Be
; BOTA Jc £96
Kew, ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. ESL
BULLETIN
or
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
cj 1896.
Mo. Bot. Garden,
QOO
1997.
LONDON:
PRINTED cher HER MAJESTY'S NR OFFICE,
EYRE AND SPOTTISWOOD
PRINTERS P THE QUEEN'S MOST wxcuttue "MAJESTY.
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EYRE AND he on WOODE, East HARDING STREET, n DU E.C., and
BINGDON STREET, WESTMINSTER, 'S.W.;
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HODGES, FIGGIS, k rt LIMITED, 104, GRAFTON pee DUBLIN.
e 1896.
Price Three Shillings.
CONTENT SUX
Date. Article. Subject. | Page.
896. é |
January CCCCXCIY. | Root :Diseasés»caused by Fungi (with 1
late).
i CCCCXCVY. Great Frost of LL - - - 5
» CCCXCVI. | Leppett Tea - wo ai I
» CCCCXCVII. To "A Kerenor: XXIII.-XXV. -| 16
» CCCCXCVIIT ve Mesi = ecce XL -1 36
» CCXC Miscellan z .1-98
"X — February D. Cold Sto torage of Fruit. -1 88
» DI. Decades Kewenses: XXVI. -XXVIT. - | 86
td DIL. Dominica a ee
" DIII. New Orchids : -| 44
$ DIV. Two African ^ ies (Holarrhens 47
africana and i Pss ebr rifug a).
» Dv. Natural Sugar i - 49
"t DVI. Miscellaneous Notte - - -| 55
Mar. and April DVII. Botany of Form 65
5 DVIII. New Rivé fod ry de Lagos " (con- 76
tinu se RS Mais ickria D )
* DIX, <i
» DX. Botanical Enterprise in Bast Africa -| 80
we DXI. Myrrh and Bdelli -| 86
ys DXIL Miscellaneous Noto - - -1
May and June DXIII Botanical Enterprise in British Honduras FI
" DXIY. Sugar-cane Disease in British. 106
DXV. í— of Coniferze grown in the Royal 108
rden
s DXVI. aem: Fodder Grasses — - | TI5
š DXVII n British Central Africa 118
i DXVIII. Sisal Cultivatio on in the Turks and Caicos 119
Is
5 DXIX. e Tree of Kum-Bam - - 0] IH
i DXX Miscellaneous Not - - | 122
July ard Aug DXXI. Riera aeg and Salt-bushes - - | 129
» DXXII. iers - = | 149
DXXIII. Wild Coffee i = British Central —— - | 143
» DXXIV. South Nyasalan - 144
5 DXXV. aneous Notes - - -|147
Sept. and Cet XXVI. White Tea of Persia crm cues 157
» XXVII. Decades Kewenses IIL.- - | 158
» DXXVIII. New Seedling Sugar eane i in Queensland 167
‘ XXIX. Cultivation of India-rubber in Ass 71
» DXXX. erman ~ ragged in A Teal Africa. and 174
the Pac
» DXXXI. Misedisiéeus Notes - - | 185
Ss.
Date. Article. Subject. | Page.
1896. |
November DXXXII. Highland Coffee of Sierra Leone (Coffea 189
stenophylla), with plate |
» DXXXIII. Exploration of i ng aronga Mon - | I91
5 DXXXIV. >ya E a 193
] DXXXV. iei | 204
» VI. Flora w Tibet - | 207
» DXXXVII. Cedar-tree of Mount Mlanje (Widdring- | 216
tonia Whytei |
» DXXXVIII. Miscellaneous Notes - | 217
December DXXXIX. A Retrospect, 1887-96 - - | 225
» DXL. Miscellaneous Notes - - | 233
INDEX To Kew BULLETIN, 1887-1896. |
Appendix I. - -— List of seeds of hardy herbaceous plants | 1
and of trees and shrubs. |
p- Ii- — New garden plants of the year 1895 | M
» M- E Botanical Departments at home and | 55
abroad.
: JGS- cus — UL 9 EOS
exe, :
SF
da, Massee.
1ciper
.
Ros ellinia rad
Wyman & Sons, Lith, 78/9, /2. 95.
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
No. 109.] JANUARY. [1896.
CCCCXCIV.—ROOT DISEASES CAUSED BY FU NGI.
Amongst the numerous root diseases of various plants cuted by
parasitic fungi, none are better known, or extending over a greater area
than the Pourridié of the French, which occurs in France, Italy,
tiere, Austria, South-West ‘Germany, and has recently been
ecorded from three widely separated localities in Britain. The
fangs causing this disease is called Dematophora necatriv, Hartig,
which frequently devastates vineyards and orchards; its —À Ar how:
ever, are unfortunately not confined to vines and fruit trees ;
beans, beet, &c., are also destroyed, and Hartig states me the raliis
soon ills young maples, oaks, beeches, pines, and spru
mycelium first attacks and kills the youngest rüodeh and then
enters into the Ar branches of the root, in which it rapidly spreads
ilar network of slender strands; finally bursting
through the cortex and enveloping the roots in a snow-white, fluffy
mycelium, here and there, running into slender cord-like strands,
which traverse the soil, and by this means — rom one tree to
another. At a later stage of development, numerous minute, black
€ one of mycelium or sclerotia are Sarees in the cortex of the
roots, from each of these spring several slender spines, each of which
bears an inin crop of conidia or reproductive bodies at its tip. In
addition to the re mycelium, a very characteristic pale brown or
ed o
olive mycelium is also present on the surface of the roots, form
septate or jointed t threads of variable thickness, n: pear-shaped
rte eiat x intervals; these swollen portions finally become free by the
e of the intermediate portions of the myeelium, and form
bodies ccm of germinating and giving origin to a new crop of myce-
lium. Under certain conditions some - the Scito instead of p
ducing the spine-like bodies bearin nidia, become converted into
hollow spheres or — —Ó in i shaik interior numerous minute
reproductive bodies or stylospores which germinate at once and pro-
duce new plants. Finally, the highest, or ascigerous form of fruit is
rare, and only dev ae “we old trunks that have been dead and decayed
for a long a Up to the present the last-mentioned form of fruit has
only been t with i in omm nce, and its structure is such that the fungus
proves to alos to the T'uberacei or truffle family.
u 90349. 1875—1/96. Wt.308. E.&S. A
2
glom ala, an allied, but much rarer fungus, with a similar
destructive habit, hitherto observed only in France, is cae with attacking
lants growing in loose sandy soil, where the subsoil is w
ring e
by the Royal Hortieultural Society e Mr. Hooper, Cambridge,
w Zeal ini
penetrated the place he fu r eside became
infected, the fungus penetrating the tree and ultimately killing it. ‘This
material was forwar ew for investigation. Sterile mycelium
alone was present, whi t in every detail with that of
Dematophora necatrix, and the fungus was provisionally referred to
that ie see i J
Horticultural Society. (xix., part I., 28). The following account will
give an idea of-the injury caused by this fungus, as observed by Mr.
d, New Zealand* ;—
very subject to its attacks, as well as a great many Abies, and several of
the native trees and plants. It also attacks the cabbage, the potato,
: docks, sorrel, fern, and in fact is almost omnivorous, which is a marked
peculiarity. e only plants I have ever known to resist it are the
-resinous Dd and roses; the former suffer at first, and the meres turn
yellow, but they ulti timately recover, an never knew one to
succu umb, whereas the contrary is the case with all mig plants
k
“Tn had es of whitethorn, where roses have been planted at intervals,
the thorns are e d and the roses remain intact and quite uninjured.
: dam b T
ProfessorKirk, of Wellington, says it is Lycoperdon gemmatum, Batsch.,
and that * tar water” is a certain cure. The last statement is assuredly
-an error, and I think the first is also. For a t many years I have
-endea eak in vain to procure the fruit of this fungus, using all the
means that ested themselves to me, without any success. "I have
there is no root fungus, and I have seen a very great many orchards, and
watched several closely where PESA of trees are stele and could
* Journ. Mycol, Vol. v., p. 199.
3
(in the North Island plo All my experiments with sulphur and
d. Ker has
lime have faile gail used in winter has alone been of any use,
and that has been u lj m n winter without killing the trees. The
fungi of New Zealand are ie an on, an pers destructive, but this is the
worst, aoe particularly as it is confined t to dry soils. ere I am now
v ithi ears, an a
ai
oidium of the vine are terrible pests in New Zealand, and the ies
ve more to fear from fungus growths than insect pests.”
As previously stated, the material received from New Zealand
"was, in the first instance, referred to Dematophora necatriz. Further
development of the fungus, and the receipt of additional fruiting
specimens from the same country, showed that this was a mistake,
neither does the fungus belong to any known species. It will,
therefore, be described as new, under the name Rosellinia radiciperda.
On arrival, the diseased roots and infected soil were permeated
‘square and six inches cw were filled to within an inch of the top
with sterilized leaf-m A thin layer of the infected soil was
kled NET Ede Pha cs a
) ont
- the root of an * Orange Pippin " apple tree ne trust into the soil
of one box, and two beec — ngs planted in "ibo 6 er. nally the
boxes were covered with 8 to prevent Wein from floating
“spores of fungi, kept damp, at placed at the foot of a wall having an
eastern aspect, "where they remained from June till the end of August.
t 3
zi
e
microseo: e strands of mycelium showed pear-shaped
swellings at intervals—hitherto considered as characteristic Dt. raris
a necatriv—represented on the plate, fig. 7. Viala states that in
D. necatriz these swollen oce ually become globose and free, if
the mycelium is kept very wet, and form reproductive E AUS:
spores— capable of germinating and producing new mycelium. Iw
not successful in producing this result xd the mycelium of the New
fungus, although presumably, fro bia peg this failure may
‘be due to a lack of some essential factor. T. a still later stage, numerous
minute sclerotia burst through the cortex of the roots, which i in course
of time bore clusters of erect stems, each eomposed of a fasciele of
parallel arem which bear conidia at their much-branched tips, as
represented in figs. 8, 9, 10. Scattered at intervals amongst the
sclerotia were minute black bodies, which proved to be a on form of
fruit, known as pycnidia, and containing minute spore-li
stylospores—in their interior, (figs. 11, 12). The stylospores germinated
and produced a delicate mycelium within twenty-four hours when sown in
ure water. The sameis true of the conidia previously mentioned. The
highest or wget condition of fruit was not produced on the roots,
owing bises o their disintegrated condition, a more durable matrix
being essential for de development. During t the period of this inves- `
l of New
S. as received P Kew, 2nd MEA
umber was a species of Ros Realna ti marked “at the base of a fallen
u decayed apple tree.” Carefu : examination of this anin revealed
A 2
4
the presence of sclerotia bearing conidia identical with those of the
metior
garding the boxes pedeiously mentioned it is only necessary to state
that the mycelium spread through t € = af-mould, and also attacked the
apple tree root and the seedlin e
At the close of the experiments, a all the material, with the exception of
microscopic preparations, was carefully destroyed by burning.
PREvENTIVE MEASURES.
Notwithstanding the fact that the New Zealand fungus proves to be
distinct from the Éuropean root fungus, yet the general habit, mode of
attack, and strueture of the two are so similar, that the same methods of i
—Ó— ing the disease will apply to both.
to the habit of the fungus in penetrating and spreading in the
eile’ sane of the root of its victim, cu actically outside the
u elium ;
a
of the disease, no efforts should be spared in the way o et enting such
meling, when the presence of the fungus is once detect
Undoubtedly the most frequent and rapid mode of AOE is by
n i ood method o
into the diseased portion, and not outside it. This method, which was
first suggested hy Hartig, for the purpose of preventing the spread of
terranean fungi in the German forests, cannot be too strongly com-
trees, and especially stumps and roots, should be at once destroyed by
burning. The soil surrounding rae npe should be burned after
the eue have been removod, so as estroy the smaller diseased
s of the root that remained behind.
eme preventive method, which has proved of service in pesas
is to lay bare the trunk as far below the surface of the soil as can be
done without injury to the tree, and to densely coat the exposed die:
and adjoining soil with powdered sulphur. "This should be repeated
when the channel round the trunk becomes filled up with earth. If, as
stated by Mr. Wight, the New Zealand fungus first attacks the trunk
just below the surface of the soil; this method should prove beneficial
if persevered with
tagnant water should n = allowed to remain in the soil, as this
favours the ee of the
n those cases ae ue fungus has completely devastated
large aei it is probable that such will be deserted as sci prse the
trees being allowed to lie and rot, and the fungus to spread in the svil.
This is disastrous, being in fact a — for the doveli and
5
diffusion of the enemy. It is not the object of this note to suggest
ose business it is to prevent such shortsightedness, but to impress
emphatically that such a condition of things should not be tolerated.
Gro. MASSEE.
Description of the Ficurss, all of which illustrate Rosellinia
radiciperda.
Fig. 1, p condition of the fungus, showing the perthecia
natural si
Fig. 2, -perithocia, enlarged.
Fig. 3, section of same, showing the wall to consist of two separate
layers, enlarge
Fig. 4, ascus containing spores, sag paraphyses, x
g. 5, tip of ascus after treatment with a solution of i iodine, showing
the arrangement for effecting the ican or dehiscence of the ascus for
the escape of the spores, : 400.
Fig. 7, brown myodicm with iR at inter x
Fi k otium i e cortex of d | root, from
which springs several slender branch ing conidia, x 5
Fig. 9, a single thread composing the branches, ponat aud bearing
conidia at the tip, x 400.
ig. 10, free conidia,
Fig. 11, a pyeni idium spri nging from the olive mycelium, enlarged.
Fig. 12, stylospores or reproductive bodies produced in the interior of
the pyenidia, x 400.
CCOCXCV.—GREAT FROST OF 1895.
The effects of a severe frost on a garden ot be estimated im
mediately. Species which at first sight seem ferentis sped: recover
i w growth from
will iie ie miis a large collection a severe winter S
subsequent surprises ants which ought to be tender prove
u
plants have experienced in the p ing summer e wood
has been well ripened they will stand an amount of cold which under
other circumstances would be fatal.
At the end of the summer succeeding a severe winter it is possible to
estimate the mischief which has occurred. This has now been done at
Kew, and the following notes give the results. The labour of compiling
a list showing the effects of the frost on individual species would have
been greater than any useful result which could have been derived from
it. A brief review has only therefore been attempted in general terms,
6
The period of severe cold began on January 26, when the minimunr
temperature tert in the screen fell below freezing point and never
rose above it till February 22.
pets this teaches a series of extremely low minimum temperatures.
23, 15°; January 29, 10°;
b 5
ect
ae
ae
z
ge
=
Qu
5
E
B
RE
8
An extreme minimum seems usually to occur every winter between
Christmas and the iy part e February. The erem of 1895
desirable to check the performance of the gotrmmonté used by com-.
parison with the observations taken at the Kew hsec sii (Rich-
mond), which is nine i in the Old Deer Park and to the south-west o
the Royal Garden ots
Mr. Chree, the superintendent, was so good as to us out the
at the Ke i
y ns,
series are fairly accordant, Mehl for the later years
Lowest Rrapincs from Mistuum THERMOMETER on GRass.
] ; j rvatorv Royal
Year. Date. Obse: t a d Gardens.
? Fahr. ? Fahr
1888 - - - | February 2 - - 14:1
1889 m m » 13 = 8:8 2
1830 - - -| December 23 - - * 4
1891 - - -| January 10 xc. 9 8
1892 - - - | December 27 - - 9 9
(Feb. 17,6:5).
1893 - - -| January 5 - - 7 7
i i = 3 » x : 1l 11
1895 - - -| February 8 ss 0 2
| (Feb. 7, 1)
|
From the gardening point of view the effect of the proca low
temperature would operate in two ways. Trees and woody plants-
generally would be liable to be killed nei the freezing of their stems and
branc! But these and he have also:
to encounter the effects of the pers eezing of the ground sur-
roundi e subsoil of Kew is for the most D
8 y coherent sand, which retains little moisture. , however,
frozen throughout to a depth, in one case under el path, of
under grass the frost penetrated much less, probably only
ave 20 inches. The fate of the ense and valuable
was a matter of the greatest anxiety. On the whole, thoi all must
certainly have been frozen, the loss was less than might have
The destruction of Alpine plants by cold at first Poi soir oe
doxical. But it must be remembered that in ice i
arm, bya — and warm investment of snow, which they Birk
n E
Besides the fate of the collections in the open air, the supply of water
to those under glass, of which there are 2j acres, was an even.
7
aot matter of anxiety. The Royal Gardens an a possess
their own waterworks, which are supplied directly from t Thames.
The use of this water for drinking purposes is, however, probe ted by
law. e drinking fountains, official residences an those beiongin
to the Crown, ineluding Kew Palace, are therefore supplied by tbe
wark and Vauxhall Com any. On February 6 the supply from
i ill Apri owi
©
ta
B
83
L4
w
&
.
:
©
Ld
E
c
©
5
—
E
©
4
e
BE
©
y rish.
Tti is entirely due to the indefatigable exertions made by Mr. J in
Allen, the resident assistant clerk of the works, that a similar disas
did not befall the water service of the Royal Gardens. The mains, "of
which there are some miles, extend to the high level reservoir in
Richmond Park. By the continuous use of steam power the water in
these was kept in motion, and in no single case did it freeze. By the
aid of the official fire brigade the cisterns of the residences were kept
filled, the consumers being ti that the water must be boiled before
being used for drinking purpose
Bulbs, &c.—The spring of 1895 will long be remembered as a par-
ticularly fatal one to many kinds of bulbs. All the narcissi of the
Tazetta section were killed, and even some of the trumpet daffodils
ffered a good deal; maximus, for instance, was qui uite killed, and
this beautiful form fared no better in a fares bulb-growing establishment.
in the neighbourhood. hen taking up the: ripened narcissus bulbs it
was noticed that their quality was below the average; this was, doubt-
new ones had to be formed where the bulbs were so actually rigid
blue ones. ose in nursery beds, ted arty in the previous Sai
mber, were quite datio vod, whilst ge bulbs planted under similar
conditions six weeks or two months later survived. Hitherto winter
covering for hyacinth beds had not been found to be of advantage at
Kew ; but in such winters as that of 1894—5 it is necessary. The
type, Hyacinthus orientalis, was nearly all killed in the border.
Irids.— Many of the Oncocyclus group were iu the rhizomes
roving to be quite rotten when examined after he frost t had gone.
Li
repianung. Iris rencitara stood without any shelter and flowered:
e outright; others were badly i injure : Crool vici for VNDE.
i emselves; all the-
Janey as in previous years,
erbaceous ts.—Lack p spac ades it eile to give a
detailed statement of the losses incurred, but a few comparisons may
well be mention ned, Rene wallichiana (a fine lot of vy n a
Gyni argenteum, was killed in the ae ug on p* open
lawns in many places the plants, although much injured, survived and
8
flowered. The same remarks apply to the New Zealand Arundo con-
o
ef the winter as well as many ees eet in more southern latitudes
with a warmer climate than Our native thyme, Thymus
Serpyllum, was nif be and did not Pb again from the bare branches
until late in cst sea as octopetala behaved in a si i
. purpurea, ander exactly similar bitte came through the ordeal
The
unscath The collection of prim in pots in a cold frame withstood
e winter successfully (better than dy did that of 1893-4); there
were ver eaths, and these were parapi not due to cold. On the
plants, grown in pots in cold frames “for exhibition when in flower in
the eae House, succumbed. Kniphofias, even where well sheltered
leaves, suffered a good deal in some spots ; in others they were
grown on for forming a turf in shady places where grass does not
thrive, was all killed, whilst old masses which had not been transplanted
were but slightly injured. Many of the cacti grown in a cold frame in
the herbaceous ground were killed ; amongst “these m may be mentioned
Opuntia brachyarthra, O. aurantiaca, O. imbricata, Echinocactus
Wislizent, Cereus cirrhifer us, &c.
Vries e baal which usually suffers every winter at
ew, was scarcely affected by the frost of February. P. tuberculata
Hn jen ver. Pinus
n from the buried part of the stem. The cypresses which have
sin succumbed are C torulosa aud C. glauca; C. sempervirens and
C. macrocarpa have been badly injured. The Golden Retinosporas
have lost many small branches, whilst the ones with green, silvery, or
glaucous foliage remain untouched.
le, even shrubs cuc regarded as perfectly
hardy, which had been transplanted the previo tumn, were mu
cut "S wá en rost, whilst the same species "ERR d b
re ch less affected lants of many species were
killed, whereas older ones o: s species were only badly injured
Examples are Azalea rhombica, Daphniphyllum, varieg -
ggih] nd Rhamnus Alat va exactly the
tt.
ened; as, for ie came Berberis Darwini and Bac € is
no again, whereas smaller ones broke freely. le eges a ‘a
were quite killed A young plants Halimodendron ar gente died; bo e
killed e i apud a wall.
Piata rie pisii afford some curious results. The common Ling,
. Calluna vulgaris, and some of its varieties suffered so much that they
have had to be destroyed. 'The only Ericas which were killed outright =
E. — — E. codonodes, and some of the varieties of E. cinerea.
9
‘Old plants of the Cornish meh e vagans,and of E. cinerea were
crippled beyond recovery. icta was damaged, but has since
quite recovered. A large mitis of Azalea indica, raised from seed
on the whole young plants have stood better than the ex ones,
New Zealand shrubs have suffered muc n fact Plagianthus
Lyalli is. perhaps the only one — has entirely esca P. betuli-
nus, in the open, was t killed, and P. pulchellus, against a wall,
was aule to the ground. Most of he shrubby Veronicas were badly
Rubu australis was killed against a wall. rge beds of
this is sated the only Mexican flowering shrub which can fairly be
called hardy in the neighbourhood of London. Of Ceanot
cuneatus is the only one at Kew which is absolutely untouched. The
following species were completely killed, even against a wall: C. papil-
un
Q
-x
Q
-—
H
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Q
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1
s
É
=
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4n y
e»
e
m
e
et
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—
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o
but they broke freely and have flowered abundantly. Some of the
younger stock were also slightly eut back although they were protected
by dry leaves and spruce branches. A covering ‘of dry leaves kept from
being blown away by spruce or cedar branches is the most effective
winter protection for young or tender shrubs.
The only _ Escallonia is E. philippiana, which we never attempt
to sheiter at the other species, in spite of proteetion, were
y injured ; "ES few were killed outright, olhers have since freely
broken from the ground level Other South American plants which
have suffered are the Azaras; the only one imer has escaped in the
open (where it was cut to the ground) i is A, microphylla.
Of all the species of Cistus only one can be depended upon near
London, viz., C. laurifolius, which passed through de winter unscathed,
all the others being killed in the open. The shrubby Helianthemums,
such as 4. aly yssoides, H. formosum, &e., have mostly managed to
survive
oryTogein himalayana is alive against a wall, but has pd in
the open; the other species of Corylopsis have not been inju
way. ne Chinese member of the witch hazel family has pato tiated
in the open, Loropetalum chinensis ; this makes a pretty cool-house
bush, but it is useless trying to cultivate it in the outside garden.
Of Californian shrubs all the young plants of the following have been
killed in the open :— Carpentaria californica, Fremontia californica,
and Garrya elliptica,
Of the holly family there is not much to be Stated. None of the forms
of Ilex Aquifolium seem to have suffered, but the Chinese e cornuta was
badly eut m is now, pie rapidly recovering); the Himalayan
I. dipyrena injured in a less degree, and the South Unite States
10
I. Dahoon was quite killed. ue crenata, like so many Japanese plants,
has again proved its hardines
In previous severe frosts a t Ke ew, Laurustinus, Arbutus and the Bay,
(Laurus nobilis) have been killed wholesale. This year they escaped,
notwithstandin wn eem eines e a greater degreè of cold, com-
paratively uninjured, nor the evergreen oaks, of whi ch Kew
ssesses many exceptionally më speed suffer any appreciable
permanent injury.
Bamboos.— In the Gardeners’ Chronicle (June 22, p. 762), Mr. Bean,
the foreman of the Arboretum, has given an aecount ofithe behaviour of
the outdoor Hon of bamboos during the winter, ollo wing
extract summarizes the facts:—“On New Year's Day the Bamboo
Garden at Kew Tooked prés in the same state as it had done in €
previous August . . . . of three dozen or sokin
wever, are sending up pis new growths from the base, and with
all, ex or two, the visible effects of the frost will have
disappeared in a a fow months.’
Our experience shows that in gardens with climatic conditions
similar to those of Kew the following species may be expected to pass
through even the severest winters with no more ans than a very
temporary disfigurement of the foliage, and in some instances not even
that. These are, pe genii the kinds R should be selected for
planting in districts new to the cultiva of bamboos, and where it
would be tibi. to ascertain the ab of the. poren before
planting extensively :—
Arundinaria nitida, M (A. khasiana, Hort).
Phyllostachys Hen
» min
Pe » var. Boryana.
j » r, punctata.
j v kk RUE
flexuosa,
Bambusa palmata.
‘Arundinaria japonica.
» Veitchii.
CCCCXCVI.—LEPPETT TEA.
1i
given in the Kew Bulletin, 1890, p. 109. This is manufactured at
Hankow in two qualities: the inferior from common tea-dust bn
adheres after being steamed in a pudding-cloth and pressed by
the superior from the finest tea-dust which is selected with great tan
The latter is manufactured into tablets by steam machinery in a vo:
mould. Besides these tablet teas there is a pressed tea called brick te
used in Chinese Mongolia and Tibet. This is made of the whole leat
a
of loca merce
urmah. Pony caravans carry it for sale to Mandalay and other
neighbouring markets, and the Flotilla Company's steamers on the
rawady carry, sometimes, hundreds of baskets of this tea as Aen cargo..
Mason’s “ ore h,” 1860, p. 505, there is a reference to a tea-tree
from which € e Burmese made a tea called “let-pet-ben.” On the
authority of De. McClelland this a was LEleodendron orientale.
There are references to the tea under the name of “pickled tea” in
p. 449, whe
European planters at Chittagong have endeavoured to prepare pickled tea
forthe Burma market with some degree of te gti e is added :
895. "There is no doubt the plant yielding it is the ordinary
tea-plant (Camellia ds The identification of it as E/codendron
orientale was fro improbable, as the latter icta is limited
to Mauritius. and Madagascan, t and is unknown in Burma or, indeed, in
any part of our Indian posse
'The following official CUtTpotrdams gives a very complete account of
the Leppett tea industry :—
Inpia Orrick TO ROYAL GARDENS, Kew.
India Office, Whitehall, S.W.,
Sin, 30th October 1894.
I Ax directed by the Secretary of State for India to forward .
herewith a copy of a letter from me Sorenmont of India, together with
a note by Mr. W. A. Graham o “ Leppett ” " tea the product of the
plant Llzodendron orientale.*
The specimens of * Leppett " tea Wr to in the above letter have
been forwarded to your address by cai
adi, à :
(Signed) . C. È BERNARD,
Secretary.
The precor, Revenue and Statistics Department.
oyal Gardens, Kew.
adders: correction in Kew letter dated 25th November 1894: the plant is Camellia
theifera
12
“LEPPETT” TEA.
No. 49, 5 ~ 10, dated Rangoon, the 4th July 1894, from C. G.
Bayne, Esq., I ., 1.C.S., Revenue Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of
Burma, to the ad ecretary to the Government of India, Department of
Revenue and Agricu
. In continuation of this office letter No. 120, 5 A. 10, dated the 7th May
1894, I am directed to submit, for transmission to Her Majesty’s Secretary
of State for India, seven packets containing samples of the ** Leppett ”
tea of Burma. Four packets contain * wet Leppett" and three packets
d A
= Leppett.” Two specimens of the plant are also submit
copy of a ae by Mr. W. A. Graham containing information regarding
the tea is enclosed,
INFORMATION regarding the * LEPPETT" Tra of Burma, by
Mr. W. A.
GRAHAM.
Shan States. This Bite is sit md "m to the cultivation of the
tea tree, and the inhabitants one and all, including the Sawbwa himself,
trade in the commodity.
2. The gardens are situated on the hill- ee which, in this neigh-
bourhood, are very steep. The trees continue to yield crops of leaves
suitable for the market until the ey reach m didis and a height some
60 feet, but the best article is obtained from the young shrubs, of which
the gardens chiefly consist. Two crops of tea are secured each year,
one in May and one in July, only the young and tender leaves being
taken. The leaves, while still green, are boiled in large narrow-necked
0
ea e pots, a
top made of plantain leaves is placed over it and earth is piled above it,
big stones and other hea = weights veis finally placed on the to
3. The tea i ed and e
. but are covered in with stri amboo, so arranged as to serve the
purpose of a lid in being kintigh, and at the same time to admit the
insertion of a wedge, the pressure of which prevents fermentation from
Every day the wedges are hammered in a little further, so
that although the tea dries in the baskets and shrinks, a constant
aped is kept u
. The price of the tea at the gardens ranges from Rs. 15 to Rs. 25
Se 100 viss.* When sold " the brokers in Mandalay it fetehes from
Rs. 60 to Rs. 100, or even to Rs. 140 per 100 viss. he tea loses .
stream, by which nipis poetic the article is made to pedes its lost
pness, and weighs as much as it did when purchased. In Upper
nin sud d the Shan States a good deal of this tea is consumed asa
* Viss or piakthah = 3-6 6 lbs. av.
13 :
drink, for which purpose it is sold in a dry state. It is prepared by
iling it in an earthen kettle, and is drunk with salt. The greater
bulk, however, is sold by the Mandalay brokers to merchants i in Lower
where it i
an im rtant part, and no ceremony is aper a the consump-
tion of that article. The tea remains in the same basket from the time
it is bought at the gardens until it is sold by the merchant to the actual
consumer. Large numbers of baskets are to be seen at every wharf
along the Irawady banks and in the bazaars throughout the country.
ROYAL GARDENS, Kew, To INDIA OFFICE.
Roya! Gardens, Kew.
Sir, November 26th, 1894.
I wAvE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your ae z
October 30, with enclosures, relating to Leppett tea. The spec
referred to were subsequently received.
The information given by Mr. W. A. Graham is extremly
interesting.
8. The identification of the plant E the product with
Eleodendron orientale appears to have been due to Dr. McClelland.
It is on the face of it improbable as this species is limited to Mauritius
and Madagascar =. is unknown in Burma or indeed any part of our
British possessio
. There can be little doubt from a an Eu of the cs el
Uppét
per Shan hills. "rhe Flentification is Tth
i
F
P
©
=]
ee
m
"a
interesting as rendering it probable that the Burmese were acquainted
vh the bir of the tek stet before its discovery in Assam by
Euro It further indicates the existence of a new area suitable
for the bá indus stry.
I am, &c.
(Signed) W. T. THISELTON-DYER.
€ EO! Godley, K.C.B.,
a Office, Whitehall, S. W.
Inpia Orrice ro ROYAL GARDENS, Kew.
India Office, Whitehall, S.W.
Sm, 20th September 1895.
In continuation of previous ere es I am directed by
the Secretary of State for India to = py of a letter
received from the Government of In da regarding Lo ebd. tea MÀ
theifera), together with vm ‘specimens o he plant, and also a copy of
uable report by Mr. A. Bruce on the tea a of the
14
Upper Chindwin. It is suggested that extracts from Mr. Bruce’s
paper may be found of sufficient interest for reproduction in the Kew
Bulleti
m, &e.
(Signed) * ” Horace WALPOLE,
- The Director,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
Report on the Tea Inpustry of the Upper Chindwin, by C. W. A.
dine fee . Assistant Conservator of Forests, Upper Chindwin
Divis
The = is a list of the villages of the Upper poise which
export tea-seeds, the inhabitants of all bei ngkan
‘Tingin, Kawya, Maungkan, Tasôn, Onbet, Bve ne S
Malin.
Tradition says that these “ kins” KR EM cleared ee planted
some 200 years ago, the seed having been brought from Palaung
(Northern Shan States). No one hus ever he a of wild tos in the
ecome the main source of income e the owners, though the pickled
tea is still collected and made as of ol
Me , $c.—The Bii thing to be done in planting a
« Jetpet-kin ? is to find the right kind of soil, what is known as ** myeni,"
literally red earth. In this soil the tea-tree flourishes to perfection ;
‘the look of this earth is very characteristic, being a light red or buff-
rema ien loam, which occurs in patches, 9 wherever these
patches of red earth are found on the banks of the Chindwin there
villages bin been buiit and tea planted. The mde beg cleared of
all brushwood and undergrowth, three or four seeds are dibbled into
holes, the holes being either two or four cubits apart. The object of
dibbling in more than one seed is to guard against blanks; however,
all the seeds that germinate are allowed to grow. After the plants come
up all the tending the gardens receive is periodical clearing o
small plants, weeds, and brushwood; the ground is never hoed nor the
plants pruned, except when the ravages of a parasite known as
" d have become so extensive as to kill the portions above
und; the dead tops are v haeked down with the ordinary
urmese , the plant at once throwing up shoots or root-
suckers which in hres years take the place of the old tut down plant.
"The small plants e large enoug give a crop of leaves in three
years if the kin i is kept frou of jungle, but not till five years if the garden
is * dir Seed is borne when the plants are eight years old, but
they do not come into full bearing till 15 years of age, the normal
existence of a tree being 40 to 50 years, if not attacked by the parasite
mentioned above. Some phe last longer than this, but old trees do not
crops eeds or leaves as middle-aged ones, being
usually stagheaded, and are r peieralio eut down, their places being taken
by vigorous shoots thrown up by the stools, some stools as large as 3
eing seen. A li
rank as ear &c., which spring up if there is no
shade. vy rains are not good for the seed-crop, as the seed drops off _
15
without ripening ; mlb) if the seed-crop is poor, the leaf-crop is
usually E ood, and vice
Ownership.—Each house owns from one to m kins, the various
pioperties being bounded by rough cactus hed
rops.—As othe stated, there are two kinds of crops—the leaf-
crop and the seed-cro
T. af-crop.—The trees ires three times a year in—(
Tagu to Kasón (April-May) ; (2) o to Wagaung (July-August) ;
SY
e
which is left. us, if there are three leaves in a shoot, the shoot is
nipped off just below "the second leaf, Each owner then takes his crop
of leaves and throws it into an iron cauldron* full of boiling water; it is
left in this water till the leaves turn a yellow colour; the water is then
thrown away and the leaves rolled by hand on mats; it is then ready to
be sold to traders, who take it away either packed in bamboo crates or in
the internode of the myetsangye bamboos (Dendrocalamus Ham-
altonit), If one wanted to keep this tea, it must either be kept buried in
the ground or the crates and bamboos must be kept in water. a
village, which has the largest extent of “kins,” makes on the average
20,000 viss of Zetpet annually. The price at the village for the produce
of the first flush is mo vu 16 per 100 viss, for the other and later
flushes Rs. 12-8 per 100 vi
(b eed-crop.—The 6 seed-crop ripens in gong and November ; it
is then eollected, dried in the sun and sold to Burmese traders, who
me up for it. "The trader shoots the seed tit the bottom of his boat,
the bottom being roughly lined with mats, and then takes it down to
Kettha or Tónhé; where he sells it to the native agents of “ tea-seed
chiefs.”
Value.—The price of the tea-seed on the garden varies from Rs. 3 to
thod of i
er ma
produce of the garden for a fixed sum per basket. Thus i in AE
1894, the Maungkan villagers contracted to sell all their seed at Rs. 5a
basket. The trader then advances on the condition that, if the villagers
cannot pay him back in tea-seed, they must pay him Rs. 100 per cent.
on his money. If "e trader eannot get a contraet for the whole crop,
he always manages to make advances for a certain proportion of the
erop on the same ohio Thus, this year all the villagers of Kawya
have had advances on the condition that they pay back next November
(in seed), each basket to be counted as Rs. 3. Any left after the
as Burma is concerned, as from here it is eher by Chin or E Manipart
coolies in baskets, Scotch mi aerial fashion to Manipur. No tax is
collected or any transit anywhere along the route. The
Chins are said to carry a toad “of one basket and a quarter, the average
* The ordinary dé of Burma, similar to the one cutch is cooked in.
16
weight of one basket being 14 viss, and get Rs.5 to Rs. 6 for the
journey
Conclusion.—It will be seen that, as in most trades, ih sienna
are the best off and absorb most of the profit. trader
makes, even if he does not go in for the advance arenes over cent.
per and of course his profits are doubled if he does. The
Thaungdut Sawbwa has, I am told, petitioned the Government to be
allowed to levy transit dues on the tea-seed passing through his State,
though on what be bases his claim to the right I fail to see. No
haungdut coolies or men in any way are interested in the trade, the
c
to collect six annas per basket in i Ma times; this statement is
if they succeed that will settle all matters of transit dues both for
Thaungdut and Manipur. T see no reason why the Bombay-Bur
should not succeed, as no care to prevent shaking, the effects of damp
or of heat, is taken, any way iei to the seed reaching Manipur, by
the present method, which seems to be as unscientific as pe —
yet the tea-seed has; as is well ASA a first-class reputatio
way, of course, wou ns hes money on the fo ollowing season's
crop, this system being tom, or else only the leavings and old
seed which has been lyi te f bot can be got, vm naturally would not
a of the gardens quer were wonderfully healthy
considering the little care taken with them, as with the exception of
the parasite referred to, the trees all seemed clean, vigorous, and full of
leaf. he ld say tea-planting wit o m s would be a
ed success if only the labour question could be successfully dealt
wi at once settled, all a r who pro lanting in the
Chindwin would have to d o Án for red earth, and
from my own exp ui of the forests I am ave come across
several tracts of similar earth to — on Wise the tea is grown.
enclose a specimen of the tea parasite
CCCCXCVII.—DECADES KEWENSES
PLANTARUM NOVARUM iN HERBARIO Horti Ream CONSERVATARUM.
DECAS XXIII.—XXV.
221. Uvaria virens, N. E. Brown [Anonacee] ; ramulis pilis minutis
fasciculatis ferru ugineo-pubescentibus, foliis petiolatis oblongis obtuse
acuminatis basi plus minusve rotundatis undulatis junioribus subtus
* Not received.
4
17
parce stellato-pubescentibus demum glabris, floribus subsessilibus binis,
sepalis late ovatis obtusis parce stellato-pubesc escentibus, petalis ellipticis
vel elliptico-oblongis obtusis revolutis glabris viridibus demum lute
viridibus, antheris apice truncatis brunneis, stigmatibus truncatis rin
ochraceis vel luteo-ochraceis demum fuscis.
Habitat.—Delagoa Bay, Mrs. Monteiro.
Foliorum — 2-3 lin. longi, lamine 24-5} poll. longs, 10 lin.-2
poll. late. Sepala 24-3 lin. longa, 2} lin. lata. Petala 5 lin. longa,
in lata.
cribed ion a tms plant raised at Kew, from seeds sent by Mrs.
Montero in 188
petalis nu
clavatis, connectivo non produc
Habitat.—Solomon SET chiely New Georgia. Officers of
H.M.S. * Penguin," 1894-
Internodia superiora 1-1} poll. longa. Folia cum porco 5-9 poll.
longa. Cyme 14-3 poll. diametro. Pedunculi 2-3 poll. longi. Pedi-
celli 2-3 lin. longi. Sepala 14-2 lin. diametro, stamina inclusa.
Vost: of Boyle T. Somerville, Lieutenant, R.N., one of the
collecto
223. Begonia Weigallii, Hemsl. [ Begoniacez] ; ; caulescens —
glabra, ramis aray subcarnosis, internodiis quam petioli longi-
oribus, foliis videtur, membranaceis » m in siccis tenuissimis
culis, inflorescentia masculina e cymosa, cymis subterminalibus
ramulis ios tng pedicellis brevisstulá crassiusculis, florum masculi-
norum sepalis 2 orbicularibus, petalis nullis, staminibus num merosis,
filamentis ima basi tantum coherentibus, floribus femineis geminatis
(an semper?) pedunculis pelicllisque brevibus crassis ee
carnosis, sepalis 2 late ova to-oblongis, petalis 2 oblongis, stylis 3,
stigmatibus sinuoso-ramosis, fructu fere sequaliter trialato lateraliter
dehiscente una facie a angusta, alis membranaceis apice truncatis basi
rotundatis.
Habitat —Solomon Islands, chiefly New Georgia. Officers of
H.M.S. * Penguin," 1894-5, :
Internodia superiora 4-2 poll. longa. Folia cum petiolo 3-7 poll.
longa. Znflorescentia masculina cum ‘pedun neulo 4 poll. longa et 3 poil,
o
pedunculu s 3-8 lin. longus; icelli circiter pollicares. et
pte e Mis semipollicaria. EDU latior quam longus, 12-15 lin.
dia
Seen of S. Weigall, Lieutenant, R.N., one of the col-
lectors.
u 90349. B
18
The fruit described above was with the flowering specimens of
Somervillei, but after examining the female flowers of B. JWeigallii, I
have no doubt it belongs her
224. Cremaspora coffeoides, Hemsl. [Rubiacem]; ramis floriferis
elongatis ‘gracillimis strigillosis cinereis internodiis brevibus, foliis
distichis breviter petiolatis subcoriaceis anguste oblongis vel oblanceo-
latis acuminatis vix acutis basi rotundatis vel subcuneatis preter
venasque primarias strigillosas cito glabrescentibus pallide viridibus,
venis primariis lateralibus utrinque szpissime 4 longe arcuatis, pedun-
-culis brevissimis axillaribus circiter 6-floris, floribus minutis subsessili-
bus sericeis basi bibracteolatis, calycis lobis anguste deltoideis acutis
-erectis persistentibus, corolle crasse extus sericee tubo, ut videtur.
brevissimo sed bene evoluto non viso, lobis ovato-oblongis Shigeinsenlis,
-bacea ovoidea primum strigillosa demum nuda.
Habitat. Dr em Central Africa: north side of the Ruo, Sir A. H.
- Johnston, 1
Folia 3-5 Ee longa, 1-13 poll. lata, petiolis 2-3 lin, longis. Ala-
astra vix sesquilin. longa. Bacee 3-4 lin. longe.
225. Geophila picta, Rolfe | Rubiaces|; herbacea, caulibus subpros-
tratis pubescentibus, foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-oblongis obtusis basi
cordatis strigoso-pubescentibus venis primariis arcuatis, capitulis pedun-
culatis multifloris, — lanceolatis acuminatis c cem AD glabro
«calycis j i
to-lanceolatis us glab : tubo
:subelongato fauce ampliato intus villoso, lobis pat nbus dances dens
oblongis subacutis, staminibus 5 tubo corollæ insertis, ten is brevibus,
antheris linearibus, stylo subexserto apice bidentato, onakin diver-
„gentibus,
Habitat.—British Guiana: Demerara, Im Thurn.
Planta circa 3-4 poll. alta. Folia 1-21 poll. longa, T poll. lata ;
petioli 14 lin. longi. Pedunculi $ poll. longi. Capitula $ poll. lata.
-Bractee 4 lin. longer. Ovarium 4 lin. rem Calycis lobi % lin.
longi. Corolle tubus 4 lin. longus, lobi 4 lin. longi.
An rene species which flowered in the t rt s of Messrs.
F. Sander & Co. in September last. The leaves are dull green on the
upper surface, with a pink mid-rib and numerous pink appressed d ai
over, pokemon and suffused wit purple ber
‘The m is white. It is readily jer arre by ihe a erit Bai
petioles,
^** 226. Osmanthus Cooperi, Hemsl [Oleaces]; species O. Aguifolio
forma foliis integris eget differt i imprimis foliis majoribus tenuiori-
bus venis immersis Es em undique glabra, d floriferis
minuti lobis rotundatis erosis, dove subcarnose | bis igph
En apice rotundatis, antheris subsessilibus, ovario rudimentari parvo
0.2:
19
Habitat.—China : probably a native of the hills near Ningpo.
pecimens from a tree cultivated in the garden of H. B. M. Consulate
at Ningpo, Playfair.
Arbor 12-pedalis, fide Playfair. Folia cum petiolo usque ad 5 5 po oll.
longa sed sæpius breviora; petioli 6-12 lin. longi. Pedicelli 3-6 lin.
longi, bracteis maximis vix lin. latis. Calyx 1-1 lin, diametro. Corolla
3-4 lin. diametro.
Res specting this tree, Mr. G. M. H. Playfair, H.M. Consul at Ningre
writes :—** Mr. W. M. Cooper, que Consul rome informe
short time since that he believed a certain Olea n the garden of thi
Consulate to be of an undescribed go The as, I presume,
transplanted by him from the ei erret hills, like% many others in
the compound.
227. Nepeta suavis, Stapf [Labiatae] ; perennis basi indurata
cmon caulibus tomentellis, foliis petiolati is e basi cordata ovatis
obtusis obtuse crenatis utrinque tomentellis supra rogoni, verticillis in
spicas inferne interruptas angustas” dispositis, brac infimis plus
minusve foliaceis ceteris albo-membranaceis viridi- finita ovatis vel
: i"
curv ore o its s A
obtusiseimi is E sque um uno alterove abrupte in mueronem
brevem poani EU tallide roses tubo eurvato quam calyx sub-
duplo longiore pubescente labio supero brevi bilobo lobo labii inferioris
intermedio pupureo- punctato medio hirsuto emarginato crenulato,
nueulis verruculos
Habitat.—Afghanistan: Griffith, 4060 Kew Distr.; Kuram Valley,
Kaiwas and Shalizan, Aitchison 643.
Herba 1-2 ped. alta, Folia majora 7-12 lin. longa, 5-8 lin. lata;
petioli ad 4 lin, longi. ee ad 6 poll longa. Calyx 3 lin
longus. 5 lin.
A plant raised in the es Gardens from seeds communicated by
Mr. J. F. Duthie in 1878, agrees with Griffith's dried specimens and
Aitchison's quoted above ; "but it is taller and much less hai aur Ber
leaves at least twice as large. The two lower calyx-
always produced into short mucros, whilst the middle xa of e
upperlip is generally very small and triangular, or sometimes quite
suppressed, Nepeta suavis is nearly allied to N. leucophylla, B T
from which it differs mainly in the calyx and in the broader bra
JI
228. Salvia schiedeana, Stapf AMD dime tomentello-pubes-
-cente, foliis ‘longiascale petiolatis e basi r vel breviter cuneata
atis crenatis utrinque minute imme puberulis verticillis
ovatis breviter acuminatis 9-nervi in nervis prominentibus dense brevi-
- terque pilosis, corolla cyanea e ealyce vix exserta tubo medio constricto
>et intus denticulis 2 instructo superne dilatato labio supero extus piloso
erecto bilobo marginibus recurvis, labio infero trilobo porrecto lobis
latis intermedio emarginato, stylo parce pilosulo labio infero breviore.
Habitat. —Mexico, Deppe & Schiede.
: 52
20
Planta 1*5 ped. alta. Folia majora ad 3 poll. longa, 2 poll. 1
petiolis ad 1*5 poll. longis. Jnflorescentia ad 5 poll. longa. Calyz
4 lin. longus
— of this plant were raised in the Royal Gardens from seeds
received from Vallombrosa under the name of Hedeoma nepalensis, and
the description is actually drawn up from them. No indication was
ven as to the native country of the plant; but I have identified it
with a coloured drawing in the collection of a plant ** raised in 1829 from
South American seeds collected by Messrs. Deppe and Schiede.” Salvia
schiedeana is nearest allied to S. (ud is Vahl.
229. Polygonum (Bistorta) cons nstans, Cummins HOME:
gracilis, glabra, foliis cordatis ovato-lanceolatis caudato-acuminatis
marginibus sinuosis inferioribu us petiolatis superi d sexi am-
plexicaulibus quam inferiores angustoribus, floribus cemos
dispositis, racemorum uneulis brevibus, ovario ovalis stylis 3
cilibus basi connatis, stigmatibus capitatis.
Habita E C. B. Clarke, and Beroom at 12,000 ft. Thibet,
Dr. King’s collec
Herba 6-12 sail P iode 3-1 poll longs. Folia 2-2} poll.
longa, 1-2 poll. lata ; petioli 2 a bor longi. a 3-14 poll. longi.
Perianthii segmenta 4 i poli. lo lon Fructus i igno
Near P. amplexicaule, iiid ini which it E in its thinne
stem, "o er and more delicate leaves each wit y a contrac ravted
S did pointed basal lobes, also in its more slender and very
shoctly poida racemes
230. Arundinaria nitida, Mitford, in Gard. Chron., xviii, 1895,
p- 186, 33 (nomen solum) ; ramis gracilibus paucifoliatis pallidis vel
fu scescentibus, laminis patulis lineari-lanceolatis basi breviter subitoque
nervis secundariis utrinque 2-3 venulis tran is pr
matis, vaginis arctis striatis glabris in ore setis paucis instructis, ligula
brevissima ciliolata, panicula parva ramis inferioribus ramulosis cæteris
simplicibus omnibus glabris lævibusque in axillis glandulas foventibus,
spic Roe labris, gluma i. quam lto breviore utraque
7-nervi inter nervos tenui, ia florentibus lanceolatis quam gluma ii
multo longi wol dissitis apicem us rvibus, palea
xtra
apicem versus aspera, lodieulis 3 ovatis apice fimbriatis—A. khasiana,
W. J. Bean in Gard. Chron., xv., 1894, p. 301, non Munro.
Habitat,—China: Hupeh, Fang oe on cliffs, 6000-9500 ft.
A. Henry, 6832 ; North Szechuen, Pota
Frutex at teste A. Henry in loco natali 1-2 ped. altus ;
cultus vero multo altior. Folia 2-3 poll. longa, 3-5 lin. lata. Panicula
143-3 poll. longa ; re infimi ad 2 poll. longi; pedicelli longitudine
valde varii ad 6 lin. me Sage ad 9 lin. longs ; rhachillze articuli
inte ii ad 3 lin. i n. longs,
Nearest allied to "Eidos ia sinica, Hance Á ionge mea, Munro),
pel Jeaves and the small panicle. The description ves ditm Pa P4
the wild specimens quoted ab
21
Seeds of the plant were collected by N. Potanin in North Szechuen,
China, and sent to at Botanic Garden at St. Petersburg, whence it
was distributed.-—- O. Stapf.
231. Clematis rubifolia, Wright [Ranunculacem]; fruticosa, caule
: sarmentoso "tenui tomentoso, foliis trifoliolatis pilis appressis vestitis,
nse
, Staminorum filamentis sepalis «qu esie pilis elongatis
antheras tegentibus vestitis, stylo pilis rigidis albis hirs
ge Yunnan, Mongtse, rocky places at ger I ».
Hancock, 1
Foliolum m 24 poll. longum, 2 poll. latum; lateralia 2 poll.
—— 1} poll. lata. Sepala et stamina 6 lin. longa.
T - fro rom C, Lien: Wall. in the leaves not being lobed and
the ker Rech almost sessile. C. wightiana, Wall. differs in having
its leaves much more re densely tomentose beneath.
232. X ] La reel ts arborev
ramulis zy f "foliis perite: err rae ampli is oblongis heces
subcoriaceis integris cun mem utrinque viridibus n floribus in
panicu qui a iti folia breviores dispositis, d aoa
brevibus pu uod ben bas solitaris vel geminis, bracteis ovatis pubescen
tibus persistentibus, sepalis coriaceis obtusis pubescentibus exierioribtis
brevioribus ovatis interioribus longioribus oblongis, petalis angustis
calyce duplo longioribus, carina panduriformi dorso pubescente,
staminibus petalis distincte brevioribus, ovario cylindrico pubescente,
stylo elongato incurvato glabro.
Habitat.—East coast of British North Borneo, Governor Creagh.
Folia appeals media 4 poll. lata, Sepala exteriora 2 lin, longa;
interiora 3 lin. longa. Fructus ignotus.
233. Impatiens Hancockii, Wright [Geraniaceæ]; herbacea, suec
lenta, caule "es foliis lanceolatis glabris bidentatis breviter pedunenlnti
subtus dilute viridibus, racemis ad culis
um m pauciforis, p een tenuibus, bracteis parvis ovatis caducis,
sepalo postico magno ccato calcare elongato curvato tenui, lateralibus
parvis caer antico pec lateralibus “jnequaliter bilobis violaceis,
ca petis elongata angusta.
Habitat.—China: Yunnan, Mongtse plain 4600 ft. by a stream,-
W. Hancock, 62.
Caulis 1-1} ped. alius. Folia 3 poll. d. l poll. lata; petioius
3 lin. longus. Pedunculus 4 poll. lon Uf eminens 9 lin. longi.
Corolla 6 lin. diam., } poll. longa ; calcar iuo
An ex ne species resembling Z. wed nis wii Png a larger
posticous sepal more suddenly contracted into a spur.
auhinia (Phanera) Creaghi, Baker [ Leguminose-Cesalpiniew } ;
sarm mentosa, ramulis glabris, foliis breviter peticlatis oblongis integris
cuspidatis basi rotundatis subcoriaceis ulrinque viridibus glabris e basi
apicem tripliverviis, floribus in corym densos multifloros
pron Mi dispositis, bracteis minutis caducis icellis ' elongatis
asce p tibus, calycis tubo E limbo rile oe — lobis ovatis
pi diLon unguiculatis dorso pilosis.
22
Habitat.—East coast of British North Borneo, Governor Creagh.
Gathered also by Burbidge in 1877-8.
Folia 3-5 poll. longa, medio 13-21 poll. lata. Pedicelli inferiores
p poll. lon nei Calycis tubus 6 lin, longus. Petala 9-12 lin. longa.
Fructus igno
A ege e species, nearly allied to Phanera kocheana, Korthals.
5. Bauhinia abere brani Pm Baker [Legum
a æ-
Cession sa e cirr eet ramulis sine
elongatis sepissime ascendentibus, bracteis minutis caducis, calycis tubo
brevi cylindrico, lobis oblongis tubo longioribus vati
ier piena sepalis 2-3-plo longioribus dorso pilosis, ovario cylindrico
pubesce
Hi —British North Borneo: near Tinkayo, Governor Creagh.
a 4-6 poll. longa et lata. Pedicelli inferiores 1} poll. longi.
Cal lobi 3 lin. longi. Petala 7-8 lin. longa. Fructus ignotus.
Near B. glabrifolia, Baker.
ni Reece (Phanera) stenostachya, Baker [Leguminose-
Cesalpinier] ; sarmentosa, rann is s dente persistenter brunneo-velutinis,
folis "longe pet tiolatis cordat tis basi 13-15-nerviis pro nude
bifidis subcoriaceis facie eet "ond prese sertim ad nervos persistenter
brunneo-velutinis lobis apicalibus obtusis, floribus in racemos angustos
elongatos dispositis, quem erbe ascenden tibus atque rachi dense
Btegeo- rte calycis tubo oblongo-cylindrico dense velutino lobis
oe tubo wr irem petalis oblaneelato oblongis sepalis
paulo longioribus, ovario cylindr utino,
stylo brevi valido, stigmate magno o peltato.
Habitat.—East coast of British North Borneo, Governor Creagh.
Folia 4-6 poll. longa x: lata, petioli 2-3 poll. longi. Calycis tubus.
5-6 lin. longus. Sepala 7-8 lin, longa. Fructus ignotus.
Near B, Vahlit, W. & A.
231. m tame (Phanera) macropoda, Baker [Leguminose-
Cxesalpiniez | ; mien arem gor glabris, folis longe
"—— late cordat: basi 11-n is profunde bifidis sub-
utrinque VPE», gla abris lobis picilibus acutis, floribus in
ast yttibos rminales paucifloros longe peduneulatos dispositis,
pedicellis brevibus ascendentibus, bracteis minutis caducis, calycis tubo
cylindrico suleato lobis oblongis tubo zquilongis, petalis obovatis
unguiculatis sepalis 2-3-plo longioribus dorso pilosis, ovario cylindrico.
piloso
Habitat. — British North Borneo: Port Myburgh, Governor Creagh.
Kelia majora 5-6 poll longa et lata; petioli 2-34 poll. longi. Calycis
tubus 3 lin. longus. Petala 9 lin. longa. Fructus ignotus.
Near B. glabrifolia, Baker.
25 Cesalpinia bicolor, Wright | Leguminose- Cesalpiniex] ; arbor-
parva, ramis leviter striatis spinis paucis munitis, foliis nach. "foliolis
&-12 "alterna ovatis emarginatis glandulis pellucidis numerosissimis
gerentibus, racemis terminalibus vel ad axillas foliorum superiora
23
positis, calycis _5-partiti tubo brevi cupulari persistente lobo antico
cucullato lobis omnibus deciduis, petalis (postico obcordato flavo excepto):
obeuneatis rubro-purpureis calyce duplo longioribus, filamentis hirsutis.
petalis sesquilongioribus, antheris parvis dorsifixis, ovulis 5-7, stylo-
staminibus squilongo, legumine rhomboideo lato compresso, seminibus
circa 5
Ha bit itat.—Peru: Chachapoyas, Lobb ; Vitor, Maclean ; Colombia ::
ros dc pe ft. and Magdalena Valley near Garzon, R. B.
White, No.
doter Cp alta. Foliola 6-9 lin. longa, 4-6 lin. lata. rient
5-9 lin. longi. Petala 6 lin.longa. Filamenta 9lin.longa. -Legum
2 in. longum, 10 lin, latum.
239. Homalium (Blackwellia) myrianthum, Baker [Samydaceæ] ;:
ramulis glabris, foliis subcoriaceis brevissime ip nad oblongis obtusis
integris basi cuneatis utrinque viridibus glabris, floribus in pa aniculas.
terminales et axillares ramulis multis elongatis sad cillimis pubescentibus:
dispositis, pedicellis brevibus patulis apice articulatis, bracteis lineari-
subulatis, calycis tubo pubescen nte segmentis linearibus tubo æ equilongis,
petalis linearibus segmentis calycinis equilongis, stylis 3 subulatis ovario:
sequilongis.
Habitat.—British North Borneo: Lilam, Governor Creagh.
4-5 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata. Calycis tubus 1 lin. longus ;
segmenta 1 lin. longa.
Belongs to the section Paniculate of Bentham’s Monograph, and is
near the Mauritian H. paniculatum
240. Arthrophyllum borneense, Baker [Araliaces]; arboreum,
a foliis inferioribus pinnatis foliolis 5 magnis oblongis integris-
tusis basi inzqualibus rotundatis superioribus simplicibus, floribus
ei amice umbellis ultimis 3-J0-floris, pedicellis fructu
longioribus basi artieulatis, fructu globoso periearpio membranaceo,
dentibus calycinis brevissimis obtusis, stylo obconico suleato.
Habitat.—British North Borneo: Gaya Island, Governor Creagh.
Arbor 16 pedalis. Foliola an cetus longa, 3-4 poll. lata. Pedicelli:
3-4 lin. longi. Fructus 2] lin.
241. Viburnum ceanothoides, Wright [Caprifoliacex] ; fruticosum,.
ramis teretibus pubescentibus, foliis oppositis petiolatis obcuneatis versus
apicem dentatis costa excepta glabris pseudo-flabellatim costatis, cymis.
multifloris terminalibus, bracteolis parvis hirsutis, floribus parvis, calyce-
minute 5-dentato, corolla campanulata a alba lobis 5 rotundatis, staminorum.
filamentis prope corolle basin affixis, antheris exsertis, ovario uniloculari,
stylo brevi,
Habitat.—China : Yunnan, Mongtse, mountain ridges, 5500-6000 ft..
W. Hancock, 47.
Folia 13 poll. longa, 6 lin. lata. Inflorescentia 2 poll. diam. Corolla
1 lin. diam.
Readily distinguished by the form of the leaves.
242. Uncaria grandifolia, Baker [Rubiaceæ] ; fruticosa, sarmentosa,.
ramulis teretibus ferrugineo-pubescenti ibus, stipulis caducis, foliis.
brevissime petiolatis. d oblongis subobtusis basi rotundatis sub-
I jue ferrugineo-pubescentibus,
*
24
umbellis densis globosis ree pedunculatis, ag aera globoso,
pedicellis elongatis pubescentibus ovario «qui ongis, ovario cylindrico
ferrugineo-pubescente TO Stato e medio ad apicem et t basin attenuato,
calycis tubo supra ovarium brevi infundibular segmentis ovatis intus
hirsutis.
Habitat.— East eoast of British North Borneo, ied Creagh.
Folia subpedalia, medio 4-5 poll. lata. Umbelle 5 poll diam.;
pedicelli 12-15 lin. Mesi Calycis tubus 3 lin. longas: segmenta 2 lin
longa. Corolla igno
Near U. darian Roxb.
243. Vaccinium setosum, Wright [Vacciniaceæ]; frutex humilis,
cauli tereti rügoso setis brunneis vestiti; foliis ovatis coriaceis marginibus
recurvatis crenatis supra glabris subtus sparse brunneis pilosis, racemis
multifloris prope caulis apicem confertis, bracteis rubris late lanceolatis
acutis eiliatis, calycis segmentis 5 triangularibus ciliatis, corolla urceolata
extus subglabra intus tomentosa segmenti brevibus subulatis,
staminibus 10 liberis, nori is dorso biaristatis, ovario 5-locularis, stylo
staminibus zquilongo 5-alat
Habitat.—China : Yannan: Mongtse, on a mountain ridge at 6300 ft.
W. Hancock, 1
Folia : Mes iens 6-7 lin. lata. Racemi 11-2 poll. longi. Corolla
2-3 lin. 1
Differs on V. retusum, Hook. f. in its acute leaves with crenate
margins and from V. griffithianum, Wight, in its denser racemes and
smaller bracts.
Primula barbicalyx, Wright [Primulacee]; humilis, foliis
244.
membranaceis ovatis dentato-sinuatis ciliatis pilosis, pet solo laminae
e ll
squilongo dense piloso, pedunculo brevi, floribus 2- atim
dispositis, pum Paar apie eee campanulato extus (praes basi)
ilis brunnec-purpureis vestito lobis 5 LAN angularibus, corolla Pilots
lilacina masc tubulosa segmen es 5 bilobat
Habitat. Tare Yunnan, Mongtse, E crags at 8700 ft.
JF. Hancock, 109.
Folia 1- ad poll. longa, 3-1 poll. lata; ag poll. longi. Peduncu
1 poll. longi vel breviores ; pedicelli 6-9 lin Vete Calyx 2 lin. sauna
Corolle tubus 5 lin. longus; limbus 6-8 lin. d
Resembling P. Listeri, King, but adieu in T a smaller calyx
-«overed with long brownish-purple hairs and a larger corolla.
245. Buddleia acutifolia, Wright Dune aret a fruticosa, ramis
teretibus primum tomentosis, foliis late lanceolatis basi apiceque acutis
marginibus : supra pubescentibus subtus tomentosis, inflores-
centia terminali multiflora paniculata, calycis cupularis extus tomentosi
lobis 4 rotundatis, ves lilacina extus tomentosa tubo elongato recto
lobis 4 patulis rotundatis, staminibus 4 paullo infra corolla faucem
insertis, stylo brevi clavato
Habitat, —China : Yunnan, Mongtse, W. Hancock, 143.
Folia 6 poll. longa, =e! a lata. Calyx 1 lin. longus. Coroila
4 lin. longa ; limbus 2 lin. diam.
This is near B. canait Hemsl. but has the leaves tapering more
towards the base and the lateral branches of the panicle longer. ‘The
flowers are lavender-coloured and tegit:
25
246. spicata, SE gs emere fruticosa, glabra,
ramuli s teretibus, foliis sieanttisies oblongis usis coriaceis basi
Writer cordat oribus in spicas densas rcge breviter peduneu-
v
latas dispositis, aint stipulari brevi truncato, rachi incrassata, calycis
tubo campanulato iobis orbicularibus imbricatis tubo brevioribus, corollz
tubo infundibulari lobis parvis ovatis, genitalibus in tubo inclusis.
Habitat.—East coast of British North Borneo, Governor Creagh.
Folia gi 31-4 poll lata. Calyx 2} lin. longus. Corolla
15-16 lin. lon us ignotus.
Near F. crassipes, Benth. and F. morindefolia, Blume.
247. Fagrea macroscypha, Baker [Loganiacez]; arborea, glabra,
ramulis validis teretibus, stipulis orbicularibus coriaceis reflexiss persis-
tentibus, foliis distincte petiolatis coriaceis oblongis acutis basi cunea
floribus magnis solitariis terminalibus, bracteis magnis oblongis aatis
calyce adpressis, calycis tubo oblongo lobis ovatis, corolla tubo elongato
anguste infundibulari limbi lobis "ovatis patulis, eec eed ex tubo
exsertis, fructu oblongo-cylindrico calyce persistente zequilong
UNI. —British North Borneo: Kinatabangan, "nie Creagh.
Folia 3-4 poll. longa, medio 13-2 poll. lata. Calyx 2 poll. longus.
Corolle tubus 5 poll. longus, apice 12-15 lin. diam. ; ; limbi obi 1} poll.
ongi.
248. Ehretia e Poe Wright eee a foliis oblonffo:
ovatis acutis basi ro undat tis vel subco rdatis dentati s utraque e molliter
infundibuliformis segmentis 5 oblongis, staminibus exsertis antheris
dorsifixis, stylo corolle tubus aiias o bifido.
Habitat—China: Yunnan, Mongtse, in glens and copses, 5300 ft. ;
W. epeh 153.
Folia 3 poll. longa, 2 poll. lata. — 2 poll. diam. Calyx 1 lin.
joiga: Corolla 3-4 lin. longa, 5 lin. diam. Styli rami 1 lin. longi:
on reti eiie beh approaches is but has seabrid leaves and a
e lax inflore
249. Didymocarpus crenata, Baker [Gesneracee]; pe rennis,
acaulis, foliis basalibus dense rosulatis lanceolatis acutis conspicue
bullatis et erenatis basi rotundatis facie parce pilosis dorso presertim ad
costam magis pilosis, petiolo brevi pilis squamosis densis vestito, scapo
gracili paucifloro obscure piloso glanduloso foliis paulo longiore, floribus
laxe racemosis, rachi glanduloso-pubescente, pedicellis brevibus ascen-
dentibus, bracteis linearibus persistentibus, calycis glandulosi tubo
subnullo segmentis pratis acutis, corolle pallide rubelle tubo infundi-
bulari lobis parvis rotundatis, genitalibus in tubo inclusis.
Habitat.—British North Borneo: Sandakan, Governor Creagh.
Folia 4-5 poll. longa, medio 9-10 lin. lata. Calyx 14 lin. longus:
Corolla 9-12 lin. longa. Fructus ignotus :
Near D. bullatus, C. B. Clarke in DC. By. Phanerog. V. 92.
250. Vitex holophylla, Baker [Verbenaceæ] ; arborea, ramulis
tetragor.is glabris, foliis distincte petiolatis coriaceis simplicibus oblongis
acuminatis integris basi rotundatis utrinque viridibus glabris, cymis
26 S
paucifloris congestis dissitis in spicas multas paniculatas dispositis,
ifero valde acc e
extus SM Pio ni magno nE duro glabro
Habitat.—British North Borneo: Sandacen. Governor | Creagh..
Gathered previously by Sir € Low
Folia semipedalia et ultra, 3—4 po oll. lata. Po ad floriferus 1 lin.
longus. Corolla 3 lin. longa. Fructus 8-9 lin. dia
Very eu V. simplicifolia, C. B. Clarke, link is also a North
Bornean pla
CCCCXCVIII.—DATE CULTIVATION IN ANTIGUA.
The following correspondence records the promising results of am
interesting experiment. There appears every reason to hope that it d
n important addition to the fruit resources of our Wes
Indian
COLONIAL Orrice to ROYAL Garpens, Kew.
Sir, wning Street, 18th December 1895.
I AM Be irme by the ceris d of State for the Colonies to
Station on date cultivation at Copse Cross Station, and to:
request that he may be favoured with your observations thereon
I am, &c.
The Director, (Signed) R. H. MEADE.
Royal Gardens, Kew.
(Copy.)
GovERNOR OF THE LEEWARD ISLANDS to COLONIAL OFFICE.
Government House, Antigua,
Sir, 19th November 1895.
AvE the honour to transmit, for the information of the
Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, copy of an interesting report
w
new of the date cultivation at Copse Cross Station, near English
bou
. Mr. Tillson concludes his report by asking for the advice of the
Kew authorities as to the advisability e extending this cultivation.
have, &c.
(Signed) ' Gro. Met
The Right Honourable Adinaytcator.
3 — hse me BRU.,
27
(Enclosure.)
Botanic Station, oe Park,
Sir, November 12th, 1895.
I mave the honour to submit to you, for his Excellency the
Administrator's information, the accompanying report upon the date
cultivation at the Copse Cross Station.
After carefully considering the chances of s success, in December 1890°
I wrote the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, statin ng my views on.
the subject, and asked to be supplied with seed of the date of commerce..
Iu March 1891 I received from Kew a case of selected dates, including:
the famous Tafilat variety.
From the seed received I raised about 5000 plants, which were offered
for sale in the Antigua Standard.
Date growing being a new ais dug industry and long in producing:
a return the plants were not ta
lants were put outat the various station s, others sent to the Botanie
Stations of Dominica, St. Kitts- hi and Montserrat, and some in
exchange to Grenada Botanic Statio
It affords me much pleasure to regot that at Copse C ross there are
now 86 established date idee. eee of which fruited during August of
this year, being only 4j years
he English HEURE: intei seems very favourable to date
e following notes from * Haldane's Sub- rcm Cultivation and
Climates ? show the value of date cultivations, and the fine growth and
early fruiting at Copse Cross are an index of what may be expected
under local conditions : ct aa yield of a tree in full bearing is from
100 to 200 pounds per annum, but as much as 400 pounds have been
ot from a single tree." “The tree generally produces eight to 10
bunches of fruit, and the produce of a hectare (23 acres) of land under
this cultivation is about 14,400 pounds of dates.’ The value of d in
i 70s. to 84s. per ewt.; Egyptian, 28s. 455.;
Bussore, 13s. to 21s. The trees live to a great age and sented fruit.
till 200 d.”
I have the honour to request that a statement of the progress of the
date plots at Copse Cross may be submitted to the Director of the Royal
porter Kew, and the advice of Kew obtained as to the advisability,
that we have data to go upon, of importing more seed,
endeavours to extend date cultivation.
I have, &c.
(Signed) A. G. MARIS
rator
Roya —— Kew, to COLONIAL OFFICE.
Sir, Kew, December 23rd, 1895.
I save the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
December 18th (22,148/95), transmitting a copy of a emn from the
Governor of the Leeward Islands, forwarding a report from the curator
of the Botanic Station on the progress of date uitivation at Copse
Cross Station, Antigua
2. As far as I know this is the first instance of this palm’ s fruiting in
the West Indies, As the trees are said not to come into full bearing
till about 10 years, it is a culture which would probably never be taken
up unless the Government set the example. It is, , howeve r, one which
28
is, I think, well worth encouraging on a moderate scale, as the fruit
hice ics, meet with a ready sale in the United States market.
. The success which Mr. Tillson has met with in obtaining fruit
io 'sGedlinge o nly 4$ years old is interesting, as under the most
favourable cireumstances this rarely takes place in less than five years.
Mr. Tillson says nothing as to the qualiy of the fruit produced. The
best kinds of date palms are not raised from seeds but are grown from
$ "e n
. The Kew Bulletin for -— present year (pp. 161, 162) iei an
mon of the results of the experimental cultivation of the date palm
in Anstralia. According to the “ Annuai Piscis Report upon State
LE zx qertmer in South Australia for the year 1894-95 "
(pp. 6, 7), a seedling date palm about eight years old yielded 50 lbs. of
fruit of fair -— fom. eight bunches
m, &c.
( Signed) x W. T. THISELTON-DYER.
CCCCXCIX.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
Visitors during 1895.—The number of persons who visited the
al Gardens during the year i) was 1,407,369. That for 1894
was 1,377,588. The average for 1885-94 was 1, 416, 887.
The total number on Bandiys was 536, 181 and on week-days
871,188.
maximum number of visitors on any one day was 13,588 on
June 3, and the smallest 104 on November 28.
The detailed monthly returns are given below :—
January - - - E - 15,026
February - - - - © 12,60F
March - - - = - 44,612
April - - - . - 189,
May > - - B - 162,784
June - ~ - - - 297,994
- - - - - 164,672
gust - - - - 288,420
September - - - - 190,318
October - - - - 49,630
November - - - - 23,402
December - - - - 17,909
Y 1 407 1,407,369
cal Magazine for December.—The plants figured are: Strepto-
me Wendlondii, Aloe Luntii, Buddleia Colvilei, Bartholina
ached and Musa rubra; all, except the Buddleia, from plants
cultivated at rae The Streptocarpus, a South sige plant, will be
remembered as one of those th wered so freely on the edge of the
central area of w cactus Modes. The Aloe is one of Mr. Lunt’s
29
discoveries in South Arabia. Bartholina pectinata is a curious and
elegant South African ground orchid, first introduced into DP at
Kew by Masson upwards of a century ago, and recently by Mr. Harry
Bolus, F.L.S., of Cape Town, to whom Sir J oseph Hooker has dedicated
the 121st volume of the Botanical Magazine, which this number com-
b :
pale yellow flowers. The handsome Buddleia Colvilei flowered in the
rich and interesting garden of William Gumbleton, Esq., at Belgrove,
Cork.
Index liia —The completion of this important work, which is
indispensable to any phon A codi was announced in the Kew
Bnlletin for November last (p. 3
It is important to point out, in tun ta remedy a misconception which
appears to exist amcngst many persons who have used the book, that
the Index is in no sense intended to s a standard of nomenclature, or
countries of which the vm themselves are natives.
been pointed out by competent authority that the names cited are
“synonyms” the fact is "tidie ated. As tothe remainder no attempt
whatever iss been made to ascertain their validity. To have done this
would have been to have undertaken a task which could not have been
completed in ue reasonable time, even with the aid of a large staff of
skilled botani
The expense “of preparing the work has been entirely defrayed by the
members of the family of the 1 late Charles Darwin. That of printing
and publication has been borne by the Oxford Clarendon Press, which
has no other means of recouping itself except by the sale of the work.
For this reason Kew has not had at its disposal any copies which it
could present to other —— The price to non-subscribers has
now been raised to 10 guin
Palm House Terrace.—The condition of the raised flat expanse
immediately surrounding the great Palm House has long been felt to be
unsatisfactory and unworthy of this fine building. It had been covered
ing to reco
has been mostly brought from Whitton Park). The pr of this is
unbroken except by a few bold beds of evergreen shrubs or of herbaceous
perennials.
Geranium wallichianum as a dye plant.— This is a herb with is
blue flowers, native of the Temperate Himalaya at from 7,000 to 1
feet. A quantity of the dried roots were sent to Kew by Dig Steaua
30
(retired) J. E. T. Aitchison, C.LE., F.R.S., who states there they
-are largely used as a dye-stuff in Kashmir. They were submitted to —
J. J. Hum men Esq., Professor of Dyeing in the Yorkshire College,
Leeds, who has very kindly tünishod the de report. of
the plant rhetor for dyeing or tanning is not indicated in Watts?
Dictionary of the Economic Products of India,
Proressor Hummer to ROYAL GARDENS, Kew.
The Yorkshire College, Leeds,
DEAR Sir, December 20th, 1895.
CLOSED I now send you samples of NA printed with
aluminium and iron ence and dyed with roots of Geranium
wallichianum from Kashm The dark greys arin by the iron
mordants, and the pale soiled ydlowish tints on the aluminium mordants,
show that these roots contain ven tannin matter unaccompanied
by any mordant-dyeing colouring matter. The reddish stain on the
unprinted, i.e., unmordanted, parts of the calico indicates that there is
nt some red colouring matter for which cotton has a "ES.
attraction, but which must be regarded as of no commercial importanc
indeed regarding the roots as a useful tannin matter the presence of this
red — matter is somewhat objectionable.
mparison with Sumach and Myrabolans, patterns dyed with
iid: are also enclosed, it would appear that the G. walli libus
roots are about equal to the latter as regards amount of tannin matter
present, and I have no doubt they’ could be oeil employed by the
dyer for certain purposes either in the form of powder or as an extract,
. inthe same manner as other tannin matters are employed.
I enclose Mr. Proctor's report which gives an analysis of the root, and
some remarks as to its suitability for tanning leather, a sample of which
tanned by the produet aecompanies his report.
Yours truly,
(Signed) J.J. Hii:
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., G.M.G., C.LE.,
Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
[ Enclosure. |
Leather EE Laboratory,
rkshire College, Leeds.
DEAR rim i HUMMEL, December 14th, 1895.
The following a: the results of our analysis of the root of
Kao-ashud (eise: y wallichiana) which was sent by Dr. J. E. T.
Aitchison to the Museums of Econom edema t Kew. The sample
of root contains 43°5 per sepe of ties soluble in water and, dime
mined by the gravimetrie hide powder method, gives—
Tanning matter HR Aee des €. 7. 29 ¢ per Cone.
Soluble 1 non-tanning m oat OSs
Vegetable fibre — insoluble > ~ BOU 3$ 7
Moisture - - - 13:6
_ The colour. of a extract is somewhat dark and iiie but that of
tanned with it is much brighter than RC ve been expected
from the k Sppaeennee nce of the liquor, and there certainly oles no reason
31
why if the material can be obtained in eden nante it should not
form a valuable addition to our tannin ials. e leather pro-
duced is somewhat darker but not very diseimilar to da obtained by
the use of Canaigre root (Rumex h ymenosepalum).
Apologising for long delay in reporting to you,
a
m, &c.
(Signed) Henry R. Procrer.
Recent Presentations to the Herbarium, — Sir Ferdinand von
Mueller has presented from time to time specimens of new genera and
species deseribed by himself, together with nnd proofs or eee of
the Poripona, Dr. G. '"Havil and, who is working at Kew on his
?
a collection of about 150 jd made by Mr. A. Whyte, F.L.S., on
Mount Cheradzulu, a part of Sir John Kirk’s early collecting grounds,
e
the genius Holothrix, and 7
resemblance to coffee. "These will shortly be published ir in the Bulletin
Si ohnston h lso intimated his intention of havi
P E unaple ge with the difficulties attending the operation.
Mr, J. B forinerly a member of the staff, and now at the
Berkeley University, California, sent about 170 specimens of Californian
plants, ime Ba w and critical species. From Mr. J. F. Waby, head
gardener in the Georgetown Botanic Garden, British Guiana, Kew has
received a — of Barbados plants. From Mr. J, F, Duthie,
Director : wm oim nic Department, ER Todi there is another
consignmen grasses, nearly umber, in ee s he
vet of Sir Joseph Hooker's Phys Lee Brit à d
collection of eem à plants has En aea i n T, JM i
t > to the Domi ala eens is a magni
qm of nearly 1 7,500 s species of "Central American plants, from Mr, J.
onnell- Smith, of Baltimore. This is particularly valuable, as Kew is
y no means rich in the plants of this region.
Coloured figures of Fun w has latel urchased t foli
volumes of d coloured drawings of fang! : me ae
t
There is no clue to the ad the Aun but = r the at trc uk
of the few remarks ther £6 ies n the names and localities being in the
Italian language, there is little doubt that t the artist was Talian. The date
wor ee r of TORN
The following note accompanies a figure of a nen “of Poly
squamosus eighteen inches in diameter. Fungo nato ne i Prati de
actoro il Luglio, 1680. Anda figure of Clathrus cancellatus ——
the inscription “ Ad ripas Tiberis prope Flam meuse 9bris, 169
Many of the figures are named in the ladsritiug of the late Ra
32
more is known at Kew of its history. Altogether there are Me
1,250 figures, Stat of them beautifully and accurately executed. In
vigour of style they resemble Schaeffer’s Jcones Fungorum, though
there is no evidence that they served as originals. Indeed that work
was not published till 1762-1774.
Robert, Basse, and de Chastillon’s Recueil de Plantes.—Kew has
acquired by rchase a very fine copy of this magnificent collection of
engravings of plants. Some copies were issued without a title- "page, but
Pritzel (Thesaurus Literature Botanice, ed. 1. n. 8362) says “In
exemplari bibliothece Sherardiane Oxonii esis tituli adsunt:
Estampes pour servir à l Histoire des Plantes. Partie i. et ii. Paris, de
de l'imprimerie royale, 1701. He also gives the following title: Recueil
de Plantes tenet et gravées par Ordre du Roi Louis XIV., Paris,
1701. size he gives as 16 by 12 inches, but that is the size of the
plates employed for the engravings. The Kew copy is 25} by 19 inches.
Pritzel adds: * Bruuet de hac collectione monet: Recueil parfaitement
éxecuté a Y on recherche encore un peu les anciennes épreuves.
L'ouvrage parut d'abord sans dd mais Monsieur Buisson a fait
imprimer, vers 1780, un frontispice avec des éclaircissements sur ce
recueil et une table des 319 ins ; le tout formant 20 foll"
The engravings are fags artistically but botanically good, an and what
was rare at that date, the figures are supplemen “ge a enlarged analyses
of the Hawen and as pee of the seed and g seedlings. The
designations are the wong or ut of = pe Saporo: by the
writers of the period, such as Bauhin and Thunberg, who are cited in
each case, and the arrangement is elphahetical based on the first word.
Ipecacuanha in Southern India.—The Kew Bulletin for 1888
contained (pp. 123-128) an account of the various attempts which have
been made to establish tbe cultivation of the plant producing this
valuable drug in the East Indies. The annual report of Mr. M. A.
Plantations to the MÀ Fasten records the result recently
obtained in Southern India
* The following interesti report has been sent by Mr. J. R. Malcolm
of the Vallera Mullays :—
* In re ply to yours of the 25th, I am sorry that I cannot oblige you
with sny ipecacua anha seed. the plants were shoe getting on
cut off the roots, obtaining 20 Ib. dried only. I re taitted what was
left, under light artificial shade, and they seem to like it, as all are
throwing shoots. The small parcel of root was sent home, and it will
interest you to know that it was highly reported on. Messrs. Pss and
Co. say * The little lot we sold for you n (Messrs. Parry an d Co.) was
very fine picked root, nice colour, flavour, &c.’ It really was not picked
atall. I gathered everything I could find in the ground. - It sold for
55. 4d. per lb., the best eo fetching 5s. 6d. per lb.
e en se
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
No. 5-101 FEBRUARY. [1896.
D.—COLD STORAGE OF FRUIT.
'The discovery of satisfactory methods for ee fruit either at home
or in the colonies is obviously a matter of great importance. At home
it would counteract the effect of a “ glut,” um enable a better price to
be obtained for the -crop by allowing it to be placed upon the market
over a longer interval. In the colonies it would facilitate the export of
fruit from the southern hemisphere to the northern, and even vice versd,
80 as to give to either a continuous supply of fruit all the year round,
pp.
189), the experiments made iu cold storage by t dieses of
Agriculture and Forests in New South Wales were débéibe
| The following further description of more detailed experiments on the
cold storage of fruit is extracted from the eighth Annual Report on
Experimental Farms: (1895), presented to the Canadian Government
‘by William Saunders, Esq., F.L.S., S Dominion Esperi mental
Fets Ottawa (pp. 103-105) :—
Nova Scotia has marked an era in her horticultural miaa by the
establishment of a school of horticulture, under the trol of the
Provincial Fruit Esowdar Association, and the diccetónibin of Prof.
E. E. Faville. This is the only school of its kind in Canada, if not in
America.
: The great verc Ferri by Canada in her exhibit of fruits at the
opening of the World's Columbian Exposition, in May 1893, was, in a
large measure, due » vh cold storage facilities afforded by the World's
Fair authorities, and but for the unfortunate burnin
have been much more extensive and varied. The fact, however, that
summer and autumn apples, like Dede of Oldenburg, St. Lawrence,
and Wealthy, were placed in good condition upon the tables during the
months of May and June, gave food for thought to the thinking mind,
and raised the question of the usefulness of the system to the com-
mercial grower and the shipper of fruit.
90781. 1375 —3/96. Wt. 308. n
34
It is well known that cold storage and voci cars have played!
an important part for some years in the economy of marketing the
great Californian fruit product. It is also val known that large dealers
in great fruit markets, like ag and New York, have used in com-
mon with produce and commission men cold storage warehouses, in .
which to hold perishable fruit during periods of low prices owing tò —
over-stocked markets. Our information on these lines has, however,
been rather vague and müstisfactot
With the object o ascertaining some facts based upon personal
experience, pre eliminary experiments were instituted on this line during
the present season.
Arrangements were made with the Montreal Cold Storage Company
for storing packages of the different te as they matured, In this
_connection I beg to acknowledge the courtesy and generous assistance
rendered by the managers of this company, Messrs. T. J. Chisholm and.
D. G. McGillis, in aiding me n carrying out the experiments. Although
sufficient time has not ela since the initiation of the experiments to
permit the collection of information of value regarding the later fruits,
yet its degree of usefulness in marketing the earlier and more perishable
fruits has been, if not actually defined, quite clearly indicated. The
unusual amount of heat and drought in the districts from which the
fruit was procured undoubtedly injured the keeping qualities of the
fruit under trial. Last year Wealthy apples grown at Ottawa kept in a
cold cellar until May. This year many have already decayed and. the
remainder are very soft, under the same conditions,
PEACHES,
Mountain Rose and Early Crawford peaches, wrapped in tissue Ln i
paeked in 20-pound baskets and stored in an atmosphere of 34 degree
Fahr.on September 5th, remained in good condition tili October ist;
soon after this they began to show signs of discoloration. The same
varieties under the same conditions, without wrappers, on October Ist —
showed 5 to 6 per cent. decayed. On October 10th 30 per ser
of M GG Rose, wrapped, had decayed; of Mountain Rose
wrapped, fully 75 per cent. were rotten. At iis date Fany Cranford
er
ratang its form. The discoloration began first near the stone and
Prvws.
Lombard and Monroe plums were stored in baskets, the fruit d
wrapped and unwrapped as in the case of the peaches, They w |
stored on September 6th in a temperature of 34 degrees Fahr., which E
was maintained uniformly throughout.
The results gained on the whole do not differ materially from those —
with peaches, and indicate that stone fruits as a class cannot be profite —
ably stored for a longer period than three weeks, and thåt in the case of ——
fruit it originally well “ripened, probably not só long; ; after this period -
there is a rapid deterioration both in flavour and firmness
95
PEARS,
Bartlett.—Fully ripe, wrapped, packed in baskets, stored on
September Ist, began o decay November 15th. The same unwrapped
were badly decayed on that date.
Bartlett.—Fully ripe, wrapped and packed in cases holding from 50
75 pears each, were in good condition on Decem "ud lst. Flavour
unimpaired. On December 10th 25 to 30 per cent. were rotten ; on
ae 15th fully 50 per cent, had decayed. Piste somewhat
mpaired.
Flemish Beauty.—Fully matured, wrapped and packed in aite
decayed earlier than Bartlett, beginning to show signs of rotting on
October 15th. The same variety unwrapped began to decay o
October 6th.
Flemish Beauty.—Fully matured, wrapped and packed in kegs, were
in good condition up to November 1st; they decayed rapidly after this
and few remained by December 10th.
The unwrapped in kegs had entirely * wasted" by December 6th.
rré Clairgeau.—Wrapped in baskets, were in good condition
when t Tnt examined, December 31st. 'The same unwrapped were also.
in good condition on the same day.
Beurré d’Anjou.—Wrapped and packed in kegs and boxes, were
also in on condition on December 10th; and the same may be said of
Duches
It wili be seen that matured Bartlett and Flemish Beauty cannot be
safely kept in storage after November 15th or at latest December Ist.
APPLES.
rial packages of three varieties of these were sent to the storage
wercbonpe from the Central Farm as they ripe
sky.— Wrapped, packed in baskets, were in good condition with —
unimpaired up to November 15th, os they t
discolour and lose flavour n De Oth the greater proportion
were decayed and unfit for use. There was a little difference in favour
of the wr Appod $ a uit, but the improvement was not sò marked as in the
case of the pea
Duchess.—Packed the same way, began to decay on December 10th ;.
the same i ai unwrapped showed 8 to 10 per cent, of rotten fruit at
this date
an B and Colvert.—Both in boxes and barrels, eo are
of course perfect at this date, December 31st. Summer apples, in
common with other soft fruits, kept best when wrapped oa p paper
and put up in wooden packages.
GRAPES,
Sample baskets of Lindley, Delaware, and Niagara grapes, mord on
September 27th, are at this date, December 20th, in good condit
A
36
The deductions which may be drawn from the results of this pre-
liminary trial in ed tones of fruits by cold storage may be
summarized as follow
l. Fruit for ai i sho be picked when fully grown, but before it
has thor oughly matured.
2. Early pears, dicenda ibd the larger varieties of plums should be
wrapped separately in tissue paper.
3. Tight wooden boxes are the most satisfactory packages for storing
and handling. When baskets are used they should be —
with strong ** veneer” covers
4. Stone fruits, such as peaches ‘and plums, under ordinary circum-
de should not be held for a longer period than two or three
C
wee
. The still season for early pears and apples may be extended
from 30 to 60 days, and under favourable circumstances for a
longer period.
6. The outcome of experiments with fall and early winter varieties of
apples and pears, including samples of grapes, yet remains to be
developed.
* * * * * x
I have, um
JOHN CR:
SHortiecitift
DI.—DECADES KEWENSES
PLANTARUM Novarum IN HERBARIO Horti Regu CONSERVATARUM.
DECADES XXVI., XXVII.
Taroven Mr. H. N. Ridley, director of the Gardens and Forest
Department of the Straits Settlements, Kew has received a small cola
tion of dried pianti made and presented by Mr. A. H. Everett,
gentleman engaged more — in E birds and insects, whati
the former had induced to collect pla The plants in question are
. from the previously unexplored Longe Donate; or Bonthain Peak, in
South Celebes. This peak rises to a height of ae 10,200 a and
the plants were obtained from elevations of 7,000 0,000 feet. Mr.
Everett’s specimens are mostly good so far as dey g gó, ; t he ascendi
the peak in October when few of the plants were either in flower or in
fruit; consequentiy a number which are evidently new cannot be
described. Among these are two species of Vaccinium, a Leptosper-
mum, a Freycinetia, and four species of Elatostema. Several prove to
be identical with species inhabiting Mount Kinabalu, North Borneo, as
Ranunculus Lowit, Potentilla leuconota, Leucopo gon suaveolens and
Quercus Havilandii. Interesting amon ses is a variety of the
Japanese Festuca parvigluma, to pem with fuller material, it may be
found desirable to give specific rank. There is also a ‘Danthonia
closely allied to the Australian D. pesitillatà ; and there are 30 species —
of vsseular cryptogams, but no new species. Lycopodium clavatum —
37
indicates the existence of a strictly temperate zone in Celebes. Among
the novelties ES - - following decade, T'rachymene celebica is
scandens, deem flores ere caulibus tenuiusculis strfats, in
quam folia nune brevioribus nune longioribus, foliis simplicibus emi
petiolati riaceis (adultis non visis) cordatis integerrimis obtuse
gradatim acuminatis subquinquenerviis nitidis, floribus parvis vel
minutis (bene evolutis non visis) axillaribus solitariis vel 2-3 a aggre-
gatis brevissime pedunculatis, sepalis 6 crassis dense ferrugineo-
pubescentibus
mie — - South Celebes: Bonthain Peak at 10,000 ft, 4. Z.
Everett,
Folia cum petiolis 5-7 o: nes m 34 poll. lata. Bi (vix
evoluti ?) circiter semipollica Alabastri 3-4 lin. diametro.
. The simple, shining, 5- enel v and very small ze owers of six
sepals sufficiently characterise this species, which is near C, smilacifolia,
Wall.
252. Begonia ($ Haagea) bonthainensis, Hemsl. [Begoniacem];
caulescens, omnino glabra vel cito glabr escens, ramosa, ramulis vix
nosis flexuosis ad nodos incrassatis, foliis longe pe etiolatis siccis
floribus maseulinis mediocribus distincte E sepalis 2 late
ovalibus vel s uborbicularibus, staminibus numerosis filamentis liberis
iformibus inssquilongis, antheris clavatis e otficntivó inappendiculato,
floribus femineis non visis, capsula subzqualiter anguste trialata apice
truncata
Ha bitat. — Tiu Celebes: Bonthain Peak at 7000 to 10,000 ft.,
A. H. Eve
Folia Maece mers 3-6 poll. longa, pe 2-4 poll.
Inflorescentia 3—4 cum .longa. Sepala circiter 9 lin. longa et "s fn.
lata. Capsule 8-9 lin. latæ et 6 lin. TX
253. Trachymene celebica, Hemsl. apea ; robusta, caudice
crasso ut videtur prostrato coma foliorum hornotinorum confertor orum
terminante, caulibus floriferis ve e basi come folioru -—
erbaceis mol'ibus utrinque dense appresseque hirsutis vel itago
cireumscriptione rotundatis basi cordatis sepissime alte 6-lobatis lobis
plus minusve lobulatis simul crebre dentieulatis caulinis. paucis ad
ramificationes similibus sed minoribus breviter petiolatis magis alte
lobatis, pedunculis crassiusculis, umbellis subunisexualibus multiradiatis,
radiis umbellarum feminearum crassiusculis rigidis confertissimis,
fructu cordiformi levi minute punctato, carpellis valde lateraliter
compressis oblique oblongis vel suborbicularibus SE cip vittis
nullis, stylis elongatis, gynophoro indiviso.
38
Habitat. —South Celebes : Bonthain Peak at 10,000 ft, A. H.
Everett, 14.
Caules Jforiferi 12-15 poll. aiti. Folia 134-3) poll. diametro,
radiealium petiolis 3-6 poll. longis. Radii 4-6 lin. longi. Carpella
24-3 lin. longa.
254. Ophiorrhiza pileoides, Hemsl. | Rubiaceæ]; repens, radicans,
pubescens, Caulibus elongatis gracillimis pilosulis, foliis parvis distincte
petiolatis membranaceis lanceolatis vix acutis sepius undulatis supra
cito glabrescentibus subtus pallidioribus ut in margine pilis paucis
e obsitis, pedunculis pseudoterminalibus brevissimis 1-3- floris,
capsulis t runcatis bracteolis angustissimis parce ciliolatis subtentis.
Habitat.—South Celebes : Bonthain Peak, at 7000 to 10,000 ft.,
A, H. Everett, 3
Caules ip m 10 poll. longi. Folia 5-10 lin. longa, Capsule
2-3 lin. late
This is iir to Beecari's 603 from Western Sumatra, but that is a
glabrous plant.
255. E T Everettii, Hemsl. [Composite] ; fruticulus vel herba
nana, erecta, lignescens, ferrugineo-pubescens, ramulis graciliusculis,
tüternodiis brevissimis, foliis crassiusculis chartaceis sessilibus ovato-
oblongis infra medium subito constrictis angustis basi do SMS grosse
paucifloris. corymbosis breviter pedunculatis, corymbis terminalibus,
involucri. ecalyculati bracteis uniseriatis ferrugineo-pubescentibus
linearibus vix acutis quam flores paullo brevioribus, corolle alte lobate
glabre tubo brevi tenuissimo lobis angustissimis, styli ramis frauen
penicilati acheniis (maturis non visis) cylindricis striatis glabri
Habitat.—South Celebes: Bonthain Peak at 10,000 ft., € RH.
Everett, 87.
Folia 14-2 poll. longa, 5-10 lin. lata. Bractex circiter 3 lin. longs. -
256. Scaevola similis, Hemsl. [ Goodeniacee]; S. oppositifolie arcte
affinis et pérsimilis sed foliis distincte denticulatis foribus tetrameris
filamentis glabris; preter foliorum axillas barbatas et Pena
tte vel cito glabrescens, ramulis gracillimis viridibus, foliis oppositis
graci liter breviterque petiolatis tenuissimis lanceolatis lo onge acuminatis
basi rotundatis remote e calloso denticulatis, pedunculis axillaribus brevis-
simis sæpe trifloris, floribus parvis per anthesin sessilibus tetrameris
(an semper ?), calycis n minutis crassis ovato-oblongis obtusis
eds corolle extus dense pubescentis lobis squalibus intus infra
dium hirsutis, filamentis glabris, ovario pubescente, stylo crasso
fossi stigmate barbato
Habitat.—South Cilebep: Bonthain Peak, at 7000 to 10,000 ft.,
A. H. Everett, 58 in part.
. Folia cum petiolo 2-3 poll. longa. Flores 31-4 lin. longi.
This belongs to a small group of Steely allied species—-S. p cow
„folia, Roxb., S. amboinensis, Miq., and S. novoguineensis, Schum
inhabiting Ternate, Amboina and New Gak respectively.
257. Gentjana lateriflora, Hemsl. [Gentianaceæ] ; perennis ? —
caulibus erectis vel adscendentibus crassiusculis ramosis, foliis crass
39
culis. basi connatis internodos breves omnino vel in parte mequie:
anguste lanceolato-oblongis obtusis, floribus mediocribus .ad apices.
ramulorum lateralium solitariis subsessilibus, calycis lobis erassiuseu is
linearibus subacutis recurvis, corolle cylindriez lobis brevibus ovatis
acutis erectis dentibus ados deltoideis alternantibus, fauce nuda,
staminibus inelusis filamentis deorsum leviter dilatatis, capsula longe
stipitata, seminibus tee = ovoideis insigniter reticulatis.
Habitat. "e Celebes: Bonthain Peak at- Me" M" adi m
Everett, 78. |
E ap etes 3-9 olt: alta. Folia 6-18 iin. longa. Flores circiter 15
ongi
258. Strobilanthes Everettii, Rolfe; caulibus puberulis foliis petiolatis
lanceolatis v`elliptico-]
losis supra viridibus subtus glaucis, e terminalibus laxis paueifloris,
floribus alternis Mind ilibus, bracteis lanceolatis herbaceis, calycis
profunde -partiti lobis Diari sir subobtusis pubescentibus pilis
divaricatis, corolle tubo brevi fauce ampliato lobis rotundatis apice
bilobatis, nisus 4, capsulis pubescentibus tetraspermis, seminibus
parce hirsutis.
ilii ND Celebes: Bonthain Peak, at 7000 ft., A. H. Everett,
28.
Folia 1-4 poll. ie. —13 poll. lata ; petioli 1-5 lin. longi. Bractee
$-9 lin. longe. Calyx 4-6 lin. longus. Corolla 1 poll longa.
Capsula 6 lin. lon nga.
Much resembling the Himalayan S. divaricatus, T. And., to which it
is apparently most allied.
259. Loranthus A e n al celebicus, Hemsl. [Loranthaceæ] ;
Lee r, ramulis floriferis gracillimis crebre lenticellatis, internodiis quam
olia multo beiiniibus, folis omnibus oppositis tenuiter coriaceis
distincte petiolatis. lanceolatis — longe attenuatis acutis v
immersis inconspieuis, floribus gracillimis fasciculatis ternis sessilibus,
pedunculis paucis brevibus secus podaniolos communes axillares race-
uam folia di oribus, floru m fasciculis tribrac-
teolatis, bracteolis bees ibus latis rotundatis margine scariosis
yce truncato margine scarioso, corolla anguste cylindrica. recta. 5
vega —South Celebes: Bonthain Peak, 7000-10,000 ft., A. H.
[io 2-31 poll. longa, 6-12 lin. lata. Pedunculi communes 9-12
lin. longi. Fasciculorum pedunculi 1j-2 lin. longi, Flores 12—14 lin.
longi.
acutissimis rectis vel leviter faleatis supra subnitidis subtus opacis
pallidioribus .
Ha bit, Sont em Bonthain Peak, at 7000-10,000 ft.,
A, H. Everett, 3
Folia circiter jiliiond, 14-2 lin, lata.
40
61. Cyathea dulitensis, Baker. [Filices] ; caudice brevi, stipitibus
dense csespitosis elongatis brunneis superne nudis IL um imos
magnis patulis lineari-subulatis membranaceis
viridibus glabris nudis, richi brunneo subnudo, pinnis lanceolatis ad
b: : "
ad costa dnatis venulis obscuris s immersis erecto-patentibus furcatis,
soris tarien tis inter costam et marginem emanas indusio cam-
panulato glabro persistente fragili irregulariter rupto
Habitat. Pi Dulit, Sarawak, Borneo, Dr. Hote 308 ; collected
by Mr. Charles
Caudex laii ped — Lamina pedalis, 5-6 poll.
lata, pinnis 1 poll., pinnulis 2 lin. latis
262. Lindsaya (Eulindsaya) Natune, Baker. [Filices]; caudice
breviter repente, stipitibus contiguis elongatis nudis pallide brunneis
viridibus glabris nudis, rachi nudo pallide brunneo, pinnis jugis
tQ oc boiib ts , pinnulis multijugis crebris sessilibus dimidiatis
margin eriore recto integro margine superiore lobato, venis sim-
cà sis pe rspicuis inferioribus “furcatis, soris oblongis ad apices
l m impositis, indusio glabro persistente,
Habitat.—Natuna island, midway between North Borneo and the
Malay peninsula, Dr. Hose ; 915; collected by Mr. Ernest Hose
dalis. Pinne 4-5 poll. longe, 8-9 lin. late, ES
centralibus 4 lin. longis, 2 lin. latis.
Near L. guianensis, E
263. Asplenium (Euasplenium) Gregorie, Baker [ Eliot) caudice
erecto, paleis basalibus densis ascendentibus lanceolat membranaceis
sordide brunneis, stipitibus nudis elongatis, frondibus impio lanceo-
atentibus ad marginem haud attingentibus, indusio angusto glabro viridi
persistente.
Habitat. — Madagascar, near Inantasana, Mrs. Frank Gregory ;
collected in 1855.
Stipites 2-3 poll. longi. Lamina 3-4 poll longa, infra medium
8-9 lin. lata. Sort -4 lin. longi.
Near A. Gautieri, Hook.
264. Asplenium (Euasplenium) E Baker [Filices] ;
odios erecto, paleis basalibus densis lanceolatis membranaceis sordide
brunneis, stipitibus gracilibus ezspitosis brevibus pes frondibus sim-
plicibus lanceolatis integris acuminatis subcoriaceis utrinque viridibus
glabris ad basin attenuatis, venis erecto- patentibus laxe dispositis sim-
plicibus vel furcatis, soris linearibus ad marginem haud attingentibus,
indusio membranaceo glabro persistente.
rette —Natuna island, Dr. Hose, 322; collected by Mr. Ernest
Spite 1-2 ses longi. Lamina 6-8 poll longa, medio 4-7 lin.
lata. ;Sori 2-21 lin. longi.
Nen A. ensiforme, Wall.
: 41 `
265. Asplenium (Euaspleni bist) Katalin, ier [ Filices] ; caudice
a recto lignosó; -— is basalibus densis erectis lanceolatis membranaceis
ordide brunneis, stipitibus elongatis brunneis ad apicem minute saleatiets;
frondibus simplicibus d lanceolatis rigide coriaceis basi angustatis
facie glabris dorso minute paleaceis, venis crebris obseuris immersis a
marginem productis, soris linearibus ad marginem haud €—
indusio glabro persisten
E raso .—Naítuna adi Dr. Hose, 321; collected by Mr. Ernest.
. Stipites 4-6 poll. longi. D pedalis vel sesquipedalis, medio
12-21 lin. lata. Sori 5-6 lin. lon
Near A. serratum, Linn.
ee (Eunephrodium) oosorum, Baker [F sia TE
n pinnat
centralibus æquilongis, lobis ovato-lanceolatis crenulatis lev Ta nlai
venulis SIDE Ee: erecto-patentibus perspicuis 10—12-jugis, soris oblongis
inter costam et marginem medialibus, indusio membranaceo persistente
ente.
Habitat .— British North Borneo, near Gaya, Dr. Hose, 334.
Caudicem non vidi. Stipites pedales. Lamina 13-2 pedalis, 6-7
poll. diam. Pinne centrales 3-4 poll. longz, 7-8 lin, late, lobis basi
1 lin. latis.
Near N. invisum, Carruth., from which it differs in its oblong sori.
267. Nephrodium (Sagenia) Everettii, Baker UT espe,
gracilibus elongatis nudis eastaneis, fron d delto
branaceis glabris utrinque viridibus ad alam angustam 'pinnatiâdis,
liberis inclusis an anastomosanti tibus, soris sparsis cendi parvis glabris
superficialibus, indusio membranaceo g glabro pers
Habitat.—Natuna island, Dr. Hose, 332; sided y Mr: A. H.
verett.
Caudicem non vidi. Stipites 7-8 poll. longi. eo me 9-10 poll.
longa et lata, segmentis primariis, deorsum 1-2 poll. la
Near N. ternatum, Baker.
268. Polypodium (Eupolypodium) Newtoni, Baker [Filices|;
embranacei
caudice erecto, paleis fase ous lanceolatis brunneis me
stipitibus brevissimis nudis, frondibus linearibus glabris elasticis
iridibus simplicit pinnatis, i nigrescente, pinnis is
multijugis inzquilateraliter deltoideis obtusis latere re productis
inferioribus sensim minoribus, venà centrali pinnarum nigrescente
rd ad apicem haud producta, soris globosis superficialibus ad
n pinnarum solitariis
pt bitat.—Clarence iu Fernando Po, alt. 8000-9000 ft., ou the
stems of Erica arborea, Newton.
Lamina 14-2 poll. longa, medio 11-2 lin. lata.
Near the Jamaican P. exiguum, Griseb.
42
269. Polypodium (Phymatodes) cyclobasis, Baker [Filices];
Bit sessilibus basibus ee orbieularibus. valde imbricatis
co
riaceis venis perspic in areolis copiosis _hexagonis.
SG anastomosantibus ` sva asin linearibus integris. obtusis:
ad ain sensim angustatis, soris genes superficialibus xd
marginem irregulariter 1—2-seriat
— Habitat.—North-east New Guinea : 1894, Rev. C. E. Kennedy; —
received from Sir F. von Mueller. Msn) range, Tits em to 1500 ft.,
Micholitz ; received from Herr Kran
Lamine basi sterilis 3-4 bel cei et lata; apex fertilis pedalis,
medio 4 lin. lata. Sori 1 lin. dia
A most distinet species, with "ái combining an entire linear fertile
tip, with an orbicular sessile drynarioid base
270. Acrostichum (Elaphoglossum) clarenceanum, Baker |Filices] ;
caudice breviter repente, paleis basalibus densissimis linearibus
brunneis m membranaceis, stipitibus brevibus ad apicem paleis linearibus.
pallide — brunneis membranaceis squarrosis preditis, frondibus
sterilibus lineari-oblongis inte egris eme subcoriaceis basi angustatis
utrinque paleis copiosis ovato-lanceolatis vel lanceolatis acuminatis
membranaceis brunneis adpressis priéditis venis erectc-patentibus
avers immersis simplicibus vel furcatis, frondibus fertilibus ignotis,
Habitat.—Clarence peak, Fernando Po, alt. 6000-7000 ft., on
trees, Newton. ?
Stipites 14-2 poll. longi. Lamina sterilis 3-4 poll. longa, medio
10 lin. lata.
Near A. spathulatum, Bory.
DII.—DOMINICA.
This pisse e. and ptr island has occupied a good deal of
attention of late years. In spite of its fertile soil and healthy climate
its resources are still quite ii At the present moment its
h a
Presidene itself. A reference to the information published from time
to time in the Kew Bulletin was given in the volume for 1894 (pp. 405-
410).
2 general review of the agricultural resources of Dominica with an
account of the establishment of a Botanic Station in the island will be
found in a Report prepared by the Xiltün Director of nee after his
visit to the island i in 1890 (Kew Bulletin, 1891, pp. 115-
‘done at the Botanic Station in promoting local industries is published
in the Kew Bulletin, 1894 (pp. 405-410).
The following despatch from the Secretary of State for the Colonies
published in the Dominican of December 12, 1895, shows that efforts
43
are being made to grapple with the mination and place the finances of
the island on a more satisfactory footing :—
pedir s ite aie
ecem
"The following Despatch from the Right piktondtineble e Bertin of
‘State to his oe the Governor-in-Chief is published for general
information
Str, Do med du mana November 19, EL US
‘Tue serious financial position ca has for
engaged my serious attention. It appears That with a funded debt
. and n
to furnish a working balance, and that there is urgent need for certain
public works, viz., the repair of the Infirmary, the re-building of the
Roseau Jetty, the. repair of the Court House, the construction of bridges,
and vein of existing roads, the aggregate cost of which is estimated
to be about 5
2. I am at ‘the same time aware of the caer eed testimony which is
borne to the natural richness of the island, and of the absolute necessity
of roads or railways x its Pee p and I hive had before me the
late Sir Robert Hamilton’s Report an A subsequent correspondence,
3. I am satisfied iar at the present time the financial position of the
Presidency does not admit of its undertaking fresh liabilities in the shape
of a further loan for the construction of roads or railways, and that on
the other hand without better iit abl and the opening up of the
rich districts at present undeve lo on account of their inaccessibility
population will continue to leave the islan ii and that capital will flow
out of it instead of into it with the result of diminishing revenue, and
generel decadence
4. I have, ibibdfonis further considered the Et of affording
Imperial assistance to Dominica, and while I concur in my ater s
view that Sad actual claim to such assistance ichs on the receipt by
the Imperial Treasury of the proceeds of the sales of lands in 1765 to
1773 is x remote to be considered now, I —MÀ v this circumstance
affords some justification for exceptional ‘treatm
5. Any such assistance, in whatever golive sim necessarily require
the consent of the Lords Commissionets of the Treasury, and of Parlia-
ment, and until that consent is obtained it is ar aaa for me to pledge
myse elf in any wa ; but I may say that desire is to assist the
Presidency in developing its ae n rich resources, and to help to
place it on a sound financia
6. Before, however, I can be in a position to ask such assistance I must
know that the Legislature of Dominica, as I have no doubt wiil be the
case, are prepared to do their part towards the attainment of these objects,
and more dei that the Legislature are willing to vote the
additional taxation which is required to make the revenue balance the
expenditure, and to transfer the expenditure of the town of Roseau to
a Town Board to be met by municipal taxation as recommended by
ir R. Hamilton.
7. As some time must, in any case, elapse before any decision can be
arrived at as to the reme to be adopted, it will be necessary to make
temporary provision for the 15,0007. which is immediately required.
In framing the estimates for 1895 the Administrator should provide
for a sufficient revenue to cover the ordinary expenditure, but the
44
- of providing for the repayment of the floating debt and for
the c mentioned in paragraph l of this
Des sath may be left in abeyance for the present and the introduction
of a Bill providing the raising of a loan by Treasury Bills as authorised
by my Despatch No. 258 of the 8th of October should be deferred.
In order to save time I am sending a duplicate of this Despatch to
the X dfüfstrátor of Dominica.
ave, &c.
(Signed) J. CHAMBERLAIN.
DIII.—NEW ORCHIDS.—DECADE 16.
151. Restrepia sanguinea, Jo/fe; caule secundario brevi, vagini
lanceolatis acutis conduplicatis carinatis immaculatis, foliis "elliptiels
v. vltra connatis lobis apice subacutis, etalis basi lineari- Tiriceolatis
abrupte valde attenuatis apice subclavatis, labello subpandurato-oblongo
truncato verruculoso lobis lateralibus faleato-setaceis, columna clavata
incurva.
Har.-—Colombia.
Folia 13. pot longa, 8 Jin. lata. Vagine 10 lin, longe. Pedunduli
14-13 poll. longi. Bractec 3 lin. longe. Sepala 9 lin. longa. Petala
74 lin. longa. Labellum 5 lin, longum, 14 lin. latum, Columna 3 lin.
longa.
Introduced by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., of Bradford, with
whom it flowered in November last. It much resembles R. pandurata,
Rchb. f., in general character, but apart from structure it differs from
that and every other species in having wholly crimson flowers, with the
exception of a small yellow blotch at the base of the coiumi and the
extreme base of the lateral sepals.
152. Dendrobium quadrilobum, Rolfe; sarmentosa, caulibus ramosis,
pseudobulbis ~ fusiformi-oblongis brevibus monophyllis, foliis oblongis
v. elliptico-oblongis obtusis sessilibus, floribus terminalibus solitariis,
bracteis ovatis acutis concavis, sepalo postico ovato-oblongo subobtuso
Kerai apice triangulo-ovatis obtusis basi cum pede columnæ in
mentum longum extensis, petalis ovato-oblongis obtusis, labello trilobo
lobis lateralibus erectis angustis apice rotundatis denticulatis intermedio
profunde obcordato-bilobo laciniis rotundatis, disco bicarinato, columna
brevissima.
Har.—Uncertain, but probably New Guinea or one of the adjacent
islands.
Caules 6-9 poll. longi. Leo 1-1 poll. longi. Folia 1-1}
poll. longa, 5-7 lin. lata. Bracte@ 1 liu. longe. Pedicelli 6 lin, jong’.
Sepalum posticum 4 lin. longum, 2 lin. latum; lateralia 1 poll. longa,
4 lin. lata. Petala 4 lin. longa, 14 lin lata, Labellum 11 lin.
longum, 6 lin. latum. iius 1 Yin, longa. Mentum 9 lin. longum. |
A very distinct species of the section Cadetia, received in 1895
along with other Dendrobes, from F. A. poor Esq., M.P., Nun-
eaton, who obtaiued them from po It flowered at Kew in
45
October last. The leaves are unusually uel and the flowers "m for
the aede and uniformly pale whitish gree
Bulbophyllum longiscapum, Ro Tu rhizomate repente valido,
ftendoblti ovoideis monophyllis, foliis lineari-oblongis subacutis
. eoriaceis breviter petiolatis, scapis elongatis gracilibus apice flor se
bracteis distichis imbricatis conduplicatis carinatis triangularibus acutis
floribus paucis singillatim evolutis mediocribus, sepalo postico trian angu-
comm nato lateralibus similibus basi lati tis, petalis parvis
ova enticulatis apice setiferis, labello elongato basi
lato bicarimato apice pem atim attenuato acuto carnoso latere undulato
lobis lateralibus erectis — subobtusis brevibus carnosis, columna
oblonga dentibus setiformib
Has.—Fiji.
Pseudobulbi 3-1 poll. longi. "Folia 4-5 poll. e 9-14 lin. lata,
Scapi là ped. lo ngi. Bractee 4-5 lin. onge. Pedicelli 4 lin. longi.
Sepala 10 lin. longa. Petala * lin. longa. Lobellum. 8 lin. longum.
Columna 3 lin. longa.
Sent to Kew by Mr. Veoward, Curator, Botanical Station, Fiji, in
1891, with Hyduophytum < long iflorun y; A. Gray, It flowered in
November last, and is able in TET long scape and short
raceme, and a long atte nuated mr ag The flowers are light green, except
the foot of the column and the lip, which are red-purple, the latter
neg to deep yellow at the tip. The mid-nerve of the petals is also
_purple
154. Bulbophyllum macrochilum, uH pseudobulbis ovatis parvis
monophyllis, foliis lineari-oblongis subaeutis basi subattenuatis, scapis
elongatis gracilibus apice floriferis, ette ovato-oblongis acutis
earinatis, floribus paucis singillatim evolutis mediocribus, sepalis lineari-
lanceolatis Semen petalis a mi subacutis crenulatis, labello
elongato lineari-lanceolato acuminato latere undulato lobis lateralibus
erectis faleato diceisius, columna rri dentibus brevibus.
— Has.—-Borneo, G. D. Haviland,
perito 4-5 lin. longi. Folia 54 poll. longa, 11 lin. lata.
Scapi 10 poll. longi. Bractee 3-4 lin. longe. Pedicelli 4 lin. longi.
Sepala 10-11 lin. longa. Petala 1 lin. longa. Labellum 9 in longum
Columna 2 lin. longa.
Closely allied to the preceding, but readily distinguished by the
absence of a bristle at the apex of the petals, the short teeth of the
column, and the different colour. Dr. Haviland records the latter as—
‘‘ Perianth with pink longitudinal veins; lip pink ;. column yellow.”
Bulbophyllum attenuatum, Rolfe ; scapis Sti ow inum
tes ake bracteis distichis conduplicatis ee angulari-ovatis,
floribus paucis singillatim evolutis medioeri sepalo postico lineari-
lanceolato apice caudato-attenuato lateris biel triangularibus apice
caudato-atcenuatis, petalis lanceolato-ovatis aeutis v. apiculatis integris,
labello basi elliptico integro apice caudato-attenuato lineo medio
carnosiusculo, columna brevi dentibus brevibus
Has.—Borneo.
Scapi 9 poll. longi. Bractee 4 lin. longe. Pedicelli 6 lin. longi.
Sepala 1-1} poll. longa. Petala 1 lin. longa. .Labellum 10 lin.
longum. Columna 1 lin. longa.
46
Habit of the preceding species, but differing in having Seyi
sepals and lip; the latter without side-lobes. Introduced by
Linden, with whom it flowered in October, 1892. The ud s
veined with maroon-purple on a lighter ground, and the rest of the
flow er strongly suffused with the same colour.
. Lanium subulatum, Rolfe; pseudobulbis ovoideo-oblongis v.
mta diphyllis, foliis lineari-subulatis subacutis carnosis imbterii iue
canaliculatis arcu atis, paniculis pauci-ramosis brevibus pu ntibus,.
sd lanceolatis acutis, sepalis late lanceolatis fs Medie -
us pu grae d petalis m subacutis, labello elliptico-ovato
evi ter acumit cavo nervo medio crassiusculo, columna clavata.
Has fein prov. Minas Mon
Pseudobulbi e lin. longi, Folia ner poll. longa, 1-11 lis; lata..
Panicule 14 poll. longe. Bractee 3 lin. longæ. Pedicelli 14 lin. longi.
J la et petala 14 lin. longa. Labellum 1 lin. longum. Columna
1 lin. longa.
A curious little plant, introduced by Messrs. F. Sader & Co. It is
-the fourth known species of the genus, and differs from the rest in its
subulate leaves and much smaller flowers. The colour of the latter is.
pale green, with a little suffusion of pink in the sepals.
157. Epidendrum attentions, Rolfe ; foliis lineari-oblongis obtusis,
scapis panieulatis laxifl sepalis subspathu-
latis subobtusis, petitis spathulstis — labello libero trilobo lobis
lateralibus oblongis obtusis intermedio suborbiculari apieulato undulato
edio carinato venis elevatis, disco carnoso, hrec clavata.
Has.—Mexico.
Folia circa 8 poll, longa, 1} poll. lata. Bractee 1 lin. eros Pedi-
celli 9-10 lin. longi, Sepala 9 lin. npe Petala 8 lin. longa, Labellum
6 lin. longum. Columna 34 Tini onga,
This belongs to the section Encyelium, and is allied to E. selligerum,
Batem. and £. plicatum, Lindl, but has smaller flowers of mue
deeper colour. It flowered first with Messrs, "Lindéi; in October 1892,
The sepals and petals are v ery dark red-purple, and the lip a rather
lighter shade, in which respect it approaches Æ. Hanburyi, Lindl.
‘Spiranthes metallica, Rolfe; foliis- rosulatis subsessilibus
elliptic co-oblongis vibeeuttk metallicis interdnm pallido-maeulatis, scapis
elatis robustis pubescentibus vaginis subdistantibus tectis, bracteis
lanceolatis acuminatis coneavis pubescentibus, ovariis pubescentibus,
sepalis herbaceis pubescentibus lateralibus oblique oblongo-lanceolatis
acuminatis basi ovarii marginibus longe decurrentibus tubum longum
formantibus liberis postico oblongo laneeolato cum petalis in galeam:
connivente apice libero recurvo etn vetalis lanceolato-oblongis.
petaloideis apice liberis aeutis, labello longe unguiculato apiee ovato
subaeuto recurvo ungue infra medium sagittato, columna brevi.
Has. — Brazil, Gardner, u. 672, and British Guiana, Mimatta,
Jenman, n. 5914.
Folia 4-6 poll. longa, me poll. lata. Scapi 1-2 ped. alti. Bractee
id poll. longw. Ovaria 14-14 poll, longa. Sepala et petala 5 lin.
Ton Labelli unguis “i poll. longus, limbus 3-4 lin. —
Columna 3 lin. longa.
47
Closely allied to S. picta, € but the perianth-segments are only
"about half the size, and the ves are of a peeuliar olive-brown or-
` metallic shade, frequently bots a number of paler spots. It first
flowered with T Veitch i in 1882. The flowers are light green with-
a whitish lip.
159. Macodes sanderiana, Wolfe ; foliis ovato-oblongis v. elliptico-
oblongis subacutis in petiolum attenuatis insigniter variegatis, scapo
elato pubescente multifloro, bracteis
sepalis ovato-oblongis obtusis concavis, petalis lineari-oblongis obtusis,
‘abello basi ventricoso apice spathulato obtuso, sacco basi biglandulo so
apice utrinque dum ato, columna brevi.— 4n«cctochilus sanderianus,.
Kranzl. in Gard. Chron., 1895, xviii., p.
Has.—Sunda mes Forget.
olia 24-4 poll. longa, -— poll. lata. Scapus 1 ped. altus;
r&cemus 3 poll. longus. Bross e 3 lin. longo. Pedicelli 4-5 lin. longi.
Uem et — 21-3 lin. ionii Labellum 24 lin. longum. Columna
2 lin.
Introduced by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., with whom it flowered in
December last. It is allied to M. argyroneura, Rolfe (Hemaria argy-
a por but, among other characters, the ——— the nd
greenish-yellow veins, and the flowers = green lightly aarme" with
brown
160. Holothrix Johnstoni, Holfe ; scapo piloso, bracteis ovatis acutis:
concavis pilosis, sepalis o long is obtusis concavis conniventibus apice
pilosis, petalis linearibus obtina sepalis duplo longioribus, labello basi
oblongo apice MERE VOR ee lobis oblongis obtusis, calcare brevi
conico obtuso, columna breviss
Has.— British Cental try upper Plateau of Mlanje, near Zomba,
Sir H. H. Johust
-Scapi 5 poll. eli racemi AP. poll. longi. Bractee 2-25 lin Jonge.
Pedicelli 2 lin. lon ongi. Sepala 2} lin. longa. Petala 5 lin. longa.
Labellum 44 lin. longum. eerie lin. i e umna à lin. longa,
This resembles the South African Æ. con , Sond., but diffe:
in its much larger flowers, mid WEET ts The Taves” are
unknown,
DIV.—fWO AFRICAN HOLARRHENAS.
Soe ete Toca A. DC., and 7. febrifuga, Klotz.)
ade of Holarr,
M ve valid at Lagos *' the vm rubber tree.” Specimens of this
plant had been received at Kew on two occasions as the true rubber
tree of Lagos. ‘The latter, as stated in the Bulletin, has been deter-
mined to be Kickxiu africana, Benth.
The chief economie interest attached to Holarrhena africana is on
account of its medicinal properties. According to Wulfsberg,* the bark
* Holarrhena africana, A.DC. Inaugural dissertation of N, Wulfsherg (of
Christiana). Gottingen, 1880.
48
is known at the Gold Coast as * Gbomi " or “ mS elt Harnberger
is quoted as having paid the sum of twenty pounds for a native cure
he E This proved to be the bark of TI las africana
in palm wine. The bark is also said to yield an alkaloid
simlar to conessine, the E principle in the bark of the Indian
H. antidysenterica. A similar use of the bark of 77. africana is
referred to by Fianchon iid: E. Collin in Les Drogues Simples, p. 704
Mr. G. F. Scott Elliot on specimens of Holarrhena "—
collected by him at'Sierra Leone, simply adds: ** The people at Layah
use the feathers for pillows.” In Olivers Flor. Trop. Africa, iii,
44, iv is stated that “ Rondeletia pU G. Don (Gard. Dict. iii
pp. 9 and 6, No. 17) is Holarrhena africana, DC,” which belongs to
the Apocynace. In the Bulletin, p. 245, it was inadvertently referred
Wes
to the Rubiacexw. It is apparently confined to t Africa, and all t
specimens at Kew are from that region. It ranges mee Sierra Leo oti
to the lower Niger, and was sent from Lagos by Captain: (now Sir
s
Moloney in 1883. We are oe TESI reier information
as to its value, if any, as a rubber plan
A common plant in East Africa, speci in the Zambesi region,
called * Quina" by the or and figured in Livingstone's
* Missionary Travels," 1857, p. 648, under the naiive name of
* Kumbanzo," is Holarrhena febr ifuga. This was collected at Tette
by Sir John Kirk in 1859; in the Manganja Hills by Mr. C. J. Meller in
1861, and it extends westward baread Lake ene and northward "
sambara ke and Grant it “Jasmine” on account of t
‘sweet odour of the flowers. ees eines in the Kew Herbaum
are from Usugara in what is now German East Africa.
Livingstone refers to the use of the — in cases of fever. The
* name and properties of this bark," he says, * made me imagine that it
was a cinchonaceous tree.” His further Ls is as follows: “The
thiek soft bark of the root is the part used by the — the
Portuguese use that of the tree itself. I immediately om o use a
decoction of the bark of the root, and my men’ foun so sf ewan:
that they collected small quantities of it for teri vos: e^ kept it in
little bags for future use. Some of them said that they knew it in their
own country, but I never happened to observe it. The decoction is
given after the first paroxysm of the complaint is over. The Portuguese
believe it to have the same effects as quinine, and it may prove a
substitute for that invaluable medicine."
aa Pee cree of —— value of aie nsi dale in e; Africa,
t die :
as of H. africana in rica, d H. anti-
Ayrenterica in wate The bark of the hi fey ih si p? seeds of
the latter “are amongst the: most important medicines of the Hindu
Materia Medica." (Watt? s Dict. Econ. Prod, India, iv., 255).
Mr. C. J. Meller, already quoted, collected numerous specimens of
Holarrhena febrifuga. He, however, says nothing about the medicinal
properties of the plant, Attached to specimens collected in the
Manganja Hills in 1861 he gives the following information : * * Maconga’
or *Macombi. Flowers white. Trailing and climbing to a
height, with rough corrugated bark; yields a plentiful thin juice
affording the india-rubber of the natives; tree v very abundant, Mino.”
Another specimen of the same plant, also collected by Meller in the
Manganja Hills, at an elevation of 1 to 3000 ft., is marked “ * Kacopi.
A native rubber is obtained from this and also: several others, two of
i
49
which are represented in the Mino parcel.” The pena s MESE as
“a tree 10-25 feet high, yields a milky juice; flowers w
It may be added that Dr. Stapf regards Holarrhena ey Kl., and
H. tettensis, Kl, both from East Africa, as forms of H. febrifuga.
DV.—NATURAL SUGAR IN TOBACCO.
The following papers record the solution of an interesting Proble
which was submitted to patti some years ago by the Treasury. Its
primary importance wa ely fiscal, but its jene onn led to the
discovery of some striking Jaen which do not appear to have been
published since.
The * standard authorities " at the time were not prepared to admit
*the presence in tobacco of more than a trace of saccharine matter.”
On the other hand experiments made at Somerset House ** with tobacco
grown at Kew " showed “a considerable amount of sugar to be present ”
naturally. E
Professor Church was so good - to examine the MÀ and it
appeared, at least as far as "ferm acco was ed, to
x sed confirm the standard atloritid ies.
ecame clear that the question could only be solved by further
investigation, and Dr. Hugo Miiller, F.R.S., who is an acknowledged
authority on the chemistry of the carbo- -hydrates, was so good as to
undertake it.
__ The results, as far as the fiscal question was concerned, were abso-
lutely conclusive. From a scientific point of view they were not less
valuabl
found to contain as as 15°2 per cent. of saccharine matter. The
sun-dried leaves of Nicotiana Taba w contained
6-2 per cent., and those of a form of the same species grown at Ewe
Railway Station as much as 9 per cent., * the largest quantity found in
the leaves of plants grown in this country.”
to the nature of this sugar, Dr. Hugo Müller was led * to the
sugar-like er mennie which, so far ,as my present knowledge goes,
I must consider as new to chemistr ry
Treasury TO Royai GARDENS, Kew.
Treasury, S.W., August 7th, 1883.
DEAR eR Joseen HOOKE
HAT difficult question of botanical chemistry has arisen
in pe actical Form, in connexion with the tobacco duties, upon which
d
than cigars) is 4s. 4d., except in the case of “ sweetened " Sabato, which
i i e are
ed. It is
importation of * Sdiri " duties that the present difficulty has
ri
U 90781. : B
Mo. Bot. Garden,
50
Previous ae and a have always ance that there is no
appreciable amount of native sugar in tobacco, and consequently when
any was found on enin P has been assumed to beadded. Certain im-
porters have recently asserted that in some sweetened cigarettes of theirs,
detained by the Customs, the saccharine matter is not added but native,
and have brought forward a report by Professor Attfield, Chemist to:
the Pharmaceutical Society, in favour of the possibility of this being:
: ell, the Government Analyst at Somerset House, also
reported that the sugar in this case “ was natural to the tobacco and h
not been added thereto." Moreover, Dr. Bell had made experiments.
with tobacco grown at Kew (in which there could be no suspicion that
anything had rns e sf added), and found a considerable amount
of sugar to be p
n the othr dent: we are informed that the standard authorities do
mention s sid S
‘although there seems to be a préttiutdimifico of authority i in favour of its
being (at least occasionally) so present, the question is not free from.
Assuming, however, that the cepe of its presence be admitted,
the question arises whet er sugar naturally present can practically be
distinguished by analysis from that which is added. This is of i import-
ance because of the question of allowing cigarettes to be imported ;
moreover, the higher rate on “sweetened” (manufactured) tobacco is
imposed as an equivalent to the restrictions placed on the home manu-
facturer, and it would not be logically defensible to make the same
extra charge if the article were proved to in its natural condition.
ere, again, we have a conflict of opinion, Dr. Bell saying that the
added and the natural sugar could be distinguished, while the gentleman
who advises the Board of Customs on such questions says they "could not
be so, în a tobacco infusion.
If you could give any advice or suggestion to help the Government
in deciding upon these two points, it would be Mad acceptable,
Yours very tru
(Signed) S. E quee Rick.
Proressor CuuncoH, F.R.S., ro Royan GARDENS, Kew,
Sucar IN Topacco.
The presence ofa sugar in fresh tobacco seems to have been first
ascertained by J. Nessler; see his Der Tabak, seine Bestandtheile und
seine Behandlung ; Mannheim, 1867. The amount is very small and
it wholly disappears during the fermentation to which the leaf is sub-
jected in the process of curing. In Grandeau's Traité d'Analyse des
Matiéres Agricoles (Paris, 1877), page 278, it is Stated that the sugar
occurs chiefly “dans la moelle de la tige. Dr. J. Koenig’s
Nahrungs- und Genuss-Mittel (Berlin, 1879-80) contains a good deal
of analytical information about tobacco (see pp. 493 to 502 of Volume iL.,
also pp. 194-8 of Volume I.) The abstract of papers in the Jahres-
bericht der Agricultur-Chemie (24 vols.) contain no further informa-
tion.
(Signed) A. H. CHURCH-
Shelsley, Kew, August 10, 1883, à
51
Dr. Huco MÜLLER, F.R.S., To- TREASURY:
13, Park Square East, N.W
E 17th December 1883.
IN compliance vii the p— in your letter of the
1th n I have carried ot a series. o£. —— with the view
your questions 9%
oe As: As to whether natüral nes icta matter is contained in saa
sun-dried or : tobaceos; — :
"Ey "Whether such. sugar- ean be dist i ujrtiibed: wit paaria cer-
— for Revenue purposes from that which may 2: added.
I may state that my answers are both in the affirmative
I regret P me unavoidable delay in rendering this report, but I felt
that unless I could devote sufficient time to the carrying out of the
experimental - necessary, my opinion iod m zy little weight.
(Signed) ' Hees MÜLLER.
Leonard H. Courtney, Esq., M.P.,
Treasury Chambers, S.W.
Hijomr on the occurrence of Saccharine —Xs in — kinds of
Commercial Tobacco
In collecting we — ials for this investigation I took pains to secure,
as much as pos , good representative specimens of the particular
kinds of vaso i in quástion, and for this purpose I selected myself at
wholesale houses the various samples I required from the hogsheads or
óriginal nn et in ord the raw tobacco is —
ared to of special importane o obiain also furtker
evidence as » the presente of sugar ora kaat ne ete n the ka "nz
tobacco plants, I applied to the authorities of Kew, and 1 have great
fora supp in ves etm here the readiness with which my request
or a supply of leaves was complied with in that quarter. I must,
ever, not omit to mention that at the time when I was requested to
undertake the present investigation, the season was alrea ady too far
advanced for me to secure a seme r quantity of fresh material for an
exhaustive examination of this subj
The samples of commercial t tines were all of pale colour and most
of zem were of the kind which in the trade is known as “sun-dried ”
tobac
The. following is a list of the I examined :— Alzerian,
mea Gr eek, Turkish, Syrian, Chinese, Virginia leaf, Bright
Vir
The C— tests usually employed for the detection of sugar, or
saccharine substances, established the fact that nearly all of them
tained more or less, and after some preliminary trials I adopted the
Du HN or tS one da process for the quantitative determinations.
give following list the percentages of saccharine matter thus
obtain pa
Algerian : - - * none
Kentucky - - = non
reek + - - - - a trace,
Turkish - - - - - 2°3 per cent,
Syrian - ~ - "25 jf
Chinese - * m *
3:5 ii
: B2
-52
Virginia leaf - - - - 5°4 per cent.
» another sample - - 7:2 »
another Mpk - « 9*8 »
Bright sar - 10°6 $5
another plè E ure VE »
5:2
another sample -1
It will thus be seen that whilst the oriental tobaccos contain ony a a
small quantity, the “percentage in some of the Virginian is surprisingly
high. The presence of so large an amount of saccharine matter was so
unexpected that I thought it desirable to repeat the e in 2
case with three different lots from the same tobacco; but this only
served to confirm the — results, the numbers obtained varying only
with one half per cen
all appearance the quality of the kind of tobaccos under examina-
tion coincides with the percentage of saccharine matter, for those
which had been pointed out as the better sorts contained the larger
quant ity.
It né that the best Mene of the bright yellow Virginian is
characterised by a uniform bright AT A e and by its well
de veloped, üüscally large leaves, which a or less entire, and
manufacturers. It becomes therefore quite possible, after a little
practice, to select with eomparative ease the kinds of tobaccos which
contain a high percentage of saccharine matter.
The oriental tobaccos which I examined were not of a high class, —
as I was unable to obtain samples of the better kinds, I am not i
a position to state m these tobaccos ever contain as much AE
matter as the Virg
The Algerian T Kentucky leaf, which were found to be free on
saccharine matter, cannot be strictly classed with so-called sun-dried
tobaccos, for although of a light colour they were of a distinctly different
tint, verging on brown, and this may be cousidered as an indication that
they were not prepared or cured by the same process as the bright
Virginian.
The leaves of growing tobacco plants which I received from Kew were
eollected at the end of August and the beginning of S AE MET. and as I
was then absent from town they were carefully dried in the sun. The
samples were but small, consisting of a few leaves of each m Their
colour was a faded green and not like that of tobacco.
re were in all ten sorts or varieties of the two rim species
Nicotiana Tabacum aid Nicotiana rustica, the former being the one
chiefly cultivated in America, whilst the latter seems to furnish most of
the oriental tobace
It may te sufficient for the present purpose to state that in all these
specimens the presence of saccharine matter was indicated, but very
different amounts, as will be seen from the followiug list :—
Nicotiana — var. rustica E - 1:5 per cent.
Shiraz tobac - - = 4'6 ğ
N. rustica - B - - 4°0 »
. Tabacum, var. virginiana - - 2:3 »
Maryland tobacco - - . 0:0 29
Nicotiana Tabacum - - - - 6:3 j
hilsa tobacco - - 3°5 »
N. haere var. atinedke - - & 42. —y
Y : gigant zh. ow ae
4°5 io?
acéphyllu €— - =- -
53
_ I had also an opportunity of examining green leaves of N. Tabacum
var. immediately after being taken fro A ae at the Zoological
Gardens, and at Ewell railway ee Of the former, one sample was
taken from plants which -had rot flowered, aid it contained nearly 2
a mere trace was detected. The sample from Ewell, however, which
was collected iu the middle of O eben contained a little over 9 per cent.,
the largest quantity found in the leaves of plants grown in this country,-
and it is a noteworthy fact - = 3 Taras contained also more starch
than any of the other speci :
- It is to be understood that all these percentages are referred to air-
dry leaves containing from 12 to 13 per cent. of moisture, whilst the
commercial tobaccos mentioned above contained from 13 to 15 per cent.
It will thus be seen that the percentage of saccharine matter varied
very largely in these specimens, and from considerations which it would
0
or ding additional cae that cete ine matter is a me E
constituent of the tobacco plant, they are in no way conclusive as to the
quantity w may under more favourable circumstances be produced
by this piik It is more than probable that the — which, even
hen grown in this country, produced as much as 9 per cent., may, when
cultivated in Virginia, yield a very much larger TES and even so
i an E as the 15 per cent. found in * Bright Virginia" seems
now no longer surprising.
I am informed that it is only of late years that tobaecos with a
APT percentage of saccharine matter have made their appearance in
commerce, when, in consequence of the fashion of cigarette smoking
becoming more general, the great demand for the yellow sun-dried
tobaccos induced the Virginian growers to produce a tobacco imitating
the eee type, and should it hereafter be proved that some kinds of
yellow ccos from certain localities invariably contain considerably
more n it than others, we m safely conclude that this development of
saccharine matter is a mere accidental effect of the improvement of the
cultivation.
rom a Pn on tobacco published at Richmond, Virginia, by
Robert L. land, we learn how much care and attention are Tequired
in the cultivation and curing of the yellow tobacco. Th ho
8
of this manufacture, it will be sufficient to state that the conditions
observed are prec isely ae which would preclude as much as practicable
every possibility -$ cn or the destruction of saccharine EC
contained in the gr
For the Vd, we are ignorant of the chemical rer p involved in
: it mbles t
hypothesis receives some support from the observed fact that the
vigorously growing leaves of certain plants will show a little while after
Although I have in the foregoing shown that a very considerable
quantity of saccharine matter may be present in certain kinds of tobacco
^
54
as a natural ru T———À I had no means of proving that so large an
amount as 15 per cent. (the quantity I found in the best bright MÀ
eaf) was deua by the plant itself. I may, however, mention some
matter to effect an addition of sugar to tobacco wishous its presence
being betrayed.
According to direct experiments made with some of the yellow
tobaecos under examination and with one of the specimens of leaves
rom Kew, it seems that the amount of matter E. —— which is
soluble in cold water, varies only within a few per c
1 soluble in water.
Bright Virginis Ee 43* 6 insoluble in water.
Virginia leaf ‘7 soluble in water.
Nicotiana Tabacum, var. f 58:0 soluble in water.
attenuata, from Kew. | 42°5 insoluble in water.
pae will.be readily seen from this that the addition of even a few per
ts. of sugar to tobaccos of this class would upset the average propor-
pea of aiai and insoluble matter, = ‘ss a proportionate amount of
soluble matter had been previously remo
inade also an experiment to iatrodu 53 is sugar into one of the d
kinds of Virginia leaf by means of steeping the leaves into a sug
solution of moderate strength, and drying them cateti weis nd
I found that by this process not only was the colour very considerabl
deteriorated, but the sugar seemed to have penetrated "but little, for its
presence on the surface was readily perceptible by the stickiness and
sweet taste.
Having now given my answer to the first question, by having shown
that saccharine matter forms a natural constituent of the tobacco plant,
and that there is every reason to believe that the saccharine matter
e b.
is also. natural and ed, I will now enter upon the discussio
the second question, as to whether such natural sugar can be dis-
tinguished with suffieient certainty for revenue purposes from that
which may be a
The many substances which are comprised in the general term
“saccharine matter ” or sugar, are characterised by certain chemical and
physical properties which they have in common, and by which as a class
they can be recognised. re also acquainted with certain specific
reactions by which the pristipel members of this class of bodies, viz.,
cane su (saecharose), fruit sugar (invert sugar), and'starch sugar
(glucose or dextrose) ean be detected when mixed with other soluble
substances, without actually separating or isolating them. In conjunc-
tion with these chemical reactions, it is the optical test, 7.e. the specific
action of the different sugars on polarised light, which affords the
means we depend on when we search for them or wish to determine
their quantity.
It is thus that the well-known ^Fehling's copper test" and the
out of all ENT to the amount of saccharine matter "inated
T ye two chemical tests,
55
— Y noticed this cnet on the ae light, not only when testing
he RUE tobaeeos, but also in a few when the material frou
fresh leaves was sufficient for the experient.
This vit of optical activity is very remarkable, and as the ceiniad
matter of tobacco differs in this respect from the ordinary sugars we
must conclude that we have to do here with a new kind of sugar
edt
- Besides this, it was just possible that this saccharine matter was in
zeality fruit sugar, or invert-sugar, in which the two compounds, the
left-handed rotating levulose, and the right-hand rotating glucose, are
present in such a proportion that the rotation is compensated and
becomes nil. For the present purpose, it was of TI importance that
this END should be removed, the more as I have it on good
authority that inactive invert-sugar has ev dy now and then been
noticed in commerce, and, meinen the polariscope might not under all
circumstances prove to be. reliable a means for detecting i in manu-
factured tobacco any rst paini, of sugár,
. Conclusive evidence could only be cbtained by a chemical study of
the tobacco sugar in its pure state, and Gat this purpose I have prepared,
with the expenditure of much time and labour, a sufficient quantity of
this substance in as pure a condition as the known methods for isolating
these kinds of todies will admit.
s saccharine matter thus extracted from Bright Virginia leaf forms
an amorphous gum-like pale yellow substance, Teadily- soluble in the
strongest ead and also in water, with which it forms a thick treacle,
possessing but a very faint sweet taste, which is another marked
di E P the ordinary sugar
On submitting now this pe to a further treatment which,
under the supposition t that it was composed of levulose and glucose,
would have effected their separation, I obtained a small quantity of a
eps which, am Levulose, formed with caustic lime a solid compound,
but turned the ray of polarized light to the right, whilst the larger bulk
foret a liquid compound with lime, and exhibited a very small rotation
to the left.
These results lead me to the conclusion m neither l»vulose nor
glucose was present, and that the saccharine matter of tobacco is com-
of atleast three different sugar-like se sa ian so far as
my present knowledge goes, I must “consider as new to chemistry.
As the practical result of this inv estigation, I must, therefore, express
it.as my opinion that the presence of natural sugar in tobacco does not
e the possibility of detecting by md means any plies nugar
which might be added to tunncelauudit tobaceo.
e ya a 17th, 1883.
DVI.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
Botanical Magazine for January.—All the subjects figured are —
drawings prepared from plants grown at Kew. Talauma Hodgson
long known from the fine representation of it in Hooker's liena
of Himalayan Plants, flowered in the Temperate House, after being
56
20 years in the establishment. Unfortunately the gorgeous flowers fall
almost as soon as they expand. The showy Acidanthera equinoctialis
ei was raised bed corms sent from Sierra Leone, in 1893,
Captain Donovan. Lonicera Alberti is one of Dr. Albert Regel's
numerous discoveries in Turkestan, and was rai t Kew from
- young plant presented by his late father Dr. de Regel, “Director of the
Imperial Gardens at St. Petersburg. It is one of the prettiest species
America. The Kew plant was obtained from M. Li ida of Ghent, in
1882. Cyrtopodium virescens is a Brazilian species, imported by
Messrs, Sander, from whom the Kew plant was procured in 1893.
Hooker's Icones Plantarum.— The second part of the current volume,
plates 2426 to 2450, contains figures of several plants of unusual
interest. Foremost among these is the Juan Fernandez sandalwood, San-
talum d of which some ee are given in the Kew
Bulletin, 1894, p. 110. JWoodrowia an alopyrum are new genera
of grasses from India. Several of the novelties discovered by saw
Li
Lunt (the Kew collector who item seti Mr. Bent's expeditio
M i iously described
hirtum (Com site), the singular Zpom«a crinigera and the tre
arp
us of Aca nthaceæ from the neighbouring Somaliland. Cyclocheilon
Sois Fonie (Kew tn iion 1895, p. 222) is an anomalous genus from
the same country referred to the Scrophularinex, though further in- `
vestigation leads to ue conclusion that it would be better placed in the
Acanthacee.
Hand-list of Orchids.—This hand-list was issued in January. The
following account is pieni in we Preface of the history and extent of
the orchid collections at
* ''he collection of Orchids cultivated at Kew is essentially different
Orchidee in as cupri a way as possible. ‘Che scientific interest
attaching to orchids is very great. But even as regards form they can
only be studied from dried i s with great difficulty, and as
regards their v aried and remarkable srüctürál arrangements and
kin
— they cannot be studied in the dried state at al. While the
collection contains representatives of all the most beautiful and
scl species, it is more especially rich in others which at first sight
are not particularly attractive. Most of these, however, on careful
examination wili be found to possess no small degree e of charm and
interest.
57
“ig Dr. Pfitzer, eae of Botany in the University of
He id elberg, came to Kew to study in the Jodrell Laboratory the Kew
—— of pese for oy Peik known researches on their morphology,
as continued to draw on it since for further aid.
" Dried herbarium specimens of orchids are not easily procurable.
Species frequently flower at Kew of which no other material exists
available for study. By this means the Herbarium of the Royal
Gardens has been ¢ apaa enriched. And in this respect it is also
under great obligations to Glasnevin, the Right Honourable Joseph
Chamberlain, Sir Trevor peers an
“ The task of exhibiting a collection of orchids to the public is not an
y The dimensions of the houses which are suitable to their
cultivation and the conditions which it requires are such as to preclude
the admission of visiters. ‘This is o aweves, of the less ng as
dem These houses a are not suited to the permanent cultivation of the
bulk of the cohections which at other times is carri in the orchid
its (
“The uin of orchids is one of the Gil reuiskcábie mente
ments of modern horticulture. Kew has otko the means nor th
The
President of the Royal Horticultural Society in.1885 complained, in
his o opening address to the Orchid Conference held in that year, that
‘there is no sufficiently representative collection of orchids there (at
Kew) at present.’ It is hoped that the yiii Hand-list, which
enumerstes 200 genera and 1800 species (inelading about 50 garden
hybrids), will remove that reproach as far, at any rate, as its representa-
tive character is concerned. And it is only right to suy that in arriving
at this result Kew is under great d to the liberality of Sir
Trevor Lawrence, the Keeper of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin,
collection has, however, been built up by direct importation and
purchase.
Orchids have been continuously cultivated at Kew from their earliest
introduction into this country. The varied fortunes which have attended
the collection practically reflect the history of the progress which has
been made in the art of growing orchids under artificial conditions,
The first exotic orchid which was introduced into English gardens
was Bletia verecunda, which was obtained from Providence Island,
Bahamas, by Peter Collinson, in 1731, and flowered in the following
1802 Francis Bauer, who was * resident draughtsman for fifty yeurs to
the Royal Botanic .Garden,” discovered and figured the “ nucleus of
the cell," an all-important "body, the first description of which was
published by Robert Brown in 1833.
In the first edition of Aiton's Hortus Kewensis 15 non-British species
are enumerated as cultivated at Kew. Sir J. E. Smith wrote: “We
58
have scarcely seen any one species of this genus Aetnae s i except
jn a dry state, before the year 1787, when Æ. cochleatum flowered at
Kew, nor was it till October 1782 that Æ. fragrans, of € exhibited
its rich and elegant bloom in the ese rich collection. — esent
` -several species are to be seen flowering in the spring and autu
In the second edition of the Hortus Kodex: (1813) 115 mmis are
-enumerated, of which 84 are exotics belonging to 39 genera, “the
greater number, " John Smith states, in his Records of Kew (p. 228),
* being epiphytal and natives of the West etae a few of the East
Indies, Cape of Good Hope, and New South W
According to the same writer Dr. Roxburgh mine a number of species
from id) in the early part of the nes century. These, writes John
Smith, “I found growing in 1822, on a sheif above a flue against the
‘back vi in what was then called m propagation house ; the —
growing and flowering uas its aee Pvt n the back wall, a
also Saccolabium guttatum. ‘Ther e also plants of Dordoka
Pierardi and D. cucullatum foeni trodls which. iren recently been
brought home from Calcutta by Mr. Pierard” But it was to Roxbur gh
that English gardens owed, besides the first pred the first Dendro-
bium, and the first Vanda.
These * back walls” are only seldom found in modern horticulturai
struetares; but they were not without their merits.
At this period, with dns exceptions above mentioned, the orchids at
Kew “ were potted in common soil, and the pots plunged to the rim in
a tan Rea It is not i ‘that "their cultivation was attended with
little su
A little Á— ‘than this the first step was taken in the direction of
modern treatment. Sir Joseph Banks devised and carried out at Isle-
worth a method which was “one of the most successful modes of
treating epiphytal orchids then known." Mr. H. J. Veitch, F.TuS.,
in his excellent "gone account of * Orchid en past and present ”
(Journ. R. Hort. Soc., 1889, xi, pp. 115-126), remarks :—‘ This was
the first rude Serves ohio our modern orchid basket, and v first
instance I find recorded of moss being used for mina p. 1
According to John Smith (Records, pp. 229, 230) :—* bets ihe
years. 1823 and 1825 a considerable number of ae were received
from Trinidad, forwarded by Mr. David Lockhart, the superintendent
of the g garden, amongst which were the first plants of Stanhopea
insignis, Oncidium Papilio, Pesce Be elegans, (oum tridentatum,
hers all of which were epiphytal, an
many of them being sent PINE on portions of bodie as cut HI
the trees, which being accompanied by instructions from Mr. Lockh
as to how dE should be treated, led to the successful cultivation a
epiphytal ore
A whole renda was, however, to pass away before the culture of
orchids was placed on an intelligent footing. Dr. Lindley during the
l. c p.
Th irteen years date he was ‘substantially ronGwed. by Mr. Bniet: i
‘except the important direction to give the plants a season of rest”
él. c. Lie 12 à
M The cultural treatment approved by een ** became, as it were, the
ox one, and was generally ersisted in, in ‘all its essential
ots, for upwards of thirty years,"
59
wo men, however, broke away from the current i del CO with
conspicuous success. ‘‘ One of the first of these was Jose
gardener to Earl Fitzwilliam, at Wentworth" (1885). “A Pn bolder
innovation was adopted shortly afterwards by Paxton, at Chatsworth."
In both cases the essential innovations were lower temperature and
increased ventilation. The old tradition still, however, held its ground :—
**plants perished under the barbarous treatment they received in the
hot-houses of this country almost as fuk as they were im] [U
such an extent were the losses felt, that Lindley, in a remarkable article
published in the Gardeners Chronicle tow ards the P e x or
pronounced xo treatment ‘a deplorable failure, and
Bateman also some years later characterised as vinerdaible” ‘folly?
(Veitch, 7. c.,
The first great step in the improvement of orchid culture was “the
Elcot, near Newbu he inventor of the process is said to have
been à Mr. ishinen » (Veiteh , 1. €., pp. 122, 123).
The same writer sarap in the following words the chief features of
modern practice :—“ Larger and more airy structures, with sera
compartments for dierent climates (for large collections even separate
houses) ; a lower average temperature, the admission of more light and
air, and a better system of heating, shading, and ventilation" (Z. c.,
p. =
It must, however, be admitted that a peat he number of species
still féfdee A submit to pre aet conditi Cattleya citrina,
many species of Oncidium, and the eautiful Cingalese Dendrobium
‘MasCarthie are examples familiar Mt every orchi er
One species, however, that is usually found to b: m Diacrium
bicornutum, has always been grown at Kew with little difficult
the other hand it seems. impossible to grow Dua grandiflora there with
success that attends its n at Edinburgh and Chatsworth.
Perhaps the most baffling genus of all is Anæctochilus, the species of
which, under wiped identical conditions, will sometimes flourish
with facility, while at other times, for no discoverable reason, they
refuse to grow at à
In 1846 the T house, which now forms the east wing of the
ont Fern House (No. II.) was erected on the site of an old stove
(No. 3 of Dr. Lindley's Report. Sir William Hooker described it (in
1846), as “ occupied with a rich and inestimable collection of orchideous
plants (of which a great propor ortion was presented by Her Most
Gracious Majesty).” "This gift was recorded by him in 1844 as “ the
entire and valuable collection oe orchideous plants formed at Woburn
Abbey, which on being offered er by the pese ip of preatord,
to admit of a raised b through the centre, thus enabling (^ visitor
to look down upon each side of the hous se, while, ov r his head, and
from the rafters on either hand, are suspended wire basta filled With
beautiful tropical epiphytes . . . cs the house in question aa REP n:
to another and cooler stove (No. 2. now the west wing of No. 1I.
are enabled to remove the splendid ipli tes, when in ‘blossom, toa cae
heated atmosphere, and thus preserve them in beauty for a much longer
60
time. The orchideous house is assuredly one of the most interesting
among the novel features of the establishment.”
i 1847 Sir William Hooker further recorded :— ** The orchideous
as proved admirable for its structure, mode of heating,
an the general arrangement; the plants, which have been increa
pun by the coed Aut dg of the Rev. J. Clowes, of Broughton Hall,
anchester, who willed his splendid collection of Or chidee to the
Royal Botanic Garden” It is somewhat remarkable that this is the
niy lik eade: the orchid collection at Kew has ever received.
of the orchids, however, did not thrive in the house oon
for thai which proved too large for the smaller species. wer
therefore removed to the present orchid pits (now No. XVI.) about
1851. From about 1855-1862 part of the collection was maintained i in
some old fruit-houses in the present herbaceous ground, which had been
remodelled and keated by hot water. In 1863 the whole of the orchids
had been removed to these houses and they remained in them till the
erection, in 1869, of those in NUS. they are now exhibited to the public.
The old houses were pulled down.
The orchid pits (XVI a & b) are amongst the oldest structures in the
establishment. They are the “double propagating pit 3° Dr.
h
o :
Lindley's Report (1840). The north end is formed by the only
maining portion of the wall of Methold’s garden (it having originally
belonged to Methold House, uu Director's present official residence),
which was added to the Botanic Garden in 1846. ‘These pits were
heated with hot water in 1842 d rebuilt on more modern principles
in 1884. 'The small Masdevallia house (XVI c) to the north was
reconstructed in 189.
According to John Smith n p. 235), * in 1848 the number of
species cultivated at Kew d to 755 and in 1850 to 830.” By
the same authority it is stated” in “1864 to have been 638. In 1868,
according to the Botanical Magazine (t. 5692), “ Kew only possessed
about four hundred epiphytic orchids”; in this enumeration there is
probably some error, as in 1872 the number of species and varieties in
cultivation was 851 belonging to 138 genera. Since that time the
collection has steadily increased.
The Kew Bulletin tor 1891 (pp. m contains a list of the orchids,
766 in number, which flowered in 1890
One striking evidence of the mastery which hortieulture has gradually
acquired over this diffieult branch of eultivation is the suecessful pro-
duction and rearing from seeds of hybrids. -
menced with the work of Dominy in the nurseries of Messrs.
This e
J. Veitch p Sons at Exeter in 1853, and it has been continued ever -
scientific value in indicating that many genera, reputed to be distinct,
are more pego epe than had been supposed. The great range of
species which as at its command suggests attempts of this kind.
And in the genus Disa it has produced crosses which are easy of
cultivation and will probably become popular as ornamental plants.
For the convenience of cultivators a reference has been given, as as far
as possible, to a published figure under each species. Where cepe
those in the Botanical Magazi ine have been cited. In other
preference has pe ae ke -- most oe accessible figure. It mu mn
ho
ever, be note pecies is, in many cases, figured undera —
w
different name ifi) ü thai cited in the Hand-list.
ELA T
Sak iin eee
61
EP. cutem names current in gardens have been included which have not
as yet ived a final botanical o these are indicated by the
ibbterialion * Hort." appended to
„Kater Supply — During the past year an important addition to the :
ping mac has been made by the erection of a triple expansion.
igh duty engine as an auxiliary to the compound beam engine which
i 8 i 1 The
home and abroad. It has two high-pressure, two intermediate, and two
low-pressure cylinders, arranged in line, and driving the pumps direct by
prolongations of the piston rods, the dimensions of the cylinders being
ins., ins, and 19 ins. respecti ively. Ali cylinders are steam
jacketed.
The special features of this class of engine are the very small amount
of fuel expended per indicated horse-power, and the smoothness and
efficiency in working. The discharge frem the pumps being practically
continuous there are no shocks upon the mains and they are conse-
quently free from the fluctuations of pressure which attend the wor ing
of engines of the old type. e new engine has been designed and
manufactured by Messrs. James Simpson & Co. . of Grosvenor Road,
Pimlico, and ihe general finish of the work is of the highest class,
The British Honduras Pine.—There has long been an impression in
‘the colony of British Honduras e: there are - species of pine on the
find any botanical characters to s separate what were pointed out to
him as the yellow and white kinds; and the specimens sent by him to
Kew were identified as Pinus cubensis, Griseb, The present Governor,
Sir Alfred Moloney, has sent further material which confirms the
original identification. Grisebach (Catalogus i ias Cubensium
p 217) piepie two varieties, which may pro godes distinet
Wright, the collector, seems to bave tho aght. The
possi raro geminis ; the other- foliis. geminis, raro ramen associated
with differences in the cones. The latter is named var. ? terthrocarpa,
Wright. The Honduras Pine is the same as the d and therefore
the original P. cubensis, Griseb. It is true that the leaves sometimes
vary in number, as indicated above, in both varieties, and on the same
branch ; but thereis not sufficient material at Kew to settle the question
and define the species. "The two other known West Indian species, P.
occidentalis and P. bahamensis are easily distinguished; the former
having the leaves in fives, and the latter very long leaves; but the
62
numerous Mexican and Central eria rp en require critical revision
before the limits of the species can be defined. "There is one point in
connexion with the shape of the que in oe section which does not
pear to be very generally known. Itis this: when there are two in a
sheath they are concavo-convex ; when there are three in a tess they
are biconcavo-convex, the inner face being concave or bi o far
as the Kew eum goes, all the leaves of the Honduras spe cnet appear
to be in thre
Sir Alfred Molonty also sent specimens of the Honduras oak (Quercus
virens) which, like the pine, descends to the sea coast, and is associated
with palms and other trees of tropical types.
Beetle larvae attacking Orchids.—Sir Trevor Lawrence, the President
of the Royal Horticultural Society, submitted to Kew pseudobulbs of
Dendrobium Imperatriz attacked b n Mr. WE B: dford
rer on Entomology at the Forestry branch of the Indian Civil
Engineering College, has kindly frhiéhed 4 the following report upon
them :—
beetle. They show; however, some xd divergens from the og
[ftis quite impossible t o ‘denify sé larve except when their mode
of life is such as to exclude any doubts. But it happens that the larve
of the only two known species of the genus Diazenes, Waterh., live in
orchids.
The second species, Diesen dendrobiit, Gahan (Ann, & Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 6, vol. xiii, „ p. 520) is known by four apecimens taken alive
or even p the genus must necessarily remai Mr cer unless the
beetle be bred from them. But I should conjecture that, from the
habitat i the host-plants, it will prove to be distin
Should Sir Trevor Lawrence be so unlucky as to ed out the beetles.
in his conservatory, I should be glad to see them and examine them,
But for the sake of the orchids, I would recommend that they be care-
fully looked over and the affected stems destroyed. If any plants are
so attacked as to be not worth saving they might be removed to a house
which contains no other orchids, and covered with gauze netting so as
to detain ony beetles which may breed out, if it is desired to rear them
for ang
But it go important that by careful supervision no affected ste
shall be left which will distribute the insect at large in the orchid- honik
when they have reached the winged stage. It might be possible to
save pseudobulbs not as yet badly i injured by destroying the enclosed
63
larva with a wire or needle, but cibo this ineans is practicable or
not must be left to the Sansideration of those who have care of the
plants.
WALTER F. H. Branprorp,
I may add that I have described a small boring-beetle (Xyleborus
morigerus) which has been very injurious in some conservatories to-
Dendrobia from New Guinea, having probably been sent out extensively
with the orchids by a firm of nurserymen. It is, rib not prese esent
in the portions sent.
Solanum torvum in Assam.—The following note is extracted from a
Report on a Botanical tour in the Lakhimpur district of Assam, by
G. A. Gammie, Assistant, Government Cinchona m Mungpoo
(Records of the Botanical Sur vey of India, i. pp. 70-71
“The military outpost of Sadiya, situated close to he 3 right bank
of the river, is surrounded fe far es stretches of gun ertt
interpersed by coppi : large ann
formerly held here to the emet pred d of acies. o the wild
tribes in the mountains and merchants from the low countries, but I
believe they were discontinued a year or two ago on nt of the
virulent epidemics which broke out among these large gatherings of
people.
In favourable situations in Sadiya the trees are of noble growth
compared with those that form the copses.
In addition to the grass lands at this isolated settlement a remarkable
feature is the sterile aspect of some very large tracts covered by a
close scrub composed of Solanum torvum and Flemingia congesta, but
principally the eae
rding this plant Captain W. H. Lowther sounded a o
alarm in the Journal of the Agri-Horticultural Sety of India, Volant
xi. (1861), page 290. - The article is entitled “On the mischievous
increase of a gigantic species of Solanum on the North-East Frontier
of Bengal, more especially in the Tea Districts of Assam.”
He states that the plant tad identified as Solet torvum, Swa
and that it promised to be one of the most stubborn and formidable
antagonists with which Indian abc conem would ever have to contend.
growth and productiveness had earned for it an evil repute. The fruits
are too nauseous to be palatable to human beings, but e a are devoured
by many animals and birds and the seeds always pass undi
The military outpost at Saikwa on the Pakning W was deserted
chiefly because it was overwhelmed by this plant, which no outlay
could diminish or keep in check, and now, at Sadiya, on the opposite
bank, the same state of affairs seemed imminent. The heaviest growth
is observed on recently deserted fields.
Fortunately we can say, after the lapse of 33 years, that the writer’s
ears have not been realised and, although Solanum torvum is still a
pest in the deserted homesteads of Upper Ass sam, it eni en
to the influence of careful and continuous cultivatio Where
flourishes (and that is never in the forests), it stands pearing aan
64
testimony to the pernicious results caused by “joom” cultivation, a
custom still followed by the mountain and sub-mountain tribes, but this
i ked and will soon be traditional in the settled
e land abandoned by indolent cultivators .
= overrun xd d cocus e with other viec harmful shrubs and
many species se grasses, long before a more valuable
gre: of rccte is ateng enough to fees peti: with them on equal
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS. INFORMATION.
Nos. 111-112.] MARCH and APRIL. [1896.
DVII.—BOTANY OF FORMOSA.
The island of Taiwan —known to Europeans as Formosa—lies 90 miles
east from the coast of the Chinese province of Fu-djen. It is about
150 miles from the seaport of Amoy and contains an area of 15,000
square miles and an estimated pipera of 2,000,000. The back bone
of the island is formed of a range of densely wooded mountains
sine several peaks, the highest, Mount Morrison, reaching a niet
of n arly 13,000 feet. triking feature of the western side of the
island i is the rapidity with iii thé land i is gaining on the sea. re
old Dutch picture shows Fort Zelandia with richly laden argosies of the
Dutch East voter Company drawing many feet of water anchored close
about 75° Fah. for the whole year, about 72? for the seven cool m
and about 83° for the remainder.” ‘There are two treaty ports, Tamsui
and Tainan. Tea was exported = 1893 to the extent of 22,000,000
pounds, Sugar is produced in moderately large ee but the
quality is inferior. Camphor is rapidily becoming a considerable
industry. “Coal is spread almost all over the island.”
These T my taken from a Foreign Office — on Formosa
prepared by N. Perkins, Assistant in Her M ajesty's aee
Service, rr ae - Anping (Tainan), in the south of pe island (F.
Commercial No. 1, 1896).. Appendix B, attached to this report, nen
a singularly Tec dh the flora é and economie botanyof Formosa,
Mr. Augustine Henry, F.L.S. who is well known for his extensive
accou
The materials on which our knowledge of Formosan plants ‘is based
all practically lie in the Kew and British Maseum herbaria, there being
little in Continental or American institutions. ‘lhe ndex
fh Sinensis," now being published in pin by the Linnean oen
has utilised these materials to some extent only, for since the appear-
ance of M earlier parts especially gr collections have been sent to
Kew, w re as yet unworked. adequate account of the flora
u 91285. 1875.—8[96. Wt. ib x
66
has been written, nor is it even now possible to do so, for the most.
interesting halt of the island, the mountainous portion, has not been
botanized over, except in a meagre way, by native collectors e my own
in the southern part, and by one or two Europeans in the rth, who:
have made short excursions from Tamsui. The chief ede tollectoiil
Wilford and Oldham, seemed to bave touched the coast only at a few
points. Swinhoe, who did so much for the fauna, collected a few plants.
Tamsui has been visited by Mr. Ford, of Hong Kong, and Mr. Hancock
collected most of the ferns in that neighbourhood, dene paid little attention
P
ng take w e
was available, in the herbarium of the British Museum. . Some three
or four years ago Mr. Playfair, while acting as consul at Tainan, made
an admirable collection of about 400 species, chiefly from the immediate
neighbourhood of Takow, with a few species from Anping and
Taiwanfoo. His pine includes, perhaps, a decade of new species
and à a considerable number of plants hitherto only recorded from the
cee and from the Tndo-Malayn region,
* * *
E 1893 and 1894 I € have made large collections at
Takow, both on Apes Hill and on the plain, and increased Mr. Playfair's.
400 ow species to over 600. Also, foilowing a practice that was a
o bring me specimens of everything they see in fruit or
fiber, and in this way I have obtained a large quantity of material
from two districts, one the neighbourhood of Bankimsing, a village
situated at the base of the lofty Kalee Mountain, 30 miles east of
Takow, the other from South Cape and the surrounding mountains
where, ‘under the guidance of M. Schmiiser, one of the ‘lightkeepers,
the savage chief “ Capting " made a splendid collection.
Both these west I visited, but was only able to spend a day or.
two at each. I do not think that anything has been collected by us ata
height of over 3000 yon so that the higher a and valleys are
as yet virgin soil, and richly tempting to the explorer. Duplicates to
culture is interesting. I notice he refers to small -— of Caladium,
by which I dare say he means “taro,” a species of Colocasia. me
even to the common “ arrowhead " geena ia). Cala a dis-
tinetly American genus, and there is no enc that any mens of it is-
cultivated in China, much less that eurs in i ta
e which I may.now set right.. The indigo of Formosa is produced
by the coma on papilionaceous shrubs, Tachoafeein tinctoria and Z, Anil, |
much cultivated in India and on the mainland of o where the latter
67
also | — tinctorium, the koe s knotweed, ‘is
cultivated in Manchuria and Japan, but not in Formosa, while P.
qneniape and P. chinense are common wild plants in China and Formosa,
ommwunis. The ps
ormosa comprise two or three varieties of Saec m Officinarum.
Too little is known of the flora to enable any e ar on the distri-
bution of the plants met with to be of value, but from the species k
to me it is evident that there are many elements in tho tora, which I
shall now point out.
1. Endemic Element.—A. good number of species are peculiar to the
island. Some of these are yery vigorous and abundant, whilst others
are met with only in oY sae situations, and are, perhaps, dyi ing out.
An exploration of the valleys of savage territory will greatly increase
the number of these wes d one can. judge from the results obtained
by Wii of Central China and Japan
Flora of the cultivated Plain. prone is practically t the same as
that of the Indian plain, and in it I include the littoral flora, which.
searcely has a single endemic speci es.
. Plants occurring only in Formosa and the Philippines.—These
occur chiefly, if not eres ee in the south.
4. Flora, common to Formosa, Japan, and Central China.—T hese
species oceur in the RU chiefly. Striking examples are the
varnish tree (Rhus vernicifera), of which no use is made -in Formosa,
brought to me from ihe Kalee Mountain; Zdesia polycarpa, a noble
timber n doe by Maximowicz in the mountains of J apan, and
since found in. mountain forests in Hupeh, and in the same part of
FoR" as TA Dis tree; Deutzia scabra, a shrub with preis
white flowers, common on Apes Hill and throughout Formos
5. Outliers of the Australian Region.—The best HR ‘of this, is.
the very common timber tree (Acacia Richei), hitherto only met with
elsewhere in Fiji, but I believe it is seen near Amoy, where possibly . it
may have been introduced by emigrants returning from Formosa
the most characteristie rom n tree, occurring from north to south,
in the plain and on mountaias. It belongs to the large section of
the genus Acacia » ees the trees or shrubs bear phyllodes, or
modified leaf stalks, instead of true leaves. These are set on the boughs
in the vertical plane, and not in the horizontal, as ordinary leaves are.
The wood of this tree—the “sung-ssti” of Formosans—-is much used for
frames of junks, A SE cross-bars of anchors, beams of houses, &e. .
6. Introduced Plants, now naturalized, and not to be distinguished
in "habit from true Natives.—These include a good number of American
pna, introduced either intentionally or accompanying seeds of other
lant
i I will, however, first mention the cultivated American plants, which
are not naturalized, but require man’s attention to keep them from dying
out :—
Maize (Zea Mays), tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum), pine-apple
(Ananas sativus), sweet sop (Anona squamos, ), sweet potato (Zpumaa
Batatas).—This is the species or variety which is cultivated in
Formosa, whereas at Ichang it is Ipomea fastigiata, and Mr. Hemsley
is of opinion that the latter, which occurs wild in the Andes, is the
A 2
68
parent of the former variety, which is s only met with in cultivation.
Truly naturalized plants of American origin are :—
Guava (Psidium Guayava), everywhere wild in South Formosa,
called **Na-pot" by cor a chilli (Capsicum annuum ma
(Lycopersicum esculentum). The wild form bears small red fruit, not
larger than a marble, iad it is to be met with far away from European
EHANA The tomato is not cultivated by Formosans.
ha Curcas, an euphorbiaceous tree, of small stature, bearing
capsules dona three seeds, which yield an oil on pressure. This
tree is littoral in habit, and, while known as “ T*ung Y erei a name
more properly given to the wood-oil tree (Aleurites cordata), do es not
‘seem to be utilized here. In Canton province the oil is used for lighting
‘Parpodes.
Pachyrhizus angulatus, a large climbing keer te shrub, with
handsome purple flowers in autumn. The root is shaped nim a turnip,
and is much cultivated in Kwangtung, where rit is known as “fan ko
e" foreign “ko”).* It is only slightly cultivated in Forniti; but in
wild established state it is common enou
ESETT dulce, the chin kuei, or golden beetle tree, occurs at
T‘aiwanfoo.
Hyptis suaveolens, a herb with blue flowers, everywhere amidst grass
ia the hills, is highly scented.
H yptis capitata, another herb, liking moist places, with white
fiowers in a head, is naturalized in Form mosa, but, unlike the last species,
it has not been a with on the mainland.
The castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis) and Euphorbia Tirucalli
-are supposed to be African in origin. Both are quite established. ‘The
last is a practically leafless shrub, with dark green boughs filled ne an
acrid milky juice. Its mode of propagation is puzzling. So fa
have seen the majority of the shrubs bear flowers, which are phe
female, and do not come to fruit. I have never seen fruit or staminate
owers, and I believe Sites are unknown in herbaria. Branches, then,
with staminate flowers, or with fruit, lopped off and put into spirits by
any lacky observer, should be sent to
A comparison of the fictas of Takow and Hong Kong, both in much
the same latitude, and only separated by some 300 miles of shallow sea,
brings out a striking unlikeness. I may adduce a single instance. Two
but are replaced by two species belonging to quite cer iem genera.
we compare with Hong Kong, and its peak of 1600 fee elev ation, an
equal area about Takow, including Apes Hill, of 1100 hit tier
it will be found that the latter area has only sbout half as many spec
while endemie species are much more numerous in - Kong.
* * * *
The plants met with on the seu shore, and nct nine Mind are
{about Takow) the following :
The mangroves and Jatr Wphi Curcas. Avicennia officinalis is eA
times called the white mangrove, from the colour of the bark. It occ
_» * The native “ko,” alsoa aoe woody RE with eerte purple flowers,
is common wild in Chine, Japan, and Form Itis Pueraria thunbergiana, From
the root, which, chipped. is use a as a dru ug, a a ki ind of papier is produced, while tbe- —
fibre of the stems is made into cloth, especially at Kiukiang, in Corea, &c. ; bu the —
plant, which occurs in the Formosan mountains, is not utilized herein any way. ._
69
the swamps, enel to Verbenacee, and has yellow flowers and
Shoa fleshy frui
It occurs on the shores of the yore n old trees the wood of th
trunk near the ground often becomes transformed in inne t, changing in
colour from white to reddish black. These bits of probably diseased
wood burn readily, with a slight odour, and are used locally as a substi-
tute for the true Garoo wood, which occurs in Hainan, and is supposed
to n the Dmm of a different tree, Aquilaria Agallocha or A.
malacc
Pohgisiia glabra, a leguminous tree on Takow spit.
Terminalia Catappa, a tree with large oval leaves, occurring in the
same localit
Tou "icforiía sarmentosa, a common climber, with white cymose
flivdhs and white fruit. An allied species, T. argentea, with very thick,
velvety, silvery leaves, occurs as a small tree at South Cape.
Ipomea biloba, a cotiinta creeper in the sand, with bifid leaves and
bright purple flowers.
Vitex trifolia, common creeper m small blue flowers. I have
never seen it but in its unifoliolate v.
Canavalia obtusifolia, a large dabas — shrub, with
beautiful red flowers, and large ‘broad thic
Vigna luted, similar, but with pale yellow der flowers, and narrow
round pods
“inca rosea, periwinkle, is naturalized on Takow s
Lumnitzera racemosa, a low shrub with white Pen occurring in
the mangrove swamps.
Euphorbia toto, a sea-sand spurge.
Tribulus erac with yellow flowers and spiny fruit, prostrate in
sandy places
l sym: acidula, a low shrub with white flowers, occurring on wave-
washed rocks.
Spinifex squarrosus, a dioecious grass.
A Sedum with yellow flowers on sea-side rocks.
Sev Keenigtt, a shrub.
# * z
The common large trees in the neighbourhood of Takow are :—
Mangifera indica, the eC wild E dcr
Buchanania arboresc ens, a akin the mango in foliage and’
inflorescence, but with small inedible fruit, lw as the * shan shuai.”
Nephelium longana, the lung-an, wild ard cultivated. Lung-ans are
a staple export.
Ficus retusa is the common banyan tree her
cus wightiana, a less common banyan tres; d is readily distinguished
by the inflorescence occurring on the leafless part of the boughs.
Ficus beecheyana, occurs as small shrub and tree of 20 feet or morein
height; large pubescent leaves
Fi cus leucantatoma, al variable in stature, with large glossy leaves
and flattened globular inflorescence
Broussonetia papyrifera, che paper mulberry, not utilized in
ormos
Er thri ina indica, a thorny tree, with large rege _ and
=e ee red papilionaceous flowers, known as the “ t ing."
Macaranga Tanarius, with large peltate leaves, Bond as ims ** hsieh.
t‘ung.”
70
Bischofia javanica, with trifoliolate leaves, known as the “ ka-tang ”
(in the local dialect). The wood is good, and used for making
furniture.
Melia Azedarach, ie pride of India, “ k'u-lien."
‘Neither the common loquat nor the rare Hong Kong species occurs
in Formosa, but. à ae large, and perhaps new, species o rya
occurs near Takow and at the South Cape. The fruit is smaller than
the ZU Hab loquat, and has little flavour.
An ash (Frawvin " a oceurs rarely about Apes Hill, but it is
common in the m
The wood-oil te IP dal cordata) was found by Mr. Playfair on
Apes Hill, but " is MT rare, and no commercial use is made of its
product in Form
Cordia Myso" produces a viscid fruit, eaten by the natives with soy
and garlic, and named “ p‘o-tzu
"he Me beta tallow tree, Sapium sebiferum.—The fruit is not
utilized i m Form
Sapin us Mak oriit, common on the cliffs as a shrub, is occasionally
seen as a “iare tree. The fruits are not so much used here in lieu o
soap, as they are in many places on the mainland.
Bombax matabarioun, the silk eotton or “moec-main " tree, known
to the natives a un-chi," is a thorny tree with red. tulip- like flowers
and te Gaai containing the silk-cotton. Itis not collected in
Form
-iaioa smaller. trees worthy of notice are the following :
ortea pterostigma, a tree of the nettle family, with satan leaves
Jas
hretia formosana, the ^ houk'o ” om “thick bark” has hard:woo ood,
whith, podes er, splits on drying. E. macrophylla and Æ. acuminata
also occur.
-EMftanpor um sp.nov. the * kiehjiu," is very common, and has -—
Malta cochinchinensis, M. Playfairti, and M: philippinensis are
small trees or shrubs, while M. repandus has a somewhat climbing
abit
Hibiscus tiliaceus grows to be a fair-sized tree. Its bright sulphur-
yellow flowers change as the day advances to,a dark maroon colour.
H. mutabilis, smaller, has white flowers changing to pink towards
evenin
Murrayü exotica, the “shih-ling,” is a small em with fragrant
. Leea sambucina, a beautiful shrub or small tree, ith large much:
Pide nip is leaves and a mass of red inflorescence, the individual
they open being pale yellow. This tree belongs to the vine
fich, from which ^ differs so paci in habit.
* k..
Caesalpinia, which is wrongly ana “acacia” by some Europeans
-n China, is represented by three
. pulcherrima, an erect shrub with — red flowers, much culti-
vated. I ae seen no wild specime
^ €. Nuga, a large thorny climbing nae with masses of bright
yellow flowers and smooth short broad pod
C. Bonducella, also a large — climber, with inconspicuous
yellow er ied spiny broad
wo other common leguminous caiba on Asia Hill are :—
Millettia reticulata, with purple flowers.
dé
71
Bauhinia Championi, readily distinguished by the characteristic
bifid, leaf of fae goms a nad long racemes of white pie in September.
iS g * pono, *- Ba ca
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) are
Sidi. ibe latter being a large export from Anping. Canna indica
äs FE cultivated flower. Two species of wild Zingiber occur
he rara Yia Mountains, and a very conspicuous Alpinia Th
beautiful l flowers is everywhere common. It is A. nut tans. ` Mats are
occasionally made of the leaves
tall and graceful plant with white flowers in July oceurs on apes
Hill Lag in the bamboo groves on the plain. It is Costus specios
1e Arum family is doubtless well represented in the moun bode
but satisfactory specimens for the herbarium are difficult to prepare
and so my native collectors have shirked them. Mr. Morse sent me
3 feet in breadth, is common, and has been carried into cultivation as
an ornament of European houses on the mainland.
A new species of Amorphophallus is met withon A pes Hill , distinguished
by its. tuber, like a large potato, which puts forth a single flo T
‘stalk, expanded above into a hollow organ, covered with bristles,
red or purple in colour, and a gruesome sight. In the following year
the aba sends up a stem bearing three much-divided leaves. A still
larger species of this genus, with a tuber 8 or 9 inches in diameter,
oceurs in the Kalee Mountains. An enormous climber ascending to
the summits of the loftiest trees oceurs in the mountains, both in the
south and at Tamsui, amn ge are two or pos examples of it near
the Laiwee village close to "'akow. This is Kpipremnum mirabile,
the Tonga plant, with rea irem iota i loopholed. This plant
is said to be a specifie for neuralgia.
»Pothos Seemanni is a common climber on cliff walls.
most common palm is Phoenia humilis, which occasionally
attains 10 feet in height. Ii bears small edible fruit of the same
flavour as the date.‘ It is known here as “kuang lang," the name i-i
pro-
Takow, ones is Mp art in the mountains. It has been patreddóed
into the Hong Kong Botanie Garden by Mr. Ford. It bears a small
quantity of coir, and is therafore styled * tsupg " by Formosans, which
is the name given in Central China to Trachycarpus excelsa, g generally
known as * Chamaerops," the palm which eden the eoir of Central
China. The Areca palm is cultivated on the plain, and I have
specimens of a species of Trachycarpus from savage territory. :
' Around Takow there are two species of bamboo very common, the
* chi tik” or thorny bamboo, much used for fences, aud the *: lik tik, *
which has broad leaves. ‘This occurs wild, and is also much planted
for its excellent bamboo shoots. I have obtaiued à oweriug specimens
m ,
& mao-chu” (hairy bamboo), which is used in making the sea-going
catamarans. Specimens of bamboos showing both foliage and inflores-
cence are very valuable, and the nn attention of travellers i is directed
to obtaining and sending them to Kew for identification. Most
bamboos only flower when ‘they have attained a mature age, debi once
72
only and die. Two species of reed are common. Jschemum angus-
tifolium occurs on the sea face of Apes Hill, and is a grass peculiar inr
the fluffy nature of the base, out of Aio the parte spring. It is the
* Bhabur grass" of India, where it is used as a good material for
aa, paper.
The sugar-cane, Saccharum Officinarum, is S cultivated, and at
least three varieties occur, only one of which I have been able to obtain
in flower. The cereals include rice, of which five varieties of the
common kind are noticed in the Paris Exhibition catalogue. In
addition, glutinous rice occurs, and two peculiar kinds, red rice and
lack rice, which I have not been es to investigate. The black rice
is very dear , being used as a medicine, made into an infusion like tea.
Wheat is cultivated as far ces as the South Cape. Barley occurs in
te centre of the island. , common sorghum (Sorghum vulgare),
some kinds of millet ( Setaria) are met with, but to no great extent.
Job's tears (Coix Lacryma-Jobi), re is always erroneously styled
“pearl barley " by Europeans in China, also It may be noted
that — saccharatum, which is list vated: in qu Yangtzu Valley,
is not used by the Chinese for making sugar. is piant is now
s coim largely for that purpose in the United States, where it is
sómetimes known as the “ Chinese sugar-cane,” a pairs term.
Cyperacee are numerous in species. ‘ Kiam ts‘ao,” i.e., salt grass,
oceurs in brackish water, iind. the ves are much used for tying parcels
. and for making coarse mats. Iti a species of Cyperus, but it is not
made. The la
the governor or the palace, may take three years in making. The
plant is reported to occur only in cultivation, and to be confined to the
neighbourhood of 'Taika, on the north-west coast. I have been informed
at it is sown from seed, and lasts for several ye ng cut do
thrice a year. The fields are seid t ept irrigated with fresh
water like rice fields. Iam unaware that any forei
the mode of cultivation of the plant or the manufacture of the mats ;
the plant is unknown. ‘There is here room for an nee investi-
gation, and I s py ch that specimens of the plant in flower, seed
or sowing and details of cultivation and manufacture, be mens to Kew
e first traveller in the locality. The naming of Cj yperacee, to
Shok order the plant probably vee is difficult, and can only
done satisfactorily at some such e tablishment as Kew, where there are
copious specimens to compare ré With. I may here mention that the
naming of a new plant orthe selection out of two or more names of
the correct one in the case of a known plant is subject to definite rules,
the chief of which i is, that a name to be vali MUR must ha ave been accom-
chinensis to sinensis, or vice wake and we cannot chan ange “hpo ^
even if, as is the case with some plants so called, the plant is nct really
a native of J
* * * * *
73
Feonomic Botany.
Some of the plants useful to man or cultivated in Formosa have bee
‘The edible Leguminose are the same as on the petuland- p Ebr
garden pea (Pisum eset re te Soja bean (Soja hispida), Labla
vulgaris, and several species of Phaseolus. The two fo lowing men
bers of the order are HT of note :—
Sesbania aegyptiaca, qe as “shan ch‘ing” (i.e. wild indigo),
is a slender shrub with yellow flowers and very long slender pods.
is planted chiefly as a help to the soil, being ploughed in when ~
stems are a foot or so high. Left to grow, it attains 5 or 6 feet, and is
only useful as fuel.
Cajanus indicus, a tall shrub, known as the * shu-dou” (tvee-bean),
is cultivated for the seeds, which are ground into flour and used for
mere cakes. The Sue name of this plant is “ Luang dou
Tia folowing ci producing trees and dida but which are not
utilized in For have been incidentally mentioned :—Jatropha
Curcas, Aleurites cor duba; Ricinus volitans ; and to — class may
be added the varnish tree and vegetable tallow tree. Paper might be
made out of Broussonetia papyrifera, and also out of a species of
d whieh is common in Formosa, but unutilized; paper
from it is a Pakhoi export. One of the most inte eresting Formosan
pobtuói i is bé pith of Fatsia papyrifera, commonly known to Europeans
as the *rice paper" plant. l ean add nothing here to what is already
n ‘
Ichang and Hankow. r did not see the plant wild in Hupeh
Ssii-ch‘uan.
rdinary or laurel camphor I leave unnoticed, as I have not been to
the districts of production.
culiar kind of camphor, of great value in the eyes of the Chinese,
is distilled in Hainan from the leaves of Blumea balsamifera,a shrubby
plant about 2 or 3 feet in spi belonging to yt sak This ma
Mission at LE inii o d em sent me an E of the Hainan prete
of distillation, which I ho ope to see soon in the Kew Bulletin.* «This
plant is worthy of attention from a commercial point of view.
'There are three chief fibre-yielding plants in cultivation :—
1.25. eria nivea, known locally as * toà," the * ch*o ” of Pekingese,
the nettle-hemp, yielding China grass fibre. Lately in the customs
returns for Tainan it has been distinguished by the last name, but
formerly it had here (and in other ports still has) only the general vae
* he En whieh in China RM se everal different fibres, e
* See Kew Bulletin, 1895, p. 275 (with plate).
T4
Swatow, where it is made into-the kind of grass-cloth distinguished as
** ong-lai-ko.
3. Jute (Corchorus capsularis), the fibre of which is known to
Europeans in China as “hemp skin," a too literal translation of the
Chinese * ma-pá." “Ma” is generic for textile fibres, “pi” is
* bark," referring to the outer bark of the plant, which is stripped off in
long ribbons. Owing to the different preparation of the plant in China
and in India the products look very different. The so-called “ hemp
bags” of customs returns are made out of this coarse Chinese jute,
which is also used for making rope and string of inferior quality. The
jute is worth from 2 to 4 dollars a picul
Corch olitorius, so allied species, which is readily ms ao pe
by its long narrow fruit, that of C. capsularis being globular, oceu
Formosa as a weed, and’ I’ have ‘not iecertailiud that its fibre is ever
used.
It may be here noted that the so-called 'l'ien-tsin jute is the product.
of Abutilon Avicenne, and should be named * Abutilon hemp." T
have seen true or Russian hemp, the product us ice ie sativa, the
* huo-ma ” of the Chinese, from Newchwang this plant is more
cultivated in: China for the oil from the seeds t bin: für the fibre; and of
flax ene’ — which is cultivated in North- western
China, the e may be sai «.. Oceasionally small quantities of a fabrie
named “ dde ai ma pu,” are brought to 'l'ien-tsin, and this is doubtless
linen, but I have seen no specimen, and merely infer from the name.
The fabric jun, n parce to me as a kind of grass ki
ax is * hu-ma," and the seeds are for sale in drug
* Savage cloth "is. a d applied to at least three different kinds of
coarse unbleached fabrics made by the savages. The kind made near
Tamsui is of China grass, but whether from wild or cultiv ated plants of
Boehmeria nivea I am not certain. The wild plant is very common,
and has a coarser fibre. In the Kalee Mountains “savage cloth” is
made out of the inner bark of the roots of small wild mulberry trees:
doubtless a variety of the very variable Morus alba. I have sent
Miete of plant, root, fibre, and cloth to the Kew Museum e-
ags (^ bang-teh "), very serviceable, are also made out of this fibre by
pe savages, while similar ones are made out of China grass by
Chinese and Pepohuan. A third kind of “savage cloth” is made from
the inner bark of Legion pumice known in Formosa as the
“ch‘ing-t‘ung” tree. I have not been able to get specimens of either
fibre or r cloth in Pie A but specimen fibre, and shoes made out of
it, from Hupe eh, have been sent by me to Kew. ‘This tree has
utilized for its fibre from odaia — Fun the product is coarse, and
only suitable for making shoes, ropes,
Mr. Hosie mentions a fourth kind of * savage cloth," mp out of
banana fibre, but there is no certain information to hand about this.
* Dye yam,” the large and dark red tuber of Dioscorea ione,
Oliver, a wild yam occurring in the southern mountains of Formosa.
These tubers are locally us sed. by the fishermen for dyeing and tanning
their nets reddish, brown; occasionally also their clothes are dyed
similarly.: The tubers are cut up into small pieces and put into large
vats of water placed on a fire; the resulting red decoction is the dyeing
liquid. 'The plant occurs in Hong Kong, and was first collected by
Mr. Ford, who afterwards, on his trip up the West River, ascertained
that the tubers so much used in the Kwang Tung Province were the
produet of this plant. It oceurs also wild in Kwang-hsi and Tonquin,
and enormous quantities are sent from the French colony into China by
75
way of. Lungchoy. . The French ceall the tubers faux Pam » but
ey. are generally nown in customs returns as * dve root," td
yam," “ (YN of being the Chinese name. In addition to their use.
for dyeing nets, , the Mgr tnl ; employ them for giving a peculiar gloss.
to certain pr ds ecimens have been t to Kew and to the
uscum, je if found to be of ud in Europe as a
dyeing e aiiis Ice doubtless large quantities could be exported.
from South Form m the present price is s About 2 dollars a picul.
(Kew "Bulletin, 1893, p p. 230.) e
“ Ok-gue,” the dried fruit of Ficus pumila, x common shrub, climbing
over rocks; yields a peculiar jelly when treated with water, "and is
common article of co onsumption amongst the Chinese in summer. It
might be of value in the home wag
alm, which is planted visio in South Formosa.
eee as ground nuts (Arachis hypogaea) and sesamum seed, both
which are considerable sources of oil.
Formosa is rich in fruits, of which pine-apples and * lung-ans " are
the chief from a commercial point of view. Oranges, pumeloes, caram-
las, pears, rose-apples, guav - papaws, cocoanuts, sweet sops,
&e., gui iur produced in quantit
exports certain’ kinds of séswedd identified: at Kew as
Subria piestä, J. Ag. and Gelidium pucr dem Lamx.), tea, rattans
(from an min mined species of Calamus), tobacco
* Medicines" is generally an interesting heading amongst exports
from a Chinese port, but scarcely any, if one excludes camphor and
turmeric, are exported from Tamsui'or Tai ai-p‘i,” the
bark of the mulberry, and * inu-hu," a hebes sof outa occa-
sionally are — from cian
* Capoor cutche mnd ginger are cultivated for local use, and in
the Kalee Montes a species of Cinnamomum occurs, different from
C. Cassia, which the-natives use in lieu of the true cassia bark.
up, will doubtless be an important article. I have already
nidhtioódd the common trees of the plain, most of which oceur in larger
size and greater number in the mountains, and I will now make a note
of a few of the timber trees, which practically only occur in the
mountain forests, reserving: fo ra a future occasion a discussion on the
great number which have been collected by my natives. Very few
species of conifers are known as yet from the island, but doubtless when
higher altitudes than 3000 feet have been explored, more kinds will. be
one ean judge from the mountains of Japan and Pore
hina. >
Podocarpus Nageia, furnishing an excellent wood, has been sent mé
from Tamsui by Mr. Morse. The Chinese call it “shan-sha,” An
Allied ‘species occurs at the South Cape. Mr. Morse also sent me
Cunninghamia sinensis, the “sha” tree of the mainland, so much used
for making tea eeu but i ed m certain that the specimen was
indigenous. tree is the mountains of South and
ntral China, id is df dabo Araucaria by the non-botanical
traveller. Thuja orientalis also occu
Oaks are abundant in species in di ‘southern mountains. They all
yield hard wood, and all have persistent leaves, and are possibly new
species. t Tamsui an Alnus occurs; and at Takow, on the creek
banks, a Salix is common
Lauracee are numerous in species in the ot oe en Feb
several species of Machilus with excellent wood. One of the lodi
*]am-a" wood (“nan mu" o andarin speech) is Mich used for
a
m ein Kaki, “the persimmon,” is cultivated for its fruit. Another
species small tree on Apes Hill, while at the South Cape a
third vais; with large hairy fruit, is common; but the source of
the ebony (“o-ma-ts‘a”), which i s bighly valuable, and common in
the southern dominas is not yet satisfactorily made out.
Maples are scaree, d three or four species in all. Styraz,
mplocos, Eugenia, and Calophyllum, and numerous other genera
with excellent wood are well represeuted in the mountains
DVIIL—NEW RUBBER INDUSTRY IN LAGOS—
(continued).
(Kickzia africana, Benth.)
The rubber industry at Lagos of which an account was given in the
Kew Bulletin, 1895, pp. 241-247 (with a plate), affords one > of the most
remarkable instances of the rapid development of an industry that has
taken place in recent years in 2 British Colony. It owes its existence
to a wild plant which was only discovered in Lagos within the last two
or three years. It was found to be new as a source of rubber, although
there is now ene to believe it had yielded some of that form erly
exported from the Gold Coast. At the present time Kickxia rubber from
This was praetically the beginning of the industry. In December 1895
the exports had increased to 948,000 ibs. of the value of 51,4887. 9s. 4d.
From a recent return, communicated to Kew by the Government of
Lagos, the total pais during the year 1895 amounted to 5,069,504 Ibs.
(2263 tons) of the value of 269,892/. 13s. 10d. This considerable
industry has tenti been called into existence within 12 months.
The rubber is purely a forest product, and the collection and pes
of it have been effected by means of native labour. The success of the
industry is another indication of the undeveloped resources of our West
African Colonies. It is only a few years ago that a somewhat similar
though more gradual, rubber industry was called into existence at the
Gold Coast. The origin of this is given in the following extract
& Colonial Office Report on the Economie Agriculture of the Gold
Coast in 1889 (C. O., 110, 1890): * Although the youngest of our
industries, the preparation of india-rubber is now only second in
importance to that of palm-oil Attention was first EM. to n
Mi the by Sir Alfred Pat (now d r of
a to 4 i:
During the year 1893 the Gold Coast E RAN rubber. io the extent
of 3,395,990 Ibs., and of is value of 218,1627. 2 ME
77
snc os details respecting the exports of Lagos piita have
ived from the Government of the Colony :—
Colonial imet s Office, Lagos,
Jan 3;
Dzan THISELTON-DYER
E a return psy the export of rubber during 1895.
‘Tremendous, is it not? It seems to be the Pecan opinion that there
will be a considerable falling off this year, but - tion if — cant
of
speak with any degree of certainty on this point
x. wm rg fe) a good year dh the whole ; revenue, 142,0001., ‘the
largest on "Toit.
Believe me, &c.,
(Signed) GEORGE C. Denton.
ExronT of RUBBER from the Colony of Lacos from lst January to
31st December 1895
Month. Weight in lbs, Value.
Se c oe NIC PEO
n - - E - 21,131. SK 719183 .10 —8.--
February - - - - 15,888 171—971
March - - - - 26,316 1419 7 8
April i : . 9,763 2078 16 6
May - - - 216,916 114700 ..0..%
June - - - - 268,619 12,577. 2 6
July - - - - - 461,765 92,593 13
August - - - - 354,990 19,951 18 3
September - - z " 673,160 36,172 19 9
etober - B - - 1,059,158 57,117
November - - - - 983,394 52,802 13 0
December - - - - j. 948,404 51
Total - - - 5,069,504 269,892 13 10
E. A. LovELL, Collector of Customs.
DIX.—COFFEE PLANTING IN LAGOS.
Coffee planting is being energetically extended in West A frica.:
This part of the world is the home of more than one species yielding
commercial coffee. Chief amongst these is the Liberian coffee which
potias at sea level. "This has long been grown in the native state of
"Beads of Liberian coffee were received at Kew in Hi from a small
plantation on the Secocm River near merge on the As oast. “The
plants raised from these seeds at were the fi dE grown in this
country. In 1874 and 1876 léger. ijp of seed were obtained
i ia, th agency of Mr. Thies Irvine, of
the firm of James Irvine & Co., of Liverpool. e plants were
distributed from Kew to tropical botanical gardens throughout the
Empire."—(Kew Bulletin, 1890, pp. 245 -253.) Coffee cultivation
is now being carried on under European supervision both at the Gold
78
Coast and at Lagos. “In the latter colony the industry has originated in
the efforts made in that direction at the botanical station established by
the Government at Ebute Metta.—(Kew Bulletin, 1888, p. 149). The
distribution of Liberian coffee and other plants from this station have
as high as 13,960 per quarter, or at the rate of 45,000 per annum
In 1892 CIMA cist a nominal price only was charged for the plants and
in some cases many distributed free of charge to native chiefs) the total
receipts amounted to more than 917. What was apparently the first
attempt ata E coffee plantation in Lagos is described in the Kew
Bulletin, 1893, p. 182.
In 1894 some dibio coffee in parchment, grown at the botanic
station at an elevation of one. 20 feet above the sea, was valued in
London at 94s. pe th m been shown, however, that the more
permanent sort w arent in the lowlands is the pac coffee, and
sam £t ere recently valued at nearly t The
31st December 1894 :—“ There is no doubt that coffee has a great
future before it on the West Coast. If properly cultivated and Prepared.
it should be able to compete with any coffee-growing eountr
In the Appendix to the Report on the botanic station for the quarter
ended 30th September 1895 the following further partieulars are
ILE Ud respecting the extension of coffee plantations in the colony of
gos :—
It m probably be interesting to. record the advancement made in
Coffee. plantations in e colon da which have originated through the
ceta bib kD of this b ibiritist ata tio
en returning from Abeokuta his Excellency the Acting-Governor
gave me permission to A as two engin situated near the Ado River.
The first one I visited was at Soto, and is owned by the Ilaro Estates:
and Plantations Company, limited "it was mht te in 1892, and is:
under the management of Mr. Punch, a European, who took me round
and kindly gave me quarters for the night,
Mr. Punch calculates that he has 150 acres under cultivation, which
includes 50,000 plants of Coffea liberica. ‘These plants are in different
that a crop is not expected much before three years; 9000 plants were
planted out last year, and 36,000 during the present year.
About 1000 of Coffea arabica din omnia out, and these have pro-
duced good crops of berries of g
Cacao is also being grown 4600; plants have been planted oui, and.
their appearance is dearly that tence rv desired for young plants.
ubber-trees—Ceera rubber (Manihot Glaziovii) are also being
cultivated ; 700 trees have been planted out, and are doing exceedingly
well; a few plants of Ficus elastica have made considerable growth.
‘Fruits-—Pine apples, the cultivated forms of this i are grown to
a small extent, and produce fruit of good size and flavo
The work of the plantation is being carried out ‘systematically : good
roads cut, shelter belts left, and planting and. hoeing being attended to
and carried out properly. The ground i is kept free from werds as much
. 8s le.
be peines Je plants of coffee in Ee aimer wbeut 10,000 ;
Me d nurseries are made ready for the reception of seeds for
79
supplying nee ee Sons af ee the plantations. Mr. Punch hopes
to raise in all about 50,000 p
The plantations are rent is the present time by about 70 Kroo and
native labourers.
Judging from the healthy n of the plants, and their
development sinee they have been planted out, the soil must be every-
thing that Side be desired, and well suited to — eultivation e coffee
n ‘other plan
The work "i de creditable to Mr. Pimeh; wits taki : — interest
in ite He was p lensed to see me to obtain information on many uum
I next visited the plantations, m property of A. C. Campbell & Co.,
situated on the other side of the river, and about one hour distant from.
the town of Ajilete. I visited this platitetion4 in the early part of 1893,
and reported on it, «At that time a, were being made for
planting out during the rains. I could see am ere since
my first visit, and considerable work had been dem
Mr. €: ampbe ell offered me every facility, and was pleased to see me
visiting the plantation. He states that he has 160 acres under eultiva-
tion, most of these being planted with Liberian Coffee, numbering
e 000. plants. They. are egressus dim in three stages o of. growth :—
8,000. and are ina most fl hi ;
x berries are well — dum of an size. In 1894, , 22, 000 ww
lanted out and are doing well; while 32,000 have been planted i in their
permanent place during the Hes year. The plants are looking very
See for e time of yea
e, also, are a few plants of Coffea arabica, They have done so
well ‘that Mr. Campbell Poeta. to extend the plantation and plant more
of this kind.
Nurseries. ris th 25,000 plants of Coffea liberica are in beds large
enough to transplant.
Va: nilla "(Vanilla nona) mit wr AER obtained from. the
Botanic Station, and eit a shady and cool place on the plantation.
Here they have made us growth, i bave been doing so well
that Mr. Campbell RO SENA nnt out an acre with this valuable
a
(Cola acuminata).—About 600 of these have been planted
lider the shade a deed trees.
bout 300 plants of cacao have also been planted out, to
ascertain their aeu for yn cultivation.
&
E
The plantation is kept in a clean condition, free from weeds ; the soil
is rich in vegetable matter; it is pure forest land, and several streams
pass through the plantation, which are very useful in watering the
nurseries.
as progressed um d since my previous visit, and
the work carried out by Mr. einge is very ereditable indeed. This
it. On its first appearance it should be at once got rid of. Mealy bug
and scale attack some of the trees, and rte ating caterpillar at a certain
season of the year devours the leaves
H. MirrEN, Curator
Botanie Station.
80
DX.—BOTANICAL ENTERPRISE IN EAST AFRICA.
As pointed out in = Kew Bulletin for 1893,. p. 363, numerous
notices have appeared in these pages recording the attempts made b
means of the Botanic Station system to develop the material progress of
the West African colon
So far, however, it Ys not been em applied to the British
possessions on the East Coast. ‘The transmission of tropical plants
suitable for cultivation in ites territories is not unattended with difficulty,
M to intending planters both in British East and in British Central
Afric
As dud, the i territory, ee Alexander Whyte, acting under
the instructions of Sir Henry Johnston, K.C.B., H.M. Commissioner and
is, however, some 400 miles from the coast, and plants transmitted
from England can only reach it by the Zambezi. There is ever
reason, however, to believe that the Shiré Highlands will become the
seat of an important planting industry. Coffee was introduced as long
ago as 1878. It has been cultivated with great success by the Messrs.
Buchanaty and 30 estates “have been opened up.” Shiré Highland
coffee commands a high price on the London market.
The first attempt to establish a depót on the East Coast + was due to
private initiative.
As stated in the Kew Bulletin, 1892, p. 87, *during the time
Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., was Agent and Consul-General at
Zanzibar, he maintained at his own expense an experimental garden in
which he tried every useful tropieal plant likely to be adapted to the
climate. These were for the most part supplied from Kew
Apart from this he took, from his first residence in the country, an
enthusiastie interest in the botany of Tropical East Africa, and his
collections of specimens of its little-known vegetation are amongst the
most important available for the “ Flora of Tropical Africa" in
preparation at Kew.
He was not less interested in promoting industries that have since
proved of the utmost value both to the natives and to Europeans in that
part of the world.
The utility of work of this kind fortunately does not cease with the
removal of the hand that carried it on. The benefits that are still
following passage in Mr. Alexander Whyte’s Report on Botanical Wor
in British Central Africa, lately published by the Foreign Office, and
already cited in the Kew Bulletin (1895, p. 187).
* During the short stay of. Mr. J ohnston's EA at Zanzibar iu
as Liberian pu Cialis, cassias, deri anonas, pakoili, mango,
ere s Acre plants, pineapple shoots, &c., and. nearly all of
ow doing well at Zomba. I also brought with mea supply
of "ipee cacao € from the same garden or ' plantation, which plant w
81
been introduced years ago by Sir John Kirk. Fm m seeds from these
pods, I regret very much to say, failed to germin
A fuller vti of the present condition of " puti is contained
in the following notes of a recent visit, taken from the Zanzibar Gazette
of the 28th padua 1894 :—
* Mr. Crabbe, the Ceylon planter who was passing through here last
week on his way to Nyassaland, paid a special visit to to Mbweni for the
purpose of noting the condition ae we coffee plantations started by Sir
John Kirk at the close of his tim
“Mr. Crabbe was well plisa with the condition of many of the
tions, which were duly transmitted to the Rev. J. Key, who takes great
LP in the plantation, but who was unfortunately away from home
nt the time.
* sn tea which is now in full blossom and affords a pretty sight es
worth a drive to visit, Mr. Crabbe considered a poor kind and fo
leaf hardly worth growing, and he did not recommend its extension.
“The cacao he considered planted in too win dy a site, but walking
about the shamba agi oy s many spots on which he thought it could
be planted to better a
In the Zanzibar Daa of the 11th September 1895, there is an
appreciative review of Sir John Kirk’s work in East Aries His
services to botany and hor Heier are referred to as follows :—
* Besides these main beca of his rule, minor affairs at the island
were his constant solicitude. Agri ieulture, horticulture, experime ental
planting, the rearing of | bodie specimens, all engaged his attention.
« The specimens of imported plants still to 5h seen in his old shamba
at Mbweni, full of interest to the interested visitor € is lucky enough
to find them, show how keen was his enthusiasm for the adornment of
the place, while his efforts to establish a profitable anis in for the
natives in rig name: with coffee planting, and aloe fibre manufacture
may even yet bear fruit. Hardly is pom a flower displayed upon a
hi
ta
island to Sir John Kirk; and had je remained 2 with all the
opportunities the place affords, Zanzibar might now be a floral and
big ss as it is, his memory will be kept ka green in this
way a
In a private letter, dated €— 16, 1895, Sir John Kirk wrote :—
* My garden at Mbweni is comin t last to be appreciated, and after
eigliteen years my coffee plantation, ides supplied me with coffee when
there, is now likely to be the source of an poet to relieve the depen-
dence on the clove which is the danger of the islan coffees all
came from Kew ; they are Liberian and do splendidly.”
Almost every economic production of East Africa has at one time or
another received attention from Sir John Kirk. "He virtually created
the rubber trade of the east coast. This has attained in some years to a
value of over 200,0007. The piants yielding the rubber discovered
g him are enumerated in the Kew Report for 1880 (pp. 39
to 42).
Again, plants of the East African pig Trachylobium hornemann-
éanum,were received from him, as well as specimens of the Bark cloth of
Uganda (Kew Bulletin, 1 1892, p. 58) ; Rew’ is also indebted to him for
u 91285. B
$2
seeds and particulars of two new species of African plantains (Muse
livingstoniana and M. proboscidea), as recorded in the Kew Bulletin
(1894, p. 225).
A kind of dye- -wood ove Rape Bur.), probably of
porc Aii was described by Sir J. Kirk (Journal of the Linnean
Society, ix., p. 229) as the produce a a new species of Cudrania. The
edible fruit “has somewhat the flavour of an insipid custard-apple.
The tree ranges at least from the Zanzibar coast to British Central
generic rank.
Sir John Kirk’s services to horticulture at home cover the whole
period of his residence in Africa. The following list of plants
introduced by him to European gardens, chiefly through Kew, is an
resting record of what is possible to be done by an enthusiastie ad
devoted traveller :—
Prants introduced from East TROPICAL AFRICA to Kew by
Sir Joun KIRK
Aloe brachystachys, nay n. 8. d Bot. Mag. t. 7599.
» concinna, Baker,
» Kirkii, Baker, n. $35 x i t. 7386.
» penduliflora, Baker, n. sp.
Chlorophytum Kirkii, Boker, n. sp.; Gard. Chron. 1882, (i.) 108.
Clerodendron cephalanthum, Oliver, n. sp.; Ie. £l. t. 1557.
Crinum Hildebrandtii, Vatke.; Bot. Mag. t. 6709.
» Kirkii, Baker, n. sp. ; Bot. Mag. t. 6512.
Drimiopsis Kirkii, Baker, n. sp. ; Bot. Mag. t. 6276.
Encephalartos Hildebrandtii, A. Br.
Hibiscus schizopetalus, Hook. f , n. sp. ; Bot. Mag. t. 6524.
Impatiens Sultani, Hook. f., n. sp.; Bot. Mag. t. 6643.
Kempferia (Cienkowshya), Kirkii, n. sp. ; Bot. Mag. t. 5994.
Keramanthus Kirkii, Hook. f.,n. gen. ; Bot. Mag. t. 6271.
Landolphia vit Benth.; Bot. Mag. t. 6963.
» rkii, Dyer, n. sp.
5 persone, Dyer, n. sp.
tsoni, Dyer, n. sp.
Maa ksvih gol onde Kirk, n. sp.; Journ. Linn. Soc. ix
» proboscidea, Oliver, n. sp.; Ic. Pl, t. 1777.
Neobenthamia gracilis, Rolfe, n, gen. ; Bot. Mag. t. 7221.
Ochna Kirkit, Oliver, n. sp.
Sansevieria Kirkii, Baker. n. sp.; Bot. Mag. t. 7357.
io
eo
Every effort has been made by Kew to assist the establishment of
planting industries in British Central Africa by the despatch of plants
suitable for cultivation there. But owing to the length of time occupied
by the transit, the operation is beset with considerable difficulty. -
83
The Eod letter gives an account of the measure of success
which attended the last consignment :—
Mr. J. W. Morr to Roya, Garnens, Kew.
Laudera ale,
, British Central Africa, via Chine,
My pear Sir, 20th September 1895.
Wardian case you kindly sent me -per s.s. Illovo on 26th
June last arrived here yesterday, sperd ai 5- days en route. This
i uld hav
pointing out that while healthy passengers can fake care of and speak
for themselves, healthy plants want and lens by their inability to
shout out for themselves more care and attention
In spite of the long transit, they are in inp een good condition.
Only four are absolute ely dead. and. non: -existent, a hole only remaini
to testify visually to their former existence. These are all Musas.
Then Cinnamomum Camphora and C. zeylanicum seem quite dead;
marvellous result after 85 days, a period seldom exceeded, ! should
think, in these days of rapid beh arin Twenty good, four fair, four
doubtful, and six dead: excellen
All the Musas being dead vet me that I have been on the look-
out since reading your Bulletin on bananas, for seed of our indigenous
Musa here But it is difficult to ges. and seems to seed very seldom.
When I get seed I shall send you
As to the material of the panes, "m is — better than the old
glass, the varnish or oi melted and a good many leaves had stuck
to it and been quite spoilt. It had run down tha branches and stems
of three or four, and appareztly killed them so far. The moment I got
off the first side, or front, I put sheets of paper over each pane to pre-
vent this, Perhaps for hot ‘aoe paper or some such impervious
covering would be of advan
l gave the plants d ey ae Zt diffused iight in a verandah,
about 2 p.m., when they arrived, and over an hour again later in the
afternoon. ‘To-day I have taken them into a room, with both slopes off,
taking out six or eight that seemed suffering from too much moisture.
To-morrow I shall have them put into boxes and carefully turned some
or thrice a day, first in the room, next in the verandah, and lastly in
shady place in the Tem air. Those that are moribund I shall me a
little bottom hea
Hoping many may eventually prove of much use in the country, and
with my sincerest thanks, eg
Signed "doy 'W. Mom.
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G., C.L.
Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
Before the establishment of the Botanic Garden at Zomba, nbc
Wardian cases of plants were sent to the African Lakes Company a
B 2
84
the Livingstonia Mission. The tir Se is a Vcr of plants which have
been so despatched during the last ten yea
Botanical Name. English Name. Destination. | Date.
Adenanthera esee - - | Red sandal wood - A.L.C. 1886
den Galanga - - | Siamese ginger - »" E
Anona muricata -|Soursop - - X »
ug S ” » 3 " L.M. 1894
Bertholletia ‘exneise - - | Brazil nut - - A.L.C. 1886
R i" A "age n : L.M. 1894
Bixa Orellana - - -| Arnatto rM A.L.C. 1886
Camellia Thea - - - | Assam tea - i » »
a - js $ E L.M. 1894
arica can andar -|- - y + »
Oa ina ordei - - | Clove - "iiim A.L.C. 1886
x r : M. 1894
Gedrela odorata - - - | West Thien! Feder - » -
_Chrysophyllu m - =| Star apple - ’
TEMO ledgeria . - | Cincho - A.L.C. 1886
Cinnamomum Comphora - - | Camphor - - » »
E. assia - - | Cassia - » ”
£ 5 è yiia gren LM 1894
S zeylanicum - - | Cinnamon - - » y
Coffea arabica - - -| Arabian eoffee - A.L.C. 1886
E m T - | Marago ipe » "i ” 2
» liberiea. - - - | Liberian i - » $
Cola acuminata — - - - | Kola - - L.M. 1894
Crateva gynandra -|- - - A.L.C. 1886
Cyphomandra betacea - -| Tomato tree - L.M. 1894
Dipteryx odorata - - | Tonquin bean - - A.L.C. 1886
Epipremnum e eie - z n : 3 2 5
Erythroxylon Coca - ca " T »
m » ü á " á - L.M. 1894
- - A.L.C. 1886
Guiacum officinale - - Lignum vite - » »
Gynocardia odorata E - u » »
Hevéa spruce E - Guinis rubber - » $
poser aeg pe - - - - m i
Jambosa vulga - k Malay. Appio - b »
Limonia Pry pues - - M P »
Manihot Glaziovii - = Ceara rubber - » »
Musa Champa - E - | Plant - - L.M. 1894
» martabanica H - j - . »
Nephelium Litchi - - =| Litchi - - A.L.C. 1886
iflora edulis - - | Sweet ar - L.M. 89
Pilocarpus pinnatifolius — - — - | Jabora - E »
fficinalis — ' - ‘Allspice uisi a A.L.C. 1886
5 w - - - “ 4 M. 1894
Piper Cubeba - - - Cubeb - = i UM k
» rire - - -| Long-pepper - » »
» nigrum -~ > - | Pepper - - »
- - - » 4 - - A.L.C. 1886
Psidium Guaya va - - | Guava - - E m
Swietenia Mahagoni - =| Mahogany - - »" "
"iiinis indicus - - | Tamarind - « T j
4 x ra os L.M. 1894
serene Cacao - - | Cocoa - - A.L.C. 1892
* Alligator" - » i£. 4 y L.M. 1894
s "m ern mem a - - » »
Vala gni - Vanilla "o » ”
-Xanthochymus pictorius - = - - - A.L.C. 1886
"Zingiber Mietasio. - a i: Ginger à á
85
During the course of last year a prolonged correspondence took place
between Kew, the Forei ora Office, and Sir Henry Johnston, with a view
of ascertaining if som e depot t could be established on the east coast
from which plants could be supplied to mp and which would
be of more easy access than Zomba. The idea, however, proved im-
practicable, and Zomba will therefore for the Pes be treated as the
central station to which plants will be sent, where they can be propagated
and from which they ‘can be distribut
e wbole poet is thorotgnif discussed in the following letter
from Sir John
Sir Joun Kirk to Roxar Garpens, Kew.
Wavertree, Sevenoaks,
ovember 30, 1895.
Dear THISELTON-DYER
You ask me regarding the establishment of eem for the
distribution of useful plants in East Africa. Ië is obviously a needless
expense and waste of means for Kew and other d "establish
men e
forwarded at once in part by a skilled gardener who would examine
each case on arri
The districts to be considered are (1) the rns Protectorate vn
Nyasaland and the British territory south of the Zambesi to
administered by the South Africa Company.
Clearly the best route by which to transmit cases of plants for this
region is vid the Cape, as a rule, and Natal with its existing garden is
nainely, the t are found to be tl in order to keep the
coffee leaf disease out of the Nyasa coffee plantations.
If, therefore, Nyasa will not allow plants that have been propagated
at Natal or other points on the coast to be introduced, the administration
abandon all participation in such a scheme as you suggest. yasa-
land is in a prosperous state the Administration, aided by the pepe
in which case there is no necessity to consider the use of Natal as a
V sues but if a coast station is to be established to supply that part of
ur possessions, I feel satisfied that Natal is the proper place from its
commercial position and the facility of access and distribution coupled
with 1 the warm and moist climate it possesses. >
(2.) Between Nyasa and Zanzibar we have no interest, and as at
Zanzibar and on the opposite mainland at Mombasa the climate is
tropical, a separate station is there needed. Natal would not serve as
a centre, partly from the distance, the want of rapid communication and
the nature of the climate, that of Natal being sub-tropical and not fitted
regions would be a little inland from the port of basa, which is a
of regular call by steamships. At a distance of from 10 to 15
bills a suitable site with rich soil and abundant water could be found.
86
The further advantage of such a position is that it would be at the
base of a railway line, the eee of which is only a question of a
short sie if we inte nd to our protectorate in M. dei
mething might be said for making the station on the island of
anzibar, where I had my experimental garden, but the KERA and soil
ore the island La not suit many plants that might well be introduced. I.
would, therefore, prefer a mainland station as near to Mombasa and the
railway base of the future as may be.
You are free to make any use you please of the abov
yours sin sincerely,
(Signed) Joun Kirk,
No step has yet been taken to establish a depôs for British East
Africa. Meantime, Sir John Kirk’s garden stil! continues to do useful
service
Extract from the GAZETTE for Zanzipar and East Arrica,
November 27, 1895.
The Rev. Pére Mérel only last week, on behalf of the Fathers of the
Holy Ghost, took away with him a large quantity of berries for
planting at their Mission staid of Bura in the Taita district, these being
kindly supplied by — Thackeray from her specimen plants at Moweni,
planted by Sir John
This has brought e offce planting toour doors, We bres from time to
time to publish intelligence helpful in these matters
In a private letter, dated December 15, 1895, Sir John Kirk writes
in regard tohis Zanzibar garden, w "ep an he transferred to Miss Thackeray
of the €— rg gcc :—** [t is a great satisfaction to know that
the results have not been thrown itas but are even at this late date
beginning to bear "fruit. The Germans have long well appreciated the
store of fruit trees and flowers, cuttings and s eeds of which were to be
had, and the tropical species of Eucaly yptus, ides as E. citriodora, that
grew are Low common from seed obtained from my trees.”
DXI.—MYRRH AND BDELLIUM.
Myrrh and frankincense have been precious commodities from the
earliest times, Few drugs have had more careful study bestowed on their
ori, - Yet even to this day it is by no means free nés uncertainty.
The preparation of a new edition of the Official. Guide (No. 1) to the.
Museums of Economic Botany in the Royal Gardens has necessitated.
xamination of the subject in view of the fresh observations of Dr.
Schweinfurth, of which a brief account is given in the Pharmaceutical
Journal (April 28, "eds p. 897).
Flückiger and "Han bury (Pharmacogr., 2nd ed., p. 140) state : .“ It
is ‘certain è . that the myrrh of commerce is chiefly of African
in?
But numerous sin myrrh-like substances are found in Eastern trade
which are used as substitutes, and are often intermixed with it. . The
source of these is “partly vi ani Pes Feed) and partly Indian.
But to trace this in each case a task fraught with extreme
hse
ArRICAN MYRRH.
"Adidas to Han uad (Pharmaceutical Journal, xii, p. 227),
* Somali cr Afri can Myrrh isthe so-called Turkey Myrrh of commerce.”
87
Of this drug Flückiger ond Hanbury r iy 2nd ed.,
143), give sar following incipit s pe pem nsists of irregular
oundish masses, varying in size que reddish brown
with dusty dull surface. ‘When br oken, gs apa a rough or waxy
fracture, having a moist or unctuous appearance, especially when pressed,
and a rich arona hue. The fractured translucent surface often displays
c whitish mar xe which the ancients compared to the light
ark at us m of the finger nails. Myrrh has a a peculiar and agree-
pons fragrance, san an aromatic, bitter and acrid taste."
Somali myrrh is collected “on the range of hills which on the
African shore runs partiel i6 o the Somali. coast” (Flick. and Hanb.,
Lc, p. 140). The ru of. the plant producing it has - carefully
studied by Dr. Tri
He makes the iclewien statement (Pharmaceutical Journal, 3rd
ser., ix., p. 893) : Hildeb randt “collected in Marcl 1873 in the Ahl
Mountains, which run parallel with the North Somali e " a plant which
** was pointed out to him by the natives, who call it Didin.” He “ found
myrrh exuded on the stem of the tree, of which the specimen gathered
‘was a branch; it exudes spontaneously, without any external jajurys
and is called Alad by the Somali, but Mur by the Arabs ; the form
collect it i n great quantity, and it is brought to Aden and other fs
ports, whence it is carried to India and Eur rope."
This plant Hildebrandt referred ips ns doubt to Balsamodendron
Myrrha, Nees (Sitz. Ges. Naturf. is v. 1878, p. 196).
Dr. Trimen further says : “ A lar, > bend sent over in a living state
to Kew by Mr. Wykeham Perry appears to be identical with Hilde-
brandt's . . It was obtained in Somali-land near the parallel of
47? E. long. Mr. Perry gives the Somali names as Didthin for the plant,
and Mulmul for the product.” (Le.) An account of this specimen is
given in Lad. Kew Report for 1878 (p. 40).
r. Trimen had not merely the advantage of discussing the subjeet
with Hildebrandt himself, but he examined and figured (Ben
Trimen, Medicinal Plants, t. 50) the Somali plant collected by the
latter. He further had the opportunity of comparing it gm tlie pini;
mens collected by Ehrenberg on the Arabian coast of the Red Sea
(opposite Massowa) on which , Balsamodendron Myrrha Ls founded.
So far, then, nothing would seem more secure than the detequination
of the source of Somali myrrh. ™ Flückiger and Mey (Lc. 141)
conclude: * Balsamodendron Myrrha, Nees. . therefor be
pointed out as the source of true myrrh of the etai commer
Unfortunately the recent researches of the. Berlin botanisfs Jed
thrown serious doubt on this. It seems clear that the plant collected
r
ree pa is not, as the Berlin botanists have supposed, B. Pla fori a
Ba.
phora) Shines which must therefore provisionally be. accepted a as
the source of African Myrrh. yi
ARABIAN ‘Myer P.
ere appear to be at least two, and probably more, kinds of
Arabian myrrh.
i. According to Flückiger and Hanbury (Lc. p. 143), ** Myrrh trees
AA on the hills . in the territory of the Fadhli tribe í
lying to the eastward of Aden; myrrh is collected from them by Somalis
*who cross from the opposite coast for the purpose, and pay a tribute for
88.
the privilege to the Arabs. But a sample of x: received from
Vaughan in 1852 . proved it to be wbat different from
typical myrrh." According to the same enihotities (l.c. p. 146) both
Somali myrrh and Fadhli m yrrh give a violet tint when bromine is:
added to a petroleum solutio
Hanbury EP AHRabeutconl Journal, xii. p. 227) thus describes the
specimen ab&ined by Vaughan ** produced 40 tiles to =- eastward of
Aden ” :—“ In irregular pieces, abies insize 5. coated with
dust like pieces of Turkey y myrrh, but having a "adiing shining
exterior. Each Mem piece appears to be for med by the cohesion of a
number of small, rounded, somewhat transparent, externally shining,
tears or drops. he Maó much resembles that of common myrrh,
but wants the semicircular whitish markings. In odour and taste it
closely agrees with true myrrh, Portions of a semi- transparent, brown,
pepyruceous t bark are occasionally attached to pieces of it
. What may be called Hadramaut myrrh appears to be distinct from
ys:
Arabian myrrh of the Pharmacographia. The trade name of this drug
n Bombay is mee tiga ; ; it is mostly sold in € as true myrrh, for which
it might easily be mistaken I am assured by the dealers that
no true myrrh is ever receiyed from keshit ” And the same statement is.
quoted from Malcolmson by Royle (Materia Medica, 2nd ed. p. 884) :—
“ There is no myrrh produced in Arabia.
Parker sanga Journal, 3rd. ser., x. p. 81), however, says:
—“ The ‘meetiga’ of the Bombay market, PA Arabian myrrh by
Dymock, differs bis from Hanbury’ s Arabian myrrh.”
But Flückiger and Hanbury only recognise se the name Nos, i.
and iii.
iii. Flückiger and Hanbury (J. e. p. 146) describe what is apparently
a third kind ‘of Arabian myrrh. «This is isthe myrrh * Hodaidia Jebeli,
from north and north-western Yemen.” It gives no colour with
bromine.
The source of these kinds of myrrh is still involved in more or less
uncertainty. Balsamodendron Myrrha was originally described from
Ehrenberg’s Arabian specimens. It is doubtful if it affords any part of
the Arabian myrrh of commere » This conclusion is confirmed by
Deflers, Voyage au Yemen (p. 120
* Le myrrhe,—el-Mour des Fer —est, aprés le café, un des princi-
myrrhe vasa le B. Myrrha) soit commun dans vm la région
montagn oyenne et inférieure du Yemen, il es disséminé
dans les locit que j'ai visitées pour étre Pobjet Pani. exploitation
rémunératri
Diilstinodadion Opobalsamum, Kth. (B. e phreshergianath, Berg.)
appears to be widely distributed throughout the evo littoral. It
has been repeatedly. collected in the neighbourhood of Aden. Deflers
refers to this species, though with hesitation, the punt: from which
myrrh is collected in Northern Yemen. He remarks that it had neither
flower nor fruit and seemed to belong to a form intermediate between
B. Myrrha and B. Opobalsamum. "E gives the following account of :
the collection of myrrh from HM AU c. p. 121),
“Ta myrrhe en alors e rété k la surface des fragments d'écorce
)ris sur les gn e. des environs de Hodjeilah m'a paru
T te et ‘comparable aux variétés les plus estimées. Déjà, sur les
* 89
contreforts du gebel Hofasch, au N. du wadi Surdüd, on commence à
ratiquer l'extraetion de la myrrhe. Mais c'est principalement dans le
district de Sida, à environ 90 kilom. N.N.E. de San'á, que cette
industrie est exercée en grand. Le procédé d'extraction est forte simple.
Il consiste en incisions longitudinales pratiquées dans l'écorce.
d est re ecueilie dans des tasses (findján) disposées au bas
ineisio
The pi recent research on the subject is that of Schweinfurth
already referred to. He has been so kind as to furnish the following
Aiet of his results. It must be premised that appre
Hemprichia, and Commiphora are all names for the same genus. -
RísuLTATS de mes recherches sur le Baume et la Myrrhe.
—A l'égard des recherches bibliques :—
Le - au “ mór” pest pas à traduire avec myrrhe, mais par
* baum
= Mor " est toujours cité dans le sens d'un liquide aromatique, tandis-
que que ela myrrhe est un corps solide, pas ou presque pas, eee
mais à l'émploi de la médecine, plutót d'une odeur désagréable.
Tous les passages de l'ancien testament ne mentionnent ce “ mór
que dans le sens indiqué (Cantiques 3, 6; 5,1; 5,5; 5, 13; Moise IL,
30, 23 ; ll 45, 9; Proverbes Salom. ; 17).
Les LX X (juifs précisés) en traduisant le texte hébreux en grec,
n'ont plus connu, à oque où ils vivaient, la' vraie signification du
* mór," mot qu dis ont par ressemblance du son confondu avec le mot
arabe morr, que veut dire “ myrrhe.
Les dep yia vu Ne récents de .Hallé de l'ancien testament qui
ont collaboré à l'édition de Hallé xm de Prof. Kautsch ont adhéré à
l'opinion que je viens de prononc Le Prof. Kautsch m'a promis de
changer tous les passagen (cités REREN de l'ancien testament d’après.
mes M M ATE
L'arbre de d est appelé en Arabie bechdm (anglais beshám).
nom ey connu aussi de rims ar.
Le produit de baume est appelé balessdn, d’ou les Grecs on tiré leur.
Bd^capiy. En hébreux (voir Cantiques. 5, 1; * mori-im-besámi ")
bechám se prononcait bésém ou basam
B.—À l'égard de la nomenclature botanique.
Baume est le sue de Commiphora Opobalsamum.
La myrrhe est la résine de accrue abyssinica, et tres-probable-
ment aussi de C. Schimpert
Nees de Esenbeck a commis l'erreur de substituer à la Myrrhe une
autre espèce le Hemprichia (oig, Myrrha, (Nees) Schwf.,
quil avait mal copié une note dans anii d'Ehrenberg qui
yrrham preebens, sed non
satis constat." Malgré cette note la plante fut proclamé dans les
Düsseldorfer Arzneigewüchse, iab. 357, comme le prototype de la myrrhe.
Il faut cependant conserver par droit m ienneté le mot mal appliqué
de Nees Hemiprichia aes Ng Cette plante que le compagnon
d'Ehrenberg, le Dr ich avait cueilli en 1825 près de Lahaja,
appartient au Tehama, la egiak littorale du Yemen, tandis que la vraie
po les montagnes, soit de l'Arabie soit de
Myrrhe e
PAbyssinie. Le H. Myrrha, Schwi., est complétement inodore et ne
. produit aucune résine.
90
MM. Engler, Schumann, Garcke, &e., ont adopté dans leur e wrer
l'explication "donnée par moi, La myrrhe des Somal. n'est en
suffisamment constaté, personne n'a vu la recueillir, sauf Hildebrandt
qui a. manqué d'identifier cae botaniquement. Chez les Somal
plusieurs espèces de Commiphora so
L'ideatité de Commiphor a aby ifo avec la myrrhe du commerce
d’Arabie a été constaté par M. A. Deflers en ares dans le pays
Fadhli- (est Y Aden) ou il ^ vu collectionner la myrrhe et d'oü ila a
rapporté des échantillons — tert D’apre s Deer aussi la region
à l'ouest d'Aden, au centre de l'angle bud edendi qui forme la peninsule
en contient eniadii ‘Cette espéce de myrrhe est aussi
n: t 90
ilométres à nord-ouest de Sana). Ce dernier S la myrrhe du
commerce exporté par Hadeidah comme la meillet
La — n'est pas recueillie en Abyssinie du; moins pas pour le
| ecommerce.
En Arabie on xd ls Lodi aujourd'hui ** Khaddash” pour
le eonun * murr orr" serait plutot l'expression arabe
littéra
La pci rhe des anciens était un medicament solide; une seule variété,
qu'on appelait ** stakte” pouvait servir comme ingrédient aromatique à
la composition des mixtures odorantes.
”
The deliberate judgment of so accomplished a botanist. as Dr.
ipt mens is entitled to great weight. It will e observed that he
expresses no opinion as to the origin of Somali myrrh, ee he sets
aside the conclusions which have hitherto been drawn by Flückiger,
Hanbury, Trimen and others from Hildebrandt’s eir: d The
conclusions at which Schweinfurth arrives are appare : (1) that
Fahdli and. Yemen Myrrh are identical; Md that eram se > produced
by Balsamodendron abyssinicum with which Deflers appea i
recently identified the plant which he TT doubtfully kept
to B. Opobalsamum.
I must confess that both conclusions seem me to present some
difficulty. In the first place both Somali and Fadhli myrrh give the
same colour reaction with bromine, while Yemen myrrh gives no
Yet Hanbury (Pharm. Journ. xii., p. 227) thought Fadhli myrrh “ thé
produce of some other tree than that producing common myrrh,” t:e., that
the plants producing stre and Fahdli myrrh were different, as is
probably the case. On other hand, the Kew Herbarium contains
in from the reri of Aden eollected by Captain Hunter
and labelled by him “ true myrrh,” which agrees with B. Myrrha.’ In
the Kew Report for 1878 Pia 40) the following account is given of a
Specimen sent to gasi by Mr. Wykeham Perry * as the true myrrh tree
of Arabia." ''* It odfibm the hills in the Fadhli district, some 60
miles from Aden: Te nt believed to be the same species as the Somali
plant. «This may be so, but it is wanting in the excessive ge ine of
B. Myr os — a small flowering branch previously received from Mr.
Wykeham appeared to agree with B. Opobalsamum, Kth., found in
Abyssinia Schweinfurt, = which is believed to i identieal with
B. ehrenbergianum, Berg." men (Bentley and Trimen, Medicinal.
Plants, sub tab. 60) on the teri hand regards the specimen as belonging
to “apparently the tice pad as B. Myrrha. 1t seems probable sm
to above, and I am now disposed to identify it with cae
simplicifolia, Schw.
91
The Kew Herbarium contaius a suite of specimens of this. species,
collected in Arabia Felix by Schweinfurth himself. | Two of these bear
the vernacular name ** Chaddasch” or * Chaddesch.” I presume that
this is the plant identified as B. abyssinicum " Deflers. The identity
of Schweinfurth’s with the Abyssinian plant is not obvious, and it
may conveniently be maintained as a distinct species. Sehweinfurth
remarks that myrrh is not collected from B. abyssinicum in Abyssinia,
and tbe only evidence that I have scen that it yields "Kj produet of the .
`~ sort is the label of a specimen collected by Speke and ^r EE which |
bears the remark “ Frankincense shrub, fencing’ by gar
A specimen of a plant stated to yield myrrh i by Captain
Hunter in the neighbourhood of Aden seems to me also identical with
Schweinfurth’s. ‘The evidence appears to point to the conclusion that
in the Fadhli district myrrh may be yielded by both Balsamodendron
Myrrha and B. simplicifolium, while the latter may be accepted as the
source of Yemen myrr
to Hadramaut m yrrh; we have the evidence of the specimens
ciliated in 1893-4 by Mr. Theodore Bent, who was asked to give
particular attention to the subject. It can har rdly be doubted that they
are referable to B. Opobalsamum (Kew Bulletin, 1894, p. 330).
AFRICAN BDELLIUM.
This drug, which is associated with myrrh, but, as fur as East Africa
appears to have been generally identified with the drug to whieh
MIT originally gave the name, and which was derived from West
Royle (Mat. Med., ne d. 387) says Dor te cose afri-
canum, Arnott “ found ici west of Afica , occurs also in Abyssinia,
having been found in the flat country of the "Adel It yields African
bdellium, or that impo into France from Guinea and Sen ‘
cor M. Perottet. M. Adanson, raat in his travels in
the Senegal, mentions it by the name of Niotout, as producing
bdelliu
Guibourt (Hist. Nat. des drogues simples, 4e ed. iii, 472) says
that *ilen vient aussi d'Arabie qui parait ótre de méme nature."
With regard to Balsamodendron iru the plant producing it, he
adds “ilest probable qu'il traverse l'Afrique. de part en part, et rien
n'empéche de penser qu'il ne eroisse i ay en Arabie.'
Dymock (Pharmacogr. Ind. i, p. 310) says:—'*to a sn extent
resembles myrrh, but is of a darker colour, less oily, and has
odour destitute of the aroma of myrrh;” an ' further hanana
bdellium is strongly bitter and has hardly. any aroma.’
The most detailed description is, however, nm by Parker (Pharm.
Journ., 3vd ser, x., p. 82) :—'* African .Bdellium is met with in large
tears like Opaque Bdellium, but the granulation is "m coarse, and t
surface is traversed by deep cracks. It is very hard ; the conchoidal
fracture appears slightly opaque, of a dull bluish stony hue, with a
"his is, ae used ss all i an gae in a more amitti
gense.
92
The following passage in Royle’s Materia Medica (pp. 386-7) seems to
have been overlooked by later writers.
* Mr. Johnston, also in his travels through Adel to Abyssinia (i. p.
247), in treating * of the tree that yields this useful drug, pea says:
‘there are in agen country of Adel two varieties, one alow, thorny,
uiulting "ed edge, is that which has been eerste _ by Ehrenberg.
is produces the finest kind of myrrh in our sh This may be
either B. Myrrha or one of the forms of R. Opstlilessiim. *'The other
is a more leafy tree, if I may use the expression, and its appcarance
o
the same largely serrated, dark green leaves, growing in run d
four or five, springing by several leaf-stalks from a eommon centr
'The flowers are small, of a light green colour, hanging in pairs beneath
the leaves, ovem in size and shape Dew e very much the flow r
goo e fruit is a kind of berry, tha: when
ripe easily ews off the dry shell | in two pieces, and the two aem it
contains escape. The outer bark is thin, tran sonne and easily
detached ; the verum. thick, woody. When wounded, à yellow turbid
flows freely upon the stones gre em ae underneath. Artificially it is
obtained by bruises made with ston d
“ This plant, judging from the ‘dat cih deposited by Mr. Johnston
in the British Museum, corresponds exactly with one, also in the same
collection, obtained by Mr. Salt in Abyssinia, Balsamodendron Kua of
Mr Brown's MSS., and of which Mr. Salt says, he obtained from it
a gum much T MOM the myrrh."
Iam indebted to Mr. George Murray, iod keeper of the Botanical
Department of the British Museum, for tracings both of Mr. Salt’s
E and of Mr. Johnston's specimen, Roth cence 9 me referable
o B. abyssinicum, which Oliver refers as " variety to B. africanum.
Royle states D č. n 387, footnote) :—“ Mr. Johnston immediately
recognised it [t.e. B. africanum] as one cf di trees yielding gum resin.
The "Jeaflets are ike those of B. Kua, Br.’ It appears therefore that
of the two plants met with by Mr. miaii the first is the source
of “ true myrrh,” the second of African bdelliu
Opaque BDELLIUM.
Parker (Pharmaceutical Journal, 3rd. ser. x., p. 82) gives the following
description of this drug :—‘‘ ma be at once recognised by its opaque,
yellow-ochre coloured, conchoidal fracture; it resists the uail. It is
very hard and difficult to fracture (difference from * gum hotai "),
almost odourless and its taste bitter without acidity, occurs frequently
in large rea ae tears with a coarsely granular surface.”
ike can bdellium, it finds its way to India from Berbera
According to Dymock (Pharmaceutical Journal, 3rd ser., vi., , P- 661}
this is found in ee bales of African m myrrh when sorted at Bombay.
It “is called meena harma, and is used for the extraction of Guinea
worm; it is of a Miyellowiibiv bite colour, resembling ammoniacum, with
hardiy any odour, and a bitter taste.
Parker however (7. Cy Pe 82), remarks that “ Dymock’s specimen . . .
of Opaque Bdellium, is a very brittle opaque gum, which agrees
pe spon with the ace hotai of Vaughan. Dymock’s identification
fore to be incorrect. Perhaps Parker's statement was
=
C3
not clearly understood by Bentley and Trimen who (Medicinal Plants,
sub tab. 60), ia to Hotat, observe * for which Opaque Bdellium is
cate nam
Par * (Pharmaceutical Journal, 3rd ser. xi., p. 41), further points
out ra tincture of ue Bdellium gives an intense geenis: -black
colour with ferric HUM A pO tincture of gum hotai dces
Of the source of Opaque Bdellium nothing appears to me kno
eu (l.c. p. 82) attributes it to Balsamodendron Playfairii, supposed
o be the source of Gum Hotai, but there a to be
for this except Bentley and Trimen’s mistaken [4 pot nel of Eum two
drugs.
Bissa Bór.
Hanbury states (Pharmaceutical Journal, xii., p. 227) that this is
e E regarded as a species of myrr h of ses quality. It was
erly known as East Indian Tyre rh, but now seldom . so
distingaishe el. It is quite distinet from Tiia ua African
dellium.”
Flückiger and Hanbury (Pharmacographia, 2nd ed., p. 146.) says :—
* Bissa Ból differs from myrrh in its stronger almost acrid taste, and in
odour which when once familiar is Sune, recognisable ; fine, specimen
of the former have the outward character of myrrh, and perhaps iko
often passed off for it." But they state that, unlike myrrh, it gives no
violet colour with bromin
They identify it with Habaghadi or Hebbakhade of the Somalis.
It is exported from the whole Somali coast. (Flick. and Hanb.
Pharmacographia, 2nd ed., p. 145.) According to Captain Hunter
(quoted by the same authors, l.c., pp. 140, 141) it is not fond * jn the
coast range of the Somali country, but only at a considerable distance
from the sea-sh
He gives the following. description of it: “occurs in irregular-shaped
pieces more or less flat, some of them having earth and fragments of
white streaks run through the semi-transparent r reddis mass.
odour is more powerful and more perfume | than that of bdellium ; the
taste perfumed, aromatie, and feebly bitter.
ym Pharmaceutical Journal, 3rd. ser. vi. p. 661) further says
that the adherent tark is thick, “ not the birch-like atk that adheres to
common bdellium . ‘he odour on fresh fracture is powerful
and pount not unlike a lemon lollipop.”
r (Pharmaceutical Journal, 3rd ser. x., p. 82) identifies
Dymock’s perfumed Bdellium with Bissa bél proper. He states that
«bales of Bissa ból are shipped fro om Berbera to Bombay ; probably a
ion
ibes it as resembling “ myrrh much more closely than either of
the bdelliums previously described. In external appearance it is CUM
vadis unlike myrrh, difücult to deseribe glisse because nothing
resembles it), but ony x recognised after one introduction to the
T
olfactory nerve. «< . - * he taste is aromatic and slightly
iter" >
94
In the Kew Reports for 1878 (p. 41) and 1880 (pp. 50, 51) vefer-
ence is made to specimens of the plants yielding Bêsabol brought to this
cou ex ts, Mr. Wykeham Perry. They produced foliage at "Kew and
were ified as Hemprichia erythrea, Ehr. Hemprichia is now
Mia. to be identical with Balsamodendron, and the species producing
Bissa ból may therefore be Fou do e B. erythreum, Parker (l.c.)
gives it as B. Kafal. This is paih seily founded upon the remark
of Bentley and Trimen (Medicinal Plants, sub tab. 60) that Hemprichia
erythrea is probably to be referred to A? == Kafal of Forskål. In
this Engler (De Cand. Monogr. iv. p. 21) a
‘Trimen (/.c.) also suggests the further identity of sepe 4
onu Ai in this Engler (L.c., p. 19) does not concu
r. E. M. Holmes made the following statement din. Journ.,
3rd i Ser, XXV, 1894-95, p. 501) :—
opopanax of cates is poete from a gum-resin which has a db»
different origin, being derived from es a sal Kataf, Engl. It is
the “ Bissabol" of Pharmacographia (2nd Ed., p. 145), and "the per-
fumed bdellium of Dymock, Mat. Med. India ji 158-9. In appearance
it resembles Pares and myrrh also, but it has a slightly pleasant and
quite distinctive odour
It is pointed out in ne Kew Report fov 1878 (p. 41) that :— Fors-
kal relates that the gum of. Balsamodendron Kataf is used by Arab
women for washing their hair, which is precisely the purpose for which
that next to be mentioned [Gum Hotai] is employed in Somali-land.”
Horar.
According to Vaughan (Pharm. Journ. xii, p. 227) this “is the
pearance not unlike that which produces the myrrh, and attains the
height of abovt six Hes
Flüekiger and Hanbury (Pharmacogr. vy ed., p. 146) quote Miles
for the iii iibri that re heath hai is only use n the Somali d 1Y ss
men to whiten their shields (by means "s an Kalio made w e
drug), by women to cleanse their hair.” They further suggest shut
^ probably hodthai and habaghadi is one and the same thing." In the
Kew Report for 1880, p. 51, it is pra out that *the gums them-
selves are certainly distinct, and . . the plants yielding
them also.
The origin of Hotai seemed clearly established by the specimens sent
to Kew by Sir Lambert P which Sir Joseph Hooker described
as ee Playfairi o these is attached in the Kew
Herbarium a note by Hanbury :-—“ It constitutes a spiny shrub of 6
feet high pati a in great abundance all along the Somali coast on the
sandy plain lying between the mountains and the sea. Its Arabie name
otai is also applied to the gum which it appears to produce in nbund-
ance and of which Captain Playfair has sent us specimens, ‘This gum
is an opaque, Modena brittle substance, occurring in large tears ; it is
nearly inodorous t has bitterish acrid taste ; with water it readily
forms a frothing effetti The gum is collected by the $
it as Soap, and according to Mr, Vaughan especially for cleansing the
g
z
E
5
C
ea
eo
$
Hanbury (Pharm. Journ., xii., pp. 227, 228) ge vi Hotai "ken
Viae epe mens) as occurring in “irregular piec
95
of bien tiers opacity, cracked in all directions, and readily breaking up
in gular pieces; on the exterior the la are yellowish-
tiov | or somewhat liver-coloured, and occasionally encrusted on one
side with a reddish sand . . . D — or nearly white,
sometimes darker towards the centre. N — inodorous,.
but in taste is slightly bitter vum acrid to the throa
agitated with water in a phia a affords an siaiaibas ‘whieh
Engler (De Cand. Monogr. iv., p11), has ee B. Playfairit
with B. Myrrha, but this dentes ion cannot be sustained
Playfair’ s specimens ae the label * Somali country. ‘The plant
yielding the gum *Hotai'" This Engler quotes as E '« Somali, in
campis Hotai," a transla m» which might, perhaps, mislead. It is,
however, to be noted that the myrrh plant grows on the mountains
parallel to the Somali coast, whiie Playfair's plant g grew on the sandy
plain between the mountains and the sea.
Engler (Natürl. Pflanzenfam. iii. 4, p. 256) quotes the statement of
0
latter collected myrrh in Somali-land. © But he adds the pe,
not given by Trimen that it wasa plant “ d resembling B. Myrr
which has been described as a distinct species, B. Play yfairii. This i is,
pbi an error; as shown above, it is different from both.
CasvArL INGREDIENTS.
African myrrh when sorted at Bombay is found to contain a os
of other substances more or less similar in character. About these
little or nothing is known. They are discussed by Parker (Phat.
Journ., 3rd ser. x., p. 82, and xi., pp. 41-43).
Inpian BDELLIUM,
Two kinds are described by Dymock (Pharmacogr. Ind. i. pp. 31 0
311
* The produce of Balsamodendron Mukul somewhat resembles the
African drug in general appearance, the pieces often having portions
ssf bark attached to them, but the colour is —— often greenish ;
the odour and taste are somewhat different, and a certain proportion of
it is in distinct vermiform pieces as thick as ae little finger. Its
pane i is ee less than that of African bdellium.
e of B. Roxburghii occurs in. irregular lumps covered
more or less wi ith dirt and hair, to which portions of papery bark as
taste bitter; with water it forms a greyish-white emulsion.
It seems not impossible that these are the same thing, and pr rudupid
by the same species, B Mukul. Stocks erroneously identi&ed B. Mukul
with B. Roxburghii, which is an eastern and not a western species in
India (see Hooker, Kew Journ. Bot., i., p. 259).
96
DXII.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
Mr. RosERT Derry, formerly in the employ of the Royal Gardens,
and late Assistant Superintendent t of the Gardens and Forest Depart-
ment, Malacca, a post recently abolished, has been appointed Super-
intendent of Gardens, Perak.
. ALFRED Parsons, Superintendent of the Annandale Gardens,
Sinks at Ss has resigned his appointment on the reduction of the
salary. e post has ceased to be filled by an officer possessed of
‘technical knowledge
Mr. Cuartes WAKELY has been appointed Staff Instructor in
eerie d "eb the Technical Instruction Committee of the Essex
County C He was for five years in the employ of the Royal
dens, i. two and a half — of which he was sub-foreman in
the tropical propagating departmen
Mr. Wittram BriwpER, late foreman in the Temperate House
ment of the Royal Gardens, died at Kew on January 12 last
after a prolonged Miisa His service extended from 1871 to 1887,
when he was retired on account of old age. The Superannuation Act
of 1887 abolished pensions for men in Mr. Binder’s ernie and on
his retirement he met? received a small gratuity. His case was, how-
ever, taken up by the Gardeners’ Betiettileut Institution, from which
. Binder received an annual allowance until his death.
e Botanical Magazine for February.— Begonia e hero rade
native of Brazil. is a robust species, remarkable for having hermaphrodite
and unisexual flowers intermixed. ew obtained a piant from uste:
Sander and Co., who imported it with orchids. ** Seutellaria formosana "
is a pretty, half-shrubby [Ligen having dark purple flowers. It was
sent to Kev by Mr. Ford, the Superintendent of the Botanic and
Afforestation Department of Hong Kong, with the information that it
fr LJ . .
. javanica, S.
species. Sternbergia macrantha is a handsome species received from
of a century. is the most attractive of this striking but not very
showy genus, Bifrenaria tyrianthina, a fine Rrazilian species, is an
en older inhabitant of our gardens, having been introduced by th
firm of Loddiges 60 years ago. The plant figured was obtained from
Messrs. Linden, of Ghent, in 1893.
. Relief House.—One of the great difficulties in maintaining a collection
of plants under glass is the necessity from time to time of repairing and
97
repainting the houses in which they are grown. For this pu the
houses have to be age Po and the plants removed. They ine y Á
suffer severely from being crowded and stowed away in places qui
unsuitable to their cultivation.
To remedy this difficulty, H.M. Office of Works built last year in
one of the private voor departments of the "rpm (* Melon
Yard") a * relief hou This structure is 56 ft. long, 23 ft. wide,
e in
Rendle was adopted for the lights. Any collection can now be tran
ferred at short notice to the “relief house” where it will be, tough
not accessible to the publie, safe from injury till its origi quarters
are again available for occupation.
Palm House Heating.—During the past year the renewal of pr
heating apparatus in the Palm House has been completed. In the
Bulletin (pp. 42, 43) for February 1895 an account was given of the
work done on the north win gin 1894 ata cost of 1 ante eae ng the
ste summer the sonth wing has been dealt with in the same way.
It is no oming generally understood that the entis of large
structures for horticultural purposes requires a different treatment to
that which is suitable in other cases. It is necessary to have a large
amount of piping heated to a comparatively low temperature rather than
a small amount at a much higher. At first sight this looks wasteful, but
in practice it does not prove to be so. The improvement of the heating
arrangements in the Palm een have resulted in a considerable economy
of fuel, though there are more pipes to heat. An insufficient amount of
pipes necessitates the furnaces batig “ driven,” with a consequent waste
of fuel. The atm mosphere in the eii is heated by the continuous
movement of the'hot air in contact with the pipes, which in turn is
moisture too rapidly, to deposit it as “drip” on the cold surface of the
glass. In cold weather it is almost im possible | to maintain the humidity
nec
suffer almost more from excessive dryness than from a low temperature.
Asthe heated air ascends from the shes below it cools, and a down
draught is set up. The use of a high level auxiliary pipe to a large
extent remedies this. Piping is now carried round the whole of the
Palm-House at the level of the lantern.
the second of two spars which were presented to the Royal Gardens
with Eo publie spirit by Edward ems Esq., of the firm of Messrs.
Anderson, Anderson, an The first was from British Columbia,
and was 118 feet in length. It was preki in course of erection in
1859. The existing spar came from Vancouver’s Island, and is 159 feet
in length. It was erected in 1861, and is believed to be the tallest
spar
dually Trati S and on examination it was pronounced by the
p PERY be unsafe. Messrs. Anderson, A nderson, and Co. were,
u 91285. . C
98
however, of opinion that it might still be preserved, and on their recom-
mendation the work was placed by H.M. Office of Works in the hands of
ssrs. Robinson and Dodd, contractors to H.M. Indian Government,
the decayed base, and spliced on a new one of pitch-pine. The splice
is held together by five iron bands. The spar was then re-erected on
February 4 last.
Pelican.— During the month M lenan the fine Dalmatian pelican
(Pelicanus crispus), w hich had any years been a popular pet in
the Royal Gardens, met with some vended accident, and broke both
its wings. The in as, unfortunately, not discovered till it was past
remedy, and the td had to be killed to put it out of suffering. It was
given to the Royal Gardens in 1888 by Lord Lilford, who had obtained
it from the Lower be.
e Zoological Society has, with great kindness —— the
Sae ADR E. Sclater, Esq. F.R.S.), supplied its place with a female
white pelicin (Pelicanus onoprotabwt), which it is hoped will mate with
the surviving bird of the same specie
Blackthorn fishhooks.—Amongst recent additions to the Museums is
one illustrating a singular application of the blackthorn (Prunus
t seems that the spines or thorns of this well-known plant
are not S ECE used on the east coast of Essex as fishhooks. We
. are indebted to Mr. R. T. Pritchett, a resident of Kew, for a portion of
singular hooks are illustrated, "d are thus referred to :—* In the Thames
estuary, on the coast of Essex, thorn hooks are stil used. The form
of these curious contrivances, hic we should expect to find among
aborigines rather thau in Engli ish waters, will be understood from the
illustration. Each thorn has about an inch of lugworm twisted round it,
enough to furnish a drawing of the hook showing the attachment to the
line, and he further tells us that similar hooks were, a few years since,
used on the coast of Merioneth.
Strobilanthes callosus.— This is an acanthaceous plant confined to
western and central India which has not hitherto had an nomic
properties attributed to it, nor does its distinct patchouli odour seem
to have been recorded. The following correspondence gives the
' particulars :—
Mr, F. C. CONSTABLE TO ROYAL GARDENS, Kew.
Dear Sır, Rhandalla, January 3, 1896.
.. l1 SEND you a box of the apparently unopened buds of a shrub
or smalltree. I send them for this reason: I was walking on a steep
mountain side EN MA mile or more of these trees chose together
99
simply laden with the buds, There was in the air a hirig resinous,
pleasant odour from the buds. My hands were covered with what
exuded and—this is the point—though I washed my hands three times
the pieni scent rem are
Can the buds be put to any use? I am here but for ten days, but
fom what I have seen p think there must be an almost inex-
giblo an supply
ours faithfully,
(Siga) F. C. CoNsTABLE.
Karachi
Messrs. Piesse & Lupin to Rovat GARDENS, Kew.
2, New DUM Street, London,
DEAR Mr. a ACKSON. February 1 18:
r note and the sample of Sirobilaathes duly to hand this
morning.
The odour certainly somewhat resembles patchouli, but, we think here,
not so
If M correspondent could have some of the cones and leaves dis-
tilled with water so as to collect the otto we could form a better opinion
as to its applicability to the wants of the perfumery trade. Speaking
eoo we think it would belikely to be used in the soap trade.
e ottos, as you know, are considerably altered by the distillation,
for pete neroli, from orange blossom, and the neroli is perhaps more
appreciated than the orange blossom, if we may judge from the ever-
lasting demand for “eau de cologne” in which it is prominent,
experiment is worth trying, and perpens your ERE would pick
up some hints from the “ Art of Perfumery.’
Believe me, &c.,
(Signed) T arit H. Presse.
Mr. Littledale’s Tibetan Plants.—Mr. Littledale gave a striking
account of his recent remarkable journey in Tibet at the meeting of
the Royal Geographical Society on Februar
The Director made the following remarks on the plants collected :—
“Tt was a happy circumstance that Mr: Littledule had been able to
save his parcel of dried plants from the disasters which befel the rest
of his collections. Its examination, which is not yet wholly completed,
ring of mountains which lie between the Tengri
The precise position was lat. 30° 12’, N. and long. 90° 25,
* One of the most striking festures of the collection is the large
preponderance of European genera; one might in fact say of British,
because the large majority are represented in in Britain. Out of betwen
40 and 50 genera there are only half a dozen of which this is not the
case. Five species, Aconitum Napellus, Potentilla fruticosa,
phyllum verticillatum Taraxacum palustre and Polygonum viviparum
are actually found in this mese i The first is probably an introduced
plant, the Myriophyllum is an aquatie, the distribution of which is usually
wide, but the two last are characteristic mountain forms with us. And
100
in Potentilla fruticosa we have the most striking link between the
two floras, as, though a rare plant, it is undoubtedly native in the North
of T. and the West of Ireland
“The flora of Western Tibet has long been tolerably well known.
Eastern Tibet on the other hand was stated by Sir Joseph Hooker in
1855 to bə *quite unknown botanically) Since this time our know-
ledge of the northern belt is the result of the journies of Prjevalsky and
Potanin, of Captain Bower, and of Mr. Rockhill. The publication of
the. collections of the two former pide prie was interrupted by the
lamented death of Maximowiez. Those of the two latter were worked
neighbourhood of the Tengri Nor and Sikkim our knowledge is still
extremely limited, and is much enlarged by Mr. Littledale's work. Sir
h $
to ecies. In 1882 the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta,
obtained some plants through a aroe collector, Ugyen Gyatsho, who
accompanied Sarat Chandra Das s journey to Lhasa; the collector
did not, devei: get further n "ttis Gyatse Jong. In 1590, Prince
Henri d'Orleans, like Mr. Littledale, attempted to reach Lhasa from
the north, but apparently collected no plants in this part of his
journe
“The gs Sg under which the Tibetan flora exists are perhaps
unique. Lon o General Strachey expressed -— d that
flowering plants rade up to 19,000 ft. E .R.G.S. xxi, p.77). But
18,000 ft. appears to have been the h highest Chant Fd: ‘level till the
receipt of the collections of Surgeon-Captain Thorold who accompanied
Captain Bower. e conditions under which vegetation can exist in
such circumstances are of course extreme. It is hardly necessary to say
that there are no trees and no shrubs nor any plants above a foot high.
Very few indeed are above 3 inches out of the ground. eneral
(Journ. Linn. Soc, xxx., p. 101). A very large proportion of the plants
are herbaceous per canals v w (ith long tap-roots, a rosette of leaves lying on
the ground, from the centre of which springs ‘the dwarf inflorescence.
The flora as a whole belongs to the Arctic-alpine division of the
at northern region. But as usual this sae a purely endemic
element, and also one related to the neighbouring area to the south, from
it has been perhaps recruited. Of the characteristically Tibetan
plants obtained by Mr. vt aC some had been previously ot exclave by
u Of the typical gr ig alpine flora two species may bè singled out as
representative. Lychnis apetala extends to Spitzbergen, and there is a
very interesting bha. of the well-known edelweiss, Leontopodium
2 num, which was also collected by Mr. Rockhill. The total absence
of gentians in Mr. Littledale’s-collection 1s remarkable. It is interesting
to note that the single fern colectas Polypodium hastatum, was
b
anong, the new species is a Venus pis Of two fungi colleeted, one:
is new
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
Nos. 113-114. | MAY and JUNE. [1896.
DXIIL—BOTANICAL ENTERPRISE IN BRITISH
HONDURAS
A botanie station was established in the neighbourhood of Belize, in
British Honduras, by the Governor, Sir Alfred Moloney, K.C.M.G., in
1892 (Kew Bulletin, 1895, p. 10). The first curator was Mr. James
MeNair, who, under the supervision of the same energetie Governor,
had laid the foundation of the successful station now existing at Lagos
in West Africa. ;
Sir Alfred Moloney has recently issued a “ Brief Outline of the
Botanical Efforts of the Government of British Honduras.” This gives
an interesting account of the work of the station and of the part it is
intended to play in aiding the economic development of the colony.
Hitherto British Honduras has been largely dependent upon the cutting
of mahogany and logwood. e former has, however, serionsly declined
of late years owing to the competition of so-called “mahogany” from
West Africa. It is evident that other industries are n ry for the
welfare of the colony, and the Governor has rightly drawn public
. d " jve to
ed by t ed railway considerable
development will take place in the cultivation of coffee, cacao, fruit, and
Governor's statement :—
In 1882 the question of establishing in Belize or in some other part
of the Colony a Botanic Station was put forward by Sir Joseph Hooker,
K.C.S.1., C.B., then director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, for the
consideration of the Colonial Office.
u 93623. 1375.—10/96. Wt. 123. A
102
Although in 1884 the recommendation reached the stage of adoption
by the Sorea of State for the Colonies, the scheme only took shape
in Septemba d
The ssity for such an institution had-been long recognised in the
Giai in at ee fea of the development of its cultural industries. Tn
recognition of E. want, and te pps to the gei feeling, I took
d
oyal Gardens at Kew to develop new a eee and to distribute plants
of con.mercial importance. In furtherance of such views, there have been
established in all our West Indian Possessions, Botanic Stations. Surely
the time has come for a similar institution in & Colony which has such
exceptional sdivantages, whether we look to climate, soil, or a market.
It has been with some justice advanced nies British Honduras can be
. made the reram Garden of North Americ
* *
The "edm of our cultural industries, still really in their infancy,
are chiefly represented by ba sie ine plant. m cocoanu Pe: coir, co Praet
henequen, Indian corn, limes, mangoe g and €
pineapples, avocado pears, rubber, to which there should be addel, in
time, urnatto, cacao, grou ind-nut, indigo, Mod ramie, spices, manila,
and doubtless other marketable commodities
* * * * + *
‘There resulted the unanimous acceptance and passing by the Legis-
lature of an Ordinance No. 1 of 1892, to provide for the establishment
of a Botanic Station
is Ordinance empowered the Governor-in-Council to make from
time to time Rules :—
(1.) For the management, government, and control of the station,
and of the officers appointed in connexion therewith.
(2.) For the distribution of plants therefrom.
(4. Generally for encouraging and promoting the use and efficiency
Station as a means of education in all matters
redu g to agriculture and horticulture:
Provision of 1300 dollars, made up of. 300 dollar: ts for a gardener
and 1000 dollars for the maintenance of the grounds of Government
House, had been previously made in the annual Estimates. under
* Governor and Councils,
In 1892 that — was supplemented by 1000 dollars, and the
aggregate credited to the Surveyor-General's Department under the
new heading ‘ Botanic Centre.’
The following is the Report of the Committee appointed to recom-
ae a suitable site for the establishment of the Central Botanic
Sta
Sm, . Belize, 29th December 1893.
|. Tm committee RUBUS to decide on the most suitable site for à
a botanic station have the honour to report :—
103
^1. Having considered the various sites proposed they are in favour of
the one offered. by the British Honduras Syndicate at Hope
Creek, in the Stann Creek district.
. 2. The committee having in view the probable extension of the
agricultural development of the colony, which is likely to take
plaee, by the ereation of convenient stations, from which economie
- plants can be diro obtained, would respectfully suggest that
-the offer of M ce Brothers to grant 25 ac
-in fee, at: k eidal on the Sittee River, be also accepted as an
auxiliary station to the one at Hope Creek.
3. The committee would beg further to suggest that about. 50 acres
of Crown land, in the vicinity of Hope Creek, be reserved for the
present, in connexion with the scheme under consideration and
pending the results of carrying out their repo
I have,
IILLIP
nisu ot de alii
The services of a qualified and -experienced San in the
person of Mr. J. McNair were secured from Jamaica at a salary at the
rate of 1007. per annum, rising to 130/. by an annual iini of 10/.,
with a house. He arrived on the 9th September 1892, when he
assumed the duties of his office as superintendent of the Botanic
Station of the Colony, and began his work.
The main object of this initial effort was to establish a mee cam
centre of economic plants of Serien tse where the wants of sma
and extensive cultivators could be me
The site devoted to the purpose was an acre of land appropriated to .
the use of the publie from the grounds of Government House, and
which formerly embraced the kitehen garden of the Governor. A
as at the time appreciated that the growing requirements of the
colon dd necessitate the removal, in time, of the central station to
a more suitable site, in one of the rich and protected river valle
where it could be developed into a general botanic department with a
branch as an experimental farm, or in some other form on e chief
river of use district. FH
Steps were M iiem taken to aequire e-€ reserve suitable sites to
meet with ossible exte
In such diféióné the following free grants have been generously
ade :—
m
(a.) By the British Honduras Syndieate, 75 acres of very fine land,
well ‘watered and fairly well provided with shade trees, on Ho
Creek, North Stann Creek River, boit north of Melinda, which is
-employés of the station as well as to visitors. This site is also
approachable from the sea by the North Stann Creek River.
(b) By E. A. H. Schofield, Esq., 10 acres situated on the San
Andres Road, Corosal, Eas about half a en o Nae town ; it is
- P es from the and has adjace s, the Hondo
d New River, by which plants can be distributed. stir oiagehite the
Corosal oe Orange Walk districts
c.) By Messrs. Price, Brothers, 25 acres at their estate of Kendal,
and abuttisig on the Sittee River, where the waters are abundant
and fresh.
A 2
104
(d.) By Messrs. Arnold Brothers, 25 acres have also been reserved
on the Temash River, in the Toledo District, where the land is of
the richest in the colony.
The existing station would remain, and continue to serve as a
distributing centre for the Belize and Cayo districts.
The Hope Creek section has been rociado ded by an able and
experienced committee, appointed for the purpose, as the most suitable
nd
Sections (a), (b), and (o) have been surveyed, and the two first
conveyed to the Government
was also considered that the existing station would serve not only
as a nursery for the raising and distribution »f seedlings, both indigenous
and exotic, of economic marketable value, but also might be utilised and
resorted to as a practical school for the Se oe education of youths
whom planters wish to have trained to serve as gardeners in plantation
nurseries, at their own expense as regards tdia aud maintenance. So
far the hope of the Government in this direction has not been realized.
Nor have apprentices been induced to come forward, although applica-
tions for them, with the offer d s 50 dollars (sols) per month have been
made in the Government Gaze
It would be in the Bible of the colony to send to Hope Garden, .
Jamaica, a couple of Creole youths to be trained as gardeners, so
that after an apprenticeship of three years they E be able to take
ec of Hee us which would be later establis
In this n ction the co-operation of the Cossenmedt of Jamaica has
already bcen invited.
ae Supp P furtherance of the aim and objects of the Bota
Centre, an Agricultural Society has been established under the teinii
of Ordinance No. 23 of 1894, for the purpose of promoting the general
TS of the agricultural classes and the industries of the colony.
an honorary secretary, representative of the wood, fruit, cane, cacao,
coffee, and other economic industries.
The duties undertaken by the committee a
a.) To consider all questions affecting the EET interests of
British Honduras, and to communicate with the Government or
es
(4.) To hoid, as may be désir d advisable, weite shows and
exhibitions of agricultural produce, live sto t achinery, imple-
ments, harness, ralig and other dead stock,
( G To. encourage p loughing, forking, and other tate competitions ;
(d.) To promote (as the society ma deem advisable, and as its funds
and powers permit) by means of diseussion, prizes, publieation of
papers, researches and inquiry, reports and application to the
Government, and by any other proper and lawful action, the
supply, employment, and welfare of agricultural labourers, the
collection and publication of statistics, the dissemination of informa-
tion on all matters relating to agriculture, and the general interests
of the agricultural industries of British Honduras.
The necessary legislation (Ordinance No. 24 of 1894) has also been
added to s Ajam Book against the introduction into the Colony of
diseases in
*
rary expedient, id it Tu rg ET to stand by
dumm station inde lu stait nao Don placed
E!
ibn. E PE
105 .
under the Surveyor General, wliose officers, scattered as they are over
the Colony, would be in a position to further the interests of the Station
by contributing from time to time useful plants and seeds.
In the promotion of the distribution in the Colony of Coffea arabica
and Coffea liberica, and other seedlings, the co-operation of the religious
denominations and commissioners has been invited, and plants free of
cost have — pinced at their disposal.
*
The Royal Gardens, Kew, and the Botanical Department Jamaica
have been constant and generous in their supply of plants an eon
rom the report for the quarter ended 31st December 1894, it appears
that 1,844 plants are in their permanent places, whilst 9,422 in beds and
pots re menit: available for the public.
The issues have amounted to 25,024, of which 16,829 have been sold
e.
Amongst these were 19 ae 597 Cocoanut, 23,795 Coffee, 49
Cacao, E run, 136 Rose
* *
Gaia by experience, icin may, I think, ee as products
Mee from a Meere point of view can be profitably grown :—the
, banana, cacao, coffee (arabica for the rie fih liberica
for the lowlands), cane, rubber (Castilloa T cocoanuts, coja aoe
pe fruit, ground ied henequen, jute, lemon, lime, nu
D neapple, bist ntain, pimento, sapodilla ‘which pc the chewing gum
used in the United States), Shaddock, tobacco, and vanilla.
s to what are generally ca “Kitchen Garden Products ” it may
be convenient to know that dnd grow luxuriantly in this Colony the
Jerusalem artichoke, asparagus, beans of various kinds, cabbage o
cauliflower, celery, corn, cucumber, edible gourds, Indian kale, lettuce,
melon, mint, ochro ( wide ely used in gombo soap in the ee States),
parsley, potatos (ordinary and sweet), pea, soe tomat
With such a list as I have mentioned, it seem Vellei incredible
that vegetables have to be imported fro iC NN Orleans, some 8
miles aN and that that city is our source wot supply instead of being
our m s x
The station was opened, as ra nee in diliat 1892. Quite
one-half the area had to be reclaimed and raised 2 feet in some parts.
It began to be productive in April 1893.
The experiment has cost the Colony, for 1892-4, $1,429°40, or £159,
a bagatelle compared with the value to the Colony of the economic
plants distributed, of the hygienic tree planting that has taken place,
and of the practical instruction — by the €
* *
The. continued "T in MT price of. mahogany idi resulted in closing
nearly all the mahogany works. The richer and healthier lands are
not | su ceny accessible to pogei agriculture being ente
hundreds, depopulate the Colony, and paralyse pon trade and revenue.
ALFRED MOLONEY,
Governor,
LI
106
DXIV.—SUGAR-CANE DISEASE IN BRITISH GUIANA.
The rind disease cu, to a fungus, Trichospheria sacchari, which is
doing so much damage to the sugar-cane in the West Indies, is discussed
e Kew ie for 1895 (pp. 81-88), where references are given
ia Mute dr art
The fo quem holes taken from the Demerara Argosy of Novem-
ber 16 records ve existence of the disease in British Guiana, and its
probable effect the crop. It is satisfactory to observe that the
systematic hanni? of the diseased canes is advocated as Bed abel
in the Kew Bulletin for 1893 (p. 152). But the further precaut
necessary of taking scrupulous care eJ is use perfectly lénlihy c canes
or propagation, Kew Bulletin, 1893 (p. 348).
* Although a few showers have fallen throughout the colony, consider-
ably heavier in some places than in others, the drought cannot yet be
verd years, the ne edie na a peared among the canes and is
causing a loss of juice that is variously estimated at from 10 to 20 per
cent. A leading planter informs us that the quality of the juice is not
affected by the fungus, as is the case when canes attacked by the borer
are crushed along with good canes; but the quantity is seriously
ected, the portion of the cane which the fungus has at itacked having
arene left in it but fibre. At the Royal. Agricultural Society’s
meeting on Thursday the question was discussed, and Mr. Howell
Jones expressed the opinion that by leaving e of the apen canes
in the field, and burning all the megass from the cane mill, the fungus
would be prevented from spreading and soon be eradicated. Athough
the disease is said not to affect the quality of the juice, the crushing
throughout the colony generally is giving results in saccharine richness
somewhat under those of the corres sponding period of 1894. But pro-
bably the juice will inteusify as the season advances; and let us hope
that the market will follow suit. At inei dark sugar is fetching
$2.20 in the street for American refiners, a price which is better than
the worst, but far too low to be regarded "with satisfaction
The following letter from the Government analyst gives a valuable
aecount of the extent of the disease and the measures taken for its
contro.
Mr. J. B. Harrison TO ROYAL GARDENS, Kew.
overnment Laboratory, Georgetown,
Dear Sim, Demerara, March 3, 1896.
Mn. JENMAN has shown to me your letter to him concerning the
prevalence of rind disease in this colony, and the alleged apathy "with
which its appearanee has been treated by the colo nists. Fro your
letter I am inelined to think that you are not in possession of all the
facts relative to this matter.
Since the first accounts of the prevalence of this disease in the West
Indian Islands reached the colony the keenest interest has been taken
in the matter by the planters, and from time to time many na the
ited Barbados
managers have vis | and inquired into the state o: irs
there
It was not, however, until you kindly supplied us with mem of
Mr. Massee's Sorge that we were able to recognise the ved therein
deseribed as one constantly present in the tissues ead and dying
cae ti colony, n no matter how their death was caused. Teos that
107
localities, In den months it was first noticed to be present to a serious
n e
merara
tields affected were, upon my advice, burnt before cutting, reaped as
rapidly as possible and the actually diseased canes destroyed in the
affected were thrown out of sugar cultivation. In December of 1894 I
received instructions to visit the West Indian Islands and to consult
with the botanists and chemists who had studied this disease. This I
; Gre
has been abandoned since 1867. Even in the ie eae plaee I
found canes affected with the rind disease. n I learned
that estates in East Demerara had also m Ea ‘lightly from the
disease. E the earlier part of last year p pem of its prevalence
were brought our notice, bu received from plantations in
Essequibo and Deania specimens affected with the “root fungus"
and also with a peculiar disease causing “ clubbing” of the roots. In
October and November last it became apparent that lar ge areas of canes
were more or less affected in east and west coasts of Demerara, in the
Essequibo islands, and on the coast of Essequibo. The estates on the
banks of the rivers have not suffered to any extent, whilst the Berbice
ones have apparently escaped, At present, canes everywhere seem free
from it, but if we suffer from drought " have no doubt it will reappear.
As long as we had constant wet seasons the disease remained unnoticed ;
it is during periods of drought that it occurs. At the e Agricultural
Committee this disease has been a constant theme of discussion since it
I have visited several of the estates where
it has been most prevalent, and found that it is practically common only
a
.. On all estates, as far as I can ascertain, every ca
destroy all diseased canes, and this is far easier to d completely here
than in the islands.
may mention that duri g my visit to the islands T was doin to the
conelusion that the effects due to fungus disease eatly
gerated, as all defects arising from. vir or sift efects,
s, wan s, had been recently
à ne oec in St. visa informed me “om
whilst the fungus was injurious to the owners it was a
managers, as through it they sould explain all things eich: v "ii
wron
But. with regard to this Colony, where the managers of sugar estates
are men of an entirely different type to those in the West Indian
Islands, I can assure you that there has been no eel to.“ pooh qe »
ds,
€ dise ca ver every effort possible is being, and has been,
m^ e ve, perhaps, devoted ourselves more x the
idi y of the saon which have allowed it to spread so rapidly and
108
to the chemical n: produced by it than to purely tcs points
in connexion with it, and have refrained from allowing ourselv
into the state of Bepolibticy which characterised several of tie West
Indian Islands.
I quite agree with your views regarding seedling canes. As far as
my observations have gone no variety of cane is immune from the prae
of this fungus, provided that the health of the cane is weakened in any
way, and that it suffers from insect attack or other mechanical i iex to
its tissues.
remain, &c.
(Signed) J. B. Harrison.
N.B.—No canes have been introduced into this Colony from
Barbados or elsewhere since May or June, 1890. It is not likely,
ie that the disease has been recently introduced into the
olon
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G.
DXV.—HAND-LIST OF CONIFERZE GROWN IN THE
ROYAL GARDENS.
The is of this publication, wits isonsale in the Royal Gardens,
is reproduced :—
The Suton Hand-list Rid properly d none of that of the
“ Trees and Shrubs grow the Arboretum,” but so many persons
possess collections of Conifer wh are not hae ested in i her ligneous
plants that there was an obvious convenience in treating them sepa-
u g :
rather group, Conifere, is so well defined that it is desirable to
enumerate in one list all the species actually in cultivation at Kew.
These comprise 227 species, with 340 varieties, belonging to 37 p
Sir Joseph Hooker, the late director of the Royal d had con
merus the preparation of a Catalogue of the Kew Pinetum. hi
of it he had drawn up a brie ef review of the "Heeteeare of the
E which he has now, after revision, kindly Ei to be used :—
In the following list the species are referred to the Saint id
which they have been placed by the latest authorities, who have d
the order Conifere. That such an authoritative list should be ib.
lished is the wish ef all intelligent cultivators of these interesting plants,
and its publication in this country is rendered all the more needful from
the fact that the British cultivators alone persist in referring the Silver
Firs to Picea, and the Spruces to Abies, a practice long abandoned on
the Continent, and which bas not been adopted in America. - And if,
I hope, the current nomenclature will in Fore be adopted in regard to
the Latin names of these genera, I would further urge a reform in
respect of their English equivalents, in so far as to confine the use of
the words Pine to the species of Pinus, of Spruce to those of Picea, and
of Silver Fir to those of Abies. We should then be in accordance with -
the universal practice throughout North America, which is the head-
quarters of all three genera, where a Pine is never — Fir, nor a Fir
a Spruce, nor a Spruce a Pine.
The i ing historie sketch of the various essays of botanists to
limit the genera and species of Abietinee, shows how Mem have
109
been their views. I have endeavoured to make it more instructive, by
giving (where € are materials for doing so) under each attempt ‘the
number of species known to its author, thus further showing the pro-
scans discovery of species during the last hundred and eighty years or
there
Tou en in 1717, indicated the three genera, Abies, Pinus, and
€ (including Cedrus) ; and his Cedrus is Jun
in 1753, included these all under ey ie of which he
éuemevated 10 species.
In 1731 the first edition of Miller's Gardener's Dictionary. appeare red,
where he has Pinus, Cedrus, Larix, and Abies, with 16 species in all.
In 1789 A. L. de Jussieu, in his Genera Plantarum, has only two
genera, Pinus and Abies.
n the same year the first edition of Aiton’s Hortus Kewensis ap-
jme wherein all the Abzetinee (19 species) are included under
Pin
In 1 1803 was published the first edition of Lambert’s Genus gag:
ere about 35 species of Abietinee, all included under Pin
n 1813 the second edition of the Hortus Kewensis Pie iiy in
pe as before, all the Abietinee linis to 29) are included under
Pin
In} 3896 Louis Claude Richard’s Mémoire sur les Conif éres was edited
by hi This classical work is the earliest T dealt scientifically
with Ke order Conifere, and in it the Tribe Abietinee was first estab-
lished, e bag Pinus (under which were placed SAlces and Silver
Firs), Larix (which included the cedars), to these were added,
Cuminghanis Agathis (Dammara), and Araucaria, which now form
a a
n 1827 Link, in the Journal of the Academy of Sciences of Berlin
rei ec the five genera: Pinus, Picea (for Spruces), Abies (tor S: Iver
Firs), Pd: and Ce ans
In 1832 the second edition of Lambert’s Genus Pinus appeared,
wherein the Abietinee were all, as before, included under Pinus; which
however was broken up by David Don (Lambert's Herbarium keeper)
into six sections, Pinus, Strobus, Abies (for the “Spres) Picea x
the Silver Firs aid Tsugas), Larix, and Cedrus. About 48 species
all are descri
n 1838 Loudon's great work, the Arboretum et Maik
Britannicum appeared. The Tribe Abietinee is here adopted as
defined by Richard, with the genera Pinus, Abies, Picea, Larix, and
Cedrus : and here that confusion of Abies and Picea which so distresses
British foresters and planters had its origin. At. p. 2105 there is a
clavis of the genera, where the genus Abies is attributed to Link, but
the characters given to it are those of Link’s Picea; and in like manner
Don in Lamb. Pin. vol. iii." with the addition of“ Picea, Link” as a
ses e erede by descriptions of the Spruces. And at p. 2829 we
have ** a, D. Don in Lamb. Pin. vol. iii^ with Abies, Link, as a
synonym; old by descriptions of the Silver Firs. Now not only
was the edition of Lainbert's work subsequent to Link's establishment of
Picea for Spruces and ‘Abies for Silver Firs, but Don nowhere. in
inber''s Genus Pinus proposed these names as generic. Disregardi
this blundering, which probably o riginated in the elaboration of the
conifers being a composite work of Don and Loudon working apart,
110
there remains but one argument for. preferring Don’s nomenclature,
which is, that Linnzus called the Silver Fir Pinus Tiens and the Spruce
P. Abies assuming that he was following the practice of the ancients,
Owing to the great merit and utility of Loudon's Arboretum, his
nomenclature has hitherto been universally adopted in the United
ngdom. It contains descriptions of about 70 species of Abietinee.
In 1841 Link (in Linnea, vol. xv., p. 481) reviewed the whole Tribe
of Abietinee, retaining, as before, Pinus, Picea, Abies, Larix, and
Cedrus, and enumerating 52 speci
In 1841-46, Antoine’s Die Coniferen appe in which all. the
Abietinee are referred to ^ with sections of Pinus proper, Larix,
Cedrus, i Don, Abies, Don, and Tsuga; he describes 90 species.
In 1842 Spach, in ees ' Histoire Naturelle. des Végétaux, adopted
Pinus, biek including under it as sections Picea, Link, Tsuga, and
Endlicher, in the same year, in his Genera Plantarum reverted to
ERIT practice of including ‘all under Pinus, but made four sections
us proper, Picea, Link, Abies, Link, and Larix, including
yum the same author's S ynopsis Coniferarum, published two years
later, he maintains the genus ere entire, as before, but subdivides it
into 11 sections, with 109 spec
In 1850 Lindley and Gordon Published (in the Journal of the Horti-
cultural Society, vol. v.) * An enumeration onifere cultivated in
Great Britain," where two gen only are adopted, Pinus and Abies,
and the latter is acer gy gets "Firs (including Spruces), Larches, and
Cedars, with 119 spee
Meisner in 1836-43. published his Mis coded Plantarum Vascularum,
wherein he includes all Abietinee under Pinus, with, as sections, Pinus
proper, Picea, Link, Abies, Link, and Jn including Cedrus.
In 1855 Carriére’s Traité général des pad ères appeared ; he keeps |
Pinus, Abies, Link, Picea, Link, Lar Cedrus, and Tsuga,
which includes Pseudotsuga. This work peto, 133 species,
many of which are now ranked as varieties.
In 1858 appeared the first edition of Gordon's Pinetum, in which he
maintains Pinus, Abies, Don Jara aoe and CM Sac
Picea, Don, Larix, Cedrus s, and Pseudolarix. He enumerates
species, of which many are imperfectly gud i
In 1865 Henkel and Hochstetter published their Die Coniferen,
with the following arrangement, Pinus, Abies (including ie Tape,
Abies, Link, Tsuga, and Pseudotsuga), Cedrus, Larix
genus Pseudolarix, Gord. They describe 130 species, which aout
be.
In 1867 the second edition of Carriére’s Zvazté was published, in
which all the genera of the first edition are retained together with
Pseudotsuga ve Keteleeria, and 153 species are described, excluding
many dubious o
In 1868 Pailatore’s monograph of the order appeared in the 16th
volume of De Candolle’s Prodromus. The ge Pinus. is divided
into two sub-genera, inus proper for the Pines, and Sapinus ; which
latter includes as sections only Picea, Link, Abies, Link, Cedrus,
t Pseudolarix, Tsuga, and Pseudotsuga. The species describe
cR 1875 oes second edition of Gordon’s Pinetum was p lish
whic me genera are retained as in the 1858 sition, with 150
species,
111
Lastly, in the Genera Plantarum 18824, Mr. Bentham and I have
distinguished. Pinus, Picea, Link, Abies, Link, Tsuga, Pseudotsuga,
Larix, and .Cedrus, to which must now be added Pseudolarix and
probably ser elecnses both at that time very imperfectly known.
6 . Masters published tee ef the Linnean
AN xxii. -169- 212, tt. 2-10, with 32 woodcut figures in the
text) some “ Contributions to the History of certain Conifers.” "This
was followed in 1890 by a “ Rev view of some points in the comparative
and in 1895 by* Notes on the Genera of Tazacec. and Conifera”
igure: Linn. Soc., xxx., pp.
E Conifora appeared in em er and Prautl's Die Natiirlichen
Pflaazenfamilien. He. classifies the genera under two or divi-
sions: Pinoidee and Taxoidee. The former he again divides ad
Abietinee and Cupressinee, with several ternary divisions, and t
latter into Podocarpec an aec. ‘The genera are rena with few
exceptions, as they are by Bentham and Hooker; but he retains
Chamecyparis, Thuiopsis and gedoen: x, and iiia Janae in
Tsuga and Prumnopitys in st edosaze
In 1891 L. Beissner published a eh E. der Nadelholzhu
This was preceded by a r Hands uch der Coniferen-Benennung (1887),
followed by two supplements (1891-2) on Einheitliche Coniferen-
Benennung d, Beissner deals critically with the numerous natural and
garden ieties and hybrids. He has also paid much attention to
E dcum. though he accepts familiar names rather than revive
obscure ones on the rule of priority.
In 1892 the Royal Horticultural Society held a * Conifer Conference,”
and the papers read thereat form the fourteenth volume of the Journal
of the Society. "This is one of the most interesting volumes issued by
the Society, containing a great variety of valuable information concerning
Conifere, iucluding a general introduction and a list of the species
cultivated i in Great Britain and Ireland, by Dr. M. T. Masters,
In 1894 H. Baillon lesan des Plantes, xii. pp. 1-45) a
an account of the order, with a synopsis of the genera, which he ~
reduced to 24, — a, Casuarina. He divides the order into sigh
‘series,” na mel Taxées, Cupressées, Junipérées, Athrotaxées,
Nagéides Araucariées, Pinées, and Casuarinées. The inclusion of the
last is inexplicable, and some changes in nomenclature will not meet
with general approval, Belis, Salisb. is revived for Cunninghamia, R
Br. ; Podocarpus, Labill. for Phylloctadus, Rich.; A gathis, Salisb.
for "sett Lamk., and Nageia, Gertn. for Podocarpus,
L'Hérit
en m
the concurrence of Sir Joseph Hooker. Of these Dr. ters has been
so good as to furnish the following brief explanation :—
112
The arrangement of the genera in the following list differs in a few
particulars from that adopted in Bentham and Hooker's Genera Plan-
tarum. The principal difference consists in the maiin of the
Taxacee as a distinct order as originally proposed by Richard and
followed by "Radiieher, Lindley, and many other botanists. This
arrangement permits of a more natural arrangement of the several
taxaceous genera under two tribes, the Salisburinee comprising Ginkgo,
Cephalotaxus, and Torreya, and the Tazxinee including the two suh-
tribes Taxee and Podocarpee. Prumno pitys, Philippi (with which
Stachycarpus, Van Tieghem, is five) is placed by Bentham and
Hooker under Podocarpus, but the combination of morphological and
iiobis characters points to the desirability of maintaining it as a
Wind Linie
the Conifere or Pinacee proper a few changes have been
made front the stout of Bentham and Hooker in accordance with
the fuller knowlege of certain points er structure that is now available.
Tetraclinis is proposed as a distinct genus, represented by the North
African Callitris quadrivalvis, on the ground of its structure and
geographical distribution. Widdringtonia is separated from Callitris
for similar reasons.
The sub-divisions of Cupressus and of Thuya have been bandied
about between the two genera. ‘The genus Cupressus, as here under-
stood, includes the Cypresses proper and the so- called flat Cypresses
(Cha amecyparis), which Bentham and Hooker place under Thuya, and
which others prefer to consider as a separate genus. etinispora, it is
western American Thuiopsis, placed under Thuya by Bentham and
Hooker, is more like a Cupressus, whilst the Sapelices plant, known
under the same e generi? name, is a true Thuya. aT the fusion of
Cupressus and Thuya into one genus would be the most natural
steh a grouping and
the consequent confusion of the nomenclature would be «almost
intolerable.
Pseudolarix of Gordon is shown by the male flowers to constitute a
distinct genus, as was indeed suspected by Bentham.
ceteleeria of Carriére, referred by Bentham to Abies, is also shown
by the fuller knowledge we now have of its structure to constitute a
distinct genus.
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The collections of Conifere at Kew have occupied three different
positions at successive times. According to John Smith’s eee!
. 25 rbore of
about five acres. It lay between the Temple of the Sun and the Bien:
Main Entrance. It was laid out by W. Aiton on the Linnean system.
* Pinus occupied the north and part of the east.”
In the first edition of the Hortus Kewensis (1789) Aiton enumerates
36 species of Conifere as cultivated a t Kew; in the second edition
(1813) 56 species are recorded, which formed "the collection ig the
original Arboretum.” Some of ion still remain. According to Smith
(p. 286), “within a few yards of the entrance gates on Kew Green
ae a specimen of P. Laricio (the Corsican Pine). In 1825 the late
R. A. Salisbury informed me that he brought it from the south of
France in the year 1814; it is now (1880) 85 feet high, and the most
conspicuous tree in the Garden
|. Ginkgo biloba Spent adiantifoli a), first introduced in 1754, ms
according to Smith (p. 267), “ originally trained against a wall like
fruit tree ; upon the wall being taken down, and the branches cut aw sai
113
it is now (1880) a fine tree. When against the wall one of its side
branches early produced male flowers. 1t again did so in 1895, and
probably in previous years.
Cedrus Deodara was, according to Smith (p. 287), introduced “ by
the Hon. Leslie Melville, in the year 1831, who, on visiting the Gardens,
gave me a few seeds which he loose in his pocket, one of which
vegetated, and after several years nursing was lanted in the old
Arboretum. . . . In 1864 it had attained a height of 32 feet.”
The tree became diseased and was taken down in 1888. Near its former
position is one, now nearly as large, raised from seed ripened in England
by Sir T. D. Acland, Bar
included the ground formerly bounded by a wire fence, on which the
House now stands, and to the north, west, and south of it. Smith
without any special arrangement.” Many of these still remain, and have
attained a considerable size; one of the most conspicuous is the fine
ancient grove.
In 1877 Sir Joseph Hooker’s interest in Conifers was one of the main
influences which induced him to undertake an extensive journey in
Western North America. He brought back a rich harvest of specimens,
which were deposited in the Kew Museum.
The Kew Pinetum has been carefully developed on the lines which
Sir Joseph Hooker laid down. These are sufficiently indicated in the
following extract from his Report for 1872 (pp. 4-5).
Pinetum.—This, which is by far the most important and extensive
collection in the grounds, is now all but completed. In my report for
1871 I stated that the genera Abies, Picea, and a few others had been
planted along the new walk on the south side of the lake. These extend
to the Isleworth entrance (340 yards), and thence along the lined out
path (100 yards) that leads to the Sion vista. The collection of Pinus
ounds, where
Cypresses, Retinisporas, Taxodiums, Thujas, and smaller American and
Japanese genera,
The Juniper collection is planted on either side of an avenue lead-
ing through the woods from the Lake to King William’s ‘Temple, and
extends for 200 yards.
he classified and named Pinetum thus extends along nearly 2000
yards of path and avenue, representing double that length, or two and a
quarter miles of made soil, beds, and plantations, except where interrupted
by old trees.
The plants are throughout so arranged that the Old World species
are as far as possible placed opposite to the American species of the
same genera, and there are on the average 3-12 specimens of each
114
species or conspicuous variety, placed in groups.. The number- of
specimens is about 1200, all I believe correctly named, with the zeont
tion of some doubtful ones. Almost every species that can b
in the open air in this country is represented. Very few Mr been
bought, the uctus being plants ode by exchange
spondence I — parts of the world, and through the liberality "of
various eminen erymen.
henever joie the specimens in the old Pinetum have been
transplanted to this, in most cases with apparent success, but of this
there is no assurance till the spring is over. The specimen Pines in the
Botanic Garden have not been removed.
‘It is only necessary to add that at the end of a quarter of a century
the latter case the maintenance of a collection illustrating Conifers as a
whole can only be effected by constantly renewing it with young plants.
As soon as these reach peny size, they appear, under the conditions 10
which they are exposed at Kew, inevitably to. die. t may be
enm to mention a few of the species which flourish on the
ew soil.
Ginkgo biloba ist re Tree) has mel been referred to. This
remarkable tree, a last sentative of one of the most ancient types of
planted. Being deciduous it tolerates the neighbourhood of towns, E
it is does that it t P been more frequently planted in ou
parks. But its growth is
Soladopitye verticillata “Umbrella Fine) is represented by a vigorous
cimen
Tüsodium distichum (Deciduous Cypress) bids fair to form a con-
spieuous feature on the islands in the Lake.
Cedrus atlantica (Atlas Cedar) grows with great rapidity at Kew.
The Deodar (Cedrus Deodara), on the other hand, has greatly dis-
appointed the a formed of: it. .The most shapely and graceful
i stood h
side of the Pagoda Vista, between the Palm House and King William
Tempie, It was unfortunately rcd by lightning on August 10th,
1895. (Kew Bulletin, 1895, p. 235.)
Larix europea (Larch) grows well at Kew. Scattered through the
woods are many fine specimens, the wood of which is of excellent
quality.
Abies braciyphylla, from Japan, grows with great rapidity, and
promises to be one of the most successful additions to the Pinetum from
that country.
Pinus Coulteri is represented by a very fine specimen near the Cactus“
House (No. V.).
Pinus Laricio (Corsican Pine) has already been referred to.
Pinus excelsa (Bhotan Pine) is represented by numerous vigorous
ens.
fra monticola has already been referred to, i:
sched rome n trees in the Botanic Garden some have been already
115
Perhaps one of the most notable was the first specimen of the Chili
ine (Araucaria imbricata), the history of which is given in the Kew
Bulletin for 1893 (pp. 24, 25). It died, and was removed in the autumn
of the preceding year.
Several of the tender Conifers grown in the Temperate House are
fine specimens of some age.
Agathis australis (Kaari Pine) was introduced to Kew in 1838 by
“ Sir William Symonds, then Surveyor-General of the Navy” (Smith,
Records, p. 289).
Agathis robusta, according to Smith (Records, p. 290), was introduced
to Kew in 1852, and grew freely in the Palm House. It was subse-
quently removed into the Temperate House, the conditions of which
seem to suit it even better.
Araucaria Bidwillii (Bunya Bunya) was brought to this country in
1846 by Mr. T. Bidwill, who * was superintendent pro tem. of the
Sydney Botanic Gardens” (Smith, Records, p. 67).
Araucaria Cunninghamit (Moreton Bay Pine) was discovered by
Allan Cunningham in Queensland (probably about 1826), who for-
off about 25 feet of the top. "The stump was trimmed, and a new leader
was speedily produced, which eventually restored th
x |
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4
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South Wales in 1793, by Governor Phillips (first Governor of New
South Wales). The necessity for providing adequate accommodation
for this and other striking plants led to the erection of the Temperate
House, to which they were transferred in 1863. The habit of the
specimen at Kew, which is now more than a century old, is a good deal
altered (and perhaps improved) by the pruning necessary to keep it
within bounds, even in its present position.
DXVL—TROPICAL FODDER GRASSES .—
(continued), i Sik dat
We are indebted to Mr. Francis Watts, F.C.S., F.LC., Government
Analytical Chemist at Antigua in the Leeward Islands, for the follow-
ing notes on certain fodder grasses that have been the subject of recent
investigation by him :—
Andropogon pertusus Willd. Sour grass. This aromatic grass has been
already Fated (Kew Bulletin, 1895, p. 210). It is doubtless one of
the most valuable West Indian fodder grasses, It gives a large yield of
hay in proportion to the weight of the fresh grass.
116
Chloris barbata, Sw. An annual grass, common along root
As stated by Duthie, cattle do not appear to eat it when in
Pani cum pro rostratum, Lam. Cent. per cent. grass. A creeping Ses
coos to be highly vaiued as a fodder. It yields a rich hay,
the fresh grass contains a large amount of water, the yield is vinee
Panicum colonum, L. Rice grass. This annual grass springs up
rapidly after rain, and yields a very rich hay, but like the last, owing to -
the large proportion of waterin the fresh grass, the yield of small.
aero pogon caricosus, L. Hay iem of Antigua. This is described
by Mr. Barber in his “ Notes on Antigua Grasses" in the e Supplement
to the Leeward Islands Gazette, stib 4th, 1894 (Bulletin XXXII.,
p. 166) :—
A grass which has many good points in its favour has largety
established itself i in the uncultivated land in the neighbourhood of Clare
t has completely taken gris of the Gambles pasture
between osse and the town of St. n's.
Specimens sent to Jamaica and P were differently named ; but,
assuming the Ke deléri ion to be correct, it appears to be
Andropogon caricosus.
Ido not at present know of it in any other West Indian Island, and
it is an East Indian species. It would be an interesting puzzle to
determine how it found its way into our ——
| Tt is known locally as a ‘hay grass, and, if cut at the right time,
should prove to be a very valuable fodder plant. The young blades
clothe the ground with a beautiful coat of green, and it might be cut
and stacked at the height of one or two feet verotding to locality. But
the exact moment to cut it for hay is after the pollen n has fallen, and
before the seed has swollen. When the seed swelis it draws for its
nutrition from the stores in —— stalks of leaves, and very little then is
added to the plant from the ground. The seed x € detached, and
then the grass is fit for little bet bedding. ‘One a great a vantage
in deciding the time for cutting, in the fact that pee grass monopolises
the land to the exclusion of other species. It is difficult in mixed fields
to choose the right moment for cutting, becuuse the different species
ripen at different times. Here no such difficulty is met wit
A marked feature in the grass is its variability according m soil, and
its ready response to cultivation. While it may be frequently met ‘with
on the roadside one to two inches in TUN in good rich land it will
form a dense mass four feet high.
There should be no difficulty in cutting it by means of a mowing
machine, and if done at the right time, probably at least two crops may
be obtained in the season.
A great "um eben is noticed if the land is lightly scratched i a
cultivator after cutting have in mind a piece of land on the Clare
a or * winers " scattered amongst the grass.
. The grass is not deed as one of the first class Indian fodders,
pr | because of th use of such viisti as the Bahamas
117
ass. A largo; quantity of fairly good fodder is said, however, to be
obtained from it.
This grass appears to be an introduced species; it is spreading
steadily, and where found is highly valued. Some attempts are being
made to aid the spread of it by the distribution of seed. It is r eadily
eaten by stock, and during the terrible drought of 1894 the heavy
growth of this. grass, which had dried in situ, on the pastures, formed
the chief fodder for the animals at the Government Stock Farm at
the Skerretts in ic over it was freely eaten in this condition’ and
the animals throve upon "Ts
The fo vine cleus: itu and water were yielded by these grasses
when weighed immediately after cutting.
100 parts of fresh grass yielded the following weights of hay :— .
| Percentage | Percentage
of Hay. | of Water.
U
Andropogon pertusus Mere p - a - 60 40
Chloris barbata - isla ha 35 65
j ring tratum (C v per cent. a - - SES 79
Paniéum colonum (Rice grass) ETE wy eee. TTT
KARRE. ee a (Hay grass) - - - 30 70
It is important to remember the very wide differences in: the yig of
hay when fodder is purchased in a green state. . Probably the small.
proportion of water in “Sour grass,” Andropogon pertusus, Med. in
some measure for the esteem in which itis held as a fodder in Barbados
and eric
All t escribed in Duthie’s * Fodder Grasses of
Northern. f India.” Le Sa stat ee are forwarded herewith in. order that.
there may. be no mistake as to the identity of the grasses analysed. The
analyses were made on — of grass cut when in in lower, and de seed
was just forming.
TABLES OF ANALYSES.
Composition of Hay.
Nitro- | Crude | AVU- | True sog
€— Water.| Ash. en. | Pro- |™inoid) Pro. | Fibre.| Free | Fat,
spen, i] pom ro" | Nitro- T , $
Total. | tein. nay tein. Ex
ge tract.
An ndropógon perta- 10-92 | 5°50} -'808| 5°05| °700|. 4°378| 29'75 | ST'71| 2°075
loris Baaba -| 1r02| 10°82| 2:09 | 19:06 | 1°172| 77398 | 95:53 | 32:69 | '884
Panicum prostra- | 11'06| 12:92] 2°87 15*40| 1'424| 8°903 | 24°90 | 34'48| 1'940
—À ) (Cent. per
X colonum | 15:62 | 12°91 | 2*649 | 17°21 | 1'648 | 107303 | 23:09 | 929'54 | 1:025
: P adl. 1214| 907| °738| 479| -472| 2'835 | 34 57 | S861| "890
cosus (
grass).
118
Composition of Fresh Grass. Calculated from above.
: | Albu-
; Nitro- | Crude seri True en,
—- Water.| Ash. | gen. | Pro- Lorem Pro- | Fibre. Free | Fat.
Total. | tein. ^ tein. E
eem traet.
AY de s oooh 46°55 3°30 | °484 3°03 *420 | 2:626 | 17°85 | 22°62 | 1°245
saan ur
Chloris tartan’ - 70°95 3°78 *731 4°57 "410 | 2'564 8:93 | 11'44 *800
Panicum ee 81°67 2°66 *488 3°17 *293 | 1'894 5°12 7°10 *261
on (Cen
Panicum colonum | 84°81 2°32 "476 3°09 “296 | 1°854 4°26 6:31 *184
A we grass).
dropogon cari- | 73°64 2°72 *221 1°43 "141 “850 | 10°37 | 11°58 | °246
ML (Hay :
Francis WATTS.
Government Laboratory,
ntigua, West Indies
7th January 1896.
DXVII.—COTTON IN BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA.
Cotton has ng been cultivated in Central Africa. On the Zambesi
and elsewhere it is now semi.wild.
The following vórrespoidebà e relates to a sample of the Poma sent
to Kew by Her Majesty's Commissioner i in British Central Africa :
Her Maszsty’s COMMISSIONER AND CoNsur-GeNERAL, BRITISH
CENTRAL Arrica, TO ROYAL GARDENS, KE
Zomba, British Central Africa,
Dear THISELTON-DYER, October 19, 1895.
END you by this post in.a small canvas bag a specimen of the
half-wild cotton of this country. It is cultivated by the natives in an
indifferent manner since some 15 years ago, when they ceased weaving
any cloth vines their own cotton, preferring to buy t the European
manufactured
This cotton is Meer to me by a planter in the vicinity vini states that
he believes it to be of very good quality. Conld you have it
a,
BE
price as to w r r our
while to cultivate cotton. It grows half wild i a country, but it
is said that the transport to the coast, which would c a an average
Believe me, uo
igned) H. H. JOHNSTON,
Her Majesty’s Commissioner and Coan aaa
SECRETARY, MANCHESTER CHAMBER OF COMMERCE to ROYAL
GARDENS, Kew. - :
i Chamber of Commerce Manchester,
Dear Sir, Jan 9, 1
— I wave obtained an expert opinion apa the sample of Central
African cotton referred to » your letter of the 6th instant, and have
— in reporting —
119
The fibre is of a woolly character, but it is clean and bright, though
a good deal discoloured by what appear to be insect stains. The le Soe
of the staple is 1} inch to 1,3, inch, varying considerably in strength,
but it is mostly very tender. It could probably be sold here at about.
41d. per lb. at the present time
Faithfully yours,
(Signed) ^ Erwan HELM,
John R. Jackson, Esq.,
Kew Museum, Kew.
DXVIII.—SISAL CULTIVATION IN THE TURKS AND
CAICOS ISLANDS.
The steps taken to establish a fibre industry in these islands wer
described in the Kew Bulletin, 1890, pp. 273-278. The plants ander
mined at Kew
‘cultivation were deter to be identical with those grown in
the Bahamas (Agave iata. A further account of the industry
= in the Kew Bulletin, 1892, pp. 31. 2. In the ME
ract r o the Commissioner, 'Tu
ad
Aseistant-Cotiitiesionet reports that the plants are in sieeatlont health,
and the only difficulty is the want of de mH machines to clear the
leaves as they arrive at maturity. Since this report was written it is
stated that machines have been inept d, and he export of fibre is
likely to be greatly increased ; —
xtract from a letter from the Assistant-Commissioner, Cockburn
Harbour, to Commissioner, Turks fslands, dated 31st December, 1895.
* Of the Sisal industry I cannot say much. At West e it would
seem, if output be the criterion, much is not being done; what is
would appear to be directed to weeding, clearing and systematic culti-
vation, rather than to iaaa of the clean baled products. A limited
number of the Blue Hills or Providence Cays people here get
cupo"
*In my recent visit to the scene of the wreck of the steamship
‘Dorian’ I travelled day after day for a week through these
stretches under inagis ne by the East Caicos Fibre Company, a
In the Colonial Office Reports, No. 174, of 1896, it is stated that :—
* The export of sisal or Bahama hemp "from the Turks and Caico
Islands is gradually on the increase, the m declared for 1895 vain
6202. With the gamara and improved machinery recently put up by
each of the two companies engaged in this business, the output will
probably be v larger."
120
DXIX.— SACRED TREE OF KUM-BUM.
The f: ollowing communication from the Director was published in
Nature for March 5, last
e eighth number of the Bulletin du Muséum d' Histoire Natu-
reminds me of a brief article which I contributed to Náture | in 1883
(vol. xxvii. P 223, 224).
. Blanc begins his account by the remark: * Je veux parler du
fameux arbre qui croit dans un monastére Sd e nord du Thibet,
et qui produit des lettres, des mots, des priéres et autres formules
religieuses, le plus souvent tracées sur son écorce e sur ses feuilles."
Of the actual fact he adds, “ des vo ageurs euro éens, M. Potanine et
M. uera entre autres, ont apporté le ss es de leur observation
direc
bo is ‘evident, then, that the tree still exists a as Huc and Gabet
described it. And M. Blane brought back with him to Europe a branch
and a por tion. of the trunk. e says: *Le phénoméne est véritable:
il existe réellement, et j'ai vu des caractères thibétains trés nettement
tracés sur les branches de l’arbre en question.
M. Blane discusses the cause. He dismisses the probability of pe
being either natural’ markings or the work of insects ac tal
resembling alphabetic characters. He has - doubt that they are
produced artificially, probably with the aid " hea
s E Mr. William Woodville Rockhill's boo ote ‘The Land of the
, Lamas," appeared; in it (pp. 67, 68) he sus the following account a
diet rib et
* Although I did not see the convent treasure-house and the * white
sandal-wood tree’ until later, I will describe them here. In a small
yard enclosed within high walls stand three trees about twenty-five to
thirty feet high, a low wall keeping the soil about their roots. ese
are the famous trees of Kum-Bum, or rather tree, for to the central
one only is great reverence shown, as on its leaves appear outline images
of Tsong-k’apa. The trees are probably, as oie) by Kreitner,*
lilacs (PAiladelphus coronarius) ; the present ones are a second growth,
.the.old stumps being still visible. There were miS dia no leaves
on the tree when I saw it; and on the bark, which in many places e
‘curled up like birch or cherry bark, I could distinguish no impress of
any sort, although Hue. says that images (of Tibetan letters, not images
the god) were visible on it. The lamas sell the leaves, but those.I
bought om so much broken that nothing could be seen on them. I
have it, however, from Mohammedans that on the green leaf these out-
line images are clearly discernible. It is noteworthy that whereas Huc
found letters of the Tibetan alphabet on the leaves of this famous tree,
- *:Kreitner;-* Im Fernen Osten," p. 708. I was told that in spring these
»have large clusters of 'viólet flowers, but if they are lilacs I any astoü astonished that th the
«Chinese do n is well k i -su and
„throughout Northern China (see E noai, * Mongolia,” ii. 79). Tibetans call all
ide TET tsandan (i.e. P wood). Sir ii 6 the Hooker (.Himalayan
e ed sa "hat the "Lepelia s and "Bhoteás ea
The Kum- tsandan : Meere d
1 ty
certainly ave ovr’
121
there are now seen only images of Tsong- k'apa (or = Buddha ?). It
would be poren | to learn the cause of this chan
I was anxious to see what could be ascertain from the leaves
brought back by Mr. Rockhill. An application to my friend b
Sargent, at Harvard, procured me the follwing Kiaka letter
1914 N Street, December 23, 1893.
My x SARGENT,
regards the famous Kum-Bum tr ree, I - not permitted, i
any of ds visits to in. to touch the tree, but I got a lot of leaves fallen
from it, some of w gave to the British Museum (Department. of
Ethnology), | where jeu or Read would, I doubt not, be pleased to
show xem er.
Fro iM the people at Kum-Bum told me, especially in vie
of their reference to the big buuches of violet flowers, I thought the
tree might prove to be a
The turns up on the trunk like that of a birch. Kreitner is
responsible for the identification of this * white sandal-wood ” with the
Philadelohus
cori
The roots cd sad the trees I saw were growing look very old,
how old I cannot say, being ignorant in all such matters, the live stems
are pase not over 15 to 20 feet in height, and 4 to irae: i her
at the root, and some of them look very healthy. It may be that
Hue and Gabet visited this place (in 1842, I believe) the original tratik
was yet alive.
hey say that “three men could. not stretch around the trunk," but
he adds that it was not over 8 feet high. He must refer to an o
trunk, out of which shoots were gowing. f this is not the case, we
eannot have seen the same tree; that is all there is about it.
As to the “odeur exquise et qui a ies a ae de celle de la
cannelle," this must be hearsay, and jolie i pular belief that
the tree is a sandal-wood, or else is a dive simile for the odour of
lilacs
The large red flowers Huc also refers to may be violet ones. Mongol
is not so precise a language, in’ fact certain colours which we would call
violet are pent # called red by A
Hue mentions the curling up of th
On thé ^wholé , I am inclined to think that here as abt do his
book, Huc's reminiscences of facts and hearsay have misled him. He
certainly could not sée the image on the leaves or bark, for even the
Kum-Bum lamas, to whom I mentioned my inability to detect anything
on the leaves they had given me, assured me that faith was necessary—
“as one's faith is so is the clearness of the i image on the leaf.”
I hope the leaves will assist in throwing some light on the question.
Ever sincerely yours,
(Signed) W. W. Rocknirr.
* When Lieutenant Kreitner visited this Lees pite the images on the leaves
were as at the present time, See “ Im Fernen Osten," p. 707. The Arab traveller,
bn Batuta, saw in the fourteenth epi at.De Deh Fa stan, « on the Malabar coast,
ree call
pe
formula “ There is no God but God; and Mohammed is the aves of God.’
inhabitants used it to cure disease (see e Ibn Batutah, Defrémery's Transl., iv. 85).
122
Sir Augustus Franks kindly sent me some of the leaves, accompanied
wih the following memorandum :—
“Leaves from the tsandan karpo (‘white sandal-wood tree’) of
Kümbüm, said to have sprung up on the spot where Toongkape’s mother
threw his hair when, having shaved his head, she consecrated him to
the house
“ Used when ground as medicine—also carried in charm boxes.
“ Collected by W. W. Rockhill at Kümbüm in 1891."
They were carefully examined by Mr. W. B. Hemsley, vi R.S.,
Principal Assistant in the Kew Herbarium, who has long been e gaged
on a critical study of the Chinese Flora. e arrived at the econ kasi
that they belonged to Syringa oe a Chinese species. He published
his determination in Journ. Linn. Soc., (vol. xxx., p. 133), and I am
disposed to regard it as correct. It confirms the statement of Kreitner
(Nature, xxvii. p.
Rockhill’s identification with Philadelphus is a mistake easy of
explanation. He has confused the popular and the scientific use of
the name Syringa. Lilac is botanically Syringa ; Syringa is botanically
Philadelphus
Jt will be seen from the accounts given above that the phenomenon
is not consistent with itself at different times. This confirms the opinion
of M. Blanc that it is an e'aborate frau
W. T. TursELTON-DYER.
P.S.— I have omitted to add that Blane says (l.c. p. 323) :—* L'arbre
rait appartenir à la famille des Phytalaooasées” ou à une famille
analogue."—W. T. T. D.
DXX.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
The Botanical Magazine for March.— The drawings of all the subjects
figured were made from plants that flowered at Kew. Jncarvillea
Pelavayi is a handsome new species from Western China, discovered by
the Abbé Delavay. Kew is indebted to Mr. Max Leichtlin of Baden
Baden for a plant of it. Comanthosphace UE parent is a singular labiate
from c1 Asia. It was raised at Kew eed presen
Prof. C. S. Sargent, Director of the Ar Ma "Aat Harvard.
native of the Orange Free State, and a species of little ornamental value,
was sent to Kew by the Rev. F. O. Miles, of Almonbury, Bristol.
Utricularia janthina is a very fine Brazilian species, imported by Messrs.
Sander and Co. Like some other Lx it grows epiphytically, in th
axils of the leaves of a species of Vriesia
Botanical — e for April—The plants figured nh Posoqueria
iid se AEN ypocyrta pulchra, Olyra concinna, Catasetum Randi,
d Phaleria ambigua ; a'l from plants cultivated at Kew
D. a imei macropus, a native of Brazil, is remarkable fer its long,
"tubular, fragrant flowers. Hypocyrta pulch ra was d Eo.
„Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, who had imported it from New da
‘It is the most brilliant-coloured species of the genus. Olyra andina
123
an elegant Brass, native of Costa Rica, was received at Kew in 1891, in
a box of filmy ferns, sent by Mr. C. ‘Winkler from
7470 ninos a male plant, and one female flower of Catasetum
Randii, which was described in the Bulletin, dew p.391. A living
male plant was communicated to Kew by E. S. R and, Esq. of Para,
from which, when it dlawered 1 in March 1895, the present drawing was
made. 'The female flower was rec ceived from the same gentleman
preserved in alcohol. Phaleria iw be a native of Java, is a climbing
Botanical Magazine for May.— dii rowshia magnifica, a remarkably
showy plant, allied to Campanu e drawing was made from an
exceedingly vigorous specimen ~oleimrannicata by F. Ducane Godman,
sq. F.R.S. “It is a native of Central Asia, where it
elevation of 7000 me Pittosporum eriocarpum, a native of the
Himalaya, is a handsome species, which may prove hardy in the south-
me parts of the British Islands. The specimen figured was received
Coffea stenophylla, aud Masdevallia corniculata, var. inflata were
prepared from plants cultivated at Kew. Cochlioda noezliana, native
ru, was discovered by Mr. John Noezli, who sent it to Messrs.
Linden in 1891. The Kew plant was purchased. Coffea stenophylla
is one of the two indigenous West African species which are becoming
important commercially (Kew Bulletin, 1893, p. 167). It was raised
from seeds sent from Kew in May 1894, by Sir W. H. Quayle Jones,
late Chief Justice of the West African Settlements, and Acting
Governor of Sierra Leone. The Masdevallia, a native of New
Grenada, was received at Kew from the due colleetion at Glasnevin,
under the superintendence of Mr. F. W.
Hooker's Icones Plantarum.— The third part of the current volume,
containing plates 2151 to 2475, illustrates a number of interesting
plants from Borneo, China, Madagascar, Tibet, and other countries.
Among the Bornean bum Creaghiella, an ortiamental new enus of
Melastoniacex, and Baphia borneensis, are specially notewor
latter is an outlying miembe of a remarkable genus of the uminosæ,
otherwise only known from Tropical Africa and Madagascar laty-
allied to Euphrasia. Plates 2467 to 2472 are devoted to novelties
from Mr. Littledale’s Tibetan collection, made at an elevation of about
16,500 feet. They include a new species of the rare and curious genus
Oreosolen (Scrophularineæ), and Littledalea, an elegant new grass, allied
to Glyceria. This is of a eee purple colour, at least when dry.
Ischnochloa and Duthica two new genera of grasses irm ‘Nous
West India. Pentadesma balya; the “ butter tree ” of West Tropical
Africa, is for the first time adequately figured. And Homalopetalum is
enus of orchids, of the tribe Epidendreæ, from the Blue
Mountains of Jamaica, characterised by having all the parts of the
perianth alike in size and shape.
124
Flora Capensis.—The continuation of this work, of which three
volumes were published by Harvey and Sander, has been resumed.
was brought to a standstill by the death of p authors, and the last
volume was published in 1865. Part I. (pp. 1-192) has now been
umet under the authority of the TES Sw of the Cape of Good
Hope and Natal, and the editorship of the Director.
The following statement is an extract from the prefatory note :—
The three pnblished volumes of the Flora Capensis only wmm
the southern portion of South Africa outside the tropics.
continuation it is intended to describe, as far as possible, all Kijow
flowering plants occurring in the area lying between the tropic of
Capricorn and the ocean. To the north it will be supplemented, there
fore, by the Floratof Tropical Africa.
The volume, of which the present part is an instalment, will be of
received as new territories to the north have been explored. Jt has been
entirely elaborated by Mr. John Gilbert Baker, F.R.S., the keeper of
the Herbarium and Library of the Royal Gardens, who has long been
the accepted authority on the Petaloid Monocotyledo
The whole area occupied by the flora has Fag pS oken up into
regions, the physical characters of which will probably be found
tolerably well marked.. These have been adopted in great part from
the important paper, “ Sketch of the Flora of South Africa,” by Harry
Bolus, Esq., F.L.S., printed in the Cape of Good Hope “ Official
ee "'at the Colonia! and Indian Exhibition, 1886 (pp. 286-
317).
They may be belly € as follows :
i Coast Region.—Includes the narrow belt lying between the
south-western ind spi coasts from the opum to the Kei
vers the Zwarte Ber,
mew MOS
ii. Central Region. ache ohly be- roughly dissy ax lyleg Bditidhn
the coast and the Kalahari
iii, Western Region.—Extends oes the tropie to the Oliphants
river, and includes Great and Little Namaqualand.
iv. Kalahari Region.—Includes the Kalahari, Bechuanaland, Griqua-
land West, Transvaal, Orange Free Siate, and Basutola
It therefore comprises Natal, Zululand, Griqualand
East, &c.
The plants of the older collectors, which are often destitute of precise
localities, have been simply referred to under the general head of South
Africa,
125
Botanical — t, Jamaica,—The late Governor of the Colon
took occasion to give emphatic testimony to the value of the work done
by the Department of Publie Gardens and P'otstipns 5
Extract from a PAPER g His Excellency - A Sir H.. W. Norma
G.C.B., G.C.M.G., &c., read before the AUSTRALASIAN DROGo
for the ADVANCEMENT of SCIENCE, at Brisbane, | Queensland,
January, 1895.
A West Inpa Istanp [Jamarca].
I must not omit to mention that there is a botanical department in
the iind. with large gardens and plantations at different elevations,
where muc experimental a on is carried on. It is, no doubt,
greatly owing to the exertions of this department that the fruit trade
has become so a 7 and keii n now seems a prospect of tea being
grown in some quantity. The cultivation of cinchona, which was com-
menced with some spirit several years ago, has not been so successful as
, no doubt, has been in some measure due to the
. It is interesting to note that nearly all the valuable indi and. plants
— whieh now | € in Jamaica have been brought from other parts of
the Mery The sugar-cane, coffee, the logwood, the mango, the nut-
meg, the bamboo, and many others have all been imported, as well as
the guinea-grass, which enables large quantites of good cattle and horses
to be raised and nourished. (Report, p. 481).
Trinidad Vanilla, —A sample of Vanilla grown and cured at. the
Botanic Gardens, ‘Trinidad, was lately received from Mr. J. H. Hart,
F.L.S., the Superintendent. The pods were produced by plants originally
supplied from Kew, of what is known as the “ Sion House Mio M
anilla planifolia, Andr. In the present instance the quality is n
ie as might be desired; but now the right sort is established in rite
island it might be worth while to carry on To Vico dM with the
view of improving the quality of the produce: :
Messrs. BUnGOYNE, BunsripGEs & Co. TO kori isnt You.
12 and 16, Coleman Street,
ndon, E.C.
DEAR Sir, February 12, 1896.
in receipt of your favour of the 8th instant enclosing
a UM of Vanilla beans grown in Trinida
e beans arè somewhat mixed in character, and do not appear to
very well cured ; they are, however, fairly meaty, but their sc is
coarse. "They would be worth nominally from 10s. to 11s.
remain
(Signed) H. Bo,
J. ackson, Esq.,
Museum, Royal Gardens, Kew.
Timber in Newfoundland.—The lumber industry has made extra-
ordinary progress in Newfoundlandin the last five years, The followin
u 93623. Cc
126
particulars are 2 i en Annual Report for 1894 pu to
Parliament in May, 189
It affords me much gratification to again report most favourably upon
this branch of our industries. Its expansion has been most rapid, as
the following comparative statement will show :—
|
Year. M feet. Valued at
1888 30 360
1889 5 50
1890 1,329 21,180
1891 1,431 28,620
1892 2,355 47,100
1893 3,073 45,986
1894 6,357 82,641
The above gives the amount, exported, but in addition to this a very
large quantity is annually used for home consumption.
In this connexion I would observe that the amount of timber which
has been destroyed by forest fires in this Colony is exceedingly large, and
can only be appreciated by those who have travelled much in the
interior. Forest fires are no doubt due occasionally to lightning, but
most of them are traceable to the carelessness of hunters and travellers.
In the partially inhabited regions, fires originate by the settlers burning
brush and logheaps in SE the land. The question has arisen as
to whether anything can be done to prevent this destruction of the
timber of the country. “There is a law upon the Statute Book which
deals with the subject, but no adequa eans have heretofore been
provided for enforcing it. Tt is considered that the appointment of
conservators or forest guardians whose duties, in addition to preventing
the destruction of the timber by fire and otherwise, might be directed to
promoting the growth of existing timber, checking the stumpage upon
ranted areas and preventing encroachments upon ungranted Crown
lands, wil undoubtedly repay the cost that wiil be entailed. These
officers will have the power to arrest or lay information against pie
suspected or known to have wilfully, or by their negligence, set fire t
the woods. As matters now stand, many guilty persons are allow to
“on through the reluctance or fear which disinterested or private
ndividuals may have in regard to informing against
Shirley Poppy.—The origin of this attractive garden annual has been
investigated by Dr. Prain (Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1895, pp- 506, 307).
He says:—
«The form seems to have originated in Indian gardens, and is
ve very recently been introduced to European culture.
century. It is P. Hookeri, Bak., figured in the Bot. Mag. t. 6729.
. Rheas is stated by Dr. Prain to be “an extremely rare
: — in 1 India.”
E Aa Yes
127
ch a elegans.—-The genus Trichopteryx belongs to the
tribe Avénex of grasses, and is a small one, of which all ae one of
the spies are confined to Tropical and South Africa, We are indebted
to a correspondent in British Central Africa for the following inte-
Sait an account of the mode of dispersion of the see may be
ad the instances, the general mechanism of s whieh is rà
by Mr. Pests Darwin in the Trans. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) vol. Oum»
pp. 149-167.
Exrracr from letter from Mr. M J. Cameron to Royal Gardens,
Kew, dated Namasi, January 7, 1896.
In this part of tna there isa grass which any person aoe
through the bush is almost sure to have some experience of. One end
it enters these hairs prevent it from returning the same wa
every movement this seed penetrates until it reaches the flesh, the
result being a constant itch until al is RAS a _ This grass g grows
about sunrise. I examined it and found almost all the ima 2 seed
attached twisting and turning in all directions, and latterly dropping
a a ground where this movement was continued. The cause of this
rement was the rays of the sun "d the grass and the hea
had affected the awns. Since then I e taken more interest in this
Ih se
the awns fall on a box of soil, quite a lot of them, all over the sited,
some time after they would find their way to the side of the box and
penetrate between the side of the box and the soil, the end with the
seed in the ground and the awn standin perpendicular. Had there
been a hole or indent in the soil some would penetrate there. Supposing
a perfectly level a pieco of s ground with no grass on it;
m ts
between the stone and aks soil, the seed end in the intersection.
awn has two joints dividing it into three parts.
Suppose it to be lying flat, its first movement is lifting the seed end
clear of the ground or surface. When there are a lot together the
orm a ball or bunch and roll along. Upon reaching their destination
they stand straight up with the seed in the ground. “When there are a
large quantity they form quite a mat. At the joints there is a screw-
like formation, which either coils or ddnde in its movements,
odomyrtus tomentosa.—Mr. Proudlock, curator of the Government
pecimen r
TES jelly, but was not quite so sharp. The plant is very common on
igher mountains in Southern India, and extends to Ceylon and the
Malay Peninsula, It is cultivated in two forms in the Temperate House
128
at Kew, and forms amattractive mem It has also been grown toca limited
extent in greenhouses in this country for the sake of its large pink
flowers, which are 4 to $ inches across.
he Nilgiris Rhodomyrtus tomentosa isa shrub 4: to 5 feet high:
The» young branches and leaves are clothed with a thick tomentum.
The:lower leaves are generally in threes, while the upper ones and those
of the branches are opposite ; they are 1 to 2} inches long, with. three,
be usefully eee both as an ornam one to Supply fruit. The
uld
Sechium edule.—This cucurbitaceous plant, bémmofly known in the
West Indies as the: Chocho; Christophine or Vegetable Pear, was fully
described in the Kew Bulletin, 1887, for August, p. 6. It was there
Sige that >“ the introduction of: this useful plant to some of our
* possessions ‘in acu East Indies was effected during the last two or
pea Pe years, npc very gratifying accounts have been received
** daft.
The followi ing exteact taken: from: ihe Annual Report. on the
Government Gardens and Parks in Mysore for the year 1894-95,
p. 12, shows that the Chocho has now been taken up by the natives of
In ndia, -by- w whom it is regarded. as one of the most wholesome of
foods :—
f One practical outcome of the Nundydroog nursery is that the
cultivation of * Chocho’ (Sechium edule) has been taken up in several
villages at the foot of the hill. The labourers who are oceasionally
employ ed from these villages will, in all venit iom utilise other garden
produets in the same practical manner. ocho is now quite established
as a popular vegetable in Bangalore and the adjacent villages. T
fruit has also been widely distributed to other towns in the province.
It is largely used in Ha Central Jail, where the fruit is ont E
and considered one-ef the mict w esome foods for priso: It
is not generally kno Mns cai: that the large fleshy root - the | see
* sometimes v élghibg: nearly 20 — ean be cooked and a
yam.”
mai cooked, are regarded as a great deoin
, Brfütum. —For “Shiruba,” last line but one, page 85, read
ROYAL GARDENS, | KEW.
BULLETIN
OF .
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
Nos. 115—116. | JULY aud AUGUST. [1896,
DXXI.—SHEEP-BUSHES AND SALT-BUSHES.
In the warmer and drier parts of the world lands devoted to pastoral
industries are not always clothed with the grassy vegetation familiar in
plants other than grasses, but which are no less valuable. The
experience gained in South Africas and Australia admits of practical
application in other parts of the world, especially w adn as will be seen,
the soil is intolerant of any other kind of vegetaiior
e following information has been put e to meet the
demands of correspondents. As long ago as 369, Kew took steps to
bring the subject under the notice of the colonies. ( See Kew Report,
1882, pp. 21, 22.)
SukEr-Busnrs.
In Museum No. III. of the Royal Gardens, a large c ontain
series of plants belonging to various nat tural orders, fllistrating the
vegetation of the Karroo region of South :
The most important of these as a fodder plant is d virgata,
belonging to the great order of Composite, and a Us
common mu sy (Tanacetum vulgare) and doctae (Artem dia).
Professor MacOwan writing to Mr. J. F. Duthie, Superintendent of
the Coverite Botanical Gardens, eet in 1884, gave the
following account of aa bec sheep-bu
ground, and i e we
larity whieh renders the piit so valuable, for as our farmers eben
the farms with sheep, and do not even keep the stock off ce
for vitiediy in their turn, the cm is as id into Hintiieeéiie sheep
tracks, each of which becomes a swift running waterway in the rainy
season. Thus a badly-managed ficti presents a curious hummocky
appearance, as if the bushes were each perched on a little eminence with
bare soil around. The Pentzia,if only the stock be kept off, corrects
this very soon. The arcuate branches touch the curved hollow of the
U 93999. 1375.—10/96. Wt. 123.
130
track, root there, and collect a vie d of water-borne débris to which
each rain adds, until à new hummock arises right in the centre of the
water-run, Obv iously this rods ends in the Tenovations of the veldt
and turning the water out of channels on to the
“Tf you “have soil of the deep, fer tile, taire ical of our Karroo,
you might grow Pentzia. ut it is not a plant for barren sand.”
[| Report on “the Government Botanical Gardens at Saharanpur and
Mussoorie, 1884, p. 9.]
The Report of the Royal Gardens, Kew, for the year 1873, p. 5,
states that Ff * Sheep-bush of the Cape of Good Hope” was success-
fully introduced to South Australia by seed sent from Kew in 1869.
Dr. Schomburgk, rn’ of the Botanic Garden, Adelaide, remarked :
* [ raised about 20 plants, which have done remarkably well, and prove
that our climate is well supe for their rowth. e leaves
and branches contain an aromatie bitterness which, 1 understand, is
liked very much by sheep, and which gives the mutton a fine peculiar
flavour. The plant is easily propagated from cuttings of which every
one will grow if planted when the first rains begin to to fall.”
In his report for 1883 (p. 5) Mr. Duthie wrote :—
“ The sheep-bush of South Africa has been tried in E E
several years and is highly spoken of as a fodder plant. Seeds
received at the Saharanpur Gar den from Dr. Schomburgk.”
The attempt to establish it on the saline or usar lands in North-
western India, was, however, unsuccessful. After repeated efforts
Mr. Duthie reported in 1887 “it is needless to make further attempts to
cultivate the sheep-bush in this part of India.”
e following later information y ore from the Agricultural
reece Ms Colony, of December 3, 1891 :—
G. Alston, of Van Wyk ks VEEP, È A acl responded to our
TE wat sent a small quantity 7 of the see he Se i
will be sent to Australia. For Cape € A So be pr ferable to
get S layers for planting which Mr, Alston is also prepared to
provi
: This plant, as Prof. MacOwan pointed out some year fei -—
natural layers in the loose gravel of the sheep-tracks wora n the
bushes ; it roots, and collects soil by damming up the LEN ove
turning the water out on the leve
Ir. Alston says at the end of his communication :— Our intelligent
farmers ru. to see the nece sane © of Pus bushes and grass in the
walk.
forbidden Dodd?
SALT-BUSHES.
In many parts of the world the soil is impregnated with alkaline salts,
especially of soda, to a degree which is insupportable to most kinds of
vegetation. Happily, bus fainily of plants, the Goosefoots (Cheno-
ew), is an excepti
.. "They are tolerant o od salts, and many s — lenti dn in
consequence in doc situations in tempe o In the
131
preface to his Mee baa y of Australian Salsolaceous Plants Sir
Ferdinand von Mueller w
“The .* salt-bushes ’ bei Hm in many wide tracts of our island-
continent the prevailing vegetation, and on this depends locally to a
large extent the sustenance of herds and flocks. Moreover, gu kind of
pasture nutriment has Ze ed so Mss wholeso diis hat * salt-
bush” sony has become among Australian ruralists quite famous,
ore particularly s as (saltbushes) will live even pow the
direst velofic droughts.
e adds ;--“ That under such circumstances these si a plants
may finally succumb through continuous depasturing, cannot be sur-
prising ; thus, the necessity is foreed on the proprietors or “holder of
‘runs’ to renew the salt-bush vegetation "e methodieal sowing
Sir Ferdinand Mueller wrote June 2, 1894 :—'* The frosts 36 which
in the dry interior of Australia the best shrubby species of Atriplex are
exposed are not severe. They may, however, survive, perhaps, rather
AES d frosts, and spring from the root again. For testing this we have
ready means in this mostly winterless clime, I should think that the
shrubby Australian species of Atriplex will prove to have a similar con-
E to A. Halimus, which seems to grow naturally not far north
Mediterranean."
"Kustlia possesses about 112 species of rity eied belonging vd -
genera of which eight are peculiar toit. Ofthese hagodia, C;
Atriplex, Enchylena, Kochia, Chenolea, and Stbrolena, furnish
salt-bushes av ailable for pasture. For a detailed account of th em
reference. may be made to Sir Ferdinand Mueller “Iconography ”
(1889-92) already mentioned, to the same writer's * Select Extr bs opical
Plants," ninth edition (1895), and to bad excellent mono The
Forage Plants of Australia " by F. Turner, F.L.S. (1891) published T
the Department of Agriculture, New South Wales, in which Mr. Turn
holds the position of botanist.
Only a few vf the Australian species o. = E wif to prove useful
in other countries wi iscussed in this
Their value is clearly pointed by Mr. Turne we (p. xviii). “Once
the salt-bush plants es they will continue to grow under
the most adverse circumstances of drought and Pt heat. In fact,
very few other kinds of plants so useful for fodd d
exist under such adverse circumstances as do most kinds of the salt-bush
family. ‘There is abundant proof that when sheep are depastured in a
country where plenty of salinous plants are growing among the natural
grasses, fluke and other allied ailments are almost unknown, t has
been also said that horses which are subject to swamp cancer on the
low coast lands, when turned into pasture where `salinous skint are
plentiful, soon lose this disease.”
The present position of ‘salt-bush” plants in Australia is, however,
not satisfactory, E Turner states (zbid.) :—“ These most Med
ra
f seed which germinates readily under ordinary conditions. y
of them also are readily increased by cuttings, so that it would require
no great outlay to enter upon a proper system of conservation or even
cultivatio
And further (p. 66):—“If nothing is done to perpetuate these
valuable pasture plants, Australian wool will depreciate ; for it is solely
A2
132
on account of our superior indigenous ser plants and grasses that
our wools take such a high place i in the market.
all the Australian salt-bushes, y oci ur Lindl.,
ine the one which has attracted most attenti
Turner (p. 57) gives the following account of E wr Re PUR
Lindl, i is a “She which attains a height of from 6 to 10 feet, and is
covered all over with a scaly tomentum. Th re ürtdblo but
leav
are mostly orbicular, rather thick and slighily sinuate-toothed. - The
plant is dicecious, that is the two sexes of the flowers are borne on
separate individuals. It is peculiar to the Maequarie, Castlereagh and
interior of South Australia. At one time it was moderately pens
ut the overstocking of the runs hs had a most serious effect on
plant, and in some m à is nearly exterminated. Cattle, sheep iid
other herbivora are so extremely fond of it, and crop it down so closely,
that it has little chance to recover, much less produce seed in sufficient
quantities for its natural perpetuation. Its drought-enduring qualities
are remarkable, for it stands the hot winds on our arid central sec
throughout the summer months with little check upon its grow
Such a valuable fodder plant is well worthy of extensive Enc
and eulture, and if this be not done within a very few years, it will then
be ene impossible, except under very careful management.
n not too closely fed over, the plant will seed in abundance, and
the "d germinates. readily under ordin conditions. It will also
An analysis of the dry plant ash, which amounts to 31:28 per cent.,
shows the amount of alkali and other salts it contains, and which add
very greatly to its value as a change-food for sheep affected with
parasites
Potash - - 4°91 | The plant itself contains—
Soda - - - 925! Carbohydrates 42°85
Common Salt - 947, Oily matter - - 218
Lime - - or 241 Abonda - - 1645
Magnesia E - 2°12| Woody fibre - > VET
Iron oxide - - 0:20, Ash as carbonates - 3128
Sulph. oxide - - 099 -——
osph. oxide - 100-00
Sili =o - 035
31:28
Punjab the efflorescence is known as Kallar, and in Oudh and other
parts of India the affected lands are called usar, (The usar grass is
Sporobolus arabicus, Boiss.) Large sums of money have been spent
in providing canals for irrigation purposes and in the endeavour to
make usar lands productive. It has been proved that irrigation by
water, when not accompanied by deep drainage, had the
‘effect of increasing the amount of reh deposits in the soil
133
and iu consequence TM tracts have been thrown out of cultivation.
irrigation, by ient eine om pure canal water, has been followed öy
an increase of salts in the superficial soils.
Efforts were mat about the year 1880 to introduce the * salt-bush ”
plants of Australia for experimental cultivation on the wsar lands.
e . he
ending 31st March 1882, p. 9, Mr. J. F. Duthie, F.L.S., wrote * The
Australian salt-bushes and their allies have been only very lately sown
but the progress they have made is so far in their favour. There
are several plants of A. halimoides, gerne. and of two other
species thriving very well" In 1883 “the small —— of salt-
bush plants continued to thrive. ‘The plants were four to six feet
high." It was suggested that as the salt-bush is Pier e a desert
plant it should not be permanently transplanted until after the rainy
seasón is over; *this injunction applies more Lari oe to those
parts of north-west India where the rains continue for any length
of time. As soon as the be had e oa ani time to establish
themselves no amount of rain is likely to re th
xperiments with salt-bush were also euriéd on by the Director of
the Departmen ent of Agriculture and Commerce of the North-western
Provinces and Oudh. "The plants were put out on usar soils, and the
reports upon the early experiments were encouraging. In App ndix
II. to the Report of the Department for the year 1883, Mr. W. J. Wilson
stated that plants of Atriplex nummularia and other species were
de from the Sahurunpur Gardens in July 1882, and again in
July 1883. *' Of these plants," he says, * A. nummularia promises to
be i most valuable as it has an abundant leaf growth and should yield
a large supply of fodder.” In 1 the prawa were thriving. In 1885
Mr. Wilson repo:
transferred to the usar land near Cawnpore and Aligarh. In Appendix
C. to the Report of the Department for the year 1889, p. 9, the
following note is made by the Director of the Botanical Depart-
ment on the result of his inspection of the mgr apy —
“The salt-bush (Atriplex nummularia) promises to be a success
as far as the soil is concerned, the most healthy pi rE being
those which were planted in soil strongly infected with veh salts; but
being essentially a desert species the excessive damp to which ‘it is
exposed in the Doab during the hot rainy months is prejudicial to its
nature. At this season also it is liable to attacks of innumerable cater-
pillars, which devour the leaves and weaken the plants.” This is the
l rmation given by e Department of Agriculture of the
North-western Provinces and
iar brr carried on concurrently with the above at the
Saharunpur Gardens are detailed below
E Sait bos (Atriplex wipes er d —The plantation of this fodder
plant continues to exist in a healthy state. ‘The seeds produced last
these plants germinated very sparingly, but this season nearly every
seed came up, with the result of a stock of 3,500 young plants. These
134
have all been bespoken by the Director of the Botanical Department,
Northern India, for planting out next autumn in the usar reserves,
e whole stock is therefore being evite for that purpose," (Report
for 1888, p. 11.
_“ The sate stock of young plants made mention of in the last
report w takon over by the Director of the Botanical Department,
und were > pikatod under his direction in the «sar reserves of the
Aligarh and Cawnpore distriets. Another large batch is now under
propagation for m: in the same manner during the current season,”
(Report for 1889, p. 1
e last official note on the Salt-bush at Saharunpur is contained
in the fo Doing. extract from the Report of the Garden for the year
ending 31st March 1890 (pp. 11-12) :—
“A few ilius of this fodder were planted out last’ rains to
take the place of some which had died. A considerable number
of plants remain on hand for distribution, but there was n
ctor of. the
diee in case the arh and onc, “ates should
turn out to be reese i encouraging for trying this. plant on a larger
e at some future period.”
The following detailed information respecting à the introduction of the
Australian-salt bushes into Cape Colony and the success which has -
been obtained with them is taken from the Agricultural Journal of
Cape Colony for the 18th May 1893
(ån viplex nummularia, Lindl. ie A. halimoides, Lindl.).—-The
following interesting report by Mr. E. Garwood Alston, of Van Wyk's
Vley Estate, giving an account of his success in ac climatising the plant
and distributing the seed of the Australian salt- bush, which has proved
of such immense value as fodder plant in this colony, i is published for
general information :—
In April 1886, a year or two after my father had commenced the
evolution of an agricultural centre from a dam and a desert stretch of.
Karoo, Professor MacO wan, our kind and poii adviser in botanical
matters, sent us six seeds of Atriplex halimoides, Lindl., one of the
Australian salt-bushes, for trial here. y two came up; one aat
before reaching maturity, and the abe — ts the mother -
all the A. halimoides found in this eo
Later on a second packet of A. reer: n ny and Á. nummularia
Lindl., was sent by Professor MacOwan (they had been obtained fm.
Sir Ferd. v. Mueller, the Government ee of Victoria), but as we
had established the first-named, only 4. nummularia was sown, with
the result that in a year’s time we were in possession of a — large
enough to supply seeds in fair quantities to farmers oa other
ll the seeds were sown from half-an-inch to an inch deop i in | brackish
clay soil, and after the plant once commenced to mature its seed, it pro
pagated ‘itself rapidly enough “a enable us to keep up e supply in
mes of heavy demands every y
_ I should not like to say ams as e fodder Peu the amita species
. are better than our own Atriplex Halimus, but the popular idea locally
“ethos ~ ina come Pe ge is less salt, and more can be eate n by
135
own preference for the stranger is caused by the larger ining
of food produced in a given time, its capability for seeding profusely for
nine months out of the twelve, and the ease with which it can be raised.
At Van Wyk’s Vley the following animals feed on it in preference to
our native Atriplex :— Cattle, horses, donkeys, sheep, goats, pigs, fowls,
and even ants! It is € possible that the reason may lie in s ability
f A. Halimus to absorb more saline matter from the than its
cousins, and if so it is primd facie an argument in favour “of the Cape
plant being sown in preference to the Australian, where there is but
little salt in the soil.
The drawback to the Cape variety is by small number of fertile seeds
it susie ps ean and » py: to find out the defensive habit its cousins
hav uired to kee soil cool d moist for the seedlings by
pp over mom t i. mulching of withered leaves and “sced.
Apparently A. Halimus is more particular in the choice of soil than
those now posa pes, but on this point I should like more IONS
During dr wan e known cattle, horses, and sheep to browse and
thrive upon these coe alien fodder-plants, a most decided Sé nce
being given to them, although the surrounding ground was covered with
other species of salt ‘bushes
n September 1889, I left for Parijs, in the. Orange Free State, and
jock some of the seed w ith me. Each farmer on the route, vid
Town, Kimberley, Boshof, Bultľontein, eT I Vredefort 2
Parijs, received a small quantity to try; parcels were also sent to the
Government Secretaries of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal,
and various editors of newspapers,
The result was gratifying, for in a few months my father wrote to
say that he had received quite a shoal of applications from the various
districts I had passed throug
Up to this time we had Wie supplying seeds by post, ls. per pound
which included cost of collection, bag and postage: at 3s. 6d. per grain
bag a d 23s. 3d. per woolpack (say 150lbs.), and the same price
obtains
The Agri prog lien Department lied witl titi leo
and I believe many farmers drew from that source, while others were
referred to us for larger parcels. The publication of a letter 1 wrote to
the Department in the Agricultural Journal led to an immediate
increase in the demand. I "ait pleased to say that His Honour Presi-
dent Reitz of the Orange Free State interested himself and his Govern-
ment in distributing the seed to such an extent that I had the pleasure
of forwarding four "woolpaeks full to his government between January
1892 aud Januar 1893. On inquiry I am informed by the Govern-
ment red that the seeds grew well, but that the locusts had done
a great deal of damage during the past season (presumably to the young
ants).
. a Geoff, St. Hilaire, Directeur du Jardin Zoologique d ' Acelima-
tati sper also applied for a supply of A. Halimus, which he pro-
Mage. in the southern portion of Algiers, We - t him
apt in order to provide an - of ee Mr. ays ne d
136
taken a fair quantity for trial there, and I hope soon to hear the
result.
Epwarp G. ALSTON,
24th March 1893.
Memoranda.
Number of seeds—The number of seeds to a pound when dry is
about 25,800 gross and 20,000 net (matured).
Time to sow.— Class of soil.—The seed may be sown at any time
EE is ping summer «nd autumn months ; is not over particular
t s of soil, but prefers and grows most luxuriantly on moist
Hick iad paui:
Mode of sowing. (a) In the veld.—To sow the seed broadcast in the
veld is very wasteful and unsatisfactory ; the use of a spade or light hoe
to lift the soil slightly, and inverting a thorny bush over the spot after
E is trouble esra repaid. (b) On old lands.—W hen the object in
view is to make use of old and worthless lands, they should be ploughed
but not [omen The seed sown in small patches (say 50 yards
apart), from half-an-inch to an inch deep, and well protected against
sheep and cattle till the stem of the plant is too hard for them to eat.
A light mulching of straw or similar material prevents too rapid
evaporation, and in clay soils the pinching of the tender stem of the
edling. A fungus, I am told by Professor minces is likely to
on tilled ground is rapid; hence the advice to s mall patches, a
foresight which enables the farmer to look after it Tei and use less
seed and water
Drought and frost.—' The plant stands drought and a minimum tem-
perature of 14° as well as the Cape Atriplex.
Names.—It is an absolute necessity that the Australian salt-bush
should be called by its proper name Atriplex pge to prevent
confusion if other salt-bushes are imported from
an "A tistralian were to apply here for seeds of a Gip alt-bush
(meaning A. Halimus), he might receive “ Aschbosch," ** Inkbosch,"
* Zout Ganna,” and possibly various kinds of * Kauwgoed.”
EDWARD G. ALSTON,
Van Wyk’s Vley
Carnarvon, Maréh 24, 1993.
- Professor MacOwan writes in the > Agricultural Journal of Cape
Colom, y for May 18th, 1893 (p. 180) :
* [t is impossible to close this A note without calling the attention
of Cape agriculturists to the fact that they owe this magnificent addition
to the food resources of their driest districts, ultimately, to the wise
provision and generous care of Sir Ferdinand von Mueller, the Govern-
ment Botanist of Victoria, who sent the seeds over here, and repeatedly
pressed it upon our attention in the most earnest manner. Long since
we owed to him the Eucalyptus gum trees, springing up by thousands
where formerly trees were not. ow we are a second time indebted to
him for a fodder plant, Eas - making its A as fast as did the
fidis die blue-gum. I hope in remembering Mr. ERA as he
Fiehly deserves, we shall never eite Sir Tadaa von Mueller
137
South Africa itself, as will have been seen, is not destitute of native
salt-bushes. One of these, Atriplex Ha Limes, L., reaches the South
Europe, and is cultivated in the Kew Arboret um. It is not unfre-
quently cultivated as a mi plant in this country in the Isle of Wight,
and elsewhere near the s
In the Report of the Cape | lown Botanic Gardens for 1886,
Professor MacOwan w
* Perhaps the most dinis of the sale returns are the seeds of
the salt-bushes, so prized by sheep farmers in Australia. These have
attracted much notice among some of our colonists, and have been
repeatedly asked for both through this icone and direetly from
Government. We have, however, as I have reported to the Com-
*Vaul-Bosje, is, perhaps, the bes Kochia pubescens and
salsoloides ave doubtless as good fodder, but their seeds are not con-
spicuous like those of the ‘ Vaal-Bosje, and wou e cult to
collect. I have recorded an instance of the < Vaal. Bosje* being
multiplied on otherwise useless brak land by the simple process of
scattering the seed on a! occurrence of rain, and driving sheep over
the surface to tread it i
With regard to the Rec merits as fodder piss of the Aantratiatt
salt-bush (Atriplex nummularia) and the Cape salt-bush (Atriplex
Halimus) the following analysis is published in the Agricultural
Journal of Cape Colony : ':—In the last issue (Vol. VI. page 180), Pro-
fessor MacO wan offers some remarks on an analysis of the Australian
salt-bush (Atriplex nummularia). A comparison of the results there
mentioned with those of an analysis of the Cape salt-bush (Atriplex
Halimus) performed by us some time ago may possibly be of interest.
Australian. Cape.
Carbohydrates - - - 42°85 - 63:37
Oily matter - - - 218 -
Albuminoids - - - 16°45 - 4-78
Ta Fibre - ana Bea. - 7°98
á : - > Ol28 E 23°87
It will be observed that according to above results, the carbohydrates
which constitute the fat-forming ma par excellence in plants are
more abundant in the Cape plant. The Australian salt-bush on the
other hand contains a good deal more albuminoid, 7.e., nitrogenous or
strength giving constit uents.
Omas. F. Junrrz, Senior Analyst.
few other Australian salt-bushes belonging to the genus Atriplex
may be briefly described :—
Atriplex halimoides, Lindl, A procumbent or diffuse under-shrub.
Queensland to South Australia and gregarious over the greater part of
the saline desert interior of Australia. Mueller describes it as “one of
the best dwarf Vend for salt-bush pastures.” Raised readily from
seed. Cultivated at
Atriplex oc nt a E. V. Muell. A strong plant with a thick stock
and herbaceo cao nt stems extending to 1 to 2 feet. The whole
lant is more or less hoary or white with a iid tomentum. East
Australia. Mueller states :—Another of the perennial salt-bushes which
render many dry and sterile tracts valuable for sheep pastures, It will
138
bear a great amount of drou ght, and if not too closely fed down
produces seed in abundance,” Seeds of this were distributed from Kew
in May 1895.
Atriplex semibaccata, R. ag tems herbaceous, procumbent or
erre spreading to 1 or 2 feet. Queensland to West Australia.
Mueller says :—-“ Very much liked b sheep, and considered among the
best of saline herbage of the salt-bush country, Mr. Farrer pronounces
this herb to be wonderful for its productiveness and its drought-resisting
power.”
This plant has proved most valuable in some of * the worst aikali
spots " in California, single plants bes ing reached a diameter of 16 feet
in ene season, “ The yield of a crop is about 20 tons of green
material, or oaloujating on a basis of 75 per cent. water, 5 tons of dry
matter per acre, A good season would permit of "m such erops.
A further note ( Report of. A Agrientewral Experiment Stations, 1894-
95, p. 320) states :—“ It seems to be already dnd EM that this
Australian species of di abe. will constitute itself a most important
industrial — A this State, and will render un vast tracts of
land which are at present a blot on the landscape. These tracts
can be covered with salt-bush, and the resulting forage will aid greatly
in maintaining domestic animals," The following chemical investigation
of the fresh plant as grown in California has been made by Mr, M. E.
Jaffa :—
Proximate analysis of the Australian meme CAirrplee-* semi-
baccata) compared with some green fodders
|
— | Salt-bush. | Alfalfa. Flat pea.* | Oat fodder.
Water - - - - 78°03 74°95 63°48 62-90
Organic matter - — - 17:39 23°38 33°34 35°30
Mineral matter (ash) - 4°58 1:67 3:18 2:50
Totals - - 100:00 100°00 100°00 100' 00
The coin further account is taken from a Bulletin issued by the
Agricultura Ex xperimental Station of the University of California
. issued in Ne ovember UP
* Atriplex semibaccaia.—The past year's experience with this plant,
both on the University saad ground at Tulare and on the lands of
scores of those furnished with seed or plants, shows that E plant has
peerless TP for f hann on soils too aes to support any other
useful growth. So strongly are owners of alkali lands i sot a
this fact that keter of acres will be sown this itat nthusiastic
correspondents write that the trial and announcement of the suitability
of this plant are worth more to California than all the money the
University Experiment Stations have cost from their d The
policy of trial and distribution of econom plants. "hs letin No. "ios,
which will be mailed to all applicants, rn Pu of the g rowth
of a plant, hints for its culture, and investigations into its food value.
. Small plants set in alkali spots have attained a thick. matted mii
3 ae is ooo o Lathyrus sylvestris, >
7199
16 feet in diameter in a single season. The crop, calculated on the
basis a weighing the cut from a small area, should reach 20 tons
of n feed, or 5 tons of dry from an acre, and probably two such
readi
and hogs eat the green plant freely. The plant should be tried on
alkali soils everywhere, in order that its climatic and other adaptations
may be definitely determined. Plants may be grown by sowing the
seed in boxes or garden beds, A atis very lightly. and e Pee out
the seedlings several feet apart, when a few inches spots
This is the surest way to get the sit established, although if the seed
on the surface of the alkali soil before a rain, it germinates
readily when the heat is adequate. When the plant once gets a hold
on the soil, it covers the ground very thickly from self-sown seeds,
which are produced in abundance. Seeds are sent at 5 cents per
packet, post paid."
Professor MacOwan writes in the Agricultural Journal of Cape
Colony for April 30th :—‘ It is worthy of note that Australian salt-
iforni
hi
spread fav and wide up country by the etifighitened ud unpaid agency of
Mr. Edward Alston. It will astonish our Californian friends to hear
that the salt: bush was actually petitioned against in a certain brack
district of Cape Colony, and the Gov ernment’ wus M to jen: it along
with burweed for extirpation because it spread so fast."
Atriplex vesicaria, Howard,—A bushy shrub covered with scaly
tomentum. Central and South-eastern Australia, According to
Mueller “ One of the most fattening and most relished of all the dwarf
pastoral salt-bushes of Australia, holding out in the utmost extremes
drought, and not scorched even b sirocco-like blasts. Its vast abun-
here A, vestcart
cu the ground for enormous stretches. With other woody
cies it is also easily multiplied from cuttings, but, as remarked b
Naudia, it produces thousands of fruits in less than three Miete after
sowing, and as stated by Millardet it has become (of late years since
its introduction) the marvel of the Delta of the Rhone, in the South of
France.” (Cultivated at Kew.)
Other Australian salt-bushes are ee of Kochia. In these the
leaves are narrow and fleshy, sometimes half round. "The fruits are
surmounted with the almost Bi im sae calyx with a winged
order. This character easily distinguishes the Kochias from other
salt-bushes. There are two Australian species of Kochia specially
valued for fodder purposes.
ochia eriantha, F. v. Muell. A stout shrub with the branches
covered with a woolly tomentum. Mueller says :—* Proved an excellent
fodder herb for sheep on the hot and dry pastures of Central
Australia, where the temperature in summer reaches 120? F. in the
shade, and in the winter falls 27^ F. (Rev. H. Kempe). Several
other Australian species of Kochia afford excellent pasture fodder.
140
Professor W. A. Dixon found 65 per cent. of digestible substance
in K. pyramidata.”
ochia villosa, Lindley. An under-shrub or shrub, erect, spreading,
or decumbent, found in most of the rece and s aline regions of
i nien e partionter ly inland, also on sand s. According to
e
t
bush’; so ad on account of the downy covering on the branches
and leaves. This rather dwarf shrub resists the extremes of drool
and heat of even the trying Central Australian climate.
aes penetrate into the ground to a depth of 18 feet A
rton). With al! other asture animals dromedaries like this and
some other salt-bushes, particularly for food ; 80 also ostriches. These
plants can be readily multiplied from cuttings
Of Rhagodia parabolica, R. Br, Tivier writes (p. 48) :—* This
shrub is found in the interior of Queensland, New South Wales
and South Australia, and usually in or near moist places, but is nowhere
very plentiful. It is probably one of the best known of all saltbushes
by stockmen, and on account of its mealy-white "agde they have
given it the common name of * Old Mis; Saltbush. At one time this
shrub was a a prominent feature in man e^ in the interior, but of
late years it is gradually becoming more scarce
DXXII.—OSIERS.
The basket-industry appears to pui decayed of late in this country,
though there are some signs of a revival. Osiers are consequently no
e cultivated to the same estent & as formerly. Basket-making ie
of the most ancient of native industries and ets the most
piaitive of appliances. Yet for many commercial purposes they
contents, and their toughness and über enables them to endure a
vast amount of wear and tear.
The following extracts are taken from a papa mte by the Board of
Agriculture i in 1893 on the “ Cultivation of Osi
"here are no official records of the quiin of osiers imported into
this country, but it has been estimated that some thousands of tons are
received vm abroad annually. ae is also said to be a large an
portation of bask ee of b baskets required for
the fruit Industry eh is conside rable, Ut t must increase with the
extension of fruit cultivation. Formerly us fruit was generally packed
in baskets made of red or EPA osiers, but white osier baskets are
almost invariably used now (p. 1
“There can be no doubt that the extent of osier eg a Fen
district is now much less than it was, but at the present m tbere
is some evidence of inereased interest in the subject and paian per
to the business. The industry is apparently becoming more of a
tere £ and basket makers are planting holts in some instances to
supply their own requirements” (p. 3).
The following correspondence relates to a request from the Govern-
ment of Madras for a supply of cuttings of the willows esteemed by
141
basket-makers to the Presidency. It brought to light the curious fact
that very little is accurately known about them, and that information is
not readily procurable.
Inpia OrrickE to RovanL GARDENS, Krew.
India o Whitehall, S.W.,
Sir, 19th mber, 1 893.
I am directed by the Secretary of Sui "for India to forward
c a copy of a letter, and its enclosure, received from the Govern-
Madras regarding cuttings of certain pic of osiers and
allows es eri for planting in that Presidency, and to ask you to be
og o give instructions for the cuttings to be rocas ed, properly
fsked "E forwarded to the Distriet Forest Officer, Nilgiris, Ootaca-
mund, Madras, by any route you may consider most safe and
expeditious
All costs that may be incurred will be paid by this —
am,
The Director, (Signed) x: GoDLEY.
Royal Gardens, Kew.
[ Enclosure. ]
GOVERNMENT OF Mapras to IxpiA OFFICE.
Revenue Department, Fort St. George,
Sir, 7th November, 1893.
I am directed to forward a copy of the proceedings vf the Board
of Revenue, Land Revenue, on the planting of osiers and sallows in the
swamps of the Niigiri District, and to request that the Right Honourable
the Secretary of State be pleased to arrange with the authorities at
the Royal Botanical Chine Kew, for the transmission to the address
of the District Forest Officer, Nilgiris, Ootacamund, of cuttings of the
varieties referred to in the list attached to the collector’s letter. The
size of the euttings, and a description of the manner in which they
should be packed are given in the collector's letter
ave, &c.
(Signed) R. GIBSON,
The Assistant Acting Secretary to Government.
Under Secretary for India,
London.
Royat Garpens, Kew, to IxptA Orrice,
Royal Gardens, Kew
Sm, . 7th Febr uary 1894.
I HAvE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your d of
December 19, asking that cuttings of certain specified varieties of osi
and sallows might be obtained for Wasietniesion to the District Forest
— D Octacamund, Madra
2. Compliance with this request fas not heen easy, as the cultivation
of willows appears to be a decaying industry i in this country, and con-
siderable difficulty has been experienced in finding a person who would
142
supply cuttings of tke particular as desired. These are known by
merely technical names, whic not been identified botanically.
as now, however, been acceptio d, and a box containing 15
kinds of osiers has been this day despatche d to the India Office. Tt
should be forwarded to India with the greatest despatch, and instructions
should be ptor that it should be placed in a cool part of the hold (but
not in a cool chamber), Precautions should also be taken to prevent its
being unduly deluged at the port of arrival.
am, &c.
(Signed) W. T. THISELTON-DYER.
Sir Arthur Godley, K.C.B.,
India Office, Whitehall, S.W.
Royat GARDENS, Kxw
A list of osier cuttings sent in a — case, per India Office, to the
District Forest Officer, Nilgiris, Ootacamund :—
No. on Label. Tak Name of Osier.
1 = - Black Hollander.
2 ~ ʻ ‘Black Maul
3 E - Welsh Osier
4 - - French r
5 - - Glibskins.
76 - - Green Sucklings.
7 š à Jelstiver.
8 : - Mottled Spaniards.
9 - Cane Osier.
10 - “ Cardinal Osier
11 - - Old Black, new y kind.
12 - " Golden Osier = Salix vitellina
13 - - Fine basket Osier — S. forbyana.
14 - a Green boxed = S. rubr
15 Spaniard Rod = 5. triandra.
Numbers i to 8 are used for “hak work in baskets, &c. Numbers 9
to 12 are used for rough work, such as baskets for fruit, potatos, &c.
February 7, 1894.
District Forest Orrickm, Nikes, to ROYAL GARDENS, Kew.
Nilgiri NE s Sear at * Forest Branch,”
Dear Str, 30th, 1894
Tue osier and sallow cuttings sent ix you through the India
om arrived here on the 21st instant in excellent order, and were at
nee planted out. The buds had all burst, ves 2: Me ware well
iod and healthy. I trust they will prove a s
mh
ned) ib R. W. MORGAN.
(Sig
AL T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G., C.LE.,
_ Director, Royal pede, Kew.
143
Besides the paper already referred to, issued by the Board of
Agriculture, which contained valuable statistics due much information
respecting methods of cultivation, &e., a paper “The Cultivation of
Osiers as a Means of Utilising Bogay Land," br W. J. Cochrane, Glen-
side, pons ae Fenee Houses, D tham, w as also published in
1893, in the “ Transactions of the Highland and Agrionlturai Society of
Scotland. ” Jn the latter, botanical n are given, and the statements
in the following extract (p. 132) are definite en dirige
“Tf basket-work is the main use to which t they. are to be ut, perh
the best kind is the common white willow, Salix alba, whic h dest
and attains a large size, yielding tannin and salicin, while, in a ition to
its utility for basket- making, its wood is suitable for wattles, fuel, and
chip. The common willow, Salix viminalis, is à ver ood oster for
general purposes, being suited alike to rough and to delicate work;
while a taller variety, t the long-leaved willow, Salix fini: growing
to a height of 20 feet, is one of the most useful of all willow " Amon; gst
others I would mention S. rubra and S. laurina ; ‘whilst if the
substance salicin, obtained from the bark and nsed for medicinal
purposes, is wanted, the species S. fragilis, or the crackling willow, is
is be recommended as bein ing the richest in this su ibstance, and at t the
same time yielding a fair amount of very gooi timber.’
On the other hand, in the Board of Agriculture pamp technical
names are used, d it would ar from corresponde on the
subject, that these names are limited to certain districts. In order
determine € the different osiers T" these local names,
cuttings of a dozen kinds, were obtained from Mr. R. Brown, Somers-
ham, Hunts, a n actical osier grower; these on now flowered, and
have been been definitely determined.
1. € - E - Salix triandra 9
2. Jelstive - - X * T
5; — Hollander - - 5 M 3
4, * T ” ó
5. Old b tom new kind : ^ S $
6. Green gs n 5 D » 6
7. Black Mauls g - 3 * 9
8. Cardinal willow - - Salix alba, var. 9
9. Golden osier - - Salix viminalis ó
10. Cane ” n ". ” T
11. Welsh - E i» purpurea 5
12. Motiled Spaniards: Salix decipiens 2
(S. decipiens is very nearly allied to "s. fragilis and is placed as a
mere form under that species by many authorities ; others regard it as
a hybrid.)
According to Mr. Brown Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 11, 12, are the best
for basket vai (for the best class of work) while Nos . 5, 8, 9, and 10
are for r ui ced work such as gardening baskets (for potatos, fruit,
&c.).
DXXIIL—WILD i a BRITISH CENTRAL
Sir Henry Johnston, K.C. É i e s Commissioner in British
Central Africa, pu ublished in the British Central Africa Gazette pe
October 15th last, the following account of a ERRA wild coffee
144
Nyasaland. The plant, however, on examination at Kew, proved to
belong to a different tribe of Rubiacez to Coffea. It appeared to bea
plant hitherto unknown and was described by Mr. Hemsley in t s Kew
Bulletin for January last (p. 18) as Cremaspora coffeot he
genus comprises but a few species all confined to Africa and alitis
islands.
The Commissioner's account is subjoined :—
On his recent journey to the Mlanje rik qe Majesty's Com-
missioner made an interesting discovery. In valley of the little
yungwi stream, which flows direct into the Rao poen 10 miles west
of the confluence of the Likubula and the Ruo, and close to the place
F
Commissioner found growing a species of wild coffee apparently
identical with that which is met with in bap interior of Mocambique, on
the Zambesi, and at Inhambane. By a happy chance this wild coffee
was not er in cuve but bee the ripe p^» at the same time. In
growth the raggling, and somewhat resembled the
original vufévatet volf ia in the cei Mission grounds. This
wild eoffee was found growing for several hundred yards along the
banks of the stream. The Commissioner collected a large number of
the berries, some of which were ripe, and these will be planted in the
gardens at Zomba. Specimens were also collected of the leaves, flowers
and fruit for transmission to Kew for SU.
t has generally been stated by t ommissioner himself amongst
s that thereis no wild coffee discuti to Nyasaland, = age esd
up to the present discovery it was believed that no specim
wild coffee had been fonnd by anyone. The Commissioner searched
diligently in almost all the other stream valleys that he crosse he
Mlanje district for other specimens of the wild coffee, but was not able
to find any.
It is just possible that these trees found on the Sg ca siream close
to the Portuguese border might have had their origin in seeds of the
wild Zambezi coffee accidentally conveyed there. At the same time,
seeing that coffee is indigenous to tropical Africa, and is found in almost
all the warm parts of the continent which are not absolute deserts, it is
very extraordinary that a fertile region like ne asaland should almost
alone possess no form of indigenous coffee, The Commissioner there-
fore desires us to publish this discovery for the information of planters
and others who, by careful investigations, may succeed in discovering a
wild indigenous coffee in the British Protectorate. Meantime he has
no objection to the berries ot - wild coffee growing on the Nyungwi
stream (which is on Crown land) being gathered by any persons who
may like to try the experiment of planting this wild coffee,
DXXIV.— SOUTH NYASALAND.
The British Central African Gazette for December 15 last, gives
under the title of Zarafi’s country, the MAS, interesting account of a
recently opened district in South Nyasalan
This may be defined as a triple range ot hills running in a north-
easterly direction from the middle of Lake Chilwa to the edle gulf
of Lake Nyasa. There is first a low range of foothills seer
ou a miles to the north of Lake Chilwa and running nearly paralle
145
with the shore of Lake Malombe ; then a great hog’s-back culminating
in Mangoche Mountain and ius Castellated -— and to the east of the
main range a broken series of more or high mountains (Usui,
Lisamba, Unangu, Lipelele). "Savior to this east are many isolated
mountains in Portuguese territory dotting the Lujenda plain
ntil the recent expedition, no European had ever set foot in Zarafi’s
country proper, that is to say,on Mount Mangoche, which is a long
range about 14 miles in length, including the Castellated Hills, oa four
miles broad: not of course, quite isolated, but connected with other
ranges, north and south, 2 ‘outlying spurs. The culminating Sit of
the level of the sea, or about
4,000 feet above the level. ar Lake tin To the north of n highest
point of Mangoche the mountain slopes rather -abruptly to a
1,200 feet below, which is a flattened ridge sloping with undalstioné into
the Lujenda valley on the one side and more abruptly on the other into
the Malombe plain. In the centre of this flattened ridge, which is a
veritable gate into Central Africa from the east coast, is built Zarafi’s
town. At the northern end of this e pass rise a two Castel-
lated Hills—extraordinary pyramids of tremendous rounded rocks or
boulders, nearly equal in height. to ianooehs Mogtiteis Between
these Castellated Hills a steep pass descends to the north-west duro d a
lovely fertile valley through which a road reall ends over the western range
of foot-hills down to the Upper Shire and ape Nyasa. From the
summit of Mangoche Mot looking down over the pass whereon
Zarati’s town is built, north-west from the teo Castellated Hills, the
iom dias v a mountains bears a fantastic resemblance on a gigantic
sc o the of some colossal extinet two-horned rhinoceros (such as
vom were in nios past), which bore the horns — on the end
of the nose and not vim tienes as do the existing species. "The crest
of Mangoche would be the crest of the animal's skull, the fisttened pass
in which Zarafi’s town is built the curious depressed frontal bones of the
rhinoceros, and the two Castellated Hills the transverse korns on the en
There is probably no place in the Protectorate — on such an
almost impregnable site, and with such commanding views as Zarafi’s.
Although flat and pleasant for walking on the summit of t the pass, the
ascents on the east, west, and north are abrupt and narro into
gorges which a €— resolute men could easily block. On the south is
the erest of Mangoche Mountain, from which the place could be easily
shelled by iropean abtillary, but which would offer no advantage to
savage warriors, as Zarafi’s town would be quite beyond range “from
these heights. Another feature which adds to the impregnability of this
natural fortress is the ample water supply. Not only do four streams
take their rise within a circuit of a mile and a-half of Zarafi's town, but
two of these streams rise from springs actually at the a of the p
the centre of the town, and one of them affords pure cold drink
water, whilst the other is suitable for washing ‘idle hong it, fo,
could be made perfectly drinkable by gene the source from defile-
ment. In the first valley to the east of Zarafi’s town and about 100
feet below is a beautiful rushing stream full of water, even at the very
end of the wil pri The pass has, however, been greatly denuded of
trees—not, hink, because of any action of the wind, but simply by
cn usual enti of the Yaos. Such trees as remain in or near the
n grow well—in fact, one of these trees at the end of the town is a
yer for. miles, and can be easily seen from Fort Johnston, 20 miles
wa town is replanted extensively with shady trees the only
U 93999, n
146
disadvantage at present existing will be removed, viz., its wind-swept
condition, and the glare in bright sunshine caused "by the want of shade.
Both this pass and the surrounding mountains are strewn with boulders
in the most extraordinary manner, and all of them rounded and not
agged. Some of these stones are gigantic monoliths set on end like
MO hanger otkri are mighty recumbent rounded masses of stone.
Between the boulders the soil is very fertile, and where it does not grow
food crops it is covered with short grass or luxuriant herbage and wild
flowers, All the other parts of Mangoche Mountain are clothed with
dense forest, many of the trees being of fine growth. Below this forest
are strips of greensward and below this again the mountain side is strewn
with gigantic boulders as though they had been scattered by some
giant’s hands. Mangoche Mountain—indeed, the whole Mangoche
range—is a regular sponge as regards issuing dreams and fountains ;
and this, too, at the very end of the dry season. ‘The scenery is
beautiful, üfid the views from Zarafi's pass are most comprehensive.
From here the eye ranges over the valley of the Lujenda river, and on a
clear day the narrow slit-like lake of Chiuta can be descried (this lake
really looks like a very long broad river) Turning to the south-
east, one can e ranges of Zomba. and Chikala (round the
ide of Mangoche) the Upper Shir om near Mpimbi to its
entrances into e Nyasa (the broad sweep of water in Lake
alombe is most effectivo—like a great silver crescent set in a biue
plain), and, looking to the north-west, the whole of the south-eastern
shore of Lake Nyasa up to Cape Maclear can be followed. Due west
could be watched, Ona clear day the houses at Fort Johnston can
easily made out together with the gunboats at the south end of the lake
or the river side. As the crow flies it is possible that Fort Johnston is
not more than 18 or 19 miles distant, though by the road it is at least 24,
The altitude of Zarafi's town is about 4,250 feet above the sea or
2,750 feet above the level of the Upper Shire. It is consequently a
very cool place at night time and probably in the winter season would be
distinctly cold. It ought to be healthy, except for the high winds, and
it is certainly swept by all the winds of heaven though down below in
the gorges there are plenty of pum places protected from these
unwelcome breezes. For a European settlement we should think that
the western flanks of Mangoche Mountain migm See MEER t to the
ed as less exposed to the wind. Here there are thousands of
es of virgin soil on the skirts of the fine forest, with an abundant
vitek supply, and at average altitudes of 4,000 feet above the s
If only for scenery this reed of the South Nyasa District COUR
a visit, It is now perfeetly safe to travel to Mangoche, and Captain
Cavendish, who is in command of Zarafi’s town, would be happy to
receive visitors and show them the wonders of the place. To those
fond of picturesque scenery w e would recommend the path which skirts
the western side of Mangoche Moni m scenery, on a much larger
ing on en
147
DXXV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
Mn. CHARLES Berryman, a member of the gardening staff at Kew,
has been appointed Acting-Cur ator of the Botanic Station at Aburi, on
the Gold Coast, during the absence on leave of Mr. C. H. Humphries,
the curator. Mr. Berryman left Liverpool for West Africa on the 13th
June last.
Mr. Joun Henry Horrawp, a member of the gardening cog of the
Royal Gardens, has been appointed, on the recommendation of Kew, by
the Secretary of State for ii io Affairs, Assistant Crater of the
Botanic Station at Duke Town, in the Niger Coast Protectorate. He
left Liverpool for Old Calabar in the middle of June last
Mr. WILLIAM Bernice FRENCH, a member of the gardening staff at
the Royal Gardens, has been appointed assistant at the Municipal
Gardens at Queenstown, South Africa. Mr. French had been a sub-
foreman in the orchid-houses and the E sien for the last three years.
He entered Kew in August, 1891, and had previously served in the
garden of the late Sir George Macleay, at Bletchingley. He left for
South Africa in June last.
Mr. Henry MILLEN, the curator of the Botanic Station at Lago
has arrived at home on leave a absence. He has been in the service of
the Lagos Government since 1890. During his absence the duties at
Ebute Metta will be discharged by Mr. F. G. R. Leigh, eem d curator,
while Mr. T. B. Dawodu will be in ae of the Gardens a
Government House. Messrs. Leigh and Dawodu are bot ias ves of
agos and received horticultural Sinise at the Botanical Gardens,
Jamaica (1890-93) and afterwards at Kew (1893-94). à
It will be a matter of deep regret not merely to the riecintónt of
the colony, which he has served s0 well, but also to the
that Dr. TRIMEN was obliged, owing to serious ill-health, to retire on
July 1 last from the post of Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Peradeniya, in Ceylon. Dr. Trimen, who was at the time recond officer
in the Botanical Department of the British Museum, was appointed on
tle recommendation of Kew to succeed the late Dr. Thwaites in 1879.
His administration of Peradeniya, whether from a practical or a
scientific point of view, has brought it into the front rank of the great
ro.
extract may be quoted from an article by Dr. Treub, the Director of the
Great Botanic Garden of the Dutch iH ecce at Buitenzorg in Java.
This article, originally published in the Revue des Deux Mondes for
January last, has been translated in the Smithsonian Report issued
from Washington
EXTRACT mok “A Tropical omen Garden,” by Dr. Treub, in
pm ai Report for 1890, p
- **'The Royal garden of Pan fis in the island of Ce ylon, was founded
in 1821. itcated near Kandy, at an altitude of nearly 500 metres
[1,600 feet], having a moist and hot climate, occupying more than
60 hectares [150 acres}, and connected as it is with the port of Colombo
a railway, the garden of Peradeniya possesses conditions most
148
favourable in every respect. For muny years it was under the bead
of Thwaites, a man of real merit, but who thought a bota
garden in a tropical country should ve in some manner a reduced co boy
of the virgin forest. This system, more original than meritorious,
excludes any methodical arrangement of plants and necessarily restricts
the number of specimens. Dr. H. Trimen, the successor of Dr. Thwaites,
as soon as he arrived in Ceylon, realised the disadvantages of the plan of
his predecessor. , ‘i'o distribute over an area of 60 h ectares, without any
order, a great number of plants, for the most part not labelled, was to
fatally embarrass the scientific use of the rich Veneta e had má
brought together. So Dr. 'Trimen did not hesitate
arrangement of plants according to the natural system, imd: to label shies
as far as it was possible to do so. With branch establishments upon the
plain and M aim the mountain, the garden of Peradeniya has before it a
brilliant futu
Dr. Trimen has not merely carried out a most efficient pes thorough
E c. any n of his department, but he has signalised his term of office
by the production of three volumes accompanied by an adis of plates of
the long-desired Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon. (For notices of
these volumes, reference may be made to the Kew Bulletin for 1894,
pp. 34 and 227, and 1895, p. 236.) A final volume alone remains to
complete this invaluable work. It is satisfactory to record that Dr.
rimen has been * given by the unanimous vote of the Legislative
Council a special allowance in addition to his pension for the last six
months of the year; in order to complete the scientific work upon which
he is now engaged,”
As one of the founders of the colony of British Central Africa;
as a soe successful pioneer in its agricultural development and as
an acti romoter of the botanical investigations of its flora,
JOHN Bre CHANAN, C.M.G., who died on his way home on March 9th,
deserves a record. He first went to Africa in 1876, in the service of the
Church of Scotland Mission, and soon, without any practical knowledge,
became à planter o coffee, sugar, and tobaceo, and in building up a
large and successful pasini for himself he Abaid the future of the
colony in industrial enterprise. A reference to Sir Henry Johnston’s
report on this subject, reprinted in the Kew Bulletin, 1895, p. 190, will
give some idea of the extent of his operations. Like many busy men,
most of them being represented by several specimens. Sets of this
collection were distributed to eight of the principal herbaria of the
world. Many of the novelties have been published in the Kew
Bulletin, and in Hooker's Icones Plantarum, and many still remain
undeseribed.
Although not one of the pioneers in British Central Africa,
ALEXANDER Carson laboured hard - successfully in developing
t uchanan, contributed
Ms time to time
tin,
149
notably i in 1895, pp. 63-75 and 288-293. A few have also appeared in
Hooker’s Icones Plantarum.
The ollowing partieulars of his career were furnished by his brother,
Mr. Thomas Carson :—
Alexander Carson was born at Stirling, N. B., in the year 1850, and
was educated at the High School there. Fo llowi wing his nataral bent he
served an EPA in one of the Clyde Marine Engineering Works,
and thereafter sailed as engineer on one of the Cunard Com pany's
Meditérflibun v: quim ers. Being of a studious disposition, the rodlice
duties of a ship engineer soon became distasteful to him, and having
resigned his situation he entered Glasgow University with the view of
qualifying himself for better work. Having taken the degree of B.Sc.
in 1885, he was for some time employed in Glasgow engineering offices.
In 1486 he accepted an wi od under the London Missionary
Society for service at Lake Tanganyika. Having fitted up t the engines
of the steamer ** Good News," a nd aving seen this, the first steamer on
the lake, fairly at work, the immediate “object of his = Shiite was
accomplished. His time was now devoted to teaching the natives the
various industries, which his education qualified him to do, wor
iron (in which the country abounds) being foremost. He also took an
active part in educational wor
In 1888 the Arabs of Ujiji menaced the lives of the missionaries on
the lake shore, and access to the coast being cut off both by the
Zanzibar and Nyasa gene all communications with and supplies from
home were stopped for over a year. After five years’ work he enjoyed
the customary twelve othe carious, resuming er work in 1892,
The scene of his work was now at Fwambo, a native village some 50
miles south of Lake Tanganyika, some tlióasands of feet above sea-level.
Under his management much improvement has been made in the
physieal eondition of this village; industry has beet fostered, the
general habits of the people have been improved, and many hundr eds of
the young have E me rudiments of ug while —
able to resume his work for reir yai: - Then came a secon
and a ‘third attack of the same disease, under which he sank from sheer
weakness on February 28 of the present year.
Botanical Magazine for June. —The — figured are: Agave
laxifolia, Habenaria, Sloe, dene mishmensis, Eranthemum
by
= J. Elwes, Esq VoM. in whose gee it foweren in Jub ety
The Phajus Krad is a Md of the Eastern Himalaya, and was
discovered by William Griffith in 1836. The Kew plant was presented
by the Right Hon. the Earl ar Scarbrough, who collected it himself.
Eranthemum reticulatum, a fine ornamental plant, has been long in
cultivation. It is probably a =n e of th porto Islands.
iscia densa, native of Demera was to Kew by Mr.
Government Botanist iod Superintendent of the Botanical
denies of Gecrgetown, British Guian
150
Botanical Magazine for July.—All the drawings were made from
plants in cultivation at Kew. They are: Lourya —€—
Pilocarpus Jaborandi, Aspidistra typica, Akebia lobaia, and Hem
dawsoniana. "The Lour; ya is a curious plant, native of Cochin China,
with the habit of Curculigo and Peliosanthes. The subject of the
figure was obtained from a French nursery in 1892. tlocarpus
Jaborandi, uative of Pernambuco, was received from the Cambridge
Botanic Garden, and flowered at Kew in January of this year. The
d
The Aspidistra is a native of Tonkin. The plant from which tbe
drawing has been made was obtained from the Jardin des Plantes,
Paris, in 1895. Akebia lobata, native of China and Japan, mda in
the greenhouse at Kew in January of the present year. The Hemaria,
a native of Burma, was communicated to Kew from the Royal Bote
Garden, Calcutta.
. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum.— The concluding part of the fifth
volume of the - fourth series appeared in July. It consists of plates
2476 to 2500 of the entire work, and the first nine plates are devoted
to the illustration of West Tropical African species of Amomum, chiefl
collected by Mr. Gustav Mann, between 1859 and 1862. "^ "achymene
cebecia is a handsome species of as essentially Australian genus fr om the
Cel It is most nearly allied to T. saniculefolia, a native of Mount
Kinabalu, North Borneo. Two tu iberous rote species of Plectranthus
are figured. They are natives of Natal, where several other species of
this section grow, and where their (bor are esteemed as food by
the Kaffir inhabitants, ^ Stenolirion (Amaryllidex) ; Garnotiella
(Graminex) ; and Batesanthus (Asclepiadez) are new genera: the
cud and last tropieal Afriean, and the grass from the Philippine
slands.
ora of British India.—A note ^m the Kew Bulletin for 1894
(p. 2 25) records the fact that the elaboration of the diffieult order of
grasses only remained to complete zia enormous e beu by Sir
Joseph Hooker in preparing the Flora of Brit This, the
crown of the edifice, was perhaps of all the rr "ice of achieve.
ment, The publication of a first part of Volume VII., which contains
the whole of the Panicacee, will hd — therefore by all botanists
with as aoa satisfaction as admira
The following extract oe Sir em sh Hooker's brief introduction to
the ate nae vam idea of the difficulties with which he had te -
contend. are probably unique in any part of the ogetabi x
kingdom, at y rate as far as SIS DEN are concerned ;—
vidual species at eras asses range, eal fet ‘the imperfection of the
rien of ‘the earlier and many later authors. i
since Kunth published his “ Agrostographia Synoptica” (Tubingen, >
eS which is an uncritical sweeping up of all previously known —
ith imperfect descriptions and synonyms. ——
(in 1 by a second Maec iy in w osreb few hun
"ies of the first volume are very fully and bed, and .
upon others are
tely descri
c In 1855 " Steudel's “ Synopsis
151
Graminum " appeared. It in no ique advances, and in many ways
retards, the student of the Order. Of more recent works on Graminec
three only are of great mai namely, Msn: s very able monograph of
the Bambusee (Tran Linn, Soc., vol xxvi, 1868); Bentham’s
revision of the genera, eet Plant., vol. iii, (1883), a work of remark-
able completeness and accuracy, considering the chaotic condition in
which the author doo the = as and Hackel’s admirable Dopage
of the Andro menagon in A. de Ca ndolle * Monogr. TERES, X vol. v
It is doubtful if any living botanist could have brought to the task
the extraordinary zodat which Sir Joseph Hooker possesses of dealing
with an immense mass of confused pr complicated detail and of
arriving at clear and definite conclusions from them. To Dr. Stapf, a
member of the Kew staff, the duty was assigned of assisting Sir Joseph
Hooker in the more laborious portion of his task. To the efficient aid
which he rendered Sir Joseph Hooker nd a compliment as charming
as it is deserved.
Distribution of Alpine Plants.— The Linnean Society has published
in its 7'ransactions the elaborate tables showing “The Distribution of
Plants on the south side of the Alps" prepared by the late John
Ball, F.R.S., Under Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1855-7.
The work of preparing them for and passing them ina the press
has been done at Kew. The following extracts from the “ Intro-
duetory Note? contributed by the Director will show te nature of the
task which Mr. Ball set himself. The result cannot fail to be of the
greatest service for the study of the problems presented by the Alpine
Flora, which are amongst the most interesting of those presented by the
vegetation of any part of the earth's surface :—
The late Mr. John Ball F.R.S. as is well known, devoted a
considerable portion of a very varied life to the minate study,
The re
topographical and scientific, of the Eu uropean Alps sults of the
former were embodied in a book, which, in its way, w will, I S
always remain a classic, the well- known “ Alpine Guide." ‘Those of the
latter he never published in a comprehensive form, though he raw from.
time to time for occasional papers upon the records which he had
patiently accumulated for a period of about 30
Mr. Ball died on October 21, 1889, enbat unexpectedly, after a
brief illness. Some time afterw. ards his widow placed in my hands his
botanical papers in the hope that I might be able to extract from them
something of permanent value which would record his long and patient
abours upon the Alpine flora. The task was no easy one, , and I think I
should have shrunk from it without the encouragement of Mr. G.
Coat ee a surviving authority in the country on the subject,
aker, F. RS. ., the Keeper of the Kew Herbarium.
Ai the fen I pen that practically the whole of Mr. Ball’s work on
the flora of the ps is concentrated in the elaborate Table of the
Distribution of Plants on the South Side of the Alps which is now
submitted to the Society.
The precise nature of the task which Mr. Ball set himseif, is described
in a lecture ** On the Origin of the Flora of the European Alps," which
he delivered before the Royal ee Society on June 9, 1879
It will be best given in his own
ore than 20 years ago I be is to aia the plants of the Alps,
so as to show the distribution of each species within the range of the
152
Alps and on the other mountains of Europe. As the southern side of
the main chain has the richest and most varied flora, and was at that time
the less fully known, I divided it into 50 districts, and set myself to
coliect materials from published works, from public and private herbaria,
in fact, the pre
of botanical exploration as yet far from complete, I in this way accumu-
ated a great mass of materials, and the question then arose as to
what conclusions should be drawn from them." (Proc. R. Geogr.
Soc:, 1879, p. 565.
It will be seen £hat what Mr. Ball accomplished, and, so far as it is
possible to judge, in a tolerably exhaustive manner, is to work out the
detailed distribution of the Alpine flora for 50 easily recognisable
— on we. same principle as that adopted with such conspicuous
cess by Mr. H. C. W atson for t the flora of Great Britain in his well-
lait “ Cybele Britannica.”
pec: ine earn that during the last few years of Mr. Ball’s life, partly froin
an eyesight, partly from other causes, he had worked bat little at
table, though he always regarded it as of great importance, I do
hes Est" that this materially diminishes its value. It is obvious that no
work of the kind can ever be absolutely final.
Pictorial Aspect of Kew.—The fine series of views of the Lake in
the Kew Arboretum and its vicinity, the work of M. and Mme. de
uy nière, were referred to in the Kew Bulletin for last year
(p. n a selection from them was placed on exhibition in
the North Gallery. The talented artists have now had 24 of the most
characteristic engraved by Count Ostrorog, and published in a volume
entitled “ The Poetry of on Gardens" of which Her Majesty the
Queen has been pleased to accept the — LOU At their request
the Director furnished the following preface
“Visitors to Kew who admire its stately E its sylvan glades, and
its spacious wig probably in most cases suppose that Nature endowed
it with its charms. But this is far from being the case. Kew through-
out is the erelddon of the art of the gardener upplied continuously for a
century and a half, and never even at the present day ceasing to modify,
n ap ime efine.
eape gardening, as exemplified in such a domain as Kew, is
peculiarly English. It originated, no doubt, partly in an intelligent
appreciation of the possibilities afforded by the climate, which allows
smooth turf to grow in a manner unknown in other countries, rtl
“English gardens pora to the end of the ele toe century were
ordinarily walled enclosures laid out with extreme formality. They
were adjuncts to the dwelling-house, and ahaa its aisi protection
against disorder. ‘The gardener stayed his hands at the limits of his
“ Though in the next century Mena gave way to hedges, the treat-
. ment of the garden still remained for The stately methods of the
great French eee gardeners ies - bodily transported to England
the 'ation. Fs were, it mag. be eee, well suited M
158
impression v its monotony soon wearisome.
“The beginning of the eighteenth century saw a violent reaction
against the formal « style. ‘This was largely due to the influence of Pope
and Addison. Switzer was the first to introduce ‘rural gardening.
The object was to connect the garden with e natural surroundings
without the stiff and costly methods of Le €
* Bridgeman at about the same tim eit even further. In the
Royal Garden at Richmond den incor pofitad with Kew) he * da red to
intr 'oduce cultivated fields, and even morsels of a forest appearance.’
properties or domains, both royal, but with entirely different histories.
They corresponded T to the west and east halves of the present
gardens. The western haif was known as Richmond Gardens a the
Royal Garden at Richmond), The eastern half corresponds in great
part to the grounds of Kew ee and to this 2 pone of Kew Gardens
was originally confined. The two pr ies were separated by Love
Lane, the ancient bridle-road between iiiad. p^ Brentford ferry.
This was shut up and the two properties thrown together in 1802.
* Frederick, Prince of Wales, the father of George ITI., obtained in
1730 a long lease of Kew House. Sir William Chambers, who erected
the Pagoda, the Orangery (now Masdam No. III.), and other buildings,
many of w hieh have not survived, gives a description of the eastern
half, of the gardens in the middle of ‘the last centur y.
* The ew are not very large, nor is their pese by
any means advantageous, as it is low and commands no prospects.
Originally the ground was one continued dead flat, B soil was in
ing ; but prin | r equally skilled iu
cultivating the earth and in the polite arts, overcame all difficulties.
o n.
“The task could not have been easy. But R seems reason
believe that in the main features which still sur t was the work s]
Kent, who has been termed the ‘founder of "Mio cool of landscape
gardening." By the introduetion*of the sunk fence or ha-ha (largely
used at Kew) Meier td walls or fences," ' he brought external scenery
into his Jandseape e
* An even more suicbenked practitioner of the art, ‘ Capability Brown,’
was employed by the Dowager Princess of Wales to remodel the western
half of the gardens. A ze clean sweep was made of the ‘ rural
sarong of er D
recti on Ee w palace, was never dircied out. But Kew probably
is thie Dia Tallow Walk, now D. to um v
throne it was determined to devote it to the purposes of a national
potait ideni
* Sir William Hooker was appointed the first director, and assumed
office on the tet of April 1841. The part then opened to the public was
U 93999, C g
154
only the original Botanic Gardens of about 15 acres. The rund
had lapsed into the condition of a wi qax and was used as a gam
preserve by the late King of Hano
* By elow degrees the ground Kodek sible to the public was increased,
and in 1850 the whole of the ‘pleasure grounds’ were thrown open.
y
features or picturesque effects. The problem which he and his successors
have had to “om was how to treat this so as to convert it into a beautiful
garden after the English plan, and yet utilise it for the scientific
purposes to which it had been devoted.
“ The plan adopted was that which has been customary in the treat-
ment of great domains in this country in more recent times. It combines
something of the e ancient praetice with a free e employment of ees
which pion S e formal treatment which is still needed t
so gardening with architectural effects blends insensibly with
the naiulat which is most appropriate at a distance. Formality has
neither been carried into the landscape with Le Nôtre nor banished
devoted, the ground immediately adjaeit to them was laid out under
the advice of Nesfield in a strictly formal and stately wa To him are
also as the long vistas which stretch away into the pleasuro grounds,
now the Arboretum. The more distant portions have been gradually
andei; the aim being to weave the various collections of trees and
shrubs into a whole which should avoid an artificial, and yet yield an
agreeable effect, while still subserving a definite purpose, It can hardly
be doubted that the result has been successful, and that it is possible to
construct a great botanic garden en shall sacrifice nothing to its
objeet, and yet be neither arid nor ugly.
“ The lake at the southern end of ‘the Royal Gardens, like every other
picturesque feature which they contain, is of entirely artificial origin.
It is difficult perhaps now to realize that the ground it oceupies was
once as flat as the rest, The lake was commenced about 40 years ago
by Sir William utei who had nothing more than an old gravel pit to
work upon. It w s further developed by - teas Hooker, and no
pains have since boa red to improve its scenie beauty.
*[ believe it was by accident € its pietorial merits attracted ox
attention 2 M. and Mme. ière. At any rate
devoted two years to the work of depicting its varying — d a
collection. co their studies is exhibited in a room at the North Gallery.
* A selection from these studies has now been reproduce ed | in the
present volume. I gladly accede to their wish that I should write these
introductory words. T am glad that the charms of Kew should be made
more widely known by their skilful pencils. But I am still more glad
that the man of science and the artist should have been found to be able
to join hands in a common work. It is, I confess, an unexpected result.
But the explanation is not p^ to seek, Nature in all her aspeets and
moods has her own beauty, but that beauty is not always, is indeed
mom sient A direct transcript from nature, as in a photograph,
seldom forms a picture. The artist then requires to select, to suppress,
to find an amotis aniaui. It is for this reason that a purely
artificial landscape such as the Kew lake affords is more suitable to his
purpose than one nass is simply spontaneous, ‘Che result of successful
— N cv term ee t this is far
et
155
from being the actual fact. Some part of the artist’s work is already
done to his hand; the composition is determined; what is coarsely
rampant has been restrained ; what is awkward or needlessly obstructive
has been suppressed. But when the art of the gardener has done his
share Nature still puts her glorifying touch upon the whole,”
Hyos oscyamus ticus.—Rear - Admiral Blomfield, Port House,
Alo xan alg ‘(Decadnbet lst 1895) the following interesting
note
We h have lately lost (he died on December 9th) Dr. Sickenberger, a
very valued old friend of mine and most kind-hearted and modest ; he
was an excellent botanist. He was a victim to overwork in e etia kaa
with analyses of poisoning cases which he had adero for the
Tribunal when he ought to have been having a complete rest in
Europe.
In eonneetion with his work, I BN mention that this summer I
observed a native gathering seeds from a large plant near some houses at
Mex, five miles west of this, which I found to be Hyoscyamus muticus,
The plant was three or four yards in circumference and was in full
flower, with its handsome purple blossoms, as well as in fruit. I remem-
bered having seen it in plenty in et queis near Helouan, south of
Cairo, but never before here, and sent a specimen to Dr. Sickenberger,
who told me in reply that he had e established fowr cases of family
poisoning (nof accident) by the same seeds.
natives call the plant *sakrán," which means “ drunken" with
UE: o its properties, a name which at Mex is given to the
Hi esiti albus, which is common there and used medieinally by the
natives, How this: one plant (the only one known) of 77. muticus came
to existence at Mex no one knows. I will send you a sample
Chamedorea Pringlei—This species was deaeriitod by the laie Dr.
Sereno Watson in the Proceedings of the American Academy, xxvi.
p. 157, from. Ups obtained from the a Caíion, San Luis
pinne, 8 in. long and 1 in. wide, acute at the apex and slightly con-
stricted, especially on the ies side, at the base. ‘The spadix arises from
ie the base of the crown of leaves and attains a length of 18 inches
ameter of two Em and bears severnl distant, brownish, mem-
RUE acute sheaths; at the apex it is somewhat thickened and has a
segs da lateral braneh. The flowers are globose, about one line in
and not immersed in the spadix. ‘The calyx is deeply 3-
m tite, ay rounded lobes conspicuously edged with dark brown, The
petals are rather larger than the sepals, orbicular, concave, and occasion-
ally with a brown spot at the apex. The six short staminodes are
compressed and white. The ovary is globose, three-celled and with a
Pringle, is oblong and 4-5 lines long. ‘The spermoderm is grey, minutely
warted and sparingly reticulated. ‘This species belongs to the section
Chamedoropsis.
156
on oe MN the Kew Bulletin for 1894 (p. 188 and
371), are two rs oim on the ra ok Walnut, which is still
lipecfóctty is nown at Kev Some drift fruits; referred to in the
3
overlooked at the time, have recently come to light again. They
formed part of a collection of stranded seeds and fruits from Palisadoes
Plantation, Jamaica, m made by Dr. D. Morris. The endocarp of these
fruits is exactly like that represented in — Óà onem Pittoresque
et Médicale des Antilles, vii. t. 453), in being exceedingly thick and
in having a pointed apex. Whether it had floated down one of the
rivers of Jamaica itself to be cast ashore inum. or yer its eani in one
of the neighbouring islands, is uncertain; but hitherto Kew has not
succeeded in getting specimens of any vami growing in Jamaica.
e Tapang Tree.—One of the most conspicuous trees in the State
of rnt Borneo, bears a name variously spelled “ tapang,” “tapan,”
and *tappan." Mr. (now Sir Hugh) Low, in his book on Sarawak, tts
Inhabitants and Productions (1848), pp. 45 and 314, gives some
particulars of its extraordinary dimensions and the fact of its elevated
erown being a favourite place with bees for storing their wax. e
result that it is discovered to have been described long ago by the well-
known traveller and botehist; Dr. O. Beccari; but the connection
between the vernacular -5 scientific names had been Wrerlookod.
Beccari, Malesia (1878), p. 169, described it under the name of
Abauria maiae so far as leaves and flowers are concerned, but he had
no fruit. Previously, however (in 1873), a Malacca tree, Ko oompuassia
malaccensis, Maing., had been published i in Hooker’s Icones Plantarum,
t. 116 Suspecting the generic identity of Abauria and Koompassia,
Mr. P. Taubert, of. Berlin, communicated with Dr. Stapf, of Kew, who
was able to verify the fact. Whereupon Taubert published (Berichte
der deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft, x. p. 640, t. 32), the results of
their joint invest itions. He distinguishes three species of Koompassia,
na j acelsa, (Abauria excelsa), K. malaccensis, and K. bec-
cariana ; iE: ‘the copious material at Kew points to the specific
identity of the two last.
All travellers agree in describing the Tapang as a magnifice
from 250 to 300 feet highs having a smooth, straight ghedt Ek.
without a branch up to 100 to 150 feet. Yet th e flowers of this tree
are so minute, about an eighth of an inch in ince as to — iven
rise to the belief among the natives that it bears none. It is a member
of the Cæsalpineæ, having ES leaves about an inch long, sd a thin,
eos almost papery, one-seeded pod, four or five inches in Longini
oompassia malaccensis, an Kum; pas, or Koompass, of Malacca,
also a handsome tree of gigantic size.
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
No. 117-118.] SEPTEMBER and OCTOBER. [1896.
DXXVI.—WHITE TEA OF PERSIA.
(Camellia theifera, Griff.)
In the Consular Report on the trade of Ispahan and Yezd (Foreign
‘Office, Annual Series, 1896, No. 1662) the following particulars are
given of the tea trade in Persia :—
or Calcutta tea for Persian consumption, continues to arrive
iu steady quantities, 2,000,000 pounds representing last year's supply.
White tea from China, or more particularly from Tongking, is consumed
only in Yezd, and, therefore, the supply is limited."
` "Through the courtesy of Mr. Johz R. Preece, Her Majesty's Consul
at Ispahan, Kew received a smail quantity of the “White tea” above-
mentioned for the Museum of Economic Botany. The :ea proved to
be very similar to that described in the Kew Bulletin under the name
of P'u-érh tea (Kew Bulletin, 1889, pp. 118 and 139). The finest of
rved for the Court of Peking. The sample
from Yezd was composed of the undeveloped leaf buds so thiekly coated
now largely cultivated in Burma, Tongking, &c. e same species has
been shown to yield Lao tea (Kew Bulletin, 1892, p. 219), and Leppett
tea (Kew Bulletin, p. 1896, p. 10).
The liquor from the Persian white tea was of a pale straw colour with
ihe delicate flavour of good China tea. It is not unknown but now little
appreciated in the English market, ‘The following particulars respecting
it have been ki
n kindly communieated to Kew by a well-known firm of tea
brokers in the city.
‘U 94047. 1375.—10/96. Wt. 123.
158
Messrs. Gow, WILSON, AND STANTON to ROYAL Garpens, Kew.
13, Rood Lane, London, E.C.,
SIR, 13th August, 1896.
E duly received your kind letter of last Tuesday's date, together
with the sample of tea you had received from Persia, "This class of tea
In London this class of tea is called Flowery Pekoe vei and the
last lot that we remember having seen, which was some two or three years
e ourselves sold to a client in Constantinople, the tós evidently
being destined for the Persian market.
e name by which you say it is known in Persia, * White Tea," ver y
truly describes the article, but the particular Cope which you sent is
not so white or silky as some we have previously se
or home consumption this tea is not worth mu eh | more than Is. per
pore but for export purposes, to the market that you named,
good specimens command as much as ve € per pound,
(Signed) - - dew, WILSON, AND STANTON.
Dr. Morris, C.M.G.,
Assistant Director.
Royal Gardens, Kew.
DXXVII.—DECADES KEWENSES
PLANTARUM NOVARUM iN HERBARIO Hort REGII ConserRVATARUM,
DECADES XXVIII.—XXX.
271. Grewia batangensis, T: right peg arborea, ramis teretibus
foliis ovatis acuminatis glabris membranaceis breviter petiolatis nervis
secundariis 6-7, cymis asillaribas eray r sepalis ligulatis subtus et
supra ad marginem pubescentibus, polais quam sepala multo d
orbiculatis hirsutis basi intus foveolatis, filamentis sepalis zequilon
tenuibus, antheris oblongis, ovario Mena hirsuto, stylo Mondinibus
wquilongo hirsuto, ovulis pluribus
— . Tropical Africa: Batanga, G. L. Bates, 328.
Arbor 15-pedalis. Folia 5-6 poll. oe 21 poll. lata, Sepala
6 lin. tg 1 lin. lata. Petala 1 lin. dia
272. Eleocarpus floridanus, Hemsl, [Tili licd] ; præter flores fere
omnino glaber, ramulis floriferis crassiusculis, foliis longe petiolatis
tenuiter coriaceis ovatis. obtusis basi cuneatis remote crenulatis venis
bifoveolatis, E puberulis, antheris longe apiculatis, ovario glabro
stylo filiformi stamina superante, drupis globosis pisiformibus nitidis.,
a Islands; Florida Island, H. B. Guppy, 231.
159 s
ane js ad 30 ped. alta (fide Guppy). Folia dsa petiolis
4-5 poll. longa, petiolis 13-2 poll. longis. Racemi 7-8 poll. longi.
Pedicelli Lir lin, longi. Drupa sicca 4-5 lin. diametro.
273. Eleocarpus fauroensis, Hemsl. [Tiliacem]; folis breviter
petiolatis tenuiter coriaceis oblongis oblanceolatis vel obovato-lanceolatis
tusis M. ^e basi cuneatis crenulatis utrinque glabris venis
primariis late s numerosis, racemis brevibus, floribus
capa peen (ide Gappy)s globosis epicarpio tenui endocarpio “duris-
simo irregulariter alte suleat
Habitat.—Solomon "e Fauro Island, 77. B. Guppy, 241.
Arbor 70-pedalis ce Guppy). Folia cum petiolo brevi 7-8 poll.
longa, 2-23 poll. lata. Pedicelli digtiar pollicares, Drupa sicca
circiter 9 lin. diametro.
274. Eleocarpus rarotongensis, Hemsl. [Tiliaceæ]; preter flores
glaber, ramulis floriferis crassiusculis, internodiis quam folia multoties
ovato-oblongis obtuse acumi lloso-crenulatis undulatis
pm primariis lateralibus utrinque 7-9 supra ium is in
enis ET petiolis gracillimis basi leviter meis
pes: eulat mis numerosis multifloris in axillis folioru i
solitariis, floribus mediocribus pedicellatis, pedicellis puberulis, sepalis
anguste lanceolatis vix acutis extus pubescentibus intus glabris
carinatis, petalis oblongis sæpe quinquefidis extus pubescentibus
disco cupulari margine puberulo, filamentis brevibus filiformibus
puberulis, meie apiculatis, stylo siamina paulo superante, drupis
parvis ovoideis.
Habitat —Cook Islands: Rarotonga, Rev. W. Wyatt Gill.
Folia absque petiolis 3-6 poll. longa, petiolis 1-2 poll. longis.
Racemi 2-4 poll. lo ca enia fructiferi 4-6 lin. longi. Sepala
et petala irei 2 lin. longa. Drupe 4-6 lin. longæ.
5. Impatiens Batesii, Wright [Geraniacem]; herbact a, debilis,
sands suceulento procumbente, foliis aiternis petiolatis ovato-lane
ae naceis crenulatis inter crerulationes minute denticulatis
raque hirsutis, pedunculo longissimo debili, floribus purpureis
bibis, braeteis parvis ovatis, sepalis lateralibus d uninerviis,
sepalo antieo ore obliquo basi in calear gradatim curvatum roducto,
petalo postico orbieulari, petalis lateralibus longe snguicnlts lobis
lateralibus rotundatis quam anticos deltoideos majori
Prager West Tropical Africa: Cameroons, Bh G. L. Bates,
poo 6 he altus. Folia 2- 94 poll. longa, 1-1} po lata;
petioli an poll. longi. Pedunculus 6 poll. longus; E enn, 3-6
lin. lon Sepalum anticum 6 lin. longum. Petala lateralia 8 lin.
longa.
Somewhat resembling Impatiens palpebrata, Hook. f., in having a
long claw to the lateral petals and also in the shape of their laminæ.
The spur of the anticous sepal is slightly and gradually eurved.
276. Gomphia discolor, Wright [ Ochnacez] ; fruticosa, ramosa, ramis
lævibus teretibus, foliis oblanceolatis acutis coriaceis brevissime petiolatis
A 2
160
supra viridibus subtus aureis nitentibus venulis Nope numerosis-
simis approximatis, paniculis multifloris ad ramorum apices terminalibus
vel subterminalibus, braeteis parvis deltoideis, gets oblongis acutis
seed ee us membranaceis post anthesin accrescentibus, petalis ovatis
apiculatis unguiculatis flavis fugaceis, antheris subsessilibus subulatis
rugosis poris 2 terminalibus dehiscentibus, ovario alte 5-lobato 5-loculari,
ovulis solitariis erectis, stylo antheris paullo longiore, drupis 2—3.
Habitat.—W. Tropical Africa: Batanga, G. L. Bates, 347.
Frutex 2-3 pedalis. Folia - cae longa, 14-2 poll. lata. Flores
6-8 lin. diam. Drupe 2 lin, dia
77. Trichilia alata, N. E E. Brown [Meliaceæ]; foliis alternis petiolatis
trifoliatis vel pinnat im 3-7 foliolatis, foliolis oppor sessilibus ellip-
tico-oblongis cu pers nt atone s oblongo-lanceolatis oblongis vel lanceolatis
obtusis vel retusis basi cuncatis marginibus levite er revolutis coriaceis
minales vel 'subterminales glabras dispositis, pelieellis brevibus
MIN calyce breviter 4-dentoto vel late 4-crenato glabro, petalis
valde imbricatis ellipticis vel wei eL gi ie obtusis extus glabris
dirti minute puberulo-venosis albis, staminum tubo quam petala duplo
breviore extus glabro intus villoso apice negna 8-dentato dentibus
omnibus ad apicem antheriferis, antheris 8 ringis. obtasis glabris, disco
brevissimo staminum tubo ba si adnato 4-cre ovario compresso-
ovoideo in stylum Vet e Soest N glabro 2 Iscan loculis 2-ovulatis,
ructu (immaturo uro?) compresso-globoso 2-spermo, seminibus plano-
convexis tenuiter ifbüniiaosis, cotyledonibus subplanis crassis, radicula
exserta.
Habitat. Tech Umhloti, Wood, 1022; Groenberg, Wood, pube
and near Pinetown 1100 ft., Wood, 3403, 5439. ‘Transyaa nal:-n
Berbertoñ, on she iaat ern slopes of the Saddleback EE 4500 ft,
Galpin, 1296, and at i pee r Moodies, 4400 ft., Galpin, 1083.
Frutex vel arbor usque nd 25 ped. alta. Folia 13-5 poll. longa, 14-3
poll. lata; foliorum petioli 1-11 poll. longi, foliola 1-2 poll. longa, 3-9
lin. lata. Cyme 6-10 lin. diam, Pedunculi 4-14 lin. longi. Pedicelli
1-1 lin. longi. Calyx $-l lin. longus. Petala 1% lin. longa, 1 lin.
lata. — tubus 3—1 lin. Beeb anthera 4 lin. longe. Fructus
3-4 lin, dia
From me presence of albumen in the seed and the exserted radicle of
the Catho this plant would fall under the tribe Meliee according to
the characters given in C. De Candolle’s monograph, but upon examina-
tion, I "find that the characters of albumen and radicle do not hold good
in all cases, as the genera are at present defined, and as in e respects
it agrees with Trichilia, I refer it to that genus. T. alata appears to
be : allied to the West Indian T. havane ensis, Jacq., which it somewhat
resembles in foliaze and has the same "im structure. It also bears a
considerable resemblance to. Cipades boiviniana, Baill., from
Madagascar, but thé stamens of that lines are entirely different.
278. illetia chartacea, Wri ght [Chailletiaceæ] ; fruticosa, ramis
gracilibus foliis brevissime petiolatis ovatis acuminatis giabris (c costis
subtus exceptis), cymi is axillaribus paueifloris, sepalis oblongis primum
extus EEIE tibus s db ovario liberis, petalis spathulatis bifidis, stami-
ibus n—— zequilongis antheris parvis albis, ovario globose pubescente
161
triloculari, ovulis solitariis pendulis, stylo elongato filiformi apice
trifido.
Habitat.—NW est Tropical Africa: Batanga, G. L. Bates, 337.
Frutex 4—5 ped. altus. teka 2-3 poll. longa, 1-14 poll. lata; petioli
T lin. longi. Flores 2 lin. dia
279. Crassula aloides, N. E. Brown [Crassulacem]; caule erec
robusto apice dense folios» basi nudo, foliis aloiformibus confertis me rA
valde recurvatis rectis vel leviter falcatis sessilibns e basi ad apicem
gradatim attenuatis acuminatis glabris subflaccidis minute cartilagineo-
ciliatis utrinque viridibus non glaucis, pedunculo elongato, corymbo
amplo ramulis parce papillato-seaberulis, bracteis sessilibus attenuato-
peuminadix ciliatis € nas — is Vt ect c dense confertis
quinque petalis zquilongis, — hypogvnis diuine: obcordatis ie
carpella sabtriplo brevior ibus
Habitat.—- Transvaal : — Rehmann, €375; hillsides, in
damp places near. Barberton, 2000-4000 ft., Galpin.
.. Caulis plante juvenilis 1-14 poll. erassus. Folia 10-18 poll. longa,
basi 11-21 poll. laía. Sigs get 3-4 ped. altus. Corymbus 18 poll.
diam. Pedicelli 11-13 lin. longi. Calyx X lin. longus, lobis } lin.
longis. Petala 1} lin. longa, 4 lin. lata. Squame } lin. longe
Young plants of this very remarkable species are in cultivation at
Kew, raised from seeds sent by Mr. Galpin. Its general appearance is
very much like that of an Aloe with thin drooping leaves.
280. Luffa Batesii, Wright [Cucurbitacez]; scandens, suffruticosa,
foliis mu ers vel ori cm angulato-dentatis glabris nervis dense
reticulatis prese ad inferam paginam elevatis, san elongatis
cglandulosis, dirphin. Tateralibus '2- idis floribus
calyce. rore rete
inferne inflato «dentibus parvis actis egiandnlosis, petalis liberis
obovatis lsteis nervis primariis seeundariisque fuscis, pirate 5
cis ori insertis, filamentis liberis brevibus compressis, antheris
y
biloeularis contortis, oribus femineis non visis.
Habitat. — West Tropical Africa: Cameroons River, G, Mann, 719;
Efulen, G. L. Bates, 218; Batanga, G. L. Bates, 338; Angola, 70 miles
from Ambriz on the road to Bembe, Monteiro
Caulis 20 pe. longus (ex Mann). Folia 5 poll. longa, 4 poll,
lata, petioli 2 poll. long i. Racemus 8 poll. longus. Calyx 8 lin.
longus, apice 3 lin. diam. Corolla 3 poll. diam.
This is readily distinguished by the long calyx-tube inflated below so
as to resemble an ovary, aud by the stamens all bearing bilocular
anthers.
aeui oc setifera, V. E. Brown [Umbelliferz] ; caule erecto
inis ;mboso- vel panieulato-ramoso olioso, foliis ~ radicalibus
Tias lineari-oblongie vel ellipticis acutis vel obtusis marginibus
longe setoso-dentatis vtrinque glabris, foliis caulinis numerosissimis
sessilibus auriculatis amplexicaulibus imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis vel
ovato-lanceolatis marginibus longe setoso-dentatis utrinque glabris,
162
inflorescentiz ramulis 1-3-capitatis ad medium tribracteatis glabris vel
minute glandulosis, capitulis 13-15-floris 8-10-bracteatis bracteis basi
connatis lanceolatis acutis mucronatis glabris, floribus sessilibus ee
dentibus deltoideis acutis, fructibus plus minusve papilloso-rugos
Halitat.—Transvaal: Hoghe Veldt, Pages re pine 6849;
arber f
swampy ground, Umlomati Valley, 5 alpin,
1990. Natal: hill near Van Réenen's Pus 8000-6000 ft. Wood,
5630.
Herba 12-18 poll. alta. Folia radicalia cum petiolo 1-2 pull. longa,
3-7 lin. lata, caulina 5-9 lin. longa, 2-5 lin. lata. Inflorescentie
ramuli 9-15 lin. longi. Znvolucri bractec 2—34 lin eiae 1-1 lin. late.
scentibus nervisque we floribus paucis in axillis osi
vetustiorum fasciculatim congestis, sepalis liberis oblongo-ovatis
pubescentibus, corolla 5-partita quam sepala paulo longiore lobis ovatis
imbricatis, staminibus corolle tubo adnatis et lobis — oppositis,
ovario 5-lobato, 5-loculari, stylo indiviso, ovulis solitariis
Habitat. —West Tropical Africa: Batanga, G. L. Bates, 325.
Folia 6 poll. longa, 14 poll. lata; petioli 3-6 lin. longi. Flores 3 lin.
diam,
283. Strychnos Gerrardi, E. own [Loganiacee]; inermis
ecirrhosa, ramis teretibus da tiie foliis petiolatis liooctilts
ellipticis vel elongato-obovatis apice obtusis obtuse acuminatis vel
i
obtusissime rotundatis basi cuneato-acutis pergamentaceis glabr
3-nerviis latera 2-3 li pra laminz basin abeuntibus nervis
enisque ue prominentibus, cymarum axillarium subfasciculatarum
3-5-floris, sepalis erbieulatis obtusissimis ciliolatis,
tubo cylindrico extus glabro intus ad faucem pilis albidis densissime
intertextis barbato lobis 4 ovatis subacutis glabris patentibus
Habitat.— Natal: src "rg 5624; in Gardens, Wood, 1777;
without iili Gerrard, 1
Foliorum petioli 1-3 lin. endi lamine 11—4 poll. longz, 3-11 poll.
late. d um rami vel pedunculi 1-2 lin. boni Pedicelli nu lin.
—-longi. Sepala 3-1} lin. !oaga et lata. Corolle tubus 1} lin, longus,
lobi 1-14 lin. longi.
284. Xysmalobium obscurum, N. Æ. wn [Asclepiadem]; caule
— pubescente, foliis cmo pact a acutis basi cuneatis
utrinque glabris venis reticulatis prominentibus marginibus anguste
"fevoluds, umbellis lateralibus senibus 4-6-floris, pedicellis pube-
scentibus, sepalis lauceolatis acuminatis glabris, eorolle lobis ovatis
acutis reflexis glabris, coronz lobis erectis crasso-carnosis subobovoideo-
oblongis obtusis ecarinatis
Habitat.—N yasaland, Puchan
Planta circa 1 ped. alta. Folia 2-2} poll. kon nga, 5-7 lin, lata.
Pedicelli 2-4 lin. longi. Sepala lj MES longa, Corolle lobi 2 lin,
bs l lin. lati. Corone loli $ lin. longi.
| 985. Ipomea (Str hipomea) hirsuticaulis, Wright [Convolvu-
lacem]; am ol eke striato hirsuto, foliis cordatis acuminatis
163
utrinque. war longe petiolatis, floribus corymboso-cymosis, sepalis late
ovatis breviter mucronatis, corolla quam. sepala 4-5 plo longiore,
ants ia audiet c
Habitat.—W est Tropical Africa: Batanga, G. L. Bates, 341.
Folia $ poll. longa, 2-2} poll. lata ; petioli 2 poll. longi. Pedunculus
3-4 poll. longus ; DOR i4 lin. longi. Sepala 4 lin. longa, 3 lin. lata,
Corolla mn onga.
Resem ig (ei nuda, Baker, from which it ahi in Ps hirsute
stem and "brendly ovate sepals which terminate in a short in
5. Lyperia punicea, N. E. met ae kde tei caulibus
,
iiec mis e Thizomate lignoso pere annuis basi szepe decumbentibus
foliosis dense glanduloso-pilosis, foliis petiolatis inferioribus oppositis
superioribus alternis ovatis apice obtuse rotu is neatis
lobato lobis oblongo-spathulatis apice concavis vel plus minusve compli-
eatis et recurvis subobtusis netaa glanduloso-pilosis, corolla purpureo-
-coccinea inæqualiter bilabiata tubo brevi extus glanduloso-pubescente
labio superiore minore bi lobato lobis rotundatis abio inferiore ' trilobato
enorme
glabris, staminibus inelusis filamentis | , glabris. stylo incluso apice
Sub davato stigmate subtompresso truncato
Habitat. —Natal: slopes of the Driireeibéto: Evans, 392; Weenen
County, South Downs, at 5000 feet, Wood, 4422 ; : Maritzburg County,
at 3800 feet, Wood, 3572; Faku’s Territory, Sutherland. E
Griqualand : Vaal Bank, Wood, 4214; Haygarth ; near Kokstad, at 5000
feet, Tyson, 1645 ; sides of the mountains at 6000 feet, Tyson, 1363.
Caules 4-12 poll. longi. Foliorum petioli 1-4 lin. bop, laminæ
3-9 lin. longæ, 3-7 m Sour Pedicelli 34-9 lio. longi. Calycis lobi
- T ep AT 3 lin Corolle tubus Bern € longus, limbus eirca 6
iam. lobi Sea tin. longis, 21-21 lin
A well-marked species allied to Chenostoma ities Marloth —
Engler, which on examination I find to be a Lyperia
N.E. Br), having affinity with Z. canariensis, Webb. The flowers
stated by Mr. Evans fo be “deep scarlet,” by Mr. Wood “red” ss
sí dull crimson,” aud by Mr. Tyson as “ intense rosei,”
287. Diclis tenella, Hemsl. [Scrophulariacem]; molliter hirsuta,-
ram sissima, ramis gracillimis debilibus repentibus radicantibus, foliis
tenuissimis orien longe graciliterque petiolatis rotundato-ovatis
grosse serrato-dentatis basi rotündati tis vel subcuneatis, pedunculis axil-
laribus solitariis catillstiUts folia superantibus, floribus parvis, calycis
segmentis inzequalibus ovato-oblongis, corolle labio superiore æqualiter
obato lobis rotundatis, labio inferiore longiore inaqualiter trilobato
lobis lateralibus obliquis intermedio angustiore recto, caleari elongato
curvato, capsula late bilobata lobis rotundatis.
Habitat.-—British Central Africa: Mount Chiradzulu, 4. Whyte.
. Rami 6-12 poll. longi; Tse lamine 6--12 lin. € petiolis
3-12 lin. longis sed sepe circiter 6 lin. longis. Pedunculi 1-2 poll.
longi, Calycis segmenta lin. longa. Cor olla cum e at 3-41
lin. longa, parte ealearata itd lin. longa, limbo circiter 2 lin, diametro.
Capsula circiter 1} lin. lata,
164
288. Dianthera celebica, /?o/fe. ote, Ld eo rin
foliis petiolatis ovatis subobtusis obscure crenulatis membranaceis supra
idib
subacutis minutissime aset corolla tubo brevi fauce ampliato lobis
‘Aikondne obloha staminibus 2 inclusis, antherz der disjunctis
distantibus muticis, iie clay. atis glabris tetrasperm
Habitat.—South Celebes: Bonthain Peak, at n E. A. um
Everett, 99.
Folia ie poll. longa B-42 lin. lata; petioli 2-6 lin. longi. Panicule
2-3 poll. longer. Bractee 3 lin. longs. Calyx 2 lin. longus. Corolla.
5 lin. bie Capsule 5 lin. longs.
Nearly allied to the Himalayan D. collina, C. D. Clarke, - it
much resembles in general character, except that the corolla is only
half as long as in that, and proportionately broadei
289. Sal » Wright [Labi inte] ; herbacea, rhizom
$ via yunnanens
repente tuberis fusifor rumes gerente, foliis sepius radic alibus loniae
tenuiterque petiolatis oblongis crenatis supra viridibus subtus purpure eis,
inflorescentia simplice verticillis 4—6-floris, calyce glanduloso bilabiate-
abio postico obscure bifido labio antico dentibus 3 acutis, corolla extus
pubescente bilabiata labio superiore falcato labio inferiore patente trilo-
bato lobo terminali integro rotundato quam laterales duplo majore,
stiltninibas stylisque generis
abitat.— China: Yunnan, Mongise, mountain slopes at 5000-6500:
ft, W. Hancock, 61.
Herba l ped. alta. Folia 14-3 poll. longa, 3-1 poll lata; petiolus
4 poll. longus. Calyx 4-5 lin. longus. Corolla 1 poll. longa.
Allied to S. hians, Royle, which however has sagittate leaves. The
leaves of this species resemble pent of S. scapiformis, Hance, but the
cobalt-blue flowers are very differen
secundos see de pa ae is a bus, bracteis sac iul s quam
calyx um longioribus, calycis pilosi lobis rotundatis, corolla magna
«xrulea extus pubescente per tubi curvationem erecta, nuculis non
visis.
Habitat.—China : Yunnan, Meugtsis open grassy glens at 5500 ft.
W. Hancock 2; Szechuen, near Tachienlu, A, E. Pratt, 580 and 703.
- Planta | ped. alt. tà 1- a poll. loop; 6 lin. lata, Calyx 1-2
lin. longus. Corolla 1 poll. lon;
Flowers like those of S. ibid Fisch., from which this differs.
in -D oblong, not linear-lanceola:e leaves.
1:291. Freycinetia marantifolia. Hems/. [Pandanacea]; species in-
signis, nana, erecta, foliis brevissime vaginantibus subcoriaceis obovato-
-oblongis abrupte pir minatis deorsum leviter —Ó d
.40-nerviis aculeis minutis paucissimis in marginibus
'tim in cuspide i
instructs bracteis irflorescentiz delapsis, patiens
165
femineis ternis distincte pedunculatis oblongis, deem crassis poris
floribus confertissimis infra inter se sata i — is placenti
ó multispermis, seminibus fusiformibus curv
Habitat.— Solomon Islands: Fauro Island, H. B. Guppy, 324.
Planta "erret ^i Guppy). Folia 5-7 poll. longa, supra
medium 2 24 po igi empide 8—4 lin. longo. E semana
9-12 lin. eaa Sen P bdicak maturas gerens circiter pollicaris
292. Freycinetia humilis, Hemsl. TTE ana, foliis
€ atis rigidis coriaceis creberrime rervosis basi vb dilatatis ut.
crassis glabris, floribus femineis inter se fere li ers stigmatibus.
confluentibus, staminodiis filiformibus ovario equantibus
Habitat.—Solomon Islands: Fauro Island at 1600 ft, H. B. Guppy,
323
Fo lium unicum visum sesquipedale. Pedunculi inciter bipollieares.
_ Spadicium femineorum pars flores gerens 14-1} poll. longa.
293. Freytinetia rigidifolia, Hemsl. [Pandanacex]; gracilis, scans
dens (fide "Hasiland) glabra, foliis confertis brevibus angustis rigidi-
rectis ascendentibus vix acutis siccis arcte revolutis multistriatis apicem:
versus dorso in costa marginibusque aculeis minutis instructis basin
versus aculeis majoribus armatis basi late vagirantibus, vaginis latis
auriculatis aculeis rectis crebris vix rigidis margiuantibus, spadicibus
i minalibus terni i
erassis lanceolatis rubris apicem versus aculeolatis exterioribus in
apicem foliiformem desinentibus eroumndntits floribus maxime juveni
libus tantum visis, stigmatibus bin
Habitat.--Borneo : Sarawak, ERP rocks at 2000 ft. G. Ð.
Haviland, -—
nte a folis omnino vaginantibus ime circiter pedalia, parte
vaginante bipoltica ri, 4—5 lin. lata, aculeis maximis lineam vix exceden-
tibus. Bractee 3-7 pol oll. long, infra medium 8-12 lin. late. | Spadices
circiter sesquipollicares
294. Fre cinetia philippinensis, Hemsl. [Pandanaceæ] ; ; robusta,
pecunculis exceptis glabra, folrs bontertiaimis A esata vaginantibus
tenuibus tenacissimis latis fere oblon ngis- acu natis deorsum leviter
ib
utrinque 23-25, bracteis latissimis coloratis exterioribus longioribus:
superne fo liačėis lus minusve aculeolatis, spadicibus femineis 4-5
agzregatis oblongis distincte pedunculatis, peduneulis crassis furfuraceis,
ribu s femineis cohfertissintis inter ce liberis vel basi tantum pb —
ed. 3. Nov. App. p. 286, t. 437, son Misc
Habitat.-—Philippine Islands : E. locality, Cuming, 1898.
Folia 12-15 poll. longa, 2-21 | lata, aculeis 1-1 lin. longis
Bractee 11-2 poll. late. “Pedu Wm ^n poll. longi. Moodice
florifera circiter 14 poli. longa en pars
166
The figure cited above does not agree exactly with Cuming's plant,
` the leaves being armed throughout their whole length; but it most
probably De ate ae species, which certainly is not even closely
allied to F. luzonen
. Freycinetia Vidalii, Hemsl. [Pandanacex]; species F. angusti-
Jio et P. pycnophylle similis, caulibus scandentibus dense foliatis,
foliis breviter vaginantibus, vaginis auriculatis, tenuibus simu
coriaceis lentisque fl is angustis fere linearibus sursum valde
attenuatis subtus pallidioribus per totam longitudinem in mar inibus
iu
€xceptis erustaceis eburneis, staminodiis brevibus filiformib
Habitat = Islands: Bayombong, Nueva Vises Luzon,
Vidal, 3
. Folia jap maximis 21-3 lin, latis. Bractee worn
2-23 poll. longs; exteriores longiores. Pedunculi 1— —1i poll. longi,
'padicis pars florifera 4-6 lin. longa.
296. Freycinetia formosana, Hemsl. Vire $ robustissima,
orce affinis, foliis confertissimis superioribus subdistichis
lineari-lanceolatis elongatis e basi lata surs pndai attenuatis vix
secus costam s
teriocibuà foiiis fere squantibus, spadieibus femineis maxi
asciculatim aggregatis valide pedunculatis, floribus femineis inter se
fere liberis, staminodiis obsoletis, stigmatibus 3-9 sepius circiter 6
Habitat.—Formosa : without locality, — 630 ; Kolaig
Ford, 45.
Folia 2-3 ped. longa, ben 1-1} poll. lata sursum valde attenuata.
Bractee basi usque ad 2} poll. lata. A Sti feminei cum seo is
brevibus 4—6 poll. longi, sicci r -9 lin. diametro
This is very similar to F, arborea, Gaud. in general appearance, but
the leaves are not aculeate throughout their whole length, and the
female spadices are always more than one or two 0,
297. Freycinetia Beccarii, Hemsl. [Pandanacex] ; es F. m
antifolie similis sed evidenter scandens caulibus Dorata foliis "at
videtur in apicibus innovationum confertis amplexicaulib ec vagin-
'oria a
cuspidato-acuminatis deo Bon gere in et sla versus
‘multinerviis (utrinque eliiter 23-25), bracteis parvis foliei spa-
rset femincis ternis parvis valide pedunculatis ovoideis vel ue
us femineis parvis staminodiis minutis, stigmatibus 2-3
pedum —Borneo: Sarawak, Beecari, 3598.
Folia 3-9 poll. longa, 1-3 poll. lata. Bractee semipollicares. Pedun-
-euli pollicares, Spadici um femineorum pars florifera circiter 6 lin,
167
298. Fre eycinetia Creaghii, Hemsl. [Pandanacew]; foliis brevibus
tenuiter coriaceis laxe vaginantibus linearibus acutis basin et apicem
versus minute aculeolatis multinerviis deors sum gradatim minoribus
infimis i innovationum | edunculata,
bracteis brevibus latis vix acutis crassis coloratis ornatis, spadieibus
masculinis ternis minimis breviter pon oa parte florifera cylindrica,
staminibus numerosis filamentis fere liberi
Habitat.—British North Borneo, Govan Creagh.
Folia superiora circiter 6 poll. longa, inferiora ad vaginam reducta
Pedunculi communi 1-14 poll. longi. Spadietum pedunculi circiter
semipollicares, pars florifera 3—4 lin. longa.
299. Freycinetia caudata, Hemsl. [Pandanacex]; scandens, epi-
phytica (fide Horne) caulibus graciliusculis internodiis distinctis,
audato-
acuminatis basin versus subito angustatis complicatis semiamplexicau-
libus nec vaginantibus apicem versus presertim in acumine aculeis
minutis instructis cum costa circiter hare? bracteis coloratis
herbaceis lanceolatis lem ma spadiees superantibus,
spadicibus femineis ternis parvis distinete pedunculatis cylindricis,
‘staminodiis minutis stigmati 3.
Habitat.—Fiji : on rg of trees throughout the islands, J. Horne,
zy pis foerit, Gre
oll. sapius, T5 poll longa, maxima 1 poll lata.
Plone 6-9 lin. longi. Spadicium femineorum pars florifera 1-1}
poll. longa.
300. Freycinetia sumatrana, Hemsl. |Pandanacee] ; robusta, foliis
confertissimis ^c Coriaceis rigidissimis linearibus longis basi vix dilatatis
sursum valde attenuatis sed vix acutis remote aculeolato-denticulatis
coloratis e basi lata longissime caudatis, spadicibus mediocribus
quaternis distincte pedunculatis oblongis, staminodiis minimis vel
obsoletis, stigmatibus 2-3.
Habitat.—Sumatra: Mount Singalan, Beccari, 211.
Folia 2-3 ped. longa, basi circiter 1 poll. lata. Bractee 9-12 poll.
longs, basi 11-2 poll. late. Pedunculi circiter pollicares. Spadicium
femineum pars florifera 9-12 lin. longa.
DXXVIIL—NEW SEEDLING SUGAR-CANE IN
QUEENSLAND.
The Annual Report of the (Queensland) Pe kl of Agriculture
for the year 1894-5, describes the progress (pp. 5 9-7) of the sugar
central mills at Mackay. “ The establishment of these, mills has led
to an entire change in the industry, and especially have they been the
cause of large estates being sub-divided and sold, or let on lease in small
areas, the existing mills upon these estates being converted into a central
168
mill.” At the present time there are 1387 sugar plantations, with a
total area of 69,031 acres. In 1893 the yield of sugar was 76,146 tons,
in 1894 it was 91,711 tons. “Not only did 1891 see the greatest
number of acres crushed for cane, but it also gave the highest average
return per acre, which latter can be set down to favourable season
“The great influence that the pe of the — al sugar-mill
system has exerted over the indus try, leads me to point out the “further
necessary assistance that could be given by the nbn of a State
nursery wholly devoted to experiments in the growth and cultivation of
sugar-cane. . . Experiments in the direction indicated have been
cultivation in these Sanar new sugar-can s been obtained from
New Guinea. new variety of éiniviera lo promise has also shown
itself amongst some eNe canes grown at Kew. These were raised
from seed received from the Botanic Station at Barbados in 1889.
They were forwarded to Queensland through the Agent-General in
London, in October 1890. ‘The new variety has been named “ Kewensis.”
From the particulars of the analysis given below, it would appear to a
rich in sugar, as likely to be of great service. It is described as
splendid cane not so long as many others, but thick, exceedingly bur.
and producing a large number of canes to astool. The crop coming
on is in fine condition, ges a good many tons will be ready for distri-
bution by October " (p. 5
The ME: extract ka 20) gives the analytical results as regards
the
“Through the kindness of the Colonial Sugar Company, some of the
varieties growing at Mackay were tested by Mr. G. E. Holroyde, the
chemist at the refinery, New Farm, the samples of juice submitted to him
being from the * Batoe, a New Guinea cane, and from the * Kewensis,
qualities of the cane. As each nursery is now provided with water,
experiments can be more ire carried out. The following are the
analyses arrived at by Mr. Holroyde :—
acce oes As "apta from seedling cane growa at Mackay. Name of
cane, Kew
a solid matter - - 22°75 per cent.
Total cane sugar - - s IT y
Total fruit sugar - = PO »
Total density . - - ii. 00 y
* Analysis of juice from New Guinea cane, first ratoon. Age, about
ten months; variety,
Total solid matter E - 20°80 per cent.
Total cane sugar - - - 10'88
Total fruit sugar - = 2 pG- W
Total density - - oi td ee
“Deterioration by keeping the cane or juice has no doubt taken place
to the extent of probably 2-7 per cent. of cane sugar.
169
e Kew Bulletin E 1894 (pp. 81-86) contains an account of the
success obtained from scedling sugar-canes m British Guiana and
Mauritius. Ste this was published a fuller ^ Report o n the Agri-
cultural work in the Botanical Gardens, for the years 1891-92
(Demerara, 1894)," has adhe issued, This contains, pp. 11-26, an
elaborate report of the further progress of the experiments in British
‘Guiana. Four of the seedlings raised in 1889 are stated by the writer
be, “the richest canes in sucrose we gue C RA _ during our
‘extended experience in this colony and the West Ind Further,
**six of the seedling canes raised. ir 1999 —— 5 mu ve results in
excess of those yielded by the Bourbon ina year in which those canes
had given results "gehen above the a edi aces what is of great
importance is that these were due not to
excessively high yields of canes per acre, but t dé high saccharine
richness of the canes.’
The general conclusion arrived at that * the saccharine richness of a
seedling cane is equally as problematical as the conjecture beforehand
as to its colour or size” is in accordance with general experience.
‘The following correspondence has taken place with the Queensland
Government with respect to ihe Kew seedling :—
AGENT GENERAL FOR QUEENSLAND to Rorat GARDENS, Kew.
Queensland ATTI Office,
Waianae Chambers, 1, Victoria Stree
Sir, London, S. W. 10th August "1896.
I nave the honour to enel a copy of a letter which I have
received from the gr oed sed the Department of Agriculture,
Brisbane, copcernin ugar canes supplied by you in
October 1890, and e TW feel obliged if you can furnish me with the
information desire
I have, &c.
(Signed) Cuas. S.
"The Director, Acting ides ‘Comm
Royal Gardens, Kew.
[ Enclosure. ]
QUEENSLAND.
rior car w E rR Aa Brisbane,
Sir i June 1896,
N December "t: this Piriti kE Ae a Wardian case of
coding 1 sugar canes from the Royal Gardens at Kew, as ed ised in your
letter of 23rd Gaber 1890. These seedlings, as you were informed,
were planted in the State Nursery at Mackay, which at that time had
r just been started. They have resulted in a cane that is so well
thought of in the Mackay district and elsewhere, as being “ first in sugar,
a great stooler, and rattooner, enm fine broad healthy foliage, and
having all the characteristics of a first-class cane, tl at all who have
seen it here this season are iori 2 by its appearance." (Report of
é
170
the canes, and no information other than that the seedlings were tained
from seed received from Barbados, accompanied your Miu above
referred to, so d pending a more authoritative common name, the
cane is now known here generally by the name of Kewensis ; P shall be
glad, however, to entertain any correction in the nomenclature
Great care has been taken in propagating the cane with the result
reliable persons in various parts, so that the vai ety is in a fair way to
spread over the sugar Blowllg districts, and each year increasing
the available su analysis [printed above] taken by the
Colonial Sugar Refinery Company, at their laboratory, New Farm,
Brisbane, from px d of im v he 10 months old, may be
cheba Nan but ing if you must remember that the canes had
first of all to spend a Bee days in tfávellig from the Mackay nursery
to the laboratory.
I have, &c.
. (Sign gned) ' PETER McLean.
The Agent General for e E Under Secretary.
Victoria Street, London, S.W, ;
ROYAL Garpens, Kew, to QUEENSLAND GOVERNMENT OFFICE.
: Royal Gardens, Kew
SIR, August 12th, 1896
vE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of you r letter ae
August 10th, transmitting correspondence ee ~ subject of seedling
sugar-canes sent to Queensland in October 1
hav
ve read the report with great intrest and satisfaction. The
results so far in other sugar-growing colonies of the attempt to obtain
improved varieties of sugar-cane from seed have scarcely n so
promising. In a case of this kind success is always a matter of pure
chance. It is a piece of great good viaa that a cane of merit has
TE supplied to Queensland by this m
. The history this important suiii cannot be carried very far.
It was raised at Kew from seed obtained from the Botanie Station at
Barbados. The or a of this is not certainly known. It was probably
the Bourbon or Otaheite. But as the pose A can only be regarded as
a seminal sport, the parentage of the seed is really immaterial
The cane may be conveniently spoken of as the “ Kew seedling ”
or, if preferred, as Kewen
m, &c.
igne W. T. THISELTON-DYER.
C. Shortt ae Esq., C.M.G.,
Queensla nd Government Office,
Westminster Chamber:
1, Victoria Street, S.W.,
171
DXXIX.—CULTIVATION OF INDIA RUBBER IN
ASSAM
The Assam rubber plant (Ficus elastica, D) 1 is a large evergreen
tree found in damp forests from the base of the Sikkim Himalaya
semara, o. ae and Arracan. Kurz remarks that it is frequent in
Uppe where whole forests exist in the valley of Hookhoom..
The. Rc of India has of ie years attempted to establish
regular plantations of rubber trees in Assam and Madras. A memo-
randum, by Mr. Gustav Mann, Cotiserrater of Forests, Assam, describin
the growth of trees from seeds, was given in the Kew Bulletin, 1891,
00-2. In the Kew Bulletin, 1892, p. 68, it was stated that the
imports into this RE of Assam and Rangoon rubber in 1891
amounted to 350 ton
The Government “of India issued directions in May 1884 that for
five years from that date the Assam plantations should be increased by
200 acres a year. Part of this extension it was recommended should -
be situated on higher ground than hitherto planted. At the same time,
it was added, endeavours should be made to induce private persons to
rubber obtained showed a .singular eise year bv year. It varied
so greatly that while the yield in one year was as much as 26 pounds
r tree, it would fall in another year to a little over two pounds. The
value in money depended, of course, on the market, but at an average
pee of 1s. 6d. per pound the extreme yield per tree varied from 39s,
Th fluctuations in the yield of one and the same tree in different
years are, therefore, very considerable, and they remain up to the
present inexplicable, * since the officers under whose personal super-
vision these experiments were made have not been able to find out any
reasons for, or causes of, these very material fluctuations.’
There is another point of practical importance. It is well known
that Ficus elastica will grow with undiminished rapidity and luxuriance
in situations remote fr oe, the se but in such x it ow to yield
caoutchouc, Hence, .M oncludes that no greater mistake
could be made than to ae plantations of this d in the Er of
Bengal. This is true also of many parts of the world where the tree
nom bere proved valuable for the production of rubber except in the
ountainous parts of Assam
| o doubt as to the financial results of the cultivation of
Ficus eva, even in Assam, the work undertaken by the Govern-
ment of India has latterly been suspended, In fact, no extensions have
172
n made since the year 1893-94. The total area of the plantations
Sireally established is estimated at about 2000 acres, but it is admitted
that many parts are not fully stoc
Great difficulty has been experiencel in preserving the trees from
illicit tapping by the natives even in the reserves. “It is rare to find a
vigorous of any sort, and then it is C iovo too old to yield
rubber in quantity.” The present posit ion of the rubber industry in
Assam is very fully yer ina Note on an Inspection of Certain
Forests in Assam," by Mr. H. C. Hill, Officiating Inspector-General of
Forests, dated the 3lst Stroh 1896. From this note the following
extracts are taken :—
The continued destruction f naturally-grown rubber trees and the
impossibility of preserving them. — The illicit tapping of trees in
Bálipara and Charduar reserves, south and west of the Bhoroli river,
with perhaps 10 or 20 trees to the square mile in the richest parts, even
if men could be got to stay in the forests in the rainy season. Under
are withdrawn. The northern boundary abuts the Akha and Duffla
hills and is uninhabited and trackless except for wild elephant paths,
therefore the he once collected is easily carried across the line to be
reimported as foreign produce. Formerly, when the right to oles
rubber within e a forests other than reserves and to import
from foreign territory was leased, gangs of Nepalese employed to collect
rubber beyond the Inner Line defied the forest staff, and, assembling in
rumbers within the reserves, tapped everything fore them. ‘This
began the erent eee Now, with fewer trees to work on, and licensed
tapping goes on ind the ctor d is passed o off to Thi purchasers as
foreign rubber. The result is the continued destruction of the trees in
reserves as well as in unclassed forests. And, if this is the state of
Mg within the Inner Line, it may be safely éoncláded that the trees
e being generally killed off across the Line, unless the reported
religious regard for the tree in the Abor hills is affording it protection
in that country. .
Plantations are the only means of assuring a continuous rubber
supply.—T he quantity «s eI exported frum Assam saaeally at at p.esent
amounts, in round num o 3500 maunds, worth in Caleutta 34 lakhs
of rupees (35,000/.). Th de Govériaiéti royalty at Rs. 12 a maund
amounts to Rs. 42,000 (4200/.) a year, and it will, I think, be admitted
that, with a view to m this supply continuous it behoves Govern-
ment to invest a fair proportion of these receipts, if they can be
profitably invested, with this object in view. The only prospect of
success, financial or other, seem € He in the direetiou of artificial
plantations, where tke trees can bé coneentrated on eee area, the
effective protection and exploitation of ‘whieh will be possi
Financial prospects of the plantations.—Can these pli antations be
expected to become a profitable investment? Hitherto the Government
173 s
of India, acting on the advice of the Inspector-General of Forests, who
had consulted the local officers (Messrs. McKee and Campbell), decided
in 1894, that the further extension of the plantation was not advisable
because a considerable amount of expense would be inearred, and there
was a great doubt whether the expenditure would prove remunerative ;
and Qu OE because, even if it were remunerative, many years must
elapse before any profits could be obtained. My observations and an
examination of the plantation and of the faets connected with the rubber
supply of the future ae not justify the expoctetion that the Govern-
A ‘ive followed Mr. McKee as Conservator in Assam,
are more hopsti e financial prospects of the plantation and express
doubts as to the Wisdoi of the orders passed, I venture to put forward
‘a further forecast of results which it seems to me may be safel
anticipate
In the first place, the cost of establishing the plantation was estimated
in 1879 at Rs. 36 per acre. Mr. McKee "s estimate of 1893 was Rs. 50.
Mr. sayis was of Tas that Rs. 20 ERF suffice for paning out an
acre, and adding Rs. 10 for maintenance the cost wo Rs. 30.
r. Home's estimate is Rs. 4U an acre for planting with maintenance.
; In my opinion this cost-rate will suffice and should not be exceeded, and
where open s ag are oe as in 1892-93, the cost may ke —À
at Rs. 30. Mr. Ho: able to show that, exclusive of Rs. 34,000
spent on experiments, Te exlitiag plantation has cost Rs. 56 per acre,
and with the experience gains ie can be iittle doubt but that
operations will be cheaper in the fut
The prospective yield of the entails is discussed at length in
paragraphs 9 to 15 of Mr. McKee’s report, but it would seem that some
assumptions have been male too unfavourable f the plantation.
Trees have been put out in the older compartments 100 feet by 25
feet apart or to the number of 17 trees to the aere. In the younger
esce ts the trees are spaced 70 feet by 35 feet or 18 to the acre.
+ feet, e
square yards. This is apparently a mistake for 770 square yards, and
as now planted, the wem might have an average diameter of crown of
TY’ 4+- 35’
L T = 568 feet end cover 245 square yards. I think it may
reasonably be held that more than eight trees, but with a less superficial
area than g- 605 square yards, will be permanently maintained.
But admitting that an acre with eight trees or more will only yield 40-
seers at a tapping, which may be repeated every five years, the net
value of the rubber is very mach understated by Mr. McKee. Instead
of Rs. 50 it o: be Rs. 80 per maund, and the return per aere per
annum t es Rs. 16 instead of «d 10. If the Rs. 40 initial
agri are taken at t 50. years at 34 per cent. compound interest to mount
up to Rs. 220 and interest at 34 per vii pud on this t of the Rs. 16,
there would still be a net return of Rs. 8 per acre per an
n order to ascertain what prospect of yield the plantation gives at
beoag I had four good trees tapped. ‘Their age is 18 or possibly 20
years, as the old trees date from 1875, ane re first compartments were
only ‘successfully planted in their pres completeness in 1877-8.
They yielded repeciv 23, 21, 11 E 48 chittacks (approximately
equivalent to 3, 3, 1} and 6 Ibs s.)
i U 94047. B
174
This was valued locally at Rs. 97 a maund, and allowing for some
' further "ts g and a fair rate for et the net value may be t
at Rs. 80 (a little over 1s. per pou
e rubber was sent to Dr. Watt with a view to his obtaining an
"independent valuation in Calcutta. The result of this valuation is
Rs. 105 to Rs. 108, Rs. 100 to Rs. 105, Rs. 110 to Rs. 115, Rs. 110
to 112 respectively, per P ser fmaund landed in Caleutta (equivalent to
an average price of 1s. 6d. p r ib.
- One man taps three Mas in a | day or rni the doped from two
trees, so that 15 men would tap and colleet the rubber from an acre
. containing 18 trees. Allowing a margin, the asitastión tibai be done
for Rs. 10 a maund. The yield varies with the spread of the crowns
and the more or less openness of the situation. The smallest yield was
obtained from an enclosed tree in the middle of the compartment :
largest from a tree open on two sides situated on the bank of tlie
aon trees wot which alone yield is rubber freely.
I think the yield obtained from these few trees justifies the assumption
that 20 seers (11 lbs.) could even now be obtained from an acre, an
that it is reasonable to suppose a maund will be readily obtained at or
before the age of 50 years, and that Rs. 16 per acre per annum can be
counted upon.
Extension of Conan work indt these views are accepted, there
would seem to be a g e for extending the plantation by 250 acres
a year, at a cost of Rs. 10,000, for the next 12 years at least. By this
time it will cover an area of 5000 acres, the riae nee pd yield of which
would be, even nieas to Mr. McKee’s estima 000 maunds of
rubber per ann risen Se a iens income of at ‘ean Rs. 80,000 to the
forest revenues oft the provin
Cost to Government and " ipon ste: y of increasing the duty.—As
aad shown, Government is only required to forego 25 per cent. of
the revenue * is now dung me the extermination of the natural
rubber tr
Con, sideri ing that men are ready to pay up to Rs.38 a maund for
rubber collected from the forests in the Tezpur distriet, with a guaranteed
yield of 168 maunds from one of the two mahals eastern) into which
the district eM been eiie iod EY be desirable to raise the royalty
from R Ps o Rs. 20 a This would still leave an ample
iage varies fr
Rs. 16-8 i in the Garo Hills to Rs. 30 paid by mahaldars,
DXXX. GERMAN COLONIES IN TROPICAL AFRICA
AND THE PACIFIC.
Some pa geld Renag the development of agriculture in German `
Tropical Africa were given in the Kew Bulletin, 1894, (pp. 410-412).
ce has now published a further report (Miscellaneous
Series, Ne. 402) on the “German Colonies in Africa and the South
es B Berlin." by Mr. Martin Le M. Gosselin, C.B., H.M. Chargé d'Affaires
175
The ation gout with comprise
(1.) Tog ying east of the British Colony of the Gold Coast ;
The Cameroon in the Bay of Biafra opposite the Spanish Island
of Fernando
(3. German AME West Africa between the Portuguese Colony of
Angola Ss Cape Colony ;
(4.) German East Africa extending from Cape Delgado northward to
Cire ‘Séasly opposite the GENER of v and reaching inland to
Lakes Tanganyika and Victoria Nyanza
(5.) German New Guinea P Tis Wilhelmsland, including Bis-
d BT elago ; and
(6.) Marshall Islands, a small group lying north of the Caroline and
Gilbert Islands in the latitude of the Philippines.
The following table will show the extent and trade of these Colonies :—
| Volume of
Area. | White Trade.
Colony. (Imports and
Square Kiloms. | Population.
combined.)
- "To ogo) - st - B E - 60,000 96 *
Cam ; 495,000 230 520,316
erm South-West Arien - 835,100 1,114 101,303
penu Fast Afric - 995,000 600 593,329
n New Guin oes 250,000 198 | —
Marshall Islands - =| 400 81 —
I!
|
Total - - = 2,635,500 2,319 1,471,692
= 1,016,782
| English square
| miles,
|
Of these colonies Togoland is the only one that so far pays it way.
In the work of maintaining the government of the other colonies a
is estimated to be a E for the year 1896—7 of T —X
ropeans
anual work can be pervia and directed but not dndertaken by the
white settler. They may and probably will become great trade centres
for the development of German transmarine trade, but will not serve
as agricultural colonies in whieh the surplus population of Germany can
be absorbed,
I.—TocorAND.
This was the earliest of the German possessions on the coast of West
Africa. The white population is almost entirely German, consisting of
B2
176
22 officials, 25 traders, and 22 missionaries. T 4: following particulars:
are given of the plants cultivated in the colon
“ Amongst the trees and shrubs acquired some years since from the:
potai garden at Lagos, the Annatto plant, Bixa Orellana, yielding
red dye, and various sorts of Eucalyptus, have thriven very well. The
sabes plantations at Lome, Bagida, and Porto Seguro are also.
thriving. Attention is being paid to the cultivation of indiarubber trees:
and it is chisel costal that the intported Manihot Glazovii will do better
than the native
been largely extended during the 12 months, July, 1894, to June, 1895,
one native firm (the Brothers Almvida) having now 95, 000 trees and
“crop,
hope to at 2t
** At Klein- 30,000 coffee trees have been planted, about one-
exported. The Arabian coffee trees have been attacked by diseace,
"which does not, however, affeet the Liberian trees, even when in the
closest proximity.
* Many European vegetables are doing fairly well in the Government
gardens at Sebbe (endives, carrots, c cabbages, celery, radishes, &e.), and
some specimens of the so-called Otaheite potato (Dioscor ea sativa)
have been obtained from the Gold Coast botanical garden:
The following table shows the trade returns of the principal artivles
exported during the last two financial years—
| Quantity.
Articles. —— o A a
| 1894-95, 1893-94.
Palm nuts - - - - | Kilos - 8,428,159 7,095,893
Palm oil - - “ : | Litres - 2,766,132 2,821,093
Gum E - - 2 Kilos - 41,183 23,349
The export of gum has neariy doubled itself, that of palm nuts shows
an increase of over 1,000,000 kilos., while the amount of palm oil has
somewhat decreased.
“The total value of goods exported (July, 1894, to June, 1895)
amounted to 107,3177."
II.— CAMEROONS.
This has a total area of 495,000 square RHET equal to 190,972
English square miles, or about the size of §
This immense tract has a white population atii stationary at about.
The principal articles cultivated for food and the forest products
de qm are noticed in thé following extrac
any European vegetables (cabbage, widmen salad, beans, and
"m cucumbers, &c.) do well in the outskirts of Kamerun, and Eur vi ry `
Tem soon ber able to dispense with tinned (imported) vegetables
igni
“The trade in the chief products of the Cameroons, oil, palm nuts,
‘indiarubber, and ivory, is still suffering — the fall in prices quoted
n ) o A gradual change is being
effected in the inland trade ; formerly the export goods passed rom
tribe to tribe, and eventually only reached the Furopean firms through
the native middlemen on the coast; now the firms despatch caravans
"every month from eight to 10 days’ march in*c the interior, and exchange
European imports for iv ory and indiarubber.
“The unsatisfactory middleman is thus being abolished, wish is
xloubtless an advantage; but the cost price is much the same now as
formerly, in Jis cs of the expense in carriers, almest all Wey-men
from Li
* The botanical gardens at Victoria continue to render valuable
sservice; the Arabian coffee tree thrives very well, while the Liberian
^coffeo tree suffers—especially in the rainy season—from a mouldy
growth. (As stated above, in the neighbcuring colony of Togoland, it
1s the Liberian tree that thrives, and the Arabian that has beef attacked
by disease.) Clove t re ryophyllus aromaticus) do well, and are
E i Para gum trees (Zeve brasi
‘sent to Hamburg, and crm good prices. Large diri e ‘of
. Jamaican and Canton ginger will consequently be made this year
inutmeg (Myristica moschata) has not turiven, probably on account
«of the dry climate. On the other hand, black pepper does very well.
*: During the year the botanical garden shipped :—
Articles. | Quantity. Value.
Í
| Kilos. £
Cocoa B - - - - 3,101 208
Coffee - B - - - - 533 40 am
Ginger - - - - - 270 5
Coffee and vanilla samples - - - 11:5 1
Total - - - * — | 254
“ The garden further 13 sie a great vey of seels to the various
European planters and missi
* The € eene worked by three whites and 240 coloured
labourers, has a cocoa trees. In 1893-94 the cocoa crop
was 78 rudi in Tod “95, 5, 200 centners. The tobacco A as on the
contrary, fell off from 110 centners in the former to 60 cen n the
Jatter year. ‘The Havannah tobacco > the best i in quay, do not
yield so heavy a crop as the Surinam plat
* Similar progress is reported from the other plantations.
* The value of goods exported during 1894-95 amounted to 204,0567.,
as ere with 238,707/. in the previous year, showing the diminution
of 34,65
178
“The following — ecd the details of export during, the. years
1893-94 and 1894-95 tet
Year, | Palm Oil. | Palm Nuts. P oed Ivory. Ebony. Cocoa, :
|
sew . . ONE | des | QNM NE e LN
1894-95 + * = | 3,362,082 5,837,608 343,150 40,822 479,385 120,069
Increase or decrease|— 238,057 - 122,791 |— 105,738 i+ 10,338 |— 27,656 |+ . 9,164
“ The fall is attributed ced to the bad prices obtained in European
markets for West African produce, and partly to six months of excep-
tionally dry weather. y illustrating the first cause, iti is recorded that,
V T 8, 1895, a ton of Cameroons oil realised in Liverpool only
20L, as eompared with 237.0n the same day in 1894; similarly palm
nuts realised at the same dates and market 97. 11s. 3d. and 117. 10s.
* So keen is the competition between the several export firms, that in
spite of the fall in prices, they do not dare to reduce the e purchase prices
paid to the natives, Until the firms pull better together, the report
sees no chance in redueing the purchase prices to which the natives are
accustomed.”
IIL—GzenMaAN SOUTH-WEST Arrica.
The area of this Colony is 835,100 square vienen or «n vede the
size of the Cameroons. ‘There are 780 Germans, of whom
are in uniform, The British subjects are ne ; as numerous ee the
German, with a sprinkling of Trek and ‘Thaiiava Boers,
* Exports from Walfish Bay to Cape Town of Articles over the Value’
of 1000 marks (502.).
Articles. Value.
te — - = = d = à 695
etie fathers - - - - - = 1,551
Goat skins E - B - - - - 839
* Narrah " kernels above mentioned are the sceds of the Nus
plant (Acanthosicyos horri ida, Welw.), a cucurbit, yielding an edible
fruit, covering large tracts in "Angola and Dammaraland.
IV.---GERMAN East AFRICA,
The area is nearly a million square kiloms., or 383,873 square English
mi ‘This is undoubtedly the most valuable of any of t
Colonies, but oe still in a ee bee nm gin state. The races to ; he
Indi
179
the British East Indians are far in excess of all the other coloured:
people. The n ERN particulars are furnished in the Report :—
* The effects of the visitation of locusts in 1893-94 were still visible
in the year under review. any formerly fruitful districts were
completely devastated; the locusts especially attacking rice, Indian
millet, and maize; the natives are now advised a replace ace. thes? crops:
with plants which the locusts do not touch, s as manioe, sweet
potatos, and various vui of beans. In the ntuicdututtitiblt erm
last year’ s harvest has been good.
** Cattle rearing has As materially improved ; whether the rinderpest
is partly the cause of this js not certain; but undoubtedly the loeusts
and the famine have retarted progress. Good fodder could. only be
obtained from the islands of Mafia and Kilwa-Kissiwani, and from the
Kilimanjaro highlands.
* Plantations.—The reports of the cocoa-nut, india-rubber, vanilla,
and coffee plantations, were generally satisfactory.
**'L he cocoa plantations of the German East Africa Company at Moa
and Yassini, embrace some 18 square kiloms.; 80,000 to 85,000 cocoa
nut palms have been planted, Eee a quantity of seedlings, and the
Director calculates that by July 1896, 500,000 trees will have been
planted out. The same Company’s s coffee plantations, Derema and
Nguelo, at Handei, in the Usambara Hills, yielded last harvest a crop
of about 50,000 kiloms., and it is said of excellent quality. At ema
in June 1895, there were between 150, and 160,000 Arabian coffee
trees, and some om 2 of Liberian trees. At Nguelo some 350,000
trees. From 600 to 700 labourers are employed, amongst them 200
Chinese and M deri: The Hemileia vastatrix appeared in 1893-94
but fortunately has not hitherto done much damage. Dr, Heinsen, the
botanist, specially sent to East Africa to stamp out this disease, has
tried several means of doing so (the report does not specify them), nor
is it yet known Jae the experiments have succeeded.
nd haye been planted with tobacco at Lewe, and
2500 with pie a but it is not intended to plant more tobacco, as the
quality does not come up to the mark. From 1 de to 120 Chinese and
Javanese are employed at Lewe, besides 100 (and in the busy season
400) Bondei men. The health of the Asiatic sale is said to be
“The cotton plantations at Kikogwe, though thriving well, do not
pay, both on account of Indian competition, and of the heavy f full in the
prices realised in Europe. A pound of cotton, equal to the best Texas
cotton, only fetched in Seti 26 pf. (24d. s while dani from 43
to 47 pf. were constantly realised.
« In the gamoyo district, the prosperous vanilla plantations of the
Fathers of the Holy Ghost, started pany y years ago, deserve a passing
notice; but these plantations are of course exceptional, being i iio
by the pupils, who are fed, dedu and housed at the m 8
xpen
y Sugar plantations are chiefly to be found in the Pangani Valley.
* Government assistance to agriculture.—The Government will
doubtless do- much in the way of ex perimental cultivation, now that a
new agricultural department is e organised, but a good deal has
already been done in this directio
“For aay See?
“1. Every half-year a quantity of vegetable seeds are supplied to all
stations, beth island and on the coast, inhabited by Europeans, Inland,
180
nearly all European vegetables do well. Wheat has been successfully
cultivated at Tabora: 600 kiloms. inland. ample sacks of Tabora
wheat, quite b forwarded to Ern are said to have made
excellent flour, quality and coiour good, and very nutritious. ‘The
stations are further supplied with a!l eit fruits, and with such trees
as are likely to thrive (cedar, Pinus excelsa, acacia, and eucalyptus). The
assistance rendered in this respect by the Director of the Indian Forests
Department, by the botanical gardens at Natal, Rockhampton (Queens-
land), and Calcutta, is gratefully acto in the report, and the thanks
of the Governmeut are expressly conve)ed to these and other foreign
and German benefa
** 2, A portion of eae special grant of 2500/7. joies in June, 1895, b
the Reichstag for the relief of the famine, as wellas the funds collected
at Zanzibar for the same en ; was expended by the Gu ag in
providing the natives with grain and sceds (maize, , beans, and
und-nuts), partly rine t partly under the solve of returning
double the grant after the first good harvest
3. An experimental eid nd 80 acres in extent, of Liberian
coffee and tobacco, has been started at Mohón EAN of the Rufidji Delta.
“4, Silk culture has been started at Dar-e Saipa; and it is hoped
‘to obtain Indian experts to direct the experiment. ‘ Unfortunately the
-efforts of the Consulate at Bombay to find such people have been as yet
‘fruitless, but it is hoped they may soon be engaged.’
. An experimental garden has also been started at Dar-es-S Salaam,
-and an interesting table is annexed to the East African report, showing
those plants which would appear to do best. These tabular statements
would doubtless be of great service to any beiticiand or arborieultural
"undertaking on the East Coast.
“6, A station has been founded in the Upper Usambara Hills, to
fest Mat d oe m yeti Ew be utilised for German colonisation.
estry ‘ordin was issued by Major von Wissman in
October 1895, for pib the woods in the Usambara district.
According to this regulation, the woods for 150 metres wide on the hill
ridges can only be touchel by special permission of the Governuieal
Hill-sides above an angle of from 45 to 50 degrees may not, under any
circumstances, be disafforested, In the valleys s, woods are to be left 30
tres wide, every 600 metres, at right angles with the lay of the valley ;
along the brooks the woods are to be left for a space of 50 metres wide
(either on both or on one side). Intentional contraventions of the above
‘are punishable with fines up 6000 rs., or 3 months imprisonment;
unintentional contraventions with at up to 1000
“8. By an Ordinance, dated July, 1894, the then Governor, a
von Schele, forbad the preparation of ‘tembo’ (or palm wine) in Eas
i order to prevent as far as bosdiblé the damage done to "e
were er amen by fines up to 50rs, or 1 month's i nme
s Ordinance, being found to be unworkable, was abrogated in
ler 1895, but the district officials are instructed to S co in their
power to discour urage the preparation of ‘tembo’; and i suggested
that the sale of this drink should only be allowed to del. authorised
persons who should have to take out a license for the same.
* The sn nl state of the Colony in 1891-95 was *not unfavour-
EU nes the locust plague, and consequent famine, vd the fall in the
exchange on the rupee are taken into considerati
181
* The result of the locust pl: ge is all too plainly to be seen in the
export returns of food stuffs :
Value in 10€0 Dollars.
Articles. E
1892. 1£93. 1894.
Rice, ar - = - 33 35 9
4 - - 60 121 16
aiz 6 7 ER
Negro corn (matama mä. raawele) > 56 84 53
3 4 2
& The same cad a is noticeable in the report returns of cattle,
sugar-syrup, a
** On the thet zarg d not affected by locusts show an inercase :—
Value in 1000 Dollars. -
Articles.
1892 1893. 1894.
Raw caoutchouc - - - 211 232 247
Cocoa-nuts - - H 3l 56 44
ero E - - - 47 44 80
Tobac - - 37 30 101
Grass for plaiting. - - B 9 13
* The only exception is copra, the quantity el in 1894 bent
30,060 dols. less than in 1893.
* The great Volume. of the East coast trade still finds its way to
Zanzibar. According to the returns drawn up there the value of the
goods imported into the island in 1894 from the German coast amounted
to no less than 3,980,390 TS. and the goods exported thence to the
cu S iod 3 (139,3 339 rc
a despatch to the Foreign Office, gives the
most recent account of the progress adó in the cultivation of T ropical
staples in German East Aft
Mr. Gossxtin to the MARQUESS or SALISBURY.
(No 129. Africa.)
My Lorp, ~ Berlin, July 9, 1896.
Tux German East Africa Company have recently issued. t their
'Annuai Report for 1895
The Handei Hills coffee plantations are doing well, and have wit ith-
‘stood the ravages of the rabies gid fairly well, and the first
harvest (1895-96) realised so 1709 ners; the best t quality was
sold on the average for 1:10 mile per à E P kilog. (the duty being paid by
the purchasers). "A great increase is anticipated in the n ext. harvest.
‘as a number of newly-planted trees will make a retura for the first time.
From 500,000 to 600,000 coffee trees are already planted, without
counting some hundred ‘thousands of cuttings.
1352
Tea plants are i well at Derema, but it is too early yet to give an
opinion as to the result. If the cultivation of tea is to succeed on the’
East African littoral it will, says the Report, be necessary to bun the
assistance of Chinese and Javanese coolies, and the hope is expressed
that the Imperial Government will facilitate the importation of coolie
labour from East Apia.
Some former Wanyamwezi and Wasukuma porters have recently done
well in the plantations, and an agent has been dispatched to the interior
to enlist nae for the company and other agriculturists in the
Usambara distri
The cocoa cltvation = Derema has not been a success, the plans
bea. too high up o ills. ‘The cocoa plantations at } ere
me 3600 hectars une poi planted close to the sea, are e well.
NE Kikogwe the outlook is less satisfactory; the market price o
cotton, being now so low it has been found "Peces to supplement the
cotton plantations with other crops, notably erian coffee roko
s, maize, Mtama millet, and it is Ketisipated- n little by little the
cotton should be replaced by coffee, cocoa, and Sisal hemp. Mr. Cowley,
who started the Handei Hills plantations, has pum pinu manager
at Muoa.
I am, &c.
The Marquess of Salisbury, K.G.] M. Le M. Goss&ErIN.
V.--KaisER WILHELMSLAND.
This includes German New Gvinea and the Bismarck Archipelago,
with an estimated area vem 250,000 square kilometres or about one half
the size of the Cam
“ The great eredt | in the history of T: colony this year is the Bill
laid this session empowering the Imperial Government to take over the
erre oi of Kaiser Wilhelmsland.
ollowing notes are taken from the Memorandum submitted to
tho Reichstag last month (May, 1896) in support of this measure.
“In the three West African Colonies sovereign rights have been
exercised ever since the annexation by the Emperor in the name
* In Enst Africa, the German East Africa Company acquiri red
abba, il rights by the Imperial Letter of MM of February E
1885; but these were given up in 1890, the sovereignty of t
Protons was vested directly in the Empire.
and acquired juridical rights in ‘May, 18 86, and, except from November,
1889, to September, 1892, has since carried on the government of the
scattered colony.
“During the 1889-92 interval a special arrangement was tried,
under which the Government found the officials, whilst the company paid
the salaries; but the plan did not work well, and, in September, 1892,
the company again undertook the administration.
“The company have found great difficulty in recruiting their staff,
and finding people able to act as officials, and, at the same e time, possess»
ing that practical knowledge required for nee or plantation purposes.
This was specially the case when, Aii d death or illness, an appoint-
ment had to be suddenly filled Vacancies were thus left
unprovided for months, to the manifest disadvantage of all concerned.
183
“The official incididun proceeds to give a glowing account of
the fertility and riehness* of the whole colony, of the abundant water
and of t
— he e success attained in the “gene —
e fauna of the island is remarkably poor in mammals, very rich
in birds, Beasts of prey and poisonous vile s are unknow T
natives rear pigs and dogs, but no osha domestic animals were known
till the arrival of the Germans.
* Cotton Crops.—The cotton crops on the Gazelle Peninsula were
gocd, and of excellent quality. In the Herbertshóhe plantations, 60
bales (about 25,000 lbs.) were ready for exportation in July, 1895 ; in
the Ralum plantation, 120 bales (41,000 Ibs.), and the crop was by no
means ingathered when the report was written.”
VI.—MamsHarr ISLANDS.
This remote group of islands is situated almost a the ori s the
Pac It is of very slight commercial importance, but the account
given of a m to Nauru by ihe Imperial paeran Mi tha some
facts. of interest.
ÉDRG ‘hi ief occupation of the natives is the collection and prepara-
tion of copes the cane TU of the archipelago. "They are excellent
fisherme p
and swim men make preserves, mats, and other
such artic Miay: “of the men have become very serviceable sailors,
so much so that the vessels of the Jaluit Company, with the exception
of the captains and pilots, are exclusively manned by the Marshall
PE ge The boldness of the crews of the native schooner beige
n the open seas without M nautical instruments, by the help of the
poses primitive and, to ropeans, unintelligible of nautical charts,
satisfactory, though even here an improvement is visible. Want of
lication and perseverance is, after all, a necessary outcome of the
nomad oe they have hitherto led.
old patriarchal system still prevails amongst the natives, On
i other band, by contact with the whites, they have lost many of
their primitive originalities, most of all in ' Jaluit, where the old-
fashioned grass-coats and hair-tufts are now seldom to be seen. The
old war-drums of sharks-skins, formerly beaten by the native women,
curiosities. The natives of the Rataks, of the northern Raliks, and
especially of Nauru, have kept up more of the old habits and customs,
and the love of fighting. The fact that peace has been maintained, in
ais of this feeling, throughout the colony is a: not so much to a
change in. the native character, as to a whole series of regulations,
amongst which, in the foremost. place, should be es the prohibi-
tion of the sale of arms and spirits. Another measure which has tended
greatly to preserving the peace is the decree forbidding the selling of
goods to natives on credit.
* The price of food-stuffs is high, due to the remoteness of the islands,
the dearness e labour, and to the hitherto prevalent system of
allowing long cre
& Products ithe indigenous products of the islands were limited to
cocoa and other n SA ena s, bread-fruit, taro, arrowroot, bananas,
tives are euni ing the value of the bananas and melons, but
the place once held by the cocoa-tree as the staff of life is being gradually
184
Mg. by imported rice = Reser es. Last year’s yield of copra was
rich; the natives hav nted young trees, in accordance with
regulation of September, 1894, which Bical bear a full crop in some
10 years’ time.
“The plantation at Likieb, the joint property of an American, a Ger-
man, and a Portuguese, yielde ed 210,000 lbs. copra in 1894—95, and 25
fresh hectares were planted
* Attached to the plantation is a small ship-building yard, which turns
eut excellent sailing-boats used by the Marshall, Caroline, and Gilbert
natives. ‘The material has all to be imported by the Jaluit Company * as
the cocoa-nut wood breaks like
“ The Jaluit Company's plintationis at Providence and ‘Killi are also
“The total copra yield amounted during the year 1894-95, to
4,7 30,259 English Ibs. as compared with 4,767,169 English lbs. in the
revious year. most all the isles showed an increased yield excepting
auru, where, on account of the drovght, the crop fell from 421,000 Ibs.
to only 31,509 lbs.
“There are three experimental gardens at Jaluit, where several
European vegetables (such as salad, tomatos, cucumbers, radishes, &c.)
do well, but good soil is so scarce, having to be imported as ballast, that
extensive cultivation is out of the question.
* Pigs are the only avimals reared for food purposes on the islands,
there being no fodder for catile or sheep ; cattle and sheep are occasion-
ally imported, but baro, to be killed at once for want of green food.
There is no wild gam
* Nauru. o operit eere C Kaiserlicher Landeshaupt-
), Dr. made a voyage Naura (formerly known as
Pleasant Toland) in August, 1894, d his report oic some
tuteresting information on the inhabitants of this isolated s
‘There is no harbour, and te canuot even anchor oF ‘the shore,
tiio coral reefs being unusually steep.
auru, lying almost on the pano fully five degrees south of see,
Isle, the southernmost of the Ralick Marshall Isles, is reported to
without doubt, the most beautiful and, in rainy years, the most fruitful
of e whole protectornte.
‘rom January, 1892, to shortly before the soe arrival, no
rain to speak of had fallen, and the copra harvest of 1893 was conse-
poe lat lost. Some of the cocoa-nut trees produce the almost —
of from 1200 to 1500 cocoa-nuts. The distress in consequen
of the drought was so great that the copra tax had to be suspended, com
the trading licenses 2 y half.
* The i-let, onl 10 marine miles in circumference, rises in
terraces of coral forme didis from the sea, the highest ground being some
metres from the sea-level.
“ As a guide to ships a flagstaff has been erected on " highest point.
he high ground is wooded. Near the centre is a fish-pond with
brackish — surrounded by a palm grove of aa Tam trees adi
80 to 100 feet high.
“The arene village lies elcse to the shore, hal? being built on
piles in the sea.
* Attached ve aee house is an inclosure with tame sea-swallows and
other large marine birds. The feathers were fe e y mule to the
Marshall I eoa to adorn the hair and eurs of the ives, and dress their
, but th e has now ceased, the birds ine still e to amuse
185
Pati Pi s are also to be fonnd and dogs, the latter are not kept for
protection, but as dainty morsels at great i
t“ The sea inside the reef, some 15 feet deep, i is very rich in mud, and
is divided by moles separating ntti marine property. The fish, hardly
the length of a finger when caught, are fed up till they attain the size of
a fat herring, and are then eaten raw, and they are said to be delicious,
* Behind the village is a deep cavern, access to which is gained by a
shaft some 70 feet dee by means of ropes; below is a fresh-water lake
domed in by a stalactite in — Beyond this cave is a further abyss
of unknown depth and e 'The cave, which extends far under the
sea, will, when adr probably yield duet of interest to marine life
and science.
“The presence of singing-birds was nor with delight i those
coming from the Mar shall Isles where none such exist. An ttempt to
import them to tke other isles failed, as they die at once in capui F
DXXXI.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
R. MARMADUKE ALEXANDER Lawson, M.A., F.L.S., Government
a ry h last.
held the posts (now divided) of Sherardian Professor of Botany and
Sibthorpian Professor of Rural Economy in the University of Oxford.
In that year he was appointed, on the recommendation of Kew, by the
Secretary of State for India in Council, Direct tor of Government
Cinchona Plantations, Parks, and Gardens , Nilgir
5 à Botanical Department for the Presidency was created, and
Mr. Tna was uppointed its head, with the title of Government
E and Director of Cinchona Plantations.
official record by the Acting Gevernment Botanist, and the
ditior of the Madras Government (dated July 23rd) are veh below.
Extracts from ANNUAL tion eg t Report on the GOVERN-
MENT CINCHONA DEPAR T, Niteiris, for the Year 1892-6.
It is with great regret ps = aaa of Mr. M. A. Lawson, Government
ment Gardens and Parks on the 18th June 1883, and the designation of
Government Botanist and Director was given to him on the Ist April
1886. Mr. Lawson had unusual ability, which he exhibited in ord
department of his office. In January 1895 he intimated his intention t
retire from service, and at the close of the year his health, which had
been most robust during the whole of his Indian career, began to fail.
Feini 1896 (p.
His Pel à the Governor in Council desires to record his high
appreciation of the work done by the late Mr. Lawson as Director of
the Ghvepuindit Orehi ae during a period of over 12 years.
From the report of Dr. King, w ho has meded i the Hatitatignis on two
ascribed to his administration (3
186
Mr. Joan CHRISTOPHER WI Lis has been appointed on the recom-
mendation of Kew to succeed to the post vacated by Dr. Trimen as
Director of the Botanical Department, Ceylon, Mr. Willis is M.A.
of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and held for three years from
1890, the Frank Stuart Studentship for botanical research. At the time of
his appointment he filled the posts of Senior Assistant to the Regius
Professor of Botany in cud Unive ersity of Glasgow, and of Lecturer in
Botany at Queen Margaret’s College in that ee Mr. Willis
left England for Ceylon on the 21st August | ast
Cem HERBERT Cave, a member of the gardening staff at
ont : i
He left London for Caleutta «^ the 18th EUR b Ls las
Botanical Magazine for August.—4All the drawings were made from
plants cultivated at Kew. Sansevieria roxburghiana, native of the
East Indies, is interesting as a fibre-yielding plant. |t was presented
to Kew by Messrs. James Veitch and Sons. Cyrtanthus Huttoni has
been recently introduced from Cape Colony. The Kew plants were
raised from seeds réceived from the Edinburgh Honc Garden in
1892. Sarcochilus hainanensis, an orchidaceous plant from the Island
of Hainan, was sent to Kew in 1894 by Mr. Ford, the Superintendent
s is a native of
of g A
Manchuria and Japan. It is chiefly noteworthy for its handsome
foliage. Solanum cernuum, a native of South Brazil, is about eight
feet high, with large leaves and white flowers.
Botanical Magazine for September.—The plants figured are: Chone-
morpha macrophylla, Dendrobium Leonis, Bauhinia Galpini, Rhodo-
dendron Smirnovi, and Cel; misia Munroi, all being cultivated at Kew.
Islands. It was raised from seeds received from the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Calcutta, in 1884. The stem, when cut, yields a milky fluid,
which Mr, Gamble considers “a good sort t of Caoutchouc.” T
Dendrobium is a curious species from the Malay Peninsula, whence
it was first introduced into this country sixty years ago.
i m M é i
intendent of the Garden and Forest Department, Penang. Bauhinia
Galpini, flowered for the first time at Kew in 1895. e is a native of
the Transvaal, where it was first discovered by . Nelson, at
Dorn Spruit Spelunken, i in 1880. The Tod des dron is a handsome
species fon Trina Cage and was obtained from seeds received at
Kew from Dr gel in 18 Celmisia Munroi, native of New
Zealand, was introduced b Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons. It is one of
the finest species of the genus.
Flora eo is.— The Shania e of the first part of Vol. VI. has
y been noticed (p. 124). Part b has since been issued with the
following prefatory note by the Director :—
The second part of the sixth volume gi the Flora Capensis needs but
a few words of introduction. Like the first, it is the work of Mr. J. G.
187
Baker, F.R.S., the keeper of the Herbariam and Library of the Royal
Gardens, Kew. It contains the continuation of the Amaryllidee and
part of the Lilia ace@, to the completion of which the whole of the third
and concluding part will be devoted.
Most of the genera described include species of great horticultural
IU Gasteria, Aloe, and Haworthia, which belong to “the
Two o points Suge: i some remark. A cH number of species
appear never to e been collected but on Many are still only
are unrepresented in herbaria. It is difficult, however, to believe that
any are really extinct. The fact is more probably accounted for by the
extremely local limitation of species in South Africa, which is hardly
paralleled in this respect by any other flora in € wor
In case of succulent genera such as iur Haworthia, her-
barium specimens are mirena deficient. But . Baker has ha
a
sulting living specimens is of peculiar advantage in describing the
Petaloid Monocotyledons. But in the case of the succulent genera, it
may be safely said that, without it, the task would not be possible at all.
Unfortunately when the majority of these plants were introduced, little
importance was attached to their exact localisation ; and this, therefore,
for the present, must remain for the most p undetermined.
gai . Brown, and to
. Wright, assistants in the Satanic; for their valuable
assistance in the work of passing the sheets through the press. And
must remedy an omission in expressing my thanks to the well-known
th African botanist, Mr. H. Bolus, F.L.S., for great assistance in
revising the very intricate topography.
WORST D:
Kew, August 1896.
Hand-List of Trees and Shrubs. Part ii—An account of the purpose
and scope of this publication was given in the notice of Part I. in the
Kew Bulletin for 1895 (pp. 40-42). The present part (Gamopetale to
Monocotyledons) completes the catalogue of the nei plants (excluding
conifers, which form a separate hand-list), grown in the open air in the
iim of the Royal Gardens. In the nomenclature of hardy bamboos
w has to acknowledge the kind assistance of A. B. Freeman-Mitford,
Esq. ., C.B., of Batsford Park, Moreton-in-Marsh, who has made them a
special stu udy. Anyone interested in the cultivation of these beautiful
shrubs cannot do better than ac Mr. Freeman-Mitford's admirable
volume, “ The Bamboo Garden
-188
China, collected by the eminent Russian travellers Potanin, Przewals' ky
and Regel, are particularly valuable.
New Forage plant.—-The plant described in tha following letter
might prove useful in Australia, South Africa, and the cooler parts of
India.
United States Department d Gg.
DEAR Mer August 1,
RWARD you to-day, enclosed in separate rapper small
package of seed of the Flo rida beggar weed Denne lin tor Zapesblk
ics an d grows best on sandy soils containing lime. On cultivated
lands it grows often 8 to 10 feet high. "The haulms, though rather
woody, are eaten by cattle and ne T ofall kinds. Beggar weed
are
value in the warmer countrie
Respectfully,
The Director, F, Lamson-ScRIBNER
Royal Gardens, Kew. grostologist.
Lemon and Lime trees as hedge plants.—In the Annual Report of
the Depnrimeut of Agriculture of reinaan for the year 1894-95,
pp. 55-56, it is recommended to utilize the lemon trce (Citru us Medica,
var. Limonum) as a hedgeplant. For some years the lime tree (Citrus
Medica, var. acida) has “been so used in the West Ines with great
success. only drawback sae in the use of the latter has been
cc The
the occasional dying out of the trees in patches, due EUNT to the
uncongenial. nature of the soil. The same thing also occurs in old
established yew hedges in this country. Apart from this cireu mstance,
lemon and lime trees are capable of forming very serviceable hedges in
tropical and sub-tropical countries. The paragraph menticned is as
follows :—
*'The cutting up of large estates into small farms anne tee m
large amount of fencing that was not before required. Itisg considerable
item in the expense of starting operations. The posts ae generally to
be found on the land or near by, but the time is fast coming when they
will have to be brought from a distance. Everyone is cutting down,
and nobody planting timber, with ihe resultant annihilation of the timber.
To meet the difficulty, hedge planting will have to be resorted to, for
which purposes no plant in the ek is so mE e. adapted as the
common lemon. If, where fences are being erected, or ong existing
fences, a few seeds were dropped in at about 18 inches apart, a hedge
would in about four years be obtained, that no man or beast could
penetrate. 'There is a row growing here, not quite five years old, vo
te i d seven inches in diameter. Plants of course can
used instead of seeds. The raising of quickthorn for hedges in the
old Sire itd is a business, and a similar business could be made of
raising lemons here. A lemon hedge six or seven years old would
s reqnire something in the way of a locomotive to punch through it."
. BUCHANAN.
~~
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
No. 119. ] NOVEMBER. [1896.
DXXXIL— HIGHLAND COFFEE OF SIERRA LEONE.
(Coffea stenophylla, G. Don.)
With Plate.
The Highland Coffee of Sierra Leone AA c stenophylla) is an
pcc plant, as being, according to the Botanical Magazine, t.
7 * one of the two indigenous West African species* which in point
of commercial value may prove a formidable rival of the Arabian coffee."
It was discovered by Afzelius upwards of a century ago; but was not
published until 1834, when G. Don described it from specimens collected
‘by himself at Sierra Leone. Sir Josep ph Hooker remarks :—“ It was
regarded by Bentham, perhaps rightly, in the ‘ Niger Flora,’ as a variety
of C. arabica.”
The plant is an evergreen shrub or small tree up to 20 feet age
the youngest leaf-shoots are pink. Leaves four to six inches long by
one to one and a half broad, bright n and glossy above, m
beneath ; nerves, six to ten pairs, with small glands at the axils, which are
wig res globose. Seeds hemispheric, with a narrow ventral furrow
s its name, *'The Highland Coffee of Sierra Leone," to Dr.
Danieli
Mr. G. F£. Scott-Elliot, F.L.S., the botanist to Me d
Boundar ee in 1892, also collected specimens, whi
in the Kew Herbarium. Sir Jo ph Hooker remarks that (itio ie
of a very "Nite oo it with lanceolate leaves only two to two and
a half inches long by one-third to two-thirds ot an inch broad, v
different from those represent ted in lbs accompanying plate, “and these
together favour the opinion entertained by Bentham, that both are
forms of C. arabica, Linn
E Scott-Elliot s account (Kew Bulletin, 1893, p. 167) is as
o
s Coffee stenophylla, the narrow-leaved * wild, * bush,’ or * native coffee,’
is sometimes found wild in the hills, and is more often cultivated than
* The other is C. liberiea, Bull.
u 94127. 1375—1096. Wt. 123. A
190
the Liberia, It grows very freely, and yields quite as much as the
Liberian, but is somewhat longer in coming into bearing. Both the
natives and French traders at Freetow say that it has a superior
flavour, and prefer it to the Liberian. In ‘fact, latterly a certain an
has to a French dealer, who is said to se ll it a 4 frs.
the
what the 1 market value in BELiveeboó would be. 'The plant appears to
thrive best in the higher hills about Sierra Leone, on gne eissose or
granitic soil, and can be grown at from 500 to 2000 feet.”
The plant, shed Mabie the accompanying ime was produced for the
Botanical M. , was raised at Kew from seed sent in May 1894
by Sir Williaa.’ H. Qayi Jones, ie Chief Jos nein of ‘the West African
Settlements and Deputy Governor of Si on
e circumstances under which the seed was collected is Mea in the
following despatch communicated to Kew by the Colonial Office
DEPUTY Governor, SIERRA LEONE, to COLONIAL OFFICE.
Government House, Freetown, Sierra Leone,
My Lorp MARQUESS, April 10th, 1894.
In reply to your tie A Despatch, No. 15, dated the 23rd
January last, transmitting a copy of a letter from the Director of the
Royal Gardens, Kew, asking that a few pounds of fresh and authentic:
f Coffea stenophylla may be obtained and transmitted to him for
distribution to the botanic stations in the West st Indies, which request.
your Lordship desired should be complied with if possible, I have
the honour to report that on the arrival of Mr. Crowther, the curator
of the Gold Coast, in the Colony, I tárod what was being done in the
matter, and on learning that it was said to too late to obtain seed,
n
some seed, and ifit was not possible to do this now, to be good enough to
ear-mark some of the coffee plants of the authentic kind, so as to enable
us to supply authentic seed when obtainable.
I am glad to say that Mr. Crowther was able to obtain some of the
seed requir ed (nine pounds), which he certifies as true seed, having s
it growing before it was gathered, and also gave instruetions for i
being erii
The coffee is being addressed to the Director, Royal Gardens, Kew,
and m if i possit be despatched by s.s. “ Shetbro,” which takes this
despatch
have, &c. :
The Most Honourable (Signed) W: H. QUAYLE Toni
The Marquess of Ripon, K.G., Deputy Governor.
&e. &c.
Plants raised from the seed, above-mentioned, flowered at Kew as
early as September 1895, in one of the tropical houses. Supplies of
seed and plants of this coffee have now been distributed to the Botanic
Institutions in India and the colonies from whence, if the plant resists
th and proves to be as excellent a coffee as the French
merchan ts declare it to be, good results may be expected.
_ The results of the introduction to the West Indies are so far of a promis-
character. e plants have not, however, thriven so well as could be
: wished at Dominica and d Ceylon. In the Report of the Botanic Station
V! Sas & Sons Lid Lith.
191
rs ;
reported as thriving well; others are not so satisfactory. The plants
put out at the station are by no means a suecess as yet, one only being
in a really healthy state."
From Trinidad the prospects are mors encouraging. In Mr. Hars
Annual Report for 1895 we find :—“ From seed of this new coffee, sent
from Kew, a number of plants have been raised. Some of the larger
plants have Deti planted in permanent positions, and are now over
three feet in height, and it is expected will flower in a few weeks for
the first time.”
At the ae Gardens, Jamaica, Mr. Fawcett is able to report :—
“ Fifteen plants of Coffea stenophy yii raised from seeds from Kew, have
been planted in different places about the garden and are doing well."
From the Report of the m of the Royal Botanic Gardens,
he for the year 1895, we learn
mall plantation of 36 plants of oe igne or ‘upland coffee?
( Coffee Pam croraR received from Kew in 1894 was made in. April,
and plants of Lonchocarpus sp. (the one dd in Trini as a shad
tree for Cacao) planted among them for shade. The growth of the
coffee plants has been very irregular, varying from a few "gga
to 3 feet, and cannot be said to be ver promising. The h
“tinier of plants out of their element, and look as if the alata
id not suit them n the other ‘hand, the Lonchocarpus is
PEER at home, having grown very rapidly with a branching habit,
and it promises to be a very useful shade-tree at low elevations. Some
of he shoots have grown 8 feet in nine months.’
e Director of the Botanic Gardens and Forest Department, Straits
Vire BUDE refers to the African coffee in his Report for the year 1895,
as follows :—
Among P Lesonomie plants] is a small lot of the new coffee
( Coffea Jed Za), plant "posen. A pum It is growing
steadily and well, and at present does not appear to be affected a t all by
disease. Plants have been distributed to coffee planters in different
parts of the Peninsula for experiment and observatio
Explanation of Plate,
Fig. 1, ge of leaf, showing upper surface and glands; 2, ovary, style, and
stigmas; 3, etree of corolla with stamens, laid open ; 4, vertical section of ovary,
exposing ovules; 5, berry (from the Kew Museum) ; seeds ; transverse
section of seed ; 8, vertical section of seed ; 9, embryo. All but No. 5 aa
DXXXIII.—EXPLORATION OF THE KARONGA
MOUNTAINS.
An exploration of the Karonga Mountains in North Nyasa within
the territory of the British Central Africa Protectorate has lately been
undertaken by Mr. Alexander Whyte, the chief of the scientific staff
under Sir H. H. Johnston. An account of the botanical work pre
viously done by Mr r. Whyte in Nyasaland was Len in the Kew Bulletin,
1895 (pp. 186-191). The following preliminary report of the results
obtained on the Karonga range is contained in a letter from Mr. Whyte,
A42
j
192
dated Karonga, the 16th July we which appears in the British Central
Africa Gazette, of August 15th
I have just returned from my sojourn of eighteen days on the
highest range of the Deep Bay-Karonga mountains, and am pleased
with the collections made. We all su ered from the cold, and had
some bad cases of sickness; but, on the whole, the boys worked well,
and I have got together a larger cotleotioi than ever I have made on
any previous expedition.
The flora of this range proved most interesting, resembling that
of Mlanjs, yet differing from it, in many respects. I failed to find any
trace of a conifer, but, on the other hand, the range s richer in heaths
than Mlanje is. I fancy the three principal peaks of the range, to the
tops of which I went, ríse to an alt itude of from 7 to 8C00 feet
above sea level; and I thoroughly explored this portion of the range
from end to end, and I could see close at hand the mountain I explored
at the Mount Waller part of the range. I cannot quote figures exactly
till I go thoroughly through my collections ; ; but, of plants, : have over
rie toes of skins of kinds, 330; of mammals, 200; of
reptiles, &c., in spirits, 120; of crustacex, &c., 250; land shelis, 5000 ;
insects, 3000, and a menia of geological specimens.
I was meh troubled with fever sores breaking out on me while on
these high piateaux—if plateaux they can be called; but, luckily, I was
able to keep my feet pretty free of them, so was "able to get through
the walking necessary to explore the place well. I do not think this
range of mountains will turn out so healthy as Zomba or Mlanje.
There is a want of the soft balmy bracing breezes prevailing at Mlanje.
The ordinary wind is a cutting south-easter from the lake, and which
we found chilly and anything but bracing. Of course there are
sheltered valleys which are pu enough, except when the wind is
áriving over the mountain top
I should have stayed a be days longer, but some suspicious natives
made their appearance on the plateau, and, in one night, built a long
boma, not two miles from my camp, No. 2. Hitherto Thad not secn a
trace of man on the mountains, but saw smoke away down in the valley
the we
Dr. Cross id I propose starting for a tour to-morrow round to
the Tanganyika plateau, and returning through the Wankonde
country. i i
t
trip, but I s eng no ee get ers sare certainly, The steamer is
193
DXXXIV.—NEW ORCHIDS.—DECADES 17-20.
< ah 161. Liparis pauciflora, Rolfe; pseudobulbis ovoideis parvis, on
binis membranaceis breviter petiolatis late ellipticis obtusis, sca
paucifloris, bracteis late vei aqui ii s subacutis, sepalis lan genio
linearibus obtusis lateralibus falcatis, petalis poraa, labello
obovato truncato ecalloso, columnæ yT parvis B
Has.—-Szechuen: S. Wushan, A. Henry, 5675, S
wt 3-4 some longa, 11-21 poll. lata. Scapi 7-10 poll. longi.
Bractec 3-1 lin. eic Sepala et petala 3-4 lin. longa. Labellum
3 lin. Joi: Colum a 11 lin. lon
Aliied to the Indian Y rostrata, i: f., but the flowers are smaller
and less numerous.
162. Liparis Henryi, AH^/fe; caulibus Medien foliis membranaceis
breviter petiolatis ovato-oblongis breviter acuminatis, seapis circa
15-floris, bracteis ovatis acutis recurvis, sepalis lineari-oblongis obtusis
lateralibus subfalcatis, petalis elongato- linearibus subobtusis, labello
obovato obtusissimo denticulato basi bituberculato, columna clavata.
Hazs.— Formosa: South Cape, a. Henry, 2074.
Folia 3 poll. longa, 1-)} poll. lata. Scapi 6-7 poll. longi. Bractee
l lin. longe. Pedicelli 6-7 lin. longi. Sepala 6-6 lin. longa, 1-13
lin. lata. Petala i^ lin. longa. Labellum 4 lin, longum, 3 lin. latum.
Columna 2 lin. long:
Allied to L. Visi Hook. f. from the Khasia Hills. Flowers
einsidersbly smaller than in L. macrantha, Rolfe, purple, with the
front and margin of the lip much paler.
$- -381° 163. Dendrobium (§ Onychium) hainanense, Rolfe ; pseudobulbis
gracilibus flexuosis, foliis teretibus subobtusis gracilibus recurvis, floribus
axillaribus solitariis pedicellatis, sepalo postico, lineari-oblongo acuto
lateralibus triangulari-ovatis acutis basi ad pedem decurrentibus mentum
curvatum formantibus, ‘tala oblanceolato-linearia acuta, labello. ungui-
culato limbo obovato-oblungo obtuso unduiato, disco leviusculv, columna
brevissima.
. Has.—Hainan: Lingmen, A. Henry ; Ford, 272.
PPseudobulbi 1-1} ped. longi. Folia 2-2} poll. E Floves
lin. longi. Seoulo p posticum 21 lin. longum; Pies ia 6-7 lin. Lr
Petala 2} lin. longa. Labellum 6 lin. longum. Mentum 5 lin. longum.
Allied to the Philippine D. aciculare, Lindl., but the internodes are
shorter, the leaves stouter and more curved, and the petals and lip `
natrower. The flowers are white w 2i. a deep yellow sci on the dise
of the lip.
c 164. Cirrhopetalum Fordii, Rolfe; rhizomate repente Meyers pseu-
; dobulbis anguste conicis, foliis petiolatis lineari-oblongis obtusis basi
attenuatis, seapis suberectis 6-8-floris, bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis,
sepalo postico ovato-oblongo obtuso integro lateralibus lineari-oblongis
apice connatis, petalis lineari-oblongis acutis trinerviis, la bello recurvo
basi cordato apice ge subobtuso, ask brevi alata apice bidentata
dentibus gracilibus acutis.
Has. iaga Ford, 359.
Pseudobulbi distantes inter se 1-34 poll., 1 poll. longi. Folia 24-4}
poll. longa, 1-1] poll. lata; petioli 6-10 “Ba: longi. Scapi 4-41 poll.
ie. | 194
longi. ‘Bractee 2 lin. longe. Pedicelli 3-4 lin. longi. Sepalum
posticum 31 lin. longum ; lateralia 6-7 lin. longa. Petala 2 lin. longa.
Labellum 2 lin. longum.
This species much resembles C. gamosepalian, Griff., but the dorsal
e and petals are not strongly ciliate, as in
»
da 165. Eria czspitosa, Rolfe; czxspitosa, seal ree foliis
Hive: lanceolatis minute et inzqualiter bidentatis basi attenu car-
nosis, floribus axillaribus breviter pedunculatis, sepalo Bie lipo
oblongo obtuso lateralibus similibus basi in mentu um
extensis, petalis lanceolato-oblongis obtusis, labello trilobo lobis heen
semiellipticis obtusis intermedio late cor dato- ovato obtuso carnoso, disco
bicarinato carinis basi villosis, columna brevissima
Has.—Hainan. Living plant received from the Hongkong botanic
garden.
: cite circa 2-2] poll. alta. Folia 11-2] poll. longa, 2-3 lin. lata.
Pedunculi 5-6 lin. longi. Momm um posticum 2 lin. longum, 14 lin.
latum. Petala 1i lin. longa, 3 lin. EN Labellum 2} lin. longum,
13 lin. latum. Mentum 1 lin. longur
An anomalous little species, amp the section Bulbodium, but
peculiar in its tufted habit and the absence of pseudobulbs. Sepals and
petals white with some maroon-purple stripes at the base; front lobe of
lip yellow, Muros of side lobes purple. It flowered at Kew in August
1894.
p Eria (§ Dendrolirion) formosana, Ro olfe; rhizomate scandente
crasso, pseudobulbis oblongis 2-3-phyllis, foliis lanceolatis subacutis,
racemis arcuatis multifloris rachi ferrugineo-vi osa, bracteis ovato-
oblongis viblscts, pedicellis ferrugineo-villosis, sepalis lanceolato-
oblongis ten sns tene petalis sepalis paullo e
o
us,
brevissima.
Has.—Formosa : South Cape, A. Henry Y, 1978.
Pseudobulbi 1-11 poll. ien Folia 21-41 poll. longa; 4-7 lin.
lata. Racemi 3-34 poll. longi. Bractee 2-3 lin. lon nge. Pedi dicelli
6 lin. longi. Sepala et petala 3 lin, longa. Labellum 1 lin. longum.
Columna I lin. longa.
8167. Nephelaphyllum chinense, Rolfe; rhizomate repente valido,
pseudobulbis ‘Cylindraceis, foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis acutis v.
breviter acuminatis, scapis erectis 6-8-floris , bracteis ovato-lanceolatis
lis
ac olati
obtusissimo obscure crenulato subtrilobo lobis lateralibus parvis apice
rotnndato-obtusis, disco levi, calcare oblongo obtuso, columna clavata.
Has.—Kwangtung : in rupibus ad Tingushan, West River, Canton,
Hance, 17,733.
Pseudobulbi 1-14 poll. longi. Folia 31-53 poll. one, Ae poll.
lata ; petioli 4—5 lin. longi. Scap i 5-6 poll. longi. Bractee 4-7 lin.
long. Pedicelli 3-5 lin. higi Sepala et petala e Jin. longa.
i llum 5 lin. longum. Calcar 3 lin. longum. Columna 3 lin.
onga.
Described from a specimen in the British Museum.
que 168. Nephelaphyllum cristatum, Rolfe; caule re
pente deem:
vaginis. membranaceis laxis tectis, foliis alternis petiolatis
195
ovati is subobtusi is, scapis laxifloris, bracteis lanceolati tis acuminatis S,
sd
labello oblongo obscure trilo asi saccato-calcarato lobo intermedio
semiorbicrlari onsets crenulato retuso, disco pubescente prope apicem
insigniter fimbriato-cristato, columna elavata, clinandrio late marginato.
Has.—Hongkong, Ford, 48, 254.
‘Folia 1-2 poll. longa, 7-13 lin. lata; re 6-9 lin. longi. Scapi
5-10 poll. longi. Bractee 2-5 lin. lon Sepala et petala 6 lin.
longa. Labellum 7 lin. longum. Coleen 3 lin. mats
Allied to N. cordifolium, Lindl., but the crest much more developer
Sepals and petals green streaked with dull purple near the base; wa
white passing into purple ard then green near the base. A plan
flowered at Kew in May 1896
O° 169. Tainia hongkongensis, Rolfe; tuberibus ovoideo-globosis, foliis
radicalibus Jonge petiolatis lanceolatis acuminatis, scapis erectis, racemis
laxifloris, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis
acuminatis, petalis sepalis simillimis, labello integro cuneato-obovato
inato, columna
FE
28.
E
cy
ca
=
B.
=
IB
-
LT
ih
Ss
=
ed
ZE
a
oa
^
5.
S
d
z
clavata alata.— Ania angustifolia, Benth. Fl. Hongk., p. 356 (non
Lindl. !).
Has.— Hongkong, Wilford, 384; Wright, 522; Hance; Ford.
.Tubera 3-1 poll. longa. Folia 6-8 poll. es 3-1} poll. lata ;
petioli 3-7 poll longi. Scapi 1-2 ped. long Bractee 3-5 lin.
ongs. Pedicelli 5-7 lin. longi. Sepala et potes 8-9 longa.
Labeilum 6 lin. longum, 3-4 lin. latum. Columna 4 lin. lon
Easily distingnished from the Indian T. Fees Lar Benth, (Ania
angustifolia, Lindl. ), by its entire, not trilobed
Ao! : 170. Aa me Pleione) Delavayi, Rolfe ; dobulbis d. resso-
? globosis nudis, tonis DAP. tovc ox A d eire iii Him
branacei truncatis obtectis unifloris, bracteis Stern prea obtusis,
s petalisque anguste lanceolatis subobtusis basi attenuatis, labello
late rhoiibuldas obscure trilobo lobo intermedio fimbriato, disco trila-
mellato lamellis elevatis irregulariter crenato-dentatis, columna gracili.
Har.—Yunnan, Delavay.
d decree 6-10 lin: longi. - Pedunculi 3-34 poll. longi. Bractee
ll longe. Sepala et EOT 13-1} poll. longa, 34 lin. lata
Label 1} poll. longum, 1 poll. latum. lation à 1} poll. longa.
Allied to C. bulbocodioides, Franch., but the flowers larger with
broader sepals and petals, and the lamelle of the lip distinetl y toothed.
av 171. C Pleione) Henryi, Rolfe ; peetidobalbis Nod
clogyne (3
apice attenüatis set as S foliis ge cag umet breviter acumi-
natis apice subobtusis, pedunculis basi vagin Kt iinis obtectis
1-2-floris, bracteis Kaciri feritatis acutis, nls petalisque anguste
lane ceolatis acutis, labello obscure trilobo lobis lateralibus rotundatis
intermedio suborbiculari-oblongo emarginato fimbriato, disco trilamellato
lamellis undulatis apice dentatis, columna gracili.
Has.—Hupeh; South Patung, A. Henry, 6068, 6068a; Szechuen,
A, Henry y, 8826.
196
Pseudobulbi 7-8 lin. longi. Folia 4—7 poll. longa, 1-1} poll. lata.
Pedunculi $5 poll. longi. Bractee 1-12 poll. longs. Sepala et
etala 1} poll. we “Labellum 1} poll. longum, UW poll. latum.
Columna 1} poll. lo
Larger than the athe Chinese Pleiones, and the flowers do not appear.
in advance of the lea
"Mos ^172. Celogyne (§ Pleione) pogonioides, Ziolfe; pseudobulbis parvis
— Ovoideis eee attenuatis monophyllis, foliis elliptico-lanceolatis subob-
tusis, pedunculis basi vaginis membranaceis truncatis obtectis UR
bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis PM sepalis _ petalisque- lanceolatis
acutis basi subattenuatis, labe late-
ralibus rotundatis inter hei emarginato fimbr iato, ira trilameliato
lamellis elevatis irregulariter crenatis, columna grac ogonia
(8 a sp. Hance in Journ. Bot., 1885, p. DAT.
Has.—Anwhei: wet rocks near Wuhu, at 3000 feet ait., Bullock
(Hb. (iem 23038), Hupeh: Patung, on high mountains, 4. Henry,-
1473, 3785.
Pseudobulbi 6 lin. longi. Folia 1-2} poll. longa. Pedunculi 1-2
poll. longi. Bractee i1-$ poll. longe. Sepala et petala 11-1} poll.
longa, 3 lin. lata. Labellum 1-1} poll. longum. Columna 1-1} poll.
longa.
Allied to C. bulbocodioides, Franch., but the petals are as broad as
the sepals, and the keels of the lip distinetly cranate. Mr. Bullock records
the flowers as bright scarlet and Mr. Henry as pink, and the latter
Dj iidem that the bulbs are used in medicine, yidi a drug kno vn as.
at aor 173. Pholidota cantonensis, Rolfe ; rhizomate repente valido, basi
" vaginis spathaceis obtectis monophyllis (an semper ?), folis lineari-
lanceolatis obtusis basi in petiolum brevem attenuatis, scapis ad apicem
pseudobulbi immaturi produetis basi vaginis imbricatis obtectis, racemis.
arcuatis circa 12-18-floris, floribus distichis parvis, bracteis ovato-oblongis.
involutis deciduis, pedicellis gracilibus, sepalis elliptico-oblongis sub-
obtusis valde concavis lateralibus carinatis, petalis ovato-oblongis sub-
acutis, labello eymbiformi obtuso v. fere truncato, disci venis vix
inerassatis, columna brevi clinandrio alato.
Has.—Kwangtung: North River, See Ford, 139.
Pseudobulbi 3 poll. longi. Folia 2 poll. longa, 3 lin. lata. ^d
11-2 poll. longi. Bractee 24-3 lin. longs. Pedicelli ee lin. longi..
Sepala et petala 11-13 lin. longa. EIE 1ł-14 lin. longum.
t, ance 174. Calanthe arcuata, Rolfe; foliis elongato-lanceolatis breviter
inatis basi atten nuatis, scapis elatis, racemis axifloris, teis
lineari-lanceolatis subacuminatis, sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis, potili
linearibus acuminatis, labello fere ad apicem c coiumnz adnato limbo
trilobo lobis lateralibus late oblongis apice dentatis intermedio ovato-
trulliformi crenulato-undulato, disco leviter tricarinato, caleare arcuato
su zato, columna crassa
Has.—Hupeh : taaki. A, Henry, 6514.
|. . Folia 8-12 poll. longa, 1-14 poll. lata. Scapi 1} ped. longi. Bractee
1-1 poll longe, 1- i lin. late. Pedicelli 8-12 lin. longi. Sepala
9-10 lin. longa, 2-2} lin. lata. Petala 8 lin. longa, ł lin. lata. Labelli
197
limbus 6 lin. longus ; lobi laterales 1] lin. longi; intermedius 4 lin.
latus. Calcar 2 lin. longum. | Columna 2 lin. lon
Allied to the Himalayan C. brevicornu, Lindl., but the spur more
slender and the lip different in structure. The flowers, according to
Mr. Henry, are yellow and purple.
pat. 175. Calanthe ensifolia, Ho/fe ; foliis enaifornibas acutis angustis
erectis, scapis elatis, racemis elongatis multifloris, bracteis lineari-
lanceolatis acutis, sepalis elliptico-oblongis earum ’subobtusis, petalis.
eliiptico-lanceolatis apiculatis subobtusis, labello column: adnato 4-lobo.
et crassissima, capsulis elliptico-oblongis brevissime pedicellat
Has.—Hupeh : ce A. Henry, 6005 ; Szechuen : it Omei,.
at 4500 ft. alt., Faber, 945.
Folia 4-1} ped. si nga, 4-6 lin. lata. Scapi 2-34 ped. longi.
Racemi 5-6 pell. longi. Bractee 5-12 lin. longe. „Pe dicelli 2-3 lin.
Sepala et petala 3-3} ie longa. Labetlum 3-34 lin, longum,
4 lin. latum. Columna 14 lin. longa.
Remarkable for its long ensiform leaves. Flowers yellow, according
to Mr. Henry. It much resembles C. Davidi, Frarch., from Tibet,
but the lip is quite different.
TAI Calanthe Hancockii, /ro/fe; foliis we Eau: elliptieo-
Boots "breviter et abrupte acuminatis subobtusis leviter undulatis,
scapis elatis, racemis arcuatis multifloris, ‘rats ovato-lauceolatis
acuminatis, sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis, petalis paullo minoribus,
labello trilobo lobis lateralibus obovato-oblongis obtusis intermedio
obovato-oblongo aeuto v. apiculato, disco triearinato carinis undulato-
gene calcare parvo conico, columna erassa.
Yunnan: under shady blocks of rocks at 6600 ft. alt, at
Ms Hancock, 78.
Allied to C. striata, R. os rome the lip much smaller. Mr. Hancock
describes the flowers as yello
d ^" 177. Calanthe Henryi, Rolfe; foliis cllipticc-y. obovato-lanceolatis.
breviter et abrupte acuminatis basi attenuatis, scapis elatis, racemis
multifloris, bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis, sepalis lanceolatis acutis,
intermedio oblongo apice dilatato truncato, disco graciliter tricarinato,
calcare gracili recto, columna crassa.
Has.—Hupeh: Changyang, A. ped 5253 A, 5253 D, 5958 A.
Folia 6-10 pon. longa, 2-24 poll lata. Scapi 14-2 ped. alti.
Bractce 2-4 lin. longe. Pe dicelli Tas lin. longi. Sepala et petale
7-9 lin. longa, ris lin. lata. epic 5-6 lin. longum. Calcar 6 lin.
longum. Columna 3 lin. long
Allied to the Witalis € plantaginea, Lindl., but the raceme
more lax, and the spur shorter. Flowers, according to Mr. Henry, *
white with a little yellow.
-390% 178. Calanthe lamellosa, Ho/fe ; foliis elliptico-v. naa gr
& breviter acuminatis v. acutis basi attenuatis, scapis elatis, racemis
laxifloris, bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis, sepalis inonolati acuminatis,
198
petalis sepalis paullo minoribus, ge! column adnato limbo trilobo
lobis lateralibus rotundato-oblon obtusis intermedio suborbiculari
obtuso, disco trilamellato lamellis valdé elevatis, calcare conico brevissimo,
columna crassa.
Has.—Hupeh : Chienshih, 4 Henry, 5958.
Folia 9-12 poll. longa, 2-3 Len lata. Scapi 13 ped. alti, Bractee
3-5 lin. longe. Pedicelli 9-14 lin. longi. Sepala et petala 9-10 lin.
longa, 21 lin. lata." Labellum 6 lin. longum. Columna 24 lin.
longa.
Allied to the Himalayan C. brevicornu, Lindl., but readily dis-
tinguished by its narrower, more elevated membranaceous lamelle.
owers, according to Mr. Henry, white with a little red and
yellow,
a jut 179. m Faberi, Rolfe ; rhizomate repente, tuberibus ovoideo-
00. sea’
¢crispo-undvlato, disco trilamellato supra medium irregulariter fimbriato,
calcare conico-cylindrico, columna clavata ;
Has.—Hupeh : Lukan gorge, Yangtse- kiang, Faber, 56, 946 ; Ichang,
A. Henry, 494, 3589.
Scapi 1-1} ped. alti. Bractee 4-7 lin. longæ. Pedicelli 4-1 poll.
longi. Sepala et petala 6-8 lin. longa, 2 lin. lata. Labellum’ 7-8 lin.
longum. Calcar 3—4 lin. longum. Columna 4 lin. lo onga.
Allied to the Indian Æ., campestris, Wall, but the flowers larger and
less numerous, and the spur longer.
vx 180. Cymbidium Faberi, Rolfe; folis elongato-linearibus acutis
coriaceis venis prominentibus, s seapis suberectis v. arcuatis, racemis
sæpissime multifloris, bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis, sepalis lineari-
lanceolatis acutis, petalis sepalis paulio minoribus, labello trilobo lobis
lateralibus erectis semioblongis apice rotundatis e ep elliptico-
i fi
1
medium bicarinato carinis arcuatis, columna clavata be acutis.
Has.—Che stn _ Tien tai Mt., at 2000 ft. alt., Faber, 94;
Szechuen; S. Wus an, A. Henry, 5515.
Folia 2-2} ped. cam 3-6 lin.lata, Seapi 1-24 poi alti. Bractee
5-13 lin, longæ. Pedicelli 1-11 poll. longi. Sepala et petala ud
poll. longa, 31-4 lin. lata. Labellum 1 poll. longum. Colum
lin. longa.
Allied to the Himalayan C. cyperifolium, Wall, but the flowers
quite distinct, and the colour yellow, according to Mr. Hen nry.
ae 181. Cyrtapera formosana, Rolfe; per anthesin aphylla, foliis
c , sea idee, racemis multifloris, racteis parts lanceolatis
acuminatis, sepalis an eolato-oblengis acuti columna
insertis, petalis sepalis. similibus minoribus, labello He ag lobis later-
alibus rotundato-oblongis obtusis intermedio triangulari-ovato apiculato,
serine tricarinato carinis asperulis, calcare brevi saccato obtuso,
Has Formos: South Cape, 4. Henry, 1974.
199
Scapi 1-1} ped. alti. Bractee 7-9 lin. longe. Pedicelli 3 lin.
longi. Sepala 7 lin. longa. Petala 5 lin. longa. Labellum 6 lin.
longum, ‘Col mna 3 lin. longa.
Allied to the Indian C. bicarinata, Lindl,
5 405 182. Luisia Hancockii, Rolfe; foliis teretibus rigidis subacutis,
racemis brevissimis 2—3-floris, bracieis late triangulari-ovatis su
obtusis | concavis, sepalis elliptico- -oblongis obtusis subcoreavis, petalis
elliptico. oblongis obtusis planis, labello dieser ia "eng ugo obtuso v.
emarginato, disco leviter 5—7-carinato, columna brevissima.
Has.—Chekiang: western hills of ied pari 22.
Planta 3-6 poll alta. Folia 2-2} poll. longa. Bractee 1 lin.
longe. Pedicelli 4 lin. longi. ET 24 lin. longa. Petala 21 lin.
longa. Labellum 21—3 lin. long
Habit of L, teres, "Blume, but EE smaller, and lip very differently
Recorded as found growing on a wax-tree (Stillingia
sebifera) beside the river; very r
6 AAt 183. Sarcochilus hainanensis, Rolfe; caule scandente, foliis
b
garden
lineari-oblongis inzqualiter bidentatis, racemis axillaribus vaginis
f -
latim evolutis, bracteis distichis conduplicatis acute carinatis subincurvis
subacutis, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis caudato-acuminatis, petalis sepalis
paullo brevioribus, labello trilobo lobis lateralibus semioblongis apice
rotundato-truneatis, intermedio triangulari-ovato subacuto carnoso,
disco callo zükopdato truneato instrueto, sacco rotundato-oblongo,
columna brevissima
Han-+-Eainen, Tos plant received from the Hongkong botanic
Fo lia 31-4 i longa, 3-1 poll. lata. Racemi 2-3 poll. longi.
Bractee 21-3 . longs. Pedicelli 6 lin. longi. Sepala et petala
13-13 poll. longe. ` Labellu m 6 lin. longum,
Allied to S. Arachnites, Rchb. f., but the front lobe of the lip
distinctly kagai and the side lobes more erect. Flowers light yellow,
front lobe of lip white with a few buff markings in the throat and
the side lobes.
cS 184. Vanda hainanensis, Rolfe; folis lineari oblongis obtusis
gam
v. acute biden ntatis, pedunculis robustis, racemis densifloris, bracteis
late ov vatis subobtusis, sepalis elliptico-oblongis obtusis lateralibus
paullo latioribus, petalis sepalis conformibus basi subattenuatis, labello .
pandu rato- oblongo apice breviter trilobo lobo intermedio oblongo
carnoso subtus infra apicem profunde OME ee
rasse triearinato, calcare conico subcompresso
Dravisiima et latissima.
Has.—Hainan, B. C. Henry, 37.
Folia 4-7 poll. longa, 6-8 lin. lata, Racemi 4-5 poll. longi.
Bractee 2 lin. longæ. Pedicelli 9-10 lin. longi. la 8 lin. longa,
41-5 lin. lata. Petala 7 lin. longa, dn lin. lata, Labellum 6 lin.
longum, 4 lin. latum. Calcar 21 lin. lon
The third species of the section Anota, a a group hitherto only known
from the Philippines and Burma. Flowers white and purple ; fragrant.
85. Thelasis hongkongensis, Rolfe ; pseudobulbis ovoideo-globosis,
foliis lineari-oblongis obtusis, scapis gracilibus basi vaginis clausis
200
apice ovatis subobtusis taies spicis densifloris, bracteis patentibus
recurvis ovatis acutis epalis carinatis postico ovato-lanceolato-
subacuto lateralibus Haar oblongis obtusis, petalis linearibus obit
labello lanceolato-ovato acuto tricarinató, columna brevi ssima, rostello
pb lato apice bicuspidato.— Thelasis vigila ance in
Journ. Linn. Soc., xiii., p. 127 (non Lin
Has. tees, Hance, 1287 ; d 18.
Pseudobulbi 4-6 lin. longi. Folia 1-2 poll. longa. Seapi 3-5 lin.
ongi. Bractee 1 lin. longe. Sepala et petala 1-1} lin. longa.
Labellum 1 lin. longum
Allied to the Philippine T. oS Rchb. f., but the bracts much
narrower and the flowers smaller
c7 186. Galeola Faberi, Rolfe; caulibus altis, vaginis ovatis sub-
obtusis carnosis, paniculis amplis laxis multiflori s ferrugineo- tomentosis,
racteis ovato oblongis acutis, sepalis etae oblongo linearibus
subobtusis, labello integro elliptico obtuso crispulo-crenulato lateribus
inflexis, venis elevatis papilloso-crenulatis.
Has.—Szechuen: Mt. Omei, at 7000 ft. alt., Faber.
Vagine 3-1 poll longe. Bractee 11-2 lin. longe. Pedicelli
1} poll longi. Sepala et petala 1 lin. longa. Labellum 11 lin.
longum. Columna 5 lin. longa
Allied to the Himalayan G. lindleyana, Rchb. f., but with much
narrower segments,
.v187. Listera grandiflora, Rolfe; caulibus gracilibus, foliis late
-cordatis v. ovato cordatis subaeutis v. apiculatis, racemis pubescentibus
paucifloris, braeteis ovatis acutis, sepalis ovato-oblongis subobtusis
concavis, petalis linearibus, labello magno late obcordato nervo medio
E uar columna arcu; ata.
—Hupeh: Fang, 4. Henry, 6876; — Mt. Omei, in
dark dip place at 8000-9000 ft. alt., Faber, 9
Planta 9-10 poll alta. Folka 1] a “ane, 14-1} poll. 1
Racemi 21-3 poll longi. Bractee 2-2} lin. longe. Sepala 3 lin.
i elala 23 ln. longa. Labellum 6 lin. longum, 6 lin. lutum.
Columna 3 lin. longa.
The largest-flowered species in the genus.
z 6188. Spiranthes exigua, Rolfe; parva aphylla glabra, scapis
erectis vaginis laxis subimbricatis obtectis, bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis
subacutis, pai am ovatis subobtusis ce obliquis, petalis oblongis
subobtusis sepalis angustioribus, labello basi erecto deinde subito
men integro hastato-oblongo Mengen basi bituberculato, columna
brevi inerassata, rostello subulato recurvo.
Has.—Hupeh, A. Henry, 6585.
Herba 2} poll. alta. Scapi 2 poll. longi. Bractee 2}-3 lin. longæ.
Pedicelli 2 lin. longi. Sepala et petala 1$ lin. longa. Labellum 12
lin. longum.
A very curious little leafless plant. The minute hastate lobes of the
lip are easily overlooked, and the rostellum is curiously recurved at the
an 189. Physurus chinensis, Rolfe; caulibus brevibus, foliis subezespit-
osis petiolatis ovato- ect subacutis membranaceis viridibus, seapis
201
pubescentibus vaginis paucis obtectis, spicis rast multifloris, bracteis
lanceolatis acuminatis pubescentibus, sepal co erecto elliptico-
subobtusis, petalis sepalo postico subsimilibus, labello subtrilobo lobis
lateralibus erectis parvis intermedio reflexo e ovato subapiculato,
calcare conico bidentato, columna brevissima.
—Kwangtung: Lienchow river, Ford, 134, 240. Also
cultivated at Kew
Folia um -4 poll longa, a 13 poll. lata, petioli 1-1 poll. longi. Scapi
tud poll. longi. Bractee 3-5 lin. longe. Sepala et petala 2 lin.
longa. Labellum 2 lin. boost Calcar 14 lin. longum.
The genus has not hitherto been recorded from China,
n> 190. Cheirostylis yunnanensis, Rolfe ; foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis
subaeutis petiolis basi laxe vaginatis, scapis pubescentibus vaginis 2—4
pesos acuminatis obtectis apice 2-5-fluris, bracteis ovatis acuminatis
concavis, sepalorum tubo oblongo lobis triangulari-ovatis subobtusis,
vie anguste obovato-oblongis apice breviter et obtuse 2-3-denta tatis,
labello unguiculato flabellato ior n bilobo lobis irregulariter 5-7-
dentatis, columna brevi rostelli lobis faleato-linearibus
——— : shady rocky places at Bagis Haeieieh, 25. ** Very
rar
yo a 1-1 e. longa, 4-7 lin. lata; petioli 3-4 lin. longi. Scapi
3-7 poll. lon Bractee : 3-34 lin. longe. Se ach tubus 13 lin
longus, lobi Hu lin longi. Petala 31-4 lin. long ce 2 lin. lata
longa; brachia 1 lin. longa ; rostelli lobi $ lin. lon
Allied to the Indian C. flabellata, Wight, but dis flowers are much
larger, and the petals much longer than the sepals.
qm 191. Goodyera Henryi, Rolfe; caulibus Aka zu m foliis
iens subacutis v. apienlatis 5—7-nervis petiolatis basi in vaginam tubu-
amplexicaulem — ee brevibus niultifloris Tescicis
lanceolatis v. ovato-lanceolatis aeutis, sepalis ovato-oblongis obtusis con-
cavis trinervis, petalis oblongo lancabtattd subacutis uninerviis, labello
ovato obtuso basi concavo-saccato intus celeb ager columna brevi,
anthera lanceolata, rostello in lobos elongatos divi
HAB. Qe Ichang, A. Henry, 6878.
Caules 4-1 ped. longi. Folia 3-1} poll. — aoe € iw
petioli 5-6 lin. longi. Spice 1-11 poll. longe. Brac ge.
Sepala 4} lin. longa. Petala 4 lin. longa. dA 31 lin lin. mm
Allied to the Indian G. foliosa, Lindl.
g ^"^ 192. Habenaria Faberi, Rolfe ; a eed PDT tubere globoso,
folio sessili lanceolato acuminato, scapis un bifloris, bracteis ovato-
laneeolatis subacutis, sepalis vlliBuco oblongis obtusis, NT. 4-lobo,
lobis oblongis obtusis subequalibus, calcar clavato, columna brevissima,
Has.—Szechuen : Mt. Omei on rocks at 9000 ft. alt., Fis. 319.
Herba circa 2-3 poll. alta. Folium 13 lin. longum, 18 lin. latum.
Bractee l- Sa lin. longe. Sepala et petala 1 lin. longa. Labellum
2 lin. longum
Allied to H. Pinguicula, Benth., but the flowers only about a quarter
as large.
^
202
3. Habenaria Fordii, Rolfe ; ate radicalibus suberectis oblongo-
nisi ti scapis elatis, multifloris, bracteis ovato-
lanceolatis, acutis, sepalo sone a cum petalis galeam connivente
lateralibus patentibus oblique semiovatis ac lis lanceolato-
s, pe
linearibus aeutis, labello angusto trifido lobis lineari- filiformibus, calcare
elongato apice crassiusculo, west brevi, precessubus stigmaticis
porrectis, canalibus antherz elongati
Has.—Kwangtung, Ford, 360.
phe te poll. "e Ea poll. lata. Scapi 2 ped. alti. Racemi
3-5 poll. longi. Bracte 1l poll. longe. S :
longum; lateralia 64 lin. ore ma 8} lin. lata. Petala 6 lin. longa.
Labelium 1 poll. longum. Calcar 21-31 poll. longum.
Allied to the Indian H. commelinifolia, d de the flowers much
larger and the leaves not cauline. ** Flowers
E 194. Habenaria Hancockii, J'o/fe ; foliis caulinis HS ccce
^ acutis, seapis squamis lanceolatis longe acuminatis vestitis, mis
brevibus v. subeapitatis multifloris, bracteis lanceolatis euius, sepalo
postico elliptico-ovato obtuso WEET faleato-semiovatis subobtusis
subcarinatis patentibus v. reflexis, petalis subfalcato-oblongis obtusis
subcarinatis, labello olat tr foie lobis linearibus subacutis latera-
libus subpatentibus, calcare filiformi Ms clavato, columna brevi, pro-
cessubus stigmaticis oblongis carnosis, analibus piae elongatis,
staminodiis oblongis latis, rostello tehicipidari tridenticulat
Ha mi Damp grassy slopes at Mengtse, at bó oo ft.
alt., Hancock, 8
Planta 1-13 ao man Folia 11-3 poll. longa, 3-6 lin. lata. Racemi
1-2 poll. Jon i." Bract p.22 lin. Ag ris Sepalum poc :21-3,
ee Calcar 7-9 lin, Gain: Co — 2 sus
Allied to the Indian H. acuifera, Wall., but sii. ka — side
lobes to the lip, and a more clayate spur. « Flowers flesh-colour
<t 195. Habenaria Henryi, Rolfe; foliis caulinis oblongis v. elliptico-
oblongis acutis v. subobtusis, racemis laxi oris, racteis lanceolatis
acutis y v. acuminatis, b
bus patentibus oblongis obtusis, petalis oblique ran ae acutis
cum um posticum conniventibus galeam aon ga ees integro
carnoso obliges Die obtuso, calcare gracili seepissime to.
Has.—Shingking : € ngpeishan, James ; P : Kiukiang,
Shearer ; Hupeh: Patung, A. Henry, 4716, 6148; Kuei, A. Henry,
7663 ; Szechuen : Wushan, A. Henry, 7453 ; Mt. Omei, Faber, oe
Planta 1-13 -— alta. Folia 14-4} poll longa, 4-14 poll. lata.
Racemi 4—9 poll. longi. Pedicelli 4—5 lin. longi. Bapane ae
24 lin. longum ; lateralia 3 lin. longa. Petala 2 lin. longa. bellum
lin. longum. Calcar
5-8 lin. iongum. Columna 1 lin. longa.
Allied to H. Keiskei, Miq., but taller, and with laxer racemes of
smaller flowers. : :
(^ 196. Habenaria Rolfe ; foliis radicalibus ternis lanceo-
~ lato-oblongi tenta racemis - brevibus laxifloris, bracteis ovato-
ne sepalis ovat rer, m obtusis, i feteraribos deflexis,
3 obtusis, labello tripartito "lobis lineari-filifor-
203
mibus, calcare elongato filiformi, columna brevi, anthera brevi canalibus
et processubus stigmaticis brevibus
Han ae ae Ningpo Mts., in damp places in the shade of
rocks, Faber, 2
Planta 6-7 ad alta. Folia 13-2 poll. longa, 5-7 lin. lata. Racemé
2 poll. longi. Bractee 2-3 lin. longe. opea et petala 14 lin. longa
Labellum 2 lin. longum. Calcar 4 lin. longum
dlied to H. reniformis, Hook f, but the deni longer, and the
flowers smaller and more slender,
^*^ 197. Habenaria omeiensis, Rolfe ; folis caulinis oos omis
y oblongis breviter acuminatis, racemis Brest bracteis lanceolatis
acuminatis, sepalo postico ovato subacuto ¢ neavo lateralibus oblongis
rti petalis lineari-oblongis obtusis, labello integro lineari acuminato
neurvo, calcare elongato flexuo so, columna brevi, "rra eanalibus
mien oblongis, processubus stigmatieis subglobos
Han.— Szechuen : Mt. Omei, at 8000 ft. alt., Faber, 951.
Planta 1$ ped. € M 2-6 poll. longa, 1-21 poll. lata. Racemi
4 lin. longi. Bra 1} poll longs. Se li
Petala 24-3 lin. eria Ei 7 lin. longum. Calcar 1-1} lin,
longum. Columna 2 lin. lon
Allied to the Indian H. latilabris, Hook. f, and H. stenantha,
Hook. f., but having a more lax raceme of larger flowers.
p^
c- 198. Diplomeris chinensis, Zo/fe; tubere ovoideo-globoso, caule
abbreviato monophyllo, folio lanceolato acuto basi attenuato, scapis
m pp glabris unifloris, bractea oblongo-lanceolata subacuta coneav.
sepalo postico ovato-oblongo obtuso lateralibus obliquis late semiovatis
kae petalis obliquis latissime semiovatis brevibus apice rotundato-
obtusis, labello. obovato-orbiculari trilobo basi breviter et latissime
unguieulato lobis lobis late obovatis truneatis v. ommpouin caleare e elongate
nico apice
Has.—Chekiang : Tientai Mt., on damp rocks at. 1000 ft. alt.,
Faber, 95.
Tuber 5-7 lin. longum. Folium 4-2} poll. Tot gai 9-6 lin.
"2 i doe Bractea 2-3 lin. longa. Sepala
longum. Columna i4 fat GE
Remarkable for the inflated base of the spur.
qu P Hemipila Henryi, Rchb. f. ex. Bur. et Franch. in Journ.
Bot. 152 (nomen ii); tubere oblongo, caule
en reviato monophyllo, folio sessili cordato-ovato apiculato, tial
gists, racemis multifloris, racteis ODORE Dando i inati
simis, calcare basi crasso apice aan, attenuato, CEDE
Has.—Hupeh: Ichang, 4. Henry, 1534; Nanto, A. diae 6347 ;
Hsingshan, A. Henry, 6347 A.; i A. Henry, 6347 B.
Tuber 3-1 poll. omc Folium 11-4 poll longum, 1-23 poll.
latum. Scapus j-1 ped. altus. Bractee 3-5 lin. longe. Pedicelli
6-9 lin. longi. Sepale i 34-4 lin. longa, 2 lin lata. Petala 21-3 lin.
204
Jonga, 1 lin. lata. Labellum 6-7 lin. longum, 5-6 lin. latum. Calcar
6-9 lin. longum. a 1 lin. longa.
a, Bur. et Franch., in its much larger flowers,
independently of sete dicito:
c- 34> 200. Cypripedium ebracteatum, ead herba diphylla, caule nano,
foliis latissime ovato-orbicularibus subaeut 8, scapis minutissime puberulis
unifloris, flore ebracteato, sepalo postico elliptico - ovato subacum-
inato, lateralibus omnino connatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, m
lanceolatis acuminatis, labello alipin or ngo obtuso
staminodio ovato- -oblongo, capsula oblonga glabra
Has.—Hupeh, A. Henry, 1404a.
Folia 14 pell. longa. Mom poll. lata. Scapus 6-8 poll. longus.
Sepala 1 poll. longa; postieu m # poll. latum ; lateralia 5 lin. lata.
Petala 1 poll. longa, 3 lin. lata, Labellum € poll. Meli Stami-
nodium 2 lin. longum. Capsula 14 poll. longa, 5 lin. lat
remarkable TN ie vom differing from C. micranthum,
Franch., in its much larger flowers, an from C. margaritaceum,
Franch., and C. Fargesii, esie „in Ja saccate lip. The only specim
seen is at the British Museum, having been distributed with C.
japonicum, Thunb.
DXXXV.—KAPOK.
Kapok is the Dutch name for the seed hairs of the white silk-cotton
tree of the East Indies a anfractuosum). The kapok of
c
stuffing pillows, mattresses, and sofas, where its lightness, immunity from
moth, softness, and AM render it superior to ail but the best
qualities of feathers, wool, and hair.
Eriodendron sak dish is a lofty forest tree with a large ras e
trunk covered with prickles when young. The branches are horizontal
and arranged in whorls. The rather large flowers are white, se are
ate as a dry, green capsule, in shape like a short dtbdisbor, filled
ith black seeds embedded in silky hairs. The seeds are sometimes
ten aba yield a bland, fatty oil. ‘The residual cake makes an excellent
food faeit for cattle. The tree occurs in the forest throughout the hotter
par ndia Ceylon and extends to Sumatra, Java, and tho
Philippine Islands. It is also distributed to South America, the West
Indies and tropical Africa. The habit of the tree is a very striking
e.
Gallery, Nos. 129, 176, and 632. It is majestic in size, and generally
towers above all other trees in the dry forests where it flourishes. It
sends out large buttress-like expansions from the base, while its irn
afford a favourite resting — P numerous epiphytes. dew fact t
upper parts of an old silk-cot ree form a very interesting pidas
The branches and forks are thickly pena with the large tufted growth
of several species of Tillandsia, numerous ferns, aroids, orchids, and the
seedlings of Ficus and other trees whose seeds have been carried thither
bii. Next to the Cocoa-nut palm the silk-cotton ERA one ds one
most characteristic f
205
with superstition by the negroes both in Africa and the West Indies,
and they can with difficulty be induced to cut it down or handle it.
In India the tree yields an almost opaque gum of a dark-red colour,
which is said to be astringent, and to be employed Se, in bowel
complaints. The wood is soft and used in tanning leather. An inferior
reddish fibre is,sometimes prepared from the bark, w hich i is used locally
for making ropes and paper. It possesses, howev ver, no commercia
value; and the barking of the iree would not compensate for the injury
done to it as a source of floss. The young roots are also used medicinally
in Bombay. They are dried in the shade, powdered and mixed with the
juice of As fresh bark and sugar.
In Java the growing silk-cotton trees are commonly used as telegraph
posts as the branches grow so conveniently at right angles to the trunk
that they do not interfere with the wires. -
The kapok or floss from Eriodendron anfractuosum is, according to
present demand, a fibre of considerable merit ‘The modern trade in it was
created by the Dutch merchants, who drew their chief supply from Java.
It is said that its elasticity and harshness prevent its becoming matted
as in some other flosses. e extending use of kapok seems to | point to
cotton—including that of the siinal-—the floss of Bombax malabaricum..
When the demand for ka ok first started, Indian exporters placed in,
the market a quantity of very dirty simal, having a large percentage-
of dust as well as seed. ‘This was at once gs and fetched a
price that would not cover the transport charges. India thus fell
into an inferior position, which might have been petra if carefully
cleaned fibre had been sent to Euro
n the Annual Report of the Director of the Botanical Department,
Jamaica, for the year 1884, p. 49, the following particulars were given
respecting kapok or silk-cotton
The silk-cotton tree is a very y familiar d in the Jamaica —
of making canoes; but for all practical purposes the tree is accounte:
of little value in the West Indies.
The chief supply of kapok for the Dutch market is obtained from the-
East Indies, and — x: Arm 1877-82 the canis ee quantities.
were imported, viz.: 1877, 14,093 bales; 1878, 10,519 bales; 1879,
12,080 bales ; 1880, 6479 tales; 1881, 9991 bales, and 1889, 28 ,032
bales. The average price prid in English money was 7d. per lb.
nearly.
A t difficulty found in the importation of silk-cotton was due to
its d bulk and the T cost of transport. This difficulty has now
been overcome by a silk-eotton press constructed by Stork and Co.
aio
It now remains for some enterprising firm to initiate the
collection of silk-cotton in Jamaiea and ship it in well packed bales
for the European market. If each cotton tree yielded at the rate of
about 100 lbs. weight of clean floss there might be exported from
Jamaica every year about 3000 bales of silk-cotton of the value of
90002.
In Ceylon, according to the Tropical Agriculturist (1884, p. 153),
kapok was collected throughout the villages in the interior, principally
u 94127. B
206
in the Matura and Tangalla districts and in the Central Province. The
season commences. in May, and only one crop can be obtained in the
year. The trees do not attain come until the fifth year. It is not
uneommon to gather 1000 to 1500 pods from one tree. preparing
the article for ‘export the chief dificulty was — in freeing it
from the seeds. The improved Patent Saw Cotton Gin imported in
1884 was very satisfactory. The industry in Ce a on was started in
consequence of letters written from the Melbourne Exhibition by the
r. A. M. Ferguson, C.M.G.
Kapok had already attracted considerable attention in Australia
Messrs. Buchanan, of Melbourne, in their Mud y dude dated
21st June 1886, gave the following . account of it: —“ It is now 15 years
since the first shipment of Java kapok came to chis iaket . .
but so firmly did it establish itself : that when supplies
were not regularly forthcoming a substitute was sought for. In proof
of the lasting Steet of kapok, a non-commissioned officer engaged
‘in the Mahratta war of 1843 has a pillow-case in constant use ever
since which sn retains its elasticity and fulness, and who assures us
he has found nothing so cool or healthful to sleep on in warm climates.
It is difficult to obtain reliable statistics concerning the trade
We find it entered at the local Customs under all manner- of names,
regetable wool,’ ‘silk c otton,' * tree cotton,’
‘ we
Ceylon about 200 Ibs., and a bale of India about 400 Ibs.’
Serious complaint i is made in Australia wits elsewhere of the quality
of the kapok shipped from India. “ Even the low price of India
kapok it is found better to pay 83d. and Bight per lb. for Javan than
3d. for Indian. The Indian is frequently received in such a filthy
condition as to be almost unsaleable.” It is stated that hydraulic or
steam-press packing of kapok tends to destroy that peculiar elasticity
to which it owes its value, “for without its springy nature it is
unsuitable as a stuffing material.” Moreover, by hard packing, when
which is suffused over the kapok, ‘ ce a noticeable difference in
colour between the Indian and the besntifally white Java products."
* At Java the trade has assumed a uniform practice. -No unclean
stuff i is spipped, but the different grades of cleaning denote standards of
UN e first, *extra ned, being cleaned by machinery, and
rst picking "of the crop; the second, denoted as ‘best cleaned
iie; being oll hand-picked and free from seeds, except an odd one
here and there ; the third is simply designated < amet '- Tt contains
a few seeds, together w with the ‘slubs,’ or little knotty, curly Jumps,
highe grad
class is found most uniform throughout the bales. Packing is all done
.in straw mats, and never tightly pressed; the first quality, ‘extra
cleaned,’ weighing about 65 Ibs.; the second and third from 75 lbs. to
90 lbs. Bales over 90 Ibs. to 95 Ibs., on account. of bering to be
dumped by fischer’ diae the elasticity of the fibre, are
. reckoned. not to be worth within 4d. to 1d. per lb. in value of bales of
“Tn fact, it is a peculiar feature of the Java trade that weight at
_ bales form an essential edigion, of prionta lighter, the bigti and
he
rcg EE
207
The following 4 dea appeared in the British North Borneo
Herald for August
* Kapok, the dowd which envelops the seeds of the silk-cotton tree,
is, says the Produce World, receiving much attention. The cultiva-
tion of the trees is even said to be ousting coffee in the ovine o
Burmah; they grow to a height of 80 feet to 100 feet, the wood is soft
and worthless; the fibre ka ok, is extensively used for stuffing
mattresses, pillows, c cushions, seats of railway carriages, &c. The lack
4 for i
comes to market is in excellent condition for the purposes we haye
named.”
Kapok has not been received in this country on a very large scale.
It is not, however, quite unknown here. The olo eae particulars
have E received from a well-known firm in the City
Messrs. IDE & CHRISTIE to ROYAL GARDENS, Kew.
72, Mark Lane, London, E.C.,
Sr, September 28, 1896.
In reply to i Ligen of the 24th instant, Kapok is coming
here regularly to the extent of 100 bales a month from India
Ceylon. To-day’s vilae is 21d. to 4d. per lb. The trade is not large,
but may grow.
Yours, &c.
Dr. Morris, C.M.G., (Signed) IDE & CHRISTIE.
Assistant Director, Royal Gardens,
Kew.
DXXXVI.—THE FLORA OF TIBET.
Until quite recently the Herbarium contained no plants from cep
"Tibet, except a smail set of such portions of. Przewalski cest Senna
collections as had been worked out by the late Mr. Maxim T
1892, Surgeon-Captain W. G. Thorold presented the plants tis Pino]
on his j journey across Tibet with Captain Bower ; and. in 1893 Mr. W.
Woodville Rockhill SP s through Professor C. S. Sargent, a
similar collection made by himself on his last journey in Tibet.
Messrs. 'Thorold and Bower traversed the country from west to east,
between the 30th and 34th parallels of — and Mr. Rockhill’s
extreme western point was about 90^ E.long., a little to the north of
Tengri Nor. Some account of these collections will be found in the
Bulletin for 1893, p. mh T; es P. and. they or the
nt of his se in his Sek entitled ‘f'n
Journey etur Mongolia and Tibet, pp. 380-385. Full fo x i
of the localities and altitudes are given; the cl P Taring an instruc-
tive and valuable contribution to botanical literatu
On returning early in the present year, from their arduous journey
across Tibet from north to south, Mr. and Mrs. St. George R. Little-
d presented Kew with a small collection of dried plants which they had
eceeded in saving from the fate of being left by the roadside, a
which befell the bulk of their collections and instruments. This
lection was made in the Goring Valley, in 30° 12' N. lat., and 90° 95!
Bp
208
E. long. at an elevation of about 16,500 ft. It contains sixty-eight
species, including one fern and two funguses, belonging to for wala even
genera and t twenty-five natural orders ; proportions similar to those of.
typical insular floras. Ten of the species have been described as "n;
and, as may be gathered from the enumeration, most of the others.
belong to the region, or extend only to the Himalayas and the lofty
mountains of Western China. A few, such as Aconitum Napellus
Lychnis apetala, Potentilla. “fruticosa, MHopketiem verticillatum,
Leontopodium alpinum, Turaxacum palustre, Polygonum viviparum
and Carex ustulata, have a wilde range. A fe thers extend to
Siberia. Coming to the genera, there is complete evidence that the
P
British, and most of the others have a wi idot range. ‘The regional and
local genera are : Meconopsis, Dilophia, Pleurospermu m, Cremanthodium
(better treated as a section of Senecio), Oreosolen, Rheum and Little-
dalea; the last a very pretty and distinct new genus of grasses.
species, a orca of the northern Sikkim Himalaya, was previously only
imperfectly k
Some farter” remarks on this collection, by the ad are repro-
duced in the current volume of the Bulletin, pp. 99-100.
RANUNCULACEX.
Anemone imbricata, Maxim. Fl. Tangut. p. 8. t
A diminutive species restricted to Tibet, and en collected by
Przewalsky and Rockhill only.
Delphinium brunonianum, Royle, Illustr. Bot. Himal. p. 56, Hook.
f. Fl. Brit. Ind. i., p. 27; Bot. Mag. t. 5461.
This handsome species is common in the Ladak and Karakoram
regions,
Delphinium Pylzowi, Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Pétersb. xxiii. (1877),
p. 307; Regel's Gartenfl. 1876, p. 289, t. 879.
Amdo, i in western Kansuh, AN ese Pi and Eastern Tibet, Rockhill.
Aconitum Napellus, Z. var.; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. i
This very eres plant i is ined all round the at ier hemisphere,
We have not exactly matched Mr. Littledale's specimen, which i
remarkable in siete a € leafy intlorescence.
PAPAYERACEJEF.
Meconopsis LT xs J- 9 Thoms. Fl. Ind. i; p. 2527;
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1, p. 118.
mm Himalaya and collected in Tibet, both by Thorold and
Rockhill
Mecon integrifolia, Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France,
xxxviii. (1686), p. 389; Catheartia aaiae Maxim. Mél. Biol. ix.
713.
i This exceedingly showy plant was- previously known in western
unnan and Szechuen, and north-western Kansuh or Tan
FuMARIACEX.
: s Lol Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 108 (1895) ;
Cc. —
209
ribed from a specimen collected in Tibet by Surgeon-Captain
Thorold. It is very closely allied 5 if not identical with, C. mucro-
xifera, Maxim. Fl. 'Tangut. i., p. 51. t. 24, fig. 1 e
Corydalis moorcroftiana, Wall. Cat. n. 1432, Hook. f. Fl, Brit.
"n » p- 125.
fghanistan, North-west India, and West Tibet.
Cereus.
a fladnitzensis, Wulf. ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. i. p 143.
Widely dispersed i in northern alpine and arctic regions
` Capsella Thomsoni, e £i in Journ. Linn. Soc. v., p. 172 (1861) ;
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1,
Karakoram, Ladak, and pou at 17,500 ft., collected by Rockhill.
Dilophia salsa, T. dnd in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v., p. 20 (1853) ;
Hock. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. i.
Ladak, Tian-Schan inti and Amdo, Kansub.
CARYOPHYLLACEJX.
ere apetala, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 437; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. i.,
p.?
Apis Himalaya, mountains of North Europe, v and America,
and arctic regions ; but not reaching the European Alp
Stellaria decumbens, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx., p. 35 (1846);
Hook. f. Fl. Brit. In id. i. p. 234, and var. pulvinata, Edgew. et
Hook. f. loc. cit. p. 255
Alpine Himalaya, ascending to 18,000 ft. in Sikkim.
Stellaria subambellata, Edgew. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. i., $ 233,
Sikkim, Ladak, Nubra, ‘and Karak oram, at 11,000 to 16,000
Arenaria musciformis, Wall. Cat. n. 6401; Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
Ind. i., p. 237.
Alpine ae Karakoram, and Tibet at 15,000 to 18,000 ft.
ç-¥0? Arenaria ({ Alsine) Littledalei, /Hems/.; annu a? pusilla, glabra,
a,
dense ramosa, purpurascens, ramulis arag a A foliis carnosis semiter-
etibus brevibus vix acutis basi membranaceis vel scariosis cupulatim
connatis, floribus minutis axillaribus vel SS ee pedicellatis,
pedicellis fractiferis accrescentibus, sepalis 4 carnosis in margine
scariosis anguste lanceolatis vix acutis erectis viis capsulam conniven-
tibus, petalis nullis, staminibus perfectis sæpius (an semper ?) 2, capsuli
basi 4- valvis , seminibus circiter 8 fees uniculatis lævibus.
Planta sendeloolickria Folia maxima 4 lin. longa. Pedicelli
fructiferi usque ad 8 em longi. Sepala circiter 1 lin. longa eapsulam
excedentia. Semina 45 lin. diametro,
GERANIACE.F.
collinum, Steph.; Willd. Sp. Pl. iii, p. 705; DC.
EOS yP: "p. 642 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1, p. 429.
. Central and Southern Russia in Europe, Afghanistan, Himalayas,
Tr Asia, and Siberia.
210
LEGUMINOS.
Thermopsis "ISI Y Br.in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iii. p..3;
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i., Hemsl. in dun. Linn, Soc. Pets i p. 150.
Central Asia and ists to North Chi
Astragalus strictus, Grah. ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. ii., P. 124.
Widely spread in the Himalayan alpine region and Tibet
Astragalus Siaga indeterminata). This has not been matched
at Kew, but so many species have been described that are not.
represented i in the Herbarium, that it is left undeseribed.
Oxytropis cashmerica, Camb. in Jaquem. is, Bot. p. 38, t. 44 ;
Hook. £., FI. Brit. Ind. iL, p. 139.
Western Tibet and Kashmir.
ROSACEE.
Potentilla fruticosa, Linn. Sp. Pla p. 495 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. ii.,
p. 347.
From the Pyrenees and Great Britain eastward, lan Central Asia
and the mountains of northern India to China a and Jap:
Potentilla fruticosa, Linn. var. pumila, Z. k. f. FI. Ind. ii,
p. 348. Potentilla Lindenbergii, Lehm. in Otto Hainb. “Gali vii.
p.339; Revis. Potent. t. 2.
his very marked form or variety is only known from great elevations
in the Himalayas and Tibet.
-Potentilla bifurca, Linn. Sp. PL, p. 497 ; Hook. f, Fl. Brit. Ind. ii,
p. 353.
Caucasus and Taurus, in high alpine regions, eastward in the
gem ead ‘Central Asia to Mongolia.
SAXIFRAGACE®.
raga tangutica, Engl. in Bull. Acad, St. Pétersb. xxix,
p. 114 Fass),
A very distinct species of which Kew previously possessed specimen
collected by Przewalski in the oe on either side of the Totung
river a little to the north of Koko
CRASSULACEJE.
` Sedum tibeticum, Hook. f. & Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii., p. 96.;
Hook. f. Fl. Brit, Li ii., p. 418.
North-west Himalaya and western Tibet.
oe Sedum ($ Rhodiola) rotundatum, Hemsl. ; glabrum rhizomate
^ crassissimo colorato multicauli, caulibus subcarnosis erectis simplicibus,
internodiis quam folia brevioribus, foliis sessilibus carnosis oblongo
rotunda interdum vere orbicularibus integris vel i
obscurissime lobulatis, cymis parvis paucifloris, floribus (masculinis
tantum visis) rubris parvis, sepalis carnosis brevibus ovato-oblongis
obtusissimis, petalis linearibus obtusis, filamentis filiformis, carpellis
fatuis validis—Hook, Ic. Pl. t. 2469.
, Rhizoma 1 1 poll. crassum. Caules circiter 6 Lam. alti. Folia p poll.
Cym«e fl. masc. vix 6 lin. diametro. — —Ó
PII
Sedum Przewalskii, Mazim. in Bull. Acad. St. Pétersb. xxix.,
Previously only known from the same region as Saxifraga tangutica,
Engl.
Sedum quadrifidum, Pall.
The species of this affinity are “dificult: to identity: from d
specimens, and a satisfactory determination incus involve the exam
tion of a large number of apetemee= t
HALORAGE.E,
Myrio P. verticillatum, Zinn. Sp. Pl. » p. 992; Hook. f. Fl.
Brit. Ind. i
Widely and i in the northern peer ei An America.
UMBELLIFERS. i
Pleurospermum Hookeri, Ga B; Clarke, var. Thomsoni, Hook. f.
Fl. Brit. Ind. ii., p. 705
Western Tibe
eurospermum ? po.
Probably new, but the specimens bear only very young inflorescences,
CAPRIFOLIACES.
Lonicera hispida, Pall. ; t Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii., p. 11; Lonicera
bracteata, Royle Illustr. t. 53.
Himalayas, from Kashmir to Sikkim, Central Asia and Siberia,
Composit,
Aster tricephalus, C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. p. 43; Hook. f. Fl.
Brit. Ind. iii., p. 250.
Previously ‘only known from Sikkim, Himalaya at 13-15,000 ft.
Aster tibeticus, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii., p. 251.
Western Himalaya, Karakoram and Tibet
Aster Bowerii, Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx
Described from small specimens collected by Pr: "Thorold. Mr.
Littledale’s specimen is much more vigorous, and bears ripe achenes, from
which a figure has been prepared for Hooker’s OM RM
t. 2495.
Leontopodium alpinum, Cass., varietates ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii.,
p. 279.
Besides the ordinary M: ne di is abundant in the Himalayas and
or more.
Artemisia Stracheyi, Hook. f. § Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke, Comp.
Ind. p. 164 ; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii., p. 328
Western Tibet, 15,009 to 17,000 ft,
212
eet Willd. Sp. Pl. iii., p. 1832; Hook. f. Fl.
Bái Ind. iii.,
Cancasus, Glboria. Mongolia, North-western India and the adjoining
part of Tibet.
Anaphalis xylorhiza, Sch. Bip. ex Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii +P 981.
Sikkim Himalaya, in the Tibetan region, and Kumaon. It was also
collected by Thorold at an elevation of 15,500 ft
Tanacetum tibeticum, Hook. f. $ pec ex C. B. Clarke, Comp.
Ind. p. 154; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii., p. 3
Western Tibet, Parang and Lanak passes. Also collected by Thorold
in Central Tibet.
ya Senecio (§ Cremanthodium) goringensis, Hemsl. ; perennis,
| nanus, albo-puberulus, caulibus 1-2-foliatis 1—2- cephalis, foliis cras-
siusculis subcoriaceis radicalibus longe petiolatis baie oblongis incon-
spieue calloso-denticulatis — obtusis vel rotundatis basi in petiolum
attenuatis costa crassiuscula venis immersis obsoletis, eapitulis radiatis
cernuis, bracteis involucri SFeiter 20 molliter pubescentibus fere ad
redium connatis vix acutis, floribus radii circiter 20 luteis angustis
bracteas fere dimidio excedentibus, floribus disci numerosis, achzniis
glabris oblongis ut videtur irem ssis sed maturis pappo albo sericeo
corollas tubulosas paullo exceden
Planta 4-9 poll. alta. Folia dim pools 11-2 poll. longa, c ril
poll. lata; petiolis 2-3 poll. longis. Capitula circiter 1} poll. lata
Flores radii cum acheniis circiter 9 lin. longi.
A" Senecio (§ Cremanthodium) Fletcheri, Hemsl.; perennis, nanus,
— is exceptis glaber, caulibus Faniki 1-2-cephalis, foliis crassis
coriaceis vel subcarnosis oblongo-lanceolatis obtnsiusculis basi inter se
vaginantibus calloso-dentatis costa deorsum incrassata avo perpures venis
circiter 12 basi connatis anguste oblongo-lanceolatis vix acutis setuloso-
hirsutis nigrescentibus, floribus radii 12-15 luteis oblongo-lanceolatis
cteas dimidio excedentibus floribus disci numerosis ut videtur apice
— vel purpurascentibus, acheniis glabris oblongis ut videtur
mpressis sed maturis non visis, p> ppo albo laxo fere plumoso sericeo
corollas tubulosas pauilo excenden
Planta circiter 6 poll. alta. Türi den uad ste poll longa et
8-10 lin. lata, caulina minora. Capitula 11-2 poll. diametro Flores
radii cum achznio pollicares. Mia disci circiter phot iat
after Mr. W. Fletcher, who ie uia Mr. and Mrs.
Littledale and took part in the Wort of the expedition
Saussurea Thoroldi, Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 105, t. 5
(1895).
Previously collected by Dr. Thorold, and specimens have recently
en reseived at Kew, from St. Pet tersburg, collected in Zaidam by
i. aie and in Szechuen by Martin
Saussurea subulata, C. B. — Comp. Ind. p. 226; Hook. f.
Fl. Brit. Ted. iii. p. 367.
.. Nubra and Yarkand, at 15,000 to 18,000 ft, and in Tibet by
Dr. Thorold at 17,000 ft.
`- Taraxacum palustre, DC. Fl. Fr. iv., p.45; DC. Prodr. vii,
M8; pondo one Linn. Soc. XXX., p. 137.
: 213
Taraxacum officinale, var. parvula, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii,
01.
Throughout the Himalayas at 10,000 to 18,000; and all over Europe
in montane, — and arctic regions.
PRIMULACE.
Primula rotundifolia, Wall. ex Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii,
p. 18; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind, iii., p. 483.
Himalay as from Kashmir to Sikkim.
Primula purpurea, Royle, Tilustr. p. 311, t. 77, f. 2; Hook. f.
Fl. Brit. Ind. iii., p. 490, sub P. Stuartii.
Upper Sikkim to the north-west Himalaya and contiguous countries.
BoRAGINACEE.
Echinospermum sp,
Specimen too young and meagre for satisfactory determination.
SCROPHULARINEJE.
P rhinanthoides, Schrenk in Fisch. & Mey. Enum.
p- 22; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. iv., p. 314; Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard.
Cale. iii., p. 109, t. 1.
Himalaya Mountains, Western China, ‘Turkestan, Tibet.
Pedicularis Przewalskii, Maxim. in Bull. Acad. St. erbe
xxiv., p. 55 (1878); Mél. Bi ol. x., p. 2 PEE 187, t. 1, f.2; Prain
Ann. Bot. Gard. Cale. iii., p. 120, t
Tibet, Szechuen, and Western aed’
Oreosolen unguiculatus, Hemsl.; species habitu foliisque 0.
Wattti simillima, sed coro lla valde inequaliter bilabiata sat diversa;
abrescens, subacaulis, foliis subrosulatis crassis subcarnosis Heil
rotundatis vel fere orbieularibus inferne subito constrictis subpetiola
grosse crenato-dentatis a basi 5-7-nervis, nervis venisque crassis tats
aem subtus præ Fein conspicuis, floribus paucis in axillis foliorum
subsessilibus, calycis segmentis brevibus fere liberis lineari-oblongi
subacutis, corolla tu gracillimo vere cylindrico labio superiore ungui-
- eulato ifido labio inferiore æqualiter trilobato lobis angustis oblongis
obtusis, staminibus 4 vix exsertis,staminodio brevi subulato | labio ne
prope sinum enato, ovario glabro stylo filiformi stamina superant
Hook Ic. Pl. t. 246
Folia maxima 2 poll. diametro, Flores s pollicares, Corolle
abium superius inferiorem fere duplo supera
LABIATA. ;
decolorans, Hemsl.; fere omnino sericeo-hirs: ta, albida,
caulibus brevissimis adscendentibus, internodiis 2-3 inferi
excedentibus, foliis radicalibus non visis, c
rugosi i
Annani
bract ern ient es ce intus ainei boo | insigniter wm
labio superiore dimidio longiore brevissime tridenta: o, inferiore bifido
214
dentibus omnibus acutis, corollz labio superiore bilobato lobis rotundatis,
labii inferioris lobis lateralibus dentiformibus, staminibus 2 posterioribus
longioribus labium zequantibus, 2 anterioribus vix e tubo exsertis, nuculis
glabris oblongis.— Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 2470.
Caules 2-3 poll. longi. Folia caulina inferiora 3~4 lin. diametro,
_ maxima 1 poll. diametro. Calyz circiter 4 lin. longus. Corolla 8-9 lin.
* longa.
Phlomis rotata, Benth. ev Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv., p. 694.
The inner ranges of Sikkim Himalaya at 13,600 * t collected by
Sir Joseph Hooker, and recently by Dungboo, one of ing’s native
collectors. A singular nn almost exactly like rion a
in habit and foliage.
PorxGoNACEX.
Polygonum ne he tees den A Meissn. Monog. p. 53; Hook. f. FI.
Brit. Ind., v., p. 32; Bot. Mag. 47.
Western Tibet and Gilgit to Sikkim at 11,000 to 15;000 ft.
i Polygonum viviparum, Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 360; Hook. £. Fl. Brit.
nd., v., p.
Widely spread in alpine and arctic regions in Europe, Asia, and
Americ
oe MS. onum (S Aconogon) tibeti cum, Hemsl.; perenne, nanum,
ue glabrum, caulibus erectis gracilibus lignescentibus s pauciram
modi iis quam folia brevioril stip amplis tenvissimis truncatis
vel obliquis cito ad basin fissis, foliis brevissime petiolatis crassis vix
coriaceis obovato-oblongis marginibus (in siceis) recurvis venis immersis
longis hypogynis, disco inter stamina et ovarium carnoso 8-lobato lobis
ovoideis, ovario glabro, paR brevissimis stigmatibus magnis capitatis,
nuce ignota.— Hook. Ic, Pl. t. 2471.
Caules 8-12 poll. alti. Folia cum petiolo 1-14 poll. longa. Cyme
(2 tantum vise) 6-9 lin. diametro. Flores circiter 2} lin. diametro.
Rheum spiciforme, Royle Tllustr., p. 318, t. 73; Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
Ind., v., p. 55.
Af anistan, North-west Himalaya, and a countries.
*
ale’s ipei wipe of a young plant ime in the
this species by Marinowi lez.
URTICACEJA.
hyperborea, Jucq. ex Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Par, ix., p. 68
ioc Hook. f. Fl. Brit. [nd. v., p. 548.
Eastern and southern Tibet, at 12,000 to 17,500 ft.
SALICACE.
4 Salix Lapponum, Linn. Sp. PL, p. A Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iii,
* 617.
u + ecd -— in cold, ee and aniio regions of Europe, Asia,
p 3 215
e Cei CR.
m Caricis, Retz. Fl. Scand. Prod., p. 11; — f. Fl. Brit.
Ind. vi
Europe, West ane Central Asin, and the mountains of North
India
Kobresia sp.
Mr. C. B. Clarke, who 0 kindly examined this and the other Cyperaceæ
in iéttihit n, did not succeed in matching tina in the Kew Herbarium,
but the- fnaterial i is Hardly sufficient fór deseriptio
tulata, Wahl. in Vet. Akad. Nya. Hanil. Stockh., p. 156
(1805); Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vi., p. 734.
Widely spread in the cold regions of the northern hemisphere, and
ranging between 12,000 and 17,000 ft. in the mountains of North
India.
GRAMINEA:
Littledalea, Hemsl. ; Spic parabiles, 2-8 flore, laxe paniculatæ,
graciliter pedicellatæ; -rac hilla inter flores elongata, glabra, jnxta
flores et supra glumas. inferiores-~ ‘alleen flores grandes, herma-
phroditi vel supremo imperfec ecto. Glumz 2 inferiores vacua, in: es,
quam florentes multo minores, ecarinate, obtuse vel truncate, simul
marginate vel erosz, mutica, trinervate, nervis haud excurrentibus
vel
rotundatz, supra medium hyalinz, mutice, ecarinat:, demum erosm,
basi insigniter. callose, 7-nervatz, nervis omnibus vix excurrentibus ;
palea multo minor, bifida, bicarinata. "Stamina 3. Lodi cule 2, tenues,
anguste, oblongs, integra. Styli Apeviemt stigmatibus iato piuinOSis.
aryopsis immatura hirsuta,— Graimen ut videtur perenne, pulchrum,
erectum, foliis planis brevibus. Patiiculs terminalis, angusta, d
sepissime geminatis s pedicellisque capillaribus. Spicule szpe gem
altera minore pedicello breviore.
L. tibética, .; eulmis- Ampli icibus graciliuseulis glabris
levi ribus — (an semper ?) bifoliatis (nodo unico tantum icuo
ternod eriore longissime exserto, vaginis laxis glabris vel
inferioribus paberi superioribus apertis, laminis brevibus li
subacutis valide striatis utrinque puberulis basi appendice A va
utrinque instructis, ligula folii caulini inferioris magna i a vel
demum lacerata foliorum superiorum adnodum redacta, E icc pes
ssepius ceder 4, cum exse pu pureis. a
Spicule maxim» pollica Gluma exterior circiter 3-lin. longa,
secunda m lin. sec Gluma a florens| e lin. longa, aperti 2 lin. ik
Palea circiter 4 lin. longa. . i
Agropyrum iatum, Nees ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram., p. 346.
Throughout the Himalayas at considerable altitudes.
FiricEs.
Pol: ium hastatum, Thunb.; Hook. Sp., Fil.v., p. 74.
Japan, Formosa, Corea, and nearly throughout Chins, It was also
collected by Père David in: Moupine, Eastern Tibet; but Mr,
Littledale's locality i is the most western yet known
216
AGARICINE E.
tinus curtipes, Massee; pileo bees pens bres -lento
pallide 2 luteo centro saturatius colorato e centro radia uamuloso-
maculato margine integro involuto, stipite solido duro sicot pallido hic
pose ren pruinoso ' flavido obtecto, lamellis decurrentibus angustis
dis -luteis acie minutissime crenulato, sporis levibus
hyalinis subspheroideis 1-2-guttulatis 5-65 dia
Pileus 1} poll. diam. Stipes 4—5 lin. emer et 12-3 lin. crassus.
Allied to L. Thwaitesii, B. & Br., Ceylon, but differing in the scaly
pileus, broader gills, and subglobose spores.
Agaricus (Na porta pediades, Fries Epicr., p. 197.
Europe, Central Asia, North America, tropical and South Africa,
Ceylon, South Australia, and New Zealand.
DXXXVII.--CEDAR TREE OF MOUNT MLANJE.
(Widdringtonia Whytei, Rendle.)
A note on the recently discovered native cedar tree of British Central
Africa was published in the Kew Bulletin (1895, p.
timber is described as “ equal to the finest pine and easily worked.” It
is gratifying = find that this valuable and interesting tree is likely to
be carefully preserved in its presentlocalities and also planted in the
neighbourhood of the coffee estates in the Shiré Highlands.
ho following fnrther information respecting it has been communicated
by de Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs:—
Tue FogEtGN OFrcice to porn AL GARDENS, KEW.
Sim, Foreign Office, March 25, 1896.
I am directed by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to
transmit to you, to be laid before the Director, the accompanying copy
of a despatch containing a report on the cedar forests at Mlanje in
British Central Africa.
I
am, &c.
The Assistant Director, H. PERCY ÁNDERSON.
Royal Gardens, Kew.
[ Enclosure.]
Commissioner Johnston to the Marquess of Salisbury.
(No. 151. Central Africa.) The Residency, Zomba,
My Lorp, 31st December, 1895.
Tux following extract from a Report by Mr. John McClounie,
the Forester in the service of the British Central Africa Administration
An charge of the Mianje cedar forests, may be of interest to your
Lordshi
Mr. MeClonnie writes :—
/ I have now been all over the Ruo Plateau, and the Luchenya, the
Likubula Gorge, and the Tuchila Plateaux. The district round the
. source of the Tuchila e: by far the best and most ti mbered pang of the
intain. A few straggling trees are seen near the sources of the Ruo,
nly one | "t = while the Lacoa is a is dotted with cedar 4 aloug
217
ts slopes. The voeem is well wooded, but the forests are almost.
inaccessible. On the plateau round the source of the Tuchila the ground
is covered with pima cedar forests, and may.be estimated at 700 to
would stand at about with an av cubic feet of
timber each. At the present value of 3s. per cubic foot the total value
of these trees would ,0007.; but if this timber was sold as i
gone all over the woods and noticed quantity and quality, these figures.
may be taken as near the mark. It is abundantly in evidence that the
whole of the plateau was at'one time covered with cedar, as in recent
diggings cedar roots were met with where there was no trace of them
on the surface. Without doubt, fire has been the destructive agent, and
it can easily be imagined as the "'under- t gets tall and thick that at
the dry season a gust o wind would fan a flame into an immense con-
flagration, and this cedar wood being aisinat full of ignitible resins,
a large tract of forest would soon disappear. Consequently, there
destruction; which destruction has been so nearly total that this bi a
tree is now only to be met with on the i plateau of Mlanje in damp
places, and along the aes It is no exaggeration to say that five or
six years more delay in the assumption of control ov e remaining
unique conifer which there is abundant evidence to show once inhabited
all the high fermen and plateaux in the southern part of British
Central Afri
pt es present I have cut up nothing but dead wood, Petala in
most cases, is in good seasonable condition. The supply of t mber
yearly might be considerable, and not materially affect the forests for
many years, especially as there are large numbers of young trees
growing up in all the woods which must now be protected from fire.
i have ae porti jp a t quantity of cedar-seed which should
y in to transplant, the ground to be plauted must be
dhospuglly eed sad cleaned to rent ve grass, &c., cat prevent fret,
Possibly this extract from Mr. McClounie’s Report may be of in j
to the authorities at Kew. Ido not forward the whole of the Report
as it deals with other matters, and will be eventually merged in the annual
Report from this office.
I have, &e.
(Signed) H. H. JOHNSTON.
DXXXVIII.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
Mr. THomas James HARRIS, ^ eene - i PE staff a
Kew has bain appointed by the retary o for the Colvin
Superintendent of the King’s House Dude: il Cdi Jamaica. He
left for the West Indies on October 7th last.
R. EUGENE CAMPBELL, trained at the Botanical Gardens, Jamaica,
and latterly Superintendent of King's House Gardens and Grounds
-218
in that island, has been appointed Curator of the Botanic. Station
at Belize, British Heu ras. He was to leave Jamaica for Belize at
the eves of Octo
e will be
experimental cultivation of coffee and cacao and in training native boys
in horticultural work. Mr. Hartley spent a short time at Kew on his.
way to West Africa
ws of the unexpected death on October 9th of the eminent
Pees botanist, Str FERDINAND von MUELLER, reached London
on Oc tober 10th. In this Erin some record should be given of his con-
nection with Kew and his services to the establishment during a period .
of nearly 50 years.
F. Mueller was born at Rostock in 1825, educated at Kiel, and began
his botanieal career by devoting several years to the investigation. of
the Flora of Schleswig-Holst ein. In bi IET of sympto oms of
the announcement. But it may, perhaps, be reputed as a significant
fact that no written communication accompani ied the packet, though it
was addressed in ap own hand. A late ail Sain 19) has brought
further news from him, but no reference to indisposition
In the official correspondence of the period of Sir William Hooker's
torship , the first communication from Mueller is dated
the number of species at 10, 000. He aiso proposed an MAR aca of
ideas, an exchange of plants and seeds, and requested assistance in the
revision and publication of his manuscripts relating to the flora of the
continent. The correspondence thus begun has been continued with
rnal
neeasing outpour of papers, Publ ished in Ee merous vomit and
Cold periodicals, and by many important independent works, to specify
which would fill pages of the Bulletin. From the very beginning of
his career and ae he most liberally supplied Kew with sets of
plants collected by himself on his various journeys, amounting to some
25,000 miles, and by others, at his instigation and often partly at his
expense. His two first consignments, received in the fifties, exceeded
2000 species. The most extended journey he made was as botanist to
- the Gregory Expedition, across North Australia; and his narrative of
oe breue in Zooker's Kew Journal of Botany, vols. viii. and ix., is
. one of his most i nteresting contributions to our knowledge of the vegeta-
ion actual observation, In one of these communica-
Hirira
receive, meres the whole of: the specimens of every
219
rare kind . the plants being so much more useful at Kew
than in Australia." He also expressed a strong desire to be able to
return to Europe and work out his extensive collections at Kew, as
was fully aware that it was impossible to do it pas Le Mee ds in Australia.
This desire was never realised, and when, in 1861, the WS
8, G. Bentham, wit
result known to all. He not uu hag per a work he had set his
heart upon, but cordially assisted Mr. Bentham and transmitted the
whole of-his vast herbarium to Kew for the et n the meantime
he had published i in his Fragmenta and elsewhere a large number of
the novelties in his collections. Seldom a mail SERE without bringing
some contribution from him to the herbarium, museum or garden, In
1857 Mueller was appointed es of the CES Botanie Garden,
a post which he held until 18 en he was superseded in consequence
i he gar
than he could carry into effect, as is exemplified by the fact that nobody
did more to aid and encourage agricultural and horticultural industries
by his pen and his más connection among the botanists and
hortieulturists of all countrie
ust: oses in him one of her most eminent — men, one of
her greatest balinfsctors, and one of those men who effect incalcu
good in a young country. Kew has lost a most valued correspondent
and constant supporter. His services were, however, not confined to
Australia and Kew. India, France, seek m and North America
mt under great obligations to him ntroduction of Australian
trees, especially Eucalypti and been now assuming forest gue
tions; and t rdens the Riviera are la indebted to him for
ga
flowering shrubs from the Antipodes that attract the attention - many
visitors to that winter resort of all Northern Europe.
A note was aimer im the Kew Bulletin (see ante p. 147)
ite the retirement, on account of ill-health, of Dr. TRIMEN,
Dy Dirse of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon. Since then
news of his death has been received in this country with general regret.
He died at Peradeniya on the 16th October in his 53rd year. In
his last letter to Kew, dated August 30, he mentioned that he wrote
lying on his back, after ten pe bed, havin ng am lost à use of his
s. Stil h liy a
done yet.” It appears that he rallied, and struggled on with his work ;
but on the 15th ult. a telegram was received by his brother in England
that he had em: another serious attack, and sixteen hours later his death
was -—
deed was born in Loudon-i in 1843, educated at "cp
Colleges and sorada M.B. in the per iq of ‘London in
devoted himself entirely to botany, and was Lecturer on Botany at St
Mary's Hospital Medical School from 1867 to 1872. In these early
years he was an ardent student of British botany ; took an active part
220
in = Botanical re Club, oe EN jointly with Mr. W. T.
Thiselton-Dyer, a Flora of Middles 1869. He was also the first
he held until the end of 1879, eX he accepted the Directorship of
the Ceylon Botanie Gardens. Between 1875 and 1880 he was —
rofesso
Indeed all his work was of a very thorough and finished duret, the
outcome of patient research, discrimination, and aptitude. It is a pity
that his admirable Handbook of the Flora of Ce Ceylon (see Kew Bulletin,
1894, pp. 34 and 227, and 1895, p. 236) is left ‘unfinished. It will be
most dificult to find a botanist who could complete it on the same lines.
In previous references to his work no mention has been made of the
aladies from which Dr. Trimen suffered during the last few years of
his life, but there is no longer any reason for reticence. Absolute
deafness, and total paralysis of the legs, both of gradual development,
d eee by ot s mmc e dera: xements, were borne
che eriu iast was in ac cord with
his renei vad chara a and kind niable di dispositio:
Botanical — for Uctober..-The Japanese Actinidia polygama,
which is the subject of plate 7497, was drawn from a specimen sent
tus,
Fritillaria nobilis, and Parrotia jacquemontiana were drawn from
plants in the Kew collection. The Lalita, native of the a ee
Islands, has, like other species of the genus, large, ornamental foliag
It was imported by Messrs. Sander, of St. Albans, and a plant was
Se ee by them to Kew. Lathyrus undulatus (better known in gardens
ibthorpii), from the shores of the Dardanelles, is closely allied te
r3 Von yobwr à and Z. latifolius. The Fritillaria is a native of
Armenia, and ae were — to Kew by Mr. Max Leichthen.
Parrotia jac ontiana was raised from seeds received. from Mr.-
que
Robert Ellis, of the Forest Dort, Punjab.
Botanical Survey of India.—An interesting Report of the progress of
the survey has been issued by Dr. King, C.I.E., F.R.S., tne Director.
The most important portion relates to the survey of Northern India,
The táflowing ! is Dr. King's summary of the results :—
The report for the year was submitted by Mr. J. F. Duthie. He did
not himself undertake any exploratory tour during the year; but useful
collecting work was done in Waziristan by means of native collectors.
Part of Mr. Duthie's time was occupied in vet o and naming
| the Forest School. It was not found possible by Government to permit
" E- d ide to ampin, the Pamir Delimitation Commission, and the
WE n nó
was accordingly delegated to Surgeon. |
221
Captain Alcock, I.M.S., who accompanied the expedition as Surgeon
Naturalist. Dr. Alcock brought back a most interesting collection,
which is now being worked up by Mr. Duthie. The result will be
published, I understand, in a volume on the Natural History of the
Pamir Boundary Commission, which it is intended to issue.
Castilloa elastica i in Trin iad Mr. F H. Hart, F.L.S., Superintendent
of x Botanic Gardens at Trinidad, writes :—** We have raised and sold
some 10,000 Castilloa this year, and we have a léntduod in Tobago,
meg one here ready for bleeding."
Minor Industries in Bermuda.—In the Report for 1895, on the
Colony of Bermuda [Colonial Reports, Annual, 1896, No. 166], the
following partieulars are given respecting its cultural industries :—
The principal exports to the United States were fenes valued at
44,4241., a decrease compared with the preceding year of 990/., an
compared with 1893 a decrease of 15,4467., lily bulbs, erst at 28,3701;
an increase compared with the precedi ng year of 11,248/., and potatos,
26,495/., an increase of 7,7780.
The decrease in value of the onions exported during 1895 was due to
a fall in price in the New York market, the igs ‘having been much
larger t than that of the prec eding year. In the case of potatos the
may be accounted for 5y the larger crop del and in the case
of | lily lily bulbs the increase wes due partly to better prices and partly to
larger crops.
Director of Agriculture, Zanzibar.—In the Kew Bulletin for the
current year (pp. 80-36), some account is given of th er rene state
enterprise on the east coast of a. As will be seen rag
the following communication an important step has now been taken by
the Government of Zanzibar in the appointment of a Director of
Agriculture :—
DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE, ZANZIBAR, to ROYAL GARDENS, Kew.
H. H. The Sultan of Zanzibar’s
Government eae Zanzibar,
DEAR Sir, October 1, 1896.
Tur Government ét Zanzibar have decided to appoint a Director
of Agricolan and have selected m
object in creating the poit is rd improve, where possible, ^
. nehod under which the aene of the country is now carried o
and to endeavour by experiment to discover some new product that ia
to a certain extent take the place of cloves. The Government desire that
the work so admira rably begun by Sir John Kirk when he was Consul
General there, and since Hep may - continued.
I am, ME
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M. rt &c., R. N. LYNE.
Director, Royal Gardens, Kew
u 94127. C
222
Mr. Robert Nunez Lyne, obtained a diploma and first class honours in
the Canterbury Agricultural College, University of New Zealand; he
has held the posts of Lecturer on Agriculture and Botany, Wellingore
Hall Agricultural College (near — ws Lecturer on Agriculture
under the Lincolnshire pomi Council. He is a member of the Royal
Agricultural Society of Englan
Chinese Liquorice.—In reference to the article in the Kew Bulletin
(1894, pp. 141-146) Dr. Bretschneider draws attention to the par-
ticulars respecting s7 — drug published by him in -a Botanicon
Sinicum (Part iii., p. 1
Liquorice, places of "—— :—Chili, Shantung, Shensi, Kans
Newchwang exported in 1885 to other Chinese ports 1767 piculs, Tientsin
exported 4576 pieuls, Chefoo exported 8690, Hankow paced
In 1882 I sent some specimens of Chinese liquorize root em
Shansi to Dr. Flückiger, who in the second edition of his Pharmocog-
noste un 355) writes that -— is not able to distinguish it from Spanish
liquorice of the first quality
The liquorice root used in medicine in Europe is derived from
-Giycyrrhiza glabra, L., indigenous in Southern Europe. The typical
form of this supplies the Spanish liquorice, which is eonsidered to be
‘The variety
the best. glandulifera, which grows in Hun ngary and
South Russia, yields dern Russian 1i liquorice ; his is aiso derived ` —
G. echinata, L. i E
Loureiro (F7. Cochin., dee states that Chinese roa x is
yielded by G. echinata and glabra of the northern provinces of China.
- my Karly wp: [A Fl. China, p. 145.)
ge (Enum. Pl. Chine Bor., 97) Bpod G. glandulifera Tom
the i hDNER of Peking and the Great Wal
Przevalsky ( Mongolia, Tangut, &c., Engl. edition 1, 191) states that
the root of G. uralensis, Fischer, one of the characteristic plants of the
y the Chi
Dates.—In reference to the notes on Date Cultivation iv Australia
(Kew Bulletin, 1895, pp. 161-2) and Antigua (1895, pp. 26-28) the
following brief account of what may iR considered the normal growth of
the tree will be useful for comparison :
bed from the Report for the year 1894-95 on the Trade of the
an Consular Distrie ty F orman. Beluchistan (o. 1896,
Ai Series, No. 1671; p. 7
Dates grow to great aa in many parts of the country, notably .
at Pahraj and Fanoch. The output could be easily doubled by planting
fresh palm groves.
é
223
summit of the tree. dem the S of the sun they become hard and
dry, thus being easily packed, The lower branches remain soft, and
are kept for local consumption. -
Tulip-tree Wood for Cigar boxes.—The following note appears in
Garden and Forest, for January 29th, 1896 (p. 50) :—
* Formerly Cuban and domestic cigar boxes were all made from the
wood of the Spanish Cedar, a species of West Indian Cedrela, but now
the demand for boxes to hold e cheap domestic cigars is so great in this
country that other. woods, stained to resemble Spanish Cedar, are
largely used for the purpose. e wood of the Tulip Poplar, Liris-
dendron tulipifera, is considered the best of the North American woods
r this purpose, although chestnut, butternut, elm, basswood, and
cottonwood have been tried. Cigar boxes are also now very largely
ade in the United States with veneers of Spanish Cedar cut in
thicknesses of from eighty to one hundred add twenty sheets to one inch,
and mounted on cheap American woods like cottonwood o r basswood."
A new Brazil wood.—Cesalpinia bicolor, C. H. Wright, is a
ns
diameter. The branches are scantily armed with thorns, the
leaves are bipinnate with eight to 12 alternate ovate-emarginate leaflets ;
flowers red- purple with a flat broad pod, 2 M long and about an
inch wide, containing five seeds. specimens in the Kew Herbarium
are from Chachapoyas as in Pert collected by Lobb from Vitor, collected
d
first specimens from the latter were received in 1869. They were then
recognised as probably new; but it was only in pem. 1895
adequate material was received for a description (see Kew Bulletin
1896, p. 22). Accompanying this. Mr. White foFsarded the following
“A Cesalpinia ree a very fine Brazil wood, said by Prof. Oliver
to be undescribed. e dye from this wood was ascertained by the
late Daniel Hanbury to be superior to that yielded by the best
Pernambuco Brazil wood."
In the Guide to Museum I. p. 55, it is stated that * Peach Wood,
and Lima Wood (dye w. dpi are usually attributed to
echinata. The vom rees of these woods are, however, not
satisfactorily known. Authentic specimens réf leaves and flowers would
be valuable." It is possible therefore Spm in Cesalpinia bicolor we have
a source of one of the above w t yet recognised. Mr, White has
en as to forward specimens "of the wood for the Museums of
Economic Botany at Kew, and on the arrival of these, their value for
dye purposes will then be "tested.
224
New seem of treating the Vanilla Pod.—A communication, dated
22nd May last, has been received at the Foreign Office from Mr
ee Sewn Her Majesty’s Consul at Réunion, inclosing extracts
from the In dépendant Créole of Réunion, containing a paper read by
M. Dolabartz, Manager in Réunion of the Crédit Foncier Colonial, at a
recent meeting of the Réunion Syndicat Agricole upon a new process
ofü treating ie vanilla pod :—
According to M. Dolabartz the operation consists of drying the
es vessel,
. According to [d mene received, 2:981 kilogs. of raw vanilla will
ed v;
uce about a kilog. of prepared vani
kn 1 be easil PR ia that vanilla dried in an air-tight vessel
must lose much less vanilline E vs dried by the ordinary process,
by which it is exposed in the open air for several weeks. (Board of
Trade Journal, August 1896.)
ROYAL R KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
No. 120.] DECEMBER. [1896.
DXXXIX.—A RETROSPECT, 1887-C6.
he completion of the tenth annual volume of the Kew Bulletin has
made it desirable to publish a detailed index to the whole series.
the number of volumes has increased it has become more difficult to find
the information they may contain on any particular subject
The opportunity may be taken to pass in review briefly the more
important subjects which have been treated. This will have the more
pra est as the period covered has been ore is more than usual activity
n the development of our tropical possession
Kew, from its first establishment as a national institution in 1841,
regarded as insufficient, and a demand arose for the npt publication
for general use of any information likely to be of service to those engaged
in colonial pursuits. With this object the first number of the Bulletin
was issued in January 1887. But it was also intended to serve another
purpose. When public attention is engaged by any paiticular eer
enquiries about it are numerous. ‘To sa all there is to be said about it,
members of the general E interested in planting or agricultural
business in India and the colon
On March 18, 1887, the First Commissioner of Her Mao s aim
ons
5
* Pane Mie originally intended to be “ eceasional.” It has
been found practically possible to keep up an absolutely artes
onthly issue. This, however, has been approached as nearly as
circumstances would allow,
e original intention was to contine the Bulletin to colonial and
commercial information. The suggestion of a larger scope having been
1375.—8,97. Wt. 192. A
226
raised in Parliament, especially with regard to reports on expeditions,
the materials collected i which had been entrusted to Kew , to notices
sd Ed plants or objects received and the important plants sent.
; Mr. Plunket further decided that the “ Bulletin should
made the vehicle of all printed matter suitable for its pages, w which
it is desirable to issue from” Kew. Asa sequel the Bulletin became,
what it remains, a visas record of Kew work in all its various.
aspects.
Boranic STATIONS.
The establishment and development of the institutions known as.
Botanic Stations Doonan almost entirely to the period under review.
These stations were first suggested in 1885 to meet the special require-
ments of the smaller islands in the West Indies ( K.B., 1887, June 1-12)
where “a great want was felt for reliable information on the culture of
new economic plants and plain practical hints as to the best means
to be employed for rendering them of the greatest value” (p. 7).
This information was intended to be supplied by a regular system of
gardening and capable of showing experimentally the conditions under
which tropical economic plants might best be utilized as objects of
remunerative industry.
The scheme met with th rd approva: £ we i Earl of Derby, and has
EE ditate of fea wo. "Working have devolved Ad on Kew, which has
been ario drawn upon for men, plants, advice, an information n.
'The first Botanic Stations were started at Grenada and Pithados in
x These were soon followed by similar stations at St. Lucia (1889),
Dominica and other islands in the Leeward Group (1889), St. Vincent
(1890), and afterwards at British ko pias (1894). There are now
nine stations in all in the West Indi
The Grenada station was established on a spot just outside the town
of St. George, described by the Governor asa “ good site, well watered,
accessible, and apparently suitable in every way.” ‘The first grant was
300/., with a further sum of 1,0007. towards establishing ena laying out
the eim and providing a house for the curator. ' jects of this
garden were stated as follows: **'To introduce and distribute plants of
grent economie value, to supply practical uice reponi new and
promising industries, and to develop and improve existing minor
industries” (K.B., 1887, June 12). An account ‘of the catered station
at St. Vincent, established on the site of the old botanic garden that
existed from 1765 to 1823, was given with a drawing of the curator’s
house (K.B., 1892, 92). Several en are made to the excellent
work done at the Botanic Garden at Dominica, which promises to be
one of the most attractive and useful in the West Indies (K.B., 1893,
148).
following the example of the West Indies, there have been estab-
lished five Botanic Stations on the West Coast of Africa, The earliest
. was started at Lagos by Sir Alfred Moloney in 1888 ; the next at Aburi
on ad Saat | Coast, t which Sir W. Brandford Griffith took a deep
. perso 1890. Since then stations have been established
both at vatis "Gambia uie in the Niger Coast Protectorate (1891), and
. At Sierra Leone (1895). A further station has been established in Fiji
* Dy the torts of Sir John Tomt (1889). The results attained by
227
these Botanic Stations have been so promising that a strong wish has
been expressed by the local authorities to obtain similar institutions at
Bermuda, Bahamas, and the Seychelles.
Fruit TRADE.
One of the most ghee: therein in Colonial enterprise in
recent years has been the increasing trade i nfruit. Jamaica led the way,
largely owing to the okontre Sitas of the fate Sir Anthony Musgrave,
by supplying the United States with bananas and oranges that hitherto
had had no local commercial value. The Jamaica fruit trade is now of the
alle number of vessels wholly engaged in it. The trade in fruit between
the Southern Colonies of the Old World (the Cape and erie and the
mother country, is another instance of commercial activity in
direction. It is not yet ten years old, but the value of the ee annually
imported is very considerable. The first steps in this direction were
undertaken on the suggestion of Kew, and led to the excellent display of
fruit made at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in 1886. ‘This showed
fi to this country during the winter months tha nsiderable
effort was made to establish what is now regarded as e.
rt an im t
In the Bulletin for the years 1887 and 1888 will be found a summar
of information not accessible in any other form in regard to the capabili-
ties of various parts of the Empire for the pr oduction of fruit. This was
brought together through the aid of reports obtained by the Seeretary
of State for the Colonies, and is still the most tM MÁS source of
information on the subject. The efforts now being made to ship various
tropical fruits from the West Indies direct to this country is another
direction in which great results may ultimately be attained. The
popular taste for the consumption of bananas is increasing. It has been
shown that many such fruits can ve brought to the home country in a
fresh een and find a ready m
rmation is also given respecting certain kinds that have been
introduced with the aid of Kew m ihe aa st to the East Indies
Supp
of hill voie in India and Ceylon. On the other hand new i pnus
of ban and maugoes, the Durian and E. Mangosteen have bee
eastern él fr om Bis Hast’ to the West Indie
DECADES KEWENSES.
Under the title of “ Decades Kewenses " descriptions of plants new to
science have reached the thirtieth decade. These are based on
specimens contributed from every region on the earth’s surface from the
extreme heights of Tibet fe the shores of the remotest islet in the
Pacific Ocean. Further, owing to the increased impulse to exploration
and commercial enterprise in Tropical Africa, it was thought desirable
to publish at row. but in a separate series, brief diagnoses of new
species, This has been done in the “ Diagnoses Africanze " (1894 to
1895).
Fronas.
Besides these the vegetation of special regions investigated at Kew as
the result of collections communicated by expeditions and travellers,
A 2
228
appear under numerous headings as the Flora of the Solomon Islands
(K.B., 1894, 211; 1895, 132, -189); of ere Islands ( K.B., 1894,
146); of Formosa (K.B. 1896 65); of St. Vincent and adjacent
3
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arini of the Gambia ( B3 , 1889, 242) ; Hecitanaié Plants i
. 1890, 200); Agricultural resources of Zanz
CK. B., 1892, 87) ; Economie plants of Sierra Leone e (K.B., 1893, 167) ;
and Plant industries of Lagos (K.B., 1893, 180).
A
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Oncurps.
The cultivation of orchids is one of the most prominent features of
English Soeticultare. Every part of the world is ransacked for them
by collec Of no family of plants have more species been got
together x ú a livin state d in no country are a greater number
ipd the late Dr. Reichenbach, Professor of Botany at Hamburg,
as the acknowledged authority for their nomenclature. On his death
inl 1889 vigorous publie pressure was brought to bear on Kew to take up
his work. This was done, though not without difficulty, in addition to
pet other es and in 1891 the ee of technical descriptions of
w species was commenced. Twe decades of * new orchids ” have
beat published i in the Bulletin.
HORTICULTURE.
Of hor —— interest a list enumerating 766 species and varieties
-of orchids that flowered at Kew during "the year 1890 has been
p "UC B 1891, 52), affording useful information as to the
me and duration of the flowering period of orchids cultivated in this
country. The highest number of species vibe in one month was 125
in May; the lowest was 85 in Jan nuary. Some species, as for instance
Cypripedium longifolium, d ee 15, and Odontoglossum
erispum, were in flower all through the ye:
- The cultivation of tropical d sub- batiad plants on the Riviera
-was described (K.B., 1889, 287), with notes on the principal palms, —
cycads, bamboos, agaves, and other succulent plants. To this was added
o
ed. further contribution was made to this subject
paper written by Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., on the agaves and
by a
arborescent liliaccze on the Riviera (K.B., 1892, 1). As few botanists
have attended much to these plants it has been very difficult for
cf cultivated Riviera plants is also of value to Kew, as it assists in the
interehange or purehase of new and desirable specimens — for
the establishment.
An important paper on horticulture and arboriculture in the Unite d
States, prepared by the curator, Mr. G. Nicholson, A.L.S., whilst on a
| visit, as a judge in horticulture at the Columbian Exposition at Chicago
El (K.B.,. 1894, 37), has rendered it possible to obtain a more complete
represen ntation of the trees and shrubs of the United States in the
ate
229
Arboretum of the Royal Gardens, and has brought before horticulturists
in this count ost inm plant s that had not hitherto received
the MEE mes deserved. Nearer home, a paper on Horticulture in
Cornwall (K.B 1893, 7355), affords a fairly representative picture of
the possibilities of Cornish horticulture, where, owing to the mildness
of the climate, types of the vegetation of New Zealand “and the Himalaya
do better even than under glass at Kew. The “cultivation of vegetables
for market” and the possibilities of market t gardening in c at Britain
(K.B., 1895, 307) discusses an important economic pro
mong other horticultural subjects dealt with are the storing of
home-grown fruit (K.B., , dl, with an illustration of a fruit room),
and a detailed account of the prune industry in France and California.
PLant DISEASES.
The diseases of cultivated plants is a subject on which the aid of
w is frequently sought on behalf of Colonial Governments by the
Secretary of State for the Colonies. The Hei ir of fungoid.
diseases = demands considerable time and attention on the part
of members of the Kew staff, while those caused by insects render it
nece: to secure the assistance of spec ualifie rts to
courtesy this establishment is greatly indebted. The
that have affected the sugar-cane in the West Indies, Queen
Mauritius have been described in a series of important articles SEATIE
over several years (1890-96) whilst diseases sueh as those affecting
arrowroot in St. Vincent, bananas in Fiji, cocoa-nut in British
Honduras, coffee in Tt Africa, onions in Bermuda, wheat in
Cyprus, pe pper in Mysore, potatos in India, vanilla in the Fershelios
have also been eus dealt with. Of considerable pies value
articles on the preservation of grain from weevils 1890,144), Kod
on the well-known plant m alady called ** anbury and e * finger and toe,"
which attacks turnips (K.B., 1895, 129). It is shown that free acid
present in the soil is favourable to the disease, while a free alkali is
unfavourable.
r
A
FIBRE PLANTS.
The large and increasing interest. taken in fibre plants and
Tein references made to this establishment on the subject, idared
it desirable to place within reach of cultivators in India and the
Colonies a summary of information respecting them. This is contained
in a series of articles begun in 1887 and continued with more or less
hc Sane ity to the present time. "The total number amounts to about 70.
might be expected, those of chief importance relate to Sisal hemp and
Hle, or China grass, subjects whieh have received much attention in
various parts of the Empire. rticles are of value, not only
actual demand, and yielding remunerative Scere: ut in preventing:
to be use
expenditure upon these that are known
Many fibres have been traced to the plants yielding them for the first
For instance, the Mexican whisk, or iz acaton, Was
identified, from specimens communicated by the Foreign ce, ns
t of a species of Æ "pcs, a grass distributed over the ER
e root
of Mexico. The plants yielding the fibre called Istle, used, not for
making, but as a substitute for animal bristles in the aanita of
cheap nail and scrubbing brushes, were found to belong to a group
230
of Agaves with short leaves, of which Agave heteracantha, Zucc., is the
type. The first information respecting African bass, a fibre obtained
from mig bee vinifera, was published in the Kew Bulletin (K.B.
1891, p. 1). This is now a regular article of export from our African
Colonies ; and the same ee may be said of the bass fibre obtained from
he Palmyra palm in Ceylon (K.B., 1892, 148), and of Madagascar
Piassava yielded by a new species of Dict; yosperma (K.B., 1894, 358).
A continuous account of the hemp industry in Yucatan, and of the similar
industry lately started in the Bahamas, is given over the whole period.
The origin of the white-rope fibres which appeared in commerce ^
Bombay aloe fibre, and as Manila aloe fibre, have been traced to Agav
vivipara, a New "World species now naturalised and fairly ibündént
in many parts of the East Indies (K.B., 1893,
The recent attempts to extract and to utilise the valuable fibres
contained in the China grass (Boehmeria nived), and Ramie or Rhea (B.
tenacissima), have been placed on record in a series of articles which have
een of considerable service to manufacturers in this country end also
to our planting Colonies. The habitsand requirements of the plants and
the conditions necessary for their successful cultivation have been
carefully discussed.
RUBBER PLANTS.
The np - Maa fate plants has resulted in drawing
attention not only t ources of supply, but in increasing the
quantity available for odes purposes. ‘The remarkable rubber
known as a source of commercial rubber. e os rubber industry in
two years developed into an export value of nearly 400,0007. A somewhat
similar industry had been started on the Gold ‘Co ast by the efforts
of Sir
Alfred Moloney, with exports in 1893 of the value of 218,1627. Practically
all the more important sources of commercial rubber are reviewed, while
particulars respecting new rubber plants such as Forsteronia gr acilis in
British Guiana, F. floribunda in Jamaica, and imer um glandulosum in
the United States of Columbia are also given. It may be added that
information is desired by this establishment ee the plants
yielding the Esmeralda rubber of Guiana (K.B., 189 e Sib and that
exported from Matto-grosso in Brazil. There is a doubt as to the dis-
tinction, if any, existing between caoutchoucs yielded siccam by
the Uie and Tuno trees of Central Ameri ne ual
referred to Castilloa elastica, but botanical specimens are necessary
of each tree to definitely decide the point,
SPECIAL ARTICLES.
,
red ie dap! tea, or maté, so argely consumed as a beverage in
South America (K.B., 1872, igs vauilla-yielding plants cultivated
in Goia] ehn ( K. B., 1895, 169) ; the plants ie, Sisal hemp,
(K.B., 1892, 21) ; the timber of the Straits Settlemen s (K.B., 1890,
'These include the results of investigations made at Kew into plants
b À
893, "8
St. Vince nt CK B., 1893, ire ; ^ bdo Labiatæ (K.B., 1894, 10);
Canary rosewoods (K. B., 1893, 133) ; American ginseng (K. + 1893;
231
71); palm weevil in British Honduras (K.B., 1893, 27); and sheep
bushes and salt bushes (K.B., 1896, 129). In addition several articles
ce, érh tea is made into balls as big as
an's head, or into cakes; c eniti or tablet tea is Herriek
from tea dust by steam machinery, while a es form known as brick
tea is used in Chinese Mongolia and Tibet. o tea is not dd for
making an infusion, but prepared wholly for. thence purposes.
pickled tea, called Leppett tea, is eaten as a preserve with other articles.
The white tea of Persia has been shown to consist of the undeveloped leaf-
buds of China tea thickly coated with fine hairs giving them a silvery
appearance. A singular bever sa TI as Faham tea is prepared in
Mauritius from the leaves of an gp tpe Jr s) (KB,
1892, 181). This is described as ca and a digestive ; it
is even recommended in diseases of the reapinatoty shades The leaves
themselves mixed with ordinary tea impart to them an extremely
pleasant perfume.
The discovery of seedling sugar-canes at Barbados (K.B., 1889, 242)
has rendered it practicable to raise new serviceable varieties, and probably
to improve the yield of this dee plant, A seedling raised at eon
yielded eee results in Queensland, and has been largely propagated
under the n of * Kewensis " (K.B., 1896, 167). The possibility of
preparing a palatable butter from the oil of the cocoa-nut
230), is an instauce of the advance made in the chemistry of familiar
vegetable products. Canaigre (K.B., 1890, 63) will probably prove a
perfectly useless. Amongst new economic plants should be mentioned
Coffea stenophylla, the highland coffee of Sierra Leone ( K.B.,
189) which in certain localities may prove a formidable rival of the
Arabian coffee.
The publication of a note on Jarrah timber ( K.B., 1890, 188) has led
to the extended use of this and similar Australian hard woods for the
purpose of paving the carriageways of London streets instead of the
cheaper but less durable white pine. The collections of Australian
timbers in Museum III. were of special service in this direction.
A paper on Watural Sugar in Tobacco (K.B., 1896, 49-55) recorded
some sae facts of great novelty and interest, ‘and solved an important
fiscal prob
Dnucs.
Many little-known drugs have been investigated. The seeds of
Sophora secundi hn have a dtm use among the Indians of Lene
where they are taken as an in ntoxieant. Half a seed is said to p
exhilaration followed by sleep hindin two or three days (K.B. "1892,
Derris elliptica, now growing in the MCTHL House at m yields
the alayi fish poison known as “Aker Tuba” (K.B., 2, 216).
From the account given of Natal Aloes and a the plants asi to
yield this product (K.B., 1890, 163) it appears that it differs in some
important respects from the more commonly known Cape Aloes. ‘The
of the plant, also in the id igit ni yielding the true Star
Anise of commerce is noticed (K.B., 173). e manufacture of
quinine in India and the wide Steine at a nominal price of this
valuable medicinal agent amorgst the natives (K.B. 1890, 29) is one
-232
of the most im services which European rule has rendered to
the Indian Em Paraguay Jaborandi (Pilocarpus) | is discussed
(K.B., 1891, 179) from materials sent to this coun ntry by H.M.’s
chargé d'affaires at Buenos Ayres in 1881. The origin “of myrrh and
frankincense is discussed in considerable detail (K.B., 1896, 86), while
ce ham authentic information Hecate et Reg whence Siam Benzoin
m Benjamin of commerce i obta s the subject of another
artike (K.B., 1895, 154). Next deren Been Siam Gamboge is
the most interesting of —À oda ( K.B., 1895, 139). "The
peculiar Ai Camphor prepared in China from a shrubby co mposite, a
Med s of Bina, s dauid (with a plate) from mee an supplied
by Dr. Augustine Henry (K.B., 1895, 275). ‘The plants yielding the
oca, var. nov
suited for ns seis at a lower elevation than c S. 'The little-
known Iboga root of the Ga and ca of t acp. or
` tonic pioperties,. is traced to Tabernanthé [boga, Baill. (K.B., 1895, 37) ;
the tree yielding the Ipoh poison of the Malay peninsula i is identified
with that yielding the Upas poison of Java CK. B., 1891, 24), but the
remarkable point is brought out that while in "Java the Upas tree
(Antiaris toxicaria) furnishes a very effective arrow poison, in the
Malay peninsula tho juice of what is regarded as an identical species
is apparently innocuous and the defect is remedied by the use of
arseni
Foop QRAINS.
series of articles on the Food Grains of India by Professor
Fe H. Chureh, F.R.S. (1883 to 1893), supplements the information
contained in his published handbook on the same su ject. The materiai
for these investigations were supplied from the Museums of the Royal
ardens.
MISCELLANEOUS Notes.
In 1891 a series of ip eee notes wa3 begun in which were
récorded appointments on the v staff as well as those made on the
recommendation of Kew by the peau Seeretaries of State to
Colonial and Indian Botanical Gardens. The notes also included a
record of contributions made to the piden. herbarium, and museums,
‘daily work of the establish cnt. Tater there were added parayraphs
on general economic subjects too short to appear as separate articles.
The detailed index now published will afford the means of reference to
‘these scattered notices.
APPENDICES.
The Appendices remain to be noticed. Of these three have been
regularly issued at the end of each volume since 1891. Pr diaeta the
information contained in them had appeared as one of the monthly
numbers of the Bulletin. (1) Lists of seeds of hardy berbeiséóüs
. and of trees and shrubs offered in exchange by Kew to Colonial, Indian,
|. 'and Foreign Botanical Gardens ; (2) Lists of new garden plants annually
2 —— in botanical and horticultural publications. Thes
233
` indispensable to the maintenance of a correct nomenclature in the —
. botanical establishments in correspondence with Kew, and afford in
- tion respecting new plants distributed from this establishment in regular
course of exchange with other botanic gardens; (5) Lists of the staffs
of the Royal Gardens, Kew, and of botanical establishments at home
aud in India and the Colonies in correspondence with Kew.
In Appendix III., 1890, will be found a complete index to the Reports
| the Royal G rom 1862
to 1882. This index is useful as a means of easy reference to the
numerous notices respecting economic and other plants.
CORRECTIONS.
varied a range of subjects some amount of error, it is hoped no
considerable, doubtless exists. few statements which brick
research have shown to be probably erroneous must be ected.
The case of poisoning from Turnsole roii tinctoria)
described in K.B., 1889, 279-280, was in all probability not due to that
plant, but to Datura Stramonium.
The source of the well-known Chinese preserved ginger, which in
Lm B., 1891, 5, was attributed to Alpinia Galanga, ultimately appeared
o be, as pointed o: out in K.B., 1892, 16, the ordinary commercial plant,
Zing iber officinale. Some mistake had been made Td in the
ant transmitled to Kew as ea the rimis pro
The figure of a Alusa given in K.B., 189 247, ns Mia Fehi may
be identical with that species. But all ^ei is certain about itis that
it represents M. Secmanni of Baron von Mueller.
DXL.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
Botanical Magazine for November.— The following plants, all
cultivated at Kew, are figured: Cycnoches Haagii, lihodo - p ron
serpyllifolium Pentstemon azureus, Haw orthia xiphiophylla, and
Acantholimon venustum. The ycnoches is the fifth species to “which
a plate of the “ Botanical Magazine” has been given. It is a native of
Brazil, and was communicat ted to Kew by E. S. Rand, Esq., of Para.
The Rhododendron, native of Japan, is a very small- flowered species
closely allied to R. indicum var. amenum. The plant from which
wing was made was purchased in 1895. The Californian
en
University. The Haworthia, a new species from eu Colony,
flowered for the first time at Kew in April of this
received from Mr. C. Howlett, of Uitenhage. The ‘Acantholimon has
been growing in the Rock Garden for several years. It is a UT
of Asia Minor. The only other s ves od WA in Eng B
glumaceum, is figured in "Moore and * Magazine of Botany,’
Vol. II., p. 161, a | fact overlooked in the 4 Botanical Magazine
234
Completion of the Flora of British India.—With the exception of
2 general index, now almost ready for the press, this great work has been
brought to a conclusion by the issue of the 22nd part, containing the
remainder cf the grasses. Sir Joseph Hooker will receive the con-
gratulations of all botanists on — of a task to which he has
devoted the greater part of the last quarter of a century, to say nothing
of previous years of travel and preliminary labour. It would not be too
much to say that it has occupied the best part of 50 years of his life, as
he left England for India in 1847. The entire work will consist of
seven octavo volumes, averaging 775 pages each, including the general
index of about 42,000 names. "The grasses alone number 850 species,
belonging to 150 genera, and, as nit bee + mentions before, the
synonymy is perhaps more copious and ues ed than that of any other
amily. Owing to the wide distribution of most of the genera, and many
of the species of nd = volume treating of them has a general as
well as a special v
Annals of t he Royal Botanic —— Caleutta.—'The second part
of the fifth and the entire seventh volume have just been issued
mienne The former consists of désertdutis ker figures of “a
century of new and rare Indian plants" by P. Brühl, of the Baal
Educational Service, and Dr. G. King, superintendent of the Calcutta
garden, Mr. Briihl is favourably known to botanists by his De
Ranunculaceis Indicis Disputationes, and his part in the present work
consists wholly of Ranunculacee ; not new species, it is true, but a
very careful elaboration of the critical forms of old species. optis
ospriocarpa is the only one described as new. ‘Twenty-seven plates are
devoted to this part. Dr. King's niin mainly of interesting novelties
deseribed in his Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula, an
belonging to the hes Violacee, Ponce, Guttifere, Dipterocarpea,
and Artocarpee,
The seventh WOltitie of the Annals is a fully illustrated monograph
of the Bambusee of British India, by J. S. Gamble, Conservator of
Forests. Mr. Gamble has been working at Indian bamboos for some
years, and his monograph is an immeuse advance on previous knowledge
of this important group. The account of the Bambusee in Hooker’s
Flora of British a was “drawn up almost verbatim” from it.
One hundred and fiftee ecies are described (increased to 117 in the
Flora of British India), belonging t o 15 genera, including one new one.
Only a few species of bamboos flower annually, and in most s species the
flowering seasons come ve at long intervals. Mr. Gamble gives all
the information it was possible to — on this and other points, but
adds that there is much yet to be learnt.
235 -
ERRATA IN THE PRESENT VOLUME.
Page 28, line 23 from top ed 13,588 à ee; 588.
lin de ersight the contents of the
tanical Magazi e for Docittper refer to the issue of that
boith for 1895 mes not to 1896
Page 31, vm E from top, for Cheradzulu s Chiradzulu.
line 20 from top, for genius €
fine 2 ean bottom, for meuse caw mense.
Page 32, line 7 from top, for Basse read Bosse.
Page 159, line 16 from top, for tenuisculis read tenuiusculis.
Page 161, line 35 from top, for bilocularis read bilocularibus,
Page 168, line 19 from top, for abio read labio.
Page 164, line 18 from top, for tuberis fusiformibus read tubera
fusiformia.
Page 165, line 19 from the top, for scansdens read scandens.
Page 167, line 10 from top, for communi read communes.
Page 213, line 11 from Dess ded abium read labium and for
inferiorem read inferiu
Page 216, line 6 from top, for M cds read crenulatis.
236
I
NDEX.
— —
A.
Abbott, Dr. W. L, Aldabra
Islands dried n 1894, 146.
Abraham's Oak, 1893, cire
Abrus precatorius, 1890, 1
Abutilon Avicenne, 1891, 250 ;
1896, 74.
-— - hemp i in China, 1891, 250.
— molle, Baker , 1895,
— Ranadei, Woodrow Stapf,
1894, 99. .
Acacia ipti 1887, Sept., 7
— Angico, 1888,
— Catechu, 1887, Seni. 20; 1891,
1;
—-— decurrens, dus: Sept., 6.
Acanthorhiza aculeata, 1892, 310.
Acanthosicyos horr ida, 1894, 166.
Acer saccharinum, 1
Achilus, Hemsl., gen. nov.,
Hemsl.,
ie
1895,
— siamensis, 1895, 39,
Achyrcspermum urens, Baker,
Acidanthera xquinoctialis, 1898,
Acrocephalus lagoensis, Baker,
1895, 152.
Acrostichum (Elaphoglossum)
1 42.
Actinidia polygama, 1896, 220
den barilla, 1891,
— senna, 1852, 151.
Adenium micranthum, Stapf,
1894, 334.
Adonis amurensis, 1896, 186.
Æchmea (Ho henbergia) micro-
Baker, 18
—_ e Nicholleii Ba-
ker, 1892, 1
Aérides platychilum, Rolfe, 1893,
G4.
Affon tree, 1894, 359.
Africa, Brit. Central,
vetet n 1895, 186.
—, neni ‘disease, he
-€— iSi, 1893, 361
—; tanical enterprise in.
1896, 80.
--, +, German East, 1894, 411; 1896,
hatanical
— —, coffee-leaf disease in,
~ 1894, 412.
—, , South, Botanic gardens, 1895,
——, _, ferns of, 1893, 69.
— —, Phy lloxera, 1859, 230.
—- —, — regulations, 1889, 255.
— —, prickly pear, 1888, 165;
1890, 186.
— —, Turkey oak in, 1894, 1
—, Tropical, dried plants, 1891,
—, —, Flora of, 1894, 17.
—, German colonies in, 1894,
; 1896, 174.
—, West, Tis, 1890,
1892, 303.
— —, Assam rubber in, 1891,9
— —, ; bass fibre, 1891, 1; 1892,
141;
— —, ` beefwood trees, 1893, 25.
——, Botanic Stations, 1888, 149;
1889, 69; 1890, 162; 1891,
46, 169; 1892, 14, 297, 314;
1893, 160, 363 ; 1895, 11, 165.
-— —, cinchona bark, 1894, 119.
— —, cotton, 1890, 135; 1891,
49
1889,
1892,
— —, cultural industries,
142; 1890, 195, 261;
109; 1895, 165.
— — , fruits, 1888, 221.
— —, indigo plants, 1888, 74, tms
e
6, 79.
— —, Rafia, 1895, 88, 287
— —, rubbers, 1888, '958; 1889,
63; 1890, 89; 1802, 68, "10.
+237
African Holarrhenas, 1896, 47.
— Lakes Company, list of econo-
mic plants from Kew, 1896, 84.
— natives, training of, 1892, 75;
1893, 365.
— oil palm, 1891, 190; 1892, 62,
(with figs.) 200 ; 1893, 168.
—- — -—, fibre from, 1892,
-— — — in Labuan, 1389, 259.
— — — — South Australia, 1895,
9
109.
Afzelia cuanzensis, 1892, 60. à
— palembaniea, 1887, Sept., 15.
=
1 ‘
Agathosma virgata, 1887, Sept., 9.
Agave americana, fibre from, 887,
“Mar., 3; 1892, 37.
— (Euagave) decipiens, Baker,
1892, 183, 184; 1893, 207.
— heteracantha, 1887, Dec, 5;
22
1890, 220.
— laxifolia, 1896, 149.
— Morrisii, 1891, 133.
— rigida, and vars., 1887, Mar.,
gu o 21, 35.
r. elongata, 1892, 23, 34,
- 973; 1893, 2 12, 316.
— —, var. alanina, 1887, Mar.,
3; 1892, 21; 1893, 206, 315.
in "Bahamas, 1889, 57,
m 1890, 158; 1891, 175;
1893, 27, 141, 189 ; 1894, 189,
412.
Honduras,
—— — —— Fiji, 1892, 37.
——— — — Florida, 1892, 25.
— -- — — — Jamaica, 1892, 32.
————— Trinidad, 1892, 34.
'Turks and Caicos
Islands, 1890, 273; 1892, 31,
217; 1893, 227 ; 1896
Windward Islands,
eee ae _ —
—— ee
———— — Yucatan, 1892, 22,
279.
-—— vivipara 1890, 50; 1892, 36,
283; 3, 78.
Agaves ind. arborescent Liliaceæ
on the Riviera, 1892, |.
-- on the Riviera, 1889, 300.
—, poling in, 1893, 315
Agiaonema angustifolia, N. E.
Brown, 1895, “18.
a, Taj gardens, 1892
Agrieultural edneation in J amaicn, |
|
1892, 74.
Ageu oe industries at the
"Gam 1889, 142; 1890, 261;
ie
— — in the "Bahamas, 1891, 175.
— resources of Zanzibar, 1892, 87.
Agriculture : Eph Heodntss,
- 1,97; b Si
-— Jamai OUS
— — Za nzibar, Dias E d 1896,
—, tropical, text-book of, 1893,
Agri. -Hort.
1892, 286.
Ai camphor, 1895, 275 ; "uen 73.
pret William, 1891, 298
Society of Madras,
IV. T., 1891, 304
Sti lobata, 1896, 150.
Akee, 18 , 109
Aker bae 1892, 216.
Alafia caudata, Stapf, 1894, 123.
— — SUI, 1894, 123.
Baker, 1895, 153.
Males Islands, 1893, 152.
— —, flora of, 1894, .
Alder, white, 1887, Sept., 11.
Alep idea setifera, JV. E. ant
896, 161.
Aleurites moluccana, 1887, Sept., iz
Aleurodes eocois, 1893, 44, 58.
Alexandria, mealy-bug at, 1890,
Allium (Rhiziridium) Henryi,
right, 5, 119.
Allouya fats 1892, 244
Alocasia æquiloba, JV. E. Brown,
1895, 119.
— Curtisi, N. E. oo 1894, 347.
— macrorhiza, 1896,
— reversa,
ue so ssinica, var. laxiflora, 1893,
-— ride, 1890, 1
— aurantiaca, 1892,
—- (Eualoe) Boylei, Baie 1892,
— Buchanani, n 1895, 119.
— concinna 1895, 153.
— ferox, 1890, 164, E 6.
bre, Bombay, 1890, 50; 1892,
36, 283.
—, Manila, 1893, 78.
-— —Lmwi Baker, 1894, 342; 1896,
238
Aloe (Eualoe) minima, Baker,
153.
1892, 9
a plants, K aotik, 1893,
112.
—— —, distribution of, 1896, 151.
Alpinia ae 1891, 5; 1892, 16.
fficina 1891,
inisini alnifolia, 1887, Nov.,
American Ginseng(with fig.), 1893,
i.
— Palm Weevil (with plate), 1893,
Amomum (Achasma) Ridleyi,
Baker, 1892, 128.
Amor phophallus Prainii, 1895, 141.
— sp. in Formosa, 1896, 71.
Anabena Flos-aque, 1894, 399.
— Hassalli, 1894, 399.
Ananas sativus, 1887, Apri
Anbury (with fig.), 1 505, Mo:
Andante marble wood, 1887 Sept.,
André, E., South American Brome-
liaceæ, 1892, 49.
Andropogon caricosus, 1896, 116.
— pertusus, 1895, 209 ; 1896, 115.
Anerincleistus Curtisii, Stapf,
1892, 196.1
Angico, 1888, 1
Angola, coffes EAEN in, 1894,
161.
Angrecum bistortum, Rolfe, 1893,
>
—- fragrans, 1892, 181.
-- Smithii, Rolfe, 1895, 37.
— stylosum, Rolfe, 1895, 194.
Anguilla, report of Mr. Morris’s
visit, 1891,
Aniba perutilis, Hemsl., 1894, 7,197.
Anise, star, 1888, 17:
Anisopus
1895, 259.
— Mannii, N. E. Brown, 1895,
259
..E. Brown, gen. nov.,
Anisotoma pedunculata, N. E.
Brown, 1895, 150.
Annals of the Royal Botanic
Garden, Calcutta, 1894, 195;
1896, 234.
Annatto, 1887 , July, 1; Sept., 1;
1890, 141; 1892, 215, 303.
Annatto at Lagos, 1890, 162.
reer dried mae of, from
Dr. King, 1892, 2
Anona ‘Cheimolin 1897; p Ang. 15.
— senegalensis, 1893,
sol, 1893 Mis plate),
50,
Anthistiria australis, 1894, 377.
— avenacea, 1894, 377.
Anthocleista insignis,
1895, 150, 158.
— Kalbreyeri, Baker, 1895, 99.
— laxiflora, Ba y 90.
Galpin,
Eam ceparum, 1887, Oct.,
dif oit humile, VN. E.
Brown, 1895, 45.
nthracnose i in vines, 1893, 228.
Anthurium Gustavi, 1895, 299.
Antiarin, 1891, 25.
Antiaris innoxia, 1891, 26.
— toxiearia, 1891, 25, 259.
Antidesma dallachyanum, 1895,
272.
Antigua Botanie Station, 1894,
—, 7 Mito cultivation in, 1896, 26.
—, economie resources of, 1887,
une, 4.
—, report of Mr. Morris's visit,
y IIE:
Aphloia myrtiflora, Galpin, 1895,
imi ie m in, 1895, 239.
—--, cider
poem xn "India, 1887, Sept.,
Arabia, South, dried plants, 1895,
158, 180, 3
Arabian objects for Kew Museum,
Aralia ” quinquefolia (with fig.),
1893, 71.
a a, WE ginseng, 1892, 107.
Avaucaris imbricata at Kew, 1893,
24.
— wood, 1893, 225
Ar boretum, Hand- list of trees and
shrubs grown i 5, 40.
Dha in the United States,
Ardisin megaphylla, Hemsl., 1894,
6
Areca catechu, 1887, Sept., 14.
—, var alba, 1887, Sept., 13.
Areca nuts, 1887, Sept.,
Arenaria (SA Isine)
Hemsl., 1896, 3
-— ves stita, Baker, 1895, 212.
nile
a conéinnum, Hemsl.,
Argyle, Duke of, 1891, 292.
Argyreia? | Gran tii, Duker, 1894,67.
gigas, var. turte-
246.
— odoratissima, 1887, Dec., 10.
Aristotelia Maqui, 1890, oo
Arnold Arboretum, 1894, 4
Arracacha, 1887, Aug 510; POM
Arracacia esculenta, 1887, Aug.,
10; Sept.,
Arrowroot, 1893, 191, 331, 360.
n Grenade, 1893, 333.
— -~- Queensland, 1893, 331.
— — St. Vincent, 1893, 191, 360.
— — South Australia, 1895, 100.
—, South Sea, 1892, 51
—, Tacca, 1892, 51.
s soe odoratissima, 1887,
Sep
anes Ata mp "Wem. 9.
— maritima, 1893
Arthrophyllum tasks, Baker,
y 29.
Arthrosolen spherocephalus,
Baker, 1894, 341.
Arthrostylidium Prestoéi, Munro,
86.
Artificial coffee beans, 1891, 201.
— elastica, 1
Arundinaria tiidaj M itford, 1896,
20.
pc madagascariensis, 1893,
ixi albida, V. E. Brown,
-— amabilis, N. E. Brown, 1895,
iia, N. E. Brown, 1895,
— detis N. E. Brown, 1895,
— fulva, N. E. Brown, 1895, 254.
E o hy N. E. Brown,
— Philips, N. E. Brown, 1895,
219
— propinqua, N. E. Brown, 1895,
254.
— pygmea, N. E. Brown, 1895,
255.
— Schweinfurthii, N. E. Brown,
» 209.
— spectabilis, N. E. Brown, 1895,
2 *
— tenuifolia, N. E. Brown, 1895,
AS: Clips 18387, —
Ashmore, A.N ae on Gold
oast Botanic Station, 1895, 12.
Asia Minor, bulbs from, 1893,
147.
— — dried plants, 1893, 224.
aoe Barclayi, Rolfe, 1892,
idi jotus aurantii, 1890, 95;
te) 1891, 221.
Aspidistra typica, 1896, 150.
spilia Glaziovi, Baker, 1895,
106.
teak eae Gre-
gorie, Baker.
BE cde Sb Baker,
— (Enseplenium) microxiphion,
Baker, 1896,
Assam rubber, 1699, 68, 70.
—, — cultivation in, 1896, 171.
— -— trees, wires of, 1891,
100; 1896, 1
er for West Africa, 1891,
9
—, Solanum torvum in, 1896, 63.
Astrebla aine "d 377.
— triticoides, 1
E Coles, dif 1895, 223.
Atherosperma 1889,
Athrixia mr N. E. Brown,
1895, 2
Aiptek halimoides, 1896, 134.
— Halimus, mgr 34.
-— leptocarpa, 1 137.
— nummularia, 1696, 132.
c EU M) Ren I
— vesicari
Attalea cm e d "237.
240
Attar of roses, 1893, 22.
Austin grass, 1894, 385.
Australasia, bananas in, 1894,
Australia, fluted sceale-insect in,
1889, 195.
—-, introduction of Brazil - nut,
1887, Dee
—, South, date cultivation in, 1896,
161
—,—, , fruits, 1888, 6.
—, ' West, fruits, 1888, 1
timbers from, MES Sept.,
1893,
Australian Alpine plants,
112.
— dried plants, 1896, 31.
— fungi from Sir F. von Mueller,
1891, 246.
——, handbook of, 1892, 217.
— timbersi in Kew Museums, 1892,
247
Averrhoa caram bola, 1887, Sept.,
16.
B.
Bacillus vascularum, 1891, 2.
Bacularia monostachya, 1889, 293.
—, fruit cultivation in, 1892, 218.
— fruits, 1888, 180.
— Pita (see e Sisal hemp).
Bahia a 1889, 237.
ED F. M., 1893, 366.
—, Que ensland dried plants,
1891, 275; SLi.
— — —,r en, ent as Co-
lo nial Botanist, 1894, 108.
Madagascar dried
92, 04.
ae angolensis, Stapf, 1894,
| — brichyenth, Stapf, - 1894,-
ess 125.
ra, Stapf, 1891, 124.
ba, 1x 894, 121
Baker, J. G., notes on Agaves and
arb orescent Liliaceæ on the
s
— visit to the Riviera, 1891, 276.
Balanophora hookeriana, Hemsl.,
1894, 102.
Ball, ds ae of Alpine
plants, 1896,
allota ee "Baker, 1895,
225
Balsam, gouty-stemmed, 1892,
Bamboo from the Shiré Highlands,
. 1893, 341.
—-, Gambia, 1892,
— 'garden at Kos, it 1859, 15
— herbarium, Gamble’s, "ust
370.
— palm (see Raphia vinifera).
— products in T m, 1887,
Sept., 14; 1892, 187.
DE effects of frost on, at
Kew 1896, 10
— in atan 1896, 71.
— — Sierra Leone, 1893, 169.
— on the Riviera, 1889, 297.
Bambusa aurea, 1889, 298.
-— gigantea, 1889, 298.
— gracilis, 1889, 298.
— Mazelii, 1889, £98.
— Metake, 1889, 298.
— initis, 1589, 298.
— nigra, 18 9, 299.
— qua drangularis, 1889, 299.
—. Quilloi, 1889, 299.
— verticillata, 1889, 299.
— violescens, 1889, 300.
— viridi-glaucescens, 1839, 300.
a vulgaris, 155 30.
— Wrayi, Stapf, 1893, 14.
we Jamaica, 1892, l51.
r sweet plantain, 1894, 253.
Dinastii: 1894,
— and plantains eaud 1594,
252.
—, phe 1894,
——at Kew, 189 t, 240, 280.
Sion House, 1891, 281.
—. cultivation, 1894, 2
—,-— in England, 1391, 279.
— ‘diseases, l
varieties,
— — --—
894, 281.
| = n Fiji, 1890, 272; 1892, 43.
241
Bananas, dye and tan from, 1894,
=
, economie uses, 1894, 284.
—, fibre of 1887, ' April, 5; 1894,
uc d BÉ 231.
—, giant, 189
—, ET 1951. 257.
swollen-stemmed, 1894, 240.
— tf 1 257.
— in Australasia, 1894, 272.
— — British Guiana, 1894, 255,
268, 278, 282, 300, 307, 311.
60, 288.
—- — Indian Archipelago, 1894,
3.
— — Jamaica, 1894, 270, 275,
— — Mauritius and Madagascar,
1894, 266.
s New Caledonia, 1894, 250,
287.
— Nicaragua, 1894, 278.
-— — Peru, 1894, 268.
— — Philippine - Islands, 1894,
263, 289.
-- — "Polynesia, 1894, 265, 273.
— — Queensland, 1894, 281.
4, 265.
— — South-East Africa, 1894,
284
— — Surinam, 1894, 306, 310,
— = Tahiti, 1894, 246, 286.
— — Trinidad, 1894, 270, 276,
283, 302, 304, 313
== — "Tropical ‘Africa, 1894, 205,
— 286, 287, 304.
— United States, oe 911.
— — Venezuela, 1894, 269, 278.
West Tadi, 1894, 270, 275,
—, meal from, 1894, 310.
—, iyi iier 1894, 231.
—, preserved, 1894, 299.
—,summary of information re-
lating to, 1894, 229.
—, trade in, 1894, 295.
u 95238.
Bananas, wine from, 1894, 294.
Bandina t xwo
Barbacenia er ied 21.
— squamata, 1893,
Barbados Botanic. Sitio 1887,
June, 9; 1891, 153.
— dried plants, 1896, 31.
—, economie resources of, 1887,
June, 5.
— fruits, 1888, 184
—, mites on sugar cane, 1890, 85
—, report of Mr. Morris's visit,
1891, 152, 158.
1888,
—, Aden, 1891, 96.
Bark cloth of Uganda, 1892, 58.
Barley, EE 1888, 271.
., Madagascar dried
Barrel staves, insect NT to
(with fig.), 1890,
Bartholina pectinata, 1806, 29.
Bartlett, H. 891, 87.
— — —, eath of 1891, 93.
Bass fibre, Pi 1892, 148.
— —, West African, 1891, IP
, 299.
Bassia latifolia, 1887, Sept., 20
Batalin, . donation to
Hérbásióm, 1896, 1
—-——-—, fro
"m Asia dà loy, 1892,
248.
Batemannia Rolfe,
1895, 193.
Bauer, Francis, 1891, 302.
Bauhinia es ee br achyscypha,
peruviana,
Baker, 1
— (Phanera) ’ Orenghi, Baker,
— Galpini, 18 186.
— (Phanera) Maoropóatis Baker,
1896, 2 22.
— (Phanera) stenostachya, Baker,
1896, 22.
-— Vahlii, 1887, Sept. 19.
Bavaria, Nonnen pest in, 1890,
9 ‘
Beauearneas on the "CH iera, 1889,
302.
R
242
Bechuanaland forests, 1892, 312.
s, 1890, de
47.
— — — West Africa, 1893, 25.
Beer casks, destruction
India, 1894, 1
Burma,
Begonia (stie) Wóyibsiiétié;
Hemsl., 1896, 37.
— - disease, 1895, 285.
Somervillei, Hews. 1896, 17.
=- smera hirae 1896, 96.
— Weigallii, Hemsl.
.,, 1896, 17.
Belgium, borticulture in,
1893,
162.
Belmontia platyptera, Baker, 1894,
25
a pumila, Baker, 1894, 25.
— zambesiaca, Baker, 1894, 25.
Ben, oil of, 1887, Jan, 7 ; 1892,
Bengal kino, 1887, Sept., 20.
——, rice cultivation in, Tang weit
Benken wood, 1887, Se
$ expedition Ko South
ped 1895, 158,
Hadra mayt expedition,
1893, 366 ; 1894, 194, 328.
botany of, 1894,
— —
m may.
328.
Fantham Trust, books presented
to Kew by, 1892, 150; 1894,
137.
Bentin, Rolfe, gen.
E fruticulosa, Rolfe, 1894, 338.
iam 54, 195,
nov., 1894,
,
— lilies, 1892, 5
—, minor insti in, 1894, 353 ;
1896, 2
—, onion Asia: 1887, Oct., 1.
dried ‘plants
Berlin rium,
from, 1892, 72.
— Notizblatt des Kgl. bot.
Gartens und Museums, 1895, 77.
.. Berryman, C., 1896, 147.
Bertholletia excelsa, 1887, Dec.,
* uH.
Beschor — desde 1889,
- — —*
25713.
1891,
of, iü |
| Billian iron wood,
Beetles erg to rice crops in |
Betel nut fibre, 1887, Sep
Bhabur e (with libb): ide:
157 ; 1, 367.
Bisig faim, Bombay , Presi-
dency, 1895 3
Bifrenaria demens. Rolfe,
—- tyr ianthina, 1896, 96.
Bijou Lime, 1894, 116.
1887, Sept.,
Binder; W., death of, 1896, 96.
Bissa ból, 1896, 93.
Bitter Vetch, 1894, 349.
— wood, 1894, 402.
Bixa Orellana, 1887, Jul
Sept. ; 1890, 141; 1892. 215. |
303.
— — at Lagos, 1890, 162.
Black Burmese rice, 1892, 232.
| — iron wood, jag D al TE
| — walnut, 1894,
wood, 1889, ds
"TEuackifionn fishhooks, 1896, 98.
Blepharis Bea var. congesta,
Rolfe, 1894, 338
Blighia ipu 1892, 109.
remos Canadian, 1887, Nov.,
pidigi, 1894, 3
Blumea Baifonrh, Hemsl, 1894,
213.
-— repe ^ ger plate), 1895,
75;
Bocca ied "apr
Boehmeria nivei, 1888,
297; 1889, 268, 284;
251.
145, 2789, ©
1892,
— —- as fcod for silkworms, 1890,
1
— — in China, 1891, 250.
ormosa , 1898, 73.
» var. tenacissima, 1888, 145;
1889, 268, 284.
Bojeria vestita, "topi 1895, 68.
Bok Buchu, 1887, S Sept., 9.
———— ig
| grona fibre NU. Paros 1889,
Bole ^W H., South African dried d
plants, 1893, 146, 369.
Bombax malabarieum, 1896, 70.
Bombay aloe fibre, 1890, 50;
1892, 36, 283.
— Presidency, agricultural farms
in, 1895, ue
— —, trees and shrubs of, 1894,
401.
Books, donations of, to Kew, 1892,
150; : 1893, 223° 1894, 137;
_ 1895, 46, 156.
Dane al vation of, in the tropics,
4, 217 ; 1695, 237.
ooks :
aa. eoltiabtaton to our know-
edge of seedlings, 1892, 313.
Annals of the Roval Botas
arden, Calcutta, 1894, 195.
Bótadricál literature of the British
— Magazine, 1895, 1 9, 40, 77,
198, 232, 279, 299,
318; 1896, 28, 55, 96, 129,
123, 149, 150, 186, 220.
Botany of the Pilcomayo Ex-
pedition, 1895, :
20.
British Fungus- flora, 1898, 26,
3 ; 1895, 2
Distribution oy pla the
south side of the ibe: 1896,
151.
Donn's Hortus Cantabrigiensis,
95, 205.
9,
Exotie plants from the Royal
Gardens, Kew, 1893, 147.
Ferns of South Afcica, 1893, 69.
Flora Capensis, 1896, 124, 186.
— of British India, 1894, 225;
1896, 150.
—,supplementary note
*; 1894, 200.
— — Madagascar, 1890, 200.
Malay Peninsula,
materials for, 1894, 34.
Tonga - Friendly
Islands, 1894, 3
Food grains of Indie: 1887,
— =
Dec
F'ossil plants the Coal Mea-
sures, 1895
) i to siden No. II., 1895,
— — No. IIL, 1894, 74.
— sera of Australian Fungi,
1892, 2
— — Flor a of Ceylon, 1892,
- 950 1894, 94, 227; 1895,
236.
Books—con
gs n of eek a 1896, 56."
and Shru
— 1895, 40; rr i 1896, uu
Hooker's Teone Planta
1892, 52, 285; 1894, 133, 37
1895, 19, 122, 199; 1896, 56,
123, 150.
Index Flore Sinensis, 1889,
225; 1894, 225.
— Kewensis, 1892, 49; 1893,
342; 1894, 74, 400 ; 1895,
'9
3
J timers Gardener's Dictionary,
1894, 163.
Karakoram Expedition, scien-
tific reports of, 1895, 20.
Kew Hein Vols. out of print,
eds.
—, acid papers from,
KniphoPs Botanica in Originali,
895, I
Eam "System. Naturae,
4, 167.
Notizblatt des Kgl. bot. Gartens,
Berlin, 1895, 77.
Nouvelles Archives du Museum
d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris,
1894, 137. |
virer of Kew Gardens, 1895,
Pritzel’s Teonum Botaniearum
Index, supplement to, "1895,
124.
Robert, Bosse and de Chastillon's
Prik of. the Museæ, 1893,
Text-book of Tropical Agricul-
ture, 1893, 69.
Treesand Shrübis ofthe Bombay
Presideney, 1894, 401.
Borassus flabelliformis, 1887, Sept.» í
18; 1892, 148, 186.
rers of "Jarrah timber, 1893, 7
338; 1894, 78.
— Sugar-cane, 1 1892, 108, (with
~ plate) 153, 207; 1894, 172;
8
,
— — — Iridew, 1892, 217.
poat of Conifere, 1896,
108. Bornean dried ferns, 1893, 224.
— — Ferns and Fern Allies, | — — plants, 1891, 276 ; 1894,
~ 1895, 199. | $664 1896, $1.
— — ~— Herbaceous plants, | Borneo camphor wood, 1887, Sept.,
1895, 222. UL qe
B2
244
Borneo iron wood, nee Sept., 15.
— rubber, 1892, 68. 7
— N. E, ‘timbaran deb of, 1894,
Boscia Carsoni, Baker, 1895, 288.
Botanic Garden, Brisbane, 1893,
14
ré
— —, Buitenzorg, 1893, 1
— —,—, phot ographs of, "1894,
ETE:
» Calcutta, Annals of, 1894,
Laeger Town, 1892, 1
— —, TONA D nna 1892,
BE ER
ada,
uy PM "1891,
—, Missouri, ior
— — Victoria, Cea ones, 1896,
—, Zo mba, 1895, 186.
— is Gardens i in South Africa, 1895,
— Station, Antigua, 1891, 111;
1894, 4
— —, Damda 1891, 152.
—, British Honduras, 1895, 10;
1896, 101.
—, Dominica, 1891,115; 1893,
409, 420.
à 1891, 169;
1892; 14, 297; 1893, 169;
1895, 11, 165.
—, Lagos, 1888, ah _ 1889,
69; 1890, 162; 1891,
—, —, list of cultiv cae ‘plants
wa 1892, 314
* Montserrat,
1894, 420.
1891,
—
— —, Old Calabar, 1895, 164.
—, St. Kitts- Nevis, 1891, 126;
~ 1894, 420.
— —, St. Lucia, 1891, 134.
— —, St. Vincent, 1891, 140;
1892, 92 ; 1894, 80, 366.
—,-- —, plan of Curator's
^ Bouse, 1892, 93.
— Stations in the Leeward Islands,
— — in the West Indies, 1887,
June, 1; J d
—, rules for he protection and
ee of (St Lucia), 1891,
n
ae, West African, 1893, 363.
‘Botanical cal Departments at home
ud in the Colonies and In ndia,
119; | —
)
|
|
|
e June 8;
ee
Staffs of, 1889, 122; 1890, 175;
LA Appen ndix In; 1892,
Appendix III.; 1893, Appendix
HI 394, ' Appendix
ZB
1895, Appendix III.; 1896,
Appendix III.
— Department, : amaica, 1891,
156 ; ; 1896, 125.
— —,— ~ Agricultural education,
1892,
a enterprise i in Ae 796, 1892, 80.
-— Bri h. Central Africa,
1895, 5, 196.
— — — — Honduras, 1896, 101.
——.— no Africa, 1896, 80.
—— — ess Protectorate,
1891, E: 1895,
— — West
164.
Indies, 1891,
103.
— risen of Cuba, 1890, 37.
— i - Tibet frontier,
1893, 297.
— literature of the British Empire,
guide to, 1589, 153.
218; 1896, 28, 55, 96, 122, 123,
149, 150, 186, 220, 233.
mission eut the West Indies,
Pepe of, 1
-= AUASTE, 1895, 278; 1896,
T2
— Survey of India, 1895, 56; 1896,
-— ^ hd Earl of Bute's, 1892,
30
Botany of Formosa, 1896, 65.
Gambia Delimitation Com-
mission, 1891, 268; 1892, 45.
— — Hadramaut expedition, 1894,
328
— — Karakoram expedition, 1895,
20.
— — Milanje, 1892,
— — Pilcomayo edem 1895,
20.
Bothrioclice laxa, NV. E. Brown,
1894, 388.
— longipes, N. E. Brown, 1894,
389.
Bouillie etos 1888, 271.
— mildew on vines, 1839,
229, 230; 1890, 190.
— —, for potato disease, 1892,
Bourbon vanilla, 1892, 213.
Bouteloua juncifolia, 1895, 210.
245
Bowstring hemp (with figs.), 1887, |
May, 1; 1892, 129; 1893, 186, .
— ae oin South Australia, 1895,
NUTUS the United States, 1893,
208.
Boxwood, PURA 1887, Sept., 8.
—, Cape, 18 Fi
Brachionidiam’ Sherringii, Rolfe,
1893, 4. |
Brachystegia appendiculata, 1892, |
— longifolia, 1892, 59.
—- spiceformis, 1892, 59.
— tamarindoides, var., 1892, 59. |
Brachystelma Buchanani, N. E.
Brown, 1895, 263.
agieum, JV. E. Brown, 1895,
Brandisia racemosa, Hemsl., 1895,
Braata campestris, var. glauca, |
1894, 96.
— chinensis, 1888, 137 ; 1893, 344.
Mice. E. Bro own, 1894,
Den -nut, introduction to East
ndies and Australia, 1887,
t new, 1896, 223.
Brazilian dried plants, 1891, 276
1892, 151, 311; 1893, 1
— gum-arabíe, 1888, 12
Breweria Eur or baecharoides,
Baker, 1894,
— buddleoides, Baker, 1894, 69.
E (Prevostea) campanulata,
Baker, 1894, 68.
— conglomerata, Baker, 1894, 68.
—- (Prevostea) Heudelotii, Baker,
8.
— microcephala, Baker, 1894,
68.
— sessiliflora, Baker, 1894, 68.
Brisbane Botani ic Gardens, 1893,
AT.
British Central Africa, botanical
M in, 18
ee-leaf “disease, pre-
ventive IE 1893, 361.
n in, 1896, 118.
— — "i wild | coffee i in, 1896, 143.
uide to the botatiiesl |
-Menti of, 1889, 153.
1893, 26, 372; | |
1895, 234
British Mim bananas in, 1894,
59, Age 282, 300, 307,
311; pri
— —, oret arid rubber, 1888, 69.
— —, € 1888, 192.
useum specimens from,
1887, ‘Sept., sen
~ ——, sugar-ca e disease in, 1896,
-—- —, — seedlings in, 1891, 20
-— ESE agriculture in, 1894,
97; 189
—--, ag soon dit resources of,
1892, 254; 1893, 326.
— —, bananas? in, 1894, 2
— —, Botanic Station, 1896, 101.
— —. ' botanical enterprise in, 1896,
101.
—, coffee cultivation, 1892,
253; 1593, 322
— —, mahogany in, 1892, 72.
—, palm weevil in, 1893, 27.
— — pine,
—— —, Sisal hemp (Henequen) in,
1892, 3
— Indi deii of, 1894, 228 ; 1896,
150.
— —, —, supplementary note to,
1894, 200.
— New Guinea, bananas in, 1894,
— — North ean 1892, 243
plants Ms 1895,
Gambier, 1892, 76;
~ 1893, , 129.
—, museum specimens, 1887, _
E
—, sago cultivation in, 1894,
— — —-, Timbaran tree, 1894,
108.
Britton, Dr. N. L., South American
dried plants, 1891, 245.
Broadway, W. E., 92.
Bromeliacee, South American,
92,
Bromelia argentina, 1892, 191.
—- fastuosa, 1892, 247.
— Pinguin, 1 1
Bromeliad, starch-yielding, 1889,
20.
Bromeliads on the Riviera, 1892,
Broom root, 1887,
| Dec
— Spanish, as a fibre m 1892,
53.
246
Brunnisure vine disease, 1893,
: 227.
p eee fibre, 1889,
Bubo n Galbanum, 1687. Sept., 9.
Packanah: J., death of, 1396, 148.
—+ —, dried plants from Nyasaland,
1892, 249.
— --, journey in Nyasaland, 1891,
Buchnera quadrifaria, Baker,
9.
Buckwheat, e 1893, 3
angra, 1891, 244 ; 1893, 1.
Buddleja i ltolli Wright, 1896,
aisi, 1896, e
— cuspidata, Baker, 1895, 113.
— pulchella, N. E. "Brown, 1894,
Buffalo berries, 1887, Sept., 5
—- grass, 1891, 385, 387.
iene Botanic Gar dens, 1893,
a?
—, Photographs of, 1894,
: Bulbophyllam attenuatum, ‘Rolfe,
96
, 45.
-— Comiasii, Rolfe, 1895, 138.
Ife, 1896, 45.
iia Rolf 1891, 197.
— viti iense, Rolfe,
1893, 5.
Bulbous violet in the Himalayas, |
894, 368.
Bulbs, effects of frost on, at Kew,
— from Asin ae 1893, 147.
Chinese
Bunya Bunya, 1893, 225.
Burma, beetles destructive to rice
e 1889, 1
— Upper, Indi rüber, 1888, 217.
Bute, E karl of, 1
— — ax, bota ind pert 1892,
1887, Sept., 20.
atte eT 277 ; 1892, 75.
s Macowani, 1887, Feb., 1.
Cabbage, Shantung, 1888, 137;
93, 344.
Cacao, Ceylon, 1890, 170.
-— Saag et at Gold en 1892,
3 0 I$
— in Grenada, 1893, 136.
— aie dew ini Messervy method’ of,
1891, :
— in Br itish Central Africa, 1895,
— — — Honduras, ines, Cat.
— — Niger oast Poeetocate,
1895, 164.
Cacti, large, at Kew, 1895, 155.
Crsulpinia bicolor, Wright, 1896,
ee
— coriaria at Lagos, 1890, 1
Caicos Lenis (see Turk's felis,
Cajanus indicus in Formosa, 1896,
3.
Calandra granaria, 1890, 144;
— or yzæ 18 , 144; 1893, 53.
Galanthe: arcuata, Rolfe, 1896,
6.
| 19
' | — ensifolia, Rolfe, 1896, 197.
— lamellosa, Rolfe, 1
Calathea Allouya, 1892, 244.
— cyclophora, Baker, 1895, T7:
—- Gardneri, Baker, 1895, 18.
| Calatheas, 1894, 193.
Calcutta, Royal ie Garden,
annals of, 1894,
Calea (Eucalea) floribunda: Baker,
189:
y
Caley, George, 1891, 30
3.
| California, botany of the Death
dried |
Valley, 1894, 194.
—, Icerya Pura; in, 1889, 197.
m prune industry of, 1892, 259 ;
893,
175.
Californian dried art 1893, 66;
1894, 370; :
— fruit industries, 1893, 2 18.
— prune (with Dod! 1592, 259.
— vine esee s 189.
Calligonum flow flow qi she of
` food i India, 1889, 217." ;
d: in N. W.
— polygonoides, 1889, 218.
247
Calodendron capense, 1887, Sept.,
Calophyllum Calaba, 1892, 73.
— inophyllum, 1887, Sept.,
Calospora Vanille ‘(with plate),
1892, 111.
Calostemma album, 1892, 72.
Camaridium lawrenceanum » Rolfe,
1894,
Camellia Sasanqua, 1888, 264.
—- theifera, 1888, 86 ; 1889, 118
139; 1892, 219, 234; 1896, 10,
157.
Cameroons, 1894, 411; 1896, 176.
— dried plants, 1894, 1
—. epe Botanic Garden, 1896,
Gies maxima, flowering in
England, 1894, 402,
C s
1896, 73.
wood, Borneo, 1887, Sept., 15.
Cam psikhdrs comosa, 1889, 71.
anada, museum specimens from,
1887, Se
Canadian dried ‘plants, 1892, 49;
1896, 31.
— fruits, 1887, Sept., 5; Nov.,
Canaigre, 1890, 63; 1894, 167.
Canary Islands, bananas in, 1894,
295
— rosewoods, 1893, 133.
Candelillo coffee disease 1893, 67.
Candle-nut oil, 1887,
Cane-sugar in the Sugar -cane,
1891, 35.
Canna edulis, 1893, 331.
— Rana, 1894, 385.
8
4
A
7,
— Flora, continuation "E 1896,
124, 186.
— fruit growing at, 1893, 8.
— fruits, 1888, 15.
— , Herbarium, 1895, 303.
—, Icerya Purchasi at, 1889, 196.
—, Museum specimens from, 1887,
Sept., 9.
—, new Liliacez from, 1892, 217.
—, Phylloxera, 1889, 230.
— regulutions, 1889, 255.
-— sie plate, 1887, Sept., 11.
uw
————M— CRESS Sea Tc
| — valida, |. Wy oF,
= i
Cape, prickly pear, 1888, 165;
1890, 186.
— timbers, 1887, Sep
— Town Botanic Caden: 1892,
10; 1895, 49.
Capel, Lord, 1891, 288.
Capim de Angola, 1894, 385.
1894, 382
orticans, 1894, 164.
Caraguata fibre, 1892, 191.
Caralluma arabica, V. E. Brown,
1895, 318.
| — Editha, N. E. Brown, 1895,
219.
— flav
l. E. Brown, Se 335.
—— w N. E. Bro
264.
wn, 1895,
-- enh N. E. Brown, 1894,
idis N. E. Brown, 1895,
264.
— Sprengeri, IN. E. Brown, 1895,
Brown, 1895,
13.
— from Ceylon, t387, Sep 13.
—, Korarima, 1894, 4
Carduncellus er spiocephalos,
Baker, 1895, 2
— kentrophylloides, Baker,
Carob beans, 1887, Sept., 18.
Carpesium atktnatiladaes Hemsl.,
» 16
egesints Barteri, Stapf, 1894,
— elabi Stapf. 1894, 19.
— parviflorus, Stapf, 1894, 19.
a 1894, 19.
arson, A. die of, 1896, 148,
— e Tan nganyika dried
TSEAN 1893, 343 ; 1895, 46, 63,
288.
Carstensen, G.,death of, 1892, d
Carthagena rubber, 1890, 149
189 2, 68,
Carthamus’ tinctorius, 1887, Sept.,
Caryocar nuciferum, 1891, 277;
5;
Caryophyllus aromaticus — (see
Fugenia caryophylla ata).
Cassia holosericea, 1892, 151.
2 48
Cassia reals oocarpa, Baker,
1895
— Muret 1893, 371.
Me iue verticillata,
Brown, 1894,
Castes maina, 1890, tig:
Castilloa elastica, 1887, Dec. 13;
SST:
NE.
dete in Brit Honduras, 1892,
254.
mbi ug 1895, 79
— Trinidad, 1896, 221.
Castleton Gardene, Jamaica, 1891,
6; 73; 1894, 160;
1895, 79.
Casuarina equisetifolia, 1892, 2,
25.
62.
— apertum, Rolfe, 1895,
284.
— Lemosii, Rolfe, See 393.
— punctatum, ENS: 4, 364.
mL , Rolfe, 1894, dé: 1896,
123
—u neatum, vem 1895, 283.
— Catechin, 1891, 34
Catechu, 1887, Sept., 20;
3I:
—, Australian, 1887, Sept., 6.
Caterpillars, plague of, in Hong
ong, 1894, 396
Catostemma fragrans, 1892, 103.
VES Brownii, Rolfe, 1894,
1891,
exterminating, 1894, 219.
—, plant industries in, 1893,
223.
—, tea cultiv pr in, 1895, 58.
Cats, G. H., 1896, 186
Cayman llais 1888, 160.
Ceanothus leucodermis, E.
Greene, 1895,
— gid 1892, 2, 767, 69.
n Gambia, 1889, 146, 148,
~ 151.
— — —- sri 1895, 79.
Lagos,
— $8. oe dy 1895, 102.
Cedar, RÀ 1892, 123 ; 1895,
896, 216.
189; 1
— a
ae, eee 1889, "-
Crises bes dried. iic 1896, 36.
y, wild, AEN e
‘Golmcia Munroi, 1 96 186.
Celtis australis, 1893, 1
Centaurea (Microlonchus)
Aylmeri, Baker, 1895, 218.
— (Calcitrapa) dhofarica, Baker,
Central Africa, coffee-leaf «disease
in, preventive measures, 1893,
361.
— America, bananas in, 1894,
— Amoriean dried plants, 1896,
p
— — rubber, 1887, Dec, 13;
1892, 67, 69. ;
| — — — in Brit. Honduras, 1892,
254.
Jamaica, 1895, 79.
— a” dried plants from, 1892,.
Tib bel, flora of, 1894, 136.
Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, 1888, 123.
a ern pee 18 896, 32.
ae AMEN gm
Ceratonia Siliqua, 1887, Sept., 18.
Cereus giganteus at Kew, 1895,
-— Pringlei at Kew, 1895, 156.
Ceropegia angusta, V. E. Brown,
1895, 261.
-— mm e N. E. Brown, 1895,
| — liinc N, E. Brown, 1895,
Meu locusts in, methods for | 262
| == mid óctcla, N. E. Pius, 1895,
262.
— e N. E. Brown, 1895,
— tacemosa, N. E. Brown, 1895,
— Rendallii, N. E. Brown, 1894,
| a scandens, N. E. Brown, 1895,
262.
— sobolifera, V. E. Brown, 1895,
261.
— subtruncata, N. E: Brown,
1895, 260.
== tentaculata, N. E. Brown, 1895,
volubilis, N. E. Brown, 1895,
261.
vr bananas in, 1894, 262,
-— chet, 1890, 170.
249
Ceylon coca leaves, 1894, 1
—, cultivated varieties of Musa,
1894, 262.
— fruits, 1888, 248
andbook of the Flora of,
~ 1892, 250;- 1894, 34, 227;
1895, 236 >
—, may specimens from, 1887,
Sep y 13.
—, Orthezia i ee ag in, er 162.
Para rubber 893
Ui inomá iiid 1680. 18:
aa chartacea, Wright, 1896,
160.
Chamedorea Pringlei, 1896, 155.
Chambers, Sir William, 1891, 292.
Cheilanthes (Aleuritopteris) ‘albo-
usca, Baker, 1895,
(Eucheilanthes)
Baker, 1895, 54.
Cheirostylis yunnanensis, Rolfe,
1896, 201.
Hancocki,
Cherimoyer, 1887, Aug., 15.
Cherry, Queensland, 1895, 272.
Chestnut bark, extract of, 1893,
9.
— flour, 1890, 173
1892, 88.
cues saec haralis, 1891, 142; 1892,
E 153, '267 ; 1894,
172; 189
China, Dentist vegetable produc-
tions, 1889, 2
—, flora of, 7889, 225; 1894, 225.
— grass, 1888, 45, 273, -
89, 268, 284; 1891, 277;
3, 13
— in Formosa, 1896, 7
Chinese dried plants, 1891, 276;
1892, 286; 1893, 369.
1895,
* "s. ve
E
Chlorophytum tenuifolium, Baker, |
Chocho, 1887, Aug. 6; 1896,
1 =
Chondrorhyncha bicolor, Rolfe,
4, 393.
pt ag or macrophylla, 1896,
186.
Me mecs Icaco, 1887, Sept.,
Cltyeóplyfhan batangenss
Wright, 1896, 162
— Cainito, 188T, Sept., 16.
Chrozophora didis
279; 1896, 233.
Cider apples, crop of, 1895, 306.
mrs ona Calisaya in India, 1888,
1889,
— trol Ceylon, 1887, Sept.,
— in India, 1888, 139; 1896; 29;
94,
— — Jamaica, 1889, 244; 1890,
54.
— officinalis, 1890, 5
—, West African, 1894, Hm
Cinnamomum Camphora, 1895,
— reylanicum, 1887, Sept., 13.
Cinn Ceylon, 1887,
Se its 13.
Cirrhopetalum brienianum, Rolfe,
1893, 62.
— compactum, Rolfe, 1£95, 281.
—F Rol 19
— setiferum, Rolfe, 18
— whiteanum, Rolfe,
Citric acid, artificial producto of,
1894, 103 199.
Citron in commerce, sm ITL
Citronella grass, 1895, 101.
Citrus fruits in Sicily, 1895, 266.
— jnodora, 1895, ue
— Medica, 1894, 1
as a hedge plant,
— Limonum as a hedge
—— o — o ,
| Clematis Everettii, ’ Hemsl., 1896,
ua pr rattii, Hemsl., 1892, 82.
—- rubifolia, V1 right, 1896, T
» i t plato), Pee
250
Clerodendron aucubifolium, Baker
5 .
— ceruleum, N. E. Brown, 1895,
— congense, Baker, 1892, 127.
. -—— minutiflorum, Baker, 1894,
— polycephalum, Baker, 1895,
116.
— i iR
ense, Baker, 1
Climate of Milanje, 1892, 124.
— the Gambia, 1892, 110
.— — Zanzibar, 1890, 216; 1892,
Clitandra Barteri, Stapf, 1894,
=- Mhalt Stapf, 1894, 2
— Sehweinfurthii, Stapf. 1894,
tanganyi-
5, 71.
Clove as a dye plant, ug 417.
— cultivation in 1796, 1893, 80.
— industry of Zanzibar, 1892, 88 ;
,
Club-root (with fig. ) 1895, 129.
Clusia rosea, 1891, 167.
Cnicus pratensis, 1895, 4T.
then measures, fossil plants of the,
123.
Cobbett, William, 1891, 296.
Coca, 1889, 1 ; 1892, 72
— at Lagos, 1890, 162
~- cultivation in India, 1894, 151.
—, earliest notice of, 1889 29
— leaves, Ceylon, 18 94, 152.
, preparation of, 1889, 6.
A Pela, 1893 ; 84, 102.
ochin China vine, 1888, 134.
er industry, 1838, 170.
Cochlea Conwayi, Hemsl.,
Cochlioda noezliana, 1896, 123.
Menge tinctorium, 1893,
d viu; 1887, Sept., 16.
Cocoa-nut butter, 1890, 230.
89,
Cocoa- ue double, at Kew, 1892,
Te. 4
—, dra from Brit. Hon-
ua E 1893, 328.
- — palm disease, 1893, 41.
—À — at Grand Cayman, | —
- 1888,1
cH S Brit. Honduras, 1892,
254, 328,
t
Cocoa-nut palm disease in Lagos
e €9 ; 1893, 181.
— — $8. Australia, 1895,
100. -
— Zanzibar, 1892, 88.
— — 15, ween, 1893, 27.
Coos de mér at Kew, 1892, 105;
1894, 400.
VIRO borneensis, Z?o/fe, 1893,
— "ornata Rolfe, 1895, 191
— But eione) Delavayi,
-— pues Rolfe, 1 892, 209, ..
-= Ki E Plei i e) Henr Rolfe,
96, 195
25 "arida Rolfe, 1895, 36.
— Mossia, Rolfe, 1894, 156.
— M ck pogonioides, Rolfe,
Rolfe,
-— swaniana, , Rolfe, 1894, 183.
— stenophylla, "n 167 ; 1896,
123, (with plate) 18
Coffee- beans, artificial, TA
— cultivation at the Gold ‘Coast,
1895, 12, 21, 165.
— — in Angola, 1894, 161.
— — — British Honduras, 1892,
258.
— — — the New World,
321
1893,
| Loa Trinidad, 1888,
| ii Montserrat, 1894,
| — Besa shee in the Test "Tudics,
1893,
— bighlang, of Sierra Leone, 1896,
— pom in London, 1893, 128.
—-, hybrid in Queensland, 1894,
^
— in British Central Africa, 1895,
190.
— — — Honduras, 1893, 328.
— — Dominica, 1894, 40
— — India, 1894, 326.
137.
ee oast Protectorate,
164.
— — Sierra Leone, 1893, 167.
— Travancore, 1894, 4103.
— leaf disease, 1893, 67, 321.
— in Central Africa, E
__ventive ees 1892, 361.
German ‘East
— -— —
ica,
1894, 412. ;
251
Coffee-leaf, miner, 1894,
—, Liberian, 1890, 245 ; 1306; 25;
.. 1895, 973.
—, —, at Gold Coast, 1892, 300,
; 1895, 12, 21, 165.
~-, —, cleaning in London, 1895,
2
—,— y husking, d Pate
—, husks, 1887, Sept., 1
—, —, in British Central Africa,
1895, 190.
—, —, — — North Borneo, 1893,
141.
—, — iret 1895, 79.
—,-—-, —the Malay Native States,
1890, 107; 1892, 277.
s —, — — Straits Settlements,
1888, 261.
_—,—, pulping, 1893, 204.
—-, Maragogipe, 1894, 163.
—, Mussenda, 1889 281
—, native, in Sierra Leone, 1893,
—
ce
— planting in Lagos, 1896, 77.
— — — Peru, 1893, 351.
—, shade tree for, 1895, 306.
—, Quilimane, 1895, 190.
—, wild, in British Central Africa,
143.
Cogwood, Jamaica, 1889, 127.
oil industry in British
Honduras, 1893, 328.
Coir, cocoa-nut, from Lagos, 1889,
Coix giganten, 1888, 266; 1893, 76.
— Lachryma, 1887, Sept., 14.
—, var. bteniotapë (with plate),
~ 1888, 144,
Cola écnminaia, 1890, 253.
— nut 253.
— aa ae at Lagos, 1896, 79.
— t the Gold Coast, 1895,
Có, “Miss Edith, ee land
ants, reat 8, 211.
eontributions to
x
18 4,
Zealand "dried plants,
93, 1 46.
Coleus barbatus, 1894, 10.
— dysentericus, Ted. 1894, 10.
— edulis, 1894,
— vom bey Rok Baker, 1895,
— lanuginosus, 1894, 11.
| dT jme or tablet tea,
. Coleus leucophyllus, Baker, 1895,
292.
— parviflorus, 1892, 313.
— punctatus, Baker, 1895, 291.
— tuberosus, 1892, 313 ; 1894, PR
—- vestitus, Baker, ae 224
Colletotrichum falcatu
345 ; 1894, 169; 1
Cöloribiaş Comino. trees of, 1894,
Colombian rubber, 1890, 149;
1892, 68.
Colonial and Indian Exhibition,
1886, articles contributed to
Kew Museums from, 1887
Sept.,
— fruit, 1887, Nov., 1; 1888, 1;
170 197, 221.
Colonies and Kew , 205
—, cultivation of perfumery plan tss
1890,
Co loradó grass, 1894, 385.
Coman thosphace japoniea, 1896,
122.
Combretum (Poivrza) mweroense,
Baker, 1895, 290.
Comino trees of. Colombia, 1894,
Comins, “Rev. R. B., Solomon
Islands dried plants, 1892, 105.
1890,
Conifers, ade of, 1896, 108.
Con seg effec frost on, at
Kew,
Conserv ior reconstruction of,
?
onte 1887, Dec., 10.
Convolvulus angolensis, Baker,
| 1894, 67.
| = floridus, 1893, 1
— hndramatiensy pe 1894,
33
— (us. rem. Phillipsa, Baker,
Bic 1893, 133.
-— - spharophorus, Baker, 1895,
1894, 67.
arakoram dried
This, LO
Conway, W.
plants,
tific finitis of |
Conyza aee send 1895,
317.
ag scien--
— stenodonta, Baker, 1895, 316.
d = umbraticola,
252
Cooke, Dr., retirement of, 1893,
Copaifera Gorskiana, 1888, 281.
Copal, Inhambane, 1588, 281
Copra, 1 ept.,
Coprosma pumila, 1893,
Coptis Teeta in China, 1889, 226
Coptosapelta flavescens, 1895, 141.
Corallorhiza odontorhiza, 1892,
Corchorus capsularis, 1887, Sept.,
— olitorius, 1887, Sept., 18.
ju
Cordia aurantiaca, Baker, 1894,.
— chrysocarpa, Baker, 1894, 27.
— Heudelotii, Baker, 1894, 27.
-- Irvingii, Baker, 1895, 113.
— Kirkii, Baker, 1894, 28.
— longipes, Baker, 1894, 27.
Cindy itis on the Riviera, 1892, 9.
Cork po in Kew Museum,
1892,
oam, ee in, 1893,
Cotton in British Central Africa,
— — India, 1894, 318.
— — the Gambia, 1894, 191.
— — West Africa, 1890, 135;
1891, 49.
— — Yoruba-land, 1890, 242.
— — Zanzibar, 1 892, 90.
— seed in Sierra Leone, 1893,
- 169.
Coville, Prof. F. V., Death Valley
dried plants, 1894, 370
—, — — —, — — expedition,
re eports of, 1894, 194.
Crab-grass, 1894, 386.
— wood, 1890, 170.
Cranberries, 1887, Sept., 5; Nov.,
Crassula aloides, N. E. Brown,
l.
1896,
— Colese, Baker, 1895, 214.
— Single N. rown, 1895, 144.
y var. rubra, N. E. Brown,
~ 1895, 145.
N. E. Brown,
1895, 145.
| 9.
;| — — — — Gold Coast,
Creagh, C. V.,
plants, 1895, 272.
Cremaspora coffeoides,
1896, 18, 144.
Crossotosoma sgyptiacum
Bornean dried
Hemsl.,
(see
Ice
Crotalaria aurantiaca, Baker, 1895,
213.
-— juncea, 1887. Sept., 19.
— laxiflora, Baker, 1895, 64.
— leucoclada, Baker, 1895, 214.
— Phillipsie, Baker, 1895, 213.
Croton ( Eucroton n) confertus,
Baker, ‘1895, 186.
Crowther, W., ‘death of, 1895, 1
—, —, Visit
1894, 224.
Cryptogams, interesting, at Kew,
4, 399.
Cryptolepis obtusa, N. E. Brown,
895, 110
Cryptomeria japonica, 1894,
Cryptophoranthus minutus, Rolfe,
1895
— oblongifolius, me 1895, 5
ora in S
Cuba, botanical ” exploration of,
1890, 37.
Cubebs, 1887, Dec
to the. West fu
m triloba, ut plate) 1888,
Catia industries at the Gambia,
42; 1890, 261; 1892,
1895,
165.
— — in oan 1894, 4
Cunnibghani; Allan, 1891,
Cunonia capensis, 1887, o"
IK
st África, 180, 195. .
Curtis, C., Malayan and —
9. :
dried plants, 1893, 36
Cushion va insect, 1889, 191.
n St. Helena, 1892, 50.
mea 1897, Sept, 20; 1894;
323.
—, pale,
1891, 31. o
Cyanotis somaliensis, C. B. Clarke,
1895, 229.
Cyathea dulitensis, Baker, sas
a medullaris, 1895, 203.
Cycads at Kew, 1892, 105, 310.
— on the Riviera, 1889, 297.
253
Cyelocheilon, Oliv. gen, nov. 1895,
222
— somaliense, Oliv., 1895, 223.
Md Faberi, Rolfe, 1896,
Oymbisepalum Baker, gen. nov.,
895,
— diea Baker, 1895, 103.
Cynanchum brevidens, N.
Brown, 1895, 25
£ zümbesiseum, AN. EK.
Brown, 1895, 257.
— clavidens, ÑN. E. Brown, 1895,
— —, va
--- complexum, N. E. Brown, 1895,
Mi Vus N. E. Brown, 1895,
— m num, JN. E. Brown, 1895,
— hastifolium, N. E. Brown,1895,
— p N. E. Brown, 1895,
Cynodon Dactylon, 1894, 277.
Cynoglossum J ohnstoni, Baker,
189 ; 29.
= nometra Lyallii, Baker, 1894,
Cypers rotundus, 1892, £
maliensis, C. 'B. VUES 1895,
229.
Chis tortilis, IN. E. Brown, 1894,
Cyphomantre betacea os fig.),
1587, Aug., 2; 1888,
— in Mysore, 1889, 2
Cypress, TUA 1892, 123; 1895,
189; 1896, 21
le on ebracteatum, Rolfe,
189
6,
— Henryi, Rolfe, 1892, 211.
— pubescens, 1892, 181.
— pusillum, Rolfe, 1892, 211.
Cyprus fr Aie 1888, 245
—, museum specimens from, 1887,
Sept.,
p
—, orange scale in 1891, 221.
pem cultivation - in, 1890,
—. so Mee = i an
—, wheat p , 1889, 1
Cyrtandra Condis, Tal, 1895,
Cyrtanthus (Gastronema) Galpini,
Baker, 1892, 83.
— Huttoni, 1595, 186.
|
|
Cyrtopera flexuosa, Rolfe, 1894,
3
— formosana, Rolfe, 1896, 198.
— papillosa, Rolfe, 1893, 336.
isa pr oliferus, 1891, 239,
r. palmensis, 1893, 115.
— inline, 1892, 53.
B.
Daerydium Franklinii 7 £j — 115.
Dagga, wild, 1887 LEGIT
Dahurian dried plants, 1892, 71.
Damzus sp. on sugar-cane, 1890,
85
5.
Ec Be New Caledonia,
1851,
Daartiara aded 1891, 76.
yllum ? conglutinosum,
aT.
Dasylirion quadrangulatum, 1889,
Dasylirions on the Riviera, 1889,
Date- -palm, 1896, 222.
— cultivation in Antigua, 1896,
26.
— — — South Australia, 1895,
Davies, H. J., 1893,
Dav alli ia (cose) ` pulcher:
rima, Baker, 1895, 5
Davy, J. B., 1892, 245.
—, —. a lifornian dried plants,
1896, 3
Dawodu, T. B., 1893, 365.
Dear, G, 1893,
d Valley dried plants, 1894,
370
—- expedition, 1894, it
Decades Kewenses, 1892, 8
23, 53, 102, 180, 315; 1896, 15,
36, 1 58.
Deccan rb 1887, Sept.,
1891, 204
Delphinium | i
1889, 1 189
19 ;
e plate),
Dematophora siete: 1806, i
Demerara pink root, 1888, 2 265.
Dendrobium curviflorum, Rolfe,
1895, 281.
254
prog glomeratum, Rolfe,
1894, 155.
— (§ Onychium) hainanense,
SR. em
— hamatum, see uris , 183.
== Hildebrand fe "i 182.
— inflatum, 1
— Leonis, 18 896. 1
— platycaulon, Rolfe, 1892, 139.
, 18
Dendrocalamus strictus, 1889, 283.
Dermatobotrys Saundersii, 1893,
Derris elliptica, 1892, 216.
Derry, R., 1896, 96.
Desert plants i in Egypt, disappear-
ance of, 1892, 287.
Desmodium (N — m i-
kense, Baker, 1895,
— tortuosum, Tapa; 18 ^
Dewar, D., 1893, 65.
Diagnoses Africans, 1894, 17, 67,
|
120; 1895, 63, 93, 141, 211,
247, 2
ao ther seio € 164.
cea plant,
Dus. s E N. Ci Brown,
1895, 151.
— purpurea, JV. E. Brown, 1895,
151. |
Diatræa nishai (see Chilo |
sacchara
Diaxenes dendeobi 1896, 62,
— Taylori, 6, 62.
Dichopsis ATS 1892, 296,
Gulta = , 280, i,
-— obovata, 1892, 215.
Diclis tenella, Hemsi., 1896, 165.
Dicoma quinquenervia, Baker,
1895, 2€
Dictyosperma fibrosum, Wright,
359.
4, 35
Didiséandra longipes, Hemsl.,
95, 114.
Didymozarpus crenata, Baker,
1896, 25.
Dilo-nut oil, 1887, Sept., 7.
Dimorphandra excelsa, 1887, Sept.,
— simi Rolfe, 1894, 345.
E Dioscorea hirsuta, 1891, 268.
1895, 230;
"sm acris, Hemsl, 1895,
136.
— Kurzii, 1887, Sep
Dipeadi oclidentuley Baker, 1895,
Diplomeris chinensis, Ro/fe, 1896,
203.
Dipodium paludosum, 1896, 122.
— A 1892, 284 ;
1893
Diseases of ioe r
Anbury, club- roof; or finger-and-
toe (with fig.), 1895, 129.
Anthracnose in vines, 1893,
228.
Arrowroot t disease, 1893, 202.
,
Begonia disease, 1895, 285.
Brunnissure in vines, 1893, 227.
Californian vine disease, 1893,
Calospora udo (with plate),
92, 1
8
Gaidelio, 1s, 67.
Cemiostoma coffeellum, 1894,
Cocoa-nut palm diseases, 1888,
62; 1893, 41.
Coffee-leaf disease 1893, 3
Central Af.
"(preventive measures), 1893,
— German East Africa,
~ 1894, 412.
—- miner y >
Colletotrichum falcatum, A
945 ; 1894,.169 ; 1895, 8
Dematophora neeatrix, 1896, 1.
Gleosporium Musarum, 1894,
281. :
Grape rust, 1893, 68. !
Hemileia vastatrix, 1893, 321,
361; 1891, 412.
Koleroga, 1893, 6
Melanconium Pandan, 1895,
Mildew on vines,
1890, 190.
Onion disease at Bermuda,
1889, 229 ;-
1887,
.* LI :
Pandanads, disease of, 1895,
2
Pellicularia Koleroga, 1893, 67.’
epper disease in Mysore, 1895,
178. -
255
Peronospora schleideniana (with
plates), 1887, Oct., 1
Phylloxera, 1891, 44
— in Asia Minor, 1889, 66.
— — South Africa, 1889, 230,
— - Uruguay, 1893, 372.
— — Victoria, 1890, 36.
Plasmotiophor Brassice (with
fig.), 1895
— califórnica, pt 228.
— vitis, 1893, 228.
otato disease in Poona, 1892,
238.
Root diseases caused by fungi,
Rosellinia
plate), 1
Sphae eloma ampelinum, 1893,
28.
Der da (with
Spot: — of orchids, 1895,
At. 3 z E
Sugar-cane diseases, 1890, 85;
1893, 149, 345; 1894, 1, 81,
154, 169; 1895, 81; 1896,
106.
—, gumming of, in New South
Wales, 1894, T:
—, root disease, 1893, 345;
894, 169;
- 1894, 895, 82.
Thielaviopsis ethaceticus, 1894,
Trichosplieria sacchari, 1893,
154, 169;
149; 1894, 81,
1895, 81; 1895, 106.
Uredo Viale, 1893, 68.
Vanilla disease, 1892, 111.
Viwe, disease in Greece, 1892,
1893,
Disivpeil fusco:pieta,
344.
Dissotis cryptantha, Baker, 1894,
Ditch-millet, 1894, 386.
Dizygotheca eb s Brown, gen.
nov., 1892, 197.
— leptophylla, Hemsl., 1893, 156.
—- Nilssoni, N. Æ. Brown, 1892,
— Regi æ, ZTemsl., 1895, 181
Diolichandvobe Hi Idebrandtii,
aker, 1894, 51.
— Hita Baker 1894, 31.
— latifolia, Baker, 1894, 31.
— obtusifolia Baker, 1894, 31.
— platycalyx, Baker, 1894, 30.
— Smithii, Baker, 1894, 30.
Dolichandrone stenocarpa, Baker, "
Dolichos lupinoides, Baker, 1895,
66.
— platypus, Baker, 1893, 289.
ombeya arabica, Baker, 1895,
315.
—- pulchra, WN. E. Brown, 1895,
142.
Dominica, 1896, 42.
— Botanic Station
359; 1894,
—, clove iat a in 1796, 1893,
80.
1893, 148,
—, cultural industries, 1894, 405.
—, economie resources of, 1887,
une,
—, fruits of, 1888, 19 7.
plants, 1887, July, 1
—, museum specimens bod. 1887,
Se ept., 17.
—,report of Mr. Morris's visit,
1891, 115
—, Sir R
1894,
Donnell- Saith, Capt. J., Central
American dried plants, 1896,
31.
dm C. Hamilton's report,
—, Guatemalan dried
E planis 1891, 246.
nn's Hortus Cantabrigiensis,
1895, 205. :
Doorva grass, 1894, 377.
Dorstenia brasiliensis, 1887, Dec.,
-— Contrajerva, 1887, Dec., 10.
Dosoris, New York, 1894, 60.
Doub grass, 1894, 377.
Double cocoa-nut at Kew, 1892,
105; 1894, 400.
Douglas Spruce spar at Kew, 1896,
97.
Dracena Braunii, 1893, 148.
— serrulata, Baker, 1894, 342.
Drakensberg dried plants, 1895,
Drawings of Indian and Malayan
plants, 1894, 135.
—— Mauritius plants, 1894, 136.
Drift-seed from Swansea Bay, 1893,
Drugs and medicines :
Aden Senna, 1892, 151.
256
Drugs and medicines —coné.
Cape drugs in Kew Mnseum,
1887, Sep
Cürdamoms, "agr, Sept., 13.
— 1 94,
Cinchona, 1888, 139; 1889,
ar 1890, 29, 54; 1894, 119,
327.
Coca, 1889, | i 1892, 72;
1894, 151,
Coleus OMS AE Speke 10.
Aiit 1887, Dec., 10.
Demerara Pink-root, 1888, 265.
Di made a plant, 1894, 193.
Eucalyptus oils, 1887, Sept., 5.
ambia native medicines, 1891,
Raed 1893, 371.
mboge, Siam, 1895, 139.
Cine. 1892, 107 ; 1893, 71.
G Prin
Holarrhena africana, 1896,
— febrifuga, 1896, 47.
Hotai, 1896, 94.
Hymenodictyon excelsum, 1895,
141.
Hyoscyamus muticus, 1896, 155.
Iboga root, 1895, 37.
Tpecacuanha, 1888, 128; 1896,
—, Trinidad, 1888, 269.
ipo oh poison 1891, 25, 259;
1895. 140.
Jaborandi, Paraguay, e 179.
Lathyrus sativus, 1894, 3 49.
Liquorice, 1893, 223; 1894, 141.
—, Chinese, 1896, 222,
Madagascar native medicines,
1890, 203.
Myrrh, 1896, 86.
es um, Benares, 1887, Sept., 19.
Piper ovatum, 1595, 237.
Quassia, 1894,
Quinine, 1888, 139; 1890, 29.
Senna, Aden, 189 92, 151.
_ Sephora seeundifiora, 1892, 216.
ar Anise, 1888, 173.
Tea oil, 1888, 264.
Drugs and medicines—cont,
Turnsole, 1889, 2
Y-dzi of Tonquin, 1893, 76.
Yoruba-land native medicines,
Dry rot, 189 33.
Drebane aromatica, 1887,
Sept.,
Duke cf Argyle, 1891, 292.
Duroline for Wardian cases, 1893,
341
Dutch grass, 1894, 383.
Duthie, J. F., Indian dried plants,
6,
, Kashmir dried plants,
~ 1893, $ 224.
Duvalia dentata, NV. E. Brown,
95, 265
Dyes and colouring matters
see wee gi "July, 1; Bonis
0, 141; 1892, 215,
303.
Bengal Kino, vdd Sept., 20.
core, E
Dye-yam, 1 S05, 2305 1896, 74.
Dyes of India, 1894, 321.
— — Madagascar, 1890, 205,
207, 208, 212.
— — Yoruba-land, 1891, 219.
— —- Zanzibar, de 90.
Gamboge, Siam, 1895, 1
Geranium eal dem 1896,
29.
Indian-yellow, 1890, 45.
-€Á a Indian, 1894, 322.
—, Paraguay, 1892, 179.
—, West African, ond 74, 268.
—, Yoruba-land I2 74, 209.
Maqui berries, 130.5
Purree, 1890, 45.
M 1887, Sept., 20.
mach, Ven an, 1895, 293.
Zalil, Peeni, 1889, 111; 1895,
167.
E.
— of Bute, 1891, 290.
— botanical tables, 1892,
East ‘Africa, ethene enterprise
in, 1896, 8
— —,. eds, 1894, 411; 1898,
178.
257
‘East Africa, German, coffee-leaf
disease in, 1894, 412.
list of plants introduced
curo, bs. Sit John Kirk, 1896,
82.
— Indies,
1893, 123.
— — , fibre-yielding Agaves, 1892,
—
coffee enterprise in,
—, ee acuan of the Brazil
m 1887, D
— —, — — Wot Indian food-
dern 1887, Aug., 1; 1889, 17.
sal hatip" A 1892, 37.
Ebony, Mili 1888, 135.
O m
Echidnopsis nubica, NE, Brown, |
1895, 263.
Mekao Wislizeni at Kew,
Edible "fungus of New Zealand,
Editheolea, N. E Brown, gen.
nov., 1895, 2
— grandis, N. E Brown, 1895,
9
Education,
maica, 1
—, technical, in horticulture, 1892,
Al.
agricultural, in Ja-
74.
Egypt, disappearance of desert
plants in, 1892, 285.
1894,
Ehretia acutifolia, Baker,
28.
— angolensis, Baker, 1894, 29.
Ekebergia capensis, 1887, Sept.,
11.
Eleis guineensis, 1891, 190 ; 1892,
62, (wi th plate), 200 ; 1895, 164,
— abuan, 1889, 259.
tices fauroensis, Hemsl.,
1896, 1
— A Hemsl., 1896, 158.
— rarotongensis, Hemsl., 1896,
Eleodendror croceum, 1887,
Sept.,
—- qua drangulatum, 1892, 137.
Elands Bontjes, 1887, Sept
Elephant beetle (with plate), 1893,
Elephantorrhiza Burchellii, 1887,
"Cardamomum,
ept.,
Elettaria 1887,
- Sept, 13
n 95233.
n E. A., Indian dried plants,
1896, 31. -
meian integrifolia, Baker, 1895;
E mdi at ion pay of, 1894,
133; 1895, 234
Engler, Dr. cw Demian dried
plants, dein
1892, 1».
— —, Tropical African dried
plants, 1891, 275
Entada scandens, 1893, 114.
Enys, Cornwall, 18938, 357.
Epicampes macroura, 1887, Dec, 9.
Epidendrum atrorubens, Rolfe,
1896, 46.
— bitubereulatum, Rolfe, 1892,
ti Seite dried plants,-
— Ellisii, Rolfe, 1894, 184.
— Hartii, Rolfe, 1894, 157.
— laucheanum, Rolfe, 1893, 62.
— mooreanum, J?o/fe, 1891, 199.
— (§ Barkeria) Palmeri, Rolfe,
189
, 6.
— Pfavii, Rolfe, 1894, 392.
— pumilum, Rolfe. 1893, 171.
— tricolor, Rolfe, 1893, 63.
Epipremnum mirabile, 1896, 71.
Episcia densa, Hemsl., 1895, 17;
96, 149.
Eragrostis abyssinica, 1887, Jan.,
2; 1894, 378. m
Eranthemum reticulatum, 1896,
— whartonianum, Hemsl., 1894,
Eria albiflora, Rolfe, 1893, 170.
— cexspitosa, Rolfe, 1896, 194.
— cinnabarina, ee 1894, 183.
— cristata, Rolfe, ì 892, 139.
( Dendrolirion) formosana
Rolfe, 1896, 194.
Erica bar Napa: Galpin, 1895,
148.
Eriodendron anfractuosum, 1890,
896, 204.
204; 1896,
Errata, 1894, 112, 314; 1895,
322 ; 1896, 128, 235.
Erythea armata, 1889, 294.
— edulis, 1889, 294.
Erythroxylon areolatum, 1889, 11.
TA. a (with fig.), 1889, 1 ; 1892,
—- —- at Lagos, 1890, 162.
— —, cultivation in po^ 1891,
151.
€
w
ap Re Coca, earliest notice
of 188
— in Crue, 1894, 152.
. novo- granatense (with
fig.), 1889, 1; 1894, em
— laurifolium 1889, 1
— macrophyllum, 1889, cb
1889, 11
— — var
108.
Esmeralda rubber of Guiana, 1892,
67,
Eucalypti i in Natal, 1895, 3.
Eucalyptus amygdalina,
pts
— coccifera, 1889, 61.
— -— at Kew, 1892, e
—- diversicolor, 188 87, S ARI LU
-— Globulus, 1887, Sept, 6; 1889,
= Shs ; 1895, 3
— at Kew, 1 |
— - gomphoceph ala, 1887, Sept., 6.
—, hardy species of, 1889, 61;
1892, 309.
— earn ne € Sept., 6.
— longifolia, 1895,
-— loxophleba, Mid, Sep
— marginata, 1887, “Sent z ; ; 1890,
— rostrata, 1887, Sept., 6;
3
Euchlena luxurians, 1894, 380.
Euclea undulata, 1887, Sept., 11.
Eucomis humilis, Baker, 1395,
152.
Eucommia ulmoides, 1895, 1
122.
EDT caryophyllata, 1892, 88 ;
1893, 17, 80; 1894, 41
Eulophia deflexa, Rolfe, 1895 5,192.
— dispersa, JN. E. Brown, 1892,
127.
— Faberi, Rolfe, 1 198.
pues Min. "Hemsl, 1893,
=~ cornutus, Hemsl., 1893, 209.
— = — myrianthus, Hemsl., 1893, 210.
: Sud sede msl., 1893, 210
Eupatorium (H:
es, nd 1895, t
1887,
1895, |
| — spicata, Baker,
eterolepis) celiba-
Euphorbia (Goniostema) esti.
Baker, 1894, 150; 1895
— (Rhizanthium) hadr niti,
Baker, 1894, 341
— (Rhizanthium) “Oblongicaulis,
Baker, 1895, 185
— us N. E. Brown, 1893,
— "Tiraealli, 1896, 68.
pedunculatus,
N.= Es
aaa
93,
Experimental cultivation at Port
Darwin, 1895, 9
F.
Fadogia triphylla, Baker, 1895, .
Fagonia Luntii, Baker, 1894, 330.
mmularifolia, Baker, 1895,
Fagopyrum tataricum, 1893, 1.
— —, var., 1891, 244.
— himalaica, 1893, 1.
maeroscypha, Baker,
Fagreea
1896, 25.
1896, 2
Fagus Cu nninghamii, 1889, 114,
Faham tea, 1892, 181.
False Sisal of Florida, 1892, 183..
Farmer, J. B., Perim dried "plants,
1895, 45. ;
Faroa Buchanani, Baker, 1894,
26.
— graveolens, Baker, 1894, 26.
— pusilla, Baker, 1894, 26.
Farsetia longistyla, Baker, 1895,
211.
Felicia linearis, N. E. Brown,
1895, 146.
Fern pit, cool, es Kew, 1894, 75.
Ferns an n Allies, hand list
of, 1895, 199.
—, ‘filmy, new house for, 1892,
— - of South Africa, 1893, 69.
Ferns, temperate, house for, at
Kew, 1892,
Ferula alliacea, 1895, 204,
— ja 895, 57.
n Narthex, 1565. 57.
Fever in cecoa-nut c HE in British
S 1893, 4
Bakani Pita (see Sisal eer OE
Betel-nut fibre, 1887, Sept., 14
Bombay Aloe fibre, 1890, 50 ;
1899, 36, 283.
Bow string hemp, 1887, M
1892, 129; 1893, 186, p.
Fib
91.
Central American Pita, 1887, |
Mar
China Grass, 1888, 145; 1889,
268, 284; 1896, 73.
‘Chinese fibres, 1891, 247.
Cocoa-nut coir, 1587, Sept., 19 ;
1889, 129.
Cotton, 1890, 13
1892, 90;
1896, 118.
Deccan hemp, 1887, Sept., 19
9
9j
Formosan fibres, 1
Hoope (Sid) ges 1892,
Ho "e fibre, 1889, 15.
Indian fibres, 1894, 321.
Istle fibre, 1887, Dee., 5; 1890,
Kanaff, 1887, Sept., 19; 1891,
04
Keratto, 1887, March, 10; 1891,
Madagascar fibres, 1890, 203.
Manila Aloe fibre, 1892, 36 ;
1893, 78.
— hemp, 1887, April, 1; 1894,
289; 1895, 208.
Mauritius , hemp, 1887, Mareh,
8; 1889
Mexican cud: 1887, Dec., 5;
Palmyra bass fibre, 1892, 148.
Past, Bahia, 1889, 237.
—, Madagascar, 1894, 358,
259
y, 1; |
|
|
I
1891, 49; |
1894, 191, 318; |
|
|
Fibres---con
Piassava, PUT 1889, 239.
Pine-apple fibre, 1887, April, 8;
1893, 208, 368.
Plantain and banana fibre, 1887,
April, 5;
Rafia, West ean 1895, 88,
207
Rajaahel hemp, 1894, 321.
Ramie or Rhea, 1888, 145, 273,
ww 297; css 268, 284; 1891,
277; 1892 2, 804.
Siberian perennial flax, 1890,
104,
Sisal hemp, 1887, March, 3;
90
abt, dg 58,
273; 1891, 176; 1892, 21,
141, 189, 217, 272; 1893,
206, 219, 227, $15; 1894,
189, 412; 1896, 119.
Spanish Broom, 1892, 53.
Sunn hemp, 1587, Sept, x
Udal fibre, 1887, Sert., 9.
Urera fibre 1888, 84.
West Afri dca bass fibre, 1891,
1; 1892, 299, »
Yoruba- land fibres, 1891, 219.
Zanzibar fibres, 1892, 87.
391, 204. | Fibre - extracting Machines and
"False Sisal of Florida, 1892, |
processes :—
Mauris hemp :—
taratte, 1890, cae
cicat Milite e or Istle :—-
Tallador (with fig.), 1890,
222.
amie :— :
American Fibre Co. | ma-
2
De Landtsheer WC is
1888, 275; 1889, 271.
eury - ae iceau process, . :
“1889, 272.
Fremery machine, 1892,
305.
Green machine, 1892, 305.
Kauffman machine, 1892,
Michette machine, 1889,
270.
New
trials, 1892
Papleaux system, 1889, 276.
c2
Orleans machine
260
Fibre-extracting machines and
processes—-cont.
Ramie :—
Paris IUE. trials, 1888,
273; 1,2377.
Plaisier ket 1889, 276.
hover chemical process,
1888, 277.
Till machine, 1889, 276
erc — 1888, 279.
Sisal hem
Albee Smith machine, 1892,
38; 1893, 216.
Barraclough machine, 1892,
Death & Ellwood a
Kennedy machine, 1890,
76.
Maden machine, 1893, 216.
Prieto machine, 1892, 274;
1893,
Raspador, 1892, (with fig.)
87, 274; 1893, 330.
Todd machine, 1894, 189,
413.
Villamore machine, 1892,
275.
Weicher machine, 1892,
275; 1893, 141.
Ficus (Urostigma) aldabrensis,
Baker, 1894,
— elastica, tUi; un 3 1892, 68.
-— — at Lagos, 189€ 78.
— —, cultivation i in aranti 1891,
100.
= — in Assam, 1896, 171.
-— — — Upper Burma, 1888, 217.
at Vogi 1888, 253; 1890, 89.
Fiji, banana disease in, 1890, 272;
1892, 48.
—, brands in, 1891, 273, 281, 286.
= dried plants, 1895, 20.
—, fruit trade of, E 297.
i 18 , 187.
~~, Museum Foe 1887,
Se ept., 7.
—, Pandani from, 1894, 195.
— hemp in, 1892, 37.
—, South-sea arrowroot, 1892, 51.
—, vanilla cultivation in, 1894, 205.
Filmy ferns, new house for, 1892,
Hen m petis
Fish hooks, blackthorn, 1896, 98.
— poison, Malayan, 1892, 216.
Flagstaff at Kew, 1896, 97
Flahault, Prof. C., Nostochinezx
from, 1891, 246.
lask-worm disease of bananas,
1890, 273.
Flax, Siberian perennial, 1890,
Flora, British Fungus, 1893, 26,
95, 234.
— Capensis, continuation of, 1896,
— of Aldabra Islands, 1894, 146.
ritish India, 1894, 225;
1896, 150, 234.
2i DA on note
to, 1894,
—— — Somali land, 1895, 158,
211
ome —
— — Ceylon, handbook to the,
1892, 250; 1894, 34, 297;
1895, 236.
— — China, 1889, 225 ; - 1894,
— — Florida, 1895, 79.
— Formosa, 1894, 227 ; 1896,
— — Macquarie Island, 1894,
—
oe Kinibalu, 1893, 187 ;
. 1895, 4
— — “Vincent and adjacent
islets, 1898, 2 2i
the Duos Grounds North
Giidi 1892, 4
Ma alay Péilhoda
rials for, 1894, 34.
Solomon Islands, 1894,
1895, 132, 159.
onga or Friendly
e 1894, 370.
t,
mate-
ati
— —» Tib 1894,
si ll Eg opical Africa, 1894, 17.
Florida, cultural industries? in, 1895,
36.
— dried plants, 1895, 7
effects of frost: in, 1895, 125,
E
—, false sisal - 1892, 183.
—, flora of, 1895, 79.
—, nonora in, 1895, 125.
—, Sisal hemp in enn 25
fidis] japoni ca, 1
3, 34:
Fluted seale-insect (with plats),
1892, 50
1889, 191 ;
261
Fockea ail N. E. Brown,
1895, 259.
Gc crdulsll N. E. Brown, 1895,
Fotidia clusioides, Baker, 1895,
104
Fodder grasses, annual, 1894, 375.
— —, ONE 1894, 373; 1895,
209 ; 1896
Food grains of India, 1887, Dec.,
7; 1888, 266; DOM , 2883;
1892, 232; 1893,
Forage plant, new, 1556. 188.
Forest a in Bavaria, 1890,
224; 1892, 143.
Dorsey in Natal, 1895, 1.
Formosa, botany of, 1896, 65.
—. E Paste of, 1896, 73.
—, Flora
miei Fol deinde 1888, 70,
=- gracilis, 1888, 69.
— rubber, 1888, 69.
Fossil plants of the (Coal Measures,
895, 123.
doc" fruit- -curing in, 1890, 265.
—, production of prunes in, 1890,
26 j$.
—, treatment of vines in, 1888,
270; 1889, 227 ; 1890, 196.
—, wine production in, 1890, 174.
er ge A., pap
Freycinetia Beccarii, Tail. 1896,
166.
— caudata, Hemsl., 1896, 167.
— Creaghii, Hemsl., 1896, 167.
— formosana, Hemsl., 1896, 166.
— humilis, Hemsl., 1896, 165.
— marantifolia, Hemsl., 1896, 164.
— philippinensis, Hemsl., 1896,
165
— rigidifolia, Hemd, — 165.
— chery = e 96, 167.
— Vid Hemsl. 166.
Friendly Mlán ds, "n a ‘of, 1894,
Fritillaria nobilis, 1896, 220.
Frog, West Indian, at Kew, 1895,
Frost ‘of 1895, effecis of, at Kew,
Fruit, cold storage of, 1894, 187;
1896, 33
— cultivation in the
1892, 218
Bahamas,
Fruit curing in the South of France,
1891, 265.
— growing at the Cape, 1893, 8.
—, home-grown, storing , 1895, 31.
— industries in California, 1893;
218; 1895, 125, 166.
-— room, Bunyard's (with fig.),
1895,
— trade of Fiji, 1893, 227.
mieten 1894, 352;
- 1895, 1
— — — icily, 1895, 266.
Fruits, Eda, 1888, 180.
—-, Barbados, 1885, 184.
| —, Bermuda, 1888, 216.
-, British Guiana, 1888, 192.
--, ; Canadian, 1887, Nov., 4.
—, Cape rey 1888, 15.
—, Ceylon, 1888, 248
—, , Colonial, 1887, Nov; 1 1889;
97.
yt
—, Cyprus, 1888, 215.
--, Dominica, 1888, 197,
— » Grenada, 1888, 188.
— Jamaica, 1888, 178
—, Lage; 1668, 224.
—, Malta, 1888, 234.
—, Mauritius, 1888, 20.
--,South Australian, 1888, 6.
—, ' Straits Settlements, 1888, 250.
1
—, Trinidad, 1888, 191.
— ; Victoria, 1888, 2.
—, Virgin Islands, 1888, 215.
=. brin Australia, 1888, 10.
9.
bar
Fungi, "Kusafiss, from Sir F.v von
Mueller, 1891, 246.
——, handbook of, 1892, 217.
—, coloured figures of, 1896, 31.
—, fleshy, collecting and pre-
serving, 1889, 25
—, root diseases caused by, 1896, 1.
Pingis, edible, of New Zealand,
1890, 217.
262
Fungus ie British, 1893, 26,
372; ;
Mii i 1887, Mareh,
10; 1890, 274
— gigantea, 1887, March, 8;
1893, 32
Furcræas on the Riviera, 1889,
892,
Fusanus spicatus, 1887, Sept., 7.
G.
Gents 1891, 261
morindoides,
SAO; $3
— Mess seori 281.
Galan
Galeoia dii ' Rolf, 1896, 200.
M stenophyllmn, Baker,
- Baker,
Galpin, E. E.. South African dried
plants, 1892, 104; 1893, 369;
1895, 1
Galpinia, N. E. Brown, gen. nov.,
1894, 345.
—— transvaalica, JV.
1891, 346.
Gambia, agricultural indiai ies at,
1889, 142 ; 1890, 261; 1892,
—, climate of the, 1892, 109.
—, cotton cultivation at the, 1894,
191.
— Delim itationCommission, botany
of, 1891, 268; 1892, 45.
— mahoga ny, 1890, 1 68.
— native medicines, 1893, 371.
— pagns or native cloths, 1894,
Gambier, 1889, 247; , 106;
1892, 76.
— in British North Borneo, 1892,
243; 1893, 139.
— industr y, apparatus peli in, in
Kew Museum
Gam mbege, Siam,. 1895,
Gammie, G; A., botanical tour in
- Sikkim, 1893, 297.
ellin ng of quien 1893, 66
ia Bue sohanapi, Bakery 1804,
— Tnb yi 1895, L E
E. Brown, |
| — South nk Africa, 1896, 178.
dope Chinese, 1891,
Garden cod at Kew Palace,
1893, 190
Gardens, additions to, 1888, 134,
137 ; 1891, 277; 1892, 51, 72,
309,
147, 186; 1894, 75, 135, 193,
gii, 398; 1895, 19, 155, 203,
Gatien G. H5 Sierra Leone dried
plants, 1891, 245
hie lateriflora, Heist; 1896,
Guographioal Congress, Inter-
national, 18
Geophila pe Rolfe, 1896, 18.
George IV., 314.
Geranium a N. E. Brown,
1895, 14
— walliċhianuw as a dye plant,
1896, 29.
Gerbera parva, . W.
1895, 27.
German . Co'onies
Africa, 1 394, 410..
—— — — and the Pacific,
1896, 174.
— East Africa, 1894, 411 ;
178
E. Brown,
in Tropical
1896,
—, m" leaf-disease in,
~ 1894, 412
5; 1892,
| — pem at Port Darwin,
ez
p
E
Ginseng, 1309; "1073 1893, 71.
Gironde, vine "cultivation in the,
889, 227.
Gladiolus caudatus, Baker, 1895,
— (Eugladiolus) — erectiflorus,
Baker, 1895, 293.
— (Heben) flexuosus, Baker, 1894,
—— ARAPERA Baker, 1895, 74. .
— oligophlebius, Baker, ae 43.
— oppositiflorus, 1892 os
— tritonoides, Baker, 1 5, 74.
Glaziou, Dr., Bra € ised ‘plants,
1891, 276; 1892, 3
Gleditschia "oficial: ` Hemsl,
Gea T J. M, 1892, 286.
263
E siamensis, Hemsl., 1895,
aos sock musarum, 1894,
2
Gloriosa Carsoni, Baker, 1895, 74.
Glossonema affine, N. E. Brown,
1895, 249.
—- edule, N. E. Hrown, 1895,
d echinata, 1896, 222.
— glabra 3, 323; 1894, 141;
bo
glandulifera, 1896,
-—- uralensis, 1896, 222.
Gold Coast Botanic Station 1891,
169 ; E 297 ; 1893, 160,
365; 1895, 1
T i n xe at, 1893,
foal offieor, visit to the
Wen Jodi, 1894, 227.
— —, cacao cultivation, 1895, 13.
— — — curing, 1895,
— —, ie cultiv ation, 1895, 12;
21,
— — — curing, 1895, 23.
— —, eiua] "industries, 1895,
165.
——
— —, export of rubber, 1895,
— —, fruits of, 1888, 223.
Gomphia discolor, Wright, 1896,
Good, Peter, 1891,
Goody era Henr yl, Rolfe 1896,
201.
— pubescens, 1892, 181.
Graham Kerr, c » Pilcomay o dried
plants, 1891,
Grain, preservation “of, from wee-
vils, 1 4.
Granger, W., retirement of, 1893,
lil.
Grantia Parisi iene? Baker,
1895.
Grape ens
3, 68.
Gra eus > "British Central
Africa, 18 1895, 188.
Grasses for dry regions, 1894,
74.
— of British India, 1896, 150
—, tropical fodder, 1894,
1895, 209; 1896, 1 5.
Gra y, J» , death of, 1895, 39.
Gray, S muel Frederick, biogra-
Phial tics of, 1891, 76.
Ea:
Greece, Phylloxera in, erroneous
‘report of, 1889, 236.
— vine disease i = 1993, 185.
Greene, Profess . L., Cali-
fornian dried aide: 1893, 66 ;
1894, 370.
Green-glass in plant houses, 1895,
43. "
-— grass, 1894, 385.
Greenheart, 1887, Sept., 15 ; 1893,
117.
Greenhouse
system of, 189
Greenland and Iceland dried plants,
1893, 225.
Grenada, arrowroot in, 1893, —
— Botanic am etas 1887, June, 8
July, 12; 1891,
— encao-growing in, (Jaba 136.
—, st resources of, 1887;
pip irme Kew
, 900.
— exhibits at Ti amaica Exhibition, :
1891, 167.
—. fruits of, 1888, 188.
—, museum specimens from, 1887,
Sept.,
—. orchids of, 1892, 188.
j photographs ‘of, in
Museum, 1892, 187;
225
Kew
1893,
—, report of Mr. Morris’s visit,
891, 145.
—, Sisal hemp in, 1892, 34.
Grewia aldabrensis, Baker, 1894,
147.
— batangensis, Wright, .1896,
158
Bees. bananas in, 1894, 298.
—, coffee production in, 1892, 251 ;
1893, 322.
—, dried plants from, 1891, 245.
Guide to Museum IL, 1893, 203.
— — — IIL, 1894, 74.
Guinea grass, 1894, 382. -
Gums and resins :—
Australian catechu, 1887, Sept.,
Bengal kino, 1887, Sept., 20.
Br stiliai Gum Arabic, 1885,
128.
Eucalyptus rostrata resin, 1887,
ept.,
Gum- -benjamin, 1895, 154, 195.
Gum-tragacanth, 1894, 36;
238.
1896, 94.
Dkfsno copal, 1888, 281.
64
Gums and resins—cont.
Madagascar gums and resins,
1890, 203.
New Caledonian dammar, 1891,
Shiorea robusta resin, 1892, 312.
Siam benzoin, 1895, 154, 195.
— gamboge, 1895,
puc dien australis
1887, Sept., 6.
Yoruba- tid gums, 1891, 219.
Gumming of bos „sugar gave in
New ‘South W ca $94, 1
Gut, Chinese tle E 1892, 999.
Gutta percha ne Dichopsis obo-
vata, 1892, 2
——; » Indian, 1898, 296.
- w process "for recovering
Es of, 1891, 231.
«T Sie rediscovery of, in Singa-
pore, 1891, : a
. Guzerat rape, 1 4, 96.
Gymnogramme (lius Baileyi,
Baker, 1892, 8
Gymnopentzia bilifora,
Brown, 1895, 26.
MO. NT decurrens, Stapf,
1894, 357.
resin,
X. E
H.
Habenaria einnebarina, Zo/fe,1893,
3.
Elwesii, 1896,
— omeiensis, Z?olfe, 1896, 203
— (Donaten) Phillipsii, Holfe,
1895, 227.
Hadramant expedition, 1893, 366 ;
1894, 194, 328.
—— , botany of, 1894, 328; 1855,
emia A berg somaliensis,
. Baker, 189.
Hamaria dxwrsdidéni, 1896, 150.
eton sativus, 1890,
amilton, Sir R. G. C. , Report on
Dominica, 1894, 406.
T., books T wd to
Library, Exe
Hanbury medallion, 1893, 187.
Hancock, W., Yunnan dried plants,
1895, 45, 5
Hancornia iig 1892, 67.
Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon,
es 250; 1894, 34, 227 ; 1895,
Hand list x ecd, 1896, 108. .
— — — and fern allies,
1895, Ta
— — — herbaceous plants, 1895,
232.
— — — orende, 1896
and ena 1895,
adi pris i 1896, 187.
Hansemannia "oblonga, Hemsl.,
1892, 125.
Harris, T. J., 1896, 217.
Harrow, R. L., 1893, 65.
Hartley, J. E., 1896, 218.
Haverfield, John, 1891, 289.
Haviland, Dr. G., Bornean dried
plants, 1891, 276; 1894, 136;
ganar 31.
eC Balu dried plants,
~~ 1899, 2 249.
p Sarawak dried plants,
- 1891, 2
TRUE sugar-canes, 1894, 418.
Haydon, W., 1893,
Hay-grass, 1895, 210; 1896, 116.
Hayti, dried plants from, 1892,
248.
| Hechtia argentea, 1896, 96.
Hedycarya solomonensis, Hemsl.,
5, 137.
Helianthus debilis, 1895, 272.
Helichrysum album, N. E. Brown,
95, 24.
— confertum, V. E. Brown, 1895,
ZU. yi *
— fulvum, N. E. Brown, 1895,
— reflexum, N. E. Brown, 1894,
35
— serpyllifulium, 1887, Sept., 9.
— tenuis, NV. E, Brown,
894, 99.
Heliotropium albo - hispidum,
Baker, 1895, 220.
— congestum, Baker, 1894, 336.
— drepanophyllum, Baker, 1894,
— phyllosepalum, Baker, 1894,
30
inea, flowers
Hemerocallis gramin
| used as food, 1889, 116. _
265
Hemileia vastatrix, 1893, 321;
1898, 361.
— — ms German East Africa,
1894,
Hemipilia OW Rchb. f., 1896,
203.
Henequen hemp (see Sisal hemp).
enry, Dr. A., Botany of Formosa,
Petipa 65.
o oS dried plants,
1894,
—, J. x. 18 895, 318.
Hepattos Amazonicw et Andine,
1892, 285.
Heptaplenrum En rd
erythrostachys, 1895,
Herbaceous plants at Kew, 1892,
var.
—Á "effects of frost on, at Kew,
1896, 7.
— —, hand- list of, 1895, 232.
Appendix I.; 18
Appendix Ivy 1892, Appendix |
Ic;...1893, Appendix ].; 1894
Appendix I.; 1895, mier |
I.; 1896, Appendix I.
Herbarium, additions to, 1891
245, 246, 263,275,276 1892,
49, 71, 72, 104, 151, 188, 245%,
249, 285, 311; 1893, 66, 145,
146, 224, 225, 313, 369 ; 1894,
135, 136, 166, 194, 195, 227,
370 ; 1895, 20, 38, 45, 46, 78,
79, 125, 157, 158, 159, 204,
272, 273; 1896, 31, 36, 187,
207.
Herbert, Dean, 1891, 321
Hermannia grandifolia,
Brown, 1895, 143.
— malveefolia, N. E. Brown, 1895,
pe dr d
— montana, N. E. Brown, 1895,
143.
Heard Hon. D. F. As Malaeca
dried plants, 1891, 246.
Heteronychus . atratus, 1892, 88.
Heterophragma longipes, Baker,
1894, 31.
Heres. rasis 1892, 67.
n Ce dm 1893, 159.
1895, 79.
Hibiscus igati, Baker, 1895,
2
— cannabinus, 1887, Sept, 19;
1891, 204.
|
|
| Holland, J.
Hibiscus esculentus, 1890, ?29.
and coffee of Sierra Leone
(with —À 1896, 189.
Hill Garden, Fatiixicn, 1891, 157 ;
1894 60.
—- gooseberry, oa 127.
r John, 1 1, 294.
Hillier, J. M: 1892, 309.
Himalayan Rubi, 1 895, 123.
cum bulbous violet i in, 1894,
368.
Hippeastrum procerum at Kew,
1893, 186.
Hirneola ‘sg. ars 1890, 21
irsch, ; Hadr amaut dried
plants, 1895, 315
Hirschia, Baker, gen. nov., 1895,
— anthemidifolia, Baker, 1893,
317.
EDS aecount of Kew to 1841,
; | Hola, Stapf, gen. nov., 1894,
I |
— multiflora, Stapf, 1225 123.
H., 1896, 147.
Holarrliena africana, 1895, 245;
6, 47.
| — febrifuga, 1896, 47.
| — glabra, 1896, 49.
-— tettensis, 1896, 4
Holm Lea, "Mass. , 1894 37.
xum Johnstoni, Rolfe, 1896,
Holy wood, 1893, 368.
MN T (Blackwellin) myrian-
thum, Baker, 1896, 25
Home, Sir Everard, 1891, 319.
Honckenya ficifolia, 1889, 15
Hong Kong, pu of caterpillars:
in, 1894, 3
M uide , typhoon i in, 1895, 46.
Hoodia parviflora, N. E. Brown,
1895,
Hooker, Sir William, d 327.
Hooker's Icones Plantarum, 1
52, 285 ; 1891, 133, 3 372; 1895,
19, 128, 199, 319; 1896, 56,
123, 1
Hooper, nos, 1893, 174.
Hope Garden , Jamaica, 189}, 15
1894, 160.
Horne, J., retirement of, 1892,
250.
Horse-radish tree, 1887, Jan., 7.
Horticulture and arboriculture i In
the United States, 1894, 37.
2966
Horticulture in Belgium, 1893, 162.
— ornwall, 1893, 355.
—, instruction in, 1892, 41
Hortus Ee
1895,
— Fluiitiehefs 1895, 273.
r, Bornean dried ferns,
24.
Donn's,
S 1896, 94.
Hoya a affinis, Hemsl., 1892, 126.
—- inconspicua, Hemsl, 1894, 213.
Huanuco Coca, 1894,
Huernia arabica, N. E Brown,
1895,
9.
— similis, JV. E. Brown, 1895,
265.
Humphreys, T., 1893, 20.
Humphries, A H, 1895, 155.
Huon pine, 1889,
Huskless barley, 1888, , 3
Huter, Rev. R., Indian dried plants,
1895, 1 57.
Sirsodtca utriculatum, 1894,
-—
Hylodes martinicensis, 1895, 301.
Hymenza Courbaril, 1888, 129.
— opes excelsum, 1895,
141.
RR ME 1895, 14
Hyoscyamus flaccidus, Wright,
1895 184.
— muticus, 1896, 155.
Hypocyrta hbri 1896, 1
Hypoestes aldabrensis, Baker,
94, 150.
Hypoxis floccosa, Baker, 1894,
357.
L
Iboga root, 1895, 37.
cerya ægyptiaca (with figs.), 1890,
91; 1891, 48; 1895, 322.
+ Purchasi (with plate), 1889,
— — in St. tae 1892, 50.
Ilex fertilis, 1892,
— humboldtiana, ison, 136.
— nigropunctata, 1892, 137.
= ovalifolia, 1892, 136.
~- pa a 1892, 132; 1893,
367.
11 “ verum. a (with = 1888,
Impatiens assurgens, Baker, 1895,
64.
— Batesii, Wright, 1896, 159.
-= gomphorhylla, Baker, 1895,
64.
— Han ie ba ied 1896, 21.
-— mirabilis, 1
?
Incarvillea Divin, 1966.1 122.
Index Flor Sinensis, 1889, 225
1894, 225.
— Kewensis, 1892,49; 1893, 342;
1894, 74, 400; 1895, 300;
1896, 29.
— to Kew Bulletin, 1887-91,
1891, Appendix IV.
Reports, 1862-82, 1890,
Appendix IIT.
India, bananas in, 1894, 260, 288.
—-, botanicai survey of, 1895, 56;
96, 220.
--, M. Flora of, 1894, 225;
1896, 15
—, — WEG Lang ceri note
flowers as an
tieid E fuod in, 1889, €
—, Cinchona in, 1894, $2’
—-, coffee in, 1894, 326.
——, cotton in, 1894, 318.
--,eultivation of coca in, 1894,
151.
—, destruction T beer casks by
borers, 1894, 1
—-, dyes of, 1894, AR
—, fibres of, 1894, 321.
—, focd grains of, 1887, Dec., 7 ;
1888, 266 1889, 283 ; 1892,
232; 1893
—, gr ass- growing in, 1894, 375.
—, indigo i in, 1894, 322.
—, introduction of Ipecacuanha,
1858, :
-—, manufactur e of quinine in, 1888,
133 0, 29.
—, museum specimens from, 1887,
S Pia 18.
—, rickly pear in, 1888,
—-, Southern, essaie in 1896,
32.
—, strawberries in, 1892, 106;
1893, 371.
—, sugar in, 1894,
cane
4, 324.
— code from, 18923,
m
88.
—, tanning waki he 1894,
32: 3 :
Ue
--, tea production of, 1894, 326.
267
India, vegetable resources of, 1894,
315.
—, wheat production of, 1894, 167,
—, wild products of, 1894, 315.
—, wormwood as a fodder plant
in, 1893, 126
Indian Archipelago, bananas in,
1894,
— buckwheat, 1893, 3,
— dried plants, 1891, 243; 1893,
224; 1894, 370; 1895, 157;
1896, 31.
— guttapercha, 1892
— plants, drawings dt 1894; 135.
— sugar, 1890, 71.
— yellow, 1890, 45.
Indigo factory, model of,
Museum No. 3, ee Sept., 18.
= — in India, 1894, 3
—, Paraguay, 1802, fF
— „plants, West African, 1888,
— ; Yoruté, 1888, 74, 268.
E cultiv ation of, 1890, 242.
Indigofera desmodioides, Baker,
-- ülsperian, 18 94, 371.
—~ polysphera, Baker, 1895, 65.
— tritoides, Baker, 1895, 214
Inhambane apel; 1888, 281,
Insect pest
Aleerodee cocois, 1893, 44, 58.
Anthomyia ceparum, 1887, Oct.,
18.
idiotus aurantii, 1890, 95;
(with plate) 1891, 221.
eetle larvae attacking orchids,
Beetles destructive to rice crops
in Burma, 1888, 1
Borers in es timber, 1893,
338;
Calandra saan 1890, 148;
1893, 5
oryz@, 1890, 148; 1893,53.
Gaterpitiars: plague of, in Hong
ng, 1894,
Cosi one coffidilim; 1891,
I
Chaetocnema basalis, 1888, 13.
142 ;
— Taylori, 1896, 62.
Insect. E s
Fluted scale ae 18S9, 191;
50.
1892,
Graptodera ore vi 1888, 15.
Heteronychus atratus, 1892, 8
eii Piraat ægyptiaca
(with figs.), 1890, 94; 1891,
48; 1895, 32
=~ Purehasi, 1989 (with plate),
191 92,
Insect injury t barrel staves
ie figs.), 1890, 181 ; 1894,
Li beris Monacha, 1890, 224 ;
1892, 143.
Locusts in the Caucasus, 1894,
215.
Megasoina aetzon, 1893, 44,
-— elephas (rith plate), jaos
Me tanastri eem 1894 cii
Mites on sugar-cane, 1890, 3
Moth borer, 1892 i with Ts,
158, 267; 1894, 172; 1895,
82, 85.
Nonnen pest, 1890, 224; 1892,
Och serheimeria bisontella, 1889,
184.
;eodoma cephalotes, 1693, 124.
— mexicana (with plate), 1893,
(Ecophora minutella, 1889, 134.
—— temperatella, 1889, 133.
Onion fly, 1887, Oct., 18.
ODE scale in Cyprus, 1891,
Okesa insignis, 1895, 162,
Oryctes insularis, ae 88.
— rhinoe eros, 1893, 4
Palm sevi (with ns 1893,
27.
Parasol ant, 1893, 50, 124.
Rhina barbirostris (with plate),
1893, 44, 58. -
— nigra (with plate), 1893, 44.
Rhyncophorus ferrogineus, 1893,
46.
— palmarum (with plate), 1893,
Shot’ borer, 1892, 108 (with
pite), 153, 267.; 1894, 138,
oionn sacchari, 1892
t with plate), 153, 267.
268
Insect pests—con
Sugar-cane siete 1892, 88,
108, 153, 267; 1895, 82.
Tarsonymus sp, on Begonias,
1895, 285.
— — — sugar-cane, 1890, 85.
Trypodendron signatum, 1890,
Weevil borer, 1892 (with plate),
153, 267
Weevils, preservation of grain
from, 1890, 144.
heat pest ‘in Cyprus, 1889,
133.
13
Xyleborus dispar, 1892, 163.
— morigerus, 1896,
== eni Re 1892, 108, E
plate) 153, 267 ; 1894, 1 38.
International "Cdopriphical Con-
gress, 1895, 235.
-— Phylloxera ‘Congr ess, 1889,227.
Tonidium durum, end 1895,180.
Ipecacuanha, 1888, .
— in Southern India 1896, 32.”
—, Trinidad, 1888, 269.
Iphigenia somaliensis, Baker, 1895,
Iphiona rs ae Baker, 1894,
333.
Ioh aker, 1891, 266; 1895, 140.
— poison of the Ma alay T eninsula,
1891, 25, 259 ; 1895,
Iponea(Strohipoma) acuminata, |
ker, 1894, 72
—— aspericaulis, Baker, 1894,
0.
— — Barteri, Baker, 1894, 70.
— -- benguelensis, Baker, 1894,
iini i Buchanani, Baker, 1894,
73.
— — Carsoni, Baker, 1894, 71.
-— — cephalantha, Baker,1894, 69.
-— (Orthipom saps cicatricosa,
Baker, 1895, 221
E (Strophipomea) diplocalyx,
Baker, 1894, 71
— (Orthipomæa) discolor, Baker, |
— — Blliottii, Baker, 1894, 69.
a) Hanningtoni,
— — hete direct Baker, 1895,
"7 292.
— — CUm MEC 1896,
oue (Sphinn) huil-
sis, Baker, 1894, 7
1
—( Strophipoma) megalochlamys,
aker, 1894,
— — Morsoni, Baker, 1894, 71.
— — mweroensis, Baker, 1895,
nuda, Baker, 1894, 72
— — odontosepala, Baker,
73.
1894,
— -— oxyphylla, Baker, 1894, 71.
— — pharbitiformis, Baker, 1895,
291.
— — phyllosepala, Baker, 1894,
69.
aiaa iiie — polytricha, Baker, 1894, 71.
punctata, Baker, 1895,
id
— repandula, Baker, 1895, 113.
— (Strophipomcea) 'shirambensis,
Baker, 42.
— ow Shee shirensis, Buker,
— (Strophipomoa) shupangensis,
Baker, 1894,
— (Euipomæa) sindica, Stapf,
1894, 346.
— (Aniseia) Smithii, Baker, 1894,
(Strophipomæœa) stellaris,
Bales, 1894, 73.
— — tambelensis, Baker, 1894,
72.
— (Or beg eee tanganyikensis,
Baker, 1895,
E (Stroph: pod) vagans, Baker,
1894, 70.
— — Vogelii, Baker, 1
— — Wakefieldii, Baker,
73.
1894 7l.
1894,
m N. E. Brown, 1894,
— (Octipoman) xiphosepala,
Baker, 1894, 6
— Stropi bondi) zambesiaca,
Baker, 1894, 70.
Ire rubber trees, 1895, 242.
Irideæ, handbook of, 1892, 217.
Irids, effect of frost on, at Kew,
yrds
Iroko wood, 1891, 43.
Irving, W., 1893, 65.
Ischemum angustifolium n
TA emi 1888, "157; 1894, 367
- in Formosa, 1896, 72.
269
Istle fibre, 1887, Dec., 5; 1890,
Ixianthes reizioides, 1895, 122.
J.
Jaborandi, vary ee 1891, 179.
Jaffa orange, 1894
Jamaica, e ieltre i r 1894, 159.
270, 275,
7302:
— Botanical Department, 1891,
156; a 73; 1894, 159;
i896, 1
—, Castleton Gardens, 1892, 73;
1895,
mA coffee i in, ame 322.
— cogw 9, 12 27.
—, cinchona i ^ "1589: 44.
— Exhibition, Te 1891, 155.
— fruits, 1888,
— india- rubber, dei 202.
—, minor industries 1894, 552.
—, museum specials "from, 1887,
Sept.,
—, orange-growing in, 1895, 125
—, report o of Mr. Morris's visit,
1891, 154.
-—. Sisal hemp i in, 1892, 32.
xi teh, 888, 86.
—, technical education in agri-
culi in, 1892, 74.
—, training of African natives,
1892, 7 5.
— walnut, 1894, 138, 371; 1896,
156.
Jamieson, A, death of, shat 281:
Japan, bamboo i in, 1892,
apanese dried plants, 1892; 151;
1893, 116
— vegetable ani Veitch col-
lection of, 1894, 14.
Sept., 6,
9
-— —-, borers in, 1893, 338; 1894,
-
Pr.
Lad
oc
Jasminum angolense, Baker, 1895,
— asphan ancdon, Baker, 1893, 13.
—- brachyscyphum, Baker, 1895,
93.
— brevipes, Baker, 1895, 93.
~~ Kirkii, Baker, 1895, 04.
— longipes, Baker, 1395, 94.
Jasminum microphyllum, Baker,
895, 93.
— nummularifolinm, Baker, 1895,
109.
— obovatum, Buker, 1895, 94.
— obtusifolium, Baker, 1895, 93.
octocuspe, Baker, 1895, 110.
—— oleecarpum, Baker, 1895, 95.
—- primulinum, mp 1895, 109.
-—- Smithii, Baker, 1
| — ternifolium, Baker, 1895, 95.
- Walleri, Baker, 1895, 95.
— — Welwitsekii, Baker , 1895, J.
Jatropha Curcas in For mosa, 1896,
68.
— erben ees o 1895, 227.
1894, 264, 265.
ar-van
Jet; J. F., 1894, 133.
Jesup timber collection; 1894, 45.
Jinzo, Prof. M., Japanese dried
plants, 1893, 146.
Job’s tears, 1888, 144.
Jodrell Laboratory, 1893, 158.
appointment of Honorary
_ Keeper, 1892, 245.
Johnson's Gardener's Dictionary,
new edition of, ra 63.
Johnston, Sir H. H., Mount
Chiradzulu ‘tied plants, 1896,
3
— — — —, Milanje dried plants,
1895 , 158.
Jones, T., 1892, 186.
Juan Ferrandez pi seeds of,
1895, 203.
—— sandal-wood, 1894, 110,372 ;
Juania australis, 1895, 203
Jugians A decenni 1894, 138,
371; 1896, 156.
Jute pdb sees’ in China, 1891,
253.
— in Formosa, 1896, 74.
—- — India, 1887, Sept., 19.
K.
Kaffir potato, 1892, 314
Kaiser Wilhelmsland, 1896, 182.
Kalanchoë pilosa, Baker, 1895,
— somaliensis, Baker, 1895, 214.
210
Kanaff, 1887, Sept., 19; 1891, 204.
Kangaroo grass, 1894, 377.
Kangra hactrhont 1891, 244;
893, 1
Kapok, 1890, 204 ; 1896, 204.
Karakoram Expedition,
plants from, 1893, 145.
— —, scientific reports of, 1895,
20.
dried
Karatas Plumieri, 1892,
Karonga ha aa eben. tion
of, 1896, 196.
Karri dues 1887, Se
aren: report of oes tour
1895, 56.
Kath, 1891, 31.
Kava root, 1887, Sept., 8.
Ker, William, 1891, 304
Keratto fibre, 1887, March, 10;
1891, 133.
Kew and the Colonies, 1895, 205.
"x Arauca imbricata at, 1893,
mboo garden, 1892, 15
—, oras flabisilicgrmás at, TM
— "Bulletin, selected papers from,
1893, 227.
— —, vols. out of print, 1894, 74.
— Cyathea medullaris. at, 1895,
ciiin de a t, 1892, 3
—, double cocoa- atat 1892, 105 ;
1894, 4
—, Douglas Spruce spar at, 1896,
97
v filmy ferns, house for, 1892,
1
87.
— Sagata at, 1896, 97.
= frost of 1895, effects of, 1896,
de Poetry of, 1896, 152.
—, Guide to Museum, No. IL
1895, 2
— —
m
—, o. III., 1894,
; hand: list of Conifers ‘grown |
3 e 108.
erns 9 fern allies |
grown ni iat 1895, 19 |
— dcm plants |
ET at, 1895, 232.
— — orchids grown at,
NE =
— trees e shrubs
Kew Herbarium (see Herbarium).
—, historical account of, to 1841,
1891,
—, injury by lightning at, 1895,
235.
ional
—, Internat Geographical
Congress, visit of, 1895, 235.
—, Jodrell Laboratory, 1893, 188.
—, "ul plan, new editition of,
(e 8]
189
— lake 1894, 134.
— —, pictures of, 1895, 303;
1896, 1 152.
— , large caeti at, 1895, 155.
—; w pines, removal of,
1895, 319.
E collection,
1894,
— pe (see Library).
—, list of o davra flowered at,
1890, 1891
— — Museum fies ‘Museu m).
, new seedling sugar-cane raised
at, 1896, 1 8.
—, North Gallery, 1894, 165.
—, number of visitors to, 1892,
51; 1898, 67 ; 1894, 32; 1895,
18, 271; 1896,
—, old sites at, 1894, 4.
— Palace, garden party at, 1893,
$86.
— — meadow, 1895, 74.
—, Palm House, renewal of heat-
ing apparatus, 1895, 42; 1896,
Hie
— — terrace, 1896, 29.
—, ' palms i in Mairet at, 1892, 31l.
—, pay of employés at, 1894, 133 ;
895, 234.
—, pelicans at, 1896, 98
ia :
—, Podocarpus spp. at, 1892, 106.
—, Relief house at, 1896, 96.
— ” Report S, 1862-82, index to, i
1890, Appendix III.
—, revision of Ordnance Map,
1894, 134.
—, Royal Scottish Arboricultaral
- Societ, visit of, 189
3, 340
| — seeds, distr ibution of, 1895, 319.
—, structural improvemeats at,
1894, 75.
— system of greenhouse construc-
eas 1895, 3
, temperate ferns, house for, ~
1892, 285.
271
Kew,
398 ;
<, vedo saute at, 1896, 61
—, West Indian frog at,
eii epe House, 1894,
1895,
01.
—, wire fence, removal of, 1895,
Khaya senegalensis, 1890, 168;
1894, 8 ; 1895, 79.
Kiærskou, H., G
land dried plants, 1893, 225.
-— —, Mexican dried plants, 1893,
Kiekxia vi ‘icana Aet ith plate), 1895,
1; 1896
Kilimanjaro dried plants, 1893,
Kinibalu, flora of,
1893, 1s 87 ; 1895,
Kino, Bengal 1887, Sept., 20.
King, Dr. G., dried specimens of
“Palms Yi A WDHACEES: 1892, 248.
—, — —, Indian dried plants,
~ 1894, 370.
—, — —, Malayan dried plants,
1891, 246; 1893, 145;
1892, 249;
42.
King’s House he Lt Jamaica, |
1891, 157 ; 1894,
Kingston Parade Gaede: Jamaica, |
60.
i
z m
1891, 157 ;
King William’s jut Botanic
Garden, 1895, 5
irk, Sir Rs experimental
garden at Zanzibar, 1896, 80.
e ronem list Bed plants introduced
“DY; 1896, 8
—, T, Macquarie Island dried
plants, 1894, 401
Kissena Nurseries, 1894, 61.
iim Evansii, "Baker, 1895,
— Mattila, Baker, 1893, 158.
95, 156.
1893, 158.
Kniphof’s "Bo tanica in Originali,
m erbarium vivum, 1895,
Kochia eriantha, 1896, 139.
— villosa, 1896, 140.
Kodo millet, 1894, 386.
a, 1893, 6r.
Koompassia excelsa, tee 156.
— malaccensis, 1896, 156.
Ke oorders, S. H., Malay an dried
plants, 1895, 20.
1895, |
reenland and Ice- |
| Korarima Cardamom, 1894, 400.
Krumbiegel, G. H., 1893, 66. j
Kum-Bum, Saec: tree of, 1896,
120.
Kyllinga microstyla, C. B. Clarke,
1895, 229.
L.
| Labiatz, tuberous, 1894, 10.
| — palm
Labiate with stinging hairs, 1892,
150.
| Labuan, African oil-palm in, 1889,
25
| Lactuca ( Sg si Fei qnl holo-
phylla, Baker, 1895, 148
— nana, Baker, 1895, 17.
(Seariola) stenocephala, -
Baker, 1895, 147. —
Lagos, Bolobolo fibre from, 1889,
Station, E: 148;
1890, 162; 1891,
= Botanic
1889, 69;
46.
ares d cultivated plants
—, cacao cultis ation at, 1896, 78.
ceara rubber at, 1896, 78.
m e oa-nut coir from, 1889,
—, ote planting in, 1896, 77.
a cultivation at, 1896, 78.
dre Jep 1892, 72; 1893,
2
ants, Tons: 224.
—, new rubber industry, 1895,
241; 1896, 76.
—, oil palm fibre, 1892, 62.
m oil, preparation of (with
plates), 1892, 200,
—,plant industries of, 1893, 180 ;
77
— rubber, 1888, 253; 1890, 89;
1895 J
?
Lahai na sugar: moet 1894, 418.
— ‘Kewl 134.
2. pictres of, 1895, 303;
1896, 1
Tan anyika, dried plants,
1893, 343 ; 1895, 46, 63, 288.
891, 326.
Lampong, 1891, 267.
eee florida,
183.
1892, 68;
1893,
272
Urge Kirkii, 1892, 68.
— Manni 1892, 68.
— vest 1889, 65;
68; 1893, 183.
— petersiana, 1892,
x e Berkeley, "Rolfe, 1894,
iis
sect
um, Rolfe, 1896, 46.
Lantana concinna, Baker,
223.
1895,
Lao tea, 1892, 219.
Lapeyrousia holostachya, Baker,
91.
?
Lasianthera papuana, 1892, 105.
Lathyrismus, 1894, 351
Lathyrus fodder, 1894, 349.
— sativus, 1894, 349.
— tuberosus, tubers of, Figs 164.
—- undulatus, 1896
L'Aubiniére, M. and Mie. y ERTES |
of Kew Gardens, 1896, 152
Lavandula macra, Baker, 1894,
339.
Lawson, M. A., death of, 1896, 185.
Lecanopteris carnosa, 1894, 398.
L^ ecuelle, 1892, 1
Leersia hexgtdr& i 4, 382
Leeward Islands, Botanic Stations
in, 1894, 419.
Leguminose collection at Kew,
1894, 134.
Leigh, F. G., 1893, 365.
etim floridana, 1893, 225
Lemon and Lime trees as hedge
Wette, 1896, 186.
—, essence of, 1895, 269.
— industry in Sicily, 1895, 266.
271.
,
i Lentin nus curti ipes, Massee, 1896,
ae Leonotis laxifolia, McOwan, 1893,
E pi 1887, Sept.,
Leopoldinia Piassaba, 1589; 287,
Lepsnthes gracilis, Rolfe, 1892,
Dói Friesii, 1894,
Lepistemon leiocalyx, Siae 1895,
Leppett tea, 1896, 10.
cas (Lox stoma) Colex, Baker,
"1895, 226.
— errem Jamesii, Baker,
895, 225.
zi paucijuga, —
Baker, 1
L’Heritier, 1891, pie
Leucas ee one thymoides,
1895,
Liberian coffee, 1890, 245 ; 1893,
d 1895, 273.
at Gold Coast, e 300,
303; 1895, 12, 21,
— == Lagos, 1 189 6, 8:
dicat Settlements,
1888, : fet. 1890
— —, cleaning in PER 1895,
96.
—, husking in London not ad-
visible, 1893, 132.
— husks, 1887, Se
— — in British fen yn
1895, 190.
— --- — North Borneo, 1893,
E
— — — Jamaica, 1895, 79.
Sierra Leone, 1893, 167.
| — —, pulping, 1893, 204.
— —, yield of, in Malay Peninsula,
1890, 107 ; 1892, 277
Library, additions to, 1892, 150,
248; 1893, 22, 147, 369; 1894,
78, 137, 167; 1895, 46, 156,
Light-wood, 1889
— Ü injury by, at Kew, 1895,
Likir, 1891, 26:
iliaceze, arborescent, on
Riviera, 1892, 1.
—, new, from Cape, 1892, 217.
Tropical Africa, 1893,
the
? ,
148.
Lilies, Bermuda, fest 309, 353.
Lilium bulbifer flowers and
bulbs used as tial 1889, 116.
used as food,
1889, 11
Lily over Wn bulbs used as™
food,
ones bijou, 18 116. -
trees as nese plants, 1896,
—, West Indian, 1894, 11
Linarís patula, Baker; 1895, 222.
Linden, table oil from, 1894, 218.
Lindley, A nt A Royal
Gardens, Kew, 1891
RE Evindar) pv
Baker, 1896, 40.
Linneeus’s Systema Nature, 1894,
Linney, A., 1894, 192.
273
Linum perenne, 1890, 1
Liparis Henryi, Rolfe, 1896, 193.
— Monacha, 1890, 224; 1892,
45.
— pauciflora, Rolfes 1896, 193.
Liquorice, 1894,
, Chi
aoa.
the Caucasus, 1893, 223.
Liriodendron tulipifera, 1896, 223.
List of economic plants sent from
ew to African Lakes Com-
pany - Livingstonia Mission,
1896, 8
— -— intr a economic plants
in Dominica, 1887,
— — orchids flowered at Kew
in 1890, 1891, 52.
Lister, J. J., Tonga Islands dried
plants, 1892, 1
Listera RE Rolfe, 1896,
— in
Littledale, St. George R., Tibetan
dried plants, 1896, 99, 207.
Littledalea, Hemsl., gen. nov. 1896,
215.
— tibetica, Hemsl., 1896, 215.
Livingstonia Mission, list of
economic plants from Kew,
1896,
Lobostemon eryptocephalum,
cima 1894, 30.
Lockhart, David, 1 1891
Locusts at the ‘Gold Soit 1895,
T
the Caucasus, methods for
eterea 1894, 215.
Lodoicea sechellarum at Kew,
1892, 105; 1894, 400.
egenolfioides,
Baker,
Lonchocarpus cyanescens, 1888,
74, (with plate) 268.
Lonicera Alberti, 1895, 40.
Loranthus (Dendrophthoë) celebi-
cus, Hemsl., 1896,
=- — mweroensis, Baker, 1895,
Lort Phillips, Mrs., Somali-land
dried plants, 1895, 158, 211.
Tourya campanulata, 1896,
Loxa k, commercial value of,
1890, 54.
Lubbock, Sir J., contribution to
our knowle edge of seedlings,
1892, 313.
Lueddemannia triloba, Rolfe, 1895,
283.
u 95238.
Luffa Batesii, Wright, 1896, 161..
Luisia amesiana, Rolfe, 1893,
= Cantharis, Rolfe, 1895, 193.
— Hancockii, Rolfe, 1896, 199.
Lunt, W., 189 3, 366; 1894, 194,
348.
—, Hadramaut dried plants,
Lupinus somaliensis, Baker, 1895,
213.
Lyne, R. Ne
Lyperia Hig oe “Galpin, 1895,
— punicea, N. E. Brown, 1896,
163.
Lysiloma Sabicu (with plate), 1887,
Dec
Lysimachia gendo Hemsl.,
1895, 107, 3
M.
Macaranga porteana, as. 122.
Macmillan, H., 1895,
Macodes sanderiana, Rolfe, 1896,
47
Macoun, J. M., Canadian dried
qnte 1896, 31.
MaeOwan, Prof, South tue
dried pee 1898, 146; 1894,
Macquarie Island, Flora of, 1894,
epot parasiticum, 1887,
Sarrioesta spiralis, 1887, Sept.,
Madagascar, Achyrospermum sp.
from, 1892, 150.
—, bananas in, 1894, 4, 266.
— dried plants, 1892, 49, 104.
— ebony, 1888, 135.
.—, economie plants o of, 1890, 200.
— ’ piassava, 1894,
— sandal-wood, 1888, 136.
~~ tea, 1888, 87.
Madras Agri.-Hort. Society, 1892,
286.
Magnolia parviflora, 1895, 122.
ae horse-flesh, 1887, Dez.,
— Ta British Honduras, 1892, 72.
— — Fiji, 1892, 187.
D
Mahogany, West inen 1890,
168; 1894, 8; 1895, 7
Mahwa flowers as an article of food,
1887, Sept.,
Maize, sei oa t from British Guiana,
1895, 10.
—, proliocton of, in Natal, 1887,
Malacea, dried plants from, 1891,
246.
mag viticulture in, 1894, 34.
Mal ay fish poison, 1892, 216.
— Peninsula, Ipoh poison of, 1891,
259.
,
—, materials for a Flora of,
T. LI
ield iat oe coffee in,
2, 211.
Malayan dried plants, 1891, 246 ;
1892, 248 ; 893, 145, 369;
meat a
ts, (eii of, 1894, 135.
Malta, fruits of, 1888, 2
EO E bark and extract, 1892,
edes Glasiuti: 1892, 67.
at L
— —, at Lagos,
— —, — the Gambia, 1889, 146,
148, 151.
— — in Jamaica, 18968, 79.
— =, IC mr to Grenada,
1887, July,
Manila ‘aloe Pica, 1892, 36; 1893,
=> hemp, 1887, Apr.; 1; 1894,
9; 1895, , 208.
- North Banio,
— — put 895, 208. —
Maple Sugar, 1895, 127.
Maqui berries for colouring wine,
1890, 34.
Maragogipe ene 1894, 163.
Marantas, 1894, 193.
Margaretta Bitat N. E. Brown,
1895, 255
— orbicularis, N.-E. Brown, 1895,
Mariseus somaliensis, C. B. Clarke,
1895, 229.
Market gardening in Great Britain,
.. ., 1895, 310.
cea
Marsdenia profusa, N. E. Brown,
1895, 258.
= tenacissima, 1894, 321.
Marshall Islands, 1596, 183.
Marsilea Drümmondii, 1892, 216.
Mascarenhasia utilis, 1895, 199.
Masdevallia corn nicula ata, var.
3:
in-
flata, 1 ;
—— pit, at Kew, 1894, 75.
—- pusilla, Rolfe, 1893, 335.
assee, G., 1893, 26, 144.
Masson, Francis, 1891, 295.
Massonia jasminiflora, 1896, 122.
Mauritius, agricultural resources
of, 188 887, eb., 6.
vba ananas in, 1894, 266.
— fruits, 1888, 20.
—, Government experimental farm,
~ Carepipe, "gr
— grass, 1894
— hem p, 1887, [s 8.; 1889, 61.
— — s ea poling of, 1893, 321.
—, hurricane in, 1892, 189, 312.
— industries, 1887, Feb , 4.
museum specimens on; 1887,
pt.
— — drawings of, 1894, 136.
sugar-cane disease in, 1894, 81.
— ten, 1891, vex
— vanilla,
1892,
Maxillaria meat Rolfe, 1892,
210
— mooreana, Rolfe, 1895, 36.
— parva, Rolfe, 1895, 193.
— sanguinea, Rolfe, 1895, 8.
MeLounie, J., Milanje dnd plants,
1895, 158.
Meadow ——— 1895, im :
ealy bug a exandria,
94; 1891, 48. -
inilia- iflora, HemsL., 1895,
135. his
— -Mortonii, rss 1894, 211
Meehan’s Nursery, Philadelphia,
1894, 63.
Meen, "Margaret, “ Exotic plants
emÁ oe € Gardens, Kew,"
1893,
Megaclinium Clarkei, eee ea
— imschootianum, Rolfe, 1895, 8.
=- laor dn Rolfe, 1591. 198.
— minutum, Rolfe, 1892, 5.
— pusillum, Roles, ma 362.
— triste, eil
Megasoma elephas Gri “Plate
893, 44
275
Melanconium Pandani, 1895, 320.
Melhania erythroxylon, 1893, 66.
err Herbertii, Rolfe, 1893,
Melon near, ser
894, EE 1895, 321
Money strychnoides, Baker,
1895,
Menzies, "Archibald, 1891, 299.
Merulius lacrymans, 1894, 33.
ENT NO acinaciforme,
1887, S
— edule, 1587, Sep ts 9:
Metanastria peksti, 1894, 396.
Metroxylon Rumphii, 1894, 414.
— Sagu, 1894, 414.
Mexican dried plants, 1 275 ;
1893, 146, 224; 1895,
— fibre Ke stle e, 1887, Debs 5;
,
bid; “1887, Dec.; 9.
Mexico, "prickly pear in, 1892,
144.
Microstephanus, NV. E. Brown,
gen. nov., 1895,
— cernuu
249.
9.
oN E. Brown, 1895,
Mierostylis ^ macrochila, Rolfe,
895,
Mieng, 1892, 219
Mikania ues i, Baher, 1896,
Milanje, botany of, 1892, 121.
ce ae 2, 123 ; 1895, 189 ;
EC
—, teste si, 1892, 124.
—, dried plants from, 1895, 158.
Mildew on vines, treatment of,
* 1889, 229; 1890, 190.
Millen, T 1896, 1 147.
— —, Logo dried plants, 1892,
72; 146.
Milleitia eat ra, 1887, Sept.,
bitibd: dried
- plauts, 1891, 2 206.
Mimusops capitata, Baker, 1895,
-— puse Baker, 1895, 148.
— dispar, N. . Brown, 1895,
— longipes, Baker, 1895, 149.
ye oe ata, V. E. Brown, 1895,
-—— " oleifolia, AN. E. Brown, 1895,
- - pachyclada, Baker, 1895, 149,
Sept., 11.
‘coe ma, , Hemsl, 1895, 134.
>
Mirabou wood, 1887, Sept., 15.
Missouri Botanic Garden, 1894,
Mitchell grass, 1894, 377.
Miyabe, Dr. ey J^ apanese driéd
plants, 1893, 1
Moir, J., Shiré "Highlands dried
plants, 1893, 112.
Moist exeess of, effect on
plants, 1893, 189.
Momordica dissecta, Baker, 1895,
ture,
Montserrat, 1887, June, 4.
Botanic Station, 1891, 122;
1894, "420.
-, coffee i in, 1894, uu
——, fruits of, 1888,
——, report ‘of Mr. Mores visit,
oon, Alexander, 1891, -—
oore, J. C., 1895, 1 155.
Mora wood, 867, Sept., 15.
Morea Carsoni, Baker, 1894, 391.
— ventricosa, Baker, 1895, 73
Moreton Bay pine, 1893, 225.
Moringa aptera, 1887, Jan., 7;
—- pterygosperma, 1887, Jan., 7;
1892, 284.
Mormodes rolfeanum, 1895, 299.
Morrell timber, 1887, Sept., 6.
Morris, D., Mission to West Indies,
Mostuea fuchsiafolia, Baker, 1895,
—- orientalis, gom irte. 906.——
—- Walleri, Baker,
nm borer, em (n m per 153;
4, 172 ;
Mont ' Chiesdaulu dried plants,
3
ope Nurseries, MÀ
N. J., 1894,
Mucuna erecta, Babe; 1895, 65-
Mueller, Sir E. von, Australian
= =s 1896, 31. ee:
L fungi, 1891, 246.
wi) au 44, death of, 1896, 218.
-, New Guinea dried
~ plants, 1893, 14
Mulberries, spirits
from, 1893,
Mummy pea, 1894, 371.
M unby, Giles, photograph of, 1894,
Md acuminata, 1894, 2
rican species of, ied 225.
p2
?
276
Musa miei 1894, 260.
— Banksii, 1894, 246.
— Cavendishii, 1894, 244,
fig.) 2
g.
=- cliffortiana, 1894, 257.
258.
87,
ms pus 537, 240, 2
`- — Fehi, 1894, 246, (ig) AT, 289;
96, 33.
— Fitzalani, 1894, 247.
v EXE 1894, 249.
— glau 1894, 4, 245
— fr, 1894, 246; "1895, 77.
— Hookeri, 1894, 25 56
—, key to the ’sub-genera and
species of, 1894, 23 8.
— lasiocarpa, 1894, (with M ) 243.
— Ree 1894, 225, 241.
— macu ulata, 1 ,257
nana, 1894,
— nepalensis, 1894, 243.
oscidea, 1894, 225, 241.
5
— salaccensis, 1894, 2
— sanguinea, 1894, 258, (plate) |
259.
— o enn MEA piers 1887,
4 5; 1894
a ar eee 1894,
— paradisiaca, 1894, pite)
~ 232, 250.
— — "Troglodytaram, 1894, 250
— — vittata, 1894, 250, (plate)
251
— sikkimensis, 1894, 2
, Species and Send varieties
E: 1894. 229.
— „ Hong Kong, 1894, 249.
— raon. 1894,
— superba, 1894, (with, fig.) 242,
— — Thomsoni, 1894, 2
= on 1887, Apr E
48, (fig. ) 290;
= = ps Va amboinensis, 7804. 248.
1894,
psi 2)
ii. a
Musa velutina, 1894, 258.
257.
Museæ, Synopsis of the, 1893,
187.
M coffee, 1889, 281.
ilosa, Baker, 1895, 105.
Musszen oe Pec beccariana, 1895,
Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de
Paris, Nouvelle Archives du,
1894, 137.
— No. II., Guide to, 1895, 203.
— No. III., Guide to, 1894, 74.
Museums, Kew, additions to, 1887,
222, 228, 247, 311; 1893, 22,
145, 187, 225, 226; 1894, 76,
110, 135, 164, 226, 400; 1895,
236, 272, 302 ; 1896, 98.
ushroom spawn, artificial pro-
pee of, 1894, 168.
Myosotis exquinoctialis, Baker,
1894, 29.
Myrrh ‘and Bdellium, 1896,
Myrsine cryptophlebia,
1894, 149.
Mysore, “ste of pepper plants
in, pad
86.
Baker,
| —, fruits of, 1889, 21.
N.
Nardoo, 1892, 216.
Natal aloes, 1890, 1 163.
— dried lants, 1893, 146 ; 1895,
3, 158.
—, forestry in, coi
—, fruits of, 1888,
=, maize siokia, in, 1887,
Sept., 12.
—, museum specimens from, 1887,
Sept., 13.
—- tea, 188, 87.
— cultivation in, 1887, Sept.,
,
1
—, Urera fibre of, 1888, 84.
“Nature-printing of plants, 1895,
205.
ectandra Rodiœi, 1887, ze
15; 1898, 117.
277
Nelson, David, 1891, 296.
Nemesia albiflora, N. E. Brown,
18 :
Neogoezia, Hemsl.,
1894, 354
— gracilipes, "Bi 1894, 355.
— minor, Hemsl., 1894, 35 5.
—- planipetala, icut, 1894, 355.
rc o Smilesii, Hemsl. 1895,
gen. nov.,
Nepeta decolorans, Hemsl., 1896,
213.
— suavis, Stapf, 1896, 1
Nephelaphyllun: discum. Rolfe,
1896, 1
— cristis Rolfe, 1896, 194.
Nephrodium (Sa ware Mentel
1
— (Eunephrodium)
Baker, 1896, 41.
Nestlera virgata, N. E. Brown,
1895, 25.
New Caledonia, bananas in, 1894,
250, 287.
ammar from, 1891, 76.
— Cape Liliacez, 1892,
oosorum,
-— ——
,
73; 1890, Appendix II.; 1891,
Appendix II. ; 1892, Appendix
II.; 1893, Toug IL; 1894,
; 1895, ‘Appendix
92,
-— e dried plants, 1892, 72 ;
1893, 146.
— seed T Jamaica
bananas for, 1892, 151.
— orchids, 1891, 197; 1892, 137,
08; 1893, 4, 61, 169, 334;
1894, 154, 182, 361, 391; 1895,
5, 33, 191, 981; 1896, : 44.
— plants introduced by Sir John
Kirk from East Africa, 1896, 82.
— rubber induerri in Lagos, 1895,
241; 1896, 76.
seedling sugar-cane in Queens-
ind, 1896, 167.
— South Wales, cold storage of
fruit, 1894, 187.
— ——, gu umming of sugar-cane
COME 18941, 1
—, Royal Society of, 1892,
iiis Zenland contributions to Kew
Museum, 1894, 110
New Zealand dried plants, 1893,
146.
— —, edible fungus of, 1890, 217.
— —, fluted scale- insect in, 1889,
— — fruits 1888, 13.
— —- Inst itute, 1894, 4, 397.
gc ce dried "plants, 1895,-
Pe in, 1896, 125.
Neuwiedia Griffithii, 1895, 198,
Nicaragua, bananas in, 1894, 278.
— rubber, 1892, 69.
Nicholson, G., awarded P
Memorial Medal, 1894, 1
notes on Rr see in
-. Belgium, 1893, 164.
—,—,—-— — United States,
894, 37.
Nicotiana breviloba, Jeffrey, 1894,
102.
preg xuosa, ice 1894, 101.
— 'Tabacum, 1 vind
Niépce, 1891, 03.
Niger Coast ‘Protectorate Botanic
_ Station, 1895, 164.
T^g anieal enterprise in,
1891
Nilgiris dried plants, 1891, 240.
—, osiers for, 1896,
Nolinas on the cn 1892, 9
onnen as n Bavaria, 1890,
224; 1892,1
North ‘Borneo, iet cultivation of,
1894, 41
— Gallery, 1894, 165.
xican dried plants, 1895,
125.
Notizblatt des Kónigl. bot. Gartens
und Museums zu Berlin, 1895,
Nothoscordum borbonicum in St.
Helena, 1892, 5
— attat 3i Jes 1892, 50.
Notylia brevis, Rolfe, 1895, -
Nouvelles Archives du Mus
HS ES. Naturelle de Paris,
189:
ices F : F.,
as a weather indicator, 1890, 1.
Nut-grass, 1892, 50.
Nutmeg à in South Australia, 1895,
Abrus precatorius
Nyasaland, dried plants, 1892, 249.
—, J. Buchanan’s journey in, 1891,
—, South, 1896, 114.
278.
O.
Oak of Mamre, 1893, 22 6:
— gna in South Africa, 189-4,
e ary :—
Bartlett, H., 1891; 99...
arstensen, Ga 1802, 251,
Perry, W. W., 1894, 397.
5
a .
Woodruff, G., 1891, 95.
Ochna floribunda, Baker, 1895,
Ochsenheimeria bisontella, 1889,
134.
Ocimum basilicum, 1893, 371.
— staminosum, Baker, 1895, 224.
— verticillifolium, Baker,
Ocotea bullata, 1887, Sept., 10;
kd
Odontoglossum auriculatum, Rolfe,
1892, 140.
— guttatum, Rolfe, 1892, 140.
Odum, 18 895,
Oecodoma cephalotes, 1893, 1
— mexicana (with plate), 1863,
Oecophora riinntella, 1889, 134.
— tempera dC
Ogea gum, 207.
Oil, ^ oo dtd 21887, Sept., 5.
— of Ben , 1887, Jan., 7.
pum, di 1891, 190; 1892, (with
gs.) 200
— — = is 189
—- in fei Min 259.
Sierra Leone, 1893, 168.
e secum —
1895, |
Oil plants in S. Australia, 1895,
a= seeds from West Africa, 1892,
247.
ele Zanzibar, 1892, 89.
Oils, table, from beech and linden,
1894, 218.
Okro fibre, 1890
= Calabar test OTHER 1895,
-—— ial » Kew, identification of,
: 1894
f. etse macrodonta, Baker,
,
— rotata, Baker, 1895, 216.
Oldfieldia africana, 1894, 8.
Olea laurifolia, 1887, Sept., 1
iver, Prof. D., award of Royal
medal, 1893, 188. -
— —— portrait of, 1894, 78.
Olyra concinna, 1896, 123.
Omar Khayyam’s rose, 1894, 193.
Oncidium — brevilabrum, Rolfa;
1894, 158.
— cristatum, Rolfe, 1892, 210.
— lucasianum, folfe, 1894, 185.
898, 172... or
Oncinotis gracilis, Stapf, 1894,
Onion disease at Bermuda, 1887,
6, T.
Ophioc. auloa Rowlandi, Baker,
1895, 16.
| Opbiopogon clavatus, Wrights
MEE 1893, 342.
pileoides, Hemsl.,
Ophiorrhiza
, 98.
— rupe estris, — 1894, 212.
Opium, 1887, , 19.
Opuntia rtc at Kew, 1895,
6.
15
— arbuscula at Kew, 1895, 156.
— coccinellifera, 1888, 170.
— Dillenii, 1888, 16:
— fulgida at Kew, — 156.
— iem mas 1888, 171.
— Tina ee
-= — 1858,
Opuntias as lodiit., Les 1888,
1895, 5
Orange-growing in California,
221.
F , 1895, 125, 1€6.
imc: i = Jainhien, 1895, 125.
279
Orange-growing in Sicily, 1895,
e i
Orchids attacked by beetle larva,
1896, 62.
— flowered at Kew in 1890, 1891,
—, hand-list of, 1896, 56.
—-,new, 1891, 197; 1892, 137,
1893, 4, 61, 169, 334 ;
1894, 154, 182, T 391; 1895,
6, 33, 191, 281; 1896, 44.
—, nomenclature of, 1891, 193.
—, spot disease of, 1895, 302.
— with economic properties, 1892,
181.
Ordnance map, revision of, 1894,
Oreosolen unguiculatus, Hemsl.,
1896,
Ornithidium fragrans, Rolfe, 1894,
c
um, Rolfe, 1894, 395.
Ornithogalum ie diphyl-
, Baker, 1895,
=- (Cath) nene
1893, 21¢
— ere
nae,
Baker,
sordidum, Baker,
Orthe insignis, 1 595, 162.
Orthosiphon calaminthoides,
ker, 1895, 225.
== Cameroni, Baker, 1895, 72.
— comosum, Baker, 1895, 184.
— molle, Baker, 1895, 225.
ryctes insularis, 1892, 88.
Osiers, 1896,
Osmanthus Cooperi, Hemsl., 1896,
18.
Ba-
Osmitopsis asteriscoides, 1887,
Sept., 9.
Ostrowskia magnifica, 1896, 123.
Othonna disticha, JN. E. Brown,
1895, 1
Mee yellow-wood, 1887,
tes
Oxalis bigo as Baker, 1895,
64.
— tricophylla, Baker, 1895,63.
Oxyanthus Monteiroæ, E.
rown, 1892, 125 ;
Ox ora macrocarpus, 1887,
s
Cid tra (§ coc ma-
erantha, Hemsl., 1895, 132.
Oxytenanthera abyssinica, 1892,
46 ; 1893, 341.
Zs
Pachypodium — N. E
Brown, 1892, 1
Pachyrhizus Pind (with plate),
1889, 121; 1895, 47; 1896, 68.
ew
Paliurus hirsutus, Hemsl.,
— orientalis, Hemsl., 1891, 387.
Palm ouse, Tear iM omen. of
plants in, 1892, 105...
— —, renewal of heating appar-
atus, 1895, 42 ; Y 97.
-— — mii een 1896, 2
— vil in eR Aen
(with pe 1893, 27
Palmer, Dr. £, Me xiean dried
plants, 1891, 275.
Palmetto weevil, 1893, 29.
Palms at Castleton. Gardens,
Jamaica, 1895, 79.
—, dried specimens from Dr. Xue
1892, 248.
— ts flower a at Kew, 1892, 311.
— — Formosa, 18
—— on the Rivier 1889, 292,
—, Sago,
Palmyra fe fibre, 1892, 148.
— palm, 1892, 186.
Palo Santo, 1893, 368.
Pandanads, disease of, 1895, 320.
Pandanus Jo skei, 1894, 195.
— odoratissimus, 1898, 2D. oc:
—- reflexus,
yi
1895, 319
stoni, Wright, 1894, 348.
— Thursto
Panicum voli: , 1894, Ke
— colonum, 1894, 382 ; 1896, 116.
asediu, 1887, Dec., 8.
— maximum, 1894, 382.
— molle, 1894, 383.
— muticum, 1894, 384.
— spectabile, 1894, 385.
— texanum, 1894, 28 85.
ME Rhoeas, var. latifolia, 1896,.
126.
280
Para grass, 1894
—- piassava, 1889, pud 239.
— rubber, 1892, 67,
— m yield of, in "Ceylon, 1893, ,
Paradisia minor, Wright, 1895,
118.
Paraguay indigo, 1892, 179.
—~ Jaborandi, 1891, 179
— tea, 1892, 132.
Parasol ant, 1893 (with plate), 50,
124.
Paris Hebarium, dried plants from,
92, 151.
— trials of Ramie-decorticating
machines, 1888,
Paronychia (Anoplonyehia) soma-
liensis, Baker, 1895, 226.
Parrotia jacquemontiana, 1896,
220.
Parsons, À., 1896, 96.
Paspalum conjugatum, 1894, 385.
— distichum, 1894, 386.
— sanguinale, 1894, 386.
— serobieula 1894, 386.
Passiflora (8G im retipetala,
. T. Masters, 1893,
— (§ Astrophea) idus; Mek:
Masters, 1893,
asteur, M., faneral of, 1895, 299.
Patchouli, 1888, 75 133; 1889,
Pavetta
1895, 145.
— trichantha, Baker, 1894, 148.
Pay of employés at Kew, 1894,
133; 1895, 234.
Payena Leerii, 1891, 237.
Peanuts in S. Australia, 1895, 101.
Pedicularis flaccida, Prain, 1893,
157.
disarticulata,
Pelargonium dispar, JV. E. Brown,
144.
Pelexia maculata, Rolfe, 1893, 7.
olivacea, Rolfe, 1891, 200.
— saccata, Rolfe, 1895, 195.
Pelicans at Kew, 1896, 98.
Peliostomum calycinum, JN. E.
own, 1894, 390.
Pellea lomarioides, Baker, 1895,
Pellicularia ee 1893, 67.
Pencil cedar, 1889, 1
Pentas confertifolia, pa 1895,
glabrescens, Baker, 1895, 215.
oleas, Baher, 1 — '66.
Galpin,
Pentas modesta, Baker, 1895, 290.
Testzis * viga , 1896, 129.
accensis Ridley,
85.
Pepper cultivation, 1893, 370;
— in Siam, 1893, 230.
— plants, disease of, in Mysore,
1895, 178.
Perak, planting i in, 1891, 220.
Peraphyllum ramosissimum, 1895,
Perfumery mee! cultivation of, in
the Colon 9.
Pergularia neta N. E. Brown,
1895, 259.
Perim dried plants, 1895, 45.
Pernambuco rubber, 1892, 67, 69.
Peronospora phe. (with
plates), 1887, Oct.,
Perpignans, 1893, 1
Perry, Fleet- Paymaster, 1894, 397.
ersia, eun " Turnsole
in, 1889, 2
—, white tea £i 1896, 157.
Persian dried plants, 1891, 275,
189
, 145.
— tobacco or tombak, 1891, 77.
— Zalil, 1889, 111; 1895, 167.
Peru, bananas in, 1894, 268
—, economic resources of, 1893,
353
Peruvian colonisation, 1893, 351.
— walnut, 1893, 353; 1894, 140.
Petalactella, E E. Brown, gen.
E]
— Bebes WV. E. Brown, 1894,
pet D. New Zealand dried
iis 1893, 146.
picem grandiflora, Hemsl.,
1895, 1
M uicit 1896, 149.
oseus, Rolfe, 1893, 6.
Phaleria ambigua, 1896, 122.
Philippine Islands, bananas
1894, 263, 289.
Phillipsia, Rolfe, gen. nov., 1895,
3.
in
— fruticulosa, Rolfe, 1895, 223;
1896,
Puan humilis i in Formosa, 1896,
Pholidota cantonensis, Rolfe, 1896,
196.
281
Pholidota r aeie, 4803, 6.
epens, Rolfe, 18
Phylloxera, 1891, 44.
—, American vines as stocks in
infected areas, 1889, 22
— in Asia Minor, 1889
— — Greece, erroneous report of,
1889, 236.
— — South Africa, 1889, 230, 255.
372.
—, International CAPERE at
Bordeaux, 1881, 1889, , 997.
-— regulations at Te Cape, 1889,
255.
I sosiphon guatemalensis, Rolfe,
i 197.
— ‘Lindl eyi, Rolfe, 18
Physurus chinensis, Rolfes 1896,
Piassava; Bahia, 1889, 237.
Picræna "excelsa, 1894, 4
Pike, bd North Canadian
dried plants, 1892, 49.
cane i dried ‘ohn, 1891, 276;
1892,
-- expedite ion, botany of, 1895,
as in n Ciiis, 1891, 251, 257.
uw wes ROrmos
6, 73
== = e the > United States, 1893,
208
— at Lagos, 1896, 78.
Sierra Leone, oo 169.
Pinetum at Kew, 1896, 113.
Pink-roo t, Demerara, 1888, 265.
Pinus bahamensis, 1896, 61.
— cubensis , 1896, 61.
ee 1896, 61.
a oad T
— Pinea, monstrous ‘cone of, 1894,
6.
Piper Cubeba (with plate), 1887,
— methystieum, 1 eels Sept., 8.
of, in ih,
1895, 178.
= in Trinidad, 1894, 79.
— ovatum, 1895, 237.
Piperovatine, 1895, 237.
Pipt taden nia Buchanani, Baker,
Piptospatha Ridleyi, 1895, 122.
stachio cultivation in Cyprus,
Pita, Bahamas. (See Sisal M
—, Central American, 1887, Mar
Pithecolobium polycephalum, 1895,
306,
Pittosporam eriocarpum, 1896,
123.
—- resiniferum, Hemsl., 1894, 344..
Plantain and banana fibre, 1887,
Apr., 5 ; 1594 s
— cultivation in British Guiana,
pt S Brassicæ (with
Platykeleba, NV. E. Brown, gen.
nov., 1895, 250.
— insignis, N. E. Brown, 1895,
Plectranthus betonicefolius, Baker,
— densus | N. E. Brown, 1894, 12..
— esculentus, N. E. Brown, 1894,
— floribundus, N. E Brown, 1894,
12.
— —, var. longipes, V. E. Brown, .
1894, 13.
— incanus, 1894, 13.
— madagascariensis, 1892, 313;
, 1895, 7
primulinus,
== iibdeatus, Baker
— (isodon n) m.
1895, 292.
v — Sieber, 1 1894, 1
acaulis, Beaker, 1895, 73.
— ipte
| ue ” bicarpellata, Stapf,
1894, 2
Pigtails inflata, Rolfe, 1894,
4,
— maculata, dr 1893, 334.
— parva, Ho olfe, 1895, 33.
e pergracilis, Rolfe, 1893, 334.
-— pernambucensis, Rolfe, 1994.
-— puberula, Rolfe, 1893, 169.
— rhombipetala, Rolfe, 1893, 4.
282
Pleurothallis rotundifolia, Rolfe,
95, 191.
— Eee ote 5,2
sepala, Rolfe 3t 208.
-— Fere uv Rolfe, 1 2, 137.
— unistriata, Rolfe, 189g 334.
Pluchea laxa, Baker, 1895, 182.
— mollis, Baker, 1895, 182.
Plume-thistle, meadow, 1895, 47.
Podocarpus celebiea, Hemsl., 1896,
39.
1887,
— latifolius, 1887, s 10.
— A nee Sept.,
— Th rgii, 1895, 3.
Podochilus longicalcaratus, Rolfe,
1894, 186.
Pogostemon d var. suavis,
1888, 71, 183; 1889,
Polyalthia ‘Scheffer, Stapf, 1892,
195.
em ms centralis, Baker, 1894,
Polycyenis Lehmanni, Rolfe, 1894,
Polygala dhofarica, Baker, 1895,
181.
a Galpini, 1895, 299.
— producta, N. 'E. Brown, 1895,
— somaliensis, Baker, 1895, 211.
Polygo onum ( Bist orta) constans,
Cummins, 1896, 2
— (§Aconogon) tibeticum, Hemsl.,
1896, 214.
Polynesia, bananas in, 1894, 265,
Polypodium qe ria apici-
dens, Baker, 1895, 5
— (Pleuridium) srenarium, Baker,
1895, 56.
— LI ii eyélobasis, Baker,
, 42.
E Phepspea) dissitifolium,
Baker, 1895, :
— (Phymatodes) dulitense, Baker,
,21L
— ( Goniopteris) firmulum, Baker,
1893, 21
Sc ange griseo-nigrum,
min 1895, 55.
— Phyma m —
Uu. (UN t
10;
dcm em a nee New-
toni, Baker, 1896, 41.
— (Phegopteris) spher opteroides,
Baker, 1895,
— (Phyliütofes).
Baker, 1895, 55.
Polystachya Buchanani,
subimmersum,
Rolfe,
— bulbophylloides Rolfe, 1891,
— Justo Rolfe, 1893, 172.
— Kirkii, Rolfe, 1895, 282.
— zambesiaca, Rolfe, 1895, 192.
Poona, potato disease in, 1892,
Populus alba in Kashmir, 1895,
—
rt Darwin, experimental culti-
men at, 1895, 99.
Posoqueria macropus, 1896, 122.
Potato disease in Poona, 1892,
nae
A. E., Chinese dried plants,
1! 391, 276; 1892, 286.
Preservation of grain from weevils,
—— plan ts, Schweinfurth’s method
for, 1889, 19.
Prickly pear, alchohol from, 1888,
172.
— — as fodder, 1888, 167.
— — in India, 1888, 170.
— — -— Mexico, 1892, 1 144.
— — — South Africa, 1888, 165.
— ——— — Report of the
Seleet Coinuiiéte on the eradi-
cation of, 1890, 186.
silo experiments with, 1888;
Prieto fibre-extracting machine,
1893, 329.
Primula barbicalyx, Wright, 1896,
24,
Prince Regent, 1891, 310.
Printzia laxa, NV. E. Brown, 1895,
Pritzo's Iconu Botanicarum
Index, supplet to, 1895, 124.
Prochynanthes bulliana, 1895, 232.
Prual, 1891, 266; 1895,
Prune industry of Galion, 1892,
259; 1893, 175, 2 9. :
Prunes, curing of,in eid 1890;
—, production of, in m South of
. France, 1890, 263,
283
pr x Rolfe, gen. nov.,
1892,
— Comins si ` Rolfe, 1 892, 128.
— discolor, Rolfe, 1893,
— utile, 1895, 3
Pueraria t thunbergiana, 1896, 68.
P'u-érh tea, 1889, 118, 139.
Pulicaria Aylmeri, Baker, 1895,
16.
— Soke TM 1894, 333.
Pulu, 1887, S 5.
Punjab, teat “specimens from,
892, 73.
Purree, 1890, 45.
Puya edulis, 1889, 2
SA aiita nii. Baker,
— ver an Baker, 1895, 71.
Pyrola c: 1895, 57.
Pyrus tægifolia, 11894, 193;
1895,
— (§ Malus) Prattii, Hemsl., 1895,
— sikkimensis, 1895, 232.
Q.
Quassia as an insecticide, 1894,
Queensland, arrowroot in, 1893,
331.
—, bananas in, 1894, 281.
-— cherry, 1895, 272.
—, coffee cultivation in, 1894,
— Colonial Botanist, abolition of
post, 1893,
— dried plants, 1891, 275; 1892,
J
—, new seedling sugar-cane in,
1896, 167.
Quercüs JEgilops, 1858, 163.
— alnifolia, analysis of acorn-cups,
,165.
— Cerris in South Africa, 1894,
— Ilex, analysis of acorn-cups,
888, 165
DEBE analysis of acorn-
cups, 1888, 1
-— pseudo-coceifera, 1893, 226.
== Suber, 1 215.
Quinine, nce of, in India,
1888, 139; 1889, 29.
R.
Rafia from West Africa, 1895,
88, 287.
—, preparation of, 1895, 91.
Railway gardening in the United
States, 1
Rajmahal Nm 1894, 321.
Ramie or Rhea, 1888, 145, 273,
297 ; 1889, 268, 284; 1891, 277;
1892, 251 304.
— leaves » food for silkworms,
1890, 1
— machine du 1891, 277; 1892,
304.
—, machines and processes for
extraction of, 1888, 273 ; 1889,
284.
Ramisia brasiliensis, 1895, 319.
Randia malleifera, 1888, 74.
ape, Guzerat, 1894, 96.
Raphia Gzrtneri, 1895, 90.
— Hookeri, 1895, 90
-— Mu gpl "RS 90.
— Ruffia, 1
"-— vinifera, Toit 1 1895, 90.
— —- in Lagos, 1893, 181, 183.
— Welwitschi, 1895, 90.
Raphionaeme angolensis, JV. .E.
ee 1895, F
gran re N. E. Brown,
1895,
— longifolia, N. E. Brown, 1895,
ances N. E. Brown, 1895,
ILE
Raspberry jam wood, 1887, Sept.,
Rauwolf a macro Stapf,
=- Masi ‘Stapf, 1894, 21.
— mombasiana, Stapf, 1894, 21.
Recueil a Pintes Robert, Bosse,
and de Chastillon’s, 1896, 32.
Red Myrtle, 1889, ad
1890,
St. AEAN 1893, 66.
Relief house P Kew, 1896
Renanthera imschootiana, Rolfe,
1891,
Restrepia dentata, Rolfe, 1892,
a
— i aA Rolfe, 1892, 138.
284
Restrepia sanguinea, Rolfe, 1896,
= Shuttleworthii, Rolfe, 1892,
1
Rhagodia parabolica, 1896, 1
Rham mnus leucodermis,
1895, 31
Rhigozum zambesiacum, Baker,
Baker,
18
Rhina barbirostris (with plate),
1893, 44.
-— nigra (with plate), 1893, 45.
Rhizophora Mangle, 1892, 227.
Rhododendron Fordii, Hemsl.,
94, 5.
— formosanuth, Hemsl., 1895,
183.
— Hancockii, Hemsl., 1895, 107.
— Smirnovi, 1896,
Rhododendrons in "Cori, 1893,
356.
1896,
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa,
127.
— Coriaria, 1895, 292.
inoides,
— Seines Poher, 1895, 316.
— myriantha, Baker, 1895, 213.
—- succedanea, 1594, 15.
Rhynchosia comosa, Baker, 1894,
99.
Rhyncophorus cruentatus, 1893,
29.
— ferrugineus, 1893, 29.
— palmarum (with "plate), 1893,
27.
Ribes bracteosum, 1895, 156.
Rice, black Burmese, 1892, 232.
in Burma, beetles de-
185,
vation in Bengal, 1888,
— — — South Australia, 1895,
— grass, 1894, 382; 1896, 116.
in Formosa, 1896, 72.
Richardie Pentlandii 1895, 77
— Rehmanni, 1895, 272.
Ridley,H.N., Malayan dried plants,
1893, 369.
Riocreuxia profusa, V. E. Brown,
Riviera, Agaves and arborescent
. Liliacee on the m
—, gardens of the, 188 288.
obert, Bosse, and de Chastillen? s
st = Recueil de Plantes, 1896, 32.
ee Robinia — in fruit, 1893, 341.
Rockhill, W. W., Tibetan dried
Root diseases caused by fungi,
1896, 1;
== fungus, sugar-cane, 1893, 345 ;
895, 82.
ose ite and pressing in
‘Saxony, 1893, 229.
— —- under glass in the United
States, 1894, 66.
—,Om ar Khayyam's 1894, 193.
Rosellinia radiciperda (with plate),
Roses, attar or otio of, 1893, 22.
Rose woods, Canary, 1893, 133.
Rowland, Dr. . Lagos dried plants,
1893, 369.
-, Tro oem African dried
moms 1893, 146.
Royal Niger Company, 1891, 85.
— Scottish Arboricultural Society,
visit to Kew, 1893, z
— Society of New South Wales,
1892, 60.
Rozites gongylophora, 1893, 126.
Rubber, African, 1892, 68, 70
—, Carthagena, 1892, 68, 70.
—, Ceara, 1892, 67, 69.
— Central American; 1892, 67,.
69.
—, Colombian, 1890, 149; 1892,
— cultivation z: Assam, 1896, 171.
—, Mine
discs Coast, 1895, .
165.
os in 1895, 1896, 77.
—, —, Forsteronis, "ei 69.
— in Sierra Leone, 1893, 168.
— EET new, in Lagos, 1895, .
241; 16.
emet 1888, 292.
—, Lagos, 1888, 252 ; 1890, 89.
—, Mangabeira, 1892, 67, 69.
ion, pros
— producti pect
Central Africa,
British 1895,
91.
285
Rubber, sources of supply, 1892, 67.
— trade in Upper Burma, 188
— tree, Tre, 1895, 241.
— trees in J amaica, 1895, 79.
— — uth Australia, 1895,
Rubbers , West African, 1889, 63.
Rubi, Himalayan , 1895, 123.
Rubus biflorus, 1895, 1 123.
— ellipticus, 1894, 196; 1895, 123.
— flavus, 1894, 196.
— lasiocarpus, 1895, 123.
— asiostylus, 1894, 192; 1895,
199.
— moluceanus, 1895, 123.
— Eee 1895, 5
racemosus, 1895, L4
— — roenfolius 1895,
. cor dE Et 124.
osepalum
dee edition, Ge Jd.
nzori
Scott-Elliot's, 1895, 77.
S.
Sabicü wood, 1887, Dec., 4.
Saccharine,
88, 23.
Saccolabium hainanense, Rolfe,
1895, 284
— longicalearatum, Rolfe, 1894,
RE Rolfe, 1893, 64;
1895, 2
Sacqui “2 Agave rigida, var.
elonga
Sacred tree of Kum-Bum, 1896,
Safllower, 1887, Sept.,
Sago M Mente in North Borneo,
1894, 4
St. eh bananas in, 1894, 275.
— —, fruits of, 1888,
— —, Icerya ’Purchasi in, 1892,
—, Mauritius hemp from, 1887,
March, 10.
St. Helena, Nothoscordum borboni-
cum in, 189 .
redwood of, 1893, 66.
St. Kitts-Nevis, 1887, Jun e, 4.
— BT uis Station,” 1891,
126; “1894, 4
suas früitS; 1588, 215.
-— A re of Mr. Morris's
~i; 1891, 124.
— Lucia Botanic Station, 1891,
1 -
—— — rules for, 1891, 163.
— —, economic resources of, 1887,
June, 2,
— —— exhibits at Jamaica Exhibi-
tion, 1891,
— —, fruits d 1888, 1
—, report of Mr. Morris s visit,
€— Sisal hemp in, 1892, 35.
as ary’ ;
1 a
— Vincent arrowroot, 1893, 191,
360
— — Botanic Station, 1891, 141,
144 ; rine 92 ;. 1894, 80, 366.
— lan of Curator’s
house; 1892, 93.
— — exhibits at Jamaica Exhibi-
— —, fruits of, 1888, 187
_—, pi 0 rt of Mr. Morris’s visit,
1891, 1
, Sisal hemp i in, 1892, 35.
Saintpaulia ionantha, 1893, 165
95, vc
Salix alba, 1895, 239.
Salsola Delonte Baker, 1894,
— hadramautica, Baker, 1894,
— Kali in the United States, 1894,
— leucop DE od 1894, 340.
Salt bus shes, 1
Salvia schiedeana, Staph, 1 1896, 19.
— yunnanensis, MVright. 896,
Sandalwood, Australian, 1887,
Sept.,
—, Jua €— 1894, 110,
- 372;
iis Mi hapa r, 1888, 1
Sansevieria efid, 1887, May,
— — in South Australia, 1895,
101.
286
Sansevieria Ehrhenbergii, 1892,
129.
— fibre from Somali-land, 1892,
— guineensis, 1887, May, 5.
the United Sos 1893,
NC 1887, May, 8; 1893,
186.
— longiflora, 1887, May, 7.
— roxburghiana, 1896, 186.
= be of leaves of, 1887,
— a he 1887, May, n
— thyrsiflora, 1887, May
a zeylanica (with pists), 1887,
s uie ag. Aiia 1805; TOT.
Santalom albi, 1894, 15, 110.
— fernındezianum, 1894, ni, 372;
1895, 204; 1896, 56.
Sapium sachet 1890, 149;
1892
Sararanga s sinuosa, Nu 159, 27 3.
Sara 1892, 249
Sarcanthus arie vis "Rolfe,
1895, 9.
Sarcochilus erassifolius, Rolfe,
1894,
— hainanensis, Rolfe, 1896, 199.
— muscosus, Rolfe, 1893,
Sarcolena codonochlamys,
Biker,
Sarda melon, 1894, 75; 1895, 321.
Sassafras w ood, 1889, 116.
251; 1896,
Savage cloth, 1891,
a
Saxony, rose-growing and pressing
in, 1893,
vola similis, pec 1896, 38.
Seaphosepalu m rodact actylum,
Rolfe, 1893, 335.
Scelcchilus carinatus, Rolfe, 1895,
Scheck; Frederick, 1891, 324.
Schinus dependens, 1895, 122.
Schizoglossum a tum, N.
rown, 1895, 6
-— elingue, N. k Brown, 1895,
— firmum, N., E. Brown,1895, 252.
— masaicum, N. E. Brown, 1895,
25
2:
— multifolium, N. E. Brown, 1895,
53.
ac ns NE. T 1895,
Schizoglossum shirense, JN. E.
rown, 1895, 253
Schizostephanus somaliensis, JV. Æ.
Brown, 1895, 250.
Schrebera Buchanani, Baker, 1895,
Schultesia senegalensis, Baker,
1894, 26.
Schweinfurth’s method for pre-
rving plants, 1889, 19.
Sclerocarya sp., 1893, 3
Scotch grass, 1894, 384.
m 2e D. H., 1892, 245.
rtm. 340.
Scott- tile G. F., Ruwenzori
E spedition, Ua
— -— — —, a Léone dried
plants, 1892, 72
Scutellaria amata, Wright, 1896,
164.
— javanica, 1896,
— paucifolia, Baker, 1895, 2
Seba Evansii, N. E. Brown, iis
Ys
‘Secamone iue e NYE: Brown,
1895, 2
= Kiki. N. 3 Brown, 1895,
— retusa, N. E. Brown, 1895,
248
Sechium edule,
.
,
1887, Aug., 6
1896, 128. |
Securidaca longipedunculata, 1889,
222.
Sedum (§ Pei rotundatum,
Hemsl., 1896, 210
Seedling sugar-eane,
Queensland, 1896, 167.
sugar-canes at Barbados, 1888,
new, in
able for exchange, 1888,
1889, 29 ; 1890, Appendix Tr
1891, Appendix L5 1892, Ap-
pendix I. ; "1898; Appendix ES
1894 pendix I; 1895,
Appendix Ty" F896; Appendix
L
— trees aud shrubs available
T— exchange, 1890, Appendix T.,
30;. 1891, ‘Appendix T 29;
1892, Appendix L, 23; 1893, Ap-
pendix 1, 21; 1894, Appendix I,
ni 1895, Appendix » 26;
1896, Appendix I.
Selaginella E Kunst- :
— eimi Miete
287
Select extratropical plants, 1895,
303..
d'asta ae c chica, 1892, 181.
sargentianum, 1895, 318..—
Sibi arctiifolius, Baker, 1895,
106.
Baker,
— basipinnatus, 1895,
2
— Evansi, N. E. Brown, 1895,
— a Hemsl., 1896, 38.
— (S Cremanthodium) Fleteheri,
Bt, 1896, 212.
— — goringensis, Hemsl., 1896,
— (Kleinia) Gunnisii, Baker,
1895, 217.
— Hualtata, 1895, 198.
— id longipes, Baker, 1895,
_— ” mweroensis, Baker, 1895,
2
— sagittifolius, 1893, 111.
Seuna, Aden, 1892, 151.
E Rolfe, gen. nov., 1894,
— modesta, —— 1894, 158.
Sesbania sgyptiaca in Formosa,
3.
Seychelles, clove as a dye plant in,
— vanilla, 1892, 214
—, — disease in, 1892, 1
Shade tree fr coffee, 1806; 306.
— trees for cacao, 1895, 14.
— — for tropical pastures, 1894,
Shantung "RM 1888, 137;
1
Slicer beities, 1896, 129.
Shepherdia argentea, 1887,Sept., 5.
V., orchids from
bamboo and
Arundo from, 1893, 3
— —, dried plants ism, | 1893,
Shi rley poppy, 1896, 126.
— robusta, resin from, 1892,
MUCH AT der pue piate)
154; 1894, 1
sen di
Shrübs, effects of frost on, at Kew,
1896, 8.
Shu-lang root, 1895, 230; 1896,
74.
Siam Benzoin, 1895, 154, 195.
— dried plants, 1895, 38.
— gamboge, 1 139
— ginger, 1891, 6.
—, pepper in, 1893, 230.
— products, 1892, 31 hg
Siberian perennial flax, 1892,
Sicily, citrus fruits in, 1895,
Sierra Leone, Coffea sp. from, 1894,
104.
66€
— — dried plants, 1891, 245 ;
1892, 72.
— —, economic plants of, 1893,
— -— fruits, 1888, 221.
— —, highland colies of, 1896,
89.
Sikkim-Tibet frontier, botanieal
- exploration of, 1893, 297.
Silk-cotton E white, Tm 204.
Sikrer gn t, 189 ne
-— Ner ith nin 1888, 291.
Silkworms, Ramie as food for,
1890, 174.
Silt grass, 1894, 386.
Sim, T. R., 1895, 52.
Singapore, "bananas i in, 1894, 9265.
— rediscovery of Gutta Percha
tree at, 1891, 230.
Siriwil woth in Cyprus, 1889, 133,
Se _ 1892, 183; 1893, 207.
~ 951; 1890, 158, 273;
175; 1892, 21, 272; 1893, 206,
= 315.
ME Bahamas, 1890, 158; 1891,
; 1892, 27, 141, 189; 1894,
1
— UE British. Honduras, 1892,
33.
— Fiji, 1892, 37.
— — — Grenada, 1892, 34.
——— Jute 1892, 32.
— — — St, Lucia, 1592, 35...
incent, 1892, 35
— —— South maea «res
01
101.
— — — the East Indies, 1892,
37
prone e United States, 1893,
206.
— urks and Daiena adm
~~ 1890,: 273; 1892, 31, 217 ; 1893,
227 ; 1896, 119.
288
Sisal hemp in West Africa, 1892,
36.
— — — Yucatan, 1892, 22, 272;
Pee 212.
—, market value of, 1889, 61 ;
~~ 1892, 39.
—- —~ plants, life of, 1893, 319.
— —, yield of, 1893, 207.
Skan, S. A., 1894, 348.
Smilax a flaccida,
Wright, 1895, 118.
— — megalantha, Wright, 1895,
—— microphylla, Wright, 1895,
117.
— scobinicaulis, Wright, 1895,
1
— utilis, Wright, 1895, 138.
— F. H., death of, 1895, 198.
—, Si: am dried plants, 1895,
Sm ith, Ci 84 neam dried
plants, 1893, 1
hrist ristopher, idi.
(Kotse
oe 300.
5n ya) Carsoni,
So umila, Rolfe, 1893, 337.
Solanum albifolium, Wright, 1894,
127.
— albotomentosum, Wright, 1894,
— aldabrense, Wright, 1894, 149.
— campanuliflorum, Wright, 1894,
127.
— cernuum, 1896,
— chrysotrichum, Wright, 1894,
129.
tans, Wright, 1894, 127.
E31 Wright, 1894, 129.
— —, var. compactum, Wright,
1894, 199.
— melastomoides, Wright,
— inco:
1894,
— Monteiroi, Wright, 1894, 127.
— muricatum, 1893, 21.
— muticum, N. E. Brown, 1894, 6.
— pauperum, Wright, 1894, 127.
— phytolaecoides, Wright, 1894,
1
— Rohrii, Wright, 1894, 128.
-= — Thruppii, Wright, 1894, 129.
1896, 63.
Solanum a. var. oblon-
gum, Yoh ood 1894, 127.
strictum, Wright, 1894,
SO
comes Argel, 1891, 177.
Solomon Islands dried plants,
1892,
— —, fiora ‘of, 1894, 211; 1895,
2,
13
Somaliland, flora of, 1895, 158,
211.
— —, Sansevieria fibre from, 1892,
129.
Sophora secundiflora, 1892, 216.
cres 1892,
m vulgare, 1892, 252.
South Australia,
, 102.
Sour-figs, 1887, Sept.
— grass, 1894, 385; "895, 209 ;
1896, 115.
South Arica, botanic gardens in,
dried plants from, 1893, 146,
6.
3,
— —, Phylloxera in, 1889, 230.
— —, — regulations, 1889, 255.
— —. prickly pear in, 1888, 165;
1890,
—— arke. oak in, 1894, 1
— American Bromeliacez, 1897,
49.
— dried d 1891, 245.
— —- vanilla, 1892, 214
— Arabian dried plants, 1892, 151;
1895, 158.
— Australia, date cultivation in,
5, 161.
— — experimental cultivation in,
1895,
— —, fruits of, 1888, 6.
— East Africa, bananas in, 1894,
— Nyasaland, 1896, 144.
— Sea arrowroot, 1892, 51.
Spartium junceum, 1892, 53.
Spathoglottis kimballiana, 1895,
318.
Sphaceloma ampelinum, 1893, 228.
Spheranthes hirtus, 1893, 371.
sacchari (with
289
Spiranthes exigua, Rolfe, 1896,
Spruce, R., death of, 1894, 32.
—, —, Hepatice Amazonice et
Andinex, 1892, 2
tachys obtusifolia,
1893,
— tubulosa, McOwan, 1893, 13.
e € botanieal departments at
e Colonies and.
and in
send list of, 1889, 122; 1890,
175; 1891, Appendix ITT. ;
1892, Appendix III. ; 1893,
Appendix III.; 1894, Appendix
ELL. ; - 1895, ' Appendix HI;
x II
1896, Appendi
Stahl, Dr., Nilgiris dried plants,
1891,
Stanhopea ‘Lowi, Rolfe, 1893,
— niger Rolfe, 1894, 364.
— Randii, Rolfe, 1894, 363.
Stapelia gigantea, 1892, 284.
— vaga, V. E. Brown, aan 265.
Stapelias at Kew, 1893,
Stapf, Dr. O., Persian dried. plants,
1891, 275; 1893, 145.
Staphylea holocarpa, Hemsl., 1895,
dur ‘Anise, 1888, 173.
Statice xipholepis, Baker, 1895,
218.
Steirastoma depressa, 1891, 148.
Stemona erecta, Wight, 1895,
11
T.
Stemonurus ? megacarpus, Hemsi.,
1895, 133.
Stenotaphrum americanum, 1894,
Stephen, J. H., 1891, 275; 1895,
Streuli Murex, Hemsl.,
7, Sept., 1
Sternbergia Al hannes 1895, 299.
a, 1896, 96.
m9 gradi ce 246.
1893,
Stinkwood or Laurel w ood, 1887,
Sep t., 10; 1895, oo
Stipe sibirica,
1895,
Straits Soniais, fx of, 1888,
—. Tehas coffee at, 1888,
- 961; 1890, 107.
u 95238.
|
McOwan, |
Straits Settlements, c m speci-
mens from, 1887, Sept., 14.
— —, pine apple fibre eg 1893,
368.
—, timber trees of, 1890, 112.
Stravhervies in India, 1892, 106 ;
893, 3
Streblas asper, 1888, 81.
— paper, 1888, 81.
aie orthopoda, Baker,
1892, 19:
8.
Streptocarpus Wendlandii, 1896,
| Stringy bark, 1889, 114.
| =
| gum, , ,
| Strobilanthes callosus, 1896, 98.
3
— Everettii, Rolfe, 1896,
— (§Endopogon) reticulatus,
Stapf, 1894, 347.
trobopetalum, JV. Æ. Brown, gen.
nov., 1894,
— Benti, N. E. Brown, 1894, 336
— carnosum, N. E. Brown, 1894,
€—
ndiflorus
petersianus, var.
, IN. E. Brown, 1892,
Struetnral improvements at Kew,
| Strychnos alnifolia, Baker, 1895,
— DUANE Baker, -— 98.
— chrysoca 1895, 98.
— MM Baker 1895, "98.
N. E Br rown, 1896,
62.
— loandensis, Baker, 1895, 97.
— luce
— sennensis, Baker, 1895, 9
— subscan dens, Baker, 18 y 96.
— triclisioides, "Ba
Ba
Silii frutiooee: 1891,
Sugar-cane borers in the West
Indies, 1892, a (with plate)
153, 267 ; 1895
— —, cane sugar " n 1891, 35.
— — disease, 1890, 85; 1893, 149;
1894, 81, 154, 5
— in Barbad os, Report of
gm Commission, 1895, 81.
Sugar-cane: disease in British
Guiana, 1896, 1
a, 189 1,84. .
— ——— tea as 1894, 81.
St. cent, Report
of the Commitee Ea 1894, 170.
— canes, diseased, treatment of,
in West Indies, 1894, 169.
meos of, in New Sourh
= Wales, 1894
——, iore nt of, by chemical
selection of seed canes, 1894,
iis ie in British Central Africa,
1895, 190.
— — — Formosa, 1896, 72.
T PR Soutl Australia, 1895,
Zu ibar, "wu 88.
— — Sa es 1894, 418.
— —, mites on, at Barbados, 1890,
85,
ew seedling, in Queens-
i dnd. 1896, 167.
— —, — yariety in Central Africa,
. 1892, 251,
—— —, production of seed in, 1891,
10,
in India, 1892,
189.
— —, fed rust of, 1890, 86.
1896,
ling, Kewensis,
seedlings i in ete 1888,
1891 „12.
- 994; 1889, 242;
rit tish Guiana, 1891,
- 99,
— s, seminal variation in, 1891,
10; 1894, 84.
—, export from British Honduras,
18t 5, 10.
—, Indian, 1890, 71;
— "maple, 1895, 127.
—, natural, in tobacco, 1896, 49.
— prodyetion of India, 1894, 324.
— the world, 1890, 38.
Prae 1895, 293.
umatra camphor . wood,
1894, 324.
. Bapt 15.
Sann — 1887, Sept.,
in South IM. 1895,
D, bananas in, 1894, 306,
via, 1892, (dan
290
Hope citron, 1894, 18 |
Ta ontan
Synclisia delagoensis, V. E. Brown,
892, 196.
-— "Mie AN. OE. Brown,
1892
Syringa as 1895 192.
Me godea fn, Baker,1893,.
158. :
eo gion Linnsus's, adt,
167.
=
rtc
1895, 1
| — brachyantha, Stapf, 1894, 29.
|. —oecon
torta, Sta
tapf, 1894, 23.
— dipladeniiflora,
121.
Stapf, 1894,
— — durissima, Stapf, 189 4, 24.
— eglandulosa, EUM 1891, 24.
elegans, Stapf, 1594, 24. .
— m Ere us Son 1891, 120.
— nitida, Stapf, 18
tapf,
; | brc rn Iboga (with plate),
Ts able oils from beech and linden,
4,
| Tablet aon 1890, 109.
| Tagasaste; 1891, 239;
1887, |
| Taeazzia
conferta, N. E. Brown,
1895, 24
T:
— Kirkii, N. E. Brown, 1895,
= nigr itana, JV. wor Brown, 1895,
Tacca pinnatifida, 1892, 51 ; 1895,
| Tachiadenus ‘continentalis, Baker,
1895 a
1893, 115,
Tahiti; bananas, in, 1894, d
286.
— venim 1892, 214
ulti ivation in, 1894, 506.
Taika pam 18
Tainia hongkongensis, Rolfe, 1896,
195.
Taj Gardens, Agra, 1892, 293,
Talauma Hodgsoni, 1895, 40.
| Tall — 1894, 377
“Tanning materials :
Canaigre, 1590, 63; 1894, 167.
~ Cuteh, Catechu or "Kath, 1887,
Sept., 20; E 323.
, pale, 1 1891,
: Gambier, 1889, TE iem 106;
di 1892, 76; 189
Mangrove ‘park e extract,
892, 2277.
Sumach, 1895, a
Valonia, 1888, 1
Wattle bark, 1805, 370.
“Tapang tree, 1896, 156.
a ta on Begonias, 1895,
285.
— sugar-cane, 1890, 85.
Taian fruits, 1888, 11.
— woods, 1889, 112.
8,
—, compressed or tablet, 1890,
109.
— peeo in Natal, 1887,
—
he e Caucasus, 1895, 58.
—, Fáham, 1892, 181.
— in India, 1894, 326.
- — Travancore, 1894, 403.
— ro of the Upper Chind-
14.
-—, Paraguay, 1892, 132.
— production in India, 1894, 326.
—, p'u-érh, 1889, 118, 139.
= substitute, Vaccinium Arctosta-
phylos, 1895, 61.
ecoma shirensis, Baker, 1894,
30.
“Teff, 1887, Jan., 2 ; 1894, 378.
Temperate house, 1894, 75, 398 ;
1895, 235. .
‘Teosinte, 1894, 380.
ghe dura, . Baker, 1894,
— (Reineria) geminiflora, Baker,
, 316
Terminalia triptera, Rs 1895,
Tersan (Polium) nummolari-
— folium, Baker, 1895, 185.
“Thamnosma , Hirsebii,
- 1895, 315
291
"Thomson
Schwf.,
Thelasis
1896, 1
Theobroma “Cacao,
1893
Thielaviopsis tentat 1894, 84.
Dr. mae, portrait of,
Pipe Rolfe,
1890, 170;
1895, 236.
., death of, 1895, 120.
isii, 1891, 131.
Thuja gigantea, 1887, Sept., 5.
neem nia brymeriana, Rolfe, 1894,
Tibet, Flora of, 1894, 136; 1896,
Tibetan dried plants, 1893, 369 ;
9, 207.
E
1895, 104:
. E. Borneo,
4, 108.
Timber. Museum, guide to, 1894,
Timbers
aun: marble wood, 1887,
Museum, 1892,
Bandina boxwood, 1887, Sept.,
Beefwood, 1892, 73.
Black iron wood, 1887, Sept.,
— wood, 1889,
Borneo ut "el 1887,
E
, 1887, Sept., 15.
Brazil- d) new, 1896, 223,
British North a timbers,
1887, Sept., 1
Canary ecd 1893, 133.
Cape box wood, 1887, Feb., 1.
— timbers, 1887, Sept., 10.-
2 75.
1893, 117,
Huon pine, 1889, 115.
. Jamaica cogwood, 1889, 127.-
894, 138, 37 l.
Karri, 1887, Sept.,
Lagos timbers, 1893, 183.
Laurel wood, 1887, Sept., 10.
- Light wood, 1889, 115.
292
Timbers—c
Madagascar “bien E 135.
; , 19.
— cedar, 1892, 123; 1895,
aes 1887, Sept., 15.
Mora, 1887, Se ept uy: 15.
Morrell, 1887, S
ept., 6. :
Newfoundland, timber in, 1896,
25
25.
Outeniqua yellow- wood, 1887,
Sept.
pt, 1U. .
Padouk, 1887, Sept., 18.
Peneil cedar, 1889, 115.
Peruvian wainut, 1893, 353;
1894, 140.
Raspberry jam wood, 1887,
Sept., 7.
Red myrtle, 1889, ras
Sengalwood, 1887, Sept., 7.
n Fernandez, 5804, 110,
gate 1889, 116.
Sneeze- wood, 1895, 3
Stink-wood, 1887, Sept., 10;
1895, 3.
Straits Settlements timbers,
, $m
Stringy bark, 1889, 114.
m, 1889, 114.
Tasmanian timbers, ih 112.
Tuart, 1887, Sept.,
Tulip- tres wood, 1506, 223.
Yellow wood, 1587, Sept., 10;
1895, 3.
York gum, 1887, Sept., 6.
Yoruba - land timbers, 1891,
4l.
Tinnea arabica, ao? 1894, 339.
Tobacco cultivation in Britis
zentral e 1895, 1 190.
— Yoruba-land, 1890, 242.
—, natural sugar in, 1896, 49.
—, Persian, 1891, 77.
Tobago, he hi resources of,
. 1887, Jun
—, ; fruits of, 1886, ce
. d fibre machine, 1894.
d, — 410; 1806, 1 175.
|
|
18 ,
| Trias vitrina, Rolfe, 1
| Tricalysia cuneifolia, Baker, 1894,
Tombak, 1891, 77.
Ton Kho ol, 1888, 82.
donee Islands dried plants, 1892,
—. W of, 1894, 370.
donna; Y-dzi of, 1893, 76.
Puedes ue excelaus, 1894, 16.
Trachyme celebica, Hemsl.,
1896,
Tragacanth, 1894, 36; 1895, 238.
Transvaal dried plants, 1892, 104.
‘Travancore, coffee and tea in,
1894, 4
Treculia acuminata, 1894, 360.
(n N. E. Brows. 1894,
— africana, 1894, 359.
— madagascarica, V. E. Brown,
1894, 360.
— obovoidea, N. E. Brown, 1894,
Tree pee M British Central
Africa, 1895, ‘
— tomato (with ‘i ), 1887, Aug.
Trees and Shrubs, hand-list E
part i., 1895, 40; part ii., 1896,
187.
— t
for exchan ge,
l; 30:
of seeds available
A
Appendix I.,21 ; 1894, Appendix
L, 22; 1895, Appendix L, 26;
1896, Appendix I., 26.
— — — ofthe Bombay Presidency,
4
895, 282.
Trichilia alata, N. E. Brown,
96, 160.
a av
6,
Trichocaulon officinale,
Brown, 1895, 2
Trichocentrum albiflorum, Rolfe,
8
— Ha artii, Rolfe, 18 4, 395.
Occ Sadie 1895,
Trichocline de eR cordi-
= Nene re
— — paraguayensis, ’ Baker, 1892,
Trichodesma africanum, Baker,
1895, 1
— I Baker, ey 29.
a
— paucifiorum, Baker, 1694, ow!
293
Trichodesma stenosepalum, Baker,
1895, 221.
Trichomanes one 1892, 309.
— vestitum, Baker, 4, 7.
Trichopteryx nidi 1896, 127.
Trichosphzria sacchari, 1893, 150;
1894, 81, 154, 169; 1895, 81;
Tigynes antillana, "Rolfe, 1893,
235.
Trimen, Dr. H., death of, 1896,
219
— —, retirement of, 1896,
Trinidad, bananas in, 1894, 270,
276, 283, 302, 304, 313.
=, Castilloa nd in, 1896, 221.
— ‘coffee, 1888, 1
=, cur ed ALL of, 1887,
Jun
—, fruits f 1888, 191.
— [pecacuanha, 1888, 269.
—, museum specimens from, 1887,
ept., 16.
er cultivation in, oe 79.
|
Ma
ae
Tiago. Stapf,
5.
— Li shore, Stapf, 1892, 84.
k ristachya decora, Stapf,
75.
Tropical Africa, bananas in, 1894,
265, 274, 286, 287, 304.
, dried plants E 1891,
. 975; 1893, 146 ; 166.
—, flora o ; 1894, AT
—, rman Colonies in, 1894,
410; 1896, 174.
— —, new Liliaceæ from, 1893,
— Agriculture, text book of, 1893,
— and sub-tropical plants, cool
peo of, 1889, 287.
— fodde asses, 1801, 379 ;
1895, 209; 1896, 1
Truelove, W., death of "1894, 74.
retirement of, 1892, 185.
Truxillo coca, 1894,
Trypodendron erai 1890,
— lineatum, 1890, 1
— mo (with Ir ), 1890,
1895, |
| "Ty plioó in Hong Kong,
| 46. .
Tuart wood, 1887, Sept., 6.
Tuberous Labiate, 1894, 10..
Tulip-tree wood for cigar boxes,
3.
Tulipa violacea, 1895, 299.
Tunis, vine culture in, 1890, 36.
Tu poc in South Africa, 1894,
Turks and Caicos Islands, Sisal
; 1892, 31,
Turnip seed, pure, production of,
1894, 22 3.
Turnsole, poisoning from, 1889,
Turrea lycioides, Baker, 1895,
Turtle- oa of the Solomon Islands,
89
2,
Tutcher, W J., 1891, 245. .
Tylophora cameroonica, MW.
Brown, 1895, 258.
— conspicua, N. E. Brown, 1895,
258.
E.
| g erae e N. E. Brown, 1895;
— cecus; N. E. Brown, 1895,
112.
— stenoloba, N. E. Brown, 1895,
1895,
U.
Udal fibre, 1887, Sept., 19.
Uganda, bark eloth of, zm 98.
Umzumbit, 1887, Sept.,
ncaria Gambi ier,
bin 76.
—, introduction to West Indies,.
j689; 247 ;
—
United States, bananas in, 1894,
311. ;
— —, fibre investigations in, 1893,
206. i
— —, horticulture and arboricul-
tare in, 1894, 37.
Russian thistle in, 1894,
RT Burma, rubber trade ia,
1888, :
Uielo Viale, 1893, 68.
294
—
| Urera f fibre, 1
—- tenax (vith pones 1885, 84.
Unis tilis, V: E. Bro wn,
1894, 355. -
Uruguay, viticulture in, 1893,
Usambara dried plants, 1894,
1
Utricularia mem 1896, 122
varia virens, V. E. Brown, 1896,
6.
As
Vaccinium EOT as a tea
substitute, 1895, 6
— erythrocarpum, snos 156.
-— hirsutum, 1894, 1$
— setosum, Wright, 1896, 24.
Valeriana a var. lanceolata,
N. E. wn, 1895,
Valonia in Oppris, 1856, “168.
Vanda hainanensis, Rolfe, 1896,
199.
roeblingiana, Rolfe, 1894, 365.
Vitis, 1888, 76; 1892, 212;
1894, 206, 208; 1895, 169.
— ippies, Rolfe, 1895,
17
—, Bourb« n, 1892, 218.
— daliséadon a at x Fi 1894, 208.
— — — Lagos, 1896, o. <
— — in Tahiti, 1894,
— disease, 1892 (Seychelles) Lil.
— ensifolia, Rolfe, 1892,
— flower, fertilization of (with
plate), 1888 |
— Gardneri, Rolfe, 1895, 177.
— in British “Honduras, 1893,
7
327.
— — South Australia, 1895, 102.
—, Mexican, 1892, 213
rata, pH
— phæantha, 1895, 176.
— planifolia, 1895, 175.
adde in Kew Museum, 1891,
——, re method. of treating,
1896, 2:
—Pompons, 1895, 176.
and Mauritius, 1802,
ies: ee ar
Vanilla, Tahiti, 1892, 214.
—, Trini idad, 1896, 125
Vanillas of ‘commerce, 1892, 212;
1895, 169.
Vanillons, 1892, 2
Vavæa dite cuc “Wright, 1895,
102.
Vegetables, cultivation of, 1894,
219; 1895, 307.
re} importation of, 1894, 219;
1895, 307.
Veitch collection of Japanese
vegetable products, 1894, 14.
[c]
d
N, ER
eo
m &
_
(o 4
eo
| Venezuela, bananas in, 1894, 269,
27
Verbascum Luntii, Baker, 1894,
337.
— (Lychnitis) somaliense, Baker,
1895, 222.
Vernonia __cmplesicautis,
1895
— eeyo
Baker,
Baker, 1895,
-— „gomphophylla, Baker, 1895,
216.
— oocephala, Baker, 1895, 68.
| — subapbylla, Baker, 1895, 290.
| Veronica Hectori, usur
| — loganioides, 1895,
129.
Viburnum ceanothoides, Wright,
| Victoria, fruits of, 1888, 2.
il
—, oils € resins from, 1887,
Sept t., 5
—, Piai in, 1890, 3
Vine, Cochin China, 1888, "T
€ cultivation in the Gironde,
1889,227. ^"
— — Tunis, 1889, 36.
— disease e in Greece, 1892, 185.
— diseases, 1892, 185; 1893, 227.
Vines, American, as stocks. for
European vars, 1889, 227;
1891,45. sd
—, 'anthracnose i in, 1893, 228.
—. mildew on, treatment of, 1890,
1
— treatment. of, in France, 1888,
270. a ER C
. | Viola bulbosa, 1894, 370.
Violet, bulbous, in the BENIN
, 368.
18
Virgin Tslands, 1887, June, 4
— —, Due of, 1888, 215
, Te rt of Mr. Morris s visit,
1891, 132.
Visitor to Kew, number of, 1892,
; 1893, 67, 1894, 32; 1895,
18 O71; 1896, 28.
Vitex Sr reed
tissima, Baker, 1892,
-= batalla, Baker, 1896, 25.
— syringefolia, Baker, 1895, 115.
— thyrsiflora, Baker, 1895, 152.
TI in Malaga, 1894, 34.
ruguay, 1893, "^n
Vitis S savana 1891,
— yars., 1889, d
EN apodophylla, Baker,
hirsu-
1894,
— labrusea, 1891, 4
— Martini, 1888, 134.
— riparia, 1 91, 45.
— succulenta, Galpin, 1895, 14
Vittaria (Euv ittaria) crassifolia,
Baker, 1893, 212.
Voacanga bracteata, Stapf, 1894,
22.
— Schweinfurthii, Stapf, 1894, 21.
Voyria platypetala, Baker, 1894,
— primuloides, Baker, 1894, 25.
W.
Waby, F. Barbados dried
plants, 1896, 31.
Wahlenbergia pinifolia,
Brown, "
Wakely, C., 1896, 96.
Walnut, Jainaica, 1891, 138, 371;
1896, 1e.
—, Peru 1894, 1
Walnuts, production i in in California,
1893, 299.
Wandoo NN uei: Sept 6.
Ward, J. R.
N. E.
ieri z 1805; 231.
Wardien’ cases, duroline for, 1893,
Water-couch, 1894, 386.
94, 3
,
— — wpply at Kew, 1896, 61.
— (Eucissus) glossopetala, Baker,
44.
Watson, W., 1892, 309.
—, —, awa arded Veitch memorial
medal, 1894, 1
—, —, visit to the Riviera, 1889,.
Wattle bark, 1893, 370.
Weevils, preservation of grain
from, 1890, 144.
Weicher's fibre-extracting machine,
1893, 141
Weinmannia stencstachya, Baker,.
1895,
Weldenia candida:
1895, 121.
Wellesley, Mass., 1894, 46.
West Africa, Assam rubber for,.
1891, 97.
1894, 135;
wood trees in, 1893, 25.
2 ” cotton in, 1890, 135 ; 1891,
49,
—, cultural industries in, 1889,
142; 1890, 195, 261; 1892,14..
— —, experi rimental cultivation of
a plants, 1890, 1
rings specimens from,
— 1887, | Sept.,
oil seeds od: 1892, 247.
— African annatto, 1890, 141.
— — bass fibre, 1891, 1; 1892,
299.
— — Botanic Stations, dps. ir
— — cinchona bark,
— — indigo plants, 1883, "u
— — mahogany, 1894, 8; 1895,
9.
7
— — rafia, 1895, 88, 287.
— — rubbers, 1889, 63.
— Australia, fruits of, 1888, 10.
— Indies, bananas in, 1894, 270,.
E 285
— botanical enterprise
~~ 1801, 103.
— L, Sugar-cane borers in, 1892;
154, 267.
— Tndian Botanic Stations, 1887,
9.
in,
n
drawings of Stapelia presented to
Kew, 1893,
Westland. A. $. 1891, 245.
296
Wharton, Capt. W. G. L., Solomon
Islands dried plants, 1894, 211.
TM cultivation, 1894, 167.
— in British Central Africa,
- 1895, 187.
— pest in Cyprus, 1889, 133.
— Germany, 1889, 1 134.
— production of India, Ue 327.
White myrtle, 188
— tea of Persia, 1896; €
— willow, 1895, 239.
Whittall E., bulbs from Asia
Minor, 1893, 1 47.
—, —, Smyrna dried plants, 1893,
—
Whyte, Ar botany of Milanje,
1892, 12
ploreti of "x Karonga
AScntanns, 1896, 1
EI te v Whyte, 1895, 158,
189; 216.
Wiles, enn 1891, 300.
Willey, F. E., 1893, 66;
318
18.
William IV., 1891, 319.
Willis, J. C., 1896, 186.
Wi low, white, 18 895, 239.
Wilso n, Nathaniel, 1891, 321.
i in the Caucasus,
1895,
1893, 223.
— Maqui berries for colouring,
1890, 34.
— production in France, 1890,
Winn, W. N., 1892, 284.
Wire fence at Kew; removal of,
1895, 235.
Wittsteinia vaccineacea, 1893, 1
112.
4 Natal dried plants, |
1893, 146; 1895, 158.
Wormwood, 1887, Sep
— as a fodder plant i in Praia, 1893,
Wrightia parviflora, Stapf, 1894,
121.
X.
Xanthophyllum macrophyllum,
E , 1896, 21.
|
|
|
|
Xyleborus perforans, 1892, 108
(with plate) 153, 172, 267;
Xysmalobium bellum, V.E. Brown,
1895, 69.
— FRA N. E Brown, 1895,
— decipiens, N. E. Brown, 1895,
250.
— fraternum, N. E. Brown, 1895,
a membraniferum, N. E. Brown,
95, 251
-— onde N. E. Brown, 1896,
162.
— reticulatum, N. E. Brown, 1895,
251.
— rhomboideum, N. E. Brown,
1895, 251.
— spurium, N. E. Brown, 1895,
251.
ps
Yam m 1889, 17, (with plate)
62 ; 5, 47.
aie ort-podded (with plate),
95, 47.
Yellow-wood, 1887, Sept., 10;
Yeoward, P Fiji dried plants,
189
York aisa inler, — Sept., 6
Yoruba indigo, 1888, 74, (with
plate) 268 ; 1800, 242.
— land, indigenous plants of,
1891, 2
— —, soil and cultivation in, 1890,
238
— —, timber of, 1891, 41.
Yucatan, sisal hemp in, 1892, 22,
272
>
Yucca filifera at Kew, 1891, 277.
17,
1892, 7.
Yunnan dried plants, 1892, 151 ;
1895, 46, 53.
" 1892, 285: des
Zacate, 1894, 3
Zalil, Persian (vith plate), 1889,
1 1 1; 1895,167.
Zanzibar, agricultural resources of,
1892, 87.
—, botanical enterprise in, 1896,
80.
—, climate of, 1890, ae 1892, 91.
—, clove industry of 1893, 17.
—, od of Agriculture, 1896,
ar officinale, 1891, 5
Zanzibar, fruits of, 1892
—, Sir John Kirk’s
1896, 80.
Zimm mer, G. W., 1893, 340.
Zine in dried EP 1895, 239.
; 1892,
, 89.
garden at,
Zizyphus Chloroxylon (with plate),
127.
— pex 1894, 1
Zomba Botanic Gafdn, 1895, on
Zygodia urceolata, Stapf, 1
122. s
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
African oil palm, 1892 -
Americ
palm wee
Antenna of Trypodendron, 1890
Aralia quiiquéloá 1893 -
Aspidiotus aurantii, 1891 - -
Bearded weevil, 1893. - -
Bhabur grass, 1888 -
Blumea balsamifera, 1895
Bowstring. hemp plants, 1887, May
Californian Rope 1892 - -
Calospora Vanille, 1892 -
v hari 1802 - -
itrus Medica, var. acida, 1894 -
Coffea stenophylla, 1896 -
oix
Cudrania triloba.
Cyphomandra feces, 1887, Aom - - - -
Delphinium Zalil, 1889 - ->
Elephant beetle, 1895 - >
Elæis guineensis, 1892 - -
Eneu a 1889
novo-granatense, 1889 “ee E E
Fluted scale-insect, 1889 - -
Fruit room, Bunyard's, 1895 -
Highland coffee of Sierra Leone, is ~ -
Icerya ægyptiaca, 1890 E -
— Purchasi, 1889 -
u 95238.
Anbury, club-root, or finger-and- tos; 1895 -
ryma, us stenocarpa, 1888 -
- facing 221
- facing 60
- 160
275
3,4
z - - facing 259
1
”
- * -
facing 111
~
- m - -
60
201
- 4
6
- facing 194
E 2:91
- fucing 190
vel 96, 97
- facing 194
r
298
Page
Illicium verum, 1888 - - > - facing 174
Ischæmum angustifolium, 1888 i is È E ow 0
Jamaica coz wood, 1839 -> - - í = a I98
Job’s tears, “1888 g - ^ : $c cpu
Kickxia africana, F905 — = - . . ‘og. EM
Lonchocarpus cyanescens, 1888 - * - + ac 400
Lysiloma Sabieu, 1887, December - c- - open 4
Megasoma elephas, 1893 - - - 5 Vy 60
Moth borer, 1892 - - 2 à eae 89
Musa Cavendishi 1894 - - - à E - 996
Ensete "i: - - - 286
Visitas ODT (= M. Seemanni), 1894 = a è . SAT
—— Jasiocarpa, 1 - - - . 94g
sanguinea, 18 : - - - - 959
—— sapientum, 1887, Kpril - - x ù 4
— —, var. pa aradisiaca, 1894 - - < - 939
—— — — vittata, 1894 - - - - - 251
superba, 1894 - p a = - 949
- textilis, 1894 - - - - - 290
poms mexicana, 1893 - E - facing 60
Oil palm fibre, dien of, 1892 - - ~ - 65,
Onion disease ae October - - - - 21, 22
Orange seule, "1891 - - - - = facing 221
E angulatus, I E : = sf yg? GIRL
sus, 1889 - E : -
m oil, preparation of, 1892 - > * - 904,2 06
panel ant, 1893 - - facing 60
Peronospora gehe derit 1887, October : z -91, 22
Piper Cubeba, 1887, December ; 9
Plan of Curator's house, Botanic Station, st Vincent, 1892 - facing 93
Plantain, 1887, April, 4; 1894 - 239
Pl: ismodiophora Drneiós 1895 - - - : - 130
Raspador fibre machine, _ - - = a Se
Rhina dees 189 = $ : - facing 60
—— nigra, 7 = n = 60
Rhyncophoru s palmarum, AU > : ~ Sins eo DU
t Rosellinia adiciperds, 1896 - - - ERE 1
Sabicü, 1887; Dece mber - » " s = » 4
Sansevieria zeylanica, 1887, May - - " ; 4
Sansevierias, sections of leaves, 1887, M T
Section of oak stem 9 burrows of Trypodendron, 1890 - 185
Shot-borer, 1892 - amm 153
Silkworm thorn, 1888 - 992
Sisal hemp plantation in Yucatan, 1892 a . zs 24
acai hi sacchari, 1892 - - facing 153
Star anise, ~ E E B Vide i e
Sugar-cane borers, 1892 - - - CC Ex
: T Tabernanthe Iboga, 1895 - w > boue as
Tree tomato, 1887, August — - iw E :
rera tenax, 1888 - - . -facing 84
“Een ae or. rae of, 1888 i : * » 78
Weather charts, 1890 E
Weevil-borer, 1892 -
West Indian lime, 1894 -
Xyleborus perforans, 1892 -
Yam bean, 1889
aamiaigstiorepodded, 1889
Yoruba — 1888
Zalil, - -
Tof Chlorotylan 1889
299
Page
facing 26,26
- 153
x IM
à. GT)
i" , 62
Lowe de
= jy 208
sy Hi
s y Im
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
or
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
APPENDIX I.—1896.
LIST OF SEEDS OF HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS
AND OF TREES AND SHRUBS.
The following is a list of seeds of Hardy Herbaceous raes and
Perennial Plants and of Hardy Trees p Shrubs which, for the most part,
have ripened at Kew during the year 1895. ese apre are not sold
to the general publie, but are available for exchange with Colonial,
Indian, and Foreign Botanic Gardens, as well as with regular corre-
spondents o Row” No Gpo, except from pies colonial posses-
sions, can be entertained after the end of March
HERBACEOUS PLANTS
Acaena yin Ruiz & adim me
L. Northern
Nein Hook. f. N. nee gr i Calabria,
microphylla, Hook. f. N. pri aldst. & Kit.
cophyila, Le ili . Eur. N.Asi
aliia Hui d. Sue. Pero, Tournefort De. ieee x
m umbellata, Sib. & Sm. Greecs:
pinnatifida, Ruiz & Pav. | Aconitum heterophyllum, Wall.
ili. imalaya.
Sampuisdrbus, Vahl. New Zea- Lycoctonum, £. oe &e,
land. — var. orientale,
sericea, Jacq. Mexico. eene nn — N. oe ERE
" - LE ha 2 .
ings oo a Argi ‘honed,
; Schrad. Asia.
cna Wr gera n woe matin L. Northern
Num ^ re.
decolorans, Schrad. Europe E ema ne
filipenduliua, Zam. Orient. Actinol = coronaria, Gray. Cali-
ligustica, All. Eur. ient. wade e
lefolium, Z. Northern | Actinomeris squarrosa, Nuit. N,
hemispher America,
u $9492, 1375.—12/95, "Wt. 308, A
Adenophora liliifolia, Bess,
rope, &e.
Adesmia muricata, DC. Chili, &e.
Adlumia cirrhosa, afin. N.
Adonis aestivalis, Z. Europe,
Orient.
Ægopogon geminiflorus, Humb. &
Bonpl. Trop. America
Æthionema cappadocicum,
preng. Orient.
pulchellum, Boiss. Armenia.
saxatile, R.Br. Europe
Agrimonia Eupatoria, Z. N.
emis
phere.
ucantha, mte Origin
green
odorata, Mill. Europe.
Agropyron Aucheri, Boiss.
Ori
x
dasyanthum, Ledeb. Russia. $
glaucum, Roem. & Schult,
Europe.
pungens, Roem. & Schult.
To)
— r. pyenanthum, Godr.
teneram, Vasey. N. America.
ES pe L. Europe.
r. gigantea, Roth.
— var. stolonifera, CL).
nigra, With, Europe.
vulgaris, With. Temp.
regions
Ajuga Chamaepitys, Schreb.
Europe, &c
Alchemilla alpina, Z. N. hemi-
sphere.
conjuncta, Bab. N. W.
Eur
fissa, Schum. Alps, Pyrenees,
&c.
vulgaris, L. Europe.
Alisma Plantago, Z. Europe, &c.
Allium ^ Ampeloprasum, L.
Zurope, Orient.
angulosum, Z, Siberia.
atropurpureum, Waldst. $
Allium—coné.
Cydni, Schott § Kotschy.
Asia Minor.
Fetisowi, Regel. Turkestan.
fistulosum, L. Siberia
flavum, Z. Europe.
giganteum, Regel. Central
sia.
e Redouté. Origin
ertain.
— var. albidum.
xin E Ledeb,
— var. weteanifoliam, Regel.
kansuense, Regel. China
Ex m Regel. Turkes-
Moly, "L. Eur urope.
montanum, F. JV. Schm.
narcissiflorum, Vill. PMID
nigrum, uro
odorum, rx Siberia
ostrowskianum, Hegel. 'Furk-
polyphyllum, Kar. $ Kir,
Din. Don. Eur rope.
um, Mediterranean
regio
Schoenoprasum, Ert
hemisphere.
— var. sibiricum, (Z
senescens, L. Europe, Siberia.
subhirsutum, L. Europe.
subvillosum, Salzm. S, W.
Europe.
Suworowi, egel. Central
Asia.
urceolatum, Hegel. Turkes-
L. Europe, N.
ursinum,
sia.
Victorialis, Z. Europe, Si-
beria, &c.
Alonsoa incisifolia, Ruiz $ Pav.
Peru.
Alopecurus agrestis, L. Europe.
i Poi. Europe,
L. N. homi
geniculatus,
Alstroemeria aurantiaca, Don.
Chili.
haemantha, Ruiz & Pav.
Chili.
Althaea cannabina, Z. Europe,
var. narbonensis, Pourr.
ficifolia, Cav. Dalmatia,
Heldreichii, Boiss. Mace-
donia,
kregujevacencis, Pane.
lavateraeflora, DC. me
pallida, Waldst. & Kit.
Euro
a, Cat «v. Orie
siphuren Boi ; Hausskn.
Persia, &c.
Alyssum — argenteum, Vitm.
Europe.
creticum, /. Crete.
gemonense, L. e.
ineanum, L. Eur
lybicum, Coss. N. PAfrica.
maritimum, Lam. Europe.
minimum,
&c.
montanum; L. Europe, Orient.
podolicum, Bess. Europe
&c.
pyrenaicum, Lapeyr. Pyre-
nees.
saxatile, L. Europe.
Amaranthus caudatus, L. Tropics
of Old World.
chlorostachys, Willd. Asia,
bypochondriacus, E N
merica.
iter a Le
speciosus, Sims. India, &c.
viridis, L. Tropieal regions.
Ambrosia trifida, L. N. America.
Amethystea caerulea, Z. Siberia.
Ammophila arundinacea, ag
Euro 6 and N, America
Amsinckia - intermedia, Firth: &
Mey. ‘California.
Amsonia ee Walt.
N. Ame
N. America.
apes = casas Pers. Medi-
egion
ranean region.
Willd. Europe,
lag
|
Anagallis arvensis, Z. Europe,
— var. carnea, VIE
. eaerule reb.).
Anchusa iln Reiz Moditexta.
offici cin "lis, TES v
Androsace MUN Reta, N. Asia,
N.
lactiflora, Fisch, Siberia.
maxima, L. Europe, &c.
nana, Horn. Europe.
Andryala integrifolia, 4L. Medi-
terranean region, i
Anemone albana, Stev. N. Asia,
baldensis, L. Europe.
coronari k Mediterranean
mains
decapetala, T N. America.
multifida, | Poi. N. America.
pratensis, Z. Europe.
Pulsatilla, Z. pone
rivularis, Buch-Ham. Hima-
laya.
sylvestris, L. Europe.
Angelica dahurica, Maxim. E.
Asia
Anoda heetelà, Cav. MR
Wrightii, Gray. Mexico.
en dioica, Gaertn. buio,
van tomentosa, Hort
Knihontis aetnensis, Schouw. Mt.
Etna
Bourgei, Boiss. & Reut. Spain.
maritima, L. M —
region.
montana, L. Europé, &c.
nobilis, r
— var. discoidalis, Hort.
oe L. Mediterranean
tinctoria, Z. Europe.
Triumfetti, DC. Europe.
Anthericum Liliago, L. S. Europe,
N. Africa.
— var. algeriense, B. § R.,
ramosum, L. Eur
kaoti odoratum, fr Eu.
rope,
E E] - Lamotte.
jiis retou, fi offm,
Europe, Asia,
A2
Anthyllis tetraphylla, Z. Mediter-
ranean region
Vulneraria, L. Europe, &c.
Antirrhinum Asarina, Z. Italy.
L. Mediterranean
gion.
esr Benth. Cali-
Or diis: L. Eur
rupestre, Boiss. & Reut. Spain.
tortuosum, Bosc. W. Mediter-
ranean region.
Apera interrupta, Beauv. Europe,
&e.
Apium graveolens, L. Europe, &c.
Aquilegia chrysantha, Gray. New
flavescens, S.Wats. California.
vulgaris, = Eur
Arabis albida, wA Es ‘ranean
region
alpestris, Schleich. Euro
— = L. Europe, N.
Am
bellidifolia, L. Europe.
ee Hook. & Arni
ifornia.
benc; DC. S. France.
— Hornem. N. Ame-
miki Bert. var. rosea, DC.
Euro
pe.
eom Lam. N. temperate
regions.
idi Jacq. Alps, &e.
Soyeri, Reut.§ Huet. Py-
renees.
Stelleri, DC. var. japonica,
apan.
stricta, Huds. Europe, &c.
Turezaninowii, Ledeb. Si-
beria.
Archangelica officinalis, Hoffm.
B ^j
c
Arctium majus, Bernh. Europe.
— var.
minus, Bernh. Eu è
nemorosum, Lejeune. Europe.
|. Arenaria
otschyi, Hort.
esaeren Gouan.
pga
gra inifolia, Schrad. E,
_— sia.
— var. multiflora.
— var. parviflora.
grandiflora, L. Europe.
gypsophiloides, Z. Asia
inor,
hirta, Worms. N. Europe.
laricifolia, Z. Europe.
pinifolia, Bieb. Caucasus.
LAE nitens Ramond. Py-
Argemone meia L. Ms.
p zo ane
Link & Otto.
Armeria “latifolia, Willd. Portu-
ga
maritima, sig Europe.
— var.a
pisini Willd. Europe.
pungens, ing g. & Link.
Portu e.
Arnica hrat Nutt. N. W.
Ameri
ica.
montana, L. Europe, N. Asia.
Arrhenatherum avenaceum, Beauv.
Artemisia annua, Z. E. Europe,
. Asia.
Arum italicum, Mill. Europe.
maculatum, Z. Europe.
Asparagus officinalis, Z. Europe,
Willd. N.
c.
Asperela hystrix,
i
merica.
Asperula azurea, Jaub. & Spach.
Syria.
galioides, Bieb. Europe, &c.
tinctoria, L. Europe.
Asphodeline liburnica, Reichb.
- S. E. Europe.
Asphodelus albus, Willd. S.
rope.
fistulosus, Z. Mediterranean
region.
Aster AM Miche. N.
me
spun: I “Euro rope, N. Asia.
Amellus, Z. Europe, &c
diplostephioides, Benth.
Aster—cont.
puniceus, L. N. America.
— var. lucidulus, Gray.
pyrenaeus, DC. Pyrenees.
Radula, Ait. N. America.
scaber, Thunb. Mm
tanacetifolius, Du A
California, e
iricephalus, C. B. Clarke.
Himalaya.
umbellatus, Mill. N. America.
Astragalus eue Ex. IN.
ions.
7. Mediterranean
and
boeticus,
region.
chinensis, L. China
chlorostachys, Ld Hima-
laya.
y
Cicer, L. S. Europe
scor pioides, Pourr. Spain.
‘Astrantia Biebersteinii, Fisch. &
M
atte
major, L. Eur
— var. cient: tope).
minor, L. Europe.
Athamanta cretensis, Z. S. Europe.
Atriplex Babingtonii, Woods.
Europe
sibitick; L. Siberia.
Atropa Belladonna, Z. Europe, &c.
8.
Aubrietia deltoidea, DC.
"o
urope.
— var. graeca, ( Griseb.).
randiflora.
riseb. Greece.
pires Sprun. G reece.
Avena ben Roth. Euro
ed.
strigosa, Sch: boe. Europe, &c.
Baeria ram Gray. W. Cali-
for
Hiiri Gray. California.
Baptisia australis, R. Br. N.
America.
Barbarea inter dedit, Bor, Europe.
R.Br. Europe.
vulgaris, R. Br.
Temp. Asia.
— var. variegata.
Europe,
Beckmannia erucaeformis, Host.
N. hemisphere.
— var. uniflorus, Serib. N.
Amer.
Beta trigyna, Waldst. $ Kit. E.
urope, Asia Minor.
vulgaris, L. Europe, Africa,
&e.
Bidens frondosa, -Z. N. America.
grandiflora, Balb. Mexico.
hum ilis, - LH T -— tà
Amer
ta. Wilid. West
Indies, &e.
Biscutella ciliata, DC. S. Europe.
7 editerranean
region.
— var. apula, Z. Europe.
mp n^n insignis, Schrad.
Monte V
ideo.
Bocconia ai Willd. China &
Japan
microcarpa Maxim. N
Chin
Boltonia Mem L'Herit. N
merica,
incisa, Benth. Siberia.
Borago officinalis Z. Europe, Asia
Min
Boykinia major, Gray. California.
marcos robusta, Benth. Hima-
laya.
te ot iberidifolia, Benth.
Aus
io diss E ae, Beauv.
Europe, &c.
Brassica balearica, P. Balearic
Tslands.
campestris, £. Old World.
Erueastram, Z. Eur
juncea, Coss. Draijer and
tropical Asia.
nigra, Koch. Old World.
Brassica —cont.
oleracea, L. Europe.
'Iournefortii, Gouan.
terranean region.
Briza maxima, Z. Mediterranean
Medi-
region.
media, L. Europe, &e.
minor, Z. Europe, &e,
Brodiaea congesta, Sm. N. W.
merica.
grandiflora, Sm. N. W.
America.
IDA asetas, Hochst, Abys-
albidus, Bieb. Caucasus.
asper, Murr. Europe, &c.
~breviaristatus, Buckl. N. W.
Damit Leyss. Europe, &c.
Kalmii, Gray. N. America.
macrostachys, Lethe Mediter-
ean re
madritensis, T Ec » &C.
tectorum, Z. Europe, Asia.
unioloides, H. B. & K. South
America.
Browallia demissa, Z. Peru, &c.
late eru. :
Bryonia dioica, Jacq. Europe.
Bulbine annua, E illd. Cape of
Good Hop
Bulbinella ids Benth.
Hook. f. d.
N. Zealan
Buphthalmum speciosum, Schreb.
Europe. :
Bupleurum
i
Candollei, Wall.
la
Calamagrostis epigeios, Roth.
Europe, &e.
varia, Beauv. Europe, &c.
pe i Acinos, Clairv. Europe,
Cilaopodiumn, Benth, N. tem-
perate regions.
grandiflora, Moench. Europe.
officinalis, Moench. var. um-
brosa, Reichb. Europe.
patavina, Host. Europe, &
Calandrinia grandiflora, Lindl.
Chili
send & Gray.
. Ameri
pilosiuseula, DC. 7. Chili.
umbellata, DC. Chili.
Benth.
Menziesii,
N.
Calceolaria ies
exi
Caleudula Penn Do
urope.
suffruticosa, Vahl. W. Medi-
region
canine està Nati. N. W.
ivan Gray. N.
Amer
Caltha palustris; m UN
her
hemi-
sphe
— var. minor, Syme.
Camassia Cusickii, S. Wats, Cali-
ornia
esculenta, Lindl, N. W.
Am
Tae, Torr, N, America.
Wats, Cali-
Leichtlinii, S,
fornia.
Camelina sativa, Crantz. Europe,
&e,
Campanula alliariaefolia, Willd.
Caucasus,
sihastolie, “Sibth. g Sm.
"Gs
p Mediterranean |
region.
excisa, Schleich. Switzerland.
glomerata, P "-—-— &e,
— yar. dahurica,
Campanula—cont.
lactiflora, Bieb. Caucasus.
latifolia, Z. Europe, &c.
— var, macrantha, (Fisch.).
— var. versicolor, (Sibth. &
latiloba, DC. Olympus.
Medium, Z. S. Europe.
persicifolia, Z, Europe, &e.
— var. alba
Kurope.
idalis, L. Europe.
ramosissima, Sibth. & Sm.
reec
a L. Europe,
6,
reuteriana, Boiss. & Bal.
ia Minor, &e.
mboidalis, L. Europe.
icm L. N. temperate
region
Serchar, diee Europe.
sibirica, L. je, Asia.
spicata, L. Bor rope:
subpyrenaica, Ti — —
thyrsoides, Z.
Trachelium, L. Tasops &c.
Cannabis sativa, L. Central Asia.
eite meen Adans. Medi-
region, &c.
Ce e L. EK. Mediter-
ranean region.
impatiens, L. Europe, &e.
M dim L. Europe, &e.
tans, L. Europe,
orkos pisla, Wallr. Europe.
stenolepis, Benth. Central Asia.
tenuiflorus, Curt. Europe, &c,
Carex adusta, Boott. N. America.
epa .Europe,&e.
N. temperate
regions.
flava, L. N. temperate regions.
All. Europe, &e,
hirta, Z. Europe, &e.
hordeistichos, Vill, Europe,
e.
leporina, Z. N. temperate
regions.
pe L. Temperate
endis, Watts Europe, &c.
ELS Huds. Europe, &c,
Carex—
rales
Amer
Figim rz Europe, &e.
Qarrichtera Vellae, DC. S, Europe.
Gert bana lanatus, L. cede &e,
rius, L. Europe, &
^B ulbocastan Joc h.
num,
Wahlenb. N.
iae.
Mene
eu:
Carvi, L. "Bur
copiato, Benth, rx Ta J:
Europe,
Petrooe bur, Beuth. & Hook.
d World.
rigidulum, Koch, Europe.
Catananche caerulea, L. W. Medi-
erranea
regi
lutea, Z.. Mediterranean region.
c 2 Hook. f. Hima-
ass ME era L. Europe, &e*
Celsia orientalis, Z. Asia Minor.
nontica, Boiss. Asia Minor.
Cohen eh L. 'Tropies
ri S Pre ‘America,
Cenia eripe Pers. Cape of
Good Hope.
Centaurea alba, Z. var. deusta,
Ten. S. Europe. d
atropurpurea, Waldst. & Kit.
urope.
axillaris, Willd. ee &c.
Crocodylium, Z. Syria.
s, L. Europe, &c.
cynaroides, Link. Canary Is-
ands.
dealbata, Willd. Asia Minor,
e,
evmnocarpa, Moris. fus of
Ca
apra
Jacea, A Europe, ke
melitensis, . Euro rope.
n; d. é
nigrescens, Willd. pe
— var. vochinensis ( Bernh.)
pulchra, DC, Indi
Seabiosa,
T Caleitrapa, Dufr.
rope.
fierce iphon, Boiss. Spain.
ruber, DC. Europe, &c,
eee belo Schrad. Europe.
th a Mediterra-
ret dorem Siberia.
S
ks ea L.
rope, Asia Minor, &c.
Cerastium drum crai Fisch. &
Mey. Asia
ode m i Molittrresean
region.
purpurascens, Adams. Asia
Minor, &c.
Cerinthe alpina, Kit. Europe, &c.
aspera, Roth. Europe.
urope.
major, Z.
a aes aromaticum, L.
uropes
seem. L. Europe, Asia
Minor.
Charieis lietbtophyIls, Cass. Cape
of Good Hope.
— var. rubra.
Chelidonium majus, Z. Europe, &c.
— var. flore pleno.
—- var. laciniatum.
Chelone Lyoni, Pursh. N. America.
ee album, Z. Temperate
and tropical regions.
ambrosoides, Z. ‘Temperate
and tropical regions,
spi r
ncertain.
Borts Henrici L. Europe.
Botrys, L. Europe, &c.
capitatum, Aschers. Europe,
Origin
c.
ficifolium, S;». Europe.
raveoleus, Willd. Mexico.
opulifolium, Schrad. Europe,
e.
virgatum, Thumb. Japan.
Vulvaria, L. Europe, &c
Chionodoxa Luciliae, Boiss. Asia
Minor.
Chloris tm IH I oS K,
Maison
enhn, cen
‘Kunth. California,
Chorispora -— e DC. Caucasus,
meridianum,
South
Chrysanthemum — Balsamita, L.
W. Asia
tee Schousb. N. Africa.
—. yar. atrococcineum.
carneum, Steud Caucasus.
caucasicum, Pers. Caucasus. ~
cinerariaefolium, Vis. Dal-
matia.
coronarium, Z. Mediterranean
region
Leucanthemum; L. Europe,
&c.
maximum, Hamond.Pyrenees.
macrophyllum, Waldst. & Kit.
Hungary.
Deed Desf. N. Africa.
arthenium, Bernh. Europe.
peca Vent. Caucasus, &c.
segetum, L. Europe, &e.
setabense, Dufour. Spain &
Portugal.
Cicer T L. Europe, &c.
Cichorium Endivia, Z. Orient.
Intybus, L. Europe.
a fostida Z " ops &c.
recall icy N. America.
Cladium Pena cum, Schrad.
& subtropical
region 8.
Clarkia elegans, Dougl. California.
ulchella, Pursh. Oregon, &c.
— var. alba.
Claytonia perfoliata, Donn. N.
America.
Clematis integrifolia, L. S. Europe,
ochroleuca, Ait. Ss mama
recta, L. S. Eur
Cleome integr ie m js orr. & Gray.
N. Amer
violacea, Z. "Batope: &c.
Cleonia lusitanica, Z. Spain, &c.
Clypeola S e Delile.
Europ
Cnicus ‘cdi Willd. N. Ame-
rica.
a Bieb. Caucasus.
nus, Roth. Europe.
dilstus, Roth, Europe.
fimbriatus, Bieb. Caucasus.
` horridus, Bieb. Caucasus. -
Cnicus——cont
intermedius, Heller. Europe.
lanceolatus, Willd. Eu
igulari Ki
eee? Spr es Europe.
oleraceus, Z. Europe.
serrulatus, Bieb. dips, Cau-
stellatus, Roth, Europe.
syriacus, Roth. Mediterranean
region.
Cochlearia a L.N. & Arctic
regio
ges L. S. Europe.
officin Le N. & Arctic
Codonopsis ovata, Benth. W. Hima-
l
a,
Colchicum speciosum, Stev. Cau-
casus.
Collinsia bartsiaefolia, Benth. Cali-
rnia.
bicolor, tee California.
a.
parviflora, Lindl. N. America.
sparsiflora, Fisch. § Mey. N.
America,
Collomia coccinea, Lehm. Chili.
E lioides, Benth. California.
randiflora, gl. California.
[eme Nutt. California, &c.
ee eta Willd.Mexico.
rli, C.B. Clarke. E.
Indies.
. Conium maeulatum, 7. Europe.
Conringia orientalis, Dum. Europe,
&c.
Convallaria majalis, Z. N temperate
. ions.
Convolvulus tricolor, Z. Medi-
terran ion.
— var. alba.
undulatus, Cav. Mediterranean
region. —
Coreopsis abyssinica, Sch. Bip.
Abyssinia.
|. atkinsoniana, Tini: N. W.
= . America.
|
Coreopsis—cont.
Drumn ee Torr. & Gray.
gronditors Nutt. S. United
Sta
lists: L. N. America.
var. Mee Micha.
S.
titiotiis Nutt. K America.
— var. atrosanguinea.
Coriandrum sativum, Z. Europe,
&e.
Corispermum ti ety L:
N. hemisp
Coronilla ala, us & Reut.
Mar
vaginalis, Lon. Europe, &c.
rope, &c.
Corelle Math L. Europe &
N. Asi
— var. grendilloie.
Corydalis capnoides, Wahlenb.
Eur
ropes
amills webs N. America.
cemo rs, Japan.
sibirica, eg oi Siberia.
Corynephorus canescens, Beauv.
Europe.
Cosmos bipinnatus, Cav. Mexico,
Xe.
Cotula eoronopifolia, L. S. Africa.
gue Lngd H. Br. Cau-
bm sin L. Asia Minor, &c.
iflora, T'ausch. Europe.
roseridifolis, Reichb, Europe.
,
. PES
virens, Z. Europe, &c.
Crocus biflorus, Mill. Tuscany, &c.
etruscus, Parl. Tuscan
Imperati, Tenore. Southern
taly.
jiis, Heuff. E. Europe.
medius, Balb. N. Italy.
pulchellus, Herb, E. Europe,
reticulatus, Bieb. E. Europe.
sativus, L. Europe, W. Asia
— var. (eettudightinnne, Maw.
LI
16
Crocus—
Sicberi, a Greece, &c.
Bieb. Asia Minor.
Herb. Dal-
vernus, Al/, Europe.
— Ker-Gawil.
Fran
inis: Gay. “Asia Minor.
8.
Crucianella aegyptiaca, Z. Egypt.
Cucubalus baceiferus, Z.. Europe,&c.
M iic A ph ae L. Mediter-
n region.
Color. etin Ait. Mexico,
pinetorum, Benth. Mexico.
picoi Jacq.
America. -
Zimapani, Morr. Mexico.
Cuscuta Epilinum, Weihe. Europe,
&c.
Cynara Scolymus, L. Europe, &e,
Cynodon Daetylon, Pers. Cosmo-
politan,
Cynoglossum officinale, Z,. Europe,
c.
pictum, Ait. Mediterranean
. region.
Cynosurus cristatus, Z. Europe,
e
echinatus, Z. S. Europe, &c.
Dactylis glomerata, L. — &e.
Dahlia coccinea, Cav. Mex
seapigera, Knowles 4 "West-
A Mexico.
Desf. M
Dalea ceret Willd. Moni.
Datars Perge ee. L. Cosmo-
volita
po
Tata 1 fe ee &e,
r. gigantea.
Daucus eds L. Europe, &c.
pusillus, Micha. N. hee
Delphinium Ajacis, ^ Reach.
"uote Cau-
surope,
/. brunonianum, Royle. Hima- `
E an laya
cage caropetaum, pc. Europe.
caucasicum,
n
orym oe osum, Regel. Tur-
esta:
Fme ran ——
elatum, Z. Eur
— var, ipit, 1 (Walde. ó
Kit.
— var. intermedium.
formosum, Boiss. & Huet.
rmenia,
grandifl L. Siberi
hybridum, "Steph. rope &
maackianum, Regel. Amur-
and.
orientale, J. Gay. Europe,
Orient.
speciosum, Bieb. Caucasus.
iberia.
trolliifolium, Gray.
er
vestitum, Walt. Himalaya.
. Demazeria sicula; Dum. Europe.
Deschampsia caespitosa, Beauv.
A
emperate re
flexuosa, Trin. N. temperate
regions
Deyeuxia neglecta, eames N.
'ate regions,
mf d is Europe.
s All. a Sae
eaesiu e
Nerea Schott. ty Kotschy.
T: ylva nia
dm vA Europe, &c.
ciliatus, Guss. Ns » &c.
biguus r
TEA rma Tenore Italy.
monspessulanus, I. AD
Europe.
petraeus, Waldst. & Kit. E.
Euro
pe.
plumarius, L. Europe
pubescens, Sibth. o ati
Greece, &c. i i
Requienii, Gren, & - Godr.
E
superbus, T Europe, &c.
tener , Balb. Piedmo
tymphresteus, Heldr. & Sart.
Gre
Dictamnus albus, Z. Europe, &c.
us.
Digitalis ambigua, Murr. Europe,
ferruginea, L. Europe.
lutea, Z, Europe
media, Roth. S. ‘Europe.
drei L, popa
Dimorphotheca annua, Less. Cape
of Good Hope.
T DC. Cape of Good
bipes rom, Medic, Europe,
Diplotaxis tenuifolia, DC. Europe,
&c,
mtg a Wall. Himalaya.
fullonum, Z. Europe, &c.
Tir eios L. Europe, &c.
sylvestris, Mill. Taste. &c.
Dischisma arenarium, Æ. Mey.
-~ Cape of Good Hope,
Disporum Hookerii, Nichols. Cali-
fornia.
. Dodecatheon Foe SN,
Americ
m
— var. sian, Gray.
PAT Pe. Asia Mi Vil. S.
e, Asia Minor.
Draba mat: L. we
arabisans, Micha. N.
Ameri
: e a Hoppe. Europe.
frigida, Saut, Alps, Europe.
incana, Z: N. a eid crm
— var. Thomasii, (Koch).
Kotsehyi, Stur. E. erste:
lactea, Adams. Euro
Loiselourii, Boiss. Corsica.
stellata, Ma i N. and arctic
regions,
— grandiflorum, L.
xmas L. Biber do
Dracocephalum—con#.
ans, L. Siberia.
parviflorum, Vutt. N. America.
ruyschiana, L. Europe, &c.
Drimia robusta, Baker. S. Africa.
Dryas octopetala, Z, ab &c..
Ecballium semen "dle Bich.
editerranean siu
Ruiz &
vnde seaber,
Pav, Chili,
Echinops globifer, Janka, B.
Jurope.
p
sphaerocephalus, Z. Europe,
&e. :
Echium plantagineum, Z. Europe,
&c.
Eleusine coracana, Gaertn. S.
merica, &e.
oligostachya, Link. Brazil.
cooling ini Willd. Wurope,
N. Asi
Elymus canadensis, £. N. America.
— var. glaueifolius, Gray.
sibiricus, Z. Siberia,
virginicus, ZL. N. America.
Emex spinosa, Campd. S. Europe,
&e. à;
Emilia flammea, Cass. India, &c.
Encelia subaristata, Gray. Mexico.
Vill.
Epilobium alsinifolium,
ope.
angustifolium, Z. N. hemi-
sphere.
— var. album.
billardierianum, Ser. Australia.
rope.
hirsutum, Z. Europe.
innt Schultz. S. Europe,
Witiecidos, Hook. J N. Zea-
land, &c.
montanum, Z. Europe.
nummularifolium, A. Cunn.
N. Zealand.
— var. lon
ngipes.
— var. pedunculare, Cunn.
iflorum, Schreb. Europe,
Gi
voseum, Schreb. Burope, &e,
ET
Epilobium—ocont.
rosmarinifoliam,
Europe.
Haenke.
riceum
tetragonum, Z. Europe.
trigonum, Schrank. Europe.
Eragrostis Brownei, Wees. Tropics,
&c.
minor, Host. Tropics.
Eremostachys laciniata, Bunge.
Asia Minor, &c.
Eremurus altaicus, Stev. Siberia,
&e.
: kanfimanniana, Regel. Turkes-
spectabilis, Bieb. Asia Minor,
&c.
Erigeron acre, L. var. angustatus,
droebachensis, O. Muell,
Eur
glabellus, Nutt. N. America.
— var. asper.
specio C. America,
N.W.Ame
apos Muhl. N. America,
Erinus alpinus, L. Europe.
; — var. albus.
Eriophyllum caespitosum, Dougl,
N.W. America,
Eritrichium strictum, Decne.
Himalaya.
Erodium guttatum, Willd. W.
Mediterranean region.
hymenodes, J. 'Herit, Al-
geria.
macradenium, J’ Herit. Py-
renees.
moschatum, J? Herit. Europe,
e.
serotinum, Stev. Ta
trichomanefolin um, L’ Heri
Spai
bum. Reut. Asia Minor.
Li
Eruca sativa, Mill. Mediterranean
regi
cipe pupeoteum; Bieb. Ar-
oliverianum, Aash Orient.
Erysimum asperum, DC. N:
America.
d Bieb. Caucasus.
bor m, Boiss. Greece, &c.
oryan
hüeiacffoliaiii L. Europe.
marshallianum, Andrz.
beria, &c.
perowskianum, Fisch. § Mey.
Caucasus,
Erythraea Centaurium, Pers.
urope,
Eschscholzia a Cham.
California
— var. alba.
— var. caespitosa, Brewer.
Eucharidium concinnum, Fisch. &
ey. California. `
— var. grandiflorum.
Eupatorium ageratoides, £L. N.
America.
cannabinum, L. Europe, &e.
serotinum, Miche. N. Ame-
rica.
Eupborbia en Haussk.
Orien
coralloides, L. a Europe.
xigua, L. Europe.
finviedind: DC. $ pain, &c.
hierosolymitana, Boiss. Syria.
Myrsinites, Z. S. firopsr
Peplis, Z. Europe, &c.
platyphyllos, L. Europe, &e.
A
Preslii, Guss. N. America,
segetalis, L. Europe
stricta, L. Euro
virgata, Waldst. 8 Kit. E
jurope.
Fagopyrum esculentum, Moench.
9 WC.
tataricum, Gaertn. Europe,
&c. ;
Farsetia clypeata, R. P 8.
Europe, &c.
Fedia rris mt 270 Gaertn. Medi-
nean region,
Felicia fragilis Cass. S. Africa.
Ferula communis, Mediter-
be region
o; ub. S. Europe, &c.
shies, A S. Europe.
— var. candelabra, Heldr.
Linki, Webb. Tee Canary
_ Islands.
13
Festuca ampla, Hack. Spain.
capillifolia, bera —
delicatula, Lag. and
ugal
duriuscula, 1. Europe, &c.
rope.
heterophylla, Tai Ed:
Myuros, Z. Europe, &c,
pancičiana, Hack. Europe.
Poa, Kunth. S. Europe.
rigida, Kunth. S. Europe.
sciuroides, Roth. Europe.
scoparia, Kern. Pyrenees.
Foeniculum vulgare, Mill. Europe.
Fragaria indica, Andr. India,
China, &c.
Fritillaria beri Boiss. Asia
Min
fiprors i L. Orie
- naan x: wert &c.
ponties, "Wahl. Asia Minor.
— EE, Spreng. Japan.
bo wet a Stt Hort.
ofa pip: apan
sieboldiarie Hook. Japan.
— officinalis, Z. Europe, &c.
ientalis, Lam. Caucasus.
eis aa et Regel.
S.
parviflora, Cie. S. America.
Galium T L. N. temperate
region
Mollugo, i Europe, &c.
m, Req. Greece, wie
Gaudinia fragilis, Beauv. Mediter-
ranean region.
Gaura parviflora, Dougl. N.
merica. iis
- villosa, Torr. N. America.
€— cor regii L. Europe.
2 r. alba.
p Ly Europe, &c.
Gentiana—cont.
lutea, Z. Europe, &c.
bn tanfrli, Pall. Caucasus.
tibetica, King. Himalaya, &c.
Geranium albanum, aren a
armen ss
eriostemon, Fisch. Siberia.
Londesii, Fisch, Siberia.
lucidum, Z. Europe, &e.
nodosum, L. Europe.
palustre, uL. Europe, &c.
mat L. Europe, &e.
ar. alba
piel Burn y. -— &c.
rivular á
ese am, L. a &e.
wallichianum, G. Don. Hima-
ya.
Wilfordi, Maxim. Manchuria.
wlassovianum, Fisch. Siberia.
Gerbera Bellidiastrum, Benth.
China,
Geum chiloense, Balb, Chili.
hispidum, Fries. S
E ge Schleich. Switzer-
lan
macrophyllum, Willd. N. W.
eM Vis. Servia.
um, L. Europe.
pyrenaicum, d Mill. Eben
mperateregions.
strictum, Air. temperate
regions,
triflorum, Pursh, N. America.
tyrolense, Kern. Tyrol.
urbanum, Z. Europe, &c.
Gilia achillenetone, Benth. Cali-
androsacea, Steud. Corus.
— Var. rosea.
capitata, Sims. N.W. America.
inconspicua, Dougl. Cali-
fornia.
MM Ruiz & Pav. Chili,
Peru.
see Send. California.
squarrosa, Hook. & Arn. Cali-
tricolor, Benth. California,
— var, alba,
14
Gilenia trifoliata, Moench. N.
America.
be ee
Gladiolus Ker- Gawl.
— - Mediterranean r egion
Glaucium ie. uh
Europe, &c
— var. rubrum, Hort.
flavum, Crantz. var. fulvum,
Sm.
Globularia tricosantha, Fisch. &
i inor, &c.
Glyceria maritima, Mert. $ Koch.
N. temperate regions.
remota, Fries. N. Europe.
Glycine Soja, Sieb. & Zucc. Tropi-
cal Asia,
Gnaphalium itifivam; E. Tropies of
wid.
luteo-album, £L. Cosmopolitan.
Gratiola officinalis, L. Europe.
— var. minor.
— cepe Dunal. Cali-
iter, Dunal. - N. W.
r
Gunnera chilensis, Lam. Chili.
i o cerastoides, D. Don.
mala
trat L. Eur rope.
paniculata, L. Siberia, &c.
Rokejeka, Delile. Egypt, &c.
Hablitzia tamnoides, Bieb.
Caucasus,
Halenia elliptica, D. Don. Hima-
laya region.
Hastingia alba, S. Wats. California.
Hebenstreitia Hochst.
Cape of Good Hope.
dentata, x Cape of Good
ope,
tenuifolia, Sutra, Cape of
Good Hope.
s dium boreale, Nuit. N. Ame-
rica,
coronarium, Z. S. W. Europe.
flexuosum, ve.
. microcalyx, er. Himalaya.
-. neglectum, Lode, Siberia.
obscurum, m iens
Helenium Bolanderi, Gray. Cali-
fornia.
Helianthus annuus, Z. N. Ame-
rica.
- debilis, Nutt. Texas, &e.
Helichrysum bracteatum, Andr.
— var. album.
— var. luteum,
serotinum, Boiss.S.W.Europe.
L. f.
Heliophila amplexicaulis,
Cape d Hope.
araboides, Sims. Cape of Good ,
ope.
crithmifolia, Willd. Cape of
Good Hope. .
Heliopsis laevis, Pers. N. America.
Heliotropium europaeum, JL,
Helipterum humboldtianum, DC,
ralia.
Manglesii, 7: As Australia.
Milleri, Zort. Australia.
roseum, Benth. an
Helleborus colchicus, Regel, Min-
gr ue y
foetid
aei Lan. Greece, &c.
— var. rose
m llt, f N. America.
r. latifolia,
Hemer sean flava, Z. S. Europe.
fulva, L. S. Europe, &c.
— var. Kwanso, Regel,
Heracleum gummiferum, Willd.
urope.
lanatum, Micha. N. America.
P. L. S. Europe.
Sphondylium, Z. Europe.
villosum, Fisch, Caucasus.
"T ae L. Europe,
uibem Drummondi, Hort,
Origin uncertain
glabra, Willd. N.W. America.
P Fisch. & Mey. N.
duoc Engelm. New
Mexi
Hibiscus Teide: L. Tropics of
pint
T M NILUS
15
a alpinum, L. ue
iacum, L. Eur
J inks, Uechtritz. E. Marino.
lanatum, Waldst. & Kit.
Europe.
nigrescens, Willd. E. Europe.
onosmoides, Fries. Norway.
pallidum, Biv. Norwa
pratense, Tausch. Europe, &e.
rigidum, Hartm. aoe
saxatile, Vill.
stoloniflorum, Waldst. & Kit.
Europe.
villosum, Jacq. Europe.
vulgatum, Fries. N. temperate
regions.
Hierochloé borealis, Roem.§ Schult,
Northern regions.
Hippocrepis multisiliquosa, ZŁ.
Mediterranean region.
Holcus lanatus, Z. Europe.
Hordeum jubatum, Z. N. America,
&c.
maritimum, With. pete
murinum, L. Europe, &
seealinum, Schreb. aarti,
&e.
Horminum pyrenaicum, Z. Pyre-
nees.
H iaf iaefolia, Sweet
,
. California.
Hyacinthus amethystinus, L. Py-
renees.
romanus,
. region,
et I agi canadense, Z. N.
erica.
sariini L. N. America.
sae ee pubescens, C. A.
ij y. Siberia.
yey aureus, L.Asia Minor,
Miis L. Europe, &c.
— var. albus, Hort.
Hypecoum alee Benth.
Mediterranean region.
nean region, &c.
_ procumbens, L. Mediterra-
E
z Mediterranean
i v3 atomarium, Boiss.
a Minor, &c.
Moida, Choisy. Himalaya,
humifusum, L. Europe.
montanum, Z. Europe
orientale, Z. var. decussatum,
(Kunze).
perforatum, L. $aropo, &c.
Richeri, Vill. Euro
— var. urseri, "Spach.
Transsylvania.
tetrapterum, Fries. Europe,
&e.
Hypochoeris glabra, Z. Europe.
Hyssopus officinalis, Z. Europe,
&c.
Iberis amara, Z. Europe.
A
9p
ciliata, All. Italy, &c.
lag: pain.
Impatiens ^ amphorata, Ldgw.
Hi
bicornuta, Wall. Hima
baisamina, L. India & Orient.
ya.
parviflora, DC. Siberia, &c.
Roylei, p alp. Himalaya.
scabrida, DC. Himalaya.
Inula ensifolia, Z. S. Europe, &c.
glandulosa, Puschk.Caucasus,
grandiflora, Willd. Himalaya,
Helenium, L. Europe, &c.
Iris aurea, Lindl. Himalaya.
fulva, Muhl. United States.
ae Nutt. Ns
arr wit L. Europe, &c,
setosa, Pall. E. Siberia.
Isatis tinetoria, Z. Euro:
Isopyru B Fotios, 2 x cii
ke.
Iva xatithifolia, Nutt. N. America,
TA anna Willd, Europe, &c.
issonis, Kunth. Andes.
Mr etra Jacq. Temperate
regions,
Juncus—cont.
effusus, ZŁ. Europe, &c.
glaucus, Sibth. Europe, &c.
lamproearpus, Ehrh. Europe,
&c.
maritimus, Lam. Temperate
re :
squarrosus, L. Europe.
tenuis, Willd. Europe, &c.
Kochia scoparia, Schrad. Europe,
&c.
Koeleria cristata, Pers.N. temperate
regions.
pes Pers. Mediterranean
regio
Lactuca canadensis, L. N. America.
hirsuta, Muhl. N. America.
ludoviciana, Riddel. N. W.
America
muralis, E. Me, y. nec ope, &c.
cete L. Eur
Plumieri, Gies. y Godr.
France.
Lallemantia peltata, Fisch. 4 Mey.
Caucasus.
Lamarckia aurea, Moench. Medi-
terranean region.
Lapsana communis, L. Europe.
Lasthenia glabrata, Lindl. Cali-
fornia.
Lathyrus angulatus, Z. Europe.
A , L. Europe, &c.
gpn ro W. Mediter-
ranean regio
Clymenum, jd "Medeam
egion.
filiformis, Gay. S. a
hirsutus, Z. Euro
te a L. Europe
r. ensifolius (udaro):
iisctorrhinte, Wimm. Europe
montanus, Bernh. Europe.
niger, Bernh. Europe, &c.
, DC. Mediterranean
gion.
ym ees Garche.var.varius.
urope.
pisiformis, L. Europe, &c.
rotundifolius, Willd. tt
sativus, L. Europe.
un ie sphaericus, Retz § S. dps.
vestris, . ^, Europe.
compe meo
tingitanus, L. W. Mediter-
n.
Lavatera cachemiriana, Cambess.
Iimalaya.
Olbia, Z. S. Europe.
thuringiaca, L. S. Europe.
trimestris, Z. Mediterranean
region.
— var. alba.
Layia Calliglossa, 4. Gray. Cali-
fornia.
elegans, Torr. & Gray. Cali-
ornia.
Mgr se Hook. & Arn.
Califor.
Leontodon Ehrenbergii, Hort. Kew.
Leontopodium alpinum, Cass.
Europe, &c.
- Lepachys columnaris, Torr.g Gray.
N. W.
America.
pulcherrima,
ay.
Lepidium Draba, L. Europe, &
incisum, Roth. Siberia, P
Menziesii, DC. N. America.
nebrodense, Guss. S. Europe.
sativum, L. Orient.
virginicum, L. N. America.
Leptosyne Rt oa: DC. Cali-
fe
var. Torr. &
Gr
tiunt, A. Gray. Cali-
fornia,
Lepturus cylindricus, Zrin. Europe,
Leuzea — DC. Mediter-
region.
liae ett Willd. N.America.
, Willd. N. America
— var. montana, Gray.
Ligusticum ee Gouan,
Pyren
poneis T L. Europe, &e.
Seguieri, Koch. S. Europe.
Linaria anticaria, Boiss. § Reut.
pain.
bipartita, Willd. N. Africa.
Broussonetii, Char. Marocco,
chalepensis, Mill. S. Europe,
&e, Bee ee en
17
Linaria——cont
dalm atica, Mill. Dalmatia.
genistifolia, Mill. Europe, &c.
— var. linifolia, Grab.
italica, Ag Europe.
maroccana, Hook. f. Marocco.
minor, Do
peloponnesiaca, Boiss. $H eldr.
Greece,
pr redii, Delastre.France.
purpurea, L. Europe.
reticulata meo N. Africa, &c.
— var. pur
saxatilis Hoffmg. & Link.
“Hoping « & Link.
N ite Ash hte region.
ak diam Willd. Por-
au
. tugal. ti
. triphylla, Mill. Mediterranean
region.
tristis, Mill. Spain.
spectabilis,
Lindelophia Lehm.
Him
Lindheimera texana; A. Gray.
Texas.
Linum alpinum, Z. Europe, &c.
ex Sn Hibene Huds. Europe,
_granditorum, -— Algeria.
Sie vontit; Waldst. & Kit.
temperate
gions,
usitatissimum, L. Europe, &c.
Lithospermum — Micha.
N. Americ
Loasa Aroua
is, Griseb "Chili.
André. N
HA ew
enada
per T M L. S. Africa.
R. Br. Australia.
rig L. S. Africa.
Lolium multiflorum, Lam. Europe.
perenn E
Lonas inodora, Gaertn. Sicily, &c.
Lopezia coronata, Andr. Mexico.
a Fisch. & Mey-
a mal.
| Lotus corniculatus, Z. Temperate
regions,
| — var. Delorti, ( Timb.).
| ajor, Scop. Europe.
| ornithopodioides, L. Mediter-
on.
siliquosus, £. Mediterranean
region.
tenuis, Waldst. & Kit. Europe,
&e.
Tetragonolobus, Z. Mediter-
ranean region.
Lunaria sae L. MR.
r
a, L. Eur
Lupinus ati ager Cali-
forn
angustifolius L. Mediter-
region
arborens, ved ‘California.
sentini,
CrukshanlHE - do Peru,
&c.
elegans, H. B. & K. Mexi
5
Menziesii, Agardh. California.
mic eei BA N:
a.
Americ
atabili Sw. New Grenada.
polyphyllus, Lindl. ae
pubeseens, ren New
Grenada.
Jeistilias Sweet. Mexico.
nahea
s; Hook. Tex
torte; dion. Garden origi.
varius, Z. S. Europe.
aah, Poir.
N:
campestris, DC. Europe, &c.
nivea, DC. Europe.
Lychnis sent L. Russia.
C a, Backh. Levant.
in.
AE Lm
3 Eur
tysimachia ciliata, L. "a dais.
ea, Ledeb. Siberia, &c.
Se EtreD), Forst. China, &e,
B
Lysimachia--cont,
punctata, L. Europe, &c.
quadrif L. N. America,
vul
Lythiran Graefferi, Tenore. Tem-
perate regions,
Salicaria, Z. N, temperate
regions,
— var. rosea.
virgatum, L. Europe, &c.
Madia elegans, D. Don. N. W.
merica.
EN Molina. N. America,
&e.
— var. racemosa, Gray.
„Malcolmia africana, 2, Br. South
;urope, &c.
chia, DC. Greece, Ke.
littorea, 4. Br, S. Europe,
R Ce
maritima, Zi. Br, Mediter-
- ranean region,
A. Malope t trifida, Cav. Spain and N.
Africa.
— var, alba.
Malva Alcea, Z. Europe.
- crispa, eh
uriaei, ew. Algeria.
moschata, L. Europe.
— var. alba
oxyloba, Boiss. Orient,
parviflora, urope.
sylvestris L. Europe, &e.
alba.
Malvasirum limense, Bald. Chili.
Mandragora officinarum, Z. Medi-
terranean region,
Marrubium astracanicum, Jacq.
Asia Minor,
pannonicum, Reichb, E.
urope.
peregrinum, L. Europe, &c.
vulgare, L. Europe, &c.
A inodora, L. Europe, &c.
yar. diseoidea (DC.).
p Matthiola bicornis, DC.
Miner, &c.
nopsis cambrica, Vig. Europe
DC. Himalaya.
Asia
Medicago apiculata, Willd.
urope.
denticulata, Willd, Europe,
e.
ES DC. Mediterranean
gio
lappacea. E Thor. Europe.
littoralis, Rhode. Mediterra-
nean regi
pulina L. N. temperate
on
marina, E Europe, &e.
minima, L. Europe, &e.
Murex, Willd. Europe.
orbicularis, All. —
a, L. Europ
tubercle, Walla Mediter-
ranean 1
turbinata, Willd. Mediterra-
Melica "da asc L. S. Europe,
ciliata; L. Europe,
m penieiluris “Boiss. 5
gl sag . Schultz, us nebro-
— ( Vater rope.
, L. Eur
Suec it alba, Desr. NUR &c.
officinalis, Lam. Europe, '&c.
Melissa officinalis, Z. Mediterra-
region,
I
Melittis ^ Melissophyllum,
Europe.
Mentzelia sca Torr. & Gray.
Californ
Mercurialis annua, L. Europe, &c.
prie omnet cordifolium,
ome Haw. S. Africa.
Mimulus ` Seton Dougit. N.
Am
meri
cupreus, Hegel. C
p tus, H.B. sk Mexico,
luteus, re N. Am
Mirabilis Jalapa, "us pum
Ameri
Modiola multifida, Moench. N. W.
— America. E
Molinia caerulea, Moench, Europe,
Monolepis trifida, Schrad. Siberia,
&e,
Moricandia arvensis, DC. Europe,
&e,
Morina persica, L. Himalaya, &c.
Moscharia pinnatifida, Ruiz &
av. Chili,
Muehlenbergia glomerata, Trin.
rica,
eae
sylvat "t
Trin. N. America.
Torr. & Gray. N.
America,
Willdenovii, Trin. N.
Ameriea.
Museari Argaei, Hort. Greece ?
armeniacum, Baker. Armenia.
gare Blase: R
grandifolium, Baker. Origin
Heldreichii, "Hose. Greece,
moschatum, Willd,
Minor.
neglectum, Guss. Mediterra-
ean region.
racemosum, Mill. nia &e.
szovitsianum, Baker. Cau-
eacus, &c.
Axia
Myosotis arvensis, Lam. Europe,
cespitosa, Schultz. Northern
regions.
collina, Hoffm. Europe.
qe atica, Hoffm. Northern
ons.
Myositis minimus, L. Europe, &c.
Myrrhis odorata, Scop. Europe, &c.
‘Nardus stricta, L. Europe, &c.
Nemesia de Nt Lehm. Cape of
Goo
d
pubescens, A Cape of
Good Hope.
versicolor, Æ. Mey. Cape of
Good Hope.
Nemophila aurita, Lindl. Cali- |
indo ide; Doui. Cüitom
Sie grandiflora, Hon."
Bari Benth. California.
Menziesii, E age rm Cali-
19
Nemophila—cont.
ora, Dougl.
nerica.
An
Nepeta concolor, rong & Heldr.
Asia Min
BE WwW.
Mussini, wm Caucasus.
Nepetella, £. S. Euro
nuda, Z. S. Europe, &c.
spicata, Benth. icm Himalaya.
suavis, Stapf. N. W. Hima-
laya.
Gaertn.
Nicandra physaloides,
Peru.
Nicotiana alata, Link & Otto. S.
razil.
Langsdorffii, Schrank. Tem
paniculata, L. S. Ame
Bee oig inn L. Mediter-
ean region
gion.
hispiiiea; L. Spain,
sat iva, L. Medi varfo re-
on.
gem pos D. Don.
Tu.
prostrata, L. Peru, Chili, &e,
Nonnea decumbens, Moench. W.
Medi region.
Nothoscordum fragrans, Kunth.
Mexico, &c.
CEnanthe crocata, Z. Europe.
globulosa, L. S. Europe, &e.
Lachenali, €. €. Gmelin. S.
pe, &c.
aee folia, Pollich.
Eur
phupinelloMtes, L., Europe, &e.
silaifolia, Bieb. Europe, &c.
— var. australis, Wulf. Car-
niola,
CEnothera amoena, Lehm. Cali-
— var. - rubicunda, Hort.
À. Chili
ntata, Ca È
cpilobifolia, H. B. $ K. New
ena
ae r N. = eo
—
oungii,
fuos, Micke Wo Amo
B2
(Enothera—cont.
od Jacq. Chili.
pumi oN. ei
rosea, Áit. N. America, &c.
tts N.
speciosa, Nutt. N. = Saleen:
tenella, Cav. Chili.
tetraptera, Cav. Mexico.
triloba, Nutt. N. America.
Omphalodes linifolia, Moench. S.
Europe.
Onobrychis sativa. Lam. Europe,
&c.
Mem arvensis, L. Euro
ri Madness
eas
repens, L. Europe.
rotundifolia, L. Europe.
oo emt osa, L. Europe.
— var. alba
lods. Acanthium, Z. Europe.
ct Boiss. Asia
nor,
tnter Willd. S. Europe.
Chironium, : Koch.
Opopanax
Mediterranean region
— Ames Soland. Madeira.
a, L. Europe, &c.
latifolia, L. Euro ope, &c.
sey tt L. Europe and Asia
Min
— var. - ede ba.
Origanum Mo Sein L. Europe, &c.
lbu
Ornithogalum ede Stev.
ucasu
niarbouonse, Zs Mediterranean
region
orthophyllum, Tenore. Italy.
tenuifolium, Guss. S. Europe,
&c.
Ornithopus perpusiilus, Z. Europe,
&e.
Orobanche minor, Sutt. Europe.
ramosa, L. Europe, &c.
.. "Oxyria elatior, P. Br. Nepal.
. Oxytropis ochroleuca, Bunge.
Siberia, &c. i
og ee
ora, rio Thrace, Asia
inor.
var. Pallasii, se
peregrina, Mill. Ori
Palaua dissecta, Benth. "s &c.
Pallenis spinosa, Cass. Mediter-
Panicum capillare, Z. W. hemi-
Pp
0 . Tropics
Crus-galli, Z. S. Europe, &c.
miliaceum, Z.. Tropical regions.
proliferum, Lain. N. America.
sanguinale, Z. Cosmopolitan.
Papaver aculeatum, Thunb. S.
Argemone, Z. Europe, &c.
caucasicum, Bieb. Caucasus.
UM L. Kurope.
var. Lecoqii (Lamotte),
- Europe.
glaucum, Boiss, & Hausskn.
Bieb.
Asia Minor.
Mee T: Koch.
dica DL. Aretic
E. m "regions.
— var. album.
orientale, L. Asia M
— var. bebe (Lindl).
laevigatum, Greece,
Armenia.
and
pavstim Mea Afghanistan,
&e.
poes ur & Sm. mes
Rhoeas, L. Europe
— var. Hacker; Baker) Je
— var. “ Shirley.
deccm ee ct & Reut.
~~ Spain, M
— var. Vaanin Ball.
somniferum, Z. China, &e.
Parietaria officinalis, Z. S. Europe, -
&e.
Parnassia nubicola, Wali. Hima-
ya.
palustris, Z. N. hemisphere.
Pennisetum cenchroides, Rich.
Tropical and subtrop ical
Se
21
Pentstemon a Roth. W.
Uni tates.
Cimpassulatas, Willd. Mexico.
d
coeruleus, Nutt. W. Unite
Sta
confertus, Dougl. Rocky
mountains.
diffusus, Dougl. W. North
America
seri Pur sh. W. United
State
Har ws Benth. Mexico.
laevigatus, Soland. var. Digi-
pubescens, Soland. N.Amer
Richardsonii, Dougl. Orsi
Perezia multiflora, Less. Brazil.
Petunia Ser Juss. Ar-
gen
er coriaceum, Z?eichb. f.
S. Europe.
velot Latour. soe sea
graveolens, Benth. In
Ostruthium, Koch. Eur rope
pauci ege Ledeb. Caucasus.
ee nth. & Hook. f.
demie Funk India.
Phacelia e Micha. N.
euin pails, A. Gray. Cali-
for
divaricata, A. Gray California.
hispida, A. Gray. California.
loasaefolia, Torr. “eco edm
Parryi, Torr. Californ
oe Benth. Califor-
Tiii Torr. N. Am
Whitlisin 4. Gray. California.
— var. alba,
Phaenospherma ae Munro.
Chin
Phalaris —À L. S. Europe.
aradoxa, £L. Mediterranean
regio
tuberosa, L. Mediterranean
region
Phaseolus mitos, Willd.
Me
ricciardianus, Tenore. Origin
Phaseolus-—cont.
tuberosus, Lour. di gam
vulgaris, L. Cultivated.
Phleum asperum, de. Set &e.
Boehmeri, Wibel. Europe, &c.
mte 2s Ns
var. m, (Z.).
Phlomis Eni uk. Himalaya.
S. Europe, Asia
Minor, &c.
umbrosa, T'urcz. China, &e.
Physalis Alkekengii, Z. Europe.
chenopodiifolia, Lam. Pern.
peruviana, L, Tro
viscosa, L. ‘Tropical America.
Physochlaina orientalis} G. Don.
Orient.
Physostegia virginiana, Benth.
var. speciosa, A, Gray. N.
America
Phyteuma canescens, Waldst. §
Kit. Europe
Halleri; Ald. Europe.
nod Sibth. & Sm.
S. Europe, Asia Minor.
Michelii All. Europe.
orbiculare, L. Europe.
spicatum, L. Europe
Phytolacca acinosa, Roxb. Hima-
laya, &e. Po
Pieridium tingitanum, Desf. Medi-
terranean region
Picris hieracioides, L. Europe, &c.
Syaa Anisum, m Greece, &c.
a, L. Europe, &c.
Pisum nos Bieb. ui di
s K
Plantago amplexica xicaulis, Cav.
Mediterranean region. -
arenaria, soe & Kit,
Europe,
Coronopus, É Europe, &e.
Cynops, L. Europe, &e.
ge L. Mediterranean
lanceolata, L. Europe, &c.
Oreades, Bice Coloiibia.
22
Plantago—
ovata, od Mediterranean
region
patagonica, Jacq. N. & S.
ONA
reaper, EA kma enang A.DC.
‘China and Japan
— var. C Marioni Hort.
Platystemon en Benth.
California
lehrum, Aitch,
[Afta
Poa ara e N. & Arctic regions.
ensis, (Haenke).
m
Plurospermu p
&H
peo temperate
Chai, P Vill. Europe, &c.
chinensis, Z. China, &c.
compressa, L. N. "temperate
regions.
pratensis, L. N. temperate
ions.
trivialis, L. N. temperate
regio
violacea, “pell. S. Europe.
Podolepis acuminata, R. Br.
Australia.
Podophyllum Emodi, Wall. Hima-
laya.
Polemonium caeruleum, Z. N.
flavum, Greene. N. prev
Fna a rii, Baker. Hima-
nn
mexicanum, Cerv. Mexico
pauciflorum, S. A cuf Mexico.
reptans, L. N. rica.
Polygonatum verticillatum, Ald,
Europe, &c.
Polygonum alpinum, A//.S. Europe,
&e
temperate
aviculare, DON
Bistorta, L. N. regi
Bo nine Buch-Ham. Fitin
ue _ ompastum, 7 ve 2s sgg
molle, D.Don E :
Polygonum— cont.
rum, Z.N. arctic regions.
Weyrichii, F. Schmidt. Sach-
alin Island
vea do monspeliensis, Desf.
mperate & tropical re-
Sets
Polypteris texana, A. Gray.
Texas, &e
Potentilla alchemilloides, Lapeyr.
ee, L. N. temperate
regio
— var. anbi M4 caa
arguta, Pursh. N. Ame
ART Wall. Hitialaya:
aurea, L. Eur. var. ambigua,
(Gaud.).
collina, Wibel. y hee &e.
Detommasii, Teno
urope.
dichtliana, Kern. Europe.
digitata x flabellata. Europe.
glandulosa, Lindl. California,
heptaphylla, Mill. Europe.
irta, L. S. Europe, &c.
kotschyana, Fe nzl, Kur-
distan. i
kurdica, Boiss. Kurdistan.
tenegrina, Pantoc. Mon-
enegro.
multifida, Z. Europe, &e.
nepalensis, Hook. Himalaya.
nevadensis; vett Spain.
opaca,
None Fas L. N. Ame-
rica, &c.
— var. arachnoidea, Lehm.
pseudo-chrysantha, Hort.
n uncertain.
pyrenaica, Set Pyrenees.
recta, : rope, &e.
rupestris, 1, Europe,
schrenkiana, Regel. ‘Cente
semi-argen tea, He
Mrs Hort. Garden
Sita Halt. f Europe,
wei
E Ludi
Potentilla—coné.
Visianii, Pane. Ser
det oa Tisch. p Mey.
Siber
Poterium canadense, A. Gray. N.
merica.
Sanguisorba, L. N. temperate
regions.
Prenanthes purpurea, Z. Europe.
Primula ‘oes L. Japan,
denticulata, Sim. Himalaya.
, Royle. Himalaya.
verticithita, Forsk. Arabia.
Prunella grandiflora, Jacg. Europe.
. laciniata, Hort.
. rubra,
vulgaris,
gions.
—- var
Temperate re-
Psoralea macrostachya, DC. Cali-
ae
physodes, Hook. No W:
America.
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, DC.
N. America.
Ramondia es Rich.
Pyrenee
niue acris, L. Europe, &c.
r. Steveni.
srvoiiti L. Europe, &c.
Broteri, Freyn. Spain
brutis Tenore. S. Europe,
Perat Bieb, Caucasus.
mecnm e Mediter-
poe E N.
America, &e.
Flammula, L. N. pere
gi
Lingua, ja Europe, &o.
muricatus, Æ. Europe, re
parviflorus, L. Europe,
repens, L. N. temperate Te-
gions. .
Raphanus sativus, Z. toj.
Rapistrum linnaeanum, Boiss. $
Reut. S. Europe.
Reseda "i L. Europe, &e.
n
Phyteu uma, Æ. Mediterranean
region.
virgata, Boiss. & Reut. Spain
and Portugal.
Rhagadiolus Hedypnois, Fisch. &
Mey. Caucasus, &e
stellatus, Gaertn. S. Europe.
Rheum collinianum, Paill. China.
Emodi, Wall. Himalaya.
Franzenbachii, Mwent. 'Tem-
perate Asia.
spinae. Mart. Origin
officinale, ‘Baill. Thibet.
China
Rhaponticum, Z. Siberia.
rugosum, Desf. Origin un-
dl L. Siberia, &e.
-webbianum, oyle, Himalaya.
Rhexia virginica, IL. N. America.
Roemeria hybrida, DC. S. Europe.
Rudbeckia amplexicaulis, Vahl.
N. Ame
californica, A. Gray. Cali-
ornia.
hirta, Z. N. America.
laciniata, £L. N. America. :
occidentalis, Nutt. N.
America.
Rumex "sem Jacq. Abys-
ag L. Europe, &e.
Ber ise ieri, Meissn. Cali-
Brows Cana. Austr
nepalensis, Spreng. Himalaya.
| pe
_— var, ina Wet J:
occiden vet S. Wats. N. W.
mA S. Europe, &c.
Ves g^ Europe, &c.
teen ^ editerranean re-
on, &e.
salicifolius, Weinm.
America,
Be
Ruta graveolens, Z. S. Europe.
Sagina d Fenzl. Europe.
pilifera, (Fenzl).
Salvia nator. S. Europe, &c.
argentea, L. Mediterranean
region
Beckeri, Traut. Caucasus.
clandestina, ZL. Europe.
glutinosa, Z. Europe, &c.
suot Etling. Asia
Min
Bani Royle Himalaya.
Ho m, L. Mediterranean
reg
a NE oe roseis.
— var. bracteis violaceis.
interrupta, Schousb. Marocco.
lanceolata, Brouss. N. W.
America.
lyrata, L: N. America.
dagona, Jacq. Asia Minor,
T
: s, L. S. E. Europe.
zd sinas L. Mediterranean
pratensis, = Europe, &e.
— var.
— u Tisi (Heuff.)
im: rosea.
Schiedenna, Stapf. Mexico.
Sclarea, Z. Mediterranean
Ferion.
sylvestris, Z. var. alba. Eur.
tiliaefolia, Vahl. Mexico.
enaca, L. Europe, &c.
— var. disermas, (Sibth. &
verticillata, Z. S. Europe.
virgata, Ait. Europe.
viseosa, Jacq. Europe.
Sanvitalia procumbens, Lam.
Mexico.
Saponaria calabrica, Guss, Italy,
oeymoides, L. Europe.
- Saracha tim Schlecht.
Mexico
sents hortensis, L. Mediter-
: ni an region, &c.
ana, L. “Europe, &e.
ylla, Sternb.
Sei arvensis, M9 fe. E
Saxifragr a—cont.
— var.
— var. poctinata, (Schott).
— var. pygmaea
— var. recta, (Lape yr.).
— var. rotata.
— var. rosularis, Schleich.
bulbifera, L. Europe.
caespitosa, L. N. & arctic
regions.
— var. h
r. hirta:
cartilaginea, Willd, Caucasus,
cochiears, Reichb. " So a
Cotyledon, Z. Euro
— var. pyramidalis eum
crustata, Vest. Alps of Europe.
— var. altissima ( Kern.).
Styria.
— var. faina biii Hort.
hypnoides, Z. Euro
kolenntiena, Kegel. Asia Minor.
actea, Turcz. Siberia.
lingulata, Bell. S. Europe.
— var. Tuntoscana, (Boiss. &
Reut.)
longifolia, Lapeyr. Pyrenees.
muscoides, Wulf. Europe, &c.
var. pygmaea (/7aw.).
pedatifida, LArh. S. France.
peltata, Torr. $ Gray. Cali-
fo
rocheliana, Sternb. E. Europe
coriophylla, ( Grireb. ).
rotundifolia, L. Euro
— Y suta
SA, p> Europe.
u
Tet Walp Carniol
tricuspidata, Rottb. NA arctic
regions.
umbrosa, L. W. Europe.
valdensis, DC. Piedmont, &c.
Scabiosa amoena,Jacg. Asia Minor,
Scabiosa—cont
australis, Wulf. S. Europe,
Č:
Columbaria, Z. Europe, &c,
graminifolia, Z. S. Europe, &e
a L. Mediterranean
regio
integr itolin, L. Greece & Asia
Min
isetensis, ` L. Caucasus
lucida, Vi
macedonica, (Griseb.). Mace-
donia.
micrantha, Desf. E. Europe,
a Minor, &c.
platina, L. Syria, &e.
R
ucraniea, Z. S. Europe.
vestina, Face. Europe.
Scandix Balansae, Reut. Asia
inor.
dem Ae Guss. Sicily,
Syr
t
macrorhyncha Coa Mey.
Asia Min
Schismus marginatus, Beauv. S.
Europe, &c.
Schizanthus pinnatus, Ruiz & Pav.
Chili.
retusus, Hook. Chili & Peru.
Schizopetalum Walkeri, Sims.
- Chili.
Scilla STU L. Europe, Asia
hiina, Benth. China.
festalis, Salisb. W. Europe
hispanica, Mill. Europe.
ar. alba.
— var. rubra.
lingulata, Poir. N. Africa.
rerna, Huds. W. Europe.
* Scirpus Caricis, Retz. Europe.
setaceus, L. Europe, &c.
Scleranthus annuus, L. Europe,
perennis, L. Europe, &c.
Selerocarpus epenninvin Benth. &
Hook. f. Mex
' Seo m maculatus, = Europe.
| Scopolia lurida, Dun. Himalaya.
Scorpiurus menace: L. Medi-
terranean regio
Scorzonera uae 8. Europe.
Scrophularia alata, Gilib. Europe.
aquatica, L. Europe.
nodosa. E N. temperate
regio
e - Boiss. & Heldr.
vernalis, TA Europe.
Scutellaria albida, L.S. E. Europe.
alpina urope, &e.
altissima, £L. Caucasus, &e.
baiealensis, Georgi, Siberia,
galericulata, L. N. temperate
regions.
Secale Cereale, Z. Orient.
-— var. villosum.
Securigera Coronilla, L. S. Europe.
Sedum Aizoon, Z. Siberia.
P
hybridum, Z. Siberia.
magellense, Ten. cient Asia
inor.
—— Sut. Europe, &c.
—- var. atropurpureum
eiiddendoiliandtit Mazim.
Amurland.
roseum, Scop. N. temperate
gions.
villosum, L. Europe, &e..
wallichianum, Hook.
Thoms. Himalaya.
Selinum aes Fe N.regions.
Sempervivum
Sota.
mettenia
Sigel
tanum,
Pyrenees.
Senecio v at
Eur
5
m,
"Tyrol.
Schnittsp.
Alps and
Loisel.
^ egyptus, L. Egypt.
Europe, &c.
Doronicum, Z. Europe.
elegans, L. S. A rica.
-— var. al
-— var. purpurea,
26
Senes EP ee
chsii, C. C. Gmel. Europe.
ip. Jap:
thyrsoideus, DC. S. Africa.
A Wa ldst. & Kit.
arope.
Vibes, L. Europe, &c.
Serratula coronata, L. Siberia.
— var. macrophy
Gmelinii, Ledeb. Sib
quinquefolia, Bieb. Dani.
` tinctoria, L. Europe
Seseli gummiferum, Sm. Crim
tortuosum, Z. S. Europe, n
“Setaria glauca, Beauv. Europe, &c.
italica, Beauv. Tropical and
subtropical regions
emn Spreng. India,
verticillata, Beauv. posnopo-
viridis, Beauv. Cosmopolitan.
Sherardia arvensis, L. Europe, &c.
— peregrina, Z. Mauritius,
| Sicyos bryoniaefolia, Moris. Chili.
Sidaleea candida, A. Gray. New
Mexico.
Sideritis scordioides, Z. S. Europe.
Silene alpestris, Ads Alps.
Armeria, £L
rope.
chloraefolia, Sm. var. swerti-
clandestina, Jacg. S. Afri
demnm Poir. Mediterranean
conoid, L. Europe.
cretica, £L. S. Europe.
niter Wibel. Europe,
i ee Otth. S. outa
fimbriata, Sims, Caucasus.
Link. Mediterranean
ata,
... Fortunei, Vis. China.
fuscata, Link
Silene—cont
italica, Per s, Mediterranean
region
juvenalis, Delile. Asia Minor.
aeta, A. Br, W. Mediterra-
nean regio
linicola, C. C.Gmel. Germany.
longicilia, Otth. Spain, &c.
acm Wit urope.
tans, re Europe, &e.
obtusifolia, Willd, W. Medi-
ydo. Ss
pendula, Z. Mediterranean
r
8!
pseudo-atocion E deg... N.
Africa
quadri ifida, L. Europe.
ifra , Europ
Schafta, Gmel. Caos
sedoides, Jacq. Maditertahienc
region
stylosa, Bunge. Siberia.
tatarica, Pers. E. Europe, &e.
tenuis, Willd. Siberia
undulata, Ait. S. Afm
vallesia, £. Europe.
"MON J. Gay. Asia
Min
vespertina, Hare Mediterra-
regio
Zawadskii H erbichs
Trans-
sylvania, &c.
Silphium perfoliatum, Z. N.
America
scaberrimum, Eli, N. America.
trifoliatum, £L. N. America
Silybum eburneum, Coss. § Dur,
N ica,
Marianum, Gaertn. Europe.
Sisymbrium pest Lose.
ara, x
austriacum, Tie Europe.
erysimoides, -—5 Mediterra-
region, &c.
hispanicum, p cg. Spain.
multifidum, Willd. Siberia.
officinale, ‘Scop. S. hn
; polyceratium; 4E. Europe, &e.
— Sophia, Z. "Tem emperate regions.
L. Europe.
27
Sisyrinchium Bogen alia, Mill,
ric
bermudiana, A Bermuda.
striatum, Sm. Argentina, &c.
Siam erectum, Huds. Europe, &c.
latifolium, Z. Europe, &c.
Smilacina racemosa, Desf. N.
merica.
stellata, Desf. N. America.
Smyrnium Olusatrum, Æ. Europe,
&e.
Solanum guineense, Lam. Trop.
rostratum, Dun. Mexico.
villosum, Willd. Europe.
Solidago canadensis, Z. N.
America.
Sonchus oleraceus, 1. Europe.
palustris, L. Europe, &c.
Sorghum- vulgare, Pers. Tropical
and subtropical regions.
Sparganium simplex, Huds.
Europe, &c.
“cece falcata, A.DC. Medi-
anean region.
— var. castellana, Lange.
poiram A.DC. Asia
Min
in
R pörfoliátm A.DC: N.
merica.
Speculum, A.DC. Europe,
&c.
Spergula arvensis, Z. Europe.
Spies Aruneus, L. N. Hapara
sions.
dion mbens, Koch. Europe.
Sad rd Dri L. Mois
— var. intermedia.
arvensis, J. N. temperate
Betonien, Benth. Europe, kc.
var. alba. :
grandiflora, Benth. Asia
Min . :
spinulosa, Sibth. d Sm.
ES cu M
alee, 2 » me" &c.
Statice bellidifolia, Go . Europe.
densi , Euro
pe.
Wi ilid. Caucasus,
Gmelinii,
&e.
emm ie Spain.
Lim , L. Em
e.
Su vorowii, Pd Central
Asia
tatarica, L: Caucasus, &c.
Thouini, Viv. Mediterranean
region,
tomentella, Boiss. S. Russia.
Stevia Eupatoria, Willd. Mexico.
ovata, Lag. Mexico.
Stipa Paese L. Mediterranean
region
og Calamagrostis, Wahlenb.
Euro
pennata, E. Europe, &e.
Swerts cordata, Wall. Himalaya.
» ; . temperate
gions.
P dett Baumg. Transyl.
Symphyandra Hofmanni, Pant.
pendula, A.DC. Caucasus
Wanneri, Heuff.Transsylvania.
Symphytum officinale, Z. Europe.
Sm toe uem Ledeb. | S.
a, &c.
Tagetes me Cav. Mié
patula, Z. Mexico.
pusilla, 77.5. & K. Ecuador.
Tamus communis, Z. m &e,
Taraxacum g anthum, DC.
Im
Mediterranean region.
Telephium Imperati, Z. Mediter-
ranean region, &c. -+
Tellima qudm R:Br. N.W.
dicii" p » L Herit,
Peru
expansa, — corum
warns di Serpo; &e.
canadense, - Athos "S. .
Chamaedrys, £. Europe, &e.
— var, aure
7. Caucasus,
multiflorum, TA Spain.
Scorodonia, L. Europe.
Thalictrum angustifolium, JZ.
urope, &c.
— var. nigricans, ( DC.).
aquilegifolium, Z. Europe, &c.
pe, &e.
— var. i ei ce (Lej.
& Cou
glancum, Desf. Aes
Eur
minus, po:
— var. affine (Jor ^s
ar. concinnum (Willd.).
— var. elatum
— var. pubescens (Schleich. »
— var. purpurascens( Georgi).
Thelesperma filifolium, 4. Gray.
N.W. America.
Thermopsis lanceolata, R. Br.
Siberia.
montana, Nutt. N. America.
Thlaspi alliaceum, L. Europe.
alpestre, L. Europe, &c.
arvense, L. Europe, &c.
ceratocarpon, Murr.
Minor, &c.
perfoliatum, L. Europe, &c.
p x, Wulf. Austria.
Thymus azoricus, Lodd. Azore
eomosus, Heuff. Transat
Asia
ania.
Surpyllum, L. Europe, &c.
Tigridia Pavonia, — Ker-Gawl.
Mexico.
Tinantia fugax, Scheidw. Tropi-
al America.
Tinguarra sicula, Benth. § Hook.
f. Sicily, &e.
Tofieldia calyculata, Wahlenb,
Europe, &c.
Tordylium cordatum, Poir. Crete,
&c.
Trachelium caeruleum, L. W.
Mediterranean region.
Trachymene pilosa, Sm, Australia.
Tragopogon majus, Jacg. Europe.
orientalis, L, Europe, de. -
Trifolium bifidum, Gray. var.
ecipiens. California.
incarnatum, zs
Lagrangei, Boiss. Or ient.
leucanthum, B ieb. cin. &c.
medium, Z are
minus, Sm. Eur Pone:
multistriatum, Koch. E
uro
patie ae m, L. Europe, &c.
Perrey mondi, Gren. & Godr.
Fran
iic. L. Europe.
repens, 1. Europe.
resupinatum, Z. Europe.
roscidum, Greene. California,
tridentatum, Lina N.
America.
ia, eh maritimum, Z. Europe.
alus ope.
e, L. Euro
Trigonella taidat, iy S.
rope.
coer flex, Ser. E. Europe.
cretica, Boiss. Crete.
Foenum-graecum, L.
Europe.
ovalis, Boiss. Spain.
Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb. N,
| America.
Trinia OEE Bieb. E. Europe.
Kitaibelii, Bieb. E. Europe,
&c.
Tripteris cheiranthifolia Schultz.
Abyssin
Trisetum disertis Beauv.
E
flavescen’, Beauv. Europe, &c.
Triticum Aegilops, Beauv. Orient.
durum, n S. Europe, N.
Africa
monococcum, L. Europe.
ovatum, Rasp. Europe.
triunciale, Rasp. Europe.
Tritonia er ora, Hort.
Trollius asiaticus, Z. Siberia, Kc.
Tropaeolum aduncum, Sm. Peru,
&e
majus, L. Peru.
minus, Z. Peru.
Troximon glaucum, Nutt. N.W.
merica.
at ee A. und N.W.
lacinias
erica.
Tunica illyrica, Boiss. S. Éurope,&c.
prolifera, Scop. Europe, &c.
Saxifraga, Scop. Europe, &e.
Urospermum Dalechampii, Desf.
uro
picroides, Desf, S. Europe.
A, Gray. N.
alliarinefolin, p. ahl.
o]
op ;
-—- var. exaltata, (Mikan).
— var. Passat. (Mikan).
Phu, £L us.
Valer india. iib.
e
coronata, DC. S. Europe.
Loisel.
echinata,
eri
ocarpa, Desv
olitoria, Poll. Europe, &c.
vesicaria, Moench. S. Europe,
&c.
Veratrum en. - Europe, &c.
nigrum, Z. Europe, &c
viride, Ait. N. America.
Verbascum Blattaria, Z. Europe.
Chaixii, Vill. S. W. Euro
malacotrichum, Boiss.& Heldr.
urope,
nigrum, L. Europe, &c.
phlomoides, Z. Europe, &e.
phoeniceum, Z. Europe, &c.
pyramidatum, Bieb. Crimea,
&e.
sinuatum, L. Euro rope, &c.
Schrad. E. Europe.
i L, Europe,
Verhena Aubletia, L. N. America.
bonariensis, L. S. America.
caroliniana, Michx. S. United
States
officinalis, L. Europe, &e.
prostrata, R.Br. California.
venosa, Gill. & Hook. Buenos
Ayres.
Vernonia altissima, Nutt. United
States.
Veronica agrestis, Z. Europe, &c.
aphylla, Z. Europe, &c.
eet - Foe g Ke.
r. pinnatifida.
Bidwilli, Hook. Jf. N. Zealand.
. exaltata, " Maud. Siberia.
gentianoides, Vahl.
urope, &c.
incana, Z, S. Russia, &c.
S. E.
incisa, Ait.
tongifotia L ^ Europe, Ke,
— var. f. subsessilis, AMiq.
Lut, Hook f. N. Lestat:
saxatilis, Scop. Europe
serpyllifolia, Z.
spicata, Z. E
Teucrium, Z. Europe, &c.
— var.Jlatifolia, (L. :
virginica, L. N. America.
— var. asee (Steud.).
Hook.
Vesicaria grandiflora,
Texas.
Vicia amphicarpa, Dorth. S.
urope, &c.
atropurpurea, Desf. S.
icr L. Mediterranean
vicaniti mA Mediterra-
nean region, &c.
Cracea, Z. N. "hemisphere.
disperma, DC. S. W. Europe.
m oue Willd. S. Europe,
Faba, L. Cultivated.
— var, equina, ( Steud,).
gigante, Hook, N. W,
Am Hen,
30
Vicia—cont. Wanlenbergia——cont
narbonensis, L. Mediterra- graminifolia, ADC. Italy, &c.
nean region. undulata, 4.DC. S. Africa.
annonica, Crantz. Europe. j suris
p 4 P Wulfenia carinthiava, Jacg. Car-
inthia.
sepium, L. Europe, &c. Xanthium strumarium, Z. Europe,
urope. Xanth hal S is
unijuga, A. Braun. Siberia. xn ua m Pie oa ae
u Li
villosa, Roth. Europe, &c.
Xincotokieuit fuocuiuit, Jis, J Xeranthemum annuum, Z. S&S.
nee = um «c - , Reichb, f. Europe, &c
nigrum, Moench, Europe, &c. cylindraceum, Sibth. & Sm.
officinale, Moench. Europe Europe, &ec.
E eiie eapensis, Walp, S.
odorata, L. Europe, &c. Zinnia dira Jacq. Mexico,
renim, L. N. temperate multiflora, L. Mexico.
regions. tenuiflora, Jacq. Mexico, &c.
rothomagensis, Desf. Europe. | Ziziph L. E. Eur
phora capitata, rope.
Sen Ait. N. America. ienuior, Z. S. Europe, Asia
syrtica, Sünd. Europe. i
masama L. Europe, &c. j
bier LM capensis, A.DC. Zy WE us Pursh. N.
S [
gracilis, 4. DC. Australia.
TREES
AND
31
SHRUBS.
Acer campestre, L. Europe.
— var. hebecarpum, DC.
WC ae Pursh. N.W.
hyreanum, Fisch. $ Mey. Cau-
Hom Boiss, & Buhse.
"ersia.
macrophyllum, Pursh. Cali-
fornia, &e.
monspessulanum, L. Euro
opulifolium, Vill. yar, ibas
satum. Europe.
— var purpurascens.
MELDE Hp-
kreni L. E. 4 UC.
?
Ailantus glandulosa, Desf. China.
Alnus cordifolia, Ten. Italy.
fir
, S. & Z. Japan.
glutinosa, Gaertn. E
var. rubronervia, Hort.
— var. sorbifolia, Hort.
incana, Willd. N. hemisphere.
— var. laciniata, Hort.
japonica, Steb.§ Zucc. Japan.
rhombifolia, Nutt. California,
6,
serrulata, Willd. N. Amer
eu DC. Northern hemi-
sphere
Amelanchier canadensis, Torr. &
Gray. N. Amer.
Amor pha fruticosa; o Nel.
Aucuba japo Thunb: Japan.
Baccharis halimifolia, Z. N. Amer.
Borbéřis arisintà; DC. Himalaya.
var. floribunda,
= var
Berberis—coné.
quifolium, Pursh. W. N,
m
er.
— var. fascicularis,
/ichols.
r
Le.
stenophylla, Moore. Garden
ry brid.
Thunbergi, DC. Japan.
virescens, Hook. f. Hima-
laya.
, L. Europe, &c.
— var. iberica, Hort.
— var. foliis purpureis.
wallichiana, DC. Himalaya.
Betula alba, Z. N. Hemisph.
— var. costata
— var. aet
ar. Youngii, Hort
m urica, Pall. Siberia, &c.
papyracea, Ait. N. Amer.
i . Amer,
Buddleia japonica, Hemsl. Japan.
Buxus sempervirens, Z. Europe,
&c.
— var. austriaca.
r. latifolia
Cal youn occidentalis, Hook. &
Arn. Californ
Caragana iaren Lam.
frutescens, DC. South Russia
var, a
“TE Betulus, L. Europe, &e.
titora; Dives. Japan.
orientalis, MZ. S. oom.
Catalpa speciosa, Warder. N.
rica,
veges ead eran E. United
States
éamelitis, Nutt. California.
ge abs rus, JAEschsch. Cali:
ornia,
Celastrus articulatus, Thunb.
apan.
scandens, L. N. Amer.
Celtis occidentalis, Z. N. Amer.
Cistus laurifolius, £L. S.W. Europe.
‘Cladrastis amurensis, Benth. Amur-
land.
Clematis Flammula, Z. S. Eur., &c.
fusca, T'urcz. China & Japan.
integrifolia, L. Europe.
demere Nutt. N. ges
Pitcheri, Torr. & Gray. v
iostylis.
Vitalba, L. Europe, &c.
Colutea arborescens, = Eur, &e.
cruenta, Ait. Orie
Coriaria japonica, 4. Gray. Japan.
Cornus alba, Z. N
alternifolia, Z. P N. N
macrophylla, Wall. N "Tadia
to Jap
Mas, zt Europe? m
sanguinea, ZL. Europe.
Cotoneaster € Lindl. Himal.
bacillari , Wall. Him
obtusa, Hort.
buxifolia, Wall. Himal.
frigida, Wall. Himal.
horizontalis; Deene. Himal.
axiflora, Jacq. Siberia.
lucida, Schlecht. Origin un-
nown.
microphylla, Wall. Himal.
mmularia, Fisch. & Mey.
Europe, Asia.
rotundifolia, Wali. Himal.
Simonsii; Baker. Himal.
thymifolia, Baker. Himal.
ieem coccinea, L. N. Amer.
ifoli
Crataegus—cont
Cru s-Galli, ah. N. Amer.
— var. arbutifolia, Hort.
— var. ovalifolia, Lindl.
— var. prunifolia, Torr. &
ray.
— var. splendens, Lodd.
Douglasii, Lindl, West,
merica.
N.
flava, Ait. N. America.
heterophylla, Fluegg. Orient.
melanocarpa, Bieb. Caucasus.
mollis, Pagat United States.
nigra, ist. 4$ Ku. E.
Europe.
orientalis, Pall, Orient.
xyacantha, L. Eur.
— var. fusca, 77ort.
pentagyna, Kit. E re
pinnatifida,
major
&e
ar.
E. e China,
punctata, Jacq. N. Amer.
Pyracantha, Pers. var. La-
landii, Hort.
MM Nutt. West. N.
"rir Orient.
tutor folis Pers. Orient.
tomentosa, mer.
aniflora, Muench. N. Amer.
Cupressus Benthami, Znd/,Mexico.
Dé ^ Oan Murr, California,
areas Mill.
or oa Lamb. N. W.
Am T.
Cytisus iis L.S. W. Eur.
ene
purpureus, Scop ur.
scoparius, L. Eur.
— var. andréanus
var, pendulus, Mort
supinus,
pene mes D. Don. w.
Daphne Mezereum, L. Europe.
var, flore albo, -
33
m crenata, S. & Z. Japan.
cabra, Thunb. Japan.
aes longipes, A. Gray.
umbellata, Thunb. Japan.
Erica stricta, Donn. S. Eur.
Euonymus europaeus, Z. Eur.
latifolius, Scop. Eur.
Forsythia suspensa, Vahl. Japan,
&c.
Fraxinus MN D.C. N.
longicuspis, Sieb. & Zucc.
Oras, T. Europe.
Gaultheria Shallon, Pursh. N.
Amer.
Genista aethnensis, DC. Sicily.
elatior.
urope.
virgata, DC. Madeira.
Halesia tetraptera, Z. N. Amer.
Hamamelis virginica, L. N. Amer.
Hedera Helix, Z. Eur., &c.
Hippophae rhamnoides, Z. Eur. &c.
Hypericum Ascyron, Z, N. Asia,
Androsaemum, L. Eur.
ealycinum, Z. Orient.
elatum, Ait. N. Amer
llex Aquifolium, Z. Eur
— var. platyphylla, Hort.
erticillata, A. Gray. N
posera
Imia glauca, Ait. N. Amer
latifolia, Z. N. Amer.
Laburnum meme, J. S. Presl.
Eu
vulgare, J. S. Presl. Eur.
— var. involutum, Hort.
— var. quercifolium, Hort.
Leycesteria formosa, Wall. Himal.
Ligustrum Ibota, Sieb. Japan.
vulgare, Z. Europe.
u 89492.
Lonicera glauca, Hill. m Amer.
M
parvifolia, Edgw. Himalaya.
segreziensis, Hort. Garden
tatarica, L. Siberia.
Xylosteum, Z. Eur.
Lyonia ligustrina, DC. N. Amer.
Magnolia soulangeana, Hort.
Garden origin.
tripetala, L. United States.
Menispermum canadense, L. N.
` Amer.
Morus nigra, L. Temperate Asia.
Myrica cerifera, L. United States.
Neillia opulifolia, Benth. § Hook.
N. Amer.
Olearia Haastii; Hook. f. N.
Zeal
Paulownia imperialis, Sieb. &
Zucc. Jap
Pernettya mucronata, Gaudich.
ili, &c.
Philadelphus hirsutus, Nutt.
Oregon.
Platanus occidentalis, Z. N.
Amer.
Potentilla fruticosa, Z. North
hemisphere.
Prunus acida, Borkh. var. semper-
g
m, L. Eur
Avi ‘ope, &c.
Briganti ia =
Chaix. S.E.
Capollin, p Mexico, &c.
Persica, Stokes. var. foliis
rubris
pumila, $2 N. Amer.
Ptelea trifoliata, Z. N. Amer.
— var. glau
Pyrus americana, D C. N. Amer.
Aria, var. angustifolia,
Lindl
— var. graeca, Boiss.
— var.
— var. es Hort,
poro
Cc
34
Pyrus—cont.
arbutifolia, L. N. Amer.
Aucuparia, Gaertn. Eur.
baccata, L. Asia.
— var. ues
— var. obconoidea.
rc dae Benge: Japan,
Sydouin, S. Europe, &
L
decaisneana, Nichols. Origin
unkno
floribunda, ` Nichols. J n.
D. Don. Himalaya.
Maulei, Mast. Japan.
pinnatifida, Lhrh. e
Ringo, Maaim.
rotundifolia, D Bechst. Europe.
'Toringo, Sieb. Japan.
torminalis, DC. Europe.
Rhamnus Stes, Walt,S.U.
ates
catharti rticus, È. CI &c.
dene Pall.
angula, L. ang
-— var. angustifolius.
BITNE kerrioides, Steb. &
Zucc. Japan.
sae eaten L. Eur
8, L. N. Annikin
paranese L. China and
n
Pur :
pads ineum, Pursh. N.W.
Amer.
— var. AE E
— var. epruinosu K.
Koch.
— var. glutinosum, A. Gray.
Rosa giin oo Euro
ra ( Fries).
Miis, L "pur. var. inermis.
arkansana, Porter. N.
= Schrenk. Asi
riana, Schrenk. Asia.
blanda, Ait. N. America.
ins, ee vet Schlecht.
WN, Ame
Rosa—cont
canina; L. Eur
— var. andegavensis, Baker.
carolina, L. N. Amer.
cinnamomea, Z. Eur. &c
— var. sibirica.
damascena, Mill. Orient, &c.
Englemannii, S. Wats. W.N.
Ame
Fendleri, Crépin. New
Mexico.
ferruginea, Vill, Europe.
fulgens, Christ. erg m
hibernica, Sm. Brit
lucida, Ehrh. N. pem
— var. grandiflora.
macrophylla x rugosa.
micrantha, Sm., var. Briggsi,
her.
Ba
microphylla, Roxb, China.
moschata, Miil. India, &c.
meryd Thunb. Japan.
Willd. N. Amer.
ocarpa, A. Gray y. "West. N.
mer.
pomifera, ZZerrm. Europe.
orrer.
Rubus biflorus, Buch.-Ham.
Himalaya.
caesius, L. Euro
calvatus, Blow. Europe.
emani, Blox. Europe.
deliciosus, James. Rocky
Moun
re e t
Koehleri, W. & N. Europe.
laciniatus, Willd.
leucostachys, Sm. Europe.
lindleyanus, Lees. Britain.
macrophyllus, &
Eur
€— Blox. Britain.
nutkanu Mog. W.N
Am
occidentalis, L. N. Amer.
pubese
Auct. Angl.
rid.
rhamnifolius, J7.4 N. Europe.
sorbifolius, Maxim. China.
suberectus, Anders. Europe.
ulmifolius, Schott. Europe.
villicaulis, W. & N. Europe.
Sambucus pes Nutt. West N.
saci L. Eur. &c.
"A “hemi-
Skimmia Fortunei, Mast. (S. ja-
ponica, Hort.) China.
T herbacea. L. N. Amer.
undifolia, Z. N. Amer.
E junceum, Z. S. Eur.
Spiraea betulifolia, Pall. N. Amer.
&e
canescens, D.Don. Himal.
carpinifolia, Pall. Eur.
Douglasii, Hook. da Amer.
Lone È fJ
— var.
— var. Bumalda.
— var. glabra, Hort.
— var. arate Nichols.
ruberr se
lindleyana, Wall. Him
Margaritae, Zabel. Garden
origin.
Spiraea—c
cont.
nobleana, Hook. California.
Amer
— var. rosea.
sorbifolia, Z. N. Asia.
Staphylea pinnata, Z. Eurcpe.
Symphoricarpus racemosus, Micha,
N. America.
Taxus dires : Eur. &c.
var. adpr
— var. Doviionli, Hort.
— var. fastigiata.
— var. fructu- luteo, Hort.
— var. sinensis,
— Washingtoni, Hort.
seis S. & Z. Japan.
Thuja aa Nutt. W. N.
Am
erora L. N. America.
orientalis, hina and
Japan.
Ulex europaeus, L. Eur.
Vaccinium padifolium, Sm. Ma-
deira.
Viburnum cassinoides, Z. N.
merica.
dentatum, L. N. Amer.,
— var. montanum,
Lantana, L. Europe.
molle, Micha. N. Amer.
Opulus, Z. Eur. &c.
Vitis Labrusea, Z. N. Amer.
*Widdringtonia Whytei, Rendle.
Central Africa.
Yucca Whipplei, Torr. California.
Zelkowa acuminata, Planch.
Japan.
Zenobia speciosa, D. Don. U. S.
America.
—- var. puiverulenta.
* Not hardy.
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
APPENDIX II.—1896.
NEW GARDEN PLANTS OF THE YEAR 1895.
The number of garden plants annually described in botanical and
horticultural publications, both English and foreign, is now so consider-
able that it has been thought "apo to publish a complete list of them
in the Kew Bulletin each year. The following list comprises all the
new introductions recorded drug 1895. These lists are indispensable
botanical establishments in corresponden ith Kew, which are, a
rule, only scantily rabbi with horticultural periodicals. Such a list
will also afford information respecting new plants under cultivation at
this establishment, kay of which will be —— from it in the
regular course of exchange with other botanie garden
The present list includes not only plants brought tito cultivation for
the first time during 1895, but the most noteworthy of those which have
n re-introduced after being lost from cultivation. Other plants
recen
n niditiou to species and botanical varieties, all hybrids, whether
introduced or of garden origin, with botanical names, and described for
the first time in 1895, are included. It has not been thought desirable,
however, to give authorities after the names of garden hybrids in such
genera as Cypripedium, &c. Mere garden varieties of such plants as
Coleus, Codicum or Narli are omitted for obvious reasons.
In every case the plant is cited under its published name, although
some of the names are doubtfully correct. Where, however, a correction
has appeared desirable, this is made.
The name of the person in whose collection the plant was first noticed
or described is given where
n asterisk is E to all those plants of which examples are in
cultivation at Kew
The e from which this list is —€—— with the abbre-
viation used to indicate them, are as follows:—B. JM.— Botanical
Magazine. Bruant Cat.—Bruant’s Catalogue of New Plants, 1895.
. T. O.—Bulletino della R. Società Toscana di Orticultura. Bull Cat.
Bull, Catalogue of New, Beautiful, and Rare Plants. Gard—The
u 95732. 425.—1/97. Wt.21781. í
38
tarden. G. C. RE.
Forest. G/f.—Gartenflor
L'Ilustration Horticole.
Horticulture.
m cle. U
T iod ae Jardin.
urnal des Orchidées.
nd F.—Garden and
—Gardeners’ Magazine. JI. H.—
J. of H.—Journal of
K. B.—Bulletin of =
Jo
cellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew. "^ Tram 0.
R. H—Rev
Orchid Revi
ew.
P Horticulture Belge.
1895. Spaeth Cat.—L. Spaeth,
Cat.—V eitch & Sons, Catalogue of Plants.
Garten-Zeitun
Foot o mom ai i
haere hy S.—Sto
NK apadietger’; Cham. (B. M.
t. 7395.) nose. S. One of
the Bule-horn Acacias which forms a
woody shrub, with large bi-pinnate
leaves and lange horn-like ved in
The flowers are in
clusters on eylbdrical heads, 1 in. ped
Central America and Cuba. (Kew.)
Acalypha hamiltoniana. (Bruant
Cat. 1895.) | Euphorbiacee
hi
or outs
summer months. (Bruant, Poitiers.)
Acanth grandis. (iil. H.
E Ny Tusdo. S. “A handsome
pa
nale, Brussels.
thophenix is peculiar to the Mase
Islands.] Also called Calamus grandi
and stated to be a native o
(Ill. H. 1895, 223.)
Acer Negundo Posti, dns i
128.) , Papin ndacez. ing
mmon ni ss Mmm,
Vermilles.)
Adiantum lineatum. eur H. 195
185, 312, t. 44.) Filices. S. Av
gated maidenhair nearly Seuls
Claesi. Brazil. T orticulture
Internationale, Brusse
Agave Nickelsi. (R. H. 1895, 579.)
~ Ama G. Described as a new
species somewhat resembling A. Vic-
toria-regine. xas
*Aglaonema angustifolia, y E. €
s B. 1895, Dn Aroidew. S. Dis-
ps by it
ilvery gre " stem ; e. mall,
pron B n Straits erf em
T
Alocasia cquilob: N. E. Br. e >
Es B. T A
species ik pem, Betis lobed
vue Horticole.
B. ccHevude d
Sand. Cat, —Sanders? E of New Plants,
General Nursery Catalogu
gue. Veite
W. G.—Wiener Tllustrirte
The abbreviations in the descriptions of the plants are :— f?.—
t G: H.—Hardy. H.
H.—Half-hardy.
leaves, 2 ft. long, and small green
spathes Intermediate between the
entire-leaved and mga -leaved
spécies. New Guinea, (F. Sander &
Co.)
* Aloc c a ea, Sander. (Sand.
Cat. 1895, 36. S. Leaves hastate,
iuith very large, dark green, n, with
a silvery sheen and prominent midrib.
(F. Sander & Co.)
* Aloe brachystachys, Baker. (B.M.
t. 7399.) Liliaceæ. S. n
tubular flowers 1 in. long. Zanzibar
Kew.)
"dioe quom Baker. (K. B. M
9.) new species, very n
y: Coo com ac which it differs E its
smaller fl
flowers and leaves rounded at
the back. Tropical Africa. (Kew.)
Amaryllis Belladonna, L., vars. (B.
T. O. 1895, 16, t.) Amaryllide ze. H, H:
In this journal C. Spre at ra escrivas
and figures four Pet ee, >
carminea, magnifica, s tenopetala.
(Dammann & Co., Na ples es.)
- — — L. Vide M. t. 7445.)
= me all ‘shrub with
of tub nk wers,
subtended by orb leaf-iike —
1 in. We colo "n scarlet and yello
South America. (Kew.)
*Amorphophallus galbra, Beet
nde xvii., DEOS ide:
Silied to A. variabilis, which it apn
in general ‘but the spadix is
shorter and owers have a pine-
apple - like Q sland.
(Kew.
39
flow W. Max Leic os
lin, Baden 3
* Angracu Smithi, PT (ss B.
1895, 37. mier ‘hide S. nute,
lations Pe aad Men pibe iota and
ong, bearing small,
gare oes: Kilimanjaro. (Kew.)
Angrecum prc E Rolfe.
A apiculatum
1895, 194.
which it UE in habit, but im
flowers are twice as large; they a
white, the de brownish. ar
(F. Sander &
Anguloa Mantini. (ill. H.
187.) Orchidee. A variet
uniflora with vies d rose-tinted flowers.
Peru. (E. Sander & Co.)
rico tw sanderianus, Krünzl.
1895,
xviii, 484.) Orchidez.
a probable new mo
dark
Y
ft. high, flowers pale gr Sunda
Islands. (F. Sander & Co.) [Since
described as Macodes sanderiana,
Rolfe.]
* Anthocleista xxn M p
1895, 150, 158.)
sth py ee ibi:
wide; cymes many
1j in. ep yellow. aor (Kew.)
*Anthuri andreanum album.
Veitch Cat. m 2.) Aroidee. $8.
T s the type, but less
(M. Ch. pg paata Belgium
Anthurium sanderianum. (G
1895, xvii, 594.) A edis elated
to A. aadreanum, with a large shield-
shaped, foliaceous spathe. (F, Sander &
Co.)
thickly covered. wi rires PE d
red. (Sir Trevor aera e.)
Mab en ge (n. H
185.) A garden hybrid
[purs i and A. andrea-
C T Horticulture Internationale,
s.)
Anthurium
duci
betw
*Aphaerema spicata, Miers. (B. M.
t. 7398.) Samydacem. S. Monotypic.
Iden
ow
racemes. South Br aik (Kew
ATORO Lagrangei (R. H.1895, .
5 aiad H. A form of
a di
rd cloned bracts flushed bing green
the (Lagrange, France.)
Araucaria imbricata platifolis. (G.
1895, xvil., pps onifer H.
A bp rm with mu der io than
2. type (G. Paul & Son.)
Areca Micholitsii. Case Cat. 1895,
46.) S. Stems attaining a
height at 9 9 ft. “ Leaves dmn: monr
divided." New Guinea. (F. San
Co.)
ee B. 1895,
"Aren, a Engleri, Becc.
9.) Pal oe : ht 5 de with
S. Hei
iier numerous pinn 16 in.
lon, bir o sg above, die below ;
"v hed; it sub-
ter; flowers oa
to be very fragrant. ocala: (Hon,
Kong.)
*Argylia. canescens. D. Don. ie M.
Stem
long an
se belg EXC yellow, with red s
in the throat. Chili. (Kew.)
Aristolo eriana, Mast. (G.
chia damm
C. 1895, xvii., 452.) — Atistolochiacee.
with by
bark. Central America. us Buth,
in,
pale lav:
‘he labellum. (Sir Trevor Lawrence.)
(G. and
meter purple w
spicuous eye- -like blotch of white. China.
(Kew.)
a2
40
he sas tr albanense. (JJ. H. En,
8.) Liliaceæ. Nearly allied to A.
ear St.
et oa (F. Sander &
Albans.)
Astilbe Lemoinei. Sa H. 1895, 567,
f. 185.) me u^ arden
deem betwee and
r is
Spiræa) liida p Ibunda.
ae, Nancy.)
*Atraphaxis Muschket SW, Krassn.
(B. M. t. pitt i an gate TE is
dwarf spreading bro
br — and shorty sad = nes
leav about one-third of
rede biosi white, with red anthers and
ovary. Central Asia. (St. Petersburgh
B. G.; Kew.)
Batemannia peru viana, Rolfe. (K. B.
1895; 198.) Orchidex S. Pseudo-
bulbs four-angled, 2 in. long; leaves
ceola in. long; raceme few
flowered, flowers 2 in. across, brown
tipped with green, the lip white with
purple dots. Peru. (F. Sander & Co.)
Begonia faureana metallica, Rodigas.
ag H. M. 298,t.43.) Begoniacee.
with more deeply
type.
Brus-
pes one than the
eee a Tee PYA
ls.)
( Veitch
garden hybrid
between B. heracleifolia and B. hydro-
cotylifolia. (J. Veitch & Sons.)
*Begonia margaritacea. (Veitch Cat.
1895, 3.) A garden hybrid, ——
not stated. Apparently related to B.
incarnata. (J. Veitch & Sons.)
s TUUS c exin Bece. ree
6.) Palmer. Trunk
0 f
MM ig uae he
9 in.
Leaves 8 ft. long leaflets ; ft.
bright green. (F. San &
Mead a ' height it?
diam.
linear,
Co.)
pe v ET. Maxim. (Spaeth
59.) Be rberidex.
b
XEME
rd Rixdorf-Berlin.)
Betula pumila x lenta (G. and
1895, 243 f. 36.) Cupulifere.
Hybrids between the two
ed have originated in the
Arboretum figures of one are given
in work just quo
Bletia dires —— Xin R. 1895,
6.) Orchidem. G. t 1 ft. =
leaves we
|
| Bollea schroederina, Sander. (G. C
895, xvii., 401, 70.) Orchidee. Flowers
cat wax-lik p hite the
exception o peculiarly formed lip,
which is of a rose-pin lo Andes
of Colombia. (E. Sander & Co.) [A
Zygopetalum.]
ler nh ee glabra sanderiana.
(Sand. Cat. 1895.) Nyctagi S.
A very floriterous variety, (E Sandö &
Co.)
masta, BOr) cordata. (B. T. O.
1895, wesi p SETA.
suec rennial climber nearly
lied t to s inl nee Peru. (Dam-
n & Co., s.)
Bulbophyllum ca i bw
Ss 0: 18955 2165 LL. t:
Òrchideæ. S. A ha ndsome species
nearly related to B. reticulatum. Bot.
ag. rneo. (L'Hortieul-
ture junction Brussels.)
Se ee nO
H. 1895; "^y N Psendo-bulbs
Seal small, ownd one leaved ; leaves
in. long ; scape short, one flowered ;
flowers fleshy cupped, 1 in. oss,
greenish yellow, spotted with red
brown; lip covered we purp n
(L'Hor
dein Brussels.) [Now removed to
the genus 7’rias,]
Bulbophyllum grandiflorum, B
(O. R me 104.) S. The praon of
the gen Rhizome pn e Maier
bulbs one-leave d; scapes ong,
one-flower dorsal pat” 3 si by
g éetiditi-A ih with white
blotehes; lateral se als 4 in. long, un-
sm
Guinea. (Sir Trevor awtik
adium lillipu ini
, 186.) Aroides. A Appa
y of C. argyrites. Veni ela.
oo Hos russels.)
363 of the work above quoted this
plaut i is débertbol ieu ured under the
name of C. lilliputiense, Rodigas.]
Calamus dis. (Ill. H. 1895, 223.)
See pei ose ctt ir grandis.
Calanthe laucheana. (Sand. Cat
895, 8.) Orchideæ. A garden hybrid
Pos C. sanderiana and C. veratri-
Co.)
Jolia. (F. Sander &
Calanthe masuco-tricarinata. (G
1895, xvii, 210.) A garden Sarid
between the two species indicated in
the name. (J. Veitch & Sons.)
*Calathea cyclophora, Baker. (K. B.
Mh hr s ret et S. Allied
o C. zebrina, p the leaves are green
and the flowers white. British Guiana.
w.)
(Kew
"Calceolaria alba, Ruiz & Pavo
. 1895, xxxviii., 486.) Se crop
H. H. Shrub, with linea
dense panicles of
Chili. (Kew.)
errem luteus concolor, Baker.
1895, xlviii., 440,t. 1043.) Lilia-
vr in
toothed leaves and
pure white flowers.
marked with m: Ses at the base
the segments. (Wallace & Son.)
Ecce iin ant (Gard. 1895,
H. A handsome species
e pres flowers, pale lilac in colour
when o pane but shading to almos
white, vit dark velvet brown blotches
at the base. California ? (Wallace &
Son.)
Calochortus veidatos piota. (Gard.
1895, xlvii., 465.) DU with
smaller flower than i Sipe Flowers
aa te with n my = at the base, and
wo each segment
iie jepi & Son.)
C8. Foo, ns mirabilis, Alboff. (G.
895, xviii, 616.) Campanulacee.
"AC kable. species, allied to C.
M 'edium. a ae (Correvon, Genera)
Catasetum apertum, Rolfe. SS B.1895,
84.) e. S. Alliedto C. mac-
ro plot P ad ulbs Molti, 5 in.
Ms Javët ag wq te, 6 in. i
se ge rect, 6 in. long ; sa ower karinis
ing of cup, and
Neon 'apple-green spóél w with Grown.
Habitat not recorded. (Sir Charles
Strickland
Catasetum collare, Cogn.
154.) S. Se right
(J. O. 1895,
white T rar bags €:
the edges
Venezuela. CL'Hórüctiüfare Intaia-
tionale, Brussels.
Catano tum ferox, "—
1895, xviii. A p xt
resembling
a ih of alqitu creek flowers
n colour outside and pea-green
Ho ha "CE. Sander & Co.)
Catasetum fimbriatum Cogniau
L. Lind. ye iyt. MD Sepals ctr
we rose-purple ;
(GC
and deepl ed. lo rtion al
ish yellow spotted with red-
rtion whitish. j
, upper po Habi
ae ecorded. (L'Hortieulture Irter-
rationale Brussels.
et
n
41
, Cattleya armainvillierensis.
|
t
t
Catasetum Nig yp ag ry Cogn.
(J..O. 1895, 215; L. xi, 14.) 8S. A
species nati allied to C. pang tres thum,
but differing in t 1 form and
colour the flowers ; th sepals are a
little more fleshy, lip forms a pouc
DA wider- and less deep, &c.
' Interna-
Am hos rticulture
ende: didi ls.)
Catasetum hee ail gaa s x ET ER
(G.. C. 1895, XVIlS 4;
1895, 18; ih iin ^ IB to C.
Bungerothii. S. Sepals white, $ in.
wide; petals 2 in. long and 1$ in. wide,
white, spotted with crimson-purple.
The lip over 2 in. across, rich crimson-
purple. ser seg ht recorded var
of C. splendens x.]
Catasetum macroearpom carnosis-
simu non ogn “ May
* possibly bea monstrosity intermediate
~ etwa oat male and the female of
* this specie (1’Horticulture Inter-
nationale, m s.)
Catasetum tum ons
eee O. 1895, 12.)
variety, the characters of
which as indicated by the
Catasto mirabile, Cogn. (J. O.
190 t. 456.) E o
1 hybri ia rendi ing C. Luc
CE Hortieutburelrertadiotu e mecs »
— — Cogn. (L.
6, 457.) In the vid
Alicie. (UH resides Poste wp estan
-)
Brussels
Catasetum one ae orthington-
14.) In form
iplendens var. album, but
(H.
ianum
resemblin ng C.
in colour etle es C. imperiale.
Worthington.)
Cstasbrum PERSER, T Cogn.
587. nonym of C. inckrviem.
PR
omms uncatum, Rolfe. (K. B.
1695, 283.) S. Allied to C. albovirens.
Pseudo-bulbs iform 3-8 in. "e
leaves lanceolate 12 in. long; scape
ereet, bearing numerous green flowers.
Brazil. (F. Sander & Co.)
Cattleya Aliciæ, L. Lind. (Z. xi, t.
and petals
494. vmm æ. G. Salsa
white, lip de ibly a natural
hybrid. (L'Hortieulture- falenetionale,
Brussels.)
(R.H.
189 s ets A garden hybrid
betw C. Mendelii and C.
Gigas
( Baron E. de Rothschild, Armainvilliers,
France.)
4
Careers bowtingiann Ashworth.
(6)
shen erect light rose-purple. (E
orth.)
Cattleya «C Ty see L. i ik -—
possi d b bri bet "c.
nd C. labiata, with longs abat
bearing Pete y flowers, whi mn
carm white or variously eo
Ha bitak ud recorded. (L^
Internationale, Brussels.)
Cattleya Fowleri (G. C.1895, xviii.,
178, ie ,1.47.) G. A garden ee
betwee . hardyana and C. Leopoldi.
cB. Ay a & Co.)
ere goskelliana delicata. (O.R.
70.) wers een faintly
with Ms y» deep
(A. A. Peeters, Sia
red.
d penis
pope
Cattleya Gigas am Wu Lind.
ae agi 9 G x arge flowered
highly-coloured varie
d,
MH
ture Internationale, Brussels.)
Cattleya hardyana anden. E E
Lx xviii, 36 ; dede 4 ay
with d eg genis,
Witches ol of golden yellow i in i the thro
and ric ipe coloured, slight th
(d an y
y
frille (L "Horticulture
Titerintionads; Brussels.)
Cattleya lawrenceana atrorubens.
(G. C. 1895, xvii., 662.) S, A ve
brilliantly coloured form. (M. Jules
Hye-Leysen, Ghent.)
Cattleya Bee rris aint
(G. C m xvii, 468.
variety of a i i:
with flow ers
eolour. eh Sehróder.)
Cattleya wo dme xU uc s (G.
C.. 1895, xvii., A Mg ie
with lavender - ee a sepals and
and dull perge or slate-blue lip.
petals an
(Baron Schroder.)
Cattleya maxima TIN (G. C.
1895, xvii., 82.) S. A light-coloured
variety. (L Horticulture Interna
tionale, Brussels.)
Cattl endelii Bi Ü.
1806) tvi 6 ., 662.) Hee with
segments a oo itd sete
rers on thelip. (H. Low & Co.
Cattleya Mendelii Sanders. (G.
1895, xvii., yog ) G. t —
form. CF. Sander & Co.)
larger number are described. Ad Horti-
eulture internationale, Brussels.)
Cattleya Mossi amona, (hes:
0.) s a pale ‘delic ai:
S DAS Mini. (1H orti iiie In-
ls.)
ternat nolis Brusse
— aA a magnifica.
(G. C. abs 18925) Ge: Wo very
bright D large-owere form of the
type. (F. Hardy.)
Castleya | jaye grey y Midi m
(G , xviii., 154.
ha vos d
t of
the lip of the clear brig ihe: rich —
ra e observed in C. War
(W. Cobb.)
Cattleya Trians arkleana. (O. R.
1895, 103.) G.. e variety with large
flowers, the lip 2 in. across and coloured
purple-erimson. p W. Arkle.)
Cattleya | sees Ashtoni. (G. C.
mee xvii., G. A variety with
a open lip. (W. L. Lewis
9)
NU Triana shake bert yana,
1895, xvii., 168.) arge
flowered variety. (C. a Rochi,
New Jersey, U.S.A.)
Cattleya Trianæ courtauldiana.
S É eM Xvi "295. G. A
bright violet-crimson
lip. "s. ‘Conrtanld.)
— Trian® eo (G.
1895, xvii., 'This ec
differs s in colour poi uw type. (C.
Roebling, New Jersey, U.S.A.)
Cattleya Trianz virginalis. (G. C.
1895, xvii., 295. Flowers white,
with pale pink hen to hp, £»
Courtauld.)
— | he iios variegata.
R. 8) G. Miei seg-
i with streaks and
biota. of rosy- papie on a pete
ground. (E. Marshall.)
Centaurea Praag creer (G. m 1895,
xxxviii., 62. Compositæ A
variety of C. odiati. ya vast habit
and white sweet-s
recen men
. t. 7400.) Rubiacee. G.
ia shrub, with Fuchsia-like leaves
là in. long and small pink green
i terminal, peduncled
flowers in glo
heads. South Africa. (Kew.)
| debilis, N. E. Br. G. c.
PIER e 5 “ation” 6
natalensis, Oliver.
43
plish flowe
Nyass
A new species, with succulent leaves |
pur
amd long, pale
ag eura re
G. O’Brien.)
*Chrysanthemum nipponicum
Hranei (W. G. 1895, "en f. 1.)
Composi HH... dwarf compact
shrubby < wire coat Japan. (Dam
& Co., Naples.)
*Cineraria ‘albicans, N. E. ae
1895, xvii., ae: Compos HL B.
Mg. "eot ne
te cotton ny "tom Leav
eniform or ae Mitac i in
outline, dotato at the base, 5 to 7 lobed,
the lobes usually pai nri and many-
toothed or — few headed ;
flower- heads to 3 "lin in diameter,
and pS : clear yellow. "Natal. CW. E.
Gumbleton.)
"Gg compactum, xis
5, 224) Dashite ib...
c and
aland.
(G. C.
beari
yelldw flowers. nase serim. (Ke
CUR IP Toa, 2a rw mitm, Rate
do- 8
la = * one-leaved, leaves
eos p in E AA scape 6 in. long.
cA MES small, reddish-purple. Burma.
(T. R is.)
Sii mysorense,
(K. B. 1895, 34.) S. Allied t
m. Pseu
Rolfe.
8 4 ong ; i flow in. long,
white, Aug 2 purple lip. VAS, (J.
O'Bri nes
um nodosum, Rolfe.
vw Allied to C. Macraei.
out and woody; pseudo-
bulbs distant, ovate monophylions, 2 _
6 in. lon
long ; we i in long, "edic
speckled with brown. Ni
(J. O'Brien.)
ls tga d ders hildian
C. 1895, xviii., 608, A
ose "$S. ka new species allied to C.
Colletti with Ea erimson-purple
flowers, blotched with yellow on the
Darj
sepals. eeling. (Hon. W. Roths-
child.)
Cirrho "n setiferum, Rolfe. e
35.) S. Allied to C. pi
i ida Pseudo-bulbs ov
ves
ee di Rolfe.
(K. popeta Ini, 73) Allied to. C.
re và eter and the pw
bulbs m rowded ; flowers mr
yellow. "Motacdia. f a. O'Brien.)
Cochlioda noé gown
izliana
(G.C. 1895. xvii., 763.) Orchidee. d.
À form with yellower flowers than the
type. (Laeken.)
*Celogyne
carinata, Rolfe
1895, 191. Orehider. S
Guinea. (F. Sander & Co.)
Celogyne lamellata, Rolfe. (K. B.
EE joo 5. w species allied to
Donald ; outei erect
n in. long ; lip three- Md: -
New Hebrides. (F. Sand & Co)
bem cholitzii, Sander. (G.
Poo. T) A provisional name
rag an tion from “ the East.’”
w introduc
In habit it resembles Cid
is described as ha
bearing large, pure white flowers. (F.
Sander & Co.)
Cologyne Veitohii, alte. (K. B.
1895, 282.) S. w species with
fusiform pseudo- nibii in. long, lanceo-
late leaves 6 in. long and T
racemes 2 ft. long haii ng n
pure white flowers 1 in. = oe
Guinea. (J. Veitch & Sons.)
*Convolvulus macrostegius, Greene.
(G. C. 1895, xviii 405.) Convolvu-
laceæ. H. H. A climbing mee aring
large yellow flowers. el,
California. (W. E. ratte aa )
OON a Sch.Bip. eet
895, xlvii mposite.
A
uk y —— mars wif finely
cut leaves and secnm w flowers, a
an inch in dinar
(Dammann & Co., Naples.)
*Coreo grandiflora. Nutt. —
1895, ge d 7, t. 995.) H. A han
predarea
€ og? United State
sis japonica. (W. G. 1895, 438,
f. 41.) H. A compact-growing species
with mussten rg leaves and heads
of canary - ow flowers. pan.
(Damma MEA M Oo. Naples.)
vy Lie rep maculata vitrina, Rolfe.
R. 1895, 240.) Orchidee. S.
nds ight greenish-yellow. — (F.
Sander & Co.)
Ad
ND ^» Kircape. (G. and F. 1895, |
88.) Amaryilidee. G. A garden
hyba id between C. Kirkii and C.
— — longifolium. ('T. L. Mead,
Florida.)
um Moorei variegatum. (Bull
Catt 895, 6.) Leaves striped with
L)
18
yellow. (W. Bul
K minutus, —
Orchidee. G.
species m than 1 in. high ; ;
meus orbicular ; flowers purple. Habitat
not recorded. (J. O’Brien.
tophoranthus oblongifolius
Rn: er CK. B. 1895, 5. G. Stem
2 in. long. Leaves E in. ; see
short ; flowers small, bae and yellow.
South America. (Glasn n.)
*Cycas Wendlandii, ee of Sand.
Cat "e dem Cycad Bm A
dsome a ae t "Mad sear,
bibit fo esem the Dioons in
habit, but differing in in tiie leaflets, which
are not serrated.” (Sand. Cat. 1895,
32.)
*Cynanchum formosum, N. E.
vue LN 1895, 112.) Asclepiadew. S
ber with ovate leav
LI indt large élu Spied ét iist
eenish flowers. Peru. (Kew.)
cdm ferox. (B. T. O. 1895, 253.)
Cyperacee. G, A tall-growing species
large inflorescences. 58.
(Dammann & Co., Na aples.)
with very
Brazil.
erus TUNERS TT (B. I:-0.
5, 253. sely tufted
pose Ms. light green leaves Altho igh
a pere it flov the r
y
when mised from seeds ASA, is agere to
ceful abadi api
Desin ann & Co.,
ium Ashtoni. " i 1895,
Cypripedt gee ray S. A garden
hybrid b n C. ciliolare ch dong
and C. inpri majus. (W. L.I
& Co.)
Cypri bellatulum album.
(G. mU 1895, oe 748; O. R. 1895,
207.) S. ety with pure white
flowers and pan [ih (Sir Frederick
Wigan.)
Cypri ripedium bo olerlaórianum. ( re.
95, "Ug ei it A garden yiri
and C. harrisianum.
M. Flor Tams d e: >
ted 801 cwm em n e na in
parentage as C. Millma
and o philippinense.
GAE Bon
ee eam calloso- -piven (O. R.
den hybrid be-
en de s d -fndioated in the
me.
Cypripedium carnusianum. (G. C.
02.) S. A garden gd oo
C. spicerianum and C. hay
naldianum. (J. Veitch & Sons.)
wif pend Be open worthi uni-
color. (G 1895, le 248.) S.
of brown as in the type
Co.)
— E en ky (O
1895, S. woo be-
ween Cc. ae a C. callosum.
(R. H. Measures.)
Cypripedium Corndeanii. (G
1895, xvii, 627; O. R. 1895, 215.) ‘a
cem hybrid apa a to be between
C. lawrenceanum and C. Sedem. (T.
W. inia 2
ed wwe Curtisii pallidum
R. 1895, 288.) A pale-coloured
Soui (E. Pynaert, Ghent.)
Cypripedium daviesianum. (G. C.
Ros ees 82.) A garden hybrid
between C. Boralli atratum and C.
Argus. (T. Statter.)
Cyp MS A donatianum. (B. T. O.
1895, 79.) A garden gps the parents
of which are not given
Cypri ipe edium fordianum. (G. C.
1895, de 210.) S. A garden | plating
between C. Stonei and C. callosu
(Œ. Sandi & Co.)
Cypripedium fowlerianum. (G. C.
cao xvii., iiit ra A garden ae
ween C. harrisianum superbus
©. piede CF. Sander & Co. )
Cypripedium Gowe i magnificum.
bes Pe 1895, xvii., ™529.) garden
bybrid between E bee sree and
C. Curtisii. "Ce. H
Cypripedium = es d
meets 15) 8.
n C. Argus
G. oebl, New p U.S.A
Cypri edium insigne citrinum. (G.
Boo, xvii, 39.) S. beet weg
l aget hip segment (Truffau
Versailles.)
Cypripedium kimballianum. (G. C.
1895, xvii., ae 125; of om 154, i
292.) S. posed to be a ga
hybrid between o. r eA eT Toei pee
& dayanum (F. Sander & Co.)
4
Cypripedium lebaudyanum. (h. H,
garden e
ween °C. le beret and
idea (R. Lebandy, Boagivel,
France.)
virginale.
The dorsal
white.
ripelium leeanum
NG. G. C. 1895, xvii., 82.) S.
sepal is almost ‘entirely pure
(F. Sander & Co.)
Cypri ripedium Jeopoltianum. (G. C.
ras xvii., arden hybrid
betwe C. dicus superbum and
C. Pipes Wallacei. (J. Hye, Ghent.)
Cypripedium littleanum. (G. C.
1895, xviii., 36; O. R. 1895, 208.) e
supposed Mie hybrid wee
lawrenceanum and C. ae
Little.)
*
Cypripedium Tota sperem (G
BaP "Mer garden iid
betwee C Hoo d C. harrisia-
num. th. Farbaki "Ghént J.
I) dium Louise. (O. R. 1895,
2^8 = garden hybrid, tobably
c. Fanum and C. Ash-
Fable (R. le Doux.)
Cypripedium Masonii. (G. C.1
T E 800 S. X garden hybrid
vd in Stonei and C. spicerianum.
. Low & Co.)
(H
Cypripedium Milimani. (G.C.1
xvii., 800.) d ibrid
etween awr Sri ads
; philippinense. (A. J. sikipi
edium avonium OO. C.
Cypripe xvii., 210) S S. A garden hybrid
between C. Boxalli and C. venustum.
(W. L. Lewis & Co.)
rl ndul (Uu C.
On inii 3 a. A varie a
eet tis
ae (Heath &
Cypripedi ium gem. (G. C.
xviii., A pm hybrid
be felon icerianu
an
superbiens. Gira Trev Dinan. )
Cypripedium platyoolor: = C. 1895,
xviii, 655. råen hyb rid
pemon G: Pests platgenim wad E:
oncolor. (Sir T. Lawrence.)
dium refulgens. (G. C
iion dein 338.) ss A garden. hybrid
i € onus and C. hirsutis-
in bb (C. L. N. Ingram.)
CY as pedium rossianum, (O. R.
895,359. A qigeh wi between
barbatum and C.
u $5732.
k
|
|
Hs
2
|
a
-
92
ripedium signatum. (Bull Cat.
TT re den hybrid between
via spirermm and C. villosum. (W.
Cypripedium Smithii. (G. C.1
152. A
clare (C. G. Roebling, New Jersey,
ate guffusum. (G. C.
= Ms garden “hybrid
9s awrenceanum C.
(W. L. Lewis & Co.) *
"e.
eure ?
Cypri pcm uihleinian (Sa
at d 10.) —A ga eda hybr
fun C. ‘Curtisié and C. spicerianum.
Cf Sander & Co.)
Spee podium Vannere. (G, C. 1895,
402; O. R. 1895, 144.) S. A
garden hybrid between C. he
JU B.
majus Curtisii. (De
outulas. x
Cypripedium vigerianum. (Œ
1895, 359; IG. C. 1895, xvi 100.) X
A garden ‘hybrid between C, barbatum
and C. — iliare. (Mantin, Franze.)
allaortianum. (G
hybri rid
C. illos. osum. (J. W. Swinburne.)
Cypripedium warnhamiense. (G. C
1895, xviii., BE) -B. "X carted
hybrid between °C. philip pinense and C.
Curtisii. <J. Veitch & Sons.)
Cypripedium whitelyanum. (G. C.
pripedim 307.) S. A garden hybrid
ween 3 Box = he cla and C.
lawrenceanum. (H. Shaw.)
bí porca T E
allied to C.
Wolterianum, Krünzlin.
xe. +» 166. ) A new species
owii, which it resembles
gene ral pens rance, but differs
principally i m its smaller inferior sepal,
the of the basal part of the
petias; in vs intitely different vertere;
and in its smoothness. Habitat u
recorded. (M. T. Wolter, PU
ripediu um oungianu m.
y, in 360.) A garden ibrid. a
Lebaudy, Bougival, France.)
Yvonne. (ll, H,
1895, t. 26.) <A variety of C. —
not die that known as giganteun
podium fiavescens Cogn. (L. x.,
i e: Orchidee. S. Allied to C.
wers. Venezue
e Internationale, Brus-
la.)
»
A 9
Se Page apr A virescens, Rchb.
(B S.
ae fu À 4 in. long; leave
ong, 1 in. d plicate ; scape
ee the efie “half clothed Mas e xe
in. in diameter and coloured pale |
yellow blo sched with ag Br. il.
(Kew.)
*Davallia tenuifolia cigs
1895, xviii, 102.) Filices.
dent variety, sone for iil
Guinea. (J. Veitch & Sons.)
Davallia praftantiana. (ill. H. 1895,
* A handsome fern wit
Par EB Sg fronds.” Peru. (L’Horti-
culture ee AY Brussels.)
m Astrea. (0. R. 1895,
H4 3J Orchidez. S. garden hybrid
amen, viu MEN and D. crassinode,
(QN. C. C n.)
Dem c.
en-
p
TRR rvifio
B. 1895, Sel a
uffused with the ‘tip airan
with yellow. Himalaya. (J. O'Brie
Dendrobium Donnesim. (G. C
xvii., en As supposed. natural hybrid
infun ndi-
pink,
Pantone
1
46
IB:
|
)
Denirsbium nobile
(E. x. A variety with white
sepals Mod. VUES ; lip purple, margined
with white. ia orticulture Inter-
nationale, Brussel
Dendrobium owenianum. (G.C. 1895,
A n hybrid Tatin
a D. wardianum.
aiaa oo nopsis holo-
leuca. C. 1895, xviii, 192, 396,
12.) e: "variety i white
flowers. (J. T. Holm
*Dendrobium robustum,
B. 1895, 33.) S. Allied
boliamimn; but with
maller Prints:
long ; wers yellowish-
Pim lines, New Guinea.
0.)
olfe. = e
E D. ni
less acute segmen
Pseudo- bulbs 2 ft.
-green with
CF. Sander
Render sanguineum, Rolfe.
1895, xvii, 292.) A new
species S belonging = ap Wu —
ender ft.
Merci amd timet cn nsus
& €o.)
between D. formosum and D. in |
bulun. (J. Bradshaw.) | Bos T ipeo duni
| Allied to D.
Dendrobium Edithe. (G. C. 1895, | rmosum. Pseudo-bulbs 5 high ;
xvii,337.) A garden hybrid between | Towers as in D. formosum, but with a
. aureum . nobile nobilius. (J. | eep orange-red bipes c on the lip.
Veitch & Son | vec a
E cies euosmum ale. Dendrobium velutinum, Rolfe. (K.
1895, xvii, 337.) garden B. 1895, 84.) S. Pseudo- bas : in.
e ur "between
sodile intermedium. (J. Veitch & Sons.)
— konma. (O. R. 1895,
garden hybrid betwee:
D) dieci pes D. superbum Huttoni.
(C. Winn.)
BendroBium glomeri iflorum,Erknslin.
(G. C. 1895, xvin.,
speeies wi mall ^g po a da
pale rosy — in dense clusters of
one to five on each stem. Habitat not
recorded. (F. Sander & Co.)
Dendrobium illustre. (O. R. 1895,
243 ; J. of H. 1895, xxx., 561, f. 99.) A
garden hybrid between chrysotoxum
and D, dalhousieanum, q. Veiteh &
um inflatum, Rolfe. (K. B.
r, white with a pte tds blotch
. Java. Vegas
lle, Brussels.
ai in. long ; need like
those of D. cariniferum, deep Hirst
lip Téldünpdk./ “orii ma. (Char iw
& Co.)
ndrobium versicolor, Cogn. (J. O.
1895, 153.) to D. me vaste
sepals at first greenish-yellow,
wards changing to a good yellow tinged
passes gie
very pale y Assam,
culture inem pis frasi)
an
parus mee gi perl 3 possono
Pm. pagittalis, Ew (B. M., t. 7403.)
tuberous rooted species
with Y opea green leaves
and an erect scape 8 in. high, bearing a
— of about a dozen e and blue
flowe à em South Africa.
(H.J.. Elwes i
4T
*Echinocactus aureus. (G. C. 1895,
xvii, 800.) Cacteer. G. A garden
name foran unflowered cactus with nort
cm and bright yellow spines j 2
(Sander & Co.) [This
frotit E. Grusoni.]
"Episcia densa, Wright. "es a 189
Gesneriacem. S. d to E!
m short ; 4 eaves oblong
axillary, corolla
l, . long, Jv tinged
with purple. British Guiana. (Kew 9)
ous congoensis,, ie o
Orchidex Meee
arts. allied to, it. pot specifically
identical with, E. guineensi
Congo. (L’ Horticulture eauiccsale,
Brussels.)
*Eulophia deflexa, Rolfe. (K
1895, 192.) S. Allied to vu farbata
Leaves "egt -about ong ;
scape 2 ft. long b Mun xd inni of
purple and lilac flowers 2 in. across, the
lip fringed with white. Natal. (Kew.)
Euphorbia Fourniori, pi E done
190.) Euphorbiae
(Sallier-J. oanni, Paris.
edia Cornucopis €
ian ciui (B O.. 1895, I9.)
Valerian H. E form differing
from the type in aot white flowers.
(Dammann & Co., es.)
Felicia abyssinica =a Bip
es 439, f. 43.) Composite nd.
warf tufted species with lilac flower-
rae like those of Aster alpinus.
Tropical Africa. (Dammann & Co.,
Naples.)
fe son wir kotschyana _ alnis.
. 1895, xlvii., 298.) Liliacee. H.
in nside. M
Baden.) [
Flowers eu borne on prostrate stems
3-5 in, long. Himalaya. (Kew
Gentiana saxosa —— Pope 895,
xlviii., 141.) H. H Ah ansome
little species in the P of G.
Flowers white, borne i x umbels ot 4- 5.
New Zealand. (Correvon, Geneva.)
Geonoma tenuifolia, (ZU. 1895,
186.) Palmeæ. palm with
glaucous, and eri Dor eee i tinted
with rose. (L'Horti-
culture Internationale Brijads. )
beet eo Sree picturatum. oe
Cat. 1895, Acanthacez.
orm of the SN E known G.
larger nei than the type.
e — rubricaulis.
and. Cat. 1895, 33.) Tem e
3 Differs iron the type (se fae of
1893, App. II. p. 41) in teres i more
richly Steet leaves
bases of the leaf-stalks coloured ver-
milion-red. (ŒF. S & Co.)
pictum, in
(W. Bull.)
RE sirti iaca xx
1895, xviii, 62, f.
Gard. 1895, xlviii. 400, t. 1041. Lil
A variety wit ^ large bright
oran ange-red flowers, which are prod
autumn ; leaves 13 in. wide, and strongly
ribbed. Japan. " (Wallace & Son.)
*Heptapleurum venulosui erythro-
stahy; Hook. ye vg t ess
Aralia S. with
spre ett branches and agate ges
stalked ie eaves ; ae! red, min
numero anched pen!
indole (Kew.)
ur) ud crassimervius flammea.
(B. T. O. 2.) pq erem
A variety vith h bright red flowe
ann & Co., Naples. )
Hibiscus micranthus Focus Ui ier
3.)
“Wespieal Asia.
ger. 1895; 90, f:
Mein with aiio ome recur
flowers. Abyssinia. (Dammann & Co.,
Nis 2
Hippeastrum FY ag Mle s mpna
CH. H. 1895, 577, 1
ML 394). Amaryllideze s
variety differing dies the ty ype i
broader siguente and larger size of oie
flowers, &c. (Tr i ig Versailles.)
Hippeastrum Poteri, edens deo
1895, 201, f. 49, oj 8.)
Il-kn ges Ha questr
(Wolter, Maguibetg-
edm of the we
sta Rica.
Wibdinsted t.)
Huernia macrocarpa, Schweinf. (Gf.
1895, 353, t. 1416.) Asclepiadeæ
ted
Pre (Berlin B. G.)
madii de th inteeens. (B.
395
This Mee frost ie oe in vits the
leave s mus or gold tinted, m
mann & Co.
sha
with r
Iris (G 1895, ae :
353, 440, 3 5937 2 16ídoc. H. Clos
allied to
yellow and
brown veins, Asia Minor. (Wallace
& Co.)
45
(Gard. xlvii., 351.) H.
Stan-
Iris Cosniz.
A dwarf In with large flowers.
dards elea with dark purple
markings, the falls of the same shade
peneilled with purple. (T. S. Ware.)
etsi ie E i Ana! H. 1895,
i2 a es
Iris thi allie ; flow
beautiful ue wines blotched with
e. Yunnan. (Micheli, S e
Iris Parkor. (G. C. xvii. 612.) A
cpi e duira between Z. ‘paradoza and
I. Korolkowi. (Prof. M. Foster.)
Ese nmi retzioides, Benth. = z
t. 7409.) Scrophulari neæ
branching pe ii gi t. high ; Sine
n. broad, jubes:
nearly a
bou "iub s lobed, spreading. South
w.)
Africa.
Kalmia c cuneata, Mi pum
1895, 434, f. 60.) A
deciduous dian with ruoer "tagalog
stems 2-3 ft. high; por’ oe 3
diameter, creamy white a rad
lig red band at the base ae the limb.
orth Curiis. (Biltmore Arboretum,
Ae Carolina.)
or re F.
*Kickxia afric ioana, Benth. (K. B
1895, 241 ; Hook. v. Plo, t. 1276.)
pocynacez. a e tree, 60
high ; leaves oblong-lanceolate 4-9 in
long ; flo on short axil-
e luding
valu: n Pe "Yu nhe ? tree
Africa. (Kew
*Kniphofia Woodii.
xlvii., 292.) Liliacee. H. A new
species which resembles K. modesta. in
eneral characters, but is stonter, and
Scape
A
West Tr op.
(Gard. 1895,
i ft. high. Flower-heads 9 in. long,
eream- -yellow. Natal. (Kew.)
Lelia anceps crawshayana. (J. of H.
1895, PT. Lm Dura d.
A giant form with broad petals and rich
colours. (De B, Crawshay.)
Lelia anceps lineata, (G. C. 1895,
xviii., 734. 2 Av Differs from the type
n having se white and crimson with
eiiis ie gi Rothschild.)
et flammea. (G. C. 1895, xe ú
G. A garden hybrid betw
L. dtelarin and L. Pilcheri. G :
Chamberlain.)
Lala flava ioci e C. 1895,
xvii. 468.) G. Sade ke d
of a glowi ig pure orange colo Jon
Lelia harpophylla f Claudii. (G. C.
$ G. A variety with
ro e Akie. sof i a mete orange-scarlet
colour. (W.L. L Co.)
Dois purpurata enfeldensis
7. 1895, xvii., 662. T large
ric hly coloured hit (H
0.)
— B da donna albanensis. (G.
A variety
with Me i wiit segments and a deep
purple lip. (Sander &
Lælio-Cattleya Amesiæ. Aes C. 1895,
xviii, 455.) Orchidex A garden
rid between Lelia erid
Cattleya maxima. (T. Statter.)
ri Cattleya Südresna, (
95, xvii, 293.)
ek even n hybrid Tet ween Cattleya
bicolor and Lelia ele egans. (M
Farnier, "Mabsetiles
Lzlio- aprecia brymeriana, (G. C
1895, xvii, 3: G. gar rden
hybrid between js C. Montes and C.
Warcewsiczii. (W. E. Brym
Datin -Cattleya cankamiana. (R
R. H.
9.) Ga mie en hybrid between
Cattleya eng ja purpu-
rata. n E. de Rothsehild, Armain-
vias, P Pie e.)
M omm darwiniana. (O. R
5, nde garden sim
idm L.- alagi and Catt
maxima. (e. Tn ngram.)
— herpes clstenneness: (O. R.
3.) iA garden M
dei n urs Dueb tu and Cattley
bicolor. (C. Ingram.)
Lzlio-Cattleya FOE (G. C.
1895, xvil., 2n = A garden
hybrid betw: Lelia elegans ge a
and Ca tipa: Mori. (J. Veitch &
Sons.)
— mr dm polars rosea.
95, xvii, va G. A
vidis yea hybrid between Lelia
tenebrosa and Cattleya labiata. (Œ.
Sander & Co.)
Lælio- pE a ah ee (G. C.
1895, xviii, 248.) G. A garden hybrid
between poem Giges and Lelia pur-
purata. (F.H
Lzlio - Cattleya mbait (G. C.
ino», xvii, 748.) G. A garden ee
een Lelia sgh gs and Cattley
Mosa.
Lelio-Cattl A
1895, EDP a og ze
roe ^R. de Rothschild
Supenata,. ( E.
—_— France.) —
49
pec er S al Salieri:
511.) A a
be Mie Le lis Pet hig var. Wil-
I and Recte n Loddigesii. (Ch.
Maron, Marseilles.)
Lælio-Cattleya sayana, L. Lind. e
A dark variety of L.-
pend
Leto Catioya schulziana. (L. x
garden hybrid Veteiin
š Hugh Cate a elegans Cattleya
n. L^ Hoftibultumé Pdiraitióds,
>)
Lælio Cattleya: 1 trentonense. (O. R.
garden hybrid between
Ce ditipar aie and Laelia pumila.
Gray.)
ore a rrei
L. 46
SEA Lolia
oe enevskyana.
j arde ig bre
pt ihe and Cattleya
Warneri. (L'Horticu iah Internation-
ale, PeT LE gute L.-C.
albanensis, see O. R. 1 64.]
uxia Pringlei, b. (G. and
1895, 278, Sh ) Se rophularinee.
bra. as dba t shrub,
Lamour
F VS
3-5 ft. high, RA endi sessile
leaves, and tubular “tk labinte a
14 in. long, crimson. Mex
Lathyrus pubescens, Hook A Arnott.
(G.C. ns 112.) Le zuminos H. H.
È
r with unequ ay ‘pinnate
leaves, which are downy like the stem.
et mse racem
: (Ed. André, Paris.)
Lepto gigantea, Kellogg. (W. G.
ye 6 7; Gfl. 1895, 592, ff.
H. A tall
height. Flower-heads resembling those
of a small sunflowe C
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt
Licuala teniang, — Cl. H
1895, 189.) Pal “A pretty
m with deeply-ent E Mada-
gascar. (F. Sander & Co S
Lilium Beerensi.
11.) Liliacez.
tween L.c
excelsum. id
(Gard. 1895, xlviii.,
^ rden hybrid
halcedonicum eid. L.
are
ia triloba, Rolfe. CK. B.
C. 1895, xviii. -> 588.)
Lueddemannia
1895, 283; sess 0
Orchidez. Tesuto bue ovoid
late 1 ft. long.
S.
Leaves
America. (Sir | nee Lawrence. )
I B.1895,
193. Rt to L.
vol
| Luisia Chido. Rolfe.
| gees ony
|
poor eee. A G. * etat: xviii.,
8. wit
re yv. Cat itle; ya e po it wit
"hong pier ee Pains stra r^ shaped
glaueous green leaves s ooping,
green n flowers. peru: r& Co.)
?
(San
Mahonia osrin ( um
H. Av
Teen
Berber Aguifolium with light pon
leaves tiui v) with coppery red. (Moser,
Versailles.)
Marica morchians m C in
C ree 40.) G.
Moye rs more "rightly
coloured tha n the type. Brazil. ne Bed or-
pense Internationale, Brussels.)
Masdevallia eclyptrata, Kränzlin.
(G. C. 1895, xviii., 577.) Ore hideæ. A
new species somewhat eva gi: M.
Seule, with rie ange - yellow
flowers. Habitat not epe y ( Berlin
B.G
Masdevallia falcata. eem C. 1895 $
A garden hybr
td M veilc wii iM M. deni.
(S. Courtauld.)
| Masdevallia forgetians, } ge eee
| 1895, xviii., 484.)
| vid ym cemere d d bright rnm
«e
leave mall flowers. Northern
Brazil. yz Sander & Co.)
Masdevallia Heathii. a Mona ds
xvii, 594.) A garden hybrid
M. pts and M. 2 ignea tase he.
(F. Sander & Co.)
Masdevallia Lawrencei, Kränzlin. (G
C. 1895, xviii., 324, 3 ag A synonym
of M. guttulat a, Rehb. f.
devallia Leda, CO (O. R. 3 tent
s aar hybrid between M. E
d M. piden (Captain Hinks Ang
Masdevallia t varensis
(O. R. 1895, » ig Differs Rupe dem type
in having the tails of the sepals coloured
orange-red. (F. Sander & Co.)
Maxillaria mooreana, Rolfe. (K. B.
1895, 96) gratew G. Allied
M. grandiflora. Flowers cream-coloured
ipes h
-purp on eac
petal and a farinaceous lip, margined
ve peels Guatemala. (F. Sander
20.
*Maxillaria parva, Rolfe. (K. B.
1895, 193.) G. Allied to M. Sign
Pseudo-bulbs small ; Adae ciun 1 in. long;
flowers yellow, born olde c
uem om Rolfe. (K.
d to M. femuifolia
nes (Kew
priu Tiu etipe tA Tb Rolfe.
Orch Allied
flowers small, yello
wn spots. Topical Africa ?
(Van Imschoot, Ghent.)
Miconia vesicaria.. (ill. H. 1895, 187.)
Melas aves ciliated,
ovate, about 3 x “Tong ground colou
deep gree petu;
with violet.
orici tebe. Brus-
ls.)
“Mjerostylis — Rolfe. (K.
G. 5, xviii, 325,
The largest
a
flowered species yet kn
are almost identical with those
Scottii, their colour light brown with a
marginal band of light yellow; scap
8 in. long ; lip à lin. wide. Malaya. (Sir
Trevor Lawrence.)
ulus Clevelandi, Brandegee. (G.
‘and F. 1895, a Re den So ee
ae ore nial,
base, with Planar -
ieda serrate leaves golden-
yellow flowers. Southern Nr aea
Rus kewensis. (G. C. 1895, xviii.,
bd origin.
E es rubra, Wall. (B.M [t ud 2
Allied to JM. coccinea. Stems 7
vs aves 6 ft. long, iic
et, bracts boat-shaped, rose-red, with
yellow tips; flowers 1j in. long, pale
yellow. Fruit 3 in. haa M o many-
seeded. (Kew.)
Narcissus cyclamineus-Horsfieldi.
(o. — xvii, 468.) Amaryllidex.
A n hybrid geht the two
species Pidicated in the na (G. H.
Engelheart.)
formosa. (ei tch oe
garde
distillatoria. "hs Vei sah Gana )
dem Nerine Alleni, (G. C..1f95 hoe
du $26) empe A garden k spn id
ween
N. corusca major
sarniensis. H. Al
and
(R. llen, GRE
Nidularium Chantrieri. ie “i
1895, 452, t.) Bromeliaceæ.
garden ges between N. fulger
N. Inno (Chantrier
France.)
Nidularium paxianum, Mez. (Gf.
1895, 297, t. 1415.) 8. Nearly allied
to N. Innocentii, but with peculiar
Mosen -green leaves; bracts red-tipped ;
flow white. Brazil. (Dr. Schenk,
Bonny
*
en
Notylia no Rolfe. (K. B. 1895,
chides.
d
ene Trevor seca ce.
Nymphaea omarana. A and F.
1895, 96.) Nymphaea S.
garden € mec N. dentata oe
N. Sturtev C G. Hubbar
Wakidi U. S. A.)
bere ater - ITHRTTESE A. Mar-
- R. 1895, 167.) Orchidec.
- p heri d$ type in "reir
su deri spots on the flow
(G. Marshall.)
€ Eu num pul
i Xv1i:81.)
w hovers, closely
(De B. Cra
seg-
A variety with yel
set with small red ee
hay.)
Odontoglossum MERE violaceum.
895, x 468. A variet
x batt tinted et and petals spotted
eiue red- velo and purplish lips. (Sir
vor Lawrence.)
opossum Aspidorbinum, Lehm
e 4958. 2 A new species
with long - pon engins o-bulbs, stiff
tenete -oblong leaves, and flowers of a
clear m Botched m more or wit
red-brown. (ŒF. C. Lehmann, Pügijau,
U. S. Colombia.)
éd.
(G.
—— crispum
radiatu CL. xi., t. 492.)
n having a central band of yellow
e sepals, petals and lip. (L Horti-
ni Titérostionale, Brew: J
erg E Halli-x
(L
e a pe hybrid
ot €—€— o. Halt d O. polyxanthum.
Equa "Horticulture
acie poat
Mo JO E (L.
sA = TL hybrid
AM and O. sc
[e Internationale, Brus-
1s.)
Odontoglossum. wilckeanum Dob-
belaeræ 1895, 16.)
Flowers clear canary-y ellow with a few
cinnamon spots, segments br
in the type. (M. P. Dobbelaere, Ghent.)
m US, Rolfe. (
363 s Orch o m , À near a ally
a aureu with w
been itid but the i ers are large
"an lip bright —
nehed. Peru. (EF. Sander & Co.)
Oncidium Gardneri flavescens. (O.-
. 1895, 270.) a 'ers yeliowish, un-
pares CW. Bull.)
Oncidium wr werden Rolfe. (K.
J..1895,.9.) Allied to O. antho-
crene, but E smaller a more
numerous flowers coloured red-brown
and yellow. Colombia. (W. S. Ellis.)
CEDERE fulgida, Pech a hol and
1895. 324, £46.) Cac G.
ii Arbona species attaining » keit
ft. and branching fi oints
spines 1 Í
pink fading to RU AH
Panicum tonsum, Steud. or we
1895, 254.) Graminee.
ul perennial taped siete a light Viren
bue ery inflor (Dam-
n & Co.,
"Pelro um Rolfe. w J^
A "à P.
pi a. row
2 in. wide, light green, prettily in, Tong:
with grey. long, flowers
small, gree apea a whitish lip. Guate-
(E. ‘Satie & Co.)
Pentstemon Gordoni, Hook. splen-
Gf. 1895, 77, f. 25.) Sero-
nnial with
{The correct nam
Hook., is cP. glaber, Pai ]
(G.
S. A
| pee hybrid Luo s^ Humblotii x
C.m (F. Sander & Co.)
Phaius Cooksonizm. (O.R. 189
G. and Ay 1895, 274.) eh
A garde ybrid n P. Humblotii
and P. estan "AN. C. Godisa.)
Phaius Roeblingii, 5 J. iso (G. C.
1895, vs ches
with preudobulh xm leaves
lage €
5, 220 ;
s:
ragrant ers 5 in. aeross.
i Hills (e. °C. obia, New Jersey.)
rape
and reddish “tadian yellow :
Khasi
51
ace
dE
|
|
ader than |
|
|
|
PS ager cr (G. C.
A new
species ; with Hs j deir r éieniblig
P. rosea, but leaves
vid tke like j
tho
isis ditur Internationale, Brus-
8.)
Palani Indde-violacea. (G. C.
5, xviii, rden
hy bud between 'P. ds emanniana and
P. violacea. (J. Veitch & Sons.)
Philodendron a^ uu ot i.
Aroideæ.
^ dE. NP, vial cordate,
rend Coe w en adult ard blood-red
wher ng; the stems are
jer ts Peru.
nationale, Brussel
a MESURE
up T. Melin a "Ori rigin
(L'Hortieulture Internationale, rines: )
PRO Hildmanni. (Gf. me
lj Wray A ga
hy brid ct waln P. Wrayi and Lye
natus. (H. Hildemann, pr erint jid
e also red.
y L’ Horticulture org
s.)
*Pilea spruceana, N. E.
388.) Saat
crowded
ai Varak
OR
-Piptopatha Ridleyi, N. " -
(B.
410.) Arcideze ne
han the
Pleurothallis autraniana, Kran.
(O. R. 1895, 264) Orchideæ. Allied
to P. longissima, racemes,
light yellow spotted and stri with
purpl > me Boissier,
Switzerland.
Pleurothallis parva, Rolfe.
(E. B.
small species with
Brasil (F. Sander &
1895, 33.) S.
yellow flowers.
Co.)
*Pleurothallis rotundifolia, Rolie.
K. B. 1895, 191.) S. A smal species
with etm leaves, 3 in. long, and
short of yellow and purple
ew.)
est Tiaa
*Polygala Gal oo Hook. f. (5. M.
t. 7439.) Polygalee. G. A slender
straggling deb "3-5 ft. high. Leaves
ovate-acuminate 3 in, long; flowers in
axillary, erect racemes 4 in. long; pe-
dicels + in. long, corolla 1 in. rosy-lilac.
Swaziland. (Kew.)
Bc ah tne Kirkii, Rolfe. (K. B
282.) Orchidee. S. Allied to
Faun ceana. Pse ndo- S narrow,
2in.long. Leaves linear oblong, 5 in.
oblong. , Seape flattened, 3 in. long,
flowers 5 in. across, white, the lip mar-
gined with purple. East Trop. Africa.
(Kew.)
Rorystachya ioe Rolfe. (K.
mall plant with
scapes yellow
Tropical X.
Pol
1 te xviii.,
fern of garden origin.
ichum constrictum, (G. C.
588.) Filices. A a ran e
(W. Marshall.)
Pommereschea Lackneri, A kero
(Gf. due x £ pë mea ce Mr
A quiek-growi oliage deni
resembling Phrynium i in habit.. Flow wers
olden yell urma. (Carl Lackner,
Steglitz.)
Prunus irre ien Ehrh.
ioris ae i edd
. 1895, 201, f 57)
di iffering from
det type A ei ore fastigiate in
habit and in having the leaves spirally
twisted. (Maquerlot & Son, anes)
Bailly.
H.
ucescens, A
HE 2 Coniferz.
LI glaucous orm of the Douglas
otsuga Douglasi. ehanas
ell MEER Mariesii (Veitch
ilic Differs
ah é K M i és iori! fronds and
narrower pinna. dia. (J. Veitch
& Sons.)
*Pteris p meo voluta. (Bull
Cat. 1875,7 em eed curled,
the apex ME K W.B ull.)
Fyreurum arthenifolium glau-
cum. (B nO 22, 1-99 Com-
positæ. H. rm ring from
the type. in ra ap eae leaves.
Dammann & Co., Naples.)
*Pyrus rategtfolia, Targ. Tozz.
(B. M. C895, Ü 7423.) Rosacez.
A bush or small tree w
yx, Franchet.
odendron ciliical
us 1895, a 25.) bg ge
sumo Yu. * (Paris B. ae
| Sarcanthus
erpe T Koiskei, Maxim.
Piin nd F. 23.) G. Allied to
R. dahuri xci i war) in habit, the
leaves ovate, in. owers in
loose-corymbs, 1 in. across, rose-purple.
Ja (Kew.)
So ox errit ond Maxim.
k
North China. (J. Vei toh & Sons.)
Rhus Michauxii, Sargent. (G. and F.
1895, 404, f. 55.) An i H.
A shr ig with erect stems two to three
height aay deperire hd
indergrous nd stolons pin
n pyram idal T toga freien
clothed Pat ith close silky
nee. Southern United States.
(Biltmore bom. North Carolina.)
— o ——
"CB. 1895, 165.)
H. ri ste es with double
or semi- -double clear de eg
flowers. (Dammann & Co. es.)
*Rosa rugosa me— Ed. André.
CR. H.1895, iue ff. 148-9.) A garden
hybrid be indica and R.
rugosa. rime Poitiers.)
Ruellia makoyana, Closon. is H. B.
1895, 109, i.) ^ Acanthac
uit i
dimi
ubescen
Sprenger
cem
de ce vinous
s large, carmine -rose.
Brazil. puris go Ee: )
species. indieated in the name. Burm
vin.)
(Glasn
— hainan
B. ae nos
gemni
Leaves lanceolate ced "Ww i
us utilis, Trabut. (R. H. 1895,
editerranean region, but useless
try. (Jardin du Hamma,
auriculatus
(K. a
CN ha
in
: at the ine of lip. The
eenish- white lined with purple.
Habitat not recorded. (J. O’Brien.)
Saxifraga atlantica, Boiss. & Reut.
( W. G. 1895, 286, f. 25.) Sax rom
. compact kept, plant
with light green roundish leaves and
slender stems heu large white
cented Atlas Mountains.
(Dammann & Co., Naples.)
Saxifraga globulifera, I uu» agre
1895, 284.) This turfy
carpet of thickish, divided bright green
leaves. uring winter and spring the
MS turns purplistceed Md forms a
good contrast h the white flowers.
Atlas Mionam. hiner & Co.,
Naples.)
Scelochilus carinatus, } Rolfe. (K. B
84.) G. Leaves
se 4 1 € ” Race en-
du tie short, bearing about seven
sepals $ in. long, light yellow
flow
petals $ 2i in. long, purple
. lon ng, white with a purple bloteh.
(Sir Tre vor Lawrenee.)
— variegatus, Cogn. (L.
T with
South America.
whitish, puplesined pois o
bulbs flat n; aves erect or
spreading, narrowly lanceolate, 4-5
long. Colombia. Ci Hortioultare i
ternutionale, Brussels.)
Scilla sibirica multiflor ra. (Gard
1895, xlviii., 162, 1029.) Liliacez.
H ith longer
(Van
ower-
Meeuwen, Haarlem
Selenipedium anum, Ed. A
(R. H. 1895, errs 548, f. 180 (and
coloured Sone S.
tall-grow g plan large orit.
the oblong Sa sah a deep glossy
e-red. Origin uncertain. (Dalle,
is.)
—— E R.
Ns S. A garden hybrid
CH AN rdinale and S. caudatum.
OL F. Finet, mum uil.)
Senoaip Hua
7422.
(0.
tata, Bertero.
cim Hio ÀJ
(B. =
ngn traw-coloured flower-
heads kiaat an putem aéross. Argentina
and Chili. (Kew.)
Bg tee ia uem aurea. (G. M.
fs xxxviii 5.) Pe horis
A vn ty with yellow tende:
house pa! Son.)
Sobralia amesiana. (O. R. —
203.) Orehidew. S. A garden hybrid
53
Thunia winn
xvii, 198; £L.
etween s. vantholeuca and S. Wilsoni.
d Sander & Co. B
m Lindeni. (G. and F. 1895,
asi in the thro a. Lue
im ey 7 velleris nsis,
1895, cage 5 Bou «d
A garden hybri S.
and S. oculata. gom —
bs elia longidens, N.
P 1895, i. L5 Mich doe.
new ^w. ae allied to S. Woodii.
Stems 6 i ong, 4-angled, the angles
with long scent krap teeth 1 in.
2 etg ers in
diam Mél, oun
with purple. Delagoa Pay.
pe n).
ae
insi
pee fiacheriana, Roem.
144; G. C.
abit of ecl in
ear of in the autumn.
d
BE
of yellow. Asia Minor. (Kew.
Eo e ad chat Dyeri. B" and F.
5.) eracee. G. <A garden
hybrid nS: Di unni and S.
Wendlandi. (Kew.)
Tels evi 2 multiflora. (G. C.
rd , 211.) A garden seedling of
S.R
with m brighter coloured
flowers sip the type. (J. Laing &
Sons.)
*Talauma oni, Hook. f. (B.
M. t. 7392.) .Magnoliacee. G. An
seii evergreen vie ee pma bem
leave 8 in. to in.
terminal, fragran
diameter; outer mea Min lm
Hidaya. (Kew.)
iana, H ort. (G. aged
t. 452.) Orehid
very deep maroon-coloured plicated
lip.
bouchina meiodon, Stapf. (K. =
1895, 104.) "ym aces. S. A,
loose shrub 6 ft. high. Leaves ovate,
1 in. long. Flow n peduncled
cymes; corolla } in. wi purple.
Brazil. (Kew.)
Trias vitrina, Rolfe p B. 1895,
282.) Orchidee. vene plant
es a creeping rhiz one-
eaved pseudo-bulbs, the. avis 3 in
long ; flowers peu on short pedicels,
pale d». n, with a spots of brown
y aae (Kew.)
= H. 1895
ga arden
een "T. IPS and
(Max Leichtlin, Baden.)
GB. 270.
breuis riae
1.) Geran
hybrid betwee
T. edule.
Tulipa et pulchella.
1895, s et Liliacee. H. Said
to be a d between 7. Ness igi and
T. somni (Dammann & Co.
Napl
Tuli e a pulcherrima,
H. 1895, 175.) H. Probabiy a
Pui between 7. kaufmanniana an
T. Greigi. (Max Leichdin, Baden.)
Eai oculata, N. vee
95; I) Aselepiadew. ru Stem
oblong - lábieclife:
Flowers on short umbellate
ymes, iu. wide, purple. Sierra
Teie. Wa
co.
M. 7370.)
*Veronica oe
(G. M. dem drip a a
Serophular H. an hru ubby
plant, with po ‘elipti leaves
and hite N. Zea-
land. Pr nis s "Kew. E
54
t
Be gee d Hook, f.
t. 7415
pricate nai (a and clusters of pale lilae
New Ze
aland. (Edinburgh
and K
Vriesia andreana, (Jil. H. 1895,
2D ^B lace. . A garde
hybrid between V. Barilleti and V.
sple jor. uval,
Versailles.) [The genus Vriesia is
now included under Fillandsia. ]
Vriesia i genos (ill. H. 1895,
2 2 S. A garden Pris tetween
ardin dena V. pin dens. (Léon
Dad. Versailles.)
Vriesia Henrici. (JU. H. 1895, 217.)
re pres hybrid — y. splendida
splen (Léon Duval,
Versailles. )
Vri is hybrida E (Gl.
180, 2.4563 iden hybrid
between V. paras and y. Barilletii.
(Berlin B. G.)
Vriesia. tessellata parisiense, (ul.
.18 ne variety of
mii Reti d Sa "LE. Sander &
Co.)
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN ;
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
APPENDIX III.—1896.
LIST of the STAFFS of the ROYAL GARDENS, Kew, and
of Botanical Departments and Establishments at Home,
and in India and the Colonies, in Correspondence with
Kew.
* Trained at Kew. t Recommended by Kew.
Hoya —Q Kew :—
Director - - AM MT z C.M.G.,
"c. I.E. FRS, j ELD
M.A.,
Assistant-Director - Daniel Morris, C.M.G., D.Sc.,
Assistant (Office) - *John Aikman.
- - *William Nicholls Winn.
”
Keeper of Herbarium and Library John Gilbert Baker, F.R.S.,F.L.S.
Principal Assistant (Phanerogams) *William Botting Hemsley, F. R.S.,
F.L.
(Cryptogams)
Assistant (Herbarium) -
HI ”
” ”
- George Massee, F.L.S.
- Nicholas Edward Brown, A.L.S.
- *Robert Allen Rolfe, A.L.S.
- - Charles Henry Wright,
"à : - *Sidney Alfred Skan.
for India - - Otto Stapf, Ph.D.
*
L
u 94888. 1375.—12/96. Wt. 123.
56
Honorary Keeper, Jodrell La- Dukinfield Henry Scott, F.R.S.,
boratory - - - M.A; PhD F.L.S.
Keeper of Museums - - John Reader Jackson, A.L. S.
Assistant. — seum) E - John Masters Hillier
Preparer - - George Badderly.
Curator of the Gardens - - George Nicholson, A.L.S.
eg Curator - - William Watson.
Fore :—
rice tum - - *William J. Bean.
Herbaceous Department - *Walter Irving.
ine MH Otastidind Frank Garrett.
Departm
fiin House (Sub-tropical *William Dallimore.
Department). ; x
Cambriage.— —University Ronie Garden :—
Profes - Henry Marshall Ward,
wie duis, Seda F.R.S.,
F.LS.
Curator - - *Richard Irwin Lynch,
A.L.S. oui
Dublin. orit Botanie n Glasnevin :—
- Frederick W. Moore,
A.L.S.
Trinity oes x Gardens :—
rofes E. Perceval Wright, M.D.,
F.L.S., Sec LI. i
Curator - «i: "E: W, Burbidge, M.A.
F.L.S.
Edinburgh.—Royal Botanic Garden :—
Regius Keeper - Isaac Bayley Balfour,
MID DSe, FBS.
.L.S.
Head Gardener - A. D. Richardson.
AssistantGardener = L. TOM:
lasgow.— Botanic Gardens :
ee University y Professor F.O. Bower, D.Sc., F.R.S.,
Curator - - *Daniel Dewar.
p Oxf —University Botanic Garden :—
ee sem 7 Profostor - - Sydney H. Vines, D.Sc.,
F.R.S., F.L.S.
*William Baker.
57
COLONIES.
Antigua. (See Leeward Islands.)
Barbados.—Dodd’s Reformatory, Botanic Station :—
Superintendent - John R. Bovell, F.C.S.,
F.L.S.
British Guiana.— Botanic rer —
Georgetown - oor slab pea E
Governme *George S. Jenman, F.L.S.
anis
Head Gardener - TJohn F. Waby.
- *Robert Ward.
Promenade Garden a
ad Gardener - William Jackson.
Berbice - - Keeper - - Richard Hunt.
British Honduras.— Botanic umore
- Eugene Campbell.
Canada.—
Ottawa - - Dominion Botanist - Prof. John Macoun,
M.A., F.R.S.C., F.L.S.
Assistant - Jas. M. Macoun
Director of Govern
Prof. Wm. Saunders
ment Experimental > PESO FLS. —
Botanist and Ento- James Fletcher, F.L.S.
mologist.
Montreal - Director, University Prof. D. P. Penhallow,
Botanic Garden. B.Sc.
Cape Colony.—
furat Botanist- Prof. MacOwan, F.L.S.
Goyon E c Die of moe — Gardens :—
pir - John C. Willis, M.A.
Peradeniya - sur - - *Hugh McMillan.
Clerk - - J. Ferdinandus
Draughtsman - W. de Alwis.
Hakgala - Superintendent - *William Nock.
Clerk and Foreman M. G. Perera.
Henaratgoda - Conductor - - S. de Silva, Arachchi.
Anuràdhapura - » < - D. F. de Silva.
Badulla - - » - - D. A. Guneratne.
Dominica. (See Leeward Islands.)
Falkland Islands. TE d bci: aue Garden :—
Gardener * Albert Linney.
58
Fiji.—Botanie Station :—
: Curator . -
Gambia.— Botanic Station :—
Curator -
Gold Coast.—Botanie I M ine
Cur
heey Garat
Grenada.--Botanic Sekot —
Curator
- *Daniel Yeoward.
- *Walter Haydon.
- *Charles Henry Humphries.
- *Charles Berryman
- *Walter E. es
. Hong Kong.—Botanic T AMbcesution Departme
Superi den
nden
Assi stant
tenden
- TCharles Ford, „ELS
Bec *W. J. Tute
Jamaica.—Department s ‘Publ Gardens and Plantations
Direc - Wil
Hope Gardens - Superintendent
Castleton Garden »
Cinchona (Hill 5
Garden).
Kingston Parade »
Garden.
King's House »
Bath — -. - Overseer -
Lagos.—Botanic Station :—
Curator -
Assistant -
p ea — —Batani Stations :—
Antigu Cura
rine - »
Montserrat - Head Gardener
St. Kitts-Nevis - »
Malta.—Argotti Botanie Garden :—
or -
liam Wawoatt, B.Se.,
- *William ‘Cradwick.
- *William J. Thompson.
- *William Harris.
- John Campbell.
- *Thomas J. Harris.
- W. Groves.
eee T re
. G. R. Leigh.
- E B. Dawodu.
- * Arthur G. Tillson.
- *Joseph Jones.
- Henry Maloney.
- Joseph Wade.
*
- Dr. Francesco Debono.
ggg er ir nis of Forests and Bonie Gardens :—-
Pamplemousses -
ns.
: Over
Curepipe - - Hue. -
. Reduit - " à E
. Montserrat. (See Leeward Islands.)
Natal.— Botanic Gardens :—
= Durban =o 55 SU —
= Head Gardener
William Scott, F.L.S.
ector z
issin Dbsotor of oy Vankeirsbilck.
Gar en
- ug Powell.
Assistant Director of E. Randabel.
For
- F. Bijoux.
- W. A. Kennedy.
- John Medley Wood,
ALS
59
New South Wales.—Botanic Gardens :—
Sydney Director . - - J. H. Maiden, F.L.S.
New Zealand :—
Wellington.— Colonial Botanic Garden :—
Director - - Sir James Hector, .
K.C.M.G., F.R.S
Head Gardener - G. Gibb
Dunedin - - Superintendent - d. Mobeni,
Napier - - is - W. Barton.
Invercargill - Head Gardener - Thomas Waugh.
Auckland - |. - Ranger - - William Goldie.
Christchurch - Head Gardener - *Ambrose Taylor.
Niger Coast Protectorate.—Botanic Garden :—
Old Calabar - Curator - Horace W. L. a
Assistant sa - *John H. Hollan
Queensland.—Botanic Departmen
Bri - - Colonial Botin, - F. M. Bailey, F.LS.
Botanic Gardens :—
mena - EAD TEET
Acclimatisation See s lardo
retary and Mossdigét Wm. Soutter.
ssistant » A. Humphrey.
Rockhampton - Superintendent - J. S. Edgar.
St. Kitts-Nevis. (See Leeward Islands.)
St. Lucia.— Botanic Station :—
Curator — - - *John Chisnall Moore.
St. Vincent.—Botanic Station;— — ,
Curator - - *Henry Powell.
Sierra Leone.—Botanic Station .—
Curator - - *Frederick Enos Willey.
South Australia.—Botanie Gardens :—
Adelaide - . - Director - - Maurice Holtze, F.L.S.
Port Darwin - Curator - - Nicholas Holtze.
Straits SENDE ent and Forest Department :—
Singapo: E - TH. N. Ridley, M.A,,
S.
Assistant Superin- *Walter Fox.
tendent.
Penang - y Assistant Superi- | toharies Curtis, F.LS.
Perak (Kuala Kangsar). oF ebninéat Gardens and Plantations :—
Superintendent - Oliver Marks
» (Taiping) - *Robert Derry
Tasmania.—Botanic Gerili: —
Hobart Town - Superintendent - F. Abbott.
Trinidad. cr. Botanie Gardens :—
Superintendent - TJohn H, sent Aois
3 Assistant ,, - *William Lun
Viotoria.—
Melbourne - Government Botanist
Batenie Gardens ;—
- W. R. Guilfoyle, F.L.S.
60
INDIA.
Botanical Survey.—Director, cc y King, M.D., LL.D, C.LE.,
R.S., F.L.S.
Bengal, Assam, Burma; the Andamans and Nicobars; North-East
Frontier prend rrei
es Sa ore of the) George King, M.D.,
nic Gar- » LL.D,CIE,F.R.S,
dens, Calouita E ELS.
Bombay, including Sind :—
Colles on any,
College of Science *G. Marshall Woodrow.
Poons
Madras: the State of Hyderabad and the State of Mysore :—
Government ist
and Director of Cin-
chona Plantations -
North-Western Provinces and Oudh; the Punjab; the Central-
Provinces ; Central India; Rajputana ; North-West Frontier
Expeditions :—
€— of the Bo-
Department | fJ. F. Duthie, B.A.,
ia, F.L.S.
Saharanpur, N.W.P.
Bengal.—Department of Royal Botanic Gardens :—
Calcutta - Superintendent - George King,
(Seebpore) Dee Dee ,O.LE., F. rr
Curator of Herbarium David Prain M.B,
. F.L.S., F.R.S.E.
Garden - *G. T. Lane.
Assistant 5 - *H. J. Davies.
Probationer - - *George H. Cave.
Mungpoo - Superintendent, Go-} George King, M.D.,
gan CDU LL.D., C.LE.,F.R.5.,
Plantat - ? S.
epu » - *J. A. Gammie
lst Assistant - - *R. Pantling.
Sd y ep - *Joseph Parkes.
mMm j - - G. A. Gammie.
Mh.» - - *Amos Hartless.
Darjeeling ; Lloyd ye tremens Garden :—
is eye Curato E - *William A. Kennedy.
Darb. Maharajah’s ares ds :—
pat Superintendent - Herbert Thorn.
Bombay.—
Poona - E
Lecturer on Botany - *G. Marshall Woodrow.
Ghorpuri.—Botanic Garden :—
: Superintendent - A. R. Lester.
= Bombay—Municipal Garden == — | x
Ou 00.4. Dapon. +. C D. Mahaluxmivals. —
61
Central Provinces.—
Nagpur - Superintendent of *J. Horne Stephen.
Public Gardens.
Madras.—Botanie Department :—
Ootacumund - Government Botanist
and Director of Go-
Fernand Gardens, ———
Parks, Cin-
chona "Plantations A
Curator of Gardens *Robert L. Proudlock.
and Parks.
Madras.—Agri-Horticultural Society :—
Hon.
Secretary - Dr. A. G. Bourne.
Superintendent - *J. M. Gleeson.
Native States.—
Mysore (Bangalore) Superintendent - *J. Cameron, F.L.S.
Curator — - -
Baroda - - Superintendent - *G. H. Krumbiegel.
Gwalior - - s - TC. Maries, F.L.S.
Morvi - - "s - *Joseph Beck.
Travancore(Trivandrum) ,, - *Frederick James In-
gleby.
Udaipur - E " - T.H. Storey.
North-West Provinces.—
Agra (Taj Garden) Superintendent - F. J. Bullen.
Allahabad - ^ - *J. Phillips. * .
Cawnpur -. » - G. H. T. Mayer.
Kumaon (Ramghur) ie - *F. W. Seers.
Lucknow - » - *Matthew Ridley.
Saharanpur and » - William Go
Branch Garden,
Mussoorie.
Punjab.—
Lahore - - Superintendent — - H. G. Hein.
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