dew - The Truth of which
appears by the following Calculation :
| ar has already been proved, that an Inch Depth of Water is evapo-
rated’ in’ 4O Days therefore tultiply 16, the Inches Depth of Water
%s, Supa ‘Of ‘Springs, dc. by 40, the Number of Days that one
eee : | —— Inch
T
The Frvrt-Garpen Muftrated. 21
Inch is evaporating, i the Product will be 640 Days, which being
divided by 7, the Days i ina Week, the Quotient will be 91 + Weeks,
equal to one Year, nine Months, three Weeks, and three Days.
The Days that one Inch deep is evaporating away,are 40
The mean Depth of Water in the Earth, Se
the SHEPO of Rivers, Springs, Plants, Cr 16 Inches.
240
40
The Produ&.: Which divide by =) po 7)640(91 Weeks equal
to one Year, nine Months, and three Weeks, 63.
Z
eo
3 Days remain,
NOW, whilft that 16 Inches deep are evaporating from the Earth,
there will be at the fame time, fout Feet, five Inches, 4 Depth of Water
evaporated from Seas and Rivers; for (as before) it was fhewn, that
an Inch Depth of Water was evaporated in 12 Days; therefore if we
divide ete {he Number of eth the 16 Inches of Water i i vapas
Diels _which i is
the Dep of Water that would be Silas in 640 Devs
Bees: + Inches Depth. .
60°.
tid gA0!%
36
252% Remains, equal to 3.
WE having gone Me fich Parts. that: have infoomsde Us how to
account for the Quantity « of Water that is daily evaporated by the Sun,
go. we fhould now take fome Notice of the Quantity of Moifture that
is imbibed from the eo, ih the Roots, ans of ee away thro’ the
Leaves of Plants. 5. o i S28 iOk
POMON A: Or,
22
FOR thereby we fhall be able to determine what Moifture is fuifficient
for the Support of every Vegetable committed to our Care, and behold
the great Beauties contained in their different Natures and Conftitutions.
THE Experiment made by Mr. Hales on the Sun-Flower, (p. 4.
' Vegetable Staticks) will give us a very great Help herein : It was then
obferv’d, That the Space of Ground that its Roots occupied, evaporated
fomething more than ten Pounds, and two Ounces, in the Space ee
Days, and the Plant imbibed at the fame time 29 Pounds, therefore the
Quantity evaporated and imbibed was 39 Pounds: And as the Roots
occupied about four Cubical Feet of Ground, the Moifture wafted by
Evaporation and Perfpiration, was more than the Earth would have
evaporated (had-no Sun-Elower been planted in it) in the Space of 100
Days and upwards. For as we allow one Pound of Water to be a
Pint, the 39 Pounds are 39 Pints; and fince that one Pint contains 36
Cubical Inches, therefore 39 contains 1404.
| roa sa
“=
Product. 1404. the Number of Cubical dnchss
| of Moifture wafted. from. four Cul ica | Feet i in 21 Days.
“AN D fince chat the Surface or. fuperficial Content of four Square Feet
(the Surface of four Cubical Feet) is equal to 576 Inches; therefore divide
1404, by 576, and the Quotient will be 2 33 sci to +1, which is
fomething more than 2 Inches in Depth, which requires more than
100 Days for its Evaporation.
144 ~ the Inches in the upper Surface of 1 Cubical Foot,
Multiply’d by 4 the Number of Cubical Feet ;
The Product 1 is 576 By. which divide 1404,
576)1404(2 3 3. The Depth on four Cubical Feet ;
isa =
352 Retailer, atte to +s when reduced
Now
A iat adil rg cae 7
TRE ere Serer Eee PMI Nota By deer
The Fru1t-Garoven IIluftrated.
“3
NOW feeing that the Sun-Flower imbibed the Moifture with very near
three times the Velocity that the Sun evaporated it, 2%. as 10 is to 29,
which is very near as one is to three; when we water the Sun-Flower in
very dry Seafons, we fhould allow four times the Moifture that is eva-
porated by the Sun, which before was proved to be near 27 Pints to
one Red, viz. 108 Pints, which is equal to 13 Gallons + per Diem.
And the like of all other Vegetables, in Proportion to their different
Powers of Perfpiration. |
TF all the beft Kinds of Fruits were planted in Pots, and cover'd
with Lead, as in the Experiment of the Sun-Flower, we might very
eafily know theit different Powers of imbibing and perfpiring : But then
Care muft be taken to proportion the Magnitude of the feveral Plants,
as near equal as can be, and to make the Weights of the feveral Pots
and Earth equal ; that by giving cach Plant an equal Quantity of Water,
we may every Evening fee the Quantities perfpired, by the Difference of
their Weights.
TO be very accurate in thefe Experiments, ‘tis neceflary to make
Experiments on Plants of one, two, three, four, five, Cc. Years
G that we might difcover with what different Force they im-
owt
And when we are thus inform’d of the different Powers of Perfpiration,
we may, by comparing their Magnitudes with the Magnitudes of other
Plants, know their Perfpirations alfo.
AND fince that the Perfpiration of Plants will be found to be as
different as the Degrees of Heat and Cold ; *twould be well worth our
~ while to place Thermometers againft our Plants, to know what De-
grees of Heat caufed fuch and fuch Perfpirations: And if againft thofe
feveral Degrees were placed the Perfpirations of thofe Plants, we might
at all times afterwards behold and account for thofe very great and won-
derful Operations of Nature, which will be a continual Entertainment,
: as well as a Directory alfo, teaching us when and how we are to relieve
our curious Plants and Fruits, in hot and dry Seafons. 7
, . es ey
qf Se BUT
ae
bibe and perfpire, as they adVarreedsia_Age, nd their Sap-Veffels harden : —
94 POMONA: Or,
ee
BUT as Experiments of this Nature mutt be begun early in the
Spring, and obferv’d thro’out a whole Summer, I therefore do intend fy
(God willing) to begin this Work the next Spring, and continue it
thro’out the whole Summer ; after which I will communicate all my
Obfervations. thereon, for the Pleafiure and Improvement. of thofe that
delight, and are concern’d in thofe innocent Amufements of Planting
and Gardening.
Of the Mamer that Nature fupports Puanrs with
~ Moitture, and its Effeds on the Growth of TREES.
Ala eho es
BepLANTS are fupported’ with Moifture, by Rains, Dews, a
AD TES Springs, doc. which they receive at their Bark, Buds, and :
CIF Leaves, as well as at their Roots.
% =
warm and dry, : or hot and dr 2 Days, they rective’their Nou-
nt 2 theit oots only, bec: u e that then they are in a per{piring
d therefore muft be fupported’ at their Roots only ; for Tiées
that grow in the open Air, cannot imbibe and perfpire at their Leaves,
oc. at.the. fame time: But in an Evening, when the Heat of the Day
is over, then they are changed from their perfpiring to a ftrongly im-
bibing State, imbibing plentifully the Dew and Rain, when any happen,
at their Leaves and Bark, as well as the Moifture of the Earth at their
*
Rowe
LE any | difpute or doubt the. Perfpiration of Plants, let dheni tad
Mr. Hales’ s Vegetable Staticks, which, in faét; fhould be tead and well
underftood by every one that would underftand the Reafons of their
feveral Operations in Gardenin
. = IN
The Fruit-Garven Iuftrated..
=).
IN cool or wet Days, the Perfpiration of Pha is not fo oteat, as
in dry and hor Days ; nay, very often they have no Beripiettion at all,
but are in an imbibing State, efpecially in warm wet Weather.
AND when cold wet Weather continues a long while, Trees become
faturated with Moifture ; and then it is that their Sap is full of Crudities,
for want of a drying Air to perfpire it away, which renders their Fruits
immature, with infipid Taftes.
THIS is manifefted when wet and cold Summers iil and
therefore, even for this only Reafon, ‘tis abfolutely neceffary, that the
Branches of Trees fhould be kept very thin, fo as to let in as much
Air as is neceflary to perfpire away the Chidiie of the Sap.
THIS is the real Caufe of the lower Branches of ‘Trees, which ftand
thick together in a Wood, being dead, or very near it, whilft thofe on
their very Tops are in a thriving healthy State.
FOR séewihilandiad that the lower Branches are neareft to the Root,
and confequently receive their Sap before thofe at the Top, yet for
: Tank of fee the: Air, fan Be cannot Pt eee Me as thereof,
Tops, which eet enjoy a fee Air, tho’ f farchelE fiom the ‘Root,
perfpire freely, and expand much. And on the contrary, Trees that
ftand fingle, have their largeft and ftrongeft Branches next the Roots,
and the very weakeft at their Tops ; > for fuch Trees having a free Per-
fpiration in all their Parts, their lower Branches are firft furnifh’d with
“Sap, which sagt them ftronger than thofe that are higher, and laft
ferved. And ’tis from this that Foreft Trees acquire their beautiful
Pyramidical Forms, the Force of the Sap being proportionably fpent, in
the feveral Stages of their lateral Branches, as they afcend in Heighth.
AND as every Stage of Branches are fhaded by the next above them,
’tis therefore that they become naked, and only produce Leaves at their Ends,
as in the Cafe of Trees planted eat together in a Wood. But if the
middle of Trees are kept open, as Dwarf Trees in Gardens, or very
thin of Wood, then all their feyeral Branches will have a free Perfpi-
H ration
26
POM O.N As On
rs
ration in all their Parts, and confequently be full of Buds, Leaves, and
Shoots,
.
THIS I advife my Readers to confider well, for hereon depends the
whole Succefs of our Labours, which I fhall fully demonftrate when I
come to lay down the Reafons and Manner of Pruning.
BY the preceding Account it appears, That ‘tis very Beneficial to
water the Leaves and Branches of Fruit Trees in an Evening, when
. Seafons are very dry.
‘ THE 20th Experiment of Mr. Hales, mention’d in_ his Vegetable
Staticks, p..62. proves, That at two Feet Depth the Heat is very
confiderable and conftant ; that, is, the fame by Night .as_ by Day,
~ and that by its ftrong Influence, great Quantities of Moifture are con-
tinually raifed from the lower Strata's, during the warm Summer Seafon,
for the Support of Plants: ‘‘ The Impulfe of the Sun-Beams giving
the Humidity of the Earth a brisk undulated Motion, which 3 watry
“ Particles, when feparated and rarified by Heat, do afcend in Form of
“‘ Vapour, and vigoroufly enter the Roots of Plants.”
THEREFORE as this Gentleman further obferves, p. 66.) ‘tis
very reafonable to believe, That the Roors of Vegecables are thus, by
Means of the Sun’s genial Heat, continually water d with new Supplies
of Moifture : For if the Humidity of the Earth did not. thus afcend,
the Roots of Vegetables muft receive all the Nourifhment which they
have from the Earth, merely by imbibing the next adjoining Moifture
contain’d in thofe Shells of Earth which enclofe their Roots ; and
if fo, why then that Earth which is next to their Roots would be
always much dryer than that which is farther from it, which is not
always fo: And again, if this was the Cafe, why then Plants that grow
in the Earth, and root very fhallow, would be as foon perifh’d for
want of Moifture, as the fame Plants when they are planted in large
Tubs, fuch as thofe in which we plant our Orange Trees, whofe Bottoms
preventing the rarified Vapour from penetrating the Roots of the within
planted Trees, they do therefore foon exhauft away all the Moifture
containd in the Earth of the Tub, and perifh if not fupplied with
more,
AND
t
The Frui1t-GarDeEn Thuftrated..
27
AND again, (as this Gentleman further obferves) if Plant were not
thus fupplied with Moifture from the lower Strata’s, how would it be
pofible for them to fubfift in very hor Latitudes, as thofe within 10
or 15 Degrees of the Equinoétial Line, where they are often without
Rain for many Months.
THEREFORE the genial Heat of the Sun being in Conjunétion
with the Aftraction of the capillary Sap-Veflels, the Moifture is raifed,
imbibed, and carried up thro’ the Bodies and Branches of Plants, and
therice pafling into the Leaves, it is there moft vigoroufly acted upon in
thofe thin Plates, and put in an undulating Motion by the Sun’s
Warmth, whereby i it is moft plentifally thrown off, and perfpired thro’
their Surface ; whence, as foon as it is difentangled, it mounts with great
Rapidity into the Air.
NOW, from what is here deliver'd, ‘tis plain, That deep and
ftrong-bettom’d Lands, which always abound with great Quantities of
Moifture i in their lower Strata’s, are the only Lands which we are to make
Choice of for our Plantations of Fruits : That when hot and dry Seafons
happen, they may be able to fubfift without great Labour and Expence
in Watering» which maul be at thofe Seafons when we plant in fhallow,
light, _ dry=botromr’d-Seils;—fach. ands Gravels, or.
CHAP.
«~
—e
| 28.
“HO MONA: Or,
i Ne. *
a
Fs be
CHA PF.
Of the GrowTn and Maturity of PLANTS.
Fey) HE firft Operation of Nature, after fowing the Seed of a
Bi | Vegetable, is to imbibe as much Moifture as is neceflary for
GIHGkse) its Germination, whereby it fwells with very great Force,
Force Mr. Hales has proved. in his Experiment on Peafe, which he
put in an Iron Pot with Water, and, as they dilated themfelves, they
raifed 184 Pounds. Vide Vegetable Staticks, p. 94.
Now feeing that Seed cannot ftrongly germinate without a fufficient
Quantity of Moifture, ‘tis no ,wonder that bad Crops are produced,
when fown late in dry Seafons: Therefore the old Maxim of fowing
dry, feems to be a Miftake, except in Lands that are naturally very wet.
AND fince that Seeds dilate themfelyes with very great Force at
their Germination, therefore che Soil wherein they are fow'd fhould
be well meliorated by digging, d’c. not only for their free Dilatations,
but for the more eafy Penetration of their tender Plumes, or firft leading
Shoots into the Air, as well as their Radicles, or firft fhooting Roots,
with their fubfequent Fibres, in the Earth, For when the Radicles
cannot freely penetrate the Earth, ‘tis impoffible that they can imbibe
fufficient Moifture neceflary for the Production of good Plants.
N. B. LF any defire to be inform’d bow Nature operates from the
Germination of Seed to the Formation of Buds, Shoots, &c. let
them vead Mr. Hales’s Vegetable Staticks, p. 329, 3.49, 351.
THE Shoots or Branches of Trees are produced by the gradual Di-
latation and Extenfion of ‘their Buds ; for all Branches and Fruits are
form’d in the very fame Proportion as they afterwards appear when fully
grown. =
SOME
t
The Frur1t-GarvdEN Tuftrated. "
“9
SOME: Kinds of Fruits difcover their Embrio Shoots, and Fruits,
“within the Bud, vifible to the naked Eye, without the Help of a Micro-
{cope ; as the. Bud. of a Mulberty, flic thro’ from. the .Vertex..to. its
Bale, exhibits the Fruit with its next adjoining Leaves, which Nature
has carefully placed, not only to wrap up and preferve the tender Fruit
during the Winter's Cold, ro¥attract Nourifhment, and perfpire away the
Crudities of the Sap, but to expand themfelves in fuch Manner, fo as to
preferve the tender Sap-Veflels of the Fruits, duting their Growths, from
the drying Winds and {corching Rays of the Sun.
THE Growth of Branches are always proportionable to the Nature
of the Seafon in which they are produced. we Springs do always pro-
duce the longeft and largeft Shoots, becaufe their foft duétile Parts do
then continue longer in a moift tender State ; but in a dry Spring the
Fibres foon harden, and ftop the further Growth of the Shoot, their
Sap-Veflels being dried by their great Perfpiration, caufed by the extra-
ordinary Heat. The moft genial Heat for our Englifh Plants is from
17 to 30 Degrees ; which Heat generally happens in the Months of
May and Fune, when Plants in general ourifh moft.
A COLD Spring has a worle Effect on the tender Parts of Shoots,
than a cold Autumn ; for as the young Shoots of Plants have a greater
Proportion or Quaneiey-of-Salt_and Water in them at their Spring, than
“1 the Autumn, they are more liable to be injard-by»Gold.than in the
Autumn, when they are in a more advanced Age, and their Quantity
of Oil increafed proportionable to their Degree of Maturity : For the
great Work of ‘Nature, in bringing Fruits and Seeds to Maturity, is,
to combine together in a ‘due Proportion, the more active and noble
Principles of Sulphur and Air, thac conftirute Oil, which, in its moft
refined State, is never found without fome Degree of Earth and. Salt in
it. And the more perfect this Maturity is, the more firmly are thofe
Principles united. Vide Vegetable Staticks, p. 322.
FROM what has been deliver'd in refpeé to the Growth of Shoots
in a dry Spring, it appears, That if weak Trees are then oftentimes re-
frefhed with Waterings, fo as to keep their foft duétile Parts fupple, ‘twill
greatly add to their Growth. And on the contrary, the Growth of
luxuriant Trees, for want of fuch Moifture, are, by a dry Spring, retarded,
and thereby made fruitful, wae
t GHAP.
sant O, MAO NDA: Ore
C: Hed Pi io Mes?
Of the pe of Preparing Lands for Plantations y
»EruitT-TeeeEs.
Z : = = HE. bett Seafon for. preparing Lands, wherein we defign to
& make Plantations of Fruit-Trees; is Ofober,.or as foon after
~as the Moifture of the Ground will admit:
1F your Ses is, oo re is, when abode two. Feet j in Depth,
beft to trench it two Spits, and Te Crumb (as term’d by cone
in Depth, laying the Spit that is taken’ from the Bottom in Ridges, that
the Winter Rains and Frofts may mellow it; and exhale away the Cru-
dities thereof. But if your Land is fhallow, the beft Method is to dig
it one fingle Spit only, and that to be laid in ate! for the Ration
aforefaid, and. level’ a “aaa
*
ee =< are singh 5 att — sorEect] ps
IF your Land is not over freth or 1ich, would o vey ferviceable
to mix in the Working a good Coat of Horfe-dung well rotted, fuch as
old Cucumber and Melon Beds, ¢°c. but not. new Dung on any account,
it being perfect Poifon to the Roots Sha bac tplate=s acess
IN the “Tiencliite of Land, C Gare fhould-be as - iB Workmen
don’t leave Cores of undifturb’d Earth between the bottom Spits of each
Trench, as they are apt to do, when they work by the Grate, (nay,
whe by the Day) and that their Spits are’of a moderate Size ; for when
Lands ~are digged with large Spits, they cannot meliorate fo well, .as
when with moderately {mall ones, and confequently are then: lefs fit. for
cn free: Penetration of ‘thofe Roots ‘which . we dofite fhonld._.thrive
therein,
WHE N
;.
vo el
Vd
a BT ag sea ttle ta ida)! ent ia ll AEE len a ell ak” Oak Ti end ae ha
Gardening.
The’ FruiT-Ga RveEN> Iuftrated.
*
?
- WHEN by frenching the aforefaid Depth, a hacemeta raw, or fund
Bottom comes up, ‘tis belt toleave off, and go no. deeper.than the
‘Goodnefs of the Land will allow. Arid if at lat the whole Depth ap-
pears to be too fhallow, that is to fay,’ lefs then. 18 Inches in Depth, the
only Method i is to raife ic Wich the firft Spit of a green Sward, or Meadow,
which has not been broke!up: by Spade or Plough within the Knowledge
of Man, and where Cattle has ‘continually been fed.. But for, want of
fuch Virgin Earth, as Mr. Ewelyn calls. it, we ‘niuft itiake ule-afcthe very
heft and frefheft we can ger, and iil make the ‘a8 ‘Land. about
two Feet i in aoe: ; a aoa 08 az qa Pay
Bk ee | wbHAY do iS bb ae fae
WHEN Tad in etal ate < ety ‘unkind Rotini finches as {harp
dry Lands, fliff cold Clays, Gravel, Cc. then we muft, at. proper
_ Diftances, fink Holes of fix or eight Feet Square, and two Feet Depth,
if the Land is dry; but if cold, ’tis much the beft Way to raile a
Quantity of Earth, of the aforefaid Dimenfion, upon the Surface of the
natural Soil ; which Earth fhould be prepared in a Leftal, as directed
in the fife Seétion of the irae = of my New Principles of
AN > that-Frei ir Be “lead are = to fhoot
down Tap- Root fr ae{ where the Moifture being
crude and unprepared, fenders thei Fruits x inti and Greet luxurious ;
"tis much the belt Way,*3vhen owe plant our Trees, for not only to
prune away every Root that feems © tend downwards, but to pave the
‘Bottom with Tile-fheds, Brick-Bats, yc. alfo to prevent others, which
Nature may afterwards produce, from entering therein.
WHEN Lands are prepared fit for the Reception of Seeds, Plants,
Trees, Cc. they fhould continually be kept mellow, by frequent Dig-
gings, Houghings, Manures, Coc. OF otherwife our firft Labours will be
in vain: For fince that the Moifture which fupports the Roots of
‘Plants i in diy Seafons, is, in great Pare, attracted up by the kindly In-
fluence of the Sun ; “tis therefore abfolutely neceflary to keep the Surface
mellow, that the Heat may have a free Penetration ; And this is not
| | 3 eo : the
32
POMON A: Or,
the only Reafon, but by often Dreffings, as aforefaid, the Rains (when
they happen) have a free Entrance, and confequently ftore the Earth
with greater Quantities of Moifture, neceflary for the Support of Plants,
chan when the Surface being hard and refifts, the Moifture cannot enter,
but is immediately remanded back into the Atmofphere..
WET boggy Lands are beft drain’d dry by Trenches dug in prope
Places, to convey away the too much Moifture tov fome proper Place of
Reception ; and if {uch Trenches are filled at their Bottoms, about
one Foot high, with Pot-fherds, Pebbles, Brick-bats, do’. they will
always keep an open free Paflage for the Water ; and in want of them,
a Laying of Bufhes, or Faggots of Beech, Alder, Ozier, @c. will en-
dure many Years, and anfwer the fame End.
%
= ¥ !
PES Ae ae ee ee
;
.
The Fruirt-Garpven Iduftrated.
33
PAG AA Ree Mil
The Manner of raving Fruit-Trees m a Nurfery ;
their Grafiing, Lnoculating, and Manner of Tranf-
planting againft Walls, Efpaliers, &c.
@R]HE feveral Methods of saifing Fruit-Trees, are from Seeds,
feyi| Kernels, Layers, Cuttings, Grafting, and Inoculation.
THE feveral Kinds of Cherries, Apricots, Figs, Apples, Pears,
Peaches, Plumbs, Walnuts, Service, and Mulberries now in being,
were paehou: doubt originally taifed from their Seeds or Kernels ; ; but
: to. propagate them, is, either Cuttings, Pa
er aia SEES
pak cae or be RE x
THE feveral Kinds that may be propagated by Cuttings, are the
different Sorts of Grapes and Figs ; but ’tis much the beft way to encreafe
them by Layers.
WHEN we are to encreafe them by Cuttings, we fhould juft before
the Fall of the Leaf take off the Cuttings from the Mother-Plants ; and
having prun’d them to Lengths of about two Feet each, plant them in
an Eaft Border, well prepar'd by digging, dc. for their Reception, ob-
ferving to lay them in floping, fo as their loweft Parts don’t exceed a
Foot in Depth. They fhould not be nearer to each other than a Foot
at the leaft, for begs are both Plants that require a ee deal of Aix to
perfpire in. oT
sc : eet ter THE
34
POMON A: Or,
‘Root’ caily in ‘the Spring.
THE Vines muft be cut at a Bud, but the Figs muft not be topped,
and if their Ends are but four or five Inches out of Ground © ‘Us
fufficient.
IT will be very proper to lay a Coat of good rotten Horfe-dung be-
tween the Rows, which will not only keep the Earth warm thro out
the Winter, but moift in the Spring, when they are ftriking Root, and
advancing in their Growth.
AND if they are fuffer'd to remain there be the Space of two Years,
before they are planted out, ‘twill be much better, than to remove them
the firft Year after planting,
N. B. IF the Spring after the firft planting of the Cuttings proves
dry, “twill be very neceffary to keep them moift, by fort Wa-
terings, which will add <7 much to a ie Growth.
ah
Sie
BUT the belt Way of rail ing thefe Fruits, is by Layers, becaufe
that the “Mother-Plants are a conftant Support, during the whole Time
of their ftriking Root.
THE. beft Scafon for this Work is Oéfober, for then they have
the whole Winter to imbibe fufhicient Siees, ase for their ftriking
_
7
THE other Kinds of Fruits, viz. Cherries, Apricots, Peaches, Beate :
Plumbs, yc. being propagated by Grafting and Inoculating, we muft,
‘before we proceed thereto, confider of the beft Method of raifi ing the
beft Kinds of Stocks for thofe Ufes.
CHERRIES ate commonly budded or grafted on Chey Stocks,
Rokk are raifed from the Stones of the common Black Cherry.
APPLES are sated on Crab Socks: raifed from the Kernels of
the Crab, as alfo on Stocks raifed from the Kernels of Apples, of which
that called the Paradice, is the beft to graft on, to make Trees of
a {mall Growth, and produce Fruits in great plenty very early.
PEARS
The FrRurt-Garven IIloftrated.
35
| PEARS are grafted upon Pear Stocks, raifed from the Kernels of
the wild Hedge-Pear, and on Quince Stocks alfo, raifed from Cuttings
or Layers. Thofe Pears that are grafted on Pear Stocks, are beft for
light, mellow, warm Soils ; and thofe on Quince Stocks, for wet and
cold Lands, fome few Sorts of Pears excepted, that will thrive better on
Quinces then on Pear Stocks : ¢ contra.
PEARS may be grafted on a White Thorn, and Cherries on the
Laurel, but the Fruit is nothing the better, and Spee! 2 more. for
Cutiog ity than Ufe.
-— APRICO TS and Plumbs are both rais’d on Plumb Stocks, the firlt
by Inoculation, the latter by Grafting.
PEACHES and Netiarines are propagated by Inoculation, either
on Peach Stocks, Almond Stocks, Mufcle, White Pear-Plumb, and St.
Fulian Stocks. Thofe on Peach and Almond Stocks, are beft for hot
light Lands, and the Plumb Stocks for thofe that are more ftrong and
cold. But there are many Sorts of Peaches that are very difficult to
make take 0 on. 1 either uee or Plumb ao that. will very eafily on the
Apricot ; an | Ornrr o..the Cu rious, That all their
Trees, which they intend to be of the bef Kind of Peaches and Neéta-
rines, be firft made Apricot Trees by Inoculation, and afterwards budded
with the feveral oe of Eanes that they defie t to have plenty. of.
CHERRYI-S r ONE AY eae Kernels of Crabs and Pears, fhould
be laid thin and well dry’d d, when firkt clear’d of their Pulps;, and as
foon as the Moifture of the Winter. will permit, they fhould be fown in
Beds of well-prepar ‘d Mould, that i is in Nature moderately light and
moift ; being cover'd with. fine. Mould, about two Inches thick, and-a
good. Coa of rotten Dung over that, to preferve them from the Winter’s
Gals, during their Germination. |
YOU muft not forget to fet a fufficient Number of Traps for the
= each of Mice, which otherwife will deftroy the Kernels, and dif-
"appoint you of your Hopes : A And in March, when the Frofts are over,
: 2 and
26
POMONA: Or,
and the Spring coming on, take away the Dung, and give the Surface
a gentle Houghing over, that their tender Plumes may eafily rife thro’
the fame.
IF the Weather proves dry during the Months of March, April and
May, ‘twill be very proper to give them moderate Refrefhings of |
Water, being always kept clean from Weeds, which every one is ex-
pected to do, that is a Lover of Gardening.
WHEN the young Seedlings are arrived to the Magnitude of a
common Tobacco Pipe in their Stems, they fhould be tranfplanted out
of the Seed-Beds into a Nurfery, planting them at 18 Inches Diftance
from each other, in Lines three Feet afunder ; for then, by having a free
Ait always circulating about them, they will become Trees much
fooner than. when planted very clofe together, after the common
Manner ufed in Nurferies ; where, for want of a free drying circulating
Air, they cannot perfpire away the Crudities of their Sap, and confe- —
quently cannot thrive. =
WHEN the Stocks of our young Plantation are arrived to about
half an Inch Diameter in their Stems, they are fit for Grafting and
Inoculation. The firft Operation being to be perform’d in Lebruary
and March, and the other in Zune and Fuly. _ =
THE whole Care oF ae Works, is, fo take Cuttings of {uch
Fruits as we would propagate, ftom Branches that are in a healthy and
fruitful State, and not from fuch as are luxurious, which will not pro-
duce any Fruit under a very long time ; and thofe of one Year's Growth
are the beft.
“TIS abfolutely neceflary to take off Cuttings for Grafting a. full
Month before they are grafted, that, being fomething check’d, they may
greedily imbibe the Juices of the Stocks as {oon as grafted, and thereby _
confirm their Unions inftantly, which Grafts that are cut from a Tree
at the Inftant of Grafting cannot do, becaufe then they are as replete
with Moifture as the Stock ; and therefore inftead of ftrongly attracting
its Juices, inftantly perifh. | a
2 : BUT
f
. —— ee se eh
PENT eS asadg idee Rts ng “Re Bae SF Re LU i etek Te a Geren SR yaya eee
are mee ee Beg Pe eee TS ee
The Fruit-Garpen Lduftrated.
37
BUT tho’ I advife the taking of Cuttings from Trees one’ Month
before the Time of Grafting, yet it’ muft not be underftood that they
are to lie out of the Earth all thar Time, bue muft) be Jaid with their
great Ends, about three or four Inches in Length, in the Earth, well
clofed about theni, under a North Wall, until) you immediately ufe
them at the Time of Grafting
CHERRIES and Plumbs are the firft Fruits we begin our sneliial
with, which is generally about the Middle of February; Pears about the
Beginning ; and Apples the Middle or End of; March, when the Sap
is a little rarified by the Heat of the’ ‘Spring ; that isy:asfoon as the Bark
will rife freely from the Wood.
THERE are feveral Ways of Grafting BrniesTrees 5 fome . being
_ proper for Stocks: that . are {mall ; others. for thofe that /are: moderately
large ; and laftly, others for Trees that are very largely grown.
THE feveral Methods. of Grafting may be coleiatd to ehrée, Wi%e
ift, Whip or Splice Grafting, proper) for Stocks of. the {malleft Size ;
| aly, Stock LG iplcnad prope for Stacks of " middle Size ; me —
"ELE. neceffary Inftruments for thefe Works, are, a every vo
Knife that cuts very fmooth and clean for cutting the Cions ; a good
ftrong Pruning-Knife for to head the Stocks with ; a Saw to cut off fuch
Branches as are too large for. the Knife; a Grfing Chea for: opening
the Clefts in Stocks, whilft the Cions are placed : A good Quantity of
found Bafs-Matting, with well-prepar'd Loam, well mix’d. with, fhor
Horfe-dung ; and Wood-afhes, to work in their Hands when the Loam
is a little too moift or clammy.
BEING ae prepar'd, every thing i is in readinefs for Work 5 but
tis much the better Way to have a Boy or Man to loam after you, than
to loam your felf.
4 er L TREES
POMON A:-O,
. TREES that are intended for Standards,’ muft be headed ar about
five Feet high ; lialf Standards at. three Feet; and Wall-Trtees at fix or
eight laches above Ground. :
THE Manner of Splice Gtafting (called Whip-Grafing) is perform’ d
by making an oblique Section, or floping Cur like a Pen, in the
Cion, (as the Section c, Fig. I. Plate I.) with a Slit upwards from near
the Bottom ; then having cut a fmall Part out of ‘the Top of the Scock,
fit for the Reception of the Cion, as the inward. Section d, Fig. IV. with a
downright Slic therein}. a8 d ; place thereon the Cion ab, fo-as the Slit
of the Cion, being in-the Slit of the’Stock, the lower Patt of the Cron y;
Fig. II. may be exactly fmooth with the. lower Part.of the Cut in the
Stock at ¢,Fig. TV. And if it happens that the Breadth of the Stock is greater
than’ the Breadth: of the Cion, be fure that’ you place the Cion to one
Side‘of the Stock; fo as’ for theit Barks to lie “exactly fmooth and even
with each other ; for°then ‘theit ‘Sap-Veflels being placd dire@tly over
each other, they can the eafier unite together. If, when you have
plac’d your Cion in the Stock, he do not fit clofe together, you mutt,
with’ Bafs-Mat, ‘bind them dots fo that the ‘Wet or Air cannot get in
between, and difunite their Union: You muft alfo be careful to {ee
them well loamed ; that the Loam is well clofed at the Tops and Bot-
toms; that it is not put on too wet, which will caufe it to fall imme-
daly, = that ‘tis well 1 work di in all its = fo as to ad no Cracks
thi eink. on
_ WHEN you hea down a Stock for Grafting, you muft be ‘arena
to cut it: off at a Place aoe the Bark is perfeealy fmooth, and free
from Cankers, MoSs, Or.
‘TIS sbishaely oe that you cut your Cuttings or Cion again{t
a Bud, as at b, Fag. 1. and that you haye at leaft two others above it, for ‘tis
by the attractive Power of the Buds, that the Cions draw Nourifhmene
and ‘grow.
AND
1
Meera Se Ree Ee Si nie a RD, Seale ena a
The Frv1tGaAaRvEéNn» Muftrated.
39
AND. ‘tis alfo highly neceflary that juft.under the Graft, asat if, 4
Bud be left, to.attract Nourifhment for she nae of the Graf, and
perfpire away the Crudities thereof.
. IN May, when, the Cions are united, and have sched Shoots;
you muft releafe them of their ‘Bandage, ‘(the Bafswith which you bound
them) or otherwife they cannot dilate themfelves with Freedom, and’
confequently will not thrive fo well. You muft alfo at this time dif-
charge the Stocks of all cheir lateral Branches, which’ beled were fuffer'd
m0 grow, to draw up the. Bere 3 as. alors oft)
STOCE Grafting? or Cane i in fe Cle, Sil, uled for Aygles
is a as follows:
FIRST, kazing Aeseemnita your Pe to ste at, fee. joie Eckle
Foot againft the Stock, and with your Pruning-Knife “cut ic off floping,
(as vt, Fig. Wl. Plate 1.) ; then placing your Foot at h, againft the
Stock to keep it ftedfaft, fmooth down the Head of the Stock horizon-
tally, as the Line./ k,. fo. will: the Head of your Stock become level;
as. i lig. Ut. AM being, done, apply the pepe of your Pruning-Knife
Mallet, wae 7 Clee i ih, and fo is me ome ‘
Gion gm, Fig: ¥e:
ready to receive the
BUT this arith of fing down the sie, {moothing, and
cleaving them, fhoiild be done by another'Hand; that you may have
nothing ito do but cut’ che: Cions and fix sors in’ the Stocks 5 which
= as follows: ols et rataea Wot:
THE eae sie clef, you ent teclce cut otk Cioh in ie
Fog of a Wedge, as » m Fig. V.. which muft always. be cut’ from #
Bud, as at m, for the Reafons aforefaid ; and then with 4. Grafting-
Chizel open the Slit, and place the Cion therein, fo as that their Barks
may be exactly even and {mooth.
49
eP Or Mi OuUNe AR OF;
BUT if the Bottom of the Cut, Part of the Cion d, were cut ob-
liquely, as at o Fig. VI. they would be eafier and better, placed ; and.
then being loamed, as aforefaid, the Work is ‘done. 19
WHEN Stocks: are very large, fo as not to be cleft, they muft be
grafted in the Rind, an. old and common: Way, well known to moft
Countrymen, and:therefore {hall omit that: Defcription. ~
BESIDES all thefe feveral Ways of Grafting, there are many others
that are practis'd in. Hertford and Devonfbire, by the Propagators’ of
Cyder Fruits, which are not worth the Notice of the Curious, and there-
fore left. out. ‘qaaldieds.1 : ! |
THE Manner of In-arching, or Grafting by Approach, being chiefly
uled.on,Orange-Trees, I fhalb therefore omit ‘that, fince the Culture of
fuch Exoticks are intended for another Work. © at doo}
INOCULATION or Budding (and indeed Grafting alfo) is much
fooner learned, and better underftood) by feeing the Operations per-
form’d by a° skilful Nurferyman, than by Ten thoufand Words ; and
therefore:to offer any Diagrams of thar Kind would be necdlefs,
BUT however it mayn't be amifs if I fhould {peak.a Word or two
in relation to the proper Seafons, Choice of Cuttings, @'c,
THE Seafon for) inoculating Fruit-Trees, is, from the middle of
Fune.to about the middle of Fuly, whilft the Bark rifes freely from the
Wood ; and if the Weather is cloudy and wer, ’tis fo:much the better,
becaufe, that whilft the Operations are performing, the Sap, both of the
Bud and-Stock, -are-not prejudic’d by Heat : And therefore if the Seafon
happens to be dry; the only Times of the Day for this Work, is, very
early inva Morning, and late in an Evening,’ juft before the Sun is below
the Horizon. 9919.53. song. |
Amy
.
é
‘TIS as neceffary to be curious in the Choice of Cuttings from fruit-
ful Branches for Inoculation, as was before faid for Grafting 5 bur
Raid | thefe
PO Oe ee ee
:
4
a TT ee Ee ee a Ce a ee ee eee
‘Sign
The Fru1tT-Garven JMuftrated,
thefe for Inoculation fhould be ufed as foon as they are taken from the
Tree, or otherwife put in Water, and kept frefh till ufed.
ONE Bud in a Stock is enough to form a good Tree; but
tis much the better Way to put two Buds in each Stock, left one only
fhould fail.
IN the Choice of Cuttings, particular Care fhould be had to their
Buds, viz. That they are not Bloflom-Buds, which are known by
being double, and never produce Shoots, as we defire when we ino-
culate. And likewife that they are not Shoots that always liv’d in
the Shade, whofe Buds are immature for want of Perfpiration : but fuch
that are ftrong, not luxurious, that always poffefled a free circulating
Air, and of the fame Year's Growth.
WHEN three Weeks or a Month is paft, after Inoculation, you
fhould releafe them of their Bandage, that the Stock may have a free
Dilatation : And if your Buds have taken, they will appear very plump
and of their natural Colours, as when firft put in. If that Part of the
Leaf which is left to the Eye of the Bud drop off freely, ‘tis a good
if ic withers and fticks firm thereto, *tis
LIG).. avino Or acac
: s : el ee
that they are unite
a te Aly a I
IN February, after Inoculation, you muft furvey your Stocks, and
thofe that have their Buds perfe& muft be headed off, about three Inches
above them, that in March the whole Nourifhment of the Stock may
be fully applied to the Growth of the Bud, which the firft Year will
be very confiderable, and efpecially if all the lateral Shoots of the Stock
are difplac’d when they appear.
THE Matculine, Orange, and Roman Apricots, are the firft Fruits
that fhould be inoculated ; and after them, Cherries, Peaches, Plumbs,
Pears, doc. And it often happens, that if you take the Advantage of
the Beginning of the Seafon, you may, before the Seafon is gone, Re-
inoculate fuch that have miffed at your firft Inoculation.
M PEACH
41
42
POMONA: Or,
PEACH Stocks are generally large enough to graft the firft Year
after their Kernels are fet ; but Cherry Stocks, Plumb Stocks, ¢c. not
till the third Year, and ineiind not till the fourth.
THE next Spring after the Buds have made their Shoots, thofe
Parts of the Stocks which were left above the Buds, fhould be cut
away clofe to the Bud, and cover'd with a Salve made of Mutton-
fuet, Bees-wax, and Rofin, as I fhall dire in my Chapter on
Pruning the Branches of Fruit-Trees, to preferve the Stock from the
Injuries of Wet, which is oftentimes deftructive to them.
43
CHAP. Vit
Of ASPECTS and their Accivents.
Pager) | is very unreafonable to expec that two South, or Eaft,
BT EX coc. Walls, in the fame Latitude, planted with the fame Fruits,
Re, of the fame Age atid Goodnels, fhould produce Fruits equally
as good and early, when the Soil of the one is a moderate, light,
warm Loam, and the other a ftrong, cold Brick-Earth, or Clay.
THESE different. Natures and Qualities in Soils are feldom confider’d,
and therefore when good. Kinds of Bbick are Pee in bad Soils, of in
=: : ple
at: d) or elfe chs Judg-
‘ment of the Gardener is coederninet yn that he. may
happen to be one of the beft Sort, as Gardeners are now a-Days.
AND wher'it falls out'thara bad Soil aad 4 bad Gatdener happeri to —
meet together, which is the very Cafe of ten Gardens to one thro’out
England, then the Production muft confequently be very bad.
I HAVE known fome Eaft, and even North-Eaft Walls, whofe
Soils have been very kind, produce better and earlier Peaches and
Cherries, than fome South and South-Eaft Walls, whofe Soils have been
very wet and cold : Therefore when People have good Afpects and bad
Soils, ” ‘tis impoffible they can have any good Fruits : Hence it appears,
that to have good Fruits, we muft firlt confult our Soil, and if, upon
Examination, it appears to be incapable of the Productions we expect, —
why then our only Bufinefs is to help Nature in the beft Manner that
our Place and Conveniency will permit.
2 Sats fe ae enUs
44
THUS much for the different Natures of Soils; now I will proceed
to {peak fomething in relation to Afpects in general. 3
SINCE that Mr. Hales in his Vegetable Staticks, p. 127. has fhewn
the Probability of Rains and Dews being imbibed by Vegetables at their
Leaves, in which are many crude Particles, which, when confin’d, or
in two great a Quantity, are injurious to the Growth of Trees ; we
muft therefore confider of fuch Afpeéts, that will admit the Sun’s In-
fluence. to diffipate them before they become prejudicial. |
THESE Crudities are firft diffipated from the Eaft and South-Eaft
Walls, which laft declining about 20 Degrees, is the very beft Afpe
for moft Kinds of Fruits: Next to this is the South and South-Welt ; and
laft of all the Weft. And as the South-Weft and Wet Afpects retain
the Crudities of the Dew longer in the Day (which oftentimes chills the
Fruits) than the South-Eaft and South, fo. are their Fruits of a lower
Flavour, and later ripe. = |
THE Weft Afpect receives the Sun when ‘tis paft the Meridian, viz.
about one o Clock, (tho’ very obliquely) which being late in the Day,
thofe Crudities do therefore remain a long while before they are dif-
perfed ; and ‘tis therefore that the Fruits of a Welt Afpedt -are eightor
ten Days later in ripening, than thofe of the South-Eaft and South,
. DIRECT Eaft Walls have the Crudicies of the Dew foon diffj-
pated ; bur then they have but little of the Sun, for at eleven the
Rays become very oblique, and the Heat very little, and foon after none
at all. : | |
BUT a direct Eaft Wall is far preferable to a dire& Welt Wall,
becaufe the Heat of the Day comes gradually on it, and leaves it in its
Meridian of Heat ; but a Weft Wall is only favour’d in the Violence
of the Heat, by the Obliquity of the Sun’s Rays, as they firft fall
thereon, which caufe the Heat to be much more gradual, than if they
were to fall direét at their firft Onfet,
eet a
a ”
a
ee ae
~ *
® re ~~ ”
“+
- ia < r *. od Wiad
ee) ? -
«, de i le *
* tT}. * p> Ae Bin
¥ “3
The Fr UI T-G aR Bx w LDuftrated.
—
1D,
>. ail ; a. . . :
W HEN fudden Heat comes on Ffuits, it fhtinks their Sap-Veflels,
and confequently they cannot imbibe and receive {o great a Quantity of
Nourifhment. This is the Cafe of dire Weft Walls ;.and ‘tis therefore
that their Fruits are leffer in Magnitude than thofe of the South and
South-Eaft, which receive their Heat by Degrees,
“TIS obfervable that in England the hotteft Part of the Day in the
Summer Seafon, is about two or three in the Afternoon, when the Heat
is oftentimes fo “very great, as to exhale away more Moifture than is
neceflary ; and confequently at all fuch Times the Goodnels of Fruits
is greatly diminifh’d ; therefore when we have it in our Power to
make our own Choice, we fhould chule fuch an Alpe, whofe Situation
is fuch, that at that very hor Part of the Day, it fhould be difcharged
of that violent Heat. ;
NOW feeing that the hor Part of the Day generally happens when
the Sun is nearly South-Weft, it therefore follows, that at that timea
South-Eaft Wall, declining 20 Degrees, is nearly fhaded ; for as the
Rays are then very oblique, they have not fo great a Power on the
a more than ordinary Quantity of
Sap-Veflels, as to exhauft away
about 20 Degrees, 1s thé very beft of alle
.
AF
nope |
ae
—
THIS being judicionfly confider’d, ’tis very eafy to account for the
Reafons of a South-Eaft being better than a dire South Afpect : For
when the South-Eaft Afpeét is difcharged from the extreme Heat of the
Day, the direct South Afpeé is ftill expofed to it, whereby its Fruits are
oftentimes injur'd, by having their Sap-Veflels dried by the extraordinary
Heat thereof.
NORTH Afpeéts, in warm Summers, will produce good Plumbs,
and Duke Cherries, when thofe of the Eaft, South, and Weft Walls are
gone, and Morello Cherries alfo.
me
‘ os ee, AEB naa, at
s NORTH-We and South-Weft Walls are obferv'd to produce good
Apricots 5 and, if I may be allow’d to {peak my Opinion, much better |
than a South Wall, (tho’ not fo early) becaufe that the extraordinary
a , oe
Heat
=
- f a
oF,
POMONA: Or,
leffer Heat.
Heat of a South Wall canfes them to be mellow and meally as foon as
ripe, which they are found not to be when planted againft Afpects of
SOUTH Afpeéts are only liable to too much Heat in the latter Part
of the Day, as before obfervd.
EASTERN Afpects are only liable to the drying cold Eafterly
Winds, which being of a very dry exhaling Nature, do oftentimes
exhauft too great a Quantity of Moifture from the Blofloms of Fruits,
whereby they perifh.
THE Weft Walls being fully defended from the exhaling Nature of
thefe Winds, are therefore more fruitful ; but they are fully expofed to
the Weltern Winds that blow in the Autumn, which are rather more pre-
judicial to Standard than Wall Trees.
CHAP |
:
|
‘
AD) SNe hl? Sg Te Be a eR Nl ee ee nS oe ee ae Sg Cag Oi ae a ce a. A ce ae ee eee Tear te eee Bee cE en nay fen Tl) Neer mee eR See a a er ne nw oe eke uke ee eo
v ; «e Tee wn . e ee ;
es een | iene m 23 ? or ih Sc ae ee ee ;
Sd ATS Ax.
Of the Manner of Planting Forest-Trees, to
defend Plantations of Fruits from the Injuries of -
North, Eaft, and Weft Winds.
TOGOMIHE molt proper Kinds of Trees for this Purpofe, are the
Lime-Tree, the Englifb and Dutch Elms, Horfe-Chefnuts,
Abeles, Poplars, oc.
. THE firft Work to be done, is to prepare the Soil fit to plant in ;
a enti
mon Trenching’ is sing-pesform’d_asearly in the Winter as
the Seafon will permit, which is alfo che beft Time to plant in.
and if happens to be naturally a good frefh deep Loam, then a com-
& Cle
“BUT if your Land is poor, then you muft help it with frefh Earth,
Compolt, dc. and if perfectly barren, then you mutt fink Holes of ten
Feet Diameter, and two Feet Depth, taking away the barren Earth, and
make good again with frefh untried Earth, Compolt, oc. as recom-
mended in the firft Chapter hereof. 55
SOMETIMES it happens that the firft Spit is very good, and the
next good for nothing, which is much better than when the whole is
bad, becaufe then the lefler Addition of frefh Earth, dc, will fuffice.
BEFORE you plant your Trees, place the Turf at the Bottom of
the Hole, being chopp’d very {mall ; then raifing a fmall Hill of fine ’
fe(h Earth where the Tree is to be plac’d, bed the Roots therein, and
carefully fill in and clofe them well about all cheir Parts, that there be no
1 | hollow
es . :
¢ % x
a . *
ih — a
ee pe .
‘ “
4 Pe ye 4 ‘ ‘
. 3 - *y
ee . ‘
, ’ AS. “ie % *
- ye * pee oe hie.
B a: oh i * 2 a
rs
48
‘PO M 0 N*A rer; 3 i
hollow Places left, ‘whee the Banka cannot uk ibeut their Roots, which |
oftentimes is the Death of many fine Trees.
THE Method of Planting Trees in Pap, much practisd by that
great Encourager of Planting and Gardening, the Honourable ames
Fobnfon of Tavickenbam, is a very fure Way for the well mixing of
Earth about every {mall Fibre, whereby the Roots are enabled to imbibe
Moifture with great Force.
WHEN Lands are wet and cold, plant fhallow, and in the Spring ;
but if hot and dry, or moderately moift,’a moderate Depth, and as
foon in the Winter as the Moifture of the Seafon will permit.
THE Diftance that thefe Plantations of Defence fhould be from the
Walls or Bounds of your Fruit Plantation, fhould be about 50 or 60 Feet,
or more if your Land will permit,
THEIR Diftiinces in the Rows may be 10, 12, 15, 20, re. Feet,
for as I have already proved that the clofer together Trees are planted,
the more they afpire in Height, do’c. therefore the nearer they are planted,
the fooner they will become ufeful.
BUT it will be convenient that between every Row there be
left a {ufficient Diftance, that their lower Branches may enjoy a free
drying Ait, or otherwife they will become faturate with Sap, for want
of free Perfpiration, and thereby perifh. Forty or fifty Feet between each
Line is fufficient for Engl/b Elms, Lime Trees, Horfe Chefnuts, ¢o°e;
but for Abele, Poplars, Withy, 5%. 60 or 70 Feet, which laft fhould
never be planted but in very wet and cold Land, where the others will
not thrive.
IF by the Situation of Hills, Clefts, oc. any Part of your Garden
is more than ordinary expos‘d to violent Winds, the beft Way to guard
- them, is to plant Clumps or Platoons of fuch Foreft-Trees that
are moft natural to the Soil, at proper Diftances, fo as to deftroy the
Vise ae before it reaches our Fruit-Garden,
THE
ie
ans x.
tg .
bad : 72 “agi”
: ; a s,
ue 4
Minit F TZ
sere Fe,
a> TS
om
= Bin ee ae
- ry : a $. ~ +
: a ae
The Frort-Ganpen. duftrated.
49
*
~ > = ¥
« vw * . 2
¥ * x ™ = ae. a rs o
*.
THE Advice given by the quot er the Retir’d Gardener, for
Pruning off the lateral eis hes of the fi-dds of Foreft-Trees,at their Time’
of Planting, to Pyramidical Shapes, is entirely wrong ; forthofe Arms fo
cut off, are ever after as fo many Conduits or Pipes, imbibing or cons
veying Rains into the Trunks, which very often caufe their Death.
AND (as he very juftly obferves) ’tis alfo very prejudicial to Head |
thofe Trees ; therefore if we hope for Succefs in thefe Plantations, pre-
ferve the Roots in as great a Quantity as poffible, mix and clofe the
Earth well about them; cut clofe all Side Branches, and carefull prelerye
their Heads. }
WHEN your Trees are ‘planted, be careful of fecuring them with
Stakes, from the Infults of Wind and Cattle, and cover the Surface of
the Ground three or four Inches thick, for about two or three Feet about
their Stems, with long Horfe-dung, Fern, ¢’c. to preferve their Roots
from the Injuries of Cold in the Winter, and Heat in the Summer :
And if thefe Coverings were cover’d with Earth about three or four
Inches thick, - ‘twould add very much to the Prefervation of the
Trees.
"H angof Bal ut the ry new- planted Tree,
being 5 ep to every Gardener sed fay nothing thereof ; but if the
March and April, after planting, fhould be very — T Keone recom-
mend to his Care, that they be well water’d, at leaft once a Week, to
fupply the Expence of Perfpiration, at that time when their tender Fibres
are feeking out for PROD Nourifhment.
G2 CH ss
50
POMONA: Or,
GBA Ps
Of the Velocity wherewith Nourifhment enters the Roots
of Fruit-Trees; and the Reafons and Manner
nes Pruning their Roots and Heads at the Tt 1me of
~ Tranfplanting.
GareiHE Reafon that Gardeners give for reducing the Heads of
fai ‘Irces at the Time of Planting, is very juft; for they fay, if
they are not reduced, their Roots cannot fupport them, be-
caufe that in taking them up many are cut and broke off, and hereby:
being lefs in Quantity, are lefs able to imbibe Nourifhment for their
Support, and confequently fhould be proportionably reduc’d.
OF this likewife all our famous Authors on Gardening, from the
Time of Adam to this prefent ‘Moment, take Notice, and fay, that
for the aforefaid Reafon, the Heads of Trees muft be’ reduced at their
Planting ; but not one of them as yet has ever attempted to lay down
a reafonable Rule for the Performance thereof, or can any do more than
fay it muft be fo. But fince Demonftration is undeniable and felf-evident,
I fhall here communicate two Experiments which I made this Summer,
that will demonftrate the Truth thereof, and lead the Curious in Planting
into a reafonable and demonftrable Method of Pruning.
EXPERIMENT |.
= MADE Choice of a Roman Nectarine Tree, that was in a thriving
sas, whole Leaves were a equal, which I number’ d, and found
= 2 them
The Frouirt-Garven I[dpfirated.
51
them to be 612: Then on a Piece of Paper I drew parallel Lines,
at + of an Inch Diftance from each other, as the Lines aa, dc. Fig. VI.
Plate 1. and alfo others at the fame parallel Diftance, at Right Angles
to the former, as bb, @c. conftituting little Geometrical Squares, each
containing ;2 Part of an Inch.
THIS being done, I laid one of the Leaves thereon, and with a
Black Lead Pencil traced about the Edges of the Leaf, and then numbering
the little Squares within that traced Line, I found their Number to be
116, which being divided by 16, gives {quare Inches 7 }.
16)116(7 4
, $4922
4 remains, equal to 7, or 4.
N. B. WHEN the Leaves of a Plant are of different Magnitudes,
awbich generally happens, they muft be feparated into as many
different Parcels ; and then meafuring the Surface of one im each
Parcel, and knowing the Number of Leaves therein, may proceed
as hes
oF 144 .. wi Mrouble Conn the Le > (bec
fpiration is perform’d as well by the under, as rhe t upper Part of the
Leaf) and the Product will be the Area of all the Leaves.
612
tn 4
bas gh Inches, the Area of the Leaves.
HAVING thus obtain’d the Surface of the Leaves, whereat. their
Moifture is perfpired away, I then proceeded to find the Surface of their
Roots, where they imbibed and received it. For whatever ae the
| ce
52
POMOWN?*A: Or,
Surface of the Roots of every Plant naturally bears cto the Surface of
their Leaves, fo are their imbibing and perfpiting Powers proportionable ;
and according to thofe Proportions muft the Heads of Plants be reducd,
when tran{y planted.
I DUG up the Neétarine Tree carefully, and prefervd all its Roots,
(the very Fibres excepted) : It had five main Roots, extending them-
felves nearly horizontally, about three or four Feet: from the -Scem,
with many lateral Roots of different Lengths : The Girts. of each
of the main Roots, at the Body of the Tree, were three Inches, and
the Length of each being three Feet ; therefore multiplying 36 Inches,
which is equal to three Feet, by.1 2, the half Girt at the Stem, it being
conical, the Product willbe the Surface of one main Root.
Produ&. .. ~ - a. Dee foteare Inches, | ‘
Which: multiply a again, by. ge the Number of main Roots 5
Podge se 170 Ke ee the oe E five
main Roots. Each’ main Root “had (one with the other) 430 lateral
Roots, whofe mean Girt, at the main Root, was half an Inch, (the
large ones next the Stem or Body of the Tree being a full Inch, and
thofe at the. extreme Part of the main Roots, 3 of an Inch, whofe half
is half an Inch, the mean Girt. thro” out). The Length of the largeft
and longeft 7 thefe lateral Roots was each about nine Inches ; and of
the fmalleft and fhorteft, about three Inches ; therefore hick mean
Length is fix Inches. Now 430, the Number of lateral Roots on one
main Root, being multiplied by 6 Inches, their mean Length, the Pro-
duct will be their whole nc — <sene |
430
Sains seo
produ = the whole =e of all the la-
tera Roo, Se a to one cue ae .
eg: a ene @
a
bes ee ess = R
The Frurt-Garven Iuftrated. 53
dl
NOW as their Length is found to contain 2580 Inches, aid their
mean Girt half an Inch, therefore multiply 2580, by o 4, and the
Produé& will be the Area of their Surfaces.
2580: 0
oi: 4
Product 645 {quate Inches, the Area required.
“AND as each of he Behier? digit Roots had the fame Quantity of
{mall Roots, therefore multiply 645, by 5, and the Product will be
the whole Area of the lateral Roots. _
645
Produ@ 3225 {quae Inches, the whole Atea of the lateral Roots.
TO this add the Area of the five main Roots, and their Sum will
Be the Area.of the whole Root required.
The af gn the lateral hore iii 3225 33 stg : - |
— F, z % 3495 {quare Inches.
So that now the Area ef the whole Plant, is in its Leaves 8874
And Roots pee > oO cae 2 4495
TE we divide the Area oft the sediue by the Area of the Rog the
Quotient will difcover their Analogy to each other.
3495)8874(2 Hi
6990
1884 remains, equal to 4444, which
being reduc d.to its loweft Denomination sli is fomething more than 4.
bs NOW
SF
‘POM ON.-A: vOr;
NOW fince that the Surfaces of the Roots,:whereat the Nourifhment
is imbibed, are full 2 lefs than the Surfaces of the Leaves, .where.-the
Perfpiration is petformed ; it therefore. follows, that! the! Velocity::with
which Moifture enters the Roots, muft be 3 greater than that of Per-
{piration. Bat .
HENCE it is that the Roots of Plants, whofe upper Parts are of :
great Growths, fhould be preferv’d in as great an Abundance as pofible ;
and we are hereby taught the Reafon of reducing the Heads of Plants at
the Time of Planting. | sees ee —
FOR fince that the Head of this Tree in its natural Growth, when
its Roots were all perfect and fixd in the Earth, did then make fuch a
Demand of Moifture for its common Support, that caufed the Velocity
in the Roots to be } greater than in the Leaves; we may from thence
concludes That the reducing ‘its Head at the ‘Time of Planting wasiabfo-
lutely neceffary. == | |
W fic rho0s Sos” 2008 aise: svt od) 10 sspA sens bbs aid Tr
IN this very Point of Planting-many People ‘are’ much out, becaute
that reducing the Heads of Trees at firft Planting, caufes them to have
a lefler Appearance than they defire, and therefore will not fuffer them
to be reduced proportionable to their Roots ; fo that they “eithér ‘remain
in a decaying languifhing State, ot inftantly dic; for their Roots being
much reduced by removing, they cannot imbibe Moifture fufficient for the
Support of their. Heads, which are then in too great a Quantity. Therefore
“tis always to be remembred, at the Time of Pruning and Planting,
that the greater Proportion the Area of the Roots bears to that of their
Leaves, fo much the more they will be enabled to imbibe: Nourifhment
for the Support of the Plant, which confequently will thereby be rhioire
vigorous in its Growth, and better able to endure dry Seafons, Cc,
NOW, in Confideration that this Experiment has proved, that the
Sap, which is the Life of Vegetables, (as Blood is of Animals) mutt
pals much fwifter thro’ the Surface of thé Roots than Leaves, it therefore
‘Olows, ‘that ‘tis very reafonable, when Treés of any Kind: are’ taken
out of Nurferies, ec. for tranfplanting, their Roots fhould be preferv'd
at as great a Quantity as is poffiblé, that Nature may have the greateft
aoe Liberty
The FrRu1T-GarRveEN IIluftrated.
55
Liberty of imbibing Moifture fufficient: for the Support of che then’ re-
duced Plant... The Confideration hereof I recommend to the fetious
Confideration of myBrother-Gardeners,and indeed to all others concertied
in the. Planting of Fruit and Foreft-Trees, which are very often loft for
want of Judgment herein.
THE great Want of this Difcovery has caufed ‘the Death of many
Thoufand valuable Plants, ‘that have died -by being -unskilfully: pruned
at their Time of Planting, .For Gardeners have but one Rule ot Me-
thod for pruning the Roots of all Kinds of Plants, and even tharthey can
give no manner of Reafon for: For was’any, one of them. to be ask’d
fuch a Queftion,. their Anfwer would be, “ Why I know it to be fo, my
“ Father or Mafter did always ule to prune in, this Manner, | sand their
“ Trees feldom died, and I my felf have practis'd the fame, as taught by
“ them, with good Succefs ; I know it by Experience, which is the beft
| Mafter:” And foon, without confidering the gréat Demand of Noutifh-
ment that Nature makes in one Kind of Vegetable more than another,
according to their different Growths, which caufe.as; great a Difference in
the Manner of pruning their Roots... ... iq
swiS, for Example... aif vty:
em eR NET ee
LT is obferv’d, that the Cabbage (whic Pia Vegdebleoker cack
Growth above Ground) draws its Sap.with a very great Force, (its
Roots being naturally but few, when compar'd with Vegetables, whofe
Roots are much more, as Dutch Box, and Growth much flower) : So
that from hence it appears, That Plants of a quick Growth and ftrong
imbibing Nature, fhould have as much Root allow’d them, at Planting,
: pape 4 — A fx0% Ks th Se £4 Pugh fi
yt) > (RS 22a See Se
as poffible.
a BX P ERA ME NG tog? @
~~ . MADE a fecond Experiment in the like mannet‘on a Batterfea
Cabbage, that was about half grown, and found that the Surface of ‘its
Leaves exceeded the Surface of the Roots near twelve times 5 fo that the
Roots did imbibe Moifture with near twelve times the Velocity that the
Leaves perfpir'd it away. And were that Cabbage-Plant to have been planted
again, the Leaves of the Head muft have béen proportionably reduc’d,
as
£6
PO M:O N.AcoG,
.
as 12 is to 1, of rather as 15 to.1, becaufe that there isa continuabDe- ©
mand of Nourifhment by the Head, during all the Time. that Nature
_ is preparing its new Fibrous Roots, to ftrike frefh again into the Earth.
WE may obferve from this Experiment of the Cabbage, ‘that as
their Growth is naturally very quick and great, and Roots {mall in
Proportion to their Heads, (whereby their Nourifhment is imbibed with
great Velocity) the Soil wherein they are planted f{hould ‘be very rich
and full ‘of Moifture ; for otherwife their very great imbibing Force
would foon exhauft it dry, and thereby perifh. And ‘tis always feen,
that where-ever Cabbages, -Colliflowers, Savoys, @’c. are planted,
they impoverifh the Ground very much, altho’ perhaps ‘twas in good
Heart atotheir firft planting ; and the like of all thas Plants in abe oh
to their more or lefs Quantity: of Roots. an ta
WE fhould alfo obferve’ the various 6: Diftiibutions of the Roots of
Plants 3 for thereby we ate in part directed how to adapt them to “their
proper Soils : “Thus Nature informs us, that’ the Flax, Arbutus, Enghi/p
Oak, and many other Plants that naturally produce Downright or Tap-
Roots, delight in very deep-holding Lands ; and others, as the Ath,
Elm, Lime, @c. whofe Roots run nearly horizontally within two and
three Feet Depth, love Land ¢ chac is rick and | thallow.
_ THE different ‘Velocities of im bing ‘and Gaia: Nourifhment
Being ‘accounted for, “tis very “ealy t to conceive the Reafons of pruning
the Heads of Fruit-Trees at the Time of Planting, and that the more
they are reduc’, the better it is ‘for them.
AND, as it has been obferv'd before that Plants perfpire whilft they
are ftriking Root, ‘tis therefore that Moifture is abfolutely neceflary-ac...
Planting, to fuppore them until they are enabled to attract Nourifhment
shertifelves which Moifture ought to be no more than is agreeable to
the Nature = the Plants ; for I haye feen many Trees kill’d (and par-
3 ticularly Ever-greens) by: having too great a Quantity: of Moifture : 3 there-
es mage
“ay
re ted and cold Lands beware of - ae satan
2 eS aS eer See
The FRu1tT-GarvDeEN Jiuftrated.
57
THE Seafons for Planting Fruit-Trees, are, Oéfober and February ;
the firft in Lands that are moderately light and warm, the laft in Lands
that are cold and wet:
TREES planted in light warm Soils, in Ofober, or fooner if the
Seafon permits, will {trike Root before the Winter comes on, and vi-
goroufly fhoot in the Spring : But if Trees are planted at that Seafon in
very wet and cold Lands, the too much Moifture will rot their Roots,
or at leaft chill them fo very much that they very feldom recover it.
ALL new planted Trees, of both Seafons of Planting, fhould be
kept waterd in March and April, when thofe Months prove dry, or
otherwife they feldom make good Shoots the firft Year, *Tis abfolutely
neceflary to cover the Surface of the Earth, at leaft one Foot about the
Stems of the Trees, with well rotted Horfe-dung, plac’d in the Form of
a Cup, the better to receive the Water when any is given ; which Dung
not only preferves the Moifture from being fuddenly exhaled away, but
communicates a Nourifhment at watering alfo.
)
_.WHEN jou plant Wall Trees, place their Roots about nine Inches
or 2 Foot from the Watts“wielewehei ds.swithin.an.tInch. the eof : For
when their Roots are planted clofe to the Wall, as is commonl
the Ignorant, their Bodies burft out from the fame as they increafe in -
Magnitude, and thereby cannot be kept in a handfome clofe Order.
THE Heads of Wall-Trees at Planting fhould be reduc’d to the firft
four Side Buds, above the Graft or Place of Inoculation, becaufe that
from four Shoots we may form a good Tree.
ALL forward Buds fhould be ilplced as foon_as they begin to
hoot, that thofe which lie parallel to the Wall, may receive the full
Benefit of the Nourifhment. ’ % ae ae
IF the firft Shoots appear to be very ftrong and luxurious, when
they have form’d four Buds, nip off their Ends, which will oblige Nature
to force out a Branch at every Bud, and fo by diftributing the Sap of
each Branch in four {mall ones, they will become fruitful, and not luxu-
3 | Q rious,
POMONA: Or,
rious, as they would have been, had the Sap been wholly imployed in
one Shoot only.
BEHIND the Place of Inoculation, or of Grafting in every Wall
Tree, there is a {mall Part of the Stock which is generally dead, which
at Planting muft be cut clofe to the Shoot, and placed next to the Wall ;
For when they are placeed outwards, as fometimes is done by unskilful
Planters, they imbibe Wet, which oftentimes rots the Body of the Stock
in a fhort Time. _ |
‘TIS abfolutely neceflary and very advantageous to cover the Wounds
of Trees, when cut, with a Salve that will pteferve them from the In-
juries of Wet and Cold. The Compofition is as follows ; Take half a
Pound of Rofin, a quarter of a Pound of Bees-wax, the fame Quantity
of Pitch, and two Ounces of Mutton-fuet ; mele them together, and
when moderately cool’d, fo as to be liquid, drefs the Wounds with a
Feather, Brufh, @’c. and no Wer or Cold can penetrate or injure them.
ALL Wall Trees that are budded or grafted very low, fhould have
their Grafts, when planted, about two or three Inches above Ground ;
but do not on this Account plant their Roots over deep, for the Reafons
before deliver'd.
. r
preparing
<M ES eget ene See Be gS REERIEY YR arene mgt
The Frourt-Garpen Junftrated.
59
Bruifes be cut entirely away with a very fharp Knife, and that every
Root be regularly placed, with the Earth well clofed about it.
WHEN we are to plant Trees for Efpaliers, we muftyhave regard
to place the Buds of the-Trees parallel with the Efpalier, fo that wiht
their Shoots are produc’d, they may lie parallel to the fame, and be
eafily nail’d thereto ; and hete, as well asin Wall Trees, all forward
Buds are to be difplac’d, and luxuriant Branches nip’d' at thesfourth Bud,
as s aforefaid, "
WHEN we plant Fruit-Trees to make Dwarfs of, we fhould head
our Trees at fuch Heights, foas to have at leaft four Buds nearly at right
Angles to one another, that thofe Shoots which they produce may Facts
the Head defired.
“THE whole Management of Dwarf-Trees, confifts in the Manner of
Pruning the Ends of their Shoots, ftopping the Luxuriancy of Branches
28 aforefaid, and the true Diftance of one Branch from the other,
AON as eee: Htes 2 are defi red to grow hss Concavities in \ their
and “here be Confontable to hel Form a dee ved iat 1. oa cut a
an ‘upper Bud, ‘then the next Shoot will - inwards, and deftroy the
regalia
HE NCE it follows, dis by shiapeini the Situation of Buds, a Branch
maybe produced to fill up any Place defired. |
>
STANDARD-Trees are planted as Wall-Trees and Dwarfs ; and
a ‘much better to cut “in: their Heads’ very clofe, than to plant. chem
‘ ~verylarge. If swe are'careful to prune at under Buds, as directed for
Dwarfs, and rub away all other inward Buds, we. age form song hand-
fome Heads i in the firft a; i
ooTHE: darger Seandard-Tres are, fo that:they are = rooted, the
| bier, and will produce Fruits: fooner; ‘and in greater seni than
fuch
ERE “K
60
POMON A: @,
fuch {mall Trees, which are ufually planted, provided that they are fe-
cured from the Injuries of Cattle, Winds, de.
THE Diftance of Fruit-Trees from one another, is a very material
Point to be confider’d in Planting ; for if we plant too near, we foon
exhanft our Soil, and deftroy our Trees, for want of Air for Perfpi-
ration ; and if we plant too thin, we fuffer a Lofs by having lefs than
we eS se but of the two Evils the laft is the beft.
PEAR-Trees require much Room to extend themfelves, and fome
Kinds more than others, as the Summer Bon-cretien, and many other
Kinds, which when I come to their Defcription I fhall take Notice of ;
but in general we may affign 30.Feet for their Diftance. And if between
every two Trees we plant two others of different Kinds, as a Plumb
and a Cherry, or a Peach and an Apricot, to be cut away as the Growth
of the Pears require, we fhall have no Lofs in the Walling, during the
Time of theit Growth.
<p:
WHEN we eae entire Walls of Peaches, Cherries, Plumbs, and
Apricots, they may be placed at twelve, fourteen, or fixteen Feet
Diftance, except the early {mall May Cherry, which need not be more
than eight or ten Feet apes 3 :
STANDARDS planted in the open Air, fhould be 30 Feet apart
at the leaft, but 35 is much better, and if you plant Dwarf-Trees between
them, 40 Feet is full near. Thefe Diftances may appear to fome People
very large, but when they confider the Neceffity of a free circulating Air
for Perfpiration, and the Benefits of an under Crop, they will find the
Advantages thereof.
N. B. LF the Roots of Trees ave very dry afier taking up, foak theig
Roots for an Hour or two, im a Pound of Water, &c. but pe
no more than their Roots, that their Heads may site attradt
the Water. | .
IF your Trees, after taking up, are to te a any Di ifance, be fure
that. yo = pack them up with Straw and Mats, from the
| y | Wi ‘al
The Fru1t-Garven Jduftrated. 61
Winds and Air, which oftentimes exhale away, all their Moi ifture,
and thereby perifb. :
IF Frofts prevent the Planting of Trees after baking up, they fhould
be kept in a warm Cellar, &c: and cover'd clofe from the external
Air, until the Frofts are gone 5 and then, foaking their Roots, plant
them as before direéted.
I HAVE alveady advifed the preferving of Roots in as great a
Quantity as can be at taking up, at which Time I muft caution you
not to ftrain them by drawing or wrenching, &c. but take
.. Time, dig large deep Holes, and take them up with Care.
WHEN you purchafe Trees from a Nurfery, always obferve that the
Sot] wherein you ave to plant them, be as good or rather better
_ than that of the Nuvfery, and efpecially if your Trees are, not over-
and-above ftrong ; but luxurious Trees being planted from a vich
Narfery into a poorer Soil, are oftentimes made fruitful thereby.
WHEN you are to prune the Roots of a Tree, hold it im your left
Hand ith the Head behind you ; and then pruning them with a
very Sharp Knife, the Ovi latalpa be Ph down-
bibe Nowr}oment, than 2 the Fac f the Cus is aa: as
often prattis d by*unskilful Gardeners.
"TIS at the extreme Parts of the Roots, where the Cut is mad#, that
they draw frefb Roots, which, if bruifed im cutting with a bad-
edged Knife, or not cut at all, putrifies and. dies.
gets cH Ae
62
POM.ON A:: . Or,
Of the Management of Fruit-TRers after Planting ;
their Seafon and Manner of Pruning, Nailing, &c.
3.0L THO ‘tis abfolutely neceflary that great Care fhould be taken
45 in the Choice of Trees before we plant, as well as in the
S Preparation of Soils, Manner of Pruning their Heads and
oots, and Planting; yet if they are not well govern'd afterwards, our
Labours and Expences are all loft. There are many Gardeners in
England that have had the Management of Fruit-Trees from their firlt
Planting, and been very fuccefsful therein, but it has all been by mere
Accident, for there’s not one of them ali can account for any one Ope-
ration they do therein.
IF we ask them why a Tree muft be pruned, ¢hey anfwer as Mr. W ife
and Mr. Carpenter have done in their Retir'd Gardener, To keep it
in Oder, that the Fruits may not be injur’d or depriv'd of Nourifh-
ment, by the fmall and luxurious Wood—and that it may continue a
long Life : Which Reafons are tolerably good were they well executed ;
but to their Misfortunes, they always, in their belt PraGice, not only
fuffer fuch Sorts of injurious Shoots to be producd, but load Nature with
fo great a Burthen of other Wood, that a few Years bring abouc their
irrecoverable Decay. :
THIS I am certain will at firft be underftodd by them as Self-conceir,
for, to their great Misfortunes, there’s’ no Sort of People breathing fo
vaftly conceited and ignorant as moft of our Englifo Gardeners are, who
ter peice all the World to be-like themfelves : But however, if
they
TAA ASN 2 ioe tit
Sea ee me Looe
ees ve S
PE Ca ee a ee
is en ne sateen el
,
The Fruit-Garven Jluftrated,
ee ee
63
they can but curb their fuperficial Imaginations, and coolly read, fo as
to perfectly underftand the following Paragraphs, they will plainly
difcover their long riveted Ignorance, and be led into a natural and tea-
fonable Method of working, -whereby they'll be,enabled to account for
all their feveral Operations in the Management of Ftnit-Trees, with
abundance of Pleafure and Certainty. |
THE whole Management of Fruit-Trees after Planting, may be re-
duced to a very few Rules, and have the defired Succels. a
: | oe ~ he @!
Bee on Op Bap ee mae
DISPLACE all forward Buds, by rubbing them off when they
firft appear, and then the whole Nourifhment will be diftributed to the
neceflaty Branches. By obferving this Rule, your Trees will alaays
tte clofe to the Wall, and be free from the Snags, which ave very difa-
grecable and unprofitable ; for whatever Fruits are produced in {uch Si-
tuations, are never better than thofe on Dwarfs or Standards.
RULE it.
ned
each Branch contains four or five Buds in Length, by nipping off the
leading Buds with your Finger Nails, which will caufe them to produce
new Branches from every Bud that will become fruitful ; for that Nouri/b-
ment which Nature intended for one Branch, will be diftributed into
three or four, which confequently cannot be fo luxurious as when wholly
amploy'd in one Branch: Therefore if this Rule is well obfery'd, we need
never be troubled with luxurious Wood.
; RULE Wi.
IF Fruit-Trees produce three or four Shoots, and all weak, difplace
the two weakeft, that the whole Nourifhment may be wholly imbibed
by the ftrongeft, which will enable it to form a good Head,
RULE
pe re gaia — “ a mecorieuaee <a a cupearen ;
WHEN luxurious Branches only are produced, ftop them, when
64
POMON A: Or,
Sin row
AS the Growths of the feveral Branches advance, keep them nail’d
to the Wall; but be fure that the Diftances between Branch and Branch
are never lefs than the Length of their Leaves, when fully grown :
Therefore as Leaves are not come to their Maturity in the Spring, you
muft at that Time nail them at a greater Diftance than aforefaid ; that
when they are fully grown, they may in general poflels a free drying
Air, and not fhade each other, to their almoft total Ruin, for want of
Per{piration.
ON this very Point depends the whole Succefs of our Labours ;
for when Fruit-Trees are loaded with great Quantities of Branches,
nail’d very clofe, a great Part of them are faturated, and clog’d with
the Crudities of their Sap, for want of a free Air to perfpire in, and
thereby become barren and ufelefs. This is plainly demonftrated in the
Growth of Trees planted very clofe together, as in a Wood, where the
lower Branches, tho’ neareft to the Fountain of Sap, (viz. the Roots) —
are either dead, or very near it; whilf thofe at the Top, which are
fartheft from the Roots, but ina drying Air, perfpire freely and expand
~ much: And in Fruit-Trees ’tis the very fame, when their. Branches are
nail'd nearer together than the Lengths of their Leaves,
BESIDES this Advantage, of having Fruit-Treés fuitfal in all ches
Parts, is not the only one; for by this Method of thin Nailing, there
will not be half the Quantity of Wood for the Root to Maintain, and
onfequently thofe Fruits that are produc’d, will be much better fupported
with Nourifhment, and in greater Perfection, than when a Multitude
of Wood and Fruit is fed but with the fame Nutriment.
HENCE it follows, That as Fruit-Trees differ in the Length of
their Leaves, fo will the Diftances of their feveral Branches be allo
different ; and therefore the general. Rule hitherto practisd. by Gardeners
in laying the Branches of all the feveral Kinds of Peaches, and other
Fruits, at the fame Diftance, appears to be a great Miftake. 7
) THERE
t
tein
The FXRuitT-GaRDEN [uftrated.
65
THERE are many excellent Kinde” of Fruits which produce great
Plenty of Blofloms, and but very little Fruit, as the’ old Newington,
and many other large Kinds of fine Peaches. This Sterilicy is caufed by
the too great Abundance of Wood, which, when ‘tis cover’d over with
its beautiful Blofloms, requires a much greater Quantity of Nourifhment
than the Roots are at that Time able to communicate, ‘and thereby,
for want of proper Nourifhment, the Embryo Fruits” are ftarved, and
more efpecially when the Soil and Spring are both dry, ‘their Perfpi irations
being then greateft; and if Eafterly Winds happen to blo iterate Pe
their very drying exhaling Nature, is a further = to the Deflection of
the Fruic. .
BUT notwithftanding that the old Neawington Peach is always vaftly
full of Bloffoms, as may be feen by Fig. IX. Plate Wand Ill. yet fe they
are nail’d in at the Length of their Leaves, their Roots will be able
to ftrongly fupport them, (as I have experiencd) and produce plentiful
Crops : for by obferving this Diftance, the Roots will not have one
third Part of the Wood to fupport, as when nail’d in thick, after the
common Way.
Tree are Tome Kind OfPeacnes wit ite has been more
kind to than others; as in this very Cale, ite Albemarle and Catherine
Peaches produce Leaves with their Bloffoms, (fee Fig. VI and VIII.
Pate Wand III.) which ftrongly attract Nourifhment from the Roots to
the Bloffoms, which the old Newéngton does not, it having Blofloms only ;
which may in fome Degree be the Caufe of its producing but {mall
Quantities of Fruit: but this may be greatly wad d in Pruning, as I
fhall in its Place demonftrate.
RULE V.
THE nearer Branches are laid to an horizontal Pofition, the Ve-
locity of the Sap is the more retarded, and the nearer to a perpendicular
Pofition, the more freer ; therefore Branches that are inclinable to Luxu-
riancy, may be check’d by being nail’d horizontally ; and thofe that are
weak, help'd by being nail’d perpendicularly. |
S NOW
:
66
POMONA: Or,
NOW thefe Extremes being only fic for the two aforefaid Kinds of
Wood, we muft therefore make Choice of a mean Situation, for our
beft and _moft healthy fruitful Branches ; and therefore they fhould be fo
laid, as to make an Angle of 45 Deke, or thereabouts, with the
Horizon.
. é ‘
Se ack Cao we
Se “ss
FRESH nail all Branches every Year, that they may have a free
Dilatation.
THE next Seca) Matter to be confider’d, is the beft Time of the
Year for Pruning, which, among all our famous Gardeners, is left un-
determin’d, every one affigning his own Seafon, but not one of them
has yet sce a fi nee Reafon for it.
FIRST then, ‘hae’ we may ‘be certain of F laying che ae at
their proper Diftances, we fhould prune our Trees in the End of Auguft,
and Beginning of September, before their Leaves are fallen, which will
then exhibit to us the juft Diftances ; which cannot be fo exact, if we
prune them in the Winter Sealon, as is ufual.
SECONDLY, Sinisa pene rand in this Seafon, juft before
their Growths are at an End, and the Air kind and warm, Nature will
immediately clofe up, and heal the Orifices of the Sap-Veflels, before
the Wet and Cold of the Winter comes on, which they imbibe to ates
Prejudice, when prun’d in that Seafon.
THIS I have oftentimes experienc d, and therefore recommend it to
the Curious: But when you prune off the End of a Shoot, you muft
always take it for a Rule to cut an Inch at leaft above the Bud, (which
muft always be a Leaf, and not a Bloffom-Bud, as I fhall hereafter
x which, after perifhing down to the Bud for want of
uhmen , becomes fo very hard, as to protect the whole Branch
the Injuries of Wer and Cold,
;
j
|
)
The Fruit-GarpEn Tuftrated.
67
THIRDLY, When Fruit-Trees are pruned in the End of Autumn,
their Roots have not fo great a Quantity of Wood to fupport thro’out the
Winter, as when prun‘d in the Spring, and confequently are better able to
{upport their Bloffoms in the Spring. And again, the leffer the Quantity
of Wood is on a Tree thro’out the Winter, the lefs crude Sap is imbibed,
and confequently the Tree is much more perfeét, and in better Health.
FOURTHLY, When Branches are prun’d early in the Winter,
and the Orifices of their Sap-Veflels firmly clofed, the ‘attracting
Force of the Leaves in the Spring, is not weaken’d, by the many Inlets
of frefh Wounds, which muft happen when Trees are prun’d late in
February and March.
HENCE arifes the Reafon why luxuriant Trees, prun’d late in the
Spring, are thereby check’d in their Growth : For: the Sap-Veflels being
open by the feveral Wounds at the Ends of their Shoots, the attractive
Power of the Leaves cannot ftrongly attract Nourifhment, until thofe
many Inlets or Sap-Veffels are clofed ; and therefore ‘tis that the Luxu-
tiancy is in fome Degree abated.
~ pe Figerara.
luxuriant Trees, is late in the Spring ; and thofe that are weak, or in
a healthy State, early in the Winter ; or rather, as before is faid, in the
End of the Autumn.
NOW from this ts eVidetits=ethae—et
THE (feveral Rules here deliver'd being well obferv’d, we need
“never fail of having good Wood in all our feveral Kinds of Fruits-Trees :
And the only Thing that is now wanting to compleat this Part of
Pruning in general, is the Reafons and Manner of Pruning the Ends of
Branches,
THE Reafon why the Ends of the Branches of fome Sorts of Fruits
are cut fhort at the Time of Pruning, is, becaufe the extreme Parts
thereof being produc’d in the latter Part of the Year, when the Sap was
declining in its Strength, they are not fo perfect and mature, as thofe
Parts of the Shoots which were firft produc’d, and therefore the immature
Parts fhould be cut away. ag
68
POMON A: Qr,
NOW to determine what Quantity of a Shoot fhould be cut away,
is very difficult, becaufe different Seafons have different Effects on their
Growths, and therefore this Point muft be wholly fubmitted to the
Judgment of the Pruner ; and ‘tis therefore that we muft be fure to
prune at a Leaf-Bud, and for want thereof, nail in the Branches at
their full Lengths.
YOUNG Trees that are truly healthy require the leaft Reduction,
and very often may be nail’d in at full Length, efpecially when all their
Buds are difpofed for Bloffom, as Peaches, Apricots, and Morella
Cherries are very apt to do: And there are fome Sorts of Pears, which
produce the moft of their Fruits at the extreme Parts of their Shoots,
and therefore muft not be topp’d, becaufe you not only cut away Part
of the Fruits, but the leading Bud of the Shoot alfo, for want of which
the Shoot dies as foon as the Fruits thereon are ripen’d, :
The Fru 1T-GAaRDEN JMufrrated.
Of the great Ufe of the Leaves of Fru1t-Tregs,
and their Force of imbibing Moitture ju. the Support
of their Bloffoms, Fruits, &c.
pre a] T is very plain, from the feveral accurate Experiments of che
Teel Weal Reverend Mr. Hales, that the Leaves of Fruit-Trees are
WwGso| very ferviceable in attracting Nourifhment from the lower
Séeate s, within the Reach of the tender Fruits, which, like young Ani-
mals, is furnifh’d with proper Inftruments to: imbibe thence. And by
the fame Eeperioncnis tis manifefted, That the main excretory Ducts of
Plants, “are-in.their Leaves. whic | feparate ang ony. off 4 redundant
watery Fluid, is wich Bere d, turns 7 a” preitdicial
that from thence we are taught the Necelity of peering ae fince
‘tis impofiible they can live without. —
AND altho Eruit-T ees, which are Inanimate, have not a Power
with alternate Dilatations and Contractions, to drive forcibly about their
‘Sap in its Veflels, as the Blood of Animals is thro’ their Arteries and .
Veins ; yet has Nature wifely contrived other Methods, which moft
powerfully attract and keep it in Motion, =" the fame am is
| an{wer d.
AND that PE may be imbibed by the Roots of Trees, but
what may be difcharged by Perfpiration ; therefore Nature has wifely
cover'd their Roots with a very fine thick Strainer, which will not admit
any Kind of Moifture to enter, but what can be readily carried away by
Perfpiration.
ee THE
7O
POMONA: QO,
eee oad
THE feventh curious Experiment of Mr.Hales’s Vegetable Staticks, p.28.
on the Dwarf-Pear Tree, and Branches of Apple, Pear, Cherry, and
Apricot Trees, are undeniable Proofs of the great Ufes of Leaves to
Fruits, which I defire every Gardener to well confider, and be not too
much. puffed up with their own Conceits.
THE firft Part of this Experiment was made on a Dwarf-Pear Tree,
taken up in Auguft, whofe Weight (clear from Earth) was 71 Pounds
one half; and its Roots being fet in a known Quantity of Water, im-
bibed 15 Pounds thereof in 10 Hours, and perfpired at the very
fame Time, 15 Pounds one half; therefore it perfpired eight Ounces
more than it imbibed. This feems to inform us that Pear-Trees delight
in Moifture, and that thofe who imagind that all che Moifture im-
bibed by Trees, was wholly converted into Sap, and the Formation of
Buds, Branches, ¢oc. are entirely miftaken ; for if twas fo, the Pear-Tree
would have retain’d the whole Quantity imbibed, which it did not do.
THE other Part of this Experiment, on the feveral Branches which
this curious Gentleman made, is a further Proof, that the Quantity of
Moifture attracted, is always in Proportion to the Quantity of Leaves.
AS for Example :
HAVING made Choice of cep Branches of every Kind of Fruit,
he ftripp’d the Leaves off one Branch of each Sort, and then fet their
Stems in feparate Glaffes, wherein were known Quantities of Water.
- THE Branches with Leaves imbibed large Quantities of Water, as
fome 15, 20, 25, and.30 Ounces, in 12 Hours Day, according to the
Quantity of Leaves on each ; and being weigh’d in the Evening, were
lighter than in the Morning.
WHILE the others that were ftripp'd of their Leaves, had imbibed
but very little, as an Ounce, go. each, were heavier in the Evening,
they having perfpired little,
i
NOW
The FRuit-GarvdeEn IMnftrated.
7t
NOW from thefe Experiments ‘tis plain, that thofe Gardeners who
pull off great Quantities of Leaves from Fruits, before they are fully
grown, injure them very much, not only by letting in a fudden Heat,
which fhrinks the tender Sap-Veflels of the Fruits ; but being of them-
felves unable to attraét the fame Nourifhment which they before receiv’d,
do therefore inftanely perith.
IN Auguft 1727. 1 made Choice of feveral Branches of the White
Mufcadine Grape, whereon were many very fine Bunches; I entirely
ftripp'd off their Leaves, and left fome of them wholly expofed to the
Sun and Air, whilft others, tho’ ftripp’d as aforefaid, were fhaded by
the Leaves of other Branches, which I laid before them for that Purpofe.
~ THOSE Branches that were fhaded continu’d at a Stand, for the
Space of 10 or 12 Days, and then decay’d very faft; but the others
that were fully exposd, began to fhrivel the third Day. Hence it ap-
pears, That the Leaves of Fruit-Trees, do not only preferve the Fruits
from the Injuries of Heat and Cold, but ftrongly attract Nourifhment
to their Support, and perfpire away the Crudities thereof, thro‘out their
feyeral Stages and Degrees of Growth.
IF we obferve the great Care that Nature has taken to place the
Leaves of all Kinds of Herbs, Plants, and Trees, exactly under their
Buds, to attract Nourifhment to them, we may eafily conceive the Pre-
judice it is to them when they are taken away.
IE we obferve the Growth of Fruit-'Trees’ at their firft fhooting out
in the Spring, we may, with abundance of Pleafure, fee the wife Order
that Nature obferves in all her wonderful Productions.
NOW feeing that Fruits cannot perfpire and flourifh without the
Afiftance of Leaves ; therefore Nature does wifely produce them in all
Fruits, either before their Bloffoms appear, at the fame Time, or foon
afterwards, | ee Eye
THE May Duke-Cherry, March 26. (Fig. 1. Plate V.) produces
its Bloffoms from the two Years Wood, and more particularly at and
| about
72
POMONA: Or,
about the Joint between the two Years Growths, as at B, than in any
other Parts: And during the while that Nature is opening the Bloflom-
Buds, .thofe of the laft Year’s fhoot are largely expanding themfelves
into. Leaves, (as a aa, CX.) which ftrongly attract Nourifhment for the
Support of alie yet Embryo Fruits, and perfpire away the Crudities with
which the Sap then Molinds..
APPLES produce their Blofloms on Wood of two Year's Growth,
but their firft Leaves are not produc’d by the laft Year’s Shoots, as in
the Cherries preceding. The firft Leaves of Apples are produc‘ at the
Bloflom-Buds, and are very largely grown before the Bloffoms appear,
or even before the Buds of the laft Year’s Shoots are open’d.
THE Branch of a Nonpariel (Fig. Ut. Plate VL.) exhibits the Growth
of the Leaves at the Bloflom-Buds D D, dc. March 26. which are
greatly expanded, whilft thofe of the laft Year’s Shoots, a a, ¢o’c. are not
vifibly beginning to fhoot. But when their Blofloms are fully blown,
(as Fig.1. Plate VIL. and Fig. V. Plate XI and XIII.) then the Buds of
the laft Year’s Shoots are much expanded ; probably, becaufe thar the
Blofloms being then produc’d, require a greater Attraction of Moifture
for their Nourifhment than before.
GRAPES are producd on Branches that fhoot from the Buds of
the laft Year's Shoots, which are of a confiderable Length, with their
Leaves expanded, before the Fruits appear, as exhibited. by the Branch
of a White Mufcadine Grape, (Fig. Il. Plate VU and IX. April 10.)
and by the firft of May, the Time that their Bunches appear, their
Shoots are very much extended, and “their Leaves increafed in Magni-
tude. (See Fig. II. Plate X.)
FIGS are fomething different from other Fruits in their Manner of
Produétion, and therefore Nature has wifely placed a leading Bud at —
the End of every Shoot, (as A, Fig. I. Plate 1X.) which opens its Leaves
about Apri] 12. and ftrongly attracts Nourifhment to the Fruits BCDE ;
and therefore when Gardeners unskilfully prune off the Ends of the Shoots
in the Winter or Spring, thofe Branches generally die foon after. =~
wef 3 | : yt en
- QUINCES
* large y ¢
The FruittT-GarveEn LUuftrated.
QUINCES produce very large Leaves before their Blofloms appear
on the laft Year's Wood, (fee Fig. I. Plate VI.) which feems to be pro-
vided by Nature, on Purpofe to perfpire away the vaft Quantity of
Crudities that are ‘contain’d in their Sap, which, when confind, has the
ill Confequences before demonftrated.
PEARS produce both Leaves and Blofloms from the fame Buds,
and being Fruits which imbibe great Quantities of Moifture, muft therefore
have Leaves timely produc’d, to attract Nourifhment for the Support of
their Embryo Fruits, as well as for Perfpiration. (See Fig. I, II, il,
TV, V. Plate Il and Ill.)
\
PEACHES, Plumbs, and Apricots, produce their Blofloms fome
‘fmall Time before their Leaves, which foon fucceed, when their Branches
are prun’d at Leaf-Buds, ot for want thereof, left at their whole Lengths,
(as Fig. Ul, IV, V, VI, Vil. Plate VIL and IX.) where the leading Buds
A A 9c. ate opening their expanding Leaves, for the Purpofes aforefaid.
by the Time that their Bloffoms are fhed, their Leaves are
Wit; ~probably;—becai: that s their Fruits aré then knit, or
fet for Growth, they require a greater Attraction © Nourifhmenit’ for
their Support, as well as Shade, to preferve their tender Sap- Veffels from
the Injuries of Heat and Cold. (See Fig. J, and II. Plate XI. and Fig. Il.
Plate VII. of the Nonpariel Apple).
THE {ame is to be obferv’d in Cherries, when in Bloffom, whofe
Leaves are then greatly increafed, (as Fag. IILULTV. P late XM and XIII.)
But much greater as the Fruits advance in Growth, (fee Fig. II. Plate VI.
of the Morella Cherry, May 17. Fig. I, Il. Plate XIV. of the Apricots, ©
whofe Leaves are largely grown in Proportion to the Fruits.
= AND therefore it appears, That as Fruits advance in their Growths,
and require greater and greater Nourifhments ; fovare their Leaves pro-
pottionably augmented, whereby they are always able to attract fufhcient
Juices for their Support, aswell as to perfpire away the Crudities thereof.
U CH AP.
er OM O:N #42 «Gr;
CHAP. XII
Of Blights, and the Manner of Ordering Fruit-TREEs,
when in and going out of Bloflom, Half-grown,
and Ripe.
55 ae oh 4 LTHO' ‘tis abfolutely neceffary that the Pruner fhould indi
A cioufly prune and nail his Trees, yet if he has nor regard to
an chai
THE Accidents that Fruit-Trees are liable co when in Bloffom,
are Blights, Exhalations, and being deftroyd by Infects: But thefe in
ate are Bae af called ee se See ; |
BLIGHTS, are ote. “and Teching ane as i rouse
Exbalations, are cold drying Winds, and very dry hot Weather; and Jn-
jfeéts, are fuch as Caterpillars, Flies, 2%. which in general deftroy Fruits,
if not guarded againit.
FIRS, Frofts are of two Kinds, the one which is very cold and
dry, called the Black Froft; and the other cold and hoary, (which is
the Dew frozen, that falls in “= firft Part of the Night, before the Cold
| a to freeze) called a White Frot,
. “BOTH thefe Kinds of Frofts are srsjodicil to Fruits, at all Tinees
when they happen ; but of the two the Black Froft is the moft de-
ftructive, and efpecially. when it comes after a Shower of Rain in an
Evening, before the Blofloms and Fruits are dry.
THERE
fee them afterwards, ‘tis ten to one if he receives any Fruits .
eg ee a —- ——_
‘
imagine. But I could never yet find that any Method would deftroy,
The Fruit-Garven JIluftrated.
THERE are divers Methods, prefcrib’d by feveral Perfons, for pre-
ferving Fruits from Frofts, which I have experienc’d, and find that there
is none comes up to careful Covering with Mats, old Sail-Cloths, ¢o’c.
which, being well faftned that turbulent Winds cannot difplace them,
never fail of our defired Succefs, Nay, Peafe-halm only, hung on the
Branches, and fecur’d from Winds, has the fame Effect, being left on until
they are largely grown, and then taken away by Degrees.
_ AND if it happen that the Weather continues freezing in the Day-
time, let the Covering continue, even for three or four Days ; and then,
in the Midft of the Day, if the Weather is any thing agreeable, open
them for three or four Hours, and then cover them up as before. But
when the Weather don’t freeze in the Day-time, then open them
about an Hour after Sun-rifing, and cover them up about the fame Time
before it fers,
IF the Seafon proves dry, and the Eafterly Winds blow very frefh,
‘tis abfolutely neceflary to water the Bloffoms of your Fruit-Trees ; for
thofe_\ et of a EEE caine) ace, exhale away the Moiltute
communicate it, re eat of the ee axe infufficient to rarify the Sap
thin enough for a Succeffion ; and thereby the Fruits are ftarved for ‘
want of proper Nourifhment.
BUT thefe Waterings muft be carefully performed, that the Water
may not fall on the Bloffoms with fuch Force as to bruife or beat them
from the Branches: Therefore if with a Hand-Engine the Water be firft
forced into the Air, it will be there feparated, and fall down like Rain.
The beft Time for this Work, is the Morning about Ten or Eleven,
becaule, being water'd early, they will be dry again before the Evening
comes on ; which, if it happens to prove inclinable to Froft, will nor
have fuch an ill Effect on them, as when wet. |
THE feveral Kinds of Infects which are feen to dettoy the Leaves
of Fruits, may very reafonably come with the Eaftern Winds ; or the
Faftern Winds may hatch their Eggs, dc, as Mr. Bradley and others
or
%
eee oe ge ee are able to i
POMON A: Or,
or keep them from Fruit-Trees, but frequent Waterings, which never
yet have been known to fail.
TIS obfervable that thefe Infects never come in great Plenty, but
when the Spring is very dry ; and even then when the Weather changes
to Rain, and becomes very wet, they inftantly perifh.
: | |
THEREFORE fince Nature has taught us a fure Method of de-
ftroying thofe Vermine, we have nothing more to do than to keep our
Fruit-Trees in a continual fupple State, by early and frequent Waterings
in dry Seafons, when thofe Infeéts moftly rage. But ic is abfolutely ne-
ceflary to begin thefe Waterings before the Leaves are infefted by them,
fince it is.a Refrefhment, and the Trouble very inconfiderable.
I AM not infenfible that many Gardeners will condemn thefe —
Praétices, becaufe the {mall Trouble of Coverings, Openings, and Wa-
terings, may perhaps be more than they care for: but however, fince
that after a great Expence and long Time waiting, we are defirous of
reaping the Fruits of our Labours, we fhould never be fhort of laying
abfolute Command on the Gardener, fince the Succefs is very precarious
without, and the Trouble very little, as before obferv d.
BUT to return from this Digreffion. It appears by what is before
faid of the exhaling Nature of the Eaftern Winds, that the Fruit-Trees.
of Soils which are of very moift ftrong Natures, can better difpenfe
with thofe great Exhalations, than thofe growing in Soils that are na-
turally hot and dry ; for the moift Lands can more ftrongly fupport the _
_ young Fruits with Moifture, than thofe that are lefs furnifh’d therewith, a
But this does only happen when the Spring proves dry, becaufe when
there are Rains fufficient to fupport the Perfpiration of Plants in light
Re Uy Soils, then the Moifture in moift ftrong Lands is in too great a
Quantity, and the Trees being faturated and clogg’d therewith, for want
of fufficient Heat to exhale and perfpire it away, become immature and
| ieee mY the over-and-aboye Crudities contain’d therein. :
“Now from hence ‘tis very probable, that Kent, ee Soil is na-
turally very moift, produces greater Crops of Cherries in dry Summers,
than in wet ones : a contra.
- \e t
THE
*
a
The Fru1t-Garven Idpsftrated.
77
THE Gardens about Zawskenham, [fleworth, cc. in Middlefex,
whofe Soils are naturally drier than thofe of Kent, have the beft Crops
in wet Summers.
ORCHARDS growing on the South Sides of Rivers, imbibe great
Quantities of Moifture at their Bloffoms and Leaves, as ‘tis exhaled away
by the Sun ; for the Trees being fituate between the River and the Sun,
imbibes the humid Steams as they pafs by them. But this never
happens but in dry Seafons, becaufe when Seafons are very wet, Fruit-
Trees imbibe very little, or dearcely any, -— nearly faturate with the
Moifture of the Seafon.
THUS much for Frofts, Eafterly Winds and Infects. Now we
will return to our Fruits, which we fuppofe to have plenty of, and
which will always happen, if we ate careful to fupply the Blofloms
and Leaves thereof, with fuch Refrefhings of Water as the Soil and Seafons
require.
ZOUR Fruits Sand Tel fet, we mutt be very watchful and
diligentinacovering them, from Frofts, 1 pian any. fee 1 to, o,olfer 5 and
ep ue |
the Top of the Wall, in readinefs to lee “dows as oat ion may require.
Ap had Apricots above one third grown, and well coverd with Leaves,
kill'd in great Quantities in the Beginning of May 1722.3 which, had
I fortunately cover'd, would have been er 'd, to my very great Ad-
wags
_ IE our - haces and Peaches are very numerous, we mutt cafe Nacire
of her Burden; and therefore about the End of April, we may thin
our Apricots, and in the firft Week of May our Peaches, leaving them
about two Inches apart, at the leaft. But Plumbs are feldom thinn’d,
not but a reafonable Subtraction mutt certainly improye the Remainders,
which al be at the aforefaid Diftance.
‘IT is obfervable that Desches, Plumbs, Apricots, or. grow very little
from about the 20th Day of May, to the like Time in June, Nature
X being
*,
78
POM ON A>» Or,
being then wholly employ’d in preparing and perfecting their internal
Parts, vz. their Kernels, Stones, @c. with proper Veflels fit for the Re-
ception of future Nourifhment, in fuch Quantity, and with fuch Force,
as to ftrongly feed and dilate their exterior Coats or Pulps, until fully
grown.
NOW whilft this great Operation of Nature is performing, ‘tis
- always feen that great Quantity of Fruit drops, altho’ largely grown.
Of this all our late Authors on Gardening take Notice, and therefore
advife, that the thinning of Fruits be omitted, until ic appears that this
great Fall is over ; ‘but not one of them has yer attempted to deliver
Rules for their Prefervation.
THE meaneft Capacity living may very eafily believe, that if all
the Fruits on a Tree were in perfect Health, it would be impoffible for
them to fall in a fhrivel’d decay’d Condition, as they are obferv’d to
do ; and therefore ‘tis evident, that their Fall is caufed by fome Decay or
Weaknefs of Nature ; which laft of the two feems the moft probable.
FOR fince that Nature requires Moifture, for daily Perfpirations,
as well as to hatte biehaia the watery fupple Subftances of the Kernels,
Stones, <%c. ‘tis very eafy to conceive, that if very dty Weather
exhales away that Moifture which is neceflary for thofe Formati-
ons, the ee ssi be Zain and. confequently 2 Fruits muft
perifh.
THE firft Idea of this wonderful Work of Nature, was communicated
to me by the Honourable Mr. Bruce, who at the fame Time in-
form’d me of feyeral Experiments which he had made for their Prefer-
vation, and found that the moft fuccefsful one, was, To preferve them .
from the very hot Sun, from ten in the Morning until two or three in
the Afternoon ; which he did with the fame Coverings of Sail-Cloth,
that were led i in the Spring, to preferve their Blofloms from Frofts, ¢o’c. _
This I have alfo experienc’d with great Succefs, and do therefore recom-
mend it to the Practice of the Diligent and Curious ; for tho’ the La-
bour i is a ag the oe ee is valtly great.
=
N. B. “71S
eo, a eae dh CCC Cee t— = ao
<.*
The Fruit-Garpen Jdnftrated.
79
N. B. "JIS very ferviceable to give the Trees a gentle Rofre/bing
of Water, at the Time you begin to fereen them from the Sun,
which they will freely imbibe, and very much ftrengthens Nature in
her Produftions.
ABOUT the 20th of Fume this Work is over, and as then the
Fruits are beginning to fwell away for ripening, we fhould now thin
them for good, taking away the leaft. promifing ones, and Saag
the beft.
THE Mafculine Apricot fhonld be feft“at’ or ‘about the Diftances
that BC, Fig. IV. Plate XV. are, which is two Inches and a quarter ;
but the Turkey Apricots muft have a larger Diftance, as being a larger
Fruit, and therefore we muft allow them three Inches, as the Diftance’ A B;
and the Roman Apricot, whofe Magnitude is a Mean between the
two other Extremes, fhould be left at about two Inches and three
quarters. |
_ AND as foci differ i in 1 their Biagnitades and therefore tequire
more or 1é"RoonrforPerfpiration ;_ fo do Peaches likewife : the {mall
Kinds may be lef at two we pens thofe of a muddling Growth
at four Inches; and our very beft and largeft not nearer than fix
Inches.
SOME Kind of Pears, as the fags Summer Bergamot,
gore. are very apt to produce theit Fruits in\Clufters; but they
are much the beft when each Clufter is teduced to two Pears
only, excepting when the Clufters are very thinly diftributed on
the Tree ; and at fuch Times they may be left in greater Number,
as three, four, dc. according to their Diftance, and Strength of the
Tree.
BUT where there is a fall ae "tis belt to leave them fingle, ot
double at moft.
<i,
BY Fe feveral Proofs of the = Chapter, ‘tis olin that
the Leayes of Fruit~Trees are vaftly ferviceable in drawing up Nou-
rifhment
t
80
*
POMONA: Or,
rifhment to Fruits as they advance in Growth, as well as keeping
them in a fupple ductile State, by defending them from the Sun,
and drying Winds, which contract and harden their Fibres, or Sap-
Veffels, and thereby fpoil their Growth. :
BUT when Fruits are almoft fully grown, a little more Sun is neceflary,
to ripen their Juices, and give them their beautiful Colours; and
therefore we muft then by Degrees let in the genial Heat of the
Sun, which will ripen them in the greateft Perfection that the Seafon
is capable to produce.
N. B. THAT ’tis better to tie back the Leaves with Bafs-mat, which
are before the Fruits, than to cut them away; but if Time will
not allow it, be fare to preferve thofe at the End of the Shoots,
that their neceffary Attrattions and Perfpivations may not be req
tarded, and thereby the Fruits vendev'd. infipid by the. Crudities
contain'd in them, that fhould have. been », betleee C oe at their
"excretory Dutts.
‘and the Fruits” Tre ae — —____—
GHA &: : XE¥
Of the Manner of gathering Fruits, and Preferving
them ‘ich Gathering.
han ied $f?
poe <j OT WITHSTANDING that we have ftrictly follow'd
2 ix fe all the preceding Directions, and got great Quantities of fine
JARRE? Fruits, yet if we don’t know when to gather them, “tis very
probable that we may’nt have any worth our Eating ; for when Fruits
are gather'd befere they are ripe, their Juices are crude, and being not
fully grown, they immediately fhrivel, and become tough. And on
the other Hand, when Fruits hang on the Trees a longer Time than their
Juices are ri en ‘d, ae Ji Mice are Po aed prelpined or seals away,
é ges
sey lt eo!
a F daawiiaaal
CHERRIES are fit to be gather'd when they are become ee very
deep black; and indeed, if they have a free drying Air, cannot be too
much ripen’d. They are belt being eaten from the Trees, after a
Shower of Rain; but moft commonly out of Spring Water after Dinner.
The beft Time to gather them is the Morning, when the Crudities of
the Dew are evaporated, before the Heat of the Day comes on.
APRI COT. S, viz. the Mafiuline, Roman, Ti urkey, sid Bruxels,
are varioufly eaten ; fome delighting to eat them when crilp, others
when mellow, or a little foft, but not mealy ; which laft, in my
humble Opinion, is the beft, becaufe that then all the Juices are in their
utmoft Perfection, which in the others a are crude and immature.
SOME delight to eat them ane the Tree, and indeed the Bruxel is
beft when fo eaten ; 5 others not until the next Day after gathering, which
b Cae of
82
; POMONA: @&,
of the two feems to be the beft, being gather'd in the Cool of the
Evening, and laid fingly on dry Vine Leaves.
PLUMBS, being next in Order, fhould hang on the Trees until
they will fall by an eafy Touch of the Finger ; but-when they drop
off themfelves, they are generally too ripe, and their Taftes become
infipid.
BUT there are fome Sorts of Plumbs which fhould remain on the
Trees until they begin to fhrivel, and thofe are. the Queen-Mother, Drab-
dor, and Imparatrice, which are then equal to any Fruit whatfoever.
PLUMBS fhould be gather’d in the Morning, when the Dew is
off, before the Heat comes on ; and as they in general have a beautiful
Flew on their Surfaces, we fhould gather them with a fingle Finger
and Thumb only, laying them in Nettles, when we intend to keep them
a Day or two after gathering. :
FIGS are fit to ‘gather when Drops appear j in their Eyes, or when
they become very foft and thrivel’ d about. their Stalks, fo as to hang al-
~moft pendant. In fhort, if Figs have a free drying Air, they cannot
be ‘too ripe in our Climate: When you gather Figs, lay them on their -
Sides, on dry Vine Leaves ; and in like Manner when ferv’d up for the
Table. :
Pp E A C HES thould be nays when ie part “fem the Tree by |
a gentle Touch, and are beft a Day or two after being gatherd. “They
-muft be laid fingle on Vine Leaves, on their Stalk-End or Bottoms,
~becaufe when they are laid on their Sides, they eee grow rotten.
GRAPES cannot be too well ripen’d, and therefore the —
they hang, fo that they are not fhrivel’d or mouldy, the better. All
White Grapes are generally tipe when they are pes and ting’d
ape a faint Amber Colour next the Sun.
/ Bunch in Paper Bags, dipped in {weet Oil, juft before they are
with
t
__ TO preferve Grapes a ais while after ripe ; “tis ufual to tie up |
ever
fally ripen d; others gather them at that Time, and fealing up their Ends
The Frurt-GarpeEn JMufrated.
83
with Wax, hang them fingly in a warm Room, which will preferve
them a long while: Bur the very beft Method that I could ever difcover,
was to gather them when nearly ripe, in a very dry Day, clofing up the
Orifices of their Stalks with Wax; and then after having hung about the
Space of one Day, to perfpire away what Crudities they had in their
Juices, I put each Bunch in a glazed Earthen Veffel, in fuch Manner as
to hang within Side, without rouching any Part thereof ; and having
before prepar’d a fufficient Quantity of Sand well dried, I fill’d up each
Pot therewith ; and then with wooden Covers to their Tops, feal’d
them down, fo as to let no Air or Moifture in. ‘Then placing my Pots
in a warm Cellar, I kept them till my Occafion requir’d me to ufe the
Fruits, which was-about three Months after their natural Seafon. And
‘tis my real Opinion, that» not only thefe Sorts of Fruits, but Peaches,
Apricots, Plumbs, dc. may, by the fame Method, be kept many
Months beyond their common Time.
WHEN I pour'd away the Sand from the Bunches, I dipped them
in clean Water, made Milkewarm, which wafhed.off the Grit of the
Sand, and caufed a Kind of a Flew to fucceed.
= SUMMER-Pears (like moft other Summer Fruits) are in. greatelt
: ‘ On cz " ,
J wey ee aA = IL Lt
-
a:
Per A AIO » VOR 1 tire’y™ — Tee oh 2 : }
that fall of themfelves are generally mealy.
AND fome Autumn Fruits are to be eaten in like manner, which
will not keep: a long while after gathering, and. fuck are the Burees,
isnt
Monfieur Fol, C57.
7 BOTH Autumn and Winter Fruits muft not be gather'd until. you
fee them begin to drop off themfelves, for then you may aflure your
felf that Nature has perform’d her Part. “Tis very prudent to lay
clean Wheat Straw under our Wall-Trees; and indeed Efpaliers, Dwarts,
and Standards alfo, where the Kinds are good, to preferve the firft per-
; fe& Fruits from being bruifed.
AND be fure that you gather in your Winter Fruits before the Frofts
~ come on, and that they are perfectly dry, and free from Bruifes. The
beft Method of forting Fruits, is at gathering, taking the beft firlt,
then
the
%
84
POMON A::: Or,
the next beft, and laftly the fmall ones. This’ Method preferves them
from thofe Bruifes, which cannot be avoided, when the feveral Sizes of
Fruits are gather d together, and afterwards tumbled about in forting.
THE clofer that Autumn and Winter Fruits are kept from the Air;
and the lefs difturb’d in keeping, the longer and better they will keep,
being warm and free from Vermine, which we muft. carefully guard
againft ; the firft by keeping the Windows clofe,; and covering thick
with {weet Wheat Straw ; and the latter with Traps, Cats, Cc. -
THE feveral Kinds of Fruits which follow in the enfuing Chapters,
are in general of the beft Sorts: And altho’ I have placed to every
Fruit, the Day on which ‘twas ripe this Year 1727. yet it is not to be
expected that every Year hereafter will produce them at the fame Time.
I have already proved that the different Nature of Soils alters the Good«
nefs of Fruits, and therefore the fame is to be underftood in the Seafons
of Ripening and Duration: For as thofe Fruits which grow on the
Tops of. Trees are fooner ripe than the others nearer to the Roots, they
having lefs Nourifhment’ communicated to them ; fo are Fruits much
forwarder in dry, fandy, gravelly Soils, which have much lefs Plenty of
Moifture, than Lands that are more plentifully ftored therewith. For
tho’ Moifture promotes Growth, yer it retards che Maturity of Fruits ;
and ‘tis therefore that the Opening of the Roots of Fruit-Trees in moift
Lands, caufes their Fruits to be confiderably forwarder.
AND fince that the different Natures of Soils caufe Fruits to ripen
fooner in one Place than another, ’tis therefore that fome Peoples Winter
Fruits, as Pears, de, are ripe and gone before their Neighbours are
fcarcely eatable, : )
The FRu1t-Garvdewn TWuftrated,
CHAP, XY.
ETS:
Of. CEERBAES.
5 q he H E R RIE. S ‘prodace Fe Brulee, ater c on the lateral Snags
x Ha} oy of the two and three, ¢c. Years Wood, or on.the laft Year's
0 gag Dé Wood | only, ,as the early May, and Morella Cherries, and
a their, yearly Shoots fhould. not be toppd .or prun’d; For by
Fig. Il. Plate XVI. which. is the laft. Year’s Shoot of .the Morella
Cherry, it. appears. that moft of the Fruits are produced at the End of
the Shoot. which would have been-cut away, had that Shoot been prun’d
at the End, as is ufual.
3
——-
me = ae eee ee ; ee i oot 2 f :
- i Ft ss “fe do tae h Phe 5 ote sh
» Sry “ ft. eens mi ee 9 ar ;
~. 4 u ge : n a ] hi h
ie UE (oe nat th 00d whic
sreclyces Fruit this Neat is Sent barren “gino excepting : ore aden
fome few Fiddes or Spurs, fuch as d d, (Fig. II. Plate IV.) where AB
is Part. of the laft Year's Shoots, with its Buds pene for Bloflom,
and B C the barren Wood of two Year's. old.
NOW feeing that the way Shoots become barren after once bearing, |
we are thereby taught the Neceffity of preferving new Wood every Year,
in-all the Parts of out Trees, for a Succeffion : For. when this Care is
not taken, our Trees produce their Fruits in theit extreme Parts ‘only, and
Ger interior Parts are ag barren.
TH E Morella ae ae well spend, is an excellent Fruit fr
the Table, as well as for Prev and i is a Ba great Bearer.
- poets nF = ae
86
POMON A: GO,
THE early {mall May-Cherry, (Fig. Ul. Plate XVII.) produces its
Fruits in the fame Manner as the preceding, and therefore we muft in
the like Manner preferve the yearly Shoots to fucceed thofe which produce
Fruits the fame Year : But fometimes the Wood of two Years old, pro-
duces Fiddes or Spurs, which bring good Fruits, (asd dd, Gc. Fig. V.
Plate IV.) the two Years Wood of the May-Cherry.
THE yearly Shoots of this Cherry have their Buds very nearly fet
together, as d dd, @c. reprefented in Fig. IV. of the fame Plate, and
therefore produce great Quantities of Fruits.
THE Holmans-Duke, (Fig. 1. Plate XVII.) is an excellent Fruit,
and great Bearer, as may be feen by the Bloffom-Buds ddd, eo’. (Fig. Il.
Plate 1V.) which are fituate on the two Years Wood BC, near to
whence the laft Year’s Shoot A B was produced. The Buds bb), cc.
ate Leaf-Buds, which prepare themfelves in the firft Year after
they are produc’d, to bear Fruits in the fecond: And the like of the
White and Black Heart, (Fig. IV,V. Plate XVII.) whofe feveral Branches
and Buds are in the fame Manner exhibited in Plate IV. Fig. I and II.
THE Carnation-Cherry, (Fig.II. Plate XVI.) in good Land, is an exe
cellent fine large firm pulped Fruit, comes late, and is better from a Standard
than againft a Wall. If “tis well order'd it produces a good Crop, for
it naturally produces much Bloffom, as may be feen by the Buds Fig. II
and IV. Plate V. where the Bloflom Buds d d A, Gc. Fig. TV. are but
preparing themfelves for opening : But thofe of Fig. Il. bb b, &c. are
greatly expanded, even almoft into Bloffom. _
THE Corone, Gafcorgne, and Bleeding-Heart-Cherries, being pro-
duc’d on Fiddes or Spurs of the two Years Wood, need no further
Explanation.
THERE are many other Kinds of Cherries that are very good,
as the Lukeward, Morifio, &'c. which I could not procure this Seafon,
and therefore omit their Defcriptions until I can gratify the Curious
with their true Reprefentations and Qualities.
N.B. THAT
*
ij
The Fru1t-Garven IIluftrated.
87
N.B. THAT the Leaves of the feveral Fruits reprefented in this
Work, are exattly after Nature itfelf, being the real Impref-
fions printed from the Back of every Leaf, when jess were firft
taken from their vefpettive Trees.
THE feveral Fruits avé. alfo as accurately delineated, which I
pevform'd, by cutting them exaétly thro from their Vertexes, per-
pendicularly to their Bafes ; and then laying their Settions on
Paper, I truly traced thew Out-lines, by the extreme Parts of their
Sections, and afterwards fhadowd them as herein exhibited ; fo
that I can juftly fay, they are a perfett and exalt Geometrical
Reprefentation of Nature.
: ay rnc eke
CHAP.
PO: M\O N-AsvOr
= THE firft ripe — are
CHAP. XVE
GALS.
ee oe2|\P RICOTS, or Abricots, in general, produce Fruits on the
%\ laft Year's Shoots, and therefore we muft always take care to
preferve young Wood for a Succeffion, that when we are ob-
: lig £6. cue out that which is barren, we may fupply the Stead with that
as is fruitful. But all the Fruits are not produc'd on the extreme, or laft
Year ’s Shoots, becanfe the Wood of two Years old does generally produce
{mall fruitful Branches, as b 5 d, Fig. I. and 7 mnbo, Fag. i. Plate XIX.
which likewife produce good Fenieags =
THE {mall lateral Bnisekes « are hea nail’d in at full Length,
as cabo, Fag. Il. but they produce better Peni when they are pruned,
as b b, fig. I. ad
icles Ie at Cake Joint, ——— the firft
and fecond Year's Wood, (as at:B, Fig. THI. Plate VIII and IX.) where
you fee thofe Blofloms are fully blown, whilft the others above, at ¢ ou;
are not half fo much expanded, becuais they receive lefler and later
Nourifhment from the Roots than thofe at B ; and in like manner thofe
at d d d, \efs and later than thofe at ¢ cc; and therefore it is that we are.
furnifh'd with feveral Crops, whereby they continue much longer, than were
they to ripen all together at one Time : But ‘tis always found that the firft
“5 is the beft.
THE Mafiuline sae (Fag. I. Plate XV.) is the firft that is
ripe 5 and when ‘tis difcretionally thin’d, and timely gatherd, is worth
the Notice of the moft Curious ; but when they are faffer'd to grow
in
oa
iin
The Fruit-Garven IVuftrated. 89
so
in great Quantities, and gather'd before or after they are ripe, they are
worth nothing.
THE next Apricot in Order of Ripening is the Roman. Apricot,
(Fig. BCDE, Plate XV.) which is a very great Bearet, and pleafant juicy
Fruit, if gather'd before ’tis mealy. Next to this is the true Orange
Apricot, which, of the two, is much the beft Fruit. But the very beft
Sorts, are the Turkey, Bruxels ot Breda, commonly called the Brugels
Apricot.
THE Turkey Apricot, (Fig. . Plate XV.) is an excellent, fine,
beautiful, pleafant-tafted Fruit, but is generally a bad Bearer, when
over-loaded | with Branches, according to the common Method
of nailing then. But on the contrary, when laid at the Length of
their Leaves, as before directed, “tis a Fruit that ripens about a Month
after the others, and continues fome Time. |
THE Bruxel Apricot, (Fig. Il.) is alfo ripe about this Time, and
beft on a Standard ;°’tis a very great Bearer, and the very beft of all che
feveral Kinds of Apricots, its Pulp being always firm, with a fine brisk
high-flavour'd Juice. “Tis beft propagated on the Mufcle-Plumb Stock,
eithersby—Grafting_or Inoculation, and delights in a warm Soil and —
OOS CES age ar ee
Situation.
sl Ait
go
POMON A: O,
*
= % ae XX, XXL where the Shoots A B being prun‘d at Bloffom-Buds ,and
|
CHAP Sar
of PLUMBS.
x aon 96) LUMBS produce their Fruits on the laft Year's Branches,
e el $8 as well_as on {mall lateral Snubs, as a aa, ec. on the two
+ a Years Wood, Fig. IV. Plate XIX.
THE Bloflom-Buds of Plumbs, as well as of Peaches and Apricots,
are double, as ¢, Gre. and sonelois eafily diftinguith’ d fiom Leaf-Buds,
which. are Single, 2 as b b, bie: Ill. Plate XIX.
WHEN re laft Year's Shoots se lateral Shoots, asI H K, /g. Ill,
Plate XIX. ’tis neceflary to reduce them within an Inch, or an Inch
and half of the grand Shoot, as at 4k 5 but thofe that are very fat,
as nm Hy my be left unpruned.
= =
THERE are a very great Variety of Plumbs, of which fome are
very good, and others very bad; which laft being unworthy of our
Notice, I thall therefore only have regard to thofe = are valuable.
*-
THE, firft ripe is the uti bale. White Petdon or Pats .
Plumb, (Fig. 1. Plate XX.) which is of a fine clear yellow, with a
white Flew, a great Bearer, and pleafant Juice, ripe Zune 9, 1727:
But oftentimes: when this Fruit is unskilfully pruned, as in Fig. I.
thei Fruits thereby left deftitute of Leaves which caufed them, are feldom
rth our Notice ; for altho’ they:are within the Power of Attraction,
and fupplied with the Juices that are attracted up by the Branch C D,
yet for want of Leaves they cannot fo well PenRee away the Crudities
of
1
om
——
' fpotted, and cover'd with a very thin light Violet Hite
The Fru1t-GarDEN TTufirated.
po a
91
of the Nourifhment they imbibe, and are. thereby render'd imperfect :
Befides, being expofed to the Sun and Air, their Sap-Veflels are thereby
dried up, and confequently cannot receive Nourifhment in fo great a
Quantity, as when in a fupple ductile Sate.
THE Red Primordian (Fig. Ul. Plate XX.) differs very little from
the preceding, except in Colour, which is a dark Red, cover’d with a
Violet Flew, and the Manner of producing its Fruits, which are gee |
nerally in Clufters, (as Fig. III. Plate XXI and XXIL) “Tis a very
pleafant-tafted Fruit when well ripen’d, and not too great a Numbet
upon the Tree : It ripens about three Weeks after the Fean-bative, viz.
Tune i. |
-
ee ee
THE MoroccoPlumb, (Fig. Ul. Plate XX.) is a fine Plumb, of very
dark or blackifh Blue, cover’d with a fine light Violet Flew, a good —
*
Bearer, and ripens about July 14, 1727. ‘on an Eaft-Wall.
i
N. B. THEIR common Magnitudes are generally | as large as the
prick d Line AB, veprefented im Plate XX. Ripe July 10, 1727.
7 South-Weft Wall. Ee a ee: * 2 | ©
*
—
> re eet gh ie Be Pepi aes Fy ae ae
.
THE Filferincliain or Foderingham Plumb, (Fig. VI. Plate XX.) alfo |
—
ie
called the Sheen Plunb, in refpect to its being a favourite Plumb sto
: ae tee pe DR sbi A: ia Se y ss hath |
Sic William Temple, who lw'd at Sheen neat Réchmon ses} Surry ee |
its Pulp very firm and crifp, full of an excellent rich”Juice, and comes —
from the Stone... Next the Sun tis a dark but a pleafant Red, a lictle
«YTS Skin is Something “bard, when Seafons are’ Wet and’Cold ; and
at fach Times “tis very apt to opef at its Bloffom-End, ets :
Tis an excellent Fruit againft a South-Eaft Wall, bur very ca —
palier : Ripe 4 1727. South-Ealt Wall.
when a Standard or Efpalier + Ripe July v4, 1727 es a -
2a = ~
S . * ¢ . Sor
; _ " ne Mott fa Lae
Ss Z : ef ae eed Tt ax &
We: ay igh y aon me Soe ’
* ” fais 2 3 >. a“
& . Pe "te #
92 : POMON A: Qr,
ee ~ - ~ eae
a | *,
( j= SBHE Imperial, (Fig. v. Plate XX.) or Red Bonum Mechiie is a
| beautiful but fomething coarfe Plumb, when eaten raw ; and therefore
‘tis oftner ufed for Baking, Reclervinw @c. and is then much
efteem’d, by the Curious: Ripe Fuly 15. North-Weft Wall.
THE Violet Plumb (Fig. Vil.) an old but valuable Plumb, either
| for the Table or Tarts: The Pulp is of a greenifh Yellow, cover'd
with a deep blue Skin, with a moft pleafant Violet Flew ; ‘tis a great
Bearer, and worth the Notice of the moft Curious : Ripe Fuly 15,1727.
Weft Wall. :
' | THE Royal (or Sit Charles Worfley’s) Plumb, Fig. VIN. Plate XX.)
fo called in. refpeét to its very rich fugar’d juicy Pulp, which cleaves
‘One, and is cover'd with a light Red about the Bloflom-End,
\ with faint red Specks from the fame, ending i in a yellowifh Green: *Tis
beft inywarm moift Lands, being fubje& to rot upon the Tree before
ripe in wet eee andlofes very much of its fine, rich, acid.
Flavour, "Tis a tet, and may be july p plac’d - the fir —
‘Rank of Plumbs is Fly Aes 17 29: Southebat Wall oe
| THE Blue or Vi solet Pordrigon, (Fig. IV. Plate XXII. is an exe
cellent Plumb ; its Pulp richly fugar'd, and cover’d with a fine Violet
Flew, fomething yellowifh. within > Tis: a good ee and one of the |
o beft in Easlend:: —_ Fea esY Welt Wall.
i ae 7
2 = xs Si Perdrigon
) ig. 23 Plate XXL) ) i isa Mie Plumb, 7
eddifh Spots, cover’d with a "white Flew : Its
oy . very fweet, with a pleafant Acidity attending
) comes es from the Stone, but the Skin is often Seating bitterith.
Tis a. god iucee — Auguft 3 Welt Wall. :
| “THE Mask, Perdrigen (Bie. ig. a Plate XXII) is an excellent 7
| ie Plumb ; its Pulp comes from the Stone,” very firm, full of a rich
) d Juice, Cover'd wehanel aencth b ck Skin, and pee = sue Flew : :
| 20, ee ata :
$2, a8
Sow
, ~ THE
. res
- # se . « ;
=
ee eer
f
f
The Frtir-Garbden Tduftrated.
ee
THE Cerney Perdrigon, (Fig. 1. Plate XXII.) is a moft beautiful
Fruit, coverd with a Crimfon Red, and faint Pearl-colour’d Flew ;
and when well ripen’d, “its Juices are very agreeable, which otherwife
are fomething harfh and acid : Ripe Fuly 20, Welk Wall.
THE Chefton Plumb, Fig. 11. Plate XXIL,) is a moft delicious rich
| Fruit, and therefore deferves.a South-Eaft Wall’; its Colour is a deep
Indigo, coverd with a fine Violet Flew : *Tisa 063 Bearer, and chere-
fore no Gentleman that ee iA in thefe Fruits fhould be without i it :
Ripe Fuly 15. Weft Wall... hte o — = ee 23
THE Maitre Claude, Wai vi. Plate XXII.) is another €xcellent
| Plumb, full of a fine rich Juice, and a firm Pulp, which comes from
the Stone, and cover’d with a beautiful Mixture of Red and Yellow : :
Pe Fuly 23. South-Eaft Wall. |
Riki
THE Reine Claudia, -ot Dueen Claude, (Fig. VIII. Plate XXtIL) is
an paceliett Plumb, yeilbee next oie Sun ae 3 HPC and coverd with a
7 — 2 » very. wl rs
Gort Ks Sone and is very full oF an™ TIt-T¥ re Tich Juice. _
‘ { > Fr chet ef Winn re . oe ae! id
Bearer : Ripe Auguf 8. Wen Wall.” —
THE White Mirable, am Vi. Plate )
‘colour’d Plumb, and a great ‘Bearer ; its Pulp cor
and is vaftly rich, with a fine delicious fugar'd Juice. “The Fruits are
very richly fugard, even when produc’d on Standards, or Durartt bur
much finer againft an Eaft or re Wall ‘aie July 1, 1727.
froma StandatG.:/ - 29" ‘ite *****
PTHE White Matchlefs, (Fig. e Plate joy, 3 is a bail Psi a
of alight yellow Colour, cover °d with a white Flew. © When this
Fruit is well ripen’d, ‘tis an excellent Plumb, but if eaten befor e |
the Pulp is fomething harfh and acids ‘tis a tolefable good 1 Bearer ;
Ripe July 24, 1727. Weft Wall.
se goo ie 3
te et tom Pon? Swit ZF I ote
= on " , ss
B b “ =? fe 2a03! Ot F sc THE
ae : Z
« Bhs
es Fo =
_ THE Black Damofine, (Fig. II. Plate XXIV.) is a very pleafant
_acid Plumb, upon its Ripening, but afterwards more fugar'd ; its Pulp
comes from the Stone, of a greenifh Yellow within, very deep or rather
+e
a blackifh Blue, cover'd with a fine Violet Flew,; ‘tis a very good -
Bearer : Ripe Fuly 25, 1727. Eaft Wall.
THE Queen Mother, (Fig. HI. Plate XXIV.) is an excellent Fruit,
~ when fully ripen’d ‘fo as to be a little thrivel’d on the Tree; its rich Pulp
is yellow within, comes from the Stone, which is very {mall in Propor-
tion to the Whole; next the Sun is a dark Red, which lofes its felf with
a few red Spots, in a dark Yellow : ’Tis a very good Bearer, but in
fome wet Soils, ‘tis: very fubject to be Maggot-eaten within-fide : Ripe
Auguf, 42, 1727. South, Wall... ©. 5 2,
i eee _
PRE “Green Gage, (Fig. I V. Plate XX] K.) is another of the sag
:
| beft Plumbs ; its Pulp is green, richly fugar’d, and comes from the
| Stone ; ‘tis cover'd witha greenifh yellow Skin, which, when ripe, hath
: a ligele Blufh of red Spots next the Sun, with a very pale Flew, This,
like the Queen Mother, is very fubje& to Worms or Maggots in. wet
Seafons : “Tis a great Bearer when, well pruned, and is an excellent Fruit
even on Dwarfs or Efpaliers, but much. better againft a South-Eaft Wall -
oo Bearer se The P ulp. Js Pap esetet fweet, yellow, within, but ic)
| Cleaves to the Stone; its Out! € 4s.am Amber-colour, cover’d. with-a
ike re .
IN a wet Seaton ‘tis fubjed to Worms, which I believe to be gene-
tated by the ‘Crudities of the Sap, for want of Perfpiration ; becaufe
-when
s :
; ~
re ca
a,
Heh es
; 4 a
|
|
|
|
.|
|
|
The Frurr-GarRvDEN TDuftrated.
95
when they are kept thin in wet Seafons, they are not fo much affected
therewith : Ripe Auguft 12, 1727. Eaft Wall.
THE Yellow Diapree, or Diaper’'d Plumb, (Fig. IV. Plate XXIV.)
-js-a fimall but very good Fruit ; its Pulp is a beautiful Yellow within
and without, and comes from the Stone, It muft be eaten as foon as
gather’d, being fomething mealy when kept a Day or two afterwards ;
Ripe Auguft 61727. Eaft Wall.
/ EHE Turkey Plumb, (Fig..V. Plate XXV) i a Yatge beauriful
Fruit 5 its Pulp‘is of a greenifh Yellow within, very fiveet, aiid cover'd
\ with a pleafane blackifh Red when ripe: “Tis a tolerable good Bearer :
Ripe Fuly 20, 1727. South Wall. ”
{ THE Mogule Plumb, ot White Bonum Magnum, (Fig. VI.
Plate XXV.) alfo called the White Holland, ot Dutch Plumb, an ex-
‘cellent Fruit for Baking or Preferving ; when ‘tis ripe its Pulp is very
'yellow within, as well as without, and cover’d with a fine white Flew:
The Pulp fticks to the Stone, hath a fine fharp Acid when ripe ; tis a
; 4 beautiful Fruit : Rip Auge 20,1727. South
| THE Wentworth Plumb, Fig. IV. Plate X} fo called from its
being firft planted in the Gardens of the Right Honourable the Earl of
Strafford at Tavickenbam = Its Form, Cc lout, and Tafte, are exactly
“the fame as the Mogule ; but.as the Mogale cleaves to the Stone, this
\ parts freely from it, and therefore it is looked upon to be the very beft
Plumb in England for Preferving ; “tis a good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 20,
1727. South-Eaft Wall. | ee
THE Imperatrice, (Fig. IT . Plate XXV. called by fome the late
LV. jolet, or Blue Perdrigon) is a moft delicious Fruit when ‘tis fuffer'd to
| hang on the Tree until ‘tis a little {hrivel'd ; its Pulp is a greenith Yellow
within, vaftly rich, with a fine fugar'd Acid, and cleaves to the Stone :
\ The Ont-fide is a blackifh Red, cover'd with a fine Violet Flew ; ‘tis a
good Bearer : Ripe September 10, 1727- South-Ealt Wall.
THE ©
96
POMONA: Or;
THE White Pear Plumb, (Fig. 1. Pilate XXV.) is another excellent
Plumb for Preferving, and the Table alfo, when fully ripe, its Juice
_ being very agreeably mix’d with a pleafant fugar’d Acidity ; the Pulp
_ isa yellowifh Green, cover'd with a fine light Flew; ‘tisa good Bearer,
and ripens late, September 10, 1727. North Wall.
[ N. B. JHE Black Pear Plumb, (Fig. II.) és am excellent Fruit for
| Baking and Preferving ; and altho ’tis a very common Plumb,
| yet it muft not therefore be defpis'd, as wife Florifts do good Flowers,
| ° > .
when they become common in every Man’s Garden befides their own.
[he Frurt-Garven Wuftrated.
97
An Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding Plumbs,
exhibiting their Times of Ripening, and different
=> Rete Cravpia
e “
P a z
, a eee : dae
~. WentworTH.
Warts Pear. Prove - =
Afpects.
CuESTON ———
CATHERINE sie
- Drap-p or
Drarre Yelhw —<—
Damosine Blak ——
ForHERINGHAM .
Green GAGE
Jean-Harive
IMPERIAL
IMPERATRICE —
Mirasre W bite
Morocco —
Matrrre CraupeE
- Marcutess White
s as, od oe. 89 “6 fs io f, on:
Peapaicon Blue
- PerpricoNn W bite
Perpaicon. Musk
_ ._PerpRicon. Cerney, .—
Queen Moruer ©
Roya —
Viorer =
ntes eee
~
‘OantEANS <> 5 |
PaimorpiaAN Blue —
—
— ———
ery
a
Ripe.
July 15,
Aug. 12,
Fuly 20,
Aug, 6,
July 25,
_Fuly 14,
~ -Guly 30,
Fune 9,
July 15,
Sept. 10,
Fuly 20,
july 14,
July 23,
July 24;
s F d aad z GYT4
July 4,
Fuly 20,
Aug. 1,
hey 20,
July 30,
Aug. 12,
Fuly 20,
Aug. 8,
July 20,
Fuly NS,
Aug.20,
Aug. 39;
Cc
Afpetts.
Welt Wall.
South-Eaft,
Welt.
Eaft.
Fatt.
South-Eatft.
Eaft.
South-Eaft, |
North- Weft.
- South-Eaft.
Standard.
Eaft.
South-Eaft.
Welt.
CHAP
98
POMON A: @,
CHAP. XVIIL
Of PEACHES and NECTARINES.
apsenee) LL THO’ Nectarines differ from Peaches in their Colour,
ey) A fay, Smoothnefs of Skin and Tafte, yet their Propagation and
INOKC% Manner of Pruning, Gr: are the fame ; fo that when I am
treating on the ordering of oa the fame is to be underftood of
Nectarine Trees.
ALL Kinds “Of Peaches produce their Fruits upon the laft Year’s
Wood, as A B, Fig. VII. Plate II and Il. which never bears again,
but produce from Shoots or Fiddes yearly afterwards, as C DE, onBE
the two Years Wood; and the like of che finall Shoots DE FG, (Fig. X.)
produced from the two Years Wood X W of the Catherine Peach :
And ’tis therefore that we muft always, during the Summer Seafon,
preferve a fufficient Query of new Wood to fucceed the old.
THE Bloflom-Buds of Peaches // 1, éc. being very plump, and larger
than the Leaf-Buds ¢ 7 7, 2c. are eafi ly diftinguifh’ d from them, when we
come to make Choice thereof at the Time of Pruning.
IT appears by the Shoots of the Apricot (fig. TI. Plate VIM, IX.)
that the Bloffoms at the extreme Parts are much weaker than thofe at B:
For as the extreme Part A was produced when the Vigour of the Sap
was over, and the Seafon colder than in the Spring, they are therefore
very weak and immature ; and tis for this Reafon that the Ends of oe
= which are predic d late in the Spring, are prun’d,
< bi i
BUT
‘
“6
PROTRAE eh 5 OR Ee A SE EE SEES st ei ST A
The Fruit-Garven Tbuftrated.
99
BUT fiance that there is not fo much as one Leaf-Bud between B and A,
therefore that at A, the extreme Bud, muft not be pruned, becaufe there
is no other Leaf-Bud to attract Nourifhment to the Bloffoms, and perfpire
away the Crudities thereof ; for was that Shoot to have the Leaf-Bud A
prund off, the whole Branch would perifh when the Fruits are ripen’d,
if any happen to grow thereon.
AND ‘tis the very fame in the Branches of Peach-Trees : for was
the Branch A B, Fig. VI. Plate VIII and IX. to have its leading Bud A
prun’d away, it would die as aforefaid ; but if the laft Year's Shoot A B,
Fig, Vil. Plate Il and IIL. were to be prun’d at the Bud 4, it would not
die, becaufe it is a Leaf-Bud, and of the fame Nature as the extreme
Bud 3B.
THERE are many Kinds of Peaches which produce Leaf-Buds
near tot heir Bloffom Buds, as B f f f,é’c.Fig.VI. and n a 0,0. Fig. VIII.
Plate I and Ill. which is a very great Advantage to the Fruits, in
ftrongly attracting Nourifhment to them, as well as freely perfpiring
away the Crudities thereof.
Pe etek
and BC D, dor. Fig. I. Plate XI. the
Peach, and ‘tis always feen that thofe Kinds of Peaches are the beft
tafted and moft fruitful.
PEACHES have a very great. and beautiful Difference in the
Magnitudes and Colours of their Blofloms : The earlieft being for the
generality very large and beautiful, as the old Neawéngton, Fig. IX.
Plate Ul, Ill. and Fig. VI. Plate VIII, IX. and the Albemarle Peach, 2.
Fig. Vi. Plate U1, Il. And the late Kinds very fmall, but yet very
beautiful in cheir Kinds, as the Catherme, Fag. VIII. Plate Il, Ill. the
.
lace Admivable, °c. Fig. V. Plate YUU, 1X.
THE Goodnefs of Peaches depends very much upon their Quantity,
for they are never worth any thing when left very thick upon the Trees,
which is always done by a covetous ‘Temper, which makes good the old
Proverb, AU covet, All lofe. |
THIS
, £00
POMON A:'Or,
inns dr iii Na ate
THIS very Year I number'd 103 Dozeniof Early, or Smith’s Neaw-
ington ‘Peaches, on one fingle Tree, in the Garden of a very reputed
Gardener for the Management of Fruits, which being in general very
fmall, and infipid tafted, were fold: at Market for Six-pence per Dozen :
Now had Nature been kindly treated with, and:burden‘d with 10 or 15
Dozen only, inftead of fo many, fhe would have ‘been: able to have
producd them with their true Taftes, and all other ets in the
greateft Perfection. |
I HAVING already laid down the Diftances that the Branches
fhould be laid from: each other, (viz. the Length of their Leaves) it
only remains to fhew their Diftances that they fhould ripen at upon the
Branches, which is exhibited by Fig. II. Plate XXVI.
THUS far by — of —- ; now we'll proceed to the Fruits
themichyes.
THE Girlk 9 ripe “Peach § is cher White se or ell Wh bite Peach,
{ (Fig. 1. Plate XXVII.) its Juice is fiveet and fomething musky, when
well ripen’d ; its Colour is a very light, or rather a pale Green ; ‘tis a
preat Bearer : Ripe Gune Pe Pe 3: South Wall.
THERE is alfo another Sort of Natineg Peach, which is called the
Red Nutmeg, ot Troy Peach, which tipens foon after the White Nut-
meg, and is a great Bearer alfo: Its Fruits are generally fomething larger
than the other, but in ‘Tafte mich the: fame, — a beautiful, ‘broken,
wee red Colour next the ‘Sun.
THE Ann Peach, fig. Ul. Plate KXVIT) is a tmall, but very good
| Peach; adey the Nutmegs ; its Pulp “is very pleafant, and comes
from the Stone ; ’tis-a ipa meats —_— Jv 10, 1727. Eaft Wall.
THE Red Magdalene, (Fie. v. Plate XXVIL ) i is a outs Fruit, ae
fall of a rich fugar’d Juice ye comes ‘from the Stone, which is very
| red, as is alfo the Infide of the: Pulp next about it ;“next the Sun ‘tis a
bia ‘kith: ‘Red, which lofes itfelf in a = Green ; ; tis a ge Beater :
aS Tees 20. South Wall.
THE
t
The Fruitr-Garven Illuftrated. Mey
THE White Magdalane, (Fig. Vi. Plate XXVII.) comes from the
— Stone, which is of a light Cinamon Colour. The Pulp next to it is
very white, excepting that Part of it which is next the Rib of the Stone,
which is a little ting’d with Red: The Pulp is of a great Subftance,
full of a fine fugar’d winy Juice, and melting ; ‘tis a good Bearer :
Ripe Fuly 30. Weft Wall.
THE Yuteon de Venice (Fig. WV. Plate XXVIII.) is commonly taken
for the White Magdalene, being very like it : It comes from the Stone
which is a Cinamon Colour, but the Pulp next about it is a light Green,
wherein it only differs from the White Magdalene; ‘tis a very good
Fruit, and a great Bearer : Ripe Zu/y 20. South-Weft Wall.
ee LO ESI ATE A My
N. B. BOTH thefe laft Peaches have very little Red in them nent
the Sun, being chiefly a pale Green,
THE Rozanna, (Fig. Ill. Plate XXVII.) comes from the Stone,
| which is a brown Colour ; the Pulp next about it is very Green = Its
Juice is very rich, and therefore in great Efteem among the Curious ;
-“fiext the Sun ‘tis very Red, which lofes it felf in a faint Green 5 ‘tis a
DCalCi . INTpe fer
a
re ena Ee oe 2 .
er - aa .
ee a a a ee ia
ee. i.
THE Smith’s Newington, (Fig. 1. Plate XXVIIL) alfo called the
Early Newington, is a very good Fruit, and great Bearer; its Pulp is
firm and very like the Old Newington, but, in my Opinion, much
fhort of that moft delicate Flavour which the Old Newington abounds
with ; It clofely adheres to the Stone, and is of a beautiful Red next the
Sun : Ripe Fuly 25, 1727. South-Eaft Wall.
° THE Minion, (Fig.l. Plate XXVIIL) its Pulp abounds with a fine
3 rich fugar’d Juice, and adheres clofe to the Stone, which is a dark Red ;
as is alfo the Outfide next the Sun: The Pulp is very firm, and full of
| fall red Spots under the red Part of the Skin, when pared; ‘tis an ex-
"cellent Fruit, and'a good Bearer : Ripe ‘uly 20. South Wall.
“THE Noblefs, (Fig! Ill. Plate XXVIL) or Noble, is an excellent
\ Fruit, and truly worthy of its Name : It comes from the Stone, e 2
LQ2
POMON A: QO,
| has a Peek rifing on its upper End, like that of the Fruit ; ‘tis of -
brown Colour, diy indented, with many Fibrous Parts of the Pulp
clofely adhering to it: The Pulp is melting, full of a delicious Juice,
a little colour’d with Red next the Stone, and ftreak’d with dark Streaks
of Red without next the Sun ; a good Bearer: Ripe July 20, 1727.
South Wall.
THE Montabon (Fig. 1V. Plate XXVIIL) is an excellent Fruit ; its
Pulp is tender and melting, and comes from the Stone, which is a
brown Red: The Infide of the Pulp next the Stone is mixd with light
‘Red, but the Outfide next the Sun is a deep Red ; ‘tis a very good
Bearer: Ripe Fuly 30. South Wall.
THE Bordine, (Fig. V. Plate XXVIII.) is'a very valuable Fruit ;
its Pulp comes from the Stone, of a fine vinous Tafte, and of a lovely
Red next the Stone, which is of a dark Cinamon Colour, to which
_ fome few Fibres of the Pulp adheres : Next the Sun a fudden Red, which
lofes it felf with {mall Spots of Red in a yellow Green ; ‘tis a good —
Bearer : Ripe Fuly 30, 1727. Weft Wall.
_ THE Newington Neforine, (Fig. \. Plate XX1X.) its Pulp clofely
adheres to the Stone, which is very red, full of an excellent rich Juice
when perfectly ripe, which is known by its hanging until it is a little
fhrivel’d ; its outward Colour next the Sun is very red, which lofes
it felf in a ftrong Yellow 5 ” tis a Ber Bearer : bk: ad 30, 1 727.
South Wall. | |
THE Roman Neétorine, (Fig. I. Plate XXIX,) its sits clofely
adheres to the Stone, which is very red, as alfo its outward Skin next
the Sun, which is loft in a fine deep Yellow + When ‘tis well ripen’d ’tis
an excellent Fruit, full of a fine delicious fol Juice ; “tis a good
Bearer ; Ripe uly 30. South Wall.
__ THE Elvuge Neéforine, (Fig. I. Plate XXIX.) has a foft melting
Pulp, comes from the Stone, and very red next about it; but the Stone
is a brown Red : The Out-skin isa very black Red next th Sun, which
lofes it felf in a yellowifh Green next the Wall ; ‘tis a very good Bearer:
Ripe Ty 32 1727. South Wall.
THE
ae ae oe
The Frui1t-Garpven Iduftrated. 102.
THE Ttalian, ot Brunion Neétorine, (Fag. IV. Plate XXIX.) is a
moft excellent, rich, vinous-flavour’d Fruir, when well ripen d ; its Pulp
is very firm, and cleaves to the Stone, which is very red, as alfo is the
out Pare next the Sun, which lofes it felf in a pleafant Yellow : Ripe
Auguft 6, 1727. South-Welt Wall.
| THE Golden Neétorine, (called by fome, tho’ falfly, the Temple
Neéforine, Fig. VY.) its Pulp adheres very clofe to the Stone, which is of
_ avery light Brown, or Snuff Colour : “Tis very yellow within as well
as without, excepting next the Sun, where ‘tis intermix’d with Spots and
Streaks of Red ; ‘tis a fine rich flavour’d Fruit when well tipen'd, and
therefore it fhould not be gather'd until ‘tis fomething fhrivel’d ; ‘tis a
- good Bearer: Ripe Auguft 20. Weft Wall.
THE Early Admivable, (Fig. W. Plate XXX.) comes ftom the
Stone, which is of a Cinamon Colour ; the Pulp next to it is white,
with fome few Tinétures of Red: it may be juftly called Admirable
in regard to its fine delicious melting Pulp : The out Part next the Sun
js ftceaked with pleafant Red, which lofes it felf in a light Yellow ; ‘tis
~ which is a Cinamon Colour; the Pulp is white next the Stone, melting,
and full of a fine tich Juice, fomething acid. Next the Sun ‘tis of a
| Carnation Red, which is loft in a yellowifh Green ; ‘tis a good Bearer :
Ripe September 4. Weft Wall.
THE Pafi-Violet, (Fig. il. Plate XXX.) or Double Troy Peach;
its Pulp comes from the Stone, being very red next about it : its Tafte
is very like the Red Nutmeg, but its outward Coat is of an Orange
Colour, faintly dotted with brownifh Red: Ripe Auguft 6, 1727.
Eaft Wall. — Es
| "THE Nivet (Fig. IV. Plate XXX.) comes from the Stone, which
is very red, as alfo the Pulp next about it, but within ‘tis very yellow :
| ’tis a fine rich fugar'd melting Fruit, of a dark Red next the Sun, which
—- A
/
£04.
POMONA:.@,
bs loft in a faint Yellow; ‘tis a good Bearer: Ripe Auguft 8, 1727.
ot
Eaft Wall.
© THE Purple Alberge, (Fig. V. Plate XXX.) fo called, being
' coverd with a Coat of Purple about the Bloflom-End, which lofes it felf
in a dark Red, blended with Yellow ; its Pulp is yellow within, and
| very red about the Stone, from which it parts: “Tis a moft. delicious
~ tich juicy Fruit, and a good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 3. Eaft Wall.
THE Violet-Hative Fig. Vi. Plate XXX.) comes from the Stone,
| which is of a lively Red on the Edges, but on the Bulge a Chocolate
| Colour : Next to the Sun ’tis a very dark Red, which is foftned off in
a fotter Red, which at length is loft with fmall red Spots, in a Ground
blended with Red and Yellow : Its Juice is the moft delicious I ever
tafted, it far excels the Old Newington, notwithftanding that is fo ex-
cellent a Fruit : Ripe Augu/t 8. Eaft Wall.
| THE Old Newington (Fig. 1. Plate XXXI.) its Pulp clofely adheres
to the Stone, which is of a lively Red, “and very full of a moft delicious
| sich Juice ; its Pulp is very firm when ripe, and of a beautiful Red next
: the Sun, which lofes it felf in yellowifh Green when ripe : It is but an
indifferent Bearer when nail’d in thick with Wood, but the reverfe, (as -
before noted) when the Branches are laid about nine Inches apart : Ripe
Auguft 6. South Wall.
[ THE Aihempele ig. Il. Plate XXXL) ¢ comes from the Stone, which
is of a brownifh Red ; but the Pulp next the Stone is a fine Vermilion
| Red, and of a very great | Thicknefs ; its Pulp is melting, and full of a
very “rich: vinous Juice: Next the Sun ’tis very dark Red, which is
(
| foftned off, and loft in a yellowifh Green, fet very thick with {mall red
— ‘tis a good Bearer : Ripe Angi 8. South Wall.
THE Brook's Peach, fo alled ae the Lord Brooks, who firft pto-
| pagated it in his Gardens at Tawickenbam in Middlefex, (Fig. Ml.
| “Plate XXX.) Next to the Sun ‘tis of a fine Vermilion Red, which lofes
: felf wich fmall red Spots in a yellowifh Green. The Pulp is of very
gr at Sudftance, ‘and comes from the Stone, which is of a Cinamon
cr § the inward Part of the Pulp next about the Stone is very
~ white :
*
The Frurt-Garven Iluftrated.
——"
104
| white ; its Juice is very delicious, and the Pulp melts in eating; ‘tis a
\ very good Beater: Ripe Auguft 8. Welt Wall.
Sy cm aietaeiiaeiiics on ante eee ee
THE Hemskirk, (Fig. TV. Plate XXX1.) is a moft beautiful delicious”
Fruit ; the Pulp has a {mall Adherence to the Stone, which is of a dark
red Colour, as alfo the Pulp about it: Its Outfide next che Sun is a very
deep or blackifh Red, which goes off gradually towards the back Part,
which is fet very thick with {mall red Spots; ‘tis a very flefhy Fruit;
and a good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 8, 1727, South-Eaft Wall.
THE Bellows, (Fig. V. Plate XXXI.) is a very great Bearer, and an
excellent good Fruit ; Its Pulp: comes from the Stone, which is a light
Brown, and the Pulp next about it very white, with a Tincture of
Red next the Cleft or Edge of the Stone : Its Skin, which does freely
peel off, is of a pleafant Red next the Bloffom-End, and lofes, it felf
with {mall red Specks in. a yellowifh, Green :| Ripe Augaft 1, Welt
Wall.
THE Swalze or. Saolxe, (Fig. 1. Plate XXXII.) is faid to be firlt
poor to England by the Lord Peterborough ;, its Pulp comes from
¢, which i is very ee as wel as the le next about it, and tis
larger t than in the Fipn >—Nes neSun Set = is om
Fa,
THE Pavy: Royal. (Fig. I. Plate XXXL.) comes from the Stone,
which is of a Cinamon Golour ; its Pulp is very: red. about the Stone,
| containing a J uice equal to the beft- Peach or Pavy in the World : Its
.
Ce nanan’
Ourfide is a black Red, beautifully ftrip’d with a> fine Vermilion Red,
: which is foftned off in a yellowith Green ; ‘tis a very good Bearer, and |
| were it to be nail’d in very thin, it would, without Difpute, bethe very
beft Peach in eaeine! 38 Auguft 55-1727. Eaft Wall.
THE Poopree ( Fig. int Plate XXXII): comes: Pa Hl othe Stone)
which is both red and brown : - The Pulp next about the Stone is very.
red, and, if eaten before quite ripe, has. very much of the Old New-
ington Talte i in it ; but the Juice is much fiver 3 adi — ripen'd : Rat
Auguft 24, 1777. Ealt Walle 7 22 a
106
POMON A: Or,
THE Rickets Peach, (Fag. 1V. Plate XXXII.) fo called in regard to
| <" being firft propagated by Mr. Rickets, late a Nurfery-man at Hoxton :
t comes from the Stone, which is of a Cinamon Colour, with a Tinge
of Red in the Cléfts ; the Pulp next the Stone is of a beautiful Red,
which lofes it felf in an almoft tranfparent white Pulp, which is melting
and very full of a very weet delicious Juicé = its Outfide next the Sun
is of a very pleafant Vermilion Red, which is foftned off with very.
fmall Spots-in a light yellow Ground ; ‘tis a good Bearer : Ripe Augu/t
25, 1727. Sout Met Wall.
PAE Lite ddmivabhe (Fig. V. Plate XXXIL ) comes from the Stone;
which is a Cinamon Colour, to which adheres many Fibrous Particles
of the Pulp : Next the Stone it’ is:a very deep Red, melting, and full
of an excellent tich Juice ; the Out-skin is of a ‘pleafant’ Red next the
Sun, which is foftned': off with very minute Spots, into a pleafant
Yellow ; ‘tis a very good Bearer : Ripe Auguft 24, 1727. South Wall.”
THE Bell Chevrenfe, idmmorily ealled Chewerufe, (Fig A.Plate XXXII1.)
| comes ° from the Stone, which is‘of a light brown Colour ; and next
abotie it the’ Pulp” is of ‘a pleafant Vermilion Red, which is full of a
— foft fugard Juice : ‘The Ouc-skin next the Sun ‘is a firong Red, that is
foftned off in’a Ae Green ; ‘tis'a Sa Bearer : ng ccd 2A, 727.
South- Weft Wall.° 8s oom) taesc8ll &: j
THE Burdock (Fag. WT. Plate. XXXII) its Pulp ; ion to the Stone,
which is of a Cinamon Colour 5: “tis of a, very great Subftance, ‘very:
= firm, ‘dnd full of a moft delicious. tich Juice :. Its Outfide ‘next the Sun.
ir tee
ace pope =
is a beautiful Vermilion Red, which is foftened off with-fmall red Spots:
in a pleafant yellow Green ; ‘tis a: good Bearer, and as. good a Fruit: as.
any of the Kind: ni — 30, 1727. South Wall.
THE Rinmbolion, or Roatak Fig. 1 Ill. Plate <uuuEeS comes ©
from the Stone, which is of a Cinamon Colour; the Pulp next about it is
of a light Red, and_ its. inward | Pulp of a fine; Yellow.; ‘tis full of :a.
fine vinous rich Juice, and is. an ‘excellent Fruit.) The Outh de next the.
Sun isa fine pleafant Red, which is foftned: into a — Yellow 5 “tis. a’
| Se Bearer : Se September 20, os Wall.
THE
V
ae
The Fruir+GarpeEen Thuftrated.
-
THE Italian Peach (Fig. V. Plate XXXII.) comes from the Stone,
which is very like»the Stone of the Rickets*Peach in’ its Colour } its
Pulp next about the Stone is a deep Red, and next the Sun a blackifh
Red, cover with a very thick Cotton or Down, which is foftned off
with {mall red Spots in a light yellow Ground: ’Tis melting, ahd full
of very rich fugar'd Juice ; the Pulp is of very great Subftance, and in
brief it is mot; inferior to the very beft Peach growing, when planted
againft a South+Eaft Afpe& ina’ warm Soil; ‘tis a good Bearer: Ripe
September §,.1727. South-Eaft. Wall.
THE Malacotune (Fig. IV. Plate XXXIIL) its Pulp adheres to ite
Stone, which is a, pleafant Red : ‘The Pulp is very firm, and of a fine
rich Flavour, not unlike that of the Old Newington: Next the Sun ‘tis a
deep Vermilion Red, which is foftned off with beautiful Flakes or {mall
Patches of, the fame, in a ielenit Green ; ‘tis a good Bearer : : Ripe
September ro 1 727. South Wall.
ZAE Catherine, (Fig. VI. Plate XXXIIL.) tho’a late, yet an ae
as rich-flavour'd Fruit, when there is but a reafonable Quantity on the
| ) Leplanted in in a warm moift ai ang South-
THE ‘ay ie Peach, Hs vi. Plate LXXI1.). fo called aot its s Pulp
being entirely red within ; ‘It ‘comes from the Storie, which is a black or
rather a Purple. Red, as is alfo the Pulp next about it: The Outfide i is,
in Confideration of i its late Ripening, well defended from the Injuries
of Heat and Cold, ‘by a very great Covering of a Cottony or Downey
| Subftance, under, which is a very black or Purple Red : Tis a very
great Bearer, and, confi dering. its. late Seafon of Ripening, which is
Oéfober, ‘tis ier bad Emit ; : and. therefore every Garden, even for Cu-
zak 5 Sake only, | fhould fot be without one Tree thereof at the leaft.
168 POMONA: Or,
eAn Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding Peaches,
exhibiting their Times of Ripening, and different
Afpects.
Ripe. Afpetts,
Ann Peach ——-——= Fuly 10, Eaft Wall.
ALBERMARLE —— Aug. 8, South.
ApmirasLe Early = Aug, 10, South-Eaft,
ApmirasLE Late —— Aug. 24, South.
Avperce Purpie Aug. 3; Faft.
Brooxes Peacu Aug. 8, Welt.
~ BELLows aa Aug. \ Weta
BorpINE —_— Fuly ie: Weft. —
Bert-CuEvErvsE = —— Aug. 24, South- Weft.
Bioopy Preach —— Od. 10, Faft.
* Burpock —— “ug. 30, ~~ South, |
Caraernins == = SSept._15, South.
‘Eraver Necrorins — July 30, South.
* Gotpen NEecrorINE Aus. 20, Weft.
HemskIRK ae Se Aug. 8, South-Eaft.
Irautan Peach —— Sept. 10 South-Eaft,
*% [rattan NecTORINE Aug. 6, _ South-Weft.
~‘Macpatens White —= Fuly 30, Weft.
MacpateneE Red —— _ uly ae South.
Minton — uly 20, South. =
~‘Mowrason ~~ ———- Fully 30 South, as
* MaiacoTuNE © —— Sept. 10 South, —
Niver — -—— Aug. 8, ~ Eafe
* Newincron Necr.— Fuly- 30, South.
* Newincron Smith's— —-Fuly 25, South-Eaft, .
—* Newincron Old — ~~ ug. 6, ~— South.
Nurmec White ——._ une 15, South.
Nurmec Red a Fune 25, South,
Nosress — —— {ub 20, — South.
Wormers — —— Aug: 24, Eaft.
Pavy Roya —— Aug. 15, Eaft.
PasseVIoLEt
| e The Frurt-Garpven Jdsftrated.
109
iN
Ripe. Afpeéts.
Pass-VioLer —— Aug, 6, Eaft
RumBuLtion — Sept. 20, Weft.
L See: Rozanna oe July 20, — South-Welt.
| Rickets oa —- Aug. 25, Welt.
* Roman Necrorine — Guly 30, — South.
SWALZE
Aug. 1, Welt:
Tempte Nectrorins — Sept- 4, Welt.
Turron pE VEenIczE == Fuly 20, South.
Vioret-Harive Aug. 8, Eaft.
N. B. THOSE Fruits whofe Pulps adbere to their Stones are
called Pavies, which in this Table are diftinguifbed by a Star *
placed againft them: The others without the afovefaid Character
are called Peaches, becaufe their Pulps are melting, and come
freely from their Stones. —
Ff CHAP.
“aso _ * Sas. GQ: M: @ (ND Axr On;
CHAP, Ln
o GRAPES, and their Orprnine:
thofe ee or Joints, whofe sbiat. mis ‘and fifth Joints, produce the
Fruits we receive. Ses
IT is a common. Method amongft moft Gardeners, to prune the laft
Year's Shoots of Vines to four Buds, (as Zz. I. Place LIV.) imagining
that their Fruits are produc’d as aforefaid : And indeed where there is
Plenty of Wood the Method isnot amifs, when Vines are growing
againft a Wall ; but in Vineyards ‘tis entirely wrong, if the Vines are
in a good State oh Health : ‘For when the Seafon has produc’d Branches
that are truly healthful and mature, they may. be prun’d to three Feet
each in Length ; and if. af etwards, in the Spring, they are inclin’d to
an almoft horizontal ‘Pofition, at proper Diftances from each other, fo
as to have a free Perfpiration, every Bud would produce a Shoot, and
each Shoot two or three Bunches of Grapes ; fo that inftead of having
from one Shoot, after the common Method of Pruning, to four Joints,
but three or four Bunches only, we may have ten or twelve, and each
equally as good ; and confequently a very few Plants will produce a
great Quanticy of Fruits. If any doubr or difpute the Truth hereof, let
them but go and view the Vines now growing in the Garden of
Mr, Warner at Rotherbith, which, iby. his judicious Management after the
Manner before defcrib’ d, annually “produce great Quantities of the Bur-
gundy, and, if I xin not, the Claret-Grape alfo, with which he
makes
+
The Fruit-Garpen Luftrated.
Seiad
Itt
*
makes chearful Neétor for the Accommodation of his Friends. But
fince that our Climate and Soil, in many Parts of England, is not.na-
turabto the Vine, fo as to produce our beft Sorts of Grapes in open
Vineyards, we muft therefore plant them againft our beft afpected Walls,
that their Juices may be ripen’d in as good Perfeétion as the Seafon is
_able to produce.
THE moft natural Soils for Vines, are rich, dry, light, fandy, rocky,
or chalky Lands, inclinable to a Gravel : For as they don’t imbibe and
perfpire fo much as Apples, Pears, °c. which delight in moift ftift
Lands, therefore lefs Moifture bears a nearer Proportion to their Nature ;
for there’s nothing deftroys Vines fooner than an over-and-above Quan-
tity of Moifture,
FOR tho’ the Vine bleeds moft freely in its bleeding Seaton, and
produces many long fucculent Branches, and great Plenty of very juicy
Fruits ; yet from the third Experiment of Mr. Hales’s Vegetable Staticks,
p- 17. it is plain, that the Vine is not a great Perfpixer, and therefore
thrives beft in dry Soils. |
ng Vines, which, when nted exactly
oe
bil cca *
THE beft Seafon for Pruning the Vine, is the End of September ;
for as the Seafon is then warm, the feveral Orifices are immediately
healed, fo that in the following Spring, when the Sap begins ‘to rife, in
the bleeding Seafon, it cannot be diminifh’d thereby, and confequently
every Branch is better able to produce good Fruits, than when prun‘d
in an improper Seafon, and greatly weaken'd by the Lofs of Sap.
: THE clofer or nearer together the Buds of young Shoots are, the
more fruitful ; and therefore we fhould obferve, at the Time of Pruning,
to lay in fuch Branches, whofe Lengths need not be conftrain’d to four
Joints, as is common, but in Proportion to their Length or Thicknefs.
A very ftrong Branch may be laid in at two Feet and a half in Length,
others lefs flronger, two Feet, eighteen Inches, a Foot, oem
THE
eo
POMONA: @,
THE neareft Diftance that the Branches of Vines fhould be laid’ at,
fhould be never lefs than one Foot, for if they have not abundance of
Air to perfpire in, they will not thrive. All thofe Kinds whofe Leaves
are very large, as the Raifin Grape, (Plate XLII, XLIV.) fhould, for
the fame Reafon, be laid ar greater Diftances.
THE fecond, third, fourth, dc. Years Wood of ‘the Vine, being,
after the firft Year, for ever barren of themfelves of producing any more
Fruits ; we muft therefore be always bringing up young Wood from the
Sxtoin’ and other Parts of the Vine, to fucceed the preceding. But
however, altho’ that the Branches of Vines do not of themfelves. pro-
duce Fruits after the firft Year, yet Nature has been fo careful as to
make a Provifion otherwife, which is at their feveral Joints ; from
whence every Year {mall Branches are produced, (called by the French
Courfons) which oftentimes produce good Fruits, as well as young Wood
alfo, when “tis wanted to fucceed that which is pL eae barren, |
being ee at the ee
“eee
BUT we muft 4a fuffer any of thefe Kinds of Shoots to’ grow
_ forward fromthe Wall ; and rhereforeschofe for our Purpofe are fuch as
in their natural Growth, lie flat or parallel thereto.
WHEN we prune off the End of a Vine-Branch, we fhould cut it
off ppp 2 behind the Eye, and aoe two Inches above the fame.
ABOUT the Beginning of May we fhould look over our : Vines
aiid nail-clofe to the Wall all the feveral young Shoots, which are
furnifh’d with Bunches of Fruits which then appear, as Fig. II. Plate X.
that, as their Leaves augment their Magnitudes, and the Heat of the
Summer advances, they may be protected during their Growth, from the
Injuries of Heat and Cold : For thofe Grapes that are fuffer'd to grow
“on Branches about fix, eight, or ten Inches from the Wall, and thereby
fally expofed to the Sun, and drying Winds, have their tender Sap-
Veffels foon dried up, and are therefore never worth a Farthing.
TOWARDS
The Fruit-Garoven Iluftrated.
113
=
*
TOWARDS the End of May, we fhould havé Recourle to out
Fruits, {topping their Branches at the third or fourth Joint beyond the laft
Bunch, and not at thé Joint next above it, as exhibited in Plate XXXIV.
which is commonly practisd by unskilful Gardeners, by their want of
_ Knowing the attractive Power of Leaves, and their Ufe in Perfpiration :
For when the Branches of Vines are thus pruned, how. is it poffible that
the Fruits can be fo ftrongly nourifh’ d, when they are depriv'd of propet
Inftruments, which Nature had provided to furnith them with ; fo that
inftead of helping the Fruits, as they imagine, (like. moft of all their
other Operations) they depauperate, and xendet them, at belt, very
infipid and taftelefs ; nay, they very often perifh, and then fotfooth thé
Coxcombs imagine dat their Fruits are deftroy'd bY a Blight. .
WHEN thefe two Operations are performing, we thould difplace
all forward Branches, and others that appear ufelefs, which, if fufferd
to grow, never fail of injuring the Fruits, and the other. Branches.
*
TOWARDS the latter End of July, the {mall a Grape, or
apeof Zautovit Plate AB mE beans : ae en, at which
time we thant by Dees ee Att Gla Pee WIth (OTe of the Sun,
to ripen their Juices. This Grapé is a great Bearer, and, a very
fweet, and its Skin thin, is generally deftroy’d by Wafps, if Care is not
taken to deftroy them, either by Vials of fugar'd Water, hung up to
drown themfelves in, or rather heir Nefts deftroy’d in the Night with a
Fuzze of Gunpowder, fir'd and ftopp‘d into the Entrances to their Nefts,
which fuffocates them in general, fo that afterwards you may dig down,
and burn them in general : “Tis of a fine Indigo Blue, full of a moft |
delicious Juice : Ripe July 20. South Wall.
‘BUT fince that the other Kinds of Grapes do ‘tot tipen with this
Kind, we muft therefore let fome of them remain longet before we
expofe them to the Sun, that they may continue es with us, inftead
of =e in general ripe together.
THE other Kinds of Grapes worth our Notice, are the White
Saect Water, (Plate L.) which is a fine large, white Grape ; its Skin
is er thin, and therefore fubject to Wafps : “Tis an excellent good
Gg Grape,
»
ws,
fa
EO MY GO508
ee
Grape, wad generally very large, and tranfparefit when ripe, but the
Bunches are very thinly fet therewith : Ripe Augu/t 10. South Wall.”
‘ «
THE White Mufcadine, (Plate XXXV.) is, one of the beft Kind
of Grapes for ripening in England: "Tis a very great Bearer, and, when
_ skilfully order’d, an excellent Fruit ; when ‘tis near ripe, ‘tis tranfparent,
_ and when fir to gather, fomething aed with Amber next the Sun ;
al
—
e
ese,
eee
Ee
Ree Cat
Ripe Auguft 15.
a
a
THERE is another Sort of White Muftadine, which is very thinly
fet on the Bunches, but the Grapes are very large, and moft delicioufly
re when ripe, and therefore called the Royal Mu/fcadine.
TH E Black Saweet Water, (Plate LT. ) fo called from its
Wood, which is of a blackifh Colour, and the Stalks of the Bunches
a blackifh Red, but the Grapes are white, cover'd with a fine white
Flew, and of an oval Form ; ’tis alfo called the Morellian Grape: Be-
fore ‘tis oe the Juice is very cae: and the Skin very tough; but when
we ripe ‘tis Asy fweet, but fomething wae Ripe Auguft 20.
THE Black Currant Grape (Lig. I. Plate XLVI) is a mott
delicious Fruit, fomething oval in its Form: “Tis a very good Bearer,
and produces Fruit which is cover'd with a fine Violet Flew, very clofe
fet in the Bunch: Ripe Auguf ae South-Eaft Wall.
THE Brick Grape (Fig. I. Plate XXXIX. ) fo called fom its
brown red Colour ; ‘tis a tolerable good Bearer, and a very Ps
fweet Fruit: Ripe Augufé 24. South Wall.
THE Parfley Grape, or Canada Grape, (Fig. I. Plate avin )
fo called from the Country from which it came,.and its Leaf being
divided into many Parts, like unto the Parfley Leaf, and is therefore called
the Parfley Grape : The Fruit is white, and in Form and Tafte like the
S48 eee Mufcadine, but feldom fo large : Ripe Auguft 24. South Wall,
ae ee
semana Se
' ‘ripen, the Leaves are very prevotelly ma mixt with Purple, Red Yellow, ¢5’c.
THE Black Mufeadine ‘(Plate XXXVI) called by fome, but im-
— aly, the Red Mufcadine: When the Grapes are beginning to
i: *Tis
The Fru 1T-GaRDEN JMuftrated.
1ty
*Tis an excellent ad Fruit when a ripen'd ; its Colour a fine Indigo,
cover d with a pleafant Violet Flew, and a tolerable good Bearer: Ripe
Spimeee 20, 1727. South Wall. .
THE Clufter Grape (Fig. II. Plate XLII) is a fine delicious Grape,
of a ftrong Indigo Colour, cover'd with a Violet Flew, and very
‘clofe fet in the Bunch, and therefore called the Clufter Grape. This
Grape is called by fome the Black Currant Grape, which ripens full
three Weeks fooner : “Tis a very great Bearet, and ripe ‘ate 20,
1727. South Wall.
N. B. THE Pulp being very fiweet, is often deftroyd by Wafps ;
and the only Method to preferve them, is to put them in Oily Bags
when nearly vipe.
se & | oP
THE White Frontinac (Plate XXXVIL) isa moft delicious, fugar’d,
| musky, juicy Grape when well tipen’d, which does not always happen _
with us ; however we muft not shesore be without them : *Tis a very
great Heres, and ripens, in a kind Seafon, atom the Middle of September.
| very rich hem This, like other on that are i vdeats cael tek,
is a dark Indigo, coverd with a fine Violet Flew.
BESIDES thefe two Kinds of Frontinac’s, there is another, whofe
| Fruits are a yellowifh White, ftrip'd with a Copper Colour, and there-
‘fore called the Grizel Frontinac, which, when ripe, is equally as good
as either of the preceding : Thefe two laft ripen much about the fame
B ime as the preceding, and are very eo Bearers.
THE Mufi at Grape isa little like the White Frontinac, but a {maller
| Grape, and full of a fine delicious musky J Juice 5 ’tis a very good Bearer :
= Ripe a 20. South Wall. oe
THE St. Peter s Grape, is a Go large black Grape, cover with
\ a Violet Flew : Its Pulp is a litte ting’d with red, very firm, witha
‘ “‘moft delicious rich Juice ; ‘tis a great Bearer: Ripe Off. 10. Weft Wall.
| | THE
.
XJ J. is a amok excellent Fruit 5 or
se
116 POMON A: Or, |
_—
SETS RIT
a
the Skin is fomething tough, and a little bitter: The Grapes are tranfe
parent when ripe, and {peck’d with brown next the Sun, which is alfo
tingd with a faint Orange Colour : Ripe September 20. South Wall,
THE Claret Grape, (Fig. Il. Plate XLVI.) isa fmall bute beau
tiful Grape ; its Leaves turn red with the Fruit, and make a very
beautiful Appearance : The Fruit when ripe is a deep Indigo, cover'd
with a fine Violet Flew, the Juice fomething acid and a pleafant Red ;
‘tis a very great Bearer : Ripe September 30.
rece me em
& &.
THE Burgundy Grape, (Fig. 1. Plate XL.) is a black Grape,
‘and very great Bearer ; “tis the only Grape that ripens well in the open
_ Vineyard ; its Leaves have a very great Cottony Down on their under
Parts ; The Grapes are very clofe in the Bunch, and have a fine rich
vinous Juice, but the Skin is a little tough : Ripe in the open Vineyard
September 30.
~ "THE Raifin Grape, (Plate XLIM and XLIV.) is a moft beautiful
é large white Grape, of a fine rich Flavour, and fitm Pulp, when Seafons
are kind enough to ripen it; But even when Seafons are unkind, ‘tis an
excellent Fruit for Baking, and therefore we fhould not be without one
or two of them, which fhould be planted againft the very beft Afpe&
we have.
_ THERE is another Kind of Raifin Grape, which, when ripe, is a
‘pleafant Red, but it very feldom ripens in England.
An
THE Hermitage Grape, is a moft delicious rich fugar’d Grape, but
ete tt peek —
The Fruit-GarpEn TDuftrated. :
1157
cAn Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding Grapes,
exhibuing their Seafons of Ripening.
Ripe.
Baick Grape Aug. 24.
Burcunpy ee Sept. 30.
Craser + 394 Sept. 30.
; CrustrR — —— Sept. 20.
Currant Black. .. . Aug: 24.
Frontinac White —
Frontinac Black — Sept. 20.
Frontinac Grizel —
HERMITAGE ——— Sept. 30.
Jury Grape —-- Fuly 20.
4 Muscapine White Aug. 15;
| Muscapine Black ——. Sept. 20.
Muscapine Royal —— Aug. 25.
\ Ay
St. Perers ——- — Of. 10. ”
Sweet Water White — Aug. v0.
Sweet Water Black — Aug. 20.
Rarsin White,when it ripens O€. 30.
N. B. 4 FULL Sout Afpett is the beft for all Kinds of Grapes.
Hh : | CH A Pp.
a ee eee es ee es ee a ee
- es, . a, -
~ if rs
a ae ee ee ee
re =
118
POMON A: Or,
CHAP. Xx.
Peri G-T ke E'S.
fees |HE feveral Kinds of Figs that are worth our cultivating in
pS | England, are the White, the Blue, and the Black.
FIGS in general produce double Crops every Year in their native
Soils and Climates ; but in England we have no other Kind but the
Short White Fig, chat produces andripens two Crops every Year : The firft
Crop, (fig. I. Plate LH.) is ripe about Fuly 10. and the fecond Crop,
Fig. I. (which is ahwass much Iefs than the a about September 10.
THE Long Blue Fig: (Fig. If. Plate LU. ) isthe next, which ripens
about the Beginning: of Auguft, and at- the fame Time the Tawney Fig,
(Fig. III.) is alfo ripe :- They are both. very: good Fruits, but nothing
: eomapeble to the Black Fig, (Fig. 1.) which is a3 Auguft 26.
THE firft Crop of Figs are always produced on the laft Year’s
Wood, and are form’d at the fame Time when the Shoots are.
IN March they are vifible, as a.4a, Ge. Fig. U1. Plate LIV ; but in
April they are grown much larger, as A A, Big. I. Plate X. being entirely
deliver’d from ‘Gee Womb: within, the Bark, and perfect in their Forms.
And we may here again behold how. carefully Nature attracts Nourifh-
ment to the young Fruit, by timely expanding the Leaves beyond them,
which vigoroufly draw up ae whilft all the Buds below are
32 naked thereot.
WHAT
he
Spe Ie BS ales OM PES Se
ee iid wre dimnivickaicp “ pee ff
The Fruit-Garven Juftrated.
Ir9
WHAT we call the fecond Crop of Figs, is aétually the very firlt
that are produced by the Shoot they grow on; and thofe which we call
the firft Crop, are laft produced.
THIS at firft may appear to be a Paradox, but “tis a€tually Mattet
of Fact, becaufe thofe Figs which ripen in September, are always pro-
duced on the fame Year's Wood, and neareft to the laft Year’s Shoots :
And as they are produced early in the Spring, when the Shoot is firft
form’d, they are therefore at theic Maturity much fooner than thofe
which ate produc’d in the extreme Parts of the Shoots, when their
Growths are nearly at an End, and fearcely vifible to the naked
Eye.
THESE firft ptoduced Figs, of the white Kitid, do frequently
tipen with us, even in the open Air from either Walls or Pails ; but
the other Kinds very rarely do: Thefe laft produced Fruits at the Ends
of the Shoots, if not kill’d by the fucceeding Winter, make the firft Advance
in the next Spring, and ripen very early ; during which Time Nature
is at wWork;—producic g-new-Shoors for new Produétions; and fo on during
the Life of the Tree. OO ary eye |
: atta : - { Piss (ise Me
{T has been a Cuftom among Gardeners, to keep Fig-T rees fiail’d
clofe to the Wall, as other Fruit-Trees ; but it appears, by many Ex-
periments made, that ‘tis entirely wrong, for Experience has prov'd, that
thofe which are fuffer’d to grow about two Feet from the Wall, are not
only the beft Fruits, but are produc’d in much greater Abundance.
~ THE beft Method of Ordeting the Fig-Tree, isto nip off their leading
Buds of the Branches, about the Middle of Fune, which will acce-
lerate the Ripening of thofe Fruits which are commonly called the fecond
Crop, and caufe great Plenty of young Wood to fhoot out all over the
‘Trees, whereby the Whole becomes fruitful, becaufe the Fruits are
always produced, as aforefaid, from the laft Year's Shoots. But. whert
Fig-Trees are nail’d in at full Lengths, after the old and common Mes
thod, their Fruits are always produced at’ the extreme Parts of the Trees,.
and all their middle Parts are full of large barren ‘Wood only:
CH A P:
120
POMONA: OQ,
C ‘Hb iP. Se XE
O STRAWBERRIES
THE Scarlet Strawberry (Fig. 1. Plate LV.) is encreafed by its
own Runners, planted at fixteen or eighteen Inches apart, in Rows about
twenty Inches or two Feet apart, and being always kept to fingle Roots,
will produce their Fruits very early. Some plant them nearer together,
as about one Foot Square, in Beds chree Feet wide, with Allies of eighteen
Inches between, and fuffer them to run among one another ; but they do
not ripen their Fruits fo early, nor are they near fo large : however, it
is neceflary that we fhould have fome after this Manner to fucceed the
others chat are firft ripe from the fingle Roots : Ripe May 10, 1727.
THE Hauthoy Strawberry (Fig. Il.) is a moft delicious as well as
large and beautiful Fruit ; ’tis a great Bearer, and delights in a very rich
holding Soil : It produces che beft Fruit when planted and kept at the
fame Diftances as the fingle Roots of the Scar/et, and is encreafed by
its own Runners as the other aforefaid : Ripe Fune 1.
THE Wood Strawberry (Zig. II.) is another good Fruit, and a very.
great Bearer, when planted in a frefh and rich Land, and: kept well
water'd during their Seafon of Blofloming and Ripening, as indeed
fhould both ‘the other Kinds preceding. This Kind is encreafed by
Runners, as the others ; bur ’tis always found that thofe which are taken
out of Woods and tran{planted into Gardens, produce much better and
c= | larger
r
The Fruirr-Garven Iduftrated. 121
a
larger Fruits, than thofe encreafed from Runners taken from old Roots
in the Garden : They are generally planted at eight or nine Inches apart,
and let run among one another ; but when they are kept to fingle Roots,
Ee they are much larger, fooner ripe, and better tafted,
EVERY fourth Year we fhould make new Plantations; for in that
Time their Strength and Vigour is exhaufted.
BOTH Scarlet and Wood Strawberries may be raifed very carly, if
their Roots of two Years Growth are planted in {mall Pots, and put in
gentle Hot Beds in Fanuary, giving them moderate Waterings, with Water
whofe Crudity is before taken off by gentle warming, and all the Air
that can be, fo as to keep out cold Winds and Frofts.
122 POMON A: QO,
CHAP. XXII.
Of RASBERRIES.
ee oe a) JE have but three Kinds of Rasberries in England, viz. The
@1 White, the Red, and the Purple : The Wood of the White
ie ers ’9} and Red is of a bright Colour, and almoft {mooth; but that
of mm Purple is a dark Brown, and very thick fet with (mall prickly
Excrefcences.
THEY are all propagated by Suckers, = {pontaneoutly a up
in the Summer, and are planted in the Autumn following : They in ge=
neral delight in clean frefh Land, being planted in Rows about eighteen
Inches apart, and each Row four Feet afunder. Some Gardeners, for
want of knowing the Nature of the Fruit, let them sun yery thick together
in the Rows, wed is never fo well as when they are kept to fingle
Roots. 3
WHEN we prune the Roots of Rasberries at the Time of
Planting, we fhould carefully preferve their young Buds, which fhoot
out exactly even with the Surface of the Ground, for it is from thofe
Buds that the next Branches are produc’d, and when they are broken
off before planting, they never live longer than the firft Summer after
planting : For as foon as the Branches of all the feveral Kinds have
= ay their Fruits, they immediately perifh.
BUT that we may not by thefe annual Decays, be holly defticute
of Wood for further Supplies, Nature does therefore produce young vi-
gorous Shoots, whilft thofe of the laft Year are bringing their Fruits to
Maturity ;
%
The FrurT-Garven Jduftrated.
129
Maturity ; which Shoots fhould, in the End of Auguft following, be
pruned, or cut off, about one Foot from their extreme Parts.
N.B. THE dead Wood is eafieft broken out in Frofty Weather.
I NEED not give my felf the Trouble of informing the Gardener
that he fhould dig among his Rasberries very early in the Winter, any
more than to keep them perfectly clean in the Summer from Weeds,
Suckers, °c. fince every one who takes Pleafure in his Bufinefs can beft
fee when thofe Works are moft proper to be done.
THE Scarlet Rasberry (Fig. V. Plate LVI.) is the moft common,
and firft ripe Fume 1, 17273 ‘tis a very fragrant pleafant Fruit, and a
great Bearer. The White Rasberry mix'd with the Red, makes a beau-
tiful Appearance at the Table, and therefore we muft not fail of having
fome of them for that Purpofe, notwithftanding that they are notin fuch
great Efteemn as the Scardct.
THE Purple Rasberry hath a pleafant Acidity in its Tafte, and is
_fomething later in Ripening than either of the other two, for which
— ¢ ‘ : ae 2 s ae .
8
CH AP.
¥24.
POMON A: Or,
Berrys which: are-in- general produc’d by Sli
CHAP. XXII
Of Goofeberries and Currants, or Corinths, fa called
from Corinthia whence they firft came.
ee OE, have fever! Kinds of Goofeberries in - England which: are
rv ve very good, but the moft valuable are the Old Red, (Fig. I.
a 5 zs ‘ 5 Plate LVI.) the firft ripe, and almoft loft in England ;
the Champaine, Fig. Ml. the White Dutch, Fig. Wl. the Amber Goofe-
berry, Fig. 1V. the Walnut Goofeberry, the Rumbulion and the Damfon
Slips or Suckers taken from the
Roots of old Trees, and planted at three Feet apart in Rows, and
four Feet afunder. The beft Method of Ordering Goofeberries, is to
keep them open in the Middle, like Dwarf Fruit-Trees, with the ex-
treme Parts of their Shoots clipp’d every Year, and the old Wood con-
ftantly cutaway, as young comes up to fucceed.
THE Red and White Dutch Currants, ate propagated as
Goofeberries, and fhould be order’d in the fame Manner, to have
_ good Fruits: But I think chat if we were to plant fome few of the
White Dutch againft a South, or South-Eaft Wall, they would be much
improved thereby. And when we defire to have either Red or White
very late in the Seafon, we fhould plant fome Part of our North-Walls
with them ; which, being kept thin in Wood, will produce very beau-
tiful i eye Bunches of pleafant Fruits,
CHAP.
The Froit-Garven JDnftrated.
126
CHAP. XXIV.
Of the Blak MULBERR Y:
3 e. 2 the Fruits ; I fhall therefore filently sais over all the other
Kinds, fince they are more fuitable to the Taftes of fome Botanifts, who
delight in Varieties of many ufelefs and unprofitable Plants, than to curious
Propagaters of advantageous Fruits,
is by cae Pa hich fhoul db ‘Taid doen 3 in Olfober ac. a eighteen
Inches apart, that a free Air may be continually circulating about them;
and there remain upon the Stools full two Years after, before they are
taken away, that thereby they may be well rooted, when we come to
take them up for tran{planting into the Nurfery.
THE Diftances that they are planted at in the Nurfery, fhould not
be nearer than two Feet and a half, or three Feet, and not nine Inches
or a Foot as is ufually done, whereby they have not half enough Air to
perfpire in, and confequently are greatly injur‘d thereby.
THE Leaves of the Mulberry being very large and heavy, caufe
their leading Shoots to bow downwards, and thereby grow crooked :
Therefore to prevent fuch deform’d Growths, we fhould place ftraic
Stakes, or Arbour Poles, by the Side of every Plant, and thereto tie
their leading Shoots as they arife.
Kk WE
126
POMON A: @,
eneeateemteeaent
WE fhould alfo difplace all the lateral Buds as they appear, that the”
whole Nourifhment may be fully employ’d in the Suipport of the Stems
only.
WHEN our Plants are rifen to five or fix Feet high, we muft prune
off: their leading Shoots; to caufe their upper lateral Buds to break out
into divers Branches, with which their Heads are form/d.
THERE is a Kind of ‘Black Mulberry, which produces great Quan-
tities of Katkins in May, (as Fig. VII. Plate LVIII, LIX.) and very
few Fruits ; which, when difcover'd, fhould be either budded or grafted
with the true bearing Kind,
IF we obferve how thefe Fruits are produc’d, we may fee what a
wonderful Provifion Nature has made for their Support and Proteétion,
by placing of Leaves immediately over the Fruits, which do not only
attract and imbibe Nourifhment from Dews, Rains, dc. and perfpire
away the Crudities thereof, but proteét them during their Growth from
the Injuries OF Heat-and Cold:
THOSE Fruits which are produced this Year, were form’d in the
Buds in the laft Year ; for if in the Depth of Winter we flit the Bud
of a Mulberry from its Apex down its Axis to the Bafe, we may with
the naked Eye difcover the young Fruit in its Matrix, carefully wrapt
up in its tender Leaves, which, with great Force, expand themfelves with
the Fruits when they firft appear in May, as Fig. IV. Plate LIX.
* — CHAP.
The Fru IT-GarvDEN Ibuftrated.
127
CHAP. XXV.
Of PutteertTs, Waunuts; and BARBERRIES.
Oa] both propagated by Suckers or Layers, and make very hand-
fome Hedges in our Kitchen and Fruit-Gardens.
THERE is allo '@ latgy Sort, called the Cob-Nut, (Fig. Il:
Plate Eevik ) uch im eee — ndfome Standard- Trees The Nut
is much larger than either of the Philberts, very fweer, and a good
Bearer. ee
Bion
THE Hazel Nut, (Fig. II) isa pleafant Fruit when well ripen’d;
and tho’ it is not worth our while to make Plantations thereof in our
Fruit-Gardens, yet in the Quarters of our Wildernefs they are very
beautiful and advantageous.
WALNUTS axe very profitable in their Nuts, as well as their
Timber, when largely grown. We have a very great Variety of Kinds:
There is one very large Sort, (Fig. Il, V. Plate LVIII, LIX.) called the
French Walnut, beft for Pickling, becaufe when Seafons are very wet
and cold, ‘tis very feldom they ripen with us.
THE Enghfb Walnuts differ very much in their Qualities, fome
being very fmall, (as Fig. XI.) and thin fhell’d ; others of the fame
Magnitude and very thick fhell'd : Then there's other Kinds of the
Magnitude
a
} which laft is the moft efteem’d by the Curious : They are
128
R O-.MeO N) As: Or;
Magnitude of Fig. IX, X. fome of which are good, and others worth
nothing. And as they are all rais’d from Nuts, which, like many
other Seeds, often degenerate from the Mother-Tree, we cannot be
certain of our Kinds, unlefs we are fo Curious as to Bud our Trees,
when largely grown, with Kinds that we know are good.
BARBERRIES are propagated by Suckers or Layers : There
are two Kinds, the one with Stones, the other without Stones, but the
Form of their Leaves and Fruits ate alike, as reprefented in Fig. VI.
Plate LXXI. That Sort without Stones is the moft valuable for
Ule : It makes a very handfome Hedge in the Fruit or Kitchen-Garden;
and very good Fence againft Cattle, gc.
CHAP.
129
CHAP. XXVi.
AR-TREES differ very much in their Time and Manner
st of producing Fruits : Some Kinds produce their Fruits on the
Mo@r extreme Part of the fame Years Wood, as Mr. Hil/s’s double
bearing Pear of Zedington, (Fig. VV. Plate LXUL) ; others at the Ex-
tremity of the Branches alfo, but upon the laft Year's Wood ; and
laity, others upon Branches of three Years old, and fometimes vai
‘ ing € more or bel Deus trancy oF the Tree : But for the Ge-
of three Years Growth, which, if skilfally oat continue fertile many
Years afterwards. Now fince that the annual Shoots of fuch Kinds of
Pears are in the fecond Year preparing | themfelves to produce Fruits in the
third Year ; therefore all fuch Kinds fhould be well furnifh’d with thofe
feveral Sorts of Wood, that, by having a fufficient Quantity thereof,
we may be always furnifh’d with fruitful Branches to fiicceed thofe
that become barren by Time.
THIS is exhibited in Plate LX. where Fig. I. is a true Reprefen-
tation of the laft Year’s Shoot of the Virgoulee Pear, with its Courfons,
or Spurs, PMON, from whence the Fruits are produc’d in the third
Year. ST V are Leaf-Buds, which are placed’ to attract Nourifhment
to the Courfons, and perfpite away the Crudities thereof.
“THOSE Courfons PMON muft be thotrch'a at the next Seafon
of Pruning after they are produc’d, (as EF G, Fig: HL) which wall, in
the fecond oy caufe them to produce many Buds, as bc fb, that in
i L4 one
nerali mo of our beft Ki ‘inds of Pe: € firlt prodiicec upon Branches ©
130
POMONA: Or,
one Year after, are very much dilated, and prepared for producing
Blofloms in the third Year : And being arrived unto this fruitful State,
(as Fag. Ill.) they. immediately expand themfelves into Blofloms and
Leaves, (as fag.1, If, Il, 1V, V. Plate Il, Ill.)
AND again, after the third Year, when their Courfons or Spurs ate
become fruitfil, Nature does every Year produce new Buds to fucceed
thofe which are bearing Fruits : For whilft the Pear was coming to its
Maturity at X, Fig. III. the Buds / / were preparing themfelves to produce
Blofloms in the following Spring, and at the fame Time Nature pro-
duced the Bud P to fucceed thofe at 77; and fo on during the Life of
the Tree.
IT very often happens that. the. Branches: of Pear-T'rees produce
~ Juxuriane Shoots, which being prun‘d in June within an Inch and half
and Efpaliers; but our Winter Fruits fhould have the very beft Walls and |
Alps ween afford them,
.of the Branch from whence it {prung,. will in the Autumn produce an
Autumn Shoot, with fome' Buds difpofed for Fruit alfo... Thus K, fag Hl.
which {hooting . with great Luxuriancy, was. prun’d at K in Fune, and
afterwards produced the ;Autumn Shoot M_L,. with the two bearing
Buds # 4-alfo...But atthe following. pruni ng Seafon thofe Autumn Shoots
muft be cotinely difplaced.
WHEN tthe Lusi, *: one is fo very great as not to he
check’d with Pruning, , we mult, cither difplace one or more of their
Roots; (and particularly thofe that grow downright, if any be) or
disbark in part the lower, Parts of fuch luxuriant, Branches, which will
prevent the Sap from . ‘ifing, in too great a Quantity ; 3 cae tis the too
great Quantity of Nourifhment that is the Caufe of Luxuriancy.
WHEN we prune the Branches of Summer Pears, we fhould obferve
the Nature of their Buds; for (as it has been before faid) many Kinds
produce their Fruits. at she Extremity of their laft Year's. Shoots, which
mutt be always nail’d in’at full Length, or otherwife perhaps the Trees
may not sees: one fingle Pearyin » twenty Years Aine
“ALL, Summer and Autumn Pears will tipen. very well upon Dwarfs
THE
a ee psi ea ee ee
:
ii
an eee aenn nee ep ra Me I Ee ce ee ee en ee on eee a) ae yee
Foe pee eS pectic Tee AY SES ik a i's = ee ate
Bee Ld . * ne: ae
The Frurr-GarpeEn IMuftrated.
Igt
THE feveral Kinds of Pears exhibited in Plates LXI to LXXII inclufive,
> e
are in general of
the Table:
the very beft Kinds, as well for Stewing, Baking, dc. as for
And as I have here truly reprefented the exact Forms and Mag-
nitudes of their Leaves and Fruits in their natural Colours, and as their Seafons
of Ripening and Keeping are exhibited in the following Table; there needs no
more to be faid of their {everal Defcriptions:
feverally, as they are delineated in the following Plates.
I therefore refer you to them
‘An Alphabetical TABLE of the bef Kinds of Pears in
| England, exhibiting their
and uration.
Ambret + Fig. IV.
St. Andrew = III.
Buree de Roy! “Til.
Buree Brown YI.
Buree Winter iL.
Bergamot Winter 1.
Bergamot Common 1.
Bergamot Bugy Y.
Ditto Swifs _ VIIl.
Ditto Hamdens wh 718
Bon-cretien Sum. I:
Ditto Autumn : VI :
Ditto, Golden - I.
Ditto Winter - Il.
When to be
gather'd. -
Sept.
Sept. 20,
Bordine Musk: - 1. Sune 30,
— Blanquet Petit I Aug. 5,
Sept.
Aug. :
Sept.
Sept. 2
Aug. °
Aug.
; Aug. |
Sept.
Sept.
20,
Sept. saaere:
pupae re oats
20,
Sept. 10,
20,
30,
Ditto Spanifh’ - Als _ Sept,.3
Catherine Royal V. uly 25,|Soonakt gathr
Catherine Queen V. ‘uly 30,1Soon aft gathr.
~
Eatable.
Dec. & Fan
Fune 30,
When gather’d
When gather'd
February.
after gathr.
Oéf. Yo,
When gather'd
A Day or *¢
after gathr.
,|Soon aft’ gathr.
-|To the End of Feb.
November
Fanuary
—
Soon aft’ gathr.
| April
Duration.
February © —
But a {mall Duration
But a {mall Duration
Seafous of Gathering, Ripening,
N°? of Plate
where each
is exhibited.
LXVI.
LXXII.
LXI.
LXI.
To the End:of Odo.
To the End of Ofob.
—-—
‘
About» one ; Month
after gathering _ -
——
: LXVI.
LXIV.
BXUY..
Lae
LXVIU.
LXY.
LXVI.
Two or three Weeks
Two or three Weeks
Three Weeks ora Mon.
About fix Weeks
To the End of March
i enemnneeienenmetinanedl
Bar -a fmall Duration
LXIl.
LXV.
LXV.
| LXIV.
LXVIU.
LXVIIL
LXVIIL.
LXI.
But a fmall. Duration
LXI.
Crafan
POMONA: Or,*
132
When to be
gather'd. Eatable.
Crafan - Fig. lV. Sept. 20, |Middle of Of.
Chafletie - I. Sept. 20,| November —
Colmar - III. Sept. 30,|December —
A Dayor 2
Cuifle Madam - III. uly 10, ° 6 nae
Double Bloflom II. Sept. 30,|December -
Doyenne - VII. Sept. 30,) November -
Epine d'Hyver VI. Sept. 20, | December -
Green Chizel - II. uly 20,|When gather'd
St. Germain - II. Sept. 20,| November —
Mr.Hil'siftCrop Il. Aug. 24, |When gatherd
Second - IY. Sept. 30,|When gatherd
Jargonel = - IV. uly 10,|When gather’d
Lombard Pear - I. ‘Fuly 25,| When gather'd
Lanfac - VV. Sept. 30,| November -
Martin Sec. = 1.” Sept. 30, December -—
Meffire John - I. Sept. 30, |Soon aft’gathr.
Marquifs - IV. Sept. 30,| November -
St. Michael - III. Aug. 8 aM ay ;
| , tis ripe = )
Roflelet Petit - Il. Aug. 24,|When gather'd
Ruffelet Grofs - IV. Aug. 24, |When gather'd
Royal d'Hyver IV. Sept. 30,|\December —
Rofe dEtre - VI. Fuly 17,|When gather'd
Sugart Vert - I. Sept. 5,|When gather'd
Swans Ege - IV. Sept. 20, |Soon aft’ gathr.
Salviati —s - . Sept. 20, |Ditto . -
Sattin Pear = VI. Sept. 30,|Ditto -
Vermillion 2° Bo Faby Wi Dittes«
Virgoule - If. Sept. 20,| Nov. Dec. =
ert Longue -
Ma = — Pht. 78 Soon af gees
Windfor - IL Fuly 10, ae mal
3 | 3 gather'd
Duration. *
after being eatable
Until January ——
Three Weeks |
Until Apri]
Fanuary
Fanuary
But very fhort
Fanuary
But very fhort
About a Fortnight —
About a Fortnight —
About a Fortnight —
——t ee
re
|fanuary, February
February, March —
About one Month
Fanuary
Two mays at moft
About ten Days
About three Weeks
January, February
About three Weeks
Three Weeks or a Mon.
15 of 20 Days: ——=
November, December
|About a Fortnight — —
End of Jentee) = ———
[PhreeW WwW eeks ora Mon.|
About ~— Weeks
Until the End of ‘an.
N° of Plate
where each
Lis exhibited.
»
8 one a |
LXV.
LXX.
LXVII.
LX].
LEX;
| LX.
LXVII:
LXII.
LXVI.
LXIUl.
LXUI. .
LXI. -
LXIV.
LXVII.
LXXIL.
LXIY.
LXVIUIE
LXXIL
LXIV.
EXVE
LXVIi.
LXE
_LXIIl. ~
LXIV.
-LXIV,-
LXVI.
TA
—| LXVII-
XI
Ext”
“Tre.
The Fruit-Garven IJhuftrated.
133
The beft Pears for Baking, Stewing, &c. are,
The Black Pear of Worcefter, Fig. M1. Plate LXXI.
Cadilac, Fig. VV. Plate LXX1.
— Donvile, Ronvile, Fig. WW, VI. Plate LXX.
Peis Bconli Fig. Ill. Plate LAxi
Pe bng’i Warden, and Pound Pear, Plate LXXI.
Englifo Warden, Plate LXXM. and St.Francis, Fig.V. Plate LXX.
QUINC ES are beft when grafted upon their own Stocks.
THE beftKind is the Portugal Pear Quince, (Fig. 1. Plate LXXUM)
next to which is the Portugal Apple Quince, (Fig. Il.) and laftly, the
very worft of all is the Englifb Quince, (Fig. M11.)
See oa eles
ae es = 2 aN prea
a ey - where ieee pais Nae ge ye EY Sater oa nani ee ap
Sel a wire ame Syren en nea eae,
oT a . i Nod ES ee apes :
GCHAP. XXVIL
of x PL ES.
Sous PLES are in general produc'd on Wood of two Years growth,
CEA ais) 4 % : ye poe e . .
Si AG and-ftquire as much Air about their Branches to perfpire in,
eigA as any other Kind of Tree 5 therefore if they are but allow'd
fafficient-Aix and their Pofitions nearly horizontal, they require no further
“%
Care. | ee TH E
134
a
POMON A, &.
THE beft Kinds worth our Notice, for the Table and Kitchen, are the
following, viz.
* Apr
* Bost Apps fr’ Han.
Coptine
* CorpENDUE
* Carvite Acoute
* Carvite Red
* Catvite Royal
%* Frencu Pippin
French RENNET
* FENELLET
* FRANCATU
* GorpEen RENNET.
* Goipen Pippin
* Hoxbanp Pippin
* JerusaLEM APPLE
JuNITING
ae | UNE ree
Kirton” “Prt
KircHEN APrPLe
KentisH Pippin
Kentish RENNET
* Maucoan
* Non-parEIL
Pear Russer APPLE
* Pearmain Loans
Pickerine s Pearm.
Pome-Roy
RussEtrine
Russet Golden Pip:
Russer WHEELERS
. | STONE Pippin
potash Pippin
Listninc,or Jucy Ap,
.| Marcaretr Apprie
* Monstrous REN,
Fig Plate.
Vie EXEXEX.
Ill. LXXIX.
V. LXXIV.
I. LXXIV.
IIT. LXXVIIL.
Ve. LRXY.
IV. LXXIX.
V... LXXSVE.
IH: RAVE,
VII. LXXVII.
I]. LXXIX.
¥. LAA:
TV. LXXVII.
VL XX VIO.
TV. LXXVII
N.B. THOSE Fruits marked thus * are very beautiful when Grafted
_ upon Paradife Stocks, and planted in Pots, Borders, &c.
THE Characters of the feveral Cyder-Fruits of Herefordfhire, and many
other Countries famous for that Liquor, being in general much inferior
to four Kinds fent me from Pynes near Exeter in Devonfhire, by the
Honourable Hugh Stafford, the Stire Apple excepted, which I have not
yet feen ; I fhall therefore omit their Defcriptions, and in lieu thereof give
the following Account of gs Fruits, as I receiv'd it from that worthy
Gentleman.
j ee
Toe ee,
.
vg
*
ps gee
A
a
Curious
Curious ACCOUN T
Of the _moft Valuable
CYDER-FRUITS
O F
DEVONSHIRE.
Se wees || NCE you have feen the Royal Wilding Apple itlelf,
Se: ~ sf (Plate LEXVIL.) which is fo very much chlebiared |
Sel ip ES yi, (and fo very defervedly) in our County, the Hiftory
fe : of its being firft taken Notice of, which is freth in
every Body’s Memory, may not perhaps be unac-
ceptable to you. The fingle and only Tree from
which the Apple was firft propagated, isa very tall, fair, and ftout one,
I believe about twenty Feet high: It flands in a very little Quillet (as.
we call it) of Gardening, adjoining to the Road that leadeth from
Exeter to Oakbampton, (the Poft Way) in the Parifh of St. Thomas, but
neat the Borders of another Parifh called W hitftone : A Walk of a Mile
from Exeter will farnifh any one, who hath tach a Curiofity, with a
Sight of it.
IT
136
POMONA: @,
alain See
IT appears to be properly a Wilding, that is, a Tree rais’d from the
Kernel of fome other Apple, withour having been ever Grafted, and
(what feems well worthy being obfery’d) hath, in all probability, ftood
there much more than feventy Years ; for two antient Perfons of the
neighbouring Parifh of W. hitftone, who died each of them feveral Years
fince, aged upward of the Number of Years now mention’d, declar’d,
That when they were Boys, and firft went the Road, it was not only
growing there at that time, but, what is very well worth Notice, was
then as tall and ftout as it now appears, (and we may reafonably fuppofe
that was when they were each about 12 or 13 Years of Age); nor do
there appear at this time any Marks of Decay upon it, as far as I took
notice. |
Po ad }
IT is a very conftant and plentiful Bearer every other Year, and then
ufually produceth Apples enow to make one of our Hogfheads of
Cyder, which contains 64 Wine Gallons ; and this was one Occafion
of its being firft taken Notice of, and yields an Hiftory which I believe
no other Tree ever did: For the little Cot Houfe to which it belongs,
ogether. with the little Quillet (as aforefaid) in which it flands, being
feveral Years J ounds, the Fruit of this Tree
fince” mortwaged” For cen
alone, in a Courfe of fome Years, freed the Houfe and Garden, and its
more valuable Self, from that Burden which is wont to involve all other
Eftates in one common Ruin.
Y
. Mr. FRANCIS OLIVER: (a Gentleman. of the Neighbourhood, and,
if I miftake not, the Gentleman who had the Mortgage juft now men-
tion d). was one of. the firft Perfons about Exeter that affected the Rough
Cyder, and for that Reafon purchafed the Fruit of this Tree every bearing
_ Year: However, [ cannot learn that he ever made it Separate and apart,
but méx’d it with other Apples, which notwithftanding added an /q-
vantage to his Cyder, with all thofe who had any true Relith for that
Liquor. £
_ WHETHER it was this or any other Motive, I cannot particularly
fay, that brought on the more happy Experiment on, this Apple, But
the. Reverend Mr. Robert Woolcomle, (ReGor of Whitftone, the Parifh
before mention’d) who ufed to amufe himfelf with a Nurfery, put on
EI 3 7 \ fome
” Wines . =
an 4 Sa eee ee
The Frurt-Garven Jduftrated.
BS
fome Heads of this Wilding ; and a few Years after being out in his
Nurfery, about March, a Perfon came there to him on fome Bufinefs,
and finding fomething roll under his Foot, took it up, and it proved an
Apple of this precious Fruit, which Mr. Wookombe receiving from him,
finding it perfectly found, after it had lain in the long Grafs and Stroyle
of the Nurfery, thro’ all the Rain, Froft, and Snow of the foregoing
Winter, thought it muft be a Fruit of more than common Yalue :
And having tafted it, and found the Juices, nor only in a moft perfect
Soundnefs and Quicknefs, bur fuch hikewife as feem’d to promife both
the Body, Roughnefs, and Flavour that wife Cyder-Drinkers in Devon
now begin to defire ; he obferyed the Graft from which it had fallen,
and fearching about found fome more of the Apples, and all of the
fame Soundnefs ; upon which, without any Hefitation, he refolv'd to
graft fome Numbers of them ; which he accordingly did, but waited
with Impatience for the Experiment, which you know muft be the
Courfe of fome Years: They came at length, and, if I miftake not,
his firft Reward was a {mall Barrel of the Juice ; but his much greater
was the Excellency of it, which far exceeded all his Expectations.
Mt WOOLCOMBE was nor a little pleafed with it, and talked
oe . 2. eS ee I v coca :
n_all Converfations 5 it created _4mu/zment at fult, but when Time
: Fe Ba a od i ok SECIS e et a tao ge mgd sts ths SOT EE kL is
produced an Hogthead of it, from Raillery it came to Serioufnefi, and
every one from Laughter fell to Admivation. In the mean time he had
thought of a Name for his Britifh Wine, and as it appear'd to be in the
original Tree a Fruit not Grafted, he setained the Name of Wilding ;
and, as he thought it {uperior to all others, fo he gave a Title of Sove-
raignty to it ; and , hence the triumphant Royal Wilding, Fig. I. :
P late LXXVII.
THIS, if I rightly remember, was about 16 Years fince : The Gen-
clemen of our County are now bufy almoft every where in promoting
it, and fome of the afer Farmers and Juftment-Holders : but we have
not yet (for Time you know muft do that) enough for sale : I =
known five Guineas refuled for one of our Hogfheads of it, tho the
common Cyder goeth for Twenty Shillings, and the South- Ham from
Twenty-five to Thirty. - es
&
we SO! 7 MOST
POMON A: QO,
I MUST add, that Mr. Woolcombe hath referved fome of them for
Hoard ; I have tafted the Tarts of them, and they come nearer to the
Quince than any other Tart I ever eat of.
WHERE-EVER it hath been tried as yet, the Juices are perfectly
Zood, (but better in fome Soils than others) and when the Gentlemen of
South-Hams will condefcend to give them a Place in their Orchards,
they will undoubtedly exceed us in this Liquor, becaufe we mutt yield
to them in the Apple~Soil : But it is happy for us that at prefent they
are fo wrapt up in their own Sufficiency, that they do not entertain any
Thoughts of fetching Apples from us ; and when they fhall, it muft be
another twenty Years before they can do any thing to Purpofe, tho’
fome of their more thinking Gentlemen I am told begin to get fome of —
them tranfported thither, (by Night you may fuppofe, partly for Shame,
and partly for Fear of being mobbed by their Neighbours) and will, Iam
well: “ited, much ene in the Produétion. —
ab. aM peronally peguaines with Mr. Woolcombe, and i I may be
; ry, (as iris here re=
lated) I can promife you I face the Subftance from his own Mouth, and
am fo perfectly poflefled with a Perfuafion of the Excellency of the
Cyder, that I doubt not in the Courfe of twenty Years more, when
‘Gentlemen fhall have furnifh’d themfelves with the Fruit, and the Far-
mets fhall have fallen in with it alfo, this County will be render’d abun-_
dantly happy in it ; and therefore I could really with, that whenever the
_ Original Tree dccutele (if it ever fhall, tho I affure my felf the Fruit
will newer be out of Ue) his Statue (carved out of the,Srump, but by
the fineft Hand, and overlaid with Gold) may be erected near the
publick Road in the Place of it, at the common =e of the oy
of Devon. 3
“WH AT other Fruits there 1 may BEF in Natuve, neither you nor I can
, becaule j you well know. whenever we fow the Kernels of any Apples,
‘we have always V avieties of mew and unknown Apples produced ; but
I will | venture to affirm I never tafted any Cyder equal to it, (not all the
ee ever drank) that of the W bit four (Lig. Il. Plate LXXVII.)
only
The Frurt-Garoven IJuftrated.
139
only excepted, (of which more hereafter) and as yet the Controverfy
betwixt That and the Royal Wilding continues undetermin’d,
THE Colour of the Royal Wilding, without any Affiftance of Ari
in any Kind, is a bright Yellow#/b rather than a Redifh Beerifhb TinGture ;
The other Qualities are a Noble Body, an Excellent Bitter, a Delicate
(excufe the Expreffion) Roughnefs, and a fine Vimous' Flavour : All the
other Qualities you may meet with in fome of the beft of our South-
Flam Cyder, but the laft is peculiar to the Royal Wilding and the
Whitfour only, and you will in vain look for it in any other,
BEFORE I yet leave the Royal Wilding, 1 muft further let you
know, that it is fometimes called (tho’ no lefs injurioufly than unaccurately)
the Red-Hill-Crab, from the Name of that Part of the Highway. neat
which the original Tree ftands, which is called Red-Hill.
THIS Name is injurious, becaufe Crab (as yet) is ufed among us in
a Senfe of Diminution, at \eaft, if not of Reproach ; or was it not fo,
it is plain there is nothing in that Name which fuggefts the fuperlative
8 pias of ac Fruit , BEES the oan of bes Sean catrieth 1 in
~ AND this other Name, as I faid, is alfo wmaccurate, baat I rather
take it for an Apple than a Crab (of which, however, fince you have
them before you, your felf may judge): For I muft further let you
know, that tho’ we frequently take the Word Apple for che whole Kind,
(as we call the whole Kind Horfes, including as well Mares as Hor{es,
more ftritly fpeaking) yet when we fpeak more exattly, we underftand
- the Word Apple in Oppofition and Contradiftion to the Crab, which moft
commonly is a very finall, harfh, yellow Fruit, and ordinarily groweth
in our Hedge-Rows, tho’ they make very large and very lafting Trees; -
however, I have {een one Sort of this very finall harfb Fruit finely ftreak’d
with ved Outfide; and in my Neighbourhood there is one Tree of
another Kind of hee which is red both Infide and out de; and it is
the only one of the Kind I ever faw or heard off
te
140
POMONA: Or,
W HIST I have thus had occafion to mention the Crabs, it may
not be improper to inform you that the Excellence of them for Cyder
was never commonly (if at all) known until within thefe late Years :
They were formerly fuffer’d to fall and be eaten by the Hogs, when they
would eat them, (which was not always, becaufe of their Harfhnefs) or
elfe to rot upon the Ground: But they are now fo well underftood, that
they fell at a much greater Value than the common Apples, and we begin
to propagate them by Grafting in our Orchards, tho’, in my Opinion,
they do much better as an Ingredient in Cyder, when mix’d with other
Fruit, than when pounded by themfelves. The firlt Difcovery of their
Ufefulnefs was the pounding of fome of them for Vinegar, which, when
tafted, proved much better Cyder than any of the common Cyder of our
Country.
HOWEVE R, there is a much fmaller Sort of Crab with us, not
‘larget than the Top of one’s Thumb, (and I think never making a Zree,
but growing only in Bufhes) which we never put in our Cyder, but ufe
them only to make Vinegar. | |
ee an ee -
YOU will not, it may BE chink ic improper if I take Notice to you
in this Place, that Cyder made all of any Sort of Waldings, (that is, as
I firft {aid of Apples propagated from Kernels, and never grafted upon
with any Sort of Fruit, tho’ you may graft them on what Stocks you
pleafe). is ever found to be excellently good, and much preferable to that
made with our common Apples. There is a Gentleman in the Neigh-
bourhood of Exeter, who hath now large Plantations of them, which
furnith him with admirable Liquor ; but the beft of it wants the delicate
and moft diftinguifh'd Flavour of the Royal W ding and Whitfour; nor
did I ever meet it in any Wilding, (nor indeed in any other Apple) ex-
cept in one Sort of Wilding of my own, of which I {hall fay fomething
by-and-by. | 3 2
© LHAVE only to add. concerning the Royal Wilding, that within
ethele twelve or fourteen Years, ¥ believe more than 200,000 of the
_ Grafts have been propagated in TDis and the Neighbouring Counties ;
were fent for from York/bire ; and what would you fay if they fhould
and, if I miftake not, I heard about two Years fince, thar fome of them
be
The Frurt-Garven Jduftrated.
I4t
be tranfplanted to the Rhine, which however is not altogether fo ime
probable as you are apt to imagine ; for a Gentleman who carried fome
of the Whitfour with him into Germany, (and, as I have before faid,
no one can fay which of the two exceeds) aflured me, that when he had
much celebrated the Glories of his Cyder, a German, whofe Expecta-
tions of this extraordinary Liquor were much raifed when he had tafted
it, cried out, He found nothing in it, for it was only like theiv Rhenith.
AND thus much for the Royal Wilding. 1 am now to let you
know as much as I my felf do of its omy Rival the W hitfour, (or
Whitefour, {pell it as you pleafe) of which, however, you will find I
have much lefs to fay, than on the other beloved Subject, becaufe { am
at fome Diftance from that Part of our County which chiefly produceth
it, and becaufe it feemeth to be in a great meafure co-incident with many
of the Things I have before told you of the Royal Wilding.
THIS is a fimall yellow Apple, which falls very foon: There are
tqwo or (as others fay) three Sorts of them, but the beft is what they
call the Pancrafs Whitfour, (tho’ why fo called I cannot tell you) and
_is the ne there were fome of them in my Neighbourhood a great
- mafrye Mears din sour 1 aight haye been dif-
3 it of our County 3 bue they are the Genuine
Produce of that Part of = < Ca called the South-Ham, (bounded by
the Rivers Zemg and Dart) and are not yet common in the other Parts
of our County, tho’ we now begin to promote them as faft as we think
we have got Royal Wildings enow.
AS far as I can learn they have been long in the South-Ham, but
until within thefe eight or ten Years in fo bad Reputation, that the
Cyder of them fold for one balf the Value lefs than the other Cyder, as
a Gentleman of that Country (very well acquainted with the Cyder-
Knowledge of thofe Parts) told me.
THE Qualities of the Juices are ptecifely the fame with thofe of the
Royal Wilding, and fo very near one to. the other, thar, as I have
before often fuggefted, ‘they are perfect Rivals, and created fuch a
Conteft, as is very uncommon, and of which I was an Ear-Witnels.
“A Gentleman of the South-Ham whole Whitfour Cyders, for the Year,
Oo were
14.2
POMONA: O@,
were very celebrated, (for our Cyder Vintages, like thofe of the
Clarets and Ports, are very different in different Years) and had been
drank of by another Gentleman, who was a happy Poffeflor, and un-
contefted Lord, facile Princeps, of the Royal Wilding, met at the Houfe
of the latter Gentleman, a Year or two after the fam’d Royal Wilding
you may be fure was produc’d, as the beft Return for the W bitfour that
had been tafted at the other Gentleman’s : And what was the Conteft >
Each Gentleman did not contend, as is ufual, that his was the Beft
Cyder ; but fuch was the Ziguilibyium of the Juices, and fuch the Ge-
nerofity of their Breafts, (for finer Gentlemen we have not in our County)
that each affirmed his own was the worft ; the Gentleman of the Soutp-
_ Ham declared in Favour of the Royal Wilding, and the Gentleman of
“Buftre. AS Pane a r YY wan
ee Oe a ee ee x
our Parts declared for the Whitfour. In the mean time, the Company
(which was publick and very numerous) could not decide the Contro-
very, becanfe (being Gentlemen of the ftriéteft Juftice) the W hitfour
was not then prefent to /peak for itfelf: But thofe who had tafted each
of them, as far as they could judge from the Reprefentations of their
Memories, remain’d under a perfect Indetermination, —
THE Manner in which the W hitfour came to fhew itfelf in its true
can-leatn—Guecheftand ftrongelt Cyders,
and thofe which have the boldeft Roughne/3, (and for any thing I know
the Cafe is the fame with a// Apple Juices) stow harder the longer they
are permitted to ftand on the Grofs-Lyes, and therefore the fooner they
are taken off from them, the more they are Sofined : we therefore chufe
to rack them from the fowler or thicker Lyes, as foon as we perceive
they are feparated in fome tolerable Manner, which (according to the
fairer or more difturbed Weather) is ordinarily in two, three, or four
Days, and the more foft you would haye your Cyder, the more
frequently you rack it to three or four Times only ; the weaker Cyder
will not bear it above twice, . Sea
BY this Method, as far as I can learn, the Whitfour was firft brought
into Repute ; and I have within thefe ten Days tafted of that Cyder,
(brought from the South-Hams) made this twelve Months, bottled Jaft
Summer, and perfectly fine, which was as faweet and mellow as tho’ it
had come that Morning from the Pound : and under all that Honey, it
had all the Roughnefs and Boldnefs which is the Glory of our Cyder :
= . | only
*
The Fruir-Garven -dduftrated.
143
only wife People would be more fparing in that firft Racking, that they
may thereby deftroy that Lafcivionfnefs which may be acceptable to a
Female or a Londoner, but is ever offenfive to a bold and generous Weft-
Saxon.
WHAT I have now faid of Racking the Whitfour holds good of all
the other better Cyders \ikewife, and is the true Reafon of the Advance
of the South-Ham Cyder into that Reputation which it hath gotten of
late Years: A fhort Account of which will not (it may be) prove un-
acceptable.
THE Claret in which our truly Loyal Gentlemen ever drank the
Church and King, was ftopp’d from Frame by the —~ Revolution :
It was impoffible they could live without Drink, and as impoflible to
have it in a fair Way (any other you know they akways fcorn’d) from
Bourdeaux: They had endured an half Famine, (that of Drink) and as
Magifter Artis Ingeniique Largitor Venter, they applied themfelves to
amprove the Produce of their own Fruit. This of frequent Racking was
the happy and fitcce/sful Thought, -by which they found their rougher
Fruits fo ~_ mended, that I make no doubt, if a free Trade with
ramce.was now ee ‘open “di. the _Import of the Sinaller Clarets would
bE ab mtyfefened, and twenty—¥ ise teesors W ren Royal Wilding
and W hitfour may Saone tay. onda, Bourdeauy: itfelf may
feel the Effects of it.
| WHILST I am {peaking to you of Racking, I muft not omit to fay,
that a Perfon in my Neighbourhood, who had the Whitfour in his Or-
chard many Years, (tho either by mixing it with other Fruits, or for
want of the Zalent of proclaiming it, he never contributed towards
raifing its Reputation) hath told me, That unlefs you watch it carefully,
and take its firt Separation from. the grofler Lyes, (which will be in a
very few Days) it is a difficule Matter ever to get it fine after. And
this perhaps would be no ill Rule to be obfery’d in all the frronger
_ Cyders ; tho’ whether this was his Cafe in a Jingle “Year only, (and
fach Cafes I know are frequently to be met with) or whether he always
found it fo, I do not remember that I enquired of him.
WHAT
144
POMON A: @,
WHAT I have now faid of Racking, (which, properly {peaking, is
drawing it from one c/ofé Cask to another) may perhaps be as qwell, if
not better, practis'd (and I know it to be the Practice of many Gen-
tlemen) by getting a very large open Vat or Kieve, which will contain
a whole Pounding of Cyder, and the Punmice, as we call it, (that is,
the grofér Parts of the Pulp of the Apples, which will, tho’ frain’d
at the Pound thro’ a Range, mix with the Juice) you fhall find in lefs
than a Day to rife at the Top, and in a Day or two more at moft, to
grow very thick ; and as foon as little white Fermentations break thro’ it,
(about the Largenefs of the Yop of your Finger) they prefently draw it
off under at a Foflet-Hole ; if you fuffer it to continue longer, all the
Head, which is then become a thick Cruft, will fink away at the Bottom,
and this ferves inftead of the firft Racking : But by letting your Cyder
continue longer or lefs Time on thefe Lyes in the clofé Casks, you may
harden or foften it at your Pleafure, as you likewife may by frequent
after Rackéngs ; but this is a Method which the weaker Cyders will not
endure, (as is before faid) ome or tayo Rackings at moft is all they can
‘bear, they have not Body and Spirit enough to undergo any more fuch
Expences as that Operation doth unavoidably creare.
THERE is one Thing not yet taken Notice of in thefe Cydets,
which concerns their Age, and the Time of their continuing good. The
moft frequent Commendation you meet with of other Cyders, is, that
they will keep three, four, or (rather than fail) feven Years ; but I muft
own I never yet tafted any Cyder, but what was bef, and in the greatest
Perfection, the firft Year : I have indeed heard of Cyder, (and ‘parti-
cularly fome Crab-Cyder) which is not drinkable the jirft Year, but
mellow -and groweth excellent the fécond or third ; but I never had the
Pleafure of making the Experiment ; however, (unlefs there be fome
fuch s/]-natur'd Cyders as are a Noli me tangere the firit Years) I will
venture to fay the Royal Wilding and W. hitfour will keep good as long as
any other ; tho I mutt repeat it, they are never as good in any of the
following Years as they are the firft, | i
LET
=
Lhe Frvurt-Garpven Muftrated.
145
LET me; to clofe the Account of thele two Liquors, affure you,
that I have heard them authoritatively intitled the Devonfhire Stire ; 1
have feen Bourdeaux and even Burgundy ftand melancholy and negheted
before them ; and I have heard W bite Wine called for to cool nie
Cyders.
AND fo much for Royal Wilding and bier. You defired to be
alfo inform’ d of the Mediate, ot (as our common People pronounce it)
Meadeate. The Apple itfelf hath been fent you, and therefore I fay
nothing of its Size, Figure, °c. only I muft tell you (which I fhould
alfo have faid of the Whitfour) that it is a weryconftant and plentiful
Bearer every other Yeaty and maketh a very handfome (tho’ no exceeding
large) Tree, nor (if I miftake not) is it as liable to ob pet as moft
other Trees aes
THE E Juices of it have all the Body and Roughnep of the two ice
Cyders before fpoken of, and make good Advances to the fame Golden
Colour ; but, alas! want the perfecting and diftinguifbing Flavour of
thofe Unparalle ds: Nor when made by itfelf is ic ever (or' very tarely
es. bat and ait od not hd — Att as I could hever yet be a
Ret-of gore be drunk Wp Fat 282 ACE tafle-forne Cyder
fea toa Genital for "Prelene “heh Was id to be All of ‘this Sort,
and which might vie with the beft Royal Wilding or Whitfour ; but had
I been to talk with ‘the Maker ‘himfelf, Ii imagine I fhould have found
there: was a ‘Mixture of other Fruit with it’: This is fure; chat by Means
of its Noble Body, and excellent Roughnefs; it is a molt waluable Apple,
and becomes an excellent Ingredient i in Cydet,; efpecially difcreetly forted
with Fruit of a brisker and qiicker Nacuré.-.
- ['T: js commonly faid to have its Name from a ‘Meadow Gate, heat
which the original Plant (the happy Parent of this Jaudable Apple) firt
flood; for in the vulgar Dialeé&t of our Country, we call a Meadow
Mend, (I know not how to convey to you the’ tiue Sound of that laft
Spelling) and by the fame Way of {peaking we call a Gate a Yeate, (as
the Lawyers write yeoven fot given) and thefe Words put together in our
common Pronunciation _ will afford en which is eafily pafled
P52 a into
POMONA: O,
into Meadeate, and that as eafily into (what the better Sort ufually
pronounce it) Mideate, tho’ whether it be the Faé or only the Invi-
tation and Facility of the Etymology, that gave occafion to this Account
of it, I cannot take upon me to affirm; only I am more inclin’d to
think che /atter, becaufe I never hear the Farmer, or Effate, or Parifp,
or even the Part of the South-Hams mention’d, (for ‘tis faid to be ori
ginally of that Country) where this Tree, or this Gate, or this Meadow
was, or how long fince it begun to be propagated ; all which we can
point out of the Royal Wilding, as you have before feen.
THE Apple hath been long known ; it is common in the Orchards
of feveral Farmers, (but of more Gentlemen) tho’ until of late there
were but few of thofe Farmers that fet any great Value on them.
THESE are the three Sorts of Apples, in our County, which do-as
yet carry the greateft Reputation for Cyder. You defire of me further,
an Account of fome Wildings of my own, which yielded a Liquor that
was talked of every where, about three Years fince; and in that alfo I
fhall endeavour to gratify you. They were the Produce of fome
Kernels of the Red-ftreak Apples, which, when fit to be tranfplanted, I
‘et round two of the Fields near my Houle, (ince tured into Orchards)
wit r them : nerality of them (whether cramp'd
by the adjoining Hedges or not, I cannot really fay) make but a fall
Tree : the Fruit of them is various, moftly very finall, (as al] Waldings —
ufually are, but the fmaller the Apple in Reafon, the Letter the Cyder,
is a conftant Rule among us) and generally ftreak’d with Red, and
many of them (I mean the Produce: of feveral of the Trees} not very
much wnlike, for from the Kernels of the Jelf-fame Apples, you know
we have always very different Sorts of Fruit. : Rig
BESIDES fome other Differences of lofi Note to be oblery'd in
thefe Waldings ; the Fruit of fome few of the Trees is confiderably
Jarger than that of the Generality of the others, (avhich like smoft
Wildings is (mall) and fome of them are more ftreak’d with Red-than
a
The Fruiut-Garven Jluftrated. 147
I HAD no Opportunity of making a Trial of them by themfelves,
until the memorable Year 1724. and then they afforded me a whole
Pipe of the Liquor ; which, when Racked and Fined, about February,
to my no fmall Pleafure plainly, in the Opinion, and to the Admiration
of every one as well as my felf, ravifh’d the Palm from the Royal
Wilding. \t had every one of the Qualities of that Cydet, and fome
of them to greater and manifeft Degrees of ‘Excellency ; the Flavour of
it in particular was finer and more delicate. A Name was therefore to
be thought of for this young Fondling ; and it was well (as you will
fee prefently) this Care was taken at that Time: A Gentleman conifiilted
on the important Occafion (was well acquainted-with Mr. Woolcombe be-
fore-mention’d) had many Times, to promote Converfation, rallied him
_on the Subject of his new Difcovery of ‘the Royal Wilding, (of which,
however, he was a great Admirer) and was now refolv'd to exceed him
there refted fecure, as Mr. Prior did in ‘his own Pedigree from Adam
and Eve, : BRET OE | ea
Let Bourbon or Naffan go bigher.
NOR are you to be furpriz'd if you think this Title fer it above
the celebrated Neftar which was in thofe upper Regions formerly drank
ae By the Gods themfelves : for befide that, if the Truth was known, 1
am fatisfied none of them ever drank a Drop of fuch Liquor in: their
Lives = You ate to confider thefe were Heathen Gods, and therefore we
did not make the leaft Scruple to affront them. This you may believe
* created a Smile: but afterwatd another Gentleman, in Allufion to the
“Mame of my Houle, (which is Pynes) and to the common Story of the
_“Wep-India Pyne Apple, which is {aid tobe the fine Fruit in che World,
and to reprefent every other fine and exquifite Flavour that is known,
determin’d it fhould be called the Pyne Apple = and by either of thefe
Names
- et
ho PO MO'N Av Or,
Names indifferently it is talked of, (for, alas! it is long fince drank out,
not hath any other bountiful Year as yet yielded fuch a Supply) when
Pleafantry and Converfation bring the Remembrance of it on the Table,
which will ever be done until fome nappy saldn fhall again bring more
of the Liquor it {elf there.
a:
I HAD almoft a to tell you, tas Mr. Wooltombe himfelf was
fummon'd to the Conteft betwixt this upftart Wilding, as he thought ir,
and his own Roya/ one. ‘The Suprize (and even almoft Si/ence) with
which. he. was feized at firft tafting it, was. plainly perceiv'd by. every
one prefent, and occafion’d «no. {mall Diverfion : He did not toundly
pronounce it better chan the. Royal: Wilding, but he fpent a great deal
of his Cyder Knowledge in fhewing the Reafons why i it might well be
expected that the Juices of. chis: Collection of Wildings, fhould be pre-
ferable to, that made from any ingle Wilding, fo great, is the Force of
Truth : Andy this. was. al] that was inf; ifted on (and more, than was ex
petied from him) at that, Time, as well .in.zegard to the Allowances
there ought to be made to the Piety, of being Fond and Tender of one's
own Progeny, as to chis veal Merit in. itil difcover'd and promoted
that other admirable a and ae excellent Apple. .. :
bao? ag a 4 bey aS Eo back
“ia = ee A n nnew | "detra gai ak Tele
iy my own es i = you; < al why I faid it was happy that
the Ceeleftial Title was affigned to it in the Funtture of its being in, the
Cask : for after it was Bottled, and the Advance of the Year had rais’d
it, the Juices appeared: thinuer than thofe_ of the Royal Wilding. It
- partook too much of the Rarefattion of hole Superior Regions from °
- whence it had luckily before gotten its Name : It.continu’d indeed very —
-excellent..and. admirable. Cyder,., but. was. too ‘brisk, or rather, if you.
will, frisking, whilft the Royal Wilding prefervd all its Native Majefty
and Solemnity ; and from that Time was rse-eftablifh’d inthe full and
peaceable: Pofleffion ge the am sean to” the no® {mall -Comfor of Mr.
Woolcombe.
“YOU will your, fae take. wae ~~ he: a eee my” W ‘Lisa
cannot be promoted as the Royal Wilding: hath been, becaule this latter
being bur a fingle Apple, became eafi ily propagated ; whereas to.,.make
this Sees of mine, one Graft from each Tree in the C olleétion muft De
had,
I
i Aa oo P ‘
The ‘Fe tr. Ganpen a
had, and put on : Whether any one of thefe y ingly would make fuch
Cyder, I much queftion, (that it would make very good I do not doubt)
not can I fay whether among them there may be one or more, which,
if tried eparately, might afford a Juice equal (or fuperior) to that of
any other Apple hitherto known : I have not yet examin’d them fo ex-
attly as to find any Reafon for fingling out any of them to make fuch
Experiment, or if Thad, you know it rene be a long Courfe of Years
to difcover the Event...» « “;. » es
I HAVE ee planted out two Orchards with Wild ings fromthe
Kernels (or Pips-as.we call them), of the Royal WAlding, the Trees
* that they’ have not yet afforded me Opportunity for
att Experiment : "The Fraie pa any of them have hitherto fhewn,
feems to lay a good Foundation for Expettation. Wildings of one
Sort or another, will, for the. future, be I believe chiefly cultivated
among us; and would Gentlemen fow the Kernels of the Red- -ftreak
in seein as I did, I fee not why they might not reafonably pro-
mife themfelves the /ike Succels ; and- would they now and then give
themfelves the Trouble to promote any one of their Wildings, that to
wethe Tate feemeth to bid fair Serer p Pee of them for sever a
Il know nolawhat" Diprene somight be iin
who can lays eee may . s
mona, an Offspring that may equal, or even exceed, the Royal Wilding
or Whitfour themfelves, fince the Sorts of mew Apples that are to
be raifed from Kernels, are, as I before fuggefted, plainly Numberle(s.
TO make this Account of - our Cyders as complete as I can, I
muft in the laft Place mention to you another Sort, which hath not
been heard of among us more than fix or feven Years: The Name
of it 1s Cockagee, or Cackagee, (for the Word, as far as I can learn,
is Lrifh, in which I, as well as you, am no Critick): The Fruit is ori-
ginally ftom Ireland, and the Cyder much valued in that Country :
About fixteen or eighteen Years fince (if I am rightly’ informed) it was
firft brought over, and promoted about Minehead in Somerfet/hire.
Some Gentlemen of that County have got enough of it now to make
five, fix, or eight Hogfheads a Year of the Cyder ; and fuch -as have
to {pare from their own Tables, fell, I am, told, from four to eight
Pounds an Hogthead.
Qq Uk GEN-
149
150
POMON A, &c.
- 1 HAVE late
A GENTLEMAN (favourd me fo far as to bring fome of the
Apples from Ireland, but by the time I had an Opportunity of feeing
them, they were fo decay’d, that I cannot defcribe them to you. The
Cyder is of the Colour of Sherry, (or rather of French White Wine)
and every whit as fine and cleat: I have tafted of it from two feveral
Orchards of Somerfét/bire s and the Gentlemen juft now mention’d
brought fome of the Cyder, as well as the Apples, from Ireland :. Ie
hath a more vinous Tafte than any Cyder I ever drank ; and as the Sight
might deceive curious Eye for Wine, fo I believe re T: afte might pals
an incurious Palate for the Same Liquors. It feemeth.alfo to be very
fpirituous, and would I believe, if experimented, foon intoxicate, but
wanting the generous Roughne(s, and even the fine and delicate Flavour,
(notwithftanding its vinous Relifh) as alfo the full Body of our Royal
Wilding and Whitfour ; it is, in my Opinion, (and in that of far the
greater Part of thofe Gentlemen I have ever talked with) by many
Degrees inferior to thofe Cyders of our County, and particularly lelfs
acceptable to the Palate, and \els grateful tr=che Stomach.
have théy-yer Time “enoug ) , | 2, hone ae ah |
make with me. 1 may perhaps shather § Year fet on more of them, but
I aflure you for Curiofity only, and becaufe the Cyder is talked of 5 not
sai ay other Ufe I ever intend to make oF them, I am,
| Pes Sami ue ir moft 5 ana Friend.
aed bumble rua
HUGH STAFFORD.
.
eee
-
-
.
2
Fa
‘
.
,
Rie 4 *
i]
er Se ee ee ee ee
2a&Ra a :
na oe aad
Sain ‘ees Be 3 ps ts
| ’ |
og gee {
_ Me b 3
Tiwi! ise
TAN V4 |
lif ; ING
IN| WN
ft AAA
7:
-
Sioth
x.
raftong
F:
a
Vz lite
+, "See ance Mies chee ee a tlhne
+ ane
.
E
sme)
| AJaoch headed domn ani
L7G
March.26.1727.*
March 26.1927:
FigI.
Summer Berg-amot
March. 1727.
i
yh
— Mefsire John March 96.1729
2 ai ol + ER eed Py Rares hank: yt
B
\ oe ;
f ve 1 b ——~> se P ‘
ia j ji om " ) fe A :
Wy g
,
_ Atbemarle Peach 7 Zloflom March 10.1727,
Old Ni
Cf OldNewingtonPeac .
; - Ling 2) Bloom.
March 10.1727
i LOE
\? % —_—
ta Catherine Peach’
wington Peach wn full Bloffom
Q
Marchi10.1799, l
IL,
€
4
\ ls Buds mvelling Co Bl.
Peach Pe 27
=
."
ine
sa
\ 2
«Cather
May Cherry
NS Second Year
e ‘\S
~ 3° May Cherry » *. y
A
Y
ail onan my setae ed git ee SS Aaa
/ Ss
We
Holmans Duke
\
Ae,
pwattntt a
~ Black Heart
cucis
—*
he fev ackh Erk dow Mature Cy an Early Expanjion of dhe Leif Buds aia, gc, attracts Hlouryhment for the
, B, &e.
Support SF the Blofioms at B
e= ay
OT [It0Fy <a;
‘ 4 ; WP Pe
iif fi DIS sesestrstta ? Midd Lb) mA '
Te i Ty Se; i
= f
of: a B
: Ss ms 3
UOTje Ure Gq
SS - eatilcs TOSS. A apa aaa sai
> ‘“2ooys S ‘ — raed ; pf ,
'o) é revolt 2 ray PY? UO PRDYS UP .t£0 ae :
. Z wmovlog oapur brrwo2 hed poet ruvehk oag
e *
TP. Bon tes Seuty Qh
UR:
yuu CP,
Lede q70n yee Lr tay watorb fyry Satatay) BpTe-10W
| fled Ga
Fe Le a mr
Nee
; . ZG fP We si: : y. } | . , :
> (6 ekr or pidp YP * reava mp fiapuodrg ‘arunty ye#maog WAN, 242 {6 2004/7 rivakary ay th Bt
Ny -—. ; ; . * : @ pe
: , s
\ aN
. e ky ui . ee %
on, Gere (20. 997.
7
O
7
; Scat ud fouct- Jet for -gronth
flay 51727 .
a
r
Non-
Se
PPT rep evi rrTr
ror
3324
—
{
1
uy
2 > DP aeiate JuTpeosnyjy ot
pooridy 2GUkIO
=
AS
x Bursdg ay 2
OC preg
LOZ 'oOr G°AYLE-
“ >
TTT;
4 7
. Hue ada rr
" WoyOuIM ayy plo
highttt
PEA woySusone pro
nT f 10.1727
>
eae Raa
pppttlife
Apps tts.
Ze
Me yp ourw
ne 7
LeU
White Fig é yet. for gronth.
April 22.4728,
White Mulcadine Grape nB loflom
May 1.2728 South wall te
Albemarle Peach wee
<dpril 25 Las
South east mall,
%
20. -Degrees ‘
= Apricot.vec.
March 2 C8. >|
I
erry, 72
1
:
7
,
Uy SS .
X
bilopgore
Flemifh Ch
-
S525
erry, He
l, 10, 1727, Shir
Maes
One
Soa ae e™,
5S oe
na oes
FPO
ag
onto
wane
eeoes
1787. West Will.
26,
ANarth,
7
*
Dae
SS
‘4G GO Phe >.
buniryy fo Putt py ys
| Ne rete heyy ro syoorady otteaQ
: .
pring F s
: oy
‘ : ‘4641 G6 DRY eg fo
IAG OO amreretyy Suit
Saal sive ice yi
a bate
; pri ys
> Asi
Malculine A “biiee:
May hp a gee
# ’ * : Z |
" i, ff)
& iH ,
j HT
Ss
th Hi) |
SS
i Pn
Hi =
hi
aie Mi
Hy Hy)
ih I |
@
7 Tree™
Gg:
LO td CaUCeS
Y dete
tht
4
tee ok
x: walk, 20.De
vicet. -
a pe pesos
Cy Sere tieg
i
ies
oman .
oF a 7 A
Aunds
’ the: ae i
Brulel or es
y Apric ag
ee a
a
Pees
va
SY
Ki
CO72E FO
prello,14.
Ri,
abah tee sce 5
i f
2
.
Sa
vane
ae
saa)
anit
Hue
at
Platexu
Pr a a
7 5
oe
Matt, 10
olmans Duke
=
\
leeding
FE
r
\\
\
\
i
7
\\
\
.
\
al
-
Hi i
hae
iy
if
(
H} W
i ih
‘o
TF Zisg
i ee ae
CEE ie
igo aa
—s—
o4
if
=
—y —
oe ——S
<<
—
SS
<> =
=~
=
SS
—
Ta,
<=
SUE SS
ASS
RASS
SAAS
"
~~
m oh
ZS
—
—=
Ze
Z
—,
——
NR
mu
A SA
AN:
SAN }
AY
LEAS
ide
a, p
Ls
hs
Lo he vibe
erate
ae
ey
VAY,
Z
i
fl
f ig
LL
7 Aid 48
Lg
gg
eae! Oe
ae ag
KZ
So SEPA hil
Coat.
i
Hi
E
Z
all
ne ae
de ae
a ese”
Mee:
a
EAA
LL,
f,
nae
LA
cl
a
id ILA Cea
a
ALE?
£0 OLEIS IED,
3 :
Pees |:
oh: :
pg 24 is
CMALIL TUE ig
Oh by
Pre S
OOO eM
SEE CASTLES
grec
bomen,
ae
Viges
cana
I re
CBA TA
LA Ae,
wodawere
(AA;
2
Fe
tee-
a
if
Nie
aN
sie!
AN
ANS
ANN
*
i
4
4
MEN
iW
the M,
1,
il
Ml
LBA ao eh,
-
-
es
x2
he
ee
AZ
VA
i
i}
My
DPR
Ly Wit
Ua ae
He
*
oo
l
i
os :
mare meet “det
on
aa we
ee
CAPALME A ht pe
PLB
Mt bp
LE ies
CIe
ise
AME! LAME LEME
‘
Ase
77
ff
ea
f
7
ay
oy
Fr
iti,
itt LL
ae
ez
Sy ae
Jad he
Cotisen
eeddbs
SEE!
es
eo
yy
s
%:
Ss
3S
>
SS
an ed
Ol
A
LA
is
y
ZZ
id
es ALI
eh
Ap
o
SURE! Ieee hoe
wieee
AEBS S
we
ae oo ded
or;
tide
Hee
a
tedes,
Me
LLL LAA
tt ALP
Lee GZ.
WHY,
OY het,
Pod
OP
how
ia
a,
ies
LEY
gz
\
of
IL ZA
eee ee whe
LLM EP t
CLIT)
PZ
‘bon CA
ie
Ae,
Oe Sih hy
Y Hot DEE
he, aes,
Ae?
Se tae
ue
og
Se
WS3.
Saad,
teed,
oe
7
ea,
\ 1
(|
seen"
%
oe
ge
AE
eee
eS
SSS Ne
saw eel
SPN
es
= “wee
=k
wr
(age a alee
AP2 oi pe
Fn
se
Sf
APA
ty L/
TE
“aaa 7
7 eee
oF
‘ae
Zs’
a
ee
= a
=
fi
MM
SQA Hines
SN ANS WS et tl
Oy SIAN . \ WSs Hat f i
x SIN INS NS = i ft
wy i | i
CUE
, IITA 7
SoM MEaE me
4 Stlee how
Oe,
ME a
FLL. 4
a OES MADOPEE ED!”
AL? Z reg
Ce LEI IAL A -
E Mvitd Unda ggg
hay
OL,
adee™
SASL
tregies
r,
gett fog. y
” BLIP mts tet ee,
nee ee aaa
~ ‘- BP yh glk gh
; Lege Cig oe
a ee
Fe
oe
AS
Or Za
Pa LS ae.
A,
—
it
a
Wiss:
\\
WN AN
<=SSN ; . TaN ~ ; <a tus
SSy Uy ee:
AN
Seo
LZ
———
LS
—_ : =
eee
rg
~~
eats hy
EN
iN WAS
' via wen
PAN NSN WAAR NR
SND
NANGR
ANS
a
4
‘
‘4
©
nut
iN
NNIRS
ual
AN
rs ~
hee
a
‘
SHR
ws
v
N
N
)
as ha :
=
ae,
= z
Sears >
— anne,
ae ST a ee
PLN prt >
>
no seme
, qumyd
Cn Rae eee
feXTX
‘2p sprig uassag 0p CUBLIYLY
uopuory ag fe V hk
Lrmunsd f0 2ucfert Yh beg gryXY ' qumyd saqeyueey 77 fO pao supafe OU
SMVB/] WUT
aff }
eG
.
ee re
3 fo sucoporl fp
oe mmad G we ! .
peers png g UI 300 dy aSuvio ®
aye Papeqry xg
fire Cy y
-bunmnszo sucfppayg
on 102 qoordy UeUIOYy 2
.
nm . = *
Fay WA Ww \
nN SNS ms WN
rdian.
V
Primo Jean Hative Jw ge
a Jean Hative June 9%
NNN \\\ aw 3 == = AOL
CONT
AAI \\ K\ \\
See oe z
\ AN
~ — —
Moro cco cS Fe \
Guly 74
Ss
EN
==
eae =
= =
Qo N
A~\ Orleans” Sutly LO,
: ne 2 LI Pret
A . wn (4
Losi 20 Deg: &
4 te at te :
Li
SS
*K
S
RSS
SS
7 a
Violet Guly
SE
AY
\\FZangley delins
_— —————
SS
——————SS==
—— we
SS =
WSs
. SS
San
.
eT ee
—
——
(x
A 3
inter omnee y
Iean Hafive ©
May, 4, thes
\ Primordian
My, 4172 27
Chefton Phimb .
e Wa 4
P
es
ZZ
=
tom
a
ute
SSS
_——— 2
i
——— se
— i
SSS
°é
N
\
lL
‘
‘
\
\\\s
WD
\ i
\
SS
SS
\\
\
\ \\\
NY
: ‘s ;
Pe - — * ie A — Rete :.
: . ss
> Fis —— .
= gS rite : ;
~~ ees ts a tm, .
bo oer SS 3s , ae \ eae
S=S> = ss x ay \ ~~ s .
= : x = ~ — mes
“ — = = : ~ ‘i A
— : = : s .
= = = = = :
————————————— : = = = 5 :
tf Ir ~
o ¥
Lew Perdrigon “2 |
a * aah fara €4 CI wale !
=.
SS
or
= S—
— ——= BM ce 4
SSS SV
SSeS SK
Ss SSS =z = cee 1, WN
— : —————— = Lea f
aE UL ea alte yrs rae elie a a a a
* % a ae Se ak ety te z ; ¥ ae
“White Mirabile Gly -20-1727-
4 s . =
White ?a2xxI, PLomps~
Black Damofine../xéy 25.
East wall, ~ |
stiainaeaiatiietiiiaei:
y
4,
Y
YU iG
Y/ DAL)
Wy Yip
My Wy
,
Wy,
Wf
yy Y
ies
Green gage Juely 30.
Lact wall
Fig:TM..
S oe he:
4
i
Seer] ‘
es ; = SS
| “i ile
od
——
i
=
—
—
en
——— =
Se
—— —4
ee
ee
a
<i
————
a
ail
unt
" — ad we | 7
2 SS ey XN
lied? : = is !
‘
t
i at
sh
> Gf
df yy i
il
Yellow
Diapree
Mug? 6. aft wall| |
-” ¥
Bones Se dB
a
SSS SES ee
———_>— i> =———-: —,
= == > ——,
a ——
I = —— ——F
——— *
— Sees Le Se
= >>>
sh
———
——,
——*
i
U
= —_]
in
tT
:
———_— TS
SS" ——FS
—
i i
TT
| il
(di
| i i
| Ht /
Ht “a
Mii
vy
Os,
i i. i \ a y Zo Vy We
. y i Hi 4, - ty
i
rl $ White pear plumb
Aug! Jo . Nor th #
mall,
5 rt
———*
————— SS
——
——S[S———S
pil
iy
i}
Wil NINH
ill
i }
i Hit
y
THT
——, Y
= ===
\I
— =
=
—— SJ
=
=
5
———
—
—
——
———
=<
——
——_
—— J
——
—
——————
—_
SSS
————
= ————
——
=
—
=
—=——_—
—
~———
——.
————
=>
5
SF
a
==
——
——S
————
—
=—
——
——————
————
>
—————
SSS
SSS
——S
_< ——
—= =
———
——-—
—————
——
—=
= =
—_—
——
—
—
———
——
—S—
—————
—S SS
=> a ———
—
S—
—
—————
=>
=
=>
Se
y
—
—-
|
——s
—
1
{ HH
hin,
f i
}
H y
7
N)
i
——
—
——=
= SSS
renee
se
_—— —
—s
—J
‘
SS SS
flat IXF,
i) yy Black pe ar lumb
\ 10. Standard,
j Uy Yy b,
li Yy
YY
Imparatrice
‘Wentworth plumb
> df
* 20.
TD Bowles Se.
Lh Addy Gaps
ee
we,
MH
Stitt
THUY)
CU MT 4
‘
“4
%
realty
SBuUy
Ay
’
4)
44
’
4
eH
He:
tAl MAE
ge gtesty
He
i
4
Wy
PASEO
Atty,
fy fs
BUTS Wh
AH
iH)
fae
Ny
ai iy
44 rH
THD
i) 4
ig
4, A!
Wylie
tS
ty
I
Zip
i]
4
1
Ae
‘
oe,
Whaley
nn
tf,
aoe,
Hat
A
4)
id
ihiid:
44;
ijtay Ney
A 4si4
i
“L471,
FUE
Hal
July
teondveni
=
ate
ES
=
Roz anna
20.1727. S04
idl,
-
7
ce
Vas A
\
Se
\\
20.272
ae
Sy teas
a
c
——
uD
cing fees
warns”
te
S25
; +
$y DY
OP ORE ANY Y
ehh SRESSALNE
MOP ANURNNRARS.
‘
ree.
Se ore
ae CE ag Oe
on.
Mele rae
tweet
Cowan!
“se ae, a
= ae. aig Rn. ag
See re ee ere,
== ae
este ere:
PSSST
S28 les
overs
Sseewowas
iat ae
Sse
we
<=
Bate SoS oe
Cai w oo ee ew wae
Sagi w ee
en Per pce
oerw enon wae
ATS it
Nee Oe oe
tn wae a Benth or
- owes
= eo
=. sae cee
aOR. oe.
oon warn Oe
ware
a
ee wares ee oe
Soar ee A
Se eee,
ge ae “LPS a ea
ana,
See arww tn Cates
, ara hehe (at. Mae:
ors Ceres ware oy Oe
co
Se. ae
prt re
oro
SS a
See POT we
are,
tara
are ea
eee Fae.
mz
0 es on
5
SSS
——
——
SF
er.
: aos
SF
ga
en
Rgeaier
7. 4 itll,
g
~ Red Ma
Pig.
Wyarety
eee
med
July, 20.77
Magda ene
. Mall.
White
\
A
ve
\\ ‘\ \"
\
1s t
*
fy KOXY
VV
469
WAVY
;
On)
risen
eh,
\\
VA
“=
Oo
slat
nS en
Pao
ceed
Us
oe
—
Se
~ eS
SOD
—
ane
hi
ttas Wi
WaiaeN
(x)
Ok)
OOK
HOOK
<=.
= =,
Se
=
«oe,
¢
REE
“4a
We
Widiy,
NSihcial:
NSH
Ss
ASS
eh
pa
~e Prete
oo een eererrr Ire
PTT eon
OA ee
WY)
a! sy
Dk? eNOS
cAMAERY
AINE
BRN BR?
Seber
Oh aguiseyy
RNS hioe
eS ‘
ane
ws
2
r
ae
Pe ee
eva
A
SN
NYE
at
ea aw
eer rae
eed tes
OM ae ae oe
ae ea ea
tia
Re , atin
~ ree
a OE ae eM
(FEE Mr i Te oe
ne Oe ee
tae, Twa g. Caran ne:
eee epi age ota Fed
oe. i, ao".
op LE: Cre oe. UE EER
NE PT ok Me
Sede CM NT eh A hg tat 4
ete ee Gammon o
CIs Cg ETAT
oe.
an
Sore
2B
Fatah
-
aon Oe:
sce
~.
a ee
>>
Swavewn
ae
Pr aghadg
ein ee eee
Me in CELL
een wee
lee.
ee
ae a
ee
Se Oe TO TL
Oe PTT
ae ‘a
og PTT IN
ee ae a
aa
eee
wae ee
ge ae
wer
=r
z
SIMES:
eens
as
Oy
OD Ee hs
Moraes
PE #
Se.
ghey
ele ee
ae a
a
wo
a
“all
ere
no
eee
eee
$4
we
o
ve.
es
ee
pe COLLET:
<_ ale ee
Ze
Sowa Peers
wee SOLE:
ee
arte
ze
“A
as Oe
o
ee:
reas
Ma
cs
Cems
Conve
“s
ere
FT PT i ge
OF er
z.
cs
oe
wees
aaree:
ses.
Sore
eee
Sofas
LA
=
a
nee
Pn ee
wae.
bar
Samant
Mes
POT SP
mz
eas
a
oe
is
ef oe
=
mes
“ip.
fe
Rian
oa
A
7 Le
ke At
eee
Gla ieae
(A a
SE
fer?
Lilate 28
a — Smiths Newmgton
~ ~ —~ -—— >.
= => eee
—— a ae eee =
SS oe SS
SS oes ee ee == =
eee Seo aD 5 Ne
oe een Ss <<
——s rn — eo em os = Ss so ae :
—o— —e oe ~ <> a a — os ——-s ee
See a ae owe =o esse - oa .
5 oS ~— — os ae ose a
oe ee ee =s
— — - — ——, a 4 A
<>, = == =e a
-_. ——e.
—
—
——
———— SSS i iy ; i
—— = i EDN
20.1727. 4 Wall
Be OP em
oN
Ss
ass. -
So Sel ~
= ~
SSS SESS
= —<s
=
Sess
SS
Se
SSS
SSeS
3S S
Ss
=~.
~ =
~ = Ss
25 == Se
Se
SS =
> Sas SSS
: . = oss
=
oS Ss
== os =.
~ & SSeS = ~
AAS fe = <=>. oss
SS Ss SSS
aay
~~ S
sole
sere:
——— — «
— —— a —"
SE S55
EL
ao
ne
Te
==
Nese
3
Se
SS
S
Nobles Luly 20.1727.
A wm.
AVE
\
My
Wy
+h
Y)
OG
NY
N)
WAY
\
i}
\
HG
\)
4
WW
444
iV}
N)
{
i
i}
‘ \
GOOLX)
\)
Aki,
i
//
OYEKX)
‘)
Ww
AYN
AX)
it}
KY
i}
nit
YY
i)
Ai
4h
AX |
iy
i
(WG
i)
Sere
Igoe
ke
o>
PP>
s P,
AA
7 YY \)
Mi MK
MAXX YY)
WAY
+64
\\
NOOO OO
4
\)
PARAAAN
‘
+
XY)
XV
4
|
\)
Y\
i (X)
+t
\
+44
YAY
'
wi) i
i)
XX
\
+ 4
OO)
WX
WW)
WY)
fi
Fee
' \\
’
X
NW)
NY
=
3
Ss mo
ss
Sd =:
—
fa)
+6)
Vane
WW)
y +
A)
aN
oR,
ae,
a
——
==
BSSse
Roose
4
Ss
ag:
FY)
yh}
x)
_—a
th tin
ch
fe
i
fi
Wh
of, ep ad
Wily 3 0.1727.S Will. SS
a —
WQ
parece
peiaeese
Stir
ase
Poss
pi ——
eetaar ee ——
eaiet cae =
I
= os
oe ~—
os
SS
=
yy
Bh)
a
ety
ae8
wa
———
————<———S
LEED O LED wm
Sa gecewata bree ®
“. A haga dh hd dtadiad
ore Satan OB UE DoW goood
re MT ao i OTE OEE OD GLE ee = :
oe ra SET Da 2
errr ao oa LIP LL POLL vg
I I Lr et Stee
——— ; F hah eR nbbnheh- v2
‘a ease ane: Caer
Ok, Lhe
io wae
a:
4
SEN
4
Whe
N
of fet
Ape Di
EET sae
AD Ee ead
Ce ELE Ee Oe
rr, Lae
LAA
LL Pee
OP
ers
oem ee
a
Sh
a’
4S
tah
‘
iE det
ae
4s
\
4
az 2
eta
Leo EG aor ee
sete, ZA ee. Z 2 ae
A AA 7 a. a
on ee ot,
.‘
Nh
*
a!
Y
yt
4
ns
aa a)
=
as
wih
4
AN
BANS
NN
NY
AN
~.
z
iges:
= ae AM,
Cin 2 Owe agg Goneme se. ma See
é aged Ure ewe,
LL Ep Pp AA pp PP LLLP A KAS Re eed
7; Tf? Cae wee. Eee T 6 Ce ae ew
rs)
aaah
ANS
aa
)
7
ANSE
4
vet
. eee ne
i FF
we
7
2
vt
wa
NAY
wv
ey;
SANS
=h M
» -.
ge
pe
nears
LE
ww
tS)
AN
‘8
ENN
Ni
a
a\t
aN}
= .
OSS eee
Z :
aa
7 oa are. 2
? oa z EA =
: ares 2
nO gn arg a mae
OEE ae Fs .
f
——_—
ie ae
at,
= ae,
o.
- eae
fers LL)
—s
ae
a
7
.
2e%5
ST Ey
-STRy
i
oa
ee
es
a2
=. : ce =
i eo .
= Site :
See ewer resee — .
> iu r= a ro y
Ge S ae Say ey7mM or. eectorm
z OI =
9 aS
= ano: — Bien 2: oe <=
aw = S = ee st2S = =
as S <
oe =m
Ze, =
agg a
<== 4 J . at)
at He a 1
z UG. t ;
coer : Ss K
Po = '
nae ee ‘S A
ra ‘ “S '
ee BY A A
= fH See 4
a Ody .
= BEN» bss \
‘ a LAA = GSS 8 j
z Lege = a’ we
Zs ee han) Wy
em Swen Caan a 2 ‘
= TO ar ot yiy
— Ser ta ae eae Cow Tay
“aa aa a aman ae ae ee eh | - ae a8
ee Me IE PT ROR
“Ze Le LiL ED SS oh aa ‘
= farars oo ae
vg'
aed.
as
a ee F<
neg
a
EF: a
SEPP: Pe vee
Ceerwrpy es
FE
SP ego
——
—
LS
=. WS: ee ee
SASS eee essere -
Nectorime
Joman -
geet,
Sey
UJ
4
iY
5 Par
He
HEH Pat
HHH
HHH
»
Hi
jantee
-
<= =
—
alt
]
nt
SR
Mawar
Vee
SA oN
: z Xe
SANA.
QRS SL
AREY
Sy
——
ty
= SS
Sh
ee"
co
gem
et
Rs STERE 5 \ ;
"4% erere Sali Boe
OY ye Te %
Soe
x
al
3 : Elroute Neetorine
3 20.1727.
j
re
eae,
5 fying
Chip
LIE
Ce oeoed
a
~
“
ae
Zs
—
Eres
=a
=
Py ey ee 4
sao ; “4 ii
Ck OT ge Po : }
wo Op . /
aa eG eer oa eee S \
ewan wa owe Sos
; AML AL ge So eee
- . ze <I IF se. wna -_- a
S PPLE OT aw wo ee. . oo, SS ner
on ee - A: SK e735 oF <<
LiF
ae a Aa
aw 2a
ee 2x2
a ana AT LEE To
eZ
Zz
= a ae TS el ign ~ "3
SIS:
ISO PZ 2S
CO Ae ewww.
a A 2525
=.
ote,
25 oat
=
= -
-
2
©,
*
5
+
ix)
AX)
hae *
7
¢
~, be
aces
=
fAX)
— — ere seed j
— SS >= Se 2552 aes eee Sooners Sats, Gee Se oe eo
—_S> SSS SSS — —__ ot Sao: Saas Ses eae ee Ss see ee Soot
SS — SS SSS _———— =
——
4,
9,
Wy
"4
)
_
D
WO)
YY)
: Sac .
serge Sess es ee a8 Seri) Pk natu
Seek ta ¥ \ aA eae
ANS RAN AW <u) ‘. a SS ‘
tr at aun. e SSAA a canrte S S ee
av ot = ane ry Li AWE AT
Sok H Ween es os =" ws ——— « :
> “ AN ewan
y = SWE LESS TS
Sar NR WSRES NSE le neee ae SS SSS
— tts
——
vaaaeuveee oun So es
=a oe a
= ——— ———
nee, a a —
rr
2 eae
ik Aa ARes
TAS —
= :
a — 3
Ser see ume, sSee
=28 (meet RBee
Ps
=
\
A)
= = SS Ne
Ss = Glven Nec torine
i SS az ——S = : 2 Se ie
ie = 2S = S_ : Zz 17 %7.-
MO ee SS Sa SS Sas EE | :
7 ff HA oi ret 3 ———
.
\}
UA)
Ai
YO
“
y
} 44h 4
/
0
o
See
ZZ
EE ; = J :
oS SS
= ————
te,
ai ges
a eee
NS
mnie o-
cep Anet
a
\
mars
a as Ore
DEI PS ae, a ee Pg
A te oA, Da a a
LA es ae i -
a =
a =
— -
=
”
wi
ins
i
ce
aes
eeerns fe
4
iy
NY
pairs
\
\\
’
N
)
4
NN
ne
awe 2 : A
ee es i“ err
I ORs : ’ . CA gree
ea eee a -_ +i oe ae a : " . ey Seapets
<== <n > — pata cen weit neil eee,
= Elna’ pO . : f i ee
oa enna
pF
hse enccrinnnncragh
_——
So
So oe
ae - ears
ca
poe
eee
5 A
see
far
ae
Rite Sa ee
orien
iveletug
SSK SS
SS
SOS
Kx
%,
a
eae
ee
Was
ai A aie ete Be et
Admiurable
vega,
ss
ee a smeccon
SSS
SS
S———S
hay
q)
A eae gets
sae wae ne
VTE
SO Leer as Ala
le r] Wy
GLH,
TAS
ws
>
.Violete Hative . ~
27. ie
e,
* Cos
\USS RES!
Ps
3
SO
SSS SS
s
has
SSS
Soe SEBSRRES b ue
5 a wae,
ae
ss
coos Re
eee ee >
et
a
Witt
fraeace
UH
Oe: Owe w are
a ms
” =. 8,
ar a ae enn
maar
aa ae
el
So
A
5 sitatetee,
a
See
=e ae
sau, ON
ee
Ss
ot
=
Ma
ks
Se
Ss
exe *
See
eo
yt
Hang
~
SN ewe ten
va
lar
ae.
2
2
a.
an
a
eee a
Hit
HD
‘
ae
LH
febatat;
Hy * ’
4H
a
Bee z a VET
LT PPI ELALL IS
Le inl wage
ae
<> Py
=F Sona
— ost,
we AN ws
~
dijgesiee
Wit
Saige
AY:
uy
.
s Les
* 7 z
ee RENEE EEEECES S
LOL LEE EP OLAS
fe
a t
oS
=
=
—s
=e eB’
ae oh Be
SEB ES te!
se iae
peget®s,
fiiiser
é
me ‘Tt
Pan eee ee
Oo ae,
te
e
‘See
aie
neciwwss
Rehm
ie rhage bs be
COLL LS
SIL MIUETET SE EE
NSIPITA EEE
ie Zz ¢
iT) PTS, “y
Hasire
oe ie Sour
wa
rey
fae
ae
Temple Nectorine
e
Fake" 4
ke
‘sys
SS
Pilate XXX) OldNewingtonPeach. : mig
' : Aug “10% 179 f
=
itp +
— ><
> = lad >
a aa ~
a ——
Sees nae Sey
me eg re Seer
os
255 a
ose
S. Con em <2 a ars 2s
MOS I IE CELI TP OO eee
Sa oo SEs oe
“an
-
l= —
oes, Seas Toe
" SOS SIS ae, oS
2S ZO Hee
7S ae arn iam
ca LEME eg te
SS
i
ae
4
— Ss,
2 eee Oia!
Oo ed
> ante oon es oo
O06 a5! =,
SSL S re,
3
2
252)
Sireles,
a, ;
A teas
nang. me.
*
4
2. e
SE
Seta c. tecae ee
og an, tte ne
setnieat faseen
:
cece ame.
Le te
Albemarie
rye Aug 10. a
SESS eS
eS Saat <=
Se SSS Ok = = =~
SESSA S SE SoA ke, = ~~ S
é OPS SC} ae
Sao SS TS SSS
Sa ug Sg Poe Ske a
De A eget ge Oe Nee ee Sone
“Neches - SS = es
IEE EERE ISLE PO RR ODO > SS eed
OS eS — ww
OS SSS — tl
os ~ we
s io~
he *
*'
SS
es en
I ee AS LS ke
— SS SSeS o* Saee soe
See SSS Soe8) Soe
= ~ Sa = on _—
“a
an,
poe Ses.
weet
Vet.
Sieteces
oO
~
eS
~~
re
= =
=~, + Sag
— .- ~' ~
Sate ase eae.
Petes Seater atte
SOS OC Se eae
SSeS OSS
a
var
*
= ae
-
trast
s
sos
Soc SS
* 2
O etee tae.
oe S35 os
Sees Brookes Peach
Aug” 8 M4924
my,
~~
7 SS
A rat os
TEx:
=
Le
ey
aoa
2
ae
aa
<a
seo a
SIS b
a ao ‘
PO wwe Se” =
aoe
_
. —F. row, =P
5 ae
” oa
“> v2 Fp ppd pd HE
wwe SLT LIL ELLA rat rs
OPTS ELddd ZZ
SS
rs
ow,
aaneae
Se
ras
eee
mp ee
Se Pe I PERLE Ls
Se Add gpd tp phtitp gett
LL i ga ppg pf AA p dai ttt ZA LALA be pd pp
aon
SS
ae
73
SES LILO
PSST IED Lg LIZ AIALLLED
rt Lig AAA API LL
OS AIL I DAL RAZA ZILEED
~ ee, PILE z PIL Ean
Cees tee Ad ZZ eee.
Peg ILE TA =
we ; Soh NY
= ~ = —- = — a we, ar, ;
“< - ses 3 v2 Se Org, 2 we « ee eon ‘ ct . tis
a a a ST LT, z cena ae : "ee. Ggtrata, Matwagge ta, age te sioees <== BUR it
Z : LEC ae. wapeae ae xy ag esse tocswsens = : eel
SSS 553 ——S e 7 Pe eA re ay
.
a, Sane westtersen : ae
——— eres Lae tweeen = om = ANN sae ae
——— — = Sa | aig weteres Sse x sss
Sig ——
————s = en
ae
Hemf{kirk Peach
fe gh aa
—_
—s5
~«.%,
= le
SOs
SSCS OSS
St aes 5)
~. +*
ee"
p<
ns
Sa
- S
<=
=e
mY ae
Orn)
‘a*
SSS
BOS a
eee
Ss
=
th
“aire
SOTA
Z
pees Thee
Ss
=
OxxXK)
I,
Ox
fii
5X
+eeee
a's
x
On
1%
Bellows Peach
Aug! 8% 1727
——S
<
nen
an’
qe
,
eee
ch
ABTA on
ial
—-
ee
ewe,
OOP La
Oa wd ae
=e es
\
\\
\
= aoe
a Sosws <8 <
we fawn ae 4
we weet was Sa
W227 ae Seem
G
LEAT TTS RATA NCE
a OSA
rRNA ae
mul
CZ
Will. “=
Pavy Royathag 15.2727
Hy
ely
ANH
NA
WAN
WN SS
MAG
N ; WS
\
SS
nS
ANY
—
Zz Coy eee
rsthearsee
Sh
AAS wh i/
NEAR NY
4 \
4
44. 1727 -
SE. Wall.
i
Porpree Aug
AA,
i)
Ys
Uh Vy
LNW,
AM
SSS
ify
UHL
Wy
MIU,
Wyfi//)
Yj
Wii
YY,
A
Wy
Wy
/
h
Why,
all
Bichets Aug’ 25.7727. SHE
SJ
—_
——
on
ot
=F
: —
SS
————
———
SS
—
————*
——
Ss
=
—_
Bo! vse"
Oy
25. 1727.
£
AE. Hall,
wie 2
———
——S
—— Ss
SS
SSS
———
—S
—S—
SS
ss
>
<s
Gates
oe
4
a, z > :
rs
ta
niece
oP anes
eee ee
fier es
GEES
soz
ANE Ty «8,
ON RE
Why «tae
NS “ss >
DNA RON
EONS
AVS Ce" aa
‘| ‘8 a
egies
an
a arog:
on ,
ey
Yi
by
Ay
oa
+t
ite
the
Far
Vipers
(fara
aliens
faa
Malacotun:
Sep.10% 7
m
Ta Se,
en
ate
Nie.
the a
au
AwENe TES: ay
Petite ot 4)
+S SARK Rost y
% *«
aes Ss
.
.
ae
=e
She
se
Sf
a
2s
ty
SS
aS
eee r
>
oe
af
f
See
ee —,
j 7 <—S5
Pi: =
ie eS
SS
KSSoos oS SONS]
pa, i Stet oe %, o
ESS STS SS SES SB Se SSS
ESS SOOCS ic ee Se ee — ee
OSS SPOS Se ox eeren
ch SO 5
‘> =
we os bh eS
4 22:
ere oe
Be ==
Oa Seema
ee,
oss Bose
sS
Ca
*
a= k
aoe
Slate XXX
.
Ss
=*
7
en Se
*
=. > —_~ s.
SS 2% Lt
Na ng Ong i;
PS ES :
te ee et ae
POPES oe oP RS PO IS
SO ee Ee
LSPS OPO RO ee
Se a ee ee ete oe >
, eS SESS 2 A
wee, Oe Sey
RS OS nO
<< eT was eee >
Pe PSO SO
Cara en Oa.
ORS NAL,
ee eae gg Te aN
Soe ae aa ee an ae en rae
a oe, $253 Sosa BSc ars oss ope se —
BS ESSS OSE SES ROS SORE SRE SOS OST OS
a eat gta a, ng ge ae Sm ee aS
SSeS re See ee ee ee
ene a. : SS SS re
op oS x oe ee
eS Swat ee
5 a On Oe eee
oo Sen ear ee ae
ee Patan eae eee
ha Pa ee, ee eee
NS ee Og Pon oe ee
50 9 Oe, Pan eae Cg Ogee
Soe See ee
at eta ees eo
a ha ——.
Sank ee ae ==
OSL os
RS Se OK <=.
ra S2 a <2 se
RES <=:
tt ae as Ore ———
See
so
Pon rod
Seon one
ae eens
eran
Fonte.
oe
Seno .t
SS
Aviad
Si See
SS = ea
SSS
SSeS
~ SS
== <==.
= 7 ee
Ag ae or a wes
= 1 aa =f
ees oo, tae eee ss
= ran PEL " roo =~
=>3 eres sa eS
A eg OM, _
ar was oa
PP SLLIS
. =
—-- Zo
wrote eee Sees
SSO
apie
we
<=
==
wre ae
ee ro
SSS a
=SS =<
-
WSs =
SS: area,
SS C2
ae
war.
z
ae
Se Z
SS ne ew wa ne
—= x ERvarees saan ee eee
SSeS eee
—<—.
e
£7.50 Wall
a
oe SSS
PATS
setnannes
SScktrrs Torts
Saas heueeuntaly
MLAOELSES wa gee
SSeS cee eeelt
‘==
crx
~
pen cette
eth
aot wy
af
im G =} z us
mr SY -*
oa
et PP) TD
oS ome e ewes 9 alga
SU
—
SS oS
os
REN
AY '
BNA ANN
BSN ROR NAY
SES SREN
NADP AD
\
a eo omg
EL
St nie wee
a, OF tage Wa oe
ry
at
IN}
¥',
ore
4
\
N
h
ih
ee en =
ee ——
SS a
=
==
.
4
4
= aoe
SS
!
!
nee
——
RR eS
=e
eR
oR
= Se
SSS OS
SSS SSS OS
=~
ATT WAS
WLARLeNe™
ik
2%
Sten eee
SS
o
Ez
————
—
ee
— =
=.
— =
oy :
SS
a
Py >»
9
= Belichevrule Peach
<
SS eee area i :
KF dF e Pler ie B he 2 4049S a SS
’ AES nancet tong etre feet eae -
am ESSN NS ester seat: fee
ae os x e*, @: 0
; BOE eae RES ee pe
JA SSeS pe BSoSsy wietae,
4 osastenSoaten ster nas samtentat Seren see Ky
J - "ee ote
; we BESS Sees SSS SSS Ss Pe) ce Soo
EOS SSO cS ee = SOS OS Sa eS. OAS OS
- APES ISS OSS OCTET OS SO aes SRS SOS rm
SOS SS OS Soe SSO, SOS SS ee ee s
Z@ SSSSR SSeS SSS es
SS OE)
SOS OES SOS
.
oe:
Burdock Peach
j
=
4
==
>
aa
7
a
EE
ae
casa
wanes
Ee roa, -
Tf ALL ee or, Tarn
.
mE
Fj. \
eee
‘ \ be aes
tarts
\ eakee
Set:
St
wnt
ae
_.
Seer
Sia
——— = (eb 5
YELLS SS ne SR ESS ES SS
ne Se ~ = es = Ses, S
Cer ESOS OOS O LSE OOS SS TSO PE SD
— =" > > ao = ~ ~ = > >.
Ses at ~—s —— os — Ss .s > a= 5 ee
SSS SE eS ee Se OS OSS
Sn —— —— Oe —-. “ * ete
SSS a eae waa eee eee anes
— 7 peo ta eS ae SOS S *
ee ee tar See ee See ee el en eee
et a. ~ o> ~ >
~~ oo => Se SoS
+
SS Ss
SS ee ee
eee nee ee
73° -
Se _
a ee a
<- oe
a
eee
4 s
e =
<'
4
xy AX)
UALKANY)
HOA
Ay
yy)
Vu
=
SSS
————
es
COAL
Wy
4s"
Wad
*§
m)
‘
(AY)
MA)
My)
Li
Lh)
NWN)
‘
‘
XY
— a
a ke
Nh)
YY
OO
) ‘i
WY
BN |
‘
Mt ( »
A)
rh)
ut
it
KM)
Ny)
——
INY)
ay
nt 4
ON)
iN
AOU
WAXY)
=
os
SOS
Wy
y)
ws
Cs
?
bY)
PLAY XA)
me
“as,
Se
“SS Riees 5
=>" Catherme Peach
————
————
eed
etry
DOOOXAOLY
A)
—,
.
a : 3 oo Le Erroneous Melbod Sf
a I. lout the 200 of May |
4
|
=.
ND
Pathan
: ‘
eA:
Ze
ofp
ma:
Cf 1 ee
Bae, ch
Me ogo,
tw eo
>
T=
So
a7
7
ae ae
a a
a
ae vars
er Ae
Ss
=
*, y=
Santee
CLE
So.
SSN
SS
A
=
OSS SS
Whe
aw
i Sawey
ra
eesest ree:
yee
<<,
>
*,
earesae
Ie Ee.
fi) iy,
Hf h
i}
ij
WEL, f
as ui]
i} Wy
PPT
if MWh iy
UHH 5 wey
LHI LIP tf iti
WME a
4, UF
Ly
Z
4,
19, if}
feats!
MEATS
AY
SNS
AY
H
} ME ae “ut
IH Wis H
wae
pent
HEH MTT)
YY f,
AM HH
CMD Hs
tthe ;
Z
—
Veghyrpennra Tr rr! rrr reg
ot
/ White Mule adine Grape
Ripe Auge 16 © South Eafe Wall
oes
= fesees
a3
senate’
5
—
—
40 oe eeere
* <aeaes
Sau oe
mses
aseseey)
Sd
SS
Ss
SS
%,
in
Hh
PLA
iy
pees
Aihe
SH
LTE ate
GRA THILH i ipeg
HIM HTH
WET HALE
4 fag,
Std,
Yell ig f
ids })
a
i 1
niger eles ees
Ly
it f
r4tiiee
rm,
om
Ze
=
ra
=
aS OCS
ne.
nm
ee
——S
———
a
SS
=
a
LS
SSS
So
eS
—
————
i
—
———
SSS
=
>
me
——
—_——s
=
See
<s EZ
———
ee ~~
Serene
=
Ss
a
———
~
Sos
~
SS ee
———
SS
Smee
=
Hitt
Men tates
Shay
bees
MD
Tt iAAd
sae
™
SAS
SSS
«
~~
_ ~
SSS
Sos
SE
mS
s
SE
ay
tak Sth
SoS
sy ate
‘ eae
5 h
Bet)
Sit
Sh
.
Sunt
~
“ay
‘
WY
\
‘NY
Mi
Hun
a
HH)
Meiits
——
—————
————
=
‘
i at
43
Hie
LT HAd)
4s
‘
Hi
‘
Way
vy]
el
‘
Sc
nN
we
Sts
WS
: ay taney®
Sah hath.
SSS Hy
Sh St
7
x
wt
Skat
aye
to
AAs
=
YS
.
irs)
MAREE
:
I
. ~)
PATS
SS
7
~
.
Plate
Biack Mufcadine Gr
Sep. 20.%1797
Ey
Sard
SLETIE
a
CLI
ere”
LL rte
OP LLL ae
ape
Xd
\\
Y
Ly
WY
LS WY,
Ui
SS \
a
D> Ry
Uy
>
BS a
G
Ves
*
Ly
yy
ioe
Vir; Whig
WAS VAS Sa
———=
———
S \s
i
re
————
6
Ks a
S - -
“oe ——————
=r
ee nnn,
1!
SSS
——
=
a
ity
4
Gel.20 Were:
Au
JS
S
White Frontimac
gtiee:
Wn
if spre
We
oe
=
Socios
oS
~S.*,
a
‘2
SOS SK he
See
=
—
SSS
7
es
Soe SS.
x Sos, SS
eee!
Tee
=
ator
oS
ees
mae
p)
pm:
Mh
Wi /
HM
Wy
y
Oy
H)
==
<;
=a
<2 ete:
Settee een
SSS
~ . :
‘*
——
sts
——
SS
—s
=e"
Sc5
=
eet
TVS ELST
AANA
+ VAS eee.
SUE.
=e
=
< a
SSS SS
SSS
=
—————
Se
SS Se!
Se
-S
SSS
-
SS
“SS
a
ae.
Wee =
.
i,
N
\
Le
Site
~~ ow
SSS
Ate ,
te
ae
ei
moos
ay
xa
ANeta
al
ANS
Uh
\
%
4
as
Pr
y
\.
S)'
sate
mS
tN RANE SS
AANA
ees
any A
We tee
Hs
PEA NRE NY A
eit
rest?
, it
NAY
SAAN) i)
iets,
WYN)
=
—
ee
od
=
WO:
*
Black Frontinac Sope.a 0."a7 27,
: South wall Ff
= -
+2;
ca
SLL2
SSS
SS
sige.
x
SS Reogs
< Oates
SSD (SoS SOS
OOS OS
aan tene tae
S
fs
SSS SS
sae NS
eee as wD
Soe Soh Jess
Seca oss
4 oe Ss
ee ss
ae
SS
s SSS OS
SS
ZA
=
Soe
SS =
SSS
SS
Ss See
SSS ss J
x RES
ANS SSeS
‘
\
WAN
M
WN
ney
My
=
= ~ -
=
ve SS
7 - So
‘ef SS OS SSS
Se ee ee
ae er =
ee SSS a SSS
Sa SSS =.
~s
SSE
BSS ROT
oS
SS
~~
SRN
SS
SSNS
Sw
“] eit
Beacise,
Suze
Ler
LESS SOS
SSS
SSS
SSeS SNS
SS
AS Sa ES SS
SSeS
SESS SS
es os
~ J os
Ss
=
3
=
Ss
S
‘
~ SSN
WSs
SSN
Ses ‘S
SAS
Li
Tash
SSS
SS
SSS
SSN
SS SS eT
‘
=
+
Way,
ww
\
AY
Lj )
‘ NY
i ,
SA
as
ANY
M, A Ss
SAY
ANALY SANT
ers
S
LRA
SAL)
= inneat
rari
‘awa
ar
Se
~
ett
x
Se
~s
~Y
PlateXX XVII v
=
SS
SSN
~
SSS
So
<Sey ae
SS
ss
S
=
=
SSS
=e
> ~
—Sate
os
=~
ae
Ly BSS
—————
acto
——
—
— S
—=,
e 2 ; ’ A = s
be
|
i
|
Grape
17 47
: ——
di
,
: ~
aceon
t 20
—————————=
Whate Lombard
Jip
Chipe
i
|
k ~Grape
daglag
7, a =
BT
‘
172
Br
Ripe
————
CLLON ?
Ie
e
b
Pa
@-
.
:
.
oe
.
es
“Plate. XLI.
Plote XLI .
th
ee
: | Black Clulter
.
TT TR eiewidie Ripe
y
gundy’
October 1
0. 1727
September 2
rape
ora
ii;
°
Black Bur
727 a < : SS
Vineyard _ st
€
Ripe .
m y
er <a %
ee
RAVAN
BS
SSN
SERS
tee
\ IY
}
“df
ili eed
il
j Hf |
|
Y y : Lyi =
ay
Plate X Lim
PlateX Lit
Payee
LO
*
n Grape Oct
Sith Kiald
ifi
Saar
White Ra
*
-
-
.
.
*
® *
ie
+
eee
it .
Life isa tf 2
CL hfey: soa Pf A
J tA; Pe
ys Se tH? Lbs $272
Ge, y CH oP ett
. VII L Fee a VT ft
JJ LY ir AD FF
; (3 Lys ET ay TPA,
J Fi PIAL) Zr, eeee
- Uti) Lf ae San
ip i Tp: Tid
f ta IF
ib LP We Vise lie t :
My Lf; dy, ‘ # TE Ff
Wh up Yoh Ls
Uy J GY, \ Gee 473 :
tiff Z YUEN LA ipta Lge Lie eee:
PEG, Yi.) YN Tie He Ze: se ee
UDG Z, Yipep, TALL LSP ALEE 74
i344 By fps (UH iy Fi th Vig) HOTS L? EAs Pitt ig itth tipper *
WFLX 143 Yt} f7 . ‘gh, Hi titi Za Lid tet ft J
WY YS MMSE ; BG, EE! LEE EEE Ee
ij iy WHHL LY fi ly Nai T4 i (/44 see ALpt I SAFI IA SEA APN Vt ee
WH /, VY ,' 4 } He ‘dh, age “i OSA FAD Hs; i 7s
Sage } y if, CaS, j Lite ae’ ILL iy : peewaere =.
4 , , ; . tA BE oy seneceae escene mas neees
4, fi Ue ge : ; i TL LELL, : :
i GE; {4 EZ Z E
YY } FZ: ees ;
i ‘ : 2353 4b ii ii oe
HM 4 i X j “ ip Gah IES, ie
iY 4, \ ty Xy f ef - Bs ae: Sgt,
/ fy e a I
, GE ties a ie eee
. f; tHtP: ro Z - word
MUMMY as bh f esa tige Gig, : : Paseeetecear in
LR pes ‘
ath BZA G2 BES Bence abe
ry TELA LID : eoanne
Bie gs) fee, ez tithe Tt hh
S, oe i
‘Ly Lp
OY)
7 He if
TT
i
t
=
=
tne Ya
eS
2 es
SS
Ss
SS
—
Fils
on
ote eS
AS
oss
SaaS
Ss
gb
BSS
=
-s_*
3
SS
| Sar eit ms =: : :
i : ; 1) ws sone St = - : * ers a
ft / - y = a S< "2 “ te 3 :
{ < i ; : Ss: i cesses
iN i SS ~ aay é
=
SS
om
NN
un \\
\
( Ai HT G 4 3 2 a aa We
es
ne
——e
=
“=
4
pe <I
5 “ai
N
LA?
§
¢
<5
——
CLA)
H
os
Se
= =
og so = *
rs . ee ere ee
val at fs 3 an treo <=:
i 1 : ; <=> =
\ —— = - ;
( H ee - - SS ae <==
{A . a aaa —— -
AN Ses
; — Seo ee ee
ee ——s =
y : : a
. : ! ———— <<
s = <a SS
. : =
= 5 2 =e SSO i; Ea
Ls = oe < ——————— Se eee ooo
~ = : Se ign
: C ey = = < SS
4 Se Z ert ——S =
3 —, = > ‘ ; = Pe 3 Fs
ty * ,, $. = ~ : 2 = Se “aq i
@ Pi), — +o Porn aes “a
aff , ff : SEES
fl
mt
it
| i ina
| ZB
{\
le
4 | i } i) \ y il . : SSN
ANY |
—
ss
|
|
—- Kt
*
Ge Sa
~ merramamnananensenta mC” SESS Ee ERI AGEN AIST
aerate A Se SS TSE
Black Efperione Grape
‘
Jep et: 20% 1737.
. SW. Wa.
ey
eee ene
ee ae
met
\
Be
7
| ii
} . ‘ ‘ : é . si 5
. : 4 : j . : * iV "
UU e ; 5) i Ng ER |/) Hh { \ sii
nes ey/)) Mh pms ////////////
ett if ] : Wy yy
ve fy i yp “I ms
Yh
i /dp
=
-
yp
/
ih
Kz
Nite
Ay’
X
yw
?
Fi}
OPV
a f
ipa!
YE ee
+i
’
we
¢
A}
Hs;
if
SN
Watts
Ate
Ss
tb ae A a A ER
_—
>
a
OCS
Soot
eae ne
SOC ~
—S:
eee? ctemen'
&
aoe
SEX 5
IO Ss =
oa wees
oe
oo
oo
.
«
Ww SS
= + TVW.
Ss Ss SS QueatSveswyaces
Ws 3 .
‘At SS
Lr) Wy
~
At
Aas
AAR TES
VER Ts
i
~—
aks.
~
a oe
SSS
OS sal
—
aT
Vgtate
NIST
CRS
SRE AS
<>
a] Ving”
ay ta
7
alage
tyeyaat.t
Yah ti ie
SAAN
~~
~\,
ve,
soe
oO
ze
Th
\\\
— \\
SAT
LEG
LE
ts
\Y
YA} }/ Ys sShy
Uf aga ARS
Yi, if RS
Hf Uff Mi fp t Ny" att?
if// j f/f ff } \\ A We AY
yy, 1; z A} Sih Rin x
ad ie SAMA) e
YY fe LASS
Vibsiy \ \ NN inh
Ba
ws
‘AN
“ER yt
ash!
AW
N)
NS
Ze: ‘dee
gas:
Mf,
it ide
MM ATTY,
Wi pp
—S SO
aa
i
ee Wat,
LE
58S
*.
‘>
Sos
SO35
“>
at ia.
2
ae:
as
os
x
LN
\
\)
\
Xi
{
=,
:
SS
‘ w
i MN
NY
a
x
Ye
nN)
SS
RS
=
=
a
Ss
>
uf
SSS
UM ig 4h G jh : \ ; : ys:
ii WY Ys A//| i z Y///) SF; : ANS INN Pea eee
LY GUY YY ' Boa\\\\\\ | WANA Ss
M7, LL fy VLA Lp hh el Pp Uf, ; VARs eee \ \\\ ‘ ARNE
j ‘ , " N) 1 a
Yi y Yj UP) y WY LY) W544 ; | : NR mas
be AAE ‘ NNW
> i } N
So
>
*
>,
*.
‘i
Nj
‘ +,
tN
‘NY
Saeey
s
SShbes
a
Seon’
—~
ARS Sos
—)
ae
Se
<
eee
SS
“SS
—
ae
a
ia
a
eres
Oe wa
=
~~
aos
+ 8%.
a
an
Stes.
SSS ON
Sehee
aS SS)
7
ee
—
Ay
noc
Fa —
an ate Po APD
Oe oe.
EA. A a ae ae
ine:
=
=
see
S
es es SS
=
~
=>
= ee AS tee
ss2eSs >
ee ST
+e
*
Ste.
Samah e
=a See
Serre
=o
eR
s
eas
Le
MY
SO
SUAS
het B.S
5
SSS
A Rice
SSS
TARARNV EES
5 3e 8
ans oo .,
Ss
Sor aaee
See SS
Se ee
we
HAT
iA
SSS
SSS
SN
‘
‘ee
A
=
YS
~~
AA
445
‘
ee
P)
’
4
eR, toed ae
alte ciate ie at
ae eaten de
Upp» gy
Yip
Yy \\
\
SE
ONS
\ \.
\\
f ‘4%
We
‘ \ \ \ ; \
\ \ \ 5
4 ae ee
« Ht
a
HY
LH
Bay :
o*
»
4
Lit
Hy
Sy
=
we
ma
SSE
it
Wi 454
WH
A
=
wn
=e
Ss
S
SS
sa
<= ?
: be -
if Ti | ) iN
iN N
ill |
Ms = ZN
a IN
7 bij
~
SS
Ss
~~
ss
—
SSS
Sse
SSS
SSS
ba Se aS
ee
SxS
mare ean
=
~~
a
es
=
=
=—
a
=
i i!
ral
SS
N
G
=
~~
——
—_—_S —_
——
|
=
=
SF
SS =
Sst
—s
—
Hie
ee
—S
——-
—S=S=———
——
Mase ss 3
sesseitaye
: Black CurrantGrape
Aug! 9g%1472%.
aeareh
=——
—
x=
=
Ss
Ss
= ———"
Ss
=
:
=
=—S
———
—=
LEO
—S
UE eet
‘
A
a
—
—— ————
eS —_ ——— = a SS
-—
——H
—— >}
~ ——>
=
—
i
—
I 2
—
==
a +
SS
SS
=
=
SSS
Sasso}
SSS eS
SS
Sa ——
=
: —
wha
| Loa
<——
i
a : Vit: : Z b\\ \ as [BF ,
We GZ, . Hit Vi gi eee (4 Hi Hh
W YY, , 1 ii ZA { : 3 4 apy
WA: iY ty : . )y ‘ By, (|
BYE Uy, \\ \ \ ‘a Hen A
Mii Hy MY, \ X\ \\ \W\ ie wy Hy
GHEE: i] EK \ y Hy
y BY \ \\ \
WE,
=
~
~
SS
Ss
~
=
=
5
x
=
< —=
SS
Ss
ee
L—SS=SS===
yt
———
=
=
—
———S
i
fi
HT
HEN
a
—
ee
= = 5 j,
————
te
—
a
oa
=~.
ose
=
(}
—
SSS
SS
=
=
=k
~—F
ee ———
~———F
Wig
ih
MY)
hig th
Osi)
mL I UNE
HW) is Wy
Hy Hy
———S
—S=
yy}
‘
a ar na
ero
Ss
oe
Ss
a
EZLZZZE
LZ
SS
aN
= SS
SSS:
SSS
—E—>EE
SSS
=
=
——— S
— ee as
SS Ss
————
SS
——S
if \
A \ Te
sf 035 | BAY ))\)
Hy] ates :
4 f RY |
i} |
Hi RY / |
crs
EZ
PA
———s
————
* ut j iy,
{
(eiteess.-
——
>
Ee
=
SSS
_—————
——)
<A
=
=
_——
es
==
=
|
=
=
———
a
——
———
———
zB
Phe |
——
—
H
mn
—
————
it
eee nh eer =
S aeeneeramenonae en acre nee
"ees as Pea emowon vas at Set
me’
|)
—— os
SS
¥ Hy)
SS
Zz
Ez
———
wh
Nia
\
iy
————
—S
————>
———SF
ee
————
——
Seen oe agen
ee aiereeenasiencaetinar a
__—
—————_
=<————¥
eS
SS
==
=
—-
- a
————————————
—
~ —
—
—
——&
——*
“Cgctaeneeccemnee ere Sao ooo
ieee er
SS
————
———_—
a ——
=
——— ea
—=
ie TET:
——
SS
a
=e
————
Ae)
i
—
—S
oF
——
————
——
{IN
ni
.
————
ao ——————
———
——————
a
SS
=——_—_—_
ee
———
ss
—————— =
—— =
———
Lele oe
‘Claret Grap
3 f
ys, if f
By th tye ft} y N
e : y ti yy Y
Y e 28 Hs lbs Es
fe ud 30.172 7: FL Bip yy f yy / ys
| CBP Apis oe i, UY yew
| yar 2 — EY Yi YY ax
* sy : ell pn ES pi 52688 fi CS MUSUEL 5 Sa } f : ’ J H
; = eee! pe — F fi Tah ed i = \ Hy \
Uj ——s se yy, Ww
t bere — % is Hifi HH) Wy. /) q " \\\ \
| MW),
j i} \
Nh > a"
POS rer
SS
———
—————————
——
SSS.
———————————————
——
Se
—
arent?
——>
SS
———
= —
——>
SSS
SSS
———
eh
Nl
Hi
———
———
SS
SS
——
S—S=S===
=~
~~
See
Ss
——
i en
H i
Hy
HY
!
Ht
igh
——
==
—
———
HAY
af
H
i
ti)
4h
ais
Se =e u
ee
—
ae
a,
en
—<
———
oe eeean nemeemneenseaienprenmemee
ae
at
—
i
0
AX W\
ANN
tn
\
\
Ba
zr
SS
i
_—
Mj
ane
———
————— FJ
dF
—
ee
=
i
fl
July Grape -
Fiky 25° 1727:
Ee adhere
\\ \ : y
\
ANN
\
i
iT)
A
Oy
\\\
MN
WN
ij
+}
=
fF
=
it
<——
=
: q
he amrieicaeeee : :
me ~
Se
2 ery “encore : p
<=
s i ot
Plate, La.
‘
An we
SA
Cs SS
Y SAANSS
SNS
‘)
x
—— tsi‘
Fa | sz : EEE Eg oe oe
a : ae
= eae 2 aa Cpt nk oe
ae a ng ee a a a
—
_——————————S— SS
a Section of the
* . SN
QS
GB
SS
ae
Aug. 20%
SS
——— SSS SSE
rr a ge
SSS
MAN
ee SN
Siar :
en
\i
=—
N
ARES AN vi
=>
AN
a
SUAS
AK
Black Sweet water’
eAAVARALAY
——
\ \
\
ra Ww \ \
es K\
————— Ent
= ———————S—S Oe ———————————— :
SSS eee er eA =
NAA
NAS
NY AA
AA)
*
—————
—
— 2.
—————
INN
ANINK
A |
WY
yet
SALA
NRA
WN
‘
t
—————
————
AAA
vahhy ‘'y
ZEB
i =
ae aaa ETT
eee canna
q{|
2
Ay:
(le
cme.
—_
ul
i}
Se
Of the
A
Sassen
\
\
JSechon
a
| ete
| \\
EAN
a
tt
10
Aug.
White Sweet water
-
A
»
f
Z
et
ia
e
4
Blaugly Delir
Seon! Jrith Soule
Plate Bi,
rpe Tuly 20.
South walt. a (
ia ;
(| TC hut i i
nih i9 a i We : Gp iil 2
Pe: lie iy inh ) ( We |
P . Ce | : ese <
fi | Hie ih pean Dy i 4 ; ii ; a Ml ae
r i il |
ai i mn | wm Hn Ue ; a
i
hie
“
rs l A ii
a il MY WA ha Ml Hy, r 3
x sil I f . i tie if ihe
eee | i il
Wel
“ 2 is it ay i ig ine
GR S 4 aa Hil i, I Han
A ee HE SM A Ke
A \ :
i Wie el
AY. ait Mt | | | " HA H mii
Set, 73 a) el an i i
| Mi * TT LN i
ih i : ye
ivi iit i
a ‘| ra " le
en in po 4 le
YG
|
. a a
isan
Ht wtp
Bayh Min Wy l
ee
or oe
=
—
x +t
ae OS ees
==
=
~* j
—
ae = -
ay SS Se ee
SS
——— ee
— a
a,
—
p=
(<} j
fink
——
st
————
(==
. ioe
——
F-
—_
(=
White Fig 2" Our).
| BLawley Detir:
ity
Mi
Hii
‘
a
eer il
sing
sea ce
> 2
wl
&
é f
al
a oe,
‘i
24
SSS
im
i
P. ‘ il i rat li
Ae ay .
ise a ath \
a
4 it ‘ ire ae : ms al
“ay
iy
ee sd
We u
i Na
GH a Nae ee na
tl ,
iA.
Li
fi
Pri)
|
i
y
i
hy it
Gh
i
ih
Ni ‘
Me
i ! q ( i cult
ae
a
ges: q i f
, oe
ig’:
3 Ces ¥ i 7 a
* ‘ Se, aS
of . Be WN
roth fs iy ? AR iN
Sia ‘ i
gs A < re SP
ee -' <e ax ~
le, sR
s a . AY
fo a 3 vt
A i
Z. i “ - N\
' Baths
s BAS \\
* * % 4 aN
‘ i = Wig N
Wy)
i
i
i
d :
. fi
a a
t »;
il
I
E
i
i
bit
Hl iy
ae
\
ie
‘a
Ca
WP
iM uy i ¥
HM ! Wi A
il il
yy ‘,
4
(il
Ly Nee
ia
gy.
— , =
ay wy KS
ee GS
; a Ww 4
BAR on”: s
\ 4
wa
N
Nee:
:
i
I SO
i | >
i il
Ha ih
i y
:
1
ie
NL il
ti
]
(0) i
”
in
it 2
ii a
in i
Sel
~
Xs ill
=)
‘ii
4 .
i
: i ne x c ( i
a
v ee vy
‘ i if y
se
val
ih me 2
ih
<
i
4
y é
"| }
i il iN }
i Ah |
~ i
ii
li i
. ae
| ‘
i
iN
« on
ey
i
Ni
will
li
i
\
it th) wll
Ly A \
‘i vl a
i . | p
Hi i i
il IR :
y
:
il i
( (is Dsl
Re
iw
%
@ - a
A OOK
‘Ctnunsd Jo poyjeyty Jonsh ay sav ponsy
SESTPESE Sry tE east en it APT ‘a “dl
v TeeTe Set eRetr ance geet } H mt :
Pols
eure
peoted -uoy ay (6 pooal niw2f 2u0 ~
BR FR eee... olf (ter it Annes cass
aiddy Jeo d- UON 742 0 Pool SIV4/y CUT PR Lape
wa ALIIGMY YOuld %Z
ef ¢-
Ad
SUTA 942 fo 200Yf sively 7/o7 PY Z 7
oo
~~
i
’
frist
4h)
Ss SSE}
SSS \ \\,
Scarlet Strawb
y? Oe
Le Olofpiom Aft. 1 \\
L727, | \\
\
.
\\
\
a \
jp. Haut-boy Strawberry
S PYfte ine, 1,07 27.
WM
co \
\\
Seater i | Str awbe rry,
fre Rayer to.
- 4/47»
_ Wood|| Strawberry .
= Lite to f
17 27, ,
Uys
Uh
if -
fF
Bec aan
White Holland or Dutch _ (7h
Gooselerry rYfte Lune2o, aa
frst
Amber Gooltberry ce ‘ ‘”
rfc Fit {20
figs=,
Yo
AI
é
XX
————
—
SS S SS
~ Se | ——— =<
a << SS
— : we, j
=)
i.
SS
a
5
'
pe eNtnal .
= ie a
‘ ‘ ‘
= 3 A
eae, i < m7
fi y j " Z se
Ce oes 3
x .
+
a
*
Wits
Awe A —— —
y g <i SY y/
ip -- @YS — Sia .
> fags = =
eS SS = = =——
4 me é
‘ ee: y
b 8S Wate Dutch
63% NS Currant cy
ee, a ae a eee ee
Amber Goolzberey 4 L: — pe BA Ke, Me
‘ber Gooleberny fi af ee
May trap, oe a ee
*
er a Sinsehicaiehaee’ . igen ei ae :
1 AR. Be ed vrs I a mae
: eee
*
Mie cetincad: ge oe cat oy aS 3
i
FPlate LVIL .
ET ee SE eS Pes) ae Oe OM The LS” ea
aH
Lhe
Hy)
4 WY
/ Mh |
Ni ( ul Ih
py) My j
a
}
CA hy HT
Day Ph
/}} j
ARON) Ye
“HS Ay 7]
TUM I
1 ey Ue) |! Y
fl yh, i Mie if
Wey
White Philbert.
Suly 25 mt7 27.
S *
‘% Wy
Black Mulberry
Sely LO 2727,
97°
foo seKatkins, and b hi allin
SR
f ‘ ei ens
Ri! A oe a ae
Sh 4 Le KD
+5 KE ens
hE
<< =
—_ a
= EE
=:
=
ea
Ee
——_
‘The Katkins,orfalfe Gers \\
: 4727: oe at ¥
—
™ “a r
Sa
—=S==S=.
4, — ~
4 SSN ‘
SS
>
»
————
— —
——s
ss
Z
—————
—=
—S
= SEE
q
at
a
nee
E_
4rench Wallaut -
72 -
Aes Sy
. i \ S
3 WHE 5
\ SS.) aay ‘A
Sn 2 sq Ve!
P ‘ 3 ys
— ‘i ] | f|
= Zr ! x is
AZ | a
7
Se)
. \
: P Ses ‘ "
ag 1"
3 ce, |
- . : ? pl w\ * .
/ re
i Tis.
bi *
EEEE®”—axus—sx
wi
ig nil
PUTNEY
CORR REELS EEL
HANVUNISIIA A
i WC
iN Hi i)
l
{} |
4, 238) }
———
——
Vi f i i
CCGA
: Pt
———
a
—
= SSS
——— =
i
\ \\ NU i
Bes “om
}
i)
————
———
+
t
u
a
——
<—
i
i\
\
t
fi
i
—
Lay,
i NH Ve
| Th Se
a | it
HTD
|
—>
——_j-———
————— Soe Uy Yj h
7, Uf Hf} i)
= Sy LY) Yi} Nl
a or ——— a YK \
es SSS f= “Vi, HH} j\
‘ = ee iif Y/ /} if
———___——_ —————— f Yi} Hy, ‘
: ————— YL y
Y, Vf i/
/ ] ff
/
TT
ANY
| | I
I | HHH TH HII
| | . Y{ H |
Hil i ' ih i
i WA S|
————>
——J
ii
Wl
Wt
i ji
1} hd
Ye aera al y yy Wis,
rem a YY
ees SS YIM
———————— Wy Vii
4 So se
— eee
: —————
————————
ae F
— 5 F
— SS p
—SS F
————
—————
<< t)
_—
———
———
-——
————
—
nd
——
9
———
4
| I :
| iy Small Engli{n
| : Wall ee
) ;
: x = =——
= ——————
— =.
)
Large English ee |
Ku BF) QQ2emve Fine Walnut |
is
ot TT ARR
Pee, RY
| VAI
© i
Entre Sept. 4
TBD 7 27-
Tay “ ag _
Nd
' Uj Y ]
1) 7
"
Ip
if
j Yo U 2
Oe a es
Jargonel
Lily 40.47
at . Y Yip % Luly i747 27
R Que en : ify R eS é 7 Ve
FE) y/ Yf f Y Y » j Fig. \ I.
Cathe rine
San, 7;
1
Green ;
A
f
eh
a
LA
f if
\" \ \\ \ i\ :
ce
AS \ \ \ he \
G
StSeas
St Michael
Ag 8. Neftwall
i
‘ LA My,
VAM
co Yf
q
Bowles Scuy.
SSS
Se
Rene
. se
>
ugar Vert
, tape Sept 10 YZ
47277.
Second Crop
fees © PP S-Oct 15797
py i: q : : : si
Wik
foe
Ui
se
Sed,
so
.
=
Ss)
a
ihe
Fee.
a
hy
<
SNS
Firft Crop
| kpe June.12
SS
_
~
SS
SN
=>, Oe
. SE
ENN
RSS
SS
SS
Se
Strip’d
: Vert longue a
XN , Ripe Sept, 10 1727)
HANA
tye
AA
ii
Ne
Se
-—
pane ne
Nay. ies
\ NS SS
\
.
ia
UY) Wd
Wi
~
iff
f
=
‘a,
Se
—_
SS
—s
if
i
Ls ==
—
£ ee
—S : =
=
x *
i
f
vs,
thy
wee gee
OS
.
Ly} =
SS rh
aS
SS
\y
Fg...”
Meffire Jean
SP. 10. £7. 4/-
SAAS
SRA
SSS
a
———
x"
iY
“NS
Se
io a
s
S
‘ .)
rN
‘\ \
\\)
a
5
oa
CAN
wt) Sy
SUPER
oe
nae
La Ge | ’
arate oh ; :
fe sate ae, ‘ . oe
| g re . * ‘ “as
gat, LAR : ,
hes ‘ . ‘ &
a Galeees i ree -% Ly
HYP, enenen. | | :
th Sota es | 3
ey ee | | ;
: : oe. -
i mae
¥
9
S
wih
: me
y
w
.
aN
Ae
sat
rh
% aNN
wy A
SN
*
wy
tet
Se
eas
RUSS
SRS
=
wt
.
i
ai
<
wy
AA
~
oe
)
aN
‘
AY
SANSA
.
ae os:
ww
AY)
SAAS
SAS
Noes
A
YY
Gus
“ty
it?
fy
PELLETS
j
i
; oh
YW
Ye ff My
oN
\
~~
Wt
Ake
Sek
a
=
*
+
x
‘)
4s
*
x
aN
\
ae,
x
A
\
\
ve
stk
ANS
SA
eat
x
‘
AA
Wa
a
rh)
Ay
y
AN
‘\
‘)
x)
ALyL
N\
‘
a Ay
. Leet
\
‘a
YY
ry
\)
+.
\i
. at
‘sg
ie
%
yi
Rao
x!
OAS
.
\
+
WY
SA
.
SS
‘
(7
2.2.
igs
Sige
it
i «4
{
4
“gas
Bib |
uy :
‘tee }
2 i
ag .
‘it
*
+,
‘
oh
=.
ne ed,
en
oth \ ut i iy
Ct
ial
\\
}
\j
i}
: =
SSS
Vy
«
—s
=
ii
|
Mi
}
*
SSRs
SSO
SS
SR)
—= ~
SSS
SS
=
LSS
a =
—— ¥
SSS
oe
Ie?
Ss
=
Sees
SSeS
ss
are a
Fold
ore
=
=~
SSS
Soo
—_
sc ie
SSS
=
——
ar
sa
oa
ae aie ae
ooo
SSS
~~ saa,
> ee
—
=
eos
tos
pes
~
~
SSRN
SSS
SSS
SS
~
SS
Se
Sooop
eee
SOO
Hate
SSS
SS
SRS
SRS
see «
‘
es
~-
oes
aT a af
Sage.
~~
SSS
.
4
‘
eey0f
Ae
ED
ates Ot
hs
ae ,
as,
——
XK)
X
‘hy
Sood
CAS.
iJ if}
Wy)
OY
NOOK IA
AX Key x
\ " < Ay) Y
KYO oi irainanon
(
Ut v
AXXKERA ONL A
YO :
Oi) LO
RIX LX RR Man
ISSAAKAX AYR) ies
Via Regt ey
A OYA Y xX i
XK, RANI }
XY pte iy
x)
Worn x ‘
YX
x's x x
0 i
ip}
LY
ae
Linh dy
<——
—
aoe
——
—
—
————
a
SS
pi aix
7,
Se. te
ae ig
se
———-
aa
See eee
2 ees
————
Miah Hii,
Wy:
SE
SS
ree
LG
LEY.
Naeat
as
Se
oe
sme ha
XS
|
a
~
sae
TST
ay bart
Lap APT STA
‘18 eae
‘ie
A ia
f tea
ose iY aC 7
~ 7 SS
BH: SS
AT ES NN
ein
* iS
Ae tts +
a zee R ee SS
SSS RSS
Avaueeeaeee eee
eee
SS
at —
—
SSeS
Se
ss
= =
Summer Bon - cretein
lug Zt a7
South Cadl Hall .
Dy
>,
er A
Lienesecee
PLLI
—
SSS
—
—S
bs ss SPOR
LEER,
=
=
SS
S==
——
——LSSEaSS-
SSS
eS
—>
——
—
—————
————
=—>
——S>
oh
*.
tH
at
;
tetas
SS
ne
———
Sart
ana Bie BEL py:
ze ae
rZ manly
LILA SY
naar e eee:
be TL
“ it; Dares.
SGP¢t.20.1727. 2
7 Vig PS
ae,
ea
OAS
:
ne
a
D
————
a
wage ter SE TTTE
a ee
IF dat
AFI
on
nee s
AES
Lt
Foieiioe
PLT ad,
ve0 ee
eZ
Ogee
+N
\
RTE
SS
SIL eae
PELE PLE LE?
ALLTEL E EE?
LP LF LOE PL PAT TA
XY
\
fee,
ifn,
Fy
7;
fa
enetivue
43
%
NI
+
oh
ac
roars
Seisen
———
5
Shes ee
7
eeu ee
niu
: Portugal pear quince
Nin Bloftom
har Appel 1727
FN. .
S* Germaine .
White
}Monfeur Jean.
Sept. 40.Dwarf,
dct.10. South wall.
=—-—
~
f | .
». :
&, >
BeziderySept 20
Fig: MH. . re
ri
br
At
il
=
—
—
SSS
———
=
> —
==
= ——~——
——
ae
th
el
cg
* < < Plate LXVIL. :
Tn, &
fi. Wi: My :
ii
‘
ly 5
Mi i ) i
yy
y
yy l Ht
“,
Uh
ZA
“
My,
Royal d'hyver
East wall
>
SS >=
—> ==
—
=
Le
a
Winter a
i
fi ip HL aif |
ff by Mh
Vf, I
My
\\
‘ \\\\ \
\\ SNS
A
S panifh
B on- cretien
Golden.
q B on = cr etien
4 i : Z F |
. SE Wall 2 oDeg: :
| Sepeso.
(\
\\\
AK We \
XY WY AY
Ay
Bye
eae
hind Danie.
Een by
bi Soa
.
LZ 2
EA
ges
Le
fey
\
aA
eee ererne
geet (ess,
lod os
7 te
%.
'e
7
<e
NY
\\
Rs x
Winter Bon: crefien i \
West wallet: 10.2727. ,
ne
Otte awereree®
.
*.
S
\
\
i
\\
‘
\
ANN
:
4
¥
J
g
74
5
aire
®,
; eras
eer
e, LTE AD
© Fata LAT Pe
aval te
PN LIRA:
ns tae
Z @,
Z
TEX
i?
Ye
YU,
Ly
Siete
#e,
sae:
“b, e
TE
Yi
) pa
iy YY LL DIT LAL Lig
Uy, Cee gaa
og
Z : :
ZA.
vara
Z eaciie
tags eee, Re
nasa ee aa ws gare
seleia erie eeaias
2 ee
rome
png
cea Sea z
or GEE #
7]
wen sala, eivag
—
ae
SS
—
——
==
SEZ
—-
<<
Ss
ante taees
SAS
+
2x
>
een
»
o sy
eet
Se
ROS % sy
SoAIOON
WSS
Se
K \
\
\
\
"4
‘
PE IRS
ao Oa orca
z =
i
wit
‘AN
a
SS
—S
i
Ni
ul
J
)
Xt
BRR ‘
OC OORS
RSS ESR
.
“ SOx)
ets
SOK IRIN
REARS
ORO
S
we)
AN
oa petseatte
x)
‘ U
:
\
\\
Ns
\
U
S
Te
Sees
OR
etsy
s
.,
oe,
Sa ,
RSS é
ROO Mad
AK
i *
0
‘9,
My
ARES x
Cay
‘ental
Banetnny,
CY
OYA
ath
‘ “shy or
iO
“
+585
wanes :
.
a
SSeS
\
\
\
‘
\\
SAS
S - SS
ESS SS
SSS Se
=a
\
\
<5
atte’ Set coe
tree’ D2 S> s
; essce- pss
=
ates
ay
oT. S Se
SOSSSOS
tw
=
--
See Ses
Se
= Pe
SSeS
SaaS
SS he
ee
=<,
Fn ne a
>t
eee
Sees pe
mae
Soe
Ses
SSS
SO
an
~~ S,
=
SOS
f
{
|
race:
so
a
i
S250
austere
=
(
|
HW
‘
Rozate Luly 20 ae
ae
hi
o 4
|
fl
Wy
a
feo
i \ \ Ni iy
vi \
Wey \
Nt
ny
Q
V4
ii
\
‘
| vi
i\ iM
\}
i
U
i
i>
Peete
1
* sf
walle
ATH
Summer Bon-
;cretiien ak ad
ett SALAS
‘ SSR
ks
Ss
*
SAR
So
id
ones
AG
FLEE ILUYS, i,
iii
gS
a
ii
PM
-
4
4
|
VY
FATS
ae
RS
=
Sco
SSR SA
SES ASS LSS
ie
gues
on
AAT
eet,
att
Y)
iss
—=
ye
ten)
Se
.
eS
Shs
San
..
A
aS
Oe)
AAR
RO?
\}
~~
*
Sort
Tete
See
Seek
ss
SS
= Na
“ie
VAS
ahs
AS.
ec
AS
x were
BON
it,
oH
<<
i
a
=:
=
as a
3
—
aa
=
i
esraia
f=
m8
La Chalserie
f 77,1.
: LEER»,
/
Yi
AN
Soe
- =—— a
: ——— ———————
SS ——
SSS
———
ct
Ss =
—= SS
===
== ——
_—
————
ts oe
Wy,
Lg
SS :
'\
\\
le
Wf) | 1), | My
(a,
hy
if We Wi)
4
“aus
»
aN
, WS:
. \
We Pi kering~Pear XY
| v9
or D" Udale s Hawen \
Fig. 1.
ALUN SSSI
LAN
ot : Sites
SOA os
WorreK SS CESS
SSS SSCS SERS SSS Soe
~ SSS SSeS ee
Sos
SS SS
SOAS Sek Sr.
Sy
& s SSR ANG :
&
NS
Y Y
AN OF :
\ e <a
IANS : ‘
AS
ARRAY
TS
\
we
NS \
Sh
A\ yj » Ay SN
AN \
= SS
SSS
ns a
=
=
ty
tit,
Se.
Goes
Boss
SoS Sesser
oe
te
%
issn
Sess
4)
faa:
a,
om
Zs
arm
wae
pa Oe
Vue
%
‘
2
he ee 2
ponec org
wees Soe 4
ee.
CLL
ete ree
HART
ae at
wee.
24
ea
be
68 6 a4e -
A voyigee,
be cae!
Wee,
eae
erate
<
Sesees
wate iste
Berewetsesrces
rs >
boos
25
ss
<
SSos
7
S55
S23
a
OSES
RE
AX
AN
oak
aN
So
OSSOSS
‘o.
sS
—<
=
SS
Sek <
Ss
LH
sant
\
as
We
N
¥
*
SN
yea’
xs
oe
Posed
4
bs
ee
=
SS
oS Soo De
SRS —
oo
SSSA SS.
=
ae
SSS
Se
a
<<
‘ ee
SS
SS
y
Na
yehe
wi
cee.
A)
its
ee
ae ene
zken
STUN
LARA Asa
NT hae
NN
N
eo vat Valens
Sew, ae
«
atk
st
etek
Nh
iy
th
NTT TENA
+
4
ee
nn
eae
cea
a.
oe
gitar
enero
-
TLL LAGY
Wt, ] Th
ME
i, Ve
Y F yy
<2
UY,
tN plug:
( Dacian
Maier Maite
pag pine
UM rif
MES
figs
ly
te.
Age,
Cs
5 eee Sa
<
ean
rt
eee
=
—
SER:
= Nis
Cadillac
Fig A.“
Ses =
=~
;
ae is - co aaa
;
4
:
if
Hh
Wy if
f
Hi f, ij
y
IM
;
7
ve i : |
20 Ds Ae) Reece i
sis te i
Woy " j
ths 4
mee
. ie
odes j
y ;
em oreo .
Lee ane eg ure fi
a
es
w Z : 4 .
j
SITES ,. a ", f ]
itnredhan su semtias oageieete i) '
seeceaw i. f PA Tis j y
PASM PEUMEE OM ng wes! Z LY s j Y i) - |
iit Z at i} i
eee og! ELA / A }) 4 j
ee - Y i } :
Ss: Andvew , i, i} , f
Fig TL ;
“1
;
Zh
wn
a
4h
a,
ei
es
of
a
iy
teieeass HH
secenstag
tate
Hi)
| LOTTA
Wi PERE
| 4
Hf
A *
==
jl
me Mf
Mh
|
:
—
———
—
—
——S
——
=
=S=
— =
LOE A aie
aww e ra
¢.
Maleat almaine
}
Fig VN.
}
Mt y :
in ef y fe .
H Mp
| il ;
WH HT :
Hii
#
| ape Seplio.r7 9g Cafewall ye | oS Bt cece,
| BeLeangtey, Dili cen Rei es ee
a <i diouam p ce ORR AM LF ee A ” -
ar
—— “
: SEAL SSE
? .s SERRE { ; ie
* . AN Se SS Mis. Rr EE : ‘
: v S35 =
ei. v SWSAaw O SSS :
' a> @ : : St BW AAT . SSS : : y
: SSN S ‘ LEE SRE SEES ARETE . ‘
. Y : SSSR : é : :
oS > SSS 8 S LESS : : SEV ~
4 we Seas ee Se ~ . x
? wy aS . Coe ard == SS = . .
; ‘ * = AANA . \ =< ‘
saul ‘ ‘ . . — AAAS . ‘ Ak x
N i ay AN Se) SSS ; NS R
SEAN \ SSS NS SSO : )
ALAA ALAA NSN. AN . ~ , eee ee SOR ANAS ‘
' ; NY Xs ANS SS . ; A a. SSS RIAN . RR §
"7 he . LTA)
S * : aN UNSER IN : SSS SSE SY : WY \
g . SE \' ; s SS SS
i SNS . wa \) eB) ‘ wy *
: ae att ‘Y &
ss A}
~ 4 *
YL ‘ SY jon Sy SS :
. \ *
\ S) «4 ayy Paeaeh
; ¥ SAS
4
AA
: : \ANAANAYAY
vit
i
aa a2
oer
a
|
|
if 7
i ) Yy
Wy ' : / Y
fj
ee
Ss
a a
—-
a eee
we
————
=
So
=
S
~
~
Ae,
Z
Eiae _
nese.
SE Lo ow,
——
———_
—————
——
—
——_
oe
=>
—
af psstth
Se
Ses
—s
—F
—————F
=
Se a
“ai yy
ye!
\
‘
\
\
ys
y)
Ss
-
————
—S—
————
\
\
\
RRS
\
\
a
ee
——
memes
a
———
=
\\
eee owns
ao gin:
253
My
ozo
———
os
————
h
\\
\y
» Medlar
==
=
&
2
eS
=
——
ss
ee
aa —<——
=—-
———
eee om
——
———s
/
/
fl
AME: ht: Hit
>
re,
Stas:
) ;
: WAI
ARK) : AY y
A, WOON Rt
Ky 444)
RY)
PSS oS OTe
Soecess toe
SS SI SS
Se os aos
Le, tere.
SSS SoS SS
SSoS< To eee
SSS SSS Se.
‘'
}
\ is
44 )
yy iH)
: i) uy V W
XARA) ‘
; Aw
‘
VAXY
iy KX
a
¢
f hy
=
SS es
=
IAL) M4
AUN VA
ih Hit Ht
iit
Hy)
—s
<=
, WY
f PAP
f
! i,
Wee
)
=.
OV Aa
MUR
BA
OY | /
BK A
OM A
, A
-.
“=,
—.
0
i) x)
4 \)
Mi 0
Val
' an
eg:
eos
regret!
ane.
LAN oh
ag
Ss
EN LORS
RAN AS hy
CO BAe
SUA ANY ANS ?
SRNR ON
RRR
Ah AN AN
WN : W\) ANS \ ;
sh)
‘
Sap
a
Lis
cs
NAN
“ONY WS
is ws
< NY \\
fe Me
Seow wed eee
Swear
Pe EA
ra
miata.
Pre
wae
- et a
oa mw aie a te ee
OOS as fea ew me
ed LRT digs
awa re
.
2%,
‘ Kirton Pippin . Zz. 30.
ANE ihe ¢ gueateigs se
o2
rod
awn
hae =
a
=.
>3 2
= pe
possces bez
Sarees =
eas
Sees Ae
cesses
ss
pp
AN
\
\\
\'
\
{) NY ;
eet
erafi
4
‘\
Wy
<<
a
=
|
P23
<5
\
,
SER
SN
22)
=
<5
*
pyle”
~S><
;
HDG
An
JAG
ah iti
A
STN
< : mM
~ SSS
WANS
Vs
x ~
WN
ARNT
TN
a
'
‘t ‘
WAM
THES
ee An
BS SS |
Wem ees
ogee, 4
eS: a a
ag al aw ah
ne be gee err
ons titeree
ies
=="
=== =
—
\\
a
,
'
SS
: =
—
SS
SS
eee Za
WSs
Corpendue Rennet
Z
Q
|
f
I,
Los YY | / y
ee
peo
A
ae
\
Wer
arwrithess ods
fi
HE
ae
Ban oe ae
a ee
Sat hw eae
Sty
N
‘
ahh
aN
V
AYSSS)
=
AXA
SENN
WN
RAMAN
é AY
\
SN
YY
UY Y
gt ght,
A
4
yy
itt 4,
17h, he
Shh
Yi
ie
CHIT
Aight fs
Yi
Sf, /
Y,
TT te
tH fog
hey. SALAH
carn
aie
ti
4.
PS
HT]
oY
Py
ae
tH Ht
fof,
tH
A err
a ae ae
Of] 2
oe, H
seg te aH
Ly « a4,
Sense
Lf}
IPL ELL IAP Pa
GRE
ey eesig lt
- CLA!
Fy)
0 ee
aw
an:
WS
Dp
Pe
. A
~~
soe
a
aX : -
aa SO ee on
AE oa RE
LALLY PAA ae oa an
wa oo
‘=
er
-———
— 3
SS
=
——
\
anew
ewan
Mie
SN)
int
\\
maa
LEAP EBL
POP LL ee
era
salam magn
eee
———
OPTI ge
ME, CR end
LE PLL PL a:
‘ae
ae
we
Sekt \
er th
OES ITD
ms wrens,
%: fae wn mie
Lg 6 HB De
7
ft
“x
=
AYA
WAS sin
hh . ANY
CY WY AS S
WARK ARAS AAA * ANAS
WAAAY ‘
s} NAYS AN ‘
SAN
a
‘ a ae ae
5" aes
Sl eseesae hea
SOS S ie PIP ig
Sos at
rem =
ewan
as Wetesess
ea, nea
ee =<
a
\S
lerufalem Apple
ww ar
Mit ae
our. ~
ame
eee we
ee Sms =n
——S
y,
LD
atit
oe Tema Sem
os ae rw ge ae :
oe ALS, —— sa >
* ey . gw
— — Z
= =
SSS
> nd
———
3
Owen ge
ee Ae
awed te Ceri
oom aes
ate. aes
eas anal
Phe?
LER E,
<e
ST,
——
ee =
——
ee
Se I é
——————
t
he
Se
=A
=
aN
AX We
jrewe
LI Zp
ie
5"
Z
are
vara,
ae
2,
AAS
RNS
\)
Mm
=
eS ftone_
44h
AALY
yf
My
J a)
j /
PA)
¥ df
SY
ae
eee) bo
FESS
See OO
See
Se
euseveen
ANALY BRBAUAAR Cae
AUyAUE sa
\SURAVRN BAS
HTL
my AO
BALERS
SENS
ae et
—_
_ Royal Wilding
Fip.\.
Rh
y
Yi ff
RA
WANS
A
SENS
ack
bs
AMRSE LSS
PR
ST
Rath
NY
NY
LA SAS
AS =
AS
Ni
ws
<
aX
‘\
SY
AAS
SOAS
wi
NY
AN
Ni
et
ah
|
wy
a
L.7 >ae
en
Uy
if
+)
® RY
NY
SAY
SAAN
cata
&
‘
i)
\k
hn
moe
-,
PIES SAA
phat,
af,
Me
mS)
wr
VAs
}
%
SEALs
Ditty
FFT)
22 f
¢
Pippin. 7. IL.
IS wv
g
ZH F
Bei) ALE
4,
HEE
feG4
sae:
Hh
Lee
AS nt:
Se
We Se
A
y
eS
.
=
PO
+
rae
~
WSS
.:
ateeeye
ARRAS,
Y Wena
okey
re
KEY
Brerenns
mene et:
AN
RLVee LA a
Bas AN
RRRUANWANY
SY
gl tegen
if Velie
HH
SERN
INGER BORE ES
; ig 2
2 Serta
hs SStopeec ite
OSs
4,
Hi 4,
4)
“
TTT
19),
TP
diy
Z bit
HAA
aA
LA
DUALLY
Spieeeiteied
y ]
fire f
a
Looe
+ | SASS BN Meee
beset Soeeeee SS
Hd
PS |
Hits,
2
Wy)
Hy
Ms
WE!
VALLES
MELT,
Rte Hy]
“i
f
U
i
SSS
oo
4hgh
Ae
SS
=
SS el
SARA We
Hy
ii
AW
iy r)
ff
‘3
Yi
Lf ,
Nh
,
y
Hite
LEE UST HH
J
of
O
Hy
f
Ss
s
HD
AAA
SS
=
Seas
LSS.5 5
=
~
~
hs
~
BINT
a:
Scoes
SSoSes
aS
~
a ate
ig 0 tig a mae a
oe,
‘2
if PTT a
Pe
PL bee
nat
a
ee
=
“e
SatSy
Wa
WAY
ee
ie
Ba == esc
toe eeaeee,
LPT
aN
ta:
ANY
\
x
SLAY
*
Se
\
\
\
At
SAY .
AAANY ARN ‘' \. x LY Ws
AAV AS at
ASA A VAARMAARATR SA
RRR
A AAA VARY
“ ah AUVRABARASES VRS
ht NAAR NYY
SERRE \\
NAAR
* Sa & \
+ ~~
4 PH . PN
RUNS NTS wh S \
SA it Ths ‘
SS ih PN t
SENERUTRRSURRERRY STRARNERE PAMANE
SSS
=
‘
halt
aut
ASN
PSs
.
wth
“ SUS
+t = i.
SS
SE
SS
if?
Les
-,
eZ
ee en eee,
SS
WY
i
*:
oa mI
LTT,
oma!
.}
hh
th
a
ae.
fia
ae
ue
Ci
a
Lif
LIA
a #
a
a aa
et
Ser
temee ed
ry
tan e
+
it
S
‘
&,
tae
N
NS
MN
SS
Ss
NY
:
Lite
edged
LIVI SSF PT
Le
, F
ne. Sm,
aes
eH
e,
a
LIFE
S
s,
y
Ny
.
Lind dit
LOD ES,
gene iat.
Sea
- Pickerings
>.Pearmain —
i>
i}
Hy
Hp
th
Wh Hy
HA
PRY
%
a
1)
My
AAR)
Wik
WAY
4
Y :
‘
Sh Sa
ARN Ses
SSS
f
=
SSS
oo35
AY
AVY
WANA
AMSA
x
-,
on
=
Ste rl
en
~ SSeS
ee
NSS ee
er TB) eons
atten xr
\
AANA
t)
A
ti
Cosme ere
ert
Lh
Samara
cae:
SSoes!
Ss
SSS Reo
Seno
SSeS
=)
Dp
fy)
hy
iy,
Wy
hi
OAL
Wi iiy
ae
4
fe,
S
=
—-
=
y
y
é
=
Se
SSS
——
Z
f
0
J,
Se lh et
22 *e Seep
ae
SSeS
——
:
NaN
'
‘
yiht
t
‘
i
pers
eo rae
SAP Saree
er<os
Se.
le
i ee ee
SF
ee.
me
oS
>
<3
'
4
Alte
at
‘ it
iy
NTN
+
Geist
NN Hy,
wit
~
penesiié
Hitt
Sos ots
=
Ses ees
22S
Dos oes soe
SSS oS ee
0 =
'
ett
:
te
LiL
BAW) ¥
i
a
au
‘net
‘
¢
*
4
i,
/ i ‘
#4
i»
ye
sired!
24
ae
‘
it
4
i)
oe.
fi
hf
5¥
GHUVY)
ee
f ally Dy /
ee sii
\
LYST Y bo6
\)
UME AY
Wf Yj N
Sot a ogee Cato eit
\
.
\
\\
\\
»
ap:
wif
I
1g,
Super.
> Ceeleftial
f
<4);
t)
VAG ee
<CBk ass
yf
f
A
.
fx
.
Ju
ne Apple
Pc
_ ° PladeTXXVIM.
= Holiand 4
Pippin
————
— “s
S
—
—
=
—
—S —
———
SSS =
—
FoM.
KentifhRennet
‘>
SSS
SS
——————
———
AQ
Non Pariel . 77g IIL.” :
aii
: SERA.
Nit,
A
Ai hh
| \\" \ i\ N
i yt \
Golden Pippin 747.V.
*
- Kentith Pip
LigNy ell.
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11