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ROYAL, GARDENS, KEW. |Z 9%
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE,
By DARLING & SON, LTD. 1-3, GREAT ST. THOMAS APOSTLE, E.C.
And to be purchased, either directly or through "n: from
EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, EAST HARDING STREET, FLEET STREET, E.C.: or
JOHN MENZIES & Co., 12, HANOVER STREET, EDINBURGH, and
T NILE STREET, GLASGOW; or
HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., Limited, 104, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
1897.
Price Three Shillings.
CONTENTS.
Date. Article. Subject. Page.
1897.
January DXLI. List of Kew Ap era 1841-1895 t
» DXLII. Miscellaneous Note 4
Feb. and Mar, DXLIII. A zd Bulb Dinen EE er. ar
ith plate
a DXLIV. "Janis T 91
s DXLYV. West Ind Trade 92
5 DXLVI. Prices of Moeg Timber for 1896 | 97
" DXLVII. h ies «4.98
ii DXLVIIT. Botanical Explorati ion in in Yunnan _ «X 99
a DXLIX. Kino from Myristica malaba 101
m 5 Cultivation of Cotton in Egypt (Gossy-
| pium barbadense) see 102
3 | DLI. Papain (Carica Papaya) 104
» | DLII Misceliacesous Notes 109
April DLIII Mycologic Flora a the Royal cse
i Kew (with two plates) 115
* D Spindle e e rond europa) sek 10T
» DLV. Miscellan ...| 168
May and June DLVI nsects destructive to Cultivated p—
mde UES aus oe a 175
2 LVI Feno rowing at 191
G DLVIII Canaigre (Rumex mensa us) 200
i DLIX. Extraction of Gut rcha from Leaves | 200
» | DLX. ine Produc in 201
» DLXI. United States National He rbarium .| 204
5 DLXII. Completion of Flora of iere India ...| 205
» | DLXIII Miscellaneous .| 206
|
July | DLXIV. Marram Grass cate ag arundinacea), 211
» LX Agricultural Depression .. 217
s" DLXVI = Hen in Australia CChenopodium j
m) 8
" DLXVII ‘Scabies Timber toc Street Paving ... 219
s DLXVIII eerie ugar 221
» DLXI Fon Doren: rass CBouteloua oligostachya).. 224
» D 226
» DLXXI. Hand-list tof 7T Tender Monocotyledons .. 229
" DLXXII. Fiji Ivory Nuts 236
» DLXXIII. Addition to List of Kew Publications,
1841-1595. 38
id DLXXIV. Miscellaneous Notes 240
Aug. and Sept. DLXXV. Dia agnoses African, X. ... Su ...| 248
a DLXXVI. Miscellaneous Notes bn dis sat 901
October DLXXVII. Botanic Station, Sierra Leone (with) |
plan) `. -— = we +j 908
Date. Article. | Subject. Page.
1897.
October DLXXVIII. Hipevement of the Mum cue and
Sugar-cane ag
5 DLXXIX Forest Product of Sierra Leone E
DLXXX. Butter ve Tallow — ~ Sierra Leone
x (Pentadesma butyra
DLXXXI. Coffee Cultivation at ihe Gold Coast
DLXXXII. Botanical Enterprise in West Africa
DLXXXIII. Miscellaneous Notes
November DLXXXIV. West India Royal Commission ...
— DLXXXV. Miscellaneous Notes iex
December DLXXXVI. A Budget from Yunnan ...
DLXXXVIL Rubber and Coffee in Lagos
DLXXXVIII, British Solomon Islands
DLXXXIX. Shinia vns Cyprus (Pistacia Lent Mire)
T
n me-
> DXCI. Miscellaneous Notes.
Appendix I. - — List of seeds of hardy herbaceous rr
and of trees and shrubs
jp RE n — New garden plants of the year 1896
s MI — Botanical Departments at home and
abroad... s oe sss sak 61
-—
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
No. 121.] JANUARY. [1897.
DXLI.—LIST OF KEW PUBLICATIONS, 1841-95.
The Royal Gardens, Kew, have been from their first devotion to
publie use the most important seat of botanical research in the United
Kingdom. Sir William Hooker, the new Director of the reorganised
establishment, brought with him from the University of Glasgow not
merely his herbarium and li rary, for the reception of which West
Park was — for him by the Government, but an indefatigable assiduity
n the pursuit of science and a world-wide correspondence with every
nder irection K
took the position of a botanical institution of the first rank. The
impulse which it received from him has gathered stren h with sue-
ceeding years, and its activity batts little likely to diminish under the
demands made upon it from every part of the Empire.
1852 the Hookerian Herbarium was removed to the present
ST In 1854 George Bentham, Esq., F.R.S., added to it his own
herbarium and library. In 1858 the East India Company transferred
to Kew the enormous collections made by their officers, which had
accumulated at the India House. In 1867, after the death of Sir
William Hooker, the Government purchased his library and herbarium, -
became
up for the library.
In 1863 Sir William Hooker projected a series of Mord o iv uniform
- and in the English language for Indis and the Colonies. The
ork has been steadily kept in hand ever since, and the bulk of it has
Sons accomplished at Kew, though not in all cases by members of
the staff. Of those works the most important are the * Flora Austra-
liensis,"" commenced by Mr. Bentham in 1863 and completed in 1878,
and 5E i i
vast accumulations of flowering plants accessible to botanists in recent
times into disciplined order. The first part was published by ? Mr. Ben-
tham and Sir Joseph Hooker in 1862, and it was completed in 1883.
Another great undertaking, in some sense supplementary to this, is
the “Index Kewensis.” This gives down to 1885 all published names
of flowering plants, with a reference to the work in which each first
occurs. It was prepared by B. ees J Jom Esq., Secretary of the
Linnean Society, who was engaged u s preparation for ten years,
the expense being defrayed by the family ‘of the late Charles Darwin,
F.R.S. 1t was published by the Oxford Clarendon Press, the first part
appearing in 1893 and the last in 1895.
Besides substantial works of this kind, the enormous material available
at Kew has stimulated a constant stream of smaller selena tae either
by members of the Kew staff or by other botanists working there. Of
these the following pages contain a chronological catalogue which has
been compiled with much pains by Mr. Daydon Jackson. It represents
a volume of work which probably is not surpassed by that of any other
institution in the world.
Articles of merely ephemeral interest have not been included in the
list, and it is probable that some which should have been, have eluded
research or have been overlooked.
The commencement of the second deeade of the Kew Bulletin seemed
an. ESCAS occasion for publishing this record of accomplished
wor
E54 Nata We 9 F
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS,
Botanical Magazine, ed. by W. J, Hooker, vol. Pee ii. 8. Hes, (in
part, possibly t. 3868-8879), levii. , t. 8880-3915
Icones Plantarum, by W. J. Hooker, vol. iv. in part.
1842.
Genera Filieum, or Illustrations of the Ferns aud other allied Generi ; ;
from the original coloured = of Francis Bauer, with descriptive —
oker
letterpress. By W.J. Ho
Tussac Grass, By the same, Geogr. Soc. Journ., xii., pp. 265-267.
w Laurus f "ing cim Verte died ?) from Southern Africa.
By hesi same, Journ. Bot., iv., 418-419
Some account of the Fes zo Tea (lex paraguayensis). By the
„80-42
same, Lond. Journ. Bot.,
On Trichomanes Vittaria, De Cand. By the same, Le¢., 137- 128. f
On Cenomyce retipora. By the same, l.c., 292-294.
n a new Species of Meniseium (a. simpler] from China. pyn the |
same, l.c., 294-295.
"TAS C IONS MM Lon Dt
Serr en Ne re eee), PT neo yee © oe cee
Er AET eee ee Ce EN TEN
m
Sige gi wee
- Zealand, | pir enira
On two Species of Chrysosple nium from exira-tropieal South America.
By the same, 1.c., 457-459.
On a New Species of Thuja [ T. donotaj and on Podocarpus Totara
of Ns? Zealand. By the same, l.c., 570-5
Figures, with brief EU of three ejes of Podocarpus, By
the same, l.c., 656-659
An Arrangement and Definition of the Genera of Ferns, with Obser-
vations on the Affinities of each Genus. By J. Smith, Journ. Bot., iv.,
38-70, 147-198.
Contributions toward: a Flora of South America. Enumeration of
Plants collected by Mr. Schomburgk in British Guiana. (By G.Bentham.)
Filices determined and described by J, Smith, Lond. Journ. Bot., i.,
03.
An Arrangement and Definitions of the Genera of Ferns, &c. (cont.).
By J. Smith, l.c., 419—498, 659-668.
Botanical Magazine, edited by W. 7, kotor, vol. dde 3916-3963 ;
lxix., t. 3964-3987.
Icones Plantarum, by the same, vol. v. (n.s. 1.).
The Journal of Botany, &c., vol. iv.
The London Journal of Botany, &c., vol. i.
1843.
Brief Deser iptions, with figures, of Juniperus bermudiana, the Pencil
Cedar Tree; and of the Da erdum elatum, Wall. By W. J. H[ooker],
. Lond. Journ. "Bot, „ ii, 141-145
Figure and Description of a new Species of Thuja |T. cuni
from Chili. By the same, l.e., 199-200
Notes on the Botany of the Antaretie Voyage, conducted by Captain
hi
James Clark Ross, in Her Majesty's discovery ships “ Erebus” and
“Terror ” ; with Observations on the Tussac Grass of the Faikland
y W. J. Hooker.
Reprinted from Lond. Journ. Bot, n, pp. 247-329, and may be
: pee as a esse n nee on tbe pu of Ross’ s antarctic a dem
Hooker, the | tof the expedition. -
pecies of "Pasa: T, from New
ns of two
es 121193.
n Bateria (of Mr. Brown), 2 new Genus of Plants from South
nsn By the same, l.c., 192—195
-Figure and brief Description of. TRE chrysophy yita; by ile
497.
i same, Ze ia 495-4
quisnam of a new w Species of = from New Zealand. Ow us SS
the same, l. Cs 49 7-498
4
Figure and Description of a new Species of Senebiera | S. rhytidocarpa |
from Patagonia, By the same, l,c., 5606-507.
arrangement . of the Genera of Ferns, &e. By J. Smith
Poele. Lond. Journ. Bot., ii., 378—394.
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixix., t. 3988-4047; Ixx., 4048-4059.
leones Plantarum, vol. vi.
London Journal of Botany, vol. ii.
Some Account of a new po e from New Zealand. By J. D.
Hooker, Lond. Journ. Bot., iii., 228-230.
Catalogue of the names of a Collection of Plants made by Mr. Wm.
Stephenson, in New Zealand. By the same, l.c., 411-418.
ed on the Cider Tree (Eucalyptus Gunnii). By the same, l.c.,
499-50
tice Antarctice ; being Characters and brief Descriptions of
the Hepaties discovered in the southern ci reumpolar ola during
the voyage of H.M. discovery ships “ Erebus” and “ Ore:
the same, l.c., iii., 366-400; 454-481 (continued as Heration Nove
Zelandiz, &c.).
Hepatice Nove Zelandie et Tasmania; being Characters and brief
Descriptions of the Hepatice discovered in the Islands of New Zealand
and Van Diemen’s Land, during the voyage of H.M. discovery
ships * Erebus ” and “Terror,” together with those collected by R. C.
Gunn and W. Colenso. Em the same, l.c., 556-582.
Land, an
discovery ships, ‘ Erebus” and “Terror.” By the same, l.c., 634-
658.
— Antarctici; being nor with brief descriptions of the new
species of Mosses ‘discovered dur ing the voyage of H.M. ‘discovery
ipis * Erebus” and “Terror,” in the southern circumpolar regions,
together with those of Tasmania and New Zealand. By J. D. Hooker and
W. Wilson, l.c., 533-556.
Description and Figure of a new Species of E tU lindsweefolia]
from Columbia. By W. J. Hooker, l.c., 141-142
Description, with a Figure, of a new S ees of Thuja | T. tetragona],
the Alerse of Chili. By the same, Le, 14414 uel e
Some account of Exothea oblongifolia. T. the same, 1.c., 226—228.
Brief CM of a new Notylia [ N. multiflora]. By the same,
l.c., 315-316
On a new Genus of Flacourtianex AR men detected by Mr.
Purdie in Jamaica. By the same, l.c., 3
Enumeration of the Mosses and Hepaticz, collected in Brazil big.
Gardner. etie Drawn up by W. J. Hooker and W. Wilson, l.c., 149-
167, =
LI
Botanical Magazine, vol. lxx., t. 4060-4131.
Icones Plantarum, vol. vii.
London Journal of Botany, vol. iii.
1845.
The Botany of the Praet: Voyage of H.M. discovery ships,
“ Erebus " and “ Terror," in the years 1539-43, under the command of
Captain James Clark Ros
I. Flora antarctica. 5 J. D. Hooker
This appeared in parts, the Preface being dated 1845.
On the Huon Pine, and on Microcachrys, a new Genus of Conifere
from Tasmania; together with Remarks upen the Geographical Dis-
tribution of that Order in the Southern Hemisphere. By the same,
Lond. Journ. Bot., iv., 137-157.
On Fitchia, a new Genus of Arborescent Composite (Trib. Cicho-
racez) cm Elizabeth Island, in the South Pacific. By the same, l.c.
640-64
Alge Nove Zelandix, being a Catalogue of all the species of Al
yet recorded as inhabiting the shores of New Zealand, with Characters
and brief Descriptions of 'the new Species discovered during the Voyage
of H.M. discovery ships “ Erebus” and “ Terror," and of others
communicated to Sir W. Hooker by Dr. Sinclair, the Rev. W. Cilio
and M. Raoul. By J. D. Hooker and W. H. Harvey, l.c., 521- 551.
Alge Antarctiete, being Characters and Descriptions of the hitherto
unpublished Species of Algw, discovered in Lord Auckland’s Group,
Hepatice Antarctice, Supplementum, or Specific Characters hie
brief uud: cured of some — Species of the Hepatice of t
T. Taylor, l.c., 79-97.
Animadversiones in Piperaceas Herbarii Hookeriani, auctore F. A.
.W. Miguel, 1.c., 410—470. |
Description de deux genres nouveaux. de. la. famille des ‘Eaphor- vr
; UU par J. E. Planchon, l.c., 471-474.
es affin tés des genres s Henslowia, Wall. T Ürypteromii! ? Blume.
ues ? Blanco.) m Gardn. et Alzatea, Ruiz et Pav By
the same, l.c., 474-47
Description d'un nouveau genre de la famille des Diosmées [abe 23
laisia]. By the same, l.c., 519—521.
Observations on a New Genus of Ferns (Sy yngramma ). io PAN
Liga 69. |
Botanical Magazine. vol. Ixxi. (1st of the 3rd pagar <=
—_ Journal Bonny, vol. iv.
Report on the Royal Botanic Gardens and the ue
New Palm House at Kew. (House of Commons Return.)
1846.
Note on a Fossil Plant from the Fish River, South-Africa. By
J. D. Hooker, Geol. Soe. Trans., vii, 227.
Deseription of Pleuropetalum, a new Genus of sree from the
Galapago Islands. By the same, Lond. Journ. Bot., v., 108-1
Description of a new Genus of Composite (Scleroleima), and a New
Species of Plantago | P. Gunnii|, from the mountains of Tasmania.
By the same, l.c., 144-447.
An Enumeration of the Plants of the. Galapagos Archipelago a
descriptions of the new Species. By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc.,
(1846) 276-279.
A century of Orehidaceous Plants selected from Curtis’s Botanical
Magazine, with coloured figures and dissections chiefly executed by Mr.
Fitch. By W. J. Hooker
Species Filicum ; ee a a of the known Ferns, vd y
of such as exist in the Author's Herbari By the
ontains upwards of 300 tas EA by W. ue on at least
500 5 species of ferns.
Description d'un genre nouveau [ Purdica], voisin du Cliftonia, avec
des observations sur les affinités des Saurauja, des Sarracenia, et du
Pe php: Par J. E. Planchon, Lond. Journ. Bot., iv. (1846), 250-
Revue dela Famille des Simaroubées. By the same, l.c., 560—584.
Sur le genre Godoya et ses analogues, avee des observations sur les
Linées, des Ochnacées, et une revue des genres et espéces de ce groupe.
By the same, l.c., 584-600 ; 644-656
Catalogue of the first Series of Plants of Java, colleeted by Mr. T,
Lobb, sets of which have been announced for sale by Mr. Heward,
Young tt —— By the same, l.c., Lond. Journ. Bot.,
„ 246-25
n Enumeration of Ferns cultivated in the Royal Gardens at Kew,
in Déegrbor 1845 ; gee Characters and Observations on some of the
Genera and Species. By J. Smith, Comp. Bot. Mag., vol. Ixxii.,
pp. 7-39. Also as a oii. pamphlet, pp. 35.
Botanical Magazine, vol. lxxii.
London Journal of Botany, vol. v.
Repor . on the Royal Botanie Gardens and New Palm-
House a Kew (for 1845), (Parl. Papers, Commons, n. 345).
1847.
Flore Tasmanie Spicilegium ; or Contributions towards a toe of
By J. D. Hoo
Van Diemen’s Land. By J. D. Hooker, Lond. Journ. Bot., vi. 106-
125; 265-286 ; 461[bis]-479 | bis].
Description of a New Species of Lysipoma LP muscoides |, from the
Andes of Columbia. By the same, l.c., 286-287
the Diatomaceous Vegetation of the Antarctic Ocean. By the
same, Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1847, ii., 83-85.
An Enumeration of the Plants of the Galapagos Archipelago ; with
Descriptions of those which are new. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc.,
XX. (1847), 163-262.
Algæ Tasmanice: being a Catalogue of ned Species of Alge
collected on the shores of Tasmania h Characters of the
ert SL ties by J. D. Hooker and W. H. ey. gent Journ. Bot., vi.,
Deseription of Victoria regia, or Great Water-lily of South America.
By W. J. Hooker
This was a apa issue, on large paper, of the figures and letterpress
originally published in the Botanical Magazine, plates 4275-4278. Seedlings
of or plant fu prósang at Kew at the end of 1847, but they were never
reare
Catalogue of Mr. Geyer's Collection of Plants gathered i in the Upper
Missouri, the Oregon "2d y, and the intervening portion of the
Rocky Mountains. By W. J. H[ooker], Lond. Journ. . Bot. vi. (1847),
65-79; 206-256.
Figure and Description of a new Cardamine from New Granada.
By the same. 1.c., 202-294.
Botanical Characters of a new Plant oro d Cs yielding
the Gutta Percha of commerce. By W. J. H[ooker 463-465.
T. in Pharm. Journ. vii. 179-181.
—— Transl. Sur le Gutta Percha et la plante qui le produit. Ann.
Se. Nat. Sér. I. viii. 193-195; Journ. de Pharm. xiii. (1848), 35-36.
Botany of the Niger oe uos [in pantanasicn of Vogel's Journal].
y W. J. Hooker and J. D. Hooker — Journ. Bot. vi., 126-139.
(W ith list of Madeira plants by C. Leman
Sur le genre Godoya, ete., par J. E. Planchon, l.c., 1-31.
Observations sur ? Amoreuxia, DC. (Euryanthe, ovens et Schlecht) |
et description des nouveaux genres Roucheria et TARET intro-
duction à des mémoires distincts sur les Coch es, Linées et
Aristolochiacées, familles Pul cuv ces genres seront Tape fement
rattachés. d the same, l.c , 139—
Sur je. nouvelle famille des Cochlospermées. By the same, l.e., 294—
311.
Sur la Famille des Linées. By the same, l.c., 588-603.
Botanical Magazine, vol. lxxiii.
The London Journal of Botany, vol. vi.
Guide to Kew Gardens, eds. I. and IL (title only differs). -
| Report a + [for 1846]. Parl. in cot Comes n a odas ud
1848.
On the Vegetation of the Carboniferous Period, as compared with
that of the present day. By J. D. Hooker, Geol. Surv. Mem., ii, 387—
430; Edinb. New Phil. Journ., xlv., 362-369; xlvi., 73-78.
On some peculiarities on the Structure of Benes. By the same,
1.c., 431-439.
Remarks on the Structure and Affinities of some Lepidostrobi. By
the same, l.c., 440-4
[Descriptions of about 45 new Australian plants scattered T PN
Mitchell’s Journal of an Expedition into Tropical Australia. ]
W. J. Hooker
Sur la Famille des Linées: par J. E. Planchon (continued), Lond.
Journ. Bot., vii., 165—186, 473-501, 507—528.
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxiv.
Icones. Plantarum, vol. viii.
Guide to the Gardens, eds, III. and IV.
Report [Civil Services, Estimates, 1847].
London Journal of Botany, vol. vii.
1849.
The Rhododendrons of Sikkim Himalaya. By J. D. Hooker.
On the probable extent of the Flora of ibe Coal Formation in Britain.
By the same, Am. Journ. Sc., Ser. II., 131-133.
(Extracted from Veget. Garboniferous. Period, 1848-49.)
Notes, chiefly botanical, made during an Excursion from oe to
Tonglo. By the same, Journ, As. Soc. Beng., xviii., 419-4
Niger Flora an oo of the Plants of western tropical
Africa. Collected. by Theodore Vogel, botanist to the Voyage of the
Expedition sent by H. B. M. to the River Niger in 1841, under the
command of Captain H. D. ‘Trotter, including Spicilegia Gorgonea by
Ph. B. Webb, and Flora Nigritiana by J. D. Hooker and G. Bentham,
with a sketch of the Life of Dr. Vogel. By W. J. Hooker.
Botany. By W. J. Hooker. (Forms Section XII., pp. 400-422, of
A Manual of § Scientific Enquiry, ed. by J. F. W. Herschel.)
Jute, Fibre of Corchorus capsularis ; Chinese Grass Cloth; Pooah
or Puya fibre of Nepal and Sikkim; Oadal, or fibre of Sterculia
villosa ; fibre of Sterculia guttata, Roxb.; Musa ei Fibre
of the Manilla Hemp. [By W. J. Hooker], Kew Journ., i. 25-28.
Jute, repr. in Pharm. Journ., ix. (1850), 545, l.c., 121- 123.
Piacaba ; fibre = fruit of the Coquilla Nut, Attalea funifera,
Mart. By the sa
Repr. On Piacaba and Coquilla Nuts, Pharm. Journ., ix. cime
431-432.
9
Some account of the B Sera Ivory Palm (Phytelephas macro-
carpa), by the same, l.c 212.
4-
Repr. in Pharm. J ourn., ix. (1850), 369 -575.
Putch-Pat, or Patchouli (Pogostemon Patchouli), By the same,
l.c. 328-330.
Abstract in Pharm. Journ., ix. (1850), 282."
Deseription of a new Melastomaceous ON discovered in Jamaica,
by Dr. MacFadyen. [By the same,] l.c.,
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxv.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. V.
Return of the Number of Visitors . (Parl. Papers).
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. i.
1850.
[Specimens communicated to the Museum at Kew by R. Spruce. By
W. J. Hooker], Kew Journ., ii. 70-76.
Jute; Corchorus capsularis, L. By the same, 1.c., 91-92
en Oak (or Teak) [ Oldfieldia africana]. [By the same], l.c.,
183-1
Eboe Nut of the Mosquito shore. [By the same], l.c., 249-250.
Chinese “ Rice paper” or * Bok-Shung." [By the same], l.c., 27-29,
250-253.
Abstract in Pharm. Journ, ix., 545-546.
‘Description and Figure of the Cedron of the Magdalena river
(Simaba Cedron, Planch.). 377-382. (See an
= Dia ie in the next volume, p. 59-60.)
Repr. harm. Journ., x., 344-348 ; 472.
Botanical den vol. Ixxvi.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. VIII.
Return of the Number of Visitors . . . [ Parl. Papers, 1849].
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. ii,
c wes
Great Exhibition of 1851. Report ; iur y, Class IIT., pp. 123-162.
Report on Substances used as Food. By J. D. Hooker
Victoria regia ; or, Illustrations d the Royal Water jd: in a series
of figures chiefly made from specimens flowering at Syon and at Kew
By W. Fitch; with descriptions by
W. J. Hooker
Ane elephant folio containing four beautifully coloured plates by Fitch.
Botany. By W. J. Hooker. us the Admiralty Manual of Scientific
uiry, ed. II., p. 416-437.)
Figure and Description of a new Species of Ranunculus [R. digitatus),
z from the oe — By e same, Kew Sons i diis. 124-125.
10
Catalogue of Mr. Geyer’s Collection of ae gathered i in the Upper
Missouri, the Oregon Territory, and the intervening portion of the
Rocky Mountains [continued]. By the indie, Le., 287-300.
igure s and Descriptions of two Species of Boehmeria, of which the
fibre is kafi used in making Cloth. By the same, lc., 312-317.
Repr. Pharm. Journ., xi., 276-278.
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxvii.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. X.
Kepo: -e DOF o o o 1000
Return of Number of Visitors [ Parl. Papers, 1850].
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. iii.
1852.
e Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M.S. “Erebus” and
^ iw " By J. D. Hooker. II. Flora Novz-Zelandis, Parts 1 and 2,
pp. 1
On the Climate and Vegetation of the temperate and cold regions of
East Nepal and the Sikkim Himalaya Mountains. By the same, Journ
- Hort. Soc., vii., 69-131.
Description of a new Species of Amomum [A. Danielli] from
i. West Africa. By the same, Kew Journ., iv. (1852), 129-
— as Amomum Gronyn paradis : ; Grains of - paradise
Amomum, or Mellegetta Pepper, in Pharm. Journ., xii., 192-194.
Description du Barclaya longifolia, Wall., de la famille des Nym-
phéacées. By W. J. Hooker. Ann. Sc. Nat., sér. IIT., xvii., 301-304.
On the Chinese Rice Paper. By the same, Kew Journ., iv.,
50-54
Notice of a new species of sea ene by Charles Moore, in
New Caledonia. [By the same], l.c., 54-56.
Notice of a new species of Dammara, detected by E Charles
Moore in La Peyrouse's Thad By the same, l.c., 115-
Kew Gardens Museum. Tallow-tree, ye Insect Wax of Chins:
Pe-la, or Insect-wax. [By the sarae]; l.c., 4,
On the Camphor-tree of Borneo and Miis: Dryobalanops Cam-
phora, Coleb. By the same, l.c., 200-206 ; 285.
. Pharm. Journ., xii., 300-302.
Eee of Daphne Laurel (Spurge Laurel) [By the same], lc.
12-313.
Gynerium saccharoides. | By the same], l.c., 313-314. :
Cosciniscium [i.e., Coscinium] fenestratum, Maro Calumba-root).
By the same, Pharm: Journ., xii., 185-188,
li
The ond of the Voyage of H.M.S. * Herald," under the com-
mand of Captain Henry Kellett, during the years 18: 15-51. By
Seemann.
Part 1. The publication was completed in 1857.
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxviii.
Icones Plantarum, vol. ix.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XI.
Heport . . Ir . . 189k
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. iv.
1853.
The ee of the Antarctic voyage of H.M.S. “ Erebus” and
By Hooker, Il. Flora Nove Zelandie. Parts 3
On a new Genus [ Milligania], and some new Species of Tasmanian |
plants. "By the same, Kew Journ., v. 296-300.
Botanical Expedition to Oregon. [By the same], l.c, 315-317;
395.
On the Distribution and organic contents of the * Ludlow Bone Bed "
in the distriets of Woolhope and May Hill. With a note on the me
like bodies found on it. By J. D. Hooker, and H. E. Strickland, Geo
Soc. Journ., ix., 8-1
The Rice-Paper Plant. [By W. J. Hooker], Kew Journ., v., 79-84.
d the same], Le, 152-154.
Botanical objects communicated to e Kew Museum from
Amazon River in 1851, by Richard Pine Esq. [By the e re :
l.c., 169-177 ; 938-947.
Notice of two new Ferns from China.
Catalogue of Mr. dui s Collection . . .
the same, l.c., 257-265 ;
Description and Figure of a new Fern from Malacca T e m
Lobbianum]. By the same, l.c., 309-311. ; E
— Kew Gardens DET or, à 1 Notice of. the Origin, and | some - a m" i
contents of the Museum of Economie Bo denar to the Royal —
Gardens, Kew. - By: de same, ‘Le., 329-337 ; 381-389. |
new Species of Horkelia, from the Upper Platte River. By the
same, "iv 341-342. ue
Description of a new Species of Eriogonum, discovered in Calitornia 21 e :
by Mr. Jeffrey. By the same, l.c., 395-366. oe
on Pies Plants and Algz, collected Janes the voyage ot D.
By Sir W. kie.
Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya.
By the same, l.c., 236-238.
(continued). z
T, Hooker and G, Dic
Catalogue is hardy Herbaceous Plants in the Royal Gardens of Kew.
y J. C. Nive
An sete of upwards of 6,000 species, prepared by the Foreman of
the oboe Department for the purpose of exchange with other establish-
ments. (W. B. H.)
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxix.
Rapoart .. . for . . 1859.
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Misceilany, vol. v.
1854.
The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. ships “ Erebus” and
“Terror.” By J. D. Hooker. Il. Flora Nove-Zelandiz. Pu 5
and 6, pp. 161-240.
Himalayan Journals ; or, Notes of a Naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim
and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia Mountains, &c. With maps and
illustrations. By the same. 2 vo
Notes on the Fossil Plants from — By the same, Geol. Soc.
Journ., x., 163-166.
On a new species of Volkmannia (V. Morrisii). By the same, l.c.,
199-202.
n some species of Amomum, collected in Western Tropical Africa, by
Dr. Daniel. By the same, Kew Journ., vi., 289-297.
On the Functions and Structure of the Rostellum of Listera ovata,
By the same, Phil. Trans., exliv., 259-264.
Tr es fonctions et la structure du Rostellum dans le Listera
ovata, Ann. Sc. Nat. sér IV., iii., 85-90
On the Structure and Affinities of Trigonocarpon (a Fossil Fruit of
the Coal-Measures). By the same, Proc. Roy. Soc., vii, 28-31; Ann.
& Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. $8 xiv., 209-212
On Maddenia and Diplarche, new Genera of "E Plants. By
J. D. Hooker and T. Thomson, Kew Journ., vi., 380-384
A Century of Ferns; being figures with brief Descriptions of one
Hundred new or rare, or imperfectly known Species of Ferns, from
various parts of the World. A selection from the Author's “ Icones
Plantarum.” By W. J. a
separate issue of the tenth volume of Heoker's Icones Plantarum. The
* Second Century of e " (1860), was a distinct publication.
Kew Garden Museum, &c. (continued). By the same, Kew J ourn., vi.
10-26.
Jumping, or Moving Seeds. [By the same], l.c., 304—306.
Pine-leaf Fibre cf Silesia and the Bahamas. [By the same], l.c.,
90-93.
On the “ "des ” Tree of Marocco (Argania Sideroxylon) By the
same, l.c., 97-107
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxx.
Icones Plantarum, vol. x.
Report . . . . 1853.
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. vi.
1855.
On the South American ‘Triuridee and leafless Burmanniace» from
uem "uri of Mr. Spruce. By G. Bentham, Kew Journ. vii.,
—17.
-
Florula Hongkongensis, an enumeration of the Plants colleeted in
the Island of Hongkong. By Major J. G. Champion, . . . the deter-
minations revised, and the new ides described by G. B.—Mono
cotyledons, l.c., 33-39.
Additional note ae Arachis hypogea. By the same, Lc. 177-179
(cf., viii. (1856) 380). :
Notes on the Roogee of Kumaon, Megacarpea polyandra. By the
same, l.c., 853-357.
The Botany of the Antaretie Voyage of H.M.S. * Erebus" and
“ Terror.” By J. D. Hooker. II. Flora Nove- E Parts
7.& 8 (and last), pp. 241-312. III. Flora Tasmaniwe; Part 1.
Illustrations of Himalayan plants, chiefly selected from drawings
page ud the late J. F, Cathcart, Esq., cf the Bengal Civil Service.
On some minute seed-vessels | Casati Ovulum, Brongn.] from
the Eocene beds of Lewisham. By the same, Geol. Soc. Journ., xi
569-565.
On some small seed-vessels [Folliculites minutulus, Bronn] from the
Bovey em Coal. By the same, l.c., 566-570.
On todes, a subgenus of Flagellaria, from the Isle of Pines
(New Caledonia). Byt the same, Kew Journ., vii., 198-200.
On the structure of certain Limestone nodules enclosed in seams of
Bituminous ~~ with a Se of some Trigonocarpons contained
in them. By J. D. Hooker and E. W. Binney, Phil. Trans., erir, 149-
156.
ra Indica; a systematic account = the TAE of British
India, & &e, “By J.D. D» and T. Thomson, v
On Enkyanthus Roles: and Ó Hiis two new
species of Himalayan Ericeæ. By the same, Kew Journ., vii., 124- 4-126.
On two Fibres from Brazil : Fr T. C. Archer; with a Note by LA J. |
Hooker. Kew Journ, vii.,
'The note constitutes four-fifths ot the article.
Kew Gardens Museum, &c. (continued). By the same. Kew Jour. es
vii., 97-114 ; 129-138. Hee
Botanical Objects . useum . . in Pathan yina
16j — 209-210; ison; ums os
14
Asplenium fontanum, Br, a British plant. By the same, Le., 340-
343.
Catalogue of Mr. Geyer’s Collections (continued), By the same, l.c.,
371-378.
- Botanical Magazine, vol. lxxxi.
Guide to the Gardens, ed., XIII.
Report, , . . 1854.
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. vii.
Museum of Economic Botany: a Guide to the Museum, &c.
1856.
Description of two American Species of Gnetum, By G. Bentham.
Kew Journ., viii., 357-359.
Notes on Loganiacew. By the same, Journ. Linn, Soc., L; 52-114.
The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M.S. “Erebus” and
“Terror.” By J. D. Hooker. III., Flora Tasmania, parts 2 and 3.
On some Collections of Arctic Plants chiefly made by Dr. Lyall,
aa Anderson, Herr Miertsching, and Mr. Rae, during the WepediGon:
search of Sir John Franklin, under Sir J ohn Richardson, Sir Edward
Belcher, and Sir Robert M'Clure. By J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
, 114- 124.
On the Botany of Raoul Island, one of the Kermadec group in the
South Pacific Ocean. By the same, l.c., 125-129.
ased on a collection of plants made by Mr. MacGillivray, Naturalist
to Hera
On the structure and anag e Balanophorew, By the same,
Trans. Linn. Soc., xxii. (1856), 1
Catalogue of ve OO 8 = oS by W. J. Hooker, Kew
Journ., viii., 16—
Use of NE lacustris (Bullrush) in South America. _ By the
same, l.c., 20-21.
Agave americana in Devonshire, By the same, l.c., 26-27.
Balsam-bog (Bolax glebaria, Comm.). By the same, l.c., 74-80.
The Mammoth Tree (Sequoia gigantea). [By the same], l.c., 150-
Ensete of Bruce. [By the same], le, 210-214, ——
The Soap-Plant of California. [By the same], Le., 317-319.
Cuba Bast in Jamaica. [By the same], l.e., 347-350,
Jersey Cabbages. [By the same], l.c., 350-351.
Odal oil. [By the same], Lc. 378.
-~ On Polypodium anomalum; a new Species of Fern, m its
Sori on the upper side of the Frond. By the same, Le., 360—362
15
Catalogue of the Ferns in the Royal Gardens of Kew, prepared by
J. Smith, Curator, for the purpose of exchange with other gardens.
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxii.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XIV.
Report . . for. 1855.
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. viii,
Catalogue of certain succulent Plants (viz. Caetacem, the genera
Mesembryanthemum and Aloé) in the Royal Gardens of Kew. For the
purpose of exchange with other gardens.
1857.
On Professor Nees von Esenbeck’s Genera of Acanthacex, in the
eleventh volume of De C. Candolle's. v Fdo. | By g BIS Kew
Journ., ix., 15-7 E s Me
Memorandum on the Principles of Genette Komeadatak in fitis.
By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., ii., 30-33.
On Brachynema and Phoranthus, two new Genera cf Brazilian
etii By ihe same, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxii., 125-128.
e Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M.S. * veiut and
n Tortor, ” By J.D. Hooker. III., Flora Tasmania, parts 4 and 5
ee of two new Dilleniaceous Plants from New Caledonia i
and Tropical Australia. By the same, Kew Journ. ix., 47—49. -
On Notospartium, a new genus of Leguminose, from New Zealand.
By the same, l.c,, 176-177.
On Zozodiscus, a new dics of Sapindace» from New Caledonia.
By the same, l.c., 200-201
a new species of Diapensia, from the Eastern Himalaya. By
the inl C., 972-313.
On the Growth and Composition of the Ovarium of Siphonodon
celastrineus, Griffith, especially with reference to the bendi of tg E
Placentation. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc, xxii, 133-139. -~
rpum,9 new genus of] Himalayan Primblates. By 5D,
Hooker and T T. Thomson, Kew Journ., ix., 199-200 Men
On three new Indian Serophularines. By the same, l.c., 243-246, -
Preceursores ad Floram Indieam; being Sketches of the Natural
Families of Indian Plants, with Remarks on their Distribution, Struc-
ture, and "I omi TE ee Campanulacex. By the
same, Journ. Linn. Soc. i DER
— Saxifragem, Cras eem m, ^, Drosemcen, po enn vu
Tiossmelidofi, and 'Philadelphiz. l.c., 54- m a
| aris Universal Exhibition. Report on Vegetable Products ob i
without cultivation. By W. J. Hooker. ca Fe sae
16
Scientific Exploring Expeditions of the British Government. [By
W. J. Hooker], Kew Journ., ix. (1857), 121-123.
On the Palmite of South Africa. By the same, l.c., 173-175.
* On ee Lees cra joe M nigripes, a Mexican, and on Davallia-
nodosa, an Indian Fern. By the same, l.c., 268-272.
Mr. Wilford's Botanical Mission to the Chinese Seas. By the same,
1.c., 273-274.
Flora of the British West Indian Islands ; ; by Dr. Grisebach [notice
of the work, and letters from Sir W. J. Hooker and others], l.c., 274-
279.
Florula Hongkongensis: . . The Filices. a W. J. Hooker, l.c.,
333-344 ; 353-363,
Note of the editor [W. J. Hooker], l.c., 383-384. (A short history
of the various journals edited by him.)
British North-American Exploring Expedition [with Instr eiii x:
the oe By W. J. Hooker and J. D. Hooker. Kew Journ.,
213-219, 311
The Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. “ Herald.” By B. Seemann,
Last part ; the first part was issued in 1852.
Cultivated eet ; or, a Catalogue of Exotic and Indigenous Ferns
cultivated in British Gardens with Characters of the Genera, Principal
Synonyms, etc. "By J. Smi
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxiii.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XV.
Hepért cuoi hors. e ceu 1.1856.
Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. ix.
1858.
Handbook of the British Flora: a description of the flowering plants
and ferns indigenous to, or naturalized in, the British Isles. By G.
Bentham
Spip x Fae ae a tribe of Rhizophoracee. By the same,
rn. Li 0C., iii., 0.
P ot the {hein Sphæriæ of the Hookerian Herbarium.
F. Currey, Trans. Linn Soc., xxii., 257-287.
en te of the Antarctic voyage of H.M.S. “Erebus” and
Tere. By J. D. Hooker. lII., Flora Tasmanis, parts 6 & 7
Precusores ad Floram Indicam . . diee lice By J. D. Hooker
and T. Thomson, Journ. Linn. Soc., ii, 163-
Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylanie: an Enumeration of Ceylon plants,
with Descriptions of the new and little known
observations on their habitats, uses, m native name. By G. H
17
K. Thwaites. Assisted in the identification of the species and synonymy,
by J. D. "Ho oker. Parti, 1-80
With the excepti of Moon's very Me € catalogue of ee no work
Nd ng to be a complete enumeration o lants since the appearance of
us's * Flora Zeylanica,” in 1747. It tüstndés 2832 flowering plants and
vascular e | sie. and is supplemented by Dr. Trimen’s aay. of 1885.
issued in five parts, and completed in 1864. (W. B. H.)
"Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxiv.
Guide to the Gardens, ed, XVI.
BOUM . 4 . id o .— . ABEL
1859.
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis. Leguminose. I. Papilionacez, xv.,
pars I. (pp. 1-216). Auctore G, Bentham,
On the genus Henriquezia of Spruce. By the same, Trans. Linn.
Soc., xxii., 295—298.
Synopsis of the Fructification of the Simple Spherie of the
Hookerian Herbarium, By F. Currey, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxii.
313-335.
The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M.S. “Erebus” and
“Terror.” By J. D. Hooker. III. Flora Tasmanis, parts 8-11 (and
last).
On the Origin and Development of the Pitchers of Nepenthes, with
an Account of some new Bornean Plants ofthat Genus. By the same,
Trans. Linn, Soc., xxii 4.
On a new Genus at Balanophoree [Dactylanthus|, from New
SRI and Two new Species of Balanophora. By the same, l.c.,
Precursores ad Floram Indicam.—Balsaminew, By J. D. Hooker
and T, Thomson, Journ. Linn. Soc., iv., 106-157.
Botany. By W. J. Hooker, assisted by D. Hanbury; in Admiralty
Manual wA Scientific Enquiry, ed. IIL, by R. Main. Art. XV.,
pp. 418-4
Filices Exotice ; or, Figures and Descriptions of Exotic Ferns;
chiefly of such as are cultivated in the Royal Gardens of Kew. 100
coloured plates by W. Fitch. By W. J. Hooker.
Musei Indis Orientalis; an Enumeration of the er oe “eg East
Indies. By W. Mitten, Journ. Linn, Soc., iii., Suppl. i.,
The Indian ee of Utricularia. By D, Oliver, Journ. Linn.
Soc., iii., 170-1
Observations on the Structure of the Stem in certain Species of the
Natural Orders ont AES iue and Plumbaginee. By the same, Trans.
Linn. Soc., xxii., 289-294. |
Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylanie. By G. H. K. Thwaites, Part 2,
pp. 81-160. 7
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxv. aoe
u 94256. : QU
18
Report, LJ LI LJ for . * L] 1858,
Report, . . . . from 1853 to 1859.
1860.
Florula Adenensis... A systematic account with descriptions of the
Lm Bee, nag hitherto found at Aden. By T. Anderson, Journ.
nn. Soc., V., Dh
ra Tasmanix. By J. D. Hooker. (Date on title net ; issued in
jus, "1855-59. Ji
The monstrous Begonia a es at Kew in relation to Mr. Darwin's
*'Theory of Natural Selection.” . By the same, Ann. and Mag. Nat
Hist., Ser. HL, v., 350-352.
n the Origination and Distribution of Species. Introductory Essay
to ths Flora. of Tasmania. By the same. Reprinted in Am, Journ. Sc.,
Ser. II., xxix., 1-25, 305-326.
On the species of Cordyline now in cultivation from New. Zealand
and Australia. By the same, Gard. Chron. (1860), 791-792.
Illustrations of the Flora$ of the Malayan Archipelago dd
Tropical Africa. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxiii., 155-172
A second Century of Ferns. By W, J. Hooker.
An octavo volume ; the drawings by W. Fitch. The first * Century of Ferns”
formed the tenth volume of Hooker's ** Icones Plantarum
On some new species of Musci and Hopatiase in. the. Herbarium. of -
Sir W. J. Hooker, collected in Tropical Africa, &c. -By W. Mitten,
Trans. Linn. Soc., xxiii., 51-58.
On Sycopsis [a x genus of Hamamelidee]. «By D. Oliver,
Trans. Linn. Soc., xxiii., 83-89. :
Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylanie. By G. H. K. Thwaites. Part 3,
pp. 161-240.
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxvi.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XIX.
Report .. «. for... [1989].
1861.
Flora Hongkongensis ; à ydosaription of the flowering plants and ferns
of the Island of Hongkong. . By G. Bentham. ;
Outlines of Elementary hoi as introductory to local Floras, By
e same.
(Reprinted from the Introduction to the preceding work.)
On the Species and Genera of plants, eonsidered with reference to
- practical application to D Botany. By the same, Nat.
t. Review, 1861, 133-151
Notes on Ternstræmiaceæ, By. the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., v. -
3-65. eir ^ cinia
19
Notes on Anonacem. By the same, l.c., 67-72.
Botanical Memoranda. By the same, l.c., 72-78.
On Fissicalyz, a new Genus of Dalbergiew. By the same, l.c., 78-79.
Notes on Menispermacesm. By the same, l.c., Suppi. 1., 45-52.
Notes on Tiliaceæ. By the same, l.c., 52-74.
Notes on Bixace» and Hr genio By the same, l.c., 75-94.
On Wissicalyx and Prioria, two recently established ES of
Leguminose. By the same, Tatts, Linn. Soc., xxiii., 3
Catalogue of Japan Plants. BY A. A. Bla
he but prematurely deceased curator of the Herbarium) published
little, though he left a good record in the Herbifthuni "€ This list st,
comprising 1,600 species of flowering plants and ferns, appeared in Hodgson's
* Japan." Since that date the number of known Japanese plait has about
doubled. (W, B. H.)
On Fropiera, a new Mauritian Genus of Sod seii of
doubtful affinity. By J. D. Hooker. Journ. Linn. Soc.,
On Barteria, a new Genus of Passiflore from the Niger River. By
the same, 1.c.,
— An Account. of the Plants collected by Dr. Walker in Greenland and
Arctic America, during the expedition of Sir Francis M'Clintock, R:N:
in the yacht « Fox.” “By the same, l.c., 7
` Outlines of the Distribution of Arctic Plants. By the panie; Trans.
Linn. Soc., xxiii. (1861), 251-348. i
On Three Oaks of Palestine. By the same, Le; 381-887. sdi 6
Notice sur les espèces de Cord, aperi de la Nouvelle Zélande et de
l'Australie. . Par F méme]. Tradui par G. Barlet. .. Belg.
Hortic., xi., 66-70
(For the original, see under 1860.)
,Preeursores ad Floram Indicam. "peces By J. D. Hooker and
T. Thomson, Journ. Linn. Soc., v. 128-
. The British Ferns; or, coloured Figures and Descriptions, with the
needful Analyses of the Fructifications and Venation, of the Ferns of
Great Britain and Ireland, sit oe ind W.J. Hooker.
The drawings by W. Fit ch. |
. Commercial produets of the Asphodel. By the same, - [from The
Technologist.] “Pharm. Journ., ser. IL, iii., 24.
Hepatice Indie Orientalis: an Enumeration of the TARET of the
East Indies. By W. Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc., v., 89-128.
Notes on Aurantiaceæ. By D. Oliver, Journ, _ Soc., v., Suppl.
II., 1-44. NN i3 ie
Pl 0 Plantarum censes By G. H. K. Thwaites. Part Bed a
"a Magi vol. Bai. i eS
20
Guide to the Museum. By D. Oliver.
Report . . for . . [1800].
1862.
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis. Leguminose. I. Papilionaces, xv.,
pars r. (p. 217-end). Auctore G. Bentham.
Notes on Caryophyllez, eR and some allied Orders. By the
same, Journ. Linn. Soc., vi., 55-77.
Notes on Malvacex and RR By the same, l.c., 97-123.
On Znocarpus. By the same, l.c., 146-150.
On African Anonaces. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxiii., 463-
[Addreis to the ER Society.] By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc.,
1861-62, pp. Ixvi.-Ix xxi
Genera Plantarum ad — imprimis in Herbariis ewensibus
servata definita, auctoribus G. Bentham et J. D. Hooker. Vol.i., pars T.,
came out in this year; the last part appearing in 1883.
Florula Mallica. By M. P. Edgeworth, Journ. Linn. Soc., vi., 179-
210.
On the Vegetation of Clarence Peak, Fernando Po; with Descrip-
tions of the Plants collected by Mr. Gustay Mann on the higher parts
of that mountain. By J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., vi., 1-23.
On the Cedars of Lebanon, Pea Algeria, and India. By the
same, Nat. Hist. Review, 1862, p. 11-18.
Garden Ferns. By W. J. Hooker. The drawings by W. Fitch.
The Atiantis Hypothesis in its Botanical Aspect. By D. Oliver,
Nat. Hist. Review (1862), 149-170.
The Structure of the Stem in Dicotyledons. By the same, l.c., 298-
29.
On the Distribution of Northern Plants. By the same, Proc. R.
Inst., iii., 431-433 ; Geologist, v. (1863), 262-263.
Note on the Structure of the Anther. By the same, Trans. Linn.
Soc., xxiii., 423—428.
ote on Hamamelis and Loropetalum ; with a as ence of a new
Anisophyllea from Malacca. By the same, l.c., 457-4
Viti: an Account of a Government Mission to the Vitian and Fijian
Islands in the years 1860-61. By B. Seemann.
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxviii.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXI.
Guide to the Museums (re-issue).
Report. . . for . . 1861. (Also reprinted in folio.)
21
1863.
An Enumeration of the Species of Acanthacez from the Continent of
Africa and the adjacent — By T. Anderson, Journ. Linn. Soe
vii., 13-54.
[ Address to == m Society.] By G. Bentham, Proc. Linn. Soc.,
1862-63, pp. xi.
Flora Australiensis: a Description of the Plants of the Australian
Territory. Vol. i. By G. Bentham, assisted by F. Mueller.
The first volume was issued in this year, and the seventh and last in 1878.
On the Nardoo Plant of Australia. By F. Currey, Journ. Bot., i.,
161-167.
Suus on apparently ne Woods hitherto little known. By J. R.
Jackson. Technologist, iii., 49.
Notes on the Economic — of Barks, By the same, l.c.,
362, 433, 530.
ee oe of the Botanical s made by D. Lyall [by himself].
Journ. Linn. Soc., vii., 124-1
On Anisostichium, a pene new Genus of Musci. By W. Mitten,
Journ. Linn. Soc., vii., 119--120.
n the Musci and Hepatice from the Cameroons Mountain and
from the River Niger. By the same, l.c., 147-169.
n the Loranthacez, with a Synopsis of the Genera. By D.
Oliver, Jo ourn. Linn. Soc., vii., 106.
The Structure of the Stem in Dicotyledons [Part IT.]. By the same,
Nat. Hist. Review (1863), 251-258.
The Solana of Tropical Polynesia. By B. Seemann, Journ. Bot., i.
206-211.
Botanical Magazine, vol. Ixxxix.
Guide to the Gardens, by D. Oliver, ed. XXII.
Guide to the Museum, ed. II.
Repot . . OP , v ., 1907
1864
Flora of the Jhelum District of the Punjab. By J. E. T. Aitchison,
Journ. Linn. Soc., viii., 55-75.
Flora Australiensis. By G. Bentham, vol. ii.
[Address to the EL Society.] By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc.,
1863-64, pp. ix.-xx
Flora of the British West Indian Islands. By H. R. A. Grisebach.
Completed in à year ; title page d 1864; but the work was issued in -
seven parts, the first appearing in
On the Plants of the Temperate Regions of the Cameroons Mountains ——
ond Islands în the Bight t of mar collected by mde J-— = -
p:
22
Government Botanist. By J. D. Hooker. Journ. Linn. Soc., vii, 171-
240.
On the Identity of Pinus Peuce, Griseb., of Macedonia, with the P.
excelsa of the Himalaya Mountains. By the same, viii., 145-147.
Note on the re replacement of Species in the Colonies and elsewhere.
By the same. Hist. Review (1864). 123-127.
On Ata ais anew Genus of Gnetacew. By the same, Trans.
Linn. Soc., xxiv., l-
Handbook of the New Zealand Flora. Part I. (Vasculares). By the
sa
Description of a new genus of Scrophularineæ [| Brandisia] from
ae y J. D. Hooker, and T. Thomson, Journ. Linn. Soc., viii.,
11-12.
Notes on some of the edible Fruita of the West Indies. By J. R.
Jackson, Technologist, iv., p. 264.
Notes on some African Vegetable Products... By. the same, l.c., 471.
On a New Genus of Bees [ Adelanthus}. By W. Mitten, Journ.
Linn. Soc, vii, 243-244.
Contributions to the Cxgptopunie Flora of the Atlantic Islands. By
ihe same, l.c., viii, 1-10.
The * Br DONA pu the Survoy of the 49th Parallel of EIG:
By the same, l.c., 12-5
On some Species of Musci and Hepaticx, additional to x Floras of
Japan and the coast of China. By the same, l.c., 148-15
Lessons in Elementary Botany. By D. Oliver. ecu. at
intervals.)
Note on the Structure and Mode of Dehiscence of the Leptiison of
Pentaclethra macrophylla, Benth. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc.,
xxiv., 415-420.
Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniæ. . . “By G. H. K. Thwaites,
Part 5 (and last), pp. 321-483, title, &c.
Botanical Magazine, vol, xc.
Report . . Pia ~ v TOSS
1865.
fandbook of the British Flora with (1295) illustrations
jean original drawings by W. Fitch. (Ed. II.] by G. Bentham.
On the Genera Sweetia, Sprengel, and Glycine, Linn., Set nie]
published under the name of Leptolobium. ni the same, Journ. Lin
Soc., viii., 259-26
Notes on Pueraria, DC., correctly referred by the author to
Phase By the send Le., ix., 121-125.
Note on the Genera. TIN dapes and Bettisgio, Ad, Brongn.
By the same, l.c., 176-1
23
The ancient and modern Floras of Montpellier. By the same, Nat.
Hist. Review (1865)., 202-225.
Wei. — of some New Genera and Species of ass Legu-
minose. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxv., 297-320
[A asd to the Linnean Society.] By the same, Broo. Linn. Sot.,
1864-65, pp. ix.-Ixx
Supplementary Tiscali on the Spherie of the Hookerian
Herbarium. By F. Currey, Trans. Linn. Soc., xxv. 239-262.
Discovery of Asplenium Me in New Brunswick. By J. D. Hooker,
Nat. Hist. Review (1865), 1
Gustav Mann's Botanische Forschungen an der Westküste von Africa.
(1805). 92-06 for the original, see under 1862.) Petermann, Mitth.,
(186 -26.
ee of some new and remarkable Species of Aristolochia from
Western Tropical Africa. By the same, Trans, Linn. Soc.,
185-187.
Pepper. By J. R. Jackson, Pharm. Journ., Ser. TI., vii., 288-291.
Cork and its uses. By the same, Technologist, v., 193; repr.
Pharm. ete Ser. IL vi. 652-655.
Notes on Lichens collected by Sir John Richardson in Arctic
America. By W. A. Leighton, Journ. Linn. Soc., ix., 184-200.
Observations on the Morphology and Anatomy of the Genus Restio,
Linn. together with an Euumeration of the South African ser
. Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc; viii., 211-255
On:four new Genera of Plants of W cen — — belonging
to the Natural Orders Anonacem, Olacines, Loganiacew, and Thyme-
læaceæ, and on a new species of Par PURA. “By D. Oliver, Journ. Linn.
Soc., viii., 158-162.
On the Lentibulariee collected. in Angola by Dr. Welwitsch, F.L.S.,
with an enumeration of the African Species. By the same, l.c., ix., 144-
56.
Notes upon a few of the ume collected, MÀ near Nagasaki, Japan,
. and in the islands of the Kor n Archipelag in the years 1862-63, by
Mr. Richard Oldham. By de same, l.c., 163-17 70. |
n Five New Genera of West Tropieal Africa, —— to the
N taral Orders Bixineæ, Tiliaceæ, and Anonaceæ, with a Note upon the
Genera Oncoba and Mayna. By the same, L.c., 170-176.
Flora Vitiensis: a description of the Plants of the Viti or Fiji
Islands. With an account of their history, uses, and properties. By
B. Seemann.
” With 100 coloured pia by W. Fitch. Much of this work was done at
Kew, but it also includes the materials collected by the botanists of Cook's.
and other voyages, and preserved at the British Museum. Com pee ss 1068.
(W.B. H) |
Botanical Magazine, vol. xci.
: nuce to He "erseme ed. meris
24
; 1866.
On Aira uliginosa as a British plant. By J. G. Baker. Journ. Bot.,
iv., 176-178.
Handbook of the British Flora. By G. Bentham. New ed. [1II.]
Flora Australiensis. By the same. Vol. iii.
[ Address ud the Linnean Society.] By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc,
1865-66, pp. x.—li.
Florula of Banda. By M. P. Edgeworth, Journ. Linn. Soc., ix.,
304—326.
Orchid Tea. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron, (1866), 315.
Repr. in Pharm. Journ., Ser. IL, viii., 28-29.
The Treasury of Botany. By J. Lindley and T. Moore. 2 vols.
A. A. Black, the Curator of the Herbarium from 1853 to 1864, was one of
. B. Hemsley eed a few articles left unfinished by the latter at his death
in May 1865. (W. B. H.)
Memorandum on the Genus Thamnea, Solander, and other Bru-
noniacez contained in the South African Herbarium of the late Dr.
urchell, F.L.S. By D. Oliver, Journ. Linn. Soc., ix., 331-333.
On Zillebrandia, a new E of Begoniaceex, By the same,
Trans. Linn. Soc., xxv., 361-36
Ferns: British and Foreign. Their History, Organography, Classi-
fication, and Enumeration. With a treatise on their cultivation, &c.
By J. Smith.
Note on the affinity of Ferns. By the same, Journ. Bot. iv., 306-
07.
On two New Genera of Composite Mutisiacee from India. By T.
Thomson, Journ. Linn. Soc., ix., 342-344
Botanical Magazine, vol, xcii. Fits first under the editorship of
J. D. Hooker. |
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXIIT.
Guide to the Museum, ed. III.
meer. . .-— for . . . 1865.
1867.
On the world-distribution of the British Ferns. By J. G. Baker
Journ. Bot., v., 74-76. z
Descriptions of six new species of TUS Y^ deae Hymenophyllacee.
By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., ix., oe
[ Address to the ee Society.] By G. Bentham, Proc. Linn. S
1866--67, pp. xi.-xxx
25
Illustrations of the genus Carex. e. Boott. Vol. iv. Tab. 412-
600. Posthumous, edited by J. D. Hooker
Ee of British Umbelliferz. By W. B. Hemsley, Journ.
Bot., v., 356-365
ponm Flora PEER cts. Toicen, auct. J. D. Hooker, vol. xiv.,
ars II
Handbook of the New Zealand Flora; a systematic description of
the native plants of New Zealand and the Chatham, Kermadec’s, Lord
Auckland’s, Campbell’s, and Macquarrie’s Islands. Part2. By the same.
Insular Floras. By the same, Gard. Chron. (1867), 6-7 ; 27 ; 50-51 ;
5-76.
The substance Es < cepe delivered before the British Association at Notting-
ham, 27th August 1
Transl. Mim eet sur les flores insulaires [extrait du Gard.
Chiron; ] Ann. Sc. Nat. 5me Série, vi. (1866), 267—299.
Note. at ied is antedated.
On the Struggle for Existence ee Plants. By the same,
Popular Sc. Review, vi., 131-139.
Additions to the Lichens of New Zealand. By W. A. Leighton,
Journ. Linn. Soc., x., 30-33.
On a new species of Umbilicaria [ U. flavo-virescens]. By the same,
l.e., 33-35.
n some points in the Morphology of the Malvales, together with a
description of a new genus of Buettneriee [Scaphopetalum]. By M.
_T. Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc. x., 18-30.
Eden of three New du from West Tropical nd belonging
o the Nat ral Orders QGuttifere, Olacines, and Celastracem. By
D. Oliver, oii. Linn. Soc., x., 42-44.
Botanical Magazine, vol. xciii,
Icones Plantarum, vol. xi. t. 1001-1025.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXIV.
Report- .—. < dot... 4 00
: 1868.
Lahul, its Flora and Vegetable products, &c. From communications.
received from the Rev. Heinrich Jaeschke, of the Moravian Mission
By J. E. T. Aitchison, Journ. Linn. Soc., x., 69-101.
On the Geographical Distribution of Ferns. By J. G. Baker, Trans,
Linn. Soc., xxvi., 305-352.
A new Flora of Northumberland and Durham, with sketches of its ——
Climate and Physical dE By J. G. Baker and R, Tate, Nat.
Hist. Trans. North. and Durh., ii :
DEM on v ege meten Jour. Mis 8, I
25
Note on the Stigmatic Apparatus of Goodenoviex. By the same,
l.c., 203-206.
[Address to e Er SRE . By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc.,
* 1867-66, pp. lvi
The Genera g — African Plants. By W. H. Harvey, Ed. II.
[ Posthumous] edited by J. D. Hooker
Cultivation of Hb ciel Orchids, [By W. B. Hemsley], Gard.
Chron. (1868), 710. - EP eia.
On the Vegetable Productions of Abyssinia. By the same, Journ.
Trav. Nat. Hist., i., 309-318.
Notes on the Flora of UM iad the _ Journ. Bot., vi., 194-
96; 258-268. -
n Seeds and § plings of Forest Trees. By J. D; Hooker, Canadian
Naturalist iii., 453-457.
Synopsis of the South African Restiacex, By M. T. Masters, Journ.
Linn. Soc., x., 209-279.
A List of the Musci collected by the Rev. Thomas Powell in the
ieee na ce Islands. By W. Mitten, Journ. Linn. COO R3
166-195.
. Phanerogamia and Vascular Cpto [of R. Brown’s E
Discoana]. By D. Oliver, Trans. Bot. Soc., Edinb., ix., 447—452
Flora of Tropical Africa, vol. i., Ranunculace» to eor. By
the same, assisted by other botanists,
Botanical Magazine, vol. xciv.
Icones plantarum, vol. xi., t. 1026-1050.
Guide to the Museums, ed. IV. i
pee. — . E . . .. 186%
1869.:
A —— of the Plants of the Punjab and Sindh. By J. E. T.
Aitchison
diiz of the Ferns and their Allies, Med in. the Royal
Gardens of Kew. Prepared by J. G. Baker, 1
Review of the genus Narcissus. By the same, Gard. Chron. emi
i, p. 416-417; ii, 529; iii, 686- 687 ; iv., EOIS; *., 1,186
Yl dEdeenass a
Abstract in Feuer: Bot, viii. (1870), 27-36; 100-117,
A Monograph of British Roses. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
xi., 197-243.
Flora Australiensis. By Œ. Bentham, vol. iv, |
[Address to the Linnean Society.] By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc.,
1868-69, pp. Ixv.-c. (Geographical Biology).
On the true Fuchsia coccinea of Aitom, By J. D. Hooker, Journ
Linn. Soc., x., 458-461 em a
27
“Notes on Stictei in the Kew Museum. By C. Knight, Journ. Linn.
Soc., xi., 243-246,
On the Shan of the ae 2 the Genus Napoleona. By M. T.
Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc., x., 492—504.
Musci either en W. Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc., xii.
First Book of Indian Botany. By D. Oliver.
Botanical Magazine, vol. xcv.
Beport-.4 4: ofor . 92: 1858
1870.
m Roses [an abstract]. By J. G. Baker, Journ. Bot, viii.,
4-265.
9
On Zosa x re Thuill. and other new or en fortis of
British Roses. By the same, l.c., 77-80. -
On the World-distribution of the British el ott HE By the
same, l.c., 182-189.
On a new form of Myosotis from Sussex. [M. collina, var.
Mittenii.] By the same, l.c., 7245.
On the British Dactyloid Saxifrages. By the same, l.c., 280-290.
A Revision of the Genera and Species of Herbaceous Capsular Gamo-
phyllous.Liliacem. By the same, Journ, Linn, Soc., xi., 349-436.
Flora Australiensis. By G. Bentham, vol. v.
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis. Leguminose II. Swartzier, Casalpiniex,
vol. xv., pars 11., pp. 1-259. By the same.
On the Progress of Botany during 1869. Anniversary Address to
the Linnean Society, 24th May 1870. . By the same, Proe. Linn. Söe.,
1869-70, pp. Ixxv.-xeiv.; pin ii., 91-92, 110, 113.
On Spontaneous Generation and Evolution. By W. T. Thiselton-
Dyer, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc., x., 333—354.
Nepenthes. By J. D. Hooker, Nature, iii., 147-148.
The Student's Flora of the British Islands. By the same.
"Ginseng. By piace Jackson, Gard. Chron. (1870); 1.184. repr.
Pharm. Journ., Ser. ITI., i., 208-209
Botanical Magazine, vol. xevi.
eleme
Icones Plantarum, vol. xi., t. 1051-1075,
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXV.
-Bepott. acci oclo on xx ved STD.
28
On the Dispersion of montane Plants over the hills of the North of
England By the same, l.c., 260—270.
On the Botany of the Lizard Peninsula. By the same, l.c., 353-358.
A new Resin md all the known Lilies. By the same, Gard. Chron.,
(1871), i. p. 104; 201-202 ; iii., 479-480; iv., 708-709 ; v. 903 ;
m 1035; vii., "1164-1 165 ; vil, 1325; ix., 1422; £a 1650-51.
(Index on last page.)
==>
Notes on the ba hey of Australian Proteacex. By G. Bentham, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xiii., 58-64.
Anniversary diram to the Linnean SOUS, By the same, Proc.
Linn. Soc., 1870-71, pp. xxxiv.-Ixxviii.; Nature, iv., 92-94, 110-114,
150-152, 170-172, 192-194. :
Revision of the genus Cassia. -By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc.,
xxvii., 503-591.
Notes of Plants of the a are of Oxford. By W. T. Thiselton-
Dyer, Journ. Bot. ix., 145-1
On Brassica polymorpha, Syme. By the same, l.c., 193-196.
Fungi parasitic on Vaccinium Vitis-tdea. By the same, l.c., 328—
9
Structure of Fossil Cryptogams, By the same, Nature, iv., 444—445.
Exogenous Structure in Coal Plants. By the same, l.c., 504-505.
On homoplastic Agreements in Plants. By the same, l.c., 507-508.
On the minute Anatomy of the Stem of the Screw-pine; Pandanus
utilis, By the same, Rep. Brit. a xli, (Sect.) 128; Quart. Journ.
Micr. Sc., xii. (1872), 50-55; 288-
On the so-called * Mimicry” in Plants, By the same, Rep. Brit.
Assoc., l.c., 128-129; Nature, iv., 507-5
n Polygonum nodosum. By W.T. npe and H. Trimen,
Journ. Bot., ix., 33—38.
On the forms and distribution over the world of the Batrachium
Section of TT CR By W. P. Hiern, Journ. Bot, ix., 43-49;
65-69 ; 97-107.
Botany. By the late W. J. Hooker (Revised for this edition -
J. D. Hooker) Admiralty Manual of Scientifie Enquiry, ed. IV.
Nepenthes. — J. s Hooker. [Reprinted from Nature iii., 1870.]
Journ. Bot., ix.,
Ascent of the Atlas + Range. By the same, Rep. Brit. Assoc., xli.
(Sect.), 179-180 ; Proc. R. Geog, Soc., xv., 219-221,
The cultivation of Opium in China. By J. R. Jackson, Pharm. Journ.,
Ser. III., 782-783.
Notes on some Eastern Varnish Trees. By the same, l.c., ii., 61.
The Uses of the genus Cyperus. By the same, l.c., 502-503.
29
s cultivation and use of the Dandelion in India. By the same,
l.c., 524.
Flora of T Africa, vol. ii. Leguminose to Ficoider. By D.
Oliver, and others
Les Melastomaeées . . . Par J. Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc.,
xxviii, 1-188.
Trees in Kew Gardens [an extract from the Kew Report for
1870] Journ. Bot., ix., 249-251
Botanical Magazine, vol. xevii.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xi., t. 1076-1100.
Guide to the Museums, ed. V.
HOM . | . MF. . . 190.
1872.
Study of Wood T MEO [Scilla]. By J. G. Baker, Gard.
eie (1872), 1038-1039.
Reprinted, in Journ. Bot, x. 270-274.
On the Botany of the exe Peninsula. By the same (continued),
Journ. Bot., x. 14-16; 35
On Symea, a new genus of triandrous Liliace from Chili. By the
same, l.c., 65-66.
Revision of the nomenclature and arrangement of the Cape Specie of
Anthericum. By the same, l.c., 99-101; 135-141.
On a new b Acrostichum. By the same, l.c., 146.
On Dasylirion and Beaucarnea. By the same, l.c., 296-299 ; 323-
329.
On a new Asplenium from Cape Colony. By the same, l.c., 362-
363
Revision of the Genera and pm of sp and Chlorogales. By
the same, Journ, Linn. Soc., xiii., 209-292
Enumeration of the cultivated! varieties of Lilium thunbergia
y J. G. Baker and W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, r, Gard. Chron. (1872), 1. 1356 ;
reprinted with corrections in Journ. Bot., xi. (1573), 21-23.
Anniversary Address to the Linnean Society. By G. Bentham, Proc.
Linn. Soc., 1871-72, pp. xxxiii.lvii.; (abridged) Nature vi., 111-118,
131-133.
On Thlaspi Led enim Linn. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Cotteswold
Club Proc., v. 271-272, 273-276.
the Germination of Trope@olum. By the same, Gard. Chron.
dem 218; reprinted in Journ. Bot., x. (1872), 112-114.
On some Coniferous Remains from the Litho rd of
iala. By the same, Geol. Mag., ix., oe
30
On le Fossil Wood from the Lower Eocene. By the same, l.c.,
241-2
On a substance known as “ Australian Caoutchouc.” By the same,
Journ. Bot., x., 103-106.
On “ Tyloses,” the cellular filling up of.vessels. By the same, Le.
321-323.
Mayer and De Saussure. By the same, Nature, v., 181.
Botanical Terminology. By the same, lec., vi., 455.
Ee Analysis of the Phanerogamia and Fern Flora of Sussex.
By W.B. Hemsley, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1872, p. 128-129 (abstract);
Journ. Bot., x., 299-302.
Kew Gardens and the National Herbarium. By J. D. Hooker,
Nature, vii., 45-46, 103. ce
The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hitter, assisted by various
Botanists. Part I.
The E Callitris. By T R. UT Pharm. Venet Ser.
ILI, ii., 623.
Notes on the properties of the: Geraniez.. € ara same, 1 c., 144-
745
“Poisonous ptopertion of Jatropha urens: -By the mo» Le., 863-
864.
The Economic and Medicinal value of the Genus Rhus. By the
same, l.c., 98:
The Medicinal Properties of the Cow Trees of South America. By
the same, 1. pi iii. RI M
Kew Gard Speech of Sir John Lubbock . the
House of f Commons, Aug. NN 1872. -Extracted from Bins "Parl.
Debates
of us Plants collected during the Journey of the late | Ceptein J
Speke and Captain ss Lieut.-Col,) J. from Zanzibar to
Egypt. e Determinations and Descriptions by Professor Oliver
and others connected with the Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew, with
an Introductory Preface, Alphabetical List "of Native Names, and Notes
by Colonel Grant. Part I. Trans. Linn. Soc., xxix., 1-69,
Botanical Magazine, vol. xcviii.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xii, t. 1101-1125.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXVI.
Report . . . for . . . 1871; reprinted in Journ. Bot., x.,
180-181.
Return House of Lords . . . relating to changes pro-
posed to be introduced into the Direction and. Manageme "dn the
Gardens at Kew, &e. Return, Commons, pp. 177. ^ =
1873.
Martius, Flora onines vi, pars IL, Composite, Vernoniacex.
Auct. J. G. Baker
A Review of the known Species of Crocus. . By the same, Gard.
Chron. (1873), I., p. 107 ; IT., 179; ITI., 291-292 ; IV., 434—436 ; V.,542—
543; V1., 609; VIL. , 680 ; Vill, 1402-1403 ; LX 1431-1432 ; e , 1406-
1467 ; XY: 1533 ; XIL,
New Ferns from Lord Howe’s Island. By the same, Journ. Bot.,
xi., 16-17.
On Rosa apeninna, Woods. By the same, l.c., 35-36.
Supplementary Contributions to the Flora of North Cornwall. By
the same, l.c., 97-
On e n a new Genus of Liliacee from Cape Colony. By
the same, l.c.,
w Genus of Ferns of the tribe Aspleniew, from the Solomon
Islands "T Diplora]. By the same, l.c., 235.
Synopsis of the ae Indian ee of Dracena and Cordyline. By
the same, l.c., 261-266.
On the Recent Synonyms of Brazilian Ferns, By the same, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xiv., 12-27.
Descriptions of some New Species, a pire and. Varieties of
Plants collected in Morocco by J. D. Hooker, G! Maw, and J. Ball.
By J. Ball, Journ. Bot., xi., 267-273; 306-207 ; 322-335; , 364-3 374.
"Flora Australiensis, By G. Bentham, vol. vi.
Notes on the ee ae’ History, and Geographical. Distribution
of Composite. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xiii, 335-577.
[Anniversary Address to the Linnean Society. | By the same, Proc.
Linn. Soc., 1872-73, pp. viii.-xxix
Mos C Address by the President [at the Inauguration of the New
partments of the Linnean Society]. By the same, Le, 1873-74,
pp. i—-v. d t ix., 30-32.
The National Herbaria. By e T. E RERUM, T omis vii,
243-245 s
On stem-structure of the dbi P CODOGiacete, ‘By the
same, Qut Journ. Mier. Se., xiii., 152-156
Handbook of Hardy Trees, Shrubs, and Herbaceous Plants, con-
taining descriptions, native countries, ete., and a selection of the best
species in cultivation . ased on the French work of Messrs.
Decaisne and Naudin, entitled * Manuel ^ Tania des Jardins, we.
ey.
. Also issued with a new title page dated 1877.
dA Ec
eiii Boone Mi gen Aei koa xa id
with — aoe D. Hooker. uy
32
The Production of Honey Dew. By J. D. Hooker, Entomologist,
64.
vi., 460-
On Melianthus trimenianus, Hook. f., and the affinities of Greyia
Sutherlandi. By the same, Journ. Bot., xi., 353-358.
Notes on some Plants from Smith Sound collected by Dr. Bessels.
By the same, in “A Whaling Cruise to Baffin’s Bay," by A. H.
Markham, p. 296. Reprinted in Manual . . . for the use of
the Arctic expedition of 1875, p. 321.
A v em ene of Ebenaces. By W. P. Hiern, Trans. Camb. Phil.
Soc., xii., par
e Mountain Tea pon odora, Ait.]] By J. R. Jackson,
in Journ., Ser, III.
The Medicinal Plants ot N ew Zealand. By the same, l.c., 662-663.
Churrus. By the same, l.c., 764.
Notes on the medicinal plants of the Rutaceæ. By the same, l.c.,
951-953.
Note on Liatris odoratissima. By the same, l.c., iv., 322.
African Tea Plants. By the same, l.c., 421.
On Begoniella, à new Genus of Tc from New Granada.
By D. Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soe., xxviii., 513-514
Descriptions of Three New Genera of Plants in the men Her-
barium of the late Dr. A. C. Maingay. By the same, l. c., 615—518
The Botany of the Speke and Grant Expedition
Oliver and others. Part II. Trans. Linn. Soc., xxix., 70-103.
Botanical Magazine, vol. xcix.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xii., t. 1126-1175.
1872; partly reprinted in Journ.
Bep ^ 74
Bot., xi., 210-212.
1874.
On Hardy Sempervivums. By J. G. Baker, Gard. Chron. N.S., ii.
(1874), 103-104 ; reprinted in Journ. Bot., xii., 343-348
On New and Tuc known Capsular Gamophyllous Liliaceæ. By the
same, Journ. Bot., xii, 3-8.
On the sinet y ed Rue North American species of Cheilanthes.
By the same, l.c.,
On New Draesnae from Tropical Africa. By the same, l.c., 164-
167.
On a New Species of Flugyea from the East Himalayas. By the
same, l.c., 174.
33
On Two New Species of Pellea from Namaqualand. By the same,
l.c., 199-200
On the Genus Androcymbium, with Descriptions of seven new Species.
By the same, l.c., 243-246.
On a New Species of Heloniopsis from Formosa [err. typ. Heleniop-
sis]. By the same, l.c., 278.
^ the Alliums of India, China, and Japan. By the same, l.c., 289-
E oux ud cd Species of Seillee and other Liliacee. By the
same, l.c., 363-3
Revision of the Genera and Pei ge of Tulipee. By the same,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 211-310
On the recent progress and present zv eg Systematic Botany. By
G. Bentham, Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1879), 27 É
A Revision of the Genera ias and Dipterocarpus. By
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Journ. Bot., xii, 97-108.
Remarks upon M. Vesque’s New Species [of the foregoing genera].
By the same, l.c., 152-154.
Note on some Indian Dipterocarpee. By the same, l.c., 154.
On the Perigynium and Seta of Carer. By the same, Journ. Linn.
Soc., xiv., 154-156. ;
Note on the foregoing communication [7.e. H. N. Mosrtey, on Fresh-
water Algae, obtained at the Boiling Springs at res St. Michael's,
yon &e. |. y the same, l.c., 326-327.
The Tree-aloes of South Africa. By the same, Nature, £n 89-91.
Liquidambar Trees. By W.B. H[emsley], Gard. Chron. N.S, ii,
177-178. `
Exploration of the Libyan Desert. By the samo, l.c., 646-647,
743.
Notes on Ebenaceæ ; with descriptions of a new pacias [Diospyros
Burchellii]. By W. P. Hiern, Journ. Bot., xii., 238-240
On the subalpine vegetation of Kilima-njaro, E. Africa. mé Je D...
Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 141-146. Sa
The Carnivorous Habits of Plants. [Address to Bot. and Zool.
Sect.] By the same, Rep. Brit. Assoc, d &c., 102-116; Nature,
ty 366-372 ; Revue Scient., vii., 481-
The Flora of British India. By isi same. Part 2.
Synopsis Filieum. Ed. II. By W. J. Hooker and J. G. Baker.
Notes on the Areca Palm. Areca Catechu, L. By J, R. Jackson, -
Pharm. Journ., Ser. III, iv., 689,
Notes on the medicinal plants of the Scrophulariaces. By the same,
l.c., 1033-1034. -
'The uses of ue americana. By the same, l.e., v Stee d ee
u 94256
34
ced of Botany. By J. Lindley and T. Moore, New and
The T
revised edition
selton-Dyer and J. R. Jackson were among the contributors to
B. H.).
adis Thi Ja
the A ere supplement of this edition (W. B
List of plants collected by H. N. Moseley, M.A., in Kerguelen’s
Land, Marion Island, and Yong Island. By D. Oliver, Journ. Linn.
Soc., xiv., 389-390.
tributions to Orchidology. By H. G. Reichenbach, fil. I. New
Orchids, discovered by the Rev. C. Parish, at Moulmein. Journ. Bot.,
xii., 196-199,
Enumeration of the Orchids collected by the Rev. E. C. Parish i in the
neighbourhood of Moulmein, with Descriptions of the new Species. By
the same, Trans, Linn. Soc., xxx., 133-155.
w African Genus of LBs ele ir [Angolea]. By H.A.
valen Sod: Linn. Soc., xiv., 208-2
Botanical Magazine, vol. c.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xii., t., 1176-1200.
Report . . . for . . . 1878. Extract iu. Journ. Bot.) xii.,
208-210.
1875.
Elementary Lessons A Botanical Gospi: By J. G. B[aker],
Gard: Chron., N.S., iii, I., 8-9; IL, 76-78; TIL, 138-139; IV., 202~
2 ; We D 3 . ; " 5
IX., 621-622; N.S., iv., X., 101- 177-179. Reprinted also
with slight alterations in Cio Pu Hes
On E. Botanical origin of Attar of Roses. By the same, Journ.
Bot.,
On a new Xiphioh from the Punjaub. By the same, l.e., 108.
On Lindsaya viridis - Colenso ; an undescribed New Zealand Fern.
By the same, Le., 108-1
On the Botanical Characteristics of the Zones of Moisture. By the
same, l.c., 184—189. (Reprinted from the Gard. Chron., N.S., iii., 621-
622.)
On a Collection ar Pe gathered in Central China by Dr. Shearer,
By the same, l.c.,
Descriptions of three new Brazilian Vernoniacew. By the same, l.c.,
202-204.
a of the African Species of Xerophyta. By the same, l.c.,
231-23
- On a new Species of Sedum [S. Millii} discovered xh the late John
Stuart Mill in Asia Minor. By the same, l.e., 236-237.
= a Collection of Chinese Ferns gathered by Mr. J. F. xem: :
e same, l.c., 291—292.
35
anew Tulipa | T. erythronioides] from China, with the habit of
an I ylroniim. By the same, l.c., 292.
On the rarer Plants of. Central Somersetshire, eo on the vette
there of Althea hirsuta. By the same, l.c., 357—
Revision of the Genera E iiw of UCET. By the same,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 508-6
Descriptions of some new "Eos of Plants colleeted in
Morocco, &c. (continued). By J. Ball, Journ. Bot., xiii., 172-177;
204-206. i
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, xiii., pars rrt. Polygalaceæ. Auctore
A. W. Bennett.
Notes on the Gamopetalous Orders belonging to the Campanulaceous
and Oleaceous Groups. By G. Bentham, Journ. Linn. Soc., xv., 1-16.
Revision of the Sub-order Mimoseæ. By the same, Trans. Linn.
Soc., xxx
The Nari its only and culture By F. W. Burbidge.
To which is added a scientific review of the entire genus. By J.G.
Baker. [From Gard. Chron. (1869)].
On the Classification and Sexual Reproduction of Thallophytes. 2:
W.T. Thiselton-Dyer. (Revised and reprinted from Quart. Journ.
Se., July 1875.)
All the Lilies. [An abstract witb wood- cuts from J. G. Haken] By
W. B. Hemsley, Garden, vii., 297-3 i
The Yuccas. By the same, The ee viii, 129-134.
The Magnolias, and their Allies. By the same, l.c., 269-271.
Half-hours at Kew.** By W.B. H[emsley]. Gard. Chron., N.S., iii., T.,
141-142 ; IT. 335; III. Acacias, 814—815; IV. Acacias, le, iv. 130-
131; V. 231-232; VI. Rare or interesting shrubs and trees, ’ 329-330 :
VII., Oaks, 455-456 ; VII. 550-551.
Fuchsias. By the same, Gard, Chron, N.S., iii., p. 179-180, iv.,
p+ 323. : -
Planes. By the same, l.c,, 427—428. suni Lida
petens of heat on plants. By the — it ivy S04. oae RAE
I à 3 aond Flo — B. Godin - i Was. m
Am. oT : Piura di OR "ms , XL MW
rther j Ebenacem, with description of a new species
iiti diversifolia]. By W. P. Hiern, Journ. Bot. xiii., 353-357.
On the discovery of Phylica arborea, Thouars, a tree of Tristan
d'Acunha, in Amsterdam Island, in the S. Indian Ocean, with an
enumeration of the Phanerogams and Vascular Oryptogams of that-
island and of St. Paul. By J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 474-480.
-Observations on some Indian oi of Garcinia. By pe — |
l.c., 484—486. er :
On Hydnora americana, R. Br. By the same, s 182-186. i
c?
36
Evidences of os Glaciers in Central France. By the same,
Nature, xiii.,
Instructions in Botany. By the same. In Manual of the Natural
History of Greenland, for the use of the Arctic expedition of 1875, ed. by
Prof. T. R. Jones, p. 62-67.
The first part of the * Outlines of the Distribution of Arctic Plant
By the same. (Reprinted from Trans, Linn. Soc., xxiii. (1861), 251-
348), l.c., 197-238.
Address . . . tothe Royal Society. 30th November 1875.
The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 3.
Vanilla. By J. R. Jackson, Pharm. Journ., Ser. III., v., 885-886.
Zebra Wood. ae the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., iii, 750; Pharm.
Journ., l.c., 1009
Ginseng Siin x: milena of Nees ”). mf eo same, Gard. Chron.,
N.S., iv., 71-72; rm. Journ., Ser. III., vi., 86-88.
Notes on some medicinal plants of the papar By the same, l.c.,
2-464.
Remarks on the Structure, Affinities, and Distribution ef the Genus
Aristolochia, with et 1s of some hitherto unpublished Species.
By M. T. Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv., 487—495.
Monographie Sketch of the Durionesw. By the same, l.c., 495-508.
Description of some new Phanerogamia collected by Dr. Shearer at
Kiukiang, China. By S. L. Moore. Journ. Bot. xiii. 225-231
The Wild Flora of Kew Gardens and Pleasure Grounds. pe a.
Nicholson, Journ. Bot., xiii., 9-12, 42—49, 71-77.
Phanerogamia and Vascular Cryptogamia. By D. Oliver. In :
Manual of the Natural History . . . of Greenland . . . for the Use
of the Aretie Expedition of 1875 . . ., ed. by Prof. T. R., Jones,
pp. 268-272
Note on a Fruit from Comassi, collected by Lieut. De Hoghton, and
sent to Kew by Major Bulger. By D. Oliver. Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv.,
451-458.
List of Plants collected in New Guinea by Dr. A. B. Meyer, sent to
Kew, December 1874. By the same, l.c., xv., 29-30.
Phanerogamia and Vascular Cryptogamia o. Disco ee By the
same. Repr. in Manual of the Natural Histo Greenland,
from 'Trans. Bot. Bie; Edinb., ix. (1868).
The Botany of the Speke a Grant Expedition . . . Part IIT. By
D. Oliver and others. Trans. Linn. Soc., xxix., 104-178.
On the Diatomaceous Gatherings made at Kerguelen's Land by
H. N. Moseley, H.M.S. * Challenger.” By E. O'Meara, Journ. Linn.
SoC., xv., 59-59.
Historia Filicum ; an parue of the Nature, Number, and €—
graphy of Ferns, &c. Smith. i
Botanical Magazine, à ci.
37
Guide to the Gardens, ed. XXVI. Museum, ed. VII.
Report . . . for . . . 1874. Extracts in Journ. Bot., xiii.,
313-315.
1876.
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, vi, pars 1r. Composite, 2. Eupa-
toriaceex. Auctore J. G. Baker.
A Synopsis of the known Species of Iris. By the same. Gard, Chron.,
N.S., v., I., 526-527; IL, 559; III., 623-624 ; IV., 692; V., 723; VI.,
787-788; vi. VIL, 8; VIIL, 143-144; [IX.], VIT., 226; [X.]
VIIL, 323-324; [XL], IX., 517-518; [XT] Xu 83-584 ; [XIII],
XL, 614-615; [XIV.], XII r2 XIIL, 70 x
806, 807. (Index on last page x
On a Collection of Ferns made in e by the Rev. S. J. Whitmee.
By the same, Journ. Bot., xiv., 9-13
On two new Amaryllidacee from Natal. By the same, l.c., 66.
On the genus Syringodea, Hook. fil. By the same, l.c., 66-67.
On new Bulbous Plants from the Eastern Provinces of Cape Colony.
By the same, l.c., 181-184.
On Chlamydostylus, a new genus of Iridacez, from tropical America,
and its Allies. By the same, l.c., 184-188.
New Species of Ixiew. By the same, l.c., 286-239.
n a new zc and Crocus from the Cilician Taurus. By the
same, l.c., 265-266.
New Aristee and Sisyrinchia. By the same, l.c., 267-269.
New Gladiolee. By the same, l.c., 333—339.
On a second Collection of Ferns in Samoa by the Rev. S. J.
Whitmee. By the same, l.c., 342-
On the Polynesian Ferns of the * dee $ eene By the
same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xv., 104-112.
Revision of the Genera and Species of Anthericeæ and Emm,
By the same, l.c., 253—363.
On a Collection of Ferns made by Mr, William Pool in the interior of
Madagascar. By the same, l.c., 411—422.
Teen Flora Brasiliensis, Leguminose,] II. Mimosee (xv., pars II.,
p. 260, to end). Auctore G, Bentham,
The Fungi, ie Brazil, including those colleeted by J. W. H. Trail
Esq., M.A. 1874. "By M. J. Berkeley and M. c Cooke, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xv., 363-398.
New Plants of 1875 : corn described, or exhibited. [By N. E 2
the Gardene Year Book ME n 1876, by
R. Hogg, pp. 127-163. |
38
On the Plant yielding Latakia Tobacco. By W, T. Thiselton-Dyer,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xv., 246-247. .
n the genus Hoodia, with a Diagnosis of a new Species [Z7.
Barkly) By the same, Le. ., 248-252.
m Physical Geography, By the same, Nature, xiii., 310-
311 DATE
e Classification of the Vegetable Kingdom. [A Lecture at the
Royal Tisitoton. ] By the same, l.c., xiv., 293-296.
Lebanon and its Cedars. By W. B. Hemsley, Garden, ix., 56.
"Ethionema grandiflorum [with an Account of the Genus]. By the
same, l.c., 108-109.
Calochortus venustus [with a Conspectus of the Genus].. By the
same, l.c., 132—135.
The various Races of Garden Fuchsias. By the same, l.c., 284—286.
Ceratozamias. By W. B. H[emsley |], l.c., 308—310.
ze Salvias or Sages. By the same, le. 480-434 (Index on last
page).
The genus Raphiolepis. By the same, l.c., 596-597. —
The Passion-flowers. By the same, l.c., x., 12-20 ( Index at end).
The Mutisias. By the same, l.c., 134-135.
A graceful Wall or Rock Shrub: Desmodium ho iflorum (Les-
pedeza bicolor var. Sieboldii). By the same, l.c., 216
The Hydrangeas. By the same, l.c., 264—260.
The Cannas. By the same, l.c., 406-408.
The Tillandsias or Air-plants. By the same, Le., 466-467
The Irises. By the same, l.c., 526-532 (Index at end).
wie way in which Plants Feed. By the same. Gard. Chron., N.S.,
i: d
A few Corrections for and Additions to the “ Outline of the Flora of
Sussex.” By the same, Journ. Bot., xiv., 47-49.
The items Fuchsias of South EN with Descriptions of four
— . By the same, l.c.,
No ‘some Chinese Plants, with Descriptions of a few new
Species. By the same, l.c., 205-2 0.
Notes on the Botany of the paid re der) Grass-plots in Rothamsted
Park, Herts. By the same, l.c., 299-30
South Kensington Loan Collection. Instruments and Apparatus
ite ‘By th in Investigations concerning some of the Phenomena of Plant-
life. e same, Journ. Soc. Arts, xxv., 13-17.
On i African Species ofthe Genera Coffea, Linn. din W. P. Hjem,
Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. TI., i., 169-176,
39
Plante Abyssiniee . ... Auctore W, Vatke. [A reviews} By
the same. Journ. Bot., xiv., 58-62.
Primer of Botany. By J. D. Hooker.
Address to the Royal eia ea wei 1875). Scientific work of
the year. By the same, Proc. R. Soc., xxiv., 72-94.
The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 4.
Princewood bark, a febrifuge from the Bahamas. By J. R. Jackson,
Pharm. Journ., Ser. IIL, vi., 681.
Another note on Rhubarb. By the same, l.c., 966.
Notes on the Drugs collected by the Prince of Wales in India. By
the skitsa vii., 29-130.
Fenugreek. By the same, &c., l.c., 157.
xd Chicle fs gum and Monesia bark. By the same, l.c., 409.
Notes on Mascarene Orchidology. By S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot.,
xiv., 289.992.
On the Orchids collected at the Island of Bourbon during the Transit
of Venus Expedition, by Dr. I. B. Balfour. By the same, l.c., 292-291.
On Coinochlamys, a West African genus of Acanthacee. By the
same, l.c., 321—323.
Occurred of Staminal Pistillody in an Acanthad. By the same,
Journ. Linn. Soe., xv., 86-90.
The Musei and Hepatiee collected by H. N. Moseley, M.A.,
ANaturalist to H.M S. “Challenger.” By W. Mitten, Nur Linn.
Soc., xv. (1876), 59-73.
A List of the Musci and Hepatice collected in Kerguelen's Land
by the Rev. A. E. Eaton, M.A. By the same, l.c., 193-197.
Enumeration of Plants collected by V. Lovett Cameron, Lieut. R.N.,
in the region about Lake Tanganyika.: By D. Oliver, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Xv., 90-97
Note on a Collection of North-Celebes Plants made by Dr. Riedel, of
Gorontalo. By the same, l.c., 97-1
Descriptions of new species and varieties of Palms collected in the
valley of the Amazon in North Brazil in 1874. By J. W. €—
Journ, Bot., xiv., 323-333; 353-359.
Botanical Magazine, vol. cii.
Report . . . for . . . 1875. Extracts in Journ. Bot, xiv.,
270-274. à
1877.
anak of Mauritius and the Seychelles, By J, G. Baker. -
MN LL series of Colonial Floras. Native spent, described 1058, of :
accounted endemic. Aa B.H) aes
40
The genus Agave. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., me 171,
393, 368-369, 527-529, 620-622, 717-718; viii., "30-41,
202, 264, 397-398, 490, 556-558, 620, 682-683, 717, 748, "180-781,
807-808 (Index and key on last page).
New Ferns from the Andes of Quito. By the same, Journ. Bot., xv.,
161-168.
On the Brazilian Species of Alstremeria [err. typ. Alstromeria].
By the same, 1.c., 259-262.
Two new Ferns from Japan. By the same, Le., 366,
Systema Iridacearum. By the e same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvi., 6l- 180;
also separate copies with original pagination. (C ontains. descriptions of
the genera; and an enumeration of the species with synonymy.)
On a Collection of Ferus made by ET uen Gilpin in the interior
of Madsgusokt. By the same, l.c., 197-2
On grin and Cordyline. By the same [1872], Journ. R. Hort.
Soc., N.S., 27-30.
A classified penes List of ma known Lilies, with their native
ies, and Keferences to the Works where they are figured. By
the same [1873 ?], l.c., 39-48.
A classified Synonymic List of all the known Crocuses, with their
native countries, and references to the Works where they are figured.
By the same [1874 ?], l.c., 111-119.
Descriptive Notes on a few of Hildebrandt’s East African Plants.
By J. G. Baker and S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot., xv., 65--72.
— -On some Questions of Botanical Nomenclature. By J. Ball, Journ.
Bot., xv., 357-360.
Spici ilegium Flore Maroccane. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
xvi. (1877), 281-376 (concluded in 1878).
Review of the British Species and sub-species of Polygala, By
_A. W. Bennett, Journ. Bot., xv., 168-174.
On the Distribution of the } ieri nint Orders into Primary
Groups, more rupes in reference to the Australian Flora, with notes
on some points of Terminology, by v. Bentham, Journ. "Linn. oC.,
520.
New Plants of 1876. ET N. E. Brown. i the Gardeners’ Year Book
and Almanack, 1877, by R. Hogg, p. 151-169.
Revision of the Kerguelen weg collected by Dr. Hooker. By
Rev. J. M. Crombie, Journ. Bot., xv., 101-107.
[ Sp on Honeydew.] By W. ication: Journ. R. Hort, Soc.,
N.S., iv., 6-7.
On recent progress in the scientific aspects of Horticulture, By the
same, [1872], l.c., 9-16.
Report of the Professor of Botany. By the same [1873], Le.,
37-38.
he species of Fuchsia. By W. B. Hemsley, Garden, xi., 70-75
. (Index at end).
41
Hardy Cacti. By the same, l.c., 274-275.
Edraianthus and its congeners. By the same, l.c., 314-315.
Hardy Azaleas. By the same, l.c., 428-429.
The St. John’s Worts. By the same, l.c., xii., 280-281.
Rigid-leaved Yucca ( Y. treculeana). By the same, l.c., 328-329.
The genus Clematis. By the same, l.c., 400-403.
School Gardens in Sweden. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., vii.,
201-202.
Rapid rise of Water in Plants. By the same, l.c., viii., 135 -136.
Influence of Light on Plant-growths. By the same, l.c., 137-139.
The D a RUN of Spiral-direction in Plants. By W. P. H[iern],
Journ. Bo , 92-93.
Third Notes on Ebenaces; with ME of a new species [Maba
samoensis]. By the same, T c., 97-1
On the Peculiarities and Distribution of ott in Tropical Africa.
By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvi., 248—
Notes on the Botany of the Rocky Mountains. By J. D. Hooker,
Nature, xvi., 539-540; Am. Journ. Se., Ser. III., xiv., 505-509 ; Arch.
Se. Phys. Nat. lxiii., 240-247.
Presidential Address, Nov. 1876. By the same, Proc. R. Soc., xxv.,
339-362.
Note on the Uses of a commercial Cane termed “ Mig id 7 species
of Phyllostachys. By J. R. Jackson, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Notes on some of the Pharmaceutical Products adi in the
Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876. By the same, Pharm. Journ., Ser.
III., vii., 997-998, 1037-1039.
teen on the Disarticulation of Branches. By R. I. Lynch, Journ.
nn. Soc., xvi., 180-183.
Note on the Blimbing (Averrhoa Bilimbi, Linn.). By the same,
l.c., 231-232.
List of rd collected by the Rev. A. E. Eaton at the Cape of
Good Hope. By W. Mitten, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvi., 187-196.
Alabastra Diversa, auctore S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot., xv., 289-298.
List of flowering plants from Ellesmere Land and Grinnell Land
[ collected during the Voyage of the ** Alert" and ** Discovery " under
Capt. Sir G. S. Nares, in 1865-76]. By D. Oliver, Narrative, vol. ii.,
pp. 310-312.
Note on specimens of Hibiscus allied to H. Rosa-sinensis, i collected
in E. Ae Africa, with remarks. By the same, Journ, Linn. ke ied
“Fora of Mc. Africa, vol iii. Umbelliferz to Ebenaceæ. By oe
D. — pe
42
Two new Orchids from Samoa, collected by the Rev. S. J. Whitmee.
By H. G. Reichenbach, fil., Journ. Bot., xv., 132-133.
New Palms collected in the Valley of the Amazon in North Brazil, in
1874. By J. W. H. Trail, Journ. Bot., xv., 1-10; 40-49; 75-81.
Some Remarks on the Synonymy of Palms of the Amazon Valley.
By the same, Le., 129-132.
Botanical Magazine, vol. ciii.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xiii., t. 1201-1250.
Report . . . for 1877; cf. Journ. Bot., xv., 243-246.
1878.
A Synopsis of the known ye of Aquilegia. By J aker,
Gard. i NOS X1, p.19:20: Ii 76; HI, IU Lv. 1 203.
(Key sud Tias on last page.)
| _The Species of Colchicum, : By the same, l.c., 527. =
n the Rediscovery of the genus. Eustephia of Cavanilles, Ey the
"—- Journ. Bot. 2 xyi.,
On two new Genera. of EROR, Cope Colony. By the
same, l.c., 74-77.
New Composite from Monte Video. By the same, l.c., 77-79.
An eina tad Classification of the Species of Hippeastrum.
By the same,
A new an to the Genera of Amaryllidacee. By the same, Lc.,
161-169.
On the new imni Ae a of the Welwitsch and Schweinfurth Ex-
peditions. By the same, l.c., 195-197.
A. ee: of the Species of Diaphoranthema. By the same, l,c.,
236--2
List of Balansa's Ferns'of Paraguay, with Descriptions of new Species.
By the same, l.e., 299-302.
Descriptions of new and little known Liliacez. By the same, l.c.,
321-326.
— A Synopsis of Colchicaceæ and the aberrant tribes of Liliacem. By
the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 93-120.
Report on the Liliacew, Iridacez, Hypoxidaces, and Hemodoraces
of Welwitsch’s Angolan Herbarium. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc.,
Ser. IL, i., 245-273.
On disputed questions of Botanical Nomenclature, By J. Ball, Journ.
Bot. xvi., 140-142.
a Shr Flore Maroceane, By the same (conclusion). Journ.
nn. Soc., xvi., 377-742. : Lie dur Aoc
jdm
43
Conspectus Polygalarum enara -By A. W. Buts, Journ.
Bot., xvi., 241—246; 266-282
Flora Australiensis. By G. Bentham. Vol. vii. (and last).
Handbook to the British Flora. By the same, ed. IV.
— on Euphorbiacem. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii.,
185-26
Variation in Haworthias. By N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron., N.S., ix.,
p. 820-822.
New Plants of 1877. [By the same.] The Gardeners’ Year Book
and Almanack, 1875, by R. Hogg, p. 150-174.
The Stapeliew of Thunberg's Herbarium, with Décrigdéni of four
new Genera of Stapeliee. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 162-
172.
On two kinds of mc in M Ne By C. B. Clarke,
- Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 159—162.
On the papas of New Guinea, remarks on some other
species. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Journ. gre xvi., 98-103.
The Rain-tree of Moyobamba | North Peru]. By the same, Nature,
xvii, 349-350
Lecture on Plant-distribution as a field for Jeographical Research.
By the same, Proc. R. Geogr, Soc., xxii., 412-445
On the floral-structure d panna of Sapotacex. By M.M. Hartog.
Journ. Bot., xvi., 65-72;
Di: ses Plantarum novarum velminas cognitaram n mexicanaram et
centra P aitiaricknartith: I. Polypetale. Auctore W. B. Hemsley.
The Gardener's Assistant By P. Thompson, new ed. revised
and extended by T. Moore, &c. Hardy deciduous trees, etc. is
Hemsley, 638-674. Annuals and Biennials, &c. By t the same, 723-731,
Plants adapted for Spring and Summer Bedding, &e. By the same,
718-183.
La distribution géographique des plantes. Par W. B. Hemsley.
T: ovp du Garden (17 Nov, 187 p par Mlle. N. = ine xL
i. 266-274, 286-296, 320-353
Garden Botany. ic Garden, xiii., 103-105, 126-129,
145-148, 163—163, 3 198, "011-212, 235-936, 261-263, 287-289,
316-318, 339-341, 365-367, 893-396, 421-424, 438-441, 466-467,
496-499, 524—525, 551-555, 577-581, 603-607, 626-627. xiv. 8-10,
34-36, 68-71, 83-84, 114-116, 138-140, 159-161, 182-185, 205-
207, 226-229, 249-250, 270-272, 292-293. |
Colossal Fig Trees. By the same, l.c., xiii., 528-529.
The Stuartias. By the same, l.c., xiv., 38-39.
: Buddleia insignis. By the same, Le, 349. 3
Holboellia ( Stauntonia) latifolia, By the "— 369. — ended.
Me rosea, fed memini EC
44
The Daphnes of China and Japan. By the same, l.c., 442.
£s Education of Gardeners. By the same.] Gard. Chron., N.S.,
ix., 4
T Vitality of Vegetable Organisms. [By the same], l.c. 80.
Gardening in London three hundred years ago. [Turner's and
- Gerard's gardens.] [By the a l.e., 365-366. -
Recent writings on Palms. By the same, l.c., 407, 431—432.
The Island of Cyprus. [By the same], l.c., x., 75, 106-107.
On a question of Botanical Nomenclature. By W. P, Hiern, Journ.
Bot., xvi., 72-74.
On a new Species of Gardenia as West Tropical Africa [G.
Kalbreyeri]. By the same, l.c., 97-9:
The distribution of the North American Flora. By J. D. Hooker.
Lecture, delivered on April 12, at the Royal Institution. Gard.
Chron JN S., x., p. 140-142; 216-217. Reprinted from the same. 4to.
The Student’s Flora. By the same, ed. II.
Ereeidential Address, November 1877. By ike i same, Proc. R. Soc.,
.» 427-446. Reprinted in Nature, xix., 109-113, 132-135.
The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 5.
= On the poisonous nature of the Cashaw Re te julifiora).
By J. R. Jackson. Gard. Chron., N.S., x.,
Sanguinaire, or Thé Arabe [Algerian Dd zu the same. Pharm.
Journ., Ser. III., viii., 521.
The uses of some of the Indian species of Bassia. By the same, l.c.,
48.
On the Mechanism for the Fertilization of Meyenia eei Benth.
By R. I. Lynch, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii. 145-147.
On the Seed, Structure, and Germination of Pachira aquatica. By
the same, l.c., 14 -148.
St. Eben Pars II. Auctore S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot.,
, 129-138.
aikai note on Coinochlamys. By the same, l.c., 138-140.
A new Species of Fritillaria [F. grayana, Reichb. f. & Baker].
By H. G. Reichenbach, fil., Journ. Bot., xvi., 262-263
Bible Plants; their History, with a Review of the opinions of various
writers regarding their identification. By J. Smith.
Botanical Magazine, vol. civ.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xiii., t. 1251-1275.
Guide to the Gardens, ed, XXVIII.
Report during s 877 (Commons), fol. App.
III., pp. 31-33. List of Atoidem mmu in the Royal Gardens, Kew.
Cf. |
Journ. Bot., xvi., 248-250 ; 253.
Route Map, ed. II. "
45
1879.
A Synopsis of the Hardy forms of Sempervivum now in cultivation
in England. By J. G. Baker, Gard. Chron., N.S., xii, 10,
Si 107, 135-136, 166, 268-269, 428-429, 650. (Key and Index on
last page.)
The Species of Fourcroya. By the same, l.c., 623-624, 656.
Classified List of the known species of Apicra and Haworthia. By
the same, l.c., 717-718.
On four new binis of Eremurus from Persia. By the same, Journ.
Bot., xvii., 17-1
Report on a collection of Ferns made in the north of Borneo, by
Mr, F. W. Burbidge. By the same, l.c., 37-44
Report on Burbidge's Ferns of the Sulu Archipelago. By the same,
l.c., 65-67.
A Synopsis of the Genus Aechmea, R. & P. By the same, l.c.,
129-135, 161-168, 226—236.
On a collection of Ferns gathered in the Fiji Islands, by Mr. John
Horne, F.L.S. By the same, l.c., 292—300.
Four new Ferns from South China. By the same, l.c., 304-305.
On a variety of Hieracium caesium from the Great Orme's Head,
By the same, l.c., xvii., 360-362.
A Synopsis of Colchicacex and the aberrant tribes of Liliacem. By
the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 405-510.
A contribution to the Flora of Northern Dems By J. G. Baker and
S. L. Moore, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 375-3
Origin of ae Flora of the European Alps. By J. Ball, Proce.
R. Geogr. Soc., i, 564-588. Gard. Chron, N.S., xii, 104-106, 137-
138, 203-204, 231-932.
—-— Trans. Considérations sur l'origine de la flore alpine européene.
Ann. Se. Nat. Sér IL, ix., (41878 ") 119-158. {This volume is ; ante-
dated.)
Polygale Americang nove vi el pätai cognita. By A. W. Bennett,
Journ. Bot., xvii., 137-143, 168-173, 201-207.
New Plants of 1878. [By N. E. Brown,| In the Gardeners’ Year
Book and Almanack, 1879, by R. Hogg, p. 141-167.
Senecio speciosus. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xii., 615.
Note on Gardenia turgida. By C. B. Clarke, Journ. Linn Soc., xvii,
310-312. A
The Ferns of North India (Abstract). By the same, Journ. Linn,
46
Note on the fruiting of Wistaria sinensis in Europe. By W. T.
Thiselton-Dyer, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 329-332.
A Cochin-China remedy for Leprosy [Strychnos gautheriana].
Pierre. By the same, Nature, xxi., 35.)
Notes on Sapotacee, II. By M. M. Hartog, Journ. Bot, xvii,
356-359.
1879, p. 3
Biologia Centrali- gere si Contributions to the Knowledge of
the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central America. ited by
F. D. Godman and O. Salvin. Botany by W. B. Hemsley.
The first part appeared in September 1879.
(An es of a few lines of the above appeared in Rep. Brit. Assoc.,
76.)
Diagnoses Plantarum . . . mexicanarum, &c. II. By the same.
La distribution géographique des plantes, par [le méme] (suite).
Belg. Hortie., xxix., 59-64, 68-77, 79-88.
Fritillaria Karelini. By the same. Garden, xv., 121.
Rhododendron cinnabarinum. By the same, 1.c., 182-183.
The Caleeolarias. By the same, l.c., 258-261 (Index at end),
Himalayan Primroses. By the same, Lc. xvi., 12-13.
Some ornamental species of Hibiscus. By the same, l.c., 486—487.
Mexican and Central-American Orchids (an Alphabetical List of
all the species hitherto er, Ni R a short historical introduction;
By the same, Gard. Chr N.S., xi, 202-203, 235-256, 267-268,
Se 367-368, 433-434, 559, - 686, 119-720. xii., 42-43, 75, 107-108,
38.
A New Natural Order of Plants. [By the same], l.c., xi., 170.
Ornamental Grasses and Sedges [from the German of €. Bouché].
e same, l.c., 784
'Swellings on Roots of Plants. By the same, l.c, xii., 112-1 13, 144.
Kerguelen Land. By the same, l.c., 208.
"Rodriguez. By the same, l.c., 295-296.
The Genus Rondeletia. Some Corrections and Emendations in the
Synonymy of the Species of the Genus. By the same, l.c., 235
A Key to the Species of Spiræa and allied Genera [extracted from
A Annot. de Spireaceis]. By the same, lc. 359-360,
Dahlias. By the same, l.c , 437, 524, 557.
On a two-flowered eis iam of d eei Rudge, and the
difference between this species and C. Grayi, Carey. By the same,
Journ. Bot., xvii., 274-275.
Mogino and Sesse's collection of Mexican dried pienie Pa the
same, l.c., 315-316.
47
The Native Country of the Potato. E the same [1878], Journ.
R. Hort. Soc., n.s., v., 123-126.
On the Discovery of a Variety of the Cedar of Lebanon on the
mountains of Cyprus, with Letter thereon from Sir Samuel Baker,
By J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 517—519.
The distribution of ET North American Flora. By the same, Proc.
R. Inst., viii., 568—5
Transl. denn. on Nat, Sér. VL, vi., 318-339 (antedated 1878).
An account of the Petrological, Botanical, and Sm im oe
made in Kerguelen’s Land a odriguez duri ring the Transit o a. by
Expedition . in the years 1874-50. Phil. Trans., clxviii. [ Ed. b
J. D. Hooker and A. Günther. |
Observations on the Botany of Kerguelen's Land. By. J. D. Hooker,
l.c., 5-1
Towai Plants, Ferns, Lycopodiaceæ and Characeæ. By the same,
l.e., 17-23.
The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 6.
Indian Plants adapted for mmm Purposes. By J. R. Jackson,
Journ. Soc. Arts, xxvii., 333-34
On Branch Tubers and Tendrils a Vitis gongylodes. By R. I,
Lynch, Imm Linn. Soc., xvii., 306-3
-
On a monandrous Cypripedium. = S. L. Moore, Journ. Bot.,
xvii.,
Millere; a new genus of Tropical African Acanthaceæ. By the
same, l.c., 225-226. ial
Mimicry of Seeds and Fruits, and the function EEr Appar ttpos: :
By the same, l.c., 271-274
Adam Spade, the Gardener : an exposition of the curiosities of his
Garden and Calling. By Dr. Abel Doubleway . . . [7.e., J. Smith].
Botanical Magazine, vol. cv.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xiii., t. 1276-1300.
Report... . fof awe I
Extract in Journ. Bot., xvii., 345-348.
1880.
On the Flora of the Kuram Valley, &c., Afghanistan. Part I.
By J. E. T. Aitchison [assisted by W. B. Hemsley], Journ. Linn. Soe.,
xviii. 1-113.
The genus Lachenalia. By J. G. Baker, Gard. Chron. N:S, xiii.,
331-33
A Spass of the Species and Forms of Epimedium. By the came}
ley 62
se a bw ides from Mexico. By the same, Journ. nt nd
15-1
48
On two new Bromeliads from Rio Janeiro. By the same, l.c., 49—
0. M
- Synopsis of the Species of Zsoctes. By the same, l.c., 65-70, 105-
p a collection of Ferns made by Dr. Beccari in Western Sumatra.
By the same, l.c., 209-217.
On a collection of Ferns made by Langley Kitching, Esq., in Mada-
gascar. By the same, l.c., 326—330, 369-373.
A Synopsis of — and Yuccoidee. By the same, Journ. Linn.
Soc., xviii, 148-24
New Plants of 1879. [By N. E. Brown.] In the Gardeners’ Year
Book and Almanack for 1880, by R. Hogg, pp. 141-167.
On some new Aroides, with observations on other known forms.
Part I. By the same, Journ, Linn. Soc., xviii., 242-263.
On Indian Begonias. By C. B. Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc, xviii.
114-122.
is Review of the Ferns of poater India. Parts I.-III. By the same,
s. Linn. Soc., Ser. IL, i., 425-611
'The Botanical Enterprise of the os nA i - E
A Paper read at the Colonial Institute, May 11,
Botanical Gardens (extracted from the above). Gard. Chron., N.S.,
xiii., 649—650, 682—683, 713-714.
On Lattakia Tobacco. By the same, Journ. Bot., xviii., 203-204.
_ The coffee-leaf disease of Ceylon. By the same, Quart. Journ, Mier.
.. Se., xx., 119-129.
A Review of the British Characee. By H. & J. Groves, Journ.
Bot. xviii., 97-103, 129-135, 161-167.
Diagnoses Plantarum . . . . mexicanarum, etc., IIF. Auctore W.B.
Hemsley.
Senecio speciosus. By the same, Garden, xviii., 156.
Ornamental Brambles. By the same, l.c., 358.
The tall Mertensias. By the same, l.c., 514.
The Genera of Plants. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xiii., 236.
The Severe Winters of 1682-3 and 1708-9, and Early English Ther-
mometers. By the same, l.c., xiv., 71.
[Botanical Teaching in Elementary Schools.] By the same, L.c., 144.
[English Gardeners in Germany. By the same], l.c., 724.
Humming Birds and the Nectar-cups of the Margraviacem. By the
eo Le, 11-13 (Nectar-cups of the Marcgraviacer), l.c., p. 105-
‘ - Botanical Bibliography. By W. P. Hiern, Journ. Bot. xviii, 263— -
The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hooker. Part 7.
49
A new use for the Stems of ART Donax [Parasol handles]. By
J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., N.S. xiii., 499.
Alabastra Diversa, auctore S. L. i ants Journ. Bot. xviii., 1-8,
1-42.
Enumeratio Acanthacearum Herbarii Welwitschiani Angolensis. By
the same, l.c., 193—199, 225-233, 265-270, 307-314, 340-342, 362-366.
On Spe “grote ent Linn., and its segregates. By @. Nicholson,
Journ. Bot., xviii., 16-19.
Cardamine pratensis, L., and its segregates. By the same, l.c., 199-
2 s
Records of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Half-title only.]. By
J. Smith,
A Contribution to our Knowledge of the Embryo-Sac in Angiosperms.
By H. M. Ward, Journ. Linn. Soc., xvii., 519-546.
Botanical Magazine, vol. cvi.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xiv., t. 1301-1325. | - “
TOPO Fy 3$ TO v * 7" T5109.
Extracts in Journ. Bot., xix. (1881), 56-58.
Grevillea, vol. ix., Sept., Dec.
1881.
A Synopsis z ie known species of Crinum. By J. G. Baker, Gard.
Chron. N.S., s [1L], 786; sevice HIE 39-40 ; IV.,72;
p. 763; (II.
Vs 180 ; VL, 300-900; VIL, 495-496; VIIL. 588-589; IX, 760;
X., 784— 785.
On a Collection of Ferns made by Mr. W. creer or in New
Grenada. By the same, Journ. Bot., xix., 202-208
A Synopsis of the Genus Pitcairnia. By the same, l.c., 225-233,
965-273, 303—308.
In Memory of Hewett Cottrell Watson. By the same, l.c., 257-265.
A new Dracena from Singapore. By the same, lc, 326-327. —
On the VEM History of Madagascar. By the same, l.c., 327-328,
362-365
On a Collection öf Ferüs made by Mr. Coni in the Malay Islands
and Madagascar. By the same, l.c., 366-3
Notes on a Collection of Flowering Plants made by L. eU Esq.,
in Madagascar in 1879. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xviii., 264—
281.
_ Notes on Orchidee. By @. Bentham, Journ. Linn. Soc, xviii,
; Gard. Chron., N.S., xv. ,p. 138. (Also Syair aa as a tract
From the o latter sou ree.)
Norre on Mn with eo reference to Lestiboudois's s “Essi » : is *
on Beauvois's
u 94956. — M per d - D m.
the same, Journ: Linn. — » 360-367,
50
Notes on Gramines, By the same, l.c., xix., 14-134, .
A Supplement to Johnson’s Gardeners’ Dictionary, to the end of the
year 1880, By N. E. Bro
New Plants of 1880. [By the same.] Inthe Gardeners’ Year Book
and Almanack, 1881, by R. Hogg; p. 154—178.
^ A Revision of the Indian Species of Leea. By C. B. — Journ.
-Bot., xix., 100-106, 135-142, 163-167.
Notes on Commelinacew. By the same, Le., 193-202.
On the right-hand and left-hand Contortion. By the same, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xviii., 468-473.
On Arnebia and Macrotomia. By the same, l.c., 524—525.
The Coffee-disease in South America. By M. C. Cooke, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xviii., 461—467.
On Central African Plants collected by Major Serpa Pinto. By
Prof. Count Ficalho and W. P. Hiern. Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. IL,
ii, 11-36. (An ascent of the above was issued in Journ. Linn.
Soc., xix., 13.)
Butterworts. By W. B. Hemsley, Garden, xx., 212-213.
The White Beam, the Rowan Tree, and their Allies, with a figure of
Pyrus Hostii. By the same, Lc., 376-377.
[Frozen Leaves of Evergreens.] By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S.,
xv., 16-17.
Calceolaria fuchsiefolia. By the same, l.c., 268-269.
Juvenile forms of Conifers, By the same, l.c., 333.
List of Garden Orchids (continued). By the wA Lc., Pleurothallis,
184; xvi., Pleurothallis (continued), 10, 42 ; -Stelis- Lepanthes, o
Restrepia- Brachioni nidium, 172 ; Masdevallia, 236, 305, 336-337, 40
regi a item io ai cien 498 ; Malaxis, 463; Oberonia, 527,
Liparis, 592; Dendrobium, 624-625; Liparis-Hexalectris, 656 ;
Dendrobium, 688-689.
Opening Address pone — X Distribution ]. “By J: D Hooker.
Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1881.) Sect. F. Nature, xxiv., 443-4
The Ves de X By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xv., 74. Repr.
from Bot. Mag 534.
The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 8.
Note on Hibiscus nomin Linn. and certain allied Species. By
B. D. Jackson, Journ. Linn. Soc., xi 2.
On the Conifers of Japan. By M. T. Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
xviii., 473-524. ;
E Kew Arboretum. The Maples. By G. Nicholson, Gard.
ESSE xv.; L p. 10; If. 42; TII. 74; IV. 136-137 ; V. 172-
a: $ VIE 299-300 ; VIII. 365; x. ug Ris 532; XI.
ree Np Xx 725-726; XIII. 786. xvi. ; XV. 136-
137 ; XVI. 375-376; [XVIL] 590; (XVIL]. 719; TX] 750;
TX
51
agar of heat in flowers of Phytelephas. By the same,
Journ. Bot., 154.
Lessons in — n By D. Oliver, new edition.
Botanical Collectors. J. eth Gard. Chron, N.S, xvi.
(Masson, p. 335. udin m, p. J)
Notes on the Vegetation, &c. of Chumba State and British Lahoul ;
with description of New Species. By G. Watt, Journ, Linn. Soc.,
xviii., 368-382.
Botanical Magazine, vol. cvii.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xiv., t. 1326-1375.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. X XIX,
Grevillea, vol. ix., March, June; x., Sept., Dec.
Report - for 1880, App. II. List of hloipes, Yuccoidex,
and Agaves cultivated i in the "Royal Gardens, Kew
Extracts in Journ. Bot., xix., 381.
1882.
the Flora of the Kuram Valley, &c., Afghanistan. Part II. By
4 E ji me is [assisted by W. B. Hemsley ], Journ, Linn. Soc., xix.,
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, vi., pars 11, Composite. 3. PEES
Inuloideæ. Auctore J. G. Baker.
A new classification of the Columbines [after v. Borbas]. -By the
same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xviii., 553—554.
Contributions to the Flora of Central Madagascar. By the same,
ourn. Bot., xx. 17-20 ; 45-51; 67-70; 109-114; 137-140; 169-173 ;
218-222; 243-245; 266-971.
On a collection of Bomareas made by M. E. André in New Granada
and Ecuador, By the same, l.c., 201-206.
On Gorceizia, a new genus of Vernoniacex. By the same, l.c., 225-
227.
New Ferns from Southern Brazil. By the same, l.c., 309-310.
On Four new Bromeliads and a new Stegolepis from British Guiana.
By the same, l.c., 329--331.
On a Collection of Ferns made by the Rev. R. B. Comins in the
Solomon Islands. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., 293-297.
Diagnoses Plantarum novarum et imperfecte descriptarum phanero-
pu Socotrensium, quas elaboravit [I.] B. Balfour, Edinb.
R. Soc. Proc., xi., 498-514, 834-842
— — of 1881. [By N. E. me TT the Gardeners’ Tui
Book and Almanack. 1883, by R. Hogg. p- 164-190.
The T Tonga plant (Epipremnum mirabile, Schott). 29 a same,
Gard. Chron., N.S., xvii. 180; 259. EL dE
D 2
52
Four new genera of Aroides. By the same, Journ. Bot, XX.,
193-197.
The Tonga plant (Epipremnum mirabile, Schott). By the same,
kë; 332-337. (Embodying the article in Gard. Chron. above cited.
On a Hampshire Orchis not represented in “ English Botany.” By
C. B. Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., 206-208.
Note on two eeo Ferns erroneously treated in the “ Ferns of
Northern India.” By the same, l.c., 289-291.
Note on the origin of a lignea. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer,
Journ, Linn. Sec., xx., 19-24. ;
Joseph Decaisne. By the same, Nature, xxv., 390-391.
Influence of “ Environment" upon Plants. By the same, l.c., xxvii.,
z
The Gallery of Marianne North's Paintings of Plants and their
Homes. Descriptive Catalogue. By W. B. Hemsley
e first edition eompiled and printed at Miss Nor os expense. A reprint,
with a few slight alterations, was issued by Her Majesty's Stationery Office in
the same year, and a third edition with corrections and additions in 1883.
The genus Maurandya. By the same, Gard. Chron. N.S., xvii.,
2.
List öf Garden Orchids ek By the same, l.c., Dendrobium
(continued), xvii, 26-27, 53-80, 306-307, 471—472, 528, 641-642,
735, 116, 799... xviii Bultopkyllem, 52-53, 104-105. Bulbophyllum
Megac clinium, 365; Trias-Celia, 427-498 ; Eria, 468—469, 500;
Spathoglottis, 532; Acanthephippium- Phaius, 565-566 ; Bletia,
81; Chysis, 746; Nephelaphyllum-Tainia, 780; Anthogonium-
Trichosma, 812.
Marianne North Gallery of Paintings of “Plants and their
Homes,” Royal Gardens, Kew. By the same, Nature, xxvi, 155—
156.
On Dyera, a new Genus of Rubber-producing Plants belonging to
the Natur "Order Apocynacer, from the Malayan Archipelago. - By
J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., 291-293.
The Flora of British India. Bythe same. Part 9.
The Vegetation of the Rocky Mountain Region, and a comparison
with that of other parts of the world, By J. D. Hooker and A. Gray,
U.S. Surv. Bull., vi.,
Note on. Negative Heliotropism in Fumaria corymbosa, Desf. By
B. D. Jackson, Journ. Linn. Soc., xix., 232-233.
On the occurrence of soge florets on the Rootstock of Catananche
lutea. By the same, l.c., 9.
Gum ME By J. R. Jackson, Pharm. Journ., Ser. LIL,
xii., 723-72
Kew Arboretum, The Oaks. By G. Nicholson, Gard. Chron., N.S.,
xviii., 107.
The genus Francoa. By R.A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron., N.S., xviii. 265.
53
New Formosan plants. By the same, Journ. Bot., xx., 358-359.
A new Cyperus from the East African Islands. By the same, l.c.,
362.
Botanical Collectors.—George Barclay. By J. Smith. Gard. Chron.,
N.S., xviii., 305-306.
n some undescribed and imperfectly known Indian species of
Primula and Androsace. By G. Watt [with an Introductory Note by
J. D. Hooker], Journ. Linn. Sox, xx., 1-18.
Botanical Magazine, vol. cviii.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xiv., t. 1376-1400.
Report . for 1881. App. II. List of exotic economic
and medicinal plants, cultivated under glass in the Royal Gardens, Kew.
Extracts in Journ. Bot., xxi., 27-28, 53-55.
Grevillea, vol. x., March, June; xi., Sept., Dec.
1883.
A Synopsis of the Speties of + egies By J. G. Baker, Gard.
Chron., N.S., xix., 307—308, 339-34
The Species of Tulipa. By the same, l.c., I. 626; II. 668; III.
ae IV. 788. xx. VI., 71; VII. 153; VIII. 169-170 ; IX. 233-234;
A are of the genus Selaginella. By the sam e, Journ. Bot.,
xxi, 1-5, 42-46, 80-84, 97—100, 141-145, 210-213, - 240-244, 332-
336.
Two new Carices from Central Madagascar. By the same, l.c., 129-
0.
Ferns collected by the Rev. J. Hannington in East Tropical Africa,
By the same, l.c., 245.
A Study of the Survival of the Fittest. By the same, l.c., 271-274.
On Lehmann’s Andine Bomareas. By the same, l.c., 373.
Sn to the Flora of Madagascar. age the same, Journ.
Linn, Soc, xx, 87-150, 150-236, 297-804. d
Recent Additions to our knowledge of the Flora of Fiji. By the
same, l.c., 358-373.
On the Joint and Separate Work of the Authors of Bentham and
Hooker's “Genera Plantarum." By G. Bentham, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
xx. 304--308. i
The Genera Plantarum. pan and separate work), reprinted in
"Gard. Chron., N.S., Xix.,
-New Ea of 1882. [By N. E. Brown.] In the Gardeners’ Year
Book and Almanack, 1883, by R. Hogg. pp. 81-108.
- The genus Drosera. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xix., 732. _
54
The ** Genera Plantarum." By the same, l.c., 733-734.
On Hemicarex, iin and its Allies. By C. B. Clarke, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xx. 374-4
Zamia. Fischeri: i W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Gard, Chron., : N.S.,
xix., 212.
Notes on some new Teenie Products, recently received at the
Royal Gardens, Kew. By the same, Journ. Soc 404-
Note on the origin of Cassia lignea. By the same [an extract from
the above]. Repr.in Pharm. Journ., Ser. IIL, xiii., 583—584.
The Sacred Tree of Kum-bum. By the same, Nature, xxvii., 223-
224. .
Deductive Biology. By the same, l.c., 554-555 ; xxviii., 171.
Vegetable Tallow from Singapore. By the same, Pharm. Journ.,
Ser. IIL., xiv., 462.
na New Species of Cycas from Southern India. By the same,
Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II, ii. 85-86.
List of Garden Orchids (continued). By W. B. Hemsley, Gard.
‘Chron., pd xix. Celogyne, 46, 576-577; | Otochilus, Aiia,
Calan the, Arundin a, 636; Eileanthus-Amblos -a
660; Trak akada 700; Alamania- Hartwegia
‘Epidendrum, 42, 152, 204, 244, 477, 573-574, 606, 634.
Figures of Plants [in oe ae Constantinopolitanus of Dioscor-
ides]. By the same, l.c.,
Census of Flowering Plants. us the same], 371.
[Steppe Flora, By the same], l.c., 664.
Funeral Wreaths of three thousand years ago. By the same, l.c.,
783-784.
The Common Fig Tree [after Solms-Laobes]- By the same, Le.
529-530 ; 572.
Chinese Botanical Literature. By the same, l.c., 687-688.
Why Figs cast their Fruit, The Erinosyce—a variety of the
cultivated Fig with male flowers in England. By the same, l.c., XX.,
23.
Social life of Ants and Plants. By the same, l.c., 71-72.
yy ae Flowers by Snails and Slugs. By the same, Le., 266-
The Vegetation of Australia. By the same, l.c., 390-391.
The Seed Vessels of Australian Trees and Shrubs. By the same, l.c,
464—465, II. (Australian Seed Vessels), 688.
A new hybrid Hedychium. By the same, l.c., 492.
on new Bermudan Plants. By the same, Journ, Bot. , xxi, 104-105.
55
A new Afghan Plant. By the same, l.c., 135-136.
Bermuds Plants in the Sloane Collection, British Museum. By the
same, l.c., 257-261.
On the Synonymy of the Orchidaceous Senne Didymoplexis, Griffith,
and the Elongation of the Pedicels of D. per ens after flowering. By
the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xx., 308-311
The Botany of the “Challenger” Expedition. By the same,
Nature, xxvii., 462-463.
The relations of the Fig and the Caprifig. By the same, l.c., 584—
586.
The “ Tambor,” a tree yielding a purgative oil, with descriptions of
two species of Omphalea. By the same, Pharm. Journ., Ser. IIL, xiii.,
301.
The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hooker. Part 10.
Loeal Catalogues used preparing Watson’s * Dye
Botany" [preserved in dus Herbin e Kew]. -By B. D.
Jackson, Journ. Bot., xxi., 343—346, 363-370.
Tea and its iui By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., N.S., xix.,
802-803; xx., 765-76
Kew Arboretum. The Oaks (cont). By G. Nicholson, Gard.
Chron., N.S., xix., 597.
New Passifloree. By M. T. Masters, Journ. Bot., xxi., 38—36.
On the Passiflorese, collected by M. Edouard André in Ecuador gad
New Granada. By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xx., 25-44.
-Notes on Carruthersia and Voacanga. By R. A. Rolfe, Journ. Bot.,
xxi., 200-202
On the vemm described by Linneus, Bergius, ee fil., and
Thunberg. By th same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xx., 338-—
Topographical Dean. By H. C. Watson. Second edition. By J. G.
er oe W. W. Newbould.
Contains a memoir m the author by J. G. Baker, Mr. Watson gave his
valuable Bri British renum and e rere E Vs s Baker, by whom
(
Botanical Magazine, vol. cix.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xv., t. 1401-1450.
Guide to the Museum, No. I.
Grevillea, vol. xi., March, June; xii., Sept., Oct.
| 1884.
us, Flora Brasiliensis, vi, pars rz, Composite, 4. Helian-
Marti
thoidew, Helenioideæ, Anthemideæ, Senecionideæ, Cynaroidez
om Mutisiaceæ. Auctore J. G. Baker.
uu ues of Solanum. [A trà Journ. Linn. oe
Soy ain Hy Bsn, Gard, Chi v N.S., xxi,
56
New Lachenalias. By the same, l.c., 668.
(Notes on) Ponies. By the same, Lc. L, 732; IL, 779-780;
III., 828-830 ; IV., xxii., 9-10.
Notes on the Cultivated Asters ae the same, l.c., xxii.; I., 523-524 ;
IL, 554; III., 618; IV., 680-681 ; V., 744.
m kr uem Botany of Derbyshire. By the same, Journ. Bot.,
DR of the genus Selaginella (continued). By the same, l.c.,
23-26, 86-90, 110-113, 243-247, 275-278, 295-300, 373-377.
New plants from the Zambesi country. By the same, l.c., 52-53.
Ferns collected in Madagascar by M. Humblot. By the same, l.e.,
139-144.
On the British Daffodils. By the same, l.c., 193-195.
Ferns collected in Costa Rica by Mr. P. G. Harrison. By the same,
Le., 362-364.
A Review of the Tuber-bearing species of Solanum. By the same,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xx., 489-507.
Notes on the Flora of slated By J. G. Baker and W. W. Newbould,
Journ. Bot., xxii., 334-344 s
Diagnos es Plautarum novarum . Socotrensium, quas elabo-
ravit [I.] B. Balfour, Edinb. R. Boe. Proc. (1884), 76-98.
Contributions to the Flora of North Patagonia and the adjoining
Territory. By J. Ball, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 203-240.
On the structure of the Stem of AA eret ipia montanum, Fresen.
y F. 0. Bower, Journ. Linn. Soc 0-446
ote on the Gemmz of PREMO palustre, Schwaegr. By the
same, l.c., 465-467.
New Plants of 1883. [By N. E. Brown.] In the Gardeners’ Year
Book and Almanack, 1884, by R. Hogg, pp. 81-112.
n the Indian Species of Cyperus; with Remarks on some others
that ce wid Leges the sub- divisions of the Genus. By C. B. Clarke,
n, Soc., XX
British Fresh-water ine exclusive of the Desmidiee and Diato-
macee. By M. C. Cooke. (The first part was issued in 1882.
e Strueture and Affinity of dene pocula, Schweinitz, By the
Fry Journ. Linn, Soc., xx., 508-51
A Forgotten Evolutionist me N. he oad! By W. T. Thiselton-
Dyer, Nature, xxix., 215-216
The so-called South Plant of Egyptian Art. By the same, l.c., xxxi-
127. ‘
Apospory in Ferns. By the same, l.c., 157.
Waras. By the same, Pharm. Journ., Ser. III., xiv., 917.
57
Further note on Waras. By the same, l.c., 969.
The Collection of Gum Labdanum in Crete. By the same, l.c., 301-
302.
Introductory Sessional Address, . . . School of Pharmacy.
y the same, l.c., xv., 261-265.
The disputed identity of the Red Bark of the Nilgiris. .By the same,
l.c., 481-482.
Indian Pulse. [By W. B. Hemsley], Field, lxiv., 461.
Sisyrinchium Bermudiana, By the same, Journ. Bot, xxii.,
8-1 10.
Notes on the Flora of Parasnath, a Mountain of North-Western
b . Clarke, “with an Introductory Note by J. D.
Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi.,
The Student's Flora . . . - Ed, III. By the same.
Tropical African Mountain Flora. By thesame, Nature, xxx., 635.
The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 11.
Cocus Wood. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., N.S., xxi., 178.
Paper-making materials. By the same, l.c., 700-702.
Tropical Fruits. [Lecture at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition, -
July 1886.] By D. Morris, Nature, xxxiv., 316-318. (Abstract i
Gard. Chron., N.S., xxvi, 121-122.)
The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening, a practical and scientific
Encyclopedia of Horticulture for Gardeners and Botanists, [A— Dipla-
denia.] By G. Nicholson.
A compendious work completed in four quarto volumes.
The Kentucky Coffee Tree. By the same, Garden, xxiv., 29-30.
The Ailanto, or Tree of Heaven. By the same, l.c., 63-64.
The Yellow Wood (Cladrastis tinctoria). By the same, l.c., 96-97.
The Sweet Gums. By the same, l.c., 166-167.
The Sophoras. By the same, l.c., 211—212.
The Hop Hornbeams. By the same, l.c., 231.
Cladrastis amurensis. By the same, lc., 264-265.
Escallonia sellowiana. By the same, l.c., 291.
The Planer Tree. By the same, l.c., 370.
The Zelkowas. By the same, l.c., 370-372.
The Hornbeams. By the same, l.c., 418-420.
Phillyrea vilmoriniana. By the same, l.c., 490. f
.."Ehe-Magnolias. By-the. same, 1.64 608-518. ..— |. cosa E
The Zenobias. By the same, l.c., 572-573. ess
58
The genus Cercis. By the same, l.c., 347—348
A new shrub (Sarcococca hookeriana). By the same, l.c., 359.
The Laburnums. By the same, l.c., 518—519.
The British Oaks. By the same, Woods and Forests, i., 8-10.
-The Turkey Oaks. By the same, l.c., 52-54.
New or ean Evergreen Oak (Quercus acuta, Thunb.). By the
same, l.c
The alkanas. By the same, l.c., 176-177.
The Deciduous Cypress, By the same, l.c., 217-218.
Quercus dentata, Thunb. By the same, l.c., 235.
The genus Corylopsis. By the same, l.c., 332.
The London Plane. By the same, l.c., 346-347.
The Oak of Lebanon (Quercus Libani). By the same, l.c., 628.
A new fine-foliaged shrub (Prunus Pissardi). By the same, l.c., 675.
The Catalpas. ‘By the same, Lc; ii, 51-52.
Notes on Nymphzas. By W. Watson, Gard. Chron., N.S., xxi., 87-88.
Gar Palms. [By the same], l.c., xxii., 426-427, 522-523, 595-
596, 7 cm 748.
On some e from Funeral Garlands found in an Egyptian Tomb,
circa B.C. 1 By C. F. White, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 251
Botanical pite vol. cx.
Icones FEM vol. xv., t. 1451-1475.
Report . : . for . . . 1882.—App. II. "List of Palms cultivated
in the Royal Gardens, Kew
Extracts in Journ. Bot. xxii., 217-219.
` Note.—Index to Reports, 1862-82, is in Kew Bulletin (1890), p. 3.
Grevillea, vol, xii., March, June; xiii., Sept., Dec.
1885.
A Flora of the English Lake District. By J. G. Baker.
Notes on the Cultivated Asters (concluded). By the same, Gard.
Chron., N.S., xxiii; VI., 13 ; VII. mak VIII., 142; IX., 208-209;
E 306-307 ; XI, 501-592 ; XII., 534—535
On the Origin of the Garden TENE Bý the same, l.c., 757-758.
A Classification of Garden Roses. By the same, l.c., Bo ua 199.
(Reprinted in Journ, Bot., xxiii., 281—280.)
A bea of the Species and Hybrids of Nerine. By the same, de
779, 8
On Senecio spathulatus, DC, By the same, Journ. Bot., xxiii., 8-9.
59
A Synopsis of the genus Selaginella (cont.). By the same, l.c., 19-
25, 45-48, 116-122, 154—157, 176-180, 248-252, 292-302,
Ferns collected in North Formosa by Mr. William Hancock. By the
same, l.c., 102—107.
_ A new Selaginella from New Guinea, By the same, Le, 122,
, os mers from Brazil, collected by Dr. Glaziou. By the same, l.c.,
217-2
A — of the Genus Gethyllis. By the same, l.c., 225-228.
A i ee of the Cape Species of Kniphofia. By the same, l.c.,
275-2
Further Contributions to the Flora of Central Madagascar. By the
same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 317-353, 407—455.
Contributions to the Flora of the Peruvian Andes, with Remarks
on the ir, c qe of the Andean Flora. By J. LL Journ.
Linn. Soe., xxii.
On eee in Ferns m special reference to Mr. Charles T.
Druery’s Observations) By F. 0. Bower, Journ. Linn. Soc, xxi,
360-368.
On the Development and Morphology of Phylloglossum Drum-
mondi. By the same, Phil, Trans., clxxvi., 665-678.
Aloe insignis x, N. E. Brown New Hybrid Aloe), By N, E. Brown,
Gard. Chron SNB; xxiv., 40-4
Terrestrial Orchids of South iu By the same, lc., 135-136,
231-233, 307-308, 331-332, 402-404
Mesembryanthemum edule. By the same, l.c., 266.
Fertilization of Hoyas and other Asclepiads. By the same, ].c., 435.
Three New Anthuriums. By the same, l.c., 650—651.
New Plants of 1884. [By the "qu Jm e the Gardeners’ Year Book
and Almanack, 1885, by R. Hogg.
Zamia tonkinensis. By W, T. ee Gard. Chron,
N.S., xxiii., 694.
Report on = E of Mr. H. O. Forbes's Expedition. to Timor-
Laut; with a of Doteriitdatiotis of the Plants collected, by Prof.
Oliver. By thoi Miti Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 4.
The Life-History of the Lycopodiacez. By the same, Nature, xxxi.,
317.
Gardiner’s Researches on the Continuity of Vegetable Protoplasm.
y the same, l.c., 337-338.
The: Square Bamboo [ Bambusa quadrangularis, Fenzi]. By the
me, Le, XXXil., 391-392.
Note on i the: Cultivation of Batia - in Sicil E te’ same, T ;
60
Tea made from Vaccinium Arctostaphylos. By the same, Pharm.
Journ., ‘Bes IIL, xv., 771-772.
Notes on €— Drugs. I, viue Turpentine; II. Gum Lab-
danum. By the same, l.c., xvi., 385-386
Déere of the * Challenger " Expedition, vol. i. By W. B. Hemsley.
Commenced in 1884. It deals with the floras of the Bermudas, St. Paul's Rocks,
Fernando Noronha, Ascension, St. Helena, South Trinidad, Tristan da Cunha
Eastern Moluccas and the Admiralty Islands. There is also a special chapter
rift Seeds and Seed- Vessels, and an Introductory Becsy on Insular Floras
generally. (W. B. H.);
The Marianne North Gallery at Kew. By the same, Gard. Chron.,
-N.S., xxiv., 296.
C NE Island, Lower California. By the same, l.c., 632-633.
R n West Amer. Scientist, ii., 21-24.
New Species of Primula from the mountains of Yunnan. By the
same, l.c., 712, 713.
The Giant Bromeliads of Chili. By the same, l.c., 747.
New Chinese Plants. By the same, Journ. Bot., xxiii., 286-287.
. The Forster Herbarium. By the same, Nature, xxxii., 501.
'The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hooker. Part 12.
Christmas Plants, By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., N.S., xxiv.,
775-776.
Supplementary Notes on Restiaceæ. By M. T. Masters, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xxi., 574—594.
The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening [ Dipladenia—Oak Galls]. By
G. Nicholson.
The Catalpas. By the same, Garden, xxvi., 164-165.
The White Birch and its Varieties. By the same, Lc., 291-292.
The Rock Roses (Helianthemums). By the same, 1.c., 420-422.
New Japanese Oak (Quercus serrata.) By the same, l.c., 351.
The Turkey Oaks. By the same, l.c., 476-478.
The Cistuses. By the same, l.c., 570-572.
Prunus triloba. By the same, l.c., 346-347.
Large fruited Hawthorns. By the same, l.c., 632—633.
Yellow Roses. By the same, Gard. Chron., N.S., xxiv., 468.
= List of Plants collected by Mr. Joseph Thomson, on the Mountains
of Eastern Equatorial Africa, by D. Oliver, with observations on their
distribution by Sir J. D. Hooker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 592—406.
Supplementary E of Philippine plants. By.R. A. AS Journ.
Bot., xxiii., 209-21
` The Characez of “ "Engl Bousy" el It By He sim lea 369.
01.
On Hyalocalyz, a new Genus of Turneracex from Madagascar. By
the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxi., 256-258.
On the Flora of the Philippine Islands, and its probable Derivation.
By the same, l.c., 283-316.
History of Ee at Kew. By 3. Smith, Gard. Chron, N.S.,
xxiii, 143-144
History ‘of the Introduction of Palms and of the Kew Collection.
By the same, l.c., 533-534.
Botanical Collectors. By the ore l.c., George Caley, xxiv., 260-
264, David Lockhart, l.c., 237—238
New Holland Plants at Kew. By the same, l.c., 282.
Garden Palms (continued). By W. Watson, Gard. Chron., N.S.,
xxiii., 338, 410, 439; xxiv., 362, 394, 586-587, 748-750.
Seed-raising. By the same f From Cassell’s meten Gardening),
l.c., 282—283, 297-298, 328-329
Solanum Maglia. By the same, l.c., 622-623.
Enumeratio specierum varietatumque generis Dianthus ; characteres.
communes sectionibus includens. Auct. F, N. Williams, Journ. Bot
xxiii., 940—349.
Botanical Magazine, vol. cxi.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xv. t. 1476-1500.
Guide to the Gardens, ed. * XXIX." [XXX. ].
Grevillea, vol. xiii., March, June; xiv., Sept., Dee. -
1886.
Kew and its work [a Lecture]. By J. G. Baker. Gard. Chron.,
N.S., xxv. 167-168, 206, 267, 368, 458—459.
On the Narcissi of the Linnean Herbarium. By the same, l.c.
89.
A Synopsis of the European species of Primula, with their « distri
bution. By the same, l.c., 5 3.
On the relation of the British forms of Rubi to the Continental ty pes -
By the same, Journ. Bot., xxiv. 4—7, 43-47, 71-77.
A synopsis of the Rhizocarpee. By the same, l.c., 97-101, 274-
283, 381—382.
New Ferns collected by J. D. Thurston, Esq., in Fiji. By the same,
].c., 182-183. :
' A New Tree Fern from Central America [ Hemitelia Hartii]. By
tia same, l.e., 243.
A new Aechmea [ 4e. chiriquensis]. By the same, l.c.
New Cape Liliacex. By the same, L.c., 335-336. ——
62
On a Collection of Ferns made in North Borneo by the Bishop of
Singapore and Sarawak [Dr. Hose], By the same, Journ, Linn. Soc.,
xxii., 222-231
E Brenir of the European Species of Primula, with their distri-
bution. By the same, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., vii., 234-235.
(See also an address on the genus, by the same, l.c., 209-213.)
-Notes on the Botany of Western South America. By J. Ball,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxii., 137-168
Contributions to South African Bonet Orchidee. Part II. By
H. Bolus, with additional notes by N. E. Brown, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
xxii., 65-80.
Mesembryanthemum jficiforme. By N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron., N.S.,
XXv., 373.
New Plants of 1885. By the same. In the Gardeners’ Year Book
and Almanack, 1886, by R. Hogg. p. 82-105.
British Desmids. A pees to “ British Freshwater Algz.”
By M. C. Cooke. Parts 1-6, pp. 1-96.
Supplementary List of Perennial Asters. —By D. Dewar, Gard.
ron., N.S., xxvi., 659, 686
(Nomi by abor vr p. 659 — J. a. Baker.) T
Synonymic List of the Species and Forms of the genus Primula. By
the same, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., vii., 274-295. Reprinted a; as
ynonymie List of all -— Species of Recognised Forms of the
Genus Primula. By the
Collection of Hairs after Earthquakes in China. By W, T.
Thiselton-Dyer. Nature, xxxiv., 56-57.
Peat-floods in the Falklands. By the same, l.c., 440.
The Cereals of Prehistoric Times. By the same, l.c., 545.
Additional Note on the Gum Labdanum of Cyprus. By the same,
Pharm. Journ., Ser. III., xvi., 779.
Note on the Oro Plant, By the same, l.c., 879.
An Enumeration of all the Plants known from China proper, For-
mosa, Hainan, Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and the Island of Hong-
kong together with their Diretto and Synonymy. By F. B. Forbes
d W. B. H emsley, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiii. (1886), 1-162.
Often referred to as “ Index rs Sinensis."
The Gallery of Marianne North's Paintings of Plants and their
Homes, Fourth edition, much enlarged, containing an introduction and
descriptions of 220 additional paintings. By W.B. Hemsley. -
This edition deseribes the gallery as finished by Miss North after her last
travels. s
Concerning Figs. By the same, Gard. Chron. N.S., xxv., 265-
66.
The Silver Tree (Leucadendrum argenteum). By the same, l.c.,
361-362. : H
63
hg on some Chinese economie Plants. By the same, Lc., xxvi.,
ae rt on the M Ss ne of Diego Garcia. By the same, Journ,
Linn. Soc., xxii., 33
Vegetation of South Georgia. By the same, Nature, xxxiv., 106-
107.
Botany of the Afghan Delimitation Commission. By the same, lc.,
xxxv., 173-174.
Primroses. By the same, l.c., 561—562.
Botany. By J. Hooker. Admiralty vum of Scientific
Enquiry, ed. V., DR B Ball, Art. iv., p. 418-4
The Himalayan M UE (Tsuga ae By the
same, Gard, Chron., N.S., xx
On the Castilloa elastica ^ oeil and some allied Rubber-
yielding Plants. By the same, Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II., ii., 209-215.
The Flora of British India. By the same. Part 13.
Cocoa-nut Mats and Matting. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron.,
N.S., xxv., 589.
ie i, 6 Products at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition. By the
same, e.
"om the Pepper of Peppers. By the same, l.c., xxvi., 532.
Colonial and Indian Exhibition. By the same, L.c., 555.
On the Structure and Functions of the subterranean parts of Lathrea
Squamaria, L. By G. Massee, Journ. be. xxiv. 257-263.
Contributions to the History of certain Species of Conifers... By
. T. Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxii., 169-212.
The miei of Plants by Birds. By D. Morris, Nature, xxxv.,
151-152
germ Federation in the West Indies. By the same, l.c., 248-
The Illustrated Pierre Gardening [Oak Galls— Seaside Plants].
By G. Nicholson.
- Fremontia californica. By the same, Garden, xxix., 8.
Flowers and Insects. By R. A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron, N.S., xxv.
297-998, 330-331, 371.
Acorn Galls. By the same, l.c., xxvi., 104.
A Revision of the Genus Phalenopsis. By the same, l.c., 168-170,
212, 276-277. (Index at end.)
Angolan Selaginex. By the same, Journ. Bot., xxiv., 174-175. -
Garden Palms (continued). By W Foe Gard. Chee) N. S,
xxv., 12-13, 75, 139-140; xxvi., 491, 65
Cape Bulbs. By the same, lty xxv., Xue
64
Root-proliferation in Platycerium. By the same, l.c., 201.
Sabal blackburniana at Kew. By the same, l.c., 626.
Supplementum Enumerationi Dianthi. Auctore F. N. Williams,
Journ. Bot., xxiv., 30
List of Seeds of Hardy Herbaceous Annual and Perennial Plants
grown in the Royal Gardens, Kew, 1885.
-~ Botanical Magazine, vol. exii.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xvi., t., 1501-1550 ; vol. xvii., t., 1601-1678.
Guide to the Museum, No. 1, ed. II. ; ——- No. 3. Timbers.
Grevillea, vol. xiv., March, June ; xv., Sept., Dec.
1887.
Handbook of the Fern Allies. By J. G. Baker.
English descriptions of all the known species = the Equisetacez, Lycopo-
diaceæ, Selagine llaceæ, and Rhizocarpeæ. The greater part of this PET at
urnal of Botany during the S yen 1888 to 1886. (W.B
J.J. Cooper's Costa Rica Ferns, By the same, Journ. met
à th 24-96.
A new rfi Le milrochanihin| from Jamaica. By the
same, l.c
vm of Tillandsiee. By the same, l.c., 52-55, 115-118, i71-
177, 211-215, 234—246, 277-281, 303-306, 344—347.
On a collection of Ferns made in West Central China by Dr. A.
Henry. By the same, l.c., 170-171.
Further contributions to thé Flora of Madagascar. By the same,
oce Linn. Soc., xxii., 441-537.
On a further escent of Ferns from West Borneo, made by the
Bishop of Singapore and Sarawak [Dr. Hose]. By the same, l.c.,
xxiv., 256-261.
Handbook to the British Flora. By G. Bentham. Ed. V. by J. D.
Hooker.
New Piants of 1886. [By N. E. Brown,] Journ. Hortie., Ser. III.,
xiv., p. 28, 47, 73, 93, 117, 157, 176, 198, 256, 277, 340, 426.
Vaccinium intermedium, Ruthe, a new British Plant. By the same,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiv., 125-128.
Ipecacuanha cultivation in India. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer,
Nature, xxxv., 227. :
Tabasheer. By the same, l.c., 396-397.
A plant which destroys the taste of Sweetness. By the same, l.c.,
57.
Flora of Christmas Island. By the same, l.c., xxxvi., 78.
65
Botany of San pna [with a Note from Baron Eggers]. By
the same, 367-36
Eleocharis, R.Br. Species in Europa vigentes recensuit C, B.
Clarke, Journ. Bot., xxv., 267-271.
British Desmids. A supplement to “ British Freshwater Alga,”
with 66 coloured Plates. By M. C. Cooke (concluded).
An Enumeration of all the plants known from China. By F. B.
dad e W. B. Hemsley (continued), Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiii.
The “ Botanical Magazine." By W. B. Hemsley, Gard. Chron.,
Ser. TIT., i, p. 345-346, 381, 450-451, 479, 514-515, 641-642, 671,
767-768. ii, 11-12, 45-40, MS 246, 368-369, 433-434, 471-472,
620-622
Holiday J eee in the Isle of Man. By the same, l.c., ii, 462-463,
491-492.
Japanese varieties of Hepatica and of Adonis amurensis [with a
ee ee notice of Nippon Shokubutsumeii.] By the same, T. s
491
Gai Trees (Eucalyptus). [By the same], Lc., 784—785.
New and interesting plants from Perak. By the same, Journ. Bot.,
xxv., 203-206.
On rel bein aei a new genus of Pontederiacer. By J. D. Hooker,
Ann. Bot., i., 89-94
The Flora of British India. By the same, Part 14.
The Gentians; Notes and Queries. By T. H. Huxley, Journ. Linn.
Soc., xxiv., 101-124.
The New “Index of Plant-names." By B. D. Jackson, Journ. Bot.,
xxv., 66-71, 150-151.
Remarks on the Nomenclature of the eighth edition of the “ London
Catalogue." By the same, l.c., 152-156, 179-181, 229-233, 310-314,
333-338
Note on Nomenclature. By the same, l.c., 182-183.
Tropical Fruits in the Kew Museum. By J. R. Jackson, Gard.
Chron., Ser. III., i 445-447.
Serky’s Tea. By the same, l.c., ii., 39.
Siam Ginger. By the same, l.c., 370
Patchouly. By the same, l.c., 616-617.
On Ceuses influencing the Direction of Growth and the Origin of
Multicellular Plants. By G. Massee, Journ. Bot., xxv., 257-267.
Disease of Colocasia in Jamaica. By the same, with an Introductory
Note by D. Morris. Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiv., 45-49.
On the Differentiation of Tissues in Fungi. By the same, Journ.
R. Mier. Soc. (1887), 205-208, 359.
u 94256. : E
66
A Monograph of the Genus Lycoperdon (Tournef.); Fr. By the
same, l.c., 701-727.
On Gasterolichenes, a new type of the Group Lichenes.. By the
same, Phil. Trans., clxxviii. B., 305-309
- On the Use of Certain Plants as Aesighrmios or Snake-bite Anti-
dotes. By D. Morris, Ann. Bot., i., 153-161
Dm oe Dictionary of Gardening [ Seaside- -Zygopetalum ]. T
G. Nichols
Lessons in Fac sem Botany. By D. Oliver. New Ea. SAPE S
List of Plants collected in the Islands of Bougainville Straits, ‘Solomon
Group, during 1884, by H. B. Guppy. In “ The Solomon Islands and
their Natives,” pp. 294-307 , [determinations chiefly by the same].
The Botany of the Roraima Expedition of 1884; being Notes on the
Plants observed by Everard F. im Thurn, with a List of the Species
collected, and Determinations of ions that are new. By the same and
others. "Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II., ii., 249-300.
eons of the Plants collected by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the
Kilimanjaro Expedition, 1884. By the same, and the Officers of the
Kew mm; ce ray Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. IL, ii, 327-355.
On the Obliteration of the Sieve-tubes in Laminaris. By F. W,
Oliver, Ann. Bot., i., 95-117.
quete pulchellum. By R. A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron., Ser. II.,
ii, 15
On Bigenerie Orchid Hybrids.: By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
xxiv., 156-170.
A Sensitive comete [ M. t [By W. Watson] Gard.
Cha ron. Ser., III., i., p. 836.
Garden Palms CoA By the same, l.c, ii., 156-157, 304-305.
Kew Notes. By the same, l.c., 197, 215-216, 366.
A month at the Cape. By the same, l.c., 271-272, 331-332, 429-
430, 519-520.
List of Seeds of Hardy Herbaceous, Annual, and Perenniai Plants . .
1886.
Botanical Magazine, vol. cxiii.
leo ouam, vol. Xvi., t. 1551-1600 ; xvii., t. 1676-1700 ; xviii.
Grevillea, vol. xv., March June; xvi, Sept., Dec.
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 1-12.
‘The Botany of the Afghan Delimitation Coa ieoi. By J. E. T.
[assisted by W.B H emsley]. Trans. Linn: Soe., Ser. II.,
ii., 1-129.
67
Handbook of the Voxan inéluding the Alstroeémeriew and
Agave. By J. G. Baker È
A Synopsis of Tillandsieæ (continued). By the same, Journ, Bot.,
xxvi., 12-17, 39-50. 79-82, 104-111, 187-144, 167-172.
The late Dr. Boswell. By the same, l.c., 82-84.
The late John Smith, A.L.S. By the same, l.c., 102-103.
On two recent collections of Ferns from Western China. By the same,
Le., 225-231.
On a third collection of Ferns made in West Borneo by the Bishop
of Singapore and Sarawak [Dr. Hose]... By the same, J.c., 328-326.
On a new Acrostichum [A. Hartii] from Trinidad. By the same,
le., 371
Botany of Socotra, By I. B. Balfour, Trans. R. Soc, Edinb.,
xxi.
Preceded by publ ^ of the charactere of new plants in Trans. Bot. Soe.,
Edinb., noted abov:
Veronica — and its Allies. By N. E. Brown, Gard.
Chron., Ser. III., iii, 20-21.
Root Pressure. By C. B. Clarke, Journ. Bot., xxvi., 201-204.
On Panicum supervacuum, sp. nova. By the same, Journ. Linn.
Soc., xxiv., 407—408.
Supplementary Note on the Ferns of Northern India. By C. B. Clarke
and J. G. Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiv., 408—418.
Opening Address, Section D., British Association. By W. T.
Thiselton-Dyer, Nature, xxxviii., 473-480.
Plant Life [Extracted from above], Gard. Chron., Ser. TIL, iv.
321—323, 351.
Ferments and Fermentation [also from foregoing], Pharm. Journ.,
Ser. III., xix., 509-512.
Chiswick. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. III., iv., 536-538.
Flora of the Bahamas o Letter from Baron Addis diy the-
same, Nature, xxxvii. +» 565-566
Flora of the Antaretic Tbn [with Letter from H. B. Guppy]. By
the same, Nature, xxxviii., 40.
Mr. Romanes's Paradox. By the same, l.c., xxxix., 7-8.
Mr. Romanes on the Origin of Species. By the same, lc., 126-127..
Eulogium on George Bentham, F.R.S. By the same, Proc. Linn.
Soe. (1887-88), 71-79.
Report. of. the Committee, consisting of Mr. pag aera Cea
tary), Professor Newton, Professor Flower, vb he (arret hers, Mr.
ater, appointed for its Biter se of = Mi. ss t e "TG
and Botany of the West. dps Brit. Assoc. (1888),
437-438.
Po
Appendix [to above]. Botanical ... Bibliography of the Lesser Antilles,
Caribbee Islands, or Windward and gaem pk: West Indies
(Tobago and Porto Rico inclus ive). Bota y W. B. Hemsley ;
Zoology, by D. Sharp. Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1888), 136-464.
An Enumeration of all the Plants known from China (continued),
By F. B. Forbes and W. B. Hemsley, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxiii., 329—521.
Biologia Centrali-Americana; or Contributions to the Knowledge of
the Fauna and Flora of Mexico and Central Am merica, edited
F. D. Godman and O. Salvin. Botany by W. B. Hemsley.
pr "T part was dace ge in Oetober 1888, nine years after the appearance of
nsists of four r quarto volumes of ietterpress and one of plates,
and the In trodaction and Appendix are spentally devoted to geographical
botany. BHL
The Relations of Ants and Plants. By the same, Field, Ixxii., 624.
The Botanical Results of the Afghan Expedition. By the same, l.c.,
801.
The Vegetation of Madagascar. By the same, l.c., 875.
The Orchidez of the Cape Peninsula. - By the same, l.c., 911.
Dissemination of Plants by Birds. By the same, Nature, xxxviii.,
53.
` Flora of the Kermadec Islands. By the same, 1.c., 622.
"The new Vegetation of Krakatao. By the same, l.c., 344-345.
The Royal Horticultural Society. By J. D. Hooker, Gard. Chron.,
Ser. III, iii.,
Me tet Kan Robert Brown. By the same, Proc. Linn. Soc.
(1887-88), 6
The Flora E nod India. By the same, Part 15.
Pine Wool Carpets. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., Ser. IIL, iii,
171.
The Procarpium and Fruit in Gracilaria confervoides, Grev. By
T. Johnson, Ann, Bot., i., 219—222
A Monograph of the Genus Calostoma, Desv. (Mitremyces, Nees).
By G. Massee, Ann. Bot., i., 25-45.
Pie the presence of Sexual Organs in Aecidium. By the same, l.c.,
i: e of the Genus Bovista (Dill.), Fr. By the same, Journ.
Bot., xxvi., 129-137.
he Type of a new Taa of Fungi. By the same, Journ. R. Micr.
oa (1888). 173-176, 335
'The Dispersion of Seeds and Plants. By D. Morris, Nature, xxxvii.,
466-467.
On a new Selaginella (S. epos from New Guinea, By
F. von ‘Mueller and J. G. Baker, Journ. Bot., xxvi., 26.
The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening [Supplement]. By G.
icholson.
69
Hardy Azaleas.. By the same, Garden, xxxiv., 416-417.
The Kew Arboretum. By the same, Garden and Forest, I., i. 40-
41; II. 53-54 ; III. 101-102; IV. 136-137.
Spec cimen Trees in Kew Gardens. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser.
III., iv., 504, 602, 724, 764
On the Structure, Dev lopment and Affinities of Trapella, Oliver,
a new genus of Pedalinez. By F. W. Oliver, Ann. Bot., ii, 75-114;
cf. iii. 134.
On the ree labellum of Masdevallia muscosa, Reichb. f. By the
same, Ann. Bot., i., 236-253
Cytisus P and its Allies. By R. A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron.,
Ser. III, iii. 523.
On the Scars occurring on the — of Dammara robusta, C. Moore.
By S. G. Shattock. with a supplementary note by W. T.
Thiselton- Dyer, Journ. Linn. fios xxiv., 441-450.
Plants flowering at Kew. By W. Watson, Gard. Chron., Ser. IIT.,
iv., 631, 661, 728.
Mosses of Madagascar. By C. H. Wright, Journ. Bot., xxvi., 263-
268.
Botanical Magazine, vol. exiv.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xviii. t. 1726-1800.
Grevillea, vol. xvi., March, June ; xvii., Sept., Dec.
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Nos. 13-24.
1889.
The Source of Badsha or Royal Salep. By J. E. T. Aitchison,
Ann. Bot., iii., 149-156.
Handbook of the Bromeliacew. By J. G. Baker.
Descriptions in English of about 800 species referred to 31 genera, with
references to figures. A — part of this had previously appeared in
the * Journal of Botany." (W. B.H.)
Enumeration d _the species of Kniphofia. By the same, Gard. :
Chron., Ser. III, vi., 588.
New T po m from Cape Colony. By the same,
Journ. Bot., xxvii., 1—4, 42-45.
New Ferns from Western China. By the same, l.c., 176-178.
On a new species of Polypodium [.P. Fawcettii], from Jamaica.
By the mé 1 C., 270.
Further Contributions to the Flora of Madagascar. By the same,
Journ. Linn. Soc., xxv., 294—350. i
Notes on Saxifrages. By the same, Journ. R, Hort. Soc, N. S, =
27-36.
70
The Botany of Roses, By the same, l.c., 205-209.
Catasétwun. By N.-E, Brown, Gard. Chron, Ser. IIL, vi., 559-
60.
On the Plants of Kohima and Muneypore. By C. B. Clarke, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xxv., 1-1
A new mod of SUMA By M. C. Cooke, and G. Massee,
Ann. Bot., iii., 33-40.
John Ball, F.R.S. By w. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Journ. Bot, xxvii,
365-370,
An Enumeration of all the plants known from China, &c. By
F. B. xU and W: B. Hemsley, (continued). Journ. Linn. Soc.,
xxvi., 0.
Rece nt Botanical Discoveries in China. By W. B. Hemsley, Garden
and Seis i.,I. 122-124 ; II. 230-231; III. 266-267 ; LV. 27b ;. W-
3
he Chinese and Japanese species of Buddleia. By the same, Gard.
Vims Ser. III., v. 595-596.
The History of the Chrysanthemum. By the same, te, 521-523,
555-557, 585-586, 652—654.
The Chinese Tulip Tree. By the same, l.c., 718.
Pachytheca. By J. D. Hooker, Ann. Bot., iii., 135-140. —
Chinese White Wax. By J. R. Jackson, Gard, Chron., Ser, II.,
v., 44.
A ct of the British Gastromycetes. By G. Massee, Ann,
Bot., iv., 1-103.
À Monograph of the prepares: Part I. By the same, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xxv., 107-155
Mycological Notes, By the same, Journ. Mycol., U.S. Dept.
Agric., Pathol., vol. i., 184-187. h
A Revision of the Trichiaces. By the same, Journ. R. Micr. Soc,
(1889), 325-359.
Agave Candelabrum. By D. Morris, Gard. Chron, Ser. III,
v. 76.
A Jamaica Drift Fruit, By the same, Nature, xxxix., 322-323,
Report rei of A Committee Zool. and Bot., West Indies. D.
— Secre p. Brit. Assoc. (1889). Cf. ‘Nature, xl, 553-
The Barberries. By G. Nicholson, Garden, xxxv., 264-265.
The Gordonias. By the same, l.c., xxxvi., 409.
History of the White Lilae Industry. By the same, Garden and
Forest, ii., 88.
The Kew Arboretum (continued). By the same, l.c., V., 207-208;-
re
Holiday Notes in Southern France and Northern Italy. By the
same, l.c., 494—495; II. 508-510; III. 518-519; IV. 932; V. 555;
Vi. 567-568 ; VII. 818-579; VIII. 603-604.
Specimen Trees in Kew Gardens. By the same, Gard. Chron.,
Ser. III., v. 44, 264.
Phalenopsis amabilis. By R.A. Rolfe, Gard. Chiron, Ser. III.,
v., 88.
List of Garden Orchids. By the same, l.c., Broughtonia-Cattleya,
491; Cattleya, 555, 619-620, 648- 649, 718, 744-746, 801-802 ;
vi., 78-79 ; Brassia, 155-156; Cattleyopsis- Leptotes, 323 ; Brassa-
vola, 35 4-355.
i ae i pentadactylon, Lindl. [Dimorphic Flowers]. By the same,
l.c., vi. -189.
A Mo — and Systematic Review of the Apostasiee. By the
same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxv., 211-243.
* Lindenia," v. From t, 207 most of the descriptions. By the same,
Caetus eulture for amateurs; being descriptions of the various
Cactuses grown in this country, with full and practical instructions for
their successful cultivation. By W.. Watson.
— came out in the “Bazaar” for 1885, and following years; now
sed and issued as a book.
WAR: pus in flower at Kew. By the game, Garden and Forest,
- 476, 488—489.
Plants in a flower at Kew. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. IIL, v.,
459, 563. : :
The Pinks of the Transvaal, By F. N. Williams, Journ. Bot.,
xxvii., 199-200.
Revision of the specific forms of the genus Gypsophila. By the
same, l.c., 321-329.
Botanical Magazine, vol. cxv.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xix. (t. 1301-1900).
Grevillea, vol, xvii., March, June; xviii., Sept., Dec.
' Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 25-36.
1890.
Fern Nomenclature and the Fern Conference. By J. G. Baker,
Gard. Chron., Ser. III., viii., 187.
Papaver pilosum and Heldreichii. By the same, l.c., 211,
Vascular Cryptogamia of New Guinea — by Sir W. Macgregor.
By the same, Journ. Bot., xxviii., 103-1
Tonquin Ferns. By the same, l.c., 262-268.
New Guatemalan Bromeliacex. By the same, I.c., 305-306.
72
“Sic Barklyane. By N. E. Brown, Hock. Ic. Plant, xx., t.
1901-1
On a Sos of Plants from Upper Burma and the Shan
By H. Collett and W. B. Hemsley, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii, 1-150.
Hardy water and bog-loving plants. By D. D[ewar], Gard. Chron.,
Ser. III, viii., 621.
'The genus "Xysmalobium. By G. F. S. Elliot, Journ. Bot., xxviii.
62-365.
An Enumeration of all the Plants known from China, &c. By F. B.
Forbes and W. B. Hemsley (continued), Journ. Linn. Soc., xxvi.,
121-316
Plants of the Keeling or Cocos Islands. By W, B. Hemsley, Field,
Ixxv., 275. .
The Weather Plant. By the same, l.c., 247—248. 7
The Flora of the Kurile Islands. By the same, l.c., 708.
Vegetation of the Highlands of British New Guinea. By the same,
l.e., lxxv., 432
A Survivor of the old Atlantic Insular Flora. By the same, l.c., 472.
y A Tree — By the same, Gard. Chron, Ser. IIL, vii.,
5-76.
John Miller and his Work. By the same, l.c., 255-256.
Humea elegans. By the same, l.c., 330.
The Genus Asarum. By the same, l.c., p. 420—422.
On an obscure Species of Triumfetta [T. subpalmata]. By the
same, Journ. Bot. xxviii., 1-2.
In Memory of Marianne North. By the same, l.c., 329-334
Report on the Botanical Collections from Christmas Island, Indian
office
Ocean, made by Captain J. P. Maclear, Mr. J. J. Lister, and
of H.M.S. “ Egeria.” By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc. s ŠV TA
The Wild Progenitors of the "isse es By the same,
Journ. Hort. Soc., N.S., xii., 111-114.
The Origin and Composition of the Flora of the Keeling Islands. By
the same, Nature, xli., 492-493,
Recent Additions to the Literature of Insular che dk d e.
the Kuriles, the Bahamas, Fernando Noronha). he same, le
xlii., 322- 324.
The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hooker, Parts 16, 17.
Commercial Botany of the Nineteenth Century. By J. R. Jackson.
pr om published in Cassell’s * Popular Educator.” A history of the intro-
duction and sources of vegetable products. (W. B. H.)
Tea and Coffee Substitutes. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. IIL,
viii., 758-759
A ae of the Genus Podazis, Desv. (= Podaxon, Fr.). By @..
Massee, Journ. Bet., xxviii., 33-39, 69-77.
73.
A Monograph = the Thelephoree. Part. II. By the same, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xxvii., 95-205.
Review of some points in the Comparative Morphology, Anatomy,
and Life-History -of the Conifere. By M. T. Masters, Journ. Linn.
Soc., xxvii., 226—332.
On the Characteristics of Plants included under ne Een ylon Coca,
Lam, By D. Morris, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxv., 381
the Production of Seed in certain varieties of the common Sugar-
Cane id egisti Officinarum, L.) By the same, l.c., xxviii, 197-
Holiday Notes X etek By G. Nicholson. Garden and eder
ii, IX., 3-4 ; 15-16 ; XI., 99; XII, 111; XII., 150-15
On Sarcodes sanguinea, Torr. By F. W. Oliver, Ann. Bot, iv.,
303—326.
List of Garden Orchids (continued). By R. A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron.,
or IIL, vii., Laelia, 107, 256-257, 333-334, 355; viii., 241—242, 652-
te genus] Phulenopsis in the Philippines. By the same, l.c.,
vii., p. 516.
The genus organ tage Pfitzer. By the same, Journ. Bot.,
xxviii., 135—137
On the sexual forms of Catasetum, with special reference to tlie
researches of Darwin and others. By the same, l.c., xxvii.,
. Descriptions of Orchids in Lindenia, vi. By the same,
Orchids: their Culture and Management, with Descriptions of all the
kinds in general cultivation. By W. Watson (assisted by W. Bean).
Phoenix Reebelenii. By the same, l.c., 272.
The Coco-de-Mer. [By the same], l.c., 514.
Fragrance in Ferns. By the same, l.c., 225-226.
Synopsis of the Genus Tunica. By F. N. Williams, Journ. Bot.,
xxviii., 193-199.
aus Plants deseribed by Arduino (1759-1769). By the same, l.c., 293--
The Carnation from a Botanical Point of View. By the same,
Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., xii., 464—470.
Botanical Magazine, vol. exvi.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xx., t. 1901-1950 ; xxi., t. 2001-2050.
Grevillea, vol. xviii, March, June; xix., Sept., Dec.
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 37-48, App. I-III.
1891.
On the Vaseular Cryptogamia of the Island of St. Vincent. ByJ.G.
Baker, Ann. Bot., v., 163-172.
74
A Summar T of the new Ferns which have been discovered or described
since 1874. By the same, l.c., 181-222, 301-332, 455-500.
Also reprinted in separate form.
Ferns of North-West Madagascar. By the same, Journ. Bot., xxix.,
-6.
On the Rubi of Capel Curig. By the same, l.c., 47-48.
A new Strongylodon [S. Cravenie] from Madagascar, By the
same, l.c., 74-75.
New Ferns from West Borneo. By the same, l.c., 107-108.
Further Contributions to the Flora of Paraguay. By J. Ball, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xxvii., 471-500,
Epilobium Duriei J. Gay, a new (?) English plant. By C. B. —
Journ. Bot., xxix., 225-228.
Tobacco Disease. By M. C. C[ooke], Gard. Chron., Ser. DI., ix., 173.
Effect of Past Winter on Shrubs at Kew. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer,
Gard. Chron., Ser. III, ix., 458.
The Geology of Round Island. By the same, Nature, xliii., 253.
'The Multiple Origin. of Races [with an unpublished Letter of Darwin
to Bentham]. By the same, l.c., 535-536.
. The Alpine Fiora. By the same, l.c., 581.
Botany of the Emin Relief Expedition. By the same, l.e., xlv., 8-9.
Note on Dr. Fenton Evans's Paper on the Pathogenic Fungus of
Malaria. By the same, Proc. R. Soc., xlix., 539-540,
"Novitates Capenses. By G. F. S. Elliot, Journ. Bot., xxxix., 68-74.
New and little-known Madagascar eei collected and emunerated.
By the same, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxix.,
An Enumeration of ail the Plants known fom China, &c. By F. B.
Forbes and W. B. Hemsley (continued), Journ. Linn, Soc., xxvi., 317—
396.
New Solomon Islands Plants. By W. B. Hemsley, Ann. Bot., v.,
501-508.
Recent Botanical Discoveries in China and Eastern Burma. By the
same, Garden and Forest, iv., L.,,74—75 ; IL, 88; III., 98-99; IV.
123-124; Ya 135; VL, 219 ; VIL, 267.
Aristolochia Gigas. By the same, l.c., x., (1891), 552.
The Flora of the Revillagigedo — due: = same, TeS xliii.,
471.
Vegetation of Lord Howe Island. By the same, l.c., 565-566.
Tea and its Substitutes. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., Ser. HI.,
ix., 10, 137-138, 345, 407, 567-568, 768; x., 72
Bass or Piassava. By the same, l.c., ix., 335. E
15
A. Sketch of the Vegetation of British Baluchistan, with Description
of New Species. By J. W. Lace and W, B. Hemsley, Journ. Linn.
Soc., xxvii., 288-327.
Notes on Mycetozoa. By A. Lister, Journ. Bot., xxix., 257-268.
New Fungi from Madagascar. By G. Massee, Journ. Bot, xxix.,
1-2.
Life-history of a AE Freshwater Alga. By the same, Journ.
Linn. Soc., xxvii, 457-4
Mycological Notes, II. ES the same, Journ, Mycol. (U. S. Dept.
Agric., Pathol., vi.), 178-18
Report of a Botanical Mission to the West Indies. . by D. Morri
Nature, xliv., 110-111 [cf. Bull. Misc. Information, 1891, nn. 53-54,
p. 109- -162.]
Evergreen Oaks, By G. Nicholson, Garden, xl., 95-96.
List of Garden Orchids (continued). By R. A. Rolfe, Gard. Chron.,
Ser. III., ix, Laelia (continued), (614-615, 651; Sophronitis,
668-670. Maes
Cattleya labiata, Lindl. By the same, l.c., x., 366-368,
Descriptions of Orchids in Lindenia, vii. By the same.
Descriptions also in Reichenbachia, i, p. 19 to end. By the same.
Encephalartos Frederici Guilielmi, By W. Watson, Garden and
Forest, iv., 208 -209.
Iris robinsoniana, By the same, l.c., 352.
. Protea nana. By the same, Le., 412.
Dendrobium Phalenopsis. By the same, l.c., 520-522.
Palms for the Greenhouse. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. LIL,
ix., 172,
Garden Palms. By the same, l.c., 234-235, 298, 671-672.
The Pinks of Central Europe. By F, N, Williams.
ary rmi in the Species of Rheum. By the same, Journ.
Boi xxix., 292-2 ane i
Two new aedem By C, H. Wright, Journ. Bot., xxix., 106-
107.
Botanical Magazine, vol. exvii.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xx., t., 1952-2000 ; xxi., t. 2051-2100.
Grevillea, vol. xix., March, June ; xx., Sept., Dec.
Bulletin of Miscellaneoys Information. Nos, 49-60.. App. L-IV.
1892.
On the Vascular Cryptogamia of the Island of Grenada, pi J.G.
Baker, Ann. Bot., vi., 95-102.
76
The new Lilies of China and Tibet. By the same, Gard. Chron.,
Ser. HE, xii 613.
Caralluma campanulata, N. E. Br. (Boucerosia campanulata,
Wight) [with a Revision of the Genus]. By N, E. Brown, Gard.
Chron., Ser. II., xii., 369-370. '
On Epilobium Durici, J.Gay. By C, B. Clarke, Journ. Bot., xxx.,
78-81.
On Holoschenus, Link. By the same, l.c., 321-323.
On Biologic Regions and Tabulation Areas. By the same, Phil.
Trans., clxxxiii. B., 371-387.
Christmas Roses, By D. Dewar, Garden and Forest, v. 42-43.
_Electro-culture. By W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Gard. Chron., Ser. ILI.,
EI .
Management of Trees, a Lecture. By the same, l.c., 817-818.
Botanical Nomenclature [with Letter by S. Watson]. By the same,
Nature, xlvii., 53-54
Researches on the denm of tbe Pollen Grain, and the Nutrition
of the Pollen Tubes. By J, R. Green, Phil Trans., clxxxv.
385—409.
Chelonespermum and Cassidispermum, proposed New Genera of
Sapotacee. By W. B, Hemsley, Ann. Bot., vi., 203-210
A Drift-seed (Ipomea tuberosa, L.). By the same, të; 369-372.
Death from Mushrooms. [By the same], Brit. Med. Journ., 1892,
Te, e 913.
e Australian e kas Livistona. By the same, Gard. Chron.,
sees T xi. (1892), p
The ^ ouem of Kew Gardens. By the same, l.c., 297-298, 393-394,
458-4
aes on à Botanical renee made by Mr. A. E. Pratt in
Western China, with Descriptions of some new Chinese plants from
various collections. By the same, Jour Linn. Soc., xxix., 298—322.
Year Book of Science, 1891.—Systematic and Topographical n:
By the same, pp. 402-416.
The Flora of British India. By J. D. Hooker, Part 18.
Eucalyptus Oil. By J. R. Jackson, Gard. Chron., Ser. III., xi,
203. à
The cultivation of Rice in China. By the same, l.c., xii., 273.
A Monograph of the Myxogastres. By G. Massee.
Heterosporum asperatum (Berk.) Massee, a Parasitic Fungus. By
the same, Journ. R. Mier. Soc. (1892), 577-584.
A new Marine Lichen. By the same, Journ. Bot., xxx., 193-194.
List of Conifers and Taxads in cultivation in the open air in Great
Britain and. E nd. By M. T. Masters, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., NS,
xiv., 179-25
77
the Phenomena concerned in the production of Forked and
Branched Palms. By D. Morris, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxix., 281-298.
Lichenes manipurenses, a cl. Dre. G. Watt cirea Manipur, ad limites
orientalis Indie Orientalis 1881-82 "os aaa Dr. J. Mueller [Ar-
goviensi], Journ. Linn. Soc., xxix., 217-2
Lichenes Epiphylli Spruceani, a cl. Spruce in regione eus Negro
lecti, additio ilis a cl. Trail in regione superiore Ama lectis
ex hbb. Kewensi recenter missi, quos exponit Dr. J. Mueller [Argoviensisf,
l.c., 322-333.
The Oleasters. By G. Nicholson, Garden, xli., 352—353.
The Skimmias. By the same, l.c., xlii., 133.
"The Broom and its allies. By the same, l.c., 188-190.
The Juneberries. By the same, l.c., 540—541.
Conifers as Specimen Trees and for Landscape Gardening. By the .
same, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., xiv., 34-40.
On Habenari-Orchis viridi-maculata, Rolfe, hyb. nat. By R. A.
Rolfe, Ann. Bot., vi., 325-327.
The genus Galeandra. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. III., xii.,
431.
List of Garden Orchids. By the same, l.c,, Eulophia, 582-583.
Descriptions of Orchids. By the same, in Lindenia, viii.
On the Sonerileæ of Asia. By 0. Stapf, Ann. Bot., vi., 291-323.
A Revision of Colenso's Hepatice, with Descriptions of new Species
collected by him. By F. Stephani, Journ. Linn. Soc, xxix., 263-
280.
Bomareas. By W. Watson, Garden and Forest, II., 78-79.
Jacobinia magnifica. [By the same], l.c., 317-318.
Richardias. By the same, Gard. Chron., Ser. IIL, xii., 123-124.
Rhododendrons. By the same, l.c., 667-668, 696-698, 741--742, 761—
762, 789-790
We NERS filifera. By the same, l.c., 677.
Musci Novi. By C. H. Wright, Journ. Bot., xxx., 263-264.
Botanical Magazine, vol, cxviii.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xxii., t., 2101-2125; xxiii., t., 2201-2250.
Grevillea, vol. xx., March, June ; xxi., Sept., Dec.
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 61-72; App. I—III.
1893.
A Synopsis of the Genera and Species of Musex. By J. G. Baker,
Ann. Bot., vii., 189-222.
78
A Synopsis of the Species of Cannas. By the same, Gard. Ohron.,
Ser. ILL, xiii., 42-43, 70, 164, 196.
Opening Address Ew pren mem Conference]. By the same, Journ.
R. Hort. Soc, N:S;
Collectors’ Numbers. pn C. B. Clarke, Journ, Bot., xxxi., 135-138.
Poisonous Fungus [Agaricus (8 p chad Fr.}. By M. C.
C[ooke], Gard. Chron., Ser. III.,
Perennial Sunflowers. By D. Bemat,’ ourn. R. Hort. Soċ., N.S., xv.,
26-38.
Report on ae mostly known as Michaelmas Daisies. By the
same, l.c., 238-
Yearbook of vam 1892. Botany, by W. B. Hemsley. pp. 449-
467.
The Flora of British Indis. By J. D. Hooker, Part 19,
Index Kewensis : plantarum phaneroganmrum-nomina et e rum
omnium generum et specierum a Linnaeo usque ad annum 1885 com-
tens; nomine recepto, auctore, patria unicuique plante ibet i :
Sumptibus beati C. R. win, ductu et consilio J. Ho
confecit B. D. Jackson. Fasc. 1 & 2 (Tomus i.).
On Trichospheria Sacchari, Massee; a Fungus eausing a Disease
of the Sugar-cane. By G. Massee, Ann. Bot., vii., 515-532.
On Clerodendron trichotomum. By G. Nicholson, Garden, xliii.,
504-505
The doniis. By the same, l.c., 212-213.
The Stuartias. By the same, l.c., 172-173.
The Cornels or Dogwoods. By the same, l.c., 152-154.
Lilies at Kew. By the same, Garden and Forest, vi., 413-415.
Repr. in Gard. Chron., Ser. IIT., xiv., 616-618
List of Garden veges By R. A, iu e Gard, Chron., Ser. In.
xiii. ; Lissochilus, 68 :
Orchids described in Paak ix. By the same.
The History of Orchid Hybridization. [By the same], Orch. Rev
i., 3-6, 35-40, 67-71, — 131-134, 195-197, 227-229, 259-263,
291-295, 323-328, 356-360.
Hybrid ent ha oenm. By the same, l.c., 142-144, 170-174, 201—
206, 275-278, 331-334
Eulophiella Elisabethe. By the same, l.c., 207-208.
Brassia bidens. By the same, l.c., 208.
Lelio-Cattleya x elegans, and L. x schilleriana. By the same,
l.c., 235-238.
Stanhopea inodora and S. graveolens. By the same, Lc., 258.
Satyrium Guthrie, By the same, l.e., 269-270.
Galeandra nivalis. By the same, i.c., 274.
79
Hybrid Oncidium” ^-By the same, 1.c., 298-302, ^ = ©
On the Secondary Tissues in certain Monocotyledons. By D. H.
Scott and G. Brebner, Ann. Bot., vii., 21-62.
On the Pitchers of Dischidia — (Wall). By D. H. Scott
and E. Sargant, Ann. Bot., vii., 244-26
Nymphea gigantea, By W. Watson, Garden and Forest, vi.
40-41. eS a.
Bromelia fastuosa. By the same, l.c., 224-225.
Notes from Cornwall, By the same y L.C., 444-445.
The cultivated species of Begonia. By the same, Journ. R. Hort-
Soc., N.S., xv., 165-184.
The Sintesi of Lychnis. By F. N. Williams, Journ. Bot.,
xxxi., 167-171.
. Botanical Magazine, vol. cxix»
Icones Plantarum, vol. xxii., t. 2126-2175; xxxii, t. 2251-2275.
Guide to thé Museums. No. 3, Timbers. Ed. rt.
Grevillea, vol. xxi., March, June ; xxii., Sept., Dec.
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 73-74, App. I.-III.
The Journal of the Kew Guild, an association of Kew Gardeners,
past and present. [Vol. i]
1894. ! dis
New Ferns of 1892-3. By J. G. Baker, Ann. Bot., viii., 121-132.
The Botany of High-cup Nick, Westmoreland. By the same, Journ.
Bot., xxxii., 299— 9-307.
On the Species and Garden Forms of Canna. By the same, Journ.
R. Hort. Soc., N.S., xvi., 178-188.
‘A Classification of Hardy Bamboos. By W. J. Bean, Gard. Chron.,
Ser. IIL, xv. 167-168 ; 238-239; 301-302 ; 368-370; 431.
An Enumeration of all the Plants known from China, &c. By F. B.
meos and W. B. Hemsley (continued), Journ. Linn. des xxvi, 397-
Researches on the Germination of the Pollen Grain and the Nutrition
of the Pollen Tube. By J. R — Proc. BR. iSoc., 1y.,..124—127
[abstract]; Phil. Trans., clxxxv. B., 385
Plants [of Karakoram]. By W. B. n
' Forms pp. 75-84 of the second Mor of “Climbing and Exploration i
Karakoram-Himalayas," by W. M. Conway.
"Japanese - Horticultural Literature. = By the same, Gard. Chron.,
Ser. III, xv., 69-70. i
.> Margaret Meen [a Botanical Artist of the last Century]. By the
same, Lec., 197-198.
80
Garbelling of Spices. By the same, l.c., 365-366.
ee William O as a Botanist. By the same, l.c., 429-434,
_ Baan of the Death Valley, California. By the same, lc. 555-
ges southern Fern Paradise. By the same, l.c., xvi., 34-35.
Robert John Thornton. By the same, l.c., 89-90, 154.
Mistletos. By the same, l.c., 745—146.
On two small Collections of Dried Plants from Tibet. By the same,
with an introductory note by Lieut.-Gen. R. Strachey, Journ. Linn.
Soc., xxx., 101-130.
The Flora of the Tonga or Friendly Islands, with descriptions of
and notes on some new or remarkable Plants from the Solomon Islands.
By the same, I.c., 158-217.
a oes By the same, Science Progress, i, I. 27-41;
IT. 387-4
The Flora of British India, By J. D. Hooker, Part 20.
Index Ke wensis . . . neat B. D. Jackson. Fasc. iii.
The Whampoa aa and the Whangee Cane. By J. R. Jackson,
Gard: Chron., Ser. III., xv., 559.
Diseases of the Grape Vine. By G. Massee, Gard. Chron., Ser? III,
L, 75.
Xvi,
An Oh Disease. By the same, l.c., 160.
Hydrangea hortensis var. lindleyana. By G. Nicholson, Garden,
xlvi., 466-467.
Lelia x finckeniana, By R. A. Rolfe, Orch. Rev., ii., 9-10.
Neuwiedia Lindleyi. By the same, l.c., 70-72.
Hybrid Odontoglossums (continued). By the same, l.c., 139-141,
200-201, 328—330.
M. Barbosa Rodrigues's Brasilian Cattleyas. By the same, l.c., 206-
207.
Restrepia antennifera and its Allies. By the same, l.c., 237-238.
Nomenclature of Cypripedium, By the same, l.c., 269-270.
Catasetum x splendens. By the same, l.c., 355-357. :
Lonicera Korolkowii. ` By 0. Stapf, Garden and Forest, vii., 34.
On the Flora of Mount Kinabalu in North Borneo. By the same,
Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. II., Bot., iv., Part 2, pp. 69-263.
Primary sub-divisions in the genus Silene. By F. N. Williams,
Journ. Bot., xxxii., 10-13.
A new Silene trom Teneriffe [S. brevistipes]. By the same, l.c.,
163.
81
Further Observations on the Organisation of the Fossil Plants of the
"e Measures. Part L, Calamites, Calamostachys, and Spheno
phyllum. By W. C. Williamson and D. H. Scott, Proc. R. Soc., lv., n7-
124 [Abstract] ; Phil. Trans., cIxxxv., B., p. 863-959.
The same, Part. e Roots of Calamites. By the same,
Proc. R. Soc., lvii., a [Abstr act]. ;
Hand-list of Trees and Shrubs grown in the jea. Part L
Polypetalæ
Botanical | Maca vol. exx.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xxii, t. 2176-2200; xxiii, t. 2276-2300;
xxiv., t. 2301-2350.
Grevillea, vol. xxii, March. June (discontinued).
Hand-list of Trees and Shrubs grown. in the Arboretum. Part I.
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Nos. 85-96 ; App. I.-II!.
The Journal of the Kew Guild [ii.].
1895.
Note on Myrosma cannefolia, Linn. fil. By J. G. Baker, Journ.
Bot., xxxiii., 40-42.
n the Botanical Work which has been done in the genus Primula
since the last Conference, By the same, Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S.,
1E. 3.
Bamboos and the past Winter. By W. J. Bean, Gerd. Chron.,
Ser. III., xvii., 762.
The Limes (Zilia). By the same, l.c., xviii., 764—760.
‘New South American D of Polygala. By A. W. Bennett,
Journ. Bot., xxxiii., 108-1
An Enumeration of the Dipterocarpacee, based chiefiy upon the
Specimens pieserved at the Roy erbarium and Museum, Kew, and
the British Museum; with Remarks on the Genera and Specie: By
D. Brandis, Journ. Lin n. Soc., xxxi., 1-148.
On the Origin of the Filamentous Thallus of Dumontia filiformis.
By G. Brebner, Journ. Linn. Soc., xxx., 436—443
On the Mucilage Canals of the Marattiacee. By the same, Le.
444-451.
Gazanias. By N. E. Brown, Garden, xlvii., 288-290.
Address to the Botanical Section [of the British Association]. By
. T. Thiselton-Dyer.
Repr. in Gard. Chron., Ser. III., xviii., 294-297, 328—330.
Variation and Specific Stability. By the same, Nature, li., 459—161 ;
[on Cineraria] lii, 3-4; cf. “The Origin of he Cineraria,” Gard.
Chron., ee : L, xvii, 742 ; xviii, "186.
u ; l oo
82
Descriptions of some New Plants from Eastern Asia, chiefly from
the Island of Formosa, presented by Dr. Augustine Henry to the
Herbarium, Royal Gardens, Kew. By W. B. Hemsley, Ann. Bot., ix.,
143-160.
Cases of eee d by Laburnum Seeds. [By the same] Brit. Med.
Journ. (1895) 11
Some of the bira of Amboina. [By the same] Gard. Chron.,
Ser. IIL, xvii., 132-133.
The Flora of Bourbon. By the same, l.c., 736-737.
Everyday Botany. By the same, Knowledge, N.S., xviii., 217-218.
n
Vitality of Seeds. By the same, Nature, lii., 5.
Cactaces in the Galapagos Islands. By the same, l.c., liii. 31. -
The Flora of the Galapagos Islands. By the same, l.c., 623.
pm eon x^ the AA Science Progress, ii., III. 379-398 ;
IV., l.c., iii, 23-34; V., 447-4
David s M.D. By J. d Hooker, Journ. Bot. xxxiii., 209-
Index Kewensis . . . confecit B. D. Jackson. Fasc. iv.
(et ult).
A Revision of the Genus Cordyceps. By G. Massee, Ann. Bot., ix.,
1-44.
Diseases of the Grape Vine. By the same, II., Gard. Chron., Ser. III.,
xvii., 101, 134. :
The * Sleepy disease " of Tomatos. By the same, l.c., 707—708.
Bag, oe ed as *' is Siena Disease' of Tomatos," in Journ. R. Hort.
sg IN B4 xix
Note on the Dices of Cabbages D allied plants known as * Finger
and Toe, &c." By the same, Proc. R. So 2c., lvii., 330-332.
L'interprétation des planches de Bulliard et leur concordance avec les
noms actuels, par Quélet, et en ce qui concerne les Myxomy-
cétes, par M. Massee. Rev. Myeol. xvii., 93-100, 141-148.
Cantor Lectures on Commercial Fibres, their history and origin, with
special reference to the Fibre Industries connected with Her Majesty's
Colonial and Indian Possessions. Delivered March 18, 25, and April 1,
1895, By D. Morris.
The Plants and Gardens of the "el Islands. By the same,
Journ. R. Hort. Soc., N.S., xix., 60-122.
A Jamaica Drift-fruit [ Sacoglottis amazonica, Mart.] By the same,
Nature, liii., 64-66.
'Thelotremez et Graphidez nove quas presertim ex hb. Reg. Kewensi
= Dr. J. Mueller [Argoviensis], Journ. Linn. Soc., xxx., 45l-
dec 'Trees and Shrubs. By G. Nicholson, Journ. R. Hort. Soc.,
N.S., xvii., 96-65.
83
The Magnolias. By the same, Gard. ipe Ser. III., xvii., 515-516.
An account of the genus Argemone. By D. Prain, Journ. Bot.,
xxxiii., 129-135, 176-178, 207—209, 301-912, 325—333, 363-371.
of Garden Orchids (continued). By R. A. Rolfe, Galeandra,
opin Gard Chron., Ser. IIT., xviii., 580-581.
Cypripedium x siamense. By the same, Orch. Rev., iii., 20-21.
Mexican hybrid Leelias, By the same, l.c., 45-48.
Are Stelis flowers irritable ? By the same, l.c., 56-57.
Hybrid Selenipediums. [By the same], l.c., 75-80.
Cattleya aurantiaca. By the same, l.c., 83-84.
Catasetum x splendens (continued). By the same, l.c., 85-86.
Cattleya Triane and ita varieties. By the same, l.c., 114-119.
Notes on the genus Catasetum. By the same, l.c., 138-143.
Cycnoches egertonianum. By the same, l.c., 233-236.
Cycnoches Warscewiczii and C. aureum. By the same, l.c., 263-264.
Cattleya. What constitutes a species ? [By the same], l.c., 266-270.
Vanillas of Commerce. [By the same], 1.c., 308-311.
Hybrid Odontoglossums. By the same, l.c., 325-329.
Oncidium spilopterum. By the same, l.c., 331—332.
Masdevallia trinema, By the same, l.c., 335-336.
Oncidium gravesianum. By the same, Rev. Hort. Belge, xxi., 73.
Descriptions in Reichenbachia, ii. By the same.
Pedaliacez, von 0. ome Engler u. Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. Lief.
115-116, pp. 253-26
Streptocarpus Dyeri. By W. Watson. Garden and Forest, viii., 5-6.
The “Spot” Disease of Orchids. By the same, l.c., 433-434.
Stapelia gigantea. [By the same], l.c., 514, 515.
<a odoratissimus. . By the same, Gard. Chron, Ser. III,
xvii
Giant Cacti at Kew. By the same, l.c., xviii., 190.
Begonia Disease. By the same, l.c., 544.
Orchids, their culture and management. By W. Went, AS b
W. Bean, ed. II. : i d
Further Voti i = the tetas a Oa of the Fossil Plants of the
WR lamites. x. W. C.
WwW d D. T. Boo; Phil, Trans., nikae B. 683-701
u Pak G
84
The same. Part III. Lyginodendron and Heterangium. By the
same, Proc. R. Soc., lviii., 195-204 [abstract].
Hand-list of Herbaceous Plants cultivated in the Royal Gardens.
Botanical Magazine, vol. cxxi.
Icones Plantarum, vol. xxiv., t. 2351-2400 ; xxv., t. 2401-2425.
Guide to the Museums. No. 2.
Hand-list of Trees and Shrubs. Part I. Polypetale.
Hand-list of Ferns and Fern Allies cultivated in the Royal Gardens.
Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Nos. 97-108. App. I.-II.
The Journal of the Kew Guild. [iii.]
DXLII.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
Mr. WinLiAw THORPE, a member of the gardening staff at Kew,
has been appointed a propagator at the Botanic Gardens at Durban, in
the Colony of Natal. He left for South Africa on December.5, 1896.
Visitors during 1896.—The number of persons who visited the Royal
Gardens during the year 1896 was 1,396,875. That for 1895 was
1,407,369. The average for 1886-95 was 1,425,526. The total number
on Sundays was 536,181, and on weekdays 855,715. The maximum
number of visitors on any one day was 86,399 on May 25, and the
smallest 62 on March 18.
The detailed monthly returns are given below :—
January - - - - 20,378
February - - - - 27,782
arch ` - - 33,648
Aprl - - - - - 199,927
May — - 3 : - 800,353
June - - - - - 203,305
- - . 202,261
August - " - - 264,043
September : - - . 29,997
October - - - E - $993,070
November - - - 23,074
December = 3 2 : 15,137
Total - - 1,396,875
Botanical Magazine for December.— The number for this month
concludes the 122nd volume of the work, which is dedieated to Mr.
Gustav Mann, late As me Conservator of Forsta, Assam.
plants figured are: Gra matophyllum rumphianum, Prunus sub-
hirtella, Coriaria japonica, s Ojand Exul, and Iris albopurpurea.
The Grammatophy beer is a robust orchid from the Moluecas and
Borneo. Two plants were received at Kew, one from Mr. C. Ls ;
F.L.S., :Mecephu aite of the Botanic Gardens, Hone and the à)
85
other from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, both abel m in
June 1895. The pretty Japanese Prunus was received fro essor
Sargent, Director of the Arnold Arboretum, Boston, in "1895, and
flowered at Kew in April of the present year. The flowers app
before the leaves. The Coriaria, also Japanese, flowered in Canon
a
very conspicuous. ee ds sent to Kew by Professor Sargent produced
plants one of which flowered simultaneously with that in Canon
Ellacombe’s garden. a pni Evul, native of Siam, closely
resembles C. insigne. The figure was prepared from a plant which
was sent to Kew in 1892 3 Messrs. F. Sander & Co. The Iris is a
new species, imported from Japan. It flowered at Kew in June.
Journal of Sir Joseph Banks—In the Historical Account of Kew -
remarked: ** No scientific man of his eminence iere d ever did so
little personally, or was the inspiring cause of so much being done
rs.” This is only true in the sense of work actually
ra
"d
been little or wethiug to show for it. fle has not even | received peel
for the remarkable Journal, now published aíter the lapse of more than
a century, of Captain Cook's first voyage round the world. It was
largely, it is true, embodied in Hawkesworth's narrative. But there is
nothing to show who was responsib!e for any partieular description or
statement.
Three years ago Cook’s own Journal was published by Admiral
Wharton. That of Banks is at length, after the singular series of
accidents described by the editor, given to the world. It cannot be
doubted that it places Banks’s scientific reputation in an entirely new
position. In ardour, judgment, energy, keenness of observation, and
indefatigable scientific interest we see that he takes his place in the ve
front rank of scientific explorers. But the fact remains that his labours
yielded no tangible result at his own hands, and till the present publiea-
iion cf his Journal, the world may be said to have remained ignorant of
their extent. The vast series of figures on copper-plates of the plants
collected whieh Banks had prepared at his own cost remains unutilized
at the British Museum. It might have been thought that the trustees
made these available to science if only as a memorial to their author.
Nothing could be more appropriate than that the task of editing the
Journal should have fallen into the hands of Sir Joseph Hooker. He
followed Banks in the investigation of the flora of the extreme south of
America and of New Zealand, and was actually the first to publish many
of the plants first collected by him and his botanist, Dr. Solander, both in
his Flora Antarctica and his Flora Nove Z ven And he also ulti-
mately followed him in the scientific direction of
Nothing is more remarkable about the book, disinterred as it is from a
long oblivion, € itsfreshness. It depicts the countries of the oe
hemisphere as they first revealed themselves to northern navigators and
records with vivid accuracy AREETA of savage life which are for the
most part passed away for eve
86
Australian Myrmecophilous Plants —In Banks’s Ces (p. 304) of
Captain Cook’s first voyage, lately edited by Sir Joseph Hooker, he
describes an epiphytic plant having a large tuberous tesa permeated by
innumerable winding passages invariably inhabited by ants. The species:
observed by Banks was inhabited by red ants, eveu in a young state,
a large turnip.” Banks identified it with the Gad Formicarum ruber
of Rumphius vereri rium vete vi. p. 120. 5. f. 2), subsequently
named Myrmecodia Rumphii by Bee B CMalesid, ii. p. 117), which,
however, is only kno iuvit certainty i ‘inhabit Amboyna. No species of
this singular group of renee is included in Bentham’s Flora ‘Misbrliekieis
(1866) ; but in 1867, Dr. Ch. Moore, Director of the Sydney Botanic
Gardens, sent some living plants, which had been brought from Cape
York by Captain Nares, to Kew. In 4 communication relating to these
plants (Journal of js vi. SERES p. 92), Mr. G. Bennett quotes a
letter from Dr. [now Sir Joseph] Hooker, in which they are mentioned
as Myrmecodia armata and gg aiu Jor micarum. These names
were taken up by F. Mueller (Fragmenta. Phytographie Australis
i, p. 45), and the latter is repeated in the icm edition of his Census of
VITA Plants, p. 75; whilst the former is given as M. echinata,
which, in Pie second edition of the Census, is again altered to M. Antoini?.
cessful in cultivating the plants in question, and un-
dare thé. dead plants were not preserved, either as museum or her-
bar pecimens, so that we cannot be certain what they were, though
thé e evidence is against the original determinations. This is not sur-
prising because at that im: d about half a dozen of the fifty species
now known had been des
The first successful impor of ps plants of Myrmecodia seems
to have been made d Messrs, J. Veitch, who esa a plant of
M. Beccarii, Hook. f. (Botanical Magazine, t. 5883) to Kew in 1886.
In the sane year Mr. H. O. Forbes sent Hy ydnophytum | Forbesit,
Hook. f. (Botanical Mosinee, t. 7218) from New Guinea to Kew,
where it has been essfully cultivated. In 1891 a plant of
H yanophy r dongi dicen, À . Gr., a native of Fiji, wassent to Kew by
wii of the Botanical Station there. This flowered in
Australian species is represented in the Museum by a specimen from
Somerset, North Australia, collected by the Macleay Expedition. 1t is
apparently Hi opi ytum crassifolium, Becc., a species found in the
Aru Is n German New Guinea, two very distant localities.
prre A "Sir Joseph Hooker (Botanical Magazine, 1894, sub. t
apes Dr. A. R. Wallace was the first to attempt the introduction of
e plants, having sent a Myrmecodia to Kew about the year 1860
There are also plants in the Museum of the three Australian species ‘tiated
above, sent by the late Walter Hill, haga of the Brisbane Botanic
Garden, which arrived in a dead conditi
[W- B. H.]
. Massee.
necans
Rhizopus
Wy man & Sons, US Lith
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
Nos. 122-123.] FEBRUARY and MARCH. [1897.
DXLIII.—A LILY BULB DISEASE.
(Rhizopus necans, Mass.)
"With Plate.
During the past year a destructive wave of fungoid disease almost
completely ruined the crop of lily bulbs raised in Japan for exportation
to Europe. The first indication of this disease received at Kew, was
through Messrs. Tozer, Bros. and Co., of Gracechurch Street, who sent
a large number of diseased bulbs for examination. These bulbs formed
part of a consignment received from Japan in November last, consisting
of 848 cases, containing 73,050 bulbs of Lilium speciosum, Thurb.,
“album” and “rubrum.” Out of this sate ans 250 bulbs arrived
in a saleable aidan, the whole of the rem r being more or less
rotten and worthless. At a later date the sa p received a second
consignment of 37, 590 very large bulbs of Lilium auratum, and out of
this quantity only 4,000 were saleable. Similarly diseased bulbs,
received from Japan, were afterwards sent to Kew for examination
from other sources. Finally, a quantity of bulbs obtained through an
agent from Japan, for planting at Kew, contained a large percentage
suffering from the same type of disease.
The bulbs received for investigation showed every stage of disease ;.
in the earliest condition, the base of the bulb is alone discoloured and
somewhat soft ; this discolouration and softening of the tissues graduall
spreads from the base, until finally, in the most advanced stage, every
part of the bulb is of a brownish colour, and sufficiently soft to admit of
being readily crushed into a pulpy mass between the fingers.
opic examination revealed the scm of slender, continuons,
hyaline, branched hyphae traversing the tissues in every direction ; the.
cell-walls are never pierced, but gradually dissolved, and it is only at
the last stage of the disease that the starch grains become irregularly
corroded, and gradually dissolved.
So long as the epidermis of the bulb-scales remains intact there is no
trace of uy eellni or fructification on the surface, but when the tissue
is reduced to a soft pulp, or when a diseased bulb is cut open, the broken
surface is within 24 hours covered with a dense snow-white mycelium,
ditiis suggested that it might possibly be in some T associated
U 98709. -1375.—8/97. We 198. A
88
with the disease, and subsequent cultures and inoculations proved this
surmise to be correct.
d
of the liquid was covered with the fungus in a fruiting condition.
When spores were sown in a hanging-drop along with a very thin
section of lily bulb-scale, it was observed that the germ-tubes could not
enter the tissue through the epidermis, but that they entered readily at
those points where the celis were not protected by the epidermis.
set of experiments were also carried out, using healthy lily bulbs,
some of which were furnished by Messrs. Tozer, for inoculation. For
a large supply of spores, which were tested and found to germinate
readily. ‘These spores were collected with a wet camel-hair brush and
i :
y
with sterilised cotton wool as before. The water in which two other
bulbs were growing was inoculated as above, but the roots of the bulbs
Finally, 1 per cent. of salicylic acid was added to the water in which
two more bulbs were growing, a copious supply of the inoculating water
added, the roots of the bulbs broken off, the bulbs replaced, and, as in
the other instances, protected with cotton wool.
At the end of six weeks the two bulbs whose roots were not
destroyed appeared to be quite healthy ; they were then planted in soil,
e still growing and show no indication of disease. The two
bulbs with broken roots showed signs of disease ut the end of three
.
weeks after inoculation, and at the six weeks period the disease had
occurring on the bulbs received from Japan. The companion bulb was
also. diseased, and in about three months was soft and rotten, and
covered with the fungus in a fruiting condition. The two bulbs with
broken roots th growing in water containing 1 per cent.
of salicylic acid remained quite healthy, made fresh roots, and are still
living.
rous experiments were made with other kinds of bulbs, and it
was found that the fungus refused to grow on onions, however much
mutilated. On the other hand, daffodil bulbs are very susceptible to the
89
«isease; if the roots are broken, or a wound made in the bulb, and
afterwards powdered with the spores, the disease showed itself within a
a few days, and was in due course followed by the characteristic fruit of
‘the fungus. It was invariably found that, however much bulbs were
mutilated, and then inoculated with fungus spores, that submergence
for a few minutes in a 1 per cent. solution of salicylic acid, or corrosive
-sublimate prevented the disease; in other words, all fa ungus spores
ming in contact with the above-named solutions are destroyed,
Boe the vitality of the bulbs thus treated is not at all affected.
Dr. Halstead has described* a somewhat similar disease, called * soft-
fon j
‘already descri in requiring a somewhat lengthened period of rest
before they ER, by this 1 means tiding the fungus over i period
of the year not suitable for its growth, and germinating when favour-
-able conditions, climatic and otherwise, return. During this Pup. <4
‘rest, the zygospores remain in the soil, or attached to the substance
which they were produced. The m inute spores pests deroribed,
an
enable the plant to extend its area of distribution; and as these spores
are produced very quickly, and in immense numbers, it can
understood how rapidly the disease spreads when once introduced into
E given locality.
e fungus causing the lily bulb disease, although allied to Rhizopus
ies irme is quite distinct from this and every other known species, and
may be characterised as follows :—-
RHIZOPUS NECANS (n. sp.).
Hyphis sterilibus continuis conglomeratis ab se tenuibus candidis ; -
hyphis sporangiferis e ite simplicibus vel interdum furcatis 3-6-fasci-
eulatis continuis flavo-brunneis 20-25 uh dui irca 2 mm. "ditis basi
stolones longos émififontUns; sporangiis globosis circa 250 iam.
brunneo-nigris opacis glabris; columella subglobosa.; sporis ase
minutissime striatis 5-6 p diam. pallide oiivattene bruit is; zygosporis
doliformibus 100-120 » diam, hispidis subnigris
arasitic on bulbs of various species of Lilium.
JAPAN,
SUMMARY,
The lily bulb disease is caused by a parasitic fungus called Rhizopus
necans.
The fungus cannot penetrate the gers tissues of ton: ball but
gains an entrance t throu h wounds,
The spores of Rhizopus necans are killed by a short immersion in a
1 per cent. solution of corrosive sublimate or of salicylic acid.
* New Jersey Agric, Coll. Expt, Station, Bull, n. 76.
A 2
$0
Neither of these substances have any injurious effect on living bulbs,
e d ey do not remain in the liquid for more than fifteen
nutes,
PREVENTIVE MEASURES.
The fungus is by no means — to lily bulbs for its food ; but, as
experiments have proved, can live on a great variety of dea or decom-
posing substances; it may also occur as a parasite on other plants than
lilies in Japan as it readily attacks and ci i daffodil bulbs. Judging
if this were ded eat care would have to be exerci ised, so as not to
introduce thefungus; the spores are readily conveyed from one. locality
to another in the soil on tools, cart wheels, shoes, clothing, &e., in addition
to being carried by wind or ‘animals, An important point to remember
is not to allow vegetable rubbish of any kind to — a all
diseased bulbs should be burned and not allowed to rema the
ground, otherwise the zygospores that form on such old Pme Billi
would siart the disease the following season.
As little injury as possible should be dove to the roots of the bulbs
when they are removed from the ground, and the bulbs reds be allowed
to * sweat” before they are packed for exportation. If the fungus is
known to be present when the bulbs are being be pity er packing,
they might be placed in a solution of salicylic acid as a
The sterilised earth in which the bulbs are packed a pone very
suitable ed the work, and Bebes: be inany way considered as a cause of
the dise
G. MassEE.
DESCRIPTION or THE FIGURES.
1. Section of a diseased lily bulb; the dark portion at the base of the
bulb is the part attacked by the fangus ; nat, size.
2. Portion IN "Ss fungus in the fruiting condition, growing on
the roots of a lily ;
3. Clusters of Kee branches of the fungus; x 8.
4. À emm cluster of the sporangial form of fruit; x 60.
matic section of a sporangium; a, columella; the portion, b,
between the tien and the outer wall of the sporangium is filled with
spores.
6. Spores, some of which are germinating ; x 300.
7. Spores showing the delicate markings on the epispore; x 1,000.
8. Mature zygospore; x 300.
9. Mycelium of the fungus running between cells filled with starch ;
x 400.
91
DXLIV.—TENGAH BARK.
The species of the small natural group of Mangroves form one of the
most characteristic features of the muddy tidal estuaries of the tropics.
Rhizophora, jar typical eem is found in c" the old and the new
world; the others are confined to the form
e Kew Bulletin for 1892 ob. 227232) contained a full account
of an attempt to introduce West Indian Mangrove bark into European
commerce as a tanning material.
The present corr espondence g gives the available information respecting
one of the East Indian Mangrov es, Ceriops candolleana, which appear
to be attracting some attention.
DIRECTOR, QARCENS AND Forest DEPARTMENT, STRAITS
SETTLEMENTS, to ROYAL GARDENS, Kew
Singapore,
Dear Mar. Tuatserton-Dyer, November 8, 1892.
nding you a small box of extract of Tengah bark
(Ceriops candolleana). This bark is used here for tanning, and also
for dyeing, especially in vie Las ien with Indigo. The bark was cut
up in bits and boiled for two hours in a copper pan, and the liquid
eventually dried by €
In dyeing, it is sed to give a brownish red colour to ven e
especially to get er black and purple. The cloth is firs t dye
engah, dried, and then dipped in Indigo, and comes out Nes =
black according to the strength used.
The tree is very common here and used as firewood, and the bark
mostly wasted. So it could be prepared at no great cost. I should be
pe if you would get an opinion on it either as either a dye or a tan.
pits extracts have, I believe, been tried wating but have not
between the species, but all kinds of barks ave tbe stewed up
together and the result tried. Now, 1am going to work through all
the Mangrove tan barks one by one, and try if we cannot make some
use of them.
Yours, &c.
` (Signed) Henry N. RIDLEY.
Nore by the PROFESSOR OF DYEING, YORKSHIRE COLLEGE, LEEDS.
“Tengah” bark extract behaves, as aati its dyeing properties,
in a similar manner to a good quality of Cat
When used along with Indigo, as is vereint the "eges the latter
is probably applied in a * copperas" (ferrous sulphate) vat; in which
case the ** Tengah " will combine with the iron and mme A as indieated
cie a grey colour, which in conjunction with the Indigo blue gives
the b
Tengal extract would certainly be of value to dyers.
(Signed) J. J. HuwMzr.
February 8, 1893.
92
Messrs. WALLACE BROTHERS to Royan GARDENS, Kew..
8, Austin Friars, London, E.C.,
SIR, Febr 189
E are sending you by parcel post a sample of Mangrove bark:
from British North Borneo, which we understand is known there. as
Kulit Tengah Mangrove. wel this bark a substance is. produe
which is used largely in. dyeing, and we shall feel much obliged if you
will inform us whether the particular description of Mangrove t tree fro
which this bark is produced is found in British gaa sphepa are, we
know, large quantities of Mangrove trees in Burma, but we are not sure
if they consist of the particular description geom ee the sample
we are sending
We understand that the common Mangrove, generically known in
Borneo as omen also produces a dye, but of a darker colour than the
engan.
erhaps you-can oblige us viua the botanical names of the Tengah:
and of the common Mangrov
We are, &c.
Signed) WALLACE BROTHERS.
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G., F.R.S.,
Director, Royal Gar dens, Kew.
‘Royar GARDENS, Kew, to Messrs. WALLACE BROTHERS,
Royal Gardens, Kew,
Sirs, February 12, 1897.
I am in receipt of your euer of giu s date.
Tengah bark is an article known to only from the Straits Settle-
ments, Its botanical name is obra obudotilna. It belongs to the
mangrove family, and ne doubt occurs both in Borneo and in all the
tidal rivers of British India. It has been studied in the Leeds Dyeing
School, and was regarded as ** of value to dyers."
2. I should he disposed to regard the article known as ** eiua Cutch’”
as gom derived from "A same plant as the ** Tengah extract,”
e two species ove which are widely mb through-
de ‘the eastern tropies are Pr A Dea mucronata and Rhizophora
conjugata.
I am, &c.
(Signed) W. T. TuiskrTON-DvER.
Messrs. Wallace Brothers,
, Austin Friars, London, E.C.
DXLV.—WEST INDIA SUGAR TRADE.
e following article is reproduced from the Times of Novem
ber 30th last. It gives an extremely clear account of the state at that
date of the problem of sugar cultivation in British Colonies and the
cause of its decay. And it is the more valuable as it does this from an
impartial and independent point of view :—
“ The position of the West Indian sugar trade, which has led to the
appointment of an Poe Commission to proceed to the West Indies
93
and inquire on the spot into the conditions of the sugar industry, with
a view to ascertaining whether any effective measures can be devised
for its development and relief, is one which can hardly fail to arouse
both sympathy and interest.
* It would be in every sense undesirable, on the eve of such an inquiry
as is now about to be held, to take conclusions for granted on the man
voutio iod points with which the subject bristles. There is no
necessity to assume, on the one hand, that the industry is the altogether
hapless victim of cireumstances which are beyond the range of possible
control, or, on the other, that with proper exertion on the part of those
who are most largely interested the evils complained of might in spite
of circumstances have been surmouuted. An unbiassed statement of
posen itself, whatever the causes mbination of causes by which such
situatio may h ave been produced, will iiid the urgency of according
full vitüiderei éd to the question
“Tt has to be borne in mind that the sd Ap colonies are
principally agricultural - their resources. the exception of
British Guiana, where the development of the zold industry is now
confidently expected, they have so ie given little indication of mineral
wealth. Their position and the nature of their labouring population
preclude the idea of manufacturing Tevel pisni on any important scale.
A1iaongst their agricultural produeti ons sugar has hitherto held the
principal position. In British Guiana, which is the largest sugar-
producer of the group, the sugar industry, notwithstanding the promise
of other developments in the near future, is still spoken of as practically
contributed the principal reven It is also, it should be added, the
industry in whose in ts the incidence of M od 3d colony has
eid principally adjusted. It is worth statin ssible
the cultivation of sugar has hitherto m olcied this very prominent
position in the agricultural production of British Guiana, there is no
natural dearth of other tropical products which might in favourable
circumstances be brought into commercial cultivation, In Jamaica the
laie years diminished, and the prosperity of the colony stands on a
wider basis. Bananas and other tropical fruits, cacao, coffee, cocoa tog
cinchona bark, &e., form a considerable item in the trade of Jamai
The development giv en to the fruit trade and the fibre industry in the
Bahama Islands proves the value of products which have hitherto been
regard ees only minor importance in the possible resources
of tropical and sub-tr ical agriculture. In relation to these as yet
scarcely developed possibilities, it has been pointed out that we hàve
‘in British Guiana alone an area of country equal to two Ceylons quite
untouched ; in British Honduras we have more than the area o =
Fiji Islands ; to Trinidad we could add the wealth of the Strai
Settlements, and with the resources of the unwo orked soil of siis
we might emulate the prosperity of at least four chat: of the size of
Mauriti tius.’
“ Acknowledging to the full all that there may be to urge in fayour
. of further development of other agrieultural resources, we must, however,
recognise that sugar is at present and has been for many years past the
principal mainstay of West Indian production. In British Guiana
94
ugar and its accompanying products have been calculated to
yery similar position. In Jamaica, notwithstanding the redi of
other industries, sugar only forms 20 per cent. ofthe total export.*
Trinidad, happy in the possession of a pitch lake, counts sugar as its
staple production, With rare exceptions the West Indian Colonies may
be correctly stated to regard the prosperity of the piger industry and the
. pros perity of their local populations as synonymous terms. Jepression
in the sugar trade means for them financial embarrassment in private
circles, cca of the public revenue, discontent among the labouring
ulatio:
PE It isa a lüiier of common knowledge that depression in the West
Indian sugar trade has now reached a point at which estates are going
out of cultivation in some of the leading sugar colonies, and very serious
consequences are anticipated both to the public and to the private pros-
perity of the ec v irae ed.' Remedial measures have become
markets of the world, nor to a diminished power of production. ‘The total
sugar production of the world for the year 1880 was 3,830,000 tons.
The total production of the world for the year 1895 was 7, 879, 000 tons.
e increase is large for a period of 15 years, and if the West Indian
Islands had kept a fair proportion of the increased production in their
beer eas ought to have no reason to complain. iifabtonatcly, this is
ot the case. ne sugar of the world is of two kinds, cane sugar and
beet sugar. The West Indians are producers of cane sugar alone, and
when the total of the world’s sugar production is divided under the two
heads of vane and beet it will be found that the increased production
has been almost wholly in beet sugar. ‘The figures for 1880 are :—
Cane sugar, 2,200,000 tons; beet nes d ,630,000 tons ; and vhs figures
for 1895 are—cane sugar, 2,904,000 to : beet sugar, 4 975, O0 tons.
Nearly the beca inerease has been ades in the produetion of edt sugar,
ion uut. Indian colonies has remained for many years in quantity
tstationary. Had it remained stationary in value the situation
might ‘stil have been endurable, but the natural effect of increased supply
in bringing down the level of prices aes been artificially heightened by
a system of foreign bounties, on the one hand. and of duties, on the
other, until in the course of last year prices fell to something not far
rom 50 per cent. of the values realized in the comparatively recent days
of West Indian prosperity, According to a statement made before a local
Nessuna d in 1894 to inquire ee the matter, in British
cane sugar cost 14/. Od. to produce, and
ita average value in ‘the market at that time was MT 19s. 2d. Unde
these conditions the more sugar the West Indian planter produced the
greater was the loss he suffered.
“The conditions of production of beet sugar appear to have been in
themselves scarcely more profitable. The total production of beet sugar
for 1894 was estimated in round numbers at 5,000,000 tons, at a a =
9l. a ton. ‘The price realized for beet sugar was 84. ton,
senting what would under Bp conditions have been a total deem to
the € industry of 1,250,000/. But the annual sum paid in
bounties by the foreign Governments under whose protection the beet-
sugar akeri is fostered, amounted for that year to 4,290,000/. If the
* The Times stated 60 per cent. But this was an obvious error,
99^
figures are correct, the beet sugar r-jndnstty, working at a commercial
loss, r received from the taxpayers of the countries in which it is located
which reprenented the very TAE profit of 3, nat ,0007. The
bones being paid at so much a ton, the beet-sugar grower has every
incitement to uma to produce so long as what may is termed his
political gain outbalanecs his commercial loss.
* Under such conditions of competition with regard to production the
West Indian planter may be pardoned if he "has his moments of
Here, again, the Continental system is against him. In Great Britain,
where there are no duties, the consumption per head of the population
reaches s. In Franc ce, where there is a duty of 24l. a ton,
consumption falls to 28 lbs. per head of the population. In Germany is
is 26 lbs. a head, in Austria it is 17 lbs. Thus, while the production is,
on the one hand, stimulated by bounties, consumption is, on the other
hand, restricted by duties. Supply is artificially increased, demand is
artificially diminished, and the interference with economic law is
complete.
* The situation as it is offers, however, certain elements of hope. in
the first place, the burden of the bounties on the taxpayers of the
Continent becoming every pour more weighty, tends by that very fuct
bring about its own cu At the present. rates of bounty a iic
EE as that of last Je aval an annual cost in round numbers of
almost 5,000,000/. to the bounty-giving Gov mate Every further
fall in price Ps increases the burden, and a decrease of 17. per ton
in the market price would mean, at present rates of production, a
further charge of 5,000,000/. ‘The most patient taxpayers revolt
when sueh charges for the benefit of one iudustry are piled too
population of Great Britain the restrictions placed upon the consump-
tion of the Continent may present a source of somewhat bitter reflection
to the sugar grower, there is comfort in ies reflection that the powers
of consumption of the world's markets y no means reached their
limits, and that, if by any change of ouis the duties should at some
future time be diminished, the demand might readily be doubled. If by
e removal of bounties production were reduc re s natural levels
and by the removal of duties demand w fiue od its na
limits, there would be room for growers "of both xd and beet, and all
might yet ve with the sugar industry.
“ The pressing question for ‘the West Indian sugar growers is how to
hold out till this favourable change shall take place. Representations
of the necessity for action of some kind have poured in upon the
Imperial Goroit in the form chiefly of petitions for relief, from
the yen, sugar colonies, and it is perhaps not altogether unpatural
that, foremost among the proposals of the suffering planter, is the
request that his production of sugar also might be supported at the cost
of the taxpayers by a system of. English bounty and the imposition of
countervailing duties at English ports. He is so urgently in need of
mo er that any means by which it may be obtained would be acceptable
to hi
= That men seeing themselves on the verge of grave disaster should
be willing to snatch at any means in their power to avert the peril is
96
comprehensible, but that any radical improvements in the conditions
of the industry could be brought about by a further stimulus to supply
accompanied by a further restriction of deitha is a view which wili
hardly be aA by the disinterested observer. To grant this form
of relief would be to prolong indefinitely a position which can only lead
to further mischief and extend the area of inevitable industrial disaster.
Other means than these must be found to enable the West Indian
industry to live through the paese period - depressicn.
* It must not be forgotten that at this moment there is a portion of
c
prosperity, not only holding its pesidoti in the teeth of adverse fortune,
but. expanding and strengthening its position, The "eere sugar
i k h
sugar factories, but it has been instrumental in settling a prosperous
class of small farmers uid sant proprietors upon the soil
I
cost in labour o fo ap was and a saving of 3/. 5s. per ton
would at once be effected. Three pounds five shillings saved in cost of
production would be more valuable than any bount which is at present
paid by ens ar nations, and, if the Veniet » üpbliésble, would.
alone suffice to save the West Indian sugar industry.
“To assume that the conditions are exactly pm and that any
exact parallel ean be drawn would be unjust until € conditions have
been more fully inquired into. The argument indicates only possibili-
ties which may exist, and may, for causes unknown to us, have been
overlooked. A com — of "onc investigators able thor oughly
to examine the whole position need not begin their labours without
hope of arriving at some practica iolutión of vw difficulties with which
the sugar tidintr yd is ilron , and if it should be found possible to
include in the commission somé members havin knowledge of the
conditions of the sugar industry i in — the chances of success
will be materially increased.”
DXLVI.—PRICES OF HOME-GROWN TIMBER
for 1896.
The following article reprinted from the Gardeners’. Chronicle of
January 2, of the present year, is a useful summary of the prices of
home- -grown timber during the preceding one. The subject is one of
frequent inquiry.
During the year 1896 * the prices of home-grown timber and forest
roduce “generally, cannot be said to have greatly improved. Certainly,-
ea
during the last three months, and for certain kinds it may truthfully be
said that the dean greatly exceeds the supply. This is especially
true with oak, , and larch of good quality and large size, these
meeting with a Fenty sale at fair rices. Large clean oak fetches from.
1s. 8d. to fully 2s. per fcot, and several small parcels of gn pese
changed hands of late at prices even in excess of any just named
too, finds a ready market at ls. 8d. per foot, and that of extra
quality was sold at an auction lately for 2s. per foot. Of course, the-
— between clean grown plantation trees, and those from the
fiel hedgerow is apparent to everyone interested in the conversion.
of our dide as woods, and the purchaser pays accordingly. Elm is
still a drug in the market, and plenty, of perhaps not the best quality,
ean be got at the low fizure of 6d. a foot, and a large batch of roughish
trees recently was sold for 4d. a foot. Large and sound sycamore finds
a ready market at highly remunerative prices, and I recently sold a
number of first-class trees at 2s. 6d. per foot, but from. 1s. 8d. to 2s. is
nearer the mark general
“ Then, * maiden ° willow, if fit tor pita Ag: finds a quick sale at
high prices, and here again the supply falls far short of the demand.
Beech, such as that produced on the Chiltern Hills, and in certain
of Kent, dpa and Hertfordshire, sells readily at fully 1s. per foot,.
though 8d. is the ave rage price in most parts of the country. The
demand for this class of timber is very good at presenrs but rough,
knotty small stuff can hardly be sold at even firewood pri
,
“ Both alder and birch fetch 10d. per foot, — A in dad where:
the making of clog-soles is a part of ihe indus
* Larch sells perhaps more readily than any idee of our home-grown.
timbers, the rers E this on hand at the present time being small
indeed. From 1s. s. Jd. may be considered fair for that of good
quality. Scotch fite on pA other hand, is hard to get rid of even at the
low Ay of 6d. per foot, and there are lots at present offered below that
bees
paid for Ge i ae e past season. When we count 30s.
mensurate with the s diio: Tare ei to sell readily
at 22s. per 100, but plenty are waiting to be sold ss 12s in the London
market. Small faggots for fire lighting—* pimps” they are e in
southern England--can now be bought in the city at 2s. 6d. per 100—
a contrast to the 4s. 6d. readily got not so many years ago. "The split
batten ends, now offered for sale by almost every grocer, have quite
ousted the faggot from the market.
$8
* Coppice-wood, too, does not fetch one half of what it did twenty
s ago; tha t of sixteen years' growth, and etr een mainly of ash
and hazel, elite at the present time at from 5/, to 6/. per acr
onfidently to be hoped that the rather brisker trade and better
prices sof Tiie timber and other forest produce during the past
three months will fully maintained, if not increased, during the year
1897.—A. D. Webster.”
DXLVII.—MYRRH.
In the Kew Bulletin for 1896 (pp. 86-91) an attempt was made to
settle ihe, botanical origin of myrrh. The publication of this paper has
led to some fresh in nvestigations by Dr. Schweinfurth and Mr. E. M.
Holmes, OSEE of the Museum of the Pharmaceutical Society. 'These
ap some further discussion of the subject necessary.
Sisia rnit Myrrha was described by Nees from Ehrenberg’s
specimens ere sent from Berlin for Dr. Trimer s examination.
m CMledicimal Plants, sub. t. 60) *the whole available
fateri] i is quite insufficient to enable a sound opinion to be formed as
to whether B. Myrrha is a distinct ste
Dr. Schweinfu wrth very kindly sent to Kew an — of the
single fruit accompanying Ehrenberg’s aain and presumably be-
longing to them. This indicates the validity of the species satisfacto actorily.
It further leaves no doubt that the plant collected by sii ssc in
re Yemen district may be referred with certainty to this specie
. The fragmentary specimen collected by Captain Hunter at Ader
^ labelled by him “true Myrrh,” also probably belongs to it (Kew
Bulletin, 1896, p. 90).
3. Mr. Holmes has cuitivated in a remarkable manner the apprecia-
tion of distinctions of taste as a means of testing € faea of plants.
Such an acquirement is simply invaluable in ue ological investiga-
tion. Using this criterion he iscussed the subject | in the Phar-
ery ste and a pecul
likely to be absent in the plant itself. $ his bitter taste he finds ;— (i)
in Schweinfurth’s specimens of B. Myrrha from Yemen ; (ii) in Captain
Hunter’s specimens from Aden ; im) r^ Mr. M arme MS pan
saver simplicifolim, h d been previously 5 Kew Reports”
th has been
may also have been easi ly some confusion as to its botanical identity.
Professor Engler has in fact mixed up with Balsamodendron Myrrha,
B. Playfairii, which certainly does not produce true myrrh,
99
Engle
identify it with Balsamodendron Playfairii, pe source of Gum Hotai.
In ain Ps are certainly mistaken, As stated in the Kew Bulletin
(l.c., 87):—“ It is apparently closely allied to Balsamodendron (Com-
miphora) Schimperi.” Holmes objects that this pee a turpentiny but not
a bitter taste. Schweinfurth, however, regar - Schinperi (Kew
Bulletin, 1896, p. 89) as one o of the sources of peres n myrrh. Inan
case the origin of Somali myrrh eannot be said to be sa satisfactorily
cleared up. “As the country is now often visited by travellers it is much
to be desired that the plant really yielding ite myrrh may be conelneively
determined by the collection and examination of adequate speci
6. In the oe Bulletin (Lc. p. 91) it was i icti that B. simplici
folium may be accepted as the source of Yemen myrrh, It since
appears that under the names Commiphora simplicifolia, Schweinfurth
inadvertently distributed two species :— B. Sc chimpert and B. simplici-
folium ; the latter is now reduced by him to a variety of B. abyssinicum.
remarks in a letter that “the simple leaves are only due to the
he Kew
Bulletin (l.c. p. 90), this co set yields myrrh both in the Fadhli and
Yemen districts. Schweinfurth, however, adds in the leiter with which
he has kindly furnished | me :—“ Fadhli myrrh is partly yielded by
C. abyssinica as proved by M. Deflers; but a// Fadhli myrrh may not
be yielded by it. We cannot accept this plant ss its only source. I
did not visit the districts where myrrh is collected in Yemen; this was
to the north of the region explored by myself. M. Deflers did visit it,
but he did not colleet specimens of the myrrh plant there.”
7. Whether B. abyssinicum is really a source of myrrh is not of very
great importance as, thanks to Mr. Holmes, we seem to be on safe
ground in accepting its old attribution to B. Myrrhc.
W. 1.: D:
DXLVIII.— BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN YUNNAN.
Dr. Henry, tke well-known Chinese botanist, is now stationed in
Yunnan, The following extract from a letter recently received from
him gives some interesting particulars of this botanically rich region :—
Customs, "A E Laokay, Tonking.
1896.
* As regards botany, e.g., this reion—on ie outskirts of which I
was stationed at Ichang, and now am here again on another border of it
at Mengtse—is, I ima agine, the vri interesting in the world. It is
ev idently the headquarters of most of the genera which are rel spread
all over Europe and Asia in great part. e geology is quite unknown
and it is a combination of knowledge of the ancient history of the region
geologically, and of the flora, which will = much that is obscure
in the present distribution of species. J have told you of the immense,
universal and peculiar den of red cut which covers Yunnan
extending into the Shan States. This perhaps speaks of glaciation and
perhaps it is to glacial phenomena that the present richness of the flor
is due.
100
«T intend to go on collecting vigorously, and DP to rival Delavay
‘in Yunnan. His 3000 species will be hard to beat.
* The country immediately around Mengtse is not so very rich, as it
‘bare of wood and water: but in all directions £t two to four days’ distance
—— is splendid country. Ihave just had a native collecting in the
mountains south of the Red River near the French frontier, and he has
‘brought back from the virgin forests of a high mountain about 100
‘interesting species, e.g., go has se Sgu ——HÜ (a genus of
Trochodendrie) perhaps a new species, rate a variety, of the
Hupeh plant. He has also pede me ‘undoubted wild tea. Hitherto
‘the tea plant has been found wild only in Assam, the cases of its
‘spontaneity recorded from China bar very doubtful. In all my trips
in Szechwan and Hupeh I never met it. ^The present specimens are
-above suspicion, coming from virgin forest, and at an immense distance
from any tea cultivation, the nearest being P u-érh 200 miles west. Bret-
‘schneider in Botanicon Sinicum part IL, p. 130, has. some remarks on
mountains from Mengtse to Szemao. It is not matt d at all that E.
m so far away as Assam.
* My native also brought back some interesting ferns, pretty
_ Cyrtandrec, &c., and some specimens in fruit of the curious Lysimachia,
the leaves of which have a delicate but strong fragrance. They are
used for scenting hair-oil by the Chinese. Perhaps some of the seed i is
ripe enough for me to send to you for cultivation. ~
* [ have had enquiries from a London. firm about. soap trees. They
wish to buy the fruits of these in quantity, as they have brought out
‘some patent or other, which demands a large consumption of these fruits.
P presume the saponin therein is the base of the patent (for washing
fine fa Mes hair-wash, &e., perhaps). They didn't say what their
itat d
"A MA e number of soap-trees occur in China, and I would wriie a
note for the Bulletin on the subject, as it is of perhaps considerable
commercial importance, but one thing is wanting. e species of
Gleditschia require revision. . Four are dti: inthe Zudex Fl. Sin.,
p. 208 et seg., but since then there is a new one from Hupeh and
S. Formosa which are not yet matched with any described species
“The chief soap-trees are Sapindus Mukorossi, Gymnocladus
-sinensis, and all the species of ein gius except officinalis,
Hemsley, which has a small pod only used as a drug. The fruits of
these are very generally used in China in B of soap, and for washing
the hair the Chinese ladies say they are superior to alkaline soaps.
** T have tried, in vain, to get a Lolo teacher to instruct me in the
language and teach me their method of writing, now almost gone out of
use, if — The MSS. of the Lolos are as yet undeciphered.
to
or about the 8th August, a few cases having appeared in the surrounding
101
a day or two. The mountains he botanised over he described as lofty
p covered with thick forest of immense trees, Bears occur there, a
f :
: it is not everywhere you come across plants you have not seen
before alinost every day. The orchids are plentiful and rich in species.
* This place is isolated in the extreme, and it takes such a time to
receive letters. As regards stores, they come after delays of months.
T have nearly finished all my shoes, and there are new pairs I hope
all along the way, but they do not seem to c
* [t is rather ver travelling about heres! as mules are cheap and
numerous. I have just had a tent made for trips. The savage villages
n the mountains it too dirty to stay eni even if one always found
these queer a in the humour to take one in. hat I mean by
o dirty’ is something awful, as I pit up quite comfortably with
the huts of the Chinese in a im , which were comparatively clean.
inaman is of course superior to these Shans, Lolos, Miao-tzu,
in energy and various ihe: laudable qualities, but the Miao-tzu and
true Lolos of the mountains have more pleasant manners in many ways,
at bee I like their looks and way of talking.
* Does no geologist ever dream of investigating these regions?
Yunnan is well known for its mineral wealth. is easy enough now
getting here from Hongkong by way of Tonkin ng."
DXLIX.—KINO FROM MYRISTICA MALABARICA.
An astringent, red, substance obtained from the sap of
various trees of tropical DOLUS is known as Kino. The best medicinal
kind which contains 75 per cent. of tannie acid comes from the Indian
Kino tree Pterocarpus Marsupium, Roxb. while Bengal Kino is
obtained in the form of round tears of an inten nse ruby colo our r from
r, Malabar.
n appearance the substance is very much like ton Ror oe from
Pisétarpui Marsupium. It je since been examin by Professor
Edward Schaer, of Strasburg, who has commun e an interesting
account of it to the parcit ele Journal (ith s series, Vol. Ill.
p. 117), from which the following extracts are taken
« "dap or Warburg, of Berlin, has kindly forw do to me a sample
of an extract or acoretióti resembling official Kino which with well
known liberality had been put at his disposal by the director of the
Royal Gardens, Kew. The sample in question labelled *Kát cred
that is to say eutch- Tike product of jadikai (Tamil name for Myris
and known to be produced by incisions in the bark of Myristica
malabarica, Lam., in Southern India, showed in its aiara ap
more direct analogy to the well-known Malabar Kino than to the * Kats
of Acacia (Cutch) or of Uncaria (Gambier). It consisted like officinal
102
Kino of smaller or larger angular transparent pieces of a deep garnet
colour in thin fragments. Tt was not altogether unlike small broken
dragon’s-blood in some respects, and the latter name has been used
sometimes by natives and pins for some kinds of kino (from
terocarpus indicus and P. erina
* Not having been acquainted ases that time with kino-like products
from the genus Mio and following the meno of Professor
Warburg, who was then preparing a monograp “the Myristicaceze, I
at once proceeded to a closer examination of Men new substance, availing
myself of the latest dieran ons concerning the natural history of the
different kinds of kino, pue lly of the drug derived from Pterocarpus
Marsupium (Malaber kino). ot only on its external appearance but
also in its behaviour to prs and other solvents, the * Kát jadikai" or
kino from Myristica malabarica agreed almost entirely with Pterocar-
kino, giving a reddish, slightly turbid solution of feebly but
perceptibly acid reaction to litmus paper. ‘The other physical
qualities, for the most part proved to be the same at those rigs by
Hanbury and Fluckiger Rates e iios H. Tet 1879, 195).
The may also be stated concerning the more impor tant and
characteristic roc puit reactions when cone with the chemical
aviour of official kin
Professor Schaer had summarises the results of his prone
into this and some other kinds, the produce of species of Myristi
I. The ete Lee of the bark of several Asiatic dien of M; cud
or ree malabarica, Lam., an . fragrans,
TO PEE and physical qualities, show but little difference
from the official Malabar Kin
II. These substances, which may be termed Myristica Kinos, agree
points, with the Kino of Pterocarpus Marsupium. Tt can therefore be
stated that drugs of a very similar character, and partly of close resem-
blance to official kino, are to be found in the families of Leguninose
(Butea, Pterocarpus, Millettia), | Saxifragacee ( ( Ceratopetalum),
Myrtacee (Eucalyptus, Angophora), and Myristic acem.
e Myristica Kino differs, as far as can be observed from the
smaller or larger amounts of a distinctly crystalline calcium salt, viz.,
calcium tartrate, suspended in, and depositing from, the liquid juice.
By this charaeteristic admixture it can be easily rry dii from the
official Kino, and probably also from other Kinos of comm
hether this new substance might ever be obtained in combination
with the production of nutmegs and mace, so as to play the part of a
commercial drug, will depend upon a still better knowledge of its
qualities, its formation in the living plant, its quantitive relations,
and similar questions.
DL.—CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN EGYPT.
( Gossypium barbadense, L.)
Next to the United States and India, Egypt is one of the important
cotton- producing countries of the world. The quantity of Egypti jan
cotton received in this country is about 2,000,000 ewts. annually, he
103
quality is Eos exceptionally good, and ranks next to o VES
Sea-island cotton of America.
The following sketch of the history of cotton cultivation Eg ypt
lately appeared in Journal of the Society of Arts (December 98th,
1896, pp. 98, eii
* Sor
he
reign of Mehemet Ali, in 1820. M. af who was a Frenc man n,
remarked in the garden of one of his friends living near Cairo, certain
cotton plants, of which the seed had been imported from the Soudan.
He succeeded in culttrating the plant from seeds which he obtained, -
and presented certain of them to Mehemet Ali, who, foreseeing the
sources of wealth that the cotton might assure to the country, placed at
the disposal of Jumel vast extents of territory, d gave him every
facility in his enterprise. This cotton was also known by the name of
0, after a bey in whose gardens Jumel had p ria found the
tivated, but for a time it was replaced by a new variety called Ashmou
This Ashmouni degenerated after 20 years - cultivation, and w
abandoned for Mit Afifi, which at T present time is most largely
cultivated in Egypt. Mit Afifi is a very deca variety of cotton,
easy to grow, and does not require any very excessive irrigation.
The colour is slightly yellow and is much appreciated by spinners.
Another kind of cotton called Bahmieh* is grown to a limited
extent, and this is a delicate variety requiring a stronger soil.
It yields a whitish MOM which is particularly used for certain articles
of hosiery. It enjoys a great reputation in the United States, while
Franc any consume small quantities of it. The cultivation of
the varieties sailed * white cotton” has very considerably fallen off.
Their total annual production hardly exceeds from 60,000 to 70,000
quintals. other varieties, such as Zafivi, Abbassi, &c., have
been experimented with by many growers, but up to the present the
results have not been sufficiently advanced to enabie an accurate opinion
to be formed as to their merits. Egyptian cotton, whatever its variety,
preserves its essential qualities, which causes it to be much ius is
uropean and American manufacturers. As a matter of fact,
first seeds. _ Jumel, or Mako, was for many years the only cotton cul-
iount.
e
* £u
D
G
its general and Aii erai consumption, has the ncn ths stre uy
and the brilliancy necessary for the manufacture under good conditions
of a large number of special articles. | Eg
threads of numbers 5 to 18, and American cotton threads from 20 to
50. The esed of Egyptian cotton are such that it finds a ready
outlet on Euro markets, no matter what may be the production and
prices of cotton ofc other origins.
The following further information respecting Egyptian cotton is
taken from the Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, vii. 627,
and contains notes on the use of manures for increasing coiton crops in
the Nile Valley :
“Tt is tothe cotton crop of the Delta that Egypt owes its prese
financial prosperity. It covers between a third and a half of the ea,
Pp.
U 95709. B
* An account of Bahmieh or Bamia Cotton is given in the Kew Report for 1877,
26, 24.
104
E remainder being uncropped in the summer, but cropped with maize
During the winter the country is an uninterrupted
wn i
ilow.
* The clover is sown gH the cotton epu before they are cut,
and gives five cuttings between November and June, requiring eight
waterings. Maize follows during the flood, sid; after the maize, wheat.
During the next flood maize is again sown, and is followed by clover,
which, after two cuttings, is ploughed up to make way for cotton.
Thus, | in three years the cultivator gets a crop of cotton, two crops of
maize, a crop of wheat, and seven cuttings of clover. In some places
cotton is grown every other year, the intermediate crops being wheat,
maize, and clover. On the large estate which formed the ‘ Domains’ of
ai ha, and is now managed by a board on behalf of his creditors,
ihe maize cropping is generally omitted, and the land is given two
fall od-time the course of thr ears. Maize is almost
invariably manured. Cotton follows clover and is commonly unma-
nured. But the Domains administration has found that, by the use of
manure, at least 200 Ib. can be added to the produce per acre, and the
practice of top-dressing is Jenae . It may be safely concluded
that two-thirds of the De lta—or one and three-quarters million
acres—receive manure annually.”
DLI.— PAPAIN.
(Carica Papaya, L.)
The papaw tree is one of the commonest objects in tropical countries.
The fruit cultivated is pear- or almond-shaped, 7-15 in. long, yellow
when ripe, and often eaten as a delicacy. The milky inis is well known
to render meat tender, and even the leaves are sometimes used for that
purpose. This milky juice contains a ferment which has a solvent
action upon albuminoid substances, and, like pepsin, curdles milk. It
is, however, not so active as pepsin
Inquiry has been made as to the preparation of papain for commerce
in our tropical possessions. The demand is, however, extremely small.
A small factory already exists in the island of Montserrat, as recorded
in the Kew Bulletin (1891, p. 120), the output of which, with an
increased Pam. sei ta be much increased.
icle Agricultural Ledger, 1896, No. 31
(Medica d Chemical Series), issued by the Reporter on ‘Economic
Product he Government of India, the following particulars are
given apes the properties and preparation of papain in India :—
Un
ron on gr^ Juiee of Carica Papaya from Gondal, Kathiawar,
HN C. UMNEY, with a Review of the Recent Literature
fed the ‘Subject, by D. ie F.C.S.
The Carica Papaya tree is so well known and established in India
that it seems desirable to set forth what authentic information we
105
powes ss on the remarkable properties of the plant, „A vast amount has -
recently been written on the action of the “ “< vegetable pepsin ” contained
in the juice that abounds in the unripe fru
igestive action of the juice Ass meat was probably inasa
in the West Indies at a very early date, and appears to have Þeen com-
municated to the inhabitants of this country upon the M of
the tree by the Por — as it has long been the custom ndia to
render eus tender by rubbing it with the juice of ts: fruit or by
wrapping it in the leaves, In the old “ History of Barbados” by
Griffith igi the MO quaintly informs us that * this juice is of so
penetrating a nature that if the unripe peeled fruit be boiled with the
toughest old salted meat, it quickly makes it soft aud tender ; and if
pigs be fed with the fruit, especially unripe, the thin mucous matter
which coats the inside of tha intestine is attacked, and, if the food be
nehanged, is completely destroyed." ‘The author of the Makhzan-el-
adhoigas (1770) described the tree in his day, and mentions the use o
the Liuen mixed with ginger, for making meat tender.
n 1877, the milky juice of the Carica me to attract attention in
epe as a dige ferment, and Herr Wittmack, of Berlin, in 1878
made a careful pest of its properties and came to the following
conclusions respecting it :
(1) The milky juice of the Carica Papaya is (or contains) a ferment
has an extraordinarily energetic action upon nitrogenous
substances, and like pepsin curdles milk ; (2) this juice differs from
pepsin in being active without the addition of. free acid, probably it
contains a small quantity, and further it operates ata higher tempera-
ture (about 60° to 65° C.) and in a miis time (5 minutes at most);
(3) the filtered juice differs chemically fro m pepsin in that it gives no
precipitate on boiling and further that it is precipitated by mercuric
chloride, iodine, and all the mineral acids ; (4) it resembles pepsin in
eing precipitated by neutral acetate of lead, and not giving a
precipitate ich sulphate of copper and perchloride of iron (Pharm.
Journ., Nov. 30th 8).
r. Geissler, experimenting in the same direction, found that papain
could dissolve 28 times its weight of coagulated albumen, while pepsin
dissolved 100 times its own weight.
In 1879 Dr. Theodor Peckolt, of Brazil, made a very complete
analysis of the fruit, leaves and seeds of Carica Papaya, and he found
papayotin in nearly every part of the ansa plant, besides other organic
constituents which he separated and estimated.
Dr. Sidney Martin of London was ail next to investi igate t he peculiar oo
principle of abe fruit. He showed in 1886 — of Physiology) :
that papain w oteolytie ferment which acts ilarly to
trypsin. aren! ments performed with meat fibrin at whit te of egg
showed that slight digestion takes place when the liquid is faintly acid,
neutral or alkaline solutions, and occurs most readily at a tempera-
ture between 35° and 40^ Fahr. The results of the digestion a
peptones, leucine, and tyrosine, and an EE globulin-like
substance similar to that formed i in pancreatic digesti
In the author’s second paper on the same ubjedk the ferment i in
papaw juice is shown. to be associated with an albumose, and to give
the following reactions in addition to those previously "described by
MAR :— Ihe solution oe a biuret reaction, and it is precipitated from
neutral solution of sodium, magnesium sulphate or sodium chloride
sea as globulins are. de is soluble in glycerol, and if precipitated
106
from this solution by alcohol, the filtrate has no proteolytic ponen
The kind of albumose is one nearly akin to the protalbumose of Kü
and Chittenden, and is called a-phytalbumose. Papaw juice also dontálns
a milk-curdling ferment. The proteids present in papaw juice were
found to be as follows :—
(1. Globulin, resembling serum globulin in its most important
properties,
(2. Albumin.
(3.) 8-phytalbumose precipitated pial quse by heat, by satura-
tion with neutral salts, but not by dialysis. It differs from the hete-
roalbumose of Kühne and Chittenden, p not -— precipitated by
dialysis, xad copper sulphate, or by mercuric chloriae
(4.) a-phytalbumose; soluble in cold or boiling water ; ew precipi-
tated by tton with neutral salts, except in an acid solution. This
is the vegetable peptone referred to by Vines c» Ph idl vie m
hemialbumose. It differs from the protalbumose of Kühne
Chittenden by its non-precipitation by sodium chloride or by Sher
sulphate. Both these albumoses give the biuret r
Nop eptones occur in the j juice, but leucine nid tyrosine st present.
By a series of digestion experiments carried out on each of these pro-
teids by papain in a neutral liquid, it was found that “both ‘he globulin
and albumen are changed into £-phytalbumose, and that this becomes a
peptone-like substance, and forms leucine and tyrosine. The a —
bumose becomes a similar peptone-like substance, leucine and tyrosin
being formed. This peptone-like substance, resembles the deu An
bumose of Kühne and Chittenden, except that a solution of it when
rendered acid by celle acid in the presence of sodium chloride, does not
become cloudy on warning. No true peptones are formed. Probably
digestion in the plant itself is very slow, as much more liquid was used
in the experiments than is present in the pe The seem fornia
probably the circulating proteid in the plan
Carica which are "ny to make meat tender when
pu are wrapped round it for some time, were discovered by Dr. Greshoff
in 1891 to possess an alkaloid named carpaine. Dr. Van Rijn further
investigated the alkaloid in 1893, but did not attribute to it any diges-
tive property. The quantity of carpaine separated from the leaves was
0°:
On the evidence of the medical, physiological, and chemical experi-
ments made upon C. Papaya the active principle has been separated and
given the name of papain or papayotin. It is now an article of com-
merce in Europe for medical purposes ; it has been extensively used in
France and Germany, and has been given with good results even to
children.
Notwithstanding all the experiments on the vegetable ferment in
question, it seems not to have been received with confidence by the
medical profession in England, and it has not been introduced into the
Regart ding - aspect of the case two important papers have recently
been written. Dr. S. Rideal of St. George's Hospital, London (Pharm.
_ Journ., August LIB) endeavoured to make out a good case for papain,
and at ttributed unfavourable results to the mistake of supposing that
107
papain should be tested under the same conditions that hold good : dd
sin. Dr. Rideal noticed that papain differs from pepsin in so far
the former acts fairl well in an alkaline solution, while the latter dies
not, and more debe, Monto that the proportion of fluid to albumen must
be "ipe. Js the case of papain than is required with pepsin. Mr,
D. B. Dott, F.I.C., in the more recent article (Pharm. Journ., Marc
1896) records some experiments from which he adduced the following
conclusions :
1. That dried papain juice, and the papain prepared from it by purifica-
tion and precipitation have bs little solvent action on albumen, either
in alkaline or acid solution
2. That commercia papain has not nearly the solvent action on am
men which is possessed by pepsin, «i TAN t has a disintegrating an
special action of its own on animal ti
During the course of Mr. Dott’s WM the prenens of pepsin
was zagpecied à in one of the samples of commercial papai
next question that seems desirable to settle is tha preparation of
ciiin rciai papain. If, as it has been suggested, the papain is liable to
sophistication with pespin or other subtances, it is impossible to arrive
at any satisfactory results with regard to its digestive action. Then,
again, the preparation in this country of the juice for the market has not
perhaps received a sufficient amount of attention. It should be known
that the juice in every case must be collected from wnripe fruits, As
prolonged moisture is deleterious to the ferment, the juice should be
s soon as possible, and, as heat will destroy its activity, it should
en
filter off the insoluble matter, and dry it at the ordinary temperature of
the atmosphere. After being bw dóred it should be kept in well-
stoppered bottles ready for use
he following notes on the collection va specimens of papain in
India by the Reporter on Economic Products and the results of their
examination in London wiil be read with Hitebest They show what
varied activity the samples may possess if not Sicil collected and
o
carefully the precautions just enumerat On account of caste diffi-
culties, it would be impossible to introduce pepsin very largely into use
in this country, but where a vegetable substance is available every ah
should be made to increase our knowledge of it and to understand i
action and pecie of manufacture and administration.
In May 1894, Mr. M. J. Bharwada, Agricultural Assistant, Gondal,
Kathiawar, serit to the reporter on economic produets three
samples of PON obtained from the juice of the fruit of the Papaw
tree. These were (1) the precipitate from the milk juice made by
Mo S sjh alcohol ; (2) the p occa from the same juice by addition
tied spirit ; and (3 )t ied and powdered juice. The speci-
mens were forwarded to Mr. E. M. pie Vire) of Museum of the
Pharmaceutical Society, who was asked t e them tested and re-
ported upon with reference to their enim ‘vale as Bee for
pepsine. Mr. Ernest J. Easters, F.L.C., was kind enough to examine
them, but he stated that they &nivéd in such a bad condition that not
one of the samples was found to have any disturbing action on milk;
the er of milk is a very characteristic property of the ferment of
papaya juie i i i
108
Subsequently Mr. Bharwada made a second collection of products of
Carica for examination, consisting of 12 ounces of the dried powder
obtained from the juice, and a small quantity of papain prepared with
alcohol. ese were forwarded to the Curator of the Pharmaceutical
Society who kindly placed them in the hands of Mr. J. C. Umney,
.C.S., for investigation. From Mr. Umney’s experiments it would
seem that a highly active ferment might be manufactured from the
crude juice by repeated purification by alcohol. The attention of all
those who are interested in the subject should be drawn to this method
of preparation,
E
Report on a Sample of Powder of the mira 2 uice of Carica Papaya,
from Gondal, Kathia
sample was in coarse powder, of a any yellow colour, and
possessed a ie somewhat unpleasant odou
s dissolved in water and direciipitated by absolute myer
yielded 4° 2 pu mes of crude Papain, after drying at ordin
temperature over sulphuric acl
o> The igasi power of this purified product was then tested on moist
egg albumen, at a temperature o 38° — 39? C. in neutral acid and
alkaline solutions using the following proportions :—
10 grammes of egg cra
0:1
3 papat
90 «6 Distil lled wate
0:1 grammes Bicarbonate of Sodium for Alkaline.
Fe ÇU - Hydrochloric acid B.P. for acid.
Digested in 30 minutes.
Neutral - - 12°03 per cent.
Alkaline - - 13°72 pa
Acid - - 12°07 5
These results indicate that the digestive activity in neutral and acid
solutions is almost identieal, whilst in alkaline solutions it is somewhat
reater.
5 'These results were compared with a well-known commercial Papain,
proceeding on exactly similar lines, the results obtained being as
under :—
Digested in 30 minutes.
Neutral - - e FEDI
Alkaline - - =< if 459.
Acid - = = 20°70,
The greater activity in acid than neutral anes alkaline solution is the
principal point of difference between this brand of Papain and other
commercial samples of papains and kane riis; papaw juice, and has
been the subject: of c sid betwee n differ ent poe rs. The
appears to be bad.
I have examined ir ral samples of commercial papains, and the re-
sults have been similar in every respect, and it may be noted that they
accord well with those pens by Dott ( P. J., 3rd Series, xxiv., 758,
199).
here is no doubt that by repeated precipitation by alcohol a highly
active digestive product might be obtained from this crude concentrated
papaw juice valuable for use under those circumstances where pepsin is
unavai
e.
JOHN C. UMNEY.
109
qe DLIL—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. ^ ^
R. GWYNNE VAUGHAN, who had for the previous two years been
erg: in the Jodreli Laboratory of the Royal Gardens, has been
ted an Assistant to the Regius Professor of Botany in the
iS ivenita of Glasgow
Mn. W. H. Lane, Lecturer in Botany, Queen Margaret College, has
been engaged during last year at the Jodrell Laboratory of the Royal
Gardens in an investigation into the relation existing between variability
in the fern plant a nd apogamy in the protha llus. This led to the
interesting discovery of the occasional occurrence of sporangia on the
atter. The results were communicated to the Royal Society, and
published in the Proceedings for November last (Vol. 60, pp. 250-260).
West India Commission.—In consequence of the depend, condition
of the West India Colonies a Royal Commission has’ recently “been
appointed, as published in the following announcement :—
The, Queen has been pleased to appoint General Sir Henry Wylie
Norman, G.C.B, G.C.M.G., CLB: ( Vates 1 Sir Edward Grey,
art., M.P., and Sir David Barbour, KO. S.L, e Commissioners to
inquire into the conditions and brothas of the West India sugar-growing
Colonies, and Mr. Sidney Olivier, B.A., to be their Secretary ; Daniel
orris, Esq., D.Sc., C.M.G., yy sistant: Director of the Royal Gardens,
Kew, will accompany the Commission as: Expert Adviser in botanical
and sgrion ora, Questio ns. ái
y he reference to the Commission were as ea £—
. * To inquire yx the condition and prospects of the lies. of
Jamaica, British pogi Fry and Tobago, Bar Vue Grenada,
St. Vince nt, St. Luc cia, ty Leeward dimer and of the sugar
th
abaridonment of sugar cultivation e re are other industries which
could be prosecuted with success, and whieh would find adequate
used by the extinction of the sugar industry could be met by
economies in the administration without imperial aid. ^"
tanical Magazine for January.—The plants figured mc
tolochia clypeata, Cynoglossum nervosum, Berkheya Adlami, Crot
Eluteria, and Big mre ia buccinatori oria. , The figure of the last-mentioned
imen th Ha
nbarv.
J^
110
and of the others from plants in cultivation at Kew. The Aristolochia,
native of New Gre — is allied t o A. DER but the flowers are
& Co., of St. Alban's, in 1892. The gd aei. the largest flowered
of the Himalayan species, was raised from seeds sent to Kew by Mr.
J. F. Duthie, in 1894. Berkheya Adlami is a new species from the
Transvaal. R. W. Adlam, Esq., of Johannesberg, forwarded seeds to
Kew in 1895, and these produced plants which flowered in June 1396.
The Croton is of considerable commercial interest as the source of
* Cascarilla Bark." The species, native of the Bahamas, was reintro-
duced into Rilos in 1887, when three plants were sent to Kew by
F. B. Taylor, Sek of the Bahamas. Bignonia buceinatoria, from
Central Mexi has large, e flowers. It is figured in the
Botanical Register as D. Che:
p—————
ical Magazine for February—Myrmecodia Antoinii, Mazil-
laria sanderiana, Ligustrum coriaceum, Paracaryum heliocarpum,
and Henipilia amethystina are figured. The Myrmecodia, native of
the islands of Torres Straits, is a singular rubiaceous plant, which has
its stem very nitiok enlarged at the base (see Kew Bulletin, 1897,
} i
January 1896. Mavillaria sanderiana is probably the finest species
‘of the genus. Itis a vs of teni where it grows at an altitude
of 4,000 feet. The Japanese Ligustrum was drawn from a plant sent
to Kew by Mr. Rashleigh, of Menabilly, in 1889. "The Paracaryum is
a West Himalayan species, which flowered in the Herbaceous Ground
in May of last year, seeds havin ded sent to Kew by J. F. Duthie,
Esq., F.L.S., Director of the Botanical "eani of Northern India.
The "Hemipilia i is a new species from Burma, and was sent to Kew
Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., of Southgate.
Supplement to the Index Kewensis.—It is sess suis to we able to
announce that M. Th. Durand and Mr. B. Daydon ackson e made
arrangements for printing their 10 years’ REDE to e Index
Kewensis, which will bring the work down to the end of the year 1895.
It is hoped it may be issued during the present year.
Bambusee of British India.— The publication of Mr. Gamble's
}
India. He has enti a this’ with the ‘towing interesting note
“The following account of the Indian Bambusee is drawn up, "adidas
verbatim, Qe T Ga mble’s ‘Bamboos of British India, | which forms
part of vol. vi
Calcutta, and of which Dr: r. King favoured ue with a ae in Hrane
ited
en obliged to curtail the Dudes And in order to preserve the
oblige of matter adopted in this work, L have had to substitute
111
I have added nothing; for it obvious that a botanist of
Mr, Gamble’s ability and wide esieriéhdo 80 bmp of the Indian
Bamboos in their native forests, having acce o the unrivalled
collections in the Herbarium of the Caleutta Gide, should. have
exhausted the bet in so far as materials were available. It must not
‘be supposed that this work supersedes his ‘Bamboos of British India,
which is indispensable to the student of the tribe, by reason of its fuller
descriptions, and admirable [even and analyses. My cordial thanks are’
directly due to Dr. King and Mr. Gamble for this generous contribution
the ‘Flora of British India,’ and indirectly for the authentieally named:
collection of specimens corresponding to Mr. Gamble’s descriptions,
which has been presented by the Government of India to the Herbarium
of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
* Since the above was written, Mr. Freeman Mitford’s The Bamboo
Garden has appeared, a work replete with valuable observations upon
- habit, mode of growth, and other characters of the hardy 'epétidicae
mboo ‘(including 5 caper cultivated by him. In it is pointed out
(i Arundinaria Simoni, p. 60) for the first time the true characters of
the two types of dicam - and blade that occur in Bambusee, and which
do not obtain, so far as I know, in any other tribe of e ses. Ina
communication which Mr. Mitford has been good enough to make to me
on this subject he has formulated his views as follows, and has kindly
allowed me to introduce them here.
“ The sheath is an organ playing so important a part in the life of the
bamboo that it deserves som ething more than a cursory notice. In the
grasses i the sheath is regarded by botasiste as taking the place
of the petiole of the leaf. It happens, however, that the leaves of most
pom mei of all the hardy bamboos—have a distinct continuation
of the midrib of the leaf attaching it to the sheath and articulated, which
pede aBer EA might perhaps be correctly termed a petiolule. The
bamboos, as it appears, bear sheaths of two types. There is first of all
the series of sheaths which, borne one on each node and wrapped tightly
round the culm or branch, às the case may be, protect it during growth.
This form of sheath is divided or split transversely into two members,
the ligule and the limbus or blade, the latter being what I would term a
pseudophyll, or false leaf, sessile, lacking both midrib and berigte
varying in size in the different species, but always the first part to wither
and disappear. In some bam boos—those of the ie rectc —
this sheath falls away as soon as branching takes place; in ot
the Arundinaria group, it remains, and having guarded the iy iR
growth of the parent culm or branch it springs aside with the youn
branches or branchlets, devot pert M remainder of its life to their
protection until they can stand a
“Then there is the second Anh of sheath bearing a true leaf with
petiole and midrib, This is the form assumed by the twe, three, or four
es at the top of each culm branch and branchlet above the topmost
where ME ends. This true leaf is persistent upon the
bes: The ligule is present, as in the first type, but the deciduous
peeudophy Il is «Andi by an evergreen lea
** An interesting qnestion arises as to whether there is any transition
stage between the two types of blade, or whether the change is always
sudden, I think that in many Bamboos I can trace such a transition
stage; that is to say, that each successive pseudophyll on the stem
U 95709.
112
ecomes more and more like a true leaf, something of the nature of an
arrested midrib being perceptible in the pseudophylls which are found
near the top of the culm, though it is not until the last. branching node
has been passed that the true leaf- deitas sheaths occur. The principle
remains inviolate (throughout the hardy species at any rate), and the
distinction between the two classes of sheaths is absolutely maintained,"
—4A. B.F.
*I would remark in conclusion that Mr. Mitford's Uaec
extending to the nervation of the leaves of Bamboos , lead him to the
conclusion that of those cultivated by him in the open air in the middle
of England, the truly hardy only have tessellated leaves; the tender
such as Arundinaria Falconeri and XC mE having very inconspicuous
transverse nervules, or none."—-J. D
Insular Floras.—Amongst recent additions to the library bearing
upon this subject the Toyang are worthy of note. The Flore de l'Ile
Dr. E. Jacob de Corde
rogams deus io ,156, of which 372 are monocotyledons. The
with most representatives is Orchidew, with 172 species, including
many eurious novelties described by Mons. Ch. Frappier, specimens of
some of which have been presented to the Herbarium by Dr. Cordemoy.
Next to the Orchides in point of numbers come the Graminez with 94
species.
L'Archipel de la peaa Calédonie, by Dr. Aug. Bernard,
contains a complete account of the islands of this group, including two
chapters devoted to a ceri account of the vegetation, which is said to
comprise 2,026 phanerogams and 965 cryptogams and to be the richest
flora amongst those of the Pacific Archipelagos.
“ s ven Fernandez, by Dr. F. Johow, contains in addition to
an enum l n account of the geographical and
guoligital: eroe of the arcbipelago.
New Guinea Plants.—Sir W. MacGregor, K.C.M.G., has presented a
collection of plants made on Mount Scratehley, by Mr. A. Guilianetti,
at "rm re. from 4,000 to 13 000 feet. At the higher pre
oki troublesome to agriculturalists in Assam (see Kew Bulletin,
1896, p. 63). A second collection, presented Sy Messrs. Veitch, was
by Mr. Burke between the coast and a height of 4,000 ft. on the
Owen Stanley range in the south- ait peninsula. The plants in this
collection are of a tropical type and include a curious new species of
nia.
113
Vanilla cultivation in the Seychelles.—In continuation of informa-
tion that has already appeared in the Kew Bulletin, 1892, 111 (with
late), the following particulars have been com mmunicated to t
establishment by the ‘Secretary of State for the Colonies :—-
ADMINISTRATOR OF SEYCHELLES to COLONIAL OFFICE.
Government House, oe
Sr, September 25
I mave the honour to report that the rezult of the Vanilla crop
for this year is most satisfactory. The crop up to the present (it is not
quite all gathered) is returned at 40,000 Ibs., and has realised over half
a million of rupees
The prices have been exceptionally high owing, I am told, to a re-
duced exportation of Vanilla from Mexico. Seychelles Vanilla is now
well and favourably known both in the London and Paris markets
I have, &c.
(Signed) H. Cocsnuny Ed
To the Right Hon. istrator.
JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, M.P.,
&e. &c.
Extracr from Colonial Reports. Annual. No. 182. Seychelles.
Annual Report for 1895, p. 9.
Next to cocoanut oil, Vanilla is our most important produce, and in a
good year the crop gives a return of about Rs. 400,000. Un -— rtunately,
vanilla is a most ec HESS pan and, whereas we m good
crop for two consecutive years, we may "have also three, or 'evii four,
years without any fob at all.
Botanic Station, Old Calabar.— The following is an extract from a
letter received from Mr. John Henry Holland, whose appointment as
Assistant ecce of the Botanic Station in md 2 iger Coast Protectorate
was announced in the Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 1
«The ss are well situated, on rising mae covering altogether
about 45 acres. This includes a large area planted wit ‘small
proportion with cacao, whilst mtem grounds and nursery occupy
the ME part. "There is, I can assure you, plenty to do.
arters are good, situated Gonvenienty | in the gardens, on a hill
edt 100 feet high. We have not a very extensive view of the
surrounding country, being partly enclosed with dense bush. e can,
however, see Duke Tow n at the foot of the hill, and catch a glimpse
of the I with an cde iil sight of a steamer passing by to the
anchora
Spanish Chestnut.— The cultivation of the Spanish chestnut has now
got gm the experimental stage in Bashahr. Some of the trees
planted 15 years ago are now 30 feet high and four feet in girth.
114
Fresh plants have been put out and others distributed to villagers.
The present yield of nuts amounts to about 10 maunds. (Progress:
Report of Forest Administration in the Punjab for 1894-5, p. 14).
Kei-Apple as a Hedge Plant.—-This repe South African plant
(Aberia Caffra, Harv. & Sond.) a member of the Annatto Order
(Bixinez) is armed with long spines and Mus excellent hedges. Ttis
evergreen and bears fruits like small yellowish apples. When fresh
they are acid and ae as a pickle; when ripe they make a good jam.
The Waikato Times of New er recommends the Kei-apple as
a ce cres in the fokii term
“ One is always hearing dieit d i qus of the paucity of good
jante Ed for hedge purposes. This harbours the wheat rust or
the leech, but dies out in patches, while another would be admirable
— vis cows not so fond of it. This being so, the thanks of the
nity are due to Mr. A. Tempest, of Parnell, for his enterprise in
introduding id propagating the ‘Kei Apple.’ It was Sir George Grey,
believe, who first mentioned the shrub, which grows wild upon the
hedge plant. It is a sturdy, stocky, short-jointed T, an evergreen,
and with thorns which grow to ere inches 1 ng and oret, and erfect
terror to evil doers, be they beasts or hum s n added
the female pla wed rwn are of both sexes) fruit heavily,
bearing in | great quantity yellow plum-shaped fruit, the size of a green
gage, which are both pleasant peer and make an exquisite jam.
Orchardists would do well to bear this shrub in mind when pla nting.”
To this the eat He a is added in the Agricultural Journal
of the bed of Goo
Dr. J. R. Roth.—In consequence of a misreading of the name of the
collector of a collection of plants made in Abyssinia and presented to Kew
by the Honourable East iin Company, and the consequent writing of
this name— Rohr r—on all the labels accompanying the plants, some
confusion has arisen. Several planis supposed ud be named after the
comet ims the spurious n Dr. J. R. Roth was the real collector.
ached as ies trang s a mission sent ix the British Govern-
ment, "n Wait to Sáhela Selassie, the King of Shoa, in Southern
Abyssinia. Mr. W. Corn
* Highlands of ZEthiopia," was at the head of the mission, and in
book he speaks very highly of Dr. Roth, who contributed the appendix
on the natural history of the country. Dr. Roth had previously
travelled in Egypt, Arabia, end Syria, with Drs. Schubert and Erdl.
Subsequently he became gne of N Natural History at Munich, and
in 1858 he made another journey to the East, but soon succumbed t to
mu on das route from Beyruth o Mount in d
ten
Sh ches
E:
Clavaria kewensis, Mass.
"dix
Chitonia rubriceps, C&M.
es 5 ETE
f
Flammula purpurata ,C.&M. Botrytis corollipena ,C.&M.x 200.
Wyman & Sors !* 1 23 ). 07
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
No. 124.] APRIL. [1897.
DLIII.—MYCOLOGIC FLORA OF THE ROYAL
GARDENS, KEW
The area of the Royal Gardens is a little more than 250 acres. If
some adjacent pieces of Royal property are thrown in the total is some
300 acres, or nearly half a square mile. Taken with the Old Deer Park
to the south, the whole space is singularly isolated, bounded as it is oa
three sides by the bend of the river sweeping round from Kew to
Richmond, and on the other by the high road between these two places.
Of the Royal Gardens themselves some 100 acres is little disturbed by
a kind of cultivation, a d it has UT remained so for at least a
century and a half. Som Mole never possibly have been
subjected to cultivation at all. It is no ib ont ng therefore that in the
reri d of korticnitiral treatment there still subsists a wild fauna and
ra of no inconsiderable dimensions. This, as opportunity offers, it is
to work out and catalogue from time to time.
Nicliohion, A.L.S., the present Curator, enumerated the flowering plants
ceeurring spontaneously i in the Journal of Botany for 1875. striking
peculiarity of this list “is the very small number of nataralised
exotics.’
lier the case of Fungi, as will be sean from the following enumeration
Mr. G. Massee, F.L.S., Principal Assistant in the Herbarium, t the ease
is iis different.
The following euumeration of 337 genera and 1340 "oce io d
the richness of the Mycologie Flora of the Royal Garden ich far
surpasses in point o of numbers, as also in the variety a rare te onem,
ing species, any other record for an equal are
This is pe — what would be icc iE when the large annual
influx of pla o Kew from all quarters of the globe is taken into
voir Sus ang es this means microscopic fungi, parasitic or saprophytic
on plants, are introduced in a living condition on the various ea
whereas the higher forms belonging to the Agaricinee and
Gastromycetes are usually introduced along with soil, or frequently on
the trunks of tree-ferns, either in the form of spores, or in an
ae ra condition.
It worthy of note that the Polyporee and Thelephoree, so
abundant in tropical regions, are absent from the list as introduced
u 98272. 1875.—8/ 97. Wt. 6k E. & S. A
116
As illustrative of the exotic element may be mentioned Z77iatula
Wynnie, Berk. and Broome, first described (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
1879, p. 206), from specimens found in a stove in the (ardens; this
species has weii roe pores 2 the neighbourhood of Brisbane,
where it is not u and e luminous, emitting a pale
green light. It is hed. by Cooke iior. Brit. Fung., pl. 688).
rpurata, Cke. rcm a very beautiful fungus, was
established posed ei , 73) from specimens growing on the trunk of a
tree-fern in on the fern- cpm and has since been received from
New Zealand, iis undoubted home. Aserde rubra, La Bill., the most
beautiful of the many quaint forms belonging to the Gaster omycetes, a
native of aes also occurred in a stove, some time vie to the
year 186 specimens arc at present in the Herbariu e = nus
Chitonia, bera cem only four known species, is re dein esented Ci
rubriceps, Cke. & Mass. (Grev., xv., 57), found on soil in the T od
House, but although a typical member of an exotic genus, no clue as to
its native habitat has yet been obtained.
Coming to microscopic forms, we find that the list contains a still
greater per-centage cf introduced ‘Species, i.e, species new tothe British
list, and growing on exotic plants. The enus Phoma heads the list
with 107 species, of which above three-fourths have been met with only
at Kew, so far as the British Isles are concerned, and of these above
thirty were first established from Kew material by Dr. Cooke, who
Not a single example, however, ofa parasitie fungus, that has proved
to be destructive to plants, has been introduced to Europe through
w.
grounds-—are
fewer than would be expected, with the falli ig notable exceptions. —
In pr genus Russula eh A species have been observed during the
last ten years, out of a total of sixty-one British Species. The large
size id brilliant erie of most species belonging to this genus
summer and early autumn. Another genus containing species of.
sufficient size and brilliancy of colour to attract popular attention is
Boletus, which numbers twenty-six species.
A fairly good collection of specimens of fungi, along with models and
drawings, are exhibited in No. 2 Museum.
d of thanks is due to the members of the Garden staff,
interested in Mycology, for the discovery of numerous species, which,
but for their zeal, would not have —€— in the present lis
The host-plant, or matrix, on which each fungus occurred, has been
given, and also the locality for the prem species “that are likely to occur
again. Finally, naer have been added, indicating the edible and
poisonous species of the “i also the parasitic species that are
known to be destructive to plants.
The species of bt re occurring at Kew are given in an
Appendix at the en
Explanation of the abbreviations used :—
A. Arboretum ;
B. Botanie Garden ;
P. Palace and Herbarium Grounds ;
Q. Queen's Cottage Grounds,
117
BASIDIOMYCETES.
Hymenomycetes.
AGARICINEA,
Amanita, Fries. Lepiota—cont.
A. virosa, Fries,
Among grass. Poisonous. A.
M d 11 inches across. A.,
A. Mappa, Batsch,
Under beeches, A.
A. aeree Fries.
A dangerous species. It has
rove
cs is exhibited in No. 2
Museum.
A. muscaria, L.
A large, showy fungus, the cap
when expanded often as large
as a dinner-plate, brilliant
crimson with white spots
ery poisonous. Q.
A. rubescens, Pers.
Edible, flavour mild; the flesh
ed
pantherina, which is poison-
ous. 4.
A, pantherina, DC.
Under trees. Poisonous. The
flesh remains Er white
when broken. A.
A, spissa, Fries.
Under beeches. A.
Edible, api very delica
Colour of cap variable, zy
buff, orange, or white. A.,
Lepiota, Fries.
L. procera, Scop.
Edible. Popularly known as
the parasol mushroom, on
o
times very large, a specimen
from the Arboretum had a
stem 16 inches long, <a
L. ARMES Vitt.
Edible; similar in flavour and
appearance to L. procera. Q.
Var. puellaris, Fries. A.
L, excoriata, Schaef.
Edible.
L. eee oe Vitt.
Edible
L. Badhami, pm & Broome.
UnderSequoia sempervirens. A.
L. clypeolaria, Bull. A.
L. cristata, Fries. A.
L. cepsestipes, Sow.
On soil in conservatory.
Var. cretaceus, Bull.
In a stove
L. licmophora, Berk. $ Broome.
On soil in n fane a
elegant fungus, a ve of
Ceylon, established by "Berks:
ey and Broome (Journ. Linn.
Soc., Bot. xi., 500); figured
in Cooke's Jilustr. Brit.
Fungi, pl. 1179.
L. carcharia, Pers.
Under Pinus sylvestris. A,
L. granulosa, Batsch.
Under Pinus sylvestris. A:
L. martialis, Che. & Mass.
On palm stem in Palm house.
L. ianthina, Che.
On soil in a stove.
L. felina, 7^
. On the duy zt
118
Armillaria, Fries.
A. mellea, Vahl.
On the ground, round reots of
trees. å destructive parasite,
been injured near the base of
the trunk. When the disease
is once established, the cord-
spawn
is attacked in iurn Edible,
but lacking flavour. A., B., Q.
A, Citri, /nzeng.
On stump. B.
Tricholoma, Fries.
T. portentosum, Fries.
Under trees. A.
E. ie P Fries.
Under trees. Q.
T. albo-brunneum, Pers.
Under trees. A.
T. rutilans, we d
Onstumps. B.
T. imbricatum, Fries.
Under trees. A.
T, terreum, Fries.
Under trees. Q.
T. saponaceum, Fries
On the ground. A. and B.
T, sulfureum, Bull.
On the ground. A., P.
T. album, Schaef.
Among grass under trees. A.,Q.
T. duracinum, Che.
Under beeches. First observed
ra 49
Brit. Fung., pl. 640).
T. personatum, Fries.
Among grass. Edible. One
of tne few species which, in
Tricholoma —cont.
common
** Blue-caps.”
T. nudum, Jes.
Among grass.
ferred by some
ersonatum,
much resembles :
Var. major, Che. A.
T. melaleucum, Fries.
On the naked ground. A., B.
birk porphyroleucum, Fries.
Edible ; pre-
people to
which it
A
T. brevipes, Bull.
On the ground, A.
T. humile, Fries.
On heaps of dead leaves. A.
T. sordidum, 7
On heaps ot dead leaves.
T. Pes-capre, Schaeff.
On the ground under beeches, A.
T. circumtectum, Che. & Mass.
Under beeches. First found
in the gardens in 1886, and
afterwards in abundance in
Hdbh., ed.
1l, 382; Ilustr. Brit. Fung.,
pl. 1182).
T. tenuiceps, oe & Mass.
Under trees. (Che. Hdbk., ed.
ii., 398 ; Illustr. Brit. Fung.,
6.)
A.
pl. 11 166
T. Russula, Schaeff.
Among grass. A.
T. subpulverulentum, Fries,
Among grass. A.
T. cuneifolium, Fries.
Under trees. P.
T. grammopodium, Fries.
Among short grass. A., Q.
Clitocybe, Fries.
C. nebularis, Batsch.
Under
trees among leaves.
hav
fairlyabandant,and not easily
Clitocybe—cont.
mistaken for any other species
when once understood.
C. clavipes, Fries.
Under trees. A.
C. odorus, Fries.
On the ground. A., Q.
C. cerussatus, Fries.
Under trees. A.
C. phyllophilus, Fries.
Among dead leaves
C. pithyophilus, Fries.
Among dead tkm
. tornatus, Frie
Under trees. di
C. candicans, Fries.
Among leaves. A., P.
C. fumosus, Pers.
Among grass by paths.
C. infundibuliformis, Schaeff.
Q.
Among grass.
»
»
C. inversus, Scop.
Under cedars.
C. flaccidus, Fries,
Under trees, P.
C. Tuba, Fries,
Among grass, Q.
C. cyathiformis, Fries.
Under trees. A, B.
C. pruinosus, Fries.
Among grass.
C. brumalis, Fries.
P.
Under trees. Q.
. metachrous, Fries.
Under trees, A., Q.
fragrans, Sow.
Among grass. A., P.
Laccaria, Berk. & Broome.
L. laccata, Berk. & Broome.
Among grass under trees,
Collybia, Fries.
C. radicata, Fries.
Among grass. A., B.
C. platyphylla, Fries.
_ On the ground under trees,
A.
A.
119
Collybia—cont.
C. fusipes, Bull.
Among grass in open places.
Edible. A.
C. maculata, Alb. & Schw.
Among grass.
C. distorta, Fries.
On heaps of dead leaves. A.
C. butyracea, Bull
trees.
On the ground under
A., Q.
C. stipitaria, /?
On ye irit on the ground.
C. Edi Pers,
On the ee A.
C. conigena, Per.
a "m cones si Pinus sylves-
A
C. bec Schum.
On the ground among grass and
moss. À., Q.
C. tuberosa, Bull.
On decaying Russula nigri-
ca 53 Q.
C. ni Fries.
On the ground. A.
C. esculenta, Jacq.
On the ground under trees, A,
C. tenacella, Pers.
Under pines. A.
C. dryophila, Bull.
On the ground under trees.
-> LJ
C. aquosa, Bull.
Among grass under trees. A.
C. ocellata, Fries.
Among grass. A.
C. muscigena, Schum.
On the ground among moss and
grass. Q.
C. rancida, Fries.
On stumps. A.
C. ambusta, Fries.
On burnt ground, A.
C. protracta, Fries
Among leaves lying on the
ground. A.
120
Collybia-—cont.
C. prolixa, Fries
On the gout near iat Q.
Mycena, Fries.
M. pelianthina, Fries.
pod leaves under trees. A.
M. pura
On rd piede under trees.
A., Q.
M. Liesl, Bull.
mong grass. A,
_ M. luteo-alba, Bull.
Among short grass, A.
M. rugosa. ies.
On stumps. A.
M. galericulata, Scop.
On stumps. A. Q.
Var. calopus, peii;
On stumps.
` M. polygramma, Bull.
On stumps. A., B.
. M. dissiliens, /’ries.
Among grass and on a stump. A.
M. atro-cyanea, Batsch.
Among grass under trees. Q.
M. alcalina, Fries.
„On the ground and on stumps
d twigs, Q.
M. ammoniaca, Fries.
Among grass. A.
M, metata, Fries.
Among short grass. A.
M. vitrea, Fries.
. Among grass. Å,
M. vitilis, Fries.
Among grass. A,
M. tenella, Fries.
Among short grass.
M. acicula, Schaeff.
On leaves and small twigs
lying on the grounå. B.
M. sanguinolenta, 4/6. & Schw.
Among dead leaves. A.
M. galopoda, Per.
yP.
On the iti among leaves.
A, Q
Mycena—cont.
M. leucogala, Che.
Onastump. A peculiar litile
fungus of a dark purple
brown colour; when the
stem is broken a white milky
looking fluid exudes in drops.
(Grev. xi., 41; Illustr. Brit.
Fung., pl. 653.) Ah
M. NO Scop.
mong leaves and on branches
lying on the ground. e
M. pelliculosa, Fries.
mong grass.
M. vulgare, Pers
On twigs and ; on leaves on the
ground. A.
M. consimile, Che.
Among leaves. (Grev. Xix., 41 ;
Illustr. Brit. Ting, pl-
1186.) Q:
M. citrinella, P
Among dead idite:
M. rorida, Fries.
Among leaves and moss, and
on twigs. A.
À.
M. tenerrima, Berk.
On twigsand herbaceous stems.
B
M. discopoda, Pers.
On branches, &c. A.
M. corticola, Schum.
On bark of trees, A.
M. hiemale, Osbeck,
On bark of trees. A.
Omphalia, Fries.
0. hydrogramma, Fries,
Among leaves under trees, A.
0. pyxidata, Bull.
On banks. A,
0. rustica, Pers.
On banks. A.
0. hepatica, Batsch.
me hs e P eeu among moss,
0. ule Sow.
On dry banks. A.
0. infumata, Berk & Broome.
Among grass and moss. A.
Ip
Omphalia—coné.
0. umbellifera, Z.
On banks. A.
0. retosta, Fries.
Dry places on the ground. P.
0. griseo-pallida, Desm.
Among dry grass... A., P.
0. Campanella, Batsch.
Among moss and short grass. A.
0. Fibula, Bull.
Among short grass. P.
Var, Swartzii, Fries.
A.
Pleurotus, Fries.
P. corticatus, Fries.
On trunks, A
P. ulmarius, Bull.
On elm trunks.
P. ostreatus, Jacq.
On falten trunks. Many people
are prejudiced against fungi
A., P.
fungus," so called
on account of its cap resemb-
ling an oyster-shell in shape,
safest of edible fun
Var. euosmus, Fries.
On trunks.
Var. columbinus, Bres,
On stumps,
ledged as one of the best and `
ngi. Q.
^
P. salignus, Fries.
On willow trunks by the lake.
P. limpidus, Fries.
On rotten wood lying en the
ground. A.
Pp. gms Schaeff.
On n wood.
P. acerinus, Fries.
On fallen trunks.
P. acerosus, Fries.
On gravel paths and on lawns.
A.
LI
Q.
pu,
Pleurotus—cont.
P, algidus, Fries.
On wood.
P. septicus, Fries.
On twigs and decaying Po.
lyporus.
P. applicatus, Batsch.
n rotten wood. A.
P. hypnophilus, Pers.
On moss, A,, P.
P. chioneus, Pers.
On rotten wood. A.
P. sapidus, Kalchbr.
On elm trunks. Edible. A.
Hygrophorus, Fries.
H. eburneus, Bull.
Among grass under trees. Q.
H. aureus, Arrh.
Among grass. A.
H. hypothejus, Fries.
Among grass. A.
H. mt mb DU & Broome.
ong gra
H. E qe. = & Broome.
Among grass.
H. pratensis, Pers.
Among grass in open places.
Edible. A.
H. virgineus, Wulf.
mong grass.
H, niveus, Scop.
Among short grass.
H. fornicatus, Fries.
Among grass, Q.
H. distans, Berk.
Among grass. Q.
H. Clarkii, Berk. & Broome.
Among grass.
H. irrigatus, Pers.
Among grass, A.
H. ceraceus, Wulf.
Among grass. A.
H. coccineus, Schaeff.
Open places among grass and
moss. Q.
A.
the
Hygrophorus—cont.
H. miniatus, Fries.
Among short grass.
H. puniceus, Fries.
Among grass under trees.
H. obrusseus, Frie.
Short grass in ua places. A.
H. conicus, Sc cop.
Among grass in open places. A.
H. calyptreformis, Berk.
Among grass in open places. A.
Var. niveus,
Among grass. A.
H. chlorophanus, Fries.
Grassy places. A., P.
H. psittacinus, Schaeff.
Among short grass A,
Lactarius, Frie
L. Bibi ee Schaef.
A ver
Q
A
the
| the species
of Lactarius, this fungus |
the liquid is insipid, in others,
as the present, very hot, and
the |
causing a tingling of
tongue.
L. turpis, Fries.
n the ground under trees.
AF
L. controversus, Jers.
Under trees. a
Schrad.
A.
L. pubescens,
Grassy places.
L. blennius, Fries.
On the ground under trees. |
A, P.
"»
L. pyrogalus, Bull.
On the ground under
m Wh
L. quietus, Fries.
Under trees.
Q.
EH
trees, |
Lactarius— cont.
L. aurantiacus, Fries.
Among grass. A.
L. rufus, Scop.
Under pines. A.
L. glyciosmus, Fries.
Under trees. A., Q.
L. volemus, Fries.
On the ground under trees.
Edible. Sept
L. serifluus, DC.
Under trees.
L. subdulcis, 5
Among grass uidi trees. A., Q.
L. camphoratus, Bull.
Under trees.
"s Q
Russula, Fries.
R. nigricans, Bull.
Among grass. A., Q.
R. albo-nigra, Kromb.
Among grass. A
R. adusta, Fries.
Among grass. A., Q.
R. densifolia, Gillet.
nder beeches. A
R. mustelina, Fries.
Under beeches. A.
R. olivascens, Fries.
Under oaks. A.
R. furcata, Fries.
Under tiees. A., Q.
Var. pictipes, Che.
Under trees. A.
Var. ochroviridis, Che.
Under trees.
R. rosacea, Fries,
Grassy places. A.
R. maculata, Quélet.
On naked ground under trees.
A.
R. sardonia, Fries,
Among grass. A.
R. purpurea, Fries.
Under beeches. A.
Russula—cont.
y Pers.
Under beeches. A.
Var. incarnata, Quélet.
Under beeches. A.
R. virescens, Schaeff.
Among grass. A.
R. cutefracta, Che.
Under pines. A.
R. rubra, Fries.
Among grass under trees.
Q
Var. sapida, Quélet.
Under beeches. A.
R. Linnaei, Fries.
Under beeches. A.
R. xerampelina, Schaeff.
Ameng grass under trees.
R. olivacea, Schaef}
Under beeches. A.
R. serotina, Quélet.
Skady places among grass.
R. vesca, Fries.
Among grass under trees.
123
and the
quires knowledge to he cer-
tain that you are dealing
A.
with the right species
R. lilacea, Quélet.
Under various trees. A.
R. cyanoxantha, Schaeff.
Grassy places. A.
R. heterophylla, Fries
Among grass under oaks.
R. galochroa, Bull.
Under beeches. A.
R. consobrina, Fries.
Among grass under trees,
Var. intermedia, Cke
Under beeches. A.
Var. sororia, Fries.
Under beeches, A.
Russula—cont.
R. foetens, Pers.
Under trees. A., Q.
R. subfoetens, W. G. Smith.
Under beeches. A.
R. fellea, Fries.
Under trees.
Entirely pale
straw colour, taste very bit-
ter. Poisonous. A.
R. expallens, Gillet.
Under trees among grass, A.
R. elegans, Bres.
Among gress under beeches. A.
R. emetica, Fries.
Among grass.
A very paua
a Brania food adit for
it being
often difficult to find a single
specimen out of scores that
has not been more or less
eaten.
Var. Clusii, Fries,
Among grass. A.
Var. fallax, Schaeff.
Among grass. A.
R. fingibilis, Britz.
Among grass under oaks, A.
R. pectinata, Buil
Ön the ground under trees.
A.
R. ochracea, Fries.
Under trees. A.
R. granulosa,
Under trees.
Che.
A Q:
R. æruginea, Fries.
A
Among grass,
R. citrina, Gillet.
Grassy and shady places. A.
R. fragilis, Fries.
Among grass. Å.
Var, niveus, Pers.
Under trees among grass
and leaves, A
Russula—cont,
R. punctata, Gillet.
Among grass. A.
. Var. leucopus, Che.
mong grass. A
R. veternosa, Frie
Among grass naia trees. A.
~ R. integra, L.
Among ames under oaks and
beeches
„R. dietas Fries.
mong grass, A
R. Barlae, Quelet.
Under beeches, A.
Var. cuprea, Kromb.
Under beeches. A.
R. nitida, Pers.
Among short grass under trees.
As Q.
R. alutacea, Fries.
Under trees. A.
R. armeniaca, Cke.
Under pines. A.
R. puellaris, Fries.
Among short grass. A.
Var. intensior, Che.
Among grass. P.
Var. roseipes, Sec?
Under ipn
grass
among
R. ochroleuca, Pers.
Among grass under beeches. A.
R. chamaeleontina, Fries.
On naked ground under beeches.
A.
R. lutea, Huds.
Among short grass in shady
places. A. Q.
R. nauseosa, Pers.
Among short grass. A.
R. vitellina, Pers.
Under trees. A.
Cantharellus, Fries.
C. cibarius, Fries.
Under beeches. oat , fleshy
fungus of a uniform pale,
dull orange fbar, and an
124
Cantharellus— cont.
agreeable smell, resembling
that of nerd: Generally
urope as one of the best
j among edible fungi, if pro-
perly prepared. A.
C. aurantiacus, Fries.
mong short grass in da
places Somewhat resem-
bling C. cibarius in colour
and general appearance, but
a slenderer plant. Poisonous.
A
oQ
C. carbonarius, A/b. & Schw.
Burnt ground. Q.
C. infundibuliformis, Vries.
Among grass. A
C. muscigenus, Bull.
On mosses (Hypnum). A.
C. lobatus, Fries.
On mosses. A.
Nyctalis, Fries.
N. asterophora, Fries.
n i fungi (Russula ni-
gricans). Q.
Marasmius, Fries.
M. ürens, Fries.
Among grass. A.
M. peronatus, Bolton.
Among grass. A very common
fungus under trees; the
stem is shaggy with yellowish
down. Taste very pungent;
poisonous. yQ:
M. oreades, Fries.
Among grass in open places.
nonn as the
* Champignon ° in
open pastures and often f torii
“fairy rings.” — Esteeme
France and Italy.
M. prasiosmus, Fries,
Among dead leaves under trees.
Q.
M. erythropus, Pers.
On stumps. Q.
125
Marasmius—cont.
M. archyropus, Fries.
Among leaves.
M. ramealis, Bull.
On dead brambie stems. Q.
M. alliaceus, Jacq.
Among dead leaves, A.
M. Rotula, Scop.
On dead twigs lying on the
ground. A., Q.
M. androsaceus, L.
On dead branches. A.
M. insititius, Fries.
On dead twigs. A~, P.
M. Hudsoni, Pers.
On dead holly leaves. A.
M. epiphyllus, Fries.
a dead leaves. A., Q.
Lentinus, Fries.
L. tigrinus, Fries.
On dead wood. A.
L. lepideus, Fries.
On dead wood. A, Q.
.. L, cochleatus, Fries.
On stumps. Has a very agree-
able, spiey smell, and is
edible. Q:
Panus, Fries.
P. stypticus, Fries.
On dead logs. A.
Lenzites, Fries.
.L. betulina, Z.
On stumps. A.
L. abietina, Fries.
On fir rails. Q.
Hiatula, Fries.
H. Wynniae, Berk, $ Broome.
On soil in E stove. Phos-
Mag.
206; Illustr. Brit. Fung.,
pl. 688.)
Volvaria, Fries.
V. bombycina, eeu
On living elm trees. A very
beautiful fungus, ‘sometimes
growing t large . size
aM inches; stem
gure along with the
specimen is in the Her-
ium. à
V. gloiocephala, Fries
n the ground. Poisonous. A.
V. temperata, Berk. & Broome,
On soil in a hot-house.
V. speciosa, ries.
On the ground. Poisonous. A.
Pluteus, Fries.
P, cervinus, Schae
On stumps and cR. A.
P. nanus, Pers.
On stumps and on the ground.
e
Entoloma, Fries.
E. sinuatum, Fries.
n the ground
Poisonous. Q
under trees.
E. jubatum, Fries.
On the pee E Brass: Q.
E. sericellum, 7? :
On the ground a na grass. Q.
E. clypeatum, L.
On the round under trees.
AI.
E. rhodopolium, Fries.
On the ground.
E. costatum, Fries.
On the ground among grass. A.
E. sericeum, Bull.
In grassy places. A.
E. nidorosum, Fries
On the ground under trees.
, Q.
Clitopilus, Fries.
C. prunulus, Scop.
Under trees. A.
C. cancrinus, Fries.
On the ground. A.
C. carneo-albus, Wither.
Among grass.
Leptonia, Fries.
L. lampropoda, Fries.
Among short grass. A.
L. anatina, Lasch.
Among short grass. A.
L. serrulata, Pers.
Among grass. A.,
L. chalybea, Pers.
On stumps. Q.
L. chloropolia, Fries.
Among short grass. A.
Nolanea, Fries.
N. pascua, Pers.
Among short grass.
N. mammosa, Fries.
Among grass.
Eccilia, Fries.
E. Acus, W. G. Smith.
Un pine leaves, A
E. rhodocylix, Lasch.
On the ground. A.
Claudopus, W. G. Smith.
C. variabilis, Pers.
On twigs. A.
C. vide Batsch.
On
C. pyssisedus, Bii:
On woo , Q.
S
Aj:
Pholiota erebia, Fries.
T the ground under cedars.
P. uh Bull,
On the ground. A.
P. dura, Bolton.
On the ground. Q.
P. praecox, Pers.
‘Among grass. A. P.
126
Pholiota—cont.
P. radicosa, Bull,
On the ground near trunks. Q.
P. Aegerita, Fries.
On trunks. Q.
P. squarrosa, Mill.
On stumps. A.
P. spectabilis, Fries.
Ou trunks. Q.
P. adiposa, Fries.
On trunks. Q.
P. mutabilis, Schaeff.
On logs. A.
P. marginata, Batsch.
On fallen pine leaves. A.
Inocybe, /"ries.
I. pyriodora, Pers.
n the ground under trees.
"7
. incarnata, Bres.
Among grass under trees. Q.
I. scaber, Müll.
On the ground. A.
Lon]
I. fasciata, Che. & Mass.
species remarkable in the
genus Inocybe for growing
in dense tufts. rev. xvii,
52; lllustr. Brit. Fungi, pl.
73.) A.
I. Bongardii, Weinm.
Among short grass. <A.
I. echinata, Roth.
On soil in the Temperate House.
I. asterospora, Quélet.
On the ground under trees, A.
I. perbrevis, Veimn.
Among short grass. A.
I. scabella, Fries.
On the ground under trees.
Varying in colour from pure
white to a beautiful pale lilac.
PF
I. geophylla, Sı
On the Brod under trees.
pale bluish-
mon ;sometimes white. A. P.
-127
Hebeloma, Fries.
H. fastibile, rres,
On the ground under trees
Smell I" and apensit
poisono TÀ.
H. as Fries.
On the ground under Pinus
sylvestris. .
H. claviceps, Fries.
On the ground. A.
H. mesophaeum, Fries.
Under fir trees. A.
H. sinapizans, Fries.
On the grourd near stumps.
5 Q
H. crustuliniforme, Bull.
On the ground. Smell
strong
and unpleasant;
poisonous.
H. longicaudum, Pers.
Under trees. Q.
Flammula, Fries.
F. purpurata, Che. § Mass.
— On tree-fern stems; in the Fern
ouse.
Illustr. Brit.
964.) (See plate.)
opodia, Bull.
On the ground. A
F. lenta, Pers.
On the ground under trees.
F.
Q.
F. spumosa, Fries.
On buried wood. A.
F. carbonaria, Fries.
On burnt ground. A.
F. flavida, Schaeff.
On wood. A., Q., P.
F. inopoda, Fries.
On rotten trunks. This fungus
will probably prove to be a
species of Hypholoma. A.
F. sapinea, Fries.
Under pines.
A.
Naucoria, Fries.
_N. hamadrya, Fries.
Among grass. A.
Naucoria—cont.
N. ceratodes, Fries.
Among grass, A.
N. melinoides, Fries.
Among short grass.
N. striaepes, Cke.
Among grass. P.
This Komaras fine ge
Naucoria wus
served on a lawn near the
Herbarium in 1885, and has
A., Q.
been noted in the same
Esap every year since that
time. It has also been col-
rated in Yorkshire. (Grev.
xi 60; lllustr. Brit.
Fungi, pl. 478.)
N. pediades, Fries.
Among short grass. A. P.
N. tabacina, D.C.
Or naked ground. A.
N. temulenta, Fries.
Among moss and grass. A.
Galera, Vries,
G. tenera, Schaeff.
Among grass, A.Q.
G. Hypnorum, Batsch,
Among grass, common every-
where,
Var. Bryorum, Pers.
Among moss and grass.
A.
Tubaria, Fries.
T. furfuracea, P,
On twigs and cips A.
T. crobula, 7
On fallen e. A.
Crepidotus, Fries.
C. mollis, Schaeff.
On decaying trunks. Q.
Chitonia, Fries.
.C. rubriceps, Che. & Mass.
On soil in the Aroid House:
bility imported with soil or
plants. from the Southern
Chitonia—cont.
Hemisphere. =- (Grev: XV.,
= 873 Mustra Brite Page
pi. 967.) (See plate.)
Bolbitius, Fries.
B. tener, Berkas
Among grass. A.
Cortinarius, Fries.
C. glaucopus, Fries.
On the ground under trees. Q.
C. coerulescens, Fries.
Under trees.
C. purpurascens, Fries.
Among grass under trees. Q.
C. mucifluus, Fries.
Under trees. A.
C. ochroleucus, Schaeff.
Among gras The
abundant species of this Hive
genus, which is but sparsely
eel in the grounds.
. cinnamomeus, Fries.
Under trees. Q.
Among grass under trees. |
were submitted to Fries, who
stated that they exactly repre-
sented his idea of the species.
C. hinnuleus, Fries.
Among grass, A small form of
this a barng the pileus
abou m. across is not
uncommon
C. castaneus, Fries
On the ground. A single speci-
men, so far as I aj
has only been collected. A.
Faxillus, Fries.
P. orcelloides, Che. & Mas
. On the ground among grass
Grev. xvi., 46; Illustr. Brit.
Fmi pl. 874) Q.
128
Paxillus—cont.
P, involutus, Batsch.
; the ground; common
| everywhere. Edible.
| P. leptopus; ries.
| agi On rotten wood. Q.
|
mn puteus L.
mong grass. This is omi
considered as the de-
lieious of all edible. Tae.
|
| ©
| AMOUR supposed to be the
| only species sold, it is in
| reality rare in the market as
| a cultivated species.
A. augustus, /7ies.
Naked soil. This esi
bu
superior to that of the com-
mon mushroom, A.
A, arvensis, Schaeff.
ong grass. It is tobefound
every season under elm trees.
Edible, and by some con-
sidered superior to the mush-
room. Popularly known as
the Horse mushroom
A. comptulus, Jes.
Among grass. A.
A, sagatus, Fries.
Under trees. A.
Stropharia, Fries.
S. Coronilla, Bull.
Among grass. A neat little
fungus, superficially closely
resembling Agaricus comp-
tulus, but distinguished by
the gills being attached. to
the stem. Poisonous. A.,
S. squamosa, Fries.
On heaps of leaves and decaying
vegetable matter in damp
places. A.
S. thrausta, Kalchb.
On decaying vegetable matter,
and on the ground in damp
places, A., Q, 203
129
Stropharia—-cont.
S. merdaria, Fries.
On dung. A.
S. stercoraria, Fries.
On dung. A., P.
S. aeruginosa, Curtis.
Among grass Common. Poi-
sonous
S. somiglobata, Batsch.
On dung. Poisonous, A, P.
Hypholoma, Fries.
H. sublateritium, Fries.
On stumps. Poisonous. A., Q.
Var. squamosum, Che.
On stumps.
H. epixanthum, Fries.
On stumps. Q.
H. mec H udsoi
and c ug
"RAT Poisono
Var. eleodes, Fries.
On stumps. A.
H. velutinum, Pers.
On the ground near decaying
ood. Ay Q.
H. pyrotrichum, /7o/ms.
On the ground. A.
H. candolleanum, Fries.
On stumps and buried wood.
444 M.
H. appendiculatum, Budd.
On rotten wood. Common.
H. catarium, Fries.
On the ground. A.
H. capnoides, Frie
On the ead” near stumps.
Q.
stumps.
ous.
H. hydrophilum, Bull.
On the ground. A.
Psilocybe, Fries.
P. semilanceata, Fries.
Among short grass.
Poisonous.
Var. coerulescens, Che.
Common.
Among grass. A. Differs
i form 7
from ihe typical
Psilocybe—con¢.
only in being blue or
greenish atthe base of
the stem.
P. spadicea, Schaeff.
On the naked ground. A.
P. foenisecii, Pers.
Among grass. Common.
Psathyra, Fries.
P. corrugis, Pers.
On naked soil. A.
P. semivestita, Berk. & Broome.
Among grass. Itis only during
the young state that the
pileus is covered with white,
occose down; when fully
deve peed: it is usually quite
naked.
Panaeolus, Fries.
P. egregius, Mass.
Among grass. <A,
P. fimiputris, Bull.
On dung. A,P
P. retirugis, Batsch.
On dung. A.
P. campanulatus, 7.
Among grass. Common.
P. papilionaceus, Bull.
Among grass. Common.
Anellaria, Karsten,
A. separata, Karsten.
On dung. A., P,
A. fimiputris, Karsten.
On dung. Common.
Psathyrella, qoem
P. gracilis, 7?
On naked Padi under hedges,
&c. A.
P. hiascens, Fries.
On the ground under trees.
A
P. atomata, Fries.
On the ground under hedges,
mmon.
P. disseminata, Fries.
On decaying trunks and stumps,
T
130
Coprinus, Fries.
C. comatus, Frie
On rich soil ud on heaps of
decayed leaves. A very ele-
ant fungus
finches” One of the best
À
exhitiied in No.2 Museum.
A. Q.
C. sterquilinus, Fries
On dung and rich soil,
C. atramentarius, Fries.
se the ground near decaying
trm 1. Edible,
bero ual in flavour to
piat ig piahi,
C. soboliferus, Fries.
A., P.
On the g poss. Probably only
a variety o atramentarius.
Edible.
C. fimetarius, Fries.
Com-
On manure heaps, &e.
mon.
C. niveus, Fries.
On dung. Common.
C. micaceus, Fries,
On the ground near stamps,
posts, &e. Growing in dense
clusters; the us when
young is thickly deste d with
glittering par pk oe
fragme nts of mic
, Coprinus --cont.
C. deliquescens, Buil.
On trunks, heaps e —
leaves , &c. Com
C. tardus, ARR
A: the ground near buried
ood. A.
C. tiles, Quélet.
On dung. An interesting little
ies, springing from a
small black sclerotium. The
sclerotia were found by Mr
G. Nicholson, the Curator of
the Gardens ; the sporophores
appeared a week after the
sclerotia w ere placed in damp
ea
was established by Quélet
from French specimens (Bull.
Soc. Bot. France, xxiv., 289,
pl. 3,:1877).- B.
C. Hendersoni, Berk.
On soil in hot beds.
C. Lagopus, Fries,
On rich soil. A., P.
C. radiatus, Fries
only abovt 2 lines across.
C. stercorarius, /ries.
On dung, rich soil, &c. Com-
mon.
C. ephemerus, Fries.
Com-
On manure heaps, &c,
POLYPOREÆ.
Boletus, Di//.
B. luteus, L.
Under pines. A.
B. elegans, Schum.
Under pines. A.
B. flavus, With
On the ground under trees. A.
B. chrysenteron, Fries.
n ound. The most
abundant species in the
grounds. Very handsome,
with its olive cap and bright
| Boletus—cont.
lemon- hec under surface,
Poison
B. Meere ?
On the ground. Common.
B. cruentus, Vent.
On the ground under beeches,
Smell strong ; flesh changing
to red when eut or bruised.
B. impolitus, Fries.
Under trees. A,
Boletus—conf.
B. fulvidus, Fries.
Under trees. A.
B. castaneus, Bull.
Under trees. A rare fungus,
readily recognised the
minutely velvety pale chest-
nut-coloured pileus and stem.
A
B. spadiceus, Schaef.
Under trees. A.
B. radicans, Pers.
Under trees. A.
B. duriusculus, Schulzer.
On the ground. The flesh
turns copper-coloured when
eut or bruised. š
B. radicans, Pers.
Among grass under trees.
B. badius, Z
Among grass.
B. bovinus, Z.
Under pines.
B. granulatus,
Under trees.
A.
KY
A.
L.
Edible, A.
rose-coloured cap or pileus
4—6 inches across.
B. luridus, Schaeff.
On the ground under trees.
cles i
Poisonous.
The cap or
pileus resembles a penny bun
in shape, size, and colour.
Edible. Q.
B. purpureus, Fries.
Urder trees. A.
u 98272.
131
| Boletus—cont.
|
B. rubinus, W. G. Smith.
Under beeches. A.
B. viscidus, Z
Under trees. Q.
B. laricinus, Berk.
Under pines. A.
B. scaber, Fries.
Among grass. Edible.
B. caespitosus, Mass.
Among grass under trees. The
only British species of Boletus
that grows in dense clusters,
(Brit. Fungus-Flora, i., 297.)
A.
A4Q.
Fistulina, Bull.
F. Hepatica, Fries.
On living trunks of old oak
trees. hen well grown
forming large iare weighing
beef when cut in slices, hence
the popular name beefsteak
eN Edible. A., B.
Polyporus, Micheli.
P. rufescens, Fries
On stumps. Q.
P. squamosus, Fries.
On living trunks of various
trees. Common. An elegant
fungus, but a destructive
parasite
P. melanopus, Fries.
On buried wood. A.
P. picipes, Fries.
On willow trunks.
P. varius, Fries
On fallen trunks and stumps.
A., Q.
rf.
P. elegans, Fries,
On birch trunk. Q.
Var. nummularius, Fries.
On fallen trunks. Q.
P. giganteus, Fries.
At the base of trunks. The
large overlapping pilei often
form patches 2-3 feet across
À.
B
132
Polyporus—cont,
P. sulphureus, Fries.
On living trunks of various
trees, ommon. istin-
guished by the bright oan
colour of
the very disagreeable rell.
- — uctive parasite to
E ipe Fries.
On willow A which are
destroyed by it. A.
P. dryadeus, Fries.
Parasitic on oak trunks, usually
growing near the base. T.
P. hispidus, Fries.
On living trunks of various
trees. very destructive
parasite Q
P. cuticularis, Fries.
On beech trunk. A parasitic
species mm
P. mollis, 7
On dead Pe wood. Q.
P. Destructor, Fries.
On worked wood, which it
destroys.
P. betulinus, Frie
Parasitic on birch trunks. Q.
Common.
P. chioneus, Fries.
On pine trunks. A.
P. caesius, Fries.
On decayed pine trunk. Q.
P. armeniacus, Berk.
On stumps and dead wood. Q.
presents the appearance of
having been varnished.
F. ulmarius, Fries.
On old elm trunks. A,
F. connatus, Fries.
On old trunks, Q.
Fomes—cont.
F. fomentarius, Fries.
On living trunks of various
factured from this Daten
are mine | s
Mnseu
F. cam Fries.
On living birch trunk, A
parasitic species. Q.
F. salicinus, Fries.
On willow trunks. A.
F. fraxineus, Fries.
On old ash trunks. A.
F. annosus, Fries.
Base of trunks, stumps, &c.
destructive fungus,
especially to Conifers. Q.
F. applanatus, Fries.
On dead trunks. Q.
F. conchatus, Fries.
On willow trunks. A.
F. ferruginosus, Mas
On dead E pr &c.
» X
Polystictus. Fries.
P. perennis, Fries.
On the ground under beeches.
A
P. versicolor, Fries.
On dead trunks, stumps, &c.
Common.
P. hirsutus, Fries.
On cps posts, &c. Com-
r, viti Fries
On trunks and tiri pd Com-
P, ioiii Fries.
On decaying fir tree. A.
133
Poria, Pers.
P. vaporaria, Fries.
On fallen branches.
Usualy a saprophyte, but
sometimes becoming parasitic,
and destroying Conifers
P. Medulla-panis, Fries.
Q
Common.
On rotten wood.
P. blepharistoma, Berk. $4
Broome.
On dead wood. A., P.
P. sanguinolenta, 4/b. & Schw.
On dead wood, A,
Trametes, Fries.
T. gibbosa, Fries.
Onstumps. Q.
T. serpens, Fries.
On fallen bark. Q.
Daedalea, Pers.
D. quercina, Pers.
On oak stumps. <A.
D. unicolor, (ries.
On posts.
Merulius, Hall.
M. lacrymans, Fries.
On old boards. opone
y
it causes with worked timber
in badly ventilated places.
Fine specimens of this fungus
are exhibited in No. 2
Moe o
M. Cori
On dead ahi Q.
M. tremellosus, Schrad.
On dead wood. P.
HyDNE.
Hydnum, Z.
H. Weinmanni, Fries.
On rotten poplar. Q.
H. alutaceum, Fries.
On rotten wood. A.
H. viride, Fries.
On rotten wood. A.
H. niveum, Pers.
On dead wood. A., Q.
H. farinaceum, Per.
On rotten pine ME A,
Caldesiella, Saccardo.
C. ferruginosa, Saccardo.
On decaying wood. A.
Irpex, Fries.
I. fusco-violaceus, Fries
On pine trunks. This fungus
this species is
more than a form of Poly-
stictus abietinus with torn
pores, A.
Radulum, Fries.
R. quercinum, Fries.
On dead oak branches. A.
Radulum--co»t.
R. orbiculare, Fries.
On dead bark of various trees.
A.
Phlebia, Fries.
P. vaga, Fries.
On dead wood. Q.
P. radiata, Fries.
On dead wood. Q.
P. merismoides, ies.
On dead wood.
Grandinia, Fries.
G. granulosa, Fries.
On fallen branches. A,
G. crustosa, Fries.
On dead wood. A,
Odontia, Pers.
0. fimbriata, Per
On fallen ebat: Q.
Kneiffia, Fries.
K. setigera, Fries.
On fallen branches. A.
B 2
134
THELEPHORE.
Solenia, Hoffmann.
S. fasciculata, Pers.
On dead wood. B.
am Fries.
capula, Frie.
"n dead iene stem. Q.
C. albo-violacea, -—
On dead bark.
C. villosa, ferite
On rotten twigs. A.
Craterellus, Fries.
C. cornucopioides, Pers.
the ground. A quaint
looking fungus, resembling a
black funnel with a wa vy
margin. Edible, and with an
excellent flavour. Q.
Stereum, Pers. -
B. spadiceum, Fries.
On dead branches. Common.
S. rugosum, Fries,
On dead branches. Common.
S. sanguinolentum, Fries.
On decaying pine plank. The
hymenium becomes blood-red
when scratched or bruised.
A
B. purpureum, Pers.
On desd trunks and branches.
ommon.
S. ochroleucum, Fries.
On dead bark, especially of
Aesculus Hippocastanum. A.
S. hirsutum, Fries
On dead trunks, branches, &c.
Common. Is sometimes a
destructive parasite on trees.
Corticium, Pers.
C. comedens, Fries.
On branches. Common. Deve-
loping under the bark, which
is eventualiy thrown off. A
parasite.
C. coeruleum, Fries.
On old posts. Of a beautiful
clear blue colour, and with a
silky sheen when well deve-
loped. One the few
Corticium—cont.
eae Fungi that are phos-
phorescent, emitting a pale
bluish light i in the dark, A.
C. flaveolum, Mass.
On trunk of a tree-fern in the
Temperate House. Proba-
bly an introduced species.
C. sanguineum, Fries.
On fallen branches. Q.
C. polygonium, Fries.
On deeaying bark. Q.
C. molle, Fries.
On pine bark. A,
C. roseolum, Mass.
On old worked wood. A.
C. lacunosum, Berk. § Broome.
On dead wood.
C. Sambuci, /ries.
On bark of Sambucus nigra. Q.
C. arachnoideum, Berk,
"a dead wood branches, &c.
A.Q.
C. confiüems, Fries.
On bark of Fagus sylvatica. A.
C. lacteum, ies.
Ke
C. populinum, Fries.
On poplar bark. A.
Hymenochaete, Lev.
H. rubiginosa, Lév.
On decorticated wood. A.
H. leonina, Berk. T Curt.
On dead wood
H. corrugata, Lév.
On dead w
Peniophora, Che.
P. quercina, Che.
On oak branches. A.
P. gigantea, Mass.
On pine bark. A.
P. pezizoides, Mass
On dead branches of Aesculus
Hippocastanum. <A.
135
Peniophora—coné. Thelephora—cont.
P. rosea, Mass. T. terrestris, Ehrh.
On wood. A. On the ground under pines. A,
P. incarnata, Mass. T. laciniata, Pers.
On wood and bark. A., P. On the found underpines. A.
P. ochracea, Mass.
Inside dead bark. Q. Coniophora, DC.
P. cinerea, Che. C. olivacea, Mass,
On bark and wood. Common. | On dead pine trunk. Q.
P. velutina, Che. | C. arida, Karsten.
On wood. A., Q. On dead pine wood. Q.
P. phyllophila, Mass. C. suiphurea, Mas.
On dead leaves. A. Running over pes of dead
P. terrestris, Mass. leaves. A
Running over branches, leaves, C. ochracea, Mas
and the naked ground. A. On the inside of elm bark. Q.
Soppittiella, Mass. C. pulverulenta, Mass.
S. cristata, Mass. On dead wood. Q.
On the ground, incrusting C. membranacea, DC
leaves, moss, é ; i ps
S. sebacea, Mass Q On damp wall of a potting shed.
Running over various substances C. incrustans, Mass.
lying on the ground. A. Running over heaps of dead
Thelephora, Ehrh. leaves.
T. caryophyllea, Pers. C. puteana, Mass.
On the ground. A. On dead bark. A.
CLAVARIEZ.
Clavaria, Vaillant. | Clavaria—cont.
C. muscoides, L | C. inæqualis, Fi. Dan.
Among grass. A. Among grass. A.
C. fastigiata, Z. C. argillacea, Fries.
Among grass. A. Among grass.
On stump. Smell pleasant, | © ee
Scop.
pyrenees that of aniseed. B. Among g Edible, conet
(See plate). Fee 5 that of chee
C. consists L. A.
On the ground under trees. Q. C. fragilis, Holmsk.
C. cinerea, Bull. Among grass. A.
On the ground. A. C. uncialis, Grev.
C. cristata, Holmsk. | On dead stems of various
Under trees. Edible. Q. | Umbellifers. Q.
C. rugosa, Bull. |
Under trees. P 0. | Typhula, Pers.
. fusife , Sow. | T. erythropus, 7
E
Under trees, Q. On dead herbaceous stems. Q.
136
| Pistillaria—cont.
P. quisquilaris, Fries.
On dead herbaceous stems, Q.
Typhula—cont.
T. phacorrhiza, Fries.
On dead herbaceous stems.
Pistillaria, Fries.
P. micans, Frie
On dead thistle stems. Q.
DacRYOMYCETE.
Dacryomyces, Nees. Ditiola, Fries.
D. deliquescens, Duby. D. radicata, Fries.
On pine rails, &e. Common, On rotten wood. A..
|
|
|
|
Calocera, Fries.
D. stillatus, Nees.
On dead, damp wood. Common. C. viscosa, Fries.
On oak d. Aig Qe
D. chrysocomus, Fries. erbe jq
Ob ach a T NE C. stricta, Fries,
n soft decayed pine wood, A. On ob ^ Q.
C. striata, Fries.
D. succineus, Fries.
On trunks. A.
On fallen pine leaves, A.
COCOS TREMELLINEX, |
Tremella, Dill. Exidia, Fries.
T. lutescens, Pers. E. glandulosa, Fries.
On a stump. A. On dead oak branches. A pecu
T. mesenterica, Retz. EN n » ps Sins gelatinous
3
Ys witcher butter,”
On dead branches. Common.
Ulocolla, Bref.
T. frondosa, Fries.
On fallen trunk. Q. U. saccharina, Bref.
: On dead pine wood, A.
T. Tubercularia, Berk. U. foliacea, Bref.
On stumps. Q.
On fallen oak branches. A.
A URICULA RIEJE.
Auricularia, Bull. | Hirneola, Fries.
A, mesenterica, Fries. | H, Auricula-judæ, B
On dead trunks. Common, | On dead branches of Sambucus
A. lobata, Sommerf. nigra.
On trunk. A
Gastromycetes.
PHALLOIDE X.
Aseróe—cont.
Aserée, La Bill.
A. rubra, La Bill. spreading rays bright crim-
n. As is usual in the mem-
— On soil in a stove. A very
beautiful fungus, resembling bers of the present i
The the very minute spores
talked sea-anemone.
stem is pure white and the immersed in mucus, which
137
As erée—cont.
has a sweet taste and a Mal
mel. Num
the spores are dispersed.
introduced species; a native
of Queensland. (See plate.)
Phallus, Micheli.
P. impudicus, L.
On the ground. Readily detec-
ted by the smell which is
very offensive and observable
at a distance, A., Q
Mutinus, Fries.
M. caninus, Frie
On the poti:
slight. a
Smel] only
Lycoperdon, Towrnefort.
L. echinatum, Pers.
On the ground. A.
L. Tene Vitt.
Under trees. Q.
L, saccatum, Va Al.
AR grass under trees. Com-
Lycoperdon—cont.
L. gemmatum, Batsch.
Among grass under trees, Com-
mon.
L. pyriforme, Scheff.
On rotten wood. Common.
L. coelatum, Bull.
Among grass. A., P.
L. Bovista, L.
ong grass. The largest
British puff-ball, sometimes
pu
reaching a diameter of 12
Edible, having a very
delicate flavour. A.
Bovista, Dill.
B. plumbea, Berk,
Among grass. Common.
B. nigrescens, Vitt.
Among grass, Common.
B. pusilla, Mass,
Among grass. A.
B. ovalispora, Che. & Mass.
Among grass. A.
ScLERODERME.
Scleroderma, Pers.
S. vulgare, Fries.
On the ground under trees.
Common
S. verrucosum, ers.
On the ess Common.
S. Bovista, Fi
On the amit å. Q.
Scleroderma—cont.
S. Geaster, Fries.
On the ground. The species
Scleroderma are o
or truffle “family are ert
from the grounds. A.,
NIDULARIEJX.
Cyathus, Haller.
C. striatus, Hoffm.
are popu
“ birds’-nest fungus;
C. vernicosus, DC.
On the ground. Common.
Crucibulum, Tul.
C. vulgare, Tul.
On wood and twigs. A.
Nidularia, Tul.
N. pisiformis, Tul.
.On wood, A.
Sphaerobolus, 7'ode.
S. stellatus, Tode.
On — idus ~ a plan
house. A minute but =
beautiful fuori pl first ball-
shaped, then splitting above
into severa! teeth, and eject-
ing to some distance a little
138
| Sphaerobolus—cont.
|
yellow bail containing the
pores.
Thelebolus, Tode.
T. terrestris, A/b. $ Schw.
On heaps of dead leaves. A.
ASCOMYCETES.
Pyrenomycetes.
ERYSIPHE.
All the species belonging to this family are parasites, and in some
The
instances very de
structive to cultivated wis
hey appear under the
form of a delicate white film on living leaves
Podosphaera, Kunze.
P. Oxyacanthae, De Bary.
On living leaves of Crataegus.
Common.
P. tridactyla, De Bary.
On living leaves of various
species of Prunus. Common.
Sphaerotheca, Lév.
S. pannosa, Lév.
—
eh. and fruit of ihia
es. A dangerous enemy
fo roses, causing the foliage
to drop prematurely.
S. Castagnei, Lev.
On living leaves of various
cucurbitaceous plants. When
ndantly developed, the
leaves present the appearance
of having received a coat of
whitewas
Phyllactinia, Lév.
P. suffulta, Saccardo.
On leaves of Lonicera, on
alba, Cornus sanguine
Uncinula, Lév.
U. Bivonae, Lév.
On living leaves of Ulmus
campestris
U. adunca, Lev.
On leaves of Populus nigra.
Uncinula—cont.
U. i, Saccardo.
On leaves of Prunus spinosa.
U. Aceris, Saccardo.
On living | — of Acer Pseu-
dopla
Microsphaera, Lév.
M. Dubyi, Zév.
On living leaves of Lonicera
Shee,
M. Berberidis,
On rie, ‘ue of Berberis
M. psa ;
On living leaves X Lonicera
sempervirens and Betula
pubescens.
Erysiphe, Hedwig.
E. lamprocarpa, Zév.
On living leaves of Aster
grandiflorus, Centaurea ni-
grescens, Cousinia uncinata,
and many other composites.
4
E. Umbelliferarum, De Bary.
On living leaves of many um-
belliferous plants. Common.
E. communis, Fries.
On living leaves of various
plants. Common.
139
PERISPORIE®.
Eurotium, Link. | Perisporium, Fries.
E. Herbariorum, Link. | P. vulgare, Corda.
On decaying plants. Common.
E. lateritium, Mont. |
On damp, decaying plants. |
On rotting sacking.
CAPNODIE®.
Capnodium, Mont. | Antennaria, Link.
a, AN | A, laevigata, Corda.
On living id and leaves
Salix viminalis and S. On bark of Betula alba.
Caprea.
C. Tiliae. Saccardo.
On living leaves of Tilia par- |
vifolia |
HyPoCREX,
Claviceps, Tul. | Nectria—cont.
C. purpurea, Tul. | N. Aquifolii, Fries.
Parasitic in the ovary of Lolium | On dead holly bark. A., B.
perenne and other grasses, | . Lamvi. Desm.
The black, hornlike “stroma | E vertens
: ; | On dead wood.
of the fungus is known by
the name of Ergot, and is | N. mammoidea, Plow.
used medicinally. On dead —
N. Ribis, Tod
v dead Sas of Ribes
ureum. Parasitic on various
Cordyceps, Fries. : : |
c militaris, Link. |
|
|
igen larva of some insect. species of Ribes
Epichloe, Fries. | Hypomyces, Fries.
E. ina, Pers. | H. chrysospermus, Tul.
Parasitic on the living stems of | On various s species of Boletus
Holcus lanatus and H.inollis. | and
H. rosellus, dn & Schw.
Hypocrea, Fries.
H. Hin. Pers On Corticium, Stereum, and
On dead wood Poria. gis
Polystigma, Pers. H. lateritius, Fries.
On Poria vaporaria.
On living leaves of various | Lasionectria, Saccardo.
species of Prunus. L. rousselliana, Mont.
Nectria, Fries. On dead wood.
N. cinnabarina, Tode. ;
On dead branches. A trueand | Gibberella, Saccardo.
very destructive- parasite, G. cyanogena, Desm
attacking trees and shrubs, On bark of Sambucus nigra.
hel : i |
the branches of which become Acrospermum, Tode.
thickly studded with l-
y studded with cora puit ode
coloured — one to two
lines in diamet On dead herbaceous stems.
P. rubrum, Pers.
140
XYLARIEJE.
Xylaria, Hill.
X. polymorpha, Grev.
On decaying logs.
X. digitata, Fries.
On dead wood.
X. vaporaria, Berk.
: In soil in frames.
X. carpophila, Frie
On fallen beech im
X. Hypoxylon, Fries.
On dead wood
Nummularia, Tul.
N. Bulliardi, Tul.
On dead wood.
Hypoxylon, Fries.
H. coccineum, Bull.
On dead hazel.
H. fuscum, Pers.
On dead wood.
DOTHIDEÆ,
Phyllachora, Fuckel.
P. Ulmi, Duv.
On living leaves of Ulmus.
P. Trifolii, Pers
On aAa leaves of Trifolium
mediu
P. graminis, Pa
On living are of various
grasses.
Rhopographus, JVitzAe.
R. filicinus, Fries.
On living fronds of
aquilina
Rhytisma, Fries.
R. acerinum, Pers,
On living leaves of Acer cam-
pestre and A. Pseudopla-
: h k
Pteris
blotches so common on syca-
more leaves are caused by
Rhytisma—cont.
this fungus, which does con-
siderable ME ec the
leaves to fall early the
season, bet er the wood
is not properly matured, and
the stock of accumulated food
insufficient for the following
^
diseased leaves are collected
and burned soon after they
fall.
R. salicinum, Fries.
On living leaves of Salix
Caprea and S. viminalis.
STIGMATEX.
Stigmatea, Fries. Stigmatea—cont.
S. Robertiani, Fries. S. JEgopodii, Frie
On Des s pet of Geranium On living leaves ot Aegopodium.
robertia
DIATRYPEJE.
Diatrype, Fries. Diatrype—cont.
D. Brassicae, Che.
On dead cabbage stalks.
D. verruciformis, LAr.
aa dead branches of Fagus
sylv
D. quercina, Fries.
On dead branches of Quercus.
D. Stigma, Hoffm.
On dead wood.
141
V ALSEJE.
Valsa, Fries.
V. leucostoma, Pers
On branches of Prunus.
V. stellulata, Frie
On E of Ulmus cam-
v. Heth Saccardo.
On bark of Ailanthus glandu-
losus.
V. ceratophora, Tul.
On branches of Ulmus montana.
V. dissepta, Fries.
On branches of Ulmus cam-
pestris.
V. Betulae, Tul.
On bark of Betula alba.
V. Hippocastani, Che.
n branches of
Hippocastanum.
V, taleola, Fries.
On-bark of Quercus.
V. oncostoma, Duby.
On twigs of Robinia Pseudo-
cacia.
Aesculus
| Valsa—cont.
V. robergeana, Des
On dead fallen Nee ul
V. syngenesia, Fries.
On branches of Sambucus
nigra.
V. platanoides, Pers.
On tener of Acer Pseudo-
plata
V. nivea, pe
On dead bros of Crataegus.
ne
Melanconis, Tul.
M. stilbostoma, Fries.
On bark of Betula alba.
Pseudovalsa, De Not.
P. umbonata, Tul.
On dead wood.
P. hapalocystis, Berk. & Broome.
On dead twigs of Platanus
acerifolia.
Fenestella, Tul.
F. Salicis, Rehm.
On branches of Salix.
EUTYPÆ.
Eutypa, Tul.
E. Acharii, Tul.
On dead wood.
E. aspera, Nitschke.
n woo
E. lata, Pers.
On trunks.
E. flavo-virens, Twi.
On hard wo
Diaporthe, Nitschke,
D. pulla, Nitschke.
On wood
D. incarcerata, Berk. & Broome.
On branches of Rosa canina.
D. resecans, Nitschke.
nches of Syringa
On
vulgaris
Diap orthe—cont.
- D. rostellata, Fries.
On stems of Rubus fruticosus .
D. Phillyreae, Che.
On branches of Phillyrea.
D. circumscripta, Otth.
On dry branches,
D. Ryckholtii, M
On trunk are ches of
Symph eiui TACEMOSUS,
D. Epilobii, Cke.
On stem of Epilobium mon-
tanum.
D. Lirella, M. & N.
On stem of Spiraea Ulmaria.
Nitschkia, Otth.
N. cupularis, Pers.
On dry branches of Tilia
vulgaris and Robinia
Pseudacacia.
142
CUCURBITARIE X.
Cucurbitaria, Gray.
C. Berberidis, Pers.
On branches of Berberis vul-
garis.
C. Aspegrenii, Ces.
On rotten wood.
| Cucurbitaria—cont.
Laburnu
of m
vulgare and L. alpinum.
BYSSOSPHAERIEÆ.
Byssosphaeria, Cke.
B. innumera, Berk. § Broome.
On dead wood.
B. Aquila, Fries.
On dead wood.
Lasiosphaeria, Saccardo.
L. sulphurella, Saccardo.
On fallen branches.
L. ovina, Pers.
On dead wood.
Venturia, Not
V. Alchemillae, Grev
Parasitic on liv visg leaves of
Alchemilla vulgaris
Chaetomium, Kunze
C. elatum, Kunze.
On damp straw.
| Psilosphaeria, Saccardo.
P. pulviscula, Currey.
On dead wood.
P. spermoides, Fries.
On dead wood.
P. pustula, Currey.
On dead wood.
Melanomma, Saccardo.
M. Pulvis-pyrius, osu
On rotien wood,
The
grains of
powder, hence the specific
name.
SORDARIEJE.
Sordaria, Saccardo.
S. fimicola, Roberge.
On dung.
CRYPTOSPHAERIE®.
Cryptosphaeria, Grev.
C. millepunctata, Grev.
On dead branches.
Physalospora, Saccardo.
P. rosicola, Fekl.
On branches of
Tet 4 3
Endophlaea, Fries.
E. salicella, Fries.
On branches of Salix ier a
alba, and S. capra
E. DETRE TT Oudem.
On branches of Cornus alba.
| Leptosphaeria, Saccardo.
| L. vagabunda, Saccardo.
| On branches of ric
| calycinum & Kerria Dea
Metasphaeria, Saccardo.
M. complanata, Tode.
On dead herbaceous stems.
pro Saceardo.
rube
uoo various n of dead her-
the matri
Raphidospora—cont.
R. acuminata, Sow.
On dead herbaceous stems,
Heptameria, Saccardo.
H. arundinacea, Sow
On culms of ‘A cade Donax.
H. Doliolum, Pers.
On dead herbaceous stems.
H. acuta, Mont.
On dead herbaceous stems of
various plants.
H. Typharum, Desn.
On leaves of Typha angus-
tifolia
H. Rusci, Wallr ^
On sobre and phyllodes of
Ruscu
Pleospora, Saccardo. '
P. Bardanae, Vs/.
On dead stems of Arctium.
P. Meliloti, Rad.
On zu bes of Melilotus
^ offic cina
"s Erir Che. & Ellis.
On dead herbaceous stems.
143
Pleospora—-ont.
P. Herbarum, P
On decaying iion of =a her-
aceous Dicotyledon
Laestadia, Saccardo.
L. veneta, Sacc. & Speg.
On fallen leaves of Platanus
acerifolia.
L. Rhodorae, Cke
On dead herbaceous stems.
L. Iridis, Cke.
T E leaves of Tris Pseuda-
Sphaerella, Pers.
S. hedericola, Desm.
On dead ivy leaves.
S. maculaeformis, Pers.
On fallen leaves of Castanea
sativa.
S. Brassicicola, Ces.
On dead leaves and fruit of
Brassica oleracea.
S. isariophora, Desm.
On leaves of Stellaria nemorum
& Stellaria media.
Discomycetes.
HELVELLES.
Morchella, Dill.
M. crassipes, Pers
Among grass under trees. A
n
M, esculenta, Pers.
Among grass in spring. Edible.
A.
M. conica, Per
Among grass in Spring. Edible.
A.
M. smithiana, Che.
Among grass. ry large
showy fungus spp in
the spring. Edible. A.
Mitrophora, Lév.
M. Gigas, Lév.
Among grass in the spring.
AQ.
M. semilibera, Zev.
On naked soil under & hedge.
In the spring.
Helvella, Fries,
H. crispa, Fries.
Among grass under trees in
spring, i
H. lacunosa, 4/2.
eed orat appearing in
spring. A.
H. Petite Bull.
Among grass in spring. A. Q.
144
Mitrula, Fries.
M. phalloides, Chev.
Vibrissea, Fries.
V. Guernisaci, Crovan.
T mag e eat floating: dead On decayed esi twigs float-
eaves in the i ing in the la
M. cucullata, Fries.
On decaying pine leaves, A. Geoglossum, Pers.
M. olivacea, Saccardo. . G. glutinosum, Pers.
Among short grass. A. Among grass. A.
Leotia, Mill. G. glabrum, Pers.
L. lubrica, Pers. Among grass. A.
Under trees. a G. hirsutum, Pers.
L. acicularis, P Among grass. A., P.
On decaying se A.
PEZIZEX.
Acetabula, Feckt.
A. vulgaris, Fc.
On the ground. A MM beautiful
fungus of a brownish colour,
resembling a c font in
miniature. A.
Otidea, Pers.
0. onotica, Fi.
n the ground under trees. A.
0. aurantia, Mass.
On the ground. A large, showy
haped
fungus, cup - and
usually much wav wid
cris of a clear, deep
orange colour. A.,Q
Peziza, Dill.
P. saniosa, Schrad.
n the antity
of violet ligid escapes when
the plant is wounded. A.
P. vesiculosa, Buli.
On manure heaps, rich soil, &c.
Common.
P. ampliata, Pers.
On dead bark. Q.
P. ochracea, Boud.
On the ground under beeches, A.
P. badia, Pers.
On the gis A.
P. bufonia, Per
On a rubbish pas Q.
Geopyxis, Pers.
G. carbonaria, Saccardo.
On burnt ground. A.
G. coccinea, Mass.
On fallen branches. This fungus
poses ears acti the
winter iens early spring. Q.
G. cupularis, Saccardo.
Damp ground. Q.
Humaria, Fries.
H. Chateri, W. G. Smith.
On naked ground by the sides
of paths, &c. On one occasion
this species was so abundant
on a path in the Arboretum,
that it showed as a red streak
at a considerable distance
away.
H. rutilans, Saccardo.
On the ground. .. A., P.
H. pilifera, Saccardo.
On soil in a plant-pot.
H. carbonigena, Saccardo.
On burnt ground. A.
omphalodes, Mass.
On burnt ground, A.
H. melaloma, Mass.
On burnt ground. P.
145
Humaria—cont.
H, macrocystis. Saccardo.
On burnt ground. P.
H. granulata, Saccardo.
On dung. m mmon
Barlaea, Sacca
B. EA do.
On the ground. A.
B. Crouani, Mass.
On the ground among moss. A,
Curreyella, Mass,
C. trachycarpa, Mass.
On burnt ground. A.
ss.
On the ground under pines. A.
Neottiella, Che.
N. Polytrichi, Mass.
On the ground among moss. A.
N. corallina, Mass.
On the ground among moss, A.,
Dasyscypha, Fries.
D. virginea, Fckl
On rotten twigs and herbaceous
stems in damp places. m-
mon,
D. nivea, Mass.
On damp fallen twigs.
D. bicolor, Feckt.
On dead oak twigs. A.
D. aspidiicola, Saccardo.
On dead fronda of Nephrodium
Filix-mas. A., Q.
Aa.
D. hyalina, ins $.
Inside fallen bark, on chips, &c.
Common.
D. leucophaea, Mass.
On stems of dead herbaceous
plants.
D. melaxantha, M:
On fallen sii “of beech, Q.
D. corticalis, Mass.
On dead bark. Q.
D. dematiicola, Mass.
On dead rose stems, A.
Lachnea, Fries.
L. stercorea, Gillet.
On dung. Common.
L. crucipila, Phil.
On damp ground. P.
L. scutellata, Gillet.
On stumps, also on
ground. A.,
L. hemispherica, Gillet.
On the ground under trees. A.
L. erinacea, Saccardo.
On rotten wood. A.
naked
Tapesia, Pers.
T. fusca, Fechl.
On dead bark. Q.
T. aurata, Mass.
On dead wood. A.
T. sanguinea, Feki.
On pine wood. A.
Chlorosplenium, Fries.
C. aeruginosum, De Not.
On branches of ash and oak.
the manufacture of fancy
articles kno as **Tun-
bridge ware." j
C. discoideum, Mass.
On an old trunk of piae
Pseudacacia. The wood on
which the fungus grows is
stained green, |
Parasitie on the rhizome of
Anemone nemorosa. A de-
struetive parasite when it
finds its way into a bed o:
Anemones.
S. Galanthi, Rehm.
See p.172. B.
S. Sclerotiorum, Mass.
On cabbage stalks. P.
Ciboria, Fekl.
C. pseudo-tuberosa, Saccardo.
On fallen, deeaying acorns. A.
Cyathicula, De Not.
C. coronata, De Not.
On various kinds of dead or
decaying herbaceous stems.
Q.
Helotium, Fries:
H. claro-flavum, Berk.
On N dociying branches.
H. Laburni, Berk. & Broome.
On branches of Laburnum
vulgare.
H. lenticulare, Fries.
On beech trunks. A.
H. citrinum, Fries.
On stumps. A., B.
H. Virgultorum, Karsten.
On dead branches.
H. cyathoideum, Karsten.
On dead ene stems. B.
H. Herbarum
On dead m damp herbaceous
stems.
H. renisporum, ym.
On petioles and veins of fallen
onk leaves. A
146
Helotium—cont.
H. conigenum, Fries.
On scales of fallen cones. A.
Belonidium, Mont. § Dur.
B. pruinosum, Mas.
On dead wood - bark; also
on Diatrype Stigma. Q.
Mollisia, Fries.
M. atrata, Karsten,
On dead stems of various her-
baceous plants. Common
M. fusca, Mass.
On dead wood. A.
M. cinerea, Karsten.
On dead wood. Common.
M. melaleuca, Saccardo.
On chips. A.
Pseudopeziza, Fckl.
P. petiolaris, Mass.
n dead pontos of Acer
Pseudoplatanus. P.
P. Ranunculi, Saccardo.
On dying leaves of Ranunculus
acris.
ASCOBOLEJ .
Ascobolus, Pers.
A. asininus, Mass.
On asses’ dung, P.
A. marginatus, Mass.
On asses’ dung. P.
A. furfuraceus, Pers.
On horse dung. A., P.
A. immersus, Pers.
On goose dung. A.
S. violascens
On rabbit dung. Q.
Ascophanus, Boud.
A, microsporus, Phil.
On rabbit dung. Q.
A. carneus. Boud.
On an old shoe. A.
A. equinus, Mass
On hórso dung: A., Q.
Ryparobius, Boud.
R. sexdecimsporus, Saccardo.
On horse dung, A.
R. argenteus, Berk, 4 Broome.
On rabbit dung. Q.
BULGARIEÆ.
Bulgaria, Fries.
tts.
Said to be a
true parasite.
Ombrophila, Fries.
0. brunnea, Phil.
On dead herbaceous stem.
Orbilia, Fries.
0. inflatula, Karsten.
147
Coryne, Tulasne.
C. urnalis, Saccardo.
As Be
Conidial and
Q.
On rotten, damp wood. A. On decayed stump.
Calloria, Jes. C. sarcoides, Tul.
C. fusarioides, Fries. On rotten wood.
On dead nettle stems. Com- ascigerous stages common.
DERMATEX.
Cenangium, Fries. Scleroderris, Fries.
C. furfuraceum, De Not. S. Rubi, Mass.
On alder branches. Q. On dead bramble stems.
PATELLARIEJE.
Patinella, Saccardo.
P. macrospora, Mass.
On rotten wood.
Patellaria, Wahl.
P. clavispora, Berk. & Broome.
On ash branches.
Patellaria—cont.
P. atrata, Fries.
On rotten floorcloth. A.
Heterosphaeria, Grev.
H. Patella, Grev.
i On dead herbaceous stems.
Q.
On scales of cones of Pinus
A.
STICTEÆ.
Stictis, Pers. Propolis, Fries.
S. radiata, P. P. rhodoleuca, 7
On ume “ecorticte wood.
Com sylvestris.
PHACIDIES.
Co ccophacidium, Rehm.
C. Pini, Rehm.
On bark of Pinus sylvestris.
A.
Schizothyrium, Desm.
S. aquilinum, Rehm.
On dead fronds of Pteris
aquilina.
Phacidium, Fries,
P. multivalve, Kze. & Schm.
Phacidium—co»t.
P. terrestre, Phil
Trochila, Fries.
T. Craterium, Fries.
On dead ivy leaves.
Colpoma, Wallr.
C. quercinum, Wallr
On oak branches.
Xylographa, Fries.
X. parallela, Fries.
On dead holly leaves. A.
* HxsTERI
Hysterium, Tode.
* H. pulicare, Pers.
On fallen oak bark. A.
u 98272.
On old wood.
ACEÆ,
On rotten leaves on the ground.
A.
B.
A.
Hysterographium, Corda.
H. Fraxini, De Not.
On fallen ash branches.
A.
Cc
148
Glonium, Mühl.
G. amplum, Duby.
On dead bramble stems. Q.
Hypoderma, DC.
H. Virgultorum, DC.
On dead bramble stems. Q.
H. conigenum, Che.
On m coms of Pinus syl-
vestris. <A,
Lophodermium, Chev...
L. hysterioides, Saccardo.
On dead hawthorn leaves, A.
Dichaena, Fries.
D. quercina, Fries.
On living oak branches.. A.
Phycomycetes.
PirosorEx.
Pilobolus, 7ode. Pilobolus—-cont.
P. crystallinus, Tode P, roridus, Pers. :
On dung. On dung.
P. Kleinii, Van Tiegh. P. v Mont.
g On d
: MUCORINI.
Pilaira, Van Tieghem,
P. anomala, ScArót.
On dung.
Mucor, Micheli.
M. Mucedo, L
On various decaying organic
substances.
M. lateritius, Che. § Mass.
On rotting potatoes.
M. amethystinus, Berk.
On decaying bulbs.
M. pruinosus, Berk. & Broome.
On soil in a plant pot.
M. hyalinus, Che.
On leaves of Buwxus semper-
Phycomyces, Kunze.
P, nitens, Kunze.
On fat, also on decaying seeds
of Magnolia.
Spinellus, Van Tiegh.
S. fusiger, Van Tiegh,
On decaying Agarics.
Sporodinia, Link.
S. Aspergillus, Schrét.
On decaying fungi.
Helicostylum, Corda.
H, nigricans, Van Tiegh.
Once occurred abundantly on
dead woodliee (Oniscus) col-
lected in a heap under bark.
Thamnidium, Zink.
T. elegans, Link.
On decaying vegetable matter.
Rhizopus, Er.
R. nigricans, Ehr.
On decaying fruit.
R. necans, Mass.
Parasitic on bulbs of Lilium
auratum,. received 0
Japan... In. 1896- and. 1897
history see the Kew Bulletin,
1897, p. 87. S
149
SYNCEPHALIDE.
Syncephalis, Van Tiegh.
S. fasciculata, Van Tiegh.
On wet and decaying vegetable -
matter.
PERONOSPORES.
Cystopus, Lev.
C. candidus, Lév.
On Capsella Bursa-pastoris,
Cheiranthus Cheiri,
simum perofskianum, and
Pringlea antiscorbutica. It
has d sapossible
to keep the last named plant
in cultivation, "rt m the
attacks of this parasi
C. Tragopogonis, Schröt.
Parasitic on dnd pra-
tensis and Ipom
Phytophthora, De Bary.
P. infestans, De Bary.
Parasitic on leaves and tubers
of the potato (Solanum
berosum). This fungus is
the cause of the destructive
ourge p called
Plasmopara, Schröt.
P. pygmaea, Schröt.
Parasitic on leaves of various
Ranunculaceous plants Are-
mone, Aconitum, Isopyrum.
P. nivea, ScArót.
Parasitic on leaves of item
of Aegopodium and Coni
M on leaves of Centaurea
an essen This fungus
is often very destructive to
Pen bun appearing on
e leaves as a very delicate
white film
|
Peronospora, Corda.
P. Myosotidis, De Bary.
On living leaves of Myosotis
cette and Symphytum
tuberc
P. Viciae, T e
On living leaves of various Le-
-guminous plan
P. Ficariae, Tul,
On living leaves of Ranunculus
P. arborescens, De Bary.
On living leaves of Papaver
Argemone, P. somniferum,
also on various garden forms
of poppy.
P. Violae, De Bary.
On living leaves of Viola
canina and V. sylvestris, |
P. Trifoliorum, De Bary.
On living leaves of Trifolium
minor, T. oil ott and on
Lotus corniculatus
P. grisea, De Bary.
On living leaves of Veronica
Chamaedrys.
P. Lamii, De Bary. :
On Pike leaves of Lamium
rubrum
P. effusa, Rabenk.
On Chenopodium album.
P. sordida, Berk.
On living leaves of Verbascum
Thapsus.
P. sparsa, Berk.
Onliving leaves of cultivated
roses.
C2
150
SAPROLEGNIEJE,
Leptomitus, Agardh. | Pythium—cont.
L. lacteus, Agardh. | P. Cystosiphon, Lindst.
Attached to aquatic epit | In ABS fronds of Wolffia
Saprolegnia, Nees. | Michelii
S. ferox, Nees. — J| Dityuchus, Leitg.
On dead flies in water. Ronge 1
S. elongata, Mass. | Mionorporus, Leng.
On decaying trunk of tree-fern | On decaying hyacinth, bulba.
in water. (Mass Brit. Fungi, |
217, figs. 47—49.) | Diplanes, Leitg.
Pythium, Pringsheim. Er D saprolegnioides, Leitg.
P. de-baryanum, Hesse. | On insects in water.
Parasitic and saprophytic n |
various plants. A Rickcrsive | Achlya, Nees.
parasite to seedling pu
causing what is rmed A. polyandra, Hildebr.
“ damping off.” On insects in water.
ENTOMOPHTHORES.
Empusa, Cohn. Entomophthora, Fresenius.
E. Muscae, Cohn. | E, Aphicis, Hoffm.
On dead house flies, On aphides.
CHYTRIDE®.
Synchitrium, De Bary 3 Woronin. , Rhizidium, A. Braun.
S. Mercurialis, Feckt. | Westii, Mass.
On living leaves of Mercurialis Parasitic on Spirogyra nitida.
perennis.
Olpidium, Schrót,
|
|
|
On living leaves of Anemone | On the e iidortit cells of Lemna
minor.
S. Anemones, Woronin. 0. Lemnae, Schró
nemorosa.
PROTOMYCETE X.
[p purpureo-tingens, Mass.
| On leaves of seedling sun-
flowers. (Mass. Brit. Fungi,
| 164, figs. 12, 73.)
Protomyces, Unger.
P. Menianthis, De Bar.
On living leaves of Pontentilla
Comarum.
HYPODERMII.
UREDINEX.
, Uromyces--cont.
U. Orobi, Wint.
On Lathyrus macrorhizus.
Uromyces, Link.
U. Fabae, Che.
On Vicia Faba.
Uromyces—cont.
U. Polygoni, Wint.
On Polygonum aviculare.
Trifolii, JVint
On Trifolium repens.
U.
, Wint.
On Geranium pratense.
U. Valerianae, Wint.
On Valeriana officinalis.
U, Colchici, Mass.
O
in the grounds,
attacking ey plant of the
species named ; and although
C. autumnale grew on one
side of the bed of dise
plants, and C. byzantinum
on the other, neither of the
last named was attacked.
(Grev. xxi, 6, pl. 182, figs.
16-18.)
U. Poae, Rabh.
Abcidionpores on Ranunculus
Ficaria; teleut ospores on
Poa annua
U. Pisi, Wint.
Teleutospores and uredospores
on Pisum sativum ; aecidios-
pores not seen, although
species of Euphorbia are
not wanting.
U. Alliorum, Che.
Teleutospores on Allium.
U. Ficariae, Pint.
On Ranunculus Ficaria.
U. Scillarum, Wint
On Scilla bifolia.
. Erythronii, DC.
On Lilium candidum.
Puccinia, Persoon.
P. Galii, Wint.
On Galium verum.
P. Calthae, Link.
On Caltha palustris.
P. Gentianae, Wint.
On Gentiana acaulis.
P. Silenes, Schröt.
On Silene inflata.
151
ı Puccinia—cont.
P. Lapsanae, Schulz.
On Lapsana communis.
P. variabilis, Gre
On Tarde. E EAE Aa
P. Violae, Wint.
On Viola canina.
P. albescens, Grev.
On Adoxa moschatellina.
P. Menthae, Pers.
On Origanum vulgare.
P. Vincae, Berk.
On Vinca major.
P. Graminis, Pers.
Teleutospores on Alopecurus
pratensis and Avena rid
notwithstanding the
quantity of Berberis and
Mahonia present in the
grounds, the most careful
ling every year to the wheat
crop in Europe alone
P. coronata, Corda.
Teleutospores on Holcus mollis.
Aecidiospore stage not ob-
served.
P. sylvatica, ScArót.
eleutospores on Carex remota.
Aecidiospore not seen.
P. suaveolens, Wint.
On Carduus arvensis.
P. bullata, Schröt.
On Silaus pratensis.
P. argentata, Wint.
On Impatiens fulva.
P. Hydrocotyles, Plow.
On Hydrocotyle rat
P. Campanulae, Ca
On sca de.
P. Aegopodii, Wint.
On ps a Podagraria.
152
Puccinia— cont.
P, Thalictri, Cheval.
. On Thalictrum flavum.
P. Veronicae, Schrot.
On Veronica montana.
P. Malvacearum, Mont
On Malva moschata and
Althaea
P. Circex, Pers.
On Circaea lutetiana.
P. Buxi, DC.
On Buxus sempervirens.
Triphragmium, Link.
T. Ulmariae, Wint.
On Spiraea Ulmaria.
Phragmidium, Link.
P. Tormentille, Fekl.
On Potentilla Fragariastrum.
P. violaceum, Schultz.
On Rubus fruticosus.
P. Rubi, Schrit.
On Rubus fruticosus.
P. subcorticatum, Schrot.
On Rosa iuum also on eulti-
vated r
Endophyllum, Lév.
E. Sempervivi, Lév.
On Sempervivum tectorum.
Gymnosporangium, Castagne.
G. Sabine, Wint.
Teleutospores on Juniperus
Sabina.
Melampsora, Castagne.
M. Lini, Wint.
On Linum catharticum.
M. farinosa, Schröt.
On Salix DEP
M. populina,
On a sa aa A
M. betulina, Desm.
On Betula alba.
Coleosporium, Lév.
C. Senecionis, Wint
git Sn on Sedi vul-
gam
C. Saint Schrit,
On Sonchus oleraceus.
C. Campanula, Wint
On Campanula Trachelium.
C. Euphrasiae, Wint.
On Euphrasia officinalis,
Chrysomyxa, Unger.
C. nimia me as
On Pyr
Cronartium, Fick
C. flaccidum, 4/b, & Schw.
On Paronin
USTILAGINEÆ.
Ustilago, Pers.
U. longissima, Wint.
On Glyceria aquatica.
U. hypodytes, /7ies.
On Triticum repens.
, Caricis, Wint.
On Carex panicea..
U. olivacea, Tul,
On Carex riparia.
U. Scabiosæ, Wint.
D a —— of Scabiosa
ensis.
"y, "uds
Sphacelotheca, De Bary.
S. Hydropiperis, De Bary.
In the ovary of Polygonum
Hydropiper.
Urocystis, Rab.
U. Colchici, Twi.
On Colchicum autumnale.
U. Gladioli, W. G, Smith,
On Gladiolus.
U. Anemones, Schröt.
On Ranunculus repens.
U. Violæ, Berk. § Broome.
, Tul.
In the anthers of Chionodoxa
Lucilia
On odorata and V.
can
Entyloma, De Bary.
E. Ranunculi, Wint
On Zanunculus Ficaria.
Tuburcinia, Fries.
T. Scabies, Berk.
On potato tubers. Causing the
disease known as “ scab.”
Doassansia, Cornu.
D. Sagittariae, Schrot.
On Sagittaria sagittifolia.
153
Thecaphora, Zing.
On Calystegia sepium.
Graphiola, Poitier.
G. Phoenicis, Moug.
On leaves of Phoenia dacty-
lifera.
SPH A:ROPSIDE:.
SPHJERIOIDEJE.
The majority of species Ute
in the present family occur on leave
majority require the use of a pocket-
lens for their detection.
Phoma, Fries.
P. Coluteæ, Saccar
On. branches of Cd arbo-
rescens.
P. Coronille, West.
On Coronilla merus
[ties halimifolia.
P. Sopharæ, Saccardo.
On Sophora japonica.
P. Amorphæ, Saccardo.
On Amorpha fruticosa.
P. Herminieræ, Che
On Herminiera Elaphroxylon.
and
P. Ryckholtii, Saccardo.
On Symphoricarpus.
P. Xylostei, Che. & Mass.
On Lonicera.
P. viventis, Che.
On living twigs of Lonicera.
P. Beckhausii, Che
On Viburnum Lantana.
P. Weigelise, Speg.
On Diervilla rosea.
Phoma—cont. |
P. sambucella, Saccardo.
On Sambucus nigra.
P. Landegheimiz, Saccardo,
On Philadelphus.
P. Philadelphi, Che.
On Philadelphus.
P. foveolaris, Fries.
On Euonymus
P. Celastriniz, C
On ead americanus.
P. berberina, Saccardo.
On Berberis vulgaris.
P. Prunorum, Che
On Prunus Laurocerasus.
P. Pruni-lusitanice, Che.
On Prunus lusitanica.
P. libertiana, Sacc. § Roum.
On Larix europeus.
P. Sorbariæ, Che.
On Spirea japonica and
Neill i eti
P. Opulif
On edis ecd
P. Mali, Schulzer & Sace.
On apple twi
P. ambigua. Siri.
On pear twigs.
P. Amelanchieris, Che.
On Amelanchier.
Phoma—coné.
P. pusilla, Schulzer & Sacc.
On Rosa canina.
P. incarcerata, Saccardo.
On Hosa canina.
P. Viniferz, Che.
On Vitis vinifera.
P. diplodioides, Saccardo
On Aesculus Hippocastanum.
P. scobina, Che.
On Fraximus excelsior.
P. Forsythiz, Che.
On Forsythia.
P. aromatica, Che
On Calycanthus occidentalis,
P. domestica, Saccardo.
On Jasminum officinale.
P. Jasmini, Che.
On Jasminum officinale.
P. depressa, Lév.
On Syringa vulgaris.
P. Laurella, Saccardo.
On Laurus nobilis.
P. Rhododendri, Che.
On Rhododendron.
P. Corni, Feki.
On Cornus suecica.
P. Barbari, Cke.
On Lycium barbarum.
P. viridarii, Saccardo.
On Magnolia.
P. stictica, Berk. & Broome.
On Buxus sempervirens.
P. cistina, Che.
On Cistus laurifolius.
P. robergeana, Saccardo.
On Staphylea pinnata.
P. Staphyleæ, Che.
On Staphylea pinnata.
P. Ophites, Saccardo.
On Hibiscus syriacus.
P. Exui, Saccardo.
On Maclura aurantiaca.
P. Loti, Che.
On ie. yros Lotus.
154
Phoma— cont.
P. Tecomz, Saccardo.
On Tecoma radicans.
P. Radicantis, Che.
On Tecoma radicans.
P. platanoides, Che.
On Acer Pseudoplatanus.
P. Lebiseyi, Saccardo.
On Negundo aceroides.
P. velata, Saccardo.
On Tilia vulgaris, &c.
P. Paulownie, Thum.
On Paulownia imperialis.
P. tamaricella, Saccardo.
On Tamarix.
P. Tamarisci. Mont.
On Tamarix gallica.
P. eleagnella, Che.
On Eleagnus.
P. papalocystis, Saccardo.
On Platanus
P. moricola, Ile.
On Morus nigra.
P. crassipes, Che.
On Broussonetia papyrifera.
P. cinerascens, Saccardo.
On Ficus Carica.
P. juglandina, Saccardo.
On Juglans regia.
P. quercella, Sacc. & Roum.
On Quercus coccinea.
P. salicina, West.
On Salix viminalis.
P. ligustrina, Saccardo.
On Zigustrum.
P. oppilata, Fries.
On Betula alba.
P. Celtidis, Che.
On Celtis cccidentalis.
P. leucostigma, Z
On leaves "^ Hedera and
ucus,
P. pustulata, Saccardo.
On branches «d Acer palmatum.
P. collabens, C.
On living lee of Prunus
lusitan
155
Phoma—cont.
P. Rhodorz, Che.
On Rhododendron leaves.
P. dispersus, Che.
On leaves of Platanus.
P. Aucube, West.
On leaves of Aucuba japonica.
P. Mahonie, Thum
On leaves of Berberis Aqui-
folium.
P. vulgaris, Saccardo.
On leaves of Clematis Vitalba,
P. Lingam, 7
On stem of Brassica oleracea,
P. Alcearum, Che.
On leaves of Althea rosea.
P. Malvacearum, /Vest.
On Malva moschata.
P. Arctii, Lasch.
On Arctium lappa.
P. Dipsaci, Che.
On Dipsacus sylvestris.
P. Achillez, Saccardo.
On Achillea Millefolium.
P. Dahliz, Berk
On Dahlia.
P. rubella, Che.
On stems of various Umbel-
liferous plants.
P. Dulcamare, Saccardo.
On Solanum Dulcamara.
P. Tatule, Che.
On Datura Stramonium.
P. Polemonii, Che.
On Polemonium coeruleum.
P. Labiatarum, Che.
On Marrubium.
P. Spire, Desm.
On Spirea Ulmaria,
P. Herbarum, /Vest.
On Digitalis, Malva, Aristo-
e ute and Menis-
perm
p. ion, Che.
On Polygonum cuspidatum.
Phoma—cont.
F. Che.
On Epilobium teh tea
and Oenothera bie
P. ogee Sacca
n Erysimum "Alliaria and
Sisymbrium austriacum.
p. n Saccardo.
On TEE Y canadense.
P. Calys : ,
On Calystegia sepium.
P. durandiana, Sacc. & Roum.
On Rumex.
P. Lysimachiz, Che.
On Lysimachia vulgaris.
P. glandicola, Desm.
On fallen acorns,
P. Morphze, Saccardo.
On stems and capsules
Papaver somniferum.
P. Chamaeropsis, Ce.
On palm petioles.
P. Acori, Che.
On Acerus Calamus.
P. Rusci, Saccardo.
On stems and phyllodes ot
Ruscus. -
©
my
P. nebulosa, Fries,
On stem of Gentiana thibelica.
P. Typharum, Feckt.
On Typha angustifolia.
P. pulla, Saccardo.
On Zedera Helia.
P. notha, Berk.
On Platanus.
P. planiuscula, Saccardo.
On Robinia Pseudacacia and
Ulmus PES
P. Solidaginis, C.
On D me
P. Samarorum, Desm.
On fruit of Fraxinus excelsior.
Coniothyrium, Corda.
C. cassiæcolum, Ce.
On stems of Cassia mary-
landica.
Coniothyrium—cont.
C. concentricum, Desm
An injurious parasite, form-
ing large dead blotches on the
Rhabdospora, JM.
R. PPAS, Saccardo.
On branches of Vitis vinifera.
Diplodia, Desm.
D. atrata, Desm.
On Negundo aceroides.
D. Genistarum, Che.
On Genista aetnensis,
D. Amorphe, Wallr.
On Amorpha fruticosa.
D. cistina, Cke.
On Cistus laurifolius.
D. Roumegueri, Saccardo,
On Prunus Laurocerasus.
D. sambucina, Saccardo.
On Sambucus nigra.
D. Lantanæ, Fekl.
On Viburnum Lantana.
D. Paulowniæ,
On Paulownia imperialis.
D. Li i, West.
On Ligustrum vulgare.
D. laurina, Saccardo.
On Laurus nobilis.
D. Elæagni, Pass
On Eleagnus angustifolius.
D. Celtidis, Roum.
On Celtis occidentalis.
D. Mori, West
On Morus alba.
D. microsporella, Saccardo.
On Ligustrum ovalifolium.
D. inconspicua, Che.
Mia rmm of Buxus semper-
D. Magnstion 173
n twigs n eai of Mag-
nolia grandiflora.
D. Sarmen Fries.
On Menispermum canadense.
156
Diplodina, Saccardo.
D. Salicis, West.
On Salix babylonica.
D. deformis, Karsten.
On Sambucus nigra.
Hendersonia, Berk.
H. vagans, Fckl.
On Fraxinus.
H. Loniceræ, Fries.
On mesi
H. Tiliæ
On Toi EE o
H. ambiens, Che.
On Acer dasycarpum.
Camarasporium, Schultz.
C. Berberidis, C£
On twigs at Berberis vulgaris.
C. Limoniz, Che.
On Citrus trifoliata.
C. cistinum, Ce.
On Cistus laurifolius.
C. Quercus, Saccardo.
n Quercus coccinea.
C. Mori, Saccardo,
On Morus alba.
Cytispora, Fries.
C. microspora, Corda.
On Amelanchier.
C. atra, Bon.
On Morus alba.
C. carbonacea, Fries.
On Celtis occidentalis.
C. Schweinitzii, Saccardo.
On Salix fragilis.
C. Salicis, Rabh.
On Salix vitellina.
C. intermedia, Saccardo.
C. flavovirens, Saccardo.
On Acer.
C. ambiens, Saccardo.
On Fraxinus and Betula. .
C. Euonymi, Che.
On Euonymus americanus.
Cytispora—cont.
C. Staphylex, Che.
On EN i pinnata and S.
trifolia
C. Jasmini, "E
On Jasminum officinale.
C. Palmarum, Che.
On petioles of palm leaves.
Phyllosticta, Pers.
P. Pavie, Desin.
On <lesculue parviflora.
P. 8. Desm
On Cotoneaster Hid:
P. Euonymi, Saccardo.
On Euonymus europeus.
P. tinea, Saccardo.
On Viburnum Tinus.
P. Syringæ, West.
On Syringa. vulgaris.
P. Phillyreæ, Saccardo.
On Phillyrea.
P. Rhododendri, West.
On Rhododendron. -
P. Arbuti, Desm.
On Arbutus Unedo.
P. Garryx, Che. $ Hark.
On Garrya elliptica.
P. ilicicola, Fries.
On holly leaves.
P, Mauotie, var. Cookei, Sac-
On Ma gnolia grandiflora.
P. Paulowniæ, Saccardo.
On Paulownia imperialis.
P. sidaecola, Cke.
On Napea dioica.
P. Brassica, Currey.
On Brassica.
P. Epimedii, Saccardo.
On Epimedium alpinum.
.P. Impatientis, Kirch.
On — parviflora.
Phyllosticta—cont.
P. destructiva, D
On Malva tiei
P. Dulcamaræ, Saccardo.
On Solanum Dulcamara.
P. Plantaginis, Saccardo.
On Plantago major.
P. Aizoon, Che.
On Sedum Aizoon.
P. Podophylli, Curt.
On Podophyllum peltatum.
P. hydrophila, Speg.
On Nymphea alba.
P. ruscicola, Desm.
On Ruscus aculeatus.
Asteroma, DC.
A. Solidaginis,
On Solidagh Rem
A. delicatulum, Desm.
On Colutea arborescens.
Septoria, Fries.
S. cornicola, Desin.
On Cornus
S. Ligustri, Desm.
On Zigustrum.
S. Chelidonii, Desm.
On Chelidonium majus.
S. Lycopi, Pass.
On Lycopus europeus.
S. Doronici, Pas.
On presi Pardalianches.
S. Centaurez, Roum.
On Centaurea nigra.
S. Aristolochiz, Saccardo.
On Aristolochia Clematitis.
Leptostroma, Fries.
L. filicinum, Fries.
On Pteris aquilina.
Discula, Saccardo.
D. Desmazierii, Berk. $ Broome.
living. branches of Tilia
pegar and T.platyphyllos.
t destructive tree
eti present in the Gar-
dens, destroying the bark and
hence killing the branches of
158
Discula—cont.
the European Feels of Tilia.
Several i saar the neigh-
bourhood of Kew have been
dtp killed by this
parasite.
Gloeosporium, Mont.
G. Aquilegie, Thum.
On Aquilegia.
G. Berberidis, Che.
On Berberis asiatica.
G. nervisequum, Saccardo.
On living leaves of Platanus
orientalis and P. acerifolia.
A very destructive parasite,
causing the leaves to fall
prematurely.
Cryptosporium, Kunze.
C. Hippocastani, Che
On Aesculus Hippocastanum.
Libertella, Hm
L. Rosz, D
On bark of Beta alba.
Melanconium, Link.
M. sphæroideum, Zink.
On Alnus incana.
Melanconium —cont.
M. bicolor, ees.
On bark of Betula and Quercus.
Cheirospora, Fries.
C. hederico!a, Saccardo.
On Zedera Helix.
Coryneum, Nees.
C. cistinum, Che.
On itis laurifolius.
C. umbonatum, JVees
On Ulmus and ier cus.
C. notarisianum, Saccardo.
On Betula papyrifera.
Pestalozzia, De Not.
P. Guepini, Desm.
Parasitie on living leaves of
cultivated species of Ca-
mellia, causing unsightly
greyish-white “blotches to
Steganosporium, Corda.
S. cellulosum, Corda.
On bark of Tilia cordata.
HYPHOMYCETES.
MUCEDINE,
Oospora, Wallr,
0. fasciculata, Sace. § Vogl.
On Epilobum montanum.
0. inaequalis, Che. § Mass,
On bamboo culms.
Fusidium, Link.
F. griseum, Link.
On dead oak leaves.
Monilia, Pers.
M. fructigena, Pers.
A very destructive parasite to
apples, which under its in-
fluence become spotted and
unsaleable.
. M. pruinosa, Che. § Mass.
On fading leaves of Caladium.
Cylindrium, Bon.
C. Cordae, Saccardo.
On dead oak leaves.
C. flavo-virens, Bon
On dead leaves of oak and
beech.
ematurely, consequently
the fruit pos not ripen pro-
perly.
0. erumpens, Che. & Mass.
On living leaves of Rivea
hypocrateriformis.
159
Oidium— cont.
0. monilioides, Link.
On erin leaves of Holcus
lana
0. cael Des
On living leaves ve cultivated
roses.
Oidium—cont.
0. Chrysanthemi, Rab.
On living leaves of cultivated
varieties of Chrysanthemum.
0. pactolinum, Che.
On living leaves of Jasminum.
CEPHALOSPORIE E.
Botryosporium, Corda.
B. pulchrum, Corda.
Overrunning stored Dahlia
tubers.
(Edocephalum, Preuss.
0. Preusii, Saccardo.
On dead leaves of Heuchera.
0. sulphureum, Che. § Mass.
On decaying rope.
Rhopalomyces, Corda.
R. elegans, Corda.
On decaying vegetable matter.
Trichoderma, Pers.
T. viride, Pers.
On decaying wood, &c.
his is considered p» men the
conidial condition of Hypo-
ea rufa.
ASPERGILLEX,
Aspergillus, Micheli.
A. glaucus, Link,
On all kinds of damp or decay-
ing pem
A. candidus, Link.
On sae yis iut & c.
Penicillium, Link.
P. glaucum, Link.
On decaying plants.
P. candidum, Link.
On decaying plants.
Hyphoderma, Fries.
H. roseum ies.
On rotten wood.
Rhinotrichum, Corda.
R. repens, Preuss.
On rotten wood.
R. niveum, Che. & Mass.
On old wood.
R. Bloxami, Berk. & Broome.
On dead wood.
Sporotrichum, Link.
S. laxum, Nees.
On rotten wood.
Sporotrichum— conf.
S. sulphureum, Grev.
On dead bark.
S. chlorinum, Link.
On fallen oak leaves.
Monosporium, Bon
M. ve maa Che. & Mass.
On dung
Botrytis, Micheli.
B. corolligena, Che. & Mass
On fading corolla of Calceo-
laria. (See plate.
B. argillacea, Che =
On wood.
B. Croci, Che. & Mass.
On dead leaves of Crocus.
B. fascicularis, Corda
On dead pericarps of Aesculus
Hippocastanum.
B. cinerea, Pers.
On decaying vegetable matter.
B. vulgaris, Fries
and also on living
some are known to
160
Botrytis—cont
be the conidial forms of
species of Peziza, At a
certain kinds of
possible to grow these plants
in succession, if the disease
has once gained a footing.
B. cana, Kze. & Schm.
On decaying plants.
B. vera, Fries.
. On dead herbaceous plants.
Ovularia, Saccardo.
0. lychnicola, Mass.
On living leaves of Lychnis
dioica.
0. Berberidis, Che.
On living leaves
astatica,
0. Filipendule, Che.
On st? leaves of Spirea
Filipendula.
0. Syringz, Berk.
On living leaves
vulgaris.
of Berberis
of Syringa
Sepedonium, Link.
S. chrysospermum, —
On various deca gi.
Said to be the ete form of
Hypomyces chrysospermus,
Tul.
VERTICILLIEZE.
Verticillium, Nees.
V. Candelabrum, Bon.
On rotten wood.
V. compactiusculum, Saccardo.
On decaying plants,
V. ampelinum, Che. § Mass.
On living stem of Vitis.
V. lateritium, Berk.
On decaying herbaceous stems.
Acrostolagmus, Corda.
A. cinnabarinus, Corda.
On decaying plants.
Trichothecium, Link,
T. roseum, Link,
On dead bark, decaying fruit,
&c.
T, candidum, Wallr..
On dead bark.
Arthrobotrys, Corda.
| A. rosea, Mass.
On rotten wood.
Mycogone, Link.
M. rosea, Link.
On decaying agaries.
M. cervina, Ditm.
On decaying Peziza.
Ramularia, Feckt.
R. lactea, Fehl.
On living leaves of Viola
odorata.
R. Hellebori, Feckt.
On Helleborus fætidus.
R. variabilis, Fehl.
On living leaves of Verbascum
Helicomyces, Link.
H. tubulosus, Riess.
On rotten wood,
161
CONIO SPORE.
Coniosporium, Link. Coniosporium—cont.
C. Arundinis, Saccardo. C. olivaceum, Zink.
On Arundo Donax. On wood.
TORULE.
Torula, Pers. Torula—cont.
T. monilioides, Corda.
On rotten wood.
T. pulveracea, Corda.
On rotten wood.
T. Herbarum, Zink
On dead herbaceous stems.
T. gyrosa, Che. & Mass.
On rotten pine wood.
T. antennata, Pers.
On rotten wood.
T. ovalispora, Berk.
On rotten w
T. Graminis, Corda.
On dead grass leaves,
T. asperula, Saccardo.
On damp paper.
ECHINOBOTRYEJE.
Echinobotryum, Corda.
E. atru m, Corda.
On rotten wood,
PERICONIEAE,
Stachybotrys, Corda. Stachybotrys—cont
S. atra, Corda. S. rula, Mass
On damp paper. On damp packing paper.”
S. lobulata, Berk. S. Che.
On damp paper. On damp paper.
ARTHRINEX.
Arthrinum, Kunze.
A. caricicolum, Kunze.
On dead leaves of Carex.
'TRICHOSPORIE EX.
Trichosporium, Fries.
Zygodesmus, Corda.
T. umbrinum, Saccardo. Z. fuscus, Corda.
On rotten bark. On rotten wood.
fuscum, Saccardo.
On pine bark.
MONOTOSPOREJE.
Monotospora, Fries. ae
M. pumila, J£
M. sphaerocephala, Berk. $4
Broome.
On decaying vegetation.
M. repens, Mass. -
On dead plants.
Parasitic on an Gul m
fiexuosum.
M. asperospora, Che, & Mi
On esti onerat Clematis.
Hadrotrichum, shes
H. arundinace Che. & Mass.
On dead pp conspicua.
162
Acremoniella, Saccardo.
A. fusca, Saccardo.
On rotten wood.
HAPLOGRAPHE.
Haplographium, Saccardo.
H. Chartarum, Saccardo.
On wet paper,
Dematium, Pers.
D. hispidulum, Fries.
On dead
Dona.
leaves of Arundo
Dematium-— cont.
D. vinosum, Mass.
On damp, gummed paper.
MYXOTRICHEX.
Bolacotricha, Berk. & Broome.
B. grisea, Berk. & Broome.
On decaying sacking.
Myxotrichum, Kunze.
um, Kunze.
On damp paper.
BisPOREZE.
Bispora, Corda.
B. monilioides, Corda.
CLADOSPORIEJE.
Polythrincium, Kunze.
P. Trifolii, Kunze.
On living leaves of Trifolium
medium.
Cladosporium, Link.
C. epiphyllum, Mart.
On dead leaves of various trees.
C. spherospermum, Penzig.
On leaves of Citrus.
Cladosporium —cont.
C. Herbarum, Link.
On decaying herbaceous plants,
fungi, &c.
C. nodulosum, Corda.
On rotten wood.
C. fasciculare, Fries.
On stems of Lilium auratun.
C. Orchidearum, Che. § Mass.
On leaves of many species of
cultivated orchids.
CLASTEROSPORIE.
Clasterosporium, Schw. Clasterosporium—cont.
C. fasciculare, Saccardo. C. vivid Saccardo. s
n the hymenium of living
On demi wood. Corticium molle. z
HELMINTHOSPORIEÆ.
Helminthosporium, Link. Helminthosporium—cont.
H. velutinum, Link. H. macrocarpum, Grev.
On rotten wood. On dead wood.
H. exasperatum; Berk. & Broome. H. eri Corda.
On fading leaves of Dianthus On w
deltoides and other cary- H. eor Corda.
ophyllaceous plants. On wood.
163
Helminthosporium—cont,
H. Smithii, Berk. & Broome,
On dead holly.
H. densum, Sace. § Roum.
On dead branch of Morus alba.
Brachysporium, Saccardo.
B. stemphylioides, Corda.
On dead wood
B. apicale, Berk. § Broome,
On dead branches.
B. obovatum, Berk.
On rotten wood.
Cercospora, Fresenius.
C. Calthæ, Cke.
On ome leaves of Caltha
palustris
C. moricola, Che.
On leaves of Morus rubra.
C. concentrica, Che.
On leaves of ene aer ci
and Y. glorio
Heterosporium, Klotzsch.
H. echinulatum, Che.
On living leaves of species of
Convallari ,58
Smilax. When abundantly
developed, this species proves
an i njurious parasite,
destroying the foliage.
H. Laricis, Che. & Mass.
On larch leaves.
H. minutulum, Che. & Mass.
On ems leaves of Chamerops
humilis
H. Typharum, Che. § Mass.
On living leaves of bs
angustifolia
H. epimyces, Che. & Mass.
On old specimens of Pol
squamosus, Boletus felleus,
and Russula nigricans,
MACRONEMEX.
Stemphylium, Wallr.
S. asperosporum, Che. § Mass.
On damp paper.
Macrosporium, Fries.
M. commune, Za.
On decaying plants.
M. Sarcinula, Berk.
On decaying Peonia albiflora.
M. nobile, Vize
On decaying eaves of Dianthus.
Macrosporium—cont.
M. Alliorum, Che. & Mass.
On fading leaves of Allium.
M. Convallaria, 77es.
On fading leaves of Polygo-
natum multiflorum.
Fumago, Pers.
F. vagans, Pers.
Forming sooty Reset on leaves
of Ulmus campestris
HELICOSPOREJE.
Helicosporium, Vees.
H. viride, Saccardo.
On decaying birch wood.
STILBEZ. onu
Stilbum, Tode. Stilbum— cont. . i
S. tomentosum, Schr S. erythrocephalum, Ditm
Parasitic on Trichia varia. On rabbit dung. .
S. vulgare, Tode. ‘Ss. ue d snis pà Bone
On rotten wood.
u 98272.
D
164
Stilbum—-cont.
S. fimetarium, Berk. & Broome.
On rabbit dung.
S. turbinatum, Tode.
On rotten wood.
S. citrinellum, Che. § Mass.
On fading leaves of Lycopodium,
Isaria, Pers.
I, citrina, Pe
On Sibi Pals yporus.
On willow bark,
Sporocybe, Fries.
S. atra, Saccardo.
On dry leaves of Holcus mollis.
Graphium, Corda.
G. graminum, Che. & Mass.
On dead leaves of Gynerium
argenteum.
G. Passerinii, Saccardo.
On dead stems of Gynerium
argenteum.
G. subulatum, Saccardo,
On bark.
G. flexuosum, Saccardo.
bark.
Stysanus, Corda.
S. Stemonites, Corda.
On rotten wood.
Arthrobotryum, Cesati.
A. atrum, Berk. & Broome.
On fallen branches.
TUBERCULARIEÆ.
Tubercularia, Tode. Aegerita, Pers.
T: Tode A. candida, Pers.
On dead branches.
T. versicolor, Saccardo.
On dead branches of Buxus
sempervirens, which were
probably mes d the fungus.
T. subpedicella
On dead rel " Bering:
T. Ligustri, Che.
On dying pcm of Ligus-
trum ovalifolius
T. Euonymi, Roum.
On branches of Euonymus
europeus.
T. expallens, 7j
On dead branches of Aesculus
ippoc
T. Aesculi, Tem
On — Rat Aesculus Hip-
poc
T. ae. p.
On branches of Sambucus
nigra.
T. confluens, Per
On rami of Aranthopanin
spino
|
On damp elder bark.
Volutella, Tode.
V. ciliata, Vries.
On decaying Crocus corms.
V. Hyacinthorum, Berk.
On decaying hyacinth bulbs.
V. setosa, Berk.
On dead ese
candidus
of Lilium
Bactridium, Kunze.
B. flavum, Kunze.
On rotten wood.
Fusarium, Zink.
F. pyrochroum, Saccardo.
On dead branches.
F. viticola, Thum.
On branches of Vitis incon-
stans.
F. diffusum, Carm.
On dead thistle stems.
F. roseum, Link.
On decaying vegetable matter.
165
Fusarium—cont. | Epicoccum—cont.
F. heterosporum, Vee E. Herbarum, Cord.
On the idorogostitt of Holcus On dead leaves "of Typha
mollis, angustifolia.
F. bulbigenum, Che. & Mass. | E. purpurascens, Ehrh.
On bulbs of Narcissus. | On ori js stems of Gynerium
argent
Epicoccum, Link.
E. vulgare, Corda. Myrothecium, Tode.
M. roridum, Tode
On decaying herbaceous stems.
E Pod On decaying vigetibla matter.
in Sor. "ner saa and mag one cnn eh
On decaying Boletus luridus.
Scirpus Eriophorum.
E. neglectum, Desin. Exosporium, Link.
On leaves of Phragmites and E. Tilie, Lin
Scirpus Eriophorum. On bark of 7 Tilia vulgaris.
APPENDIX.
MYXOGASTRES.
A very beautiful group of organisms, remarkable alike for beauty of
form, brilliancy of coloration, Faz their remarkable life-history. Most of
the spec ies are minute, an e not uncommon on rotten wood, moss, &e.
There is a difference of. cpitáois as to the affinities of this group, which
by some authorities is considered as related to Fungi, whereas others place
it in the Animal Kingdom. Coloured figures, along with descriptions of all
the British species, are contained in * | Monograph of the Myxogastres.”
Twenty-five genera and fifty species have been collected in the grounds,
just um half the number known to occur in Britain
TUBULINES.
Tubulina, Pers. | Enteridium, Xost.
T, cylindrica, Rost. E. olivaceum, Zost.
On dead wood. On stumps.
T. effusa, Mass.
On rotten wood. |
CRIBRARLE.
Cribraria, Pers. | Dictydium, Schrad.
C. intricata, Schrad. D. cernuum, Nees.
On rotten wood. On rotten wood.
Stemonitis, Gled.
S. fusca, Rost.
On rotten wood.
S. typhina, Mass.
~ On rotten wood.
S. friesiana, De Ba
On dead leaves,
Lamproderma, Aost.
L. violaceum, Rost.
On living Hypnum.
L. irideum, Mass.
On dead leaves.
Perichæna, Fries.
P. corticalis, Rost.
Lycogala, Micheli.
L, epidendrum, fost.
On fallen trunks:
Prototrichia, Rost.
P. cuprea, Mass.
Oligonema, ost.
0. nitens, Post.
On dead bark.
Trichia, Haller.
T. fragilis, Host.
On dead wood.
T. varia, Rost.
On dead moss.
Chondrioderma, Post.
C. floriforme, Rost.
On mosses.
C. difforme, £
ost.
On dead hawthorn leaves,
166
STEMONITEX.
Brefeldia, Zost.
B. maxima, Rost.
On fallen trunks.
Reticularia, Bull.
R. Lycoperdon, Rost.
On wood and bark.
LAMPRODERMEÆ.
Lamproderma—cont.
L. arcyrioides, Rost.
On rotten wood,
ARCYRIEZ.
Arcyria, Mill.
_A. punicea, Rost.
On rotten wood.
A. incarnata, Rost.
On dead bark.
A. nutans, Rost.
On rotten wood.
A. cinerea, Mass.
On dead wood.
'TRICHEX.
Trichia—cont.
T. abrupta, Che.
On dead wood.
T. scabra, Post.
On dead wood.
T. fallax, Rost.
On rotten wood.
Drpyugs.
Didymium, Schrad.
On living moss.
On dead leaves.
D. farinaceum, Schrad.
D. squamulosum, Fries.
Didymium—cont. .
D. microcarpon, Rost.
On dead leaves,
D. Clavus, Rost.
On dead twigs.
D. Serpula, Fries.
On dead oak leaves.
167
Lepidoderma, De Bary.
L. tigrinum, Rost.
On rotten wood.
Spumaria, Pers.
S. alba, DC.
On living grass.
Diachza, Fries.
D. leucopoda, Post.
On dead leaves.
PnysanEsE.
Craterium, Trent.
C. confusum, Mass.
On dead grass.
C. aureum, Fost.
On dead bark.
Badhamia, Berk.
B. macrocarpa, Rost.
On dead bark.
B. panicea, Rost.
Physarum, Pers. On twigs.
P. leucopus, Fost.
On dead wood.
P. leucopheum, Fries.
On dead twigs and moss.
P. cinereum, Fost.
On dead iden
P. contextum, Xost
On bark and moss.
P. cerebrinum, Mass
B. varia, Mass.
On wood.
Tilmadoche, Rost
T. nutans, ost.
On rotten wood.
Leocarpus, Fost.
L. fragilis, Rost.
Fuligo, Rost.
n wood and soil in a pot con- F. varians, Ros
taining palm-seeds from Java.
Probably an introduced On heap of ded leaves.
species. (Monogr. Myz.,
p. 306, fig. 275.)
DLIV.
(Euonymus europeus, L.)
Inquiries are a sae directed to Kew as to the manufacture of
skewers from spindle-w The following interesting particulars
respecting this charming British shrub are therefore reprinted from the
St. James's Gazette for November 7 last. .
The spindle tree (Euonymus ero ) is one of our native shrubs
rnamental merit which are overlook
168
blossoms, which open in May, are inconspicuous; but the fruit when ripe
in October has all the appearance of a flower of brilliant hues. The
fruit, indeed, from its colour and shape, is the most distinctive as well as
most beautiful feature of the tree. Each berry is four-lobed and of a
lively rose-pink. When quite ripe the lobes open, disclosing four large
seeds covered with a deep orange-coloured membrane, the seeds and the
husk then presenting a curious but eo contrast. The wood of
the spindle tree is exceedingly tough ; and t usks and stems of the
berries partake of the same character, so that tone after the leaves have
fallen these remain to enliven the wintry landseape. Birds will not
touch them, and with human beings they act as a strong emetic and
purgative.
The wood is so compact and tough that it is hard to break and almost
impossible to splinter. In the days of domestic industries, when every
spindles ; hence de commonest name—a name by which it is known in
Germany and Italy. It was also used for making the pointed ends
of ox-goads ; miadi is derived another name of gatter tree, or prickwood.
Chaucer calls the berries gaitre-berries, and in the Nennes Preestes Tale
recommends them against agae and thehumours.* In Ireland it is called
egwood, because shoemakers use it for pegs for shoes. In France it is
also known by the name of priest's cap, from the resemblance of the berr
in shape to a biretta. ‘Though goads and spindles are gone out of fashion,
the wood is still employed in the making of a variety of small wares--
such as skewers, toothpicks, and fine pins for cleaning watches; an
artists are said to prefer the ebareoal prepared from the branches to any
Edi parti y from its excellent quality and partly because it is easily
ace
The spindle sb is easily propagated either from seed or from cuttings,
It seems to prefer a chalky soil and a mild climate, and consequently
flourishes best in the southern counties of England. It is said to be rare
in Wales; in Scotland it is almost unknown. A variety of the common
spindle tr ee, bearing berries with white instead of pink husks, is
occasionally found ; but although the contrast between the white husks
and the orange seeds is curious, the effect is less pleasing than that
fae by the berries of the commoner sort.
DLV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES,
Retirement of Sir Robert m G.C.B.— The disappearance from
ho inte ;
be passed over without a few words of remembrance. The . Sir
Robert Meade, after a varied official career became Assistant under
Secretary to the Colonial Office in 1871 and Under-Secretary of State in
1892, He retired on Feb em dà 28th of s present year
The assistance which Kew can afford to the Colonies is —
difficult to render on ordinati "official ities, Plants ¢ either be
trensmitted nor treated afterwards by the same mechan ical aire as
ordinary Government stores. Economic questions cannot always be
7 diaago s plant is, however, generally supposed to be the Dogwood (Cornus
a, K.).
169
dealt with on official fooiscap. Sir Robert Meade never failed to take a
human view of possibilities, and many things were ‘accomplished
accordingly which any other method would have made impracticable.
A strong personal taste for botany and gardening made him keenly
alive to the difficulties and limitations of any aid which could be given
effectively to cultural carmen p Msi Colonies. Judicious vigour led
him to clear away unnecessary difficulties in assisting any reasonable
project. How much the "Colonies eet in this respect, to his unfailing
attention to their welfare can never, perhaps, be wholly appreciated.
Death of Sir John Thurston, K.C.M.G.—After 20 AS wor service in
various e in the Pacific Sir John Thurston became Governor
of Fiji and High Commissioner in the Western Pacific in 1887. He
died in Febrasry last while still in office. His career was one of those
which counts for little in the public eye; yet it was spent in capable
knowledge and so self-sacrificing his devotion to its affairs in the
Pacific Yee zs very pgs eene: barred his further career in the
Colonial service. A correspondence with Kew, begun some 20 years
flora, and Kew owes to him many new species whieh he successfully
transmitted to it. The Colony he mdi so long was an object to him of
almost parental affection, and his letters to Kew are a continuous record
of his efforts to promote its material development,
Seed Distribution.—The following is a statement of the number of
kets of seeds distributed from the Royal Gardens during 1896-7
(December 1 to March 31) to other Botanic Institutions at home
and abroad :—
Hardy ane” plants - - - 1228
Ligneous plan - - 3018
Various (tioktly tropical) " - - — 457
10,698
last year, tubers having been received from Mrs. Deglon, of Barberton.
The figure of Grevillea hilliana was prepared from a specimen sent to
Kew by Thomas Hanbury, Esq., of La Mortola. It is a native of
Eastern Australia. Denürobibn sarmentosum from Burma was received
from Mr. C. Curtis, F.L.S., Superintendent of the Botanic eren A nd
Plantations of Penang. e flowers are violet-scented. Didymocarpus
malayana is a new species, probably native of Penang, sent to Kew by
Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea.
i70
Flora of British Central Africa. — The handsome and scholarly
monograph on British Central Africa, which has been published by Sir
Harry Johnston, late Her Majesty’s Commissioner and Consul-General
for that region, stands out in marked contrast to the bulk of the ordinary
ephemeral Sie pe literature of the day. Apart from the interest
imparted to it by the robust common sense and lively personality of its
author, it diia a singdlarly vivid picture of one of the most important
our can possessions. But it must always remain a standard book
of reference on the subject, if only for the pains with which its author
has included in it the most accurate information which he could procure
on every branch of the natural history of the territory under his charge ;
and he had moreover spared no paius to have the collections made on
which the reports are drawn u
Kew willingly consented to his request for a list of the plants known
to occur in British Central Africa from the materials preserved in the
Hester of the Royal Gardens. This was accordingly prepared by
H. Burkill, M.A., one of the scientific staff. It occupies
Pie 238—284.
- The following inte oductory note gives some account of the collections
upon which it is
* The taller, List compiled for the most part from the planis: and
manuscript records in the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens, — inust
be regarded as ST The knowledge of the flora of t ritish
territory north of the Zambezi has been. so rapidly mene during
recent years, and is yet so imperfectly known, that any account
appr comple ae is at present impossible. Little has been
published hitherto, and the facts now collected together will serve to
bring into one view nearly all we know of the Botany of British Central
rica.
* The first collections were made by two members of the Livingstone
RO M in the years 1861, 1862. Dr. (afterwards Sir) John Kirk and
. C. Meller, while of the Shire River and wander-
Mg in the Majianja hills made considerable collections, whic
transmitted to Kew, some of them in time for description in the Flora
of Tropical Africa. Sübeequünty Dr. Kirk journeyed up the Z c
into the Batoka country, from the highlands of whic = from the
region of the Victoria Falls other plants were sent hom The new
species gathered by him were described in a variety of different publica,
tions. In the following years Mr. Horace Waller, residing in the Maiianja
hills, continued to transmit plants to Dr. Kirk, who was at that time
Her Majesty’s Consul in Zanzibar. After this comes a gap of some years
in which nothing was added to our knowledge, until Dr. Emil Holub-
in 1879, returned from a journey during which he had made considerable
Of these, a few of the plants had been yathered about
collections.
eke, almost the most northern point which he reached, and within
the territory under ConidegaHon, At the same time (1873)
Serpa Pinto made, in ourney across the continent, a small peleeees
on the table-land over the River Ninda, and the plants of this were, in
1881, described in tbe Transactions of the Tanga Society. mi, in
this dade thelate Mr. Jo hn Bu chanan his inst co ection
- art
influence And with the help of Sir H
Shire Highlands has been energetically pistor The M manii
below of the names of J. Buchanan, G. F. Scott-Elliot, J. McClounie,
171
J. Last, A. Whyte, and K. C. Cameron shows how much has been done
in. this region. Further north, in 1879, Mr. Joseph Thomson had
gathered plants on the Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, and these reached
Kew in 1880. Messrs, Carson, Nutt, Scott-Elliot, and Sir H
Johnston have Beg collected on the plateau, and the first.named on a
porre es ng the Kalungwesi River to Lake Mweru.
* The collection made at Boroma, on pen north of the Zambezi, by the
Rev. L. Menyharth, is only in part
* As a guide to iex Ae Rie "wm region has been divided into four
sections, as follow
l. Shire High
2: N Vine “Tanganyika plateau; some of the aene probably collected
he German side of the boundary lin
3. antice west, aee Major Serpa Pinto alone has collected.
4. Upper Zambez
“Tt must be epe that SH the plants collected by Buchanan were
obtained i in the Shire Highlands; all by Carson and Nutt, unless other-
se stated, from the region- near the south end of Lake Tanganyika ; i
all from Serpa Pinto from the one dien near the River Ninda;
all from Menyharth from Bor It was not thought netsi t
repeat these localities with the collectore names.’
Drift Seeds from the Keeling Islands.—Mr. H. N. Ridley, Director
of the Gardens and Forest Me rerien Straits his ele om Due presented
a small collection of drift seeds from the ing or s Islands,
e by Mr. G. C. Ross, the present leasing of om islands, Mie contains
little that has not been collected before under the same conditions, but
it may be worth while putting the names on record. They ave:—
Carapa moluccensis, Lam., three or four species of Mucuna, Erythri
indica ?, Cynometra cauli iflora, L j Gaalpsnio Bonducella, Fl, Fatala
scandens s, Benth., Barringtonia, Tevnisolid Catappa, L., Hernandia,
three or e species of Quercus, Aleurites triloba, Forst., and Cycas
circinalis, L.
Algæ in the Kew Herbarium.—The re-arrangement and cataloguing
of the Algæ in the Kew Herbarium will greatly facilitate reference to
this extensive and valuable collection. For the sake of conveniene ce the
classification and nomenclature adopted are those of De Toni’s Sylloge
lg 2, and in this book ‘hp numbering of all the species consecutively
is of considerable advantage for cataloguing purposes
An especial value and infarkt attach to the Kew collection of
arse
recent authorities. Foremost among Vim stands the type colleetion of
Dawson Turner, mostly mounted on glass slips and sncinteda in envelopes
labelled i in his own handwriting. To this must be adde - numerous
type specimens of Robert Brown, Stackhouse, Greville, Harvey, and
others of our own countrymen ; whilst the rich herbaria of the Hookers
father and son, of Berkeley, and of Mrs. Griffiths furnish abundant -
material c the older cone authorities, supplemented by the
more recent exsiccate of Rabenho cum Mate, aud Nordstedt,
and the itato of the veteran x G. A,
u 98272. E
172
It is not generally known that on the shelves of the Kew Library are
to be found a series of volumes of coloured drawings by Miss Turner,
Miss Hutchins, Carmichael, Dawson Turner, and others. These drawings
are executed with great skill, and being in most cases accom y
manuscript descriptions, present a mine of unworked material for future
students of British algolo
The puiniogue which is being prepared gives the locality aud collector’s
name for every specimen in the herbarium, so that a preliminary glance
at this list will show how far any partieular species is represented, and
on whose authority.
Broom Root.—An account of Broom root or Mexican whisk obtained
from one or more species of grasses belonging to the genus Epicampes
9°
Zacaton.” During some years very little has been exported, but latterly
increased interest fis been taken in them as a cheap substitute for the
well-known Venetian whisk, derived from the roots of Chrysopogon
Gryllus. The most recent information respecting Broom root is con-
tained in the following ‘ Report for the year 1895 on the Trade of
Mexico’ (F.O., 1896, Annual Series, No. 1827) :—
“ From the roots of a coarse tufty grass, known as “ cornered which
is found growing wild all over the highlands of Mexico, a fibre is
extracted called “ Raiz de Zacaton,” which has found a mau S abroad
for the manufacture of certain kinds of brushes and whisks. It is
collected by hand, and is subjected t5 very little treatment before being
baled, beyond being soaked in water and bleached in the sun. The
principal "market. for this fibre is Hamburg, but the United States and
France both take a certain amount. It has never obtained a foothold in
the English market. The export in 1895 was valued at 67,5997. The
price, according to the New York quotations, ranged in the year under
question from 6c. to 14c. per lb., according to quality. *
Snowdrop Disease.—Sno liable to be affected with a disease
caused by a fungus (Sclerotinid. Galanthi). The following treatment
is recommended for keeping it in check :—
Spray at intervals of three days with a dilute solution of Bordeaux
mixture*, or a rose-red solution of Condy's fluid. Do not spray when
the sun is shining. ‘This will arrest the spread of the fungus, but will
not cure thore plants already attacked. A white mould, or Botrytis
stage of the fungus, originates from very minute sclerotia or resting
stages, formed in the bulbs of the previous season. These sclerotia
inate, grow up the flower stalk, and produce their crop of spores in
the air. These, i in turn, germinate on the ground, grow down to the
bulbs and attack those that are healthy, forming sclerotia which will in
the following season produce the Botrytis form. The great point is to
destroy the white mould, and thus prevent healthy bulbs from becoming
infected.
G. M.
* See Kew Bulletin, 1889, p. 229.
173
A Canna Disease.—A dangerous disease, by which species of Canna
are quickly destroyed, was first recorded from San Paulo, in Brazil, in
Quite recently an account of the destruction of Cannas, by what
proves to be the fos fungus, Uredo Canne, Winter, has been received
from Mr. J. H. Hart, Superintendent of the Botanic ‘Gardens, Trinidad.
Diseased leaves are i first thickly studded with minute, yellowish spots ;
this appearance is cerise followed by blackening and death, The
disease does not appear to have reached Europe as yet, and great care
should be exercised in receiving living plants from the New World, as
the fungus, which is a close. ally of the Hollyhock rust, Puccinia
Malvacearum, if once introduced, would, in all probability, render
impossible, for a time at least, the cultivation of Cannas.
Double Rice,—In the agere bs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
for April 1895, Dr. D. Prain describes and figures what is known in
In
dia as Double Rice. g a s the phenomenon was found to be
e to an increase in the number of ovaries, the other parts s the-
flower being invariably of the normal namber. In the gyn 3
o
over 150 flowers examined not one was found with fewer than soar
ovaries, ccd CPBSEHGRY perfect; the usual number being five. A few
flowers were found to have six, and one or two had seven ovaries..
When five, six, or seven ovaries were present, sometimes only three, -
usually four or five appeared to be perfect. ‘The ovaries may be o
two-, or three-styled. Usually only two ovaries develop into ers
sometimes three, and their shape is modified accordingly.
Sorghum si gigi —The Sugar Sorghum or Broom Corn (Andropogon
Sorghum, Brot., var. Saccharatus, Koern., is a grass largely cultivated
in Northern India, China, and Japan, as as well as in the United States.
It is, however, native of none of these countries, and its original home is
obscure, but is probably Tropical Africa. For many years past æ-
strenuous effort has been made in North America to utilise the sugar
sorghum as a source of sugar in a zone north of that in which the sugar -
cane is grown, The result has not, however, been very successful, as-
the sugar can only be obtained for the most part in an uncryst allizable-
form. Syrup is, however, a large article of Peay os in n United
States, and this alone affords the industry a chance of su
The following extract from The Louisiana Planter for Ta ember 1,.
1894, gives what is no doubt a correct account of the industry from an
American point of view.
“ The Sorghum Industry, —Sorghum manufacture consists in making
syrup and also sugar. It is a common error to measure the sorghum
industry simply by i its yield of sugar. The value of the sorghum syrup
product of the country is greater ‘than the value of the sorghum sugar.
In smell factories syrup only is produced, and in large factories syrup,
sugar, and molasses are produced. The sorghum crop is of sufficient
importance in twenty-four States to be reported monthly by the govern-
ment statistician, along with sugar cane, rice, wheat, corn, and othe
leading Rim of the countr
e season for sorghum manufacture usually € e dps At
that season sugar cane syrup is not found i in market. s, then, a
general demand for ‘new crop syrup. At the beginning of. the season
174
the syrup factories find a home market for their product, and the sugar
factories use quantities of cane which is not fully ripe in the manufacture
of
ga
sorghum has an advantage over beet manufacture in the fact that it is
possible to make a fine sorghum syrup during the months when the
market is bare of syrup, or whenever syrup pays better than sugar.
Sugar refiners utilise a part of the residues of sugar refining by converting
them into syrup, and it is said that there is sometimes more profit in the
syrup made from the residues than. in the refined sugar, for the reason
incidentally for crude syrup. ‘The result has been a small yield of sugar
EC f cane worked for sugar, a large yield of molasses which
includes a considerable amount of sugar which cann extra
profitably, and inferior syrup which requires the manipulations of the
‘mixers’ to fit it for use. It is not difficult to make a fine unerystal-
lizable syrup from sorghum, which is superior for many purposes, if not
all, to the common mixed syrups. Considering the immense sale of
mixed syrups, there seems to be room fora syrup which can be produced
ata low cost, and which is superior to the mixed syrups. There seems
to be little profit in producing an inferior quality of syrup, which is
wanted only by mixers, as there is little profit in producing articles of
l e:
ow grade in any Jin
out that problem, as it required time in the sugar cane and g
beet industries. hile an increase in sugar yield is and should be the
main object of the sorghum sugar factories, yet while accomplishing that
object is seems necessary to utilise the cane in the best possible way
with regard to immediate financial results.
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
Nos. 125-126. | MAY and JUNE. (1897.
DLVI.—INSECTS DESTRUCTIVE TO CULTIVATED
S IN WEST AFRICA.
ne of the difficulties inseparable from the work of opening
plantations in new countries is the injury done to cultivated plants b
found that the insects whose food supply has been destroyed attack the
introduced plants and cause considerable loss, "This is inevitable under
the cireumstances, and is a part of the penalty which the planter has to
pay for interfering with the balance of nature
In West Africa the attacks of insects have of late been more than
usually bs uctive. umerous economic gene introduced for experi-
mental cultivation at the Aburi Botanic Station, on the Gold Coast,
have been almost entirely destroyed, while the newly established coffee
plantations in the colony of Lagos have also suffered. Owing to the
difficulty of obtaining satisfactory material and securing observations by
skilled observers on the spot, it bas not been possible hitherto to do
more than offer suggestions for further inquiry and a trial of methods
a useful in dealing with the attacks of allied insects in other
co es.
ME the instance of the Government of the Gold Coast, an inquiry has
been undertaken on behalf of Kew by Mr. Walte r F. H. Bla ndford,
F.Z.S., F.E.S., with the view of identifying some ofi the insects, id of
affording technical assistance in eaiing with future attacks.
The correspondence which has led to the inquiry and Mr. Blandford’s
Pene are detailed below. 'The information contained in these
documents cannot fail to be of value to those who are engaged in
eukita operations in West Africa :—
CoLoNiaL Orrice to Roxar GARDENS, Kew.
Downing Street,
SIR, August 29 29, 1896.
1 am directed by the Secretary of State for "the Colonies to
transmit to aet the accompanying copy of a despatch, with enclosures,
from th r administering the Government of the Gold Coast
respecting the plis which infest some of the economic plants in the
Botanical Station at Aburi
U 98273. 17$ —o]er. Wt. 61. A
ice:
Iam to state that the Secretary of State will be obliged if you will
be good enough to advise him as to the best method of dealing with
The Crown Agents for the Colonies have been instructed to forward
to you the box of specimens mentioned in m despatch.
m, &c.
The Director, (Signed). p JOHN BRAMSTON.
Royal Gardens, Kew.
ADMINISTRATOR of the Gorp Coast to COLONIAL OFFICE.
Government House, Accra,
Sir, July 18, 1896.
I nave the honour to report that in consequence of the state-
ments made by the Chief Justice, Mr. Brandford Griffith, in a letter
addressed to Gosdraer Sir William Maxwell, of which T enclose an
extract, His Excellency requested the Chief Medical Officer to visit
buri and make a report upon the condition of the coffee shrubs an
rubber trees.
2. It was not, however, until last month that Dr. Easmon found
himself in a position to leave Accra. [enclose a copy of his report
"which reached me on the 26th ultimo, and I am se nding pausa by
this mail, addressed to the Crown Agents, a box containing—
a specime ns of borers
and
b) ita of coffee cin showing the action of the borers upon
them
8. I have the honour to ask that Dr. Easmon's report and the
specimens may be sent to the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, who
‘will no doubt give his valuable i as to the best method of
gie and getting rid of the pes
. Mr. Humphries, the curator " the Botanie Station, who, I m may
al “afford ed Dr. Easmo Tio assistance, is now, as you are aware, in
England on leave of EM
I have, &c.
The Right Honourable (Signed) F. M. Hopeson
J. Chamberlain, M.P., Administrator. i
&c. &e. &c.
Exrxaor from a LETTER, dated Aburi, 6th J Jenpary 1896, from the
Cuter JUSTICE to the GOVERN
fatal injury to the trees. Peaetically all the Arabian coffee 1
wretched, I never saw anythin looking better than the Liberian
‘coffee. It looks superb. On closer investigation I found about two
‘trees out of five attacked by a boring grub, different, I think, from the
‘grub which attacked the Arabian coffee. This grub has only Pas
e vs attack the Liberian coffee, and you can see trees laden
177
ee down with frai getting yellow from the pioet of the grub;
are dying, some dead, all due to the boring grub. The natives
ste or will soon see it, id will abstain from planting co ote. Considering
H this is an agricultural country, and that soil and climate appear to.
t the Liberian coffee to perfection, Mi AT should be done to a
et defeat the grub.
Report by Dr. EAsuoN on some of the Borers affecting some of the
Economie Plants in the Government Botanic Station : at Aburi.
1. Borer affecting the Arabian. Coffee,
Specimens preserved :—
(a.) Portion of cocoon Vd its tough and fibrous nature ;
(b.) A full-sized grub or larv
(c.) A DID pa;
(d.) A mature insect.
larva is two inches long, greenish white in appearance with a
darker grey streak along the sides ; the head is large and provided with
two strong brown nippers; the body consists of 11 segments, the two
nearest the head being only slightly distinguishable.
Only a portion of the pupa is given ; it calls for no special remark.
The developed insect is one inch in length ; narrow body of a
Tight brown colour; the head is black, on the centre of the back is a
black triangular mark with the apex pointing backwards and on each
side, about a quarter of an inch from the posterior extremity, are two
smaller black marks. The antenns are retracted over the back,
insect is very active in its habits
2. Borer affecting the Liberiith Coffee.
This is waka practically the same insect as that affecting
the Arabian coffee; the matured insect seemed a trifle larger than the
others and pabi darker in colour, but I think this is simply a question
of age or possibly of sex,
3. The Castilloa elastica Borer,
Specimens of this insect in various stages are supplied in two tubes.
The grub is much larger than in the preceding cases, and the matured
insect is also oc measuring 11 inches in length and much broader
than the coffee borer _ antennæ are an e and a half long and
arke:
tint, t, with two small black points on either side of the middle line in the
centre of the back, and black spots on the outer side of the body, as
in the list described.. This insect is most active in its operations,
4. Orange and Lemon Trees.
Two classes of borers affect these plants, one attacking them at the
roots, the other at the branches. It would appear that the operations
of the latter are — upon those of the former, and that asoa
matter of fact they are ael until a certain degree of diminished
venie of the wood is reached.
oot borers are paccaliely active, and the larva has specia al
enashielitgidnh arrangements for facilitating its o 2 ons. Specimens
of all the insects I found on these trees are subm
(Signed) 3 ^ "Yu EASMON.
A2
178
Royat Garpens, Kew, to COLONIAL OFFICE
Royal Gardens, Kew,
Sm, June 29, 1897.
Wira reference to your letter of the 29th August last,
No. 17,220/96, and subsequent correspondence, I have the honour to
for bie erei a copy of the report prepared hy Mr. Walter F. H.
Blandford, F.Z.S., on the — miae to plants at the Botanic
Station al Aburi, on the Gold Coas
2. The preparation of this ang has, I regret to state, been unduly
delayed by Mr. Blandford’s engagement on the "Natal Tsetse fly inquiry.
The results of the investigation as now presented canaot, however,
fail to be of considerable ‘value on the Gold Coast, and as some o
those destructive insects are widely distributed in West Africa, they
will be of service in other colonies where coffee, india-rubber, orange,
and other trees are now being cultivated.
3. Under these circumstances you may consider it desirable to com-
municate a copy of the report to the Nd nors of the other Colonies
in West Africa in addition to the Governor of the Gold Coast, for
whom it has been specially prepared. The small parcel sent herewith
containing some of the insects named and mounted should also be sent
to the Gold Coast, to be kept there for future reference
4. It will be eee that Mr. Blandford indicates somewhat technical
lines of inquiry and methods of treatment. In the first instance these
should be dcl. studied and applied by the curators of tlie botanic
stations, and the results of their observations might be placed on record
for the information of pezsons engaged in cultivating oe plants,
in occasional bulletins or in the € ook of the stati
(Signed). "Nw. T. THISELTON-DYER.
Sir Joun Beamon, K.C.M.G., C.B.,
Colonial Office, S.W
Report by Mr. Warrer F. H. Br. ANDFORD on INSECTS injurious to
Coffee, &c., from Abur
MATERIAL RECEIVED.
The material received from Aburi consists of insects in various
stages, preserved in spirit, and of samples of coffee shrubs, &c., which
have been injured by them. Accompanying the material is a short
report by ves J. Farrell Easmon, Chief Medical Officer.
It ma stated at once that the material and information supplied ar
e to furnish the basis of a detailed report and fully set forth the
measures to pted to relieve the plantations of these pests, In the
case of, say, European insects of which the habits are tolerably well
wn, a mere identification of au injurious species is often sufficient to
enable a - of treatment to be Suggested.
owever, of exotie insects it is only rarely that evidence
other than that actually supplied with the specimens is carat and
the utmost that ca: done is to advise on general grounds, potios
out the direction IRR further ard a take, and ne line of
treatment which such inquiry, if it lead to a positive result,
deccm This is all that can be dine d in the picant case. The insects
179
sent from Aburi have been mostly identified, with some difficulty, but
the identification has not led to the discovery of any literature dealing
with their habits and economic features.
Nature of Insects sent.
The insects received from Aburi are ^ —À in different stages of
development. They are divisible into tw
1. eq Beetiles.— One species n Toe corn beetle has been
cent in each case as destructive to coffee, Castilloa elastica, and orange
and lemon trees respectively. These appear to be the really injurious
insects of the consignment.
2. Beetles belonging to the tribe Heteromera. With the exception
of one species, tekon by Dr. Easmon from orange and lemon trees, there
is no evidence, direct or indirect, to connect any of these insects with
the damage Wittatne jed.
It will therefore be convenient to consider the ongien beetles
— Three species have been sent. They ar
ivadus sierricola, White, Proc. Zool. Soc. s P- Ae iere
Coffee Boret: Described originally deum Sierra Leone.
has been sent as destructive to coffee, both Arabian and Liberian,
Though Dr. Easmon seems doubtful on this point, there is no difference
in the examples sent from either tree. "The species attacks both kinds
of coffee indifferently.
ivadus is a sub-genus of Monohammus, a large genus of Longi-
cornia, which sista: two European species, M. sartor and M. sutor,
both destructive to Coniferæ
2. Inesida leprosa, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 178 (The Castilloa Borer),
Described from Guinea and Senegal. This insect, familiar in collections
of West African beetles, is the borer of Castilloa elastica.
3. Eunidia sp. (The Orange Borer.) This species is a small Longicorn
sent as destructive to orange and lemon trees, But one example of the
erfect insect has been received, which I cannot identify with a
species in the British Museum collection, African species of the e gen
ave been described from the Cape (1), Natal eu “ Caffraria ”’ ©
Senegal (1), Angola (1), and Damaraland (1). e locality of t
species sent is not far removed from Senegal; bai m is RE br to
identify. it with the species occurring ia rx region, except after the
examination of the type which cannot ‘be
The species of Eunidia are obscure ib not readily determinable
from descriptions.
General Habits of Longicorn Beetles.
The perfect insects of Longicorn beetles are usually rather sluggish,
and are to be found by day on leaves, or on the trunks of trees, or logs.
Sometimes they sit by day in the mouth of the burrows made by the
larve. A few, chiefly of the smaller species, fly by day, but the
majority fly at dusk or early in the night.
‘The female deposits her eges, as a rule, in the cracks of bark, having
an care tubular apex to the abdomen for that purpose. She does
not pierce sound bark, but ues eracks, either natural fissures or
cracks due to fungoid disease, w ds, &e. It is quite exceptional for
a Longicorn beetle to lay on eben surfaces, and probably none of
these species in question do so.
180
Several exotic species in both — 1 prepare the wood for dt E
tion of the eggs by gnawing off a circular ring of bark round a branch;
The part of the branch beyond the ring dies and init the eggs are
deposited. This form of egg-laying is not shown, from the pieces of
wood sent, to occur in the present cases, but it is important to know of
its existence, as it is apt to be very puzzling whenever it is observed for
time.
It i he : think, undeniable that Longicorn beetles will select perfectly:
healthy trees for oviposition, at least at certain times and in the case of
caren, cs but they are generally attracted to a tree by at least a
local injury which affords a favourable spot for oviposition, and, in com-
mon with other wood-boring beetles, they generally prefer trees ‘of which
the health has deteriorated and especially those of which the normal flow
of sap has diminished.
Causes enti to Selection of Trees for Egg-laying.
In a ngicorn injury, attention should be paid to the
following points as likely t o give some pe to the reasons which have
je to the trees being selected for attac
. Antecedent injury by other insects especially extensive defolia-
a loss of nutrition due to scale, blight, or other sucking ge
root-injury, by subterranean larve of different kinds such as chafer
bs.
2, Fungoid disease, Ma sil bb attended with loss of foliage.
3. Drought, TUNE or due the presence of an unsuitable
situation for planti
4. Unsuitable soil, or soil deteriorated by over-exposure to sun, etc.
5. Imperfect root- -gowth, such as oecurs when the soil-depth is too
Visto and the roots meet with clay or the li
. Gross injuries from storms, wounds inv olving loss of bark, and
the like.
'These are some of the causes which lead to selection of particular
trees. But inasmuch as these insects will habitually select sickly or
overshadowed trees in preference to healthy ones, when they are not so
numerous as to be restricted in their choice, it must be recollected
that extensive damage to previously healthy trees is generally indicative
the species having been allowed to multiply and become over-
abundant in the situations er it normally selects for breeding. This
multiplication is usually due to the non-remoyal of infested, sickly,
and dominated trees, stumps, pee and brushwood of kinds in which
they will breed
Freedom from their attacks can only be secured in situations where
the trees are liable to them by strict attention to clean cultivation and
the removal of all dead and dying material.
Characters of Longicorn larve.
"The larve of Longicorn beetles are alike in general appearance and
difficult to distinguish. They ure soft and flattened, especially in front,
white or pale, with a much-wrinkled thin skin, The "head i is short, trans-
‘after the enlarged one or two anterior segments, and is not tapering or
fusiform. It is not curved vals, but is straight when the larva 1s
181
naturally extended. Legs are canre absent, or present on the three.
anterior segments as six minute rudiments. r place is supplied by
tubercular enlargements of the sides of the Gavente which, though
soft, serve to give them a grip of the burrow.
Habits of Longicorn Larve.
The egg being laid as deeply in the crack of the bark as the parent
beetle can manage, when the young larva hatches, it bores as a rule
during the early part of its life in the inner layer of the bark and the
outer sapwood. In these parts it excavates irregular vorab e
often i Wen and may lie in no particular direction oni re
the long axis of the trunk. The galleries of Longi "p pnr are
always In id or Jlattened oval in cross-section, offe tidy with
the transverse section of the larva at its largest part; this will distin-
guish them at once from the burrows of many boring insects. They
T€ ahay packed when fresh with fine wood-meal, the result of the
orin
The extent to which the galleries are bored superficially in the sap-
wood and bark varies greatly according to the species of Longicorn. In
some the larva quits the surface-wood pi to burrow in the heart-
wood, either up or down ; in others all the boring is superficial, and the
larva only enters the harder wood to make a chamber in which to
pupate.
The greater the PN ; "i x superficial boring gend greatcr the
injury to the life of the the greater the amount of boring in
hard wood, the greater Ji dide done to the BAD as an article of
commerce.
With species that do a large amount of superficial boring, and
je A when several larve are present in a trunk, large ar a " bark
may be detached from the sap.wood, the nutrition of t ee is
destroyed at these points, and the tree may be completely Hood Pert
neath the bark.
When the larva is full-grown it changes to a pupa in a recess at the
end of its burrow, which is packed in front and behind with a plug of
wood fibre. 'The burrow is usually continued to the outside, with the
exception of a thin layer before being plugged, so that the perfect
— can emerge easily. The beetles themselves are not wood-
bore
Tt must be added that in most cases, and certainly in temperate
countries, Longicorn larvæ, especially those bes do much boring in
the solid wood, are of slow growth, and may live for a year or more in
that stage. nder exceptional poner Fat larval life may be
prolonged for many years.
It is hoped that the foregoing general account may Le of assistance in
supplementing the knowledge which has been gained of the particular
n question. Of these the coffee borer will be more particularly
argo as the specimens of wood sent throw some light on its habits,
It is to be r regretted that. these specimens were not forwarded with a
little more information. In the case of one coffee shrub of which the
main stem and roots have been sent, cut into gs it has been found
possible to put the piepen together” and, with some difficulty, to work
out the various systems of burrows traversing it. "Tha will be briefly
descri ide to further observations. It may be added that ne
only way of working o out the s expose all the burr of burrows in such a stem is
split the wood so baros and to paint colour Sate
the margins of ake ramifications. If each separate
182
burrow is thus differently coloured, the general course of them
ultimately becomes evident; but unless this is done, it is impossible to
delimit each burrow without confusion, and um such delimitation is very
important for studying the facts of the case
THe COFFEE Borer.
The stem sent measures about 2 ft. 6 in. from the collar upwards.
The main roots are attached. It contains four burrows, made by not
less than four larve.
About 2 feet from the collar is a large eroded patch about 8 inches
long, extending nearly round the stem at its lower part. From this
patch the bark is removed, and the sapwood is exposed and scored with
shallow grooves due to the larval burrows.
row 1.—At its upper part is a hole leading into the heart-wood,
this communicates with a burrow running down the stem for 15 inches,
nd communicating with the outside part of the way down by a hole
with callused margins, at the bottom it turns upwards and finishes in a
pupal chamber communicating with the est by a circular flight-hole
through the bark. This burrow is old, as seen from its discoloured
walls, emptiness, and the seperni of the flight-hole. It has bee
made and quitted some time before the stem was cut. At the point
where it enters the heart-wood froi the surface there is some callus,
and it appears to me that the eia mischief caused „by this partieular
== had partly healed, and that most of the erosion in the patch from
which the burrow starts was tanse by the larva which had formed
burrow 2.
Burrow 2 begins at the lower part of the croded patch and runs
upwards for 5 inches in the heart-wood to finish in a pupal chamber
without exit. This burrow is a season, at least, later in date than
burrow 1, and its course is largely determined by the presence of the
latter. Its walls are not discoloured. As there is ro exit hole to the
-burrow the terminal chamber must have contained the larva or pupa at
-the time S stem was split open.
Burrow 3 begins at a second E eroded Bits Si patch just MAS
. the A. common to it tnd the burrow ; it is about 1 foo
length, runs deeply down into the es aud re-ascends to open st js
upper extremity by a flight-hole. "Thisis an old burrow, about the same
age as ape
Burrow 4 begins at the large pateh common to it and 3, and also
runs doin towards the roots; it is short, not above 4 inches in length,
and turns back to open at a zirean? flizht-hole some 4 inches abuve "the
ground. ‘The hole is fresh. The remains of the pupal packing are in
_the burrow, which is later in date than 1 or 3, and probably coeval with 2.
Root ynawing.
Besides these four burrows, one of the roots has been extensively
guawed in patches, I am unable to trace any communication between
there patches, which appear to be isolated i in places from each other, and
- mportance in causing the state of health. favourable to » borer attack, aud
~ tthe sume time be easily overlooked.
183
Conclusions.
1. The shrub sent has been attacked by four distinct examples of
Longicorn borer
2. While the four belong probably to the same species— Bizxadus
sierricola—it cannot be proved that more than one species has not been
at work.
3. The attack begins under the bark which is destroyed over large
patches. 7t is likely that while the attack is going on, these patches
may be capable of detection by their altered appearance, exhibition of
— or holes, which emit small quantities of wood-powder.
e eges may be laid near the ground, or at some PaL - feet at
least, up the stem. Possibly higher if the trunk is large eno
5. Owing to the bark pee, the points selected for” cos ise
caunot be examined in the speci
6. The larval life is of some aod ag de: duration, several months at
least, probably over a year. The margins of the eroded patches are
callused over, mis Hie (in the latter burrows) to be much older
than the flight-holes
7. The larve eventually enter the hard wood and may ue up or
down--if down, they ultimately turn back and bore upwar
8. Of the ich burrows, two are at least a season older = the other
pair. The shrub is therefore not killed outright by the first attack,
though it may be so injured as to be past recovery.
is not essential that the larva shall bore into the roots. Its
course is determined by the situation at which the eggs are laid, and by
the presence of previous burrows.
10. One of the roots has been gnawed by an insect which I cannot
satisfy myself to be a Longicorn grub.
"^ One of the shrubs sent, which I took at first not to be coffee, as it
was very different in appearance from the one described on page 182,
has been apparently bored by a Longicorn which is smaller than
Bixadus. ln this ease the brings are at the upper part of the stem,
just below the axils ; there is mueh aT injury and loss of bark
and not much boring in the hard wood.
I do net think this oe can well be Bivadus because the burrows
look too small. If no it is some other species, it becomes all the
more important to ieoi its work, habits, and share of the damage
from those of Bizadus
Suggestions for further sinrin and treatment.
1. It should be placed beyond doubt whether the borer is capable
of attacking trees hitherto uninjured (to any material extent) by other
species of insects. Probably leaf-eating species, and scale, blight or
the like i cae have been detected, and may therefore not be
expected to
Root- feeding dii should be looked for; either weevil-grubs or
chafer-grubs
Weev m are white and soft, like Longicorn larve, with a large
horny head, a wrinkled skin and a a plate behind the head. ‘The
head is not sunk in the next segment, the body is curved from end to
po towards the Dd end is thickest in the middle. There are
“no legs. :
184
Chafer-grubs are white or dirty-yellow, also pale and soft; cylindrical,
doubled on themselves, very large and baggy behind; wit l
developed head and antennæ, and six well-developed legs.
If any other nee a insects are found to be associated with o
recede the Longico in the damage, they ‘must be éalvefeilly
ene as to ae? habits, &e.
The condition of the plantations aiashed, should form the
Te of most careful examination with a view to detecting anything
amiss in the health of the trees or the E E under which they are
grown.
If some piane n a district are immune, whilst others suffer, an
examination of each set in order to find out any diversity of conditions
which is associated with the variation in liability to attack should be
coast made,
s point I cannot speak from botanical knowledge, but with that
limitation I would venture to suggest the following points as being
worthy of inquiry :
a.) The character of the soil ;
(6.) The depth of the soil, and nature of the subsoil ;
(c.) The water eg ied and drainage ;
(d.) The aspect
(e.) The condition of the plantation with relation to shade-trees.
[ do not know if the Aburi coffee is grown under shade, but if not,
the expedient of planting shade-trees should certainly be tried, with a
view to lessen the attacks. Inthe severe infestation of coffee in Coorg Uy
a similar boring Longicorn (Xylotrechus quadripes) there was a general
opinion expr essed by planters that the growing of the plants without
shade-trees was detrimental to their health, caused the ground to
become parched and favoured the beetle attack. Moreover a plantation
with shade-trees is a “mixed growth”; and it is a general law that
trees in mixed wood are less liable to insect infestation than in pure
wood,
If on the other hand, the attacked faseei is already grown under shade,
an examination of the shade-tree employed should be made to find out
if it suffers from the same Longicorn borer as that attacking the
cottee—if so it should be rejected 1 in future in favour of some species of
tree not so affected, and in plantations where it already exists it should
be cared for and not allowed to become infested and breed out beetles
freely, to migrate to the coffee.
If positive evidence is obtained that the infestation is EN ed by
any of " conditions of cultivation mentioned in this section, steps
be taken to modify those conditions in ct diee with the
rrived at.
Other indigenous trees should be examined to see if they are
eot by the same species of beetle, If this is dioe to be the ease,
uded
plantations. If this is done they should b be removed, stumps and all,
or the stumps earthed up. No ne ogs, d ad trees, or cut b: hes
of coffee or any tree which seryes as a host should be left about the
coffee plantations. Al attacked uh which experience shows to be
t recovery should be at once cut down, remov removed, and burned.
robably careful attention to this matter will greatly lessen the damage-
185
-4. The *elloinn points in the life-history of the borer should » be:
accurately made out :—
The season at which the perfect beetles appear. This will prbbébly
stand in some relation to the and wet seasons.
‘The Aabits of the perfect beetles, their flight time, place of rest.
omg the day ; their tendency, if any, to frequent Mien oozing sap,
diseased trees, &c.
The place at which they oviposit. This is of importance. Probabl
oviposition is favoured by wounds in the bark. Special attention should
be paid to the probability of the eggs being laid at pruning etiem and
the system of pruning adopted sho juld be looked to with this ob ject.
The length of larval life and the length of time a tree will withstand
injury without succumbing should also be investigated,
The early signs of injury should be carefully made out, in order that
infestation may be detected as soon as possible (see p. 1 3).
General Suggestions.
The following general Sngecetions for treatment over and above those
already given are based mainly on the assumption that information will
be gained on the Aor points in par. 4 :—
Prevention of Egg-laying.
All pruning and accidental gines vog be tarred.
Possibly egg-laying may be prevented at the usual situations by
plastering the part of the bark Meca selected for the purpose with
clay and eow dung, or a similar mixture, or painting it with lime-white
mixed with rice water, i make it adhere. "This treatment has proved
successful with other species of borers. qp ;
Capture of the perfect Beetles.
This to be successful — be et qaa after study of their habits
and time of appearance. may be don
a.) By placing sheets uer On pistes “ahd shaking off the beetles,
in the early morning or whenever they are so slugg gish as to drop. The
beetles should then be collected and killed with boiling water.
A convenient plan of collecting them from sheets is to fit a tin bucket
with a wide funnel-shaped lid of tin, furnished at the centre with a short
tube. The sheets are shaken on to the lid, the beetles drop through
the tin tube, and cannot escape until the lid is removed.
(b.) By setting baits for them, and collecting them from the baits.
This cannot à done unless their habits show that some kind of bait -
serve to attra
c.) By providing logs of any tree which they will attack, ringed
trees, coffee shru ich have been condemned and are dying or have
been ringed for iiem i lay their eggs in hese * tree traps" should
be provided before the flight period and ‘removed before the beetles in
them have bred out, or they will do more harm than goo
Mite sames of attacked peni
with practice
„I have little doubt ; Se it. can be. done with sufficient pdt to
make it practicable i is more questionable.
186
If such a patch is beetles the bark should be cut away and the larva
tumbled out ; it will soon die if exposed to the air and light. The cut
part should then be iini
If the patch hasbeen opened after the larva has finished its superficial
burrowing, and gone deep into the wood, it might possibly be killed
with a wire, or by wetting the burrow with ker erosene, which wili pene-
trate. But these methods are not ery practicable, and I regard the
surface burrowing as the most impor
With the exception o of these lieia. the larval and pupal stages are
not open to measures caleulated to get rid of them
The sugge-tions made in the foregoing pages c cover all the points by
which success in the treatment of the borer appears E M likely to be
obtained. That they are all practicable under local conditions is
unlikely ; but they are all measures which have re of service in
other countr'es and with other host plants.
Partieular attention is drawn to the necessity for E agp’ the
antecedent causes whic mer. have fav pue the infestati o the
may harbour the larvae ands are P odit recov ery, to the ortance of
attending to pruning wounds, and of catching the te insects by
shaking down.
Tue CASTILLOA BORER AND THE ORANGE Boren.
There is nothing to be said on these two insects which, mutatis
mutandis, has not been said above on the coffee borer.
Dr. Easmon says “two classes of borers affect these plants, one
attacking them at the roots, the other at the branches. It would appear
that the ‘operations of the latter are dependent upon those of the former,
and that, as a matter of fact, they are inoperative until a certain degree
of diminished vitality of the wood is reached.” This is probable, ‘and
is in agreement with what has been suggested as possible, even if not
likely, in the case of the coffee shrubs.
The Longicorn beetle, Eunidia, is the stem-borer, and its attack is
therefore to be regarded as secondar
Of Heteromerous Coleoptera (a tribe of beetles distingnisimd by the
possession of five joints in the anterior an and four in the
posterior pair of feet) Dr. Easmon has Daie E e eor all from
decaying orange trees.
i aim species are as follows, the specimens are returned labelled, a
more suitable arrangement for identification than the forwarding of a
description ;—
b Metallonotus denticollis, Gray Griff. Anim. Kingd. II. 1832, pl.
80; Westw. Trans. Zool. Soc. III. p.220. Described from Sierra
Leone
2. rr — sp. indet
2 eg planus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. I. p. 90, described from Sierra
i Lapa villosa, Fabr. Spec. Ins. L, p. 160. Africa, widely
distributed.
Nothing is known to me of the habits of these insects, and, with the
exception of Metallonotus denticollis, it is likely that their presence on
d trees is of no importance. They probably bear the same
relation to the injurious "—— beetles as saprophytie do to
parasitic fungi.
187
As far as can be gathered from the i on the specimen-tubes sen
the ** root-borer " of the orange appears to be the larva of Meiatianios
denticollis, nen Dr. Easmon’s Piin PE of the larva with the
adult beetle
This pian is s eylindrienl- -circular in cross section, entirely horny, dirty
yellow, six-legged, t brown, the eleventh segment of the body
stouter, rough, ‘and darker, shortly 'spined above on its hind margin, the
last segment short, forming a transverse shield, hard and rough, with a
marginal series of : spiny tubercles and two hook. -shaped spines projecting
back wards.
I should doubt this larva being a borer in wood, as Dr. Easm
account seems to suggest. It more likely burrows in REA like zs
worms and guaws the roots.
e is no information at my disposal which will enable me to make
any suggestions upon it. One or two species of its particular. family
( Tenebrionide) have root-gnawing larve, but very little is known about
them
The habits of the insect must be investigated, and speaking on pure
a priori grounds, I would suggest that particular attention be paid to
those of the imago itself. Root-feeding larve are always difficult to
get rid of by direct methods. But the ae of Tenebrionide
slugglish in many cases, and fly little. It might be possible to devise
some method of attracting them, or some species of trap, such as is done
for other non-flying beet tles s by means of holes, trenches, or ditches in
which they will collect and from which they can be removed and killed.
Until further investigation is made, it is not possible to say more about
this species. One species of Bostrychus (B. iniquus, Lesne) has been
sent, in the form of a single example, from decaying orange wood. The
Bostr ychide are often injurious wood borers; but it is reasonable to
suppose that this species would have attracted attention if it were of
importance. Its occurrence is peobübly nsidoutal
In addition to the insects injurious to coffee forwarded from Aburi, a
small collection of insects has also beeu received from Mr. Cyril Fi ties
manager of the Soto Coffee Plantations, Colony of Lagos, West Africa
specimens are accompanied with short explanatory notes
diel y, but very little can be said about these examples, which in
most cases are not identifiable. Some pa rticulars, which include the
git given by Mr. Punch, are furnished in the hope that they
may lead to further study of these insects in places where they occur.
E nite acter
Am
Poderide, which iuh some mis the very lowest insect orms. The
species sent is about ,'; of an inc long. Mr. Punch describes it in the
following note as an Meant: it is, however, a true insect :
Very troublesome all the year round to coffee. It affects whole
exereted by the caterpillars. The mites hatch both inside the berries
and between the folded seo E
The slide forwarded co a dried example of what might be a very
caterpillar, but terr is ade connexion whatever between it and the
188
‘Podurid, as the note seems to imply... The .Peduride undergo no
transformation:
"The only treatment that would be at all likely to get j rid e the
Poduride would be by spraying or fumigation, and i 8 quite
improbable that so much damage is done. by this insect as z justify any
‘such measures being taken
2. ORTHOPTERA.
B ib ; Drury, is a very large species of btipket
Mr. it says of it: “ This insect is present to some extent all the year
round, but especially during February and March; also in August and
to the same extent. Once in every five or six years they appear in such
quantities as to be a pest as diligit as the locusts, destroying entire
farms of suceulent or young plants. Their galleries run down 18 to 24
inches, and terminate in a cell which wili be found filled with the cut
leaves and small stems. They are especially destructive to anything like
coffee planted at even distances. Leaving the ground covered with
weeds does not save the cultivated plants which they select. A space of
three acres planted with rubber plants (Manihot Glaziovii) over whieh
"weeds were allowed to grow, had to be replanted three times this year.”
In 1891, specimens of this insect received from the African Associa»
tion, Limited, were reported on to the Royal Gardens by Mr. R.
McLachlan; F.R. S., as follows :—-
**The ‘cricket’ is known by modern PU Mt as Brachytrypus
membranaceus, Drury (= Gryllus | membranaceus, : Drury votic
Entomology, 1773), and it appears to occur over the whol on tropical
Africa... In 1804 Adam Afzelius in a pamphlet published jè, Upsala in
Sweden, entitled, Achetae Guinenses, but. which I have not seen,
described it as Acheta vastatria. Judging from the specific name its
destructive popon had then already been recognise
** [t ia * mole-ericket, but belongs to another section of the
same mily (Gryllide).
* As ial measures, [ think much must mo 9 upon the habits
of the Gabe as observed by those in charge loca Your suggestion
as to irrigation sounds as if it might ee ae » driving the insects
-above ground where they could be destroyed. Irrigating also by means
of dilute paraffin, or the ae em "tm in vogue as à remedy
inane many injurious inseets, might ried.
* [f the gravid female i nsects could be nio jd before they have laid
their eggs, or if the very young — could be got at soon after their
appearance from the egg, much good of a preventive kind would be
done. E hese points almost diet depends upon the local
observer
^ The Todi no doubt does not confine its attention to any particular
ies of tree or plant, therefore constant attention will be necessary,
or, at any rate, during a certain period in each year
It is evident that this is particularly a case where more local . observa-
tion is needed, It would be desirable to have further. information on
the following points: whether the adults fly ; what the kakim $h -—
young are; whether they migrate on foot from place to place o
the crop only where they are hatched. If the species is not epai
it ight probably be met as Mr. McLachlan suggests, by irrigation, or
possibly by digging trenches into which — can fall and from which
they can be collected. ome
189
In the-case of the mole-cricket the > digging out of the nests — the
act
: . Should, however, the:species migrate from place to place and tieval
on foot, it can probably be kept off any crop which is not previo
infested, surrounding the cultivated urea with a ditch containing
"water an nd wide enough not to be jumped over, or, as is successfully
with boards just so high that they cannot be jumped, and furnished on
the outside with a tin “ gutter,” z.e., a strip of tin nailed along the top
so as to project obliquely outwards and downwards. Plants such as
coffee can be protected by surrounding them when quite young with a
tin can with the bottom knocked out, , unless, like the ener cricket, the
insect burrows from below. This method is in use in Flo
3. LEPIDOPTERA.
Caterpillars injurious to coffee :—T wo species have been received in
spirit from Mr. Punch, who writes of the first: “ This ue i (A)
moth about 3 in. long. I think the moth works at night, as I have
never seen one free, only such as I have reared in boxes
The eggs of this insect are oblong and are laid touching side by side
in a characteristic ribbon-like band.
The full-grown caterpillar is some two inches long (exclusive of the
posterior horn). The he is small and notched on the summit, the
body is cylindrical, rather elongate and tapering behi pi the first three
segments behind the head are large and inflated, there are four pairs of
prolegs in the middle of the body. (segs. 6-9 epi “of the head).
‘The last segment bears a very long, slender backwardly-directed horn,
Zin. or more in length, and the posterior prolegs (claspers) on it are
aborted and rudimentary, so that the larva probably sits with its hinder
portion raised in the air. According to Mr. Punch, the caterpillar is
uniformly green whéli young, dull, with the swollen portion behind the
head shining. When older it develops dark-eoloured markings, the
principal of these consist of a marbled pe meh n; back, anda
stripe on each side of the two hinder Mimi is déntat ned
in a long thin cijarsbapéd silk cocoon edin s pe Ar leaf rolled up
lengthwise.
^t is not possible to identify this insect, as the moth has not been
sent. Pessibly it is one of the Notodontidae, or else allied to the true
silkworm moth, approaching such a genus as
'The second cater pillar sent is a little smaller, not swollen behind the
head nor tapering severe the hind claspers are well formed ‘and
the horn is smaller, sharper, and recurved upwards at the tip. -Itis
lighter iu colour, with a single row of small black specks along each
side above the spiracles, mA — when alive has not been recorded by
Mr, Punch, who says of it: “This caterpillar is of similar tastes, and
‘while very destructive to individual trees is -— found | singly [? on
scattered so harmful."
"details as yet recorded of the: life-history: of these caterpillars
give any clue towards treatment. On general grounds shaking-down,
190
or collecting the caterpillars, or spraying with an arsenical compound
would suggest themselves, but the adoption of any plan must depend on
local conditions and further study. Mr. Punch also writes: “ The two
beetles sent are enemies of the caterpillars and are, I think, increasing.
They are furnished with beaks which they drive into the "caterpillars
and suck them dry, the dry skins being noticeable on the leaves. When
many such skins are common it usually vetokens a temporary cessation
of the pest, which, however, breaks out again. There is no specia
time of the year for it. The pest stated in the S.E. corner of the farm
and spread it in a N. W. direction. Subsequent attacks have shown
a similar tendency.
The * beetles” in question have proved to be examples of two species
of bugs, Fam. Scutelleride, many of which are well gy nown to possess
such habits. Unfortunately no effective way of reasing their
numbers can be suggested. The facts as to the director i in which the
pest spreads brent important, but their meaning can only be worked
out on the spot.
4. Coccip.E.— Scale insects.
Two species of scale insect found on coffee have been sent by
Mr.Punch. One is a species of Ceroplastes, with an irregular soie bit
star-shaped waxy scale (test) ; the other is a Lecanium ; ; the former
appears to be of little importance but the Lecunium, according to
Mr. Punch, may be injurious.
treatment against these scale insects is required and can be
profitably undertaken, it must take the form of spraying with kerosene
emulsion or some such compound.
5. SPECIES UNDETERMINED.
Mr. Punch has sent :—
l. Some minute larve which he says “cause ribbon-like marks on
the upper surface of leaves, by running a gallery between the epidermis
and the ground tissue. It apparently does no harm
Beyond the fact that this leaf init appears to be dipterous, there is
nothing to be said about it.
2. A series of small elongate narrow cocoon-like structures placed
side by side and attached by their extremity to a piece of bark. These
are shrivelled, hard, brittle, and homogeneous. The incomplete account
sent with them states that * the pupe > adhere in lines as in the specimen
to the vascular bundles. Layers are thus formed, closely imbricated,
and on their development the stem is burst open longitudinally and the
plant dies down to the place affected. At present four or tive trees
only have been affected, but while starting from the tree attacked last
year, the radius of the "circle of trees affected is wider. ‘The fission of
stems occurs in the months July and August. Usually the cell con-
taining the insect opens at its extremity, but I note that those which
have opened since leaving Africa have done re longitudinally. The
am unable to determine what kind of insect has formed these
cocoons, and Mr. Punch’s account gines no clue. On the whole, it
ost probable that it is dipterou
S hel isot ve referred to as having sers hatched were present in the
slide in some numbers. ‘They are an extremely minute form, about 4;
of an inch in length, and at first sight resemble a thrips. The antenne,
-J91
however, are not those of a torini but are elbowed and. clubbed ; the
specimens are not preserved so as to admit of careful examination, but
they. appear to be a hymenopterous aes probably of the family
Mymaride.
Both the cocoons and the supposed parasites appear to be of some
interest, and it is a pity that the scantiness of the material does not
allow a more thorough examination to be made.
(Signed) WALTER F. H. Branprorp.
DLVII.—FRUIT-GROWING AT THE CAPE.
The following interesting paper on the possibilities of the fruit
industry in Cape Colony has been communicated to Kew the
Government Botanist, Professor MacOwan. It affords a striking
eae of the resources of a country where “ all the fruits and crops of
warmer temperate zone grow to perfection.” This information is
c
LM
. 15-19), and gives in an expanded form with greater detail the facts
already given iu the volume for 1893 (pp. 8-11).
* At the cera moment there are in every ‘tines irr for
enterprise in various kinds of petite culture, opening
never existed here within the memory of man. It is x as sif one had
to speculate upon the chances of perishable produce being got across
the line and placed upon English markets in saleable condition. But
for everything that a man can grow to a moderate de perfection,
there is an unfailing market just some forty or fifty ee distant from
the coast, and the rail to expedite it all the way. It is said to be well
fora man to have two strings to his bow. The up-eountry market
is the Cape growers’ first string, the export trade in fruit is the other.
All the special appliances required for both lines of the enterprise are
already provided. The steamship companies supply cold-storage on their
vessels. A local firm has prepared refrigerating chambers for goods
awaiting shipment. It would seem, therefore, that the only cement
We want them from England, from the States, from California, in fact
from anywhere where the skill and experience Date run for years
into everyday practice. This is the immigration wanted just now at the
Cape, to catch at the opportunity of the moment, and to turn skilled fruit-
growing into gold. No question that success awaits the man who knows
a to syn with Hate to voccm his ground kid properly, to drain,
o gather, k for eic up-country, or for seria in
'U 98278. B
192
the furrow, rai generally speaking, to constitute a Cape orchard. So
long as the owner had fruit for his own table during the season he was
setisfied. The idea of growing fine choice fruits of named pedigree Wes
in order to send them to market, attractively packed, so as to suit t
dessert tables of well-to-do townsfolk who hed no gardens, never entered ;
his mind. Do you want fruit of him? Then you must buy it as
favour, and he would ‘spare it to you,’ and you come could nit
expect to get it twice, much less regular ly through the se Yet he
would take the money, showing that the commercial enue! was not
de he wonder is that so few ever turned to with a will, and put into
fruit-culture the labour, energy, and forethought that go to make a
successful business. Things are a little better now. ‘There are a few
men, three times as many as there used to ke, who now grow fruit to the
perfection possible in this perfect climate, and all they send to market is
eagerly bought up either for local ccnsumption among the higher classes
or for export to England. but they may be counted on one's fingers, in
place of being numbered by hundreds, aud scattered all over the country.
Then you will say, With what is the ordinary market supplied? "Truly
with fruit of the poorest Lada PR produet of seedlings instead of
grafted trees—bastard refuse, without a name and without a single quality
to recommend it. It looks as if it had grown itself, and this it mostly
has. The ruling condition of the fruit, such as it i is, is worsened by utter
ignorance of proper packing and transit. Much of it is shaken down and
tumbled into old paraffin cases and jolted to market in a springless
‘start a feforis , but there are several causes operating. in the o
direction. ‘There are the antiquated conservative ways of the small
farmer at the Cape, arising out of the comparative isolation in which he
lives, and which only bas been broken in upon this last year or two by
the establishment of fruit-growers’ petrol in their very midst,
through which an effective interchange of ideas has been brought about,
these excellent associations sprang up, mainly through ru em
activity and personal influence, it was difficult to find a market garden
who took in a garden periodical, or cared to learn what was done d in
other countries, Another cause materially checking the desire to im-
prove the output is the immense demand that exists for cheap coarse
fruit and windfall rubbish among the coloured populace of Cape Town.
To them, so that the fruit is dirt cheap, it does not matter how dirty it
is, nor are they disgusted at seeing the same baskets which brought the
fruit to town piled i up among the stable manure the cart takes back in
the afternoon. In no other publie of fruit consumers is quality so little
thought of, and hence the producer has been satisfied to grow crops
from seedling trees which are only fit for MERC They sell somehow,
so why should he trouble himself to produce a better article? How-
ever, things are on the mend. It may be a long time before really
ood or even middling fruit reaches the level of the street hawker, but
He knows good fruit at sight if anyone does, and his determination to |
have it grown clean, ripened exactly to the export point, gathe
UNE See As d cele LESE
CU SORE CTS eas S eS (ie Mae ERE oP EMINUS ERROR AAE
193
delicately, and graded - size, will do more towards teaching fruit-culture
than a legion of expert
“ It is, therefore, "im at this CUM gage of args ie D English
fruit.grower who now despairs of ng pro t home is invited to
come to the Cape and take his onimi by ae for elock. Tti is a pity,
too, that the foreign capital which comes Capewards goes mostly into
mining stock. It were well if some of it were invested in the healthier
industry of fruit-eulture. Perhaps ere long the one or two meng
which have already got into working order will form an example to
other companies and friendly competitors in a trade which is practically
illimitable.
* We have said that all the sae i appliances for a growing export
fruit trade have been initiated he It is not therefore as if new-
comers, throwing their practical GREG eo and their little eapital into
Cape init growing, would find difficulties in the outlet for their
clever and enterprising American grov The seasons fall conversely
with those of England. Jonsequently t the only competitors in our
special line and special time of exporting will be the Australians, who,
however, are heavily handicapped by a one-third greater distance from
England.
“This general arrangement must not be taken too absolutely. The
seasons on the two sides of the Colony, west and east, are differentiated
much as are those of India, by the rainfall occurring conversely. In
fact, the Cape is a monsoon countr y, the west having its maximum
rainfall i in winter, while the east has it in the warmer "months There
is this peculiarity also in the east, that there are two maxima, namely,
the November or spring rains, and the autumn rains in pre uary.
* From these peculiarities arise important results in frait-growing.
The most striking is the the limitation of unio pe fitable wine,
grape, and raisin produetion to the Western Province, which possesses
the necessary hot and dry summers for the proper ripening of the fruit
reduced to a bets of Bope aii yn it is tate h if mrt
statement, subject to € and ste an «iei bes ent pe
niae conditions. For ample, results have been obtained in
the somewhat intennodisie climate of the Karoo, particularly at Graaf
aint and its neighbourhood. The total rainfall eae ia the
Karoo averages low, say 16 to 19 inches annually, as compared with 28
to eA — in Siren normal eastern region. But the pulë holds good in a
general way, a lance at Gamble’s diagrams of rainfall, where the
curve is plotted p a large number of places, so as to be readily com-
parable by tne eye, will enable one to determine where viticulture on a
large scale ıs climatically favoured, and where it will present speci
difficulties. In the former case the rain eurve for January, February,
and co e ripening and vintage mo OR at or below
the best examples of local eastern exceptions to the he rule. But
even here grapes will have to be tended with very mueh greater care
R 2
194
and intelligence than seems to be necessary westaway. The great
difficulty will assuredly be the general prevalence of anthracnose, or:
black-spot, as it is i EA Rie na (Sphaceloma ampelinum, De By).
This plague, though far from being comparable in mischief to the
Peronospora of the vine, which luckily we have not Set imported, is
still an enemy to be reckoned with, and it will be necessary that all
eastern vineyards be assiduously treated by spraying with Bordeaux
mix as a preventive of the scourge. There is little dE that
success will attend the proper application of this remedy, just as has-
been proved to be the case in Europe. But the additional died for
skilled labour in its use will hea avily handicap the eastern producer,
especially if he should incautiously cultivate the more cane Me
of vine, say, for instance, the Cape western Haanepoot, kno
-elsewhere as Muscat of Alexandria, a sort which is pestieubalr liable
to the attacks of Anthracnose.
* New comers to a country who have been accustomed to the class of
grape which is seen upon English dessert tables, will be surprised to find
that nothing has ever been done at the Cape at all comparable to the
minute care which grapes receive at home under glass = the hands of
skilled —À who have made this fruit a special study. As we
have them, the grapes are fairly good, and up to size on the outside of
the bunch, ws by earelessness and want of proper thinning, they are
not half-grown or half-coloured in the middle. The plan has been to
- grow grapes for wine and for the. table. in Al same vineyard, and with
the same low average of attention. That is to say, the table grapes.
have practically grown themselves, instead oes ch buneh having been
(the subject of individual inspection and treatment with the thinning
scissors. Perhaps some skilled gardener, who knows what a dessert
bunch of atapo should look like, may find it worth while to show what
can be done in this country, where the climate reuders his glass-house
and hot water pipes unnecessary. Certain it is there is no la
Pene folk here who will buy grapes of English hot-house type a
heir full value. utatis mutandis, much the same thing may be said
of other fruits, peaches and pears particularly, Our growers have ha
no high standard to work up to, and have been too easily satisfied.
The comments of Covent Garden salesmen upon picked Cape samples
have certainly opened their eyes somewhat, and given them to see that
the fruit which has been taken as first rate, levels down to scarce a
which nature pobre A only the raw mater
n western markets, January gives the last of the strawberries and
aprieots which have been to hand for some five or six weeks previously.
_ The earlier sorts of grapes, pears, and apples according to kind, also the
earlier peaches, plums, and figs, fill up the list. From the conditions of
the elimate it is rather a cultural eae to try and hurry things by
planting what are known in Europe as as early-fruit sorts. Cape conditions
are much more XAR to perfection in the later kinds, at least in sue
parts. of the country as - upon the first piston. pacto iniand all
round the coast... Further up-country on the cond and the
immense Pint plateau, which reaches a level of Sora ne
-to 5000 i alte t
©
E
n
et
So
7s
un
ma-
E
M
de
E
g
zE
©
"08
E
B
expected dont the growth of early sorts. at this bg is potios
interfered with by the tardier approac spring a
a dry winter's cold. The results of the pe mc “en
195
is decidedly against pter with i sorts in the hope — of
catching the e high prices asked in an early ma
"IN February the better sorts of apples, pe Biota and nectarines com
forward; and a glance at these will show conclusively that they ree
main y late Eu ropean Dm es, and accentuate the caution we have given
‘against early sorts, at least for "market supply on the large scale. Grapes’
and Hare) are becoming plentiful, and begin to acquire their proper
distinctive fla vour, unless they have, as is often the case, been spoiled by
inj judicious 1 irrigation. The fruits of keeping quality are now approaching
the season for picking. As a rule they are left too long upon the tree
for want of two things; first, want of practical knowledge of the precise
degree of growth at Mira: to take them, so that they shall best develope
the richness and fl r that come by keeping ; and ger want o
something like a A ABIS fruit store, where they can be laid oüt
properly, inspected daily, and kept at even cores Mir It is pitiable
to see good keeping sorts huddled up in boxes, a bushel or more together,
in a galvanised iron shed open to the light and the weather, and varying
in temperature daily from 80° to 90° at noon to 48° or 50° at night.
This is another matter in which we want some pardon" missionary to
come over and teach us a gospel of better things.
“ In this month and in March begins the first drying season,—that is
to say, fruit-drying in the sun, as opposed to fruit-evaporating, the more
practical, more cleanly, manageable, and time-saving plan. ready
fruits have quite fetched up to the already high standard of the raisins
produced in the Worcester district. The only reason why these products
are unknown outside the boundaries of the c olony is that the amount
cons locally in the colony. The output is not a hun part of
what it should be, and what could readily be absorbed by the Cape
co n so stand in the
fruit pulp Moi to make * Cape jams," rests with the coming
race of fruit-growers whom we hope to attract to the country and help
us to put a little Tife and stimulus into our easy-going, lotus-eating lives.
n Cape Town. e fore the diio bayer collate it all. Is it
fici clear Bu our production kas yet to expand itself into wholesale
proportions ? Another retailer, on examining an exceptionally good
sample of dried figs that | ran the imported * Elemi” ‘article very close,
offered the producer an Elemi price. Picture his disgust on being
advised that the total stock produced that year amounted to only sia
boxes. And so with the prunes. We are content to a continental
of ‘Prunes d'Agen' and ‘Prunes d'Ente* year after year,
wW laug
with present dE ois at the Cape, with family grocers mug dp all
the raisins that a whole district produces, with farmers content with a
196
dried fig crop which a man could carry on his shoulder, there must be a
good many fair fortunes lying about loose at the Cape, and only waiting
for some one with moderate commercial instincts, industry. and business
capacity to come over and appropriate them to himself.
e March, of all the months of the year, shows the barest fruit market,
at least in the way of fresh kinds putting in an appearance then. The
mes are chiefly €: BPP es and pears of the keeping sorts, and these,
n they come to sale, bear plentiful testimony to the rough way in
which they have te handled and stored. The outside skin is ‘seratched,
discoloured, and far from appetising. Ere long me dealers will learn
that fruit ripened i in the storehouse must receive Se and handling
somewhat different from that which is accorded to the or crop o
tat few peaches of late kinds come in ena enerally secure
gece prices. For the most part these are seedlings that ivi originated
ere many years ago and, though fairly good, belong unfortunately to
the series of clings tones, ere is an opening for considerable improve-
and no doubt with a continued demand for fruits by name the dealers
will gradually learn something more about the details of their trade
than at present they seem to think at all necessary. ‘The month closes
with the last of the grapes.
* April, May, and June present few novelties. The guavas of man many
seedling kinds fill up a place which is hardly warranted by the intrinsic
value of the fruit as at present grown. We have them from the insig-
nificant bulk of a gooseberry to that of middle-sized apples. But ve
little attention has been given to culture, and still less to improvement of
sorts. It may be said that the guava, as grown here, is often practically
a wildling, and it would be well if nineteen out of twenty of them were
destroyed, and selected grafted plants put in to take their place. Some
day we shall get rid of the mass of bony seeds which fills up the centre
of the market guava, and shall aim at making it a more presentable fruit.
Walnuts and chestnuts now make their appearance. The former ora
not received fair play. They, too, have been propagated in our careles
Cape way by seedlings, and it is only within the last twenty months or
so that the fine imported sorts, in which the French growers have ha
dem success, have been brought into the country. The remainder of the
supply of these months is from Natal, whence our market is flooded with
small eye itd and bananas. The ormer are remarkable mo being
197
grows wild without care or culture. The jam factories are, however,
already increasing their output of it, and E it worth while for
ple to undertake its production as a petite cu
* With the last days of June and the first of. Ju aij come in the whole
tribe of citrus fruits, orange, lemon, naartje or tangerine, and pample-
mousse. From the variations of climate and altitude which have been
signalised at the beginning of this article, it follows that these fru
hold their place on the market continuously till December, their peculiar
them comparatively easy of transport from long distances. The locally
grown fruit is perhaps at its best in October, —that is to say, it can then
be picked and marketed perfectly Tipe vut of gathering. it green and
trusting it to slow ripening in the store-room. Perhaps in of no
mit more than these has the dE A mind (SEL Em harshly awakened
the necessity of improvement, and discarding the wretched seedling
cabbie full of pips and cased in the thickest of skins, which has for
many years encumbered our markets. The importations of poor grafted
trees of the best sorts have been very numerous; and if the cultural
conscience can only be aroused to the necessity of a Praa pie
against the scale- insects, which up till now have had it all their own way,.
and also the necessity of giving orchard trees something like fair play
u
fruit-growing. ‘The great desideratum is that the spirited proprietor
shall himself grow the oranges, instead of leaving them to row them-
selves. At present our largest supply, in Cape Town at least, comes
from Natal, and it is not par ticularly uut The best Cape grown
oranges are from the district of Clanwilliam.
‘‘ October brings with it the Japanese now another fruit which calls
for selective improvement. There is as yet far too much pip and too
£ :
things. These should certainly be increased by grafting, as far as
possible, instead of reverting to the chance seedling mode of getting
new trees.
* With November come in the earlier figs and the strawberry. "There.
is a future for the fig, and its selected Cape home and centre of drying
for a uw purposes will p be somewhere in the Karoo. It
is true that we have not, native, any inseets similar to the Me fein
which inicia in the per fecting of the celebrated Smyrna fig. But int
days of quick steam communication it is not impossible to introduce this
useful insect, just as we have successfully acclimati-ed the Vedalia. As to
Siehe te the selection of sorts, grown chiefly at Stellenbosch, is very
limited, and ‘modes of culture anything but modern. Asa rule, the beds
re "Rma to continue production for far too many oe and the
fruit consequently deteriorates, losing both size and succulenee. New
blood and new ideas, with the habit of modern practice in strawberry-
growing, as it is done in Kent and Surrey for the great London markets,
is very mush wanted at the Cape. The demand for the frnit is.
practically unlimited. The month closes with the early riesce aud
this de icious fruit queens it right through. December. If 0 ur growers.
would only learn the first principles of pruning this far too Based
growins r fruit tree, keep its bountiful nature well under control, and
thin its bearing to something like one-half, then truly would the Cape
have such apricots as no other place in the world could show
r reads this little resumé, and begins to turn over in his mind
dis idea of ciii out to the Cape to utilise there his practical knowledge
198
of European fruit-growing, will naturally ask what conveniences already
exist in the way of supply of orchard stock. Every practical man would
hesitate to bring out with him a lot of grafted trees, selected as best he
could, for a country he had not even seen, and of whose climate and soil
he had rienee, But very recently there have been introduced
into the Colony large numbers of the very best modern fruit-sorts of all
kinds, by men who have themselves comete learned - capacity and
conditions of the Cape as a fruit-growing country, and it is not too much
to say iret by their industrious máltiplication of these picked kinds, the
mark st-class orchard stuff is now amply supplied. There is no
reason now for continuing the old system of seedlings, unless out of
pure wrong-headedness and refusal to take up with improved methods.
So friendly is the climate here to the skilled manipulations of €
nurserym ae that first-class grafted yearlings can be obtained at price
not great *tha os those ruling in England, and thoroughly reliable "
pengi ock. To import for oneself on coming out to the Ca
would certainly Taveive the loss of a season, to say nothing of difficulties
in the way of immediately finding ground wherein to set out the con-
signment. Immigrants of the kind one would so gladly see spreading
Uilbséon over the best districts of the Colony, each with his market-
orchard grown and tended in the way that means business and sound
profits, would be wise not to start at once, but to spy out the try
first for m md and for themselves see what our grapes of Eshcol
are like, take stock of us and our little old-fashioned ways and con-
servative habits 0 - Perl gf and then only, when the land was no longer
, and t ss climatic eonditi have become familiar, to
éxpiott their ea ware some selected fertile piece of land, and add to
the wealth of their pen country by successfully adding to their
* A brief memorandum like the present cannot by any means give all
the information that an English fruit-grower would find useful when he
is thinking of looking out for fresh fields and pastures new. It would be
well to note carefully the details to be found in the Z//ustrated Handbook
of the Cape. But perhaps the best idea of the way cultural matters go
on here, and the peculiar conditions of Cape rural life, would be obtained
by consulting the issues of the Cape Agricultural Journal, now in its
ninth volume, At the basis of all calculations lies the fact that the
Government, unlike those of Australia and New Zealand, have no
available acreage out of which they can make free grants to new-comers,
and this is simply because the Colony dates back some two centuries
before the time when the sister Colonies began to be exploited by the
intrusive European. All available land, at least within colonial
bou ida; has long ago been taken u and is in private possession.
d r tenancy at a moderate rent is —— a prime factor in all
recasts of: new cultural ventures. Suitable land, even such as has never
felt the plough, but is simply sat upon by the proprietor, and goes with
his ure area, would sell at about 107. per morgen of two acres,
provided it were within easy reach of a market by railway. The ren
would perhaps be 10s. to 12s. per morgen. Mere wheatlands would
unlimited scope, but its market is yet to be made. Also it is only near
the larger centres of population in the south-west that labourers can be
found who have even a small degree of skill in the ruder operations of
cultural work, Coloured men, the descendants of the old slave popula-
tion, with a considerable amount of miscegenation, can be relied npon to -
199
trench, dig, and hoe orchard and vineyard, ‘to pate rt harrow, and to
give the vines their annual prunings, an them have even
rodtiitly learnt to graft with fair success. Of ott “all this is subject to
a vigilant supervision, and subject also to the fact that the labourer's
wants are so very few as to make him somewhat e Md He
E
with rations for self and family. As a rule these last are rfectly
unreliable, and are unaequainted with the use of other than the simplest
uana tools.
** In conclusion, y is highly advisable for any one intending to try fruit-
culture at the Cape to bank his capital on arrival, and arrange to receive
the colonial rate of interest, meanwhile seeking out a situation with
some one who is already owner of the land upon which he lives This
wo the best course, even if no salary and nothing but board were
— in the way of remuneration for services rendered. In a short
e experience in Cape ways and Cape seasons w would thus be gained,
d the land. spied out. It is much. fiae this fashion that the best and
wealthiest pom among us have worked their way in and up. The
uropean coming from an English farm and makin i
without e knowledge, has much to learn and unlearn, or he will
inevitably come to grief in a few years. And what is true of the larger
venture of quens is even more certain with the somewhat more refined
economy of the orchard.
“ The Ghowas details as to the export of fruit from the port of Cape
Town during the season of 1894 is drawn from the Customs returns. It
is impossible to say accurately what proportion this bears to the quantity
sent up to the ever ready market of the Transvaal, but in the opinion of
those qualified to judge it has already been tripled or quadrupled.
RETURN OF FRUITS EXPORTED DURING THE SEASON 1893-94.
Sorts of Fruits. December. | E-M February. | March. | April. | Total.
Apples - - . vsum | ne 89 41 50 180
Apricots - a ee 12 | 12 ats is i 24
Gooseberries ~ E — — 1 tad & 1
Graps — - 0c — 443 3,139 1,800 | 901 6,283
Grenadilas .. - - = 1 —. =... uml, d pile:
Melona «nii oiii: ctc beides «| co Ep oat ty uo
Nectarines - Pu m as 4 19 — f= 23
Pears - - - ger — 175 164 43 982
Peaches . - m A a 530 46 <n TO 576
Pineapples E E — Á— — rj — 1
Plums - E o^ — — 1 - i L
Quinees * be . ms me pe 30 1 si
Tomatoes - a, — 13 43 Él a 57
Total. packages - 12 1,007 3,626 2,043.1 995 7,083
Declared yale 4 4 ig 7 6| 74 9 0| £6 6 3| £4 [m 2 9”
200
DLVIII.—CANAIGRE.
(Rumex hymenosepalus, Torr.)
The history of this new tanning material was given in two previous
articles in hod Kew Bulletin (1890, pp. 63-69, and 1894, pp. 167—168).
re was given in 1895 in the Botanical Magazine (t. 7433).
Keesing t to the following extract from the Report for 1896 on the
Trade and Agriculture of California (Foreign Office 1897, Annal No.
1922), it is rapidly making its way as a tanning material for light leather.
* Canaigre is the American corruption of the Spanish ** cana agria,"
sour cane, It is also called ** Yerba-Colorado” in Mexico, localisms
being “red dock” “tanner’s dock," and “wild rhubarb.” The best
way to Propagate the plant is by use of small roots rather than by seed.
About 1,000 Ibs. of tubers will plant an acre, and October and November
are the best months for putting in the crop, though where irrigation can
be practised, planting may be done at any time. The value of canaigre
as a tanning agent, either alone or in connexion with e tannins, has
been proved beyond question. For light leather it gives great tensile
hemlock. It isa quick tanner, and the yellow colour absorbed by the
hide in the process of tanning is considered highly desirable for certain
leathers. The sliced and dried tubers, containing an average of 30 per
cent. of tannic acid, are worth from 8. to 9l. per ton. A yield of from
seven to 10 tons per acre would give 24 to 31 tons of the dried cone
for which there is a constant demand in Europe and America, [nas
as the plant grows wild in this vieinity, and the seed roots are mee
obtained, the industry commends itself to the farmer of l means, as
it is harvested in such a short period after planting."
DLIX.—EXTRACTION OF GUTTA PERCHA FROM
LEA 3
The following communication supplements the information already
given in the Kew Bulletin (1891, pp. 231-239).
Extract from letter from Director * Gardens and Forest Depart-
ment, Straits Settlements, to Roya — Kew, dated Botanic
Gardens, — (— 18, 18
The leaves are imported in sacks dry from Borneo and Johore. Most
of the trees are overcut in Singapore, and there are no more leaves left,
I hear. The leaves and twigs cost four dollars and a half a picul
(189 lbs.) They are then put, damped with hot water, into a rolling
machine, tw orking against each other, which grind them to
pow vid. The powder is thrown into tanks of water and shaken about.
'The gutta floats in the form of a green mealy-looking stuff, is lifted out
by fine copper T nets, € in warm water m: pressed into moulds.
m the leaves, and the
] do not know how long it will last, on account of the difficulty of
procuring leaves, which must, I think, sooner or E stop the trade.”
201
DLX.—WINE PRODUCTION IN FRANCE.
In the Report on the trade of Bordeaux for the year 1896 (Foreign
Office, Annual Series, 1897, No. 1916), which has been communicated to
Kew by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a striking picture is
drawn of the effects. i vu phylloxera on the wine production of
France, and of the vari expedients which have been resorted to to
make up thé ciega in Foia ion.
ANNUAL PRODUCTION.
« The annual wine production of France, : during the 25 years
preceding the year 1879 amounted on the rage to 1,100,000,000
gallons, a quantity sufficing both for the wants "i home consumption in
this country and for those of the export trade to foreign countries
(about 65,000,000 to 75,000,000 gallons per annum), has since that
time (in eonsequence of the ravages of the phylloxera and other vine
iseases, as well as of ne atmospheric influences during many
years) declined to an average annual yield of about 725,000,000 gallo ons,
a falling-off, therdiung " about 375 ,000,000 gallons per annum
“ [n order to meet this deficiency France, as is we "— has been
obliged to import Temm foreign (more — -— = , Italian,
Portuguese, and Dalmatian) wines, which are to s tent sold in
their nag Re state, but the far larger proportion are pedo p blending
with the light French wines of the commonest class. hese blended
Franco-foreign wines a ready market, as th ns
France. On the other hand, however, the dearth of the cheapest kind
of French wines, which in € times were T enough to be
obtained even, by the modest purse, has given rise to a great
development of the odia oi of artificial Me ipee from raisins
and other grape substitutes), ar these find a ready market, especially
amongst those poorest classes the population who look more to the
low price than to the quality "of the liquor, of which they are accus-
tomed to drink a large quantum. That in the Gironde, for instance,
this daily quantum of wine is considerable amongst both the poorer and
wealthier inhabitants is evident from the fact that the average annual
consumption of wine per head of the population in this department
amounts to 32°34 gallons.
ARTIFICIAL WINES.
* Though the importation of foreign wines and the manufacture of
artificial wines had the natural effect of keeping the prices of the
genuine French product on the whole at a low figure, their competition
was not so seriously felt and complained of mc the wine growers and
merchants of this country so long as the supply of such foreign or
artificial wines kept within the limits iiy required for m the
deliciency in French production.
* But of recent years the a and sale of artificial wines in
France, ell as the importation o wines, have experienced
such an js coal enm that, the pee French article is
wre being driven of the market, and wine growers and merchants
every year find iba more and more difficalt if not ipii to dispose
202
of their accumulating stocks of red and white wines: of good Rosi.
Considering, moreover, that the majority of French vineyard owners
have, during the last 15 years, Spares no trouble and (when they could.
afford it) no expense in combating the many vine diseases, and, if
necessary, in replanting the devastated vineyards, and that the sacrifices
flooding of the markets of France and also foreign countries with
foreign or artificial imitations of French wines must create considerable
dissatisfaction amongst both vineyard owners and wine merchants in
Bordeaux and other prominent wine-producing districts of this country.
The French Government have, during the past year, in Sensei et,
been strongly urged by the wine merchants and vine eyard owners of the
been introduced.
PHYLLOXERA.
" M idea ofthe extent of the widespread damage caused by the
hylloxera since its first appeara mce 17 years ago, in the more or less
the fact that of the aggregate area of land planted with vines in the
Gironde in the year 1879, which is officially estimated at 450,000 acres,
only 81,820 aeres have (ow ving apparently to the silicious nature of the
soil) entirely escaped the incursion of this noxious parasite. The total
area of the vineyards which have been more or less serfously infested
has, up to this date, reached 368,200 acres. Of this large infested area
104,310 acres haye been uprooted and replanted with American and
co-American vines which are abie to resist the attacks of the phyl-
loxera; 49,807 acres of vines are subjected to a continuous preventive
treatment which Slate the phylloxera from extending its dest structive
work, and 100,950 acres are, owing to the inability or unwillingness of
the owners to defray the heavy cost of combating it, left to its mercy,
and suffer of course seriously in their productiveness. But the remain-
ing 114,100 acres of vine-growing land infested by the phylloxera since
1879 are no longer cultivated with vines, and are now either lying waste
or have been converted into grass land.
* Thus the aggregate area of vineyards under cultivation in the Gironde
at the beginning of the year 1896 was only 336,900 acres; figures
showing a very large diminution compared with those given above for
2 y moreover also show a small failing-off, namely of 8,375
red with the figures for 1895, which was due to the fact that
whilst 12,410 aeres of diseased and unproductive vines were uprooted in
1895-96, ‘the area of fresh vine plantations reached only 4,035 acres. ..
T Amongst the 336,900 aeres of vineyards existing in this Department
at the commencement of last year 104,310 acres consisted (as above
stated) in fresh plantations g gradually made since the date of the first
appearance of the phylloxera ; of Advi. fresh plantations 5,212 acres
were in American direct-producing vines, but by far the larger proportion,
viz., about 98,000 acres, consisted in American vines grafted with |
203
French plants. The extent of fresh plantations with these Franco-
merican vines has, of late years, been and is still steadily increasing,
whilst peer of direct- producing American vines are being gradually less
resorted t tis, however, pointed out by competent viticulturists that
in spite of the success obtained by the former, great care should never-
theless be taken to select the right species of American vines fi
grafting upon, for if this be not don ne, the renthal success of the
operation (though the- first results may appear satisfactory) must be
uncertain.
“ The considerable expense of the preventive treatment of the vines (in
f combating the phylloxera is indeed to uproot the infested
b vineyards and to recultivate them with American vines grafted with
** There can now be no doubt that owing to the considerable increase in
the value of a vineyard, consisting of vines which are thus not only able
to resist the inroads of the phylloxera, but which are extremely produc-
tive, proprietors would in ordinary conditions soon find themselves repaid
for their first outlay and trouble, "Unfortunately, there is the existing
difficulty, the competition of foreign and artificial wines, a cireumstance
which will render unprofitable, not to say disheartening, these and other
efforts on the part of the sorely tried growers towards i improving their
property and increasing their wine produc ion
* It may be here observed that the total actual pecuniary loss caused ùp
to the present time to the vineyard owners of the Gironde Department by
the ravages of the phylloxera, arising both from a diminution i in the area
and the productiveness of vine growing land, is estimated at about
26,000,0007., and that of the total cost ineurred in poormirfe the
deyastated vineyards as well as in combating the Sprang of the phyl-
loxera. at about 6,000,000/., thus showing an aggregate loss of about
3 il. to the viticulturists i in this department alone. If the loss
and expense oceasioned by the phylloxera in all other wine-producing
departments of France were added, itis probable that a total estimate
considerably exceeding 100,000 0001. would be reached."
OTHER VINE DISEASES.
“The phased and preventive treatment of the | vines. wit th the
* Bouillie bordelaise ' (see Kew Pm 1888, 271), which with very
few exceptions nues now becom anding practice amongst growers,
had the desired effect of ingen nas vineyards free from mildew, a
disease feared at one time almost as much as the phylloxera itself. On
the other hand the kindred pest called blackrot showed itself in many
parts of the Gironde, though the damage done by it was, in consequence
of preventive treatment taken by growers, not so serious in 189 ap as had
been feared. Though the use of the * Bouillie bordelaise’ as preven
tive against — is of considerable value, no thoro e: etioneions
remedy nst this disease appears, in spite of continued elabora
Demande, io have yet been discovered,"
204
DLXI.--UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The development and organisation of the most Maior tant botanical
institutions of other nations is of e especial —— o Kew, which is
cj www brought into close relations with them
The following account of the United States National Herbarium at
Washington, by Mr. F. V. Coville, Chief Botanist to the United States
Government, is therefore reprinted from the Botanical Gazette for
November 1896 (pp. 418—420) :—
T view of an evident laek of correct information regarding the
t change in the custody of the National Herbarium, it has seeme
desirable that a brief sketch of the present relationship and work of the
division of botany of the United Vemm Department of Agriculture and
the herbarium be presented to ers
* During at least the past Mié. Mikttistra di ous, covering a period of
nearly 12 years, there has been a feeling among the authorities of the
Department of Agriculture that the "Division of Botany should be
relieved of the custody of the National Herbarium, that institution
haring grown beyond a mere consulting herbarium to the dimensions of
t gov Marec repository of botanieal collections, an
pennin a fit charge for the Smithsonian Institution. As a result of
negotiations between the two establishments, the herbarium was jai ns-
ferred about two years ago from the Department of Agriculture to
redi d in. i fireproof building of the National Museum, which is
under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution, oe _ department,
rose continuing to furnish cumst money for its mainten But on
uly 1, 1896, the museum assumed complete charge of the Herbarium,
being enabled to provide for 7 through an füctenko of $10,000 in the
appropriations of the museum, added by Congress for this special
purpose. The disbursement of this sum for the National Herbarium is
made, pides through the Smithsonian Institution. Two assistant
eurators, Dr. J. N. Rose and Mr. C. L. Pollard, have been transferred
from the Department of Agriculture to the Museum, with the necessary
clerical help, and a new assistant curator of the cryptogamic RMECHU,
Mr. O. F. Cook, appointed, the botanist of the Department of A
Institution, the National Herbarium is now favourably situated to
continue its development as the repository of the B collections
acquire by the various branches of our governmen
“The Division of Botany in the Department of Agidi has now
a force of twenty persons, including clerks = labourers and funds to
the amount of $29,000 available for the expenditures of the present
fiscal year. Mr. Frederick V. Coville is botanist xi | chief of division
and is especially engaged in work upon the native plani resources of the
United States and upon the geographie distribution of plants. Mr. G.
IH Hicks i is sistant hi and has special charge of seed investigations
done by m their present distribution and means o issemination,
ways of holding them in cheek, and warnings about eriy Ratodated
T V. K. Chesnut has charge of the pharmacological laboratory and
conducts investigations on poisonous plants, more particulary those
native species which are a common cause of poisoning in man or
205
domestic animals. Mr. A. J, Pieters has charge of the anatomical and
photographie work of the division, and is conducting a special series of
experiments on the germination of weed Mr. W. W. Tracy,
recently appointed from the seed farm of D. M. Fer erry & Co.
charge of greenhouse and outdoor tests of seeds and of the cultivation
of native food and other economic plants. Mr. J. C. Dabney is assist-
g in experiments in seed selection, and is making eus of the effect
of various chemicals upon germination. Mr. Sothor ey has charge
of laboratory germination tests, and is conducting Practical trials of the
relative merits of various kinds of labor atory apparatus. Mr. John B.
Leiberg is carrying on the greater part of the field work connected
. F :
artist of the division, recently appointed after passing the highest
examination among 21 competitors.
* The Division of Botany as at present organised is an establishment
equipped with the best scientifically trained men obtainable, and with
od modern appliances for the investigation of agr ieultural botanical
proble
DLXII.—COMPLETION OF FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA.
The issue of the twenty-second part concluding the Flora of British
India was recorded in the Kew Bulletin for December last. The
following correspondence which has been officially addressed to Sir
Joseph Hooker deserves to be placed on record as a recognition of his
services in this and other fields of ici to India :—
Inpra OrFice to Sir J. D. HookER,
India Office, London, S.W.,
Sir, ay 31, 1897.
I am directed by the Secretary of State for India in Council to
forward copy of a letter, in which the Government of India express
their satisfaction at the completion of your Flora of British India.
Lord George Hamilton desires heartily to associate himself with the
Government of India in their acknowledgment of the valuable services
you have done to India by this great work, and by your labour in the
field = Tepe botany, since you first visited that country nearly 50
years a
am, &e.
(Signed) A. GODLEY.
Sir Joseph Hooker, K.C.S.I., C.B., F.R.S.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. to SECRETARY OF STATE.
My Lorp Simla, April 21, 1897,
We are informed by our Direetor of the zone Survey of
India that the Flora of British India, which was begun by Sir Joseph
Hooker some 25 years ago, has just been brought by em to » completion
The value of the work as a contribution to pure science has already
206
has rendered by his monumental undertaking. He has for the first
time brought the botany of the empire into a collective form and placed
it upon a firm and lasting basis, thus completing the work which he
began nearly half a century ago in the Himalayas. We would ask your
Lordship to convey to Sir J oseph Hooker our high appreciation of his
labours, and of their value and importance as systematising and adding
to ed Knowledge of the vegetable productions of India; and our hearty
atulations upon having brought to a satisfactory conclusion a
ees to which he has devoted so many years of his life
We have, &c.
(Signed) ELGIN.
G.
The Right Hon. E. H.-H.: COLLEN.
.. Lord George F. Hamilton, A.-C. TREVOR.
Her Majesty’s Secretary of State
for India.
JDLXIII—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
n the premature death of Mr. J. THEODORE Bent, the distinguished
ea geographical and botanical science have sustained a
home brought on acute pneumonia, and he died on May 5, at the early
age = 45 years.
-Bent and his wife, who was his constant companion, were
eau travellers in the East, in Arabia, and in Africa. The in-
teresting botanical results of their. memorable Jonas, to Hadramaut
(in.1893-4), on wur P were accompanied by Mr. William Lunt, a
member. of the. staff of the Royal Gardens, are given in she Kew
Bulletin for 1894 geld 398.343), Those of their second journey in
Arabia Felix in 1894-5, were published in the Kew Bulletin oe 1895
(pp. 180-186). The materials they obtained brought onh eat the
relations of the Flora of Southern Arabia to Africa on the and, an
to Western Asia on the other. They returned last winter js the same
region, visiting in addition the island of Sokotra. Bat the plants they
obtained have not yet been worked up.
Mr. Theodore Bent possessed a singular charm of manner, and an.
eager intelligence. His own object in travel was mainly archzological.
But he was. eenly anxious to assist any other branch of science to
which he could be of u
Botanical r ApriL—The plants figured are Agave
Haseloffii, Gentiana Jj DERE Tristania laurina, Gongora tricolor,
and Senecio Smithii. The Agave isa me species which has been
in cultivation at Kew for many years, and flowered for the first time in
1895. The Gentiana is a tall-growing species with leaves sometimes
18 inches long. The plant figured was raised from seed supplied by
207
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta. Tristania laurina, from
Eastern camere has been. grown at Kew for a psi time, but
the Wer drawn for the Magazine was furnished Thomas
Hanbury, Esa of La Mortola. Gongora tricolor is a ia of Costa
Rica, whence * (he Kew plant was sent by the late Mr. R. Pfau. The
fine Senecio was first discovered by Banks and Solander in Tierra del
Fuego during Cook’s first voyage. It has since been found 2 Aic
Chili, and seeds, from which the plant figured was raised,
sent to Kew from the Falkland Islands, where they had been "collected
by Mr. A. Linney, of the Government Gardens
Botanical Magazine for May.—All the plants pre are in culti-
vation at Kew. Agave kewensis, from Mexico, flowered for the ls rst
time in the Royal Gardens in 1895. Mazillaria houtteana is tiv
of Guatemala and Venezuela. The plant figured was obtaine "hot
the Brussels Botanical Garden. S? yringa amurensis is a privet-like
plant from North China and Japan. Professor Sargent, who had
introduced it from the Jnter country into America, sent plants to Kew.
Dimorphotheca Eck was raised from seeds supplied by Mr.
William Armstrong, Of ort Elizabeth, where it occurs wild. J).
Eckionis differs from all the other species figured in the Botanical
Magazine in having a shrubby stem. Gomphocarpus setosus, native of
Southern Arabia, has but little merit as a garden plant. Seeds from
which the plant figured was raised were collected by Mr. Lunt during
the Hadramaut Expedition in 1893.
Hooker’s Icones Plantarum.—Parts one and two of the sixth
Mai of x n series (plates 2501-2550) have appeared.
Tw w gen e figured, namely, Efulensia (Passifloraceæ) and
Campylogyne " (Combretace ex). The former is a native of West
ical Africa, where it was discovered by our correspondent, Mr.
"E B and it is nearly allied to Crossostemma, differing in
having compound leaves and free styles. Campylogyne, from the same
country, had been erroneously referred to as Cacoucia. Dorstenia
arabica, Hemsl., is a singular species having a fleshy stem and bullate,
shining leaves. "It was one of the discoveries of the late Mr. Bent.
g , We u
embedded with bones of the Dodo. Echinops bromeliefolius, Baker, is
remarkable for its foliage and vay long cylindrical receptacle. Saco-
glottis amazonica, Mart. ( ana iee Ran = ud source of a * drift-fruit "
figured and described three centuri Tradescantia orchido-
phylla, Rose and Hemsl., has large Piinia: leaves lying flat on the
ground, and a few shortly stalked flowers clustered in the centre.
Glossostemon Br uguieri, Desf., is a member of the Sterculiaceæ
inhabiting Mesopotamia nA the neighbouring countries, having a large
spiny fruit, until now imperfectly known. x y there is a series of
about a dozen plates of figures of Mexi species of Eryngiu
exhibiting a great range of variety in habit, foliage, involucre, and fruit,
the last both in appendages and in cross-sectio
U 98273. Cc
208
Tibetan Plants —Two additional collections of dried plants have been
received from Tibet, which is becoming more and more the field of
active exploration. One of these was made by Captain Wellby and
Lieutenant Malcolm during a journey across Tibet between 35° and 36°
N. The other was obtained by Captain Deasy and Mr. Arnold Pike
when trav elling i in Western Tibet. Both collections exhibit the stunted
vegetation so characteristic. of this flora. Selections from both have
been exhibited at the Ko toyal Society's '"Convérsnzione, where they
attracted much attention.
rimula farinosa in the Andes,—The isolated eei of a species of
aula in Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands, whether
regarded as specifically distinct from the northern P. Rak or not,
has been commented upon by most ess M botanieal geography. Sir
Joseph Hooker (Flora AR TUrofted, ii. 37) specially dudes to the
absence of the genus, so far as then TÉ pon all parts of the Andes,
latitude than 39°. Since then two species have been discovered in the
mountains of Arizona and New Mexico, and now Prof. F. Philippi, the
director of the botanic garden at Santiag go, has sent specimens of the
South American species from two distant di in the Chilian Andes.
One is from the Cordillera del Rio Manso in 41? 30' P lat., and the
other from the Cordillera de Ani t in 39? S. But Kew
previously possessed a specimen of Primula PF from ib
though the fact seems not to have been recorded before. This spec
was collected bv Mr. Pearce, a traveller in the service of bem Tue ames
Veitch & Co., in the Cordillera de Ranco, prias between the other
two xp and was presented to Kew in 1884
The South American specimens represent both large and small-
flowered CUR i one of those from the Andes having flowers nearly
or quite an inch in diameter.
Ceylon Flora.—The untimely death of Dr, Trimen unhappily es deem
admirable pun to the Flora of Ceylon in an unfinishe e.
Two volumes still remain to be written in ion to the three Pase
published. "Sir Joseph Hooker has most generously offered to undertake
the preparation of these, and his offer has been accepted by the Govern-
ment of Ceylon. The necessary pied and specimens have already
been received at Kew from the Royal Botanie Garden, Peradeniya.
More than thirty years ago Sir Joseph Hooker assisted Dr. Thwaites
in his Enumeratio Plantarum Ze ylanie.
Aids to Colonial Development.—The following is an extract from an
article which appeared in the Journal des Débats for March 20 last, and. :
of which a translation Seer in the United States Sa Reports.
for May (pp. 162-163) :—
« A nation that desires to form colonies will find that r r O of
the p is hardly the beginning of her task. ‘The resources of the
country must be studied and appraised ; the igeiWiltarel’ “aiid geological
map of the que must be prepared ; the soil must be analyzed, native
209
plants catalogued, foreign ones introduced, the best selected, gos acre
woods adopted to in diee d way neues and assist the colon
EE
first-class establishment, where plants are cultivated whose products can
be used in the industries, such as rubber and camphor trees, gum pestes
&e. ese are introduced into the neighbouring Dutch colonies.
Laboratories have been established, pamphlets are published, and photo-
graphs = ed to advertise the useful plants of the colonies ‘and their
ets
= The English have accomplished still more. The large botanical
garden at Kew, known all over the world, is in correspondence with eighty
similar establishments in English possessions—India, Guiana, Canada,
Ceylon, &e. From each Kew receives plants, seeds, &e., which are cul-
tivated with great care, not only in samples, but in sufficient number to
e sent later to other colonies. The Germans, at Berlin, and the
Belgians at Jembloux, have similar institutions.
“ There is nothing more difficult then to transport plants, and, on the.
other hand, nothing more useful. The majority of industrial Ls
i S > ‘
coffee cultivated only in its cradle, Arabia? Has not the cacao
first found in hon been carried to Java, and the vanilla plant, of the
same place, to Réunion. The advantage of transporting jute, now the
monopoly e ‘India, rubber, quinine, gum, and clove-producing trees, as
well as ornamental plants, to climates where the conditions would be
favourable, i is obvious. It will be found, however, that very few seeds
retain their eee qua ye enough to permit a c e 0
loeality, espeeially when the voyage is of some duration, for instance,
from Indo-China to the Antilles or the Congo. The plants themselves
are too delicate to be transported. A bot anical garden that can receive
them and allow them to recuperate, as it were, from the voyage, before
continuing to their destination, i is indispensable to scientific nodes:
development of the colonies.
Fodder Plants in British Guiana.—In the Dee for the ei
1895-6 by the Superintendent of the Botanie Gard t Georgeto
British Guiana, attention is drawn to the un suitability: of Alfalfa, die"
Spanish name of the plant known in this count ey as Lucerne (.Medicago
poema for cultivation in tropical countries. e experiment in
son) in other parts of the tropies. On the other hand interesting
partieulars are given of isse that have Boch entirely satisfactory.
These are described as follow
ot of Bahama grass (6 edis Dactylon; Pers.) taken from one
of the huh that had | never been manured, in 12 mowings in the year
gave ar aggregate of 22 on an acre.
Para grass (Panicum muticum, Forsk., P. barbinode, Trin.) that had
been reaped on the same ground for several years in succession, without
manure, ploughing, or replanting, i in five mowings in the year gave
41} tons per acre.
210
Guinea grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) on a rich piece of land,
though not dies prepared for this trial gave in five crops in the
year, 107 tons per acre.
Maize in two crops for the year gave nine tons per acre. This was
specially sown.
nutritious native pea plant, Phaseolus semi-erectus, L.
(widely distributed in tropical Ameriea) of whieh cattle are ravenously
fond, gave, ap atti without cultivation, in two crops in the year, a
total of over 27 tous per acre.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa, L.) in two crops for the year, gave only a
f 400 Ibs.
The Rose of Jericho.—The plant commonly known as the Rose of
Jericho is Anastatica hierochuntica, L., and that it has borne that
name for centuries is proved by the fact that it is figured and described
uch by nearly all the early herbalists. Lonitzer (Lonicera), the
first edition of whose Kreuterbuch appeared in the middle of the sixteenth
Rosen von Hiericho, Rosa Hierichuntis, Rosa ari
Hierosolimitana, Several other sixteenth century authors write more
fully on it. But it is now claimed that Asteriscus pygmeus, Coss. et
rp
Dur. (Composite), is the true Rose of Jericho. The Abbé Michon,
who accompanied De Saulcy on his travels in the East, describes
tE oyage Perigus en Orient, vol. ii., p. 383) a plant under the name
f S i u f
aulcy
Jericho of the pilgrims of the Middle Ages, because it is introduced
into the arms of several French noble families. Boissier (Flora a Orien-
talis, iii., p. 179) identified Sauleya with Asteriscus, and cites Michon's
opinion as to its being the true Rose of Jerieho. Here the matter
rested apparently until 1882, when Dr. P. Ascherson rnnt the subject
before the Ue nischen Vereins der Provinz Brandenburg (Verhand-
lun Pu xxiii. p. 44). More recently (1886) Dr. G. Schweinfurth has
wri on * "i Vraie Rose de Jericho” (Bull. de I Inst. Egypt., 2™°
série, n. 6, pp. 92-96), where, according to Just (Bot. Jahresber., 1886,
2. 96), he recognises Asteriscus pygmeus as the plant. his covers
ider geogra
Baluchistan, and it is very abundant in the neighbourhood of Jericho.
In Asteriscus it is the involueral sepes especially that are hygroscopic,
being closely incurved over the fruit in a dry state and quickly opening
out to an almost horizontal position ae the influence of moisture.
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
No. 127.] JULY. [1897.
DLXIV.—MARRAM GRASS.
(Ammophila arundinacea, Host.)
Marram grass is a native of the shores of Europe and North
Africa. Itis the most important grass for binding moving drift
sands. It may be propagated either from portions of the roots or
from seed, and is the subject on this account of occasional
enquiry. It has been successfully introduced into Australia, on
the recommendation of the late Sir Ferd. von Mueller, K.C.M.G.,
and proved most satisfactory. The following detailed account of
it, prepared eri * H. Maiden, F.L.S., Director of the Botanic —
Gardens at New South Wales, is taken from the
Agricultural y cem for New South Wales, vol. vi., pp. 7-12 :—
committee of the Legislature, appointed in 1852 to enquire
into the means of preserving Cape Cod Harbour, in Massachusetts,
in speaking of the beach between the ocean on the north an
channel of East Harbour, which is all that prevents the sea from
breaking over into Cape Cod Harbour, says : :—This tract consists
into the channel of East Harbour, and is carried by a strong -
current into the north-west part of Cape Cod Harbour. The
ocean on the north is wasting this narrow beach away in every
storm, and the current in East Harbour channel undermining and
destroyi ing it on the south. s decay of the beach has been on
the increase for several years; it has narrowed within seven or
eight Lee by the tide hat s runs through East Harbour cbannel,
from eight to ten rods. ere the mail stage travelled only one
year since, is now the channel, ws 6 feet of water at low tide,
and egies 12 to 14 feet at high w
The first effort made by the Bete for the preservation of this -
important harbour appears to have been in 1714. The town was
incorporated i in 1727, and was at that time a place of some extent ;
14359—1375—8/97 Wt61 D&S 29 A
212
ae — yere oe began to leave, and in less than twenty
reduc to two or three rami M onda the
eie the Pee nuin. and is now a thriving to
The object of the law of 1714 was to arrest the catin of
the tree and shrubbery on the province lands, and on the
ae of which it was dd RM the harbonr depended, as
E d prevented drifting of the sa
n 1824 commissioners were ni by the State Government
w examine the snbject, and report what action was necessary to
yey the rapid destruction of the harbour. ee ecommended
n Act to prevent the destruction of beach-grass, and reported
that the sum of 3,600 dollars would be ne cessary to set out that
plant, make fences, etc. The Legislature in 1826 applied to
Congress for that sum, and Congress has, at different times, made
Pppopeietions t m de amount of about 38,000 dollars, which seem
ve failed, in some measure, 2 accomplish the object
tad, and East Harbour is still vg Be = up.
Many years ago, it was as customary t rn the inhabitants of
Truro, and some other towns on the Cape; every spring, to turn
out to plant beach-grass, as it was in the inland towns to turn out
and mend the roads. This was required by law, with suitable
xp hae for its neglect, and took place in Apri
mer of much practical knowledge concerning this subject,
says :—' a Since the cattle have been kept from the beaches, by the
Act of the eet erst of 1826, the grass and shrubs have sprung
up of their own accord, and have, in a great measure, in the
westerly parts of the Cape, —— what was intended to be
done by planting grass. It is of no use to plant grass on the high
parts of the beach. Plant a the ie parts and they will rise,
while the highest places, over which the grass will spread, are
levelling by the wind. To preserve the beach it must be kept as
level as possible.
Beach-grass is of little value, except to prevent our loose sandy
em from being drifted about by the wind. We have but one
species, and this is fast spreading over our upland, making it
merum for cultivation. Land that would produce from 20 to
25 bushels of Indian corn to the acre, without any manure,
twenty-five or thirty years ago, is now overrun with beach-grass,
and will produ nothing else. If the dead jd is burnt off i
the spring, it will make a pretty good pasture for mcr and
horses. It keeps green dem 2 than any grass we have. Itc
cultivated from the seed or by sipor apri Our loose e
beaches are the pos suitable for its growth.
Be ms to require the asatibóó of some disturbing
causes to asikie it to attain its ded Few sei The driving
winds in some localities are suffici while in other places,
where it does not thrive so well, it is a t that an iron-tooth
harrow would greatly improve and aid its growth. (Flint, Grasses
and Forage Plants.)
While this grass has been extensively used in Europe, probably
for centuries, for binding coast sands, it does not appear to have
been introduced into Australia for the purpose until recently.
e seed of the Marram grass was first introduced into the
Colony of Victoria by Baron von Mueller in 1883, and by him
213
nies to the Borough Council of Port mee for experiment
n the n shifting sand-hummocks fronting the coast line of
Port F iry. It has proved to be the most effectual sandstay ever
las was Practical ery di of its value can be seen in the
50 miles of sandhills mue between Warrnambool and Port
ed by
under
the direction of Mr. 8. €— the park ranger. So complete has
been the reclamation of the lands, that where a few years ago not
a sign of vegetation was to be seen, there now exists a succulent
grass eagerly devoured by cattle, and growing to a height o
4 feet. Marram grass is practically Ar RER RRE
cutting, or eating off only makes it thrive—while in exposed
shifting sand it propagates as surely as in the most sheltered
situations.
The grass is planted in rows ata distance of s feet apart, the
space between the plants sd least 2 f ape The depth to which
hich ga
twelve months' growth the plants are fit, for thinning out and
transplanting.
attle are not allowed to graze on the ary until the roots
P
ewt. covers one acre. The most favourable time for plants is
from 1st May to end of July. us grass retains its vitality, and
strikes root after being out of its sand-bed for three months or
more. enema Leader, 2nd IDétéitibet, 189;
Marra m grass commences to flower in November "with us. It
flowers in July in England.
The following account of the attempts to acclimatise the grass
at the Cape are instructive :—
8 a specimen plant, Ammophila was introduced some years
ago into the Botanic Gardens , Cape Town, by Professor MacOwan,
and seed obtained from Lincolnshire, Englan nd, was Posh on the
D'Urban Road sands by Mr. Lis The grass is said to have
grown well. It was naturally killed by the P Po rt Werde wattles
sown with it, and it —— grim abandoned as a temporary
stay in favour of the na grass
Ai Eerste River ribns "56 ibs. of seed obtained from Vilmorin
& Co., Paris, were sown in situ in 3. The seed vii imn
only at the foot of the sandhill experimented upon, and from
small patch, not much larger than a good-sized dining-table,
650 bundles of thinnings were taken. ad have been trans-
planted on one-sixth of an acre of sand, in rows 6 feet by 2 feet
apart, in accordance with the en described below. Other
two-year-old plants will enlarge the Marram Nursery to about
half an acre, and one-year-old plants have aoi A tea thinned.
The larger plants removed were fully 4 feet high, and thus,
with the advantage of Cape Town refuse manure, have atiained
14359 A2
214
in two years, from seed, a growth equal to three-year-old trans-
plants at Port Fairy. That Marram grass is not readily raised
from seed appears to be shown in the demand made upon the
Victorian plant supplies by other Australian colonies, Africa, and
ia; but once germinated it seems t Z e
actual yearly increase is not stated in the Port Fairy report. From
the prolific gr f the limited number of plants at the Eerste
iver, it is probable that, favourable situations, and with
manure, it will quadruple itself annually.
- Ina few years thinnings should be available for distribution.
To avoid heavy transport charges on large quantities of plants,
probably the best plan would be to form a small nucleus planta-
ion of one or two acres at a sheltered spot near the sands to be
reclaimed. If such a plantation of 2 acres in one year doubled
itself only, in six years sufficient plants would have been produced
to reclaim 128 acres of sand. The probability is, however, that
e increase would be more rapid.
1 ndary,
protected, whereas an inland sand might require fencing on three
or more sides. : - S
| , a total cost of £4 5s. per acre is
Eg at, and on 320 acres would cost £1,360 to protect and
plant. ERE
If a plough were used for drawing a planting furrow, and
closing it again, the cost might be considerably reduced —(Jowrnal,
Department of Agriculture, Cape Town, 26th July, 1894).
This grass has been extensively planted by the New South
Wales Department of Agriculture at the gand-drift at Newcastle,
in conjunction with the Maritime Pine (Pinus maritima), and the
vexed question of how to deal with this drift, which, in times
gone by, has been such a source of expense and anxiety, appears
to in ir way for settlement. The grass is flourishing
splendidly, the area under the grass is increasing year by year,
is an extract from a letter received from a correspondent supplied
by the department, with specimens of the grass for experimental
urposes :—
“I beg to report on the success of the experiment to grow
Marram grass at Shell Beach, Middle Harbour, where the rootlets
T —
215
you kindly obtained for me some months back have been growing
splendidly, and already throwing out shoots 3 to 4 feet away
from the main stems. y frie who planted the roots
AREF that he put in a handful of manure with each root, which,
o doubt, assisted the quick growth of the c which i is now
iiid 2 feet in height, and of a deep green colou
* Some rootlets that I planted at the same UA as the above at
Edward's E Middle Harbour, have unfortunately been eaten
down by ca
El neg nues advise your department to plant the Marram
rass along the Spit Road beach, Middle Harbour, where, if
fir ea
the Spi
The department will be glad to supply ene quantities
of the grass to persons willing to plant it in suitable localities.
There is no doubt it is far more efficient as a ae stay than the
native Spinifex hirsutus.
Ina tis upon the grazing capabilities of the grass furnished
to Baron von Mueller, by Mr. Avery, from Port Fairy
(N oviatiber 18th, 1893), he states :—
“T generally put the cattle into the Marram grass oe
after the first rains we get in April, and then allow them to graze
there until the season begins to e too dry, when they are o taken
ut and kept off til ext seas -to keep
av
of cattle grazing on about 100 acres of Marram grass for six
months, and the cattle kept in fair condition during that
time. There seems to be some doubt in the minds of a great
many persons who have heard about Marram grass that it is of no
value as a fodder, but I can assure you that the cattle at Port
S
is]
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(as)
O
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ct >
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wo
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a
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oo
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Marram grass at Ed ward's Bay, Middle Harbour, but reported tha
they were eaten down by cattle. Baron von Mueller Select
Extra-tropical Plants, 1888. edition) saysi— —“ Like Elymus
pomar not touched by grazing animals.” Dr. George Vasey
ga “This 8 grass has no agricultural value." At Cape Cod
Harbour the grass does not appear to be used for grazing parpabek
These statements may be reconciled as follows :—When fully
grown, the Marram grass is notoriously a strong fibrous diee
beyond the power of cattle to digest, even if they are able
masticate it, but the young growth (and even larger growth if a
season be moist and favourable), can be eaten by cattle, hence the
protection a Marram grass — requires at this most critical
period of its existence. It matter of common knowledge that
any of our “ee Siok as ther grasses are browsed upon
== cattle, whiłe young and fairly succulent, but, on account of
their harsh and kir nature, they are absolutely ‘uneatable when
fully grown, The use of Marram grass must always, therefore,
216
be very subordinate from the point of view of pasture. Its value
is that of a coast sand binder.
At the same time the question of keeping cattle away from
newly-farmed Marram grass plantations must never be lost sight
of. fodder in such situations is harsh and sparse, and stray cattle
will readily bite at the comparatively tender Marram plants just
coming into growth, and perhaps exterminate a plantation unless
hecked.
I have since received the following letter from Mr. S. Avery, of
Warrnambool, Victoria, which shows that the grass is a really
valuable fodder grass :-—* The Marram grass is edible during the
whole of the year, and cattle will eat it at any time, but while
there is plenty of rye grass and clover on the flats during the
spring, the cattle prefer rye grass and clover to the Marram grass,
but as soon as the grass begins to get scarce on the flats, the cattle
then take to the sand-hills and feed on Marram grass during the
winter months, and thrive well on it. Before the M
A native of the shores of Europe and North Africa, Dr. George
Vasey states that it grows on sandy beaches of the Atlantic, at
Another possible use for Marram grass is suggested in the
following letter, received at Kew, from Mr. R. W. Adlam :—
Joubert Park, Johannesburg,
August 23, 1894.
SIR,
I beg to return you my best thanks for the seeds received
in two bags, as noted in yours of July 26. The Ammophila seed
is very acceptable, as I wish to experiment with it to find if it will
ow on, and bind together, the sand, or tailings heaps, which are
accumulating so fast along the Main reef, and around this town.
Our gold output is now five tons per month, and to obtain this a
vast number of tons of rock have to be crushed.
The crushed gold-beating quartz—or rather sandstone, is first
treated with mercury, and thereafter with cyanide of potassium,
to obtain every particle of gold.
The cyanide remains in the tailings heaps, and, of course, is
strongly poisonous. Blown about by the strong winds here, the
sands cause serious eye complaints, and illness.
917
The piat is, will any vegetation grow on such poison
mountains—for so the tailings heaps may well be called.
I shall value yous opinion on this serious subject.
I am, etc.,
(Signed) R. W. ADLAM.
The Director,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
DLXV.—AGRICULTURAL DEPRESSION.
It i common fallacy to suppose that the state of things
but spoken of as “agricultural depression” is peculiar to
this country. It isa universal phenomenon of which the stress
experienced in the United Kingdom is only a particular phase.
It extends to cultural industries in every part of the world,
though, from local causes, it is felt in some places more severely
than in others. Nor is there any reason to suppose that it will
diminish or be alleviated by palliative expedients. The causes
are too deep-seated and permanent to be regarded as temporary.
regar
Mankind will, in fact, have more and more to reconcile itself to a
new order of industrial conditions. iei process will, no doubt,
entail much individual loss and suffering. But this is inevitable,
and is the accompaniment of all great changes. The problem
i el
The funda
levelling influence on prices of modern facilities of transport.
This includes a aide range of €—— all conducing to the
same end, and, in the long run, producing the same result. Such
are :—the extension of railwa ways, the oUBdbrét on of inter-oceanie
canals, the use of x: for ship- -building, and the Application of
steam to navigatio:
How these erm ‘act i is well illustrated by the following extract
from the American Garden and Forest of September last
(p. 391) :—
^ Since 1890 the wheat production of the country (United
States) has been more than twice as great as it was in 1 and
there is no doubt that these large crops, wided to the stili of
bushels which are exported from India and the Argentine pipe:
have supplied the world with ptum heat than it can eat, or, at
least, more than it is willing to pay for, and to this it sae "be
added that Russia, Hungary and Spain have multiplied their
production still more rapidly, while Australia threatens to put
rnillions of bushels upon the markets ac the northern hemisphere.
But this is only one factor in a great change which has been
going on all over the world during the last half of the century.
In agriculture as well as in manufactures, science with inventions,
which come from increased knowledge, have 80 cheapened pro-
duction of every sort that the world we live in is quite a different
Machinery has so multiplied the power of a single man to
cultivate and harvest and transport crops that a bushel of wheat
can be and turned into flour in the distant west
y dé oa n/n tag De ME diu Jum Qu a al
- 218
wheat-fields > ne New J ges or Pennsylvania, and it costs
actually less to put Hour into the New York market from
Minnesota un it cost our fathers to carry it fifty miles. With
sulky-plows and horse-cultivators, with cheap fertilizers and a
knowledge of how s apply em , the market-gardeners and truck-
farmers of Virginia and outhern New Jersey, by the aid of
rapid transit, can sell ro pain at a profit in this Ec for
less money than they could have afforded to sell them on their
farms a few years ago. It is owing to this eed iratis portation
that the fruit growers of the east are compelled to compete wi ith
d d
from California. When early apples from Canada come into
Wee ane with late winter apples from Australia in the English
market, and perishable fruits like plums and peaches, raised in
California, are sold in Liverpool, it is evident that the element
of distance between the roducer and the consumer of agri-
-cultural products is VHiMübally annihilated."
When as annihilation has been effected it is simply, in a great
number of cases, a question whether the producer of any given
commodity can face the competition of the world. If he can't,
nothing will save him, and he must, before his capital is
exhausted, devote his attention to some other i industry.
Cultural industries will be limited then, in the long run, by the
i and
the next, by the local cost of labour. The cultivation of the v
Smh in England, not because, as is often supposed, the -CSpA
ecame unfavourable, but because the produce of the ill-matured
English grape could not hold its own in competition with that of
France, when that became procurable. On the other hand, as
already pointed out at some length in these pages (Kew Bulletin,
1895, pp. 307-315), ME although they can be readily
grown in this country, are largely imported from abroad, because
the cost of production (and perhaps of transport) is cheaper.
The ee of Egypt has crippled the growth of onions in
Bedfordshire
In a few ca ses, but it is unlikely that they will ever be very
numerous, the progress of discovery has superseded some staples
altogether.
e manufacture of a gave the death blow to the
cultivation of madder. But synthetic chemistry has its limits,
and it is improbable that mankind will ever be wholly satisfied
with artificial substitutes for wine or for tea and coffee. Yet
cheaper and retical d inferior products will often press heavily on
dearer and better ones. menn oil is daily taking the place
of that expressed from the oliv But economy is a more exacting
factor in boasaniptioik than the gratification of a cultivated
te.
P
DLXVIL—FAT HEN IN AUSTRALIA.
(Chenopodium album, L.)
'The plant referred to in the following communication turns
out to be a familiar British plant. It is very commonly met with
in Europe and temperate Asia as a weed of cultivation, probably
“219
having its original home A the latter part of the world, It has
ene to many climes. Bentham (Flora of Austr — vol. 5, p. 160)
remarks :—** Whether it va really indigenous or introduc ed only
into Australia is uncertain. In N. S. Wales and Queensland i it is
said to be known under the name of Fat Hen.
Kiel Villa, Nelson Street, Sans Souci,
N.S. Wales, May 12th, 1897.
DEAR oe
I SEND herewith a small packet containing a few seeds of a
native vegetable—though only xr generally as a weed. The
vulgar name it has is ** Fat Hen "—poultry are fond of it din
young, but those who use it as an n article of diet call it * Australian
unable to obtain vegetables, and in o n, also of others,
think it superior to spinach, as it do p ao taste earthy and does
not waste so much in boiling. It is everywhere a hardy plant
growing freely at sea-level and on the ‘high table lands of this
colon Any soil suits it, but it revels in a sandy loam, and does
well with a fair share of moisture ; the more rapidly it grows the
more succulent and tender it is. Sow about the middle of May ;
——— as cabbage, and when a foot to fifteen inches high take
about 6 or 8 inches off the top, the portion left will throw out
iaat lateral shoots right up to early winter ; if left without
topping will reach Ah Bis high. The shoots become stringy if
not taken away w ing.
Hoping I have Mos dox something new and that it may be of
use, or the means of introducing a fresh plant for food.
I am, dear Sir
Yours faithfully.
A, R. FREMLIN.
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq.,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
BREL UA da ora FOR STREET
e use of Jarrah timber oeei armi marginata) and Karri
(Eucalyptus diversicolor) for arriage-ways in London,
e Kew Bullatin 890, p. 188; 1893, P E
Since that time the use of these hard timbers, iustead
woods, like yellow deal, has been extende In thë epot d a
Special Committee of the Paddington Vestry, appointed to
consider the subject of wood paving in that important parish, the
following recommendations have been made :—
28th May, 1896.
Edd ^ = Special Committee appointed to rat the
of Wood Paving in the Parish of Padd
Your io m. have taken in hand the thorough mrad wien
of the above-mentioned subject, having held four meetings, and
considered carefu salty the evidence ne fo forward. Your Com-
mittee are unanimously agreed as to the imperative importance of
220
hard wood for qoem cene sane and they entirely endorse the
words of the Sur of Lambeth (J. P. Norrington, C.E.),
“that it is a wic io = v" of public money to pave a line
of heavy traffic with soft wood.”
Your Committee having bi sections of roadway paved with
Jarrah, Karri, and other hard woods, subjected to most severe
traffic, consider that the length of life of these woods has not
been over-estimated, and that fifteen years is within the limits of
trustworthy probability. Your Committee entertain very decided
views as to the sanitary ol ses of the Eucalyptus woods and
their non-absorbent qua :
As to the first cost of hard wood, they have had clear evidence
that its great durability will not only cover the additional
expense, but will realize an actual saving in the course of years,
as well as make the necessity for renewals far more exceptional
than wm be possibly attained by the best treatment of the soft
wood
Your Committee have formed a strong opinion of the EY
of repaving Praed Street with hard wood, and that it should
so paved throughout its entire length as a whole. They ilio
think it would be preferable to keep. such thoroughfare in repair
for another year rather than rush the DA Md thereof with soft
wood, the material last used, according to the ADM AU Report,
having been down only for four and a half y
The cost of maintenance of a deal wood pent varies from year
F 3,
was £1 3s. 6d., in 1895 £10 13s., and in 1896 £73 19s. 8d., and to
"Ir E such thoroughfare for another year will probably cost
Your Committee consider the proposed experiment i
Southwick Street as perfectly unnecessary in the face of the
evidences afforded by the parishes kp cree They also a my
change of road surface material o ermanent concrete bed t
be a new work, and not in my ibis a meee: and saudedtientty
such undertakings may be met by loans if necessary.
Your r Committee consider that the cost of renewing the existing
a rag
£7,000 per annum, but should hard ina be adopted "they
anticipate effecting a yearly saving of £2,000
Under these circumstances your Committee unanimously
recommend the use of e bros: blocks oe not less than
four inches in depth, for paving purposes in all suitable
thoroughfares in the Parish, aah blocks to m Ee jointed with
ereosote and pitch, and they further recommend that - proposal
io pave Praed Street with yellow deal be reconsidere
S. J. MACKIE Chairman).
The following note headed * Wood Paving at the West End "
appeared in the Daily News for the 17th August 1897 :—
“The Vestry of Paddington have borrowed £13,000 from the
London ien Council for the purpose of extending wood pave-
ments in the parish. Already about eight miles " — streets of
Paddington are paved with ond: but mostly soft wood. For
221
IS of durability, cleanliness, and sanitation, the Vestry have
w abandoned the use of soft deal in favour of hard wood, and
ese accepted a tender for the supply of 850, ood: West Australian
hard wood blocks at £10 17s, 6d. per 1,000 bloc
DLXVIIL—GRAFTING SUGAR CANE.
he following article, which appeared in the Hawaiian
Planters’ Monthly (March, 1897, p. 101), has been communicated
by the Editor (Mr. H. M. Whitney), who describes an experiment
undertaken "by himself about 20" years ago, which is believed to
e resulted in producing a “hybrid” cane now largely grown
n the Hawaii Islands.
The hybrid is understood to have been produced Ur grafting
buds of the well known rich Laha ina cane on the stems of a
hardy native cane called the * Kouala.” "The hybrid is said to be
generally known as “Ko Wini " or * Whitney Cane,” also as the
* Yellow Bamboo."
The pat of producing a graft-hybrid in the sugar cane
has bee ood deal discussed, but few people, without careful
niin. oni be prepared at once to admit that such a cane has
actually been produce d. Mr.Whitney's account, which is circum-
stantial enough in its details, is reprinted in ihe Kew Bulletin,
but it is hardly necessary to add that this does not involve an
endorsement of his belief that in this instance a hybrid cane was
actually produced.
GRAFTING OF SUGAR CANES.
“The question of producing hybrid canes by grafting or
buddi being discussed, as though it had not bee
conclusively settled already, M actual results ai in Braz il
and Hawaii. T. correspondent in the Manchester Sugar Cane of
November last (page 577) quotes an old letter written by the late
Charles anh PAS to the hybrid canes produced in Brazil
some forty years ago, in which Mr. Darwin doubted the correctness
of the facts published.
* We have now in our possession a copy of the original official
report of the Agricultural Department of Brazil translated by
rM. Nathan, of New Orleans, and published in the N. O.
Pion iiti in 1877. The statements made in this report appear to
conclusively cp a hybrid was obtained by the process of
arra or *apposition' of two halves of different varieties—
the Cayenne and ‘Molle, from which "the St. Julian cane was
obtaine
* A late number of the Queensland Sugar vite refers to a
successful experiment in that Colony by the same process of
*apposition. ' It is possible that new varieties por be obtained
in this way, provided that spe care is taken to have the
surface of the two halves perfectly smooth so as to fit each other
closely, and care be also taken s yrs the juice and meat of
222
the canes from souring, by carefully waxing and covering the
exposed parts of the splice. But it would seem to us that the
character of the offspring would: Her be that of the half on
which the bud or seed was located. We hope that the results
obtained in Queensland will be fully reported later
* Now, as regards hybrid canes in Savaii, We have at least
one genuine hybrid cane, which originated in Kau, Hawaii, in
1877-78. The editor of the Planters’ “Monthlh erem writer of rms
icle—was then engaged in cane planting at Keaiwa, Kau, n
where the Pahala sugar mill is prey his bad. Ty tiom
one to two thousand feet above sea level. The Lahaina variety,
which isa rich, juicy, and prolific cane, while it is unsurpassed
for lowland cultivation, is not at all adapted to the highlands on
either of our islands, as it is extremely sensitive to cold, and
becomes short-jointed ia stunted. It wa ihoretos desirable to
find a cane which would thrive on the hichlands and yield the
rich juice of the-Lahaina.. Among the varieties of native canes
growing in Kau was a favourite one, called by the natives
4 i nep: (or potato cane), from the close resemblance of its meat
that of sweet potato. This variety seemed to thrive well at an
samp of 2000 to 3000 feet, where stalks of it were found
growing twelve to fifteen feet in length, and of large girth. It was
cultivated around the huts of the native mountaineers, and was
one of their favourite foods.
* It occurred to the writer that if a hybrid could by any eee
be produced, combining the rich juices of the Lahaina with t
prolifie growth and aps of the Kouala, it would render cane
planting more profitable on the elevated. land where he was
located, and even allow lie cultivation of cane to be extended to
the rich plateaus -— higher up. With this object in view, a
>
young plants a vigorous and healthy start. When these young
canes were sufficiently advanced to allow it, ee and budding
in various modes were commenced and carried on for iva
onths, in the same manner as that practioed with apple and
other fruit trees in New York State, where the writer spent his
younger years on a fruit farm and became familiar with the
process. The grafting was done with a V incision on the topped
growing stalk, great care being taken to have the graft fit into the
incision as perfectly as a cabinet maker would insert a piece when
mending furniture. Not only must it fit in shape exactly, but
the eye or seed and the root germs of the graft meson retain the
same place in the stalk as the section had, that was cut out.
The same care was observed in the budding opera estia s—to have
the inserted section fit exactly that of the bud and on Pea taken
out. Some of these graft stalks were left growing in the hills,
care being taken to oak out all the eyes or seeds below the graft,
and to destroy all other stalks in each hill. The same precaution
;was taken in the budding operation. In each eer graft wax and
bandages were used, as is customary with tree grafting. Some of
these grafted and budded stalks were planted in pom soil as canes
are usually planted.
223:
* As was expected, many of these grafts and buds died without
showing any signs of vitality, while of the thirty or forty experi-
ments made, some ten or twelve sprouted, throwing out two or
more leaves from each bud. But one yis another, they eges
and died , leaving a single plant, which ni the start seemed to.
give good eld and rapidly repai into a healthy hill. This
nursery was located in the- Sine of what became a- hundred acre
field of Lahaina edi and when the young plants had grown so as
to cover the ground, this sole survivor of the nursery began to
attract notice on account of its desk and straight leaves. As time
went on, it became so conspicuo 8 that passers- 6 would stop and
enquire the cause of this unusual & ight. Its wth was quite
it, it stood like a sentinel alone in the middle of the field, It
finally ripened into a hill of forty tio stalks, not one of which
was less than eight feet, and from that to ten feet in length, and
of large girth.
*'The late Charles N. Spencer, then manager of the Hilea
plantation, a few miles distant, was greatly interested in this new
prodigy, and obtained a portion of the stalks, which were planted
on the higher lands of that plantation, where, in the course of two
or three yearg,'he had a field of two hundred acres of it growing
at an elevation of 1800 feet. From six hills of his first planting,
he cut 226 stalks for seed, some of the stalks being twelve feet in
length. He beoe d the best upland cane he had,and named
it ‘Ko Wini’ ‘Whitney Cane.’ In Hamakua it has been
called the ‘ Yellow NA but this is identically the same vine
as the hybrid originated by the writer. It has been planted on
lands in various districts of Hawaii, but it has nowhere dani s
well as in its native soil and climate of Kau. But for the object
intended—a profitable upland cane—it has proved a boon to Kau,
its birth place and home.
* Since the above was written, we have been informed by the
local officers of the Pahala Plantation (Hawaiian Agricultural Co.),
that they have been so well pleased with this hybrid cane, that
they prefer it to other kinds. "The value that they place on it may
be inferred from the sept made by the Fine that of the
have 2854 acres of Whitney cane, 512 acres of tune and 654 of
Rose Bamboo. And the outcome of sugar has been raised from
4000 tons of former years to 8000 tons as their last crop, and
planted on land above the famous land-slide or * mudflow
of 1868, at an elevation of about 2200 feet. This field is a most
remarkable one, showing some of the finest cane ever seen in the
district. "These results are certainly very gratifying to the
Mise of this hybrid cane, and creditable to the intelligent
nagement of the esiate, which has utilized the valuable dis-
co UNE. so as to make Pahala plantation one of the best sugar
properties in this group."
224
DLXIX.—GRAMA GRASS.
(Bouteloua oligostachya, Torr.)
The following correspondence relates to a proposal to introduce
the North American “Grama grass” as a fodder-plant into India.
INDIA OFFICE to ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
India Office, Whitehall, S.W.,
SIR, ugust 7, 1897.
I am directed by the Secretary of State for India to forward
a copy of a Memo. regarding * Grama grass," and to ask you to
favour him with your rema arks on a suggestion that has been made
by a Scotch settler in Mexico that this fodder should be tried in
India
am, &c.
(Signed) C. E. BERNARD,
Secretary, Revenue and Statistics Department.
The Director,
Kew Gardens.
MEMORANDUM by Professor Wallace.
Grama grass intera ona which is so valuable as
a pasture grass in Mexico, Tex other adjoining states, is
of soil, and climate, but it has remarkable power of maintaining
its existence in arid seimas subject to re periods of drought.
If it could be shown that the soil and climate of India are uit
pot to Ši fece this could be ke at little expense at one of the
experi tal stations, such as at Poona), it would form a very
imn. sdditon to the fo dder grasses of the coun try. It is just
possible, however, that if it were once established in arable land,
it might become a troublesome weed to the seul owing to
the power its roots have of keeping possession of the s
Royal Gardens, Kew
August 12, 1897.
the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your mias
R & s. 3912 of August 7 relating to the introduction of Gram
grass into India
2. 1 “ad consulted upon the subject with H.H. Rusby, Esq.,M.D.,
Professor of Botany and Materia Medica in the College of Pharmacy
of the City of New York, a well-known American botanist, who is
I also en
Du e “sl = Agricultural Grasses and Forage Plants of the
it
3. There ped be no doubt that Grama grass as it occurs under
natural conditions affords pasture of great value. How far these
could be imitated artificially in India is another matter, and one
I confess, which does not appear to me likely to be attended with
much success
225
4. If the experiment is considered worth the attempt seed could
no doubt be easily obtained from the United States Department of
Agriculture.
I am, &e.,
W. T. THISELTON-DYER.
Sir Chas. Les Gig m ESL,
India Pio Whitehall,
Kew, August 10, 1897.
DEAR
I am vicos to state the E in reply to your enquiry
concerning the value of Grama grass for introduction to India
There are quite a number of species of wah eite to which this
term has been applied, and several of them are Pec pner by
special prefixes, as Black Grama, White Ciraiftn a, Sand Grama, etc.
others posses d er adaptation. He me o
them have remained little known, while ers have acquired
a high repute as pasture and hay s. The best known are
B, oligostachya, B. polystachya, B. racemosa, and B. curtipendula.
All are more or less noted for the avidity with which stock will
in the stall. It isa peculiar property of these grasses to retain
their a Re after drying standing, and after
remaining for many weeks in this re Bae Be sed to the
weather, a ean which reduces ordinary grasses to the worth-
less condition of straws. Another notable property i is their ability,
especially B. oligostach ya, to subsist in arid regions, where long-
continued rainless periods destroy ordinary grasses. I have
observed the following peculiarity of growth which dorbis
accounts in some degree for this property. A single plant is seen
to extend its growth in two opposite directions, forming a little
ridge. These directions gradually change so that the ridge
assumes a roughly circular form, enclosing a shallow basin which
must do something to conserve eer rain-falls. A third important
They are
thus better adapted than ‘many grasses to grow in hose countries
where sods or turfs will not form
12 trial of these grasses in India is to be s trongly recom-
ended. It is further to be recommended that a preliminary
study should be made of the conditions of the locality where
each is to be tried, so that failure may not result E desi
the several species in unsuitable locations. The k Gram
particularly adapted to rocky plac “a especia a pieni si ide
and the slopes of valleys. The White Grama (B. Migostach 1
is most luxuriant in the rich loam of bottom s. It doe
well, however, as does B. curtipendula, on desert vine with
garir or partly gravelly soil. B. polystachya is a much lower
n the others, but makes a very — grow aias does
ME well on sands of river-bottoms are annually
overflowed. It is the most valuable a wider of "cA all.
It is remarkable for the Shs beeps with which it is restored by
growth as it is continually eaten off. Indeed, all the species are
remarkable for the qutbus with which they grow and mature
upon the occurrence of rain
My experience with these grasses as weeds in cultivated lands
is slight, but it would tend to ee that it is not their nature .
to act as weeds, or to persist in tilled la
Very rospoot ally yours,
(Signed): H. H. RUSBY.
The Director,
-Royal Gardens, Kew.
EXTRACT from Vasey, Grasses of United States, Ed. 2, p. 57.
Bouteloua okgastaen ya at grass ; Mesquite grass) is the
mere gical Te cies on the great plains. It is frequently called
although that ano Strictly belongs to leere Dune
(Buses dactyloides). On the arid plains of the s the
principal grass and is the main reliance for the vast herds ‘of pun
which are raised there. It grows chiefly in small, roundish patches
closely pressed to the ground, the foliage being in a dense, cushion-
like mass. The leaves are short and crowded at the oad 3 the short
Th st
stems, e flowering stalks seldom rise over a foot in height,
und bear near the top one or two flower see Ti pen an
inch long, and from one-eighth to one-quarter of an inch wide,
standing at right angles like a small flag floating in the breeze.
Where — grazing prevails, however, these flowering stalks
are eaten down so much that only the mats of leaves are
e ale In bottom-lands and low, moist ground it grows
more closely, and under favourable circumstances forms a pretty
close 80d, but even then itis not adapted for mowing, although it
is sometimes cut, making a very light erop. Under the most
favourable cireumstances the product of this grass is small,
compared with cultivated grasses. It is page etree highly
nutritious. Stock of all kinds are fond of it, and eat it in
preference to any grass growing with it. It "ane s and cures on
the ground so as to retain its nutritive picperios in the winter.
No attempt is made by stockmen to feed cattle in the winter ;
they are expected to “rustle around,” as the phrase is, and find
their living ; and in ordinary winters, as the fall of snow is light,
they are enabled to subsist and make a pretty good appearance in
the spring ; bnt in severe winters there are losses of cattle, some-
times very heavy ones, from want of feed.
DLXX.—FLORA CAPENSIS.
The third and dere part of the sixth volume of the work
was issued in
The taliowing. pi are given from the preface :—
The third volume of the Flora Capensis was published in 1865.
The following year Professor Harvey, who had been its principal
author and guiding spirit, died. ‘Although in the preface
fourth volume is referred to as “shortly to be in preparatio:
227
for the press," practically nothing availa relating to it was
found amongst Professor Harvey’s papers. Nor did his coadjutor,
Dr. Sonder, who died in 1881, des eut any further part in the
wor
Its. continuation was urged upon Kew by Sir Henry Barkly,
G.C.M » who was Governor of the Cape of Good
the colonies committ ed to his charge. Sir ED er, at t
time Director of the Royal Gardens, entrusted th e task of
continuing the wor and l
yself NUM left me little time for the task. It became
numerous workers, Another difficulty was the rapid expansion
of British South Africa. This led to a continuous influx to Kew
of new material, which had to be determined and made available
for future working up in the Flora. It was soon obvious that it
would be necessary to largely extend the area comprised by the
published volumes, and it was ultimately determined to do cua
still further so as to include, as far as possible, all known floweri
plants occurring in the area between the Tropic of Capricorn and
the Oc the north, the present and future volumes will
therefore be demus by the Flora of Tropical Africa
During the last twenty years the time of one member of the
ew st : :
have been named and catalogu ued for South African botanists
and collectors, A05 à coy ie d MH have been figured aud
deseribed. 'T abours were a necessary preparation for the
continuation of the Flora on its aes cale.
reasons of convenience it has posl found advisable to
publish the present volume in anticipation of the fourth an
fifth, which are also in preparation, and to which it is hoped that
Mr. Bolus, the well-known South African botanist, who has | paid
ordinary interest to horticulturists as well as to botanists, as it
includes the whole of the plants known familiarly as “ Cape
Bulbs.'
The volume has been in quenaedas for several years, but its
publication has been from time to time delayed by the desire to
include in it the novelties which have been continually received
and published as new territories have been explore
Even while passing through the press sufficient hav 'eaccumulated
to render an appendix necessary. The whole has been Spore
by Mr. John Gilbert Baker, F.R.S., the Keeper of the Herbari
and Library of the Royal Gardens, who has long been the UM
authority on the Petalo a Monocotyledons. I must add my
obligations to Mr. C. H. Wright, Assistant in the Herbarium, who
has greatly helped me in reading the pro
The distribution of the loca sent eu the different regions
has been a laborious and intricate task. It will afford a basis for
at any rate a partial analysis of Il Flora of South Africa, which.
14359 B
. 228
^will no doubt bring into prominence important faets as to its
geopraphical n It has been accomplished with much
care and patience by . E. Brown, A.L.S., Assistant in the
Herbarium of the iore Gardens. And finally it has been
subjected to the invaluable revision of Mr. H. Bolus.
The orthography adopted for the local names has met with
some criticism from South African botanists. It has been
oe poop however, to adhere to the standard, no doubt
great asure conventional, of authoritative maps. Those
which have be relied upon principally are :
Cape of Good Hope. By J. pieci amt 1834. (Useful for old
names of localities.)
. A Map of the reed of "s Cape of Good Hope and neighbouring
Territories. 876.
Map of the ecol ad the surrounding Territories. By
F. Joppa, 1880.
Spezial-Karte von Afrika. Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1885
It only remains to follow the example of my predecessor
give some account of those among a great body of ear ai p
who wis supplied Kew with the most important recent
collectio
Two niu will be for ever memorable in the history of South
African Botany
- More than thirty years have rolled away since Professor Harvey
bore eloquent testimony to the indefatigable services of Peter
his enthusiasm for the beautiful Flora amidst which he has spent
the best years of his life, nor his energy in investigating it.
Without his self-sacrificing aid the present — would
have been miserably incomplete. By a correspondence which
has never intermitted, he has done all in his power to keep Kew
abreast of the progress of botancial discovery in South Africa.
his enthusiasm to others, and has thus secured the investigation
of many parts of the area of the Flora which might otherwise
have remained all but unknown.
To Harry Bolus, Esq., F.L.S., the gratitude of Kew is no less
due for aid and en ncouragement of the most varied kind. His
admirable researches into the difficult problem of the geographical
distribution of South African plants, and his patience and accurate
investigation of the Orchidee and other groups, will, it may be
always ensure his close personal association with the
present work. Mr. Bolus has further contributed to Kew many
hundreds of specimens—a large proportion of which were new to
seience, and many of great interest and rarity
At the risk of seeming to make an invidious choice amongst a
formidable list of Kew contributors, I cannot but further single
out the following for particular acknowledgement :—
Sir Henry Barkly, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., F.R.S., was indefatigable
while Governor of Cape Colony in procuring. for Kew inany of the
rarer and more remarkable of South African plants. e paid
especial attention to those of a succulent habit. Amongst many
interesting introductions to European demie the remarkable
tree-aloe (Aloe dichotoma) deserves especial mention, And it
229
was dueto his support that the approval and aid of the Legislatures
-of Cape Colony and Natal was secured for the continuation of
this XE
John Medley Wood, Esq. A.L.S., the Curator of the beautiful
Botanic Gardens at Berea, Durban, in the Colony of Natal, and the
only institution of the kind in South Africa, has investigated t the
Flora of Natal with conspicuous energy, and has done more than
any other botanist to reveal its riches. Kew is indebted to him
for large and invaluable collections.
he Rev. Leopold Richard Baur has. sent to Kew a large and
interesting SERE Ud gr Tembuland plants, chiefly from the
neighbourhood of ;
aurice S. Evan a Md: . of Durban, has furnished collections
which, io ig not iaeia large, have proved very rich in
new speci
H. G. Phin. d has especially studied the rich local Flora
of the Kei River Basin. Beaut tifully Stet specimens from
him have reached Kew chiefly through Mr.
Ernest E. Galpin, Esq., of Gaitisd vii has put collections rich
in undescribed species from the Transvaal, Swaziland, and the
Queenstown district
Dr. Emi! Holub contributed the entire collection made by him
during his travels in South Africa between the years 1872
and 1879.
William Nelson, Esq., of Johannesburg, has sent an extensive
d of plants from the Transvaal and adjoining territory.
v. William Moyle Bipot of Bournemouth, has contri-
buted a het of plants po various parts of Cape Colony,
containing several noveltie
Mrs. Katharine darag has communicated from time to time
interesting plants from Natal, Zululand, and the Lobombo
Mountains.
William Tyson, Esq., of Kokstad, Griqualand kg has sent a
large and interesting collection of plants from the Eastern districts
of Cape Colony, Griqualand East, and Pangoni E
numerous new he ae: es. He is commemorated in the "Boragi neou
genus, Tyson
Tt y remains to add that the expense of preparation and
publication of the present volume has Mes aided by grants from
the Governments of Cape Colony and Nata
WoR D.
Kew, May, 1897.
DLXXI—HANDLIST OF TENDER MONOCOTY-
LEDONS.
This further instalment of the detailed catalogues of the living
collections in the Royal Gardens was issued in July. The
following historical account is given in the preon of the history
of the portion comprised in the present Handlist :
The scope of the contents, which are somewhat heterogeneous,
-is dictated in great measure by convenience. It includes large
14359 B2
230
` groups of plants of great scientific interest, which, for various
this reason it is hoped that it may be found not less useful than
its predecessors.
A few words may be said as to the history at Kew of the more
important of the groups now catalogued,
SCITAMINEJE,
. An order eee gingers, pide pani, and musas. I
numbers some 450 species, of which 240 are in cultivation at
Kew. A dnd all are natives of pe tropics. About 40 species
are given in 1813 in the second edition of Aiton’s Hortus
Kewensis, and 139 by John Smith, Curator of the Royal Gardens,
1841-63, in his privately printed Records of Kew (p. 222) as
forming * the Kew collection between the years 1822 and 1864.”
~ Musa Ensete, one of the most popular representatives of the
family and a cons] enon ornament of the S us of Southern
sent seeds from which plants ce raised, one o ' which was
ultimately figured in the Botanical Magazine (tt. 5223, 524),
Strelitzia Regine, a beautiful plant, which almost gena T
preserves an unbroken descent at Kew, was named by Sir Joseph
Banks in honour of Queen Charlotte, a daughter of the Take
of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, but of which, with characteristic
modesty, he allowed the elder Aiton to publish the description.
Banks had sp it to the Royal Gardens in 1773 from the
Cape of Good Ho
Strelitzia Au dal was introduced in 1791 by Francis Masson,
the botanical collector for the Royal Gardens, where it has been
cultivated ever since, It may have been named in spine tient
to the Princess Augusta, mother of George III.
The collection is dispersed, according to the habits of the plants
and the different treatment they require, between the Palm
House, No. L, the Stove (No. IX.), and the Water Lily House
(No. XV.). A few are represented in the Temperate House.
BROMELIACE A.
The order of which the pine-apple is a familiar representative ;
c species are mostly epiphytal on trees and exclusively natives
the New World. According to Aiton's Hortus Kewensis,
16 species had been introduced at Kew previous to 1813. In 1864
Smith -— (Records p. 206) that the number amounted to
arly 1
nearly
I dir II. to the Kew Report for sue a list of species
cultivated at that time was given, numbering 147. The voe
of the collection was much increased by the pahia in 1 386 o
a large selection from that formed by the late Professor aM
Morren, of Liége, which was at the time probably the richest in
existence. The number of species comprised in the present list
amounts to 252.
Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., the present keeper of the Herbarium of
the. e cya Gardens, based his invaluable Handbook of the
231
Bromeliacee (1889) in great measure on the Kew collection of
living plants, supplemented by the unique collection of drawings
also tmn ed by Professor Morren and acquired by the Bentham
Trustees for the Kew Library.
For many years sen collection of Bromeliacee was grown in the
Palm House. The a mosphere was, however, too dry for their
successful ili vatios. and in 1883 they were removed to the
Stove (No. IX.) and Victoria House (No. X.)
CAPE BULBS.
The orders Hemodoracee, Iridee, Amaryllidew, and Liliacec,
though widely dispersed, are represented in especial profusim in
South Africa, and the species from that part of the world are
ERE often spoken of in cultivation as * Cape Bu Ibs. 2 The
ixth volume of the Flora Capensis is entirely devoted to their
deho
tthe instance of the Royal Society the practice was Sene
in 1772 of ice out ere of plants to foreign countries
from Kew. Francis Masson, in whose honour the genus Mdélonia
was named, twice pret the Cipe of Good Hope for this purpose ;
eus from 1774-6; ; and secondly, from 1786-95. He “collected and
t home a profusion ou pla nts unknown till that time to the
botante gardens in Europe.’
James see ie e (commemorated i in Bowiea) collected at the Cape for
-23. EI
Kew from e introduced amongst numerous other
plants the wall-imown AS. via nobilis
The method of growing Cape bu Ibs in this vector Ret red
adopted M Kewis thus d described by Smith (Records, pp. 312, 313):—
“The garden collection of bulbs were grown in glaze taie called
the bulb borders, attached to the fronts of Tal Botany Bay, Cape,
and Palm Houses, the length of the whole being 234 feet, width
5 feet. They received heat from the flue that heated the house
through openings left in the brickwork, end in severe winters they
were protected by shutters. In these borders the principal of
Masson’s and Bowie’s collections were well maintained for many
years.”
This system, which has been since reverted to partially, is
admitted the best when the bulbs are planted out. But for the
ulk of the collection it is more convenient.to grow them in pots.
When at rest these are kept in a private house (No. XVII. ©.),
from enm when in flower, they are removed to the Cape House
(No.
No boron statistics are available as to the number of
species of tender bulbous plants aig: at REÍ ares at
Kew. But the numbers enumerated in the present list are :—
Hemodoracee, 28; Irideæ, 221; Swat gHdss, 488; tie 512;
making a total of 1249,
YuCCAS, ALOES, AND AGAVES.
needle ”) ons to the order Liliacee Agave to ri lieu.
In habit they have all many points of. resemblance uud mem the
majority flourish under similar cultural conditions. Hence Agave,
_ though it has no near botanical affinity with Joe, is Mer ealled
232
American, Of the group of Alaineæ nine species are Moss
The `
m
to South Africa in 1817-23, and a large number of species were
introduced which were described by Haworth ; few of these have
probably been lost since that time. The collection was largely
enriched in 1889 by purchases from the celebrated collection of
the late John T. Peacock, Esq., of Sudbury House, Hammersmith.
A selection from his extensive collection of succulents had been
temporarily exhibited in the South Octagon of the Temperate
House from 1878-81 (Kew Report, 1818, p. 6). Appendix IT. of
the Kew Report for 1880 gave a catalogue of the 4 loinece, Y uccoidee’
and Agaves cultivated in the Royal Gardens, including those in
the Peacock collection. It enumerates 296 species.
Those catalogued in the present Hand List amount to 377.
One of the most interesting introductions of recent times is the
great Natal Tree-Aloe (Aloe Bainesii), of which the first plant in
European gardens was raised from a cutting sent to Kew in 1867
by Mrs. Barber. It is figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 6848).
PALMS. :
Palms form an order of plants which is conspicuously distinct
from all others. Their salient characters are indeed familiar at a
glance. The majority are natives of the Tropics, and therefore in
Afri
countries, and to these the gardens of Southern Europe owe much
of their striking character and beauty. The Kew Bulletin for 1889
The total number of species actually known to botanists is
upwards of 1100, but many doubtless still remain to be
described.
In 1768 six species were enumerated in Hill’s Hortus Kewensis
as in cultivation at Kew, In 1787 Aiton in his Hortus Kewensis
238
gives 10, and in 1813, in the second edition, 20. Smith states
(Records, p. 96) that in 1830 the collection had increased to
species and enumerates 141 species as cultivated in the
Royal D from 1760-1864 (pp. 98-106). Appendix II. to
the Kew Report for 1582 (pp. 53-73) contains a classified list
of the Palms cultivated in fhe Royal Gardens; this includes
370 species.
The number catalogued in the present Hand List amounts to
407. Of these 40 are represented in the Temperate House. Thi
is probably the largest assemblage of species of the order to be
found in any one place in the world. Itis doubtful whether it
does not exceed that in the Botani Garden at Buitenzorg, i in Java,
which in any case excels the Kew collection in the magnitude of
individual species if it does not actually do so in the number
ree
n 1820, according to Smith (p. 96), the palms “occupied a
E house called the Palm House which stood about 100 font
ouse (No. 1I.
was 60 feet long, 16 feet wide, and 15 feet high at the back." In
1328, to accommodate the increasipg size of the specimens, “ the
house was raised four feet.”
He continues :—“ In 1830 ithe collection had increased to 40
species, which necessitated placing some of them in other houses.
During the latter years of the reign of George III. and George IV.,
anew Palm House was contemplated, and a plot of ground set
apart for its erection ; but nothing was done until the accession
of William IV., who took much interest in improving the Gardens.
In 1834 a plan fora spacious Palm House was prepared by the
celebrated architect, Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, and in October, 1834, a
spot was selected and the length of the house marked out in the
presence of the King.”
he project was not, however, carried out, and it was not until
the Royal Gardens became a public institution that it was accom
plished. The present building was completed in 1848, from the
designs of Decimus Burton, Esq. The length of the structure is
362 feet ; its width in the centre 100 feet, and height 66 feet ; the
wings are 50 feet wide and 30 feet high.
The oldest renes in the house is Sabal blackburniana. Of
these there were -n specimens, one of which was taken down
for want of room in 1876. Smith gore Pp. 122 re >
the following ical of them :— my entering Kew the
on looking in I was struck with what I then considered a wonderful '
plant, a large-leaved Fan Palm ; and I found there was another of the
same kind and size at the other end of the hou - There
is no record of their — in the Gard n books
Probably they formed a part of the great collection of plants
introduced by Admiral Bligh in 1793, on his urr home after
having introduced the Bread Fruit tree into ae West Indies.”
The history of the palm has, however, always been enveloped in
confusion. Its native home has been shown in the Botany of
the Challenger Expedition (Part I., pp. 70-3) to be Bermuda.
figure of the Kew ae in que ven on Plate V. of that work.
A few other old specimens may be mentioned. e large p
of Jubæa spectabilis in ey Temperate House is no doubt one of
234
“several plants raised from seeds collected in Chili by the
botanical tenet Thomas Bridges, and — from his agent,
H. Cumming, in 1843” (Smith, Records, 1).
Trachy NAAT martiana is represe ented i in the Temperate Hous
by two fine specimens purchased “at the sale of the callestigiis
that peser er the Conservatory of the Royal Horticultural
Society’s Gardens, South Kensington, in 1889. They are supposed
to have been originally obtained from the garden of the Duke of
Wellington at Strathfieldsaye.” One is figured in the Bot. Mag.
(t. 7 —
Howea belinoreana.—* This palm was discovered by W. Milne,
botanical collector (1852-9) for Kew on the surveying ship
er aptain Denham. One plant was received at Kew
(Smith, “Records, p. 115.) It is peculiar to Lord Howe's island
and was long grown at Kew under the name of Veitchia canter-
roris The Kew plant is figured in the Bot. Mag. (t. 7018),
where it is stated to have been sent from the Sydney Botanical
Gardens.
Trachycarpus excelsa is represented by specimens in different
parts of the grounds. The hisjory of the old specimen near the
principal entrance (which formerly stood in front of No. I. house
may be recorded. A native of Chusan cto the — of China,
itis one of *six plants eceived fr
Mr. Robert Fortune, a well-known Lb Pin collector ”
(Smith, Records, p. 116).
Palms in cultivation are slow in developing the full size of
their crowns. But when once this stage is achieved the upw ward
growth of the stem is comparatively rapid. But the see is
reached when the dome of the Palm House is unable to accom-
modate their height, and it is then necessary to cut iind down
and replace them. A great clearance was made from this cause
in 1876 (Report, p. 4). Perhaps the greatest ornament of the
alm House which os felled at me date was the stately plant
of Livistona humilis, pire in the Bot. Mag. (t. 6274).
According to Smith (Record OP 118), it had been received in
4 as a germinating seed det in a case from Australia by Allan
Cunningham.
SCREW PINES.
The Pandanacee are an order of trees or shrubs allied
botanically to Aroids, but differing widely in habit. They are
all tropical or nearly so, and natives of the African islands and
those of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Including Cyclanthacee,
gome 115 species are inn and of these about half are in culti-
vation at. Kew, mostly in the Palm House. According to Smith
Goyal Ge pp. 126-7) in 1864 the number of species grown in the
al Gardens
"The doles d been much increased by the plants raised
from seeds brought from Rodriguez in 1874 by Professor Bayley
Balfour bim etteched as naturalist to the Transit of Venus
Expeditio
Two itid plants which were long perhaps the most striking
features in the North Wing of the Palm House no longer exist.
Their prospective removal on account of size was foreshadowed
235
in the Kew ee aoe tor ein (p. 4), but it was not accomplished,
and in the o t by design, till nearly twenty years la l ater.
The Boii stea respecting them were given in the
Kew Bulletin for 1895, pp. 319-321.
Pandanus odoratissimus.—There is no record of the apis
introduction of the striking plant which, under this
occupied a conspicuous position at the extreme end of the otek
wing. Smith mentions its existence eee ‘ds, p. 96) in 1823.
Unfortunately screw pines grow only from the extremities of
their branches, and do not when cut in pe new growths b
the development of ae rasiaan buds. No ordinary horticultural
uilding can therefore eventually meli on te them, and their
removal on account of unmanageable size is only a question of
time. Before its removal the great Kew Screw Pine * had about
40 branches, each bearing a huge tuft of foliage, and it measured
30 ft. in height, with a diameter of 40 ft. Its weight would be
about 6 tons.
It was a female plant and first fruited in 1883, and produced its
large heads = fruits about a foot long almost every subse sequens
season. It was removed in 1894 and was then penne five he
Up to 1882 its was grown in a tub, and there is a good figure of it
in that stage in the supplement to the Gardeners’ Chronicle for
August 5th, 1876. In that year it was lowered into a brick pit
pa for the purpose and so gained an additional space in
height of 5 ft. The base of the stem with the mass of aerial roots
has bos carefully preserved for future exhibition in No. HE
Museum. An illustration was published in the Gardeners’
Chronicle for January 5th 95. JP. odoratissimus, Roxb., is
reduced in the Flora of British India to P. fascicularis, Lam.
Pandanus reflecus—This was a striking plant of great size
which stood at the end of the north wing near the staircase. It
immediately attracted attention from its dense heads of enormous
stiff sword-shaped leaves. According to Smith (Records, p. 126)
it was introduced to Kew by Wallich in 1818. P. reflexus is an
with certainty. It was a male plant, and ped correct determination
of agis ot this sex presents great difficu
In July, 1889, a large plant of undated odoratissimus was
received from the Oxford Botanic Garden and planted in the
alm House immediately opposite the P. verres It died in the
following November, apparently from the same disease as event-
ually also killed the larger plant. In 1891 it was noticed that the
foliage of this had a rer vaste yellowish and unhealthy ug veces
The great heads of leaves then began one by one to fall over,
evidently from a rotting of e»: stem at the * neck." “The 7 were
a but the mischief continued and eventually it became
z to sacrifice the whole plant. The disease was almost
certainly due to the attacks of a fungus, Melanconium Pandani,
s been very destructive to Screw Pines in European
Botanic Gardens.
AROIDS.
Aroidec are a well-marked order of. Mns "enia: in =
own flora by the * Cuckoo-pint " ur hedge-ro rows, Som
236
900 D: are known, of which 360 are cultivated at — They
va n habit from terrestial herbs to tall climbers. A large
proportion are tropical and these have since 1863 enc cultivated
h ouse, the ainetta conservatory removed by
Willi liam IV. in — et Buckingham Palace to serve the
purpose of a Palm
Aiton, in the first edition of the Hortus Kewenzis (1787)
records 20 species ; the second (1813) gives 44 as grown at Kew.
Smith (Records, p. 92) enumerates 148 as in cultivation in 1864.
In Appendix I. io the Kew Report for 1877 a catalogue is given
of 250 apecies and varieties.
ne species, without doubt the most i cso of the order,
Amorphophallus Titanum, is no longer in the Kew collection.
A full description of it is given in the Bot. vem (tt. 7153-5
Sir Joseph Hooker writes :—“ The plant, which flowered in
June, 1889, was received by Sir Joseph Hooker from Dr. 0. Beccari,
through the Ma rchese Corsi Salviati, of Sq near Florence
discovered the plant in Sumatra in 1871.” The Kew plant did
not mature seeds and died after flowering. A full-sized picture
of the species may be seen on the ceiling of Museum No. III
GRASSES.
The number of grasses which it is worth while to grow under
glass is not large. Two of the largest Bamboos are noteworthy
features in the centre of the Palm House :— Bambusa vulgaris
and Dendrocalamus giganteus. The former has been in culti-
vation at Kew from the beginning of the century. The latter,
which was one of Wallich’s discoveries in the Malay Peninsula,
reached it later, probably from the Royal Botanic Garden,
Calcutta.
In the Victoria House there is growing in the gp a pi
specimen of Gynerium saccharoides, the “
commerce. It was A nt to the Royal br in BIS by
Dr. Capanema from Rio de s 1052) iA occasionally flowers. It
is figured in the Bot. e (t. 735
JUIEE —FIJI INORI NUTS.
were sent out to Mr. D. Yeo ward, Sora tor of the Botanic Station
at adn Fiji, with a request that he would endeavour to identify
ihem
In a letter, just received, Mr. Yeoward referred them to the
«Niu Sawa” (Veitchia Joannis, Wendl.), a palm discov
237
Fiji by Dr. Berthold Seemann, and introduced into cultivation, in
Eurcpean gardens, by Mr. John Veitch. A figure is given in
Nicholson’s Dictionary of Gardening, vol. IV., 139. The seeds
are described in Seemann's Flora Vitiensts, p. 21. “ The kernel
is ovoid ellipsoid, tapering into a rather blunt point, 30-35 mm. long
and 2 cm. in diameter, and attached, from the base to the apex, to
a f the ra i i
of delicate white vascular bundles. At the base these are placed
parallel to each other, but towards the point overlying each other.
The albumen, surrounde d by a purple-coloured skin, is hard,
white, even, and encloses a straight embr
“This palm,’ inda See mann, “ is found all over Viti, and there
is reason to believe that it is also found in the Tongan group
told; Sawa, signifying red in Tonganese — having no meaning
in Fijian), doubtless in allusion to the fruit, which merges from
bright orange into red. e spadix, on which the minute
moncecious green flowers are inserted, is much branche d, and the
branches form large bunches, which, when loaded with ripe fruit,
are rather weighty. “As many as eight of these bunches are often
seen on a tree ai one time in various stages of development.
The fruit is about the size of a walnut. At first green, it gradually
changes into bright orange, and ultimately merges into red at the
base. The kernel has a slight astringent taste, and is eaten by
the natives, especially by the: y oungsters.”
It l be observed that there is no mention here of the kernels
becoming hard, or ivory-like, or of their use except in the young
and soft state. It seems possible, however, that in the hard and
dried condition of those shown at the Colonial and Indian
Exhibition, they may be used for making buttons and other
small articles similar to those prepared from the common ivory
nuts of South America.
CURATOR, BOTANIC STATION, FIJI, TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
: Suva, Fiji, 30/9/96.
SIR,
e the honour M _ Soo wiege the receipt | of yours
asking in for nation on the ivory nut exhibited by the Mango
Island Company at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition of E
The nut is believed here to be that of the native ** Niu Saw
alm which grows to a great height, and is named by Svein
(Veitchia Joannis). But, of course, native names are not to be
relied on, and he might have received the name of Niu Sawa for
some other palm, although his M € fairly weil to
the seeds of one I am sending In the meantime, I will
prepare segama of the flowers se a leaf, ii if you should
want them, they will be ready for you. I have cleaned two of the
seeds, and send you some dozen or so for planting. You will see
that those cleaned are almost identical with the one you sent,
_except, of course, the two cleaned are fresher, and not quite
so hard.
Yours most obediently,
D. YEOWARD,
Curato
r,
238
DLXXIIL—ADDITIONS TO LIST OF KEW
PUBLICATIONS, 1841—1895.
In the prefatory note to the list published on pp. 1-84 it was
remarked as probable that some publications which should have
been included, * have eluded research or have been overlooked.”
This proves to have been the case, and the following Runpiemoniay
list has been prepared by B. Daydon Jackson, Esq., Sec. L.
1867.
The Cultivated Selaginellas. By J. G. orare. Gard. Chron.,
782-783 ; 902—903 ; 950 ; 1120; 1190-91 ;
1868.
The genus Funkia, By J. G. Blaker], Gard. Chron., 1015.
uu 26, NoTE.—In Harvey’s Genera of South Ad eas
ed. by j.p. Hooker, the Filices were written by J. G. Bak
pp. 458-471.)
Synopsis Filieum ; or, a Synopsis of all known Ferns, including
the Osmundacez, Schizsacete, Marattiacee, and Ophioglossaces,
chiefly derived from the Kew Herbarium, accompanied ag ww
representing the essential characters of each genus. By t
W. J. Hooker and J. G. Baker. [NOTE .—Pp. 1-55 by Sir w
Hooker, the remainder by Mr. ‘Baker. ]
1869.
Refugium Botanicum; or, Figures and Descriptions from
Living Specim gd of little known or New Plants of Botanical
Interest. Edited by W. W. Saunders. The ro arci by .
J. G. Baker, the plates by W. H. Fitch, vol. i
Epilóbiusn Eun iu aoe al in Orkney or Shetland. By
J. Britten, Journ. Bot., vii., pp. 340-341.
1870,
The Known forms of Yucca. By J. G. Baker, Gard. Chron.,
pp. 828; 923; 1088; 1122-1123; 1183-1184 ; 1217.
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, vol. i, pars. cd Pp. 306-624.
Cyatheacez et Polypodiacee exposuit, J. G. Bak
Refugium Botanicum . edited by W. W. Saunders. The
descriptions by J. G. Baker, vol. iii.
Remarks on Asarum europeum, Linn. By J. Britten. Journ.
Bot., viii., pp. 84-86.
On a new locality (Herefordshire) for Asarum europeum,
Linn. By the same, l.c., p. 161.
239
Viola Paillouxii, ee identieal with the Cornfield Pansy.
By the same, l.c., pp. 225-224. :
[Additions to T. A. Preston's] Flora of Marlborough. By the
same, l.c., pp. 324-325
1871.
Martius, Flora Brasiliensis, vol. xiv., pars. H., pp. 173-219.
Connaracew et Ampelides. J. G. Baker.
Refugium Botanicum . . . edited by W. W. Saunders. The
descriptions by J. G. Baker, vol.iv. |
Protandry in Butomus umbellatus, Linn. By J. Britten,
Journ. Bot., ix., p. 17.
Additions to "dli Flora of Marlborough. By the same, l.c.,
p. 374.
1872.
Refugium Botanicum . edited ee w W. Saunders, The
descriptions by J. G. Baker, vol. v. , parts 1
1874.
Synopsis Filicum . . . By the late W. J. Hooker and
J. G. Baker ed. II,
es
Carnivorous Plants. By J. Hooker. (Rep. Brit. Assoc.,
1874.) Reprinted in Journal of Maite Asia, i., pp. 38-62.
1878.
On some of the Economic Plants of Marocco. On the Canarian
Flora as compared with the Maroccan. Comparison of the
Maroccan oo with that of the mountains of Tropical Africa.
App. D. [by J. D. Hooker] in *Journal of a Tour in
Marocco, b: I D. Hooker & J Ball?
Determination by [D. Oliver] of Plants collected near Akaba
by Mr. JOHN MILNE on Dr. Beke’s Expedition to Sinai, in Arabia,
January and February, 1874. b the late Dr. Charles Beke's
Discoveries in Arabia and Midian, pp. 593-594.
1880.
Refugium —€— Ó ^ i edited by W. W. Saunders, The
SevonpHons by J. G. Baker, vol. v part 2
Note.—The date on the title- cu is “ 1873."
1883.
English Botany ; X Coloured Figures of estet uem
Ed. HI. . . . by J. T. Boswell (formerly J. T. Boswel 2
y ud
[revised and figures added by N. E. Brows] vol xii, hn ES
240
1884.
English Botany . . . [revised by N. E. Brown,] Nos. 86, 87.
1885.
English Botany . . ppm by N. E. Brown,] No. 88.
1886.
English Botany. .. No. 89. Index to the whole work, by
N. E. Brown. The complete volume is dated 1886.
1887.
List of Economic Plants of Western Africa, [by J. M. Hillier.]
In Moloney’s Sketch of the Forestry of West Africa, pp. 269-
. 458.
1888.
Les Cypripediées, texte par A. Godefroy-Lebeuf
N. E. Brown—1 re Livraison.
he Ver etable Resources of the West Indies, by D. Morris,
Journal Tient Chamber of Commerce, April, 1888.
1891.
English Botany; or Coloured Figures of British Plants.
Supplement to the Third Edition, Part 1. Pagare
Celastracez ] compiled and illustrated by N. E. Brow
1893.
English Botany, . . Parts 2 and 3 [Sapindaceg-Dipsacez.] .. .
by N. E. Brown.
DLXXIV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
Mr. JOHN MAHON, a member of the Staff of the Royal
Gardens, has been appointed, on the Vigne tinge of Kew,
by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, to the post of
Forester under the British Central pirmi Broka te.
Long Reiga Celebration.—On June 22, the day of the Official
Celebration of iie Majesty the Queen's long reign, the Royal
yardens were sed to the public by order hes H.M.’s First
Commissioner of "Works and Public Buildings, in order to give
the members of the Staff and employés an Podere of seeing
the Queen's progress through London. A Royal Standard, lent
by the Admiraliy for the occasion, was flown from the vasa
Spruce Spar, believed to be the tallest in the Old World.
\ 241
Honours for Indian Botanists—Amongst the honours bestowed
by the mie on the occasion of the celebration of Her Majesty's
long reign, t will = pec an acceptable to the botanical
world. Both “Sir Joseph Hooker and Lieut.-General Strachey
were promoted to be Knights Gadd Cobetanene of the Star of
India. This is one of the most restricted honours in the gift of
pr ago the Eastern, the latter was occupied with the same
the Western Himalayas. General Strachey’s botanical
epini made at the time have never been surpassed or
superseded, and supplied apan material for the preparation
of the Flora of British India
Botanical Magazine for June.—The plants figured are : Renanthera
Storiei, Strobilanthes callosus, Veronica diosmeefolia, var. tri. sepala,
Begonia Baumanni, and Lelia longipes. The Renanthera is 2
magnificent species from the Philippine Islands. The drawing
from a specimen communicated by Sir Trevor
Lawrence. Strobilanthes callosus, native of Western India, was
raised from seeds sent to Kew from the Saharanpur Botanical
Gardens. The bracts AO a resinous substance which 2 an
odour resembling Patchouli (see Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 98).
he V.
l
being fragrant. It is a native of Bolivia, and flowered at Kew in
September, 1896. The Zelia is a small-flowered species from
Brazil, ag: to L. crispilabia, The plant figured was sent to Kew
rs. F. Sander & Uo., of St. Albans, in 1893, and flowered
for the first time in July, 1896.
Tropical African Plants.—A large and interesting Wirt ae
Nyasaland, made by Mr. Alex. Whyte and others, bee
presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, K.C.B., late H.M. De ae ei
in British Central Africa. The country Mie comprises Zomba
and its vieinity, Mt. Malosa, the Nyika Hange, and the country
between Kondow ve and Karonga. An account of this journey has
Gazette between October, 1896, — Febras ary, - 1897. The
collection, which contains some 200 new species, is especially rich
in Rubiacesw, and gives a very bm plote. idea of the vegetation of
the region trave
Prof. A. Engler, Director of the Botanical Gardens and Museum,
Baumann and Stuhlman. A set of the eere colleeted by Zanker
in aed D eroons, has — ‘contributed by Dr. E. Gilg.
. W. Barbey has ilte nec of the plants collected,
chiefly: in norther n Abymsinia, by Dr. G. Sehweinfurth, which are
in course of vuiticnBon 5 in the Bulletin de l Herbier Boissier.
^e ee tone yg
242
à ut. s J. Lugard, has been received from the collectors,
ontains many undescribed species. The plants collected
Boite ins: and South Abit by the late Mr. Theodore Bent, have:
also been presented to
An interesting collection, made in N'gamiland by Major F. D. ‘i
d,
Fruit Industries in Jamaica.—O wing to the depression in the
sugar industry in the West Indies, considerable interest attaches to
the development of other industries likely to prove serviceable in
such islands as are fortunate enough to possess the necessary
conditions. In Jamaica, for instance, with a considerable extent
of land rising above the level of the sea a diversified system of
cultivation is practicable, and already leading to successful results.
From the Blue Book of Jamaica, it appears that the total exports
for the year 1895-96 were of the value of £1,873,105. Of this
amount the exports to the United Kingdom were of the value
of £517, qe while those to the re ‘States were of the value
of £1, 067, 86. The considerable trade now carried on between
Jamaica ie the he ste States is chiefly in fruit and other fresh
ropical produce conveyed by a considerable fleet of- steamers
locust fitted for ie purpose, The principal taal Seats is
ana. Of this, A 796 bunches were export 1895-96
of the value of rm 560, while oranges, owin ng t ae recent
destruction of the orange ‘trees in Flo orida, ead exported to the
number of 97,925,398, and the value of £169,794. These two
fruits were therefore shipped to the value of £156,35 4, During
the same period the exported value of sugar (formerly the chief
staple of the —— amounted to only £195,459, while the value
of the rum was £164,600. The combined value of the exports in
sugar and rum was therefore £260,059, ond one-fifth of the whole
produce of the Colony or about £200, 000 le Begs the combined
value of two of the fruits exported, viz., the Bail nas and oranges.
— has, however, other valuable industries ; the logwood
ue
£359, 039, coffee a value of £284,821, gin iger a value of £50,328,
pimento or allspice a value of £90, 046, cigars a value of £7,649,
and tobacco a value of £197. It may be mentioned ‘that
numerous other fruits and fruit products besides bananas and
oranges are being gradually increased in export value from year
to year. The following figures afford interesting indications of
this increase : cocoa-nuts, "e37,774 ; grape-fruit, £5,832 ;
, ime
juice, £5,585; pine-apples, £524; kola-nuts, £291; whilst,
tamarinds and unenumerated fruits account for £212. The total
value of the fruit exported from Jamaica at the present time
amounts to £537,601. The fruit exported from Jamaica as
the Tangerine orange is for the most part the large fruited
Mandarin orange, native of China. Both the leaves and the loose
rind of this fruit possess a characteristic ouer unlike that of any
other of the orange tribe. The true Tangerine orange is smaller
than the Mandarin, with an ERA wg slightly perfumed
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
No. 128-129.] AUGUST-SEPTEMBER. (1897.
r DLXXV.—DIAGNOSES AFRICANÆ, X.
The following descriptions include some of the novelties con-
tained in several important collections recently received at Kew
That of Dr. Forsyth Major, amounting to 575 species was made in
Central Madagascar, an area in which he had been preceded by
the Rev. R. Baron; the proportion of new species found was
consequently T so great as it would otherwise have been.
Mr. G. L. Bates has sent several small collections from the
Cameroons eco and although he bas not penetrated far into the
interior, he has succeeded in discovering a number of POE
undescribed plants. Sir Harry H. Johnston, late
missioner in British Central Africa, has transmitted to Kew ths
extensive and important collections ET by Mr. Alexander Whyte,
Head of Scientific Department, Zom ore arge portion of these
were made in North Nyasaland, a giis which had never
Gonos been explored Errep e
418. Cleome debere Baker [Capparidee]; ad C. mono-
phyllam, Linn., ;
Herba erecta, pcm pubescens. Folia ere lanceolata,
acuta, integra, ascendentia, inferiora 14-2 poll. longa, superiora
valde reducta. Flores axillares, iggy nedioellis 3-6 lin. longis,
fructiferis patulis. Sepala lanceolata, dense pubescentia, 2 lin.
longa. Petala obovata, Du unguiculata, pcm calyce pa aulo
longiora. Stamina 8-10, calyci squilonga. Capsula verge
2-24 poll. longa, pubescens, crebre fangtiedihnaliter nervata, ad
basin sensim angustata, valvis a placentis demum dinde.
Semina curvata, pallide brunnea, glabra, rugis transversis ornata.
VU BRETIAR CENTRAL AFRICA. Plains of Zomba, alt. 2500--3500 ft.,
yte.
419. Pittosporum oblongifolium, C. H. Wright Je ch ;
arborescens, foliis oblongis glabris chartaceis, cymis pauciflori
14538—1375—9/97 Wt 6] D&S 29 A
244
Arbor parva. Folia integra vel Kd dentata, glabra, 7 poll.
longa, 24-3 poll. lata; petioli j-poll. longi. Cyme terminales,
pauciflore. Sepala 2 lin. longa, rotundata, valde imbricata, minute
fimbriata. Petala oblonga, quam sepala sesquilongiora, viridi-
dicen Fila he dee brevia; anthere oblongs; connectivum
supra endic riosam productum. Ovariwm globosum,
piai 4 Sbaresubula: atlas filiformis, stigmate subpeltato.
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA. Efulen, Cameroons, Bates, 432.
The oblong leaves are much larger and less coriaceous, and the
cymes bear fewer flowers than in any other African species.
420. Pittosporum malosanum, Baker [Pittosporee]; ad P
abyssinicum, Del., et P. viridiflorum, Sims, arcte accedit.
rutex vel arbor pa: rva. Rami graciles, juniores pubescentes.
Folia breviter petiolata, vicini oblonga, acuta vel obtusa,
ae Pete glabra, 2-8 poll. longa, ad basin sensim attenuata
ym
vodicedlis calyce Sepe lon ioribus. Calyx campanulatus,
pubescens, 1 lin. longus, lobis ovatis obtusis, tubo brevissimo.
Petala oblanceolata, obtusa, flavo-brunnea, 24 lin.longa. Stamina
posts; paro breviora, filamentis antheris longioribus. Fructus
ceri CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba, alt.
4000-6000 ft., Whyte.
421. Hibiscus — Carsoni, — Secu day ad H.
micranthum, Linn., et H. petreum, Hiern, accedit
Herba perennis, 'sesquipedalia vel bipedal, Caulis erectus,
gracilis, setis stellatis appressis scaber. Folia obscure petiolata
oblanceolato-oblonga, obtusa, 3-34 poll. longs: subcoriacea, ad
basin rotundata, dimidio superiore dida infra medium triner-
vata. Panicula laxa, elongata, ramulis brevibus erecto-patentibus
ad apicem &epissime trifloris. Bractee epicalycis 6, lineares,
lobis lanceolatis. Petala cuneata, c a, 9-10 lin. longa, dorso
pilosa. Stylus petalis paulo Previo. Calla dense pilosa.
BRITISH CENTRAL Pu Fort uh Nyasa-Tanganyika
plateau, alt. 3000-4000 ft., yte; Fwambo, Lake Tanganyika,
alt. 5000-6000 ft., Carson. Caltiva ted a Kew in 1896 from seeds
gent by Mr. Kenneth J. Camer
422. Dombeya tanganyikensis, Baker [Sterculiacew]; ad D,
oe Rich., magis accedit.
i lignosi, graciles, glabri, teretes. Folia longe petiolata,
cordato-orbicularia, cuspidata, cre nata, 3-4 poll. longa et lata,
trinque dense pubescentia. Panicula terminalis, ampla,
osa, — multifloris ics -patentibus simpliciter
umbellatis furcatis; bracte ante anthesin duca,
pedicellis pilosis 3-4 lin. longis. Sepala lanceolata, acuminata,
44-5 lin. longa, dorso pubescentia. Petala cuneata, rubella,
persistentia, demum scariosa, sepalis equilonga, Stamina a basin
245
coalita ut cupulam ovario squilongam efficiant; staminodia
5. clavata, petalis paulo breviora. Ovarium globosum, dense
pi ilosu um.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika
plateau, alt. 3000—4000 ft., Whyte.
423. Hermannia erm Poen Aaronin] ad H. glandu-
uM K. Sehum H. arabicam, Harv. et Sond., magis
cedit.
Suffrutex ramosissimus. Rami graciles, lignosi, teretes, dense
dense glanduloso-pubescentia. Flores solitarii, usare, pedi-
cellis 2-5 lin.longis. Calyx dense glanduloso-pubescens, 2 lin.
longus, tubo brevi campanulato, dentibus kaos Fir "Petala
lanceolata, rubella, calyce vix longiora. Anthere@ lineares,
i
Carpella pubescentia, ee , 2 lin. longa, cuspidibus brevibus
ee instruc
TISH CENTRAL nds Monkey Bay, Lake Nyasa,
alt 1700 ft., Whyte.
424. TE erecta, N. E. Brown Sood ened H.denudate,
Linn. fl., similis, sed indumento facile distinquit
Frutex ramosa. Rami erecti, stricti, brunnei, pilis minutis
stellatis vestiti inter quos etiam pili magni stellati prcputatiies
interspersi atent. ^ Folia ascendentia, breviter petiolata ;
petiolus 15-2 lin. longus ; lamina 3-1] poll. longa, oblanceolata
su babrupte acuta, basi longe cuneata, integra, apicem versu
serrata, utrinque pilis fasciculatis vel stellatis pubescens ;
ipsi 3-5 lin. longe, j-1 lin. lat», lanceolate, acuminate.
Flores i gettin ; fasciculi 2-4-flori secus partem termin-
alem orum dispersi. Bracteæœ inferiores lineari-lanceolate
vel hasiren paite et bracteolæ 2 lin. longæ, subulate.
longi. Calyx 24-24. lin, longus et latus, subglobo S0- pesi rau nisi
usque ad 2 quing ue-dentatu o-tomentosus, dentibus late del-
toideis acuminatis. Petala 33 a longa, T lin. lata, unguiculata ;
limbus subobliquus, late oblon ngus, apice su btruncatus, laber
unguis convoluto-tubulosus, marginibus minute stellato eiia,
Stamina inclusa; filamenta 24 lin. longa, $ lin. lata, oblonga,
acuta, fere ad medium connata ; anther 1 lin. longs, oblonge,
apice minute bifide. | Ovarium oblonguin. pentagonum, stellato-
tomentosum, stylo tereto glabro.
ee Kaap Valley, Barberton, 2100 ft., April, Galpin,
oa renine depressa, N. E. Brown [Sterculiaceæ]; H. Woodii,
“pr a sed minus tomentosa, foliis et stipulis
sbi too differt
Rami prostrati, aie poll. win iio subflexuosi, brunnei, glandu-
loso-pubescentes, interdum per partes pilis stellatis parce obtecti.
Folia patentia ; in 1-2 lin, longus ; lamina 3-13 poll. longa
14538 A2
246
4-1 poll. lata, oblongo-ovata, obtusa, basi cordata vel late rotun-
data, marginibus plus minusve irregulariter crenato-dentata, supra
glabra, subtus plus minusve glanduloso-pubescens vel raris-
Sime in venis pilos stellatos paucos gerens. Stipule 1-1} lin.
longae, 1-1 lin. late, ovate, acute. Pedunculi 4-14 poll. longi,
axillares, biflori. Bractewe 1 -2 lin. longe, ut cucullum bifidum
conficiant connate. Pedicelli 2— T lin. longi, inzequales. Gülya
2-21 lin. longus, campanulatus, usque ad medium 5-lobus ; lobi
deltoidei, acuti; ii utrinque et pedunculus et podielu glanduloso-
pubescentes. Pe tala 3—4 lin. longa, 15-2 lin. lata, cuneato-obovata,
obtusa, glabra, aurantiaca. Stamina inclusa ; filamenta medio
utrinque tuberculata, dorso hirta. Ovarium obovoideum, glan-
duloso-pubescens, stylo parce hirto. Capsula subglobosa ; semina
glabra. ewe erodioides, var. latifolia, Harv.in Harv. & Sond.
Fl. Cap. 1 4.
SOUTH AFRICA. Griqualand East : mountains around Kokstad,
4500 ft, MacOwan, ps Aust.-Afr., 1419. Natal: near
Umlaas "River, 2000 f Wood, 1828; near Pietermaritzburg,
Sanderson; near Port K atal, Sutherland ; and without precise
locality, Gerrard. Prince Albert Div. : between the great Zwarte
Bergen and Kandos Berg, 2000-3000 ft., Drege, 7309. Albert
iv.: near Braam Boris Cooper, 1361. Basutoland, Cooper, 2007,
2010. Orange Free cian Bloemfontein, Rehmann, 3905 ; Sand
River, Burke, 400. Transvaal: Mooi River, Nelson, 333 ; Isid
around Barberton, 2800 ft, “Galpin, 1080.
426. Geranium sie ina Baker [Geraniacee]; ad G. simense,
Hochst., — ac
erba perennis. Caules decumbentes, pubescentes, graciles.
Folia breviter petiolata, ad basin trifida, pubescentia, 9-12 li lin
parvæ, lanceolatæ, scariosæ. Pedunculi erecti, graciles, elongati,
biflori, bracteis minutis lanceolatis mucronatis, pedicellis
mucronata, dorso dense pubescentia. Petala integra, cuneata,
pabesi 8.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte.
427. Pelargonium Whytei, Baker [Co ad P. alche-
milloides, Willd., et P. multibracteatum, Hochst., accedit.
Herba perennis, pedalis vel sesquipedalis. Cite ascendentes,
graciles, parce pilosi. Folia breviter jue per. parce pilosa,
trifida, segmentis obovato-cuneatis 1-1} poll. longis profunde
crenatis; stipule parva, ovate, acute, rta Pedunculi
elongati, ascendentes, 2—4-flori, bracteis 4—5 lanceolatis caspidatis
pubescentibus ; pedicelli re lin. longi. Sepala lanceolata,
cuspidata, pubescentia, 44 lin. longa. Petala oblanceolata,
rubra, calyce paulolongiora. Rostrum fructiforüm dense pilosum ;
lobi stigmatici 5, subulati, glabri. |
. BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 7000 ft.,
Whyte, 244.
247
428. Impatiens zombensis, Baker [ Geraniacez-Balsaminese] ; ad
I. capensem, Thunb., arcte accedit.
Caules graciles, erecti, sursum parce pilosi. Folia giis
petiolata, oblonga, acuta, membranacea, 2-3 poll. longa, ar
serrata, facie Pici dorso pubescentia, basi petioloque des
paucis glanduliferis predita. Pedunculi axillares, elongati,
erecti, simplices a furcati. Petala parva, violacea; calcar
curvatum poll. longum, tenue, e basi subulatum. Ovarium
E, glabrum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Plateau of Mount Zomba, alt.
5000-6000 ft., Whyte.
á 429. e —— Baker [Ochnaces»]; ad O. macrocalycem,
liv., acc
Arbor "e ramulis gracilibus. Folia alterna, sessilia, oblongo-
lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata, 24-3 poll. longa, 9-12 lin. lata,
i
brevissimo, pedicellis gracillimis glabris 6—9 m longis. Sepala
post anthesin viridia, lineari-oblonga, a. , 9-6 lin. longa.
Gerad saris duplo breviora. Carpella 5, globosis glabra ;
stylus 2 lin. longus, apice stigmatosus, past capitatu
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near "e alt.
4000-6000 ft., Whyte.
430. Ochna shirensis, Baker [Ochnaces]; ad O. macrocalycem,
Oliv., etiam accedit.
Arbor glabra, ramulis lignosis virgatis. Folia brevissime
petiolata, oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, 2-3 poll. longa, basi cuneata,
denticulata, firmula, utrinque viridia glabra. Racemi axillares,
simplices vel basi furcati, breviter pedunculati, pauciflori vel
multiflori, pedicellis gracilibus 6-9 lin. longis. Sepala post
i i i i lin.
anthesin lineari-oblonga, pallide brunnea, kz onga.
Stamina —— duplo breviora, antheris par oblongis per
longitudin totam dehisce cd eem "b car! stylus
integer, ipte stigmatosus, capitatu
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. duet Zomba and Mount Malosa,
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte.
431. Gymnosporia UEM, Baker [Celastrinese]; pedunculis
solitariis haud furca
Frutex inermis. Rami virgati, P oer pubescentes. Folia
alterna, breviter petiolata, oblonga, 2-3 poll. longa, obtusa, integra,
rigide coriacea, facie obscure, dorso eis whe nest iun
centia. Rasin „den nsi, pa auciflo ori, Lh pedunculi bre yos,
lanceolate, pilose. Calyx parvus, campanulatus, dense pilosus
dentibus 5 deltoideis. Petala 5, oblonga, obtusa, $ lin. longa.
Stamina petalis breviora. Fru ictus ignotus.
won CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 4000-6000 ft.,
yte.
248
432. Lasiodiscus marmoratus, C. H. Wright [Rhamnacee]; arbor-
scens, Pes junioribus dense ferrugineo-tomentosis, foliis basi
modis dug
Arbor parva. Rami petioli pedunculique pilis Von ne
vestiti. Folia a o er pem ata, basi rotundata viter
pea , Obscur chartacea, supra glabra, subtus da Bene
ute Sie Honesty o: 9 olt =e 54 poll. lata, nervis siccitate
albis. Panicule axillares, 6 poll. longs multiflore. Flores 3lin.
diam. Calycis lobi triangulares s, valvati, SERI. tomentosi, per
anthesin reflexi. Petala alba, cucu llata, quam sepala multo
minora. Stamina 5, petalis velata. iscus iie annularis,
ovarium obtegens. Ovarium triloculare, ovulis in quoque loculo
solitariis ; stylus trilobatus.
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA. Efulen, Cameroons, Bates, 358.
This can be at once distinguished gabe Mannii, Hook. fil., by
the dense rusty tomentum on the y e irre and petioles
and by the rotundate bases of ihe lea The veins on the
dod side of the leaf are conspicuous by ‘their whiteness, at least
when dry.
Ee Vitis Gee) variifolia, Baker [Ampelides]; ad V. con-
m, Baker, accedit,
xs ules validi, ina pubescentes, cirrhis haud wv. a
nodiis superioribus 2-3 poll. longis. Folia sessilia, 1—3-fol
foliola oblanceolato- ob Ney subacuta, supra basi “rel
6-9 poll. longa, supra medium 2-23 poll. lata, subcoriacea, facie
scabra, es pubescentia, e medio ad basin sensim angustata ;
stipule magne, foliaceæ, persistentes, ovato-acuminate. Pantcula
terminalis, sessilis vel pedunculata, 2 poll. diam., ramis pubes-
centibus, pedicels brevibus. alyx oe Pe ied minutus,
pubescens, dentibus 4 parvis latis. Corolla 1 lin. longa, viridis,
Res nstr iota. petalis f diu conniventibus. tvar jiita globosum,
glabru
fe CENTRAL AFRICA. Plain of Zomba, alt. 2500-3000 ft.,
Whyte.
434, Vitis (Cissus) gue dee, Baker [ Ampelidez]; ad V. con-
gestam, Baker, magis acc
Caules validi, flexuosi, pubescentes cirrhis haud obviis, inter-
nodis superioribus 3-4 poll. lon Folia sessilia vel sub-
sessilia, 2—3-foliolata ; foliola Caolas bloka acuta, 6-9
poll. longa, supra medium 2-21 poll. lata, e medio ad basin sensim
angustata, supra basin serrata, membranacea, facie sordide
viridia glabra, dorso pubescen tia. Panicula terminalis, longe
pedunculata, ramis sursum valde compositis pubescentibus ;
pedicelli breves. Calyx pubesce ns, campanulatus, minutus, den-
tibus 4 parvislatis. Corolla viridis, 1 lin. longa, medio constricta,
petalis 4 diu conniventibus. Ovarium globosum, glabrum
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt, 2500-3500 ft,
Whyte.
249
435. Vitis (Cissus) etui me Baker [Ampelidee]; ad
C. Buchanani, Planch., magis accedit
rmentosi, gra Phan 8, fud lignosi, apice leviter
pubescentes. Folia longe petiolata, 5-foliolata ; foliola mem-
laxissima, 5—6 poll. diam., ramis primariis patulis recurvatis laxe
paniculatis dense pubescentibus, pedicellis cernuis floribus valde
longioribus. Calyx minutus, campanulatus, pubescens, dentibus
4 parvis latis. Corolla 1 lin. longa, petalis 4 diu conniventibus.
Ovarium ovoideum, glanduloso-pilosum.
RITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Masuku plateau, near Karonga,
alt. 6500-7000 ft., Whyte.
436. Bloch ouis nyikensis, Baker vetet ; ad D. pinnatam,
Schu n., magis accedit
A ok viiam apice brunneo-pubescentes. Folia
4-6 poll. pan dado 1-2 poll. longo incluso), foliolis A pk jugis
subsessilibus oblongis pallide viridibus subcoriaceis obtusis
integris 4—6 poll. longis glabris vel dorso obscure páke ntibus.
Paniculæ terminales 8-9 poll. loig, ramulis dense brunneo-
velutinæ, axillares breviores vel nullæ; pedicelli crassi, brevissimi.
Sepala ovata, dense velutina, 14 lin. longa. Petala obtusa, pilosa,
calyce paulo longiora. Stamina 8, petalis subæquilonga, filamen tis
pilosa, antheris linearibus parvis. Ovarium in floribus submas-
culis rudimentarium. Fructus ignotus
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika ‘ca, alt. 6000-7000 ft.
and between Kondowe and Karonga, North Nyasa-land, Whyte.
437. Crotalaria vig Heat. tai rape Ae p ;
ad C. atrorubentem, Hoc
Herba perennis, ramo "Ri "ps ascendentes, teretes,
dense pubescentes. Folia Bur patoa, digitatim trifoliolata,
foliolis oblanceolatis obtusis vel leviter emarginatis minute
mucronatis lin. longis facie viridibus glabris dorso pallidis
pubescentibus ; stipulæ minutæ, ca d Ra bre t c:
nales, BiapieH ine densi, ed is us 2 E longis dense pu
centibus ; bractez folia vel m Calyx 2 lin. Jongas;
dense pubescens, dentibus a rer aa deltoideis tubo campan-
is nneis
carina curvata conspicue rostrata. eee by xad es
turgidum, iarasi 3 lin. longum, seminibus
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika e. alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte, 109, 117.
438. Crotalaria sparsifolia, = pone! Leguninve ee ad
C. spherocarpam, Perott., magis
Herba perennis, erecta, ramosissima. Ramuli roster ascen-
dentes, pilis ascendentibus albidis vestiti. Folia pauca, sparsa
brevissime petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, foliolis sUleciecelatia
250
acutis mucronatis 2-3 lin. longis, =o ee glabris, bee
dense pilosis; stipule nulle vel cito decidus. Racemi laxissim
pauciflori, terminales, pedicellis brevibus strigosis ; mepe
lineares, minut Calyx pilosus, 14 lin. longus, tubo brevi,
æ.
dentibus lanceolatis. ‘Corolla calyce uus longior, vexillo
rubro-luteo dorso pubescente, carina curvata conspicue rostrata.
Legumen sessile, pilosum, subglobosum, 2-3-spermum, 2 lin
longum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika p alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
and between Kondowe and Karonga, Whyte
439. Crotalaria phyllostachys, Baker ene: Genistee ];
ad C. spherocarpam, Perott., magis acce
Suffrutex erectus, ramosissimus. Rami Junoni, cies ascen-
dentes, teretes, virgati, pilis ascendentibus dense vestiti. Folia
breviter petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, foliolis xvin obtusis
mucronatis 6-9 lin. longis pallide viridibus facie glabrescentibus
dorso pilosis; stipulze nulle vel cito deciduse. lores ad axillas
foliorum omnium 1-3-ni., pedicellis dense pubescentibus 2 lin.
longis. Calyx pilosus, 2 lin. longus, tubo brevi, dentibus lanceo-
lato-deltoideis tubo valde longioribus. SAS aad calyce duplo
longior, vexillo leviter sericeo luteo striis brunneis decorato,
carina curvata conspicue rostrata. Lor ution iile, oblongum,
pilosum, monospermum, 2 lin. longum
BRITISH ap ee — Nyika plateam, alt. 6000—7000 ft.
and between Mpata and the commencem the Nyasa-Tan-
ganyika plateau, alt. 2000-3000 ft., Whyte
440. Crotalaria Johnstoni, fuse LLoguminosiodenipemds ad
C. À we. cula, Klotzsch, magis a
Herba perennis, erecta, ramosissima =- mi graciles, ascendentes,
teretes, albido-pilosi. Folia breviter petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata,
foliolis oblongo-oblanceolatis obtusis minute mucronatis 6-9 lin
longis facie subglabris dorso parce pilosis ; drm null. Flores
in racemos terminales subdensos 1-2 poll. longos aggregati aut
in axillis Therma solitarii, pedicellis brevibus pilosis ; rait
lineares, pilosi. Calyx ilosus 1j lin. longus, tubo brevissimo,
dentibus lanceolatis. Corolla pallide lutea, due duplo longior,
vexillo dorso pubescente, carina conspicue rostrata. Legumen
pond Minucii pilosum, monospermum, 2 lin. longum
BRITISH CENTRAL CE. — Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika
yis alt 3500-4009 ft.,
laria nyikensis, Baker [Leguminose-Genistex] ; ad
C. "aie elon. Klotzsch, magis accedit.
Herba perennis, erecta, ramosi issima. Ramuli graciles, teretes,
3-6 lin. longis utrinque pallide viridibus dense pu Emon ee}
stipule nulle. Racemi densi, multi, ene terminal De glo
vel oblongi, pedicellis brevibus dense pilosis ; æ parve
e pilosæ. Calyx dense pe 1 lin. longus, dentibus
251
deltoideis acuminatis tubo valde longioribus. Corolla pallide
rubella, calyce duplo longior, dense pubescens, carina valde rostrata.
Legumen Sek subglobosum 1-2-spermum, 2 lin. longum, dense
pilosum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte
442. Crotalaria leucotricha, Baker [Leguminoss-Genistes] ;
ad C. hyssopifoliam, Klotzsch, magis accedit.
erba perennis, erecta, e basi ramosissima. Caules graciles,
dense albido-pilosi.
Folia breviter petiolata, ge tuper tritoliolata Apud DE
3 tis inque dense
persistenter pilosis; stipule Wilh ra cito dne Racemi
laxi, multiflori, terminales, pedicellis brevibus dense res,
braetez lineares. Calyx dense pilosus, 2 lin. longus, tubo bre
dentibus lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis tubo "ids
longioribus. Corolla pallide lutea, 3 lin longa, vexillo dorso
dense piloso, carina curvata conspicue rostrata. Legumen €
luge subglobosum vel oblongum, monospermum, 1j-2 1
longum.
BR ISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Near Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika
laie alt. 3500-4000 ft., Whyte.
443. Crotalaria pauciflora, Baker kiogomiooee Genistew] ; ; ad
C. ivantulensem, Welw., angolensem magis accedit
Suffrutex ramosissimus. Famuli graciles, lignosi, ascendentes,
pubescentes. Folia breviter petiolata digitatim trifoliolata,
s 2-3 lin. lo
foliolis obovatis obtusis mucro ongis facie &u
glabris dorso doce oa feeria : stipulæ minutæ, caduce ;
Flores 1-3-ni, nales , pedicellis brevibus ubes-
centibus. Cae piloras, 3 lin. longus, dentibus eiie tubo
campanulato æquilongis. Corolla calyce duplo longior. Legumen
oblongum, 4 lin. longum, pubescens, oligospermum, breviter
stipitatum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
common, Whyte.
444. Crotalaria pence etl ot [Leguminoss-Genistem] ; ad
C. orthocladam, Welw., m accedit.
r'utez ramosissimus, Rami ascendentes, pallide virides, pubes-
centes. Folia distincte petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, foliolis
vexillo dorso pubescente, cari rostro obtuso alis longiori.
Legumen immaturum paa sessile, dense pilosum, oligos-
permum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte.
252
445. Crotalaria cespitosa, i gat Bes earner ene on
C. maxillarem, Klotzsch, magis a
Herba — e basi ER ramosissima. Caules dense
cæspitosi, b ciles, diffusi, pubescentes. Folia breviter
pi
petiolata, digitatim ‘rifoliolata, foliolis oblanceolatis obtusis
lin. nes utrinque viridibus primum dorso pubes-
centibus dem glabrescentibus ; stipule parve, lineares.
Racemi laxi, Pause terminales, pedicellis pubescentibus calyce
brevioribus; bracteæ lineares, minute. Calyx pubescens, 2 lin.
longus, dentibus lanceolatis tubo longioribus. Corolla aurantiaca,
calyce -T longior, vexillo dorso glabro, carina curvata conspicue
rostráta. Legumen se veis bhlongmt. durum, glabrum, oligo-
spermum, 5 lin. longum
BRITISH CENTRAL aeRO Mounts Zomba and Malosa, alt.
4000 Whyte.
446. Crotalaria oocarpa, Baker Ai rep cete mau: A
C. maxillarem, Klotzsch, iss acced
Suffruter ramosissimus. Ramuli PUER pallide virides,
dense pubescentes. Folia petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, foliolis
oblongis acutis 6-9 lin. longis infra pubescentibus supra minute
Scabridis; stipulæ minute, decidus. Racemi terminales, pauci-
rostrata. Legumen oblon = sessile, 5-6 lin. longum, poly-
spermum, dense pubescens
BRITISH CENTRAL AmRIQA: Between Mpata and the commence-
ment of the Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, alt. 2000-3000 ft., Whyte.
447. Crotalaria karongensis, Vies cde REDE E ad
C. mazillarem, Klotzsch, magis ace
Herba perennis. Caules ASSIA En pallide virides, be-
scentes. Folia longe petiolata, SM trifoliolata, foliolis
obovatis subacutis tenuibus 1-2’ poll. longis utrinque viridibus
facie glabris dorso leviter pubescentibus. acemi laxissimi,
terminales et axillares, 4-6 poll. longi, pedicellis, cernuis pube-
scentibus ; bractez minute, deciduw. Calyx pubescens, 2-24 lin.
longus, tubo campanulato, dentibus ovatis vel oblongis tubo
squilongis. Corolla pallide lutea, calyce duplo longior, vexillo
dorso pubescente, carina curvata conspicue rostrata. egumen
oblongum, pubescens, sessile, polyspermum, 6-8 lin. longum.
= sic CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga,
yte.
448. Crotalaria gymnocalyx, Sake a Aen ae Gesn] ; ad
C. up nns d magis
Frute. mulis lignosis bob ascendentibus gracilis.
Folia digitatim Side ne foliolis oblanceolatis obtusis 6-9 lin.
longis utrinque viridibus obscure pubescentibus, petiolo 3-4 lin.
longo; stipule decidue, minute. Racemi pauciflori, laxi,
253
terminales, pedicellis cernuis pubescentibus calyce brevioribus ;
ractee minute, decidus. Calyx 3 lin. longus 8, tubo campanulato
ei
longis. Corolla lutea, n. longa, vexillo dorso glabro. Ovarium
stipitatum, lineare, ne Berea muitiovulatum. Legumen ignotum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika
panes alt. 3500-4000 ft., and between Mpata and the commence-
nt of the plateau, alt. "3000-3000 ft., Whyte.
449. Crotalaria valida, Baker [Leguminose - Geniste eel; ad
C. rectam, Steud., magis accedit ; recedit legumine oblong
Frutex erect amt lignosi, dense pubescentes. Folia
breviter potiolata, digitatim trifoliolata, foliolis oblongis acutis
basi cuneatis 12-18 lin. longis subcoriaceis facie sparse dorso
dense pubescentibus ; stipulæ m deciduz. Racemi ter-
minales, pauciflori, pedicellis 3-4 lin. longis ; asane prs,
lineares, subcoriaceæ. Calyx ira 6 lin. longus o bre
dentibus lanceolatis tubo valde longioribus. Tube tea ain
vexillo luteo-brunneo dorso piloso, carina rostro crasso curvata
egumen andis, durum, oblongum, oligospermum, dense pilosum,
9 lin. gps
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.
Whyte, ‘aud between Kondowe and Karonga, Whyte, 373.
450. Argyrolobium ? deflexiflorum, Baker [ Leguminose-Geni-
ste]; a speciebus reliquis adhuc ex Africa tropica missis
recedit calyce haud bilabiato.
erba cede e basi ramosissima. Caules graciles, glabri,
diffusi, intricati. Folia eat petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata,
foliolis oblanoeolatte obtusis mucronatis utrinque viridibus
glabris, centrale 9-12 lin. longuri lateralibus minoribus ; stipulæ
lineares, foliaceæ, persistentes. Racemi densi, globosi, omnes
axillares, pedunculati, pedicellis brevissimis centralibus et
inferioribus deflexis; bracteæ subulate, minute. Calyx glaber,
2 lin. longus, dentibus deltoideis tubo campanulato brevioribus.
Corolla albo-lilacina, calyce duplo longior, vexillo dorso glabro
petalis reliquis breviore, carina obtusa egumen sessile, lineare,
planum, glabrum, oligospermum, 8-9 lin. longum
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika
plateau, alt. 3500-4000 ft., te.
This has the flattened pod and obtuse keel of Argyrolobium and
the calyx of Crotalaria,
451, Argyrolobium leucophyllum, Hover FL Leguminomesen
ad A. shirensem, Tanhert, magis acced
ulibus t tib erectus, dense persistente :
albo-pu ens. Folia breviter petiolata, digitatim trifoliolata,
foliolis diblonris obtusis integris basi etii 1-2 poll. longis
facie viridibus obscure pilosis. dorso se persistenter albo-
pubescentibus ; — Sess — — ntes. Racemi axil-
lares, longe pedunculati, globosi iflori, pedicellis brevibus
sericeis ; bracteæ pisoi, ise fag "Calye 4 lin. longus, dense
254
pubescens, profunde bilabiatus, dentibus angustis acuminatis
Corolla pallide lutea, calyce vix longior, vexillo obovato dorso
iloso. Ovarium multiovulatum, lineare, dense pilosum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte, 251
452. Argyrolobium longipes, N. E. Brown [Leguminose-Genis-
tee]; A. pumilo Eck. et Zeyh., affine, sed foliis utrinque hirtis
et peduneulis multo longioribus differt.
Caules prostrati, ramosi, ramis 3-10 poll. longis, lignescentes,
appresse pubescentes. Folia petiolata, trifoliolata ; petioli 1-21 lin.
n.
longi; foliola 3-7 lin. longa, z lin. lata, elliptica, obtusa,
mucronulato-apiculata, utrinque appresse pilosa ; stipule 1-2 lin.
longe, 4-1 lin. late, lanceolate ovato-lanceolate vel ovate,
r
foliis oppositi, 2-2 poll. longi, uniflori, appresse pubescentes.
1 t :
ves. Calyx 21-4 lin. longus, profunde bilabiatus, appresse
SOUTH AFRICA. ‘Transvaal: Berea Ridge, Barberton, 3,000 ft.,
February, Galpin, 1305. Natal, without precise locality, Gerrard,
1764, 1765.
453. Indigofera lupulina, Baker [Leguminose-Galeges] ; ad
I. strobiliferam, Hochst., e sectione Capitatarum magis accedit.
Herba annua, humilis, e basi ramosa, ubique albo-lanosa. Folia
breviter petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolis oblongis obtusis
2-0 lin. longis basi cuneatis facie breviter dorso longe albo-
lanosis ; stipulze magna, ovate, acute, membranacese, persistentes.
Racemi axillares et terminales, oblongi, pedunculati, 9-12 lin.
longi; bracteæ uniflorz, orbiculares, emarginate, 3 lin. longs et
late, persistentes, imbricatz, Caly1lin: longus, tubo brevissimo,
dentibus setaceis. Corolla calyce 2-3-plo longior. Legumen
oblongum, dispermum, 2 lin. longum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga,
Whyte, 336.
454. Indigofera nyikensis, Baker [Leguminoss-Galeges]; ad
I. griseam, Baker, e sectione Dissitiflorarum magis accedit,
Suffrutex gracilis. Ramuli lignosi, pilis appressis albis et
deorsum setis patulis brunneis vestiti, Folia breviter petiolata, im-
259
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte, 151.
455. Indigofera micros pha, Baker [Leguminoss-Galege ee]; ad
I. nyikensem, Baker, (vide supra) e sectione Dissitiflorarum arcte
accedit, sed differt setis patulis nullis petalisque minoribus
Suffrutex gracilis. Ramuli juniores ascendentes, appresse
albo-pilosi. Folia breviter petiolata, imparipinnata, foliolis 7
oblanceolatis mucronatis rigidulis 3-4 lin. longis, utrinque pallide
pi
EREE Mie "Cal yx albo-pilosus, 2 lin. longus, tubo brevissimo,
dentibus elongatis lineari-setaceis glanduloso-pilosis. orolla
rubra, 3 lin. longa, extus pilosa. Ovarium sessile, cylindricum,
multiovulatum. Legumen igno
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Mpata and the com-
mencement of the Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, alt. 2000-3000 ft.,
Whyte.
456. Indigofera patula, Baker [Leguminose-Galegen]; ad
I. pentaphyllam, Linn., e sectione Dissitiflorarum accedit
Herba perennis, e basi ramosissima. Caules breves, patuli,
graciles, glanduloso-setos i et appresse albo-pilosi. Folia breviter
petiolata, imparipinnata, folioli s 7 oblanceolatis mucronatis 3 lin.
longis, utrinque viridi bu us dense albo-pilosis; stipule setaces.
Racemi multi, axillares, laxi, propre pedunculati, pedicellis
cernuis. Cals yc dense „pilosus, 21 lin. longus, tubo brevissimo,
bus elongatis s Corolla rubra, ies et duplo
iongior. ears sessile, ar teers multiovulatu
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-1000 ft.,
yte
VUDS
457. Indigofera macra, Baker [Leguminosæ-Galegeæ] ; ad J.
pentaphyllam, Linn. e 8 oe Dissitiflorarum magis accedit.
Herba erecta, ramosissima. Ramuli gracillimi, eter nn
juniores appresse ie sees Folia. breviter petiolata, impari
pinnata, foliolis oblanceolatis mucronatis 2-3 lin. longis irilique
glaucis appresse albo-pilosis ; stipule setacesz, caduce. Racemi
laxi, pauciflori, axillares, breviter sees nculati, pedic i eeu
simis. Calyx 1 lin. longus, dense albo-pilosus, tubo brevissimo,
dentibus setaceis. Corolla rubra, uhe duplo longior. Layunin
sessile, cylindricum, polyspermum, dense pilosum, 3 lin. longum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between the Songwe river and
Karonga, alt. 1700-2000 ft., Whyte.
458, Indigofera (Spheridiophorum) karongensis, Baker [Legu-
minose-Galegex] ; ad I. terminalem, Baker, magis accedit.,
tex ramosissimus. Ramuli lignosi, argenteo-incani. Folia
sessilia, foliolis 5 ohiancsolatis chines mucronatis rigidis ais cet
longis, utrinque dense persistenter albo-pilosis ; stipule se
Rashi axillares, pauciflori, foliis æquilongi, pedicelli s maana
256
incanis. Calyx $ lin. longus, dense albo-pilosus, dentibus deltoideis
tubo æquilongis. Corolla calyce triplo longior. Legumen sub-
globosum, 1 lin. diam., dense albo-pilosum, durum, monospermum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga,
Whyte.
459. tanpo (Sphæridiophorum) microcalyx, Baker [Legu-
minosæ-Galegeæ] ; ad I. demissam, Taubert, magis accedit
Suffrutex exi: Ramuli ii, ramosi, ubique poritisténtol
albo-incani. Folia breviter petiolata, pinnatim 3-5-foliata,
foliolis oblanceolatis mucronatis rigidulis utrinque Litt albo-
pubescentibus ; ; stipule minute, subulate. Racemi numerosi,
densi, pauciflori, brevissime peduneulati, pedicellis brovistiatis
pilosis. Calyz : lin. longus, pilosus, dentibus acuminatis tubo
equilongis. ` Corolla e peser n — Hans Act sessile,
gubglobosum, monospermum, pilosum, 1 lin. 1 :
BRITISH CENTRAL boe ge Wyasa hdi Whyte.
460. Indigofera fusco-setosa, Baker [Leguminose-Galegee ] ;
I. trachyphyllam, Benth. e sectione Simplicifoliarum dh
accedit.
Herba perennis, erecta. Caules pilis albis araneosis et setis
atro-brunneis patulis vestiti. Folia subsessilia, vires lineari-
oblonga, 15-2 poll. longa, obtusa, basi rotundata , utrinque sparse
pilosa, facie saturate viridia, dorso pallida. Racemi axillares,
longe "peduneulati, densi, oblongi vel oblo ci 2-3 poll.
longi, rhachi dense setosi, pedicellis brevibus; bractez lineares.
Calyx brunneus, dense setosus, 3 lin. longus, tubo brevi, dentibus
setaceis tubo valde longioribus. Corolla atro-purpurea, vues
paulo longior. Legumen sessile, jorge oligospermum, 4 lin
longum, ex turgidis brunneis setosi
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. anka plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.
and between Kondowe se Karonga, Whyte.
461. Indigofera lonchocarpifolia, Baker [ Leguminose-Galegex | ;
ad I. rhynchocarpam, Welw., e sectione Tinctoriarum magis
accedit.
Suffrutex, Ó— EX uus Mec aes Folia petiolata
imparipinnata, 8 7 oppositis oblongis acutis petiolulatis
obscure pubsecs anms: stipule magne, poanion, caducæ, e basi
lata setaceæ. Racemi axillares, multiflori, pedunculati, foliis
æquilongi, pedicellis brevibus glabris. Calyx obliquus, brunneus,
1 lin. longus, parce pilosus, dentibus parvis obtusis. Corolla albo-
brunnea, 4 lin. longa. Ovarium sessile, lineare, multiovulatum.
BRITISH CENTRAL Worm Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika
plateau, alt. 3500-4000 ft., Whyte.
462. as piper Baker Escher pn
ad I. Spachii, Baker, e sectione Tinctoriarum magis ac
Suffrutez grdeitis. Ramuli juniores copiose stat lion, pilis
appressis. Folia breviter petiolata, imparipinnata, foli olis 9
251
oblanceolato-oblongis obtusis mucronatis 5-6 lin. longis facie
viridibus parce E E pallidis dense albo-pilosis ; stipule
Setaces. Racer multi, axillares, densi, multiflori,
pedunculati, peditcais in et rhachi atro-brunneo-pubes-
centibus. Calyx 2 lin. longus, atro-brunneus, pubescens, tubo
brevissimo, dentibus setaceis. Corolla brunnea, calyce triplo
longi Legumen sessile, lineare, pilosum, polyspermum, 5 lin.
ongum.
"RAE CENTRAL AFRICA. Masuku plateau, alt. 6500-7000 ft.,
yte.
463. Tephrosia (Reineria) dissitiflora, Baker ose, vasa
= E) ; x s en phophyllam, Welw., magis ac
Herba per Caules graciles, glabri. Piin pinnatim
3-5- ioe. foliolis lanceolatis subcoriaceis 24-3 poll. longis
obtusis mucronatis utrinque appresse breviter vabescéntibut:
stipule minute, lanceolate. Racemi axillares, AD longe
M 3-10 oom longi, pedicellis brevibus bracte
neares. Calyx 2 lin. longus, dense Seinen: dentibus
lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis More longioribus. Corolla 4 lin.
longa, vexillo dorso dense piloso. Legumen lineare, pubescens
rectum, votysparidin, 21 poll.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba and Mount Malosa,
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte.
464. Tephrosia (Reineria) zombensis, Baker [Leguminose-
Galegew]; foliis et floribus 7’. Vogelii, Hook. fil., similis, sed
calycis dentibus "rcge tubo valde longioribus dissimilis.
Fruler ramulis lignosis pilis albidis dense vestitus. Folia
breviter petiolata, 2-3 poll. longa, foliolis 11-15 oblongis obtusis
j-2 poll. longis facie viridibus glabris dorso albido-sericeis ;
stipute ovate, dorso dense pilose. «cem densi, subglobosi,
pedunculati, terminales ; ; picem lanceolate, pubescentes. Calyx
dense pilosus, 4 lin. longus, dentibus acuminatis tubo valde
longioribus. Corolla rubra, calyce duplo longior, vexillo orbi-
-culari dorso sericeo. Ovarium lineare, pilosum, multiovulatum.
Legumen maturum ignotum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 4000-6000 ft.,
Whyte.
465. Tephrosia (Reineria) nyikensis, ete [ Leguminose-Gale-
gee]; ad T. huillensem, Welw., magis accedit.
Frutex P ETENE s. Ramuli feta ursum dense pilosi.
Folia breviter petiolata, sem ipedalia, foliolis 11-13 coriaceis
LI obtusis mucronat is 15-2 poll. longis facie viridibus
glabris dorso dense pubescentibus ; sb pales lanceolate, pubescentes.
Rabii densi, breves, sæpissime terminales ; bracteæ ovatæ, pubes-
centes. Calyx 4 lin. longus, dense pilosus, dentibus lanceolatis
acuminatis tubo multo longioribus. Corolla calyce duplo longior,
vexillo dorso dense sericeo. Legumen lineare, polyspermum ;
2 poll. longum, pilosum, stylo applanato.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
yte,
258
466. DAI (Reineria) periculosa, paci ME
geo]; ad T. huillensem, Welw., magis a
Frutex 6-pedalis. Ramuli molliter jos Folia breviter
petiolata, M poll. longa., foliolis 17-19 oblongis obtusis 15-18
lin. longis utrinque dense —— ; Stipulae ovate, pilose.
Racemi decal; breves, pedunculati, omnes terminales; bractes
ovate, dense pubescentes. Calyx 6 lin. longus, dense brunneo-
pilosus, dente infimo lanceolato tubo valde longiore, dentibus
reliqnis brevioribus aed Corolla rubra, pollicaris, vexillo
dorso den Legur lineare, psp polyspermum ;
ii ees ph eue vel detta pubescen
RITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondow and Karonga,
Whe yte, 324. Used by the natives as a fish- -pois
467. Tephrosia (Reineria) melanocalyx, Baker [Weguminose-
Galegez]; ad T. huillensem, Welw., magis accedit
Suffrutex, ramulis angulatis Hee dense persistent fulvo-
pubescentibus. Folia breviter petiolata, pinnatim 3-5-foliolata,
.foliolis oblanceolatis obtusis Hari 11-2 poll. longis facie
sparse dorso dense pubescentibus ; ; stipulæ Linens, pubescentes.
Racemi subdensi, 2-4 poll. longi, terminales et axillares ; bractez
lineares, pubescentes. P Cali yx breviter Vase ellatus, 4 lin. longus,
pilis atro-brunneis vaio vestitus, dentibus acuminatis tubo valde
longioribus. Corolla purpurea, 6 lin. ue. vexillo dorso dense
pubescente. best cylindricum, ias bw multiovula-
tum ; stylus applanatus, basi solum pubese
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Near Fort an Nyasa-Tanganyika
plateau, alt. 3500-4000 ft., Whyte.
ce px anie Galpini, N. E. Brown [Leguminose-Galeges ];
M. tenelle, Benth., eng gracilior, et foliis angustioribus
gietfoltigo Tengiotbus diffe
Caules e basi ramosi, 3-10 di alti, herbacei, filiformes, glabri
vel pilis minutis paucissimis instructi. Foliorwm simplicium
petioli 2-3 lin. longi ; lamin 6-16 lin. longs, : atæ, lineares,
acute, mucronate, basi leviter angustatze, utrinque pilis appressis
bifurcis, iis Indigoferarum, nisi quod crura furce inequalia sint,
similibus, sparse instructz ; ; stipule subulate, 1-2 lin. longs.
Racemi 14-35 poll. iongi, filiformes, glabri, floribus 3-7 distantibus
parvis Piu ; bractez 2 lin. longs, setacez ; pedicelli filiformes,
14-2) lin. longi. Calycis tubus À lin. lon ngus, pilis appressis
j ehn affixis pubescens ; dentes 1 lin. longi, subulati. Corolla
glabra, rubra; vexillum "M T longum, 1} lin. latum, late
obovatum, obtusissimum ; 2} lin. longe, fere 1 lin m
recta, acuminata. Legumen = lin. longum, 3 lin. latum, tients:
4-6-sper rmum.
SOUTH AFRICA. Transvaal : summit of Saddleback Mountain,
near Barberton, 5000 ft., March, 1891, Galpin, 1315.
This is the first species of Microcharis that has been found
south of the tropic.
259
469. Aischynomene (Ochopodium) sparsiflora, Baker [Leguminose-
Hedysarex]; ad Æ. pulchellam, Planch., habitu magis accedit ;
recedit floribus magnis sepissime solitariis.
Herba humilis, perennis, e basi ramosa. Caules erecti, gracillimi,
sursum pubescentes. Folia breviter petiolata, foliolis 4—5-jugis
oblongis obtusis ig lin. longis pubescentibus vel glabrescentibus,
petiolo seta terminato; stipule oblong, acute, magne vh
cene ds ee i. Pedunculi axillares, breves, seepissime uniflor
Cal yc 3-4 lin. longus, pubescens, tubo brevissimo, labiis o oblongis
obtusis. lorte flava, glabra, 6 lin. longa. Ovarium cylindricum,
pubescens, biovu atum ; ; Stylus brevis incurvatus. Legumen
maturum ignotum.
BRITISH NH AFRICA. Nyika petet, alt. 6000—7000 ft.,
Whyte, 256; between Mpata and the mencement of the
Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, alt. 2000-3000 f Whyte.
470. Aschynomene demi peer nyikensis, Vergi Miseni
pour ]; ad Æ. mimosefoliam, Vatke, magis
Frutex 4—6-pedalis. Ramuli lignosi, recti, teretes, sursum
a o ra „Folia subsessilia, 3-4 lin. longa, foliolis
culam amplam terminalem aggregati ; bracteæ lanceolatæ, coriaces,
persistentes. Calyx 4 lin. longus, labio inferiore oblongo apice
Eid eniato qom superiore longiore. Corolla lutea, glabra, 6 lin.
ga. Legumen glabrum, breviter stipitatum, articulis 2 planis
dii ME 4 lin. longis.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
a common showy shrub, Whyte.
471. Mschynomene dissitiflora, Baker TOR i
inter sectiones Huwschynomenen et Ochopodium medium tenens ;
estipulis ad priorem, e habitu et fructu ad eeepc jinen,
Fruticosa ramulis teretibus lignosis surs pubescentibus
gracilis. Folia breviter petiolata, dan paces s 10 jugis lineari-
oblongis 4-5 lin. longis apice obtusis emarginatis mucronatis ;
stipulae magne, lanceolate, coriacez y Hifl insertionem producta.
bracteis 2 ovatis coriaceis persistentibus ost na Calyx
pubescens, 2 lin. longus, labiis aie inferiore majore. Corolla
lutea, glabra, 5 lin. longa. Legumen ag iion stipitatum, glabrum,
anA L2 ara i pa 14-2 lin.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. ka $55 Nyasa-Tanganyika
plateau, alt. 3500-4000 ft., Whyte.
472. Smithia (Kotschya) iy bed Baker Ps, Peer css cand
sarem];a ad S. recur vifoliam, Taub magis
ramosus, Ramuli assu peras dense pubes-
centes. Folia subsessilia, foliolis 4-jugis lan anceolatis mucronatis
recurvatis rigide coriaceis 3-4 lin. longis, rhachi decurvato in
14538 B
260
setam desinente ; stipule ovato-lanceolate, rigide coriaceæ, per-
sistentes. Racemi pauciflori, axillares, congesti, breviter pedun-
Ven rhachi setis stramineis magnis przedito. Calyx tubulosus,
. longus 8, strigosus, tubo brevi, enie supremo oblanceolato
r
c Vae. persistentes, ad basin calycis appresse. Corolla lutea,
6 lin. 1 onga. Ovarium pubescens, torulosum, biovulatum ; stylus
M incurvatus. Legumen maturum ignotum
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Masuku plateau, alt. 6500-7000 ft.,
Whyte
473. Smithia (Kotschya) rh ge tr Baker x ume
Hedysares] ; ad S. recurvifoliam, Taubert, magis accedit.
rutex, ramis lignosis teretibus dense pubes ns. * Folia sub-
sessilia, falcata, 6 lin. longa, foliolis 8-9-jugis lanceolatis recurvatis
rigide gr cta 2 lin. longis imbricatis oblique mucronatis ;
rve, lanceolate, infra insertionem haud product
Racemi pauciflori, axillares, breviter pedunculati, rhachi setis luteis
magnis strigosi; bracteæ ovate, co riacee, persistentes. Calyx
pubescens, 3 lin. lon née labiis oblongis obtusis, superiore majore ;
bracteolz ovate, persistentes. Corolla lutea, glabra, calyce duplo
longior. Ovarium pibesddns biovulatum. Legumen maturum
ignotum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga,
Whyte.
414. = (Kotschya) cma. Wal Sis [Leguminose-
Hedysaree] ; ad S. Mittit ‘am, Welw., magis accedit.
d teretes, recti, rsum pube RE "Folia breviter
petiolata, 9—21 lin. longa, foliolis 9-10-jugis dimidiato-oblongis
-1 lin. longis rigide coriaceis imbricatis; stipulae parv®,
lanceolate, caduce, infra insertionem haud productw. Flores
in capitn tulis — globosis axillaribus breviter pM
æ persistentes, ovato-lanceolate ; ex et rhachi
aes Iuteis tigos. Calyx 2 -3 lin in a strigosus, labiis Has
olæ 2 ovatæ, coriaceæ, pers ad basin appressæ.
Cor des lutea, cale duplo longior, Venio poten pn glabro.
Ovarium pubesc ns, biovulatum. Legumen maturum igno
BRITISH ban AFRICA. Between Kondowe me Karonga,
Whyte.
GER a drepanocephala, Baker Jedem Hedy-
æ]; a cristatam, Wight et Arn., magis a i
erba nnis, erecta, glabra. Rami adici ascendentes,
teretes, Folia breviter petiolata, pinnata vel digitata, foliolis
sepissime bijugis obovatis emarginatis 9-12 lin. longis, petiolo in
cirrho minuto setiformi terminata; stipulæ magnæ, ovatæ, sub-
coriaceæ, basi inæqualiter auriculate. Racemi axillares, breviter
pedunculati, oblongi, deflexi, pedicellis brevibus; brac te
imbricatz, persistentes, orbiculares, emarginate, complicate,
9-6 lin. longs e et late, margine haud ciliate. Calyx minutus,
labiis ovatis. Legumen dispermum, bractea brevius, deme
planis 2 lin. latis.
261
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
and between Mpata and the commencement of the Nyasa-Tangan-
yika plateau, alt. 2000-3000 ft., Whyte.
476. Lathyrus intricatus, Baker [Loguminose:Vicien] : ; ad L.
kilimandscharicum, Taubert, arcte acce
Caules cient graciles, angulati, adolescentes glabri, Leer
obscure pubescentes. Folia breviter petiolata, foliolis unijugis
linearibus vel ee olatis glabris 14-2 poll. longis : iile 6 sagit-
hend lanceolatze, auriculis linearibus; cirrhus terminalis, elongatus
tortuosus. Flores 1-2-ni, pedunculis brevibus, pedicellis pubes-
aeei calyce brevioribus; bracteæ 3-4, lanceolate, ségregate,
persistentes. a x 3 lin. longus, perai Tnsioabldtia rem
tubo campanu eei wquilongis. Corolla rubra, 4-5 lin. longa.
Pai repe le eds um, glabrum, 12-18 li n. longum, 2 lin. latum,
6—9-sp g7 apicem attenuatum ; ; SGT subulatus, rectus vel
SUPUACUR, z lia 1
BRITISH ae AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 5000-6000 ft. ;
Masuku plateau, alt. 6500-7000 ft. ; Fort Hill, N yasa-Tanganyika
plateau, and between Mpata and the commencement of the Nyasa-
Tanganyika plateau, alt. 3000 ft., Whyte.
477. Lathyrus omer Baker [Leguminose -Viciee]; ab
L. kilimandscharico, Taubert, et a hygrophilo, Taubert, recedit
pedunculo foliolis longiore 1-4-flor
Caules graciles, angulati, E glabri, superne leviter
pilos Folia sessilia, foliolis linearibus unijugis 1 poll. longis ;
stipulæ lineares, deflexæ ; cirrhus terminalis, elongatus, contortus.
ce 15-2 poll. longi, 1—4-flori ; bractez nulla vel decidue ;
celli pubescentes, calyce breviores. Calyx 2 lin. longus, tubo
Petala rubella; vexillum obovatum, 4 lin. ug Sus Legumen
lineare, glabrum, 3—4-spermum, 1 poll. longum, 2 lin. latum, ad
apicem sensim attenuatum ; stylus brevis, incurvatus.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba,
4,000-6,000 ft., Whyte.
78. Vigna malosana, Baker [Legumi MM lg ad
V. angivensem, Baker, madagascariensem, arcte accedit
Herba perennis. Caules breves, graciles, bled glabri.
Folia breviter petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolo terminali
parvo stipellato ovato vel ovato-lanceolato utrinque viridi glabro ;
stipule ovate, persistentes, basi auriculati. Pedunculi elongati,
1-2-flori, pedicellis brevibus; bracteole persistentes, ad calyce
appresse. Calyx glaber, 2 lin longus, tubo campenulato, dentibus
acutis parvis inequalibus. Corolla 7 lin. longa, vexillo ru
glabro, carina pallida curvata obtusa. Legumen lineare, glabrum,
polyspermum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba,
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte.
14538 B2
262
479. Dolichos trinervatus, - Propano TRE ad
D. erectum, Baker fil., magis accedit
Herba 3-pedalis, erecta. rs unt uli virgati, graciles, terete
pubescentes. J^ olia pinnatim trifoliolata, breviter petiolata, foliolis
l
trinervatis utrinque pubescentibus; stipulæ parvæ, caduc
Racemi axillares et terminales, breves, densi, multiflori, pedicellis
T 2 lin. longis ; bractez ‘lanceolate, sericee. Calyx pilosus,
n. longus, dentibus acuminatis tubo campanulato longioribus.
Corolla $ lin. longa, rubro-lilacina, vexillo 5-6 lin. diam. dorso
onsen Legumen lineare, pilosum, rectum, paucispermum, | poll.
um.
RITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between the Songwe River and
M ped a, alt. 1700-2000 ft., Whyte. Shire Highlands, Buchanan,
(1881 oeth 406.
480. Dolichos malosanus, Baker eg oes Phaseoles] ;
D. erectum, Baker fil., magis accedi
Frutex erecta. Ramuli lignosi, dense pubescentes. Folia
longe petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolis ovatis vel oblongis
acutis basi late rotundatis 14-2 poll. longis utrinque pilosis ;
stipula nulle ve] cito caduce. Racemi subdensi, terminales,
«do
bracteole subulate. Calyx campanulatus, dense pilosus, 2 lin.
longus, dentibus parvis deum Corolla. faturale purpurea, 9 lin.
t
ie cylindricum, 54 yi pilosum, pauciovulatum ; stylus
ate
BRITISH anes AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba,
alt, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte.
481. Dolichos ee pe [Leguminosx-Phaseolee | ;
ad D. azxillarem, E. Mey., et D. formosum, A. Rich., magis
accedit.
Herba volubilis. Caules graciles, dense breviter pubescentes.
Sieg petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolis membranaceis
sies pilosis, foliolo =e ovato acuto 13-2 poll. longo.
yOS®,
iei enda Pr 3 lin. eee dee infimo qiue rot
at ior
purpurea, calyce duplo longior, vexillo obovato dorso glabro.
T ES eite curvatum, planum, glabrum, polyspermum,
po ngu
m n CENTRAL AFRICA. Masuku plateau, alt. 6500-7000 ft.,
yte, 2
482, Rhynchosia (Cyanospermum) floribunda, Baker [Legumi-
nose-Phasedlee] ; ad R. calycinam, Guill. et Perr., magis accedit.
Caules lignosi, sarmentosi, juniores pilis sepe glanduliferis
dense pubescentes, Folia distincte petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata,
263
a —— obtusis integris sparse pubescentibus e basi ad
me ervatis, terminali obovato 2-3 poll. longo; stipula
aactor ie vends Pedunculi lignosi, axillares, elongati, furcati,
Racemi densi, 2-4 poll. ries pedicellis calyce vix tonno dense
glanduloso- -pubescen ntibus; bractee magne, , pubescentes,
Cali yo, flore expanso, 4 lin. longus, dense deis -pubescen
dentibus obtusis tub Corolla saturate
eei a, onte leviter pubescens, calyce dimidio eal Legumen
lineari-oblongum, dispermum, pubescens, 6 lin. longum.
BRITISH CENTRAL wc Fort Hill, Nest atten gills
latest, alt. 3500-4000 ft., Why
483. Rhynchosia nyasica, Baker | ana ae ad
R. splendentem, Schweinf., et R. Memnoniam, DC., accedit
Caules erecti, graciles, ignon, pilis reflexis haud pue
dense pubescentes, Folia petiolata, pinnatim trifoliola ata, sub-
coriacea, utrinque dense pubescentia, foliolo terminali cordato-
orbiculari integro subacuto 12-18 lin n. longo et Dem stipule
parva, lanceolate. Racemi axillares, laxi, subsessiles, pauciflori,
rhachibus dense pubescentibus, pedicellis brevissimis ; bractes
a
Taticeolato tubo equi uilongo, dentibus superioribus connatis
brevioribus. Corolla 6 lin. cate vexillo pubescente flavido
venis longitudinalibus nigris percurso. Ovarium cylindricum,
pilosum, pauciovulatum ; ; stylus elongatus, incurvatus. Legumen
BRITISH CENTRAL APRIO. Between Kondowe and Karonga,
alt. 2000-6000 ft '
484. Rhynchosia imbricata, Baker [Leguminoss-Phaseoles] ;
ad R. Memnoniam, DC., magis accedit.
Caules recti, lignosi, pi ilis pareit patentibus hand glandu-
liferis dense persistenterque pilosi. Folia breviter petiolata,
pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolis imbrisatis cordato-orbicularibus
cuspidatis integris utrinque pubescentibus, he sag you Len
olatze ares,
longo et lato; stipule parvae, lance cemi
dense pubescentes, superiores elongati multiflori, Lene
breves pauciflori ; pedicelli d : p rve, lanceo-
late. Calyx dense pubescens, gus, tubo campanula
dentibus ovato-acuminatis tubo sea brevioribus rolla 6 lin.
longa, vexillo pubescente flavo-viridi ien longitudinalibus
atropurpureis apice anastomosantibus percurso. Ovarium cylin-
dricum, dense pubescens, puciovulatum | stylus longus, incur-
vatus, glaber. Legumen igno
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRI Between Mpata and the
commencement of the ren Tuscany) ika plateau, alt. 2000-
3000 ft., Whyte.
485. Rhynchosia nyikensis, Baker [Login aet ee)
ad R. ferrugineam, A. Rich., magis acce
Caules lignosi, graciles, sarmentosi, superne pilis lete brunneis
raro apice glanduliferis dense pubescentes. Folia distincte
264
Ec pinnatim trifoliolata, facie saturate "viridia, sparse
pubescentia, dorso dense pubescentia, foliolo terminali ovato
dps acuto 18-21 lin. longo ; sti pul parva, ovate. Racemi
densi, multiflori, pedunculati, terminales et jasoa lan rhachibus
dense pubescentes, pedicellis brevibus ; bracteæ magnæ, obovato-
cuspidatæ, pubescentes. Calyx dense ziii cas 5-6 lin. longus,
dentibus insqualibus lanceolatis tubo equilongis vel paulo
longioribus. Corolla calyce paulo longior, vexillo rubro dorso
pubescente, Ovarium dense pilosum, tie aia stylus
elongatus, incurvatus, pubescens. Legumen ignotum
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000- 7000 ft.,
and between Mpata and the Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau, alt. 2000-
3000 ft., Whyte.
486. Rhynchosia raaa, Baker [Leguminosæ-Phaseoleæ] ;
ad FR. viscosam, DC., magis accedit
Caules graciles, EB sursum EST brevibus ssepe glanduli-
feris dense pubescentes. Folia petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata,
facie viridia sparse pubescentia, dorso albida dense pubescentia,
foliolo terminali ovato acuto integro poll. longo; stipulz
parva, lanceolate. . Panicule ample, laxee, terminales, ramis
ense glanduloso-p racemis paucifloris, pedicellis infimis
calyci equilongis ; ; bracteze æ parvas ,ovate, caducesz. Calyx 3 lin.
longus, dense pubescens, dentibus lanceolatis tubo campanulato
pubescente deb pote o albo Hegre Ovarium dense pilosum.
Finan 1} p ongum, dense pilo ilos
us Kein AFRICA, Ny PC. alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
i;
487. Tagnehosia. "crap ed Baker TUNIS Phase -
oleæ] ; ad R. viscosam, DC., et R. caribæam, DO., accedit
Caules eH graciles, pilis appressis haud gandalf
pubescentes. Folia longe petiolata, pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolis
ovatis integris pubescentibus 1-2 poll. Enpe stipulæ pubescentes,
lanceolatæ, persistentes. Racemi axillar ensi, pauciflori,
duncan pedicellis brevissimis; bra cues lanceolatz, calyce
breviores. erar dense pubescens, 3 lin. longus, tubo, campan-
ulato, dente infimo lanceolata tubo equilongo, dentibus reliquis
icc lian ges ibus. Corolla calyce duplo longior, rubro-
urpurea, ve
ced andi cylindricum, pubescens, pauciovulatum ; stylus,
longus, incurvatus, apice penicillatus. Legumen ignotum.
. BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
common, Whyte, 211.
488. Eriosema eryptanthum, Baker [Leguminose-Phaseoles] ;
inter E. cajanoides, Hook, fil, et E. montanum, Baker
medium tenens.
Frutex ramulis lignosis rectis dense persistenter albido-pubes-
cens. Folia breviter petiolata, ascendentia, digiiatim trifoliolata,
foliolis oblanceolato-oblongis acutis e medio ad basin sensim
205
angustatis, gi pe facie dorsali elevatis, foliolo terminali 18-21
lin. longo, lateralibus minoribus; stipule .magns, lineares.
Racemi Ani epè densi, subglobosi, foliis ascendentibus occulti ;
pedicelli brevissimi ; bracteæ lineares, pubescentes. Calyx pube-
scens, 3 lin. longus, dentibus deltoideis tubo cam he
equilongis. Corolla calyce el longior. Ovarium oblong
cylindricum, pubescens, biovulatum. Legumen ignotum
BRrTISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Plateau of Mount Tobi, alt.
5000-6000 ft., Whyte.
489. Berlinia yey Baker LLeguminose:- One ninien] ad
B. angolensem,
Arbor erecta. ida lignosi, iud glabri. Folia distincte
petiolata, foliolis 3-4-j jugis —— oblongis obtusis €.
glabris 25—41 poll. longis. Panicule dense, terminales, ra
fufeeloribus ail lioc bul et ramulis a pubesce entes ; AAE E
ekovata, cucullatæ, coriaceæ, persistentes, 4 lin. longæ, brunneo-
velutinæ. Calyx abortivus. Petala subæqualia, angusta, un-
Mee fidotedits breviora. Stamina petalis valde longiora.
sinn ium oblongum, dense pilosum, pauciovulatum, stipite brevi
rasso ; stylus elongatus. L jumen igno otum.
ums CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000—7000 ft.,
Whyt
490. Parinarium (Sarcostegia) floribundum, Baker BE saec
Chrysobala new]; ad P. polyandrum, Benth., magis acc
Arbor ramulis validis lignosis glabra. Folia Dreviter m
oblonga, obtusa, 4—5 poll. lon nga, coriacea, basi rotundata, utrinque
glabra, facie nitida griseo-viridia, dorso di ia nicule
corymbos:e, terminales et laterales, densz, 4—6 voll. late, pediculis
erectis crassis glabris. ee dde tubus turbinatus 2 lin. longus,
haud gibbosus, intus soli ; limbi segmenta benri 2 lin.
longa at lata, valde desig exteriora glabra, d S marginibus
incana. Petala orbicularia, ee vix xat tia. Stamina per-
multa, antheris oblongis parvis, filamentis contortis 5-6 lin.
longis. Ovarium dense ak: stylus elongatus, contortus.
Fr iie d
BRI RAL AFRICA. Fort Hill Nyasa-Tanganyika
visto. pon 3500. 4000 ft., Whyte.
491. Crassula Lure Baker [Crassulacee]; ad C. ptit:
oidem, Britten, magis accedit.
Herba perennis, e bell valde ramosa. Folia rosularum sterilium
obovato-cuneata, carnosa, viridia, sessilia, 4 lin. longa, facie glabra,
ni s setis albis dense ciliata, Caules floriferi 2-4 poll.
longi, ad apicem foliis reductis oppositis decussatis præditi.
Flo es in eymas dichotomas compositas dense congesti. Sepala 5,
carnosa, glabra, lanceolata, } lin. longa, marginibus haud ciliata.
Petala oblanceolata, obtusa, alba, sepalis gesqui-longiora. Stamina
petalis breviora, perii: parvis purpureis globosis. Carpella
staminibus equilong
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Highest ridges of the. Nyika
Mounisins, alt. 7500 ft., on bare gneiss and granite rocks, Whyte.
266
492, Crassula — "eid [Crassulacee]; ad C. abyssi-
nicam, A. Rich., magis acc
Herba perennis, humilis, e basi ramosa. E VOUS breves,
cespitosi. Fo oe crebra, i Sita, basi connata, ascendentia,
lanceolata, obtusa, 6-9 lin. longa, utrinque ‘albo hispida, mar-
ginibus setis albidis ciliata. ` Caules Jloriferi breves, graciles, eron
pubescentes, foliis 1-2-jugis valde reductis solum præditi. Cym
plures, in panieulam parvam thyrsoideam aggregate ; pedicelli
breves, pubescentes. Calyx $ lin. longus, segmentis 5 lanceolatis
pubescentibus. Petala lanceolata, calyce duplo longiora. Stamina
petalis breviora, antheris globosis minutis. Capella staminibus
sequilon
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA, Rocks of Mount Zomba, alt. 4000-
6000 ft., Whyte.
493. Kalanchoe flammea, RA [ Crassulaceae] ; No
K. glaucescénti, Britten, sed foliis brevioribus brevius pedia
cellatis, calycis segmentis liberis vel subliberis, voti tubi et
rum proportione diversa
Perennis circiter 14 ped. dE glaberrima. Caulis parce ramosus,
crebre foliatus. Folia obovato-oblon nga, obtusa, abrupte vel sensim
in petiolum attenuata, intermedia majora, circiter 2 poll. longa,
lj-1j poll. lata, vix glauca, crasse carnosa, integra vel obscure
repando-erenata ; petioli 4 poll. longi, 1-1 poll. lati. Cymae in
corymbum densum, 3-34 poll. latu ju dispositae; pedunculi
2-4 poll. longi; rami inferiores 14-3 poll. longi; peđicelli
2-3 lin. longi. Bractee lineares, Sbetarsealée ad 2 lin. longae,
cadues. Flores 4-meri. Cal yx ad basin partitus, segmentis
liberis vel basi tenuissime connexis angustis lineari-lanceolatis
acutiusculis “Be! lin. longis. Corollae tubus 4-angulus, 44-5 lin.
ongus, flavescens ; lobi ovati, acuti vel cuspidati, 34-4 lin. longi,
7 ee lin. lati, Porn Ad. Glandule lineares, 1 lin. longs.
arpella. 3 lin. longa ; styli 1 lin. longi.
BRITISH EAST AFRICA. Somaliland, Miss Cole, (Cult, in horto
Kewensi).
494, Trichocladus malosanus, ae dio. acsi ad T. ellip-
ticum, Eckl. et Zeyh., magis acced
Arbor, ramulis lignosis apice albo-incanis. Folia alterna,
breviter petiolata, oblonga, integra, subacuta, 2-3 poll. longa,
subcoriacea, facie glabra, dorso albido-incana. Flores poigna
yx parvus, campanu latus, pilis stellatis brunneis perf en
dentibus 5 rA obtusis. Petala 5, subulata, falcata, glabra,
brunnea, 3—4 lin. longa. Stamina brevia, filamentis latis brevis-
simis, antheris valva laterali dehiscentibus. Ovarium 2-loculare,
ovulis solitariis pendulis ; styli breves. Fructus ignotus.
TISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, alt. 4000-6000 ft.,
BRI
Whi aas This iacet adds a curious Cape genus to the flora of
Tropical Afri
267
495. Weihea = Baker [Rhizophores] ; ad W. africanam,
Benth., arcte a
ips. ram ies d sursum leviter pilosis. Folia breviter
petiolata, opposa, oblonga, obtusa, subcoriacea, inciso-crenata,
facie glabra, dorso ad costam pubescentia. Flores 1-2-ni,
axillares et Bente pedicellis brevibus pilosis. Calyx 3 lin,
longus, parce Bonus tubo brevi, lobis 5 ovato- IUe Petal
calyce paulo longiora, angusta, unguiculata, apice laciniata,
Stamina circiter 20, calyci qum antheris Selong parvis,
filamentis subulatis glabris. Ovarium globosum, basi ad calycem
adnatum; stylus staminibus æquilongus, subulatus. Fructus
ignotus.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba,
alt. 4000-5000 ft., Whyte.
496. Cacoucia Barteri, Hemsley [Combretaceæ] ; a C. paniculata,
Laws., foliis tenuibus longiuscule petiolatis floribus minoribus
recedit
Rani floriferi graciles, glabri. Folia subopposita, fere mem-
onp glabra, oblonga, circiter semipollicaria, acute acuminata,
basi rotundata. Racemi graciles, flexuosi, atque flores pubescentes,
pedicellis brevibus; bracteze angusts, quam flores breviores, cito
deeidus. Flores abbtfüe staminibus exsertis circiter 9 lin. lo ongi,
fere debe cu paniculata, Laws. in Oliver's Fl. Trop. Afr. 1
p. 434, pa
"Weser Sc HR AFRICA. Onitsha, Barter, 1857.
497. Eugenia (Syzygium) masukuensis, Baker [Myrtaceae] ; inter
E. owariensem Beauv., et E. cordatam, Laws., medium ens.
Arbor mulis ‘ae nate 4-angulatis giabri is. Folia
breviter ' petiolata, oblonga, acuta, crassa, rigide coriacea, 2-3 poll.
onga, basi late "edem —— glabra, venulis immersis.
globos m 2- ;
diam. aggreg gate. “Cal wy Soe obconicus, brunneus, glaber,
lin. longus, dentibus parvis semiorbieular ibus. Stamina
calyce breviora. Petala oblonga, calyce br
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. ae plateau, alt 6500-
7000 ft., Whyte
498. Dissotis Whytei, ae: feet ad D, john-
proce ees fil., arcte a t.
Fru ramulis li is P pue scabris sulcatis validus.
Folia pee petiolata, blond. acuta, 3 poll. longa, basi late
rotundata, e basi ad apicem 5-nervia, facie viridia scabra, dorso
flavo-viridia etiam scabra. Cyme ge apices ramulorum in
panieulam parvam congeste; bracteæ cito decidue ; pedicelli
brevissimi, scabri. Calycis tubus campanu ent 3 lin. longus,
setis brevibus sparsis ascendentibus albidis munitus ; did 5
iie
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 4000-6060 ft.,
Whyte. AAA
268
99. Memecylon "d m [ Melastomaces] ; ad M. dn-
seas Reichb., magis acced
Frutex omnino glaber. Ramuli lignosi, superne 4-angulati,
nodis incrassati. Folia sessilia, obova to-cuneata, ; 2-3 poll. longa,
venis primariis Behse s -patentibus. Cymæ simplices, paucifloræ,
axillares, breviter pedunculatæ vel sessiles; pedicelli calycibus
longiores. Ciis lic curii PA ue; limbo patulo obscure dentato,
llin.diam. Fructus globosus, 3-4 lin. diam., calyce persistenter
coronatus.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. North Nyasa-land, Whyte.
500. Trianthema nyasica, Baker [Ficoides]; ad T. crystallinam,
Vahl, accedit
Herba perennis. Caules graciles, glabri, decumbentes ramosis-
simi. ien Beasikia, oblanceolata, subcarnosa, glabra, obtusa,
4 lin. longa. Flores permulti, sessiles, axillares. Calycis tubus
Briand raitis 2 lin. longus; lobi 5, patuli, ovati, acuti, tubo
æquilongi. Capsula conica, membranacea, unilocularis, €
sperma, medio cireumscissa. Semina atra, reniformia, rugosa
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Monkey Bay, Lake Nyasa, alt.
1600 ft., Whyte.
501. Peucedanum (n Tigges: Baker [Umbelliferz]; ad P. Granti,
Kingston, magis ac
Herba gracilis, nd erecta, geo Caules leves, profunde
sulcati. Folia inferiora ignota; caulina breviter petiolata,
ternata, segmentis eki acutis serratis, Umbellæ primariæ.
6-8-radiatæ, bracteis involu soletis undariæ
um
-floræ, bracteis linearibus minutis. Cali ycis dentes obsoleti.
Petala alba. Fructus planus, oblongus, 3 lin. longus, jugis dorsal-
ibus inconspieuis, lateralibus in alas latas pallidas productis.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte; Shire Highlands, Buchanan (1878 collection), 167.
502. pin: ome pat ontore Baker l'Umboliifoies]; ad P. altum,
iern, magis ace
Herba erecta, "is robusta, habitu Heracleo Sphondylio similis.
Caules validi, multisuleati, superne scabri. Folia radicalia ignota ;
caulina simpliciter Shia: segmentis 3-5, magnis obovatis crenatis,
Umb radia
infimis furcatis. Umbelle primariw 15-20-radiate, involucri
bracteis Kane persistentibus 12-15 lin. longis; umbelle
secundari tiflore, bracteis consimilibus multo minoribus.
Calycis lobi c Specie. Petala alba. Fructus obovatus, planus,
in. longus, jugis dorsalibus 3 elevatis, 2 lateralibus in alas
1 lin. latas pcd ; vittae solitariae ; carpophorum tenue,
medio furcatu
T Apr, CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. $900. 700€ ft.,
Á
269
503. Peucedanum valerianefolium, Baker [Umbellifere] ;
speciebus reliquis africanis facile distinguitur foliis sedie
integris caulinis lyrato- pinnatifidis.
Herba t perennis, gracilis, erecta, glabra. Caules leves, profunde
sulcati. Folia inferi iora distincte petiolata, parva, oblon nga, acuta,
b
marginatis caducis; umbellæ secundariæ multifloræ, bracteis
minutis Wiioribus. Calycis lobi obsoleti. Petala alba. Fructus
oblongus, planus, Jugis dorsalibus haud prominentibus, lateralibus
in alas latas produc
BRITISH PAM AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 4000-6000 ft.,
Whyte.
504. Vernonia humilis, C. H. Wright ee i penni
pubescens, foliis oblongis acutis glandulosis, capitulis 4—6-floris
Caulis herbaceus vel sublignosus, pubescens, 10 poll. me
Folia 1 poll. longa, 4—5 lin. lata, alterna, oblonga, basi ap piceque
acuta, brevissime petiolata, dentata, glandulis aureis pellucidis
punctata. | Capitula 4-6- flora, 4 lin. Jonga, i in corymbos terminales
disposita. Involucrum campanulatum, bracteis paucis imbricatis
ovatis obtusis marginibus scariosis. aUor olla regulariter yaar
Antheræ basi obtusæ, apice appendices triangulares scariosa
gerentes. St i Aen bipartitus. Achenia leviter striata. Pappi seti
filiformes, s
Torrey PIR German East Africa : Lower plateau, north
of Lake Nyasa, J. Thomson. British Central Africa: Mt. Mlanje,
6000 ft., HOoni , 30.
The leaves contain numerous — glands, on the surface of
which in the recent specimens are golden globules. In
older sieohneny "ie surfaces of the pnm appear densely
punctate.
505. Helichrysum concinnum, N. E. Brown [Composite-Inu-
loideæ] ; H.cochleariformi, DC. propane sed capitulis mino-
ribus pallidioribus oblongis di ffer
Herba 6 poll. alta, e basi ramosa. Caules graciles erecti, supra
niculato ramosi, laxe foliosi, eur cifre
vel lineari-oblonga, 3—6 lin. longa, 3-1 lin. lata, ak utrinque
reece, apice fusco-apiculata. Pale 3 lin. longa, 1 lin
, laxe comymboso-paniculata, pedicellata, oblonga, 50—60- flora.
Toa campanulati squamæ Inteo-fulve, bullato-imbricatæ,
lineari-oblongæ, subacutæ, apice subcucullato-concavæ. Flores
exteriores filiformes ; r tubulosi, 5-dentati. Pappi setæ
apice breviter incrassate.—H. cochleariforme, Harv. in Harv. &
Sond. Fl. Cap. IIl. p. 220, non DC.
SOUTH AFRICA. Little jenes agent near Ezels Fontein and
Rood Berg, 3500—4000 ft., November, Drè
This plant was assigned by Harvey to 2 AO HUS es DC.,
but it is perfectly distinct from that species, altho ugh allied to it,
differing in its more 2 moa much smaller, bond. and mu ch
270
paler coloured flower-heads. In H. mobs me, DC. (H. stel-
latum, Less., var. globiferum, Harv.) the heads are 3-M lines in
diameter, globose, and dark tawny brown in iiid
506. Athrixia stenophylla, Baker M es -Inuloides]; ad
A. debilem; DC., madagascariensem magis accedit
Herba perennis, glabra. Caules graciles, astricti, erecti, 2-3-
es, ad apicem foliati. Folia alterna, asce ndentia, lineari-
l. lo
in corymbum terminalem diposita ; pedunculi TOn, graciles,
foliis paucis reductis præditi. Znvolucrum campanulatum 3 lin.
longum, bracteis pauciseriatis lanceolatis glabris squarrosis.
Achenia angulata, oblonga, glabra, 4 lin. longa. Pappi sete
rigidæ, achænio duplo breviores, et paucæ dilatatæ, paleacese,
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte, 219.
507. Schistostephium microcephalum, Baker [Ooripom te n
mides] ; ad S. heptalobum, Benth. et Hook. fil., arcte accedit.
Herba perennis, erecta. Caules virgati, aba: pubescentes, ad
apicem foliati. Folia alterna, simpliciter pinnata, parva, segmentis
linearibus planis mucronatis, infimis 6-9 lin. lon ngis, 4 3 lin. latis.
Capitula maiia, homogama, discoidea, 2 lin. diam., in corymbum
densum terminalem aggregata ; pedicelli erecti, albo- pubescentes.
Tolir. campanulatum, 1j lin. longum, bracteis lanceolatis
inzquilongis x. eg is sagas is. Corolla lutea, 1 e longa,
lobis parvis ovatis. Acheni à habi, angulata, 4 lin
BRITISH Cstkar AFRICA. Between Kondowe ak Karonga,
Whyte.
508. Schistostephium artemisiefolium, Baker [Uompoemes
Anthe amide] ; ad S. heptalobum, Benth. et Hook. fil, magis
Herba perennis, erecta. Caules albo-pubescentes, ad apicem
erebre foliati. Folia sessilia, ascendentia, alterna, bipinnatifida,
9-12 lin. longa, segmentis eed e acutis righ idulis marginibus
revolutis facie sparse dorso dense albo-pilos Capitula homo-
ma, multiflora, 3 lin. diam., in ed mbum terisinihitd disposita,
pedicellis pedunculisque dense albo-pilosis. Znvolucrum cam-
panulatum, 1} lin. longum, bracteis lanceolatis rigidulis appressis
inequilongis albo-pubescentibus. Corolla lutea } lin. longa, lobis
parvis ovatis. Achenia glabra, 4 lin. longa.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000—7000 ft.,
Whyte, 225.
Senecio (Kleinia) antitensis, Baker [Compositze—Senecio-
E e]: a S. reuse ec Baker, recedit pedunculo elongato,
capitulis discoi
Suffrutez pao Folia ad apices ramorum conferta,
oblonga, subacuta, sessilia, basin versus sensim angustata, 15-18
lin. longa, siccitate rugosa, e basi 5-nervia. Pedunculi s glabel,
graciles, erecti, subpedales. Cree pauca, discoidea, laxe
271
corymbosa, apeme capitulis longioribus erectis. Involucrum
campanulatum, : Ren longum et latum, bracteis circiter 8 oblongo-
linearibus obtus Flores involucro paulo longiores. Pappus
albus, corolla tabe equilongus. Achwnia matura ignota.
CENTRAL MADAGASCAR. Mount Antety, Forsyth Major, 618.
510. Senecio (Kleinia) nyikensis, Baker [Compositze-Senecio-
nidez] ; ad S. /ongipedem, Baker, somaliensem magis accedit
Herba perennis, erecta, subcarnosa, tripedalis. Caules validi,
glabri, in tertio inferiore crebre foliati. Folia producta, oblan
ceolato-oblonga, integra, subacuta, ad. basin longe stai
majora 5-6 poll. longa 1 poll. lata; superiora reducta, remota,
parva, linearia. Capitula discoidea, hom ogama, terminalia, pauca,
orymbosa ; pedunculi elongati, validi, erecti. Involucrum cam-
poll. i
pausa, lanceolatis subcoriaceis glabris. Corolla lutea, 6 lin.
longa. Achenia Sm ndrica, glabra, 2 lin. longa. Pappus albus,
mollis, 6 lin. pem
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte.
511. Dicoma nyikensis, Baker [Composite-Mutisiacew]; ad
D. anomalam, Sond., et D. quinquenerviam, Baker, accedit.
Herba perennis, subpedalis, erecta. Caules simplices, graciles,
albo-incani, ad apicem foliati. ers alterna, sessilia, erecto-
patentia, linearia integra, 2-3 poll. longa, facle viridia glabra,
dorso albo-incana. Capital la 1-3, seni uem , homogama, discoidea.
Involucrum campanulatum, 9- 12 lin . diam., ' bracteis nultineristis
appressis sit ser ec interioribus Tineari-subulatis, ET
sensim brevioribus lanceolatis. Corolla 5 lin. longa, lobis lin-
earibus. A oho ngu, pilis albis sivi are dense villosa.
Pappus albidus, setosus, rigidulus, 4 lin. longus.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte.
512. Dicoma megacephala, Baker [Composite-Mutisiacee]; ad
D. nyikensem, Baker, arcte accedit.
Herba perennis. Caules decumbentes, graciles, subpedales,
sepissime simplices, superne albo-incani, ad apicem foliati. Folia
sessilia, linearia, integra, 2-3 poll. longa, ea viridia glabra, dorso
albo-incana. Capitula terminalia, sepissime solitaria, homogama,
tubulosa, 12-18 jc diam. adum gesein multi-
nea 15-18 lin. longum, bracteis rigidulis appressis na
leviter albo-araneosis, interioribus linearibus, exterioribus eo-
latis. Corolla 6 lin. longa, cylindrica, lobis linearibus. Aronia
angulata, pilis albis ascendentibus dense villosa, Pappus albus,
setosus, rigidulus, 6 lin. longus.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga,
alt, 2000-6000 ft., Whyte,
212
513. Bleria microdonta, C. H. Wright [Ericaces]; fruticosa,
foliis oblongis vendis minute dentatis, sepalo uno (postico ?)
ceteris multo longiore
Frutex ericoideus. Rami primum cinereo-tomentosi. olia
1-1} lin. longa, oblonga, glabra, minute dentata, subtus unisulcata,
supra costa elevata, petiolis 4 lin. longis. Inflorescentia
terminalis, (ebracteata ?), floribus tetrameris circa 12 umbellatim
dispositis, brevissime pe Sepala libe m cæteris
multo longius b m simu Corolla suburceolata, 1 lin
racteolu ula
longa, lobis late triangularibus. Sean subexserta ; anther
bilobatw, apice magnipoross, basi aristate. Ovarium quadri-
loculare, multiovulatum ; stylus: quam corolla duplo longior,
seen subpeltato.
TISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Mlanje, 6000 ft.
MeGlounte. 90. 19, 95.
The absence of glandular "wei on the leaves gives this species
a very esteem appearance. One of the four sepals greatly
exceeds the others in size, a ind at first sight gives the flower the
appearance x being unibracteolate. The odd sepal is often green
and leaf-like and as long as the corolla.
514. gn gene —— visi [Apoeynace»]; proxima O. nitide,
Benth., sed p s longis, foliis majoribus, nervatione minus
conspicua, cies ano — distincta.
argine areuatim connexis nee dise venis gene
petiolus longus. Fania ule vel racemi terminales vel sub-
terminales, 2-4 poll. longi, minute rufo-tomentelli ; bractea mox
decidus; pedicelli 1-13 lin. longi. Calycis segmenta ovato-
elliptica vel elliptiea, 1} lin. longa, in sur minute rufo-tomentella,
orolla vividi-lutea; tubus intus dense albo-
villosus, 2 lin. longus; lobi tubo Heals, subobtusi ; squamæ
fauciales lineares.
UPPER GUINEA. Cameroons, Efulen, Bates, 403.
15. Cynanchum cucullatum, N. E. Brown [Asclepiadere ];: species
gracilis, corollz lobis cucullatis et corona reducta facile Ends
Caules 1-2 ped. longi, graciles simplices vel bas i ramosi,
volubiles, glabri. bens d wii poll. longa, 1-13 lin. "d linearia,
a, iolo
margines angustiss ate pce sunt, glabra. Cyme umbelli-
re.
3-6 lin. longi, et pedicelli 2-23 lin. longi, utrique unifaria m puberuli ;
bracte: ł lin. longs, lanceolato-subulate, glabree. Seo i lariocolat
acuta, gla abra. Corolla profunde 5-loba, 3 lin. diam., lobis 1-
lin. longis 3 lin. latis erecto-patentibus 'cueullatis apice incurvis
acutis glabris. Corona pone breviter cupuliformis, pen-
tagona, levissime 5-loba, j lin. alta, lobis erectis obtusis antheris
* E
TUS x TT Jaa
ith dst eae a e el ie esa a a = CUUECDU RC
273
appressis nec adnatis. Antheræ erecta, appendicibus membra-
naceis ovatis subacutis supra styli apicem convexum inflexis.
Pollinis masse pendule
MADAGASCAR. Without locality, Baron, 2036.
The very reduced corona of this duro slightly resembles that
of C. sarcostemmatoides, K. Schum
916. Cynanchum longipes, N. E. Brown [Asclepiades];
C. pol yantho, K. Schum., affinis ed I duplo longioribus et
orone lobis incurvis facile distinct
Caules ae en unifariam ve Folia distantia; petiolus
3-34 poll. longus, gracilis, minute puberulus ; 2-3 poll.
longa, 11-2 bolt lata, late ovata, breviter aat orn "feit bem
venis minute puberulis. Cymæ umbelliformes, laxz, 5+12-floræ
pedunculate ; pedunculi 2-6 lin. longi, unifariam puberuli ; :
pedicelli 3-1 poll. longi, subfiliformes, puberuli. Sepala $ lin.
longa, 4-4 lin. lata, oblonga, acuta, glabra. Corolle lobi 24 lin.
e : :
tubulosa, 10- dentata, intus nuda, pne alternis majoribus
apice plus minusve bifidis vel insqualiter bidentatis, omnibus
inarcuatis. Anthere subsessiles, subquadratz, appendicibus ovatis
acutis supra apicem styli inflexis.
UPPER GUINEA. Lagos; Papalayito, Millen (1895 collection), 48.
. 917. Cynanchum lineare, N. E. Brown [Asclepiadec] ; C. sibirico,
R. Br., similis, sed corona urceolata differt.
MM 9-12 poll. alti, erecti vel apice subvolubiles, simplices
auciramosi, bifariam pubescentes. olia patentia, gera a
fa 3 poll. longa, 4-1 lin. lata, linearia, acuta, plana vel marginibus
angustissime re voluta, fere glabra, in costis inurriuibusque pilis :
paucis aspersa. Cyme umbelliformes, ad nodos laterales, pedun-
culate, 10-20-flore ; pedunculi 6-9 lin. longi, pedicelli 14-23 lin
net utrique pilis auda minute pubesc esnia Sepala
3-3 lin. longa, 4 lin. ovata, acuta, subgl vel parce
A aiee Corolla paced ad 3 qu edle "lobis 1-1} lin.
Mpeg i lin. latis lanceolato-oblongis obtusis glabris. Corona
3 li n. longa, urceolata, pilono poria na, ore contracto, 5-dentata,
in nuda, dentibus tis obtusis cucullatis. Staminum
columna quam corona Japi brevior, antheræ sessiles, deltoideæ,
crassæ, appendicibus membranaceis anguste lanceolatis inflexis.
MADAGASCAR. Without locality, Baron, 109.
518. Ceropegia fusiformis, N. E. Brown [Asclepiadeæ] ;
omnibus speciebus Africæ R tubo corollæ ad ede em
media ya tasiformi-Hüflido differ
Caulis volubilis, glaber. ae "m petioli 6-8 lin. longi;
lamine 11-23 poll. longe, 1-1] poll. late, ovate vel elliptico-
oblonge, acute vel breviter acuminata, p epi basi cuneato-
angustate, glabre, marginibus parce et minute Storer
Inflorescentia, subumbellatim 6-10-flora; pedunculi 1-1? po
longi, laterales, glabri ; pedicelli glabri, 3-4 lin. longi.
274
2 lin. longa, elongato-ovata, in subulam complicatam attenuata.
Corolle tubus li poll. longus, curvatus, basi ovo —€—
2 lin. diam., ad partem mediam usiformidsiisies 3 lin. dia
extus glaber, intus parte inferiore hirtus ; lobi 4-4 lin. longi, late
deltoidei, apice connati, valde replicati, glabri. Corone lobi
exteriores j lin. longi, 2 lin. lati, late ovato-deltoidei, apice minute
bifidi vel emarginati, eU birti; lobi interiores 14 lin. longi,
erecto-conniventes, quam columna me multo longiores,
oblongo-lineares, basi iarasi, dorso hirt
UPPER GUINEA. Lagos; Abeokuta, dun (1895 collection), 89.
519. Belmontia divaricata, Baker [Gentianacem]; a B.
nensi, Baker, recedit foliis ovatis, ramis panicule ietis
flexuosis.
Herba perennis, glabra. Caules acute tetragoni. Folia
caulina ovata, acuta, sessilia, opposita, 2-2} poll. longa, e basi
trinervia. Panicula ampla, bifurcata, ramis cymosis longe
pedunculatis, pedicellis elongatis. Sepala cuspidata, 4 lin. longa,
dorso late alata. Corollæ tubus ampullæformis, calyci subæqui-
longus ; limbus expansus 12- s niin. diam, lobis — —
patulis. Anthere lineari-oblon ? lin. lon ngs, e tubo corollae
breviter protruse, filamentis cir filiformibus. Sti ius. fili-
com € capitato.
ASCAR. Forest of Isohimanitra, province of Tanala,
Fong Mier
This is much the finest and most floriferous species of the genus.
520. Tachiadenus Mm, Baker [Gentianacex] ; a speciebus
reliquis recedit floribus parvi
Herba pornniaglabra, radice lignosa, Caules graciles, tetragoni,
cæspitosi, 6-9 poll. longi. Folia opposita, brevissime petiolata,
oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, 5-6 lin. longa, 14-2 lin. lata, firmula,
glabra, basi cuneata. Flores solitarii, axillares, pedicellis ascen-
dentibus, Calyx 1} lin. longus, tubo brevissimo, lobis lanceolatis
eng Corolle tubus cylindricus, apice dilatatus, 8-9 lin.
ongus ; lobi albi, patuli, rotandati, cuspidati, Et lin. longi.
iege, in coroll: tubo inclusa. Fructus ignotu
MADAGASCAR, Ambohimitombo, province of t Forsyth
Major, 403.
521. Swertia nummularifolia, Baker [Gentianacex]; a S. pumila,
Boshet, recedit foliis caulinis 4-5 jugis, cymis condensatis pauci-
oris.
Herba perennis, glabra. Caules erecti, 4-6 poll. longi, simplices
vel profunde furcati, graciles, tetragoni. Folia basalia rosulata,
caulina 4—-5-juga, orbicularia, sessilia, obtusa, basi rotundata,
e um terminales. Sepala oblonga, obtusa, herbacea, viridia,
2 lin. longa. Corollæ tubus campanulatus, calyci æquilongus ;
lobi Tari obtusi, lutei, purpureo tincti, tubo paulo longiores.
Antheræ e corollæ tubo protrusæ, lobis triplo breviores.
275
MADAGASCAR. Mount Antety, above Ambositra, Forsyth
Major, 641.
Adds this genus to the flora of Madagascar. There are several
species on the mountains of Tropical Africa.
522. Solanum nakurense, C. H. Wright [Solanaceæ] ; fruticosum,
ramis glabris, foliis parvis oblongis leviter sinuatis, antheris
demum rimis dehiscentibus.
Frutex 3-pedalis. Rami tenues, glabri. Folia 8 lin. longa,
3 lin. lata, approximata, breviter petiolata, oblonga, leviter sinuata,
utrinque pilis paucis simplicibus vestita. Cy» subumbellate,
props npor T pee product, pedicellis incrassatis. Calyx
2 lin. dia anguste triangulares, tubo equilongi, subglabri.
Corolla ae (alba ?), 5 lin. diam ; lobi 9; angusti, acuti, subtus
pubescentes. — iid subsessiles, oblonge, primum poris magnis
t inalil emum rimis] Ovarium
oblongum, RIENE : jme quam stamina duplo longior.
hen East AFRICA. Nakuru, Scott Elliott, 6800.
Allied to S. carense, Dun., but much smaller in all its parts and
having Fer glabrous pR
523. Ipomæa operosa, C. H. Wright [Convolvulaceæ] ; scandens
I. involucrate, Beanv., proxima, se ense tomentosa, bracteis
Lo oy RR subtus longe pilosis differt.
Suffrutex scandens, dense tomentosus. Folia corse acuta,
supra pilis appressis vestita, subtus dense tomentosa, 4-5 poll.
longa, 3-4 poll. lata, petiolis 2-3 poll. longis. rod capitati ;
pedunculi 24 poll. longi; bractee cymbiformes, acute, dish
pilis longis przsertim ad basin vestit». Calycis lobi subulati,
quam tubus paulo longiores, ad apicem dense pilosi. Corolla
campanulata, 1j - longa, 1} poll. diam., epa calyx 4-plo
longior. Stamin a quam corolla dimidio brevio
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Zomba, Kirk, Wh; y; Nyasaland,
Buchanan (1891 collection), 370.
hyte states that “this plant is a most troublesome
weed, with a leng spongy tap root, most difficult to eradicate from
Zo mba garden
524. Tecoma Whytei, C. H. Wright [Bignoniaceæ] ; fruticosa,
foliolis late lanceolatis acutis basi rotundatis obscure crenatis.
Folia pinnatim 4-5-juga ; foliola udo petiolata, subtus ad
nervorum axillas pilosa, 1 poll. longa, 7 lin. lata. Racemi ter-
minales, bracteolis subulatis ; pedunculi 5 poll. longi ; pedicelli
9 li . Calyx campanulatus, 6 lin. longus, dentibus 5 late
triangularibus acutis. pi pem tubus 1} ie longus, curvatus,
superne dilatatus; lobi . longi, oblongi, apice rotundati, -
9 superiores erecti, 3 itea patentes Sonani lobis su.
perioribus coroll eequilonga; filamenta interne pilosa. Qu
parvum, oblongum.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Zomba Plateau, 5000 ft., Whyte.
The flowers of this species resemble those of T. Nyassa, Oliv.,
but the shape of the leaflets is quite different.
14538 | : : eU
276
525. Plantago tanalensis, Bazer [Plantagines] ; a P. palmata,
Hook. fil., recedit foliis subintegris breviter petiolatis, spicis laxis.
Herba perennis, fibris radicalibus multis gracilibus. Folia
8-10, rosulata, breviter petiolata, subrotunda, obtusa, 11-2 poll.
longa, utrinque pubescentia, siccitate i ed e basi quin-
quenervia. Pedunculi graciles, glabri, 6-9 poll. longi. Spice
cylindric, vin en 8-9 poll. longze, sursum naasna deorsum
laxifloræ ; bractee ł lin. longæ, sepalis consimiles. cx
, glabra, medio brunne
late albida. Corolle lobi parvi, vun — , pabuli Stylus
$ lin. Mem Capsula oblonga, glabra, disperm:
MADA CAR. Mount Antety and Ambohimitombo forest,
province ee Tanala, alt. 1450-1560 ft., Forsyth Major, 380, 633,
708 ; Betsileo-land, Hildebrandt, 3906.
e are very few species of Plantago in Madagascar and
tropical Africa. P. palmata, to which this is nearly allied, is
a mountain species common to both sides of the continent.
526. Celosia a uin Baker [Amarantacee] ; ad C. argenteam,
Linn., arcte ac
Herba erecta. Caules Eu pubescentes. Folia etm
panduriformia, inferiora 3-4 poll. longa, lobis basalibus
ovatis vel oblongis obtusis. Pico dens, breves, cerra
terminales; bracte: Sei acute, albe, fl oribus breviores.
Perianthium 2-25 l longum, segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis
acutis, albis, carina oncólüre trinervata. Ovarium ampulla».
forme, i in stylum longum sensim attenuatum, stigmate minut
PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA. Zambesi valley, between Tette
and the coast, Kirk.
527, Celosia DN Baker [Amarantacese]; floribus magnis
et stylo e see o C. argentee, Linn., proximata, recedit habitu
suffrutic
Suffrutez sarmentosus. Ramuli graciles, elongati, sursum
pubescentes. olia parva, petiolata, oblonga, acuta, obscure
a, ac
pubescentia, ad basin angustata. Cyma@e in spicas oblongas
terminales M ERN bractee minute. Perianthium album,
2 lin. longuin, segmentis óblongis 2 lin. longis, carina concolore
trinervata. Ovarium ampulleforme; s hei a 2 lin. longus.
Utriculus viridis, perianthio valde brevio
PORTUGESE EAST AFRICA. Lower "n of the valley of the
Shire, Meller ; Moramballa and Shupanga, Kirk.
528. Celosia chenopodiifolia, Baker | [ Amarantaces] ; C.
rig ynam, Linn., aec accedit ; recedit floribus duplo minoribus, fruetu
e perianthio exserto,
seen gracillimi, straminei, glabri. Folia perparva, oblonga,
, ad basin attenuata. Cyme pauciflore, in spicas termi-
ue elongatas sursum densas aggregate. Perianthium album,
211
longum, segmentis oblongis obtusis viridi-carinatis.
ort viridis, globosus, e perianthio exsertus; stylus
brevissimus.
Fes Chella mountains, Sir H. H. Johnston.
529. Celosia semperflorens, Baker [Amarantacew ] ad C. trigynam,
Linn., accedit; recedit spicis densis, floribus duplo minoribus
et stylis duobus. ;
Herba, caulibus erectis ramosissimis glabris. Folia petiolata,
oblonga vel seriei integra, basi cuneata, glabra, viridia
2 poll.
ae, nut». Per
anthium album, $ lin. longum, segmentis eR ‘outils hat
VUL OH esc SNP globosus, perianthio equilongus ;
styli 2, brevissim
BRITISH eren AFRICA. Abundant at Blantyre, flowering
nearly all the year, Buchanan (1881 collection), 52.
530. Celosia minutiflora, Baker [Amarantacew] ; ad C. semper-
florentem, Baker, (vide supra) accedit ; recedit spicis laxis, fructu
es
Caules graciles, elongati, glabri, parum ramosi. Folia perparva,
ams ded subsessilia, basi angustata vel rotundata. Cymæ pauci-
florz, glomerulos globosos congeste, glomerulis in spicis
uem laxis nite ; bracteze ovate, ‘minute. Perianthium
eitis 3 lin. longum, segmentis oblongis obtusis haud viridi-
natis. Dons globosus, viridis, e perianthio exsertus ;
styli 2, brevissimi
UGANDA. Hannington.
531. Celosia loandensis, Baker [Amarantaceæ] ; ad C. trigynam,
Linn, pues recedit habitu suffruticoso, floribus minoribus, stylis
2, fructo e
Suffr mz" ramis elongatis. Ramuli multi, breves, patuli,
glabri. Folia, petiolata, ovata, acuminata, glabra, basi cordata
Cyme in glom erulos globosos congeste, glomerulis in spicis
b i æ tæ, p
anthio breviores. Perianthium album, 1 lin. longum, segmentis
ovato-oblongis ; carina Hr praece Utriculus globosus, e
perianthio exsertus ; styli 2, brevissimi.
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA. Ri ola; province = — under
1000 ft., Welwitsch, 6537 b. gees Congo, C. Sm
532. Celosia nana, Baker [Amarantacee] ; annua, stigmatibus 2
sessilibus.
Herba annua, glabra, ramosissima. Ramuli 3-4 poll. longi.
Folia perparva,obionga,subsessilia, ad basin ibo Ci Lien laxe,
in paniculas terminales interruptas aggregate; braetes ovate
inute. ro inori album, ž lin. longum, segmentis "otiCngis
obtusis obscure carinatis. Utriculus globosus, perianthio
æquilongus.
ANGOLA. Welwitsch, 6566.
14588 C2
278
533. i poteke bci sac Baker [Amarantacee ] ;
eiua. Schinz, a accedit ; recedit floribus majoribus Tries
stam niferis ueste tricuspi idatis
Herba perennis glabra. Caules ERP virides. Folia sparsa,
sessilia, linearia, 1-2 poll. longa. Spicæ densæ, simplices, 1—4 poll.
long: ; ocam ovate vel ovato-lanceolatæ, perianthio valde
breviores. Perianthium niveum, 3 lin. decere e prey
Welwitsch, 6502. ee E of Mossamedes,
534. Sericocoma Welwitschii, Baker eI ovario
oblongo haud cornuto, foliis oblongis membrana
Herba perennis. Ramuli oppositi, oe Folia breviter
petiolata, aad Im 12-18 lin. longa, utrinque pilosa
Glomeruli axillar in paniculam oblongam terminalem
aggregati ; rrei dem pinosi, straminei; bractez ovate,
perianthio valde br es. Perianthium 2 lin ongum, basi
lanosum, segmentis rigidis lanceolatis viridibus albo-marginatis.
Staminodia quadrata. Ovarium oblongum; stylus elongatus,
mn cmd itato
UESE WEST AFRICA. Provi
Welwitsch 6501. rovince of Mossamedes,
535. Cyathula Mannii, Baker [Amarantacez] ; ad C. cylindricam,
Moq., et C. schimperianam, Moq., arcte accedit
Herba perennis, ramosa, 6-10 pedalis. Ramuli sursum pilis
reflexis vestiti. olia pue peime ovata vel oblonga, acuta,
utrinque dense pilosa, inferi 2-3 poll. longa. Glomeruli in
thium album, 2 lin. longum, segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis pilosis.
TROPICAL AFRICA. Cameroon mountains, alt. 7000 ft., and
ernando Po, alt. 10000 ft., Mann ; Ruwenzori, alt. 6000-8000 ft.,
Scott Elliot, T102.
l believe this to be distinct from both the above-mentioned
nearly allied eastern species.
536. T i ema gl dea Baker [Amarantacee]; ad C. globuli-
feram, Moq., a
Herba perennis. Soe dense pilosi. Folia breviter petiolata,
oblon acuta, utrinque dense pilosa. Glomeruli in capitula
globosa 1 poll. diam. aggregati ; capitula 10-15, i in paniculas spicatas
terminales disposita ; ; bractee ovate, scariose, al oribus
breviores. Perianthium album, 3 lin. longum, segmentis lanceolatis
acuminatis scariosis. Spine hamate, perianthio equilonge.
BRITISH EAST AFRICA. Kapti plateau, Masai-land, alt. 5000-
6000 ft., Joseph Thomson.
249
537. Psilotrichum concinnum, Baker [Amarantacex] ; a P. a
cano, Oliv., recedit, habitu herbaceo, foliis multo minoribus, pice
omnibus termina ibus
Herba perennis, ramosa. Ramuli glabri, — pe
virides. Folia parva, breviter petiolata, oblon
obtusa, sparse pubescentia. Spice parve, dense, Ac nbn cass
terminales, rhachi subrecto dense put bracteæ parve, late
ovate. Perianthium album, 2 lin. lon segmentis oblongo-
lanceolatis rigidis Weeds Btamino dde abortiva. Stylus
brevissimus, stigmate capitat
BRITISH CENTRAL ton Blantyre, Last.
538. te pre trichophyllum, Baker [Amarantacez] ;
africano, Oliv., recedit foliis firmis subsessilibus utrinque je
pubescentibus
- Suffruter, mils lignosis dense See Folia sub-
sessilia, oblonga, 11—2 poll. longa, acuta, firmula, utrinque dense
pubescentia. Spice dense, pauciflore, in paniculam parvam
terminalem disposite. Pi sünthium album, 2 lin. longum,
segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis rigidis pubescentibus.
PORTUGUESE EAST AFRICA. Lower part of the Zambesi valley
at Shamo, Kirk.
539. Psilotrichum debile, Baker [Amarantaceæ] ; a P. africano
liv., recedit foliis obovatis subsessilibus, ramulis elongatis
debilibus.
a eet Bea os mic oe M T Vos artes Folia
, poll A i
oblongæ, 1 poll. longæ, rhachi peer dense piloso ; bracteæ
ovatæ, pubescentes, — paulo breviores. Perianthium album,
21 lin. longum, segmentis oblo ngo tiko ceolatis rigidis dense
pubescentibus. Štaminodia quadrata, pilosa. Stylus elongatus,
stigmate capi
ANGOLA. ia 6570.
540. Psilotrichum rubellum, Baker aI ere a P. schim-
periano, Engl., recedit rhachibus spicarum lanosis
erba perennis, erecta. Caules graciles, —— sparse pubes-
EM Folia fasciculata, sessilia, linearia, Berar 1-2 poll. longa,
viridia, subglabra. Spice parvs, dense, terminales, rhachibus
lanosis ; cut da git ses Pei nsn rubrum, glabrum,
2 lin. longum ; rigidis ob asda rcs Staminodia
Gtiadrata. Sti iim popa stigmate capi
ANGOLA. Province of Huilla, alt. inn -5500 ft., Welwitsch,
6509. Province of Humpata, Chella mountains, Sir H. "H. Johnston.
541. Psilostachys Kirkii, Baker ee ad P. gnaphalo-
bryam, Hochst., (Psilotrichum cordatum, Mog.) accedit.
Suffrutex erecta. Ramuli lignosi, teretes, glabri. Folia
280
,
centia. Panicula ampla, us ramis ascendentibu us, ramulis capil-
laribus flexuosis, spicis paucifloris. Perianthium viride, pilosum,
1j lin. longum, vi inea exterioribus oblongo-lanceolatis rigidis
dorso Nancie: triner
ica EAST mie Sabaki River, Melinda, near Mombasa,
542, aa breviflora, Baker [Amarantaceæ] ; ad A. ob-
lanceolatam, Schinz, et A. Carsoni, Baker, magis accedit.
a perennis. Oua les graciles, virgati, glabri, albidi, viridi-
striati, angulati. Folia petiolata, linearia, integra, glabra , ad basin
attenuata. Spice dense, primum oblonge, demum cylindrice,
ae
z lin. longs; bracteole ovate, ascendentes, perianthio duplo
breviores. Perianthii segmenta rigida, lanceolata, glabra, 2 lin.
edio "viridia, marginibus lide rubra. Stamina
peranthio paulo breviora. Ovarium ovoideum ; stylus elongatus.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Between Kondowe and Karonga,
alt. 2000—6000 ft., Whyte.
543. Achyranthes — Baker [ Amarantacez]; ad A. oblanceo-
latam, Schinz, arcte a Mrs
Herba perennis, pedali Caules simplices vel furcati, erecti
ad nodos solum pilo odi “Fo lia paucijuga, sessilia, lanceolata
vel oblanceolata, subcoriacea, viridia, glabra, centralia 1—2 poll.
longa 3—4 lin. lata. ad cd ag aH pare terminales, longe
pedunculate, 1-3 poll. longs, floribus inferioribus patulis haud
reflexis ; bractez E vds acute, albe. Perianthium album,
glabrum, 3 lin. longum, segmentis rigidis lanceolatis, carina
distincte trinervata. Stamina perianthio "multo breviora. St; ylus
—À stigmate capitato.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFR Fwam wE Lake Tanganyika,
alt. 5000-6000 ft., Carson (1893 collection), 8
4. Polygonum (Persicaria) nyikense, Baker [Polygonacesm];
ad F Poir. etii, Meissn., accedit ; recedit spicis cylindricis, in pani-
culam brevem agg BRA i
Caulis: ramosus, modice robustus, glaber. ifa "ED nde
3-4 por. longa, utrinque setis sparsis appressis vestita ; oc
poll.
Setar t brevem rica i Bilotei superiores gla ræ,
inferi ores margine setis ciliate. Perianthium 1} lin. longum,
secre oblongis rubro-viridibus haud glanduloso- pani
Nu ux lenticularis, orbicularis, castaneus, nitidus ; styli 2.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika mountains, 4000-6000 ft.,
Whyte.
545. Pilea floribunda, Baker [Urticaceæ-Urticeæ] ; ; a speciebus
omnibus africanis facile distinguitur foliis magnis breviter petio-
latis cymis in paniculam laxam dispositis
281
Caules op tee pubescentes. Folia ie Pre acuta, brevite
petiolata, 8-9 poll. longa, medio 21-3 poll. lata, ad basin doe
angustata, bee en. facie glabrata, dorso ‘pubescentia, e basi
ad medium triplinervia. Panicule axillares, monoice, foliis
paulo breviores, ramis pubescentibus patulis vel reflexis, cymis
ad apices ramulorum DONEC Perianthit segmenta ovata,
acuta, pubescentia, # lin. peer Stamina perianthio equilonga,
dd feminei et fructus i Mya
ASCAR. Forest of Ambohimitombo, province of Tanala,
Ea 1450-1560 ft., fois A Major, 270.
546. Gymnosiphon squamatum, C. H. Wright [Burmanniaces] ;
G. usambarico, Engl., proximum, sed perianthii lobis exterioribus
eee diffe rt.
a A cese Caulis ascendens, 3-4 poll. longus.
Folia se squamas 1 lin. longas reducta. Inflorescentia terminalis,
cymosa. Perian Aisa infundibuliforme, 3 lin. longum; lobi
exteriores integri, ovati, interiores desunt. Stamina perianthii
faucibus affixa. Ovarium globosum, uniloculare, multiovulatum ;
stylus giesa Pb squilongus, stigmate trilobato. Capsula
globos 2 lin. dia
EST Tubi AFRICA. Sibange Farm, Gaboon, Soyauz,
167 168; Efulen, Cameroons, Bates, 311,
de PI godes luteo-nigra, Baker [Irides]; S. bicolorem
Baker, mds ccedit : recedit segmentis st iie tubo paulo
Tees ibus
Cormus Sheen 9 lin. diam., tunicis membranaceis brunneis.
Folia basalia 4-5, teretia, gracilia, rigida, glabra lo
superantia, pedalia, 4 gut diam. Pedunculus brevis, strictus,
erectus, uniflorus, 2 poll. longus ; Tian valvæ 2, lineares,
æquilongæ, sursum rigidæ, deorsum mbranaceæ. Perianthii
tubus gracilis, cylindricus, gr ‘dilatatus 14-15 lin. longus;
segmenta oblonga, tubo lon aca, dorso PAgreson p MN
15-18 lin. longa. Genitalia (Une distingte brevio
CAPE COLONY. Queenstown division, on the summit of the
Andries Berg, near Baileytown, alt. 6350 ft., and on the Hangklip
Mountains, alt. 6600 ft., Galpin, 1516.
Aristea nyikensis, nd A rama ad A. paniculatam, Pax,
a pm , Baker) magis ace
Caulis pedalis, rate ae alatus, foliis 4—5 remotis
lia lin nde edi
preditus. Fo earia, ascendentia, media 8-9 poll. longa
3—1 lin. lata, Poparone sensim minora. Panicula laxa, thyrsoidea,
capitulis flor 3-4 supremis sessilibus; pedunculi florum
inferiorum hevo erecto-patentes ; pedicelli 2 lin. longi. Peri-
anthium ignotum. Capsula oblongo-globosa, 23 lin. longa, obtuse
angulata, valvis demum torulos
sco CENTRAL Sede Nyika plateau, 6000-7000 ft.,
yte. :
282
- 549. Aristea DU en Baker [lridee]; ad A. paniculatam,
Pax, etiam acce
. Folia ua 5-6, linearia, rigidula, pedalia, 3 lin. lata,
conspicue nervata, nervis crebris. Caulis pedalis, gracilis, angu-
latus, foliis 3-4 ascendentibus præditus, infimo elongato, reliquis
valde reductis. Capitula florum superiora sessilia, infimum
breviter peduncu ulatum; bractez exteriores magne, ionge.
integre, marginibus late-membranaces. Perianthium ceruleum
3 lin. longum, segmentis oblongis. Capsula oblonga, parva,
subsessilis, obtuse angulata.
ue CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt, 4000-6000 ft.,
hyte
550. Gladiolus (Hebea) stenophyllus, Baker [Irides] ; a G. eduli,
Benth., recedit foliis subteretibus staminibus perianthio paulo
brevioribus.
"Cormus globosus, parvus, tunicis fibrosis supra collum longe
productis. Folia basalia rigida, subteretia, glabra, facie canali-
culata, subpedalia. Caulis gracilis, simplex, folio unico reducto
vaginante preditus, 6-9 poll. altus. Spica simplex, secunda,
multiflora, 2—4 poll. longa ; spathz valva Storie parva, oblon ngo-
lanceolata, 3-4 lin. longa. Perianthium rubellum 13-1
longum, tubo brevi anguste infundibulari 5 lin. lon ngo, segmen
tg ee oblongis cuspidatis basi cuneatis, segmentis i nor.
s 3 oblance olatis longe — iculatis superioribus squilongis.
Sinenind limbo paulo brevio
CAPE COLONY. Migne Div. Hangklip Mountains,
alt. 5800 ft., Galpin, 1769.
551. Gladiolus (Eugladiolus Whytei, Baker [lridee]; ad
G. brevifolium, Jacq., et G. atropurpureum, Baker, accedit.
Cormus globosus, 1 poll. diam., tunicis exterioribus fibris
robustis parallelis percursis. Folia radicalia ad bracteas reducta.
Caulis gracilis, pedalis, foliis 3-4 rudimentariis apicibus liberis
anguste linearibus brevissimis preditus. Spica simplex, laxa,
secunda, 6-12 poll. longa; spathz valva exterior viridis, oblongo-
navicularis, 6-12 lin. longa. Perianthium pollicare ; ; tubus
curvatus, infundibularis, 4lin.longus; eich nta Reese oblonga,
obtusa, atro-purpurea, cucullata, me neata; 3 inferiora paulo
longiora, alba, limbo parvo medio purpureo, iex Ad angusto
elongato. Stamina segmentis Mi putos Dii paulo brevi
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba and pee Malosa,
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte.
552. Gladiolus venulosus, Baker [Irideæ] ; ad G. vr AN
Baker, (G. Kirkil, Pun Ha ndb. Irid. p. 229) magis ae cedi it.
brevibus ‘deors um Sate ts ere liberis anguste linearibus
rigidulis glabris preditus. Spica a secunda, ¢ —6 poll. longa ;
spathe valve exteriores lanceolate, 9-18 lin. longs, dimidio
J inferiori scariosæ, acumine herbac Cow.. Perianthium album,
lilacino tinctum et venis pulchre lilacinis percursum ; tubus.
283
leviter curvatus, 6 lin. longus; segmenta superiora oblon
spathulata, Neh cucullata, 12-15 lin. inca ; inferiora Günbimtiin,
vix minora. Stamina limbo duplo brevi
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Near Fort Hill, Nyasa-Tanganyika
iiaii 35000-4000 ft., Whyte.
553. Mori nyikensis, Baker [Iridee]; ad Œ. Grantii, Paks,
magis accedit.
Cormus globosus, parvus. Caulis gracilis, pocos foliis 6-8
anguste "naribus rigidulis glabris præditus, infimo pedali,
superioribus sensim minoribus. Spica laxa, miniis semipedalis ; :
Spathsz valve papel 12-15 lin. longs, basi ovate, scariose,
acuminibus herbaces, virides. Perianthium album, plus minusve
lilacino tinctum ; tubus curvatus, MES semipollicaris ; ;
segmenta superiora oblongo-spathulata, subacuta, haud cucullata,
15 lin. longa; inferiora consimilia, vix aS ' Stamina limbo
triplo breviora
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte.
554. Gladiolus een) Johnstoni, Baker [Iridese]; ad
G. quartinianum, A. Rich., magis accedit; recedit floribus
minoribus rubris segmentis superioribus minus cucullatis stami-
nibus brevibus
Folia ORTA lanceolata, rigide coriacea, 12-15 lin. lata, venis
marginibusque incrassatis stramineis. Caw/is simplex, foliis
paucis rudimentariis vaginantibus p a simplex, laxa,
secunda, 6-1 longa ; Ts valva erior viridis 9-15 li
nga. Perianthium rubrum ; tubus cu rvatus, infundibularis, 9 lin
longa ; TE inferiora multo minora. Stamina limbo triplo
T
SH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba and Mount Malosa,
a 4000-6000 ft., M hyte
A fine plant, ahi Jodi be well worth introducing into
cultivation.
555. Gen DEMON Baker [Irideæ]; ad G. luridum
elw., magis a
Folia afi linearia, rigida, glabra, sesquipedalia, 3 lin.
lata, venis marginibusque incrassatis stramineis. Caulis pedalis
et ultra, interdum furcatus, foliis paucis productis praeditus,
infimo elongato. ten laxa, sec unda, 6-9 poll. longa; spathæ
valve exteriores firmul:, virides, oblongæ vel lanceolatæ, 9-12
lin. longæ, Perianthium ‘lilacinum, pollicare, tubo brevi curvato ;
segmenta superiora oblonga, obtusa, insigniter cucullata; 3 in-
feriora paulo breviora, limbo pero Atrobrunneo, ungue elongato
angusto. Stamina limbo paulo bre
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nen. sista’ alt. 6500-7000 ft.,
id PM. Described from specimens cultivated in a garden at
284
556. Hypoxis o ote oligophylla, Baker © nw ent papi
Hypoxidex] ; gracillima, uniflora, foliis 2-3 lineari-subulatis
Cormus oblongus, 34 lin. diam., phe nicis interioribus mem-
branaceis supra collum productis. ’ Folia producta 2-3, erecta,
lineari-subulata, 2-3 poll. longa, obscure pilosa, uninervata, costa
incrassata angulata. Pedunculus gracilis, uniflorus, erectus, 11-2
oll. longus, Superne ilosus. Perian thii segmenta oblongo-
Stamina perianthio triplo breviora, antheris linearibus luteis,
cr n brevissimis. Ovarium clavatum, pilosum, 1j 1
lon
MAPIGIabI Mount Antety, Forsyth Major, 669.
Of this very dwarf slender mountain species the nearest ally is
the Angolan H. monanthos, Baker.
557. Hypoxis (Euhypoxis) malosana, Baker [Amaryllidacez-
on ad H. canaliculatam, Baker, angolensem magis
cedit
re
pilosi; bractez lineares, parve. Ovarium turbinatum, den
pilosum, Perianthii segmenta lanceolata, dorso dense pilosa,
Stamina brevissima. Capsula medio cireumscis
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Milósk. near Zomba,
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte.
558. Hypoxis (Euhypoxis) nyasica, rah ade Et Escort KEMA
Hypoxideae] ; ad H. obtusam, Burch., magis a
Folia basalia scariosa, glabra ; cætera n iait Jun linearia,
rm pilosa, pedalia, ə lin. Pedunculi interdum 6-7,
erecti vel patuli, sparse ees folie breviores. Flores pauci, in
racemos laxos aggregati; pedicelli breves, ascendentes, pilosi;
bractez minute, lineares. Ovarium turbinatum, pilosum. Peri-
anthii segmenta oblonga, flava, 3—4 lin. lo onga, dorso dense pilosa.
Stamina limbo duplo breviora, filamentis brevissimis. Capsula
medio circumscissa
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba and Mount Malosa,
alt. 4000-6000 ft., Whyte
Pent Crinum (Codonocrinum) parvum, Baker [Amaryllidew-
maryllex] ; ex affinitate C. pauciflori, Baker
nd ovoideus, parvus, in collum haud productus. Folia
5-7, synanthia, linearia, glabra, flaccida, 6-9 poll. longa, medio
6-7 lin. lata. Pedunculus gracilis, uniflorus, foliis equilongus ;
spathe valve eeu Perianthium sessile, tubo cylindrico
erecto viridulo 3 poll. longo, segmentis fancoolatia dorso rubro-
vittatis 3 poll. pee 6 lin. latis. Stamina limbo paulo breviora,
antheris 3—4 lin. longis.
EasT TROPICAL AFRICA. Banks of the Zambesi River.
Flowered in the garden of W. E. unit ets. Esq., of Queenstown
Ireland, in May 1896.
285
560. Anthericum (Trachyandra) pueri rA dd [Liliacem-
Asphodeles$]; ad A. Gerrardi, Baker, magis a
Folia radicalia multa, anguste linearia, Kis 6-8 poll. longa,
pilis mollibus patentibus parce vestita. Pedunculus gracilis,
subteres, brevis, simplex vel ER dense vel sparse Aree
Racemi laxissimi, 6-9 poll. longi, pedicellis brevibus solitariis
Koi Stamina perianthio paulo breviora, antheris
oblong * filaments paulo brevioribus. Capsula globosa, muricata,
2 pa
TISH ,. GENERAL AFRICA. Mount Malosa, near Zomba,
= 4000-6000 ft., Whyte.
561. AS e (Dilanthes) Whytei, Baker [Liliaces-Aspho-
delee]; ab A. trifloro, Ait., (A. Cameroni, Baker) presertim
recedit foliis pubescentibus.
Folia linearia, decretis ee et ultra, 6-9 lin. lata, venis
crebris elevatis, utri den persistenter pubescentibus.
Pedunculus anceps, ers ihis, simplex, pedalis. Racemus simplex,
brevis, superne densus, pedicellis brevibus medio articulatis,
. longum
carina pallide brunnea. Stamina perianthio paulo breviora.
antheris linearibus magnis, filamentis brevissimis. Ovarium
globosum ; stylus antheras superans
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 2500-3500 ft.,
Whyte.
562. Chlorophytum floribundum, — Ae cen EPAR
ad C. gallabatensem, Schweinf., magis a
Folia pee sessilia, lanceolata, ie glabra, pedalia
et ultra, o 1-2 poll. lata, venis laxis perspicuis. Racemi 5
cy lindrici, cen ascendentes, paniculam lam formantes ;
pedicelli 3—4-ni, breves, pubescentes, medio articulati; bractez
lanceolate, inferiores magne. Perianthium album, oblongum,
in. longum, segmentis lanceolatis obscure carinatis. Stamina
arianthio paulo breviora, antheris is oblongis. Ovarium
globosum, acute angulatum ; stylus elongatus, curvatus.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Mount Zomba, alt. 2500-3500 ft.,
Whyte.
563. Albuca (Falconera) ios Baker [Liliacez-Scillee]; ad
A. polyphyllam, Baker, magis accedit
Bulbus globosus, 2 poll. diam., fibris coronatus, Folia 30—40,
erecta, subteretia, viridia, pedalia, glabra, facie profunde can-
aliculata, dorso rotundata. Pedunculus manane semipedalis.
Flores T5; gorgaibori 5 pedicelli erecti, 3-6 poll. longi ; bractez
parve, lanceolate. Perianthium oblon m, ctus albis lete
Viridi-vittatis, exterioribus lineari-oblongis l poll. longis, igit
oribus brevioribus apice incurvatis. Stamina 6, segmen
286
interioribus paulo breviora, antheris omnibus fertilibus, filamentis
applanatis. Stylus‘ triqueter, trisulcatus, validus, ovario oblongo
ior.
TRANSVAAL. Adlam. Flowered at Kew, June, 1897.
564. Albuca (Falconera) nyikensis, Baker [Liliaceæ - Scillex] ;
ad A caudatam, Jacq., et A. fastigiatam, Dryand., magis accedit.
Bulbus globosus, magnus. Folia linearia, glabra, deorsum
9 lin. lata, ad apicem sensim attenuata. Palincubiss " elongatus,
validus, teres. Racemus laxus, cylindricus, inc pedalis,
pedicellis e ibus, infimis 11-2 poll. longis; bracteæ
lanceolate, acuminate, pedicellis breviores. Per janthium oblon-
m, poll. niii: segmenta lineari-oblonga, alba, dorso
carinata, carina lete viridi multinervata. Stamina perianthio
ulo breviora, antheris € fertilibus, Dioni tis linearibus.
Ovarium oblongum; stylus validus, ovario paulo longior.
Capsula ovoidea, 9 lin. oe, Semina multa, turgida, opaca,
brunnea.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. Nyika plateau, alt. 6000-7000 ft.,
Whyte, 246.
565. MENU E tei africana, N. E. Brown [ Aroides]; R. Kunst-
leri, Hook.” fil., oa differt venis magis ascendentibus
et spatha mene ri
Caulis alte Suppe. 80-100 wn der. parte florifera 6 lin.
crassus. Foliorum petioli 6-10 lin longi; lamins 8-21 poll.
longe, 24-4} poll pers dente IN speci bep acuminate,
ale:
sessilis, 34-4 poll. longus. Ovarium imperfecte 2-loculare, ovulis
pluri
Coan GUINEA. Fernando Po, Mann, 103. Sierra Leone, near
Sakuru, Scott Elliot, 4940, and near Kurusu, Scott Elliot, 5524.
Ashantee, Assin-yan-Coomassie, Cummins, 47
566. Rhaphidophora pusilla, N. E. Brown [Aroidem]; species
caule tenüissimo et spathis parvis facile distinguitur
Caulis tenuissimus, 3-1 lin. crassus, radicans, gla bors Foliorum
petioli 4—42 poll. longi ; laminæ 5-61 poll. longe, 11-14 poll. late,
suboblique. FEDERE acuminate, "basi cuneato-acute, utrinque
glabre, venis num s parallelis. Pedunculi 1}-2 poll longi,
— quam petioli lee breviores. Spatha 1-9 lin. longa,
a 3 lin. diam., dum convoluta cylindrica subulato-rostrata.
Spadiz 4-5) lin. longus, sessilis. Ovarium imperfecte 2-loculare
pluriovulatum.
FRENCH CONGO TERRITORY. Gaboon: Sierra del Crystal
Mann, 1700.
567. Pennisetum rcr s pee SURE Stapf [Gramineæ-
Paniceæ] ; P. uniseto, Benth., millima, sed gluma ii. magis
evoluta 3-5-nervi, et glumis iii. e Á similibus distincta.
287
Culmi erecti, graciles, ramosi, superne plus gr wh Aer
glabri, leves, multinodi. Foliorum vagine subarctae, gla bre
vel ad nodos an ilose; ligule ad pilorum M odaad
laminæ lineares vel lanc eolato- lineares, longe attenuate, basi
anguste vel eibi iolatz, ad 1 ped. longe, 5 lin. late, pem.
subglauce, scaberule vel XE. ds nibus exceptis leves. Racem
longe tenuiterque pedunculati, solitarii vel geminati, e vagin
superioribus orti, 1—2 poll. longi., rhachi scabrida. Sodditàe saim-
lin. 1
bricatae, lanceolato-oblongae, acutae, -14 ngae, seta basali
circiter vae longa; gluma i. rotundata, hyalina, enervis, }+ lin
nga, t 1 oblongo-lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata,
lon. ovata vel o o
Pe iU minute scaberula spiculam equans vel dimidio
brevior; cætera ut in P. uniseto.
eae P egens AFRICA. Shire Highlands, Soche Hill,
3000 ft.,
568. Andropogon (Sorghum) trichopus, Stapf [Graminew-Andro-
pogonee] A. bipennato, Hack., affinis, sed paniculae ramulis sub
EL. ciliatis et arista brevi 4 lin. Tn distincta.
Culmi 4-5 ped. alti, graciles. Foliorum vaginae superiores
longissime, glabre, leves; ligule pubescentes ; ; laminæ subse-
volutæ, glabræ, le teed gcn 4—6 poll. longee. Panicula
besten, Tineart-obiohg». 6-10 p onga; rami primarii ad 4 poll.
longi, 6-articulati, a tst, sa ei flexuosi, patuli vel demum
erecti, filiformes vel capillares ; ramuli ultime ordinis sub
spiculis ciliati ; articuli eleganter ciliati. Spicule solitarisz,
lanceolate vel lanceolato-oblonge, 2-21 lin. longs, pallide;
gluma i. truncata, sub apice hyalino albo-pilosa, tenuiter 5-9. -nervis ;
ii. glabra, apice hyalino-triangularis, minute ciliata ; quam
longa ; palea nulla. Antherw 1} lin. longe. Pedicelli steriles
eleganter ciliati, quam spicule sessiles 1 breviores.
UPPER GUINEA. Niger Region, Nupe, in open plains, Barter,
1375.
569. Anthoxanthum madagascariense, Stapf [Graminez-Phala-
rideo] proxima A. Zcklonii (Hierochloe Ecklonii, Nees), sed
spiculis dins mus piu minoribus distine ta.
Culmi erecti vel sapere: M 1 ped. alti. Folia 3-4 basalia
et 1 vel 2 a basi remota ; æ glabra, leves vel minutiss sime
scaberule, striate ; Heule emet 4-1 lin. longe; lamine
lineares, subcallose acute, riom 1-3 poll. longæ 14-2 lin.
late, out n — reverse pilose, cxterum
plerumque laberrime, a sspe sparse minuteque scaberule,
Drtalteriter striate. Panoias spiciformis, ad 2 poll. longa,
ramulis Lenses pilosis. Spicule purpurascentes, 25-21 lin,
longe ; gluma i. 1-nervis quam ii. 3-nervis paulo brevior ; iii. et iv.
equales, pilosule, 24 lin. longee, vacuæ, illa supra modia breviter,
h medium longius psg v. obtusissima vel sub-
rginata, 9-nervis, vix 1 lin. longa ; palea s ub wen hermaphro-
dito glumae v. squilonga vel prodi. longior, tenuiter l-nervis.
Stamina 2; antherz 1 lin. lo
MADAGASCAR. Without oaia Baron, 2050, 4098.
288
This species belongs to R. Brown's genus Ataxia which has
been reduced to Hierochloe, but wrongly, as it has much more in
common with Anthoxanthum. It is very near the South African
A. Ecklonii, Stapf (Hierochloe Ecklonii, Nees), which has, how-
ever, larger and pale green spikelets and sometimes a male flower
ith glume iii.
570. Ehr = delicatula, Stapf [Gramines - Phalarid eel ;
nis E. ?recte, Lam., sed differt duratione annua, spiculis
minoribus, nia 3.
Annua, ad 14 ped. alta. end reip graciles, glabri vel
minute Ete circiter 3-nodi. Foliorum vaginæ arcte,
glabre vel pilose ; ligulae preva truncate ; lamine lineares,
1-34 poll longs, 1-2 lin. late, flaccida, minute pilosule vel
glabrescentes. Panicula angusta, subsecunda, 1-34 poll. longa,
rhachi glabra filiformi, ramis — patulis simplicibus vel
lin. 1
ce ramulosis. Spicule iepen utantes, 1-1} li n. longe ; gluma
i. lanceolata, acuminata, t lin. longa, 3-nervis, pilosula vel glabra ;
ii. similis, 1 lin. longa ; i i. and iv. anguste oblongæ vel obovato-
, Subacuminatæ val acute, 5-nerves, transverse rugoss,
ebarbate ; iii. paululo brevior; iv. basi utrinque appendice
semiorbiculari ornata; v. elliptico-oblonga, minute truncata vel
subacuta, 5-nervis, iv. aequans. Lodicule glabre. Stamina 3;
therz 1 lin. longe.—E. panicea var. cuspidata, Nees in Fl. Afr
Austr., p. 225 (var. mucronata, p. 226) ex parte.
CAPE COLONY. Little Namaqualand, near Mieren Kasteel,
among shrubs, Drege, 508. Tulbagh Division, Roodezand, Drége.
Nees quo E. panicea var. mucronata also from the
ered localities ¢ Elleboog Fontein (Little Pamagal),
Ebenezar (Clanwilliam Div.) and Slangenhuivel (Tulbagh Div.) ;
but from the description (l.c. p. 225 & p. 226), it appears that at
least some of the specimens referred to do not belong here.
571. Ehrharta Rehmannii, Wes Lines Phalarides] ;
proxima E. calycine, Sm., sed m mosa, culmis 6-8-nodis,
foliis rigidioribus, bee aldea iii. et iv. glabris glumas
i. et ii. paulo superantibus distincta.
Perennis, 1-2 ped. alta. Culmi a basi interdum prostrata,
m ramosa, ae Premier erecti, graciles, leves, 6- 8-nodi,
internodio longissimo ad 3 poll. longo. Foliorum vagine glabree
vel reverse villosule ; ligule brevissime, ciliate ; lamin:e lineares,
breviter acute, 1-4 poll. longe, 11-3 lin. late, rigid, glauce,
la
angusta, ul poll. longa, subsecunda, swpissime ad emum
redacta, ramis suberectis vel patulis rarius umo sube spillaribus
puberulis. * Spicul pallidæ, oblongæ, 24-3 lin. longs ; glume i.
et ii. subæquales, anguste oblong:e, obtusæ, distinctius nervose ;
iii. et iv. glumas preecedentes paulo superantes, glabre, illa angusto
lineari-oblonga acuta, haec oblonga obtusa mucronata vel mi
cuspidata sepius transverse rugosa basi utrinque he
semilunari majusculo ornata ebarbata; v., ut in L, calycina,
glaberrima,
289
CAPE COLONY. Without locality, Harvey, 318, 329, 335. Cape
Div., Table Mountain, Ecklon, 419 (partly). Ri versdale Div.,
Zoetmelks Riv. Burchell, 6712. George Div., Postberg near George,
Burchell, 5914 ; Outeniqua Mts., Montagu Pass, Rehmann, 14.
Rehmann’s specimens have been distributed as Æ. ramosa, var.
Rehmanni, Hack. ms
912. Agrostis fissa, Stapf [Graminez- -Agrostideze]; proxima
A. schimperiane, Hochst., sed spiculis paulo majoribus et gluma
iii. ad 1-1 fissa e fissura aristata et arista longiore distincta.
Culmi geniculati, 2-3 ped. alti, 8-9-nodi, fere daja longitudine
vaginati, nodis inclusis. Foliorum vagina; laxiusculæ, leve ve el
a
longe; rhachilla brevissime producta, glabra; glume i. et ii.
æquales vel subæquales, lanceolatæ, be di Brio veri scaberule ;
iii. oblonga, $ lin. lon ga, trunca ad 1-i fissa, lobo utroque
2-dentato, glabro, 5-nervi, nervis lateralibus brevissime excur-
rentibus, ces glabro, arista gracillima recta vel subrecta e fissura
o palea 1 lin. paulo longior, 2-dentata. Antheræ vix j lin.
longæ. esta vestita, Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. trop. Afr. p. 128 (quoad
specimen citatum
YSSINIA. ‘Gageh Merki, 8700 £ft, Schimper (1863-8
collection), 1093. ..
The fissure of glume iii. may already be observed in a very
Leid state, and the awn springs right from the base of it. When
e the awn is rather decidous.
913. Agro: AUS uid Le ee A gros dessus e grege
A. munroane, Aitch (Calamagrostis munroane,
Boiss.), foliis tenuiter Panic. rigidulis glaucis, arista
po spiculis minutis validiuscula, rhachi brevissime continuata
istincta.
Culmi graciles, e senpia glaberrimis densis erecti, 1-1} pe
alti, ad vel ultra me vaginati, 1-2-nodi, nodis ae:
Foliorum vaginae lated: ligulas à 1 paza onei hyalinæ,
ramis remote fasciculatis admodum inæqualibus (longioribus ad
2 poll. "amd E ibus sparse ramulosis levibus, pedicellis
scaberulis. ? virides vel purpurascentes, circiter 1 lin.
longs, rha ecu ie ssu brevissimo pilosulo; gluma i. et ii.
lanceolate, acuminate, interdum mucronulatz, l-ne erves, carinis
scaberulis, ii. quam i. paululo brevior; iii. quam ii. vix brevior,
ee, truncata, pilosa, basi 5- superne 4-nervis, nervis exteriori-
bus in setulas asperas breves interioribus in dentes. „productis,
callo LM barbato, arista subbasilari 2 Hu longa ad medium
290
geniculata infra torta; palea eem "n subzequans, lanceolata,
2-dentata. Antherce obtuse, | in. lon Dip 108,2 a quingueseta,
K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost- Ar. e
GERMAN EAST AFRICA. kilistiandjiro,: Kifnika Volcano,
Volckens, 1856.
4. Agrostis griquensis, Stapf [Graminew—A grostidez ] ; affinis
A. poen late, Vill, sed gracilior, spiculis pau ulo minoribus,
gluma iii. aristulata, antheris minimis, caryopsi lineari-oblonga
gulcata.
Annua. Culmi geniculati, graciles, pauta ut tota planta
glabri, ad 1 ped. alti. Foliorum vagin: leves; ligule oblonge,
acute, ad 1 lin. longe ; laminæ angustissime lineares, acute, l-2 poll.
long, 4—4 lin. late, leves vel supra leviter scaberule. Panicula
spiciformis, sepe UN densa, perangu sta, 1-14 poll. longa ;
rami breves, a basi mulosi, rhachi appressi, asperuli. Spiculæ
brevissime Taai un, $ lin. longz, pallide virides; rhachilla
haud continuata; gluma i. et ii. subequales, oblong, obtuse vel
subemarginate, interdum mucronulate, age marginibus
ciliolatis ; iii. quam i. paulo brevior, truncata, apice ciliolata vel
i tenuissima, obscure 5-nervis, asm “i sae arista
rminali, ‘callo glabro; palea 4 brevior, Anthere
Y lin. longe, obtuse. Caryopsis lineari-o oblonga, conspicue
sulcata, } lin. long, i in gluma iii. paleaque arcte inclusa
Bes UTH AFRICA. Griqualand West, near Griquatown, Burchell,
1863.
5. Agrostis continuata, Stapf re): affinis
A. yon on et A. natalensi, Stapf, sed glumis i. et ii. tenuiter
acuminatis, iii. ie rhachilla continuata distinc
Culmi erecti, 1-2 ped. alti, Bt tota planta antt paucinodi.
Foliorum vagin: arcte, glabre; ligule 1 lin.longs, obtuse ;
laminz lineares, acute attenuate, ad 6 poll. longee, 1-1} lin. late,
plus minusve flaccidæ, scaberule vel subtus leves. " Panicula
subspiciformis, interrupta ad 6 poll. longa, rami fasciculati,
fasciculis densis erectis oblongis, admodum in:quales, longiores
ad 21 poll. longi ad 6-9 lin. lati simplices, czeteri a basi ramulosi,
parce as — ; pedicelli plerumque spieulis breviores. Spicule
virescentes 2 lin. longe; rhachilla brevissime producta, arista
gracillima 1-2 lin. longa vel rarius gluma imperfecta terminata ;
glume i. et ii. equales vel subsequales, lineari-lanceolate, tenuiter
acuminate, scaberulæ ; iii. oblonga, 1 lin. sublongior, me is,
inferne 5- superne 4-nervis, 4-dentata vel 4-mucronata (mucroni-
bus exterioribus plerumque longioribus) secundum idem
pilosula, callo minute pilosulo, arista supra basin orta scabra medio
subgeniculata ; Leu quadrato-oblonga, 2-dentata, hyalina, 4—} lin.
longa. Antheræ ł lin. longe.
BRITISH posean AFRICA. Nyasaland, Buchanan (1891
collection), 356.
6. Agrostis rms Stapf ot eared A.
POM Hack., affinis, sed foliis multo angustioribus, spiculis
paulo longioribus, eh iii. breviore et latiore, palea tru truncata
incta.
291
Perennis, 2-3 ped. alta. Culmi erecti, ut tota planta glabri,
5-6-nodi. Foliorum vagine subarctz, leves ; ligule 3-1 lin. longe ;
iter attenua 1
flac
Panicula erecta, spiciformis, lobata, 4-7 poll. longa; ramuli
fasciculati, fasciculis densissimis oblongis, admodum in:quales,
ad 13 poll. longi, a basi ramulosi vel longiores ad 3-4 lin. simplices,
scaberuli; pedicelli brevissimi. PEOR pallide virides, circiter
2% lin. longe ; rhachilla non producta ; glume i. et ii. subsequales,
lineari- oblong, mucronate, scaberule, carina ‘validiuscula ; iii.
oblonga, truncata, 4- dentata vel 4-mucr onata,l lin. longa, basi
)-nervis, superne 4-nervis, callo parce pilosulo, arista recta supra
basin orta scabra ; palea quadrato-oblonga, truncata, hyalina, 1-3 lin.
longa. Antheree apiculate, 4 lin. longe. Caryopsis oblonga, a
dorso compressa, sulcata i lin. longa. ;
NATAL. Umpumulo, 2000 ft., Rev. J. Buchanan, 159.
This and the preceding species, as well as A. Elliotii, cM iue
Erg to A. antarctica, Hook. fil., us toa few South Am
ecies which were described by Nee under Br oe but they
differ from them in the subbasal encre of the
911. Avena d Stapf pom æ]; affinis
A. Neesii, Hook. fiL, glumis i. et ii. fere duplo latioribus 4.-7-
raed | iii. eine dini
Culmi ut tota planta gan Foliorum culmorum vaginæ
subarote, leves, prominenter nervose ; ligule truncate, 4 lin.
long: ; laminæ lin neares, tenuiter attenuate, 3-5 poll. longs,
Li lin. late, plane, superne et secundum margines minute
scaberule. Panicula angusta, erecta, 4 ped. alta ; rami subremote
case aT. longiores ad poll. longi a basi parce
ramulosi vel ad oll. simplices, filiformes, scabri. Spicule
53-64 lin. longer, 2.3. ced rhachilla tenuis. iio ulo o primo minuto
glabro, caeteris ad 2 lin. longis longe pilosis ; gluma i. lanceolata,
subacuminata, 3j lin. longa, admodum tenuis, 4—5-nervis ;
ii. similis, 5 lin. longa, 5- vel sub 7-nervis ; ; glume florentes breviter
exser anceolatze, giabree, tenuiter granulos sm, prominenter
9- vol sub 11-nerves, apice bifida, lobis rire subaristulatis,
iii. 54-64 lin - longa, one oth barbato, arista e medio inserta
columna 3 lin. seta 6 lin ; pales æ lineari-anceolate 3} lin. |
longæ, carinis ciliatis. Tolis oblongæ ongæ.
Caryopsis lineari-oblonga, superne puberula, 2 lin. lon
PORTUGUESE WEST AFRICA. Mossamedes, E di Chella,
Newton, 6
578. Avena er oe Stapf [Graminew-Avenes]; affinis
A. Neesii, Hook. fil., spic culis minoribus, glumis vacuis tenuibus
subhy alinis, gimis fertilibus conspicue scaberulis tenuiter 7-
nervibus distin
Perennis. Cul Imi erecti, 21— m Pet. alti, glabri, leves, circiter
3-nodi. Folia 4-6 prope basin congesta, 3-4 remotiora ; vagin
firmiuscule, arcte, glabra, nore ligule siamese ad 1% lin.
longæ ; laminze eee. acute attenuate, 3-1 ped. longe, 13-2 lin.
14538 ; D
292
erecta, 5-7 poll. longa; rami geminati vel 3-4-nati, longiores ad 3
poll. longi, nutantes, simplices ad 1-1} poll., filiformes, scabridi
Spicule erecte, 4-5 lin. longs, E flore ; rhachille articuli
ad 1j lin. longi, pilosi ; glume vacuæ as subhyaline, lanceo-
late; i.3-nervis,3—33 lin.longa; ii.3-5-nervis, 4—4; lin. longa; glumæ
florentes breviter exsertz», lanceolate (iii. pem in. "un. glabre,
seaberule, tenuiter 7-nerves, sub € Scarioge purpurascentes,
bifidz, ik aristulatis, callo parvo barbato, arista medio
orta 7-8 lin. longa; palez lineares, 3 lin. longs, carinis superne
longiuscule | ciliatis. Anthere 1$ lin. longs. Ovarium supra
p. 298, non Hook. HR. Neesii, Hochst. ex Steud Si
Gram. p. 227. Danthonia elongata, Hochst. in Flora, 1841, I.
Intell. Bl. p. 20; A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. II.
ABYSSINIA. a n Si ee ai IIT. 1993 ; ; Tigre,
Mt. Sholoda, Schimper, I. ks res DN , (900 ft., Schimper
(1862 collection), 1002; Roth. Eritrea: Mt.
Bizen, 6000 ft. MM (1892 eun. 2018.
579. Avena exem een hae -Avenem]; affinis A. lach-
nanthe, Hoo culis laxioribus gracilioribus,
spi iculis nnd: ae disparsia, glumis fertilibus tenuius
nervosis distincta.
Culmi e basi debili gracili -— eques 3—4 ped. longi,
glabri, leves, multinodi. Folior vagine laxe, glabre ve
infime primo puberule, leves ; ligule truncate, ad 2 Ts long: ;
laminz lineares, tenuiter attenuate, 5-7 poll. longs, 2 lin. latæ,
flaccidæ, glabræ, rarissime pubescentes, supra et s marginibus
minute scaberule. Panicula angusta, laxa, 4-9 poll. longa, erecta
vel subnutans; rami remote semiverticillati, ge cities. ineequales,
parce ramulosi ‘vel ey tenuiter filiformes, flexuosi, scaberuli,
deve ed 2 lin. longi. Spicule disperse, 3 A is. long:, laxe
-flore ; rhachille A P superiores ad 1j lin. long», longe
pi ilosze ; Ante vacus pertenues, i. oe acu uta, l-nervis,
14-2 lin. longa ; ii. obverse lanceolata, acuta vel breviter acuminata,
24-3 lin. longa, 3-nervis ; glume florentes longe exsertz, oblongo-
lanceolate, um lin. long, saben; pallide virides, rarius sub apice
purpurascentes, leves, tenuiter nervose, apice —— bidentate,
dentibus acutis vel subaristulatis, callo min barbato,
arista supra medium orta tenui columna ee puc 1i lin.
seta 5-7 lin. longa; pales: oblongo-lineares, 25 lin. longæ, carinis
scaberulis. Antherce i lin. longe. Ovarium apice hispidum,
deinde ad medium puberulum m.—A. lachnantha, Schweinf. Beitr.
Ft. rages p. 298, non Hook, fil. Trisetum lachnanthum, Hochst.
ex A. Rich. Tent. "Fl. Abyss. II. p. 416.
ABYSSINIA. Simen, Mt. Aber near * Dschenausa,’ Setimper, II.
859; Shoa, Roth.
580. Avena longa, Stapf [Graminesz-Avene»]; affinis A. dre-
geane, Stapf (Triseto dregeano, Sfeud.), sed panicula = longiore
flaccida laxe contracta et foliis longis flaccidis distincta.
- Ceespitosa, perennis. Culmi erecti, 2-3 ped. Tee]
| circiter 3-nodi, ad fere basin paniculae vaginati. Folia. 3.6 pro
' 293
basin congesta, 3 remotiora ; — laxiuscule, glabrw, leves ;
ligule truncate, ad 1j lin. long» ; mine lineares, nee —
eds attenuate, 6-10 poll. longæ, 15 3 lin. lata (summa 1-2 pol
onga), plan: vel plus — involuta, flaccid, ie ferar
mad reso contracta, 9-10 poll. longa, nutans vel flexuosa ;
rami semiverticillati, pee oy ge 24 poll. longi, filiformes,
flexuosi, fere a basi ramulosi vel simplices. Spiculæ anguste, 6-9
lin. longze, 4—5-florz ; rhachilla gracillima, articulis ad 1$ lin. longis,
longe pilosis; glumz vacus acuminato- VERDE. i. 341-4 lin, `
ii -5 lin. longa; glum: florentes longe exserte, lanceolatée
(iii. 5 lin. longa), glabrz, firmiuscule, leves, pallide virides vel sub
apice scarioso scaberulo bifido purpurascentes, lobis eta
callo subulato piloso, arista supra medium orta tenui 10-
longa ; palex 34 lin. longe, carinis ciliolatis.- Antheree 1-1) d
longe. Ovarium praeter basin glabrum puberulum et in apice
hispidulum.— 7'isetum antarcticum, Nees in Linnea xx. p. 204,
nec qe pedis P 01.
CAPE COLO Cape of Good Hope, R. arein ; Cape Flats,
doe sheets Ecklon cei g Zeyher 1807, 1807
581. Avena turgidula, Stapf [Gramineæ-Aveneæ] ; valde affinis
A. antarctice, Thunb., sed spiculis ob glumas latiores magis
approximatas plus rewire imbricatas turgidulis
Perennis. Culmi erecti, 1- -25 ped. alti, glabri, Fa 3-nodi. Folia
glabre vel minutissime puberulæ ; ligule truncate, a "
long: ; laminz lineares, acute attenuate, ad 6 poll. longa, h lin.
latae, plan; vel involutze, flaccid vel rigidule, subglaucæ,
plerumque glabrz, superne scaberulæ. Panicula contracta, erecta
vel subnutans, 4-1 ped. alta; rami semiverticillati, admodum
inæquales, longiores ad 1 poll. longi, parce ramulosi vel simplices,
filiformes, scabri. Spiculæ 4-5) lin. longs, virides, turgidule,
3-4-flore ; rhachilla Ericilii articulis parce vel crebrius pilosis ad
l lin. longis; glume vacue lanceolate, acuminate, i. 21-3 lin.,
ii. 4-4, lin. longa; glumæ florentes exsertz, eei geret
(iii. 3l lin. longa), glabrz, pallide virides, obscure granulate,
apice scariose, bidentate, dentibus aristulatis, catio brevissimo
oon arista e medio orta tenui 7-9 lin. longa; pales lineares,
3 lin. longae, carinis ciliatis. Antheræ 4-1 lin. Ovarium supra
ista: pubescens, apice hispidulum. Caryopsis 14 lin. longa.
—Trisetum imber e aie Afr. Austr. p. 347 ; T. antarcticum,
Nees, l.c. p. iss (partim).
H AFRICA. Cape Colony : without locality Zeyher, 463.
Queenstown Div., : Shilo, 3500 ft., Drege; Baur 776. Alival North
uuwenspruit, 4500-5000 ft, Drège. Transkei Div.:
kan. below 1000 ft, Drege. Tembuland: Bazeia, 2000 ft.,
Baur, 5o4. Natal: "Umzinga, foot of Bigarsberg, Rev. J.
Buchanan, 100; Greytown, Rev. J. E 172; Reit Ta
5000 ft., Rev. J. Buchanan, 156. Tra svaal : Preto:
Wonderboomport, Rehmann 4493.
582. Avena caffra, Stapf [Gramineæ - Aveneæ]; affinis A.
antarctice, Thunb., sed panicula flexuosa, rhachilla — pilosa,
glumis florentibus tenuibus levibus distincta,
294
Perennis. Culmi 2 ped. alti, erecti, glabri, 3-4-nodi, ad fere
sin panicule vaginati. Folia a 6 prope basin congesta
i ine g
seabris. Panicula c ontracta, circiter 6 poll. longa, subnutans,
flaccidula; rami iini vosiisilat ti, admodum inzequales, parce ramu-
losi vel simplices, tenuiter filiformes, longiores ad 2 poll. longi,
flexuosi, scabéruli vel hispiduli. Spicu le 4-4} lin. longe, laxe
4-florz ; rhachilla eei articulis ad 1 lin. longis longe
pilosis ; ipe vacue pertenues, lanceolate, acumin nate, i. 2-24,
ii. 25-34 lin. longe; glume flotonbés exser rte, lineari-lanceolate
(iii. 3-4 lin. longa), glabre, pallid, tenues, leves, tenuissime
nervose, apice scariose, subbifide, 2-aristulate, vo
barbato, arista supra — orta tenui 7 lin. lo onga ; palez
lineares, 3 lin. longæ, carinis sees ciliolatis. Anthei ‘ead 1j
lin. longe. Ovarium m hispidulum.— Trisetum long gifolium;
Nees, Fl. Afr. Aust. p. 348 (partim
CAPE COLONY. Alival North Div.: Wittebergen, on rocks,
7500 ft., Drége.
583. ose in ir dag — apf | [Graminesx - Avene
e TT. barbate, Nees, distincta foliis culmorum quam
vaginis multo "angustioribus, spieulis pe E i.et ii.
Voc entia gluma iii. 3-nervi, iv. minute barbulat
Culmi graciles, 3-4 ped. a u Taat Folia culmorum tantum
nota, vaginis arctis glabris levibus quam internodiis multo
brevioribus, laminis angustis 1-1 lin. longis qua. vaginis multo
angustioribus. Spicularum umbelle numerose in paniculas
erectas subcontractas disposite, ramis filiformibus e
rd
ii. o jede acuta, 3-4 lin. Td 3- nodum Dna
pubescens, paleam obtusam li lin. longam gerens; iv. lineari-
ner ay a callo ad arist» insertionem 1j lin. longa, bifida lobis in
setas 3-4 lin. longas productis, albida, ad loborum basin barbula
barbato pungente, arist: columna atra 4-5 lin. seta pallida 8-10
lin. longa ; palea Sari oblonga obtusa 1} lin. lon Stamina in
utroque flore 3, antheris 3-1 lin. longis. Ovarium glabrum.
Caryopsis obovbideo-oblonga, 1 lin. longa, sulcata, embryone
magno.
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA. Senegambia, Heudelot, 141 ; Sierra
p" Boon b by the Scarcies River, on dry rocks, Scott Elliot,
584. cit glabra, Stapf dic eee eto i en repens
adhuc descriptas 7. mericane, Kunth, simillim
aed in setas stom productis atque ovario summo oa Sha villosis
cta. p
295
Culmi 14-3 ped. alti, l-nodi. Folia pleraque ad culmorum
basin congesta, vaginis firmis i mis india villosis ceteris sparse
n rac
erectos dcum E Goll longa, eom» rae eii 2-3-natis ad
3 poll longis; gluma i. lanceolata, acuta, 7-10 lin. longa,
glaberrima ; ; ii. longe subulato-acuminat a, 12-15 lin., glaberrima ;
iii. glume ii. similis, sed 10-12 lin ga, 5-T-nervis, paleam biden-
tatam 9-10 lin. longam gerens; iv. Xr lanceolata, involuta, a
callo ad aristz insertionem 34 lin. longa, albida, pubescen s, -nervis,
bifida, lobis in setas ad 10 lin. longas pro o tis, callo pungente
villoso 12 lin. lon ngo, Bara scabrida 24-3 poll. longa ; palea apice
truncata et cochlear iformis. Stamina i in utroque flore 2, antheris
24-3 lin. longis. NIU apice villosum ; styli villosi.
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AFRICA. Shire Highlands: Blantyre
L. Scott. Transvaal: Makapans Range, Strydpoort, TAA, 52383;
Johannesburg, Barber; Potchefstroom, Nelson, 31.
585. Tristachya biseriata, degen Loan eer A v emen]: T.glabre
Stapf, (vi vidé supra) affinis, foliis angustissimis peace et
gluma i. biseriatim EREE ya setosa ii. ee onga distincta.
ulmi graciles, 1-14 ped. alti, l-nodi. Folia shai ad
culmorum recs congesta, Mene — firmis € ipsins
dense tomentosis, laminis angustissime linearibus sæ con
volutis epe xui ad 9 poll. lo gens glaneis glabris. Spicularum
capitula 6—7,in racemos tos contractos disposi
pedunculis infimis geminatis vel solitariis £a 1} oll. longis ;
l um on lo
secundum nervos laterales serie glandu m nigrarum seti-
gerarum ornata ; ii. ei equilonga, pubescens, agiaiid aloes « iii. præ-
cedenti similis, 8-81 lin. (ones. paleam obtusam 7 lin. longam
gerens; iv. lanceolato-linearis, a callo ad aristae in Ruane 21 lin.
longa, albida, pubescens, 7-nervis, bifida, lobis in aristas 451 in.
longas productis callo pungente villoso 4 lin. longo, arista scabrida
11-13 p geo palea obtusa apice interdum E
Cei in utroque flore 3; anthere haud vise. Ovari
summum et styli villosi.
SOUTH AFRICA. Basutoland : Leribe, Rev. J. Buchanan, 220.
586. Trichopteryx gigantea, Stapf Tjeme pg ab
omnibus speciebus huius generis differt ra fum dine omnium
partium, et a plerisque SORR staminibus 3, h Qad 2.
Culmi robusti, 5-12 ped. alti, erecti, tactu asperi vel leves.
pa pleraque basalia vel subbasalia, vaginis firmis preter
296
longa, 5-nervis, interdum nervo uno alterove brevi addito, —
obtusam 4—5 lin. longam gerens ; iv. lineari-oblonga, teres, 6
longa, a callo ad aristæ sechs albida demum n nigricans,
nitida, pubescens, breviter acuteque biloba, callo longo pungente
villoso-bavbato, arist€ columna ad 33 poll. lon nga, seta brevi ;
palea linearis, subbifida, 63 lin. longa, carinis crassis approximatis.
Stamina 3 in utroque flore ; ; anthere 4 lin. longe. Ovarium
glabrum. ers -yopsis linearis, 44 lin. longa, teres, sulcata ; embryo
th lin. long
TROPICAL pR Sudan : Bongo land, Doluthe by fad Howe
Stinenie gary 2260. Upper Zambesi region: southw of
Victoria Falls, Baines; Deykah River, saath of Victoria Falls,
Holub.
I have little doubt that this is De Notaris’ deua superba from .
Upper Nubia, which I know only from the description in Ann. Sc.
Nat. Ser. IIL, XIX. p. 369, a description wich is a mixture
of accurate observation and sin gular misconception. De Notaris
describes the spikelets as 3-flowered, viz. with a * neuter " flower
at the base of the pale of the male flower and appressed to it, and
consisting of a very short fleshy earshaped * ‘ pale KU He mistook
sepesi a mee for an additional ** neuter "' flower. ve the
sam.
also due to erroneous observation, the fan of the keels and the
side parts often overlapping in such a way as to produce the
impression of several lateral nerves. Otherwise, De Notaris’ des-
cription answers almost exactly that given here of T. gigantea.
587. S eus camerunensis, Stapf, [Graminew-Avenewm e];
T. eleganti, A. Rich., affinis, sed foliis brevibus, nodis fere semper
glaberrimis, jonieui erred composita, suoi paulo majoribus
glaberrimis distincta.
Culmi graciles, erecti vel basi geniculati, 1—23 cte r —
2-3-nodi. Folia 3-4 basalia vel subbasalia, 1-3 r is
arctis firmis hirsutis vel iahon ad neis m ani
glaberrimis imis persistentibus haud in fibras solutis, laminis
linearibus acutis 2—4 poll. longis 2-2} lin. latis viridibus hirsutis
vel glabrescentibus. Ponicula erecta vel subnutans, 2-6 po
longa, contracta vel subaperta, ramis inferioribus 2-2-natis
Spicule brunnee, nitide, glaberrime, 55-65 lin. longe ; gluma i.
ovata, obtusa, 2 lin. longa ; ii. lanceolata, obtusa, 541-6). lin. longa ;
iii. lanceolata, acuminata, ii. sub»qualis, 3-nervis; iv. linea ri-
ob. pubese ens, 3 lin. longa, breviter bifida, callo brevi
tomentoso barbato basi exciso, arista subgracili 14-2 poll. longa
ad j inferiorem geniculata. Stamina 2. Ovarium glabrum.
—Loudetia elegans, Hook. fil. in Journ. Linn. Soc. VII. p. 229, non
Hoc
cns GUINEA. Cameroon Mountains, Mann, 1346, 2080.
I found the nodes always perfectly glabrous, with a single
exception, in which near the base of a culm there were a few s
hairs present.
297
588. Trichopteryx mi Fhe Stapf ' [Graminew-Avenew ] ; valde
affinis 7. simplici, Benth.,
foliis perlongis angustissimis sepiu s planis superne _capillaribnls
paniculis pedalibus vel ultrapedalibus flavidis uberibus
Culmi e d densis strictissimi, po 21 3 ped. alti,
glabri vel hirsuti, 2-3-nodi. Folia circiter 2 prope basin, 2-3
remota, vaginis Kelis glabris vel hirsutis ad nodos barbatis vel
glabris infimis basi tomentosis demum in fibras solutis, ligulis ad
seriem pilorum reductis, laminis "aros pato linearibus 1-14 pe
longis ad 1 lin. latis apicem versus longe capillaribus glebris
hirsutisve rigidis. Panicula contracta, danke vel laxiuscula
1-1} ped. longa, flavida, ramis sspe permultis semiverticillatis
cüpillaribus longioribus ad 6 lin. mettent us sepeque ad
medium simplicibus. Spicule 45-6 lin. longs, glabre, structura
T. simplicis nisi gluma ii. saepe iii. equante vel subsuperante.
UPPER GUINEA. Niger region: Nupe, Jeba, Barter.
589. Trichopteryx acuminata, Stapf E ESE oris æ];
habitu 7’, M Hiris. ba (vide taney similis, glumis longe
setaceo-acuminatis nibus 3 dis
Culmi eiie. 4 Peg ait , glabri, loves, Folia l— € tantum
nota, vaginis glaberrimis arctis, igulis seriem pilorum minu-
torum redacta, laminis convolutis- e hon capillariter attenuatis,
4-6 poll. longis, glabris vel supra minutissime puberulis.
Panicula erecta, angusta, laxiuscula, circiter 9 poll. longa,
ne
oblonga, 13-2 lin. longa, superne minute puberula, breviter
bifida, callo barbato parvo, arista n seabrida 1-1} poll.
longa ad vel infra medium geniculata. Stamina in utroque
flore 2; antherae 3-1 lin. Ovarium glabrum
UPPER Rene Niger region : Nupe, Barter:
590, Trichopteryx hordeiformis, Stapf [Gramines-A venes ;
inter generis ie es panieula densa aristis longissimis crinita
Pd eal ua.
nnua, gregaria. Culmi stricti, 3 ped. alti, glabri, 3-nodi.
vaginæ erectæ, superne um margine
verticillatis Doe dene appressis brevioribus: Spiculæ flavide,
641-71 e ongs, glanduloso-setose ; gluma i. oblonga, obtusa,
2-3 lin.longa; i i liidrina ta, longe seismic aei te truncata,
64-75 lá. longs.;- iii. lanceolato-oblonga, su subacuta, 33-4 lin. longa,
paleam acutam 14-2 lin. longam gerens; iv. oblongo-linearis,
298
13-2 lin. longa, pubescens, breviter bifida, callo villoso barbato
gracili acuto, arista hispidula eer ies 1 poll. seta 3-4 poll. longa ;
palea linearis, subobtusa 1} lin. ga. Stamina in utroque
flore 2 ; antherae 1} lin.
UPPER GUINEA. Niger region: Nupe and Borgu, Barter, 954.
Barter states that in Borgu the inner plains covered with this
gregarious species resemble barley crops.
591. Trichopteryx annua, Stapf [Graminese-Avenese]; proxi
T. hordeifori mi, Stapf, (vide supra), sed foliis brevibus et aparer
laxiuscula minore multo pauperiore distincta.
Culmi solitarii vel 2 3 fasciculati, stricti, 2 ped. alti et ultra,
leves, 3-no E. L hate um vagine arcte, glabre vel tuberculis
ongona par aspersæ ; ligule ad seriem pilorum reducte ; laminæ
P e Aa o atenante, 21-4 poll. longæ, 1-2 lin. latæ,
ds vel marginibus revolute, sepius horizontaliter patentes,
subrigid:e, glauce, tuberculis setigeris We negem secundum mar-
ginem instructe. Panicula wie sagnste ad 5 poll. longa,
laxiuscula, rhachi inferne tereti glabra, ramis sem iverticellatis
geminatisve filiformibus l Perin e vel '2-3-spiculatis, brevibus.
Spicule flavidæ, ad 74 lin. long, glanduloso-setose ve sub-
glabr:, rarius glaberri æ; gluma i. ovato-oblonga, obras, 24-3 lin.
longa ; ii. lanceolata, reni to-acuminata, obtusa vel truncata, ad
T} lin. longa ; iii. quam secunda multo brevior, truncatula.
SUDAN. Jur: Ghattas’ chief seriba, Schweinfurth, 2007.
spikelets are too young for complete description ; but the
pli. is so well marked, that it is easily recognisable from the
characters given Mn "The awns are 1- -l] in. long in the most
advanced spikelets.
ze Trichopteryx pa ea aa l aeiae att affinis
T. simplici, Benth., sed vaginis infimis latiusculis albidis longe
is haud in fibras solutis, ponner aulo minoribus pro
oo latioribus, gluma i. longiore acutissima, iv. 9-nervi
dist
ded Culmi erecti, ad 13 ped. alti, glabri vel papon pilosi,
3-nodi. Foliorum vaginæ , infime basi latiuscule atque longe
albido-villosz, subpersistentes, haud in fibras solute, superiores
Panic gd subflexuosa, angusta, 3-6 poll. longa, rhachi
interdum pilo ramis paucispieulatis filiformibus scabridis,
S natis Spicul Mk idm, 4—5 lin. longae, glabre ; gluma i. ovata,
peacit , 24-3 onga ; ii. eas olata, truncata, 4—5 lin. longa ;
^pa t ot li. subzequalis ; iv lineari-oblonga, 2 lin. longa,
á atic ad ariste insertionem pubescens, 9-nervis, bifida, callo
rvo pungenti-villoso barbato, arista gracili infra medium geni-
vagus 1 poll. longa. Stamina in utroque flore 2; antheræ 1 lin.
H AFRICA. Transvaal: Pretoria, Rehmann, 4730; Magalies
esa ots Derde Poort, Nelson, 75.
593. Trichopteryx ramosa, Stapf Lieder ig Xon inter
m ene species generis habitu suffrutescente ramoso insignis. ;
299
Suffrutescens, ramosa, glaberrima,ad 13 ped. alta, ramis culmisque
gracilibus. oliorum vagin: infim:e æ latiuscule, aper tæ, ut ceterae
tenuiter p irs mec seriem pilorum brevissimorum reducte ;
lamine angus eares, se se as 3—4 poll. longs,
1-1} lin. late. MEN angustissi ma, 2-4 poll. longa, erecta vel
subflexuosa, rhachi €—t paucispiculatis ei anre levibus.
Spicule pallide, 3-3} lin. longe; glume tenues; lanceolato-
oblonga, a acuta,,, OY lin. longa; ii. tae eoblata, delta. 3-34 lin.
longa; iii, priori similis, 7-nervis, nervis intimis abbreviatis, paleam
lanceolato-oblongam 23 lin.lo nga m gerens ; iv.lineari-oblonga, 2-24
= longa, glabra, demum purpureo- d bifida, 7-nervis, callo
uso parvo barbato, arista tenui 4 lin. longa infra medium torta ;
ie niat: lance olata, 21 lin. longa. enia in utroque flore 2.
Ovarium glabrum, | Caryopsis ee 1 lin. longa,
grises embryone magno 4 lin. ;
H AFRICA. Kalahari Maier. Griqualand, Klip Fontein,
Burchell, 2164.
594. Alsophila Batesii, Baker [Filices-Cyatheaces]; ex affini-
tate x: T ees Hook.
Caudex 2-3 pedalis. Stipites elongati, graciles, nudi, inermes,
EPA paleis basalibus rigidis castaneis ——— —
nati Frondes oblongo-deltoides, bipinnate, mem
cse virides, glabræ, 34 pedes longe, 15-18 p oll. cin iiao
nuda inermi, pinnis lanceolatis sessilibus ad gus pinnatis,
inferioribus pencis centralibus heec ee majoribus 8-9 poll.
18-20 lin. latis, segmentis secundariis linearibus obtusis
iiie recita tis 23 lin. latis, venulis perspicuis 14—15-jugis
Lehre fureatis. Sori parvi, intramediales, ad furcam venarum
impositi
UPPER GUINEA. Cameroon Mountains: Forest at Efulen,
Bates, 301.
Bes idee A. Batesii only three species of Alsophila are known
from Tropical Africa,
595. Polypodium (Phegopteris) efulense, Baker [Filices-Poly-
podiacex]; ex affinitate P. Vogelii, Hook., et P. nigritani, Baker.
tipstee longissimi, graciles, fragiles, supra basin straminei,
i, 2-3-pedales, pn subbasalibus lanceolatis firmulis brunn ——
d ribus. rondes deltoidex, decom
utrinque virides, Bo preter costas glabrae , dorso obscure abes
centes, tripedales, pinnis infimis distincte petiolati is quam reliquis
multo majoribus inæquilateralibus latere inferiore valde Drodnotis,
segmentis ultimis S obtusis crenatis basi in alam costularem
confluentibus 2-21 lin. lata, venulis laxis obscuris Ar anions m
ultimis fuistis. “Sori parvi, inter dun et marginem uni
mediales.
UPPER GUINEA. Cameroon Mountains: Forest Hill, Efulen,
Bates, 217.
596. Polypodium (Grammitis microphyllum, Baker petes
iud ^e iacem]; dense cæspitosum, ad P. Gilpine, Baker, arct
14538
300
Frondes subsessiles, lineares, obtuse, crenatz», e medio ad basin
sensim angustate, 12-15 lin. long, 1-1 lin. late, rigide coriaces,
paleis subulatis brunneis patulis tenuiter vestitæ, costa tenui
nigrescente, venis simplicibus erecto-patentibus, ad marginem
haud productis. Sori alterni, globosi, uniseriati, superficiales,
prope basin laminz ha is HM oducti.
MAD SCAR. For f Ambohimitombo, province of Tanala,
alt. 1450-1560 ft., Pora yh Major, 477.
597. Polypodium (Grammitis) tanalense, Baker [Filices- die
Lo gee a P. marginello, Sw., frondibus haud nigro-marginat
cedit.
Rhizoma breviter repens. Stipites erecti, 9-12 lin. P pilis
paucis patulis brunneis vestiti. Fre ondes simplices, lineares,
integra, 4—5 poll. long:e, i
glabre, margine pilis paucis brunneis preedite ; ven simplices,
laxze, erecto-patentes, parallele, perspicue, ad marginem haud
produc Sori uniseriati, oblongi, ad venas terminales, inter
costam et bodies mediales.
MADAGASCAR. Forest of Ambohimitombo, province of Tanala,
Forsyth Maj yor, 185.
598. Pol pedi. CBepelypedinm) forsythianum, Baker [Filices-
Polypodiacezx ] ; khasyanum, Hook., arcte accedit.
Rhizoma censi repens. Stipites cibi plted, brevissimi, paleis
subulatis patulis brunneisvestiti. Frondes lanceolat ate,s subcoriacee,
elastic, 2-2} poll. longæ, medio 5-6 lin. late, basin versus sensim
angustatee, utrinque virides, paleis subulatis brunneis patulis
tenuiter vestite, ad alam costularem angustam pinnatifide.
Pinne lineares, obtuse, integre, erecto- Leve, basi confluentes,
centrales 4 lin. la ate; vene immerse, occult», erecto-patentes,
bifurcate. Sori ot superficiales, bos costam et marginem
oo uniser
MAD SCAR. d orest of Ambohimitombo, province of Tanala,
alt. 1450-1560 ft., Forsyth Major, 200.
599. Acrostichum —— — Baker [Filices-
Polypodiacex] ; ad A. flaccidum, Fée, arcte accedit
Rhizoma breviter repens, paleis parvis posuer brevibus
eastaneis. Frondes steriles contigus, subsessiles vel breviter
stipitate, lanceolate, subpedales, medio ‘-12 lin. late, rigide
coriacee, nudi, e medio ad apicem acutum et basin sensim
angustate ; vence ini erecto-patentes, perspicus, simplices vel
furcate. Frondes fertiles ignote
: MADAGASCAR. Forest of Ambohimitombo, province of Tanala,
Forsyth Major, 204.
301
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
KING OF SIAM.—A private visit to the Royal Gardens was
paid on the morning of Sunday, August Ist, by H.M. the King
of Siam.
Botanieal Magazine for July.—The number opens with a figur
of Zamia obliqua, which has been in cultivation at Kew since 1880,
when a plant was procured from Mr. Bull, of Chelsea. It is
native of New Grenada. Cattle y elongata, the beautiful
Polygonum baldschwanicum (the flowers of which are coloured
too pink), Helianthus tuberosus, ind Lissochilus efi cag are
also figured. The Cattleya is a handsomes species from Brazil
with large flowers having orange-coloured sepals. ane petals and
rose-coloured labellum. It flowered at Kew in October, 1893.
from the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. The specimen of the wild form
of Helianthus dg 08U8, Was € by the Rev. ds Mp Dod,
who had grown it from indigenous tubers. The plat ccom-
panied by many interesting facts relating to the ‘slants history.
he Lissochilus is, as its specific name implies, native of
wW
r. P. F. Garnett, of South Bank, Liverpool, while the bulb and
eii were drawn from a Kew plant which was received from the
late Mr. John Buchanan.
Botanical Magazine for August.—The following plants are
figured :—Lycoris squamigera, Gasteria fusco -punctata, Dendro-
bium denudans, Ficus erecta, var. Sieboldii an Cynorchis
purpurascens—all from —— cultivated at Kew. Lycoris
squamigera, a native of China and Japan, is interesting asa showy
plant used by the people of the latter coun ntry to decorate their
ini a Gasteria Juco Saat Sect is conspicuous for its much-
bra robium denudans is a slender
MDC of ihe Himalayas, ieri specimens collected off oak-
trees were sent to K y F. Duthie, Esq., and flowered in
1896. uice erecta, var. Sieboldii was sent to Kew by the late
Dr. Schomburgk ; it is a native of Eastern Asia. The last figure
is that of a Mascarene orchid with an extremely complicated
flower: like the majority of the orchids of that region it is of
terrestrial habit.
New Edition of Key Plan.—A fourth edition of this skeleton
guide to the Royal Gardens was put on sale during the month of
gust. It has been carefully revised so as to include all recent
improvements. The size has been somewhat reduced so as to
make it more convenient for the pocket. Reg printing leaves
something to desire in the matter of clearness, a uer paper
having been Meere ined by the ceris Office
302
Water Lily Pond.—South of the lake in the Pinetum is a
small pond which has long been dry. The bottom has now been
pet with clay and made water-tight. It is supplied with
ondensed water from the steam-engines at the waterworks. As
the temperature of this is fairly warm it is hoped by S: means
to be able to cultivate in the open air many tender aquatics. This
a proved successful with the red Nymphwa Lotus, of
India, and with Thalia dealbata and some other plants. Ii is >
intended also to plant out the fine coloured water lilies raised by
Mons. Latour-Marliac, which are an addition to modern open-air
sein as notable as they are delightful.
Tampico Jalap.—Ordinary Jalap, the * Pargo macho" of the
Mexicans, is widely known as a medicinal substance, and the
plant (Ipomoea Purga, Hayne), with purplish-pink flowers, is met
with under nm not only in greenhouses in Europe, but to
some extent as a field crop in the neighbourhood of the Cinchona
Plantations, in de Nilgiris (Madras) and the Blue Mountains,
amaica. Tampico Jalap, on the other hand, which has made its
appearance in trade of recent years in considerable quantity, i8
produced by a different plant (Ipomoea simulans, Hanbury).
is stated to grow along the mountain ranges of the Sierra Gorda,
in the neighbourhood of St. Luis de la Paz, from which town and
the adjacent villages the roots are carried to Tampico, and thence
shipped abroad. As Tampico Jalap was not represented amongst .
the plants in the Economic Collections at Kew, an effort was made —
to obtain a few tubers through the Foreign Office, who enlisted the a
kind co-operation of Her Majesty’s Minister in Mexico. In
November last, two ex of tubers were received in excellent -
condition from Her Majesty's Consul at Vera Cruz, labelled res- E
pectively * Tlacolulam ” = “ Tonayan,” and described as having |
been M tained from these localities, “in the canton of Jalapa, in
the state of Vera Cruz." The Tlacolulam tubers were distributed d E
to the bótanical departments at Jamaica and the Nilgiris, and to — —
the botanic gardens at Oxford, Cambr idge, Edinburgh, Glasgow,
T
lt was ; dt once noticed that both these tubers were not o ;
from the locality where Tampico Jalap is collected, and now ye E
is little doubt that they are gamer Jalap (Ipomoea Purga). This
fact should be carefully noted by the recipients. Inthe meantime
another effort is being es to obtain the tubers of the true.
Tampico Jalap
E IAS
rj
SIERRA LEONE
| | — BOTANIC STATION —
>Il ` Lower Lower om NORTH PORTION.
ro -Area 17 acres Grds [2 poles
Wyman & Sons, Lith..
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
No. 130.] OCTOBER. . [1897.
DLXXVIL—BOTANIC STATION, SIERRA LEONE.
(With Plan.)
The settlement of Sierra Leone at one time consisted only of
the peninsula terminating in Cape Sierra Leone, with an area of
about 300 square miles. The Colony with its protectorate now
includes a large extent of country, estimated at 4,000 square miles,
or a little more than one-half the size of Wales. The capital,
“ieee lying about 4 miles up the Sierra Leone river, at the
t of a chain of hills rising from 1,700 to over 3,000 ft., contains
304 ‘000 inhabitants, and possesses the best harbour i in West Africa.
ot.
The scenery of Sierra Leone is said to be v very sitnilar to that
of the West Indies. The soil is fertile and there is an sete
of pure fresh water. Tropical fruits grow luxuriantly. ese a
described in the Kew Bulletin for 1888 (pp. 221-223). Pine-
apples especially are produced very abundantly, while bananas,
plantains, avocado pears, mangoes, limes and oranges are not only
consumed locally, but are also exported to the Gambia, Goree, and
egal.
As stated in a letter addressed by Kew to the Colonial Office,
September 4, 1886, *from a scientific Lege of view the natural
botanical productions of Sierra Leo of extraordin
interest. Early in this century a limited nandai of specimens
found their way into European herbaria, and show that the flora
is exceptionally rich.”
A very interesting work in the Library at Kew is entitled
* Substance of the Report delivered by the Court of Directors of
the Sierra Leone Oenipany to the General Court of Proprietors on
Thursday the 27th March, 1794," To this is attached an appendix,
in which “the Directors thought proper to introduce an account
of the natural productions of Sierra Leone, being the substance of
two Reports made to them by Mr. — their botanist.”
It is evident that more than a hundred years ago a good deal
was being done to establish a successful arse in this part of
West Africa. Amongst the economic plants described are rice,
cassava, yams, sweet potatos, ground-nuts, eddoes, oil-palm,
plantains and bananas, papaw, guava, orange and lime trees,
14523—1375—9/97 Wt s D&S 29 A
304
pumpkins, water melon, pine-apple, pigeon pea, maize, millet,
cacao, cashew oe Pie sugar cane, butter and tallow tree,
tamarind, fig-tree, hog-plum, country plum, country grapes,
sorrel, *“ caleelo = epe ach) mammee apple, cainito, bumelia,
and icaco or pige lum, (from the West Indies), country
ica
cherries, bread fruit, vem otk cola, castor oil, “ cassia of the
cane,” indigo, cotton, silk c
“Some account of the D and introduced fruits of Sierra
Leone" was published by Mr. Joseph Sabine, F.R.S., from
information obtained from Mr. George Don, A.L.S., in the
Transactions of the Horticultural Society (vol. v. , 1824, pp. 439-
466). This gives a very uU wid account of the principal
plants yielding edible fruits in West Africa, with
excellent ced plate of the Negro Peach (Sarcocephalus
esculent tus). There are also notes on the Butter and Tallow vom
Serena ENG and the Kola (Cola acuminata). Of t
common pine-apples, even in 1824, it is stated that “they are s
abundant in the woods as to obstruct the passage through them
every direction ; they grow vigorously and bear fruit abundantly.”
The other - fruits already introduced and — in Sierra
pee in 24 were bananas, uae 8, cocoa-nuts, papaw,
oranges, lemons, limes, cashew, rose-apple, tamarind, melons, and
tomatos.
A small but interesting collection of the economic plants from
Sierra Leone was presented to Kew by Mr. G. H. Garrett, a
travelling commissioner, in 1891. In 1892 Mr. G. F. Scott-
Elliot, F.L.S., who was attached as botanist to the Delimitation
Commission of the Anglo-French frontier, forwarded to Kew
500 species of dried benc in excellent condition, and also seeds
of various kinds (K. B., 1892, p. 72). In the following Jon (1893)
Mr. Scott-Elliot and Miss Catharine A. Raisin prepared Reports
on the Botany and Geology of Sierra Leone (Colonial Reports,
ACETUM No. 3, Sierra Leone, 1893. See also K. B., 1893,
p. 167-169). "To the former is attached a useful list and index of
native nam
“The | Botanical results of the Sierra Leone Boundary Com-
ission " formed the subject of a paper contributed by Mr. Scott-
Elliot to the Linnean Society (Journ. Linn. Soc. xxx., pp. 64-
Plants supposed to belong toa species of Coffea raised from
seeds collected by Mr. Scott-Elliot in Sierra Leone were distributed
from Kew in 1893. On further examination, these plants having
developed spines, which Cofea never has, were believed to belong
either to saat of Randia or Canthium (K. B.,
One of th interesting of the economic plant
ce = the apra or pet coffee ( Capea. kee ylla)
which, though discovered about a century ago by /
not e be until 1834, and was AS introduced into this Fin eho
until sixty years afterwards (1894). js was figured in the
Botanical Magazine (t. 7475), and described more recently in the
Kew Bulletin (1896, pp. 189-191). This coffee has been widely
distributed from Kew. It has lately flowered in the West Indies,
and is there regarded as likely to prove ope for cultivation in
- lowlands where the Arabian coffee will not gro
ano her promising economie plant in Sierra [oaie] is the native
305
cotton, probably Gossypiwin Keriaen ad b. In order to supple-
ment this an effort was made some years ago to introduce the
cultivation of the Egyptian grise in the polany The ——
letter affords particulars on these points :
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, to COLONIAL OFFICE.
Royal Gardens, Kew.
91st January, 1893.
SIR,
I am desired by Mr. Thiselton-Dyer to acknowledge the
receipt of your Hr of the 2nd instant forwarding a copy of a
despateh from the Governor of Sierra Leone regarding the
experiments s in the colony to cultivate Egyptian cotton.
2. Mr. Thiselton-Dyer has noticed with regret that these .
forwarding more seeds to the colony.
3. It will be within your recollection that in 1890, at the |
request of the Government of Sierra Leone, Kew undertook to
i i m
of the 9th May, 1890, a copy of a ta favourable report furnished
by the Manchester Chambers of Commerce was enclosed.
Sierra Leone cotton was státed to be of mie T and
valued at sixpence per pound in Liverpool. There was said to be
a good demand for it, and Lancashire buyers “would gladly
welcome a very much uer ad than is now available."
(
local gazette, a nd the Gov vernor, Sir James Hay, K.C.M.G., invited
NS ecial attention of the public £o; the importance of the .
subjec
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ia
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remunerative market. ence this subject of cotton-growing was . -
of p importance.
) s thought desirable not only to encourage an tend |
the tidem of the cotton already in the hands of the dm but |
to introduce the more valuable Egyptian cotton, pages ra is ^ Y
demand ** for the length, firmness, an of the ;
7. If owing to local presente the cultivation of d nk
cotton is not practicable in Sierra Leone, it may at least be pouibls p
to extend the growth and export of the ordinary cotton. If the
colony could afford to support a small te anical station in the
neighbourhood of Freetown, there is little doubt that many new
i enam could be started that are now believed impossible. The
success — at the two stations gode established in West
Africa at Lagos and Aburi ciis that y fulfil a most useful
rini, in regard to developing local sib eod
I am, etc.,
(Signed) D. MORRIS.
The Hon. ie a Meade, C.B.
Colonial Office
14523 A2
306
As the result of the conference held at the Colonial Office with
the four West African Governors on the 12th September, 1893
(Kew Bulletin, 1893, pp. 363—365), a successful effort to start a
Botanic Station in Sierra Leone was made by Colonel Cardew,
C.M.G., in the following year. The subjoined correspondence
indicates the steps taken to attain that object.
COLONIAL OFFICE TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
Downing Street,
10th September, 1894.
SIR,
I am, &e.,
The Director, (Signed) JOHN BRAMSTON.
Royal Gardens, Kew.
Government House,
Freetown, Sierra Leone,
: 9th August, 1894.
My LORD MARQUESS,
I HAVE the honour to submit for your lordship’s approval,
e
h a copy of the scheme. It would embrace the
establishment of a botanic garden, machinery for the proper
preparation of coffee and cocoa for the market, a coffee plantation,
indusirial farming and annual agricultural shows.
3. In view of the fact that there is now no longer any possibility
of extending our protectorate, as it is hemmed in by French
307
working, and with their concurrence I beg to request that your
lordship may be pleased to sanction a vote on the Supplementary
Estimate for £950, which would represent the initial expense of
the adoption of the scheme, including the ee of land, plant,
&c., and another for £220, which would be about the pro portionate
annual expense for the "died concluding seen: of this year,
about the commencement of which period I hope the scheme may
ed
6. Turning to the consideration of the different items.
Initial rihh. — A very suitable piece of land on the Pademba
road, known as the French Company’s farm, is for sale; I have
visited it with Mr. Lewis; it seems well adapted for our purpose
runni
d
labourers if necessary, and a p beara: in whic am ‘informe d
there is ; toit G coffee trees, and adjoining it there is land
which ign be acquired if necessary at easy Pee
I hav t been able to obtain as yet the exact acreage of the
eeserty: = vaf it is, I believe, about 50, and Diebefojo pi sufficient
French Co ompany to
reference to your lordship, and this they ta consented to do; in
the meantime, the Acting Queen's Advocate and the officer
charge of the Survey Dep artment, will aii all the necessary
information regarding title deeds, plan s &c. I may mention that
it is considered that this property is basis offered on very cheap
terms, and 1 may add that Mr. Crowther, who is the Curator of
the Botanie Garden at Accra, when he visited this colony in
March last, in compliance with your lordship's UE
inspected it and prod favourably on it for a botanic garden
and vibe uy
the scheme. At present the berry is so bruised and broken by the
crude methods employe d by the native cultivators that it does not
command the best prices; it is hoped that when the cultivators
i rg
that others will commence the industry.
8. T trust that I have pameidutly demonstrated to d'une UE
that there are good reasons for the adoption of a schem
similar to that proposed by Mr. PR and I may add that nin a
view of obtaining public opinion as to its details Aes given
instructions for it to be published in de Royal Gaze
I have, &c.,
(Signed) F. CARDEW,
Administrator.
The Right Honourable
The ‘Marquees of Ripon, K.G., &c., &c.,, &e. —
308
[ Enclosure. ]
Oxford Street, Freetown,
31st J uly, 1894.
SIR,
WITH reference to the question which your Excellency
proposed for my consideration as to the best measures to adop t for
promoting agricultural industry in this jolony, I have the dons
to ed y following statement of m
2. During the last few years, owin io don bt to keener com-
petition in Teade and the diminution of profits, public attention
as been much directed to the subject of agriculture, and a few
efforts, more or less extensive, have been made to give practical
effect to the new-born idea. Judging from attempts that I have
myself made e in same direction, I have good ground for saying
that there exists in the colony great ignorance of the conditions
fora successful is profitable prosecution of eser enterprise,
See in the presence of intelligent competition
3. It matter of vital importance to the eatr of the
colony that Me Should be taken, even at some cost, to give a
right direction to the dn impulse in fa vour of agriculture,
and s [Uer it from being succeeded by disappointment and
reac
4. PM of the points in which it is felt such npe may be
i pre ip ously given relates to the mode of preparation for
t of produce, especially those exported. bi European and
reset markets. It was suggested whether in respect, at least,
of the small growers, their produce might not be bought, prepared
and dealt with by the government. This suggestion involves a
trading by the es Me under circumstances in which it will
come in competition with private enterprise. I think if the
government should seek to carry out this suggestion, it will
hinder rather than esq de the very enterprise which it is its
Special object to prom
. The Board of Rel has passed a resolution not long ago,
agreeing with the view, that the establishment of a bot tanical
knowledge generally lacking is twofold, viz.:—how io cultivate
the produce, and how to prepare it properly for market. The
POARI station, if established, can be so arranged that, within a
erate area, it might annex to itself the work of a farm for the
cultivation of a few of the main products, such as coffee and
which attention is being directed by the por here.
a at principle precy med in the cultivation of one or two
lants can in course of time be easily adapted by mé planters
themselves to others ; V that it will, according to my view, no
be necessary to make at the botanie station a farm tor every one
of the commercial products to be grown in the colony
eti come coffee in particular, iid cacao and.
cola in a less degree, will be the chief articles cultivated in the
colony ; ae there i ig already evidence of some activity in coffee
growing. At the same time, there are evident to those who have
my practical S bipes of the proper suite of fruit m
as the coffee, grave errors in the method adopted in
cültivation hire.
309
7. What is in the first pu required is, that the intending or
actual farmer shall have some object lesson for guiding his
operation, and the opportunity of knowing the reason for adopting
any specific method in farming. A few minutes of practical
directions from Mr. W. Crowther, the Curator ot the Government
Botanical Station at the Gold Coast Colony, on his recent visit to
Sierra Leone, enabled me better than months of previous reading
to understand and apply the principles of pruning the coffee tree.
8. Public notice given of the time for Da apas certain
b k f
these ai . Tt waa ald be a par t of the duty of the curator
transplanting, pruning, mulching and shading of tree , the
harvesting and curing of produce, and even the rotation ofc crops,
may, to a great extent, be learnt by observation. At present, very
few of d so-called farmer rs have any intelligent idea of prones
so essential to the cultivation of their produce. Hen
independently of the preparation of crops for market, our pat
ucts are generally inferior in quality to those of foreign
grow ‘th,
9. The use of implements other than the Ec raet hoe and
the cutlass, which constitute the whole o e farmer’s tools in
Sierra Leone, may be encouraged and taught ds proper practice at
the botanical station
ext defect in our agricultural system is ve generally
bad or indifferent preparation o of produce por the arkea
ses even as in that ginger, wherein nat see o favour
us with a good article, the preparation largely phaea the value
in foreign markets.
ll. The fear is naturally to be — that, with the
extended cultivation which is going on in the colony of ene
xi
2. The process in use for cleaning vdd in the colony is He
Dude one of drying the berry and afte wards pounding it in
r and winnowing by hand with a fin; ides the
detestei of the quality of the bean rede m drying the
berry, the pounding breaks the bean an secures
evenness in the colour which complete removal lof is sog irn kis
will effect. Hence a sample of perfectly good coffee of the
3. Then the value of the sample also depends the
uniformity in the size of the beans. "The Liberian tioifeo, whioh
is the qu ality now being largely grown in ges eone, varies
very much in size. Our farmers do not, as a rule, know that it
will be an advantage tu them to secure the anita ormity I refer to.
Even if they do, they will require some other process than
picking to secure it, otherwise the labour will be too great sad
prove unremuner rative
14. In two ways assistance uz great value dud: bo given by the
government. For many years to come coffee have already
observed, will be the auod uc. that will soaring serious attention
310
ae the colony. I would, therefore, recommend that i govern-
nt have in connection with the botanical station a few acres
indar coffee cultivation. If it should be decided to Dakia the
h Company’s
should be given to farmers and others who are desirous of availing
themselves of it, to inspect the machinery and see how it works.
Some p toma -e should be used even if it were decided
to work some at
5. There is no paar now imported into the colony ; and
though so some growers may be able and willing to procure it after
seeing and understanding its use, they will act unwisely to get
now what may prove to be mere white elephants in their hands,
and sizer. Their prices vary. D have an os recently
(Messrs. Walker, Sons. & Co., Limited), who profess to have
invented the best pulper for Liberian coffee. A London fi o
John Gordon supplies machinery, but I do not know if their
pulper is specially adapted to the aap coffee. American
machines appear to be cheaper.
` 17. As some or all of the machinery above-mentioned may n
be within the means of small growers, it will be an advantage à
A curing establishment is all that is necessary. Mr. Crowther, in
his report on his recent visit to the West Indies, says (in page 19)
that the cost of the buildings needed for this purpose for a farm
of 300 acres need not exceed £160. If eventually the Naggeniion
with respect to providing the means for — a the pu 8
to the best mode of preparing coffee be ended to d" the
additional cost will be comparatively sma
19. A third plan that I would suggest for encouraging; agriculture
a the eonim aeaa of annual shows, in which prizes are to be
or competition in different i TA eE of agricultural
labed, for articles and objects produced or maintained in
colon
0. Before stating the plan in detail, I may mention that one of
its objects i is to aen enterprise to other channels than coffee and
cacao, in order to avoid the dan anger of throwing all the economic
egg of the reita in one basket
; 21. My proposal is that the shows shall be under the patronage
of the government, but directed by a committee of which the
311
Curator of the Government Botanical Station shall be a member :
and that sub-committees in different parts of the colony, of which
the District don are to be members, be formed for
aiding the committee
22. The. hows are » to be held in Freetown in December or
ptr this season being about crop time for most of our
8. The articles exhibited are to include ——nÓ of all
s of agricultural produce, in the natural as well as manu-
fainted state, botanical specimens, and live miming It is suggested
that exhibitors of farm produce shall be the producers or their
agents, "^ not mere collectors.
Between the months of July and October next before the
show, oriit intending exhibitor of farm produce should send in
to the committee a notic ce of his iion: to exhibit, and give
Pei satisfaction that produce at the show comes sees «€
Provision should be made for the inspection in Nov
of. ey i which or the p from which it is E
shall compet
a Li * *
32. Though us Me may 3 open for all kinds of produce,
whether coming from owners beyond the colony, I would suggest
that only farmers and inhabitants within the colony should be
entitled to compete for prizes.
I have, &c ,
(Signed) SAML. LEWIS.
His Excellency Colonel F. Cet C.M.G.,
Adm
PEIR of the Governmen
the Colony of Sierra Leone.
THE ADMINISTRATOR OF SIERRA LEONE TO THE COLONIAL
OFFICE
‘Sierra Leone,
21st t November, 1894.
My LORD Meroe
IH the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your
lordship's bd uc. No. 201 of the 18th of September last, on the
subject of a scheme for the promotion of agricultural industry i in
this colony and to inform your lordship that the French Company’s
farm fulfils the requirements specified in the letter from Kew,
that it was favoura x en reported on by Mr. Crowther, the Curator
of the Gold Coast Colony, on the occasion of his visit to this
colony in April last, and that I am now concluding the purchase
of the qe in x
With respect to a curator and overseer, provision has been
made in the etree for 1895 which have been passed for salaries
from £200 and £80 respectively for these officials, but I gather
from the letter from Kew, that the latter, if a black man from the
West Indies, would require about £150 to £180 a year, and if so
a curator shouid in due proportion be paid a salary at least from
about £200 to £250, rising by annual increment of £10.
. In view of the recommendation in paragraph 3 of the letter
from Kew and the suggestion of your lordship that I should
apply to Jamaica for an overseer, I propose doing so by the next
312
Opportunity she offering a salary of £150, and with reference to
the engagement of a curator, I beg to request that your lordship
may be pleased to direct that a serm be selected fron etd ' for the
Lii with one and hammock allowance at 2s. d. per
; Pe As machinery for the purpose of nne the coffee berry
for the market will be required as soon as the Botanic station is
established, it is very desirable that ‘he man E be selected should
obtain all the necessary information regarding it, from what
firms it can best be procured and the kind best adapted for this
colony.
5. Your lordship will observe that the estimates for 1895, which
I propose to forward for your cae €— do not I ntly
provide for the verseiim of curator and overseer at the increased
over expenditure amounts to £1,101 there is ample margin for
the small additional sum required to ep the increased salaries.
ave, &c.
(Signed) T. CARDEW,
: Administrator.
a Are Honourable, ~
Marquess of Ripon, K.G., &c.
Mr. F. E. Willey, a member of the staff of the Royal Gardens,
o had previously acted temporarily as curator of the Botanic
on at the Gold Coast, was appointed curator of the new
tation. He embarked for Sierra Leone in November, 1895.
The following letter gives an interesting account of his first
impressions of botanical work in the colony.
CURATOR, BOTANIC STATION, SIERRA LEONE, TO ROYAL
GARDENS, KEW.
Botanical Station, Freetown,
i 4th April, 1896.
SIR
I HAVE the honour to forward by this mail steamer, a box
containing seeds of Pentadesma butyracea, the butter and tallow
tree of Sierra Leone,” tubers of Amorphophallus leonensis, bulbs
of two species of Crinum (one C. yuccæflorum) and one Hymeno-
callis; also two samples of coffee in parchment, viz., Coffea
liberica, and C. stenophytia, ina two fibres which I extracted,
e from Sansevieria guineensis, s the other from Hibiscus sp. ;
all “of which I hope will arrive in good condition
Iam going to procure a quantit : of seeds of the “ butter tree,"
for an oa Pere as to their oil value, as suggested in your letter
of January 13th last, to the Colonial Office
The samples of coffee, and fibre which I have forwarded, I
* An account of this interesting tree and its produce will Le found on pp. 320-325.
313
prepared last January for the Agricultural Exhibition. I should
-be pleased to hear your opinion o cte m, and any suggestions yon
might be ila to add for my guidan
I arrived here on December 2nd last, and have ever since been
very busy, first with clearing the land which w in a most
dreadfully tangled — in fact the coffee trees ee completel
hidden by weeds ; NUS atterly I have been laying the place out.
I have about 35 or 36 acres of land alto together, in two pieces,
each about 18 acres in extent; the lower piece on which is my
house, is close to Freetown, about 250 feet iva sea level ;
splendidly situated, and well watered ; a stream running through
irden
the gar
This piece I am laying out with a view to its being an
ornamental, or pleasure garden to attract visitors, being so close
to the town. "The great drawback i is the poorness, and shallowness
of the soil, in fact from 3 to 4 acres of this lower piece are bare
rock (laterite). I should like to get a foot or eighteen inches of
poria ve put on the top, but labour is scarce. I have only 14 men
to v k 35 acres, and carry out alterations. And again, the men
of rain from the time I arrived until last week, when we had
about 3; inch
=I have started a fair sized nursery, and built a large plant house;
sed nian: vd large pieces of land to plant when the rains
have reconstructed, and made — roads, one of
which oa 700 feet long and 12 feet wide with a open drain on
a t o
long and 20 feet wide. Now, I am very busy picking Liberian
coffee, and pulping it, &e. EPO
I shall be very glad when an overseer is appointed, so as to be
Aia of some of a work, I cannot now give necessary
attention to many thin
The Agricultural Exhibition which was held on January 23rd
and 24th, was a great success for a first attempt. It will now be
held annually, T exhibited samples of coffee, cacao, cotton, fibre,
gums, &c., also the coffee machines which arrived a few days before
and were erected in the hall; the two small ones (one for cleaning
coffee in parchment and the dry cherry huller) were worked. I
which
also prepared articles on the Lei mete of coffee and cacao,
were dae in leaflet form, and distri
onth I had a few days' leave, ind went to a large town
called Port Loko, which is about 60 miles from Freetown on a
bee ati of the Roquelle River. The first part of the journey up
the uelle was unattractive, owing to the great width of the
river ; Rovere, after some 10 to 15 miles it could be seen that
the banks were covered with mangrove ong and over these the
tallest of the inner vegetation could be of which cocoa-nuts
and the silk-cotton tree formed the “rth features. About
20 miles up the Roquelle we branched off into s Port e
hiver. The Roquelle from hs point is called the Riv
from Sesa principal town on it, Magbeli, about. me miles iun
Free As we could only proceed with the tide, owing to its
strong Miet soon after entering the Port Loko River, we rs AA
at an MUCH in bum middle of. the river called Kasanko. Here
314
stayed the night at an European factory, where they buy the
produce as it is brought down by the natives in their large
ext morning, as soon a
fringed with the mangrove, broken here and there by little creeks,
man
the vegetation became interesting ; Elwis, Raphia, Phoenix, and
Cocos represented Pal also icuous w 8,
During the second day’s journey, we passed some very
large alligators which were sleeping on the mud banks of the
. e i i
I hope to be able to send more things to Kew in a few months
time, especially if I am fortunate enough to get a good overseer,
as then I shall have time to look around, whereas, as I am situated
at present, I have absolutely no time to spare.
I have, &c,
F. E. WILLEY,
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G., C.LE. Curator.
The samples of coffee referred to in the first paragraph of the
preceding letter were submitted for valuation and report with the
following result :—
MESSRS. LEWIS & PEAT TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
6, Mineing Lane, London, E.C.,
DEAR SIR, 4th May, 1896.
YOUR favour of the 1st inst. with sample of coffee reached
us this morning.
We have carefully examined same, and beg to report as
. follows.
315
The parchment is good, clean, and bright. It has been well
prepared and well cured, and very ha
The coffee comes out rather brownish and foxy coated, and is
still d in size for Liberian ; possibly = drought has affected the
coffee to a great extent, as you sugges
To day’s value is about 78s. to BO». per ewt. if husked and
sized here.
We are, dear Sir,
Yours faithfully,
(Signed) LEWIS & PEAT.
It is a very fair sample on the whole.
The report on the fibres was not so satisfactory.
" Peares deii —— —Fibre of good length but of bad
what similar sample fro m Trinidad was valued
in 0 886 at £290 «nd ton. Present prices dd probably nat much
low wer.
The Hibiscus fibre is not suitable for commercial use in its
oat form,’
Mr. James E. Hartley, a foreman at the Hope Botanic
Gardens, Jamaica, was appointed overseer at the Botanic Station
T acra wm under Mr. Willey, in September, 1896. He spent
ome time at Kew on his way from Jamaica to West Africa
(Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 218).
The duties of the overseer are to undertake the experimental
cultivation of coffee, cacao and other economic plants, and to
assist in training native boys i io horticultural work.
The site selected for the Botanic Station at Sierra Leone consists.
of two pieces of land, one of which is shown in the accompanying
plan prepared by the curator, This is the lower or north garden,
ut a mile from the centre of Freetown, at an elevation of 250 ft.
above mean Mio and bo sheltered from the prevailing
winds. "There is a perennial stream flowing through the gardens,
vue it is intended 4 to tap this v a parece level, and lead the water
l rivulets or in pipes all over the gro und.
The land is not yet properly fenced ; it is in contemplation to
erect a strong fence, with barbed wire and -wood or live
ts, as soon as possible. A serviceable wooden gate, with stone
The soil is not all equally good. It is described as rather poor
and shallow in places, “while from 3 to 4 acres are covered with
slab rock and laterite.” There is, however, a sufficient area of
good soil, especially along the banks of the stream, for nurseries
and propagating grounds. Other parts are suitable for being laid -
out in wid: and capable, by the addition of prend and soil, for
wing specimen trees in specially prepared ho
The other portion of the station is, du ybi not accessible
from the lower garden. It is an isolated plot situated on a slope
at an elevation of 600 ft, above the sea, and contains the remains
316
of a small coffee plantation. The trees are looked after and
MED weeded and pruned, but Devout this it is not possible to
afford them further attention at pres
Further particulars are contained in ike following letter received
= the plan from the curator in January last :—
CURATOR, BOTANIC STATION, SIERRA LEONE, TO ROYAL
GARDENS, KEW.
Botanic Station, Sierra Leone,
TA: January 6th, 1897.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to forward a rough plan of the lower
or north portion of the station here. I trust it will give you an
idea of the progress he has been made in laying out the garden
during the last 12 months.
s I mentioned in 5 iy le tter of some months ago, the ground
is very poor and rocky and difficult to work, consequently the
results are not very encouraging.
f
the Liberian and the native narrow-leaved coffee, also cacao,
about 500 kola, and about 800 eucalyptus, growing well, many
over two feet dies besides black pepper and many other economic
and ornamen
: The rai infall this ast year has been very heavy, Dedi
hea ai
places. These have now all been made up with stone, and stout
I am a member of the Agricültaral Exhibition committee here,
and also one of the judges in the farm and plantation competition.
The inspection of the plantations and farms entered for competi-
tion will commence in a few days. It embraces the whole of the
Sierra Leone peninsula and also Sherbro Island and neighbour-
hood. The Exhibition is on the 16th and 17th of February ; I am
preparing samples of economie dite for —
Messrs. Millen & Humphries were able to s
several EF on their way down the coast a their füstootfto
stations
e, &e.
(Si. E m E. WILLEY.
W. T. SPEI Esq., €.M.G., c. CLE, F.R.S.,
Roy al Gardens, Kew.
Mie Waller has been on leave in this country glen. the present
us accordance with an arrangement made with the
Colonial Office he and the Curator of the Gambia Botanic
317
Station have spent eight weeks at Kew in the study of African
plants and products in the houses and museums a bw ok with
this establishment, and in acquiring information in the city and
elsewhere respecting the commercial value and method of dd
ment of subjects likely to be successfully remnunsiatively taken
up in West Africa
DLXXVIIL—IMPROVEMENT OF THE SUGAR-BEET
AND SUGAR-CANE
It is not sufficiently recognised that the development of the vast
industry which has been founded on the beet has been only
yie
was made to ons. i ilmorin, who has ha
in bringing the sugar beet i its present condition asa ave ee
source of sugar. The following interesting letter was received in
reply. It gives a striking picture of what can be agian by
persistent selection.
Mons. H. L. DE VILMORIN to ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
17, Rue de Bellechasse, Paris,
December 30th, 1896.
DEAR Mn. THISELTON-DYER,
I can very easily send iden the desired information, as the
subject of sugar-beet is one which my father and myself
devoted much time and shed n
Both the beet-root and the leaf-beet are derived from Beta
maritima, L., a native of the shores of the Mediterranean and of
e western coasts of Europe. It wa ce own to the ancient Greeks
imd Romans under both garden form
In the eighteenth century large vanua of the beet-root were
transferred from the garden to the field, used as Sunk for cattle,
rst in Germany, afterward in France and in tain.
When Achard initiated the manufacture of sugar rad beet-root
the white field variety was judged the most suitable for sugar-
making; it contained 8 to 10 per cent. of its weight in pure
sugar. Selection was then brought to bear on the pairing variety,
and in fifty years slightly increased the percentage of sugar,
raising it to 12 or 13 per cent. er the gross weight of the root).
After 1850 more m o rtaini
cent. of sugar. The fibrous tissues of the root which hold most
sugar had been apaa mal the cellular tissues reduced to the
utmost extent ; hence the root became small, ha ry and easily
deformed. Ever since are object has been to unite a better
shape with an equal amount of sugar. Beet-roots containing
more than 18 per cent. pun cease to Jost» properly and die.
318
et seg. You will see that it is an exaggeration to say that. the
quality has been enormously increased ; but it was so in a fairly
large measure ; and this has ssi beet- -sugar making from a bad
job into a prosperous industr
m, &c.
(Signed) 'H. L. DE VILMORIN.
In this case eee was effected by taking advantage of
seminal variation. The same method might be applied to the
sugar-cane now that seedlings are obtainable with tolerable
facility. But progress would necessarily be made slower than in
the case of the sugar-beet.
For this reason the method of chemical selection which has
been pract tised in Louisiana seems both more practicable and more
Po. 86-00). It is fully described in the Kew Bulletin for 1894
pp. 86-
The following report Ma the result of a preliminary report
e last year in Barbados
EXTRACT from letter from Mr. J. R. Bovell, Curator, Botanic
Station, Dodd’s Reformatory, E to the Director, Royal
Gardens, Kew, dated March 30th, 1897
“When I was at Kew in 1894 you gaoa to me the desirability
of trying to Er =x saccharine of the are ano by chemica
n to Barbados at the end of 1894 it was
up
ined over the average amount “of available sugar in the canes
Mein the first day. A second plot was planted with cuttings of
the upper halves of those below the first day's average, and a
third plot was at the same time planted in the usual way, i.e., with
cuttings taken indiscriminately from ordinarily well-grown canes.
These plots were jsi two weeks ago, and the results were very
satisfactory. The es grown from the cuttings taken from the
in sucrose the poorest juice, and those Peo in the usual way
coming about mid-way between the other two
DLXXIX.—FOREST PRODUCTS OF SIERRA LEONE.
The foliowing interesting account of the forest products of
Sierra Leone and their possible rms is taken from
the U.S. Consular Reports for November, 1896 (pp. 442-444).
It is an extract from an address made by the Governor of Sierra
Leone (now Sir Frederic Cardew, K.C.M.G.) to the Legislative
Council of Sierra Leone, on the 21st April, 1896.
eaim eb ent of the forests described have been referred to in
the by Mr. Scott-Elliot, already noticed in the Kew
Bulletin 1893, p 167-169) :—
There are large tracts of forests with abundance of rubber and
valuable timber awaiting exportation, They have been in no
319:
sense explored, and they only require intelligent and systematic
methods for gathering the rubber to ied their wealth to the
first comer who has the necessary enterpr
or instance, the forest to rn ch T have already referred as
lying between Makali and Kruto may be roughly estimated to
cover the greater portion of Vv district E the Seli river
on the west and the Bagwe on the east, and an east and west line
rawn through ato in the north, and a similar line drawn
through Makali in the south,
This area comprises portions of the Kuniki and Koranko
districts, and the extent of forest land within it may, on the most
moderate calculation, be computed at about 600 square miles
Along a great portion of the route taken by my party a pee
is of ies eight to ten years’ growth, but in Dy parts of the
district there is, I have no doubt, the virgin forest; but even in
the forests of recent growth there is abundance of ii and
three kinds of suc planis, Mere pointed out to me were
vines called, respectively, in the Timni language * lilibue " and
* nofe," a nd the third a dus called; in the same language ** kewatia.”
The “ lilibue " yields the choicest rubber in the protectorate. In
, however, always cut down. In the case of the “nofe” vine
it is invariably cut up into small pieces of about 6 inches in
length, and ies completely destroyed. The * kewatia,
rubber tree, appears to grow rapidly, and in eight or ten years to
attain a girth of from 2 to 3 feet, but the tree, however, like the
“nofe,” is also destroyed in the process of gathering its rubber; it is
felled, and the bark ringed at intervals of about 6 inches along the
tr unk, The rubber appears to be treated in a different way to
that of the vines; the latter is, as you know, coagulated with lime
juice, but the rubber pio exudes from the rings cut in the tree
is plac ed in hot water the surface of which it coagulates,
and is then cut into ps, Whiten. are formed into balls for the
market.
I have ventured, at the risk of being tedious, to go into detail in
describing the manner in which the rubber is gathere
I think we must all admit that the native processes “are crude
and wasteful in the extreme, and it is evident if more intelligent
and economical methods were adopted, as E pii ci is the
a far larger yield, and every probability that ees West African
rubber would command as hi gh a price as South American. But
if some steps are not taken to teach the natives better methods
of extracting rubber than they now use, it may safely be predicted
that with the increasing demand for rubber, in a few years the
plant will become extinct, and an pid which should be one of
the most thriving in the colony will be ruined.
In the forests I am speaking of the dispen is gathered by Susu
traders in the crude and wasteful manner I have described. The
former, appear to be very ignorant of its v and the methods of
gathering it. I feel quite convinced that if traders were to either
go themselves or send as agents into these parts men well
a8 ag
experienced in the iniu. they would be rewarded for heir
trouble and expense with rich ests,
14523 B
J
320
The methods which prevailed in South America should be
studied and adopted if eee practicable here. A short account
of the preparation of the Para rubber, which is the premier rubber
of the world and is shia saad from a large tree which forms
extensive forests in the lowlands of the Amazon, was published at
the recent Agricultural Exhibition, and the curator is now drawing
up an account of other ees which may be suitable to the
rubber industry of this c
The natives of the ener require to be trained in an intelligent
way of working, not only i in the preparation of rubber, but also in
that of oan Es ne reds to think that for the purpose of
extracting a few or say, even pounds, of rubber, large
trees edt be felled, yd is the case now, not to m ention vines,
and so completely destroyed. In the territory of the Amazon,
each rubber tree is made to yield an annual crop, and the bark,
instead of being ringed, has a number of incisions made in it as
far up the trunk as the hand can reach, and the milk is caught in
little hollowed-out lumps of clay which are placed below each
incision. This work is done by the e Indians, and there is no reason
why the aborigines of the interior should not be taught to adopt
similar methods. If the traders who purchase the rubber an
other wey done products would inform the Government in what
direction they consider reforms should be introduced in the
ptevailtüg systems of gathering such produce, the Government
would, I feel sure, lend an attentive ear to their suggestions.
The "forests in the Kuniki and Koranko districts are, relatively
speaking, very accessible from here ; Magbeli, from which place
they can be entered, being distant about seven days’ easy marching,
and there is water carriage for light canoes from Benkia, two
marches from Magbeli, down the Roquelle river.
But these forests are small compared to those on the Anglo-
Liberian frontier, along the Morro and Mano rivers, which extend
for 800 or 1,000 miles. Had it not been for the border raids which
have been carried on for the last eighteen.to twenty Lien. I à
no doubt they would have been exploited long ago; but ther
an oppo rtunity, now that the raiding has attegethar ceased, tor
opening up these forests, which abound in rubber and ele phants,
and the southern portions of which are within two days' journey
of Sulima.
DLXXX.—BUTTER AND TALLOW TREE OF SIERRA
LEONE.
(Pentadesma butyracea, Don.)
This noble tree of West Africa is a member of the —
times attains a height of 70 ft.; the large glossy leaves are from
5 to 10 in. long, the flowers are abundant, very handsome, and
succeeded by a large, lemon-shaped bro wn berr rry, 6 in. long and
diameter, with one or Posse or — M mper
seeds. The plant was described by Sabine in the iens
of the Horticultural Society (vol. v., 1824, p. 457) as the * * Butter
and Tallow tree," It has recently been figured in Hooker's
321
Icones Plantarum, pl. 2465 (1396) with a description by
Professor Oliver. It is known in Sierra Leone as the * Kamoot ”
tree, Farke ^ Heckel, in his monograph Les Kolas Africains,
refers to it as the * * Kanya " tree ; and the oil or butter yielded
by the seeds as Me de Kanya.
The e following correspondence relates to an investigation that
has been carried on in this country at the request of the Govern-
e as a source of oi h
depressed condition of the market for oil-seeds, is not very
promising. It is possible, however, that the piia now
published may prove of service to those E in West
African products, and suggest means n the seeds may
eventually become of commereial importance :—
THE COLONIAL ese Scrat Pu Pe TO ROYAL
GAR , KEW
assit wai Sierra Leon
SIR, 18th Fide ig I
I have the honour, p^ iror tion of His Erao the
Governor, to forward to u, through the Crown Agents for
* Kamoot" tree, and to request that you will be so kind as to
report o it as a plant worthy of cultivation from an economic
oint of vie
P A co y rd the letter of Rev. J. A. Cole, who Seehes the
specimens, is herewith enclosed for hee informatio
ave, &c.,
(Signed) Z C. GORE
The Director, Colonial Secretary.
Royal dédit Kew.
[ Enclosure.]
Freetown, Sierra Leo
DEAR SIR November “oth, 1895.
ACCORDING to arrangement made with His Excellency
Governor Cardew, I beg to forward you a package containing the
seed, flower and leaves of the Kamoot tree.
t is an economic plant that may be introduced into the com
merce of Western Africa. It grows wider dee we along the
banks of our rivers, and on the mountains. The yields a
edible oil, highly esteemed by the interior natives.
is Excellency Governor Cardew desires it to be examined by
Kew, um i ANM with him that it be forwarded through the
Governm
The ed. now forwarded is not fresh, and the proportion of oil
may not be estimated fairly from it, but it may be possible to
arrive at something more definite when fresh seeds are obtained,
At present it is the flowering season, and the sample of seed is
fully a year old.
remain,
(Bignod) J. weed ec. COLE,
The Honourable
The Colonial Secretary,
Freetown, Sierra Leone.
14525 P3
322
THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, TO COLONIAL OFFICE.
Royal Gardens, Kew,
January 13th, 1896.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to inform you of the receipt of a letter
m the Sierra Leone Government of December 18th, advising
the despatch of a case containing dried specimens and seeds of the
amoot ce
2. ns of the former we were at once able to identify - ine
Portada: bilip račia; the “ Butter and Tallow tree” of
Leone, which was first described in the year 1824 by Mr. iida
Sabine in the Transactions of the Royal Horticultural Society.
He says “the yellow greasy juice . . . isgiven out copiously
when the fruit is cut or opened, . . . it is not, however,
much used by the settlers on account of a strong turpent ine
flavour which belongs to it; this juice is more abundant in the
seeds than in any other part of the frui
3. As far as I know the seeds have eie been introduced into
commerce as a source of oil. But I can see no reason why,
the tree is abundant in the colony, they og ngs not E utilised. For
this purpose the best plan would be induce some oil-seed
crusher at Liverpool to give them an experimenta trial, and to
consi
4. Probably Messrs. James Samuelson & foem Ltd., Scottish
Chambers, 48 Castle Street, Livestiodh would be willing to take
the matter in hand.
I have, etc.,
(Signed) W. T. MES
ector
The Hon. Sir Robert "usi KCB.
Colonial Offi
Do Bots Street, S.W.
CURATOR, BOTANIC STATION, SIERRA LEONE, TO ROYAL
GARDENS, KEW
Botanical Station, Sierra Leone,
4th April, 1896.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to forward by this mail steamer, a box
containing Tes of Pentadesma butyracea, the butter and tallow
tree of Sierra Leone.
* * aE Li *
I am going. to procure a further quantity of seeds of the “ butter
tree,” for the experiment as to their oil value which vm suggested
in your letter of January 13th last, to the Colonial O
The native tribes around here ce agp an oil item. the seeds
and use it for cooking in the way as they do palm-oil.
I have been informed by some nod that they prefer it to palm-
oil on account of its better flavour. The season for the seeds is
March and April. Then the natives prepare and store a sufficient
aeey of the oil to last until the next season, The oil is
393
extracted by drying the seeds and parching them over a fire.
They are then pounded in a mortar; water is added and the
whole boiled over a fire, and the fat or oil is skimmed off as it
rises
» » * *
I have, &c.,
(Signed) F. E. WILLEY,
Curator.
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G.,
Director, Royal Gaiden quw
CURATOR, BOTANIC STATION, SIERRA LEONE, TO ROYAL
GARDENS, KEW
Botanic Station, Sierra Leone,
May 19th, 1896.
SIR,
I HAVE the honour to forward by the s.s. *Ilaro," two b
containing seeds of Pentadesma butyracea, the butter or tallow
tree of Sierra Leo
One bag contains 57 Ibs. of dried seed, and the other 115 T of
fresh seed. Would you kindly have them experimented u
pen their value as a source cf oil, as sugg gested in your letter
o the Colonial Office, dated January 13th, 1896 ?
I don’t think it is necessary for me to add more, as I explained
about ex tree and how the natives use it, &c., in my letter to Kew
last month.
The pe" are sent to Kew because it is thought that they would
receive more attention tag the firm in Liverpool, than if the seed
was sent direct from her
I have, &c.,
F. E. WILLEY,
Curator.
W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Esq., C.M.G.,
Director, Royal Sadana Rew.
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, TO Palace at ora bal
Royal G
s, Kew
10th Doceniberr 1896.
SIR,
WITH reference to my letter of the 13th January last, I have
the honour to inform you that a consignment of the seed of Penta-
desma butyracea, the butter and tallow tree of Sierra Leone, was
received from the Government of that colony in June last.
his seed was at once forwarded for investigation to Messrs.
Samuelson & Sons, Ltd., of Liverpool, and the result is con-
tained in the enclosures herewit
. The price of seed oils in this country at the present time is
rather low and hence the estimated value of the tallow seeds
stated by Messrs. Samuelson p ae (to use their own words) “is
hardly a fair one upon which to base calculations as to the real
commercial value of the seeds.’
324
4, Nevertheless the investigation has been a useful one and i
thanks of the Government are due to Messrs. i^m son & Son
for the trouble they have taken in the matter. We now for r
the first time the percentage of oil in these seeds dnd the probable
uses to which it can be applied.
have, &c.,
(Signed) W. T. THISELTON-DYER,
Director.
The Hon. Sir Robert — K.C.B.,
Colonial O
Do une ‘Street, S. W.
[Enclosure 1.]
Messrs. SAMUELSON & SONS TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
Scottish Chambers
astle Street, Liverpool,
” 23rd October, 1896.
DEAR SIR,
WIT Paes to the investigation with the “butter and
tallow” M tas ved, we find they contain 41 per cent. of oil,
of which we pen nées a small sample. Our investigations have
hitherto only been in the laboratory, and the quantity supplied is
not large enough for a practical test.
The oil, we think, would be suitable for soap-making; this we
shall be able to ascertain in the course of a week or two, as we ar
getting one of our soap-making friends to try it. If it should be
suitable for soap-making, and the refuse suitable for cattle foods,
we think the price of the seeds ought to range from £8 to £10 per
ton, delivered in England, according to the state of the market.
Yours truly,
(Signed) EDW. SAMUELSON.
The Director,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
[ ENCLOSURE 2.]
Messrs. SAMUELSON & SONS TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
Scottish Chambers,
. 48, Castle Street, Liverpool,
8th December, 1896.
DEAR SIR,
THE writer saw Mr. H. S. Timmis, of Messrs. Gossage & Sons,
y — v x weg that the oil made from the nuts of which
you ks, is (though not an oil of high quality)
d ndoubieliy suitable for soap-making, and, so far as we can te
you, would probably fetch about £2 per ^oi leni than palm-kernel
or cocoa-nut oil. Both these oils are very low at present (very
little over £20 per ton), and perhaps to-day's price is hardly a fair
one to base any calculations on as to the commercial value of the
puts,
325
The cake we have not yet had a report upon; but as soon as we
have, we will send it on to you. We 29 ae think it can by any
possibility be worth more than £3 per ton, which would to-day
give the selling value of the nuts at a maxim mum of £6 per ton,
delivered in Liverpool. Whether it would pay to import at this
price we very much doubt, and from what we can see of the oil
we think it would not be suitable for any other purpose than
soap-making. It is not good enough for c andle-making, and it is
Any further information we get on the subject we shall at once
send you.
Yours truly,
(Signed) EDW. SAMUELSON.
The Director,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
DLXXXI.—COFFEE em AT THE GOLD
The progress made in the cultivation of us at the Gold Coast
has been noticed in the ied Bulletin (1895, pp. 12, 21 and 165).
In the Blue Book Rep a — year i893 (Colonial Office
Reports, pue song 1895, N 136) the following account was
given of the experiments carried « on in connection with coffee and
cacao at the Botanic Station at Aburi :
* A good deal of general work has been done in the Govern-
ment Botanical Station during the year and considerable attention
has been paid to the plantations of coffee and cacao, in ihe culti-
natives appear to have become interested. Along the road leading
from the Bolanos Station through the country of Akwapim to the
teehee are large numbers of small clearings in which coffee
are to be seen in a most flourishing condition. The Liberian
coffee plant appears to thrive best, but there are large Seres in
also of the Arabian coffee plant, the berry of which, however, is
small and apparently Pose omen. It will probably be necessary
for the Government at no distant date, if the coffee industry i is to
be fostered as a trade, to instruct these native cultivators in the
proper way o f preparing the berry for export. At present the most
primitive method is employed. The berries are scraped by hand
with a round stone worked in the hollow of a larger stone, and
ain this process they are washed and dried in the sun. It is
obvious that a large crop could not be so dealt with, and that the
employment of machinery in the near future is imperative. The
initiative will have to be taken by the Government, Pire cd E
the general ignorance on the part of the natives of “all hin
even of the simplest character, and because no single native culi
vator possesses sufficient capital, enterprise, or experience to take
the maher in hand.”
the last two years the Government has introduced machi-
nery for pulping and curing coffee, and consignments of both coffee
and en forwarded through the Crown Agents for
sale in the London market. This plan afforded the best means for
326
testing the commercial value of the produce, and it is gratifying
to find that the result shows that coffee and cacao can be grown in
est Africa capable of realising good prices in European markets.
Much still remains to be done to induce the natives to cultivate
and cure Are produce in a satisfactory manne
During the year 1896 there were shipped ‘from the Aburi
Bofanio- Station 30 bags z coffee and four bags of cacao. The
urn sales were as follows :—
CROWN AGENTS TO COLONIAL SECRETARY, GOLD COAST.
Downing Street, S.W.,
ŠIR,- 17th July, 1896
I HAVE the honour to inform you, with reference to your
letter of the 15th April last, that we have caused the bags of
coffee and cocoa sent home per s.s. ** Cabenda" to be sold at the
Commercial Sale Rooms, Mincing Lane, London, by a first class
firm of colonial brokers, em Rucker & Bencraft, 2d the
following has been the result
daa FEE.
The 26 bags marked L were examined, sorted, cleaned, husked,
and then OR into 15 bags, and were sold at the rate of
10/- per ew
The te ‘bags marked A were similarly treated, refilled into
two bags, and sold at the rate of 56/- per cwt.
hg.
The net amount realised for the coffee
ES o A. D 41295: 10-0
COCOA.
PER tup bags of cocoa were sold at the
of 37/- per cwt., the net amount
iet being ... vee i I: oe l
Gi ast
The aus to nM doc and Por doe
there *129' 3
Net total realised ... £56 19 10
I enclose, for the information and guidance of the Colonial
uveramenb copies of the letters, dele and account sales which
e have received from the brokers
ave, &c.
(Signed) E. E BLAKE.
[ Enclosure. |
Me.srs. RUCKER & BENCRAFT TO CROWN AGENTS.
37, Mincing Lane, E.C.,
GENTLEMEN, 8th July, 1896.
THE four bags cocoa will be offered at Abl sale on
Tuesday next.
Referring to the shipment of coffee and coco
Ist. We should recommend T friends sies use stouter gunny
. for their bags.
327
2nd. Ape dry their Mocha seed coffee more before shipping it
in husk
. To clean their Liberian coffee themseives before rt a
the disk being so heavy, and there being no or ur to preser
Yours, &c.
(Signed) J. À. RUCKEE & BENCRAFT.
shipments for the bere year (1897) are described in the
following corrresponden
JURATOR, BOTANIC em GOLD Coas", TO ROYAL
GARDENS, KEW.
buri,
DEAR BUM 13th June, 1897.
AVE taken the liberty of writing to inform T ga thoj
the potisis Station is now properly fenced in.
pleted on the 12th instant; there are two gates which are i dock
after 5 p.m
The shipment of coffee and cacao for 1897 from this station is
as follow
eem coffee, dried in parchment 46 sacks.
» cherry dried uod P nas
Arabian E dried in parchment ‘EE je
Cacao sh en) sic
Total 2...568
This was sent off about the end of May, and with the exception
of the five sacks of Arabian was harvested and prepared by
myself.
I am, &c.
(Signed) C. H. HUMPHRIES.
The Director,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
Messrs. RUCKER & BENCRAFT TO CROWN AGENTS.
37, Mincing Lane, E.C.
GENTLEMEN, 17th August, 1897.
WE have now on pleasure to enclose contract for cight
bags vier "n e glen ” at 58/-.
The ata tory: there is at the moment a
sonaidersid speculation current in cocoa, and a few months ago
such cocoa would only have realised about 40/- per cwt.
In a rising market common sorts yi reap the greater
id i Se in falling markets they suffer mo ~
tside appearance of this cocoa is fairly good, the break i is
ie dbi: = often defective. The dark colour of the beans you
may be able to remedy, they ought to bə rosy in ria the
defective can certainly be got Be of by more een ring.
We a
(Signed) J. A. RUCKER r ee
328
ACCOUNT SALE of 8 bags cocoa, per “ Bathurst" (s.) at Accra,
sold Im order and for account of the Crown Agents for the
Coloni
in 7.
August 17th.
©. drs. En €
8 bags ... $ 2 P at 58/- ida 24 14 0
Discount, 24 per cent. ... ie 012 4
£24 1 8
Charges ... i es 2 I 4
Net proceeds TT KA ic 2 5:4
Messrs. RUCKER & BENCRAFT TO CROWN AGENTS.
19th August, 1897.
GENTLEMEN,
EFERRING to the sale of your coffee yesterday 23 bags ex
* Bathurst ” a a normal lot of African Liberian and sold at
about value.
Two bags ex “Bathurst” was a retail lot ay pou have sold
at 10 more money if there had been 20 bags o
As regards t bags ex “ Bathurst" this S lo a retail lot,
but in quantity it would not have fetched much more money. As
to the preparation of this lot, we should imagine uoh could be
done to improve quality, the coffees appear thoroughly worm
eaten and the appearance is very rough
Yours, &c.,
(Signed) J. A. RUCKER & BENCRAFT.
aaa of 28 bags coffee, per ** Bathurst” (s.) at Accra,
sold by or and for account of the Crown Agents for the
Colonies.
1897.
August 18th.
c. . lbs. :
23 bags ex 28. 0:21 3639/6. = 55 13 5
T. e 2.9. .0 py MA a 9 08
a o» n 2-9 24 y 39/6 516 5
28 bags 399 2 18 £64 10 6
Discount, 1 pér cent. ... a 0 12 11
Chan .. 1 4 55. T5 p 1
Net proceeds ... T = £481 i 1 6
DLXXXII.-BOTANICAL ENTERPRISE IN WEST
AFRICA
The development of the system of Botanie Stations in West
Sir Alfred Moloney, i in 1888 ; the next at Aburi on the Gold COME
n 1890, under the supervision of Sir W. Brandford Griffith.
The cae ai - the Ducis was established in 1894, and in 1895
Sir Frederic Cardew was successful in ranging far what
promises to pes a useful station at Freetown, pas Leo
In addition to these, a station was eae in 1891, under
the Foreign Office, in the Niger Coast Protecto
The early attempts to start these stations were PES of a
emer led to a desire to place them o more permanent
ing. t a conference held at ih. Colonial Office, in
Saem sete at which the four West African Governors
were present (Kew Bulletin, 1893, pp. 363-368), steps were
taken to extend the Botanic Station system and to improve the
position and standing of the curators
Asa result of this conference, the Botanic Stations in West Africa
have been placed ona TR footing to those existing in other parts
of the Empire, and their influence bcm usefulness are steadily
increasing. The health of the curators has, on the whole, been
satisfactory. The only death short the Curators of the
existing stations occurred at Aburi in 1895, when Mr. W. Crowther,
a remarkably promising man, died after nearly four years' service.
There is no ipe — the special leave on e pay granted to
body of Dads officers p assist in the work of the Botanic
stations, and t harge during the absence o e Curators,
ar ments were made to train negro boys in horticultural work,
and to make a selection of t st ising for further
Kew
returned to West Africa in Mis, 1894. One is now in charge o
the Government House garden and grounds, while the other *
Assistant Curator at dh Botanic Station,
lt is — that efforts will be made to train similar men in the
other Coloni
In the pinin it has been sought to increase the efficiency
of the Curators themselves, and to afford them opportunities for
becoming thoroughly acquainted kde th the possibilities of
DUCUM of West African industrie
The eial action oxen, in this direction is shown in the
P dua correspondence
330
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW, TO COLONIAL OFFICE.
Royal Gardens, K
March 25th, 1897.
SIR,
IN the memorandum, approved by the Secretary of State,
transmitted in Mr. Bramston's letter of September 25, 1893, the
conditions of employment of the Curators of the s everal Botanic
Stations in the West African colonies are laid dow |
. Number 4 of these Duci me these officers bali have the
benefit of the fuse Reg ons as regards, amongst other
things, leave. They a xp» cima entitled to six months' leave of
absence on full pay after twelve months’ consecutive service in
he Gold Coast Colony and Lagos, and after fifteen in Sierra
Leone and the Gambia.
3. While I am satisfied that this privilege is essential to the
preservation of health necessary for the efficient performance of
their duties, I am doubtful whether it is altogether satisfactory to
treat such prolonged leave exclusively as holiday. No doubt men,
animated with some zeal for their duties, will devote a portion at
least of their leave in this country to work which would increase
a — cy. But they are at present under no obligation to
do s to me, therefore, a matter well worth the
consideration of the Secretary of State whether in this particular
me modification of the general regulation should n
vnde,
4. I would suggest that each Curator on his return to England
months of his leave to the study of such subjects, whether
commercial or horticultural, as the Director may indicate to him,
and that, further, the receipt of his pay for that period shall be
contingent on a certificate from the Director that he has employed
himself for the time specified in a satisfactory manner.
Ia
m, etc.,
(Signed) W. T. THISELTON-DYER.
Edward Wingfield, Esq., C.B.,
Colonial Office
Dewar Street, S.W.
COLONIAL OFFICE TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
Downing Street,
13th April, 1897.
SIR,
I AM directed by Mr. Secretary Miia berini to inform you,
in reply to yonr letter of the 25th of March, that he entirely
agrees with you e thinking it desirable that diia Curators of
Boulton Station in the West African Colonies should be
required to devo té a portion of their leave of absence to work
which would increase their efficiency
2. It has always been he ld by du Secretary of State that the
leave which is granted to Europeans in the service of the West
A n Colonies is not to be treated as an ordinary holiday, and
that thoe that receive it may be called upon to undertake any
WO) oed go through any course of instruction that the Government
331
may think desirable. Many officers have been required to do so,
and there will be no difficulty in laying down the rule which you
nae in the case of Curators
3 copy of your letter and of this reply will be sent to the
Governors of the four West African Colonies, for their information
and guidance.
4. I am to add that Mr. F. E. Willey, the Curator of the
Botanical Station at Sierra Leone, has recently arrived in this
j — and that he will be told to zepon himself to you, with a
view to his devoting two months out of his time in England to
the ois of such subjects as you may indicate to him
am, &c.,
(Signed) EDWARD WINGFIELD.
The Director,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
COLONIAL OFFICE TO ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
Downing Street, 6th July, 1897.
SIR,
I AM directed by Mr. Secretary Chamberlain 2 acknowledge
the receipt of your letter of the 24th of June, in which you
suggest that Cantons of West African Botanical Stations, who are
called upon to pursue a course of study at Kew during their
leave of absence, shouid receive an allowance of £10 to cover all
travelling and other expenses
9. It has occurred to Mr. Chamberlain that hardship might be
aused in individual cases by the grant of a fixed sum to cover
travelling expenses, which must of course vary greatly. He would
suggest, therefore, emn unless you see any objection, the allowance
should bea fixed sum of £1 for every week spent at Kew, and
that the travelling expenses actually incurred should be paid to
men who do not live in or near London.
3. The tiong would odty 65 paid on the receipt of a certificate
from you that the officer M completed his studies at the Royal
Gardens to your satisfacti
4. It would be worin that the allowance of £1 a week
was made to cover all expenses save those of travelling, end that
the only additional payment would be for railway fare from
the officer’s usual place of abode to Kew, and back again, on the
completion of the course.
5. It may be assumed that the total payment to be made would
unless an officer is forced to pay heavy gps edis
(Signed) 'SoHw: "BRAMSTON.
The Director,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
During this summer, Mr. F. E. Willey, Curator of the Botanic
Station at Sierra Leone, and Mr. Walter Haydon, Curator of the
Botanic Station at the Gambia, have deus gest weeks of their
leave (July 5th—A ugust 25th) to a course udy of economic
subjects at Kew. They have carefully mcd. the West African
332
products in the Museums of Economic Merl and made notes of
those not yet brought into commerce. The ey have paid special
attention to rubbers, fibres, coffee , Cacao, Spices, a an gums, and
spent some time in consulting standard books affording the
latest information on these and similar subjects. While studying
8
c of those likely to v suitable for West Africa, and arrange-
ents have been made send out a selected number of such |
piini with them on eke olara to the Colonies. Visits were
arranged for the inspection and trial of machinery for the
preparation of coffee and other RM products, and also to the
principal gale rooms in Mincing Lan
The following memorandum will show what was accomplished
in one day's visit to the latter :—
* About a dozen of the principal produce brokers were visited,
and large SEN of products were seen and examined in the
various office
v samples of ginger were particularly interesting. We spent
n comparing the samples of African ginger, from
coa aig with those which had arrived from the West
Indies.
“A gonsiderapin difference was noticed in the character of the
produce when the two sorts were compared.
" The sam we of ginger from TER. Leone were all coated, and
the omes were small. The quality was poor, and the prices
obtained were only about one-third of those of the best Jamaica
TA small quantity only was shown of coated ginger from the
West Indies. In nearly all the samples the rhizomes were very
much larger than those from Sierra Leone.
The principal brokers visited were Messrs. Lewis & Peat.
io an
Here 5 ai
ipecacuanha, Chinese star anise, Tinnevelly and Alexandrian
senna, Kombe (Strophanthus hispidus), Pudding pipe (Cassia
ther spices coffee, cinnamon, peppers, chillies, nutmegs, mace, and
o Spic
* The ote produets noted during the day were gums, wax,
tapioca, ginger, cloves, sugar, cascarilla bark, bucliu leaves, myrrh,
simarouba , &c.
* Fibres were not so numerous as other prednes, but a few were
observed, including raffia, piassaba, bowstring hemp, Mauritius
hemp, poean coir, and West African unde ig Very little of
ihe latter was seen
s si sm Mincing Lane, a visit was paid toa warehouse in
Crutched Friars, where the v rene drugs were to be seen in bulk,
amongst vios) dragon' 8 blood, gamboge, aloes in skins and in
boxes, gum guaiacum, sarsaparilla i in bales: ipecacuanha, benzoin,
and various other produ cts.
(Signed) WALTER HAYDON.
There can be little doubt that the opportunities thus afto rded
333°
impossible to over-estimate the value of such training, and there
can be little doubt that the pie will be apparent in a muc
more rapid advance in the material development of these
Colonies, which have rans ud almost entirely dependent
on trade in native and forest products, and m" devoted little
attention to the systematic vultbeiiot of the so
DLXXXIIL—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
MR. LOUIS GENTIL, a member of the gardening staff of the
Royal Gardens, has been appointed by the Government of the
Congo Free State to the post of Agricultural Expert. He leaves for
Africa in October.
Botanical Magazine for September.— Plates 7552 and 7553 are given
oa new species of Scheelea, described as S. kewensis. It is a native
of tropical Remi wena = = eee cavad i in the Royal Gardens
for many years the ong n of Maximiliana regia.
The plant is now 75 feet high, site pue for the first and only
time in 1895. Other plants drawn are Cirrhopetalum Curtisti,
Helianthus giganteus, and Veronica balfouriana. The Cirrhope-
talum is also a new species, having been sent to Kew by Mr. C.
Curtis, F.L.S., of Penang. It is allied to C. Büsbür ghi and
C. concinnum, both of which are figured in Hooker’s Re
Plantarum, plates 10574 and 2060B. The Helianthus is ery
old ionge , being mentioned in botanical works publis hed eM the
end of the seventeenth century. he specimen figured was
supplied by A. B. Freeman Mitford, Esq., C.B., from his fine
garden at Batsford Park, Gloucestershire. The New Zealand
Veronica is the third new "plant published in this number of the
Magazine. It approaches V. bei A ee 6390), differing
somewhat in habit, and having longer The specimen
figured was grown in Sir J. D. Hooker’s ania i —
Victoria regia.—A new variety of this fine water-lily has been
grown at Kew this year. lt was raised from seeds received from
Fr . Dreer, nurseryman, Philadelphia. It differs from all
six o'clock. It ~ Sle a with extraordinary vigour. and flowers
more freely than A second plant sent from Kew to
the Royal fo yA ea Glasnevin, has shown the same
Guatattrigen.
` New Wing of Temperate House.—Kew is well supplied with
accommodation for nus requiring the temperature of the stove
and cool greenhouse, but has long wanted an * intermediate
house of larger aia ckistots than the Dons vltols (No. IV.).
been supplied by the erection of the South Wing of
the Tompetide House. It was included in the original design by
334
Decimus Burton, the — of which was commenced in
1860. The octagons were finished in 1861, and the centre block
in 1862. The two vins acad Urs mci although the raised
terrace had been prepared for
This important addition ^m a quali ecured in great measure
by the exertions of the Right Honourable Joseph Chamberlain,
Secretary of State for the Colonies. It is intended to devote it
mainly to large specimens of economic plants, such as the Mango,
Guava, Cinchona, Sisal Hemp, &c. The construction is com-
posite ; the steel part are supported on cast-iron columns;
the sashes and frames are of wood. The interna] dimensions are
112 ft. 6 ins. by 62 ft. 6 ins. The height of the centre is 38 ft;
past of ove side aisles 27 ft. 6 ins. The whole of the plants are
n beds, the total area of which is 4,842 square feet. The
Bikey area is divided into four of these, each 41 ft. by 15 ft. 8 ins.
Others, 7 ft. wide, run all round the sides and ends of the house.
A du system of subsoil drainage has been provided
throu
In e qo block Australian Jogo is ig D ed the
South Wing will have largely a Mex character. At the south
end this is emphasized by two re “af rockwork which have
been planted with Agaves, Opuntias, and Cereus. With these are
associated the Old World Eupho rbias and Aloes of corresponding
habit. Alongthe centre path is an avenue of Cocos plumosa. Other
forms which will be found are Erythea armata, Howea belmoreand,
Pseudophenix Sargentii, Geonoma gracilis, Chamedorea elatior,
Onryedlidoe arpus lutescens, etc. With these are intermixe
a large number of interesting flowering shrubs, such as Lager-
stremia, Mackaya, Erythrina, Blakea, Alberta, Yisulia, etc., for
the proper cultivation of which Kew has hi therto been una able to
provide the proper conditions. It is intended to proceed at once
with the erection of the North Wing, for which a vote on account
has already been taken. It is proposed to devote this principally
to Himalayan plants.
ith
supplying water from the Thames for the Botanic Garden.
1853 the fuosinitii in the ate was made. About 1855 the pumping
station was removed to near Kew Pa e With the growth e
engin - house in mee ans ure grounds was built to pump the water
from the lake. In 186 the present water-works were con-
structed 4 the tidal water enters the lake from the river, and after
high pressure over the grounds, and is also laid on to the Museums,
Herbarium, and the Crown property.
335
For some time this arrangement provided an Meu supply
of water for the needs of the establishment. But in recent years
it is notorious that the Thames has undergone a considerable
change. From various causes "x. has oe some of the features
f a torrent. Often in flood winter, it is frequently in the
neighbourhood of maw almost mind in siii except when filled
by the tide. The tidal wave is more rapid and often short, and it
is now difficult to secure à sufficient supply to fill the Jake on
which the whole system of pets supply depends. The first step
to remedy this state of things was to make, in 1887, a four-foot
culvert calculated to admit at one tide four times the amount of
water previously taken in. But the emptiness of the bed of the
river during the summer Punti had another and unforeseen effect.
he
ere
ean be little doubt that the vinim de level of the ground-water has
of late years considerably fallen. The effect manifests itself in
many ways during dry summers. The older trees suffer severely,
and many which have succumbed have had, in consequence, to be
removed. The turf and shrubberies have suffered still more, and
can only be kept in a tolerable rare. E incessant and copious ~
watering. A large extension of the of water-supply had
therefore become absolutely bdo Cy "t the attractions of Kew
as a garden were not to be destroyed, and the unique collections of
dam mage. The
a
the employment of discharged s soldiers duri ring the of
1891-4. The mud was spread on the wg: of turf. B ‘their
great a The next was to increase the pumping pow
and this was accomplished by the minaret in 1895, of a triple:
expansion pumping engine auxiliary to the compound steam-
engine erected in 1864. It was followed by the laying down of a
complete system of service pipes throughout the neue A
This has been distributed over the past three years and isn
completed. At the same time all the hydrants wid dici fitted
with a uniform screw, so that the hose and other apparatus are
e where ap ce endi The multiplication of stand-pipes
will eventually 1 ead to considerable economy by saving the wear
and tear inseparable from the use of india -rubber hose in great
lengths.
The water-works in the Royal Gardens were connected ber
the reservoir in Richmond Park by a single seven-inch main, la
down in 1868. This had, owing to the strain of the qoute
purpose it served, shown signs of givin ig way, a state of things
which might have ‘caused grave inconvenience, and, in the event
of fire, serious disast
During the past is a second nine-inch main, two-and-a-half
miles long, has been successfully laid. As this had to carried
under the line of the London and South-Western Railway, the
operation was attended with considerable difficulty. It was, how
ever, successfully accomplished by Messrs Simpson and Co., (nder
the superintendence of Mr. J. Allen, the Assistant Clerk of the
Works. The old main is now only used for the distribution of
y es dias service pipes.
€
336
It is further uri to duplicate the filter-beds. "The sand in
these requires to be washed periodically, and during this operation
the water-supply is either curtailed or altogether in abeyance.
e
Finally, i E i doubt be necessary ultimately to enlarge the
reservoir in “Rie ond Park so as to maintain a more copious head
o Nose in Saar of great d ooghi, such as have been recently
experienced.
These partieilurs are put on record because, probably, few of
the visitors to Kew realise the anxiety and expense which, in this
and other matters, the maintenance of a great garden imposes on
those who have the care of it.
Chinese Bandoline Wood.—The origin of this curious product, of
which a specimen has long been in the Museum of the Royal
Gardens, has always been a puzzle.
havings of the wood yield a mucilage, when soaked in water,
which is used by Chinese ladies in “ bandolining” their hair.
Dr. E. Bretschneider (Notes on some Botanical Questions con-
nected with the Export Trade of China, 1880, p. 14) mentions the
. Playfair, Esq., H.B.M. Consul at Ningpo, sent to Kew specimens
in leaf of a tree, called “tiao chang,” which he had collected in the
mountains near Ningpo, with the information that shavings of
women of that part of China. These specimens were identified
z Machilus Thunbergii, Sieb. et Zucc., and flow t ing specimens
set a ibd received from the same gentleman confirmed the
identifica tion. Mr. Playfair further adds, on “the authority of
énry, that the Canton shavings are from the same tree.
The species is a native of Hong Kon aes and DE westward
to Szechuan, in China ; also of Formosa, Japan, and the Corean
Archipelago. Owing to the interest stehne to. the identification,
ae ey has been figured in Hooker’s Icones Plantarum,
The following — from Mr. Playfair gives some
further particulars
H.M. Consulate, Ningpo,
March 2 1896.
My DEAR MR. THISELTON-DYER,
PLEASE do not retain any doubt at all about the identity of the
specimen I sent you of atiicling Thunbergit with the Chehkiang
tree, but there is no dus that what I sent Yol does have a
glutinous juice, for I tested the vd bci thoroughly before
sending the eol piece. My en specimen was about 12 feet
long, and the branch measured “quite in inches in Sek in
337
used by the Ningpo women are procured locally. It is possible
that the Canton shavings may be produced by a similar tree, but
I cannot vouch for it. I will procure fruiting and flo owerin g
specimens this year, if possible, but the nearest tree I know of is
a long way off.
Yours sincerely,
(Signed) G. M. H. PLAYFAIR.
Stooling of gutta percha.—The question whether the tree
yielding gutta percha (Dichopsis Gutta, Benth.,) will prounoo
shoots from the stump after the tree has been felled is of so
practical gutem It appears now to have been Sosa p
in the affirmativ
EXTRACT ‘cee letter from Director, Gardens and Forest
Department, Singapore, dated July 3, 1897.
Re Prof. Ramsay’s letter about apto i of *Getah percha.” The
tree always o comes up again when cut down. It can be cut to
Were it not for this there would hardly be a single specimen in
ko country. It grows slowly in this manner, but never fails to
up aga
ST isa vay t troublesome plant to propagate by cuttings, but this
can be don
Argentine palm kernels—The palm-kernels to which the
following communication relates, were identified at Kew as those
of Acrocomia sclerocarpa. This is known as the Gru or Macaw
alm, It isa native of Jamaica and otio West India islands, and of
South America from Brazil southwards. The nuts do not hitherto
appear to have been turned to any use, though their shell, which
is very hard, has been sometimes used for carving.
African Association, Limited.
35a, Castle Street, Laces
DEAR SIR, ^ n
My Board instruct me to ask the favour of some Lp ee
from your department in regard to a considerable quantity of
kernels lately arrived at this port from the Argentine atic.
They are informed that a very large tract of country produces the
ri
y desirous to get what information they can in respect to
this new competing product Can you for their information be
so kind as to say, is the palm of the Argentine region a true oil-
palm, and would the fruit or kernel of this palm be likely to
compare closely, or differ considerably in oily product, from that
in which this Company is interested.
Yours faithfully,
(Signed) J. HAMPDEN JACKSON,
Secretary.
The Director,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
338.
Asclepias curassavica as an insectifuge.—The use of this plant for:
the purposes described in the following communication appears to
be unrecorded :—
Rostherne, Red Hill, Surrey,
July 21, 1897.
Miss Manning would be greatly obliged if the DNE would
tell her what the enclosed plant is. It grows everywhere, as a
weed, about the Isthmus of Tehauntepec (Southern. Mexico), and
is used by the Indians there to keep away vermin, especially
fleas. Miss Manning's friends in Mexico have tried it, and found
it most suecessful. They make a rough broom of it, and sweep
the floors and walls of their huts, and find that they are not
troubled with fleas for a considerable time afterwards. They
have tried brushing dogs with it be n their coats are full of
vermin, and it appears to answer the same parpose with them.
The Indian name of the plant is “ Chilpati
Osiers from Madeira.—The decay of osier cultivation in this
country has been discussed in the Kew Bulletin (1896, pp. 140—143).
Asinthe case of vegetables (K. B , 1894, Pp. 219- cde 1895, pp.
207-315) it seems often cheaper to import than to grow. But
considering how easily osiers may be cultivated on bed unsuitable
or any other crop, it seems strange that basket makers in the
East of London should have to go to Madeira for their materials.
WICKERWORK.—This industry has lately been started in the
Kast-end of London, and considerable quantities are made in the
blind and deaf and dumb institutions throughout the United
Kingdom ; in consequence of this a fairly large and increasing
export trade is being done in the “osiers,” of which the wickerwork
is made.
The r grown in Madeira is Salix ee They are
chiefly Ko at the north side of the island, as they thrive to
gl ems on the wet portions of land in eeinity to the
*ribeiros," or mountain streams, which overflow their banks
duh the late autumn and winter months.
F. O. 1897. Annual Series, No. 1871. Report for the Year 1896
on the Trade of Madeira, p. 4.)
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
No. 131.] NOVEMBER. (1897.
DLXXXIV.—WEST INDIA ROYAL COMMISSION.
THE terms of the UU QUA of the Royal Commission
appointed to inquire into the condition and prospects of the
West India Colonies were focided in the Kew Bulletin for this
year (p. 109.) The Commission accomplished its task and issued
its report in the course of last autumn. It has been thought desirable
Commissio to e m à r
circulation than will be reached by the more bulky EI: in
which they are contained. It has not been thought necessary to
include the seed formal portions of the report or those aeret to
the sugar question, on which the Commission was not unanimous.
The Soelas at which the Commissioners arrived as to the
nibissf resources and possibilities of future development of the
West Indies have long been known at Kew, where they have for
a
power, Kew, with varying Pure. has endeavoured to prepare for
it by such scmódiál expedients as were possible. But the part of
Cassandra is never grateful. The term of office of a Colonial
Governor is brief, and there are few ies Bee or perhaps have e
power, to adopt more than an opportunist policy. New industri
can only be built up beria and the well conceived plins of one
Governor do not always commend themselves to his successor,
It is certain, however, that in work of this kind no permanent
progress can be reached without patient and long-sustained effort.
The Commissioners appended to their report a memorandum
by the Assistant-Director, who accompanied the Commission as
“expert adviser in botanical and agricultural questions,” on the
“agricultural resources and de eben of British Guiana and
the West India Islands." In accordance with the wish of the
' of State that this boda be issued in a more convenient
form, it will be printed as an additional volume of the Kew
Bulletin.
14687—1375—9/97 Wt6l D&S 29 A
k
340
‘COLONIAL OFFICE to the TREASURY.
Downing Street,
Sir, November 9th, 1896.
REPRESENTATIONS continue to reach Mr. Secretary Cham-
berlain giving cause for increasing disquietude as to the = eia
of certain West Indian and other B cvm d Colon
2. The Lords ee of the Treasury are ae that
the price of suga open markets has for some time past been
affected by VEM EDNY Ra. caused both directly by the
bounties given by some European Governments and indirectly by
the effect of those bounties in stimulating an enormous produc-
tion in advance of effective demand.
Early in the year 1895 it was judged necessary by the
Marquess of Ripon to sanction special remissions m taxation on
sugar estates in Ta h Guiana, Trinidad, and the Leeward
n consequence of the evidence laid Pon. him of the
critical "position of this industry. In the course of that year very
urgent petitions and memorials were addressed to the Secretary
of State sie practically all the Colonies affected, through their
Chambers of Commerce and other association s, making positive
Um as to the distbteóus effect of the mida trade in the
abandonment of estates and the disorganisation of industry.
i p he
w
Governors. In November, 1895, Mr. Uhütiberala n was addressed
by a very large and representative deputation on behalf of the
West India sugar industry, and the commercial and engineering
interests associated with it "SS desired that he should recom-
end Her Majesty's Government to take active steps against the
"Ear sugar bounties as the only means of saving the West
Indian Colonies zm ruin. A report of the proceedings on this
occasion is enclose
n the s. ot ‘Angus last the amounts of the bounties offered
by ‘the Gov of Germany and Austria-Hungary were
apibertinately Müdblód: and a Bill has been prepared, and will
probably be adopted in France, to raise the bounties in that
country p sog ri although it is computed that they are
even now equivalent to a grant of £3 5s. per ton. The new
German rates are from Is. 3d. to ls. 9d. per ewt., or 25s. to 35s.
per ton.
5. The prospect created by the announcement of these increased
rates caused a renewed fall of about £3 per ton in the market
price of sugar, and o resulted in a fresh series of memorials to
the Secretary of State, and in a stimulus to the tendency to
abandon the Bain of estates. Announcements of the inten-
tion to do this, and warnings as to the serious consequences that
may be expected, are reaching Mr. Chamberlain from most of the
Colonies affected.
6. These facts are very briefly recapitulated without detail,
which would be superfluous in viow of the position which Mr.
Chamberlain has so far been forced to maintain towards all such
representations, namely, that Her Majesty's Government do not
see their way to take any effectual or active steps whatever to
countervail the operation of the Bounties,
P
= 84l
7. Until recently it appeared not impossible — the Continental
Bounties might be spontaneously wit thdrawn, or that the over-
natural manner by the collapse of unprofitable businesses. These
nee are adjourned by the increase in the Bounties above
ferred t
8. Mr. Chamberlain feels that he cannot any longer disregard
indications which are arising in the administrative purview of
this Department of dfe liabilities and difficulties which
the Colonies will not be able to meet unaided.
9. At the end of the year 1895 there were deficits in Antigua
and St. Kitts of upwards of £26,000 and £16,000 respaci velis and
notwithstanding an unusually eee sugar crop in those islands,
an increase in the rates of taxation, it is expected that these
deficits will be increased during the current year. The pop es
are almost entirely dependent on the sugar estates, and it is
represented that estates are being abandoned. ere were is
in St. Kitts this spring pio. from the reduction of wages on the
sugar estates, and if there is any serion lack of employment a
may be ected. e Windwa
slands have during 1895 and 1896, notwithstanding severe
retrenchment and the increase of taxation until the point of
inelasticity has been reached, fallen into a eee of insolvency
which c r. C hamberlain to apply to the Lords Commis-
sioners for an iun gente as to which another letter
will be addressed to you. The Lords Commissioners will recollect
thatin the letter from this a inta of the 15th of August last,
in which Mr. Chamberlain applied for assistance in the promotion
of subsidiary industries, which the Lords Commissioners decided
not to grant, the possibility that such an appeal might become
necessary was foreshadowed. The abandonment of the majority
of the sugar estates in St, Vincent has been definitely announced,
ded The Government of Barbados has been passing through
vere financial difficulties, involving reductions of the cost of
tablishments. "The effect of the abandonment of estates in this
iden would be particularly grave and would necessitate assisted
emigration
ll. With regard to some of these Colonies there may be reason
to think that improvements in manufacture have been neglected,
re,
nevertheless, cultivation is being reduced, nor in British Guiana,
where it is being reduced with very serious ede et involving
the loss of aol capital invested in expensive mac
12, This process has a special significance in the we last-named
Colonies, the Governments of which are responsible for many
thousands of coolie immigrants, which they are liable to be called
upon, under contract, to repatriate. If sugar cultivation, for
itable, and in
bados w
tration, ede would be unable to provide for their repatriation
14687 A2
342
in the one pnt and for their support or emigration in the other
case. The circumstances of Antigua, St. Kitts and Nevis are
analogous on à gem scale.
13. The special danger which appears in the outlook in the
Colonies thus dependent on sugar lies in uw M that this industry
employs far more labour to the acre than any possi a wibentute,
and that no substitute is immediately steilabie ; that Ys revenue
depends directly on the industry, and that the administrations
are, therefore, liable to be Tilátiblalts crippled just when there is
the greatest strain upon them, and that any general failure of
i ot
immediate rioting, at least a very dangerous and unstable
situation, in which more efficient police arrangements than exist
in the majority oí of the ceci and possibly the presence of troops
or ships of war may be necessary to maintain order.
d paui wlantetton- turbines involving a large number
of casualties has been reported from British Guiana by last
mail.
15. It must also be borne in mind that the Colonial banking
establishments in the West Indies are considerably involved in
the sugar industry, and that a collapse o of that aiy would be
likely to bring about a financial crisis, the gravity of “which and
?
the Sugar Bounties Convention was hot Ded. It has now, in
view of further developments, become a question whether the
continued enjoyment of this advantage does not involve the ruin
of the British sugar-producing Colonies, and, if so, what this
prospect further implies, both as regards the social future of such
. Oolonies and in claims for Imperial expenditure which it will
not be possible to resis
. The position of affairs being ^x indicated, Mr. Chamberlain
not prepared, as Secretary of State for the Colonies, to accept
the responsi ibilility of allowing mikaa to take their course and to
acquiesce in the policy of non-intervention hitherto pursued in
West "m toner as early as can be arranged, so as to investigate in
es oce ——— ie their portion has improved or
n the last ten years, and the causes involved ;
- are vein the state and. imas of the sugar industry,
3
343
and of any alternative industries existing or possible to be
established - what has been the course of, and what causes have
affected, the pice xu roue dá of the Governments of late
years ; what $ the condition and temper of the negro and coolie
populations ; add what line of tud éd development it is likely
that these populations may follow bts feo in the event of
the extensive abandonment of su
19. There are xd particulars of reper subsidiary to ires
main heads which would come within the scope of suc
Commission ; the segs terms of "hifateligo may be dolar Add
if the appointment of the Commission is decided upon
20. Mr. Chamberlain desires me to request that you "will move
the Lords Commissioners to give their serious consideration to
this proposal, which has not been made without mature delibera-
tion on a long succession of circumstances conducing to suggest
its necessity. As it would be important that the Commission, if
appointed, should start for the West Indies without delay and
proceed as expeditiously as possible with the proposed investiga-
d if the Lords
d report, . Cham
Commissioners will favour him with an early intimation as to
whether they agree to the principle of the inquiry he proposes.
am, &c.,
EDWARD WINGFIELD.
SECRETARY of STATE for the COLONIES to SIR H. W. NORMAN,
Downing Street,
SIR, December 29, 1896.
I HAVE the honour to transmit to you the Queen's Com:
mission appointing yourself, eri Edward Grey, Bart, M.P., and
Sir David Barbour, K.C.S.L., to be Commissioners to inquire into
the conditions wed ‘prospects of the sugar-growing Colonies in oe
West Indies, and tt Mr. Sydney Olivier, B.A., t
secretary to the Comm
I have also the Mébodk ves inform you that the Queen has been
pleased to approve of Daniel Morris, Esq., D.Sc., C.M.G., Assistant-
Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, accompanying the Commis-
sion as expert adviser in botanical and agricultural questions.
I have to request that you will be good enough to cause the
necessary steps to be taken for carrying we effect Her Majesty's
commands contained in the — Com n.
A separate letter is being addre "erg to you, indicating the
points to which Her Majesty's Doreen wish the inquiry to
be specially directed
] have, &c.
J. CHAMBERLAIN,
SECRETARY of STATE for the COLONIES to SIR H. W. NORMAN,
Dow Street,
January 5, 1897.
n reference to my letter of the 29th of December, accom-
panying the Royal Commission appointing you and Sir David
Barbour and Sir Edward Grey Commissioners to inquire into the
544
present condition our future prospects of the D E
Colonies in the t Indies, and to suggest such m res as
appear to you best fedir to restore and maintain the propor
of those Colonies, and their inhabitants, I have thought it desirable
to state more fully than is expressed in the terms of the Commis-
sion some of the points to which Her Many s Government
would p the inquiry to be directed.
2. In view of the representations referred to in the preamble of
and
necessary to dboortefh hir are the causes of the present —
of that industry whether they are temporary.or perm nent ;
whether they include matters independent of the oxitmetiuton of
sugar produced under the e Bounty system, such as extravagance in
management, imperfection in the processes of manufacture, in-
adequate supervision consequent on absentee ownership, and, if
so, whether the removal of these causes would enable it to be
carried on profitably notwithstanding such competition
3. A further subject of the — would be whether in the
event of the production of sugar in these Colonies being dis-
8
branch of the inquiry you will, no doubt, derive valuable assist-
ance from Dr. Morris.
4. It is also of great importance to ascertain what effect the
total or partial extinetion of the sugar industry would be likely
to have upon the condition of the labouring classes and upon the
revenue of the Colonies concerned, and whether any loss of
revenue could be to any material extent met by reduction of
public expenditure, and whether those Colonies would be able to
provide the necessary cost of administration, including the relief
of unemployed and Anae E n persons — subvention from
the mother country. If it appears that such subventions will
be necessary, Her Majesty
furnished with your opinions as to their probable amount.
5. I trust that the Commissioners will find it possible to com-
plete their i inquiry in the Colonies within a period not exceeding
four months, and in order to facilitate their movements from the
different Colonies I have obtained the consent of the Lords Com-
missioners of the ee to place a gunboat at their service.
i ave, &c.
J; CHAMBERLAIN.
345
PART
ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE WEST INDIA
COLONIES.
10. Your Majesty's possessions with which we have to deal in
the present eren are all peus within the tropics, and extend
from British Guiana in th uth-east to Jamaica in the north-
west, through 1 20 “degrees of Togi de dhia 15 of latitude. Tbe
stating that a journey from British Guiana to Jamaica by the mail
route occupies eight days, allowing for the present detention of
two pres at Barbados
11. The Colonies may, a a whole, be described as eminently
suited, pA by climate and i, for the growth of special tropical
products, such as sugar-cane, cocoa, coffee, logwood, nutmegs, and
various descriptions of fruit, of which the most important are
bananas, oranges, cocoa-nuts, and -pine-apples.
2. In some of the Islands cattle and horses can be profitably
reared, but the raising of stock is never likely to be of more than
local importance. There are extensive savannahs in the interior of
British Guiana, which are said to be well suited for this purpose,
but they cannot be utilised until means of access from the coast
are provided.
13. There is no prospect of manufacturing industries being
established on any Seco rni cale. Nor is there any mine
wealth of importance kno to exist, with the exception of
asphalt, which is obtsbaed: teeta the well-known Pitch Lake of
Trinidad, and the gold which has been re ge in considerable
quantities from British Guiana in recent
. Owing to the nature of the soil and ET such articles of
human food as are yielded by cultivation in the tropics can, as a
rule, be readily produced in large er and there is conse-
quently no noe of any permanent deficiency of the bare
necessaries of existence for the labouring classes. For this class
0:
food which can only be produced in temperate climates, and for
manufactured poi including clothes, and, generally, for the
purchase of import of any kind, ote ensi s West Indian
ns are de Hed ndent on being able find a profitable
foreign market for the special tropical "reducta which we have
mentioned in paragrap . It is, moreover, onl of
such an export trade that the population can be maintained ia
such a condition of qe as will permit of sufficient revenue
being raised to meet the cost of a civilised Government.
15. The only Qualification of this general statement regarding
the importance to the British Mes Indies of the e oe ort trade in
agricultural products which we find it necessary to make has
reference to British Guiana, whats the production of Mcd gold
is already of considerable importance, and where operations are
being carried on for the extraction of gold from quartz reefs. The:
346
asphalt industry in Trinidad is not of such magnitude as to
support any considerable section t e popa Ama though it is a
valuable source of revenue to the ernm
16. We do not consider it ay to et at any length of the
economic history of the West dg rs seeing that the special
causes of the present depression have only begun seriously to
affect the sugar-producing Colonies Millia the last pese years.
l7. The prosperity of the West Indies in forme es was
mainly due to sugar and rum, and the production of. these com-
modities attained such dimensions as to dwarf, and, at one Uo.
almost to extinguish, every competing industry. For many years
t
profitable than it used to be, and the production for export of
such articles as hoa and fruit ha as made considerable progress in
"ee of the Islands.
18. The total value of iis sugar sois exported was about
three and a Pede million pounds sterling, the value of the sugar
being some 2,790,000/., of the rum 265,000/., and of the molasses
195,0007.
19. It will be seen that in most of Your Majesty’s possessions
in the West ui qe the A eee of the sugar-cane, though they
are now valued at prices which are much below those which
prevailed a few years ino * till Seg by far the larger portion of
the total Do of native produc
20. The gravity of the imediate danger to the welfare of
each Colony which would arise from a failure of the sugar-cane
industry may, for practical purposes, be measured by the propor-
tion which the exports * sugar, rum, and molasses bear to the
total exports of that Colo
21. In such an event the ‘welfare of each Colony would in the
long run, however, depend on the extent to which à might. be
found possible to establish shes industries
CONSEQUENCES OF A FAILURE OF THE SUGAR
INDUSTRY.
39. If such reduction or extinction of the industry occurs, and
if its place cannot be adequately filled by the substitution of other,
industries, the consequences are likely to be of a very serious
character.
40. The-immediate result would be a e want of s renti
for the labouring classes, and the rates of wages, which h
already fallen, would in all giro bubllity p^ still further seduced
The public revenue would fall off, and the Governments of som
of Your mes possessions would be unable to meet the
absolutely necessary public expenditure, cei interest on
debt, whilst additional outlay would have to be incurred in pro-
viding for the population by emigration or otherwise, and the
general standard of living would be reduced to a lamentable
extent in every Colony which is largely dependent on sugar.
41. The Islands which are likely to suffer most in such a con-
tingency are Barbados, St. Vincent, Antigua, St. Kitts-Nevis,
| M ntserrat, and probably St. Lucia; but none of them would
*
347
escape, except Grenada. British Guiana would also suffer se E
and the problem to be dealt with in am Colony might pro
one of exceptional difficulty. Jamaica and Trinidad ^h other
resources, and the export i — crane Deieiiees has already
been largely reduced, and now con ntributes less than one-sixth of
the value of the total pau frati that island.
. In British Guiana and Trinidad the necessity for keeping
faith with the East?Indian immigrants, and of repatriating those
of them who had a right to a free passage to India, and wished to
take advantage of that right, might involve a large expenditure,
which under the circumstances must fall upon the publie funds,
:
The present condition of such an Island as Tobago illus-
trates the serious character of the economic and administrative
he
t
exports of sigit from Tobago have already decreased very much.
The resident population manages to live, but a consi iderable pro-
on the cheapest and simplest form of government. New roads
cannot be made, and even those that already exist cannot be kept
in proper repair out of the revenue.
FUTURE OF THE SUGAR INDUSTRY.
107. The conclusions with regard to the sugar industry at which
we have so far arrived may be summed up as follows :—
There is, at present, no prospect of any considerable and per-
manent rise in the price of sugar in the ordinary rse of events.
The effect which the imposition of countervailing duties on the
import of bounty- fed sugar into the United Kingdom would have
upon price is uncertain, and, for reasons which we have stated, we
are unable to nde such imposition or the dicta of a bounty
on West Indian
The cost of iod: sugar in those portions of the West
Indies whores the old processes of manufacture are still followed
could in many l aces b. reduced by the introduction, at a con-
siderable cost, of new machinery, but the prospect of profit is not
puch m to induce capitalists Sate to supply the necessary
xem
is possible that is varieties of sugar-cane may be
Via d, but, in no is any such discovery likely to be
made in sv ufficient time do "ihsterially alleviate the erbe dis-
eid condition of the industry.
Some disadv vantage is imposed on the producers of rum by the
Imperial surtax on im ported spirits.
A onies Aids piers is not a cause of the present depression, and
the extension of resident ownership of estates would not
alley improve the prospects of the industry.
W and salaries have already been reduced, and no further
economy can be étrpeuied in respect of them.
348
08. We feel some hesitation in expressing a positive opinion
regarding ne future of such an industry as any of the production
of sugar, which is liable to be affected b many unforeseen
influence X economic and others, but on a full UBER of the
circumstances of the sugar industry in the West Indies we are
driven to the conclusion that there is no ponen of the present
area of cultivation being med, Where the conditions for
the production of sugar are favourable, and ei latest processes
have been adopted, and tlie as nde: introduced, we believe
that some West Indian sugar estates may, even at present prices,
continue to show a su rom of receipts over workin ng expenses,
but that surplus will not, in our opinion, be sufficient in all cases,
after providing for detcetoration. and for the results of exception-
ally , Ws vourable seasons, to yield the ordinary market rate of
n the capital involved in the estates. Under present con-
r
"E
.Q
er?
already begun, a na i in dek cases, a failure to renew the mac inery
as it wears out on 'estates ipe a now well equipped, followed in
time by a similar abandonme
109. There is every reason a believe that a very serious con-
dition of things is rapidly appro aching in Your Ma ajesty’ s West
Indian possessions, and that the crisis will be reached in a very
hav
ny
tes, where such decision is taken, work is not likely to cease
altogether until the growing crop and the ensuing ratoon crop, o
afte ecd wth of the canes, have been manufactured. Wher
however, the owners of estates depend on loans for the Mee
on of pe riim the collapse of the credit of the industry may
result, in some instances, in the sudden cessation of all employ-
ment upon such estates.
10. It is also material to add that the exceptionally favour-
€: season, which some of the Colonies have re cently experienced,
to
may be that no industry, or series of indu ustries, can
be introduced into the West Indies which will ever complete
beginning of substituting other industries for the cultivation of
the sugar-ca
SYSTEM OF PEASANT PROPRIETORS
112, If the sugar estates are thrown out of cultivation, it is
extremely improbable, and, in fact, it may be stated to be im-
possible, that any industry to be condueted on large aioi can
ever completely take its place, we have therefore no choice
but to consider how means can be found to enable the mass
of the population to support ieme in other ways than as
349
labourers on estates. If work cannot be found for the labour-
ng
i ion on estates, they must either emigrate or support
themselves by cultivating small plots of land th
account. No large industry, other than agriculture, offers any
prospect of success, except possibly the gold industry in British
uiana, and when large estates cannot be profitably worked
the adoption of the system of cultivation by petty proprietors
is inevitable.
113. The labouring PR in the West Indies is mainly
of negro blood, but “ther is also, in some of the Colonies, a
strong body of "Fast Thi immigrants, e the descendants of
such immigrants. The negro is an efficient la espai pore
hen he receives good wages. He is disignlitied. $ nuous
the future, E rily good-humoured, but excitable and
difficult to manage, especially in large numbers, when his
temper is arouse iod.
114. The East Indian immigrant, ordinarily known as the
coolie, is not so strong a workman, but he is a steadier and
more reliable labourer. He is economical in his habits, is fond
of saving money, and will turn his hand to anything by which
he can improve his position.
115. The cultivation of the sugar-cane has been almost entirely
carried on in the past on large estates, but both the negro and the
coolie like to own small pat tches of land by which they may make
iens ea sp and take a pride in their position as landholders,
ugh in some cases they also labour at times on the larger
tes a are generally glad to have the opportunity of earn-
ing money occasionally by working on such estates, and on the
construction and maintenance of roads and other public works.
The existence of a class of small proprietors among the popula-
tion is a source of both economic and political strength.
116. The settlement of the labourer on the land has not, asa
rule, been viewed with favour in the past by the persons interested
in sugar estates. What suited them best was a large rn] of
labourers, entirely dependent on being able to find work on the
estates, and, consequently, subject to their eee and willing to
work at low rates of w wage i. But it seems to us that no reform
affords so good a prospect for the permanent weta in the future
of the West Indies as ^u settlement of the labouring population
on the land as small peasant proprietors ; and in.many places this
is the only means by which the population can in future be sup-
ported. The drawbacks to the system of peasant proprietors have
hitherto been their want of knowledge and care in cultivation, and
the habit of what is called predial larceny. The latter term is
applied to the theft of growing crops, which is said to be very
prevalent. We do not believe it will disappear until such
practices are universall condemned oy native public opinion,
which, unfortunately, does not appear to be the case at present,
and in ‘the meantime each Colony e ded vim the question as
850
may seem best. The small proprietors show some desire to im-
prove their modes of cultivation, and we shall have some sugges-
tions to make on this subjec
117. But whilst we think that the Governments of the different
ined under natural economic conditions. On the contrary, we
bes convinced that in many places they afford the best, and, some-
times, the TI rofitable means of cultivating certain product S,
and that it is not impossible for the two systems, of large estates
ánd peasant holdings, to exist side by side with mutual
advan
TN d must be recollected that the chief outside influence with
which the Governments of certain Colonies have ha reckon are
bos representatives of the sugar estates, that thes decks
uid that under pres conditions it is the s apila duty of Your
Majesty’s Government to see that the welfare of the kokoti
public is not sacrificed to the interests, or supposed interests, of a
small but influential minority which has vae means of enforc-
ing its wishes and bringing its claims to notice
ERE OF A DEPARTMENT As ECONOMIC
ANY IN THE WEST IND
118. The a work of cultivating new pele must be
left in the hands of private persons, whether owners of lar rge
estates or peasant ail ste but there -— certain directions in
which assistance can be given by the Sta
120. Your AC 8 West Indian T REE are, as a rule, not of
large nitrate and some of them, though possessing separate ad-
out any information as to what is bate done elsewhere. The
cultivator of one product is often quite ignorant of the best means
of cultivating any other, and does not know whether his soil ms
climate might be better adapted for something else
remarks have special reference to the small cultivators, but the ej
are not wholly inapplicable to persons interested in the larger
estates.
121. The botanical establishments in the larger es bap such
as Jamaica, Trinidad, and British Guiana, have already rendered
considerable assistance in improving agricultural inc asia, and
ri. are capable of being made increasingly useful in put respect.
n the Windward and Leeward Islands and Barbados, small estab-
lishments called botanic stations were established a fw w years ago
e advice of the Director of Kew Gardens, and the results,
rk not yet extensive, have been of a distinctly promising
character. It is evident that to grapple with the present circum-
gtances, there is god ired for the smaller islands a special public
anl
peanon, capable of dealing with all questions connected with
economic plants suitable for growth in tropical countries, and we
recommend the establishment of such a department, under which
should be placed the various botanic stations already in existence,
hese tae should be enlarged in their scope and character,
and be organised on the lines found so successful in MW In
the latter Colany it is admitted that intelligent and progressive
action in the direction of encouraging a diversity u industries
has produced most satisfactory results. To-achieve this result has
however, taken more than 20 years of persistent effort, and the
Government has spent more than 100, rs aa that period on
its botanical establishments. The depa nt has distributed
seeds and plants at nhia prices by means ot the dep office,
Government e iiri and coastal steam. serv it has supplied
mergi orally, or by means of bulletins, depict the culti-
vation of economic plants, and has encouraged the careful prepa-
ation of the produce by sending agricultural instructors on tour
through the Island to give lectures, demonstrations, and advice.
122. The Din department recommended for carrying on
similar work in the Windward and Leeward Islands should be
under the abire of a competent Imperial officer, whose duty it
would be to advise the Governors in regard to all matters
affecting the agricultural development of the islands. He would
take part in consultations with the object of improving agri-
cultural teaching in colleges and schools, and of training students
in agricultural pursuits, and would attend to the preparation of
suitable literature on agricultural subjects. The existing botanic
stations should be placed under his supervision, and the charge of
tanic
experimental caltivation of new plants to serve as an object
lesson to cultivators, and it would be prepared to give the latest
information to inquirers regarding economie products, and to
provide suitable men as agricultural instructors. To effect al
this will require funds entirely beyond the present resources of
the smaller islands. We are, therefore, of opinion that as the
necessity for such a depa visu is urgent, the eost should be
borne by the Imperial Excheque
123. The promising Rete work connected with raising
new varieties of canes, and increasing the production of sugar by
the use of manures and other means should receive special
attention. "The cost of some of this work would be a legitimate
extended, if found desirable, in "Trinidad and Jamaica. In
addition, the botanic stations in the Leeward and Windw
Islands, would maintain nurseries for the introduction of all new
and promising canes, and would undertake the nemorum "m
: : y
- 392
124. In ae with the question of introducing new industries
into the West Indian Colonies, or of extending existing industries,
it must be borne in mind that for many of the special products
of the West Indies Miet is only a limited demand. There is, for
example, a comparatively large market for coffee, but not for
such products as stieg or nutmegs, and if they yeh dero
sively grown in a number of the Islands they cease
‘to command a remunerative price. This has Sechs. pappan
in the case of arrowroot.
EDUCATION :—ELEMENTARY, AGRICULTURAL, AND
INDUSTRIAL.
125. In the course of our stay in the West Indies our attention
was frequently called to the question of the progress of general
education, and we obtained a considerable amount of information
on this subject. There me n a marked increase of expendi-
ture on this account in nt years, and, no doubt, the efforts
made for the wetenei di of alo nav been largely neran
The total expenditure on education amounted to about 95,0007.
1882, and to nearly 180,000/. in 1896, showing an increase of
about 90 percent. It may be hoped that in Jamaica and Grenada,
and probably in Trinidad also, it will not be found necessary, on
financial grounds, to curtail this ex penditure, but if the sugar
industry fails in British Guiana and in theislands not mentioned
above, the revenue may be quite unequal to the maintenance of
the whole of the existing schools
26. At the present time a system of training in agricultural
occupation is much needed. We think that some, at least, of the
botanie stations should have agricultural schools attached to them,
n m
part of the course of education in the public schools generally,
the Botanie Department would be in a position to render valuable
assistance
TE Agriculture, i in one form or another, must always be the
chief and the only great industry in the West Indies, us a system
of training in other industrial occupations, on a limited scale, is
desirable, and would be beneficial to the pe Nee
ESTABLISHMENT OF A TRADE IN FRUIT :—SHIPPING
FACILITIES,
128. There are good grounds for thinking that the West Indies
might profitably grow fruit for export in larger quantities than at
present. The fruit trade between Jamaica and New York has
already attained important dimensions, and it seems possible
that a similar trade might be established withisome of the other
Islands.
199. In time it might be found practicable to send fruit to the
London market. If this could be eae the gain to the whole of
the West Indies would be very great. We believe that the
opportunity of selling their fruit cheaply in London would be of
` 353
the greatest value, and there would be no risk of the trade being
interfered with by hostile ene If a number of steamers were
regularly employed in such a trade they bias no doubt, carry
British products to the West ieee on their return voyage, and
by the diversion to the United States of West Indian sugar and
of the Jamaica fruit exports.
130. The difficulty of establishing such a trade is due to the
fact that a considerable amount of capital would be required, and
that there would be serious risk of mistakes and loss whilst the
business was in the experimental sta age. At present there is only
the small local demand for fruit in most of the Islands, and
bun OUT fruit is neither grown in ee quantity nor of the
est qua
131. It cannot be expected ~~ — — of fruit should
be grown until there was an urance that vessels would be
forthcoming to convey it to market and good ground for believing
that it could be sold at a pro
132. On the other hand, it is oec that shipowners would
provide vessels for conveying the fruit to market until they were
satisfied that the fruit would be forthcoming and the fruit trade
permanent.
133. We think that the prospects of success are such that the
experiment should be tried. The Botanic Department, which we
ave recommended, should give instruction as to the be st means
i: cultivating the fruits that are likely to find a profitable market,
growth of such fruit. A subsidy might be bore for some years
to secure = ot en er of regular steam communication from
St. Vincent and Dominica to the Un ited States, with a view to
view, however, of the large expenditure which such an attempt
must involve, and of the cosines at present, of the result, we
do not recommend that any experiment should be — in the
first instance, beyond the limits we eem just indica
134. Representations were made to us that the eet Mail Steam
Packet Company, which receives a large annual subsidy for the
carriage of mails, contributed joinüs by the Imperial and "Colonial
he opinion is also prevalent that the voyage between England
and Barbados is unnecessarily protracted.
135. It lis questionable whether the Colonies in the present
state of their public finances can justifiably afford the high
subsidies they now pay for the sake of the present postal service
only, more especially as it might not be impossible to make other
more economical, if somewhat less efficient, arrangements.
136. We do not desire to recommend that the West India
mails should, after the expiration of the present contract, be sent
354
vid New York; but we think it well to point out that communi-
cation by this route would offer greater commercial advantages to
some of the Colonies than the present arrangements; and that
the time occupied in the transit of mails need not, in all cases,
be greater, and, in the case of Jamaica, would be less than now.
137. It will be sufficient for us to suggest that endeavours should
B
ade to ascertain, at a sufficiently early period, before the
service shall be conducted in a manner better adapted to the more
pressing needs of the Colonies in their present condition.
INTER-COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT
COLONIES.
138. It is of great importance that there should be cheap, regular
and frequent means of communication between the different
Islands. The want of such facilities was specially brought to our
notice in many of the Colonies.
importance at a time when many persons are likely to be thrown
out of employment in some of the Islands.
140. Various proposals have, we understand, been put forward,
and some experiments tried, for establishing such means of com-
munication, which have fallen through for lack of funds and from
other causes.
141. Without attempting to prescribe in detail the arrangements
that should be made for establishing easy communication by
steamers between the Colonies, we may indicate in general terms
the facilities which we recommend should be provided.
142. The Islands of Grenada and St. Vincent should be con-
nected with Trinidad and Barbados by a steam service, affording
facilities for the shipment of perishable produce and providing for
the transit of passengers at low rates of payment.
attended with some disadvantage, but the establishment of easy
communication between Barbados and all the other Islands of the
Windward group is of an importance which outweighs this
consideration.
44. Similar means of inter-communication are required in the
Leeward Islands, and these might be provided by arranging that
355
the steamer running from Barbados to St. Lucia should proceed
to Dominica, Montserrat, Antigua, Nevis, and St. Kitts, and return
within the week, after completing the circuit.
The maintenance of frequent communication between
Tobago and Trinidad is also desirable, and the present service
between these islands could be improved by arranging that the
steamer connecting Barbados and the Windward linge ioe s
Trinidad should call at Tobago, thus giving also direct means
transit between Barbados and Tobago, an object which appeared
desirable to some of the persons who gave evidence before us in
the latter Island.
6. The complete double service suggested could be carried
out by two steamers of moderate size, each running from Trinidad
to Antigua one week and from Antigua to Trinidad the next, so
as to give through communication between all the Islands by
à weekly service each way.
147. The subsidy required need not be of very large amount.
AGRICULTURAL BANKS AND STATE LOANS.
148. During our stay in the West Indies, the want of what was
called *cheap money" was frequently A dien brought to
our notice, and it was urged that private persons engaged in
agriculture should be enabled, by the eroe “of the State, to
obtain loans of money at a low rate of interest.
149. Owing to the small size and the isolation of many of the
Colonies, banking facilities are no doubt limited, and there is a
want of competition ; but the main cause of the inability of agri-
culturists to obtain loans, as well as of the high rates of interest
which are sometimes charged, appears to us to be the risk of loss
which is inseparable from business of di "epus especially in the
present distressed state of the sugar indust
150. We do not doubt that in some e. and under very
careful management, advances of money by the State, or on a State
guarantee, would be beneficial to mW eee but any system
of State loans, or a State guarantee, is so liable to be mismanaged,
and so likely to end in the loss of the money car, that we
hesitate to recommend = general Son
91. The owner of sugar estate who found himself in
them on very onerous an would no doubt be glad to obtain a
loan from the State at a moderate rate of interest, but we think it
would be unwise, in the present state of the sugar industry, to
engage the public resources in what would be a very risky
speculation.
152. The class of small cultivators who would be likely to take
advantage of such advances are, as the evidence given in Grenada
and elsewhere indicates, both open- Jing d and improvident :
they would readily take loans at a low rate of intact ; and they
would doubtless repay € money when the time came if they
were in a position to do but we greatly doubt whether they
would, as a body, make iiy special provision beforehand to enable
14687 B
356
them to repay it, or to guard against the ping nace
that might interfere to prevent them from paying.
perience of the different Colonies as regards the payment of dinh
taxes, and the payment of instalments ‘of the purchase money of
ro wn lands as they fall due, is not encouraging.
153. At the same time we are not prepared to say that under
special circumstances a Colony might not be justified in nre
agriculturists to obtain small loans at a low rate of interest to
assist them in improving their land, but we think it should
be left to the Governme nts immediately concerned to move in the
matter in the first instance, and that the risk of loss should be
borne by Tiao resoure eS, and should not be thrown on the
Imperial Excheque
PART II.
CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF THE SEVERAL
COLONIES
173. We have dealt in Part I. of our Report thas the general
condition 3 Your Majesty's West Indian B sis ons as a whole,
the prospects of the sugar industry, the c sequences of a failure
of that i ee and the measures to be Mdoptod in view of such
failure
174. In the present portion of the Report we propose to take
up the case of each Co neds separately, to state briefly its economic
condition and prospects, d the state of its finances ; to indicate
any modifications whieh must be made in our general proposals
nd Mis are of local rather than general applica
he agricultural capabilities and wants of each Colony
ise been dealt with by Dr. Morris in a series of separate reports
on British Guiana and Your Majesty’s West Indian Islands, and it
will not, therefore, be necessary for us to enter into the question
of the resources of each possession as fully as would otherwise
have been the case.
ii—BRITISH GUIANA.
176. ne ae a Georgetown, the capital of British oe
on the the 27th of January 1897, and left aga
on the pr Mean » the 6th of February. During five days ys of
and in other ways endeavoured to obtain a knowledge of the
condition of the Colony for the purposes of our Report. We
visited and inspected two important sugar estates, d held
conversations with many persons of much experience in the
Colon
177. British Guiana alone, of = egee sogar OE
Colonies in the West Indies, is situa the and of
America, and it is the most southerly of ^ those Gulcnieas Tt is
357
very much larger than all the eve West -e — =
together, and the land occupied by cane cultivation is all on
close to the coast, and lies so low that putris sea mp primes cal
a system of steam umping must be maintained. The greater
portion of the Colony, considerably more than 99 per cent., is
uncultivated and unoccupied, being either covered with forest or
consisting of grassy and swampy plains, known as savannahs.
178. The total area is officially estimated at 65,836,000 acres,
and the extent under sugar cane at 66, ur acres. The exports
consist almost entirely of sugar and g In addition to the
cane eultivation there is a considerable teeter of sok ee of
food for local consumption, and some attempts are being made
on a small scale to open up the Colony and to restore catdvélton
which formerly existed in parts of the interior along the rivers,
not far from the sea coast, but which has for many years been
abandone
179. The population at the time of the last Census in 1891 was
278,328, and is, no doubt, increasing. Of the population in 1891,
Europeans, other than Portu guese, were 4,588, Portuguese 12,166,
Aborigines 17,463, Africans 3,433, Black and Coloured 141 531,
and East Indians 105, 463.
180. The leading features of the Colony and its general
capabilities are fully described in the report of Dr. Morris.
From that t report, and from the evidence received by the Com-
mission, it is clear € lop Guiana is in the perilous position
of being dependen ingle agricultural industry, the produc-
tion of sugar, that pure being in a state of extreme depression
and threatened with possible extinction, whilst it is difficult to
see how it can revive or even be maintained under present
conditions.
181. The exports of sugar, molasses, and rum, which in the five
years 1881 to 1885 were valued at 12,038,6997., fell to 9,305,880/.
in the next five years, and in the five years 1891-92 t o 1895-96,
to 8,276,916/., or an average of 1,655,383/. per annum. But i in the
year of account, April 1895 to March 1896, the value of such
exports was only 1,183,000/., and in the calendar year 1896,
i ,000/., areis gold, was, in 1895-96, only 35,000/. The
export of gold, however, had increased in value from 3,000/. in
1882 to 450, 0007. in 1895-96.
182. The quantities of ria Der in the three periods just
referred to were, for 1881-85, 552,687 tons ; for 1886-91, 579,924 ;
and for 1891-92 to 1895-96, 547, 282 showing that the gross output
has been —Ü well maintained, notwithstanding the
great fall in v
183. The ficri which was ex 6007. in AN = to 602,7007.
in 1893-94, and fell to 588,200/. in 1894—95, o 567,700. i in
1895-96, and is understood to be still very doni falling off.
The e expenditure, which was 429,000/. in 1882, was in 1895-96
14687 B2
596,500. The debt is now nearly one million sterling, and the
charges for interest and sinking fund, which in 1882 were 14,271/.,
are now about 48,0007. a year.
184. The financial position of the Colony is, therefore, not
encouraging, and taxation under present circun istances can
hardly be increased. The Colony is certainly not in a position to
stand the strain of additional outlay, even for the relief of
distress or the opening up of ier communication with the
interior than now exists. 'lhe revenue depends chiefly on duties
of customs and excise, and may be expected to diminish seriously
as the purehasing power of the community falls off, owing to
reduced wages and loss of employment arising. from contraction
of the sugar cane cultivation.
189. The report of Dr. Morris shows as TER S Guiana
now depends on sugar products for nce of the
Colony, it is certain that under the Bon Tevéurable circu maaan
it must be a considerable number of years before other industries
could be so far extended as to give isse ei picta to the number
of people now employed on sugar estates or deriving their living
from the sugar industry. Inde ed it is hardly possible that all the
other industries in = Colony, apart € on he ch will be
etie Spoken of, could for many yea co roduce a
return i guy way Sal to that which M bed obi&ined from
8 ru
90. It w mum therefore, be most desirable in the ipse of
ihe Colony to maintain the production of suga well as to
encourage the cultivation of a products premieres by
Dr. Morris, which have been neglected in t Foremost
among these may be named rice, coffee, cocoa, fruits, and cocoa-
nuts, whilst something may be expected from todo to the
forests and from cattle raising.
191. Rice to the value of 180,0007. was imported in 1895-96 for
EE in Tg Colony. Rice of excellent quality is —
gro Brit Guiana, and every effort should be made
ation "odes all that is wanted of this article. Coffee ee
cocoa to the value of 7,560/. were also imported, though there is
no reason nnd the coffee and cocoa consumed should not also be
produced ther
192. The veld industry is deserving of special ean The
value of the gold exported since the year 1890 has been close
upon three mülóns "ee and although the piola is M
es than in 1893-94, when it was of the Mee : 510, dre
mounted in the course of the year chi e 0007
avy cost p Which the "planters c could not meet, an nd
local n a CE er
to be carried on in any | way at all worthy of à oue nation.
359
197. The evidence shows that already there is much poverty in
the Colony, especially in the Capital, among skilled artisans and
mechanics as well as among persons above the pats ores "ok
whom it ete probably be impossible to settle upon the
198. In British Guiana, indeed, as in some of the jus put
Indian Colonies, it is difficult to see how a crisis can be averted
and heavy demands on the mother country avoided, unless some-
thing can be done to save the sugar industry, or at all events to
prevent any early or sudden collapse. The very difficult
problem whether any general measures can be taken with the
ject of saving the industry, either by effectual action for the
abolition of the bounty system or by the imposition of counter-
vailing duties has been dealt with in the first part of this Report.
If any such measures are practicable they would need to be
applied promptly ; but in any case we wish to emphasise our
conviction that even if the sugar industry can be maintained it is
essential that the Government of British Guiana should do all in
settlers in agriculture, to employ scientific and experienced
mineralogists to survey and report on the gold fields, to provide
or the conservation and utilisation of the fo , and i e
way to oS the development of the industries indicated by
Dr. Morris.
200. It is, indeed, most satisfactory to find that so competent
judge as Dr. Morris —— that there is a possibility of British
Guiana becoming in course of time a very productive as well as a
very important dependency of the Empire, but no such result can
be expected for many years
201. To effect such dev élópiséht as seems possible in British
Guiana will, moreover, be a work for which resources will not be
readily forthcoming. New dadas X dg likely to succeed on
202. There can, therefore, be no aeons of the vital importance
to the Colony of ‘maintaining the sugar industry,. if possible, and
of giving every encouragement to the planters in their efforts to
do so. At the same time, if the sugar industry is maintained, the
Government must be very careful not to allow its influence to
retard the settlement and opening up of new lands, which have
hitherto been left aiie and undeveloped, partly owing to
the Pari of the Colony having hitherto been entirely concen-
rate F
203. E will he very difficult to provide funds for the necessities
of administration if a collapse of the sugar industry takes place
but considerable economies have been either carried out or
decided upon. No doubt other reductions could be made under
the pressure of circumstances, but these reductions would go
only a small way towards meeting the shrinkage of income and
the heavy additional charges which are inevitable if the sugar
industry dies out, and it might probably prove impossible to meet
360
existing charges of an obligatory character, among which interest
nsions, main niena ance ot the ) poor, and payment of
205. It is only just, non concluding these observations, to
say that the planters in Guiana have not been behindhand in
efforts to improve the cultivation and the yia cx of sugar,
and that their efforts have been attended with remarkable
success. The amount of sugar and rum produced has been well
maintained, and the cost of uet ore has been greatly reduced.
If it had not been for these efforts, and for an expenditure on
pred which during the last fifteen years has amounted to
1,307,500/., the sugar p must have practically succumbed.
The evidence given, the information obtained in various
ways, make it clear that t though estates have struggled on, and a
few have even made some slight profit, many of them cannot be
carried on at present prices, while a material fall would compel
the proprietors of most of them to cease cultivation
206. If such a crisis sev arise, and it may come very soon,
the Government could only be carried on even in the most
economical manner by the aid of subventions from the Imperial
Exchequer, and a very heavy charge would „Probably have to be
met for the repatriation of Indian coolies.
ii—BARBADOS.
208. We landed at Bridgetown, Sango. in the course of our
voyage to British Guiana, but did n n that occasion transact
any formal business We returned ee tha island on the morning
of the 16th of February, arriving from St. Vincent, and remained
until the afternoon of the 24th of the month. We took evidence
publicly for four days, hearing 39 witnesses, and also visited
various parts of the island and inspected several sugar w
2 e condition of Barbados is markedly different from that
of any sees Colony in the West Indies. It is very thickly
darem ated ; the area is 166 Biber OLE and the number. of
which the island can even under favourable circumstances
support.
210. The climate is healthy ; there are many white families,
umbering altogether some 20, 000 pow most of which have
for generations looked upon n Barbados s their home; and t
attachment of the inhabitants to the aaa and to the ‘traditions
of the past is exceedingly strong.
211. With so large a population the labour supply is abundant,
and though wages have lately been reduced, there have not
hitherto been any serious ipai difficulties. The island has been
settled for so long and so many — have piece side by
side, that a general understanding appears to have grown up of
the respective habits and requirements of ‘lifferent classes. This
361
circumstance and the density of the —€— are no doubt the
reasons why there are not in Barbados the complaints of the
supply, or of the efficiency, p labour, which are so frequent
elsewhere.
212. In Barbados there is substantially but one industry, one
product, and one export—that of sugar,—nor does the island appear
to be suited for the growth of nage coffee, cocoa, or fruit, on a
scale of any commercial (giock anc
213. The value of the total ege orts of the — of the
Colony in dut was 1001 0007, the value of sugar pesi,
exported being 993,000/. ; that of the total exports in 1890 w
1,041,000/., of Which sugar exports made up 1,032,000/.
214. In 1896, when the value of the exports had fallen, the
proportion contributed by the sugar industry remained about
the same ; the figures were then 577,000/. for the total exports
5 rts.
215. The quantity of sugar exported in 1882 was 49,458 tons,
in 1890, 76 ,/35 tons, pels the sateen amount recorded within this
period, and i n 1896, 44,460 t The crop in 1895 was very
seriously affected by drought pee disease, and in 1896 to some
extent by the latter caus
. There are no qus central sugar factories, the mills are
small and many of them primitive, a large proportion of them
e
muscovado. But the industry has hitherto survived under these
conditions, owing to the fact (1) that the manufacture of sugar
by the old peers is thoroughly well understood and the culti-
vation of the cane very carefully carried on ; (2) that there is an
abundant pma supply; and (3) that the soil produces a cane
containing juice of exceptional richness.
217. The ave rage net cost of production was given to us
as 8/. 12s. per ton, but, without going too closely into the accuracy
of such figures, it is certain that at present prices, and under
present conditions, the industry — hold its own, and a very
serious reduction of it is immine
It may be said, generally, that, whilst estates in favourable
situations with favourable seasons may just make a profit, even at
present prices, others are being worked ata loss. The estates in
Barbados are, as a rule, very heavily mortgaged, and advances for
carrying on cultivation are only to ad obtained Mae increasing
difficulty. Such advances are becoming more necessary every
year, as the working capital of the proprietors is ME Mori Any
additional ey: such as a bad season or two, would cause
eren disaster.
Were estates are now being carried on under the
Agricultural Aids Act, which makes money advanced for piden.
an estate a first char rge on the growing crop. The
Eg ias yearly in this way is increasing, and amounted to 100, "m
in
220. It must be borne in mind, when judging of the figures
given for the working of estates in S res that there was a con-
siderable rise in the price of sugar he early months of that
year. 'lhis rise was generally Rim ted to speculation ns
upon the great interference with production in Cuba. Whatever
362
its origin, itidid [^ last, but it did make the average price of sugar
higher in 1896 than it is at present, and enabled some estates to
show better eed for that year than they nd at existing
prices.
221. is usual in the West Indies, the public revenue is
derived mainly from import duties and excise, and depends
therefore = upon the welfare and the pu urchasing power of
the wage-earning population. The reduction of wages has
dseninished: thei ir purchasing power, : and the effect of this upon
the revenue has been very marked.
223. In 1895 and 1896 the rates "s taxation were largely
increased, with the object of restoring the balance of the finances,
and the revenue for 1896 rose accordingly, but there was neverthe-
less a deficit of 6,988/. on the ee of that year, following
one of 5,763/. in 1895. pus ount of the faut pate debt
of the island is now w 405,1 pes the provision for interest and
sinking funds in the eise itio for 1897 amounts to 19,125
224. Our attention was directed both by the datorem.
and the Colonial Secretary to the great excess in value of imports
over exports. The figures for the last three years are as follows,
including re-exports :—
Year. Imports. Exports.
£ &
1894 1,279,334 984,511
1895 956,921 587,298
1896 1,048,886 158,227
225. It was suggested to us that some of this excess is beiug
paid for out of capital, and that the imports have been kept up by
bu
circumstances, such as publie expenditure in the island out of
loans, military expenditure by the Imperial Government, remit-
tances made by emigrants, and purchases made by crews or on
behalf of shipping in the harbour.
226. Unless some improvement in the sugar trade takes place,
the revenue will continue to decrease, while a serious pero
of the sugar industry, such as is probable, would ma it
eid for the Government to pay for the siminmi of
t ny.
227. The state of things in Barbados and the outlook may be
summed up by saying that there is but one industry upon which
the population and the revenue are rect key agers that
this industry is now without credit, and a considerable
extent being carried on at a loss, while, for. ioni reasons, the
distress caused | »y the failure of it will be exceptionally iden
and there is practically no other industry E industries which ca
be substituted for the production of su as to maintain tlie
population and provide sufficient public aufert
363
228. A further circumstance which will to some extent affect
the prosperity of Barbados is the intended transfer of the Imperial
troops to St, Lucia. We were informed that the presence of the
troops leads to a yearly ct eae aah in the Colony of about 50,000/.
of Imperial money. This causes a de Ru for local products
which will be lost when the SUD are removed.
9. No time, eir iie must be lost Urpi deciding upon such
measures as can be taken
Settlement on Land.
230. As sugar lands fall out of ME they can either be
sold in small lots or leased at low rents mall cultivators. This
might obtain the means to oc aoe themselves by growing ground
provisions or other crops, which will contribute to the food supply
In this matter the Court of Chancery must, of course, be guided
by the interests of the persons whom it represents, but it may be
possible for the Government to facilitate the breaking up of
estates in this manner by purchasing and re-selling them in small
lots. * 3 = oe me *
Emigration.
233. Emigration is a natural and, in view of complaints as to
want of labour elsewhere, at first sight a promising suggestion.
A considerable number of Barbadians do at present emigrate,
permanently or temporarily, in search of subsistence, and many
of them make excellent colonists in their new homes. But such
experiments as have been made with the special object of
supplying Barbadian labour to sugar planters in other colonies
have not proved satisfactory. More than one reason was given
for this, whith will be found in the evidence, but apart from this
difficulty it is certain that if the sugar industry fails in Barbados,
it will fail also in oe other Colonies, and there can be no demand
in them for labourers on bores estates. In other words, the
greater the pressure rot want which arises in Barbados, the less
hien be the opportunity t finding employment for pirsa
on sugar estates elsewhere, though, on the other hand, if the sugar
industry fails the pressure of want will doubtless strengthen the
desire to emi
234. Strong objections were raised by witnesses to the form
which emigration takes at present. It was urged that the hap-
relations unprovided for at home, was not an advantage, but we
do not see how such emigration can be interfered with even were
it degienbie to do so
235. It would seem that the only form in which assisted
emigration may be at the same time possible, serene an
successful, is that of removing whole families and placing them
in settlements in less thickly populated countries. Sas, as in
British Guiana, Trinidad, and Dominica, there are large tracts of
364
unoccupied land, it is possible that this may be done to advantage,
and, if so, arrangeme1 nts with this object should certainly be either
made or facilitated by the Governments concerned. But such
action, though under any circums erem S desirable, can hardly
be rapid or on a scale large enough to absorb more than a
comparatively small number of thé surplus population of
Barbados
236. ie the event, therefore, of a failure of the sugar industry,
emigration can, at best, prove but an exceedingly partial and
eo remedy for the distress which will be produced.
237. In Barbados, as in other islands, retrenchment in public
expenditure is inevitable. The present cost of government and
n
natural, and we have no wish to say that in Barbados, at any
peices it was ,Bot justifiable But the Colony cannot afford i
at any rate in some portions = the a need be despaired of
even in the present condition of market
41. Attention has already been dew to the fact that large
central factories do not exist in the island. In the present
circumstances of the sugar trade there is no prospect that these
will be established by private co iu The industry has no
credit and capital is not forthcom
242. Application has already bé made to the Government to
e central factories to be started. An Act was passed in 1895
o empower the Government to give This rec towards the
reasons on e ould, under pedem vence dit be conclusive.
But the HORAE are not ordinary, and if relief is to be given
to the sugar industry at all it appears to us that the establishment
of central factories is the best form for it to take.
245. We, therefore, recommend that where owners of estates
desire to combine, as it is stated they are stil ready io do,
Government aid should be given for the establishment of central
factories.
246. It cannot be denied that in giving such aid either by loan
or guarantee, the Government will run the risk of financial loss.
On the other hand, if nothing is done to help the sugar industry,
there is the certainty of great distress, of considerable expenditure
to relieve it, and the probability of pro longed difficulty in finding
employmen nt anywhere for the popu
247. After taking these irae titer ti ‘into account we are of
opinion that aid to maintain the sugar industry in Barbados may
well be the ee costly method in which the obligations of
Government can be discharged. From the point of view of the
welfare of the inhabitants it would certainly be the most
satisfactory.
365
248. There are also special circumstances in the case of
Barbados, which will tend to promote the success of the measures
which we recommend. The labour supply is more abundant and
effective than in any of the other EE A and the soil of Barbados
is especially well suited for growing sugar-canes with exceptionally
rich juice. These two causes should enable central factories in
Barbados to turn out sugar at an unusually low cost of production
T with that which is the average H eins
249. the evidence given by the planters, figures are brought
forward “Which, taking into account both the increased quantity
and quality of the yield from a central factory, show a poe of
a gain of 40 per cent. over the old muscovado process. And even
if these figures be eae as too sanguine, it seems to us certain
that the gain would be very considerable and that it would be
possible for central takin to be worked at a profit even when
the price ae Veg was too low to enable the present musco-
vado works to be remunerative.
259. It is pd under the circumstances that the capital
required to set up central factories should be obtained on the
che eut possible epus and we think the Imperial Wide cocus
should find the money and lend it to the Colony at the same rate
of interest at Which it is borrowed. If the Govamment of
Barbados is required to borrow the money on its own credit, the
cost will be greater, and the liability of the Imperial Governians
will not be appreciably reduced ; if general distress arises, whic
the Colony is unable to relieve, it will be impossible for the Home
Government to avoid giving assistance. The Colonial Govern-
ment should, of course, be held ume to the Imperial
Government for both principal and inte
254 do not propose to attempt to soille all the details of the
system under which the central factories — be worked, anc
will content —* with offering a few De ons.
255 not appear necessary that t mesma N should
insist, as a sin qud non, on the estates cape mortgaged for the
repayment of the loan. To do so would raise D Mao in
connexion with the existing mortgages, and e centra
factories prove unsuccessful the —— iudi be ed valueless,
and the mortgages to Government on them worthless. It would
be sufficient if the representatives of the seis were to under-
r of years to send the canes grown by them to
the central oe They might be paid a low price per ton for
he canes ae Ese icd idee in such à manner " to barely
cover the cost of pr roduc ction, or nearly so. The next charge on
the pales yg aM be the interest a a sinking kad of one per
per annum.
divided between the owners of the estates in proportion to the
i
of the profits in excess of a certain amount one half should go to
the owners of the estates and one half be added to the sinking
fund. When the loan has been repaid with interest the central
factories should become the property of the owners of ine estates,
256. The United States market is of especial importance to the
trade of Barbados. It is from this market that the oer chiefly
gets its food supply; it is to this market „that practically the
whole of its sugar is sent. * * *
366
iii.—T RINIDAD.
259. We proceeded direct from Barbados to "Trinidad, and
lan iod at Port of Spain, the chief town of the Colony, on
Wednesday, the 25th of February 1897. We held four public
sittings in which we took the verbal evidence of 34 witnesses. In
addition to other opportunities of which we severally took
advantage to acquaint ourselves with the characteristics and con
dition of the island, we were enabled to inspect the couar
med the line of the Government Railway, and the extension
w being constructed towards the Sangre Grande, and to visit a
inde estate. We also visited Princo the Naparima district,
d San Fernando, in the south of the island, drove through the
piapa cane- -farming and sugar-producing district of the Colony,
. and inspected the Usine Sainte Madeleine, the largest sugar
factory in the British West Indies, and the estates connected with
it. We left Port of Spain on the 5th of March, and passed round
the southern was deese shores of the island in the Talbot on our
passage to Toba
260. The island. of Trinidad is oe close to the Venezuelan
ae of South America. It has an area of about 1,120,000 acres,
of which 800,000 acres are held to he cultivable. Of ‘the cultivable
land 434, 000 acres are in the hands of private owners, an
366,000 acres are Crown lands. It is Foie. to state the precise
extent of land that is ed eultivation at the present time, but
there is still a large extent of cultivable land in the island
unoccupied and tita ltivated, and much of it is virgin soil.
261. The total population may be taken at 245,000, of whom
fully two-fifths are immigrants from the East Indies or their
descendants.
ig The soit is remarkably fertile, and varies in its character ;
me portions of the island are well suited for the production of
E ARE for cocoa, and on certain tracts near the sea cocoa-nut
irees grow freely.
263. Trinidad exports about 50,000 tons of sugar yearly, and
the exports of molasses and Angostura bitters, of which rum is
the basis, are also of some importance
264. The cocoa produced in ihe island bears a high raptor
in or cie and its production has largely increased in rec
is wo a considerable export of cocoa-nuts, and ni
deme iba to be well suited for the production of coffee and
am the latter industries are of little importance at the present
return to their homes after atime. There is also a considerable
immigration of coolies from the East audies , who are under
indentures to serve for five years, and who stint a total réside
of 10 years become entitled to return passages
266. At the period of our sie to Trinidad ‘hie was a certain
amount of depression, due the lower prices for cocoa eu
cocoanuts, as beg as to the ital fall in the price of sugar à
367
molasses ; but the only apparent danger of a serious nature to the
future prosperity of the island lies in the possible collapse of the
sugar-cane cultivation
267. The importance of this industry to the Colony is best
shown by a consideration of the proportion which the value of
the exports of sugar, rum, and molasses bears to the value of the
total exports.
268. The average yearly value of the total exports of native
products and manufacture is stated ai 1,335,000/. during the
period from 1881 to 1885, at 1,437,000/. during the period from
1886 to 1890, and at 1,447,000/. during the period from 1891 to
1895 ; in the year 1836 the value was 1 363,3497.
269. The corresponding figures for ‘the ‘exports of sugar, rum,
and molasses during the same periods were :
Year, Sugar. Rum. Molasses. Total,
£ £ £ £
1881-85 ... Dn vs 755,000 2,000 59,000 816,000
3886:90 re ee |; TIS000 3,000 51,000 769,000
1891-95 . ... se eee 658,000 4,000 46,000 708,000
1896 uc c dn Dar TUN 6,000 36,000 742,000
The bitters exported in 1896 were valued at 34,0007, but this
export would probably not be affected zs any reduction in the
area under sugar cane that is likely to occ
210. It will be seen that, even at venir] prices, the sugar-cane
industry furnishes quite one-half of the total exports of the Island
of Trinidad.
'The exports of; cocoa have varied from a yearly average of
12 ,000, 000 Ibs., valued at 344,000/., in the period from 1881 to 1885
toa yearly average of 22, 000,000 Tbs. dien at 550,000/., in the
period from 1891 to 1895. In 1 1896 the exports of cocoa came to
23,481,000 lbs., valued at 452,141. Thee was a short crop of
Dos in 1896, and, owing to low prices, a portion of it was held
20. ve e the well-known Pitch Lake of Trinidad is
an important item in the total export t trade. The average
yearly value of rt exports of asphalt in the period 1891 to 1895
,000/7., s be Colony derives a revenue from this source
of due 30, 0007. arly.
213. The sA re of the sugar estates in the island are provided
with modern cep E and may be said to be fairly equipped
for producing pe by the most approved processes. Out o
total export of 53,822 tons of sugar only 3,850 tons were
muscovado sugar. The evidence laid before us was, however, to
the effect that, owing to the low price of sugar, the industry was
in danger of very great reduction, the Joint Committee of the
Agricultural Society and the Chamber of Commerce expres sing
the opinion that the sugar industry was “ undoubtedly in danger
of extinction.”
74. We specially requested the Acting Governor of Trinidad
to favour us with his opinion on this question, and in his letter
368
of 31st March 1897 he stated that if the condition of the sugar
industry as to prices and prosperity remained unchanged, there
was a Ange. nty of Marone reduction, if not of extinction, of that
industry. He estimated that, under present conditions, the
eem would be reduced by one- half in three years. The
d iu
definite period must, from the nature of the case, be a matter of
doubt, but we see no reason for dissenting AS the opinion which
Sir Courtenay Knollys has expressed on this
278. Apart from ihe recommendations hie we have E. in
Part I. of our Report, in connexion with the subject of experi-
mental cane priate Fey and the work of the Botanic Department,
we are unable to offer any packer suggestion for the adoption of
taken
measures that could be n the Colony for improving the
condition of the sugar Ses The mitts burdens on the
industry are not heavy, and it is to some extent assisted at
the expense of the general revenues, Wed bear a portio on of
abe cost of introducing Kast Indian immi
280. It is recognised in the present day "that the business E
anufact cturing sugar may "often with advantage be separated from
the actual cultivation of the canes. It is found convenient in
oo places that farmers should engage in the business of
ing canes, and io sell the ripe cane to a central factory.
This system is being tried, and with some success, in Trinidad,
enone) a pe and App entis well-founded, opinion has been
expressed to the effect that, so far as can now be seen, “this central
factories in Trinidad can never depend entirely on canes so grown,
t must, in order to ensure a continuous supply of canes for
manufacture, possess a considerable amount of cultivation of their
own was alleged that the presence of indentured coolies is
essential to the maintenance of the industry, as only in this way
could a reliable supply of labour bo. secured at all times.
8l. wners of sugar estates in Trinidad appear to be fully
alive to the advantages of the cane- -farming system, and anxious
to introduce it as far as practicable. The general adoption of the
system would be attended with many advantages, and we are of
opinion that it is one which the Govern e might legitimately
assist, where practicable, by providing means of communication
to facilitate cane-farming in suitable localities. Both the Creoles
and the East India immigrants prefer growing canes on their own
plots to inerte d s labourers on the estates, and they are willing
to sell their canes at a price which is below the cost at which the
estates can produce t them
282. In. view of the "probable reduction, in the immediate
future, of the area of sugar-cane cultivation, and the serious
effect which such drei i and the = ral depression E the
ave on
tion of other agricultural industries for the cane cultivation ;
(2) the -a of the surplus population on the land as pees
proprietors ; and (3) the facilitating of access to foreign markets.
283. The praetical work of nicer on — Here must be
left in the hands of private persons, but, we have already
indicated in Part I., ors are certain dire de in which the
Government can assi ist.
369
284. The Botanical V'aparimonks in Trinidad should be entirely
asteved of the in oes of ornamental gardening and the supply
"E SkresinepteL eultivation of economic plants, and to attempts
to secure improved varieties of such plants, and especially of sugar
cane. It should comprise a branch for the teaching of tropical
agriculture, and should form a centre from which teachers would
be sent to give practical lessons in the nig Aces of tropical plants
and the selection of suitable localities ipd growing them
5. Special and well-considered arr deme should be made
for facilitating the settlement of the Creole and East Indian popu-
lation as peasant PUE OE on the Crown lands, and on any other
suitable lands that may be, or may become, available
288. We are, however, of eroe that special arrangements for
the opening out of the Crown lands in small lots will not as a
rule be popular with the persons who are interested in pos
estates in Trinidad. In such a Colony, with a sparse population
and virgin soil waiting to be opened up, the pecie planters vin
experienced difficulties in getting at all times as much labou
they required at the prices which they were abet or tad
perhaps afford, to pay, and they have not looked with favour on
any policy having for its eine ex the opening out of the Crown
lands to the labouring populat
9. We regret thatany ican tin We tion of ours should aggravate,
or have the appearance of aggravating, even temporarily, the diffi-
culties under which they at present labour, and which, for the
that we have no choice in the matter. Whatever the con-
Sequences to individuals may be, the position of your Majesty’s
possessions in the West Indies at the present time is sucb that
every possible een should be given to the native eae
of earning their livelihood otherwise than on a sugar estate, and
that they should not be forced to depend longer than be helped
on the maintenance of a single and precarious industry.
290. Trinidad would share in the advantages of o subsidised
steamer service which we have recommended to facilitate access
to other markets and abng means for the migration of labourers
between the islands.
291. It would also appear to be possible to R a trade of
some importance between Trinidad and Venezuela. At present
there is a special differential duty of 30 per cent. valorem
against goods imported into Venezuela from Trinidad. We Ata
l
your Majesty’s Government will be able to se the
ment of this differential duty- It would dio. te desirable that
arrangements should be made to store foreign goods in bond in
Trinidad, which might T be exported t i Ya enezuela.
present goods which are subject to ad valorem daty pay a duty of
5 per cent. if landed at Port of Spain, and this duty is not refunded
on export, and the goods are also subject to the special differential
duty of 30 per cent. when landed in Venezuela on the ground that
they are imported from Trinid
295. In the meantime the Botanic al E in Trinidad
should encourage the introduction and growth of the better
descr of fruit, and give instructions as to the best means
370
of cultivation and of packing fruit for export. We are not with-
out hope that in time it may be found possible to establish a large
and amabi industry in fruit, to be sent from the West ms
generally to the New York and. London markets.
296. The question of the probable financial position of the
Government of the Colony in the immediate future is one of some
importance. 'The taxation of Trinidad is not light; the pon
E revenue in 1882 was 396,2827., of which about 297, 7007. wa.
. from taxation. In 1896 the total was 577,140/., of which about
438, 0000. w was from taxes, including 22,7001. from export duties and
royalties on asphalt. Additional echt could be imposed, and
would bring in some revenue, but it is not desirable to impose
additional burdens on the Colony unless in case of necessity.
5
have justified such expenditure, greater economy will be necessary.
* ae d » a 5
301. If there is a bas and sudden reduction in the sugar
industry, there might be a considerable temporary expenditure in
providing for labourers, a especially for East Indian immigrants.
The expenditure would be very heavy if any large number of
of the Indian coolies to return. It any case it will be more easy to
provide at short notice for the settlement of coolies on Crown and
other lands in Trinidad than it would be in British Guiana.
There is, ne less probability of a sudden and iinan
demand being made on public funds for return passages
302. The question of the assi "eim ion to immigration at the
expense of the publie revenue is one that requires curefil con-
sideration. We are of opinion that if any industry requires
immigrants it should pay the whole cost connected with their
introduction. It is argued that the introduction of immigrants is
a benefit e the whole Colony, and that the whole Colony should
pay a portion of the cost of Arte dme them. "This view as to
the i Broan of immigrants being a benefit to the whole
Colony 1 is not held by those persons with whom the immigrants
compete in the labour market, and if the argument were pushed
to its logical conclusion it would follow that every industry
should get a bonus from the State, as every industry is a gain to
e whole comm i vs has, however, ues pressed upon us
Wr. evidence which we cannot dis regard, that at the present time,
and under present sono: snae ed dern are absolutely
necessary to the carrying on of the sugar estates. It would be a
calamity, not eed to the owner of the estates, but to the general
community, to take any steps that must have the effect of
intensifying the existing depression, and, whatever our recom-
e might have been if the question of State prit: to
tion were Yee raised for the first time, we are not
rd to say that such assistance should now be witha:
We are, however, of opinion that the number of immigrants to be
^
371
introduced every year should be reduced to the minimum that
will suffice for the working of the existing estates, and that State
assistance in aid of immigration should ultimately cease.
303. The system under which a large number of immigrants
are allowed to settle in the West Indies retaining a claim to a
return passage, and without i provision being made before-
^w ques :
hand to meet the burden, if i uld arise, 8 0
If the sugar cultivation ceases it will be impossible to levy the
cost from the estates, and S , wher migration has
now ceased, the planters complain that they, in their present
distressed condition, are paying for benefits which were received
by a former gener ration.
304. On the whole, we are of opinion that, notwithstanding
the critical state of the sugar indusiry, the resources of Trinidad
will probably suffice to meet the claims against her if they are
carefully husbanded, and if no delay takes place in the adoption
of measures for enforcing greater economy in public expenditure.
iv.—TOBAGO.
305. We received in Trinidad verbal evidence as to the
condition of Tobago (which is under the same Government) from
poh witnesses specially qualified to speak on the subject. We
ached Scarborough, the chief town of the island, on the after-
is on of Friday the 5th of March, and during the next morning
we took evidence from 13 local witnesses at the Court House,
whilst Dr. Morris inspected as much of the island as could be
visited in the day. One of Ue Commissioners devoted part of
the day to the same object.
308. The chief industry was ihe potaa of sugar, but it has
been a decaying rem for many years, and at the present time
it appears to be on the verge of extinction. The only cane now
grown on the island is ilt vated by small farmers on the metayer
system, and the cane is ground at some of the old, and old-
fashioned, mills which still exist. The farmers who grow the
ing by i
9. When the general depression of the sugar industry took
effect in 1885 there was a collapse of that industry in Tobago, the
and they now export cocoa, cocoanuts, peas, co , potatoes,
plantains, poultry, eggs, cocoa-nut oil, cattle, goats, horses, pige,
and sheep. Their proximity to Trinidad enables them
market for many of the — which we have just Anaea rae
310. These articles, however, by no means compensate for the
E ER migrate permanently, or temporarily, to Trinidad in
search of work. The rates of w wages are not so low as in such
an island às ‘St. Vincent, m there is very little employment to be
ages appears to be maintained owing
x the island lying nye r3 Trinidad is there is a demand for
31]. - Complaints are made that even when work is obtained
Wages are not regularly paid, and that the ubdüntes often have to
accept payments in goods and do not receive cas
14687 C
372
. The revenue of the island was 14,0037. in 1880, 14,1757. in
1882, and I 8261. in 1885. After 1885 there was a great fall
The revenue ‘of 1886 was —_— 8,5147.. and i notwithstanding strict
economy d sever trenchment suecessive deficits were
incurred, necessitating a des of 5,000/. from ines funds, and
other temporary E Fart of this deficit has been cleared
off by careful administration the revenue had risen in 1896
to 9,3217., the aoda re ae 9,2697, but the net deficit on
— Reven nue Account at the close of the year was still
*
315. The value u Ba total exports was 48,245/. in 1882,
38, 4371. in 1885, only 18,8927. in 1886, and 39,5267. in 1889, which,
After 1889 the exports again fell, but their actual amount cannot
be given with comple ete accuracy, owing to the union with
Trinidad. It appears, however, that in 1896 the exports to foreign
countries were of the value of 9,336/., whilst articles of the d
of 10,5607. are stated by the Commissioner to have been sent t
Trinidad. From these figures it might be inferred that the total
exports from the island are now worth about 20,0007. a year.
316. The record of Tobago for the past 20 years is a gloomy
one, but happiness is not synonymous with wealth, and the
condition of the people A Mes er] better $k the figures we
have given would appear to indicate. This result appears to be
mainly due to the Bekk tm die of the climate, and the fact that
Trinidad provides a market close at hand for both produce and
labour. Any severe and prolonged depression in Trinidad would,
no doubt, re-act on Tobago.
317. As a remedy for the present state of things it was urged
that one or two central factories should be erected. e cannot
recommend this course. If large sugar factories cannot be worked
are lik
the adoption of a remedy so expensive, and so unlikely to be à
permanent success.
318. The island was ited politically with Trinidad in 1889,
but a separate account of revenue and expenditure is maintained,
and an adjustme ub on AERE, of import duties made. It is
alleged that Tobago loses by the adjustment.
We recommend the complete amalgamation of Tobago and
Trinidad, and the abolition of the separate account of revenue and
expenditure. "Tobago would then become a ward, or district, of
Trinidad, and the two islands would have a common exchequer.
o this measure objections bier no doubt, be raised locally,
though we believe the majority of the inhabitants of Tobago are
in favour of it. The owners d large tracts of land are afr aid that
financial amalgamation with "Trinidad sah lead to the tax on
land being raised to the level of that prevailing in the latter
island. We are unable to see why this result should necessarily
follow, as Tobago, in its present condition, has a good claim for
separate treatment in this matter. The traders seem = fear that
amalgamation with Trinidad would reduce their business in con-
nexion wich the import trade, and possibly with the cnn trade.
373
This result might follow, but from the point of view of the
general oeat no sound argument against the amalgamation can
be based upon
320. Coins untontion between the two islands should, as far as
possible, be facilitated. If, as we have recommended a a cheap, and
regular service of steamers : E ae, between Barbados and
the southern islands, 5 y be arranged that Tobago shall
participate in that bene
321. It also appears dubie that a Botanie Station should be
established at Tobago, subordinate to the Botanic Department at
Trinidad, and having for its object the attainment of the same
ends.
v.—GRENADA.
325. Grenada is the headquarters of the Government of the
Wind ward group of Islands, which comprises also St. Lucia and
St. Vincent. We arrived there from British Guiana on the evening
of Sender the 7th of Fe mes! Ul nd held two sittings, during
which we examined 20 witnesses, on the 9d and h of the
month. We visited several estates of atypical character and left
the island early on the morning of the 11th of February, during
which day we visited Carriacou, which is one of the small islands
called the Grenadines, lying between Grenada and St. Vincent.
* x% * * * *
327. The production of sugar for export pae srana ceased.
So far back as the year 1882 the value of the sugar exported was
only 20,0007. At the present time the sugar cane is E to a
place of sugar has been taken by cocoa, the value of the exports
of which in 1893 amounted to 281,0047. For a Miner of years
the island was decidedly prosperous, owing to the high price of
cocoa. But the price of cocoa fell in 1895 and 1896, and at the
time of our visit to the island there was a considerable amount of
depression. 'The value of the exports of cocoa in 1894 was
168,0007., and in 1895, 138,0007. Besides cocoa the ied exports
nutmegs, cotton, and other products of minor importanc
333. Our attention ie called to the rate of growth of the publie
expenditure, which was said to be excessive. "The rate of growth
has certainly been ra id, the total expenditure having risen from
42,8951. in 1882 to 60, 3891. in 1896. Of the increase 5,1887. is due
3851.
account of the publie debt, which now amounts to 101,123/.,
having been incurred mainly for the construction of roads, bridges,
and waterworks.
24. There was a deficit on general revenue account of 1,1837.
at the close of 1896, whilst among the assets of the Colonial
Government there were included arrears of contributions due
the other West India islands, are dni ch and at a period of
i eec such as that through which the Colony is now dis
14687
374
a demand for the immediate payment of 6s. in cash falls heavily on
that portion of the population which ; possess little in the way of
property, and is not in the habit of making pr ovision for the Mini
336. From Mr. Leslie Probyn's unie of 2Tt pril it
xu be seen that in is present year the tax of 6s. was payable
263 houses, which were, it is said, of such small value that the
abandonment of their planes of abode must have involved some
zs dship. We recommend that the quinis government be instructed
o take into consideration the question of reducing, or repealing,
this tax on the poorer classes of houses, though we are no
prepared to recommend in the present circumstances of the West
Indies that no direct taxation on houses should be levied.
337. The other recommendations which we desire to make in
pedi case As Pope. are, to a great extent, the same as those
e work of the Botanic Station ep: ie extended, and
it should be held sito ilo for agricultural instruction,
for the M and experimental cultivation of
tropical plants of economic importance, and for the
[o
extent, and are situated in the highest — of the
island. They are covered with forest, which it is of the
utmost importance to preserve, and they are, aer en
not available for settlement. The question whether the
Government should not purchase estates with the view
of re-selling them in small lots may fairly be raised in
connexion with Carriacou, where it is of special urgency,
as that island is in a very depressed condition, whilst the
me ical officer states that * most of the estates here are
* owned by abs entee proprietors, who demand rents
‘ that are much too high under existing E e E
(3.) i usa will participate in the arrangements which we
have proposed in Part I. for securing cheap and regular
mmunication between the islands by means of small
subsidised steamers.
(4.) The presence of fruit in Grenada should be encouraged,
e best kinds should be supplied from the Botanic
saison, We do not recommend that any special
attempt should be made at the present time to start a
else trade between passed and New York, but we have
nade a recommendation of this nature in the case of
St. Vincent an ominiea, and if the experiment should
prove successful there is no reason why it should not in
time be extended to Grenada. It would greatly facilitate
such extension if in the meantime Grenada were place
in a position to grow suitable kinds of fruit in sufficient
quantities. To 7". t T DÀ
375
340. In erri n in St. Vincent, we do not hesitate to
recommend expropriation by process of i after payment of
reasonable eoi kpe on, in the case of the ner of any estate
which has practically ceased to be cultivated, if ‘stick estate should
a visiade settlement in small lots, and should be wanted for
t purpose, and if terms for aita; sale to Government could not
rone dni be arranged.
vi.—ST. LUCIA.
245. St. Lucia has an area of 152,000 acres, of which about
114,000 acres are cultivable. Of the cultivable land about one-
half belongs to private persons, the other half being Crown lands.
The island contains many lofty ridges and peaks, separated by
deep valleys. The valleys are fertile, vA us so pn xj as the
uplands. "The rainfall is ample. Only mall d po ms
of the island is Covered with orest. There i t oatitia of
about 46,000; the people speak a French patsii ‘aiid the pied
tional system is very disfeotive: With the exception of the sugar-
cane cultivation, eas is backward. There are about 2,500
East Indians in the is
344. For the dne Miete m 1883, and 1884, the average
yearly value of the total exports was 194,000/., and of the
imports 150,0007. For die period from 1894 to 1896 the corre-
sponding figures were 113,0007. and 151,0007. The value of The
imports and exports of coal are not included in these fi as
a coaling station has been established in St. Lucia, their indiudión
would render the figures less Ue as an de d
"progress of the Colony. The value of the
pho ed exported in 1882 was 207, (0 007. and in 1883 was ; 190, 360!
t that time almost the whole of the exports consisted of the
products of the sugar-cane. After 1883 there was a rapid fall,
and in 1886 the value of the quantities of these articles exported
was only 64,000/. eer Page f to that year there was some
increase up to 1892, in which year the value was 95,0007. After
1893 there wasa further fall, heri the value for 1896 was only
62,0007. "The only article of export es per vim ioter
largely increased in qu antity, is coe Of this commodity
302,000 Ibs. were exported in 1882 and 1. ,136,543 Ibs. in n 1896, but
the Bir of cocoa ved low in 1895 and 1896, and though the
va export 1882 was 10,1047, in 1896 it was
daly: 15,403/., “notwithstanding a more than threefold increase in
quantity. Wood is also exported for fuel, and there isa small
export of fruit. In recent years the exports of logwood have
on considerable, and in some years very large. In 1892and 1894
exports were large, being valued at 37,7527. aud 37,3592.
seupactyols:
345. The trade in logwood is, Dowd ets subject to great fluctua-
bue and aa e has been a fall i D ice. In 1896 the quantity
exported w 1,904 tons, valued at 4,284/. In 1893 the logwood
exported ah valued at 61. per Me. |
376
346. The quantity of Sugar exported in the present day is less
than half what it was in 1882. The exports of rum are not of
importance, and the exports of molasses have fallen off largely in
quantity, and still more in total value.
347. When the sugar industry began to go down in 1884, t
people turned, to some sede to the cultivation of small plots a
land on their own acco There is now a large number of
persons employed in this w way ; some on. plots which they have
purchased from private owners, some on Crown land plots, some
on land for IO they pay rent or which they cultivate on the
metayer syst A good many are believed to be s squatters on
Crown or a land, to which they have no title. * ”
349. The production of muscovado sugar for eie has almost
ceased. Only 494 tons of muscovado were exported in 1896, as
against 3,055 1 tons of sugar made at central factories. About : 30
e
Sac Factory Piha assisted by the Government, which borrowed
40,000/. for the purpose. Of this sum, 30,0007. was borrowed in
but ta starvation is not to be fand: ai food sufficient to
support existence is easily raised and la nd is obtaaties The
island suffered greatly from a storm in 1894, and wages A
reduced from 30 to 40 per cent. about two or three
There are still a fw indentured immigrants, the last batch of 155
having been brought to the Colony in 1893. The rates of wages
now paid to the immigrants are not as high as those to which they
are en ntitled by their agreements, It is not likely that more
ensi will be applied for, and if applied Tio they should not be
ned.
san
35 i e revenue of the Colony is hardly adequate to meet its
a ae although some taxes are in force which are open to
bi L L
the gua and maintenance of roads as well as for other purposes.
The general revenue rose from 38 ,993/. in 1882 to "56, 5907. in 1894.
1
of taxation and owing to pr receipts not of the nature of
ordinary revenue, and not to be looked for in other years,
amounting to 5,3107, the receipts were raised to 55,331. e
expenditure in these three years was 54,4007., 57, 181, and 56 ,0607.,
and the deficit on General Revenue Account at the close of 1896
was 50,088/. The Public Debt of the Island is 179,441/., of which
95,8817. is due to expenditure on Castries Harbour, to enable it to
be used as a coaling station.
377
as Notwithstanding = gloomy picture which we have had to
draw of the condition of St. Lucia, the island possesses certain
ravage mo eet if judiciously developed, may in time restore it
to ast, a moderate degree of prosperity, but the Colony
ite, in a very special Meet careful and prudent as well as
strong and resolute eemper during the coming years. The
miae k of a coaling station at Castries is a point in its
favou The number of vessels calling at the port has risen
fear 233 in 1887 to 435 in 1896. The quantity of iae Aie
has risen in the same time from 17 ,(98 tons to 44,816 to
361. The most important measure to be taken for the vlt of
St. Lucia is the settlement e the people on the land. "There is
already a large number of persons who cultivate small plots, but
increase
should be provided for the benefit of the small settlers, and
arrangements made for giving them instruction in agriculture.
This instruction can best be given in connexion with the Botanic
Station, the operations s of which should be extended in the way
we have indicated in the case of the other islands. More suitable
land for the purpose of experimental cultivation in Tuc
with the Botanic Station is very much required. St. Lucia will,
of course, share in the benefits of the scheme for facilitating
communication between the different islands which we have
recommended, if that scheme should be approved.
362. There is a law which provides for compulsory MU us
but the law is a dead letter, and could not be enfor The
general system of education for the children pan to be
defective, the defects being, no doubt, largely due to want o
money,and to the fact that the great mass of the population Por
ong a Ermo apane whilst the teaching is given in English.
only r mend that npn attention should be given i»
the diatona | vitem of the Colony, and reforms introduced as
money can be made available. It would bea great gain to the
people if they could be taught to speak English, and gradually
weaned from the use of the present patois. It must take a very
long time to carry any such reform into complete effect, but the
matter should be ste adily borne in mind, and the educational
system so devised as to facilitate the change.
vii.—ST. VINCENT.
363. We reached St. Vincent on the evening of EN e
llth of February, and took evidence publicly there on the
13th, and 15th. We examined 33 Topea out of a large aio:
that ‘offered themselves, and we received in this island an unusual
number of letters and petitions, alleging distress amongst
labouring class, with a eee proportion of direct requests
for pecuniary assistanc
. The area of St. vise is 83,115 acres, and of the small
islands tite. with it 10,872 acres. The total area of the Colony
is, therefore, 93,987 acres, of which one-third is worthless. There
378
is a central range of mountains running north and south, with
spurs extending on both sides to the sea. The soil is tertile, the
climate healthy, and the rainfall heav vy.
365. The sugar industry has been in a posse condition for
years, and is now on the verge of extinction. No improvements
have B5 introduced in the manufacture of sugar, m the sugar
canes have in recent years suffered very severely from disease,
this disease being in all probability due, to some extent, to want
o effective cultivation.
366. No industry can be said to have taken the place of the
sugar ‘cane as the cultivation of the latter fell off. The second
industry in point of Heper ar is that of the production of arrow-
root, but the price of arrowroot has recently fallen to such an
extent as to add materi ally pr the depression from which the
idana is now suffering.
367. There are very few small proprietors cultivating gd
own land. the total area led
129 estates of not less than 100 acres each, while the extent of the
Crown lands is estimated to exceed 25, (000 acres. The Crown
cultivable area not more than 5,000 or 10,000 acres are believed
to be beneficially occupied oe cultivat tion.
368. Wages are very low; they have been reduced in recent
years ; and there is a lamentable want of continuous employment.
For some years the able-bodied males have been emigrating,
leaving, in many cases, the women and children to shift for them-
selves. The population is decreasing, and the labouring classes
are i aa ed.
é n 1882 the value of the total exports of native ois
Was 149 2107, and of the imports 152,332/. ; for 1896 the corre-
sponding figures were 57,436/. and 60, 563/. The mite of the
export 8 of sugar, rum, and ‘molasses i in 1882 were 94,847/.; 11,112/.,
and 7,552/. respectively, while the corresponding figures for 1896
were ‘ont 19,544/., 1,8062., and 2,6531.
370. The Public Revenue i in 1882 was 31 sape Pp in 1884
34,509/. Since that year there has been a falling the revenue
for the last three years having been 28,574/., 25, feoi. "and 26,4871.
` Notwithstanding retrenchment in establis hm ments, a deficit of
4,8167. had acer ued at the close of 1896, to which should be added
1, 1071., which appears in the C olony’ s financial statements as due
from the * Crown Lands Fund," but which is irrecoverable. The
island p. t publie debt of 19,380/., and further borrowing of
3,5007. he construction of roads has been sanctioned.
371. The prospect which the Colony has now to face is the
practical extinction of the sugar-cane cultivation within a very
brief pericd, except in so far as it may be found profitable to
sce a it in order to meet the local demand for sugar
Blas "We do not think that under the conditions agit are likely
to prevail in the future the production of sugar r for rt on a
large scale could be permanently carried on in St. el unless
modern machinery were set up, and the most approved precesses
if
379
of Em adopted. Such a change would involve the
starting o e factories, for which one or two places in the
Colony are em unsuited. But there is no prospect of any such
improvements being carried out by private jaraai and we
hesitate to recommend that the State should find the money. for
what must in the case of this Colony be regarded as a very
doubtful experiment.
373. In view of the approaching extinction of the sugar industry
in St. Vincent, and of the fact that there is no prospect of private
enterprise establishing other aistros on a sufficiently large scale
to afford employment to the labouring classes, the problem of
providing for these ee becomes one of extreme urgency, and
is beset with difficultie
374. We have qer made a general recommendation that
the settlement of the Creole population of the West Indies as
cultivating proprietors should be eta een as settled policy
of the Government of the different Colon , and we see no
reason to depart from that ati in the "id of St. Vincent.
On the contrary, it seems to us that, whether the sugar industry
is maintained or disappears, it is abs olutely essential in the
prosperity in St. "Vin
377. There are round the sea-coast ined = acres of fertile
remain sọ olders —- somes lands at o be unwilling
to sell them in small a reasonable price, and vis
unable to cultivate itt pese à e circumstances, we have
hesitation in recommending that araire portions of these janide
be acquired by the State made available for settlement in
small plots. If gms lands cannot be obtained by private
agreement with the owners, powers should be taken by the
Government to E En them on payment of reasonable com-
pensation. The condition of St. Vincent is so critical as to justify
the adoption of prompt and drastic measures of reform.
monopoly of the most accessible and fertile lands by a few
persons who are unable any longer to make a beneficial use of
them cannot, in the general interests of the „sland, be tolerated,
379. Another measure which gi er ales is an attempt to
establish a fruit trade with New York, such, though on a smaller
scale, as that which has RAT such benefit to Jamaica. In
ey c un.
takes to put at least 2,000 acres under bana cultivation. lt is,
e an agreemen nt to this effect when they understand that
proper gend of communication may be depended upon for at
least ten ye
Vai likely that, at least iu St. Vincent, a con-
As
hb siderable Pie for the relief of distress would have to be borne
380
by ne funds if Syne cannot be found for the labourers,
it wo not be unreasonable, if private enterprise is not forth-
esq » en antee the requisite cultivation, for the Government
to make arrangements to this end ; and, if the recommendations
=
z
E
—
e
T
un
[«]
Uh .
ct
=
E
T
=
ot
®
jem
be um ted and cultivated in bananas.
that a oed cultivation of 4,000 acres in the two islands must be
secured in order to > produce suffieient bananas to make it worth
while to run a steamer. If a considerable number of cultivators
can be settled on the land, we have no doubt irre they algo will
grow bananas and materially extend the indus
385. In conclusion, we desire again to "es Spec attention to
the very critical position of affairs in St. Vincent, where a
population, which is ne Bat pet of property in any form, and
o land on which it can labour, is threatened with the almost
aae loss of the indbby amount of intermittent employment
on d low wages which it at present manages with difficulty to
secu
386. "No time should be e in introducing any measures which
it may be deemed advisable to adopt, with a view to applying a
remedy to the condition of ys which we have described. It
2 possible e the collapse of the sugar industry may come $0
uddenly t necessary to find temporary employment
at the Publ. expense for some portion of the population. In
such case the cost would have to be borne by the Imperial
eshequar as it does not seem possible for the Colony to find
the mone
viii—DOMINIGA.
387. We arrived at Dominica, direct from St. Lucia, on
Thursday, the 11th of March, and on the 12th and 13th of March
held sittings at Roseau, the chi ef town of EM island, when
we examined 14 witnesses. One of th Commissioners and
Dr. Motris visited the Layou Flats, a PEGIN “district, which
will be presently referred to.
388. Dominica is ene of the heme e of the Federation of
the Leeward Islands, with which we shall deal in the order
in which we reached them. The weak "of government is at
Antigua.
389. The d according to the census of 1891, was
26,841. This was 1,370 less:than in 1881. The total area is
186, etd acres, of “phigh ne 60, 000 acres are said to be in private
'The whole of the remainder i is therefore Crown land, and
: “3 is rere that 80,000 acres of Crown lands are suitable for
cultivation.
390. In 1882 the total value of the exports was 61,297/., and
in 1896 the total exports were valued at 48,9737. The value of
the sugar, ru ipie iie exported in 1882 was 44,4941, and
in 1896 ud tee That is to say, in the last 15 years the
exports of sugar, rum, and molasses have fallen from 71 per cent.
. to 15 per venit. of the total value of the exports.
381
>
391. This fact alone would be sufficient to place Dominica in a
different category to others of the Leeward Islands, such as
St. Kitts, Nevis, and Antigua, in which the sugar industry has
struggled again st depression : and retained its position as practically
the only industry of the
392. In. Dominica the pr LENS of sugar has already given
way, doubtless because the processes both of cultivation and
manufacture were more E "a and wasteful than in other
places. The industry was never on so oe a , footing in
Dominica, and has keretre Sain à
395. Since, however, Dominica has never be so great a sugar-
bani Colony as most of the others, and sugar exports now
only form 15 per cent. of the value of the whole, it i is ppt ud
to discuss the question of taking special measures fa
Dominica is concerned to re-establish the sugar industry there.
396. It is with the de evelopment of the other industries that the
Colony will be mainly ¢ ned in future. In this direction
there is not only Med good “ground tor dopo. but considerable
progress has already b f the exports of
cocoa have risen from 6, ALI in 1882, is 13, "531 in 1896 ; of limes
and lime juice from 5,1097. to 14,851/.; of essential oils from
295/. to 5,012/. ; of fruit and vegetables from 607/. to 1,348.. ;
and of coffee from 321/. to 967/. in the same period.
397. But this is not enough. If Dominica is to be self-support-
ing, if an efficient Government is to be provided for out of its
revenue, and the people are to be prosperous, or even comfortable,
these industries must extend still an and there is, happily,
no reason why this should not be the c
398. The great extent of the c sirable’ area of Crown lands has
already been noticed. These lands are undeveloped ; ai are
mostly covered with nba much of which is sai o be
valuable. Care, no doubt, ought to be taken not to Om
increased risks of landslips or ied by allowing too much of the
highest lands to be deforested, for the rainfall in Dominica is
eavy ; but even allowing for the utmost Rh in this respect,
a
is believed to be very rich and fertile, and the appearance of such
pat pec as have been cultivated confirms the probability of its
eing s
399. So ome of this land ought to be disposed of under proper
regulations to peasant cultivators, and some of it may prove
attractive to investors of capital or persons who are in a position
to occupy and cultivate estates of their own. The Government of
the Colony will have to be guided by circumstances in the dis-
posal of it; it is not possible, under present conditions, to say
what opportunities will arise which may lead to its being eccupied
and cultivated, At the time of our visit all sale of Crown lands
had been temporarily suspended owing to negotiations which
were then pending for ə. large concession toa company. We
believe these negotiations have fallen through, but in any case the
sale of Crown la nds t to cult tivators in suitable localities oughtto be
*
resumed.
į
6 382
04. There is enough labour in Dominica for its present
industries, but it is to be hoped that these industries will increase,
à if so, their needs will soon outgrow the capacity of the
present labour supply. By the time, however, that this takes
islands in want of employment, and it should be easy to import
many labourers from them
40 e present eondition e Done is certainly one o
pu Ac and it will sired ese from the Imperial Govern-
ent. is may be giv as part of a general scheme for
p steam alp between the islands, and of a
special scheme for dun direct communication between St,
Vincent, Dominica, and w Yo
Dominica will also fee in any assistance which may be
given to the system of botanic institutions in the West Indies.
In addition to this the island should have some assistance from
Imperial funds for making roads, which are essential to its pro-
gress. Such help need not be very costly, and need not be
grudged, since Doniine may, if sate icio nce is given, be
expected to attain a state of comfort, or even prosperity, and its
capabilities and prospects are decidedly better than those of any
other of the Leeward Islands.
ix.——MONTSERRAT.
411. We pex Montserrat on Monday evening the 16th of
March, and on t Tth app 11 representative witnesses and
received written pec ments, and gained other information as to
the a of the land. which we quitted on the following
morn
112. “The population of the island at the last census was 11,762.
It is new estimated at 12,500. The area is about 25,000 acres, ei
which it is estimated thet about SR JO acres are cultivable. The
are all in private hands, and there are no Crown lands. Aboni
10,000 acres are said to ‘he Kitali orsa cultivation. The are
under cultivation in sugar is approximately estimated at 00
acres, or about three-fifths of the total cultivated area. There
many small holdings, EE eo estates
413. The value of the exports of sugar and molasses in 1852
was 31,1427. x 1896 the et "had fallen to 14,9677. Hardly any
rum is exported. The value of the total exports for 1882 was
38.1207., and in “1896 was 24,2137. It will be seen, therefore, that
while in 1882 the exports of sugar and molasses amounted to
81:69 per cent. of the value of all the exports of the island,
this proportion had fallen in 1896 to 61°81 per
414. All the sugar estates produce musco WA sugar r only ; es
industry has ceased to be profitable, and the prospects o ofita
no better than in neighbouring islands. "The island is irena
ravines, which would make the establishment of
central factories difficult. Even, aisrof die , if the prospects and
Sole of the ndash y generally were to revive, the industry in
Montserrat would in the long run be severely handicapped by
the competition, in tliat parts of the world, of large central
iln
factories, which either could not be established or could not be
economically worked in Montserrat. It is accordingly a
to consider what industries can take the place of sugar in sup
porting the population and providing a revenue for the island.
415. The statistics of exports show that during the last
15 years progress has been made with industries other than sugar.
Such advance in this respect as there has been is greatly due
to the work done by the Montserrat Company, the manager of
which informed us that the company employs 1,200 labourers
for the three months of crop time, and from 700 to 800 for the
rest of the year. The company is stated to have 1,247 acres
under E alio in limes, and as a result mainly of this a
value 1e lime industry in Montserrat,
however, has of late su imod "iiri teon blight.
416. Other exports of co mparative i mportance are arrowroot, the
value of which has doubled since 1892 notwithstanding a fall in
price, and amounted to 669/. in 1896 ; aa coffee, which reached
a value of 7897. in 1896, having only begun to be an export of
importance in 1894 Papaine, “essential oils, and bay oil also
appear upon the list of exports.
417. Reference to Dr. Morris’s report will show that there are
other forms of En such especially as vanilla, ginger, and
fruit, which might be started or profitably developed, and the
preserving Sore iiA aont set up by the ontserrat
Company may give some encouragement in this direction.
9. Montserrat can only be developed and iei ne orted by variety
of produce, and for this two things are essential—a good Botanic
Station, capable of supplying plants and iine instruction, and
access to markets. Both these needs have been dealt with in con-
nexion with other islands in the general report, but it should be
pinched by the failure of the sugar industry, and of how, just as
its need is greatest, it becomes bares for it to provide unaided
the means which are ae oe a es its difficultie
420, It will be see S sete 2 Dr. Morris's report if from
more hopeful position in Montserrat than in St. Kittsand des rem
Mr. Baynes, the Commissioner, drew our attention to the need for
AM M to develop new Andustries, a point which has jesd been
dealt
423. Tho revenue is falling off, though the Customs and other
duties have been increased, ar nd the limits of taxation have
apparently been ied. Since 1890 an increase in the land tax
has Jakon the place of export duties, which were abolished. *
25. The increase in the ordinary expenditure is mainly due to
increase of charges on account of debt and to increased cost of
education.
426. From 1891 to 1894, 14,5007. was borrowed for public works,
and in 1896, 3,5007. was "borrowed on the security of Treasury
384
debentures, “ partly to meet deficiencies of revenue, and partly to
roads and improvements of old ones, improvement of the streets
of the town, extension of the jetty, a new hospital," &c.
27, The new roads, as well as those previously existing and
absolutely necessary for the traffic of the island, were severeiy
damaged by the flood of November 1896, which in other ways also
has caused much distress in the island. The Colonial Engineer of
Dominica, who reported upon the damage done, and a copy of
whose = was Supplied to us, has recommended that no attempt
be made repair or maintain the greater part of the new roads ;
but it is piti ani that the cost of indispensable repairs to the
other roads and to those portions of the new roads which it is
advisable to keep open will be about 2,650/., whilst an expenditure
of 500/.will be required to repair the Plymouth waterworks ; and the
present jetty, which, though recently constructed, is already ina
precarious state, must, if shipping facilities are to be maintained,
be replaced at a cost of not less than 07,
428. It will not be possible, with such a fall in the revenue as
must be siad, for the Presidency of Montserrat to meet this
expenditure, and to repay the short-term debentures for 3,5007.,
x.—ANTIGUA.
29. We reached Antigua, seat of the Government of the
Leeward Islands, on the morning of Thursday, the 18th of March,
and r depen: nm in the island till Monday, the 22nd of the same
month, ing evidence from 25 witnesses, receiving written
Ie an. and visiting. several districts of the island. The
poverty of many of the inhabitants was forcibly brought to dd
notice during these excursions, and by our residence in St. John'
as well as by the written itd oral sppe nikde to us for
430. The population of Antigua is 36,119. The area is ‘the
50 acres.
431. The value of the total exports of the produce of the island
in 1882 was 262,145/, in 1896 this had fallen to about 127,000/.
The value of the exports of sugar and molasses for 1882 was
260,1972, or for 1896 it was £118, 634, being 96 per cent. and 91
per cent. of the total exports for these years respectively. Hardly
any rum was exported from Antigua during this period, and none
has been exported since ed pee these figures it will be seen
how entirely Antigua is depen upon its exports of sugar and
molasses, and how great the A e in We value of these has been.
432. There are no em central factories, and, except at one
estate, vhich has a vacuum pan and centrifugals, sugar is made
385
by the muscovado process, which in Antigua, as in Barbados,
See pro table, owing to the scie fitness of the soil for pro-
ucing a cane juice yielding a rich and valuable quality of
fiios peculiar to these islands and St. Kitts, and having, until
ed a special market value There Aem Pe during recent
cultivation has diminished. In 1882 the amount of sugar
exported was 12,769 tons; in 1896 it was 13,714 tons. The great
bulk of this export goes to the United States market
436. In Antigua, as in all places which epend Apon the export
of muscovado sugar, the great fall in the demand for molasses has
been an additional blow to the sugar industry. n 1882 the
quantity of the molasses exported was 8,369 puncheons, valued
at 41,8457, in 1896 i it fell to 2 are puncheons, of the value of only
7 A791., and it was stated i memorandum quoted above that
there has lately been an cierran to sell some whole of the crop.
497. All that has beea said under the head of Barbados
respecting the prospects of ihe muscovado industry applies with
equal force to Antigua
. The prospects of is saga ‘industry might, no doubt, be
improved by the erection of central factories. There is no chance
whatever of this being done by eae 2 enterprise, and, if done at
all, it must be done with the assistance and at the risk of the
Government. We cannot advocate this course in the case of
Antigua with as much Sienen as in that of Barbados. Antigua
is more liable to drought, and some difficulty might be ctam
in securing a sufficient water supply for large factories ; more
the plantations have not yet dep ipn from the attacks of dila
to the same extent as they have in Barbados. There are, however,
suitable places in Antigua for the establishment of such factories,
and if the success of the experiment in Barbados is such as to
justify its ce rd im elsewhere, Antigua may be regarded as the
next best field
Ein the ev eni of a failure of the sugar industry the condition
of Antigua will be one of very great distress and difficulty. No
other industries can supply the place of sugar. During the bad
season of 1895 there was a considerable export of logwood, but
the price of this product has fallen of late, and the supply in
Antigua is said to be, for the present, exhausted.
441. Some attempts have been m ade, not on a very large scale,
to grow pine- Wed and with success. They are sent to the
has had a trial, ahaa on this point the Syidwnde M». Tillison, ‘the
Curator of the Botanic d may be starr d to. Want of
knowledge and want of means of communication with the great
markets have beris in the nas of all minor industries.
tigua, as in several other islands, the Government
must, to meet D. altered circumstances, take steps—
To promote the settlement of the labouring population on
e land as peasant cultivators. Some Crown lands are
386
available for this purpose, and the low price of sugar has
made it necessary to dca qa some sugar estates, and may
bring others into the m
2. To provide more facilities - Sana E by steamer with
other islands.
3. To encourage and extend the work of the Botanic Station.
2 * L3 * 3k zh
444. Skerrett's Reformatory dem En pus farm attached to it—
of the expense of which some witnes complained—are, no
doubt, useful establishments if the Rep is able to afford
their cost, which in 1896 was 938/. net, for the combined
institutions, and they appear to be well manage
415. The publie revenue, however, is not des to the present
rate of expenditure. There have been of late years, successive
deficits, whieh have given rise to a floating debt on General
Revenue Account, now amounting to upwards of 20,0007., in
addition to the funded debt of 138,000/. These deficits have
d tax
of S an acre on land planted in sugar-cane—which the industry
is not in a condition to bear—-ls. on other —— Ta and 14.
on other lands, and though additional reven become
necessary, it is not easy to see how fresh Aa can = imposed.
446. If the sugar industry fails, the future of Antigua will be
more gloomy than that of either St. Vincent or St. Lucia. The
teste are less, the liability to drought and hurricanes is
grea he scale of public expenditure will have to be
P eogreiaivols Se ed, the standard of living will become very
low, and the papidation will probably diminish. In the meantime
the island must for some years be i eng unable to provide for its
own adgiicantrative needs and be a burden upon Imperial
resources.
xi.—ST. KITTS-NEVIS.
447, St. Kitts and Nevis lie close together and form one
Presidency under asingle Administrator. Wearrived at P
the chief town of St. Kitts, on the evening of Monday, the 22nd
of March. We took evidence, during the 23rd and 24th, from
22 witnesses, aa on the 25th we visited the island of Nevis, and
after returning to Basseterre, left the same evening for Jamaica.
448. The estimated present population of St. Kitts is 31 ,900, and
of Nevis, 13,700. The total area in acres of St. Kitts i is 41 851, and
of Nev
in Nevis, are stated t o be bos eficially oceupiec ed by oa ation
and it is said that all ee that could at present be cultivated with
profit is utilized. The total area of cultivable land is, however,
given as about 29,000 acres for St. xu and 24,000 for Nevis.
449. There is daily communication steam ferry between
Basseterre, the capital of St. Kitts, and INA in Nevis, à
distance of about 14 miles.
387
450. Asin Antigua, the population is dependent upon the sugar
maie the products of which are prac deos the only export
the nd 18
island. 82 the value of the sugar ex Yoon was
283, 1087., of rum 3, 980/., and of i lis "36, 373l., making a total
of 54617 I D rrespon s were suga
325 f n 1896 the co ding figure ug
M er rum 1,856/., molasses 7 pee making a total of Mets 2451.
451. The an of sugar manufactured is almost entirely
muscovado. The amount in 1882 was 18,601 tons, and in 1896
14,822 tons, the difference in quantity being due to difference in
seasons, rather than to any diminution of the area under cultiva-
tion. From 1884 to 1896 an average of about 400 tons of vacuum
pan sugar was manufactured on one estate chiefly for local
consumption.
452. At present the only markets for the Pree produced are
the United States, and, to a small extent, Cana
457. We inquired as to the reason of this zr bad between
St. Kitts and Nevis as to the ownership of land, and find that it
is ulis is bak estates in Nevis having been broken up and
sold in sm ots in previous years. Mr. Roden, the District
Migretrate of Ne evis, stated e duse peasant proprietor's land was
"eimi CHE deem the e
460. We desire to attent the evidon given
by Mr. Kortright, the Em of Public Works, with
reference to the idea of the mountain lands. In
Seething the upper lands. It would be very desirable to
ake measures to prevent the deforesting of land above a certain
altitude. Some of such lan ad is no doubt included in the area
returned as cultivable. T
466. If there is no improvement in the sugar trade the revenue
in St. Kitts will fall very considerably. Neither the official staff
nor the general pue ene fena can be very suddenly reduced
in view of the impending distress, and for some years deficits
may be POSES 5g volti us and even to increase, During this
period St. Kitts-Nevis, as ie as Antigua, must be dependent
upon the British Governmen
467. We desire, however, : ro the opinion that there is
room for some economies in the Government of St. Kitts-Nevis,
and that efforts ptg p dide to approach to a more simple and
inexpensive for f Government throughout the Colony of the
Leeward I RP s Ret that which it has been deemed necessary
or desirable to maintain in the days of their greater prosperity .
14687 ; D
988
xii.—JAMAICA.
468. We arrived at Kingston, the capital of J amaica, on günda,
the 28th of March, and remained there or in the immediate
Mio Saee Noo until the 10th of April. We held publie pomo»
n five days, and examined 63 harin and also took other
meni of maki ing ourselves acquainted with the condition and
prospects of the island. On the 10th Apri a We proceeded by the
recently completed railway to the town and port of Montego eut
at the north-west extremity of the island, and embarked on the
Talbot, in which we were taken on the 12th of April to Port Maria
on the north coast. E Por i the Custos of the parish,
Dr. Pringle, had made arrangements by which we were Meses
to drive through a consic Meridie pole. of country which was
formerly under cane, but has now been successfully brought odas
banana cultivation.
469 the Were we rejoined the Talbot at Port Antonio, and
eem there until the morning of the Pos when we finally
left Jamaica, fen a stay of 17 days in the Islan
. During our stay at Port Antonio we visited some impor-
tant banana plantations, and obtained much information regarding
the banana industry from various persons, especially from Captain
Baker, one of the early and successful originators of the trade.
Port Antonio, it may be noted, is now, owing to the banana trade,
a thriving place. It is the Pee port of departure for steamers
carrying fruit to the United State
471. Jamaica lies at a AEE a distance from the other
British West India islands, and ee cne of the group of the
Greater Antilles, which comprises Cu Ris E and nues Rico, all
f which are foreign. The island is - 310 miles from the
Continent of America, 90 miles south of OM: and 100 miles west
Haiti. It has little connexion or trade with any of the other
British West Indian Colonies, but has very frequent communica-
tion and a good deal of trade with the United States, as well as a
fair amount of trade with the United Kingdom and Canada, but
the trade with the United Kingdom has diminished of late years,
whilst that with the United States has largely increased
412. The island has an area of 4,207 square miles, and is, there-
fore, one-fourth larger than all the other British sugar-pr UE
islands taken together, and although British Guiana, on the m
land of America, is about 25 times as large as Jamaica, it had Hair,
in aUe a population of 278,328, as compared with 639,491 in
Jam
73. Of the total area, 330,000 acres are still in forest, 80,000
acres consist of swamps and rocky or other useless lands, and
693,694 acres are returned as oveupied by cultivation. A large
portion of the cultivable land is situated at a considerable height
above the sea, and no less than 1,133,600 acres of the land that is
classed as cultivable are situated at or above an elevation of more
than 1,000 feet. Coffee is grown at various heights up to 5,000
feet, and the mountain coffee is much prized, being sold at from
5. to 6l. a hundredweight. Owing to the variety in elevation
and the great fertility of the soil, nearly all tropical and sub-
tropical plants can be cultivated with success. The island is
389
however, dei to severe droughts, and occasionally to floods,
and at the time we visited Jama aica an exceptionally severe
drought was causing much distress and loss.
474, Whilst British Guiana, which may be considered at present
i )6
ee, logwood, bananas, oranges, pimento, ginger, cocoa, cocoa-
nut, tobaeco, and otis? articles of export, the value of whi ch, as
shown in the returns of 1895-96, amounted altogether to about
1,415,0007., as against 360,059/., the value of the exports of sugar,
rum, and m olasses.
475. Jamaica is, therefore, in a better position to Foie a falling
off in the sugar trade than any of the other West Indian bee
except Grenada, which has ceased to produce su mi xcept for
local consumption, and is supporting itself entirely by other
pe ets.
affect the welfare of a considerable body of planters and of 5
persons who are stated to be directly concerned in sugar cultiva-
tion, whilst many others are more or less dependent on the sugar
industry, such as ie cattle breeders and persons connected w ith
the shipping i inte .
he setienated population in March 1896 was 694, ten
According to the census of 1891 the Cera which was the
639,491, comprised 14,692 whites, 121,955 coloured persons, 488, 624
blacks, 10,176 East Indians, 481 Chit: and 3,623 of miscel-
laneous race
. If the present estimate of the population is correct, there
has been an increase of 55,374 in the five years ae in March
1896, following an increase of 58,087 i in the ten years
to 1891. "The population is, no doubt, rapidly paai but the
increase is much greater among the black and coloured population
than among the whites. The coloured (or brown) population has
much increased of late years in numbers and in influ uence.
the time of th ncipation, in 1834, the population was made
up of 311,070 peers 15,000 whites, 40,000 coloured people, and
5,000 free blacks.
80. The revenue provee by the Government of Jamaica
which in 1881-82 w 56,035/., had risen to 807,8937. in 1895-96,
but of this latter ibo 161, 7901 consisted of " vnd are sty led
appropriated revenues, derived from taxation for | purpose
80,5811. of the amount being devoted to roads, and re 2. “6007. to vods
relief. This a propriated revenue has risen to its present large
amount from 90,4407. in 1881-82, and in 1882-83 was only 85,6347.
The general revenue vin 1895-96, if the appropriated or ‘local
taxation is deducted, was 646,10: BL; and of this. no lees than
499,511/. was from customs and excise.
493. The number of holdings of land in ^is faland i is 99, 979, of
which 81,921 are under 10 acres each. In 1882 there were only
52,608 holdings, of which 43,707 were under 10 acres each,
14687 : D2
590
Even allowing for the fact that some persons may hold two or
more plots of land, it is clear that the island sessi UNE a
very large and increasing number of peasant proprie
4. The Crown Land Regulations offer facilities for p settle-
ment of the sahouring population on the land, and as sugar estates
are abandoned some of them will probably fall into gio hands of
sey der the me a ues made with the Jamaica Railway
Company land was to be made over to the company on the
eine that 70,356 acres have already been actually selected and
conveyed to the West India Improvement Company, and 6,444
acres which will shortly fall into the hands of the Government
will also be conveyed to them. No use appears to have been
made of this land so far, and the Government has intimated to
the company the risk which they incur by allowing squatters to
settle upon their properties, as 12 years’ undisturbed possession
quis give them a valid title. It is to be hoped that these lands of
me npany may soon be made available for purchase and
settlem
496. "eed of the evidence which we received does not give à
people, and there was a tendency on the part of some witnesses
to dwell a good deal on Tem praes Xa of the Jamaica
peasantry, but there is «ule doubt that the bulk of them are in a
position which compares not unfavourably with that of the
peasantry of most cras in the world, and the facts stated in
the following paragraph show that the EROR of the labouring
Moves can hardly have doberious ed.
In the last 10 years the number of sa vings bank accounts
of iie amount of 5/. and under has nearly PEEN The census
returns of 1891 show that in the ten years, 1881 to 1891, there had
been an increase of 30 per cent. in the number of persons able to
read and write. The acreage of provision grounds has increased
more than 30 per cent. in ten years. There are 70,000 holdings of
less than 5 acres. The area in coffee, usually in small lots,
increased in ten years from 17,000 to 23,000 acres. More than
6,000 ale caper mills are owned by the peasantry. The number
of enrolled scholars was 100,400 in 1896, as against 49,000 in 1881,
while the actual average daily attendance at schools had increased
from 26,600 to 59,600. These facts indicate considerable advance,
though no doubt in certain districts ao people are poor. Distress
was, perhaps, more apparent at the time of our visit than is
usually the case, for there was a severe drought, the logwood
industry, which had been flourishing, had fallen off, and employ-
ment on railway works ha
498. On the whole there appears to us no ground for
despondency as to the future of Jamaica, either in view of the
possible failure of the sugar industry or on general considerations,
but it is most desirable that the settlement of the people on the
land should be encou
501, The results, in any case, of a ode off in sugar produc-
tion will not be so serious as in other West Indian Colonies, and
391
we ascertained by personal 2 and inquiry that in two
large parishes at least, where sugar cane cultivation has ceased
nd bananas have been sib Cups. a larger population is now
maintained than existed in former days, nor was there any reason
to suppose that there was any special poverty in those parishes.
502. It i. not follow that all abandoned ee sain dcus
be made to produce bananas, but we received evidence that
such estates were capable of producing abundant c o s of fedi
and that in some cases portions of coffee estates which had been
abandoned owing to the supposed exhaustion of the soil could,
under certain conditions, which are mede to by Dr. Morris, be
xm brought under the same cultivat
. The new United States tariff pli a considerable tax on
the import of oranges, which will probably t the export of
this fruit from os di value of which in 1895-96, owing to
the failure of the crop Flo m was 169,7947., though in
previous years the a iiie generally less than one- -fourth of
this amount.
504. The report of Dr. Morris shows E AN A how the trade
of Jamaica has altered in the last fifteen years, and how far other
products have made up for the falling off in sugar, and it is
manifest that if the new industries €—ÀÁ ico may be expected,
and if the sugar industry can be carried on at a profit the Island
will be in a fairly prosperous condition, Aem it must be
always subject, like other countries which depend solely on
agriculture, to depression in prices, with the addition of the
drawback of droughts | and. floods as is usual in tropical
506. The Bowie EDE EE, of the Island is fully described
by Dr. Morris. It has done excellent service in the development
of various industries, and has no doubt heiped the sugar industry
also by attention to the best methods of cultivation, and by
endeavouring to improve the canes, It has also imparted
employed in conjunction with the Botanical Department in
analysing the soil and its products.
507. There is evidence that good results have arisen from the
action of the Jamaica DEI and of the two agricultural
associations that exist in the Colony.
508. Before we conclude our remarks on Jamaica some reference
must be made to the system of coolie immigration in the Island,
By the last return received there were 14,128 East Indian
immigrants in Jamaica, of whom 3,762 were still serving under
in 1845, and 8,809 have returned to India, Under the present
system the whole cost of er cei of Indian immigrants and of
their passages to and from India is paid by those who employ
them, the Government esten the cost of the supervising and
medical und in the Islan
rly and until quite recently the immigrants were
imported rail exclusively for the sugar planters, though a small
392
proportion were assigned to coffee estates. Of late, however, they
have been allotted to work on banana plantations. This may
lead to complaints by peasant cultivators of bananas that the coolie
is imported to compete with them, but if such complaints arise
the discontinuance of immigration in Jamaica enu the preson!
system, although we look forward to a time when, owing to
pin Sar in the industrial habits of the negro, 6s will bo
no necessity to import labour. We recognise that there is
evidence to show that on public works, and even on some estates,
the Jamaica negro is an excellent labourer, but there is also
evidence that on »ome estates, though not on all, it is difficult to
carry on cultivation without a propo xg of indentured coolies,
whose services can always be depended o We therefore think
it will be wise to abstain from cse any change at present
in the cne system, under which, as the planter pays heavily
for introducing coolie labour, he has a strong inducement not to
apply for coolies, unless he thinks they are absolutely essential to
the working of his estate.
Part HI.
CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS AND SUMMARY.
i.—OBLIGATIONS OF THE MOTHER COUNTRY.
210. In Parts I. and II. of our Report we have expressed the
opinion that the sugar iudustry in the West Iunoni is in danger of
d ainoa; that no industry or series of industries can
in the s of a few years supply its paeas ; and that some of the
Colonies will for a time be unable to meet the necessary and
unavoidable cost of Vessel including payments on account
of the public debt. We have also recommended the adoption of
measures having for their object the substitution of other industries
for the cultivation of the sugar-cane, and the general amelioration
of the economic condition of the people, as well as the relief of
the distress which may arise in many place
911. The carrying out of our ronima Ri must involve the
expenditure yearly of a considerable sum of money which the
Colonies will, in their altered condition, be unable to provide.
The more depressed the condition of any Colony may be the
greater will be its need for ata ite funds ed the less will be
its ability to raise them from its o resources, and we consider
that in one form or another ince oes ie by the mother
goan on behalf cf the West Indian fe are inevitable.
512. Justification for this view can no doubt be ee in the
nature of the relations which exist Lawes a mother country and
such dependencies as Your Majesty’s West Indian possessions,
Bat in this instance we desire to draw a to peculiar
circumsiances, which, in our opinion, impose a special and an
unusually strong obligation upon the Home Government,
393
513. The black population of these ee was originally
placed in them by force as slaves; the race was
increased under artificial conditions aka nna A by the authority
of the British Government. What the e people were at the time of
emancipation, and their very ppm in the Colonies at all, were
owing to British action, or the action of sens European
nations for the results of HN policy the United Kingdom
assumed responsibility on taking possession of the eee a in
question ; we could not, by the single act of freeing them, divest
ourselves of responsibility for their future, which must necessarily
be the outcome of the past and of the present. For E ons
en on
maintenance of the progress that they have made hitherto. We
cannot abandon them, and if economic conditions become such
that private enterprise and the profits of trade and cultivation
cease to attract white men to the Colonies, or to keep them there,
this may render it more difficult for the British Government to
discharge its obligations, but will not in any way diminish the
force of them. We have placed the labouring population where
it is, and cr eated for it the conditions, moral and material, under
which it exists, and we cannot divest ourselves of responsibility
EC its future
. There is also another consideration, which in our opinion
ought not to be overlooked. The distress which is beginning to
be felt by the population ; the difficulty in which some of them are
already, or may soon be, placed of finding a livelihood ; the still
e ‘certain difficulty of providing for their government and
education, will be due to the failure of the sugar industr y, which is
to the bounties which some of them grant on the production
or export of sugar. To some extent at any rate these bounties
and this policy have made sugar cheaper outside the countries in
question, a result by which the British consumer has gained
very largely. Whilst, therefore, it is unfair to ed that the cause
of the depression in the West Indies is due to any act of the
British Government, we cannot overlook the fact that the British
people e been reaping great benefit from precisely that set of
circumstances which has been a factor in bringing the West
Indies to the verge of serious "men ter
515. In our opinion, this makes it impossible for Your Majesty's
Government to take a narrow view of the question, seed k the
British people not only have gained, but continue to gain pro-
be generous in discharging the obligations of the mother country
to those dependencies which suffer so severely from the operation
of the bounty system
iii.—THE UNITED STATES MARKET.
516. Some witnesses complainisias Sin in their opinion the
Colonies had been hampered in ing advantageous com-
mercial arrangements with the United ied
394
517. Notwithstanding the failure of negotiations with the
United States in 1884-85, we are not convinced that the eee
have hitherto lost valuable opportunities of this kind, or hav
been debarred from obtaining benefits which would have pesn
lastin.
518. As a matter of fact, on the most recent occasion when it
was possible to make special terms with the United States, the
West Indian Colonies were able to take measures owing to whic
their sugar was admitted free of dut
519. The benefits, however, of this arrangement were not 80
great as was expected, and the agreement did not last, but was
put an end to by a change of policy in the United States. The
same disappointment and the same fate might have befallen any
special arrangement for reciprocity
520. Hawaii is the only county which has been able to make a
special treaty of det Set with the United States which has
lasted ; but Hawaii, owing to various causes, especially to the
large siventiients: of pue Tn capital in its sugar industry and
to the general development of ear policy with regard to it,
sate no analogy to the bue Indie
It does not, however, follow because there has been no
ainé in this grievance in the past that there may not arise
ardship in the future. It is impossible to foresee what offers or
demands may be made by the United States, or what opportu-
nities may arise
T The question of special reciprocal tariff arrangements has
T S ed by the provision made in the Revenue Law of the
United 8 tates by which the President is empowered to enter into
commercial treaties with countries willing to give advantages to
the trade of the United States, and in return for such advantages
io grant a reduction by 20 per cent. of the duties imposed by the
ct.
523. The United States is the nearest and therefore, in one
sense, the natural market for West Indian produce. It may be
that in time the United States, psu by the development of their
own beet industry or in other ways, will succeed in supplying
their own market and so cease to take or to need West Indian
sugar, But at present tnis is not so; and perhaps may not be so
for along time. In the meantime, therefore, the British Govern-
ment should take care that if the West Indies lose the market of
the United States, it shall not be owing to provisions in Imperial
treaties, which could be removed without involving a loss to the
Empire which would be altogether out of proportion to the gain
that would accrue to the West Indies.
524. It would be very oora nate z at a time when conditions
excluded from actual or possible markets elsewhere; and a serious
political difficulty would arise if at such a time the exclu usion were
to be the direct consequence of the Imperial connexion. For such
Eu QO
395
iii.—DANGER OF DEPENDING ON A SINGLE INDUSTRY.
525. The recommendations involving expenditure by the
mother country, which we have considered it our duty to make,
are based primarily on the present and prospective eco of
the sugar industry in the West Indies, but they a e of such :
nature that they should, in our o od inion, be carried Süt even if the
sugar RS were restored, temporarily, to a condition of
prosperity
526. It is never satisfactory for any country to be entirely
dependent upon one in pert Such a position is, from the very
nature of the case, more or less Less de ese € must in the case
of the West Indies peels. in a preponderating influence in one
direction tending to restrict development in bere ways.
The representatives of the sugar industry in the West
Indies have had special means of weed ing the Governments of
the isses Colonies, and of putting pressure on the home
ent to secure attention to their views and wishes. Their
land, and the encouragement of the —— and forms of culti-
vation suitable for a class of peasant proprietors formed no part
of their policy ; n measures were generally believed to be
opposed to their interests, which they regarded, no doubt, as
vri with pe best interests of the com munity, and in, at
least, some of the Colonies met with opposition at their hands.
If a ditferent de had found favour, the condition of the West
Indies might have been dh less serious — it is at present in
view of the t Ae of the sugar industry.
528. The ral statement regarding the Gasa of depending
on a single indestry applies with very special force to the
dependence of the West Indian Colonies upon the sngar industry,
for the cultivation of sugar collects together a larger number of
people upon the land than can be employed or supported in
the same area by any other form of pe aa eel In addition to
this it also unfits the people, or at any rate gives them no
training, for the management or cultivation of the soil for any
other purpose than that of growing sugar cane. The failure,
skill, or habits zedquisito for erii a or use of the land. In
this one industry is still more dangerous. In these cases not
only is there a yearly charge upon the public revenue to meet the
cost of immigration, but a liability for back passages is incurred,
Which a failure of the industry would leave the Colony without
funds to meet.
529. Whilst, therefore, the vital importance of the sugar industry
to the pr esent. prosperity of nearly ail the Colonies is beyond dis-
pute, we wish to observe that so long as they remain dependent
396
nba sugar their position can never be sound or secure. It has
come a commonplace of criticism to remark upon the perpetual
ss mis ce of crises in the West Indian Colonies, and we submit
that the repeated occurrence of such crises, as well as the fact that
the present crisis is more ominous than any of the previous ones,
illustrates the danger to which we have referred, and adds much
force to our recommendations for the adoption of GE measures
to facilitate the introduction of other industries
iv.—THE COST OF RELIEF.
530. We have no doubt that if there is so jiu a failure of
the sugar industry as now x see probab of Your
pap ys — d in the West Indies will be Pina for a time
meet the t of public elrabi as well as to raise the
pa eds for the relief of distress, and, in some cases at
least, for meeting engagements with the East Indian immigrants.
1 1
e
in sufficient time to provide employment for the people and to
prevent the revenue from falling off. In such islands as Bar-
bados, St. Kitts, and Antigua, it is extremely improbable that any
new industries that can be established will ever completely take
maintain themselves in the same degree of comfort. The revenue
may be. diri aane lower than it is at present, and the adminis-
tration must be carried on in a more economical manner, and,
probably, with pot loss of efficiency.
531. The islands which are in the best position are Grenada,
Jamaica, add Trinidad, and we do not anticipate that either of the
two latter will require special assistance from the Home Govern-
ment. The amount of veil which the other Colonies and
islands may require we find ourselves unable to estimate. It must
depend very largely on the tbe to which and the rapidity with
which the sugar industry may succumb. We have, however, no
hesitation in recommending that the Home Government should
undertake to meet for a period of ten years the cost of the Botanic
Department and Botanie Stations which we have DI —€—
be established, and in this assistance which is given to
immediate d Grenada, though sons les better of
should shar
932. The total cost may be placed at 9,700/. yearly for Tobago,
Grenada, St. Vincent, Barbad os, St. Lucia, Dominica, Montserrat,
Antigua, and St. Kitts-Nevis. This department should be ad-
ministered by an Imperial officer, who would also act as consulting
officer to the Colonies of Jamaica, Trinidad, and British ie
when they wished to obtain the benefit of his advic
islands which we have named already mane. ae Stations at
their own cost, with the exception of Tobag mme
that they be relieved of the charge they now te on Ar aad,
which amounts to about 3,200/. a year. This arrangement will
not, in the long run, throw any additional burden on the Home
Government, as we feel sure that the islands in question will -
397
due assistance for general purposes, and if they are relieved of
the cost of the botanic stations this assistance will be or-
Hea reduced. If the Governments of the various Colonies
contributed to the cost of the Botanic Establishment a sy qeu of
divided control woùid be established, a result which, the
interests of efficient administration, we consider it dabi to
avoid. e yearly cost of this officer with his assistant and office,
and including provision for the publication of papers on subjects
of practical interest, may be taken at 2,7007.
533. A grant of 1,0007. yearly for experimental cultivation of
sugar cane should also be given, and an equal sum to meet the
cost of rewards to guccessful cultivators and to assist elementary
schools in teaching agriculture.
534. We also think it desirable um where higher schools exist
some arrangement shou e ma or the teaching of scientific
agriculture. The yearly cost Would probably be 2,6 (007.
535. We think that the cost of the subsidies to the steamers
which will provide frequent and regular communication between
certain islands as well as the cost of fruit steamers between
St. Vincent, ad and New York, should be borne by the
ome Government. There is practically no other means of
providing the necessary funds. These subsidies should not exceed
10,0007. yea
536. The p annual cost to the Home Government of ou
recommendations in connexion with the Botanic DEAE OAE
scientific agricultural Mesue and subsidies to steamers, will
therefore amount to 27,0
291. We think it out of T question that Your Majesty's Noe
Indian possessions should, under any circumstances, be allow
of that term the necessity for their continuance on the same or a
reduced sca ei hus a further period of five years will be subject to
reconsiderat
538. The assistance for the Botanic Department and agricultural
education shou e granted for ten years.
539. It should be clearly laid down that after the expiration of
ten years Your Majesty's Government will have an absolutely free
hand as regards reducing or abolishing altogether the amount of
assistance of whatever kind to be granted yearly.
540. In the case of Barbados we have alre ady recommended
that money should be lent by the Honié Government for the
purpose of dubius central factories. We do not think that a
larger sum than 120,000/. would be required for this purpose in
eid first UT and we Bul that the loan will not, in the long
e any burden on the Imperial Exchequer. If, however,
de tairis failed to work at a profit, the loss must ultimately fall
on the mother country, as neither mus V northe Colony coul i
in such a contingency fir id the . Onthe otber hand if the
scheme succeeded, it might be tendu in Barbados, and possibly
in other islands also
541. We propose ‘that the assistance which we have alre ready
recommended should be given unconditionally. But it is more
398
than probable that further assistance will be required by some 2
the Colonies, and we do not propose that such assistance, if give
should be unconditional. St. Vin ne a n St. Kitt en
Dominica, Montserrat, Barbados, Briti n Gunn and, etn As
St. Lucia and Trinidad, may all cttm assistance for one or more
of the following purposes:—To enable them to avoid bankruptcy,
or to relieve distress, or to deal with the East Indian immigrants,
or to make roads, or e settle the labouring population on the land,
or to promote emigration. If a Colony should require assistance
of this nature it ahonid be made a condition of any grant by the
granted, the Colonial Government shall consent to such modifica-
tions of its political constitution as Your Majesty’s Government
may consider to be necessary in order to ensure economy and
efficient pore
ea We shall not attempt to make a complete estimate of the
unt ot d ssistance which these Colonies may require as it
dutioiids aftogettior on the extent to which an sugar industry fails,
the rapidity with which it fails, and the rate of progress in sub-
stituting other industries. It is, however, yer that a consider-
able amount of PUR will be uum red in any case, and of this
nants we are able to make an est cist
3. The Islands a St. Lucia, St. on Montserrat, Antigua,
and St. Kitts-Nevis have floating debts which represent accumu-
lated deficits, the money having been raised on short-term
debentures. The most economical course will be to clear these
debts off at once, by a grant from the -— poda and we
think that ilar assistance duld be given to Tobago. These
islands at present pay interest at the rate of 4 per ce itt on their
floating debt, and it will be cheaper to pay off the debt for them
than to supply them with money to pay interest charged, and
repay instalments of the principal. The amount of the grant
required ma be taken at 60,0007.
544. In Lucia, St. Vincent, Antigua, St. Kitts- deos
Dominica, ad Montserrat the revenue does not equal the
expenditure at present, and we think it likely that grants
amounting in the aggregate to 20,0007. a year may be required for
some time.
545. The Government of St. Mass, will sos re a grant to
enable it to take possession of some of the existing sugar estates
ra to allot them to negro layat, and Dominica should
ceive a grant to enable is to open up communication with some
riser Me ot the most fertile and most accessible lands which
are at preseut oriista : rsd further extension of roads in,
Dominica, which are much needed, should be carried out
g rradually, as the resources of the Island ZH permit. The spec
grants to St. Vincent and Dominica may amount to 30,0007. Both
St. Vincent and Dominica may require Am mem some expenditure
to enable them to start banana cultivation, though we are not
without hopes that this may be done by unassisted mu
enterprise when it is known that steamers will be ready to carry
the fruit to New York.
399
546. Barbados and British Guiana have larger populations and
are no doubt wealthier Colonies, but their prosperity so greatly
estimate the amount or to say what the expenditure in British
Guiana in connexion with the immigrants might ves to. In
Antigua it is almost certain that expenditure must be incurred in
the relief of distress, and in that island as well as in armeve and
St. zpw € question of assisting emigration may become one of
great u
547. The aoit of emigration is extremely difficult to deal
with at the present time. The failure of the sugar-cane will
reduce the demand for serge in all the islands at the very time
when emigration from some of them will assume special impor-
tance, nor is it easy to see de what countries outside the limits of
the West Indies emigration could be successfully directed. The
pressure of events will stimulate the eri to emigrate, and
the subsidised steamers will facilitate it by affording a cheap and
regular means of communication between the different ae
>
themselves. In Trinidad and British Guiana there are large
Seon of land available for settlement, but under the circum-
stances that now exist the progress of emigration is not likely to
be so rapid as to provide for the large section of the West Indian
population that will be unable to find a living near their homes,
while the process of emigration will involve much hardship and
be attended with many difficulties.
v.—SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS.
548. ee we beg leave to submit the following summary of
our conclusio
a. The ioa deus in the West Indies is in danger of great
nde de which in some gom es may be equivalent or
st equivalent to extinct
b, The depoi of the induses" is due to the competition of
other sugar producing oracle and in a specia
the competition of beet sugar produced under a system of
bounties, It is also affected by hh protective tariffs, and
the SE. oe of cane sugar, the production of which
is specially co eee "de the Governments concerned.
The causes of the 'ssion may be described as permanent,
inasmuch as they are largely due to the policy of foreign
countries, and there is no indication that that poliey is
likely to be abandoned in the immediate future.
c. It is not due in any considerable degree to extravagance in
management, to imperfection in the pns s of manufacture,
or to inadequate supervision conseque
ship, and the removal of these causes, whoever they exist,
would not enable it, generally, to be profitably carried on
400
under present conditions of competition. In many places
in the West Indies, sugar is not manufactured according to
the best and latest processes, bat even the estates which
have introduced the best machinery suffer from the
depression, d we have little doubt that the latest machinery
would be much more generally employed but for the
goner and apparently well founded conviction that even
ith the assistance of such machinery the business could
dus be profitably carried on. In places where large factories
equipped with the best ma dae; cannot be established
owing to local causes it is doubtful if the sugar industry
could, under any circumstances, be restored to a condition
of permanent prosperity, except, possibly, in localities whie
€ very special advantages in soil, climate, and labour
Supply
d. The depression in the — is causing sugar estates to be
abandoned, and will cause more estates to be abandoned,
and such abandonment i is causing and will cause distress
among the labouring population, “including a large number
nd
of East Indian immigrants, and will seriously affect, for a
— time, the general prosperity of the sugar-
produc g Colonies, and will render it a oeihio for some,
and ae ps the greater number of them, to provide,
without external aid, for their own government and
administration.
e. If the production of sugar is discontinued or very largely
reduced, there is no industry or industries that could com-
pletely replace it in such islands as Barbados, Antigua, and
St. Kitts, and be profitably carried on and supply employ-
ment for the labouring population. In Jamaica, in Trini-
dad, in British Guiana, in St. Lucia, in St. Vincent, and to
some extent in Montserrat and Nevis, the sugar industry
may in time be replaced by other industries, but only after
the lapse of a considerable period and at the cost of much
displacement of labour and i eepA mp sumer Rg: M
Colonies where sugar can be com pletely or very largely,
replaced by other industries, the Colonies in question will
ye in a much sounder position, both politenity and econo-
iiicatly, when they have ceased to depend wholly, or to à
un a extent, upon the continued prosperity of a single
ost "ilis Ges, ver ry Mam affect the condition of the
inbouriniy classes for the worse, and would largely reduce
the revenue of the Colonies. In some places the loss of
revenue could be met to a limited extent by economies, but
this could not be done universally nor in a material degree
in most of the Colonies. Some of the Colonies could not
provide the necessary cost of administration, including the
relief of distressed and hodeiek p ersons, or of the sup-
port and repatriation (when pies ae of the East Indian
immigrants, without subventions from the mother country.
401
Jamaica, Trinidad, and Grenada may be expected to meet
from their own ene the whole of the expenditur
that is likely to fall on «
g. 'The best item orb for the state of things which we
have shown to exist would be the abandonment of the
bounty s nds by continental nations. "This change would,
in all probability, enable a large portion of the sugar-cane
eultivation to be carried on successfully, and would certainly
reduce sp rate at which it will diminish.
g, however, to what appears to be the policy of
the United States of "America , tothe great ee US of the
cost of production of beet sugar, and the fact that many
countries appear to have singled out the Prat industry as
one which ought to be artificially stimulated in various
ways, it is not clear that, even if the bounties were abolished,
another crisis of a similar character might not arise in the
West Indies at a future day.
h, A remedy which was strongly supported by witnesses
interested in the West Indian sugar estates was the imposi-
tion of gemini: duties on bounty-fed sugar when
imported into the United Kingdom
The majority of the prop cone have been unable to
support this course. The Chairman is of a different
opinion, and has stated his views separately on this point.
. The special remedies or measures of relief which we
unanimously recommend are—
(1. ^ Dis settlement of the labouring pe on small
of land as peasant proprietors
e) The establishment of minor agricu ultural industries,
the improvement of the system of cultivation,
especially in the case of small proprietors.
(3.) The improvement of the means of communication
between the different islands.
(4) The encouragement of a trade in fruit with New
York, and, possibly, at a future time, with London.
(9.) The grant of a loan from the Imperial Exchequer
for the establishment of central factories in Barbados.
The subject of emigration from the distressed tracts also
requires the Luc attention of the various Governments,
though we do not find ourselves at the present time in a
position to make tecommenintions in detail.
j. We estimate the cost of the special remedies recommended in
(2) (3) and (4) of d at 27,000} a year for ten years, the ex-
penditure to be borne by ‘the mother country. We estimate
ips amount of the loan to Barbados for the erection of
entral factories at e gu This measure no doubt
mvae es the risk of los
Grants will be fouaived in Dominica and St. Vincent
for roads, and to enable the settlement of the labouring
ELSE ERN on the land to be carried out, and their amount
ı at 30,0007. A further grant of about 60,0007.
aod ds clear off the floating debt in some of the
smaller islands.
402
In addition, tus nep islands should receive grants to
enable them ans iier expenditure of an
obligatory nature. The aie y be placed at 20,0007.
a year for five years, Mid possibly a gets amount t for a
further period of five year
The og which we are able to estimate may be
summarised as OWS :—
(1.) A grant of 27,0007. a year for ten Ein
(2) A grant of 20, 0007. a a year for five yea
(3.) Immediate grants of 60,000/. and 30, 0007, or 90,0007,
ina
(4.) A loan of 120,0207. to Barbados for the establishment
of central factories.
k, As to the amount of expenditure which it may be necessary
very great, if there occurred a sudden and general failure of
the sugar industry in Bardados and British Guiana, where
the population is comparatively large, and the people
depend so greatly upon the cultivation of the sugar-cane,
In such a contingency neither British Guiana nor Barbados
would be able to meet the necessary cost of administration
for, probably, a considerable number of years,
vi.—CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS.
555. We cannot close our report without expressing our strong
sympathy with the planters, who have struggled against very
adverse ee to maintain the sugar industry, and with
the very numerous persons who depend. directly or indirectly
upon that ducere nd have severely suffered from its decay.
Among the latter we would include not only the labourers, but
many of different races and a higher social class, who, as clerks,
overseers, artisans, tradesmen, or in professional vocations, have
been cape fOHabud by the depression in sugar
556. Our own task has been of a discouraging nature. Ourduty
has been to inquire into the condition of a depressed and failing
industry, and to consider if any means are possible for restoring
and maintaining the prosperity of those Colonies that depend
upon it, and, in any case, to suggest the establishment of other
industries which might supplement the cultivation of sugar cane,
and, in case of need, “provide means of subsistence for the people.
Our conclusions will, no doubt, disappoint many who have looked
for some immediate and substantial oe but, with the most
sincere lee o do all in our power help t the West Indian
co unit a have not felt E vd able- to make other
mm
PARARI ARS than those which we now humbly submit for
Your Majesty's gracious consideration.
(Signed) H. W. NORMAN.
E. GREY.
D. BARBOUR,
25th August 1897. ; i
403
DLXXXV. , EHSPTUHNA. ENR NOTES.
Mr. JOHN HENRY Hor , who was appointed Assistant
Curator of the Botanic Station at Pol Calabar, in the Niger Coast
Protectorate (Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 147), has returned to this
country after having completed his first term of service. He will
spend a part of his leave at Kew in studies connected with the
work of his department, and return to West Africa early next year.
MR. WILLIAM ScoTT, F.L.S., Director of Forests and Gardens
in Mauritius, died somewhat dh in Seotland on the 3rd Oct.
Scott, after a course of training at Kew, was appointed
rag Director in 1881, and neee Me Mr. Horne as Director
n 1893. He had lately arrived in this country on leave after
an absence of 16 years in the tropics, and apparently in excellent
health. Mr. Scott was a capable officer and thoroughly devoted
to his duties. His death will be a great loss to the Colony in
which he has so long served. He entered upon the charge of
Mauritius Gardens under singularly Javea circumstances, as
his first work was to restore the havoc wrought by the hurricane of
1893, which had nearly destroyed one of the most attractive gardens
in the East. By dint of great zeal and energy, he had T€
this work and left his department in excellent order. s he w
a comparatively young man, it was hoped that he had a career of
great usefulness before him. His meme death will be received
with great regret by all who knew him
Malpighi Celebration.—The celebrated Italian anatomist and
botanist, Marcello Malpighi, was a ieu tkt ooke and
Grew, not less illustrious in our own coun ry. was elected
an honorary member of the Royal Society in 1668, and in 1672
the Society published his great work ‘“ Anatome Plantarum."
On September 8th of the present year a monu ment to his honour
was unveiled at Crevalcore, near Bologna. The Royal Society
nominated Dr. Scott, F. RS. ey _Keeper of the Jodrell
: Laboratory, to represent it the occasion. He was,
unfortunately prevented by A $ the last moment from
travelling to Italy.
Botanical Magazine for October.—Cirrhopetalum robustum is a
New Guinea species, having yellow-green sepals, yellow and
rose petals, and blood-red labellum. The Kew plant was received
from Colonel Trevor Clarke, in 1893. Agave Bouchei, from
Mexico, has been in cultivation at Kew for about twenty years,
but it did not produce flowers till 1896 ; the flower spike w as two
feet long. Primula sinensis was raised from seed, supposed to
have been received from Ichang, and a plant was se sent to Kew by
Mr. Edmund Hyde, of Ealing, in December, t Calathea
wer T eken to be a native of Brazil, was sent to Kew from
the Imperial Botanic Gardens, St. Petersburg. The whole plant,
except the golden-yellow flowers, is clothed with long brown
hairs. Particular interest attaches to Pterisanthes polita, a
14687 E
. 404
member of the Vine family, which has one branch of the bifid
tendrils curiously flattened and bearing embedded male and
stalked marginal female flowers. It is native of the Malayan
Peninsula id Islands. The Kew plants were received from the
Botanieal Gardens at Singapore.
Hop Hornbeam.—Osírya carpinifolia, Scop. The death and
consequent removal of probably the finest specimen of this tree
in Britain, although a grafted one, has unfortunately to be recorded.
It stood near the Hardy Fernery on lawn L (7) of the Kew Key.
Plan. For several years it had not t been in good health, and on
being taken down, its roots were found to have been kiiled by
fungus mycelium. A portrait of the Us appeared in the
Gardeners’ Chronicle for September 30th, 1890, p. 275 ; another is
given by Loudon in his Arboretum. et TEulistiuia Britannicum
in 1838. The species, which is a native of South Europe, Asia
Minor, &c., was introduced to this conntry prior to 1724, as it is
mentioned in Furber’s V w sery Catalogue, published in that year.
The actual measurements of the Kew tree were as follows : height,
59 ft. ; spread of branches, 68 ft. ; girth of trunk 3 ft. from the
ground, 9ft.4in. Fruit was abundantly produced, but no perfect
seeds were ever developed.
Tropical Fern House.—The reconstruction of No. II. which holds
the collection TI Tropical Ferns, was com mpleted during the past
ummer history of the house is given in the Kew Bulletin
for 1895 (pp. 200, 201). The east wing was reconstructed in 1889
on the mixed system of iron and wood construction described in
the same volume (p. 300). The west wing and transept have now
also been reconstructed on this principle. The e ridge of the tran-
sept which formerly did not extend beyond the main body of the
building, has been continued across it with a great improvement
of both internal and external effect. 'The use of green glass has
now been altogether abandoned.
Nepenthes House.—During the past year a house has been erected
for the cultivation and exhibition to the publie of the fine collection
of Pitcher plants possessed by the Royal Gardens. They require
peculiar treatment for their successful growth, and this cannot be
given in a house devete to a mixed collection of stove plants and
always open to visitors. Hitherto the greater part of the collection
could only be grown in houses not accessible to the public, and
when exhibited was not ion to advant
The new Nepenthes House at Kew is a light dest -roofed
strueture built alongside the stove (No. IX.) in the T. range. It
is 70 ft. long, 12 ft. wide, and 9j ft. high ; the ^ is soie.
kn of hot
pipes that are deeply placed so nee they m be partially ed
with water if necessary. Abundance of moist heat is thus pro-
vided, so that the plants have "i on sh sate i they enjoy in
nature ‘provided for them. The new house has no external
doors ; visitors enter and leave it pg doors opening from the
405
stove, while employés can enter through a new and light potting
shed at one end. At present there are about a hundred speci-
mens of species and hybrids of Nepenthes in the new house, grown
in teak baskets, and suspended from the roof. The house was
opened to the public October 15th.
ne following is a list of the species and hybrids cultivated at
ew:
SP ;
Nepenthes albomarginata, Lobb, Singapore.
ampullaria, Jack, Ma laya,
— var. superba.
distillatoria, L. Ceylon.
gracilis, Korth. Borneo.
d. & Ro
Pervillei, Blume, Seychelles
Phyllamphora, Willd. Cochin China.
Vesper M, India.
elon
— val Sooke
sanguinea, Lindl, Malaya.
stenophylla, Mast. Borneo.
Veitchii, Hook. f. Borneo.
HYBRIDS.
Nepenthes amesiana (rafflesiana x ghar viernes
atrosanguinea (hirsuta x Sedeni).
coccinea (hookeriana x Phyllamphora).
cylindrica (Veitchii x Jj
dicksoniana arse x Veitchii).
Dominii (rafflesiana x unnamed sp.).
edinensis ( satiate x Chelsoni
formosa equestre x c distillatoria).
henryana (hookeri
Hookerae earan x Ph A
intermedia (rafflesiana x unname
mastersiana (sanguinea x distillatoria).
— var. pur
mixta (Curtisii x northia
ganae (hookeriana x Phyllam hora).
ratcliffiana ( Phyllamphora x ‘sake ana).
Stewartii (Phyllamphora x A
Sedeni oe x unnamed
406
HYBRIDS—(continued.)
. Nepenthes superba (hookeriana x Sedeni).
Wittei (Curtisii x unnamed sp.).
cw alis (Phyllamphora x hookeriana).
Williamsii (Sedeni x hookeriana).
Durian in the West Indies.—The well-known Durian tree of the
Indian Archipelago (Durio Zibethinus, L.) has been successfully
oduced t i in est i
rodu
growing in Ave ete of Dr. H. A. Alford Nicholls, C.M.G., at
t. Arom This was originally received from Kew with
eatery vdd lants sent out to the late Dr. Imray and to
Dr. Nicholls, in exchange for Dominica plants, contributed at the
private expense of the two gentlemen above mentioned.
plants already established there was given in the Bulletin for
July of the same year, pp. 10-12. It is gratifying to find that all
Dominiea, in order that plants may be raised for distribution to
other parts « of the Western tropics. One fruit was lately received
at T but, unfortunately, it did not arrive in good condition.
interested in the subject may see a fine plant of Durian,
about 15 feet high, in the Palm House, where it has been established
for about 15 years, but so far has not flowered.
Lily culture in Natal—ZLiliwm longiflorum, sis Harrisii,
popularly quic as the Bermuda Lily, has for some y
een gro a large scale in Persad for the Long of the
United States us Europe, the annual export of bulbs being of the
value of about £20,000. The bulbs arrive in England in September,
when they are planted i in pots and kept in frames or greenhouses
tillthey flower in April or May. Efforts appear to have been
— to ry Hee this lily in Natal for the European market, as
s shown by he following advertisement, which appeared in ‘the
Gardimés s Chronicle for April 17th, 1807 o
* Messrs. Protheroe & Morris will sell by auction at their Central
Sale ne on April 21st, a first biegen mental consignment of
4,000 Lilium Harrisii, grown for so gems in Natal, where the
habit of ined and size of flower dieci attained great perfection, in
addition to the season of flowering being entirely changed. The
sender anticipates that by being kept back, or by being potted and
allowed to come slowly, flowers of hie grand lily may be obtained
when nothing like ihem is in the m
These bulbs were equal in size id quality to those received
from Bermuda ; they realised about 15/- per hundred. About 200
were purchased for Kew. These fee planted in pots and placed
in the open air,where they grew to about a yard in height and
seco freely in September, ue months after the Bermuda
u = à
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
No. 132.] DECEMBER. (1897.
DLXXXVI—A BUDGET FROM YUNNAN.
The following extracts from a series of letters ue diego to
Kew by Dr, Henry during last year give an interesting picture
of the fascinating flora of Yunnan. Till within the feat: fow Mes
its botanical wealth had not been suspected. r. iry's
scientific work has only been accomplished in the intervals of
engrossing official duties. It is difficult to conceive what results
might not be obtained by a systematic scientific exploration of the
country.
From the point of view of geographical distribution, the most
. interesting fact is the southern extension of vegetation of the
Himalayan type. This is fused with a Chinese element purely
A former letter was printed in the Kew Bulletin for 1897
(pp. 99-101).
“Dr. A. HENRY to ROYAL GARDENS, KEw.
“ Customs, Mengtse, par Laokai, Tongking,
“ February 23, 1897.
* DEAR Mr. THISELTON DYER
* [ have just returned Hae an exceedingly interesting n to
Un country south of the Red River,in a district rule r by
n hereditary chief, who | etc me with great kindness
E I reached the great range separating the Red River and Black
River basins, densely wooded with large trees (20 feet in cireum-
ference) to near the summit, where they are replaced by thick
bamboo jist, so that the range, which is very long, is only
crossable by passes at different points. The altitude is 8,000 to
et. hi
tR
euo Camellias, Stuartia, &c. There was a Daphne (indica ?),
a shrub with deliciously scented white flowers, a Primula "
the summit, Ainslica, two or three species of Clematis, &c. T
or three An raliacee, ’ shrubs and trees, occur also up to the
summit.
“A very common tree was Oliver's Tetracentron pet an
enormous tree, but with the wood little esteemed. Its fruit spikes
were scattered every where, and its minute seeds had flown away.
16390—1375—3/98 Wt :0 D&S 29
408
* I spent two days on the Red River, where ls i reti is
tropical; the banana, tomato, Carica and Tamarind occurring
everywhere in the wild state. The bizarren of some of e»
fruits here was very striking. One tree (Dolichandrone Cauda-
Selina) = long pods (2 to 3 feet) with a dense covering of thick
rown exactly like the tail of an animal.
* On the plateau (7,000 — 6,000 feet) between here and the
Red River I found a curious Pr imula, with radical leaves
besetting its base like an onion; it wucseaatelly resists the grass
fires which here are universal, and flowers indifferently level with
he ground or on a peduncle 6 to 8 inches high.
“Immense evegreen oaks occurred in the mounitain forest.
“The most interesting part of the trip was the aborigines. In
the State, 20 miles by 20 miles, ruled over by the chief, not
including Chinese settlers, I met with seven distinct races, i.e.,
distinct physiognomy, speaking mutually unintelligible languages,
living apart, never intermarrying, and with different customs an
ress.
“ Their languages, of which I collected short vocabularies, fall
into three divisions, Shan, Miao-tze and Lolo, all of the Chinese
type, monosyllabic, non-inflectional. I found ‘the Lolo writing to
My in daily use. It is apparently derived from ancient Chinese,
y 2,000 years ago, and I have little doubt is the remnant of a
highly civilised State. If my information is to be trusted, books
e ioe interest will be found still existing in MS. in this
E "real red ‘deer. bears large and small, occur in the mountain
forests, the smaller bears leaving scratch marks on the trees, in
which they build nests to sleep in.
"Iba Ren id, I hope, the seeds of a friendship with the chief,
and hop o gain much t thereby, 7.¢., an intimacy with the abori-
singe: Thich | is a difficult matter indeed.
“April 30, 1897. TEM own collection has already attained gigantic
proportions. I hav mbered and labelled 660 distinct species,
without making a porte ble gap in the immense pile of bundles
of dried plants. I almost anticipate 3,000 species in this year's
collection, t.e., the year finishing on Ist July. My muleteer is
doing good work, being constantly on the road ; and I myself am
doing everything hii. » nois of r4 miles round Mengtse
which includes mountain 7,000 feet altitude.
* Franchet, I believe, pt palavai s species from Western
Yunnan to be in number, Both our collections will have at
least 5,000 species, and I venture to predict that Yunnan, when
thoroughly explored (say in the 20th century) will be found to
have 10,000 species of plants (phanerogams and ferns with their —
allies
“The Rhododendrons have been very captivating. They vary
in size from gigantic trees to the tiniest shrubs. The most
striking one is apparently confined to a mountain peak north of
here, some 20 miles. It has Moy oval leaves, about 12 inches
long by eight inches broad, bro n the under surface, and the
flowers are a delicate Grii saloa, quite large and very
numerous,
409
“The spp. of Clematis are about 20 to 25 species; Oaks 15
Rubus 15; Primulas 10 (these have been very disappoi nting in
number, and none is conspicuous in any way). The Conifers
nclude Cunninghamia, oh niles ia, Keteleeri ia, and three
species of Pinus; one of these is P. massoniana ; another
is very remarkable for its a ar white ces k and large
cones, RA ur edible seeds, perhaps allied to P. koraiensis and
P. Arma the third I have ju et os iius It is one —
big tree ated on om top of a mountain r four graves. I
haven't yet secured cones. It is | bone afully 3 2 aad in a ie
and with delicate, very green foliage, and a port different from
any pine I have seen in China
“ Talking of soap-trees, there are two here, Gleditschia elavay,
with its enormous pods, some 20 inches long, an
SUM m The latter is an exact eras of Sapindus PM IR
Of c e it differs technically in flowers and indumentum of the
leaves, Qe t no mere non-botanist n dream of putting them
in Eod. genera. I will send plenty of fruit of both (and —
: eg uminosce are very numerous ; Desmodium, Lespede.
and PUMA running riot in number of pario ^ have secured
some very northern forms, as a Fagus, a Betula,
“Tam inclined to think that isolation, as in Ec by its
multitudinous ee and valleys, must MUR a great part in the
invention of species, and the study of the flora of this
important factors in this evolution. One of the most curious so-
called species here is Hhretia corylifolia ; it is a distinct species,
ut how near it is to the common KHhretia macrophylla ! if Idon't
mistake, I think I shall get connecting links. Pari passu with
diversity of the genus Homo. One is inclined at first to think
that all the iia one hears of must be the same people often
under à new That is not so; the languages are distinct,
and the anial baratos are often very well marked, too.
* I have two Lolo MSS. and as yet can’t get a Lolo to come and
explain them. he investigation of this writing will throw,
I believe, a new light on Chinese. the native languages,
three great stocks (Miao-tze, Lolo, Shan) are of the Chinese
pe, t.e., monosyllabic, tonal, non-inflecting, noted uin bó
cum question of tones is a difficult e. One scarcely under-
tand any people beginning à M UA with past an slash:
ai as the Shan words :—
ma to come,
ma a dog,
ma a horse,
and so on in five or six ways altogether. I have an idea of the
origin, which I won't give away just yet. What do you think ?
Give a guess. Do you suppose such ‘hingi. as tones are original
and fundamental, or derived and secondary ?
“ Malay, which is poly syllabic and non-tonal connects on to the
Chinese group by certain peculiarities which don't occur in other
groups of visse Ps The Chinese group (¢.¢., Chinese, Miao-tze,
Lolo, Shan, Annamese, Siamese) display one curious s sub-division,
in some the adjective follows the noun always, in others (as
Chinese) it precedes the noun
16390 A2
410
* In addition to my own collection, I ect seine from ae
at Lungchow in Kwangsi province, some 400 species. Som
quite interesting. He sends me Tour efortia dae endbostas d which
is hitherto known only as an Oceanie plant (Formosa, Mauritius,
Philippines, Australia), and it is like us dict pies pn ni
anth witidifolia in this respect. By the latter
in cultivation ? He also sends me e draa as Selina,
which I found on the Red River. Its pods are the most comic o
Ceesal pinias have such a point ? It doesn't mean a time when tall
hairs of fruit of Puer aria thunbergiana, at least any at present.
The saan stick on the climbing shrub till they dehisce, and out
drops the seed.
"1 forgot to say that 1 have secured a magnificent sia OH
(the flowers are not precocious). Unfortunately I have 8
on. It would read take a dozen enthusiastic botanists to cope
with the work her
* The Lilies are only i ini = so far: Lilium Brownii (?), a lily
with yellow flowers us; and a small lily with a solitary
pink flower, and L. ibunt: The Orchids are very numerous.
But I could go on indefinite
“My siiki camera, “which has been four — on the
way from Haifong to here, is just about to arrive. n you give
any suggestions concerning the uses of pho ao aky f in botany ?
Of course, I suppose pictures of trees like the Paulownia, just
spoken of, pictures of curious fruits, &c., will be useful. I mean
some good scientific line. If you can, please answer the question,
and refer me to books or journals, if necessary, for illumination.
pushed on from Mandalay to Kun-lon on the River Salwen, and
that will mean another station. Already Wuchow is se on the
West river to Canton, or, to put it pictorially, five new places on
the five great rivers, five points of entry into Sou shar China.
Lungchow, which is in Kwangsi, and is be Bs connected by rail
with Haifong or Hanoi, does no trade vetotion]i d."
“June 3, 1897.—-1 find, when I go with my pony c the
woods, that the wild animals seem less frightened, so I g
glimpses bipes of deer, weasels, small black ones a larg
flying ones, of partridgen, pomt , snakes, etc. But the other
day I Moi oe Iw a deep ravin e, with the pony
e doz left Ent o on n ihe side of he hill above. I heard loud
411
and angry barking. I clambered up, and through the trees soon
oo a great spot of orange ; it loomed so large I thought it
t be a tiger. Further up I saw a beautiful leopard taking a
rate look at the pony. Loud I halloed—no sign of the dog;
the leopard skulked off over the hill. Sorrowfully I rode off,
making much melancholy reflection over poor “ Ad Z jue pu
To my astonishment I found him lying waiting for r
foot of the hill, in an open space where Ke Gould ook: all pres
He had been mauled, but not severely, by claws and teeth, but in
some mysterious way had escaped out of the leopard’s clutch.
“ They talk about the spots of the leopard being protective, A
there is no such brilliant object in nature as a leopard on
sunny side of a rocky hill. These beasts are nocturnal in ien
and perhaps his courage was less on that account, and he let the
dog go when the latter showed fight. How he did bark, so
angrily! Wallace is right about the put ness of animals. After
such a terrible encounter, the dog immediately was in excellent
Spirits, and had quite forgotten his danger. Curiously enough,
e pony wasn't a bit frightened either
s ioe regard to seeds, I will do Schi I can, especially later on,
when I shall have less plant collecting to do in our imm mediate
neighbourhood. But n is really a difficult matter collecting
seeds ; one arrives on the grou nd too late or too ea arly. I tried,
6.g., to collect seeds of ps niin Serra and rhodantha, common
plants, and reed to get a single seed. You may say, why not
employ a nativ Ah! you don't know the Yunnanese. My
eres, ro bl who elec plants, is the only man I know who could
or would do the work, and even he only does about one-tenth of
what I could do if I had his time. The others, Chinese and
aborigines, are too lazy for seed-collecting. I have secured bui
ue aborigine who would venture into foreign employment ;
ie) load but Chinese before. He is my groom, and is an
em
“The Pm is that if one had nothing else to do, one might
organize plans and people for carrying on such wor ut it is
difficult for me, as I have a good deal to do. And vat I doubt
of
The flowers of a certain eras ylum ncm cost me three visits
to one spot and an expenditure of six hours time
“ Money is not what is wanted, but Pid. oceans of time.
Nothing astonishes people at home so much as the fact, a real
fact, that in countries like China you cannot do every thing with
le.
money. Patience is more valuab I can get a good deal of
work d of Chinese on a trip, when I am with them, but not
otherw hinese are very susceptible to weather, a shower
Chinese p
breaks ‘their hearts; they don’t like going into jungle, as thorns
annoy them and tear their clothes. Now, I don’t mind
100 thorns ; I wait till I have a lot in, then sit down and pick
them out.
x: bo: ihe iei the root of the matter is an absence of
nervous Their industry, so much talked of, is unreal in
most parts p. "dio Empire. They are not exactly lazy, but they
412
don’t know how to begin to work, as compared with a European.
And as to their ever seriously fighting or competing in the arts
of peace or war with the Anglo-Celtic race, it is an idle dream.”
“July 19, 1897.—I would suggest, so great is the variety and
beauty of the Chinese flora, and so fit are the plants for the
European climate, that an effort ought to be made to send out a
small expedition, the funds, e.g., being provided by a syndicate of,
say, a horticulturist, a private gentleman or two, &c. I estimate
ages would cover the expenses for two years; and what I
uld recommend is that a man be selected who has just finished
his botanica studies 4t Cambridge. I mean, don't send a collector,
but a gentleman, a student and an enthusiast. 'The locality I
would suggest is the mountain range separating Szechwan from
Shensi, or thereabouts, eset we pene starting from Ichang in
April and covering two 8
“A person like me, Vit daily official work, can do little or
nothing. We live in towns, in the midst of cultivation, and the
distances to get to the hunting grounds are enorm and when
we do get there we are half worn out. "There is aen. onec qu
uncanny in the way in which herbaceous Laude disappear out of
view after they have had their gaudy season of flowering, and
when the plant is found the seeds are mbi or the capsules are
empty. Such are some of the difficulties.
* My own plant collecting, since I have been here, is enormous,
but at such an expenditure of muscular force! It would be
strictly paralleled by that of a bank-clerk in London who made
excursions on Sundays all over England, and two or three times
a year made hurried trips to the Carpathians and the Pyrenees.
The bank-clerk would really in such a way expend less energy.
*I have been reading your account of the Cy clamen, which
I find very interesting. In a place like this, where one is over-
whelmed with the multitudes of species of plants, one is
I
this province, and hinted at its possible wore aede but iL. dont
think now there has been the slightest glaciation here, ge clay is
simply a wash-out of the universal limestone, and what one finds
here is a country which has not been distorted. FAR Merl re for an
immense period. The country is cut up into innumerable valleys
and petty plains and isolated peaks; and isolation seems to be
the factor which has kept up so many different forms of life, once
they were started.
* Another interesting series of questions is to find out what are
the uses of the pupipeed adaptations one sees, e.g., what is the
use of the fur like the tail of a cat on the fruit (an enormous
fruit) of Dolichandrone Cauda-felina, a i hall tree which occurs
in the Red River valley. In this hot steaming valley there are
many extraor inary fruits; now-a-days there are scarcely any
large animals, cept tigers and leopards. But there are
multitudes of i e "eie ferocious ants reges destroy the foliage
of many trees for nest-building purpose
* [ assume that everything of this kind has a meaning, a use,
one could find it out, and people forget the part which vieles
415
and curious animals in former geological E have played.
Take the question of worms I think they do serve as protection
against animals, and are not, as regards their rss e ront when
once developed, mere beem of climate and soil changes
* I was quite disappointed in the spring flora here. The first
half of the year is rainless, and, except in woods with perennial
ee and streamlets, the whole country remains almost barren.
is
as coming up in the burnt grass hills is, of course, not a dodge
odes deba pst a dodge against the drought it sustains.
pt e point in conuection with the change in the
cultivated Prise sinensis which is not, I think, generally
e wild form occurs in such a different condition of
soil from what is adopted in egisse In the Yangtze gorges
the wild form grows on cliffs n practically earthless ledges, an
occurs, pig get wet. I am now speaking from memory, but I
think I am quite correct as to the habit of the wild plant. The
ledges, often hundreds of feet in length, present a beautiful
appearance at flowering time in the dry Sek | season. In con-
nection with this, there is no history to be got of when or how
the Chinese began ed eultivation of such plants, and it is quite
remarkable how few specimens of really wild forms of many
cultivated Chinese Vh tpe plants there are, and also curious
how many plants called Japonica are only Japanese in cultivation,
and are originally Chinese in origin
* [t is also remarkable that the Chinese shrubs in cultivation
are scarcely the ones br ee make the best show in the wild state.
At least, that is my opinio
* In conclusion, I can see now that there were hundreds of
interesting points which I might have noticed earlier in my plan
collecting if I had had the experience or the genius or the
* [f you ever again come across a budding d like igit
I was when we began eo some years ago, plea
insist on him being more than a mere collector, and perhaps oie
will help to develop a naturalist.
= August 2, 1897.—I enclose a photograph taken by Mr. A
d'Anty in the Upper Shan States south of Szemao. He is the
French Consul at Szemao, and is collecting some bees for me,
the interesting ones of which you will receive late
* He says : ‘The palm is very common ; it is seen around vest)
temple, and the leaves are used to make paper with, or rathe
used as paper, being cut into long strips. In the photograph one
can see the way the leaves are cut off for this purpose
“ I am in doubt as to what the palm is, but doubt e you will
be able to identify it at Kew [probably Trach, ycarpus sp.].
414
“The palms used as paper are Borassus and the Talipot palm,
according to Treasury of Botany, but it doesn’t seem to me to fit in
with descriptions of these.
o enclose for the Museum, if you think it is of sufficient
aie; a sample of the palm-strips with writing on it, sent me
by Mr. Bons d'Anty. "The writing is probably Shan, but Mr. Bons
doesn’t say.
“From a packet of plants sent me by Mr. Bons, collected on a
trip south of the Chinese frontier, into the British Shan States, it
would seem that the flora changes at once into the Indian type
the moment the Yunnan plateau is left, i.e., it loses Chinese
* We are having a wet summer, much more wet than last year,
and it is very unpleasant. The plague goes on apace. I tried to
go out yesterday to the mountains, but had to return on account of
the heavy rains. I stayed some little time at a Lolo village on the
pae and rested under a magnificent mulberry, the finest I have
ver seen. It had the enormous spreading-on-the-surface-of-the-
ground roots which I think is called Table-kind of root. 2 went
plague, and the Pundit had fled. I hope to secure his services,
but the Lolos are very shy, or rather, I think, are afraid to lin
themselves with Europeans, as the Chinese suspect them then of
ulterior desigus. The Lolos were allied as a rule with the
ahomedans in the rebellion of no and there is no love lost
between them and the Chinese
“The different status of women amongst the Chinese and the
races allied to them is a curious problem. Ancient Chinese
poems don’ t show modern Chinese life at all. However, I must
conclude.”
* Yours very truly,
(Signed) AUGUSTINE HENRY.”
DLXXXVIL—RUBBER AND COFFEE IN LAGOS.
The following extracts taken from the Annual Report for 1895
on the Colony of Lagos, West Africa (Colonial Reports, Annual,
No. 185, 1896), contain interesting information respectin the
progress of the rubber and coffee Firas lately developed in
that dependency.
The rubber industry was discussed in these pages years
ago (K.B. 1895, pp. 241-247 with plate; and 1896, 76-77)
while coffee planting in Lagos was the subject of a ‘ies article
(K.B. 1896, pp. 77-79).
RUBBER.
“ By far the most important factor is the extraordinary develop-
ment of the rubber industry, the Apis of which are almost
incredible. On the Gold Coast we are told that the export of
rubber, which in 1882 was nil, had eder in 1893 to the annual
value of £200,000. Lagos, in 1894, shipped 5,723 lbs. of rubber
to p Britain, and 144 lbs. to Germany, in all 5,867 lbs., of the
of £324 6s. In 1895 these figures rose to no less than
5.069, 516 Ibs., of a total sterling value of £269,893.
~
415
* So far back as 1882, Sir Alfred Moloney, K.C.M.G., to whom
is due the credit of starting the industry on the Gold Const, had
suggested the possibility of a en ecm in Lagos, but it was
not until 1894 that any progre came apparent. In that year
the Governor of a os, Sir Gilbert Carter, K.C.M.G., issued the
following notice
“His Ex palloney the Governor desires to notify to the mer-
cantile community of Lagos that he has been able to induce a
party of natives from the Gold prod ve eie eas in rubber
collecting, to come to Lagos, with a view to the development of
this valuable and important industry. Y The men have already
inspected jore A ibn bird they report to be rich in rubber-
producing plants, and it confidently hoped that Lagos will
shortly be able l éoth pete "with the sister Colony of the Gold
Coast in the great export of the product.’
*'lhis confident hope was quickly justified. Merchants took
T the idea with enthusiasm. With startling suddenness the
sy-going native awoke to the fact that wealth abounded in the
forie round him, and learnt for the first time that in sitting
under his own fig tree he had been unconsciously reposing in the
shade of the family bank.
“ There is, unhappily, reason to fear that the usual result may
follow this sudden discovery. Alre ady there seem to be grounds
for the belief that, in so far as the term ‘rubber industry’ implies
the intelligent growth and cultivation of the plant for profit, it
edi a false impression of the methods in vogue in the
inter
5 p idiefoni tapping with due regard to the life of the tree, and
its future usefulness, is the exception ; rubber-bearing trees are
ruthlessly sacrificed by i aspi us seekers after wealth, and
dead trunks are becoming a too familiar feature in the
andscape of the productive districts. Sooner or later a purely
adventurers will have to stray further afield, and the cost of
transport will equal or exceed the value of the article."
AGRICULTURE.
“The cultivation of coffee is still in its infancy in the Colony,
but the Ilaro Plantation Company are continuing their operations
is the Liberian, but a few Arabian trees are being raised experi-
mentally. 'The managers of the llaro o Company report that they
have 150 acres planted with 50,000 coffee and 6, cacao plants,
_ the Ajilete Company have over 60,000 of the former and
T turning their attention to the cultivation of cacao and
hols
ad ne n. yam or cassava farms surround almost every native
village, but iti is impossible to estimate the acreage so cultivated:
Incidentally these small plots, in conjunction with a very nasty
proximity of human habitations. Besides the all-important palm
oil and kernels, kola nuts, beniseed, ground nuts, and piassava are
among the produce of the Colony.’
416
DLXXXVIIL—BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS.
According to the Colonial Office List, 1897, p. nee these islands
were placed under British protection in 1893, a da Resident has
lately been appointed. His head-quarters will be at Tale a
small island which has been purchased for the purpose of estab-
lishing a Residency. The British or Southern Solomon Islands
“consist of the Islands of New Georgia, peace canar, Malaita,
San Christoval and ped islands in the vicinity of the above
lying between the 7}th and 13th degrees of south latitude, and
the 150th and 163rd date of east longitude. The natives are
Melanesians. They are treacherous,and most of them are cannibals.
There are a few resident traders, mostly of British nationality.
large number of natives used to go to work in plantations
in Queensland, Fiji, and Samoa, returning after the hs of
three Feats but the number is less than formerly.
“The principal articles of trade are copra, pearl shell, and
tortoise shell. The climate is not a good one.
uring the last few years the botany of the Solomon Islands
has been studied at Kew, and oni actione of dried plants have
been received from the Rev. R. B. Comins, Dr. H. B. Guppy, and
from the officers of H.M.S. “ Penguin,” S eR by Admiral
Sir W. J. L. Wharton, K.C.B., F.R.S., Hydrographer of the
Admiralty. The more interesting plants have been described in
the Annals of Botany we v. (1891), pp. 501-508, t. 27 ; vol. v
eee pP 203-210, ig 11-14) ; Journal d p Linnean Società y
(vo (1894), pp. 163- — and 211-217, tt. 9-11): Hooker's
onas. Plantar um (th series, iii. (18 94), tt. 2907, 2247, and 2248) ;
and the Kew Bulletin (1892, 105; 1894, 211-215 ; 1895, 132-139,
159-161).
An account of the present condition of the Solomon Islands is
contained in the Colonial gara (Miscellaneous, No. 8, 1897) by
BAY, UR 5 he t British Resident. The following
d is extracte d :—
* From inquiries instituted, both in Sydney and in the Pro-
Mec I find that the exports to Sydney for 1895 and for the
present year will stand approximately as follows :—
{
Year. | Copra. | Ivory Nuts.| Pearl Shell. | Turtle Shell. | Beche de Mer.
Tons. Tons. Tons. Cwt. lbs. Tons. Cwt.
1895 1,200 586 6 10 891 7 18
1896 1,383 610 8 9} 1,379 3 15
COPRA.
* Copra always has been, and is SAMT for many years to come
to supply, the chief article of export. Solomon Islands copra is
known as smoke-dried and ‘consequently does not com-
mand so good a price by from 10s. to 1/. a ton ael b ey as
sun-dried copra in consequence of its dirty appeara was,
however, informed by an expert in Sydney that Balon Island
417
copra is particularly rich in oil, and I see no reason why the more
usual system of sun-drying should not be resorted to. From the
natives’ point of view smoke-drying is less trouble and they have
become wedded to the practice, but should cocoanut-planting
under white management be entered upon, it is not to be supposed
that any system but sun-drying, or perhaps even the superior one
of kiln-drying, would be followed
“The output of pi bon uk nari NE might be very
largely increased. I have no hesitation in ing that with the
existing trees at least double the quantity of Eh iai ye copra
might be produced, and this without in any bj stinting the
natives in the.quantity they require to use food, The
quantities of POTE and giay nuts that may be noticed at
any time under a cocoanut grove in the Solomons is such as
would PEA the mouth “Of a Samoan or Fijian water with envy.
The fact is, however, that the natives have so few wants, and
these are a "easily senate that a small proportion only of the
crop of nuts suffices to satisfy them, and the remainder is allowed
to go to waste. I consider that of all the natives of the Western
Pacific with whom I have come in contact the Solomon Islanders
of the British Protectorate are able to supply their demand for
articles of foreign trade with the least exertion.
n preparing the copra for sale to the traders the natives cut the
nuts in half and the divided nuts are then smoked in a fire
hen sufficiently dry the cup-shaped kernels come away gin
the shell. ese are strung upon strings supposed to contain
10 nuts each, or rather 20 abs soit The price for a string o
the f nu when tobacco is the purchasing medium.
During my previous residence i omons, from 1886
to 1889, strings containing 16 o im half nuts were considered
very good, but during the present r I saw a string containing
so few as seven half nuts tendered pd accepted as a full string.
In fact the natives are supplying their wants too cheaply, and the
better class of traders have admitted to me that the imposition of
duties or trading licenses will actually benefit the trade by forcing
them to raise the price of their goods and so compelling the
natives to make more produ
t the present price of copra in Sydney I consider that if a
tiie makes 2/. a ton profit upon the copra collected by him he
has done very well, and off this must be taken the expenses of
collection.
Ivory NUTS.
“ These nuts are the fruit ^s a palm (Mets ‘oxylon Amicarum),
one - the sago-yielding palms. The species is, I believe, peculiar
to the Solomons, and sees wild throughout the group in
bidshaustibic quantity. The nuts are exported as vegetable ivory
and are used for making buttons and sem small articles.
Some years ago I made inquiries in London as to the market for
these nuts, and ascertained that ae bee known i in the trade as
‘apple nuts, and that three Birmingham firms occasionally used
them. I was informed that the mm eint to them was the
418
hollow core preach the middle, and their reluctance to take a
black dye. ore went to Germany and Vienna than to London.
About three years ago the price of these nuts suddenly jumped
3
e side
able quantity were sold, and the market probably Mesa
Their value has now sel ass to Tus M. per ton in Sydney, a
which figure there seems to be a good demand. The ne hos
inflation in value was due, so I was i orma: to the Somani of a
ienna firm, who used a considerable quantity for making the
wheels of roller skates.
“I consider that there will continue to be a demand for a fair
quantity at about present prices, with perhaps occasional rises.
Should the demand for these nuts increase, the quantity shipped
could be very largely augmented.
AGRICULTURE.
“Under this head, I shall refer only to such enterprises as have
been undertaken by white residents, native planting operations
British Protectorate of the Solomons presents advantages un-
equalled by ud place that I have hitherto visited js the Western
Pacific. Situated as it is within the parallels of 7? to 11? of south
latitude, it is tds the region of the devastating dn icanes that
occasionally visit the New Hebrides, Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga,
whilst it is also exempt from those long periods of drought that
of the Rubiana Lagoon and elsewhere in New Georgia prove that
the climate and soil of the Protectorate are eminently suited to
the production of cocoanuts. So far the only attempts by white
men at cocoanut planting have been by the owner of Gera Island,
off the coast of Guadalcanar, by the Marau Company = Crawford
Island in Marau Sound, by the same company upon a piece 0
land of about 30 acres on pA mainland at Aola on Guadalcanar,
and by Mr. Neilson, the trader, at Gavutu, upon his island of that
name. The plantations of the Marau Company are at present too
recent to have yet come into Posting) but at Gavutu, whe ere, W whe
I left in November, 1888, no palms had been planted, there is now a
plantation of about 15 acres in full bearing. lcan safely say that, in
spite of the fact that the trees cannot be more than seven years
old, I never saw cocoanut palms bearing more heavily, and this is
the case not with selected trees but with the whole plantation.
They are planted i in lines at a distance of 30 feet by 30 feet, a
system which gives nearly 50 trees to the acre. The Marau Com-
pany have lately acquired the two uninhabited islands known as
North Island and Symonds Island, near Mara iaer d, and are at
present clearing thet- with a view to mene plan
“There are hundreds - small low flat islands agho the
Protectorate composed sand and decomposed coral with a
covering of vegetable aie most eminently suited for cocoanut
planting, among which I may mention the long reef islands
extending along the south coast of Malaita and several islands
along the northern coast, especially the large island of Leile,
419
which has been vacated by the natives ever since the attack upon
the labour ship “ Janet Stuart,” several islands and bays at the
west side of Russell Island quite deserted by the natives through
fear of the New Geor jer D hu veter numberless uninhabited
and most fertile islands in the Marova Lagoon, the whole of Gizo
Island and he tris islets, quite dr eu phy and numerous small
roga near Wana-Wan The Marau Company have within the
last tw t hire moniki commenced work upon a large block of
land pre by them on the north a of Guadalcanar about
six miles from Marau Sound. The situation appears to have been
well Ar ue the land being of the first quality. lt is proposed
o grow cacao, coffee, both Arabian and Liberian, Vanilla, and
other products. Seedlings of the two former have been raised at
the Company's head station at Marau Sound and were being
des. to the plantation at the time I left the Protectorate in
ctob
“The Company have had some difficulty in bem. seeds of
cacao, although the tree had been introduced to the Solomons
some years ago by the late Mr. Stevens of Ugi. I vu d about a
dozen trees growing in the trader’s garden at Ugi in sour undrained
soil. They appeared quite neglected, and although bearing fairly
well appeared to be badly diseased. For this reason Mr. Svensen
of the Marau Company had been unwilling to use seed from these
f
longicorn beetle. It appeared to start its sack near the ends of
the young branches and work down wards through the heart of the
branch. The branches affected quickly responded to the attack of
the larva by presenting an unhealthy appearance, so that I think
that in a properly tended plantation ‘there w ould be no difficulty
in keeping the trouble in check by pruni
* The Marau Company is also xxr 3 AA with a view to
shipment, and it is expected that the first shipment will be made
about the middle of 1897. As Marau is one of the last places of
call of the steamer “Titus” and the voyage to Sydney is made
from that place in from seven to eight days, it will be seen that the
east end of Guadalcanar isas favourably situated as Fiji or Queens-
land for supplying the Sydney market. The irader Sheridan, at
Makira Harbour on San Christoval, also announced to me in June
his intention of planting bananas for export, and I believe a
commencement has already been made.
“ Mr. Maben, at presenta visitor to the teu: will probably
embark in the enterprise of coffee plant
INDIA RUBBER.
* During the present visit to the Protectorate I made several
experiments with a view to the production of india rubber, the
trees experimented upon being chiefly various species of parasitical
Ficus. I regret to usd that my experiments were unsuccessful.
was, however, shown by one of the Aola traders, who had just
returned from British New ide some samples ‘of rubber now
being procured there by the natives. The say wre showed me
the samples said that had seen the same as that from
which they were produced growing in the "Rene Gea and from
420
his ic de it appears to be also a species of Ficus. The natives
of N uinea, the trader told me, allowed the sap of the tree to
run over their arms and body and when it was sufficiently solid
removed it and rolled it up into lumps. "The lumps were rather
jash than a cricket ball and it was worth to the New Guinea
traders from 2s. 6d. to 3s. per lb.
SAGO.
"x species of sago palm grows wild ee oil the Solomon
Group in inexhaustible quantities, the nuts being exported as
vegetable ivory, as described above. So far no attempt has been
made to utilise the sago contained in the pith of the tree.
The natives of Shortland Island and ee ae Island understand
e on
pith i in salt water and bake the resulting sago into cakes wrapped
in leaves, frequently been ihe addition of pounded almonds.
These cakes, as I can testify, are most excellent and sustaining
food. From their portability, they are taken by the natives
upon canoe hie as they are not liable to damage by salt
water and, moreover, are most convenient to sit upon.
more eastern donent 6 of the group the natives do not understand
the manufacture of the sago, but in times of scarcity they bake
; pei of the pith itself, and they tell me it is not unpalatable
* During my stay this year at Ugi, while waiting for the return
of H.M.S. * Pylades,” I made experiments in the m anufacture of
n axe made
which I chipped out about a buahe] of the soft white pith. This
I carried to a stream and grated up the lumps of pith in a bucket
of water, I poured the resulting milky water through a piece of
muslin into another bucket and allowed it to settle. The sago
quickly settled on the bottom, when I poured off the water and
removed the sago and dried it in the sun. I took the sample iis
me to Sydney, and was told that as starch alone it would hav
value of at least £8 to £10 perton. Even at this low price it
might pay to manufacture on a large scale. The trees are in great
quantity and a small apparatus for grating the pith, worked by
water power, and wooden settling troughs might be erected at
very trifling expense. But apart tin E any commercial value it
may possess, the natives should be taught its use as food.”
CANES.
* Canes suitablefor making baskets occur every where in the bush
and reach a great length. Some have lately been sent to Sydney
in consequence of an inquiry for them.
TIMBER.
es Sanaa wood has never, so far as I know, vo found in vend
Solomons, but a very dark wood resembling ebony is found in fai
quantities on New Georgia, and would in Pp d je valuable for
cabinet making
421
DLXXXIX.—SHINIA IN CYPRUS.
(Pistacia Lentiscus.)
n 1896, specimens of plants known in Cyprus as “ DA " and
? actie " respectively, were received from Mr. . Bovill,
Principal Forest Officer in Cyprus. Thefirstnamed was ree ac
to be typical Pistacia Lentiscus, and apparently identical with
the plant yielding the Gum Mastich of the Greek Archipelago,
chiefly in Chio (the modern Scio). The “ Mastiches” was regarded
as simply a broad-leaved variety of the same species. In some
localities in Cyprus the trees of Pistacia d are tappe
“ but the gum hick exudes is without colour and without taste.”
The trees yielding mastich in Scio are said to de annii male.
According to Mr. Bovill, gr Shinia “ grows more or less all over
Cyprus, from the sea- level to an altitude of 2,500 feet, and most
luxuriantly through the Bama all along the northern shore of the
island as far as Ryrenia, all over the Rormakiti Cape from Lefka
to the village of Peyia, and from Rouklia, in the Paphos district,
all along the southern dini to Mazoto, in the Larnaca disirict.
€—— €— 9 the supply is unlimited, for as fast as it is
dui ow stools.
t shoots up again from the
" NI. I a sen of the Cyprus Company, Limited, Limassol,
writing to me on the subject, says :—-' or some
England, but thus far the demand for it is limited, and does not
exceed 100 to 150 tons per annum. Like Sumach, the Shinia
leaves déitafh tannic acid, but to a less postes Mid the material
has been found of value for fixing dyes Our buye
prefer to have the Shinia in the leaf, and we have ibd ceased
grinding it, and now ship it in pressed esed He e 8, *I feel
confident that a large demand would grow up for this product
should its qualities become more widely Lowa. but epi tent
it is rene difficuit to persuade English manufacturers to try
new products
Further information is contained in the following corres-
pondence received from the Government of Cyprus :—
THE CHIEF SECRETARY, CYPRUS, to ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
. Chief Secretary’s Office, Nicosia.
SIR, January 6, 1897.
I HAVE the honour to transmit to you a copy of a report
which has been prepared by Mr. Gennadius, the Ct of
Agriculture, dealing with the cultivation of Shinia leav
Ishall have pleasure in forwarding to you copies of similar
pamphlets as they appear, relating to agricultural or economic
subjects
m, &c.
ae) gere YOUNG.
Chief Secretary.
The Director,
Royal Gardens, Kew.
422
REPORT ON SHINTA LEAVES.
Pistacia Lentiscus is the shrub that grows abundantly in most
eal of Cyprus, and is called in pe LR Shinia. A cultivated
of this Shinia which is so only met with here is the
viata shrub of Chio (the modern ‘Scio). The leaves only of the
Shinia have a eve cx value, as they serve as a tannic and
dyeing substanc
From the end of this rigid agite of good quality is made,
and from its seed, which i en readily by goats and pigs, oil
can be extracted which ate be good for burning purposes, and
could, in case of necessity, be used for food as well.
or some time Shinia leaves were exported from Cyprus to
England by the Cyprus Company, but they were exported in
small quantities, and, as I under euh price that was paid to
those who collected the em was 8 para
But the principal market for Shinia polnim is Palermo, in "a :
to which there is cem annual omen from Tunis of about ten
thousand tons. The Shinia leaves serve at Palermo, aa ek pos
the adulteration ot Sumach (Jus rte sies * which is gro
large quantities in Sicily, and is exported to England and cdm
principally through Palermo.
A quantity of Shinia leaves is also consumed at Lyons,
France, as a pee pak ne for silk stuffs.
The c e, then, we must pursue, is to get the Shinia — of
which Tam is an Abunda yield in Cyprus, into those two
markets.
ry Shinia leaves are bought at Tunis by Italian merchants at
2} francs (2 shillings) for onn 100 kilogrammes (78 okes), and
being packed in sacks, are sent to Palermo, where they are sold
at 4i to 7 franes (3/7 to 5/7) for every 100 kilogrammes.
The Shinia leaves are collected from the month of April to the
month of September. For that purpose the leafy branches of the
shrub are cut off and laid in heaps on the ground and left there
until they dry. Usually they dry in four or five Mh aie
which the heaps are not disturbed, so t at as few
ee should come into direct contact with the sun, prta
ect is to bleach and overdry them, ibus depreciating their
d e.
After being dried, the branches are beaten with the flail, so
that the leaves get detached ; the leaves are then placed in sacks
and brought to the market for sale. Before the beating ae
thrown away, hodine the leaves of those branches being Munt
and burnt by the sun, are not only useless but also become
injurious when they are rubbed and mixed with the rest of the
produce. Shinia leaves should not be coliected after rain, because
then a produce of inferior quality 2 obtained.
Rs GENNAD
Director of Agriculture.
9th December, 1896.
* See Kew Bulletin, 1895, p. 293,
423,
DXC.—SLIME-FLUX.
An obscure disease, which appears to be I destruetive to
oung fruit-trees, has been recen tly the subject of careful
investigation at Kew. Originally described by Ludwig in 1888,
it is briefly diseussed in Tubeuf and Smith's Diseases p? Plants
(1897), who express some doubt as to the organism causing the
disease and as to its fatal character. The following account,
owever, seems to leave little room for doubt in the matter
REPORT on a diseased plum tree sent to Kew for examination
by , Spencer Pickering, F.R.S. Maucilage-flux; Schleimfluss, or
L’Ecoulement des Arbres fruitiers.
The colourless mucilage escaping from injured portions of
diseased plants contains a Schizom eee Came cate arie yi 0-
h
Corda), the subglobose cells of which float i in the hs «ins ase
and impart to it a brown colour. Inoculations with pure cultures
of both these organisms demonstrate conclusively the following
points : —
(1.) The Micrococcus is alone capable of emu fermentation
in the living eid ba the host-plant, and must, therefore, be
considered as the e agent in causing disease.
(2.) The Mieroc iade us is not able to set up a disease when placed
on uninjured bark, however young, but does so readily and
constantly when placed on a wounded surface of wood or bark.
e disease is quite as readily imparted to apple trees as to
plum tree
Shortly after i inoculation the diseased portions of wood assume
a reddish-bro colour, and finally become quite soft and dis-
organised, At later stage scattered patches of bark Aa desthéyod
from within, forming suppurating wounds through which the
mucilage, formed during fermentation of the tissues, oozes to the
surfac
EU wounds present very suitable starting-points for the
growth of various wound-fungi, as Polyporus, Nectria, ete.
The mucilage, charged with Micrococcus and Tor ula, situated
th
place at the surface of two pruned branches, which presumably
had not been properly protected by the application of tar to the
cut surfaces.
G. M.
August 12, 1897.
DXCI.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.
MR. RICHARD MENTZEL, formerly a UAM of the gardening
staff of the Royal Gardens, has been appointed manager of the
rubber Plenum of Mr. Wolf Carlis, at Vasu. South
African Republic
16390 B
424
Mr. HORACE WALTER LEIGHTON BILLINGTON, Curator of the
Botanic Gardens (Station) at Old Calabar, in the Niger Coast
Protectorate, died in November, the news reaching Cannes on the
19th. He was youngest son of the Rev. J. H. Billington, rector of
Chalbury, Dorset. After spending three years in the service of
the Royal Niger Company, he entered that of the Government in
the Niger Coast Protectorate. Arriving in Old Calabar on March
20, 1893, he created under Sir Claude Macdonald “the botanic
station that he was just starting, ie the purpose of ascertaining
what economic plants were su ae bof pon e non in the
Protectorate, and to encourage ihe à em, as well
as an erra d for them to see how neha). ies Mond be planted
an
His first t report, from which the above is quoted, was made to
the Commissioner en C nsul- Meer eek oH 24, 1894. It is
printed in the papers (Africa, No. Dp eto to Parliament in
1895. It M duds remarkable list o f the economic plants which
Mr. Billington had succeeded in voler together, many having
been obtained from the West Indies, as well as the other West
African stations.
scheme for the establishment of the station fat been
. presented to the Foreign Office by Kew in 1891, at the request of
the Marquess ud Salisbu ury. The objects which Sir Claude
acdonald hoped to coe through it are quoted in the Kew
Bulletin for 1895 (p.
Be e report s a dis station, the papers also contain a
report by Mr. Billington on the botany of the country lying to the
eastward of the iig Calabar River, and a similar report of the bank
of the Cross Rive
Mr. Bi lagian “had borne the irae remarkably well, m he
resigned in July of last year, and was only awaiting the appoint-
nt of his successor to return to En bend His untimely deat
at "e early age of twenty-eight closes a career of much usefulness
and promise. But as the pioneer of new cultural industries in
the diee Protectorate it may be hoped that his memory will long
be preserved.
Botanical Magazine for November.—VMammea americana,
native of the West Indies, is cultivated in tropical America for
the sake of its edible fruit, the mammee apple. The plant in the
Economic House at Kew flowered in 1896, but did not produce
fruit; the figure of the latter was therefore pete: from a
specimen in the Museum, which had been received from
C. D. Sturge, Esq. of Montserrat. Tainia penanti ani was
communicated to Kew by Mr. C. Curtis, F.L.S., of It
has pale yellow sepals and petals, each with five to seven red
nerves, and a nearly white lip. Cynorchis grandiflora, from
Madagascar, has rather pretty flowers, and all the green age x:
he plant are Firei with blood-red. The plant figured w
obtained from Messrs. Lewis & Co., of Southgate. Drimia Co it
is a new species, phina: at Kew from a bulb brought from
Somaliland by Miss Edith Cole. Scoliopus Bigelovii is a singular
liliaceous plant from California. The flowers give off an odour
resembling that of decaying sea-wee
425
Flora of British India.—The completion, by the issue of the
twenty-second part, of this important gal ie ide to our know-
ledge of the existing vegetation of the world was announced :
above (pp. 205, 200). A general index ie the whole work was
published in November last.
Pelican.—The bv moz of Pelicanus onocrotalus poten to
Kew in 1896 by the Zoological Society (K. B., 1896 p. 98)
unfortunately diteumn baa to an incurable ee in the follow: ing
winter e remaining bird, also of the same species, had been
given to the Royal Gardens in 1890 by the late Lord Lilford. It
had become extremely tame and a very popular pet with the
visitors.
Although from time to time feather-pinioned, during 1897 it
eluded efforts to catch it. In October last it flew away to the
Thames, and for some time established itself on the reservoir
of the West Middlesex Waterworks, at Barnes. All attempts
to recapture it were unfortunately unsuccessful. It was also
heard of at s hal. It eventually left the Thames valley and
flew southward
Mr. D. N. Othey, of Blenheim gian. Robertsbridge, Sussex,
was so good as to send to Kew the following “ cutting’ ' from the
Ken $e Sussex Post of October 16, which records the fate of the
Sotortunss ird. is will,at any rate, serve to commemorate
the hospitality to an interesting visitor of Mr. Perey Tew, his
game keeper, and the “ sagacious animal" Jock :—
* On Saturday last a huge bird was seen in Brightling Park, and
observed to settle in the Saw Mill pond and drink copiously, as
though famished. It took little notice of persons watching it, and
the keeper, Mr. Hewett, arriving shortly, shot it in the middle of
the pond. On sending his dog to fetch it out, ‘Jock’ appeared to
shy at such big game, but after a few minutes and plenty of
encouragement the sagacious animal seized the bird by the neck,
- PARI his body under it, swam ashore with it on his back,
m o the amusement of those a witnessed it. The bird is
a splendid Specimen of the pelican tribe, in ene. condition and
plumag asuring.9 feet 10 inches from tip to tip of wings,
5 feet 9 j fece from beak * tail, and 3 feet round the body. The
bill was 15 inches in length and opened to a width of 17 inches.
Weight 21 pounds. We hear the bird has been sent to Percy
Tew, Esq., the owner of the park, who will no do ubt have it
preserved as a curiosity, and certainly a rarity in "this part of the
world."
A portrait of the pelican was given in the Gentlewoman for
November 13, from a photograph taken at Kew by Mr. Alfred
Craske
Importation of Canadian Fruit.— The exhibition of Colonial
fruit at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in 1886, which was
due to the initiative of the Royal Horticultural kane d led to the
publication of a series of papers, the result of official enquiries
directed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, in the Kew
16390 : ra B2
426
yp for 1887 and 1888. The report on Canadian fruit is one
of the most important, and contained in e number for
piety 1887 (pp. 4-20). The following passage (p. 19) may
be quoted as the historic foundation of what bids fair to become
an „important commerce :
“The experience mini oe the recent Colonial and Indian
Exhibition in London has shown the importance of cold st orage*
in the transportation of fruit, poses ally of the early ripening
sorts, and it is desirable that facilities i in this direction should be
offered to the iyu QU. of Canada, so as to stimulate the
he following one t from the Pert for September 25
(1897 ) gires the sequel v years afte
* An interesting experiment is baag Baried out by the Canadian
iiis um with the view of taking full advantage of the fruit-
growing capabilities of the dominion, and putting the best
qualities of Canadian “soft” fruits on the English market in
8 ;
cargo reached Covent Garden yesterday, where it was put on sale
by Garcia, Jacobs and Co. The Canadian Government have sub-
sidised, under the system they propose to use, the owners of
poventoon steamers running to London, Liverpool, Bristol, ne
G w from Canadian ports, though chiefly from Montrea
carry FIR fruit, and have fitted up on the vessels the latest E ier
of refrigerators, in which to stow the goods. The steamship
companies are bound under their agreements to carry the fruit at
ordinary rates, with only an additional charge of 10s. per ton for
the use of the refrigerators. The export of pinasi apples to
this country has been a great AP SE but the import of the best
class of pears, for instance, has not been a suecess. These pears
are of the Williams orien AUR a known in Canada and the
States as Bartletts, and are all from sound peste stock. The
first consignment grace of 880 cases of pears, peaches and
tomatos, and were shipped to Bristol m the stea eai * Merrimac.’
The ship arrived yesterday morning, and the cargo was desptatched
in time to be disposed of at Covent Garden in the afternoon.
The quality was described by the experts as excellent, both the
William pears a and the peaches being very fine, but the system
employed in packing is such as would prevent the proper eure
lation of the contents of the cases. As a result, "rac of the fru
was more or less out of condition. Mr. Crandall, the iva
sentative of the Canadian Minister of Agriculture, inspected the
fruit, and was much interested in the opinions expressed in the
market as to the need of improved packing. There is no reason
to doubt that the Canadian Government officials will take steps to
instruct the produc ers as to a better method of packing. e
best to follow is the system sailari by the Californian shippers,
and there should then be a good sale on the English markets of
Canadian po aey especially as it can be brought here at a less
cost than the greater part of the fruit from France. a se
the condition of the fruit, the prices realised were regarded
very satisfactory.”
* See also Kew Bulletin, 1896, pp. 33-36,
421
Fruits from Grenada in New York.—The following extract fro
Garden and Forest (New York) for November 17, 1897, affords
an illustration of a possible market for the minor products of the
lesser West Indian Islands
n interesting sotlociion of tropical fruits reached this city
siint from the Botanic Gardens in Grenada, a British possession,
the southermos island in t tede group. ent
8 on October 23rd. A delay of ten days in oatitia
the seh i i this port, due to the init e character of the invoice,
ant of established rates of duty, proved fatal to many
t ore eis ow kinds, but enough survived to give
istinct character to the select stock in one of the fancy fruit
on Bindodus: These West Todien fruits included especially
jilet T i excellent pepe The tan epe and mandarins
were superior, and sold, as did the oranges, at $1.03 a dozen.
Among sihat ‘Citetia fruits kefin lemons ; these were less attractive,
ing of uneven size, thick-skinned and rough. The limes were
remarkably good, and sold for forty cents a dozen. An unusual
offering in this city were citrons, the fruits of Citrus Mess
familiar to housekeepers in their candied peel ; there were under
sized green fruits, and mature ripe specimens ; the latter, bat ith
a piece of the stem, were lemon-shaped, large as grape-fruits, the
sapodillas, the fruits of Achras Sapota, were fortunate in showing
o better advantage for the long time consumed in re ching
customers, since these are at their best when more than fully
ripened, and the grayish earth-coloured globular fruits were in
the juicy sugary stage. They sold for fifteen cents each. A single
specimen of the brownish i tow fruit of Lucuma Ead Was
exhibited, and s some of the large brown nuts. Alligator pears
were peer es the fruits lost Pifotich the d and the few bananas
vhich were yet edible were remarkably good in quality, the
yellow fruit of medium size having a Fick. rouny white flesh,
while the red bananas were of especially fine flavour. The latter,
one of the most rare of all fruits in this market, since the supply
was cut off by the Cuban war, found eager pu urchasers at &1.
a dozen. Several bundles of stick cinnamon also sold readily.
Victoria Herbarium.—At the close of ar the yide of
Victoria appointed Mr. J. G. Luehmann F.L.S,, Curator of the
* Nationa [vernis " at Melbourne, in succession ^ pu late
Sir Ferdinand Mueller, K.C.M.G., whose death on October 9th,
1896, was inue e in the Kew Bulletin for that year (pp. 218, 219).
The Melbourne Herbarium, which is termed national in common
with other erret under th minister, must always
the leading botanical sig teni in drwtriisdin. It comprises a:
collections made during a long series of exploring expeditions on
the continent of re! tralia, eri innumerable contributions
from external sources, espec Xew, acquired through the
indefatigable activity in Sor eapara E of Sir Ferdinand Mueller,
the late Government Botanist. On the occasion of the Melbourne
Centennial Exhibition, in 1888, he published an interesting
account of the Herbarium. A building was erected for its
reception in 1857, when Sir Ferdinand presented to it all his
425
private collections formed since 1840. In 1884, the Victorian
Government acquired, by purchase, and added to it the Herbarium
of Dr. Otto Wilhelm Sonder, of Hamburg, one of the authors of
the F ani a Capensis who died in in 1881.
The ourne Herbarium is of peculiar value from a scientific
oint a view. It contains the authentic types of all the vast
number of Australian and other plants described by Sir Ferdinand
Mueller during a long period of incessant and pro olific labour.
The value of the Australian collections is still further enhanced
by their having been successively transmitted to Kew for the use
of Mr. Bentham during the ee of the Flora Austr alenat
grks In the preface to the last volume of that work,
Mr. Bentham writes :—“ He [Sir Ferdinand Mueller] has regularly
transmitted t me, arranged for each volume, the vast stock o
to
A atelah specim = ee d by Phe own exertions, as well as
by the able collectors he has employed, and the numerous
residents and other TARS whom he had inspired with a
love for the science. The specimens, having been
worked up, have been successively returned, and the numerous
consignments have reached Melbourne without a single loss.”
The Australian collections have thus a double “authenticity.
Taken as a whole, it cannot be doubted that the Melbourne
Herbarium, to use the words of its ipee joya founder, to
whom it may be hoped it will ever remain an enduring
monument, is * on a par with the very few really Erik herbaria
in existence.
White Willow.—A note on the Huntingdon or White Willow
(Salix alba, L.) has already been published in the Kew Bulletin
(1895, pp. 239-40). It was pointed out that the demand for the
timber was so great that there was great difficulty in procuring
suitable wood, MX for making cricket bats. The following
additional informati ion on the subject is taken from the Timber
News, s p rd. 1897 :—
“ Tt oe wondered at that the best quality of willow
über arabi for the manufactare of cricket bats has of late
been selling at prices never dreamt of in the days of our fore-
fathers. From 2s. 6d. to 5s. per cube foot has quite pix been
en for *maiden' (unpollarded) willow timber, if of cient
dimensions for the making of the best class of ba P is
little wonder that such paying prices have ted owners of
goodly-sized trees to have these placed on the market, as well as
the owners of damp and not too valuable land to speculate in
des. so rapid-growing and valuable a timber tree. Only this
week fully 100 trees of * maiden' willow were to be disposed of
by tender at Wickham Hall, in Essex, and it is pretty certain that
iR cea api was unusually Zeon, and the money o ir com-
pre
bottoms of carts used in the conveyance of stones or brick, the
wood having the valuable quality of tearing out rather than
429
splintering. But at present little, unless of very second-rate
quality, goes for that purpose, the bat industry swallowing up
every bit that can be procured. Fortunately, the cricket bat manu-
facturer is not wholly depended on British-grown willow, much of
excellent quality being sent from various parts of the Continent.
* When we consider that the gue quality of willow timber can
be grown on land that would be too damp for the videns farm
crop, that plants and cuttings ca Abe ot at a very nominal rate,
that the tree is not subject to disease, at least to any hei extent,
grows with great rapidity, and is perfectly hardy, added to which is
the commercial value of the timber, it is not surprising that
farmers and landowners have been turning their attention to it of
late, and that already a atei acreage is now under that crop in
various parts cf the country.’
Calostemma album, R. Br.—In the Kew Bulletin for 1892 (p. 72)
the introduction to Kew is recorded of bulbs of this rare an
ueller who had received them from the Hon. J. Douglas,
CMG. bs whom they had been collected whilst on a visit to
Turtle Edd ds. They hous d at Kew in 1894, and proved to
be Hurycles sylvestris. On being informed of this, Sir F. von
Mueller took steps to secure bulbs of the true Calostemma, and
forwarded some to Kew in 1895. These foward in September
this year and again prove to be the Hurycles. Mr.F. M. Bailey,
Colonial Botanist, Quee ad writes AS dees 1897. I have
lately been over Thursday Island, and, although I looked carefully,
I could not find ob serene i I fancy Hurycles
sylvestris was sent it."
othing seems to c known of this interesting species since it
was collected in 1803 by Robert Brown, on Flinders’ voyage. It
was figured from specimens collected by him in the Kew
Herbarium in Hooker’s Icones Plantarum, t. 2371.
Assam rubber in Egypt —The following correspondence gives
the promising inpr of an attempt to produce rubber from Ficus
elastica in Egyp :—
Mr. Te to ROYAL GARDENS, KEW
SIR, Cairo, May 2, 1897.
THANK you very much for the seeds of Fic us elastica. 4
have put in this 8 spring some 50,000 cuttings, and about 96 p
cent. are doing well, owing to favourable weather. But, ccc aid
: : Ag
e need millions of trees as shade for the new agricultural
roads, and some of them may well be rubber producers, in view
of the fact that the present i is obtained in great measure
through the destruction of the t
The trees here yield more gius than those of the Chardwar
experiment. I have posted a smali sample of the poeni weh
The product is very uniform, and a small sample is as good as
large one. :
Will send you shortly some gutta from Calotropis.
X
Qus
(Signed) "ERNEST A. FLOYER.
430
Messrs. HECHT, LEVIS, and KAHN TO ROYAL GARDENS,
KEW
2L TS Lane, London, E.C.,
DEAR SIR Maj - 19, 1897.
WE have your favour of yesterday ; also a nce of rubber.
It is equal in quality to the fine Darjeeling Assam, and if it comes
here exactly like this sample, equaliy strong and pure, it would at
the present moment se = at 2s. 6d. per lb., and such rubber could
be readily sold at any t
Always at toc service, s we are, dear Sir,
ours,
(Signed) Tincur, LEVIS, and KAHN.
Laportea canadensis.—A nettle-looking plant was received last
year from the Jardin VEL aiu at Paris, under the name of
penn helen candicans. It was said to afford fibre db aee m-
qua o China-grass edo ia nivea), or rhea or ramie
(B. READ. and its cultivation has been zoomia in
Southern France, Algiers, Egypt, &c. Fortunately, the T on
arrival at Kew was in excellent condition and in flower. Upon
examination it was found to be nota species of Bæhmeria, but a
well-known new-world species, palam canadensis, extending
from Canada to Florida and Mexico, and westward to the Rocky
Mountains. The fibre yielded by this plant was at one time
largely used ; latterly it ate been almost entirely forgotten. In
Hookers Flora Boreali- -americana, Vol. II. (1840), p. 142, it is
M
Later, in 1865, the Abbé Provancher refers
to it in his Flore Canadienne, p. 516, under the name of Ortie du
a or Canada Nettle, and adds :—“ Sa culture a été tentée en
urope pour sa fibre, mais ses eee resis sont encore doutés.”
It is well known that many members of the nettle order are
capable of viektnay fibre. Even the common English s stinging
nettle (Urtica dioica) is a very ancient fibre plant, its inner bark
affording a tough fibre suitable for many purposes, and used for
this fibre is in Museum I., Case 102. A series of yarns prepared
from the same plant, and ies th dae were brought to
Kew by Mr. B. Gray, of Glenanne,
In the Deser ‘tive Catalogue F Useful Fibre Plants of the
World, by Mr. C. Richards Dodge, recently issued by the S POP
States "Department of Agriculture, the following note (p. 21:
appears respecting Laportea canadensis:—“The fibre of n
species, before the introduction of cotton, had an application
more extensive than at present in Sok bles where, particularly in
Germany and in more northern c s, they manufactured the
cloth called ortica (German, M or nettle cloth.
It may, therefore, be safely assumed that the Canada nettle
possesses no special merit as a fibre pom von its with China-
grass or ramie. Further, as it possesses stinging hairs, it is
difficult to handle.
431
EN MB Aa
A.
Aberia Caffra, as a hedge plant,
114.
Abyssinian dried plants, 241.
Achyr anthes breviflora, Baker,
280.
— Carsoni, Baker, 280.
Acrocomia sclerocarpa
Acrostichum Beis nee
subsessile, Baker, 300.
?schynomene dissitiflora, Ba-
ker, 259.
— (Ochopodium) nyikensis, Ba- | Ass
259. |
vise abere 299.
[GUN Bouchei
Agricultural depression, 2 s
Agrostis continuata, Stapf, 2 29
— fissa, Stap, Wf, 289.
— griquensis, Stapf, 290.
(Falconera) Adlami,
Baker, 285
— — nyikensis, Baker, 286.
Alge in the Kew Herbarium,
Alsophila Batesii, Baker, 299.
mmophila arundinacea, 211.
Anastatica hierochuntica, 210.
Andropogon orghum, var.
saccharatum, 173.
—) trichopus, R> 287.
Sa ar
Anthoxanthum dagascari-
ense, Sta inf, 2 281.
Anthericum (Trachy andra) ma-
losanum, Baker
5.
— (Dilanthes) Whytei, Baker,
Antigua, report of Royal Com- |
384.
missi on,
Appointments, 84, 109, 240, 333,
423
Argentine palm kernels, 337.
Argyrolobium ? deflexiflorum,
Baker "953.
-— leucophy llum, Baker, 253.
— longipes, N. E. Brown, 254.
Aristea nyikensis, Daker, 281.
— zombensis, Baker, 282.
Aristolochia s peata, 109.
Aroids at Kew, 235.
Asclepias curassavica as an
insectifuge, 338.
Aseroe rubra, plate facing p. 115,
136.
ssam rubber in Egypt, 429.
Asteriscus pygm:eus, 210.
thrixia stenophylla, Baker,
210.
| Australian Myrmecophilous
`- plants, 86.
Avena oats ge 5:293.
-— longa, /
— turgidula, Stapf, 293.
B.
Bahama giass in Brit. Guiana,
"o Myrrha, 98.
Bambuse: of British India, 110.
Bandoline wood, Chinese, 336.
Banks, Sir Joseph, Journal of,
85.
Barbey, Ns Abyssinian dried
plant
Barbados, dan of Royal Com-
mission, 360.
Begonia Baumanni
Belmontia Hasna ee Baker,
274.
432
Bent, ve T., death of, 206.
-, So cotra dried plants,
2
— 249 :
Berkheya Adlami, 109.
Berlinia densiflora, Baker, 265.
Bignonia buccinatoria, 109.
Billington, H. W. L., death of,
4
Bixadus sierricola, 1
Bleeria microdonta, e. Ë. Wright,
272.
Borers in Castilloa elastica, 177,
Botanic Station, Old Calabar,
Lig
— "e Sierra Leone (with plan), |
303. | — nana, Baker,
— Stations, W. African, employ- |
ment of Curators on leave,
329.
Botanical cht arie staffs of,
— enterprise in West Africa,
329.
— exploration in Yunnan, 99,
(f
— Magazine, 84, 109, 110, 169,
206, 207,241, 301, 333, ^40, 454.
Botrytis corolligena, plate facing
159.
Bouteloua oligostachya, 224.
Brachytrypus | membranaceus,
188.
British Central Africa, Flora of,
170.
a pes doen plants in, 209.
report of Royal Com-
missio n, 35 56:
— dis, Bam busew of, 110.
etion of Flora of,
— So lomon Islands, 416.
eaten at Kew, 230.
Broo
siot: 2.
Butter and tallow tree of Sierra
Leone, 320
C.
Cacao from Gold Coast, 326.
Cacoucia Barteri, Hemsley, 267.
|
Calathea rufibarba, 403.
alostemma album, 429.
s fruit, importation of,
cant Monta e, 200.
Canna disease, IIS.
Cape bulbs at Kew, 231.
— Flora, 226.
— fruit industry ISI
Carica Papaya, 104.
Cattleya elongata, 201
Celosia chenopodifolia, Baker,
“Bt
— cuneifolia, Baker, 276.
— loandensis, Baker, 277.
— minutiflora, Baker, 277.
— pandurata, Baker, 276.
| — semperflorens, Baker, 277.
Ceriops candolleana, gt
Ceropegia fusiformis, Wi
Brown
| Ceylon, handbook to the Flora
o
p. 11
| Cleome
Chenopodium ‘bein in Aus-
tralia, 218.
Chestnut, Spanish, cultivation
in Punj ab,
Chinese bandoline wood, 336.
Chitonia rubriceps, plate facing
21
115, 12
Ohlornilytm floribundum,
Baker, 285.
Cirrhopetalum Curtisii, 333.
robustum, 403.
| Cla varia kewensis, plate facing
D.
epilobioides, Beaker,
| Coffee borers, 177, 182.
-— cultivation at Gold Coast,
Hoa
— in Lag
$,
| —, Liberiän, pibe Sierra Leone,
314.
Copra in Solomon Islands, 416.
Colonial development, aids to,
208.
Coriaria japonica, 84.
Cotton, cultivation in Egypt,
102.
Crassula nyikensis, Baker, 265.
— zombensis, Baker, 266.
433
seule (Codonocrinum) par-
vum, Baker’, 284.
Soa argyrolobioides, Ba-
249.
— 'onspitosa, Baker, 252.
x, Baker, , 292,
-— nd peg Se Baker : 250.
— pilosiflora, Baker, 251.
— eho Ban er, 249.
alida, Baker, 253.
roton Eleuteria, 109.
Cyathula Mannii, Baker, 278.
— poyonp ael Baker, 278.
cullatum, N. E.
— lineare, N. `E. Brown, 213.
— longipes, N. E. Brown, 273.
Cynodon dactylon, 209.
Cynoglossum nervosum, 109.
Graseshis grandiflora, 424.
— purpurascens, 30
Cypripedium Exul, 84.
Cyprus, Shinia in, 421.
D.
Deasy, Capt., Tibetan dried
plants, 208.
Deinbollia nyikensis, Baker,
249.
Dendrobium denudans, 301.
— sarmentosum,
Deyesieeni of Economic Botany
n West Indie
piian ibimus. 243.
Dicoma megacephala, Baker,
TH.
— nyikensis, Baker,
Didy mocarpus e ana, . 16€
iones a Ecklonis, 07.
isease, Cann
— Lily bulb, rn plate), 87.
—, Slime- x, 423.
—, Snowdro x: "172.
Dissotis Whytei, Baker’, 267.
Dolichos malosanus, Baker, 262.
— shuterioides, Bake?
i 4
Dombeya tanganyikensis, Ba-
ker
Dominica, report of Royal Com-
s
Drift seeds from the Keeling
Islands, 171.
Drimia Coles, 424.
Durian in the West Indies, 406,
Durio zibethinus, 406.
E.
Egypt, Assam rubber in, 429,
—, cotton cultivation in, 102.
Ehrharta delicatula, Y uf, 288.
— Rehmannii, Stapf, 28
Engler, FIM ropical Tien
dried plan 241.
Eriosema cry adi c Baker,
64.
oum i timber for street
paving, 219.
Hugonis (Syzygium) masuku-
s, Baker,
Eunidia sp., 179
Euonymus europeus, 167.
F.
* Fat hen” in Australia, 218.
Fern house, tropical, at Kew,
404.
Ficus erecta, var. Sieboldii, 301.
Fiji ivory nuts,
Flammula purpurata, plate
iuge 97.
6.
= te cologic, of Royal Gardens,
Kew, (w “ith plates), 115.
— of British Central Africa,
170.
— India, completion of,
- 905, 425.
— — Ceylon, handbook to,
208.
434
Floras, Insular, 112.
Flore de Juan Fernandez, H2.
— — l'Ile de la Reun ;
Fodder plants in British ( Guia na,
9
Forest products of Sierra Leone,
France, wine production in, 201.
Fruit, Canadian, importation of,
— , Grenada, i in New York, 427.
— growing at the Cape, 191.
— industries in Jamaica, 242.
— trade in West Indies, 352.
G.
Gasteria fusco-punctata, 301.
Geissapsis drepanocephala, Ba-
ker
Gentiana tibetica, 206.
Gentil, L., 333.
eranium vagans, Baker, 246.
Gilg, Dr. E., Avi aes African
dried plant :
Gladiolus ( Eugladiolus) John-
A ker, 283.
nasukuensis, Baker, 283.
— se kena Baker, 283.
nion stenophyllus, Baker,
28
— venu losus, Baker, 282.
-— AONNE) Whytei, Baker,
Gold Coast, coffee cultivation at,
dn setosus, 207.
Gongora tricolor, 206.
Gossypium barbadense, 102.
Grama grass,
Gram matophyll um
num
Grenada fruit in New York, 427.
—, 7 eds of Royal Commission,
od:
rumphia-
Grevillea hilliana, 169.
kernels, 337.
Guinea grass in British Guiana,
210.
Gutta percha, extraction from
leaves, 200.
Gutta prins stooling of, 537.
Gwynne n, D. T., 105;
Gesmdhet pti squamatum, C. H.
Wright, 281.
Gymnosporia ferruginea, Baker,
241.
H.
Handlist of "Tender
tyledons, 22
Helianthus giganteus, 333.
— tuberosus, 301.
Helichrysum concinnum, N. E.
Brown, 266
Hemipilia amethystina, 110.
Henry, Dr. A., botanical ex-
ploration in Yunnan, 99, 407.
Herbarium, yet Se to, “REZ,
2.
Monoco-
171, 208, 241, 2
—, United. States National, ip
Hermannia depressa, N.
Brown, 245.
— erecta, N. E. Brown, 245.
— nyasica, Baker, 245.
usce Welwitschii,
ker, 21
Hibiscus Combs cella) Carsoni,
aker,
Holland, ii i, 405.
Holothrix orthocer: as, 169.
Hooker, Sir J. D., 205, 241.
Hooker's Icones Plantarum, 207.
Hop Hornbeam, 404. >
is he crassifolium, 86.
[0]
Ba-
— longiflorum, 86
Hypoxis ( Euhypoxis) malosana,
Baker, 284
— — nyasica, Baker,
284.
— — oligophylla, Baker, 284.
Lh
Impatiens zombensis, Baker,
247
Index Kewensis, supplement to,
110. |
435
Indian Botanists, honours for,
241.
Indigofera fusco-setosa, Baker,
256.
— ri karon-
gensis, Bake
— eicit, ‘Baker, 256.
— lupulina, x 254.
— macra, Ba
— mas ukue satin eaten 256.
— (Spheridiophorum) micro-
calyx, Baker, 256
— microscypha, Bakter, 255.
— nyikensis, Baker,
— patula. Baker, 255.
Inesida leprosa, 119.
Insects destructive to cultivated
plants in West Africa, 175.
Insular Floras, 112.
"pone operosa, C. H. Wright,
— simu ulans, 302.
Iris albopurpurea, 84.
Ivory nuts, Fiji, 236.
—, Solomon lands 417.
ds
Jalap, Tampico, 302.
Jamaica fruit industries, 242.
—-, report of Royal Commission,
388.
Jarrah for street paving, un
. Johnston, Sir H. H., Tropical
African dried plants, 241, 243.
ueris of Sir Joseph Banks,
b.
RS
Kalanchoe ooo rin Pep 2606.
Karri for street paving, 2
Keeling Islands, drift
from, 171.
Kei-apple as a hedge plant, 114.
Kew as an aid to colonial
development, 209.
—, Handlist of Tender Mono-
cotyledons, 229,
rate
Kew Herbarium, alge in, 171.
—, Hop Hornbeam, 404.
—, list. of Nepenthes cultivated
at, t, 405.
—, My cologic Flora of Royal
Garten: (with cm 115.
—, Nepenthes house, 404
—, new edition of "Key Plan,
301.
—, — wing of Temperate House,
333.
—, number of visitors in 1896,
84.
—, Pelican, 425.
— ‘publications, 1841-1895, list
of, 1, 238.
—, seed distribution, 169.
-—, tropical Fern House, 404.
—, visit of King of Siam, 301.
—, water lily pond, 302.
—, — supply, 334.
Key Plan, new edition of, 301.
King of Siam, visit to Kew, 301,
Kino from Myristica malabarica,
101.
‘Ko Wini’ sugar cane, 221.
L.
Lelia longipes, 241.
Lagos, rubber and coffee in,
Lagria villosa, 186.
Lan nth ., 109.
Laportea 'canadensi is, 430.
L'Archipel de la Nouvelle-Cale-
donie,
Lasiodiscus marmoratus, C. H.
Wright,
Lathyrus intricatus, THEMA 261.
malosanus, Baker, 261.
Liberian coffee at Gold Coast,
325.
— — from Sierra vulp 214.
Library, additions to, 112.
Ligustrum SAn iiia, 110.
Lilium longiflorum, var. Harrisii
from Natal,
Lily bulb disease (with plate),
87.
426
Lily culture in Natal, 406.
Lissochilus milanjianus, 301.
List of Kew publications, 1841-
1895, 1, 238
— — Nepenthes cultivated at
Kew, à
Long Reign eal PR EL 240.
Lugard, Lieut. E. J., Tropical
frican dried plants, 242.
—, Major F. D., Tropical African
dried plants, 242,
Lycoris squamigera, 301.
M.
Macaw palm CON 337.
ew Guinea
12,
Machilus Thuaber gii, 336.
we mei osiers from, 3
Mahon
Malai, "Lieut., Tibetan dried
ET
Mdrpighi Celebration, 403.
Mammea americana, 424.
Marram grass, 211.
Maxillaria pui En 207.
— vn
Mead
168.
Memecylon flavovirens, Baker,
268
Mentzel, R., Tur
Mesquite grass, 226.
Metallonotus denticollis, 188.
Mexican whis
Microcharis Nen os
Brown, 258.
Montserrat, report of Royal
Commission
" Galpini,
382.
Mycologic Flora of Royal Gar- |
dens, Kew, (with plates), 115.
Myrmecodia Antoinii, 86, 110.
E ae
— Rumphi i, 86.
Mirnen M plants, Aus-
tralian,
Myrrh, 98.
labari kino from,
110. |
; Bir B. retirement of,
N.
Natal, lily culture in, 406.
Nepenthes cultivated at Kew,
list of, 405.
— house at Kew, 404.
New garden plants, Appendix
i
— Guinea dried plants, 112.
>
Niger Coast Protectorate Bo
tanie Station, 113.
O.
Obiin notices, 169, 206, 403.
|! Ochna longipes, Baker, 247,
— shirensis, Baker, 247,
Old Calabar, Botanic Station,
113
Oncinotis Batesii, Stapf, 272.
Orange and Lemon borers, 177,
186.
Osiers from Madeira, 338.
| Ostrya carpinifolia, 404.
P.
| Palm kernels, Argentine, 337.
Kew, 23
Palms at
Panicum maximum, 210.
— muticum, 209.
Papain, 104.
ars grass in British Guiana,
paar heliocarpum, 110.
| Parinarium (Sarcostegia) flori-
bundum, Baker, 265
Pelargonium Whytei, Baker,
246.
Pelican at Kew, 425.
Se es peti Kir-
kii, Sta
Padi VER 320.
oe Buchanani, Baker,
— heracleoides, Baker, 268.
— valerianefolium, Baker, 269
437
Phaseolus semi-erectus in Brit.
Gui :
Phylloxera, effects of,in France,
202.
eed A., Tibetan dried plants,
pilus floribunda, Sia 280.
Pistacia Lentiscu
Pittosporum cover Baker,
244,
— oblongifolium, C. H. Wright,
243.
Plantago tanalensis, Baker, 276.
Polygonum baldschnanicum,
301
— (Po nyikense, baker,
Polspodidin ghe cae 8)
Sine lense, Baker, 299.
- (Eupoly pod uti) forsy thi-
anum, Baker, 300.
— (Grammitis) microphyllum,
Baker, 299.
— (Grammitis) tanalense, baker,
300.
Prices of home-grown timber
for 1896, 97
Primula farinosa in the Andes,
— sinen nsis, 403.
Prunus sub-hirte lla, 84.
Psilostachys Kirkii, Baker, 279.
Psilotrichum concinnum, Bak er,
9,
— debile, Baker, 219.
— rubellum, Baker, 276 9;
— trichophyllum, Baker ; 219.
Pterisanthes polita, 403.
R.
Raiz de Zacaton, 172.
Renenthera Storiei, 241.
Rhaphidophora africana, N. E.
Brown, 286.
— pusilla, N. E. Brown, 286.
Rhizopus necans, Mass. (with
plate),
S ynchosia divaricata, Baker,
Rhynchosia ee
floribunda, Baker, 262.
— imbricata, Biker. 263.
— nyikensis, ba à
z sphærocephala, / Baker, 264.
Rhytisma acerinu 40.
ies double, UA
Ridley, H. N., drift seeds from
m Kelmi Islands, 171.
Rose of Jericho, 21
Roth, Dr. J. R;
Rubber mae as in ‘Lagos, 414.
—, Assa 2
— ' collecting in D Brie Leone,
319.
— in Solomon Islands, 419.
Rumex hymenosepalus, 200.
S.
Sago in Solomon Islands, 420.
St. Kitts-Nevis, report of Royal
Commission, 3
— Lucia, report of "Royal Com-
ion, 375.
— Vincent, report of Royal
Commission, 377.
Salix alba, 428.
Sansevieria a from
Leone, :
Scheelea ‘leas 335.
Schistostephium artemisiz-
folium, Baker, 2
— microcephalum, Baker, 270.
Scitamines at Kew, 230
Sclerotinia Galanthi, 172.
Sierra
Screw pines at Kew, 234.
Seed distribution at Kew, 169.
Seeds of herbaceous plants and
of trees and shrubs available
for Mie Appendix L
Selinus planus, 1
Senecio (Kleinin) antitensis,
Baker, 2
— AUN)" ny ikensis, Baker,
— Smithii, 206.
438
Sericocoma Welwitschii, Laker,
78.
Seychelles, Vanilla cultivation,
113.
Shinia in Cyprus, 421.
Sierra Leone, Botanic Station
(with plan), :
— — butter and tallow tree, 320.
— —, forest products of, 318.
— —, Liberian colied from, 314.
— —, rubber collecting in, alg,
Siam, King of, visit to Kew, 301.
Slime-flux, 423.
Smithia eee congesta,
Baker, 25
— C otadliya) drepanophylla,
Baker, 260.
— riaa sphærocephala,
Baker
Sno ker Sie diode. 172.
sates dried plants, 242.
Solanum nakurense, tice cd
Wright, 275.
Solomon Islands, 416.
Sorghum sugar, 1
Spanish chestnut, cultivation in
Punja à =
Spindle tree, 167.
ym of Dele Departments,
of, Appendix I
Pie: id Lieut. -General, 241.
Strobilanthes callosus, 24
se a improvement of,
7
— cane, grafting, 221
— —, improvement of, 317.
m, 173.
— trade, West India, 92.
Swertia nummularifolia, Baker,
14.
Syringa amurensis, 207.
Syringodea luteo-nigra, Baker,
1.
8
T
Tachiadenus parviflorus, Baker,
274.
Tainia ehe 424.
Tampico Jalap, :
Tecoma Whytei, C. H. Wright,
215.
Temperate House, new wing of,
333.
Tender Monocotyledons, hand-
91.
Tephrosia i Pi dissitiflora,
Bakes
— — ISDN lyx, Baker, 258.
— — nyikensis, Baker, 951.
— — perieulosa, Bak er, 258.
— zombensis, Baker, 251.
‘Towne: W., 84.
hurston , Sir J., death of, 169.
Tibetan dried plants, 208.
Timber, home-grown, prices for
1896, 97.
Tobago, "uon of Royal Com-
mission
TT ianthema ny asica, Baker, 268.
Trichocladus malosanus, Baker,
266
Trichopteryx acuminata, Stapf,
— annua, Stapf, 298.
— camerunensis, Stapf, 296.
— flavida, Stapf, 298.
— gigantea, Stapf, 295.
— hordeiformis, ee 297.
— nigritiana, Stapf, 297.
— ramosa, Stapf, 298.
Trinidad, report of Royal Com-
ission, :
Tristachya biseriata, Stapf, 295.
— glabra, Stapf, 294.
— tuberculata, oar 294,
Tristania laurina, 206.
Tropical poses dried plants,
24].
U.
United States National Her-
barium, 204.
Uredo Cannse, 175.
439
SA
Vanilla cultivation in the Sey-
chelles,
Veit Sons, New Guinea
ch &
dried plants, 112.
Veitchia Joannis, 236.
Vernonia humilis, C. H. Wright,
269.
Veroniea balfouriana, 333.
— diosmefolia, var. trisepala,
24]
Victoria Herbarium, 427.
— regia,
Vigna malosana, Baker, 261.
Visitors to Kew, number of, in
Vitis (Cissus)
pins
apodophylla,
rasta ensis, Baker, 249.
M me ATA Baker, 948.
W.
Water Lily pond, 302.
— supply at Kew, 334.
Weihea malosana, Baker, 267.
Wellby, Capt., Tibetan dried
plants, 208.
West Africa, botanical enter-
prise in, 329.
— —, destructive insects, 175.
— India ommission,
109, 339.
— — sugar trade, 92.
— pipes Durian i in, 406.
osed Department of
y, 990.
White Willow, 428.
Whitney sugar cane, 22].
Whyte, A. "Tropical African
dried plants, 241, 243.
Willow, White, 498,
Wine e production i in France, 201.
Wistaria chinensis, var. multi-
juga, 169
E
Yellow Bamboo sugar cane, 221.
Yuccas, Aloes and Agaves at
ew, 231.
Yunnan, a budget from, 407
—, botanical exploration in, 99.
Z.
Zamia obliqua, 301.
|
|
16390
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
APPENDIX I.—1897.
LIST OF SEEDS OF HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS
AND OF TREES AND SHRUBS
The following is a list of seeds of Hardy Herbaceous Annual and
Perennial Plants and of Hardy Trees and Shrubs which, for the most part,
have ripened at Kew during the year 1896. These seeds are not sold
to the general public, but are available for exchange with Colonial,
Indian, and Foreign Botanic Gardens, as well as with regular corre-
spondents of Kew. No application, except from remote colonial posses-
sions, can be entertained after the end of March.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS
Abromia umbellata, Zam. Cali- | Achillea—cont
fornia. ligustica, All. Eur., Orient.
Acaena — cam Ruiz § aee ga Northern
C nobilis, L. Europe.
macrostemon, Hook. f. N. Due 2. bae
donan hemisphere.
microphylla, Hook. f. N. rapeste Minter. Calabia.
e setacea, Waldst. & Kit.
myriophylla, Lindl. Chili. Barope:
ovalifolia, Ruiz & Pav. Peru, hygetis, Bose" Held.
paw : . E. Europe.
ie Ruiz 4 Pav. dabii Jic Jr Koi. Greece.
ili.
Sanguisorbae, Vahl. New Zea- germ ferox, Wall. Himalaya.
eterophyllum, Wall. Hima-
sericea, Jacq. Mexico. dye.
oifal "» Lycoetonum, L. Europe, &c.
Acanthus longifolius, Poir. S. Napellus 4. e honiipbere.
Europe.
bum.
Achillea Ageratum, Z. Europe. orientale, Mill. Caucasus.
ilid. - S. -E. palmatum, D. Don. Himalaya.
decolorans, Schrad. aa Acroglochin chenopodioides,
filipendulina, Zam. Orie Schrad. Asia.
u 94414. TSN]. Wt. 123. A
Actinolepis coronaria, A. Gray.
California.
Actinomeris squarrosa, Nutt. N.
America.
Adesmia muricata, DC. Chili, &e.
Adlumia eirrhosa, Rafin: N.
America,
Adonis pyrenaica, DC. Pyrenees.
JEgopogon Lr den — 21
Bonpl. Trop. Ameri
pee men
Spreng. Orient.
grandiflorum, Boiss. § Hohen.
ersia.
saxatile, R.Br.
S. Europe.
Agrimonia Eupatoria, Z. N.
emisphere.
hi Kunze. | Origin
odorum “Mill, Europe.
Agropyron
Eer
dasyanthum, Ledeb Russia,
desertorum, Schult, Siberia.
glaucum, Roem. & Schult.
caninum, Beauv.
urope.
pungens, Roem. & Schult.
Là
hes
yenanthum, Godr.
whedon Vasey. N. America.
Agrostis a L. Europe.
— var. gigantea, Roth.
— var. E Solian; GB
nigra, With, Europe.
vulgaris, With. Temp.
regions.
Ajuga | Chamaepitys, Schreb.
Europe, &c.
Alchemilla alpina, Z. N. hemi-
ene Bab... Na. W
= Schum. Alps, Pyrenees,
anton, Christ, Switzer-
(00 veris, Zx Europe.
Alisma Plantago, Ls Europe, &c.
a oo
Allium rn i L.
urope, Orien
angulosum, Z. Siber
atropurpureum, Waldst. &
it. Hungary.
Babingtoni, Borrer. Britain,
|| bauerianum, Beker. Orient.
— ata Fisch. & Mey.
Per
Siei L. Europe.
cyaneum, Regel. China.
Cydni, Schott § Kotschy.
sia Minor.
Fetisowi, Regel, Turkestan.
fistulosum, Z. Siberia.
flavum, Z. Europe.
erem Regel. Central
hymenorrhizun, Ledeb
Persia,
kansuense, Regel. China:
karataviense, Hegel. Turkes-
orientale, Boiss. Asia Minor,
ostrowskianum, Regel, Turk-
polyphyllum, Kar. 6 K,
pulchellum, Don. Europe.
dece L. Mediterranean
region.
Arum Des Woo N
hem
— var. eios EAr
scorzoneræfolium, Red. S.
Europe.
senescens, L. Europe, Siberia.
siculum, Ueria. Sicily, &c.
subhirsutum, Æ. Europe.
cc eee Salzm. S. W:
Central
N.
Suworowi, Regel.
Asia.
e Bex dutes
Victoris, : — Si-
beria, &c
Alopecurus arundinaceus, .Poir..
urope, &e.
geniculatus, LZ. N. hemi-
sphere.
pratensis, L. N. hemisphere.
„Althaea cannabina, L. RS
ficifolis , Cav. Dalmatia.
pallida, Waldst. & Kit.
urope.
rosea, Cav,
rient.
sulphurea, Boiss. & Hausskn.
: fauritionsis, DC. Dalmatia.
argenteum, Vitm.
ro
Alyssum
Europe.
creticum, L.
Crete.
maritimum, Lam. Europe.
montanum, L. Europe, Orient.
orientale, Ard. Greece, &c.
podolicum, Bess. Europe,
&c.
pyrenaicum, Lapeyr. Pyre-
saxatile, L. Europe,
Amaranthus ee L. Tropies
of Old Wor
hypochondriacus Ld.
America
Rese 8, L. N. America.
socios. udi. India, &e.
Ambrosia trifida, L. N. America.
Amethystea caerulea, L. Siberia.
Ammophila arundinacea, en t.
Europe
and N. Americ
Amsinckia intermedia, Fisch. ¢
Mey. California.
Amsonia Tabernaemontana, Walt.
N. America.
Anacyclus radiatus, Loisel. Medi-
terranean region,
Anagallis arvensis, LZ. Europe,
io d
e.
— var. carnea, ( Schrank).
— var. caerulea, (Schreb.).
Anchusa italica, Retz. Mediterra-
nean region :
officinalis, Ne Europe.
Androsace filiformis, Retz. N.Asia,
N, America.
lanuginosa, Wall. Himalaya.
nana, Horn. Europe.
Andryala ragusina, Z. Mediter-
'anean region.
varia, Lowe. Madeira.
Anemone decapetala, Z. N.
multifida, Poir. N. America.
pratensis, Z. :
Pulsatilla, Z. Euro
rivularis, Buch- pe Hima-
sylvestris, L, Europe.
Angelica dahurica, Maxim. E.
Asia.
Anoda hastata, Cav. Mexico.
Wrightii, Gray. Mexico.
Anthemis. carpathica, - Willd.
meS &c
montana, L. pst ape &c,
nobilis, ze Eur
var. discoidalis, Hori
peregrina, L. Mediterranean
iie
toria, Z. Eur
lamfe, DC. ay
Anthericum Liliago, L. S. Europe,
N. Afric
— var. sities: Buh R,
ramosum, L. Europe.
Anthoxanthum Puis: x M &
Lam
e, Europe
Anthriscus nius Hoffin.
Europe, Asia.
Anthyllis Vulneraria, Z. Europe,
&e.
Antirrhinum Asarina, Z. Italy.
j M
editerranean
region.
nuttallianum, Benth. Cali-
ornia.
Orontium, Z. Euro rope.
rupestre, Boiss. $ Reut. Spain.
siculum, Mill. Si E
tortuosum, Bosc. W. Mediter-
ranean Sert
A 2
Apera interrupta, Beauv. Europe,
Ke.
Aphanostephus arkansanus, Ay,
Gray. Texas.
Apium graveolens, Z. Europe, &c.
Aquilegia chrysantha, Gray. New
Mexico.
Vx uec James. N. W:
A
flavescone,9. Wats.California,
glandulosa, Fisch. Siberia
vulgaris, L. Europe.
A is 31.2.4 , Stev TUE SATA
region, &c.
alpina, se: Europe, N.
Amerie:
bellidifolia, ne Eur
blepharophylla, nie $ Arn.
aliforn
Spie DC. S. France.
hirsuta, Scop. var. cian
eurl. Euro
eee, omen R-
lucida, L. Europe.
muralis, Bert. var. rosoa, DC.
Eur
Irope.
petraea, Lam. N. temperate
Siu, o Jacq. Alps, &e.
Soyeri, Reut.& Huet. Py-
renees.
Stelleri, DC. var. japonica.
apan,
stricta, Huds. Europe, &c.
Turezaninowii, Ledeb. Si-
beria.
Aralia cachemirica, Decne. Hima-
aya.
cordata, Thunb. Japan.
Archangelica officinalis, Hoffm.
Europe, &c.
ves mA Bernh, Europe.
otschyi, Hort.
pit, ` Bernh. Europe
nemorosum, Lejeune. Europe.
Arenaria balearica, Z. Balearic
sles.
Facchinii, Hort. Kew. Tyrol.
fasciculata, Gouan. Europe.
er Fries. Eu rope.
, Arenaria—con
grandit
e
Schrad. E.
Asia.
grandiflora, L. Euro ope.
gypsophiloides, L.
Minor, &c.
hirta, Wormsk.
mies eue L. Eur
Asia
N. Europe.
rope.
&c.
montana, pain,
pinifolia. Bieb. Caucasus.
pii rt, Ramond. Py-
nees,
veria, L. Europe, &c.
Argemone mexicana.
platyceras, Link § Otto.
Mexico.
Armeria caespitosa, Boiss. Spain
juncea, Girard. S. France
cim Willd. Portugal,
maritima, Willd. Eur
a.
plintagniéa, Willd, Europe.
pungens, whe & Link.
Portug
Arnica rend T Europe, N.
Asia. i
A
avenaceum, Beauv
Europe.
Artemisia annua, Z. E. Europe,
N. Asia.
Arum italicum, Mill. Europe.
Asclepias incarnata, Z.
Ameri
speciosa, Torr. No W:
America.
Asparagus officinalis, Z. Europe,
&c.
Asperella hye Willd. N.
inak
Asperula e Jaub. & Spach.
Ae
galioides, Bieb. d &c.
tinctoria, £L. Eur
Asphodeline iria, Reichb.
S. E. Europe.
Asphodelus albus, Willd. S.
urope.
fistulosus, £L. Mediterranean
region. :
Aster acuminatus, Michr. N.
merica.
alpinus, Z. Europe, N. Asia.
Amellus, Z. PAD , &c.
corymbosus, Ait. N. America
Curtisii, A. Gr. . America
dahuricus, Benth. Siberia
glaucus, Torr & Gray.
America
N ovi-Belgii, L. N.America.
puniceus, Z. N. Ameri
var. lucidulus, Gray
umbellatus, Mill. N. America,
— var. latifolius
an mte T N.
Arctic region
L. Meditarearsen
and
Spa
chinens
Ee Lindl Hima-
aya.
Cicer, L. S. E
Crotalariae,
America.
frigidus, A.Gray. N.A
glycyphyllus, L: Fue, de
kahiricus, Orie
pentaglottis, L.
ranean region
Astrantia Bicbersteinii, Fisch. &
ucacus.
A ag. N.
"Méditer-
ey. Ca
major, L. Euro
— var. carinthiaca, (Hoppe).
Athamanta cretensis, L. S. Europe.
Atriplex Babingtonii, Woods.
Euro
sibirica, L. Siberia.
Atropa Belladonna, Z. Europe, &c.
Aubrietia deltoidea, DC. S.
— var. gruéca, ( Griseb.).
— var. Leichtlinii, Hort.
— var. Richardi, Hort.
Aubrietia—cont.
erubescens, Griseb. Greece.
gracilis, Sprun. Greece.
Avena pratensis, Z. Europe,
Siberia.
pubescens, EE ias &e.
sativa, L. "Cultiv
Baeria Lr. Gray. W. Cali-
platrearpha A. Gray. Cali-
forn
Baptisia snis I HP N.
America
Barbarea tátesietis Bor. Europe.
praecox, R.Br. Europe. ;
vulgaris, vB Europe,
T Asia.
Basella rubra, L. Tropics.
Beckmannia erucaeformis, Host.
N. hemisphere.
— var. mS Scrib. N.
Amer
Beta trgyris; Waldst. $ Kit. E
Europe, Asia Minor
vulgaris, L. Euro urope, Africa,
&c.
Bidens beri L. N. Temperate
Scu mee oA N. America.
grandiflora, Balb. pee
leucantha, Willd. West
I i
tripartita, L. N. Temperate
regions.
mac ciliata, DC. S. Europe.
papier L. Mediterranean
— E PT L. Europe.
Blumenbachia insignis, Schrad.
Monte Video.
Bocconia pace Willd. China &
Japa
microcar sp. Maxim. N
Chin
Boltonia dicun L'Herit. N.
merica.
incisa, Benth. Siberia.
Borago officinalis, L. Europe, Asia
Minor.
Bouteloua oligostachya, Torr. N.
America.
Boykinia rotundifolia, Parry.
California. —
Brachycome ' iberidifolia, Benth.
Australia.
eid ies distachyum, Beauv.
rope, &c.
tae n, Beauv. Europe.
sylvaticum, R.§ S. Europe,
&c.
€ Aver e L. Old World.
chi
rope.
juncea, Coss. ‘Temperate and
tropical Asia.
nigra, Koch. Old World.
oleracea, Z. Europe.
Tournefortii, Gowan. Medi-
terranean region.
Briza media, Z. Europe, &c.
minor, L. Europe, &c. |
Brodiaea grandiflora, Sm. N. W.
merica
pedunenlaris, S. Wats. Cali-
Buenos
uniflora, Baker.
Ayres.
Bromus adoénsis, Hochst. Abys-
sinia.
albidus, Bieb. Caucasus.
asper, Murr. Europe, &c.
kii tian Buckl. N. W.
rica.
brizneformis, Fisch. & Mey.
ciliatus, T. N. America.
x ^
Kalmii, A. Gray. N. Amer
macrostach ys Doy. Mediter-
ranean reg
madritensis, ES Europe &c.
maximus, Desf. Europe, &c.
- Gassone vt »
L. Europe, &c.
raped Jord. Europe.
sterilis, Z. Europe, &c.
Tacna, Steud. Peru. `
tectorum, L: Europe, Asia.
vit H. B. & K. South.
Am
—À demissa, L. Peru, c.
elata, L. Peru
-Bryonis dioit om Europe.
Bulbine annua, Willd. Cape of
Hope.
Bulbinella Hookeri, iia
Hook. f. N. Zealan
Buphthalmum pto didor um, L.
- urope.
"enlicifolium, i S. Eur k
speciosum, Sehi eb. Europe
Bupleurum aureum, Fisch. E.
urope.
Candollti, JVall. Himalaya.
op toting, L, Europe.
rigidum, Z. W. Europe.
_ rotundifolium, L. Europe, &c.
Butomus. umbellatus, Z. Europe,
&c
Cakile maritima, Scop. Europe.
epigeios, . Roth.
&c
varia, Beauv. Europe, &c.
Calamintha Acinos, Clairv. Europe,
&c.
Calamagrostis
merce tit Benth N. tem-
perate regio
grandiflora, tick: Europe.
Calandrinia grandiflora, Lindl.
pilosiuseula, - aaa Chili.
mbellata, C. Chili.
Gus" mexicana, Benth.
o.
Calendula officinalis, £. S.
urope
sulfates Vahl. W. Medi-
terranean region.
Callirhóe iet A. Gray. N.W.
Americ
Caltha emer L. N..hemi-
sphere
— var. minor, Syme.
Camassia v Hort. Origin
unce
-Cusickii, "S. Wats, A.
esculenta,
- America.
Fraseri, Torr ON America.
-" Leichtlinii, s. Haie Osli- ,
fornia. :
Camelina sativa, Crantz. Europe,
&c.
- Campanula ote Willd.
Sibth. $ Sm
reece,
— var. alba.
— var. attica (Boiss. §
eldr s Greece.
, &c.
— var. macrantha, (Fisch.).
— var. versicolor, (Sibth. &
m.
latiloba, DC. Mite
Medium, L. S. Europe.
persicifolia, L. Europe, &e,
— var. alba.
pulla, Z. Europe.
pyramidalis, L. Europe.
ramosissima, Sibth. & Sm.
reece. p
ee oe x Europe,
&e. 7
reuteriana, Boiss. & Bal.
Asia Minor, &c.
rhomboidalis, A Europe.
rotundifolia, L. N. temperate
region
Scheuchzeri, Vill. din
sibirica,
Willa. )
. Europe
— var. divergens,
E agone Adans. Medi-
n region, &c.
ini; gis kis E. Mediter-
ranean re
impatiens, L "dici &c.
Carduus crispus, L. Europe, &c.
L. Europe, &c
halus,
tenuiflorus, Curt. Europe, &c.
dae nied Boott, N. America,
N. temperate
‘seston
Crus - ere: Shuttl. N.
America.
depauperata, Good.Europe,&c.
divulsa, Good. N. temperate
regions
flava, L. N. temperate regions.
— var, viridula.
fusca, All. Europe, &c.
hi
hordeistichos, Vill. Europe,
e.
leporina, Z. N. temperate
paniculata, -Z. Temperate
ons.
pendula, Huds. Europe, &e.
sylvatica, Hu
ree Good. Europe,
&ibuléidos, Wahlenb. N.
vulpina, rA Europe, &c.
vulpinoidea, — Miche. N.
.— America.
Carthamus flavescens, Willd. Asia
ius, L. Europe, &e.
tinctorius, Z. Europe, &c.
Carum | ntes eroi Koch.
,; we.
Carvi, L. Europe, &c.
copticum, Benth. & Hook. f.
Europe, &e.
Petroselinum, Benth. & Hook.
. Old World.
rigidulum, Koch. Europe.
Catananche caerulea, Z. W. Medi-
ean region.
Caucalis daucoides, L. Europe, &c.
Cedronella mexicana, Benth.
Mexi
cana, Hook. Arizona.
Celsia glandulosa, Bouché. Asia
Minor.
orientalis, Z. Asia Minor.
pontica, Borss. Asia Minor.
Cenchrus tribuloides, Z. N.
America.
Cenia turbinata, Pers. Cape of
Good Hope. i
Centaurea alba, € var. deusta,
Te
T
emopurpuse Waldst. $ Kit.
. Eur
axillaris, Wila. Europe, &c.
Crocodylium, Z L —
Cyanus, L.
cynaroides, Tink, nis Is-
lands.
dealbata, Willd. Asia Minor,
&c.
ino Dryand. N. Africa
Fontanesii, Spach. Algeria.
glastifolia, L. Asia Minor, &c.
, L. Europe, &c.
nigra, L.
nigrescens, Willd. Europe.
— var. vochinensis ( BernA.).
pulchra, DC. India.
Scabi
— var. olivieriana, PDC. F
Centranthus Calcitrapa, Dufr.
Europe.
macrosiphon, Boiss. Spain.
ruber, DC. Europe, &c.
Cephalaria alpina, Schrad. Europe.
leucantha, Schrad. Spain, &c.
och Schrad. Mediterra-
hta Prod. Siberia.
transsylvanica, Z. uth
Europe, Asia Minor, &c.
Cerastium alpinum, Z. var. vil-
losum, ACA Burigi.
arvense, L. E
— var. grandiflo ifort DU.
chloraefolium, Fisch. & Mey.
sia Minor.
perfoliatum, Z. Mediterranean
region.
purpurascens, Adams. Asia
inor, &c.
Cerinthe alpina, Kit. Europe, &c.
major, L. Europe.
Chaerophyllum aromaticum, L.
Europe.
aureum, Z. Europe, Asia
Minor.
Charieis heterophylla, Cass. Cape
of Good Hope.
Cheiranthus Cheiri, Z. Europe.
Chelidonium ae L. pM &c.
— var. flore pleno
—- var. ciun.
Tome Lyoni, Pursh. N. America.
morosa, Dougl. N. America.
ifr cde N. America
Chasers album, L. Temperate
E:
o
"Z
Ld
e
A
3
as È
E
o
5
aromaticum, Hort. Origin
uncertain.
Bonus-Henricus, ZL. Europe.
- Botrys, L. Europe, &c.
— Aschers, Europe,
ficifolium, Sm. Europe.
gra aveolens, Willd. Mexico.
opt foliun, Schrad. Europe,
&c.
Quinoa, Willd. S. America.
virgatum, ht Japan.
Vulvaria, L.
Chlorogalum pomeridianum,
Kunth. California.
Chorizanthe membranacea, Benth,
. Ameriea.
Chorispora tenella, DC. Caucasus,
&c.
Chrysanthemum Vea
Schousb. N. Afric
caucasicum, Pers. C Caucasus.
cinerariaefolium, Vis. Dal-
matia.
coccineum, Willd. Caucasus,
&
cor se ini L. Mediterranean
re
cor rybosum,
nean region
fwet; Brot. S. W. Europe.
paean L. Europe,
L. Mediter-
eA imum, Ramond,Pyrenees
macrophyllum, Waldst. & Kit.
Hungary
multicaule, Desf. N. Africa.
pallens, J Gay. Europe.
Parthenium, Bernh. Europe.
praealtum, Vent.Caucasus, &e.
segetum, L, Europe, &e.
ee ee PR
setaben o. Dila, Span &
Portu S
Zawadskii, Herbich. E.
Europe.
Chrysopogon Gryllus, Trin
Tropical and sib tropiel
regions.
Chrysopsis villosa, DC. N.
America.
Cicer arietinum, Z. Europe, &c.
Cichorium Endivia, Z. Orient.
pe.
Mediter-
Cimicifuga foetida, L. Europe, &c.
— var. intermedia.
racemosa, Nutt. N. America.
Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad.
Tropical Africa
Cladium germanicum, Schra
Temperate & yener
regions.
Clarkia m a Dougl. tne
p Eren Pursh. Oregon,
r. alba
addc idu Down. N.
America.
sibirica, Z. N. Asia and N.
America.
Clematis integrifolia, L. S. Europe,
recta, L. S. Europe.
Cleome es i, Torr. & Gray.
Ame
viol, È. L. p &c.
Cleonia lusitanica, L. Spain, &c.
Clypeola cyclodontea, Delile.
Europe.
Cnicus altissimus, Willd. N. Ame-
rica.
eanus, Roth. Europe.
ciliatus, Roth. Europe.
fimbriatus, Bieb. Caucasus.
horridus, Bieb. Caucasus.
intermedius, Heller. Europe.
Cnicus—cor
nt.
dm Bieb. Europe, Cau-
«tellatus, Roth, Europe.
yriacus, Roth. Mediterranean
region.
Cochlearia danica, L. N. & Arctic
regions.
glastifolia, "s xa Euro
officinalis, Z. N.
regions
& Ae
-. Codonopsis ovata, Benth. W. Hima-
laya.
Colchicum speciosum, Stev. Cau-
casus.
Collinsia bartsiaefolia, Benth. Cali-
fornia.
bicolor, Benth. California.
gra E est AE
ainsi
pa vittors, in l. N. America.
— Fick. & Mey. N.
Ameri
verna, Nutt. N. America.
Collomia coccinea, Lehm. Chili.
gilioides, Benth. California.
grandiflora, "ae California.
linearis, Nutt. California, &c.
Commelinacoelestis, J/7/1d. Mexico.
^
Conium maculatum, 7. Europe.
Conringia orientalis, Dum. Europe,
&c.
vermes ae L. N temperate
aeu "tricolor L. Medi-
rranean region.
undulatus, Cav. Mediterranean
region.
baee abyssinica, Sch. Bip.
ssinia
Drumond, Torr. & Gray.
eliiflors, Nutt. S. United
States.
lanceolata, L. N. America’
— var. villosa. Micha. S.
Uni tes. i
tinctoria, Vutt. N. America.
— yar. atrosanguinea.
Coriandrum sativum, Z. Europe,
&e. -
Corispermum hia L:
N. hemi
Coronilla ano, pee & Reut.
Mar
itn is, dm. Europe, &c.
. varia, L. Europe, &c.
Corrigiola Siinai Europe.
Cortusa Matthioli, Z. Europe &
. Asia. eo
Wahlenb,
Corydalis capnoides,
E
urope.
glauca, Pursh. N. America.
lutea, DC. Europe.
racemosa, Pers. Japan.
sibirica, Pers. Siberia.
iis cn canescens, Beauv.
Cosmidium burridgeanum, Hort.
origin.
Kosmos bipinnatus, Cav. Mexico,
&e,
Cofüla coronopifolia ro s. Africa. -
Cousinia uncinata, Regel. N. Asia.
Crambe pinnatifida, R. Br. Cau-
eacus.
Crepis alpina, Z. Asia Minor, &c.
aurea, Reichb. Europe.
hyoseridifolia, Reich. Europe.
D Moench. Europe.
virens, Z. Europe,
Crocus biflorus, Mill. Tuscany, &c.
ellatus, Herb. var. cili
uscan
D Tenore. Southern
Mek Balb. N. Italy.
Sieberi, Gay.. Greece, &c.
speciosus, Bieb. Asia Minor.
tommasinianus, Herb. Dal-
matia, &c.
vernus, "All. Europe
zonatus, Gay. Asia Minor,
Crucianella aegyptiaca, L. Egypt.
-Cryptostemma calendulaceum,
R.Br, S. Africa.
Cucubalus baceiferus, £L. Europe,&c.
Cuminum Cyminum, Z. Mediter-
ranean region.
Cuphea lanceolata, Ait. Mexico.
ico.
Cuscuta Epilinum, Weihe. Europe,
&c.
Cyclanthera explodens, Naud.
Columbia.
Cynara Scolymus, Z. Europe, &c.
Cynodon Dactylon, Pers. Cosmo-
politan.
Cynoglossum officinale, Z. Europe,
e
petiolatum, 4, DC. Hima-
aya ^
pictum, Ait. Mediterranean
region
Cynosurus cristatus, Z. Europe,
Ca
echinatus, Z. S. Europe, &c.
Dactylis glomerata, L. Europe, &c.
Dahlia D s Knowles & West-
: seg
iabilis, Desf. M
CUM Tágopus, Willd. Minii
Datura i M Ja Abyssi
tramonium, Z.. Cüditopolitan.
eala, m Euro;
— var. gigantea, ^
Dancus Carota, L. Europe, &c.
pusillus, Miche. N. America.
Delphinium - Ajacis, Zeichb.
Europe.
cardinale, Hook. — €
ides
cardiopetalum, DC. Eur
cashmirianum, Royle. HAE
nys
E C. A. Mey. Cau-
casus.
Consolida, Z. Europe, &c.
cory pero; Hegel. Tur-
kestan.
. dietyoe 'arpum, mn —
elatum, Z. Eur
cam Yan dian (Waldst. 5
— var; intermedium.
geen’ Boiss,
& Huet.
rmenia F
ure tir BRIA
andi florum, L. Siber
em ridum, Steph. het &
Orien
maackianum, Regel. Amur-
an
orientale, J. Gay. Europe,
Ori
ee Bieb. Caucasus.
— var Me i. um.
triste, Fisch. Sibe
vestitum, Wall. See loves
Demazeria sicula, Dum. Europe.
seep sie caespitosa, Beauv.
Temperate regions.
Deyeuxia neglecta, Kunth. N.
temperate regions
Dianthus poe bi, Baro rope.
atr LS. iae
ime
m pe.
salDaóhQs Schott & Kotschy.
Trans ie vania.
carthusianorum,
i
L. Europe,
Caryophyllus, E^ — &c.
— Guss. Italy, &e.
aren L. Europe, &c.
s, Bieb. Caucasus.
monspessulanus,
EA Waldst. & Kit. E.
uro
L. Europe; &c.
Gren. & Godr.
yrenees.
tener, Balb. Piedmont.
£ — albus, Z. eS &c.
var, purpureu
_plumarius,
Requienii,
Digitalis ambigua, Mor Europe,
&c.
ferruginea, L. Europe.
lanata, Ehrh. E. Europe.
purpurea, L
DRE arctan e Less. Cape
D DC. ‘Cape of Good
|
|
|
eem
=
Dipcadi serotinum, Medic. Europe,.
&e
Diplotaxis siifolia, Awnze. Spain,
e.
tenuifolia, DC. Europe, &c.
— asper, Wall. Himalaya.
llonum, L. Europe, &c.
heini atus, L. Europe,
sylvestris, Mill. Europe, &c.
Dischisma arenarium, Æ. Mey.
Cape of Good Ho ope.
ae er.
Dodecatheon Meadia,
splendi
Doronicum plantagineum, Z. var.
excelsum.
Doryenium herbaceum, Vill. S.
Europe, Asia Minor
Draba aizoides, Z. epi
arabisans Michæ
erica.
carinthiaca, Hoppe. Europe.
frigida, Saué. Alps, Europe.
irta, N. & Arctic
N.
arctic pt
— var. Thomasii, (Koch).
. Kotschyi, Stur. È. Europe-
lactea, Adams. ope.
Loiseleurii, Boiss. Corsica.
stellata, Jacg. N. and arctic
| eerie e grandiflorum, ZL.
Moldavica, L. Siberia, &c.
nutans, L. Siberia.
parviflorum, Nutt. N.America..
ruyschiana, L. Europe, &c.
Drimia robusta, Baker. S. Africa,
Dryas octopetala, Z. Europe, &c.
Drypis spinosa, Æ. Mediterranean
region.
N.
Dulichium spathaceum, Rich,
America,
Ecballium ee A, Rich.
Mediterranean region
Eget ene Ruiz &
Pav. C
Echinaria sll Desf. Europe.
Echinocystis lobata, Torr Gray,
N. America,
12
Echinodorus ranunculoides, n-
gelm. Europe, &c
Echinops on Rochel. E.
Eu
globifer, Janka. È. Europe.
Ritro, Mediterranean
on.
sphaerocephalus, ZŁ. Europe,
&e.
Echium plantagineum, L. Europe,
&e.
Eleusine coracana, Gaertn. S.
erica, &c.
Elsholtzia eristati, Willd. Europe,
N. Asia
Elymus canadensis L. N. America
— var. gil, A. Gray.
coon cus, L. Sibe
virginicus, L. N. "itc
Emex spinosa, Campd. S. Europe,
.. &e.
Emilia flammea, Cass. India, &c.
Encelia a MÀ A. Gray.
Mexic
meno na wem E: 5
hemisphere.
billardierianum, Ser. Australia,
Dodonaei es eme.
hirsutum, L Eur
Lamyi, Schultz. "s. Europe,
linnaeoides, Hook. f. N. Zea-
land, &c.
montanum, Z. Euro
UE A, Cunn.
N. x =
— var. ced
roseum, Sire Europe, &c.
rosmarinifolium, Haenke
Euro on
— var.
tired levi Europe.
Eragrostis or ae im Link.
Abyssi
minor. M st Tropics.
Purshii, Schrad. N. America.
Bunge.
Eremostachys laciniata,
Asia Minor, &c.
Eremurus altaicus, Stev. Siberia,
e:
spectabilis, Bieb. Asia Minor,
&e. X
i fastigiatus, Nees. —
ictus, Baldw. N. Am
Ecos acre, L. var. aci: us,
Fr
ries). N. temp. regions.
compositus, Pursh. N.
droebachensis, O. Muell.
urope.
— Nutt. N. America.
r. asper.
Howell sim Gray: oN. W.
Am
macranthus, Nun. IN. We
merica.
mucronatus, DC. Mexico.
philadelphicus, Z. N. Ame-
rica.
speciosus, DC.N.W.America.
strigosus, Muhl. N. America.
Erinus alpinus, L. Europe.
Eriophyllum at th Dougl.
N.W. Ameri
Erodium gruinum, ‘Soland. S.
ni
rope, &c.
macradenum, L’Herit. Py-
seroti
num, ucasus.
trichomanefoli
. Cau
um, L’ Heri
pain
tmoleum, Reut. Asia Minor.
Eruca sativa, Mill. Mediterranean
region.
idm 5 amethystinum, JL.
Tope.
bromeliæfolium, Delar. Cen-
ral America.
giganteum, pnia Armenia,
planum, L. Europe, &c.
triquetrum, Vahl. N. Africa.
Er _— Se Sie DC. N.
Ame
er "Bieb. Caucasus.
ry: Gi
mp Andrz.
a, &c.
persian, Fisch. & Mey.
rire DC. Asia Minor.
Erythraea Centaurium,
Europe.
Pers.
13
Eschscholzia californica, Cham.
California.
— var. caespitosa, Brewer.
Eucharidium rd bii A. Gray.
Califor
eotialitiüm; - Fisch. & Mey.
California
— var. grandiflorum.
Eupatorium ageratoides, L. N.
America.
aromaticum, Z. N. America.
cannabinum, L. Europe, &c.
purpureum, L. N. America.
serotinum, Micha. N. Ame-
rica.
sessilifolium, Z. N. America.
Euphorbia coralloides, Z. S.
s Miche. N. America.
L. Europe.
dividi DC. Spain, &c.
E
D
medicaginea, Boiss. Spain
Myrsinites, L. S. Europe
Peplis, Z. y. &c.
mà rade F Kit. E.
Europe.
Fagopyrum esculentum, Moench.
Europe, &c.
tataricum, Gaertn. Europe,
&c.
Farsetia clypeata, R. Br. S.
urope,
Fedia Cornucopiae, Gaertn. Medi-
terranean region
Felicia fragilis, Cass. S. Africa.
Ferula communis, L. Mediter-
ranean region
Ferulago, Z. S. Europe &c.
Lii Webb. & Berth. Cee)
Islands,
tingitana, L. N. Africa, &c.
Festuca arundinacea, Vill. Europe.
i Temperate
regions.
capillifolia, Dufour. Spain.
Festuca—cont.
ane Lag. Spain and
Portugal.
dofiaigeia, L. Europe, &c.
— var. crassifolia, Gaud.
var. atti
scoparia, Kern. Pyrenees,
Foeniculum vulgare, Mill. Europe.
Fragaria indica, Andr. India,
China, &c.
Francoa appendiculata, Cav. Chili.
Fritillaria armena, Boiss. Asia
Minor.
imperialis, Z. Orient.
kotschyana, Herb. Asia Minor,
Meleagris, L. Europe,
pontica, Wahl, Asia Minor.
Fumaria officinalis, Z. Temperate
regions of Old World.
Funkia lancifolia, decet eng. Japan.
— var. albo-marginata, Hort.
oyata, Spre "d Japan.
sieboldiana, Hook. Ja pan.
Gaillardia zio ges Pursh. N.
America,
Galega pne L. Europe, &c.
orientalis, Lam. Caucasus.
Galeopsis po Bartl,
Pyren
PU. brachystephana, Regel.
S. Am
i Ca av. S. America.
Galium boreale, Z. N. temperate
o
PA aiie L. Europe,
recurvum, Reg. lm Ae.
teli isiimtm; Bieb. Cau
— Stokes. Europe, 4 Ac.
um, L. Europe, &
"Gaudinia fragilis, Beauv. Mediter-
ranean region
-Gaura parviflora, Dougl. N.
merica.
-Gentiana enc Ó L. Europe.
— alba.
eruit; L. Europe, &e.
lutea, Z. Europe, &e.
septemfida, Pall. Caucasus.
tibetiea, King. Himalaya, &c.
"Geranium seein Bieb. Caucasus.
oiss.
DoNeietor L. e ne
eaa Burm. f. EI. &ec.
pyr satius F —
vun, Vill. "Posopi:
sylvatieum, Z. Europe, &e.
wallichianum, G. Don. Hima-
aya.
Wilfordi, Maxim. Manchuria.
wlassovianum, Fisch. Siberia.
Gerbera — Bellidiastrum, Benth.
i cC.
. kunzeana, A. Br. & Asche
Himalaya
nivea, Sch. ‘Bip. Himalaya.
Geum chiloense, Bald, —
hispidum, Fries. Spa
inclinatum, Schleich. Saisie:
lan
macrophyllum, Willd. N. W.
meric
rope.
. . Antartic
pyrenaicum, Mill. Pyrenees. .
rivale, L. N.temperateregions,
strictum, Ait. N. temperate
ote, Pursh. N. America. |
tyrolense, Kern. Tyrol.
urbanum, i ds Europe, &c.
14
Gilia MN Benth. Cali-
for
entrees, Steud, California.
— var. rosea, ;
capitata, Sims. N.W. America,
densiflora, Benth. California.
dianthoides, Endl, California.
inconspicua, Dougl. Cali-
ornia
ladiniata, Ruiz § Pav, Chili,
Peru.
micrantha, Steud. California.
squarrosa, Hook. & Arn Cali-
fornia.
tricolor, Benth. California.
Gillenia trifoliata, Moench. N.
America
Gladiolus atroviolaceus, — Boiss.
Siri Rs. LE
segetum, Ker-Gawl. Medi-
terranean region.
Glaucium corniculatum, © Curt.
Dopo &c.
— var, rubrum, Hort.
Mee Crantz. var. falfum,
Sm
Globularia trichosantha, Fisch. &
Mey. Asia Minor, &c.
vulgaris, Z: Europe, &e.
Glyceria maritima, Mert. & Koch.
N. temperate regions.
Rien e Se $ sem E
oars ele L. Tropies of
Old World.
luteo-album, Z. Cosmopolitan.
Gratiola officinalis, Z. Europe.
— var. minor.
Grindelia glutinosa, Dunal. Cali-
ornia,
inuloides, Willd. Texas, &c.
squarrosa, Dunal. N. W.
America,
Caine abgisinien: Cass. peepee
Africa..
Gunnera chilensis, Lam. “Chili,
anicata,
razil.
Gypophila € T: Man
panicu L. Siberia, &c.
Rokejeka, Delile. Est &e.
Hablitzia tamnoides,
Caucasu
Hastingia alba, S. Wats. California,
Hebenstreitia tenuifolia, Schrad.
ape of Good Hope.
Hedysarum boreale, Nutt. N. Ame-
rica.
coronarium, L. S. W. Europe.
esculentum, peed E. Siberia.
UR sum, L.
mic ocalyx, Bah. Himalaya.
piede Ledeb. Siberia.
. Europe.
Nym. Mediter-
ranean region,
Helenium autumnale, Z. var pumi-
lum, (Willd.) N. America.
Bolanderi, A. Gray. Cali-
fornia.
mc A. Gray. N. W.
tenotfoliitt Nutt. N. America.
Helianthus. annuus, Z. N. Ame-
rica.
debilis, Nutt. Texas, &c.
Helichrysum br acteatum, Andr.
Australia l
lanatum, DC. Asia: Miet..
serotinum, Boiss.S.W. Europe.
Heliophila um careers Ws J.
ood Hope.
dioles; Sims. Cape of Good
ope.
crithmifolia, Willd. Cape of
Good Hope.
Heliopsis laevis, Pers. N. America.
Heliotropium ven cee L.
Europe.
Bum tm F. Muell.
stralia
Mieri. Hort. Australia.
roseum, Benth. Australia.
Helleborus colchicus, Regel. Min-
eli
gre
foetidus, L. Europe
e Lam. Gio &e.
seus.
Helonias UN L. N. America.
var. latifolia,
Bieb.
Hemerocallis flava, ZL. S. Europe.
va, L. S. Europe, &c.
— var. Kwanso, Regel.
see asperum, Breb. Cauca-
su
gummiferum, Willd. Europe.
‘lanatum, Miche erica
Panaces, L. S. Europe.
pyrenaicum, Zam. Pyrenees.
phondylium, Z. Europe.
villosum, Fisch. Caucasus.
Herniaria glabra, Z. Europe, N-
Asia
tiros; L. Europe.
Hesperis matronalis, Z. Europe, &c.
Heterotheca Lamarckii, Mass. N.
a.
Heuchera P s ai Dougl.
N. W. America. - ;
Drummond, Hort. Origin
elaine Willa N.W. America.
a Fisch. & Mey, N,
Ameri
aii: Engelm: New
Mexico.
Hind -Trionum, Z. Tropics of
orld.
Hieracium alpinum, Z. Europe.
amplexicaule, E S. Eu urope,
aurantiacum, urope.
bupleuroides, C. C. Gmel,
Europe.
corymbosum, Fries. N.Europe.
Jankae, Uechtritz, E. Europe.
Waldst. $ Kit.
L. var. integri-
pr
pulmonarioides, V7//. Europe.
rigidum, Hartm. Europe.
saxatile, Vill. Europe.
stoloniflorum, Waldst. $ Kit.
Europe.
villosum, Jacq. Europe.
E Fries. N. temperate
regions.
Niggorcepies E a.
in region,
16
Holcus lanatus, Z. Europe.
Hordeum jubatum, L. N. America,
6:
maritimum,
es
m, L. Europe, &c.
i i Schreb. Europe,
&e.
Horminum pyrenaicum, Z. Pyre-
nees.
Hosackia uoces G. Don. N.
Ameri
Humulus japonicus, Sieb. & Zucc.
apan
var. variegatus.
1°
-
4
ts
" Sweet
With. Europe,
California.
Hyacinthus amethystinus, L. Py-
renees.
romanus,
region,
Hydrocotyle repanda, Pers.
America,
L. Mediterranean
6
N.
—PN(Ó canadense, L N.
meri
Vineis L. N. America.
Hymenophysa seth ae Go X
Mey. Siberia
TY.
v
pi Asia Minor,
` &c.
mitts L. Europe, &c.
r. albus, Hort.
Hypecoum arenam. Benth.
Mediterranean region.
L. Mediterra-
nean region, &c.
atomarium,
Minor, &c.
Gebleri, C. A. Mey. Siberia.
montanum, L. Europe.
olympicum, ZL. Asia Minor,
orientale, L. var. decussatum,
nze).
perforata L. Europe, &c.
pyramidatum, Ait. N. America,
Richeri, Vill. Europe.
tetrapterum, Fries. Europe,
&e.
tomentosum, L. Mediterranean
ion.
t
4
Boiss.
Hypochoeris glabra, L. Europe.
Hyssopus officinalis, Z. Europe,
&c.
— var. aristatum, (Jord.).
Iberis amara, L. Europe.
ciliata, All. Italy, &c.
lagascana, DC. Spai
“porii Boiss. Seii
umbellata, Z. S. Europe.
— var. carnea.
Impatiens amphorata, ÆEdgw.
balsamina, z India & Orient.
ria,
scabrida, DC. Himalaya.
Inula barbata, Wall. Himalaya.
bifrons, rope.
hk. us.
grandiflora, Willd. Himalaya,
&c.
onium, A Europe, &c.
hirta, Z. Europe, &c.
Hookeri, C. "BC Clarke. Hima-
laya.
salicina, L. Europe, &c.
thapsoides, Spreng. Caucasus.
Iris foetidissima, Z. Europe, &c.
graminea, L. S. Europe, &e.
missouriensis, Nutt. N.
Pseudacorus, L. be &e.
— p scone E. Sibe:
var. atropu rpari
sibirica, T Europe, &c.
Mediterranean re-
pers n, &c.
— var. notha (Bieb.).
Isatis tinctoria, L. Europe, &c.
erma. fumarioides, Z. Europe,
Iva siia Nutt. N. America.
Jasonia tuberosa, L. S. Europe.
Juncus cet Vill. es &e.
balticus, Willd. Europe,
. temperate
cuim
amissonis, Kunth. Andes.
compressus, Jacq. Temperate
gions. .
17
Juncus—con
ffusus, L Europe, &c.
glaucus, Sibth. Europe, &e.
lamprocarpus, Ehrh. Europe,
&c.
maritim Lam. Temperate
regio
uaire, Ehrh. Europe, &c.
squarrosus, Europe.
tenuis, Willd. Europe, &c.
Juriuea cyanoides, D.C. Caucasus,
&c.
Kitaikbelia vie Willd. E.
suro
Kochia scoparia, Schrad. Europe,
&e
Koeleria cristata, Pers.N temperate
phleoides, Pers. Mediterranean
region.
Lactuca hirsuta, Muhl. I
muralis, Æ. Mey. Europe, &c.
Plumier, Gren. & Godr.
Fra
vida: on Europe, &c.
Lallemantia peltata, Fisch. & Mey-
Caucasus.
ame aurea, ee Medi-
terranean regio
Lapsana communis, L. e
Lasthenia — Lindl. Cali-
uina
Lathyrus pu L. Europe.
Aphaca, L. Europe, &c.
scidit W. Mediter-
ranean €—
Cicera, Mediterranean
:
egion.
Clymenum, Z. Mediterranean
ae à
filiformis, Gay. S. Europe.
latifolius, L. Europe.
— sifolius (Badaro).
ateiti Wimm. Europe.
n
Nissolia, L. Europe, &c.
Ochrus, DC.
Lathyrus—cont
pisiformis, L. Euro ope, &e.
rotundifolius, h e m
ret L. Ee
tingitan L. W. Mediter-
ranean Sodio
tuberosus, ZL. Europe, &c.
venosus, Muhl. N. America.
Lavatera cachemiriana, Cambess.
Himalaya.
thuringiaca . Europe.
porns L. Mediterranean
regio
Layia sami Torr. & Gray.
alifornia.
dece
Califor
Lens Tier Rs p oench. Orient.
Leontodon autumnalis, Z. Europe,
Hook. & Arn.
e
crispus, Vill. Europe.
Ehrenbergii, Hort. Kew.
Origin uncertain.
Leontopodium alpinum, Cass.
Europe, &c.
Leonurus Semi L. Europe,
piiri icus, L. Siberia, &c.
tataricus, Z. Central Asia.
| Lepachys eae a a Torr.& Gray.
| . W. Ameri
Mediterranean |
T:
üro
u 94414.
i
|
egion.
punmonicns, Garcke.var.varius, |
var. biai, Torr. &
ray.
Lepidi Draba, L. Europe, &e.
irs nifolium, L. Europe,
den Roth. Siberia, &c.
lati ifolium, L. Europe, &c.
Menziesii, DC. = America.
sativum, Z. Orien
virginicum, L. N. eni.
Leptosyne Douglasii, DC. Cali-
forni
nena. A. Gray. Cali-
fornia.
Lepturus cyliadsioug, Trin. Europe,
Leuzea Csa, ish Mediter-
ranean regio
kien ofcinale, MG var.
egatum, Eur
n
Liatris scariosa, illd. N.America.
hme illd. N. America.
— var. montana, A. Gray.
Ligisteum eius, Spreng. Cau-
asu
pyrenaicum, Gouan. Pyrenees. |
oticu p
m, L. Europe, &c
Sapan. e S. Europe.
Thomsoni, B. Clarke.
Himalaya.
ae Mene Mill. ——
Bent Boiss. & Reut.
pal
T Willd. N. Africa.
Broussonetii, Char. Marocco,
o.
chalepensis, Mill. S. Europe,
e
dalmatica, M: “3 Dalmatia,
hirta, Moen Spain and
Portugal.
maroccana, Hook. wet Marocco.
minor, Desf. E z
multipunctata, IGI. &
Link, Portug
peloponnesiaca, Boiss. &Heldr.
Greece.
purpurea, L. Eur
reticulata, Desf. N. "atria, &c.
— var. purpurea
saxatilis, Hoffngg. & Link,
Portugal.
spartea, Hoffmgg. & Link.
W. Medi
rranean region.
— Bis Willd. Por-
triphylla, Mill. Mediterranean
tristis: Mill. Spa
pai
vulgaris, Mill. ape: &c.
Lindelophia spectabilis, Lehm.
Himalaya.
Lindheimera texana, 4. Gray.
Texas.
Linum alpinum, Z. Europe, &c.
ae Fac: Huds. Europe,
grandiflora, me Algeria.
— var. coccine ;
nervosum, Wi aldst. & Kat.
ungary
oS. TE N. temperate
fe, ag L. Europe, &c.
sane d Griseb. Chili.
ca, André. New
Giteniad a.
Lobelia Erinus, Z. S. aoe
syphilitica, Z. N. Am
tenuior, A. Br. »straln.
triquetra; L. S. Afric
Lolium multiflorum, Lam. MR
Lonas inodora, Gaertn. Sicily, &c..
Lopezia coronata, Andr. Mexico:
Lotus a hii L. Temperate
major
ornithopodioides, ys ? Moditer.
nean region
éliqdodts, L. Mediterranean
region.
tenuis, Waldst. & Kit. Europe,
&e.
Tetragonolobus, L. Mediter-
‘Lunaria ånnua, L. Europe. _
rediviva, Z. Europe. :
Lupinus T Agardh, Cali-
for
angustifolius, L. Mediter-
ranean T
arboreus, Sime: California
Cosentini, Guss. Sicily.
elegans, 77. B. & K Mexico.
hirsutissimus, Benth. Cali-
rnia.
Menziesii, mite EN.
a cea N.
Amer
aintabilis, du: New Grenada.
pol yphyllus, Lindi. California.
ee dae En enth. New
pulchellus, Sweet. Mexico.
subearnosus, Hook. Te
tricolor, Mort. Garden origin.
.
Luzula pamens DC. Europe,
maxima , DC. Europe.
nivea, DC. Europe.
Lychnis alpina, Mill. Northern
and Are
tic regions.
— var. elegans. Hort.
Lychnis—cont
coronaria, ‘Desr. Europe.
pyrenaica, ron LO rerit
Viscaria, L. Eur
Lycopersieum ES Mill.
S `
; ica.
Lycopus europaeus, L, Europe, &c.
priore ve L. N. orit
clet es, Duby. Ja
b.
tat rope, &c.
quadrifolia, £L. N. America,
vulgaris, L. Europe, &c.
- Lythrum Graefferi, Tenore. Tem-
rate reg ions.
pe
genie I. 5 temperate
regio
— var. r
Tapita; ub "Europe, &c.
Madia sativa, Molina. N. America,
&c.
Malcolmia africana, R. Br. South
e
chia, DC Om: &c.
maritimo, R. Br. Mediter-
ranean region
Malope trifida, Cav. Spain and N.
Africa.
Malva Alcea, Z. Europe.
"ec Euro
x
parviflora, L. Europe.
sy ivestris, L. Europe, &e.
Malvastrum limense, Ball. Chili.
Mandragora peo L. Medi-
terranean regio
Marrubium astracanicum, Jacq.
sia Minor.
19
Marrubium—cont.
pann onicum, Reichb. E.
Europe.
peregrinum, L. Europe, &c.
vulgare, L. Europe, &c.
Matricaria glabra, Ball. Marocco.
odora, L. Europe, &
Tohihatchewii, Hort. Kew
urkish Armenia.
Matthiola bicornis, DC. Asia
, &c.
incana, R. Br. Mediterranean
region.
sinuata, R. Br. Mediterranean
region.
tricuspidata, R. Br. Mediter-
ranean region
Meconopsis aiti, Vig. mn
Wallichi, Hook. Himalaya.
Modica: , sapient
la ae m Desr. Eu irope.
littoralis, Rhod e. Mediterra-
nean region.
lupulina, L. N. temperate
Willd.
minima, E. Europe, &c.
Murex, Willd. Euro
orbicularis, All. Europe.
t
scutellata, All. Mediterranean
region.
tuberculata, Willd. Mediter-
ranean regiou.
turbinata, Willd. Mediterra-
nean region.
Melica altissima, Z. S. Europe,
&e.
ie L. Eur
var. dieit, C (Boiss. &
Itz var. nebro-
urope.
rope, &
al.
glauca, F. Schu
Melilotus alba, Desr. Europe, &c.
indica, All. Europe, &c.
officinalis, Lam. Europe, &c.
€ vete $: —
egion,
inu : ivan L.
dicans (Mill), Boo
B2
Mercurialis annua, L. Europe, &c.
Mesembryanthemum pinnatifidum,
L.S. A
pomeridianum, L. S. Africa.
pyropeum, Haw. S. Africa.
Mimulus cardinalis, Dougl. N.
DEM Regel. Chili.
glabra TUR K. sin
Levis Punih N . W. Ame-
ry L. N. America.
Mirabilis. divaricata, Lowe, Ma-
Jalapa, E I pee
longiflora, £L. Mexi
Modiola multifida, Moench- N. W. .
America.
Molinia caerulea, Moench. Europe,
&e.
Monolepis trifida, Schrad. Siberia,
&c.
Morieandia arvensis, DC. Europe,
&c.
Morina persica, Z. Himalaya, &c.
Moscharia pinnatifida, Ruiz &
Pav. Chili.
Muehlenbergia glomerata, Trin.
N. America.
mexicana, Trin. N. America.
sylvatica, Torr. & Gray. N.
America
Willdendvii, Trin. N.
America.
Muscari Argaei, Hort. Greece?
armeniacum, Baker, Armenia.
seeds Boiss. & Reut.
grandifoliom, Baker. Origin
uncertain
Heldreichii, Boiss: Greec
moschatum, Willd. zm
Minor.
neglectum, Guss. Mediterra-
nean region.
racemosum, Mill. Europe, &c.
szovitsianum, Baker. Cau-
cacus, &c.
ge arvensis, Lam. Europe,
colfini, Hoffin. Europe.
dissitiflora, Baker. Switzer-
land.
palustris, Lam. Europe, &c.
Myosurus minimus, Z. Europe, &c.
Myrrhisodorata, Scop. Europe, &c.
Nardus stricta, L. Europe, &c.
Nemesia floribunda, Lehm. Cape of
Good Hope.
pubescens, iae Cape of
Goo
versicolor, E. Mey. Cape of
Good Ho ope.
Nemophila aurita, Lindi. Cali-
ia
insignis, Dougl. California.
— var. grandiflora, Hort.
maculata, Benth. California.
parviflora, Dougl. :
America.
R. Br. Abyssinia.
e
Heldr.
macrantha, Fisch. Siberia.
Mussini, Spreng. Caucasus.
Nepetella, Z. S. Europe
nuda, L. S. Europe, &c
venen Benth. W. Himalaya.
suavis, S'apf. N. W.
how.
Nicandra physaloides, Gaertn.
Peru.
Nicotiana acuminata, Hook. 5.
merica.
alata, Link & Otto. S. Brazil.
Langsdorffii, Schrank. Brazil.
T abzceum, Z. s. And
Nigella diio L. Mediter-
ranean region.
hispanica, L. Spain
sativa, .L. Mienie re-
gion.
Nolana prostraia, Z. Peru, Chili,
eT
Nothoscordum fragrans, Kunth.
ico, &c.
21
Ocimum Basilicum, Z. Asia,
canum, os Asia & Tropical
Afric
Odontospermum ep Sch.
iterranean re-
gion.
CEnanthe crocata, L. Europe.
C. C. Gmelin. S.
Europe, &e.
p Pollich.
Eur
pimnpinel cides, L. Europe, &c.
silaifolia, Bieb. Europe, &c.
— var. australis, Wolf. Car-
iol
ETE nep Lehm. Cali-
for
iere Spach. Chili.
inte . N. America.
var. grandiflora, Torr. §
ray.
bistorta, Nutt. N.W. America.
densiflora, Lindl. California,
dentata, Cav. N. UN &c.
fruticosa, L. N.A erica
tetraptera, Cav. Mexico.
triloba, Nutt. N. dantibus.
Omphalodes linifolia, Moench. S.
Europe.
Onobrychis sativa. Lam. Europe,
&c.
Ononis arvensis, L. Eur
Na vA Medmar
rotundifolia, L. rein
spinosa, L. Eur
pins nee Acanthium, Z. Europe.
m; Boiss. Asia
7 Mil
een Willd. S. Europe.
Orchis foliosa, Soland. Madeira.
incarnata, L. Europe, &c.
latifolia, Ee Europe, &c.
maculata, L. Europe and Asia
Minor.
Origanum vulgare, Z. Europe, &c.
Ornithogalum agisce Stev.
au
a ar deor. S. Europe.
illd.
fimbriat Asia
Min erm
Pemra Ë. Mediterranean
region.
nutans, L. Euro
ope, &e.
orthophyllum, Tenore. Italy.
tenuifolium, Guss. S. Europe,
&e.
Ornithopus perpusiilus, Z. Europe,
&c.
Orobanche ^ Hederae, Duby.
Eur
rope.
ramosa, L. Europe, &c.
Oxalis corniculata, L. Foca:
& tropical regio
Oxybaphus nyeaginens, Sweet.
Oxytropis ochroleuca, Bunge.
ria, &c.
pilosa, DC. Europe, &c.
Palaua dissecta, Benth. Peru, &c.
Pallenis spinosa, Cass. Mediter-
ion
Panicum bulbosum, Æ. Bó K.
ico.
capillare, Z. W. hemisphere.
es
. Europe, &c.
Mete Rot. Mediterranean
region
PARTAA Tropical regions.
sanguinale, Z. Cosmopolitan.
Papaver aculeatum, Thunb. S.
frica.
alpinum, Z. var, roseum.
Argemone, L. Europe, &c.
caucasicum, Bieb. Caucasus.
dubium, Z. Europe.
ER Boiss. & Hausskn.
jn
Tent lin Bieb. Greece,
Asia Minor.
22
Papaver—con
la amis C. Koch. Armenia.
nudicaule, Z. Arctic and
P
. bracteatum, (.Lindl.).
pavoninum, Mey. Afghanistan,
&e.
pilosum, Sibth. & Sm. Greece.
Rhoeas, L. Europe, &c.
rupifragum, Boiss. & Reut.
Spain, Marocco.
— var. atlanticum, Ball.
somniferum, Z. China, &c.
Bertol,
Paradisia Liliastrum,
Europe.
Parietaria officinalis, L. S. Europe,
&c.
Parnassia nubicola, Wall. Hima-
aya.
palustris, L, N. hemisphere.
Parochetus communis, Buch- Ham.
India, &e. -
TEA pony L. Mediter-
ranean regio
Pennisetum secus sidès,
ac dns and
Rich,
subtr opical
regio
Briones ~ Rich. A. Orient.
villosum, ' R. Br. Abyssinia.
Pentstemon iate; Roth. W.
Unite
ca, Wi lid. poorer
coeruleus, Nutt. W. Unite
States
confertus, NER Rocky
mounta
zy ess "Dougl. W. North
ica.
gliter, ad sh. W. United
glandulosus, Dougl. N.
Ha artwegil Benth. Mexico.
laevigatus, Soland. var. Digi-
talus, A. Gray. N. Amer.
ovatus, Dougl. N.W. Am T€
pubescens, Soland. N .Americ
Perezia multiflora, Less. Brazil.
Petunia nyctaginiflora, Juss. Ar-
5 gentina.
Peucedanum EE den Van-
d a
coriaceum, Reichb. ds X.
Eur
rope.
licum, Latour. Europe.
paucifolium, Ledeb. Caucasus.
sativum, Benth. § Hook. f.
owa, Kurz. India.
verticillare, Spreng. S.
urope.
Phacelia bipinnatifolia, Micha. N.
America
campanularia, 4. Gray. Cali-
ornia.
Ue ien A, Gray California
a, A. Gray. California.
fonseetclis Torr. California.
as
k ; r. California.
€ Benth. Califor-
inii Torr. N. America
Whitle vin, 4. Gray. California.
Phaecasium lampsanoides, Cass.
Europe.
Phaenospherma globosa, Munro.
China.
Phalaris paradoxa, LZ. Mediter-
ranean region.
tuberosa, Z. Mediterranean
region.
Phaseolus peon: Jacq.
ndia,
multiflorus, Wi illd. Mexico.
jus cal regions.
plete, s X $
merica,
riceiardianus, Tenore, Origin
ncertain.
tuberosus, Lour. Cochinchina.
vulgaris, L. Cultivated
Phleum asperum, Jacq, Se reni
Boehmeri, Wibel. Europe,
ipn L. Europe
nodosum, 13 ja
Phlomis MÀ Falc, Himalaya.
tuberosa, Z. S. Europe, Asia
inor,
umbrosa, aris. China, &c,
23
‘a Alkekengii, L. ARS
enopodiifolia, Lam. Peru.
a, L, Tropic
viscosa, T Tropical 200m
Physochlaina orientalis, G. Don.
Orient.
CN
. N.
virginiana,
Ej ciosa, A. Gra
America
Physostegia
Y
as ae Waldst. &
Halleri ri, All. Eur
limonifolium, Sibth. & Sm.
. Europe, Asia Minor.
orbic ulare, Z. Europe.
Scheuchzeri, Ad. Europe.
spicatum, L. Europe.
Phytolacca acinosa, Roxb. Hima-
aya, &c.
ieosandra, Z. India, &c.
ipn Lec dears Desf. Medi-
nean region
Picris echioides L. Europe, &e.
hieracioides, Z. Europe, &c.
pe Anisum, L. Greece, &c.
nagn: ;urope
p; latius, Pah: Magir
region, &c.
Plantago AD TUA ldst. & Kit.
Europe,
P
Candollei, Rain. Chili.
Coronopus, L. „Enrons, &c.
Cynops, L. Europe, &e.
Lagopus, L. Mediterranean
region
lanceolata, ab. Europe e, &c.
major, urope, &c.
mariti . Europe, &c
media, L |i
r Decne. Colombia
Q
ovata, Forsk. Mediterranean
ion.
petunt Jacq. N. & S.
hse
Platyendon p am A.DC.
Chi d Japa
PHityéterüon Mi ieu, Benth.
^ - California.
Pleurospermum pulchrum, ditch,
E & Hemsl, Afghanis
Plumbago micrantha, Ledeb.
Siberia. ;
Poa Sein E N. temperate
Chaixii, Till. Europe, &c.
chinensis, Z, China, &c.
compressa, L. N. temperate
regions,
pratensis, L. N. temperate
regions
trivialis, Z. N. temperate
region
s. ST
violacea, Bell. S. Europe.
Podolepis acuminata, A. Br.
Australia.
Podophyllum Emodi, Wall. Hima-
| laya. A
Polemonium caeruleum, L. N.
temperate regions
flavum, Crone N. America.
himalayanum, Baker. Hima-
laya.
mexicanum, Cerv. Mexico.
pauciflorum, S. Wats. Mexico.
reptans, L. N. America.
Polygonatum verticillatum, 44.
Europe, &c.
Polygonum alpinum, 4/1.S.Europe,
&e
aviculare, L. N. temperate
ta, L. N. regions.
capitatum, Bwuch- Hain. Hima-
y
cilinode, Micha. N. America,
compactum, Hook. f. Japan.
Convolvulus, L. N. temperate
regions.
orientale, L. Tropics of Old
World.
virginianum, L. N. America,
viviparum, L. N. arctic regions.
Weyrichii, F. Schmidt Sagh-
alien.
Mee p m monspeliensis rik
mperate & tropical
| €— Hook, Brazil,
24
Potentilla meer is Lapeyr.
L N.
yrene
ar et dm temperate
— var. rka (Tenore).
arguta, Pursh. N. a.
argyrophylla, Vall, Sia
chinensis, T9 Chin
collina, Wi
etommasii, T'eno
Europe.
digitata x flabellata. Europe.
glandulosa, Lindl. California,
&c.
gracilis, Dougl. California,
beptaphylla, Mill. Europe.
hippiana, Lehm. N.
CT
hirta, L. S. Europe, &c.
kotschyana, Fenzl.
ista
koiias Blows. Kurdistan.
montenegrina, Pantoc. Mon-
Kur-
o.
multifida, Z. Europe, &c.
nepalensis, Hook. Hi Himalaya.
nevadensis, Boiss. Spain.
opaca, L. Europe.
palustris, Scop. N. & Arctic
re
gio
imei, Ramond. Pyrenees.
&c.
recta, L. Europe,
— va iata
— var. palmata.
estris, L. Europe, &c.
schrenkiana, Regel. Central
‘semi-laciniata, Hort. Garden
origin
sericea, £z iL Ge &e.
Thurberij A. Gra N.
America:
Mesa Pane. Servia.
eliana, Fisch. & Mey.
ria.
Poterium Ji Hort. Kew.
Siberi
canadense, A ae N:
Am
orim A. Gray. Europe,
e.
~ Sanguisorba, L. N. temperate
regions
Pratia angulata, Hook. f. New
-—-. Zealand.
Prenanthes purpurea, L. Europe.
Primula capitata, Hcok. Himalaya.
cortusoides, L. Japan, Siberia,
denticulata, Sm. Himalaya.
, Royle. Himalaya.
verticillata, Forsk. Avabia.
Prunella grandiflora, Jacq. Europe.
— var. laciniata, Hort.
— var. rubra, Hort.
vulgaris, Z. Temperate re-
gions.
Psoralea "———— DC. Cali-
phrsodes, Hook. N. We
Am
Pulicaria Arsene Gaertn.
Eur
Ramotdia Se Aeros Rich.
Pyre
Ranunculus a acris, L. Europe, &c.
ar. Steveni.
arvensis, L. Europe, &c
Broteri, Freyn. S
ion, &c.
Pursh. N.
Flammula, L. N. temperate
regions.
lanuginosus, £: e Pa &c.
c.
trilobus, Desf. Mediterranean
region,
Raphanus maritimus, Sm. W.
Europe.
sativus, L. Europe.
— var. caudatus.
Rapistrum linnaeanum, Boiss. &
Reut. S. Europe.
Reseda glauca, L. Pyrenees.
lutea, L. Euro
Hr
4
Phyteuma, Z. Mediterranean
region.
virgata, Boiss, & Reut. Spain
and Portugal.
25
Rhagadiolus Hedypnois, Fisch. &
Mey. Caucasus, &c.
stellatus, Gaertn. S. Europe.
Rheum Emodi, Wall. Himalaya.
Franzenbachii, Muent. Tem-
perate Asia.
geo Mart. Origin
Prycehe ‘Baill. d uin
guod:
Rhaponticum, y eas
undulatum, Z. Siberia
webbianum, Royle. sears
Roemeria hybrida, DC. S. Europe.
Rudbeckia ee Vahl.
N. Am
digitata, Mill. N. —
hirt ta, t N. America
laciniata, L. N. A morion
maxima, Nutt. Tex
speciosa, Wender. N. cics.
Rumex al Jacq. Abys-
al pitis L. Europe, &c.
Acetosella, L. Europe, &c.
Brownii, Campd. Australia.
nepalensis, Spreng. Himalaya.
obtusifolius, Z. Europe, &c.
— var. sylvestris (Wallr.).
occidentalis, S. Wats. N. W.
A a.
Patientia, Z. S. Europe, &c.
pulcher, T Europe, &c.
eus, a Mediterranean re-
N.
salicifelius, Weinm.
sanguineus, L. N. temperate |
zone.
vesicarius, L. Greece, Orient,
&c.
Ruta graveolens, L. S. Europe.
Sagina ete Fenzl. Europe.
— pilifera, (Fenzl).
Supit PA
: sinuata, Ruiz & Pa
Salvia argentea, L. Mediterranean
utv. Caucasus.
eri, "Tra
ica, Boiss. Asia Minor.
aar i L. Europe.
Salvia—c
Columbarii, Benth. California.
glutinosa, T: urope, &c.
grandiflora, Etling. Asia
inor.
hians, Royle. Himalaya.
Horminum, Z. Mediterranean
i
region. x:
— var. bracteis roseis.
var. bracteis violaceis.
titii: Schousb. Marocco.
lanceolat m Brouss. N. W.
mer
lyrata, L N. America.
Dee Wall. Himalaya.
. E. Europe.
pratensis È Europe, &c.
— var. r. Baumgarteni, (Heuff.)
schiedeana, a, Stapf Mexico.
Se L. editerranean
region
sylvest ris, L. Eur
tiliaefolia, Vahl. Mexico
Verbenaca, L. Europe, &e.
== . disermas, (Sibth. &
veriti: = S. Europe.
virgata, Ait. E urope.
viscosa, Jacg. Europe.
Samolus Valerandi, Z. Temperate
ST
— var. americanus, A. Gray.
N. America.
Sanvitalia procumbens, Lam.
Mexico.
Saponaria calabrica, Guss. Italy,
orientalis, L. Orient.
Vaccaria, L. Europe, &c.
Saracha Jaltomata, Schlecht.
Mexico.
Satureja montana, L. Europe, &c.
Saussurea albescens, Hook. f. &
Thoms. Himala aya.
Saxifragra Aizoon, Z. Europe
— var. Churchillii, Xu.
— var. — (Bruegg).
— var. inerus me
— var
— var. pene (Schott).
var.
— var. rosularis, Schleich.
26
Saxifragra—cont.
bulbifera, Z. Europe
caespitosa, Z. i & arctic
ogan.
r. hir
dub: Willd, Caucasus, ;
cochlearis, Reichb. S. ione.
Se M Europe.
is,(La
yr.
erustata, Pest Alps of Europe.
e IV. Europe.
gcse pes. Spain, &c.
granulata, Z. Eu onem
Fond uc. Eur
var. altissima iy
Styria. .
y
— var. macnabiana, Hort.
xu mrs ta, Be rope.
var. lantose scana, Ban. P
po t.).
longifolia, Lapeyr. —
— Var.
var. pygmaea (
Te Torr. & Wy. Cali-
item L. Euro
rocheliana, Ster a. var. corio-
phylla, - (Griseb.). E.
Europe
rotundifolia, L. Europe.
— var. hirsuta.
umbrosa, L. W. Europe.
valdensis, DC. Piedmont, &e.
Scabiosa amoena,Jacq. Asia Minor,
&c.
arven e L. Europe, &e.
peto S. Europe,&c.
Vulf. S. Europe,
atr
MEM
&c.
Columbaria, Z. Europe, &e.
graminifolia, L. S. Europe, &e.
eee L. Mediterranean
integrifolia, L. Greece & Asia
T Caucasus, &e.
Pree
Vis. ; Mace-
ire E. =
eodem ica,
.... doni
* mie satia.
Mn Minor,
Scabiosa—cont.
palaestina, £L. Bore
— ni
reec
Portae, ater: Europe.
prolifera, Z. Syria.
Ssarocepbele, A Greece,
ccisa, L. Europe, &c.
sylvatica, ne Parone: &c.
ucranica, Z. S. Europe.
vestina, Fate. Europe.
Reut.
Sm "
Scandix — Balansae, Asia
Mino
Schizanthus pinnatus, Ruiz & Pav.
Chili
ili.
retusus, Hook. Chili & Peru.
Schizopetalum RIS Sims.
Chili.
Scilla festalis, Salisb. W. Europe.
hispa em Mill. Europe.
sibiri Andre
Mino r, &c.
verna, Huds. W: Europe.
Asia
TEWS.
Scirpus Eriophorum, Miche. N.
America.
Holoscheenus, L. Old World.
setaceus, L. Europe, &c.
triqueter, Z. Europe, &c.
Scleranthus annuus, L. Europe,
a L. Europe, &e.
Sclerocarpus uniserialis, Benth. &
Hook. f. Mexico.
Scolymus maculatus, Z. Europe.
Scopolia lurida, Dun. Himalaya.
Scorpiurus vermiculata, Z. Medi
` terranean region
Seorsónete bispaniet L.S. Europe.
laciniata, Z, Mediterranean
reed &
SerephuMe alata, Gilib. Europe.
L. Europe.
€ = k N. Py temperate
nodosa,
. region
rodoni bui, L. Europe, &c.
sylvatica, Boiss. 4 Heldr.
reece.
vernalis, £L, Europe.
27
Scutellaria albida, L. S. E. Europe.
alpina, Z. ME an en
altissima, Z. Caucasus, &c.
baicalensis, dE. "Siberia,
galericulata, L. N. temperate
regions.
Secale Cereale, Z. Orient.
Sedum Aizoon, Z. Siberia.
alb
bum, L "Europe, &e
coeruleum, Vahl. S. Europe.
Ewersii, Ledeb. Siberia, &oc.
Sut.
— var. CUm E E
middendorfianum
Amurland.
roseum, terit N. temperate
rupestre, i Eur
Telephium, Z. Tirepo; &e,
villosum, Z. Europe, &c.
wallichianum, Hook.
Thoms. Himalaya.
$
Selinum Gmelini, Bray. N.regions.
Sempervivum — Lecog &
Lamotte. Fra
mettenianum, Schnitsp. Swit-
zerland.
montanum, Z. Alps and
Pyrenees.
tectorum, L. Europe, &c.
— var rusticanum, Hort.
Senecio ^ adonidifolius,
Europe.
aegyptius, L. Egypt.
Cineraria, DC. Mediterranean
K ow Wall. Himalaya.
Doria, Z. Europe, &c.
Doronieum, Z. Europe.
elegans, L. S. Africa,
japonicus, Sch, Bip. Japan.
Kaempferi, DC. Japan
macrophyllus, Bieb. Caucasus.
nemorensis, L. S. Europe, &c.
E
thyrsoideus, DC. S. Afri
viscosus, L. Europe, &c.
Loisel.
Serratula coronata, Z. Siberia.
— var. macrophylla.
Gmelinii, Ledeb, Siberia.
quinquefolia, Bieb. Caucasus.
tinctoria, L. Europe.
Sesamum indicum, Z. Tropical
regions. ,
Seseli attra us Sm. Crimea.
s, Koch. Europe, &c.
IG p antz. Europe.
Sesleria cylindrica, DC. Europe.
Setaria laco Beauv. Tropical
ubtropical regions.
ated, Spreng. India,
&c.
verticillata, Beauv. Cosmopo-
litan.
viridis, Beauv. Cosmopolitan.
Sicyos bryoniaefolia, Moris. Chili.
Sidaleea candida, 4. Gray. New
Mexico.
Sideritis scordioides, L. S. Europe.
Silene alpestris, Jacq. Foo
Arm
colorata, Poir. Monitarcanean
region
conoidea, L. Europe.
cretica,
Cucubalus,
echinat a, Otth. S. Europe.
fim trist, Sims. Caucasus.
Fortunei, Vis. China.
ipie Link. Mediterranean
zu t. Euro
glauca, Pourr
italica, Pers. “Mediterranean
. Europe.
Wibel. Europe,
region
jonm, Delile, Asia Minor.
laeta W. Mediterra
i nean ri
linic C.Gmel. y.
e “Oia Ti k
— Ehrh. E. Europe,
Maseipule, dA Mediterranean
region.
28
Silene—coné.
noctiflora, L. Europe, &c.
nutans, L. Europe, &c.
obtusifolia, Willd. W. Medi-
ean region,
DIDE L. S. Euro
pendula, JZ. iraa
aen Miche. N.
Amerie
So tendis, $. Spain.
pseudo-atocion, Desf.. N:
Afric
aiiidh L. Europe.
tenuis, Willd. Siberia.
undulata, 4 it. S. Africa.
valles uid = Europe.
perenni , S. Wats. Cali-
er J.. Gay. Asia
Minor.
vespertina, Retz. Mediterra-
nean region
Silphium integrifolium, Michx. N.
merica.
perfoliatum, Z. N. Am
scaberrimum, EUN. dian.
Silybum eburneum, Coss. § Dur.
N. Africa, &c.
Marianum, Gaertn. Europe.
Sisymbrium assoanum, Lose. 4
Pard. Spain.
austriacum, Jacg. Europe.
erysimoides, Desf. Mediterra-
nean region, &c.
hispanicum, Jacq. Spain.
multifidum, Willd. Siberia.
officinale, Scop. S. Europe,
&c.
polyceratiam, L. Europe, &c.
Sophia, L. bee ae regions.
strictissimum, L. Europe.
tanacetifolium, L. Europe.
Sisyrinchium angustifolium, Mill.
N. America.
striatum, Sm. Argentina, &c.
Sium latifolium, Z. Europe, &c.
Smilacina racemosa, Desf. N.
merica
: ov stellata, Desf. N. America.
Smyrnium Olusatrum, L. Europe,
&e.
Solanum guineense, Lam. Trop.
Vu rica.
rostratum, Dun. Mexico.
“aloe: Willd. Europe.
pee ri Ait. N. America.
s, L. N. Am
Dru maurs Torr 4 [o
N. America.
mete Ait. Origin un-
cer
elongate; Nutt. N. America.
pono Michx. S. United
Sta
lihospernitol Willd. Habi -
tat unkno
Virgaurea, ys N. temperate
regions
Sonchus oleraceus, Z. Europe.
palustris, L. Europe, &c.
EX yrs J. F. Gmel.
mind faleata, am DC. Medi-
terranean region
— var. castellana, Lange.
A.DC.
pentagonia, Asia
Minor.
perfoliata, A. DC. N.
merica.
Speculum, A.DC. Europe,
Spergula arvensis, L. Europe.
iine Ar L. N. temperate
regio
digitata, Willd. Siberia.
Ulmaria, L. Europe, &c.
Stachys alpina, Z. Europe.
intermedia.
L. temperate
— var. inte
arvensis,
regions.
Betonica, Benth, Europe, Kc.
Lees urope, &e. -
grandiflora, Benth, Asia
spinulosa, Sibth. & Sm.
reece, &c. :
setifera, C. A. Mey. Asia
inor:
sylvatica, L. Europe, &c.
29
Statice bellidifolia, Gouan. Europe.
cord d L. Medi terranean
regio
Gmdlinli, Willd. Caucasus,
&c.
gougetiana, Girard. Spain.
Limonium, L. Europe, &c.
sinuata, Mediterranean
region
speciosa, T Caucasus, &c.
Suworowii, Regel.
rica, L. Caucasus, &c
tomentella, Boiss. S Russia.
Stevia Eupatoria, Willd. Mexico.
ovata, Lag. Mexico.
Stipa premers L. Mediterranean
ion.
Wahlenb.
reg
Calamagrostis,
urope.
pennata, L. Europe, &c.
sibirica, Lam. Siberia, &c.
Suaeda maritima, Dum. N. & S.
temperate regions.
Succowia balearica, Medic. Medi-
terranean region.
Swertia cordata, Wall. Himalaya.
perennis, N. temperate
Symphyandra Hofmanni, Pant.
sni
pendula, A.DC. Caucasus
Wanneri, Heuff.Transsylvania.
Symphytum officinale, Z. Europe.
Syrenia sessiliflora, Ledeb. S.
Russia, &c.
Tagetes meida; Cav. meis
patula, Z. Mexi
pusilla, H.B. & yd Ecuador.
Tamus communis, Z. Europe, &c.
Tanacetum vulgare, L. Europe, &c.
Taraxacum gymnanthum, DC.
Mediterranean region.
Tou du su" L. Mediter-
an region, &c.
Tellima pase R.Br. N.W.
Tetragonia crystallina, D’ Herit.
eru.
expansa, Murr, Australia.
|
|
|
. Thermopsis
urtis
—
Teucrium Arduini, Z. S. Europe.
ureum, Schreb. S. Europe.
Botrys, L. Europe, &e.
canadense, L. N. America.
Chamaedrys, L. Europe, &e.
— var. aurea.
multiflorum, Z. Spain.
Scorodonia, Z. Europe.
| Thalictrum angustifolium, Z.
Central |
urope, &c.
aquilegifolium, Z. Europe, &e.
— var. purpureum.
flavum, Z. Europe, &c.
— var. sphaerocarpum, (Lej.
<
squarrosum, Stephan. Siberia.
Thelesperma filifolium, A. Gray.
N.W. America.
caroliniana, M. A.
. N. America
lanceolata, R. Br. Siberia.
montana, Nutt. N. America.
Thadiantha dubia, Bunge. China.
Thlaspi alliaceum, Z. Europe.
arvense, Z. Europe, &c.
Murr. Asia
&e.
ceratocarpon,
inor, &c.
perfoliatum, Z. Europe,
praecox, Wulf. Austria.
Thymus comosus, Heuff. Trans-
sylvania.
Tinantia fugax, Scheidw. Tropi-
eal America.
Tofieldia calyculata, Wahlenb.
Eu &e
Tolmiea Menziesii, Torr. $ Gray.
N. W. America.
Tolpis barbata, Gaertn. Mediter-
ranean region.
-
30
Tordylium cordatum, Poir. Crete,
&c.
Trachelium caeruleum, L. W.
Mediterranean region.
Trachymene pilosa, Sm. Australia,
Tragopogon orientalis, £L. Europe,
pratensis, L. Europe, &c.
Tricholepis furcata, DC. Hima-
laya.
Tridax trilobata, Hemsl. Mexico.
Trifolium agrarium, L. Europe, &c.
armenium, illd. Asia Minor.
bifidum, Gray. var. decipiens.
California.
glomeratum, L. Europe.
hybridum, urope.
ganan L. sd e
Lagrangei, Boiss. Orient.
A ES Bi eb. Crimea, &c.
medium, L. Europe.
- J minus, AGO
pannonicum urope, &c.
Perreymondi, Gren. & Godr.
France.
prateuse, L. Europe.
repens, L. Europe.
resupinatum, L. Europe.
roscidum, Greene. California.
rubens,
spumosum, e: Mediterranean
n.
squarrosum, L, S. W. Europe.
tomentosum, LS Europe.
tridentatum, Lindl. N.W
America.
Triglochin maritimum, L. Europe.
pal pe.
ustre, L. Europe
Trigonella Balansae, Boiss. & Reut.
ia Minor, &c.
S. a
rope.
Euro
ovalis, Boiss. Spain.
polycerata, L. S. Europe.
radiata, Boiss. Orient.
Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb. N.
America.
Trinia Hoffmanni, Bieb. E. Europe,
e.
Kitaibelii, Bieb. E. Europe,
&e. ,
Tripteris cheiranthifolia, Schultz.
Abyssinia.
"Trisetum flavescens, Beauv.
urope, &c.
rigidum, Roem. & Schult. Asia
Minor, &c:
Triticum daras, Desf. S. Europe,
N. Afric
iain L. Europe.
ovatum, Rasp. Europe.
triunciale, Rasp. Europe.
villesum, Beauv. Europe.
violaceum, Mornem.
Europe.
N,
Tritonia Nu Hort.
arden orig
Pottsii, "Benth. S: Africa,
TM asiaticus, L. Siberia, &c.
E &e
uropaeus, ,
— var. napellifolius.
Tropaeolum aduncum, Sm. Peru,
majus, L. Peru.
minus, Z. eae
Troximon, Amer
gran ndiflor um, p dt Gray. N.W.
erica.
heterophyllum, Greene. N.W.
laciniatum, A. Gray. N.
America.
Tunica illyrica, Boiss. S.Europe,&c.
prolifera, Scop. Europe, &c.
Saxifraga, Scop.
Typha angustifolia, Z. Ree &c.
latifolis ia, L. Euro e,
stenophylla, F isch. F " Mey.
Europe.
Urospermum mee i Desf.
. Eur
picroides, "Desf. S. Europe.
Ursinia pulchra, N. E. Br. S.
Africa.
S.
Urtica om cu Poir.
pilulife era, `L. Europe.
— var. balearica, (Z.).
31
Urtica—conxt.
thunbergiana, Sieb. $ Zucc.
Japan.
Valeriana alliariaefolia, Vahl.
Europe.
oficiguie L. Europe.
— var.
— var. sambuciflin (Mikan),
Phu, Z. Cau
Valerianella
E
cifra: Loisel.
urope, &c.
coronata, DC. S. Europe.
vesicaria, Moench. S. Europe,
e.
Veratrum album, Z. Europe, &c.
nigrum, L. Europe, &c.
viride, Ait. N. America.
Verbascum No L. Europe.
Chai Vill. S.W. Europe.
malacotrichum Bo. & Heldr.
pe
nigrum, L. Eur opa &e.
phlomoides, L. Eur E
pyramidatum, Bieb. Crimea,
sinuatum, L. Europe, &c.
ae Schrad. E. Europe.
Thapsus, L. Europe.
virgatum, With. Europe.
Verbena Aubletia, L. N. America.
bonariensis, L. S. America.
caroliniana, Micha. S. United
tates.
officinalis, Z. Europe, &c.
Vernonia altissima, Nutt. United
States.
Veronica APTA L. iid &c.
r. pinnati
Bidwillit, Hook. N. Zealand.
Buxbaumii, Tenore. Europe,
exaltata, Maud. Siberia.
murem, LS. shen &c.
sa, Ait. Sibe
longifolia, L. Europë, &c.
— var. subsessilis, Mig.
Lyallii, Hook f. N. Zealand.
officinalis, Z. Europe, &c.
repens, DC. Corsica.
Veronica—cont.
saxatilis, ng Eur
nee thesis it, greet &c.
spica urope, &c
dent rium j d. Europe, &c.
—- var. latifolia, (L. 3
arame L. N. Am
ar. apai, ( Steud. d.
Vicia due Dorth. S$.
e, &c.
argentea, Lapeyr. Pyrenees.
ges purea i S-
rope.
PMryies, L. Mediterranean
ealearata, Desf. Mediterra-
nean region, &c.
, L. N. hemisphere.
mer
hirsuta, & È Gray. Europe,
narbonensis, L. Mediterra-
vilib, Roth. Europe, &c.
Vincetoxicum MÀ Reichb. f.
xr
nigrum ies "Europe, &c.
ote Mose. m
Viola elatior, Fries. Europe, &
Jooi, Janka.
iiaiai.
lactea, urope
odorata, L. Eur urope, &c.
palustris, L. N. temperate
regions.
striata, Ait. N. America.
syrtica, Siind. Europe.
aivoni Lam. Europe, &e.
tricolor, Z. Europe, &c.
Wahlenbergia capensis, .4.DC.
S. Afric
graminifolia, 4 A ex Italy, &c.
undulata, A ;
32
Wulfenia carinthiaca, Jacg. Car-
inthia.
Xanthium strumarium, L. Europe,
&c.
ee gymnospermoi-
d 9) HAE
Benth.
Arizona
Xeranthemum annuum,
Europe, &c.
cylindraceum, Sibth. & Sm.
Europe, &c.
d TN
|
Zaluzianskya capensis, Walp, S.
Africa.
Zea Mays, L. Cultivated.
Zinnia te med Jacq. ccr
mu a, L. Mex
meriti. Jacq. Mexico, &e.
C ie ia ree L. E. Eur
, L. S. Europe, aia
&e.
Zygadenus elegans, Pursh. N.
America.
TREES
AND
SHRUBS
Acanthopanax sessiliflorum, Seem.
China.
Acer argutum, Mazim. Japan.
m
campestre, Z. Euro
— var. collinum, Wallr
circinatum, Pursh. N.W.
merica,
Heldreichi, Orph. E. Europe.
hyreanum, Fisch. & Mey. Cau-
casus.
insigne,
& Buhse.
e
laetum, €. A. Mey. Caucasus,
macrophyllum, Pursh. Cali-
fap &e.
nspessulan um, Z. Europe
opulifolium, Vill. Eur rope.
— var. neapolitanum
pictum, Thunb. Mandshuria,
platanoides, L. rares
var. integrilobum
PoE Ei Europe,
— lutescens.
— var. purpureum, Hort.
E Wangenh. N.
A meri
oim, L E. Europe, &c.
Volxemi, Mast. Caucasus,
Ailantus glandulosa, Desf. China.
Akebia lobata, Decne. Japan.
Alnus cordifolia, Tenore. cei
firma, S. & Z. Ja
pom Gaertn. Eur ope.
i Willd. N. hemisphere.
japonica, Szeb.& Zucc. Japan.
Villd.
serrulata, Willd. N. America.
Seno Gi A. Mey. Cau-
viridis, DC. Northern hemi-
sphere
Amelanchier mr Nutt. N.
canadensis, Torr. $ Gray. N.
America
n 94414.
Amelanchier—coz£.
— var. oblongifolia, Torr. §
vulgaris, Moench, Europe, &c.
A pl frut yd Sonta niae
States
Aralia chinensis, P China.
s sa, L. N. America.
Arbutus Andrachne, Z. Levant.
Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi, Spreng.
— var. californica.
Asimina triloba, Dunal. S. United
States.
Aucuba japonica, Thunb. Japan.
Baccharis halimifolia, Z. N.
America.
Berberis angulosa, Wall. Hima-
laya.
aristata, DC. Himalaya.
— var. floribunda.
Aquifolium, Puri. W. N.
America
— var. Pen ed Nichols.
r. murrayan
buxifolia, Lam. Chili.
aa Poe Pursh. N.
Ameri
concinna, - dE a gere
Darwinii, Hook. C
repens, Lindl. N. je
Sieboldii, Mig. China, Teen
sinensis, ‘Desf ina, &c.
ku e Schrad. Origin
Tne, DC. ï apan.
virescens, Hook. f. Hima-
aya.
vulgaris, Z. Europe, &c.
— var. iberica, Hort.
— var. foliis purpureis.
ERr R DC. Himalaya.
Betula alba, Z. N. Hemisphere.
ubescens, Loud.
che. N. America
C
x Qin "n Jaume.
Betula—cont.
papyrifera, Marsh. N.
merica.
populifolia, Marsh. N.
America.
pumila, Z. N. America.
. ulmifolia, Sieb. $ Zucc. Japan.
Bruckenthalia spiculifolia, Reichb.
Europe, &c.
Bryanthus'empetriformis, A, Gray.
N. America.
Buddleia japonica, Hemsl. Japan.
Bumelia lanuginosa, Pers, N.
a.
Buxus sempervirens, L. Europe,
— var. latifolia.
— var. prostrata.
Calluna vulgaris, Salisb. Europe,
&c.
Calophaca wolgarica, Fisch. S
Russia. |.
3 c glaucus, Willd. N.
Americ
cece Hook. & Arn.
Californ
Caragana os escens, Lam.
iberi pe &c.
— var
pem
—v wskii.
frutesida, "DC. South Russia
o Japan. ~-
microphylla, Lam. Altai, &c.
pygmaea; DC. Siberia.
— var. aurantiaca.
Carmichaelia australis, Rk. Br. N.
ealand.
flagelliformis, Colenso. N.
Zealand.
nd eb veran L. Europe, &e.
sa.
Psi eie Walt N. America.
orientalis Mill. S. Europe.
' Carya porcina, Nutt. N. America.
Cassandra calyculata, D. Don. N.
Hemisphere
. Cassinia ee Hook. f. N.
Zea
W.
Ken tncky, Tennessee, &c.
Ceanothus americanus, L.E. United
States.
Arnoldi, Hort. Pet origin.
azureus, m m
andiflorus Horto "CERIS
pisc
spinosus, Nutt. California.
Celastrus- articulatus, Thunb.
apan. -
scandens, Z. N. America. `
Celtis Geiger N. America.
Tournefortii, Lam. Orient.
Cups occidentalis, Z. N..
America. ,
Cercis Siliquastrum, L. S. Europe,
&e
Cistus laurifolius, Z. S.W. Europe.
Cladrastis amurensis, Benth. Amur-
a
Clematis Mn, Mill. N. Europe,
&c.
Flammula, Z. S. Europe, &c.
fusca, Turc. China & Japan.
integrifolia, Z. Europe.
lanuginose, Lindl. China.
orr. & Gray. var.
lasiostylis. S. United States.
songorica, pur Siberia.
a, L. United States.
Clethra uo da M. United
Sta
Colutea me L. Eur., &c.
— var. nepalensis
cruenta, Ait. Orient.
Cocculus carolinus, DC. S. United
5 s.
melanocalyx, Boiss. Asia
Minor.
Coriaria japonica, A. Gray. Japan:
Cornus alba, L. N. Asia
alternifolia, L. f N. America.
momum, Mill. N. America
Baileyi, Coult. po Evans. N
America
cotisa Marsh. N.
beni "P Herit. N.America,
mem Benth. California.
Mas, L. Europe, &e.
35
Cornus—cont
b
t. West N.
sanguinea, L. Europe.
Corylus rostrata, Azt. N. America.
Cotoneaster acuminata, Lindl.
imalaya.
affinis, Lindl. Himalaya.
bacillaris, Wi all.
Himalaya.
integer Medic. Esse
laxiflora, Jacq. Sib
lue € Schlec ‘ht.
Origin un-
kno
NEAN Wall. Eee
multiflora, Bunge.
Nummolaria, cg p Mey.
Europe,
rotundifolia, Wall. icem:
Simonsii, Baker.
malaya
thymifolia, Baker. Min rx
— Carriérei,
den origin.
Vauvel. Gar-
coccinea, L. E. United States.
—var. macracantha, died
peo x Maxim. Mand-
uria.
Crus-Galli , L. N. America.
Douglasii, " Lindl. West, N.
An
merica.
— var. rivularis, Nutt.
ava, Ait, S.E. United States.
heterophylla, Fluegg. signet
hiemalis, Lange.
known.
mel
monogyna, Jacq.
— var. ee
pons as alds
Mi gap e Pall. €
— var. sanguin
oxyacanthoides,
"World.
Origi ne
Caucasus.
anocarpa, Bieb.
mollis, Mus United States.
Old World.
Loud.
noe. B.
Orient.
Thuil |. Old
— var. fructu luteo.
Crategus—cont
punctata, Jacq. E. and N.
America.
ice Pers. S. Europe,
aica, Boiss. Orient.
anaetoa, Pers. Orient.
srw a: L. E. United
tates
uniflora, “Muench. S. United
States.
Cryptomeria noms D. Don.
Japan, Chin
Cupressus Sai uss Endl.Mexico.
lawsoniana, Murr. California,
Insit&nica/ Mill. Locality un-
nootkatensis, Lamb. N.W.
America.
obtusa, C. Koch. Japan.
pisifera, C. Koch. Japan.
thyoides, Z. N. America.
Cytisus albus, Z. S.W. Europe.
bi
nigricans, rope.
praecox, Hort. Gurden origin.
Boiss, Europe.
pargans,
purpureus, Scop. E. Europe.
pa rope.
r. pendulus, Hort
sessilifolius, L. Europe
Daboécia polifolia, D. Don. W.
Europe.
Daphne Mezereum, L. Europe.
— var. flore albo.
Desmodium ciliare, DC. N.
America.
euspidatum, Hook: N.
America.
— Boott. N.
riea.
viridifloram, Bech. N.
America,
Deutzia crenata, S. § Z. Japan.
seabra, Thunb. Japan.
Diervilla horiensis, S. & Z. J
sessi ai ia, Buckl. i
nessee.
S splendens.
D
36
Dorycinum suffruticosum, Vill.
Macedonia.
Eccremocarpus scaber, Ruiz &
Pav. Chili.
Ehretia elliptica, DC. Japan, &c.
Elaeagnus argentea, Pursh. N.
ica.
longipes, A. Gray. Japan.
umbellata, Thunb. Japan.
' Erica —— L. the
cin a, L. Eur
Tetras, L. Euro
ns, rA M.
Watsoni, DC. Britain.
Escallonia punetata, DC. Chili.
rubra, Pers. Chili.
Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacq.
N ica.
europaeus, L. Europe.
hamiltonianus, Wall. Hima-
latifolius, Scop. Europe.
macropterus, Rupr. Amur E
an
oxyphyllus, Miq. Japan.
TENEN Alberti, Regel. Persia.
grandiflora, Lindl. China.
Fendlera rm: Gran S. W:
United Sta
Fontanesia neiii Labill.
Asia Minor.
Forsythia suspensa, Vahl. Japan,
&e.
Fraxinus bungeana, DC. China,
Japan
ner Marsh. N. errem
Orn urop
pen ni Tai: China.
Fremontia californica, Torr. Cali-
fornia.
eee proeumbens, ii E
rica.
Vrrilastelii Hook. f. Hima-
la
aya.
Shallon, Pursh. W. N.
America. i
Gaylussacia frondosa, Torr. §
Gray. N. America.
resinosa, Torr. §Gr ay. N.
America
Genista sothnensis, DC. Sicily. >
Europe.
virgata, DC. Madeira.
Gleditschia japonicə, Mig. Japan.
Halesia corymbosa, Nichols. Japan.
i che. Georgia
and Florida.
tetraptera, L. N. America.
Hedera Helix, Z. Europe, &c.
Hedysarum multijuga, Maxim.
Mongoli: l
Helianthemum vulgare, Gaertn.
Europe.
Hippophae rhamnoides, Z. Eur. &c.
Hovenia dulcis, Thunb. N. Asia.
he N.
Hydrangea arborescens,
paniculata, ‘Ss. & Z. Japan.
pubescens, Decne. Japan, &c.
radiata, alt. S.E. United
Sta
Hype eves gatas Barton.
N.
Pieve s L. Euro
a fea
densiflorum, j N.
merica.
Drummondii, Torr. & Gray.
N. America.
elatum, Art. N. America.
— Thunb. J M
hircinum, L. Eur
hookerianom, Wight & Arn.
malaya.
ditiis, L. N. America.
maculatum, Walt. N. America.
patulum, Zhunb. India, China,
&c.
37
llex Aquifolium, Z. Eur
— var. pla deir iet
glabra, Gray. N. America.
N
lucida, Torr. $ Gray.
America.
macropoda, Mig. am
opaca, Ait. N, America
oed! F. Schmidt. Sag-
halie
vertieillatá, A. Gray. N.
America.
e, L. Him
ms reir sis, L. N. Asia
sphaerica, Lindl. N. China.
Jasminum AU T HI L. Europe,&c.
alaya.
Kalmia angustifolia, Z. N.
Ame
glauca, Ait. N. PETAR
latifolia, Z. N. Ameri
Laburnum alpinum, J. S. Presl.
urope.
— var. biferum, Hort.
vulgare, J. S. Presl. Europe.
Larix europaea, DC. Europe.
letalis "Endl. Ja apan.
dula, Salisb. N. America.
Levan assurgentiflora, Kellogg.
California.
Ledum latifolium, Ait. N. America,
palustre, Z. Arctic Regions.
Base ae b wie Ell. E.
United Sta
Lespedega ae. Me Japan.
repens, Barton, N. Ainerica.
Stuvei, Nutt. N. America
violacea, Pers. N. America.
em OMEN D. Don. N.
Bou 4. Gray. Virginia,
&c.
racemosa, A. Gray. N.
America.
Leycesteria formosa, Wall. Himal.
Ligustrum lbota, Sieb. Japan.
japonicum, Thunb. Japan,
e ait oe L. United
Sta
Lonicera cae: L. Europe,
Himala
angustifolia, Wall. Himalaya.
Caprifolium, Z. Europe, mar,
EE Turcz. Amur
Griffthii, Hook. f- & Thoms.
p casus.
japonica, Thunb. China and
apan.
Korolkowi, Pann a
Morrowii, A. Gray.
nigra, Z. Europe.
orientalis, Lam, Asia Minor.
Periclymenum, L. Euro
ort.
Ongar
Sullivantii, x Gray. N.E.
United Sta
T = Siberia
— var.
than, i w
Lupinus arboreus, L.¢įCalifornia.
Lyoria paniculata, Nutt.
America.
Magnolia NM Hort.
Garden origin.
tripetala, gs United States.
Menispermum eee L. N.
Ameri
Menziesia globularis, Salisb. Alleg-
Tos
albescens, C. B.
Himalaya.
Morus nigra, £L. Temperate Asia.
Myrica californica, Cham. &
Schlecht. California.
cerifera, L. United States.
Gale, L. N. Hemisphere.
Fa
Clarke.
Neillia pene Benth. & Hook.
an
opalifolis, Benth. & Hook. N.
rica.
| thyrsiflora, Don. Himalaya.
LJ
Olearia Haastii, “Hook. f. `N.
Zealand,
Unonis fruticosa, L. Europe.
rotundifolia, Z. Europe,
Ostrya carpinifolia, Scop. S.
Europe.
Paulownia imperialis, Sieb. &
Zucc. Japan.
Pernettya mucronata, Gaudich.
ih, &c. . .
Petteria ramentacea, Presl. E.
urope.
TEREA japonicum, Maxim.
Jap
Philadelphas accuminatus, Lange.
tomentosus, Hook.
euis. ms. Himalaya,
Lidl. W,
gor dos edi
United States.
grandiflorus, Willd. S. United
States
hirsutus, Nutt. Oregon.
Keteleeri, Hort. Garden
in.
o Pursh. W. N:
America.
Satsumi, Siebold. Japan.
Photinia variabilis, Hemsl. China
and Japan.
Picea — F. Schmidt. Sag-
halier
Picris japonica, D. Don. ees
r Bent à. $ Hook E
ted Stat
ovalifolia, D. Dan ‘Himalaya.
Pinus Cembra, Z Europe.
derosa, Dougl. N.W.
America.
tuberculata, Gord. Oregon.
Platanus occidentalis, Z. N.
America.
Populus — Marsh. N.
piece
Potentilla from L. North
emispher
Piper iat "Steph. Siberia.
Prunus acida, Borkh. var. semper-
florens.
Prunus—cont.
a
America.
reo Se Stokes. Orient.
Armeniaca, L. N. China, &c.
Avium, L. Europe, &c.
Brigantiaca, iiia.
Marsh. N.
S.E.
Mae. Mexico, &c.
cerasifora, Ehrh. Caucasus.
communis, Huds. Europe,
Asia.
grayana, Maxim. sapen:
humilis, ’ Bunge. Chi
Léurecorasué, Ts r r, colchica.
lusitanica, L. f. Portugal.
a
E,
Maximowiczi, Rupr. Japan.
Mume, S. § Z. Ja
Persica, Stokes. var, foliis
prostrata, Labill. Orient.
Puddum, Roxb. Himalaya.
pumila, Z. N. America.
serotina, Ehrh. N. America.
tomentosa, Thunb. China,
Japan.
virginiana, L. N. erica.
Ptelea angustifolia, Benth. Cali-
ornia, &c.
— L. — States.
r. glau
Pisses americana, 1 “DC. N. America.
Aria, L.
arbutifolia, Ls LN.) America.
Aucuparia, Gaertn. Europe,
e,
auricularis, — Europe.
baccata,
betulaefolia, E Japan,
&c.
communis, l. Europe, Asia.
coronaria, Z. E. United
States.
Cydonia, L. S. Europe, &c.
hs come Nichols. Origin
foranas la, Ni chols. Japan
— var. Sche ideckeri, Hort.
germanica, Hook. f. Europe,
sia.
intermedia, Ehrh. Europe.
japonica, Thunb. hiak,
Japan
39
Pyru
s—cont.
lanata, D. Don. Himalaya.
lobata, Nichols. Caucasus
nigra, Sargent. N. America.
nivalis, Jacg. Levant, &e.
pinnatifida, Lhrh. Europe.
prunifolia, otha Siberia, &c.
Ringo, Maxim. Japan.
iki go f. India.
orbus, Gaertn. Europe.
spectabilis, Ait. China, Japan.
spuria, DC. Hybrid oe
iink Sieb. Japan
Rhamnus REOR z iiil
pee m prs D.
alaya.
— VAT,
angustifo
carolinianus,
States
catharticus, L. Europe, &c.
tinctorius,
Europe,
brachycarpum, G, Don. = sa
ver PURA 1 D, Don
malaya.
caucasicum, Pall. Caucasus.
collettianum, Aitch. & Hemsl.
ybrid.
Ungerni, Trautv. Caucasus
viscosum, Torr. N. Ameri
Rhodotypus kerrioides, Sieb. &
Zucc. Japan. :
Rhus ag, L. y vice
glabra, L. N. Am
integrifolia, Benth. "5 5 Hook. J^
Californ
ovata, S. Wats. California.
succedanea, Z. China and
apan.
Toxicodendron, L. N. Amer-
ica, Japan.
trichocarpa, Mig. Japan.
typhina, ‘L. N. America.
S. U.
r
Waldst. z^ Kit.
Ribes poser L. Europe
milum, Post:
iddi Pursh. N.W. Amer.
— var. aurantiacum minus,
Hort
— var. praecox, Lindl.
— var. “Dea V Torr.
OW. United
tates.
divaricatum, Dougl. W. N.
eri
RET L. N. Hemi-
sphere
laxiiorum, Pursh. W. United
Sta
robésind, Hort.
Pursh. N.W.
a.
— var. atrosanguineum, Mort,
— var. epruinosum, K.
Robinia Pseudacacia, L. E. United
States.
Rosa acicularis, Lindl. Siberia, &c.
— Yi yrenaica, 2
arkansana, Porter. United
States.
beggeriana, Schrenk. Asia.
— var. Schrenki.
blanda, Ait. N. America.
amascena, Mill. E. T
Fendleri, Crépin. New
X .
ferruginea, Vill. Europe.
dee LS. 3d
hiberniea, Sm. Britai
Jubii; Ehrh. N. pam
— var. iflora.
hispida, Sims. Garden origin.
humilis, Marsh, N. America.
pm Sm. var. Wilsoni,
er.
Jund àzilli Besser. Europe.
Luciae, ied. & Rochebr.
J
apan.
lutea, Mill. Orien:
maerophylla, Lindi. India.
— Malyi, Kerner. Euro
— Sm. Europe.
Rosa—
malerophytli are China.
e,
a, A. Gray. West. CN.
pomika, Herrm. Europe.
. Japan.
ea, Lindl. Himalaya.
spinose L. Europe.
— var, altaica.
— var. fulgens, Hort.
nisin Desv. Britain.
sa, Sm. Europe.
obtain: "Wall. Himalaya.
wichuraiana, Crépin. Japan.
Rubus affinis, Weihe & Nees.
Euro
balfourianus, Blox. Europe.
Bellardii, Weihe. Europe.
cratægifolius, Bunge. N.
deliciosus, ames. Rocky
Mountaius.
dumetorum, WF. & N. Eur
echinatus, Lindl. Britain.
exsecatus, Muell. Europe.
Europe.
Koehleri, W. 4 N. Europe.
laciniatus, Wi
lasiostylus, Focke. China.
Wes tu Dougl. North
leucostachys, Sm. Europe.
lindleyanus, Lees. Britain.
longithyrsiger, Lees. Britain.
macrophyllus, W. 4 N.
Europe.
melanolasius,Focke. N. Amer.
neglectus, Peck. North
America. —
| niveus, Wall, Himalaya.
Rubus—cont.
reat Blow. Britain.
nutkan Mog W.N
Am
seia, in -Nei i,
\merica.
parvifolius, Z. China and
phoenicolasius, Maxim.
China, Japan.
pubescens, Auct. Angl.
d Weihe. Europe.
us, Blow. Britain.
rininntfolids, W.ó N. Europe.
scaber, Weihe & Nees. Eu-
rope,
spectabilis, Pursh. North
merica.
Sprengelii, Weihe § Nees.
Europe.
suberectus, Anders. Europe.
villicaulis, JP. 4 N. Europe
villosus, . America.
it.
xanthocarpus, Franch. China.
Ruta graveolens, L. Europe.
Sambucus m Nutt. West N.
Am
nigra, p pem &e.
r. swindonensis, i ort.
— var. virescens, Hor
racemosa, L. North. That
sphere.
— var. serratifolia.
Santolina viddis, Willd. Europe.
Schizandra chinensis, Baill.
China, &c.
Skimmia miris icm Mast. (S. ja-
ponica, Hort.) China.
i D
Smilax oluadiloba,
Ameri
Sophora alopecuroides, Z. Asia
Minor, &c. :
Spartium junceum, Z. S. Europe.
Spiraea assimilis Zabel. Garden
origin. ; ;
betulifolia, Pali. N. America.
Miei Zabel. Japan.
D. Don. Himalaya.
A.N. OW,
ica.
Douglasii, Hooke N., W
America. ets
lindleyana, Wall. Himalaya.
Margaritae, Zabel. Garden
origin.
nobleana, Hook. California.
notha, Zabel. Garden origin.
in erum L. E. Europe to
apat
sorbitolia, L. N. Asi
tomentosa, L. United States.
Staphylea Bumalda, S. 4
Japan.
colchica, Stev. B Sil
pinnata, Z. Eur
Symphoricarpus Heyer appel.
W. United Sta
mollis, Nutt. var. ciliatus,
Nutt.
Mercredi Moench. N.
Amer
racemosus, Michx. N.
sotumáitofios, A. Gray. W.
United States.
— Emodi, Wall. Himalaya.
aponica, Deene. Japan.
pekinensis, Rupr. China.
persica, Z. Afghanistan.
eae chinensis, arta China.
gallica, Z. Eur
ER. Pall. b Europe.
Taxus baccata, "x Europe, &c.
cuspidata, S. § Z. Japan.
Tecoma > Juss. N.
W. N.
Thuja giganten Nutt.
Ameri
— var. niall Donn.
japonica, Maxim. Japan.
occidentalis, a ie America.
orientalis, E ^ China and
Japan.
Tilia —€— Desf. Europe.
ata, Mill. ope Asia.
velie DC. Europe.
platyphyllus, Boi Europe.
Tsuga Sieboldi, Carr. Japan.
|
Ulex europaeus, L. Europe.
Ulmus campestris, L. Europe, &e,
Umbellularia californica, Nutt.
California.
Vaccinium Arctostaphylos, L.
Cau &e.
corymbosum, L. N. America.
— var. amenum, A. Gray.
erythrocarpum, Micha. 8. E.
United States.
hirsutum, Buckl. N. Caro-
lin
ovatum, Pursh W. N.
America.
padifolium, Sm. Madeira.
pensylvanicum, Lam N.
America
stamineum, L. E. United
States.
Viburnum acerifolium, Z. N.
United States.
— L N. pesg
denta alee N. America.
r. montanum.
hanceanum, Maii China.
Lantana, Z. Europe.
eei gei N. America,
Opulus, L. Europe, &c.
featidfoliam, L. N. America,
Vitis Coignetia, Pull. & Planch.
apan
Ttov Thunb. Japan.
ana anata . Himalaya, s
cisperma, M. Law
erc
Widdringtonia ME amg Rendle.
Central Afric
Yucca macrocarpa, Engelm. Ari-
Zona.
Whipplei, Torr. California.
Planch.
Zanthoxylum Bungei,
China.
Zelkowa oe Planch.
Japan
Zenobia speciosa, s Don. S. E.
United Sta
— var. pulsed:
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION,
APPENDIX II.—1897.
NEW GARDEN PLANTS OF THE YEAR 1896.
The number of garden plants annually described in botanical and
horticultural publications, both English and foreign, is now so consider-
able that it has been thought desirable to publish a complete list of them
in the Kew Bulletin each year. The following list comprises all the
new introductions m during 1896. These lists are indispensable
to the maintenance of a correct nomenclature, MD in the smaller
botanical aiibi in correspondence wit w, which are, as a
rule, only scantily provided with beetkéult deny AM Such a list
will also afford information respecting new plants under cultivation at
this establishment, many of which will be dist € from it in the
regular course of exchange with other botanic gar ideti
The present list includes not only plants CORRER into cbe tie
the first time during 1896, but the most noteworthy of tho ich
n re-introduced after being lost from cultivation. Other lait
included in the list may have been in gardens for several years, but ‘either
were not described or their names had not been authenticated until
recent
In addition to species and botanical varieties, all hybrids, whether
introduced or of garden origin, with botanical names, and described for
the first time in 1896, are included. It has not been thought Nd
however, to give authorities after the names of gar hybri rids in such
p as Cypripedium, &c. Mere garden varieties of such rdi as
Coleus, Codicum or Narcissus are omitted for obvious reasons.
ine itty pum the es is eited under its published name, although
some of the names are doubtfully correct. Where, however, a correction
has appeared Jee, this i is made.
The name of the person in eee collection the plant was first noticed
or described is given where kno
An asterisk is prefixed to ad ites plants of which examples are in
cultivation at Kew.
e publications ne which this list is compiled, with the abbre-
. viation used to indicate them, are as follows:—B. B.—Bulletin de
L'Herbier Boissier. B. H. N.—Bulletin du Museum d'histoire naturelle,
Paris. B. M.—Botanical Magazine. Bruant Cat.—Bruant e
U 96558. 1375.—4/97. Wt. 123.
a
of New Plants, 1896. B. T. O.—Bulletino della R. Società Toscana di
Orticultura.
Gard.— The
Q
E
M
R
Ag
[e]
B
TE
Ra
E
o
et
nationale Thoe nia de France.
K.
Bull Cat.—Bull, Catalogue of New, Beautiful,
Garden C.-
*
.
and Rare
Chronitle. G.
—Ga rdeners’
G. M.—Gardeners’
Jara: SPOT. J
E
Qu
LI
B
RA
me —Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew. L.
indenia.
Lem. Cat.—Lemoine, ed Kaa
THortieulture — Catalog D.
Lind. Cat.—
—Mitteilungen der
Gärtner- Ze
Notizb
N. G.
R. ane Re UH. B.-
Sand. Cat.—Sanders’ Catalogue of New Plants, 1895. Spae
sery Catalogue.
p
Catalogue of Plants. W. G.—W
Foot o
inc Indus.
; Scoe
Abies grandis pendula. a D, G.
AE 28.) Conifer H: eeping
nated du NEAN ref L:
Späth, Berlin.
A
gi are 392.) Urti S. An
species attaining a height’ of 10 to 15 ft.
with large te green serrated leaves.
se ran ‘drooping tailiike pom of
bright rose red flow New Guinea.
(F. didnt: & Co.)
Acanthophippium tae $ Ser
G. C. 1896, xx., 26€.) Orchi a8
Sanderi, N. ve a (G. se
flow
long, white: ` Malaya? (P. Wo Iter,
rg.
Magdebu
M urs anum.
€: hippium
Lind. upp $ . O. 1896, 138;
T ue t. 536.)
e
Š
E,
m
shade with. Mq spotted and blotched
TN P od sepals but
whiter ip waxy white,
diccns part see yello
with ridges spotted. lined with
purple. Phillipines “CL ortie itam
Internationale, Brussels.)
Acer campestre, var. postelense, R.
Zauche. Tis D.G.18 6, o d Sapin
æ. H. A yellow -leaved f of
mingle:
the common
oe -- Moller’s Deutsche
ung. M. K.—Monatsschrift S Kakteenkunde
att ie "nig botanischen Gar
eubert's Garten-Magazin . Es
ue de Horticulture Belge.
eth Cat.—
—Veitch & Sons,
Veitch Cat.
iener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung.
The hae Aone in the descriptions of the Pane are:
r Feet. —H. Hardy.
ap
H. H.—Half-hardy.
Acer Duretti aureo-marginatunn
CM. D. G. 1896, 79.) H. Af m with
leaves margined and dotted with iion.
Acer Sea Nou Ue (M: D. G. 1896
79. . Thetw ero varieties
of this species are — t€ by Count
Schwerin; the na e descriptive
enough can natio; soma
Acer Ne guds varieties. (M. G.
pia. 78.) The fo ollowing iim
this SP cies are described and
ee red —densiflorum, falcatum,
Canisii Pariin: rectangulatum.
Acer N He ow m—
aM. D
1896, 2.) H. Said to ha
G.
ve beem in-
n Europe is killed
by cold. (H. Sebrodtek Moseow.)
Acer OR odessanum. (M. D.
e 1896, 2.) H. <A form with leaves
a deeper golden colour and retaining
mt oto? longer than the ordinary
golden Acer Negundo. (T. Rothe,
Odessa.)
Acer aoe re var. multicolor.
(Gf. I ~~) A form of the
Nor y Ma aple es large p leaves
BF. Showing yellowish white specks
and blotches
Adiantum bessonian (G. C.
1896, 12, 75; G. and p 1896, 314.)
Filic A . lenerum
wit orm
crowded
pinne. West Indies, CG. rito )
ES amurensis, Regel & Radde.
(G. C. 1896, xix., 240.) Ranunculacez.
H A pretty plant with aaah divid
leaves and yellow flowers about 2 in. in
diameter. North China. (Kew.)
Aerides Bieldingi album. (L.1
538.) Orchidem. S. A form differing
tioni a type in having entirely sm
flower (M. Fl. Pauwels, Deurn
Be elgium n.)
W ik laxifolia, E E~ M.
.) Amarylli species of
the mede Rigide Mina Fite The
flow out a smell exactly like
that of mice. Mexico. (Kew.)
* Akebia rest "eri (B. M. t.
sn differs
7485.) Berber H.
from A. quinat iw havin ng more woody
branches, and trifoliate ios vid
broad lobulate very pale green
bra s, the flowers d
of
Japan, North China.
(Kew.
Alocasia Sonuléris ana gandavensis.
CUES H. 896, 267, t. 65. Aroidee.
constant on
vnm — to green on the upper
su umm (Louis De Smet-Duvivier,
Ghe
A abyssinica, Lam. (W.G
02.) Lilia G. The Tatiane
varieties are daéetibel by C. Sprenger :
a, glauca, robusta, ov iege pyg-
m dva: (Dammann & Co.,
Naples
ed K. 1896, 24.)
etween Gasteria
longiaristata.
-)
-— cathe Sadi
A ar be
ni nigricans oe
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt
po (M. K. 1896, 24.)
A Lire hybrid between Gasteria
verrucosa Aloe longiaristata.
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.)
x Chludowii. (M. K. 1896, Sef
G. A garden hybrid, whose press
given as probably Gasteria scab
and G. verrucosa, (Haage & Schmidt,
-)
Aloe cyanea. (M. K. de 24.) -
A garden hybrid between A. glauca an
A. incana. (Haage & Schmit, Erfurt. `
Al M. K. 1896, =
(Haage & Schmidt,
45
Aloe Holtzei. (M. K. G.
A garden hybrid sire e probable CON
are given as di d
Haworthia Radula. Ginige & Schmidt,
Erfurt.)
Aloe Hoyeri (M. K. 1896, 24.) G.
A garden hybrid between "Aloe ser-
rata and Lomatophyllum borbonicum.
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.)
Ales hybrida gloriosa. (M.K.1
G. A garden hybrid tivi dol
maophyiun borbonicum and Gasteria
aculata. (Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.)
M.K. 1896, 27.) G.
a
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.)
Aloe Lauchei. (M. K. 1896, 27.) G.
A garden oie ctr Gasteria
pulchra and G. s (Haage &
Schmidt, Erfurt "d
— eb m (M. K. 1896, "i
A garden hybrid of which
tongia istata is one of the esa
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.)
Aloe Quehlii. (M. K. 1896, 97.)
Sehmidt, Erfurt.)
Amaranthus Dussii, Sprenger.
CB. T. O. 1696, 178.) Amarantacee
some ann
a
variety of A. Peni West Indies.
(Dammann " Co., Naples.)
Amaranthis superbus. (///. H. 1896,
141, f. 15.) H. H. Probably a variety
of 2 ; melancholicus Me elliptie leaves
blood-red abov rimson beneath.
(Dammann & Co; "Na mre
Anchusa affinis, R. Br. (B. E =
1896, 220, f. 12.) Boragineæ
handso annual or ien in
-> wi ote metot like flowers. Abys-
n & Co., Naples.)
Angraecum Fournierz, Ed. André.
Orchidee. (R. H. 1896, 956, f.;
O. R. 1896, 196.) A s 2: of A.
stylosum, Rolfe. CK. B. 1895, 194.)
Anthurium pumilum. (G. C. 1896,
xix., 2212.0 Aroidez. M. eua t den
seedling o or hybrid ; parentage not stated.
(Sir Trevor Lawrence.)
yellow paix: M Ling & Sons a)
A 2
M chinensis foliis aureo
ariegatis: geet G. Z. 1896, 323.)
Araliacem: form with golde
ariegated ea
Co., Be rgedorf, Germa
ay Smith &
"GI D. G6, T men. A. Gui
aces.
prostrate pclae iot with ofie
leathery li and short racemes of
reddish flowers. Sierra Nev F
Artemis ia frigida Willd. ne AG
1896, ns Composite. mall
x ash, a i s from Ne erea
base, with rsa ^s cut silvery-gray i anzi
North Asia. W: (L.
Späth, Ta
idium cristatum x marginale.
Ang and F. 1896, 444, f. 58) Filices.
i. A supposed natural h ybrjd beton
the two species indicated in the na:
Massachusetts. (G. E. Dav ort;
Medford, Mans, U.S.A.)
Aspidium simulatum, Davenport.
. and FE 1896, 484, £ 60.9); H
w species allied to A. Thelypteris,
which it resembles in general charaeters
lower pinne, d less
eonvolute margins. Mi
Davenport, Medford, Mass., TSA)
— I—— (G. € a
0.) esc IL." Rue ery
fo oen aad a bright olive-green
(H. B.
colour.” Origin not stated,
May.)
Aster Vilmorini, Be M Cae H. x
mpositæ
1896, 1188.) Com
species remarkable for its large. y.
h ra: ofa le
heads wi
colour, either solitary or in oe ^at e
top of a long naked stalk. Wes
China (M. Maurice de Vilmorin,
France.)
Astragalus gilgianus ed dra CN.
B. 1896, 185.) Leguminose. A
erennial with silve very Deia and deep
ego owers, Nearly related to
A. cret oxytropifolius and A.
dian Minor. (Berlin
with winged — along the stems.
Flower-heads ll, inconspicuous.
Artatiss, (Ra. André, France.)
onia acerifolia. p oria E 1896,
51.) oniacez. n hybrid
. Burkei iid ginet (J.
Veitch & Sons.) [There is a species
called acerifolia, H. B. K., native of
Ecuador. ]
*Begonia carminata. (Veitch. Cat.
1896, 2.) G. A Pine hybrid pei
B. coccinea and B Dregei. (J. Veite
& Sons.)
*Be Vom odoratissima, Monee
Cat. 1896, 49.) A of
fabieróus rooted Begonias with fein nt
flowers. (V. Lemoine & Son, Nancy.)
Begonia Rex x decora.
we us fa 183.) 8.
aised from
above mentioned is described.
Cappe, France.)
ig umbraculifers, Hook f.
7457.) A remarkable
sil both in habit ia m in h her-
m 1
wey "inr ones. Brazil. (F. Sander
& Co.)
Berberis „pruinosa, hee mite e ong
F. 67.) Berberi
aci *the new satin ‘iat mikes
on d the leav is and the abundant
es being ure white, Mm the
flowers sulphur yellow. [X UB
Bertonerila. (Lind. jer 1896, 7, £2
Melastomacez, everal varieties of
are her cribed and figured. i
gintare paa Brussel
pit ed e Binoti, R. Gérard. (J. H. F.
1896, 724.) Bromeliacee. S. A 2
near B. speciosa, Thunb. Leaves
deep green above, lower pabio
i le, under surface
t green lined with white. ERE
escence pendulous, stem, bracts, &c. red
Orga iari aira Brazil. (Lyons B. G.)
Rocconia microcarpa, Maxim. (Cand,
1896, L Papaveraceæ
baisar eie attainin ing the hight
of 9 ft. The inflorescence forms
plume-like panicle, not — the "Vue
tian Sumach. N. China. (Kew.)
Brodiza ixioides erecta.
ih xlix., 454.) Liliacee.
large trusses of bright Seto
pianin (Wallace & Son.)
Brodiæa Orcuttii, (G. C.
1896, xx., 214, Ü e» b A bulb
b umbels of 5-15 bright lilae
flowers on a scape 1l ft. long. San
Diego Country. (Wallace & Son.)
*Bryanthus Breweri, A. Gray. (M.
D. G. 1896, 19.) pani H. A
cte
charming dwarf evergreen shrub with
crowded narrow leaves, and short ra-
cemes of purple-red flowers. California.
nos ricca attenuatum, Rolfe.
: 45.) Orchidez.
coloured
(L^ Horticulture Vitara, Brus-
un oat Hand lon iscapum, Rolfe.
1896, 45.) new species
with ovoid de s an inch lon
g le 4i
r a foot long
across coloured light gr
purplelip. Fij. (Kew
pr. wo d Wendl.
C. de — men oe
“ha lf wers are
yellowish green w ith brown stripes, e
Pariugs Island. (Herre
Bulbophyllum | tromulum, Auk oe
G. C. 1896, xix., 593.) eudo-
bulbs subglobose, leaf o lanceolate
me 6 in. lon ng bearing a
1
red-purple lines and lip,
fringed with long hairs. Nilghiri Hills.
(C. J. Lucas.)
Boa bicolor, C. H. Top
w 1896, 22, 223.) Legumi
species, for Ming wines. 90 ft.
(mi b ranches thorny, the leaves
wers gg ne and
it à n. long.
Yield a very fine cond eae pen A
e purposes. South America.
bata. (G. C. 1896, xx,
m. S. n hy-
C. veratrifolia a and C.
Cooksoni. (E. Sander &
Calanthe Cooksonii and. Cat.
Ac 8.) 85. A d brid with
te flowers; parentage not stated.
(F. Sandler & Co.)
femme bem nitidus, Dougl (Gard.
E fore om cee. H. A dis-
gmr uve in colour
white Gish ‘ond a — of v4 —
rded at the
ent ;
California. (Wallace & son)
“ae balchinens Sl
e € 217.) M H.
en hybrid between C. ME
4T
and C. isophylla alba. (Balchin &
Sons.)
*Campa
ula regina, Alboff.
XD E gin
(G. C.
648.) [This i is C. mirabilis,
China. (Pats s B.
Catasetum semir miro G. Beck.
(W. G. 1896, 424, t. 4.) ides.
S. Petals and sepals whitish or bright
Tm
Ft
arieties of the tado,
hybri rid C. diens Cogn.
tasetum splendens, Cogn. (L.
. 502-3.) S. A number of
E
33
®©
~
9
rubrum. aiat
roseum, albo o-purp ureum, acutipetalum,
'Hor&enlture Tirteenitionau, Brus-
ls.)
Catasetum Lg WU aureo-macu-
latum. H. 1896, 91, t. 54.) $8.
A ae with yellow flowers spotted
with rich red-brown. (L'Hortieulture
Xen a Brussels.)
Cattleya d Lewisii. (G. C.
1896, rohideg. G. A
variety wit morali green sepals and
petals and white lip stained with deep
purple. (E Ashworth.)
sepals a and wi
lurid eroe oad flower risate 6 in
across. (S. Banner.)
Cattleya | ee ecg oe ii
(G. C 93.) A sup-
posed sing hybrid reer the two
species indicated in
W. Rothse
Cattleya intermedio-flava. (R. H.
1896, 549.) G. A garden hybrid be-
tween Cattleya intermedia and Laelia
va. (M. L. Fournier, Marseilles.)
yor ae duo (G. C. 1896,
id lawrenciana and C. Mossie.
(R. r B. White te.)
I uddemanniana Ernstii.
1896, xix. 655.) Flowers larger
S rider ia colour than those of the
type. (H.S.
48
sire Lr ae ko L. Lind.
A supposed natural
vi eres C. Moesie and C.
MM Ma. (L. Linden & Co.
Moortebeek, Belgium.)
Cattleya maxima floribunda. (ZŁ.
1896, t. 506.) A fine m Basa bright
A coloured tea lip c purple
risped edges UR with white.
Mirari. inpia Brus-
sels.)
Cattleya. Mendel balliana. (Sand.
Cat. 1896, 5.) Remarkable for the
large size and righ colour of the flow
(F. Sarder & Co.)
See Ji age Neba (G. C. 1896
rden PANT between
C. superba id C. Forbes (J.
Cypher.)
Cattleya Triane. (L. 1896, tt. ul
A series of varieties are dm and
described ; festiva, regalis, dulcis, am-
plissima, sup , ardens, splenden ns,
majestica. v Linden & Co., Morte-
beek, Belgium.
Cattleya SERRE atrata. (J. O.1
40.) Af e with large flowers ; pab
and peta round
lp vet deeply. -— (L/Horticulture
- Internationale, Brussels.)
*Celmisia Munroi, Hook. f. (B. M.
t. 7496.) Composite. G. Whole plant
of the leaves
ow, ray-florets white. New
lden yel
(J. Veitch & Sons.)
7 ania
Chamædorea gratissima, L. aloa
(Lind. Cat. 1896, 13.) Palm S.
Described as an elegant species of: na
-—A x large leaves resembling those
of C. Verschaffeltii. Habitat not given.
(L’Horticulture Internationale, Brus-
sels.)
a. hamosa, C. B. Clarke. (R.
à Gesneracem, S.
ed
fin; showy. India. (J. Sallier, Paris.)
Cirrho ope talum graveolens, TL
(O. R. 1896, 308.) Orchideæ
large flowered species with leaves id in.
by 5 in., scapes 6 in. higb, race T
A. sed of about 13 strongly-
scented ae yellowis!
with red, li eddish-brown ch anging to
“New Guinea. (Brisbane
deep aire
d.) [This is supposed to be
dential: with C. robustum, Rolfe. }
Cirsium A le 2 Hort. (fW. G.
T
1896, 7 Compositæ
bienn n during first year with ve
oe ely like those of Chamaepeuce
diacantha, The second year the Aawer-
- tems develop to a height of 4j ft.
bear numerous large eerta ‘red
flo esr Origin not stat CV.
Masek, Bohemia.)
Clematis Addison Britton. (c.
F. 1896, 394, f. 43.) Ranun
ally of C. Viorna : sepals
dark violet-purple, except at the acute
det ellow tips. Alleghany Moun-
ains. vnde C. S. Sargent, Brook-
thie, Mass., U.S.A.)
Clematis € mies (G.
and F.1896, “wee ce H. “ B
little-known
ligusticifolia." XN. West. United States.
"Coelogyne balfouriana, (Sand. Cat.
1896, 6.) Orchidee. G. Described
orange, and d borne
arched spikes. «Habitat not ny t
Sander & Co.)
REATUS, lauierbachiana, Krá
lia) S. A species ilia
g in havi
more than one leaf to a Lom in ‘the fonm
of the lip and in the shorter inflo-
rescence. New Guinea. (Berlin, B.G.)
Col urida, L. Lind. & Cogn.
GL. 896, 80; t. 532.) A Sepa and
petals a h-yello
with purple, pec white and
purplish. gin (L'Hor-
P Orig stated
tieulture teme eR Brussels.)
Celogyne virginalis, L. Lind, (G.
and F. 1896, 144.) S. A provisional
name for an mti m described as
em pure w Mies the way of
ristata, i delic
Habi tat not recorde -—
Internationale, Brussel
Fa e M.
Core Bagge bowel G. nas
Rubia nte-
, one of the vs DATON
y fragrant.
"Corea
, may prove a for-
midable rival of the Arabian." "Siete
Leone. (Kew.)
ie cx cili-
um. (Gf. 1896, Way Tacik H.
as
á MEUS variety with flowers
large as those of C. speciosum. Asia
Minor. ew.)
Ichicum fascicularis, L. (Gar
1896, Le 3:89.) Hl. e foliage and
flowers of this species 2 together,
the latter being. erocus-like in sape and
pink and w n colour. Gree (T.
Smith, Ne
Coleus spicatus Rondinella. (Gf.
62.) Labiate. G. e
ih miis ous plant about 8
high P With fles diy leaves and racemes ‘of
blue flowers. Abyssinia, (Dammann
& Co., Naples.)
Colutea pe ie S I Ue dud
1896,49.) L ose.
nearly feluted "to » C. pare or Pro
bably a native of the Balkan Poufüédl
CL. Späth, Berlin.)
D.G.
—
or Asia Minor.
“os eme ret pt Dita S. Moore.
biatæ
Japan. (Arnold Arboretum
wo do ciem A.Gray. (B. M.
oriariex. most
colou the weri
perdi aen varies from
coral-red, that of all other kno
species being black or violet- black.
Japan. (Arnold Arboretum.)
Cornus alba Rosenthali. (M. D. G.
897.) Cornaceæ. A form with varie-
p similar to Spaethii. (H.
Albern, Vienna.)
raus co OMEN HE, Koehne. Gf.
*Co
1896, 286.) malayan species
nearly “allied to C. maci Viso, Wall.
*Coronilla cappadocica, dern
Gard. 1896, L., Leguminosz.
A cies of prostrate habit.
Flowers golden yellow in numero
racemes.
Asia Minor. (E. Whittall,
omy ries)
Cotyledon Purpusii, K —
CN. B. 1896, 161.) Crass lac H
Nearly allied to Echeve b erase.
but differing in the na rrow, angle
pyramid-formed, red not nr corollas.
Sierra Nevada. (Ern Bernary,
Erfurt.)
“Crassula GT aos - Br. (K. B.
1896, 161.) Crass A new
dis with the anrea of an Aloe,
leaves being green, Paced a foot or
re long, 2 in. th The
ower scape is MA R. high ee a
e
teresting feature of this Coriaria i a -—
flowering and. fruiting
corymb 18 in. across of small pale
yellow flowers. Transvaal. (Kew.)
A garden hybrid m C. longi-
un and Moorei (makoyanum).
Identical with C. Powellii, a hybrid of
the same parentage. (H. er tree:
a.)
Vienn
(R. H.
Cucur-
bi is es new meld with long
stems rooting at the nodes, large leaves
marbled with white, flo alf
n dis SU di Naudin.
kin, a ov
white and yellow
Uruguay. (Ed. André, France.)
Capresrus oat tae compacta, E
. H. 1896,8, f. 1.) “rt
i ræ.
hë type in its
midal habit. (M. All ard, Angers.)
Cymbidium wid - eburneum.
CG. C: 1896, ag 337.) Orchidee.
G. A garden hy brid between the species
indicated in the nam
cross Set naa oF m) was raised
by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons in 1889.
-Stonei.
pce ES gii chidez. "
hybrid b bctrecd het e poet
the name.
byt (N.C ony
edium Cha CG. C. 1896,
Oypri T67. A m eqs er between
C. Cm -tistt and C. “tolls. (N.
Cookson.)
Cypri Men concolor ver. longi-
petalum, Rolfe. (O. R. laas bia. e
variety with yet 2% in. long. (R
Cypripediuin goultenianum. (Sand.
"Eat P 1896, $5) A n" hybrid
een C. Curtisii and C. callosum
E! Sande r & Co.)
ium insigne, Wall. (2.1896,
0. The follo owing secuti "ys
neared in work just mention
moortebeek iense, miniatum, lati UE
— -€ td rubidum, albo-margina-
CL’ iculture internationale,
eu ssels.
ium insigne Luciani. (Z.
505; Jil. H. 1896, 11, t. 49.)
A diea with yellow lip ‘and petals ;
als ned with
(L'Hortieulture Internationale,
Brussels.) $
medium, le lawroncianum.
e, L. Lind. (L. 1896, t. 546.)
A variety with flowers much greener
than the type. oriau Inter-
nationale, Brussels.)
C au Lawrenceo-Regnie
Ypriped t A garden hybrid E
the us species indicated by the name.
(M. Bleu, Paris.)
Cypripedium palatinum. (W.
189 5.) A garden zireh between
. spicerianum and C. har
C ripedium Re (G . C. 1896,
x 5 594. A cry hybrid between
m leeanum and C. fairicanum. (J
8.)
Veitch & Son
Cypri ipedium regnaldianum. (Sand.
at. 1896, 24. arden hybrid
between C. insigne and C. callosum.
(F. Sander & Co.)
Cot ax
re d
en
(E. non & Lo.)
Cypripedium §
and F. 1896, 144.) A
ium Ee a pment (G. C.
0.) A garden d
and C. Argus
andora, Sander.
provisional name
plant de ripe as
pal
(G.
coloured erimson, yellow and ineat $
broad petals mte yellow and red,
rrow yellow pouch.
Habitat not stated. (F. Sander & Co.)
Er schofieldianum. (G. M.
89 id TE) 2 A E hybrid between
irsutissimum.
(. W. ree
AP) A
fae eH y Ross, on Vor
ripedium villosum bU
1896, xix., 10 Leav
broader and flowers larger han in the
type. (M. A. Truffaut, Versailles s.)
Symondsiz, (0. R.
ed hybrid AY
and C. purpur
tanthus obliquus major. (Sand.
T 1896, 57. Me. G.
amr an additional name for the
type.
outh Africa. (F. Sander &
Cyrtochilum micranthum, —
(G. te c oa Orchidez. S.
un,
A new species r €— €. maculatu
but anitat, with g greenish spotted sepals
and petals and the lip white with oa
brown blotches and a w anteri
Brazil. (F. Sander & Co.)
Cytisus labresce dà
M D. c S90, 95.) 25.) pdt H.
— bush with bright ye flowers
produced in May. Mountains of Upper
Italy. (L. Späth, Berlin.)
Davallia truffautiana. (G. M.1
352, f.) Filices, G. “A duce
handsome and distinet ae with large
fr , à pecu -— "d of wbich
er
s like the
i de i € (L'Horticulture. Internationale,
ls.)
aa oar eee Gaud. (R. H.
1896, 3 cee. tA.
shrub a ung a sane of 6 to 9 ft.
with eolate, serrate kere
tall
and shortly-stalked heads of fruit al
the size of a pea, of a Avus red Robur.
East Indies. (Paris B. G.)
WE tatsiensis, big (W.
1896, 27.) Ranu
species about 2 ft. in eik vim cobalt
blue flowers. a (Vilmorin, An-
drienx, & Co., Paris.)
Dendrobium Arachnites, Reichb. f.
(G. C. 1896, xx., 1, f. 2. Orchidez.
G. A dwarf ki the pseudobulbs
only 3 in. long, fusiform, shining
flowers s m. across , orange-scarlet ;
sopela an d petals linear, lip pendart "
Burma. (J. Bradshaw.)
ium chloropterum. c. C.
. Allied to "n
macr. ophyllum ; flowers greenish wi
few purple lines on the lip. Xt
(H. Low & Co.)
Dendrobium Curtisii. (Sand. Cat
1896, 12, £.) G. A garden eis
between D. aureum and D. Cas.
CF. Sander & Co.)
Dendrobium RETR (G. C.
1896, Aor 581, f. 90.) S. Allied to
ne. Pseudobulbs ovate,
clustered; “leaves Inearlanceolat, 6
lon man à
S ^ in. across ; ; Sepals
creamy-white ; lip
purple markings.
(Sir Trevor P LaWichoe J
(G:
Den drobiuni. ry memi "Me
1. G. A garden —
1896, xix.,
etween D. oniniamum and D.
derianum. (E. Hardy.)
Dendrobium jennyanum, Kwinzl.
(G. C. 1896, xx., 329.) G. A new
species allied to D. undulatum from
— ~ differs i i the size of the plant
wers whieh have untwisted
segment and a broad three-lobed lip.
The clot is se outside, brown
inside and nished, ? Australia. -
CZollingoisJéuny, Zurich.)
~
a
“Dendrobium quadrilobum, Rolfe.
K. B. 1896, 44.) S. .À new
of the section Cadetia wi
stems, short oblo ~, one-leaved pseudo-
bulbs and solitary terminal flowers an
inch across, coloured whitish-green.
? New Guinea. (Kew.
puc thyrsiflorum Lowii.
C. 1896, xix. 593.) Flowers
Geta ate, lip narrow, ug on-shaped
and streaked with yellow. (Baron
Schroéder.)
bid be
mU (Sir F. Wigan.)
PARI te Áo mt f.
(G £439» E . M.
ec
er: 7Pendé i a.
Veitch & Sons.)
E CUTS Scone o H (G. 1896,
nex
om a
commen frase Ep. pur in urea.
rin, Andrieuz, & Co., 8.)
Dioscorea Fargesii, ie m foe E
1896, 540.) Dioscorea
new species with ed dible a ubers
ae Pe erbe appr roaeh
those D. pen pu Western
China. dit Hauri de Vilmorin
France.)
acer. S. A
Leaves
x. 65
2 species allied to D. eximea.
—— — Hemsley. (G. C.
.)_ Apocyn
thick, oblong, ee 2 in. long,
paii tiole } in. long; flowers 3 in. long
and wide, Weng ene "Brasil. CF.
Sander & Co.)
DM: Sonder. M e 1896,
pg mi 78.) Orchidee. G. ribed
e
purple
8 tube, 2 in.
(Hon. W. Rothschild.)
*Dischidia hirsuta, Deene. (G. C.
1896, xx., 182.) <Asclepiadee A
jew climber with orbicular fleshy
eaves 1 in. diameter axill
clusters of small. m tubular flowers.
India and Java. (Ke v)
U 96558.
Dracena Br oomfieldii, Sander. (G. C.
896, xx., 666, 11 5.) Liliacece.
eaves 15 i wide, green
margined and striped with white; stem
short jointed an inch in t
(E. Sander & `
“South Sea Islands.”
)
igoutsi. (ZU. H.
A variegated seedling
m Cordyline australis. (M.
esr Tolea £j)
S IAE
S 2d »)
T ME , stvla, Tor. (M.D
d Hyarophyllaces: Be
cymes of bright
volat obia flowers. Californ
VP EAS B. G.)
Pu rmm
Echeveri rpus
(GA. "1896, 608. £ 97 G: C. 1
Ti «n f 85) Bé GUigtédos
Purpus
Echinocactus 0 Ddieri es Suid
Cacteæ. G. A f ei ae ering from
the type in its pali cowared flowers
— a phæniceus var. in-
K. Schu (M. K. 1896,
Do En "e form differing from
-type in not having spines.
Colonie (L. Spaeth, Rixdorf-
erlin.)
Epidendrum rubens, Rolfe.
C B. a iss Orchidee. C A
spec allied to plicatum.
dives Pusat Clone 8 in. long, panicle
loose, fi an inch across, red-
purple. Mexico. (L'Hortieulture In-
ternationale, Brussels.)
—— MEET d) A (G.
Endresio. gum
E: Wallisii. Ad. Veitch & Sons.)
dares: tm Mh Mt
are linear, thick, wide;
sooner slender, dew flo eel “sepals
ls green with gel lines, "d
Vilow; with a thic eallus
Brazil. (F. Sander & "OU +"
*Eria nm -— tos R. 1896, 2
Orchidee. nt 6 in. high with
two- ami Price of whitis i"
flowers. India (H. J. Elw
*Eria cæspitosa, | ret e€ e B. 1896,
es of tufted
habi without ps Selb 4 leaves
2 in. long, flowers very small, white,
pin and yellow. Hainan. (Kew.)
A 5
5
v o" glabellus var. mollis, A
(Gard. 1896, xlix., 81.) Com
5 ubescent variety wit
Colorado.
vibes
large rose-coloured flowers.
(L. Späth, Berlin.) '
Erigeron hybridus roseus. (iil. H.
1896, 301, 6) H. A garden
hybrid between E aurantiacus and E.
Villarsi. ‘ings & Schmidt, Erfurt.)
E rx pem m Micheli. (R.
1896, L., 408.)
Legumi th solitary tree
e
=
E
30 ft. high creed a ft. in emi
the base. es and trunk eovered
ext
'The wan is a near ally of E. caffra.
Origin unknown.
ee
nium Johnsoni, D
1896, xix.,
th Southern Oregon. (Wall
&S
| i nd. Cat.
1896, 45. -
CS
lMides. G. A ga
den hybrid sah nak m Sanderi and E.
grandiflora. (CH. Kitson.)
Eulophiella ai (G. a F.
1896, as . A sup-
thes scribed as having
ae _yelowish-vhite
lea the base.
Mainak ? (CF. Sander & Co.)
*Fraxinus po E bti a
G. 1896, 26.) H.
tree with leaves most reduced
single end ovate leaflet. Collie,
&e. (Kew.)
cg) hi he Bornmülleri, Hausskn.
896, xlix., 282.) Liliacee.
Š species allied to F. aurea, and like
that eee with gokduacpoltos flowers.
arr & Son.)
(Barr
LU e nobilis, Bake
(B. M.
00.) ze [Abov e is ddetoet name |
for at scribed m
Plants of 1895 under the name of
F. as E ‘fies,
2
(L'Hortieulture Interna-
ime; Brisa ls.)
I om i pice Hak Rolfe. ges. B. 1896,
mall pros-
mie plant with m hiang leaves
. long., coloured. dull. Ere en with a
pink mid-rib and pink hairs. Flowers
small, white in DA Lomtint heads.
British eon (ŒE. Sander & Co.)
| Gerbera vnaftous Sch. Bip. dtd
Com
lE:
i xlix.,
species al am fowerhends
12 flees in width, on scapes 1 ft.
height aves, inverted, iiic
with long stalks. S. Africa. (Cam-
bridge B. G.)
*Geum Heldreichii. (J. of H. 1e,
ene mo ; Rosacez.
e H: Said t
of G. montanum xdi
be
deep orange "Tel flowers. Greece
wets it var. ; E0008, oe
1896, t nS Orch:
me
E
United tates
pio rti ite Interna-
tionale, Brussels.)
Gongora sander eriana, K L qa. c.
1896, xx., d Ew Meet
allied
eerte 5 in. None?
"bro ad; racem i
nove yellowish with rose- outed
spots. Peru. (F. Sander & Co.)
Gutierrezia Rene. s = Ag
(M. D. G. 1896, 26.) Com H.
A ufui mW with ROWS
linear leaves and a pore S mers
golden-yellow wei r-heads.
United States. (L. ‘Spith, Ban)
Hook. f.
-— Elwesii,
Lx: Orchideæ.
hairy p with much longer diieas,
| long lobes of the lip, and spur- -like
| stigmatie processes. Nilghiri Hills.
(H. J. Elwes.)
| *Haw rthis xiphiophylla, Baker.
| r$ S 505. ip Liane. G. This
| differs = oie H. setata s its narrower
| thinner rec rag and fr noidea
| he leaves not Being at all pud
|... oF lineate. - Cape Colony. (Kew.)
| Helleborus caucasicus
nigri-
cans. e 1896, i anime
H. A form differi
its large ^bluish-blae Powers: 2 da
MI Zurich.)
ea ies tos H.
“gto 296 f. + H. A.
form differing from the type in having
pure white flowers. (Haage & Schmidt,
Erfurt.)
"abisons i Archeri. (G. and F. 1896,
vaceæ. G. A garden hybrid
soma T paul pees and H. schi-
zopetalus. (Ke
wie Le muesserianum,
ind. (Z4. H. 1896, 376, t.
maryllidece egments
m eel tinted a pem
ently nearly allied
Brazil. (L? (semet Meise.
Brussels.)
12. 3
narrow
appar-
*Homalopetalum —€— var
CO. R. 1896, 204.) Orchidew
M like the istera petals. It is o
f habit, hi i
ib dob ulbs i E
$ in. long, peduncle 1 in. long, bearing
one flower with linear segments j 3 in.
long. It is fiptited in Hooker's Ic. Pl.
t. 2461. Jamaica. (Kew.)
Hoya autor basin, K. Schum. (M.
9, f) Asclepiadem. S. A
M do vired Mee es with hairy stems,
leaves and flowers ; latter dark brown-
red inside, ie green outside, New
Guinea.
1896 Tamaris
curious NA ant with “thick ee
spiny stem rminal panicles of
straw-coloured à owers. Lower Cali-
fornia. (Paris B. G.)
Idria columnaris Kellogg. Cep, OM CE N.
(B.
*Iris jEPuIPureS, ‘Baker.
t H. E
11.) Iridee The
Hr A this species is I. hex
native of the Southern United States.
Th i Kew
with Z. laevigata es
the
tea. d of d horizontally
wers white, spotted with
ca, Hausskn. (Gard. 1896,
Tris
nr
L.
form. (Max Leichtlin, Badak Baden.)
Iris Lortetii alba. (W. G. 1896,
187.) 1E TL A form differin cem
the type in its pure white flowe
(Dammann & Co., Naples.)
Iris paravar. Foster. (J. 2 1896,
xxxii, 536.) H, A garden bee
7 I. a and J, variegata.
(M. Foster.)
53
Isoloma jaliscan
Wats. (G.
— T — 496). jte. S G.
mbent, pubescent; leaves
cong lanceolate pe in . long; cie
in umbels, corolla n inch long, scarlet,
Mexico Cora WE B. G.)
— virginiana ODE (M.
Z. 1896, 296, f.; . 1896,
S ) "Conifers. H. mathe form
of value for rockeries, &c. (Jena B. G.)
Juniperus virginiana varicenes:
(Gfl. 1896, ce H. A form of com-
pact, pyramidal habit, and with bluish
gray leaves. (Otto Froebel, Zurich.)
*Kondrickia. Walkeri, Thw. (G. C.
1896, xx., 394.) Melastomacem. S.
Deseribed. as one of the most beautiful
of Ceylon plants. It imber with
in fln bright F ECC Ceylon.
(Kew.)
Lelia anceps pratherooani (G
1896, x Eo rehidee. G. e
and pm a the
bright x dssdo ; lip
purple lines d a crimson- itp front
lobe. (J. Broome.)
Laelia autumnalis Fournieri, E.
André. os . H. 1896, 547, o A large
flowered dark colo: M. L.
Fournier, Marseilles m
Laelia EAE delica (G. C. 1896,
xx., 471.) A v A "i nearly pure
white flowers. CF. 8 ander & Co.)
— 1 purpurata ashworthiana.
(G 1896, xx., 39, f. 10.) A variety
with Tera petals coloured purple rose
and striped with white. (E. Ashworth.)
Laelia purpurata Lewisii (G. C.
1896, xix., 655.) Flowers Ne white,
save a few faint lines of li
thelip. (W. L. Lewis & Co.
Laelia urata, vars. (Lind. Cat.
M2) Pas of Morin
are here described under such names
amena, formo ies, lobata, &c. Horti:
culture Internationale, Brussels.
Laelio-cattleya Ghislainiæ. Pa R.
1896, 39.) Orchideæ. G. A garden
hybrid between en harpophylla and
i Prin (A. Van Imschoot
Ghent.)
Laelio-cattl
5 EE a Bp ep gol €
= tla al that AE ae
attley. Men eidhé: "d. Cha
vios
Laelio - cattloys Mo ae og ee
(G. C. 1896, xx., 360.)
p aie between the spe i Baaai in
the (M. Fournier, Marseilles.)
Laelio- -cattleya wargnyana, (L. 1896,
535.) G. A garden hybrid. (L’Horti-
waters Internationale, Brussels.)
et hata subulatum, Rolfe. GS a 15
ik
small i in all its gh the at A a
and the flowers pale green. Brazil.
(F. Sander & Co.)
Larix dahurica. Mind Pee A Maxim.
M. D H.
w
[meer lea
may be dia same as s this.) [L.
d Berlin.]
*Lavatera insularis. (G. and E 1896,
bed f.27.) Malvacexe om
act shrub 4 ft. through = ‘palmatel
lobed vedi ong and
axillary solitary flow 3 in: dis meter,
ecibaisd allo ish eii vr ue il with
purple. Mexico. (T. S. Brandegee,
California.)
-*Ledum glandulosum, Nutt. (M. D.
m cr 1898 19.) "eue MEE NUTS
i differs from L. latifolium and L. palustre
. in its larger ovate leaves, which are not
woolly but dotted underneath with im-
pre
essed glands. Sierra Nevada. (Kew.)
e Rerum uechtritzianum,
l. & Bo (Gard. 1896, L., 238.)
trate widely-
Cru
spreading herbaceous plant with white
(Kew.)
flowers. Bulgaria
Libocedrus greci est aureo-varie-
gata. (M. D. G. 53.) Conifere. H.
A form with PE d ed varie-
Ret Co.,
gated leaves. (Da &
O
berpleis, Germany
Im Biondii, reus (B. T. O. 1896,
wee 1. Liliaceæ. H. arlet
ered species ‘with linear lez
li or perhaps identical
ipfe llied to
with L. sutchuenense. China. (Florene
B. G.)
Lilium chinense, P B. T.
1896, 176, t. geatlet-
flowered lily with filer leaves nea rly
allied to £L. sutchuenense. China.
rris HG)
Lilium szechnense, Hort. (G. C. 1896,
iy 372.) Asp scies with large bright
" | flowers allied to L. Maximowiezti
re sute. ponens Franchet, is correct
~~ name EC plant.]
|
|
i
54
*Linospadix Micholitzii
(Sand. Cat. 1896, 50.) "Palm
Described i in the Gardeners’ Chronicle
dley
Ridley.
ning paii ending in
pair of eee acute points." New Guinea.
(E. Sander & Co.)
Lonicera hirsuta x Sullivantii. (G.
and F. 1896, 345, f. 46.) Caprifoliaceæ.
H^ A garden hybrid. (Arnold Ar-
boretun n.)
*Lowia longiflora, Scort. (G. C. 1896,
xx., 652, f. 111.) Scitaminez. A
stemless plant with tufted leaves 3 ft.
lo d
ong, and one flowered pes 8
long. Flowers 6 in. across, composed
f linear- is ai sk
being — lanceolate,
lip-like, and pure white. rak. (W.
Bull.)
Maclura SOEDHRCA var. inermis.
Ed. André. 1
icaceæ
leaves than the type, and with quite
spineless branches. (M. Guy, Bléré,
nee.)
"Macrotomia cephalo coms A. DC.
G^. 1896, 173.) Bora
handsome pesnik with a leaves
Lee large pe yellow flowers. Asia
(Kew.)
*Mamillaria heeseana, McDowell. an
K.1896,125.) Cae Gs. Thi
t spines of any acm me
Mamillaria yet discovered. Plant de-
ose, when young clothed
wool intermixed with
weak bristles, ces a old. Flowers
carmine-red. Mex
Maranta major. (G. C. Lor xix.,
529.) Scitaminee. S. ant about
3 ft. high with erect on petioles pe
ovate green leaf-blades. Flow
known. (J. Veitch & Sons.)
Masdevallia Curlei. (G. C. 1896, xix.
40.) Orchideæ. A garden hybrid be-
. macrura and M. tovarensis,
tw
(A. Curle.)
*Massoni jasmi asminiflora, Baker.
(B. M. " 7463.) Liliacem. G. This
century
M Burchell, but up till now it has
only been known from a a single specimen
55
dried from his garden at Fulham in
1818, and preserved in the Kew Her-
arium. Leaves two to a bulb, spreading |
on the mein of the ground. Umbel
of white green tipped flowers sessile in
the centre of the two leaves. Orange
Free State. (Kew.)
axi mm grandiflora,
Sanae: . 1896, xx., 310.) Or-
chideæ. A variety "with larger
flowers than nM type, white with purple
lines. (F. Sander & Co.)
Ge
Mor: Ge Teche ato hea Fisch. &
Gl. 1896, 173.) Campanulaces.
dsome biennial attainin ng a
heig or ‘ae feet and bearing large
numbers of aoe Martagon Lily-like
flowe
ical leaves long-stalked.
Asia Minor. «(Kew W.)
(G. €.
1896, xix., re G. Dif-
fers from other forms of this hy e in
aving clear ese markings at the
f£ the lip. . (A. A. jerk,
Miltonia bleuiana e
337.)
Brussels.)
Morus alba aurea. Aer D, 1896,
2.) Urticacez A form ux golden
(T. Rothe,
yellow. leaves and branches.
sa.)
To ime D G.
form “of niy hemi-
(T. Rothe, Odessa.)
Morus Fie 3
1896, 2
iiia arit
x
4. £.)
gar xis hybrid.
albicans.
Amaryl-
lid (G. H.
Bugeibosrt)
Mepenthes rise) Ne a oi (G. x
tha :
X "sinet species with i rt shining:
green oblanceolate leaves and
s on Vid
12 in. long and
pitchers 8 in. Seychelles. (Kew.)
Rolfe.
b: helaphyllum cristatum, i
B. 1896, 12) Orchidez
w species, al rare cordifolium ;
leaves gr n. long ; Ho
10 in | few 86 dm flowers 3 in.
wide, grek with purple ae lip iite
in front. Hong Kong. (Kew.)
Nymphæa andreana. pau 1896, L.,
325. Nymphæaceæ. A garden
ag or seedling sp
acros dp >
Fiöwers cu ,
r Cor- Marliac, Temple-sur-Lot,
France.)
Nymp
hea stellata eastoniensis.
(G. and F. 1896, 474, f. 68.)
DA
seedling variety with numerous broad
deep blue petals. (OG. Ames, Mass.)
Oberonia Myosurus, Lindl. (O. R.
1896, 3.) Or Meg dee. G. A small
species with terete, fles hy leaves covered
with minute never fo SD ylindrical:
flowers small buff-coloured. Burma
(H.L )
Odontoglossum andersonianum
rere ip h € R.1896,106.) Or-
chidez ariety with narrow
Sipaisi and petals iii bright 1:
spotted with red-brown. (H. &
Co.)
Oem Obie, andersonianum a
“om C. 1896,
ra riety with large broad
petalled fall-Jormed flowers my
white, tinged with purple and SpOt
with red-brown. (J. H. Kitson.)
m
Odon nioglossum rar (G
1896, 67.) A suppose d natural
hybrids with pale yellow flowers blotched
and spotted with brown. (L'Hortieul-
be apina s A Brussels.)
p
w
Odontoglossum, E ashworthi-
. C. 1896, xix., ;
an .
Em gy died of the largest
size covered with Rue of rose
rose-purple.” (E. Ashworth.)
Odontoglossum cri
a puo t. 524; rw R. 18 o6)
orm with very large ASi red
blot ‘ok es. as & Co., m-
bouillet, France
Odont toglossum crispum calos. (L.
1896, t. 118.) G. form rm with a large
blood-red blotch on the sepals
us (L'Hortieulture Eimer emm
Brussels.)
Odontoglossum crispum citratum.
CL. 1896, t. 521.) A form with
citron-yellow flowers: lip passing into
whi t the margin, blotched eden
brown purple. (L'Hortieulture Inte
nationale, Brussels.)
Odontoglos B rimo
vd 896, 467.) G.
A. rien with. wines Bowers blotched
with vino purple. (L’Horticulture
Ttééantl tlle, Brussels.)
sag te Meleagris.
520. A fine f
inc :
Horticulture Internationale, Parise els.)
Odon
lossum um
er Rolfe. TOR
sul-
CO. R. 1896, 60.) G.
A variety with the flowers of an uni-
vem UBER ITO colour. (R. B.
hite.)
Odontoglossum crispum venustum.
(G. C. 1896, xix., 655.) “The best rich
srimson-purple blo <a _Odontogos
2. Hlo large and
full. C Hortieultare yi eiia
Brussels.)
Odontoglossum excellens luteolum.
(O. R. 1896,248.) G. A bat xm
phur-yellow flowers withou
brown othe of the type. Aion
Schroeder.)
Odontogloes ume Halli x crispum.
(G. C. 1896, G arden
iria Diea ds ii D indicated
by the name. (N.C.C
Odonto omm hunnewellian
rum. (L. 1896, t a E
orm Tid larger flowers
brightly-coloured lip than the type. "t
Linden & Co., Moortebeek, Belgium.)
luteo-purpureum
O’Brien: (G. C.
wers to
Odontoglossum
ashworthianum,
with
(E. Ashworth. y
demi Rossi var. Pauwelsiz,
1896, t. 534) G.
Sepals and et petals almost entirely
light brown. (M. Fl. Pauwels, Deurne,
Belgium.)
Odontoglossum Me
1896, E > 511.) Dm atural T hybrid
near. light
Sad with
blotches.
ale, Brusse
cm spectabile. (G. k
, 467; L. 1896, t. 523.)
supposed ^ "natural hybrid ‘oemblng
O. ex flowers
with eet LOO em
Internationale, Brusse
ES NIA en
fringed
Cae
large choc ee own
QHortientare prese
Is.)
yel spotted
L? a
nd. (L. 1896, t. 540.)' A sup-
atural hyb rid between O.
med and umphans.
"0.
s eiim E EA Brus-
ls.)
onto "aus varicos igan- -
n ce d (G. C. 1896, xix imet i
Hower much larger t than in the type.
x (Sir F. Wigan.)
ontoglossum wilckeanum elon:
* E. (J. O. 1896, 40.) G.
56
variety of. this natural hybrid v vith
ria id more brightly - aiid
flowers than the type. -(L’ Horticulture
Taterhatiohale, Brussels.)
MO INN MU wilckeanum olivare.
with large
itr ti ie T
ls.)
this natural
eenish flowers.
ternationale, Brusse
Odontoglossum TL um rufum.
(L. 1896, t. 519. A form of this
natural by brid with PAPA blotches.
(L'Hortieulture Internationale, Brus-
sels.)
AL EL co nose Hook. f. (B. M.t
69.) Gramines. 8. m ee densely-
iet perenni 8S sessile,
almost imbricating, distichus leaves an
inch long. Costa Rica. (Kew.)
— wig go m
dse Krànzl.
(G. C. 1896, xix., 754.) Orchideze.
ng, cylindri
each bearing a pair of linear-lanceolat
leaves; flower-scape long, sender,
branching. Hab. —? (F. Sander
Co.)
Opunas ArT K. Schumann.
G., 1896, 29.) Cae H.
This dus & red eorolla and bes
ooth ovary. Colorado. (L.
Späth, "Berin)
Opuntia tetracantha, J. W. giae
(G. and F. 1896, 432.) G.
species allied to O. Thurberi
branched shrub
of - straw-coloured,
e deflexed loosely sheathed
spin Flowers ten i fruit
evi bright searlet. Ariz (Ari-
zona Univer ersity.)
Opuntia xanthostema, K. Schuman
(M. D. G. 1896, 29. Thi lo specióp
has carmine-red flowers, dark yellow
filaments and a prickly ovary. Colo-
rado. (L. Späth, Berlin.)
*Ornithogalum revolutum, Jacq.
(G.and F. 1896, 323.) Liliacee. G.
ally r ^ g narrow
leaves 9 in. long, erect scapes 12 in.
long, and a sub-u Jm
n num.
ach
I ti white with an eye-like blotel
of olive b S. Africa. (Kew.)
Mere
"Piloten aclaudi, bd
ge
near ally of P, hyri oi Benth.,
57
ring in its much longer narrower
irs
and not brown, by its more eie stem,
ke. Upper Guinea. (Paris B. G.)
sae se oe & gerer M. T. Masters.
6, **5 MM f. 97.) Passi-
A ' species with entire
lnecoat aves Sit: long and green ie
ow flowers 3 in. across. Braz
"n. Creighton.)
"Fentstemon secundiflorus, Benth.
(Gard. 1896, xlix., 478.) Scrophu-
lari cai pretty specie with blue
flowers bronze
which are suffused wi
on the upper seg Dolo (Kew.
ERU ge Watsoni, A. Gray. (Gf.
6,77.) H. A dwarf-growing com-
Sin species with roundish leaves and
racemes of bla datan flow wer Colo-
rado. (Herb & Wulle, Naples.)
Perezia sonchifolia, Baker.
1896, 134, t.) Compositz.
annual with ec eed ives
ads lik
qu. H.
and white flower-he iniatu ure
Camellias. Uruguay. (Fd. dar ré,
France.)
Phaius ashworthianus. d^ C. 1896,
XX., 584.) Orchidex. A garden
hybrid betw Busco and P. macu-
latus. (F. Sander & Ce)
"Fhaleria & mbigua, Hook. f. (B. M.
t. 7471.) "T mieta lico S. Aclimb-
ing gl us shrub with light green
somewhat leathery leaves a illary
subterminal heads of pure white
scented Daphne-like flowers. ava.
ew.
Philodendron robustum, L. Lind.
(Lind. Cat., 1896, 21.) Aroidem. S.
Described as a species of RENT
with large emerald green lea
given CL’ Horticulture
Internationale, Brussels.)
"Tie ox urus chinensis, Rolfe
1896 s ae Unek Orchideæ. S.
species stem,
ovate green nud 4 in. long and short
numerous small flowers.
« B.
A new
scapes bearing
cas (Kew.
riocarpum, d
zr jon Hen t. 7473) Pittosporess.
all tre te leaves
XT. Hanbury, La Mortola, E un
Platycerium Weitchii. (G (G. cue m
"xix. 059.) ces
da distinc x Py onis sont oreet sagit
pita cum d being of unusual leathery
substance and dark green in colour."
(J. Veitch & Sons.)
Plostocomis crinita L. Lind. | (Lind.
at. 1896, 21.) es S. Described
~ a species with th e odio € with
white spines in fascicles of about seven ;
leaves sedi very -p glaucous green,
whitish on under si itat not
o V Horticulture Terana;
Brusse
P Oido me 9 ae (J. O. 1896,
ex.
irious se
u
ceolate-
ulate acute leaves and d Y violet-
purplish hairy flower-stems bearing
somewhat fleshy old minit flowers
more or less tinged' wit . Mada-
gascar. (Mme. Adde Pauillac, France.)
Potentilla dahurica fruticosa.
(M. D: G. 1896, 49.) “Kowna: H.
A e between the two species named.
Garden origin.
X mE Inierandra, Koehne.
896, 48.) H. A low bush
iit t half as tall-growing as P. fruti-
cosa, with p leaves and dark yellow
flowers
Potentila pa
D. G. 1896, 26.)
irem shrub
arvifolia, Fischer. (M.
H. A dwarf much-
with 6008. flowers
produced in July and August. Siberia.
CL. Späth, Berlin.)
imula floribunda Lir cmm
i. 1896, 113, t. € Primulace
iffers from the type in ivii
mich ee flowers. (Haage & Schmidt,
rt.)
Qt D. G.
po o
som iate
Prun
1896,26 26. $ ico
a Ps
Asia a Minek. ae es Bein)
CArnold Arboretum.)
S C. 1896, xx., 470.)
“Frond s compound, pinnæ
uch subdivided, the eade me pes.
being IMP istate.”” Orig
(T. Childs.)
Pteris Childsii.
Filices. G.
mu
Pteris i d C. 1896, xix.,
€: G. Proba bly a seedling variety
ees ee with fonds 2 ft. high and
pine pen = ky e,dark green. (Messrs.
Stroud
*Pterisanth MARE. ue e 1896,
XX., 182.) Ampelideæ. S. imber
with the habit of a ee cordate leaves
5 in. long an rachis flattened
1 7
e flowers on
)
n
the viram Malaya.
Pyrus us var. aurea pe (G.
1896, 169, t. 1495.) Rosa H.
form with leaves blotched. pe bright
golden yellow. (LL. Späth, Berlin.)
marron us palunris Reichenbachi
1895,27.) Cupuliferæ.
À s with the leaves red from stats
first opening. es Wendland, Herren-
hausen, Hanover.
Quercus pedunculata mmbraculifers.
CM. D. G. 1896, 2.)
bro: age —: -— a Mecum raised
(L.
from a p. fastigiata.
Tenis; dani
Restrepia sanguinea, Rolfe. (K. B
trepia
1896, 44.) Orchidez.
n flow
pen 2 fe long, an and the t is
of the same length. Colombia, (Charle
worth p Co.)
Rhipsalis robusta, G. A. Lindb. (M.
K 1896, 53.) Caetem. G. A South
ian poets with stout terete
branches ; ee E IS near tips of
the v "CQ. A . Lindberg, Stock-
holm.)
i d Faleoneri x ges
C. 1896, x 02.) Eri G.
Auer the tuv: p cies
indicated in de name. Origin uncertain.
Rhododendron bn ep um (R
6, 359, and 428, t.) H. A garden
hy bri be between R. arit ianum and
oni (M. Halopé, Cherbourg.)
e oraa n C Luscombe, As
(G 896, Xn
Ters from ds i dos in e dires
of a rich erimson colour. (S. C. God-
man.)
ron th (G. C.1
Rhododend arden hybrid ét een
(J.
R. "fa commi e R. javanicum.
Veitch & Sons.)
s succirubrum, (M. G. Z. 1896,
Em Saxifragee. Lect A hybrid be-
. divaricatum and .R. niveum.
qt. Zabel, Gotha.)
Saccolabium Barbeyæ,Kränzl. | tu
sil.
1896, 40). Orchidec
Angrecum imbricatum, Lin
B.
i
*
Salix humboldtiana, var.
: of
André. (R. H
r. fastigia
1896, 177,
debo Salicinee. G. A form
55
Lombardy Per
André, de <3
pyramidal ps Vue d ge: of E
(Ed
*Salvia sc chiedeana, tie o (K
1896, 19.) Lab G.
ong ; flower-spike
ong, pt we Mexico. (Kew.)
lumosa aurea.
apri rifo iaceo.
H for carlet- berried elder
be eons golden leaves. (De Voss,
Sammes PME
(M. D. G. —
See Ae DE hainanensis, T —
TAB Orchidez. S.
ie ia aciem
S — cnet vue -oblong
eme 3 in. long; town light
sepals and pu 3 in. long,
lip shorter. Hainan. (Kew
vn C. 1896,
A seedling
(EF. Sander
Archia; ; stem
4 *
z
i
; DAFTACONIA Sanderz.
534.) arraceniacee.
or r hybrid of garden origin.
& Co.)
*Saxifraga afghanica, Aitch. & Hemsl
ie Es xlix., 260.) Saxifra, rages.
-— ct plant with mu flowers
dier o the I a oup.
Afghanistan. (Rew. æ s:
Sedum englerianum, Graebner.
B. 1896, 186.) Crassu laceæ. H.
spe
as. ‘
gypsicolum. Pyre nees. eE B. G.)
*Senecio multiflorus, (6; C.
1896, xix., 460, ff. 67 S "Como.
ally of th i
Doroni t. 4994.
Canary Islands. (Cambridge 5 G.)
Sidalcea malvefiora em (Gard.
1896, L., 131.) Malvace: variety
with blush- pink foit. ` (Lister. )
(G. C.
S A
V
»
Krünzl.
chidex.
new od with the hi abit of &
hansen Leaf sheaths d via black
spots; flow e-like v
mets xix, 608). On
japon
nivied Y in its fruits.
(L. "Spit Berlin.)
Ja
59
EE Marriottii. (G.
896, xx., 667. ^ Orchidee. G.
gard between Sophronitis
grandi ora a Lelia flava. (Sir W.
Marriott.)
C.
A
Schoenlandia ny cen Cornu. (J.
Pontederiacer. S.
2: acaulescent terrestial plant with
cordate acute leaves. The soli
flowers Im from short branches in
the axils of the Pind branches bracts
nd flowers being a violet Dy
Western "Tropical dire (Paris B. G.)
Selenipedium Verdieri. (J. O. 1
100.) Orchidez. rden hybrid
between S. caudatum a Psi and S.
Roezlii
Solanum Farini, Hort. (W.G
G. A strong- Mai
bluc- ÉL spiny "Agar allied to S.
duplosinuatum. Africa. (Dammann &
Co., Naples
E — Sonics fructu
c CM. . 1896, 28.) -— "
of the Mou
Ash with edible fruits ; iuoduted Mod
Russia. (L. Späth, Berlin.)
hk o o Tan a
avat. (G/f. 1896, 505, t . 1431.) Rosa-
n inte cresting. ass pretty
deciduous shrub wc ande in its parts
n S. flexuosa. Jap
Taxus floridana, Nutt. (G. and
1896, 261 Taxacee. H. “A bush
spreading branches.”
Florida. (Biltmore Arboretum.)
Thunia alba ower (Sand. ae
Na 17.) Orchidee. $. Flo
arger than in the type, pure iiti the
ip golden yellow. (F. Sander & ips os
Thuya —— Elw: ana
aurea. (M. Fa 28. “Con
feræ. Ph, the Am
Arborvite with den ea PE lees
which do n
(L. Späth, Beli.
Thu a a be ome f. D.
c 28.) E thik,
id uL narrow jo ee rr habit. (O.
Froebel, Zurich.)
Tigridia Pavonia alba immaculata.
(Gard. 1896, xlix., 361.) Irideæ. A
snowy white form without spots. (Van
me n, junr., Haarlem.)
vonia Bava.
a 96, = d A. distin
pale yellow flowers. (Kew
(Gard.
o um wit
— arbore bipinnati bem
ce d 1896, xi. ,052.) Filices. G.
iety with finely dividei fronds,
lighter in colour and more elegant than
e type. (J. Veitch & Sons.)
Trichomanes Fraseri, Jenm. (G. C.
1890, xx., 266.) Filices. S. ne
species with creeping rootstock, small
r vE green naked f e which
are sub-flabellate, } in. grs the
sori sone to the top lobes. nest
Indies. (P. Neill Fraser.)
Ulmus NL Leiner
nova.
rticace: H: v
leaves ind a denser habit tha
umbraculifera. (L. Späth, Berlin.)
ee ianthina, Hook. f.
GB. Mt 7466.) Lentibularier. S.
h andsome species with niform
aan and lar ale blue corolla
the rounded convex part of the lower
lip ms marked ter Ae —
golden bands edged with deep violet.
Ina ge^ — p in ue axils of the
leaves esa. Brazil. (F:
Sander & Op St. Albun s.)
*Uvaria virens, N. E. Br. (K. B.
1896, 16.) Anonaceæ. S. A new
species with hairy stems and oblon
leaves 3 to 6 in. long; flowers sessile
in — small, yellow-green. Delagoa
Bay. (Kew.)
Vanda Bensoni var. tristis, Parish.
(G. E oo xix., 422.) Orchidee
ariety with flowers coloured
DRIN outside and dirty brow
within, lip whitish gets! with gem
side-lobes. Moulm (F. San
Co.)
Vanes bicolor, Griff. (G. C. we
422. G. rare specie
recently reintroduced. Stem 3 ft.;
leaves 6-10 in. long obtusely two-lobed;
M": stout erect, 4-6 flowered, ers
2 in. diameter
le,
cae lip margined with ye show
and with large m mr side-lobes.
Himalia. (F, Sander & Co.)
Vanda kimballiana var. Lacknerz,
Krünzl (G. B - 337, t.1498.) S
A form with of a pure white
except the small "ide lobes of the lip
ieh are yello (C. Lackner, Steg-
litz, Geny
Vials Deokigua, E Pam ae
ii.
ele ‘rock sient with LE blue or
yellow flowers. Bosn
CW. G. 1896,
*Vitis doaniana, rec (G. a
1896, 454, f. 59.) mpelidee. H.
very hardy vine ith ere white leaves
and branches. Tex
Vitis Solonis : robusta. (QW. G.1
A garden hybrid Toten
Y So tik onis and V. ky
fils, Marseilles.)
— —— at — —.
gar
hieroglyfien bise d
(M a cialis: aik: )
cepe Mortierii. (R. E 1896, 219.)
garden hybrid between En-
B^ erm roseum and Vriesia incurvata.
(J. Sallier fils, Paris.)
yk. splen
(M. Ban Versailles Ss
(Besson
60
Watsonia iridifolia Ardernei. (G.
and 4 HZH
e
Plants for 1889. (R. Wallace & Co.)
Zamia noeffiana, L. Lind. (Lind. Cat.
1896, 23.) Cycadacee. G escribed
S. America. Cor
nationale, Brussels
minm Int nter-
Zephyranthes taubertiana, Harms.
(Gj. me zal, t. 1437) Amaryllidex.
G. A sp with narrow linear leaves
and large pipe Bower Brazil.
(Berlin B. G.)
Zygopetalum Perrenaudii. (G. C.
1896, xix., 337, 367, f. 50.) Orchidez.
ao garden hybrid E
intermedium and zillare
Gauthieri. (A. A. Peeters, Dennet
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BUZLZLETIN
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
APPENDIX III.—1897.
LIST of the STAFFS of the ROYAL GARDENS, Kew, and
of Botanical Departments and Establishments at Home,
and in India and the Colonies, in Correspondence with
Kew.
* Trained at Kev. t Recommended by Kew.
Royal Gardens, Kew :—
Director - - - - W.T.Thiselton-Dyer. C.M.G.,
OI E, ER B LED PhD.
M.A., F.L.S
Assistant-Director - - - Daniel Morris, C.M.G., D.Se.,
M.A., E.L. s
Assistant (Office) - - - *John Aikmar
Š - *William Nicholls Winn.
» 23
Keeper of Herbarium and Library J a a Baker, F.R.S.,
PrincipalAssistant (Ph gams) ) *Willim Botting Hemsley,
RB., FILS.
si ss aa - George Massee, F.L.S.
Assistant (Herbarium) - Nicholas Edward Brown,
S.
- - * Robert Allen Rolfe, A.L.S.
- *Sidney Alfred Skan.
»pow m$
P
5m
"D
=}
ad
4
, "rj
Cs
Un
v hw lude. - - Otto Stapf, Ph.D.
14800—1375—10/97 Wt6l D&S 29
62
Honorary Keeper, Jodrell e l Dukinfield Henry Scott,
borator - - - | ERS; MA, Ph.D, F.LS.
Keeper of Museums - - - John Reader d A.L.8.
Assistant tips ae - - - John Masters Hillie
Preparer - - - - George Badderly.
Curator of the — - - George Nicholson, A.L.S.
Mn Curator - - William Watson.
Fore —
Arbara - *William J. Bean.
Herbaceous Depart —" - - *Walter Irving.
(— an Ornamental Frank Garrett.
Depar t.
laee Bouis (Sub-tropical *William Dallimore.
Department).
Cambridge.—University Botanic Garden :—
Professor - - - Henry Marshall Ward,
M.A., Sc.D., F.R.S.,
Secretary to Botanic l Walter Gardiner, MA.,
Garden STNE F.R.S.
Curator - - *Richard Irwin Lynch,
A.L.S.
Dublin.—Roya! Botanic — ce Glasnevin :—
Keeper - - Frederick W. Moore
As LS.
Trinity ped cen Minis :—
E. Perceval Wright,
Sec
LI LI ees
R.L.A.
Curator - - - *F. W. Burbidge, M.A.,
F.L.S.
Edinburgh.—Royal Botanic Garden :—
Regius Keeper - - Isaac Rayley Balfour,
M.D., D.Sc., FRBI
Head Gardener - EN Richar "son.
Assistant Gardener - *R. L. Harrow.
Glasgow.—Botanic Gardens :—
University Professor- F. O. Bow go D. Be,
F
i
- *Daniel Dewar.
Curator - E
Oxford.—-University Botanic Garden :—
Professor - - - SydneyH. Vines,D. Se,
RS., F.L.S.
Curator - " - *William "Baker,
63
COLONIES.
Antigua. (See Leeward Islands.)
Barbados.—Dodd’s Reformatory, Botanic Station :—
Superintendent
British Guiana.—Botanic Gardens :—
Georgetown Superintendent and
Go ment Bo-
anist.
Head Gardener
Secon
Promenade Ga rden
Head G —
Keeper -
Berbice -
British Honduras.—Botanic Station :
John R. Bovell,F.C.S.
F.L.8.
*George S. Jenman,
ELS. z
- TJohn F. Waby.
*Robert Ward.
William m
Richard Hun
Curator - - - Eugene Campbell.
Canada.—
Ottawa - - Dominion Botanist - Prof. John Macoun,
M.A., F. R. S8. C.,
Assistant ; JOR. "M. Macoun.
Director of Govern- Prof. Wm. Saunders,
xperi- F. R.S 3.
mental Farms.
Botanist and Ento- James P po. F.L.S.
mologist.
Montreal - - Director, University Prof. D. P. Penhallow,
B.Se.
Botanic Garden.
Cape Colony.—
Government Botanist
Prof. MacOwan, F.L.S.
Ceylon.—Department of Royal Botanie Gardens :—
Director - -
Peradeniya - Curator - -
Clerk -
raughtsman -
Hakgala - - ete dent
C m Bue
Henaratgoda - Gonduoto
Anuradhapura »" E -
Badulla - - : :
Dominica, (See Leeward Islands.)
- tJohn C. Willis, M.A.
era.
S. de Silva, apua
D. F. de Sil
D. A. Genia
Falkland Islands.—Government House Garden :—
Head Gardener -
- *Albert Linney.
Fiji.— Botanic Station :—
urator - - - *Daniel Yeoward.
Gambia.—Botanic Station :—
Curator - - - *Walter Haydon.
Gold Coast.—Botanic Station :—
Curator - - - *Charles Henry Hum-
. phries.
Grenada.—Botanie Garden :—
Curator - - - *Walter E. Broadway.
Hong “OnE — Botanic and Afforestation gend -—
Superintendent - - TCharles Ford, F.L.S.
Assistant Superinten- *W, J. T utcher.
dent
Jamaica.—Department of Public Gardens and Plantations :—
Director - - TWilliam Faweett,
B.Sc., F.L.S.
Hope Gardens - Superintendent - - "William Crad wick.
Castleton Garden » - *William J. Thompson.
Cinchona (Hill i . *William Harris.
Garden).
n Parade » - John Campbell.
Garden.
King's House " - "Thomas J. Harris.
Garden. .
Bath- - - Overseer - - - W.Groves.
Lagos.—Botanie Station :—
Curator - - - “Henry Millen.
Assistant - - - *F. G. R. Leigh.
- - s CIA Tey
29
Leeward Islands.—Botanic Stations :—
Antigua - E 5 Curator - - Alleyne S. Archer.
2i ~ - Cura - - - *Joseph Jones.
Montse *
St. Etta Kovis - - Head Gardener - - Joseph Wade.
Malta —Argotti Botanic Garden :— |
Director - - Dr. Francesco Debono.
Mauritius.—Department of Forests and Botanic Gardens :—
Pamplemousses - Directo EGET
Mieinn: Director ot J. Vankeirsbilck.
8
J. Powell.
Assistant Directo: of Paul Koenig.
Forests
Curepipe - - Overseer - > - F. Bijoux.
Reduit - - - . - W. A. Kennedy.
39
65
Montserrat. (See Leeward Islands.)
Natal.—Botanic Gardens :—
Durban - - Curator - - - John Medley Wood,
A.LS.
Head Gardener - - *Ja Wylie.
Propagator E - *William Thorpe.
Pietermaritzburg Curator - E - G. Mitchell
New South Wales.—Botanic Gardens :—
Sydney - - Director - - - J. H. Maiden, F.L.S.
New Zealand :—
Wellington.—Colonial Botanic Garden :—
Director - E - Sir James Hector,
K.C F.R.S.
Head Gardener - - G. Gibb.
Dunedin - E pss Mendes - J. McBean.
Napier - - - W. Barton,
Invercargill - Sone Gardener - - Thomas Waugh.
land - - Rar - - William Goldie.
Christchurch - Head "rano. - - *Ambrose Taylor.
Niger Coast Protectorate.—Botanic Garden :—
Old Calabar - Curator - - - Horace W. L. Billing- .
n.
Assistant Curator - *John H. Holland.
T —Botanic Department :—
Brisbane - - Colonial Botanist - F. M. Bailey, F.L.S
Botanie Gardens :—
po - - E oe —
Ove = 4. 181
Ac climatisation Societ 8 Gardana
Secretary ‘and Mo Wm. Soutter.
Ass fts ; - A. Humphrey.
Rockhampton - Boberntshdent. - -38 Edgar,
St. Kitts-Nevis. (See Leeward Islands.)
St. Lucia.— Botanic Station :—
Curator - = - *John Chisnall Moore.
St. Vincent.—Botanic Station :—
Curator - - - *Henry Powell.
Sierra Leone.—Botanic Station :—
Curator - > - *Frederick Enos Willey
South Australia.— Botanic Gardens :—
Adelaide - - Director - - - Maurice Holtze, F.L.S.
Port Darwin - Curator - - Nicholas Holtze.
66
Straits Settlements.—Gardens and Forest Department :—
Singapore - - Director - - - TH. N: Ridley, M.A.,
Assistant Superinten- *Walter Fox.
Penang - - Assistant Superinten- fCharles Curtis, F.L S.
dent.
Perak (Kuala Kangsar).—Government Gardensand Plantations :—
"t Superintendent - E ,Uliver Marks.
» (Taiping)- - - *Robert Derry.
Tasmania.—Botanic Gardens :—
Hobart Town - Superintendent- - F. Abbott.
Trinidad.—Royal Botanic Gardens :—
Superintendent - - TJohn H. Hart, F.L.S.
Assistant , - - *William Lunt.
Victoria.—Botanic Gardens :—
Melbourne- - Curator - -
National Herbarium :—
Curator - - - J.G.Luehmann, F.L.S.
Western Australia.—
Consulting Botanist - F. Turner, F.L.S
y
- W.R.Guilfoyle, F.L.S.
Zanzibar.—
Director of Agricul- R. N. Lyne.
ture.
INDIA.
Botanical Survey.—Director, George King, M.D., LL.D., C.I.E.,
F.R.S., F.L.S
Bengal, Assam, Burma ; uds Andamans and Nicobar’ ; North-
East Frontier Expeditior
ie us of] George King, M.D.
the Royal Botanic ED- CLE., E.R.S.,
Gardens, Calcutta FES:
Bombay, including Sind :—
Lecturer on Botany, |
College of } *G. Marshall Woodrow.
Science, Poona -
Madras: the State of Hyderabad and the State of Mysore :—
Government Botanist
67
pa aee Provinces and Oudh; the Punjab; the Cen
nees ; Central India ; Rajputana ; North-West ene
Expedit ions :—
Director of the Bo- ]
tanic Department -
Northern Indis. tJ. F * S Duthie, BA.
Ej
Saharanpur
TW. . ,
Bengal :—
Reporter on Econo- )
mie Products to George Watt, M.B.,
t Government M C;LE., F.L.S
of India, Indian cs ig dise
Museum, Calcutta
Bengal.—Department of Royal Botanic Gardens :—
Calcutta Superintendent - Geerge King M.D.,
(Seebpore) In D CL E., F.R.S,
F.L.S.
See of ne David Prain, M.B.,
F.L. na gem
ior y Garden - - ou 45
Assistant à H. J. Dav pa
Probationer - eee H. Cave.
Caleutta.—A gri-Horticultural Society of India :—
Secretary - - P. Lancaster.
Mungpoo - cia unc Ee Ge George King, M.D.,
ve LL.D., C.I.E., ER S.,
aas a Plantations F.L.S.
Deputy *R. Pantling.
ver Assistant =- NE ier ge Parkes.
- ammie
de s - inde Hartless.
Darjeeling.-Lloyd Botanie Garden :—
Curator - - - *William A. Kennedy
Darbhangah.—Maharajah's Garden :—
Superintendent - Herbert Thorn.
Bombay.—
Poona -
Lecturer on Botany *G. Marshall Woodrow.
Ghorpuri.—Botanie Garden :—
Superintendent - A. R. Lester.
Bombay.—Municipal Garden :—
Superintendent - — C. D. Mahaluxmivala.
Karachi.—Municipal Garden :—
Superintendent - *William Strachan,
68
Central Provinces.—
Nagpur - - Superintendent of
Public Gardens.
Madras.—Botanic Department :—
Ootacumund - Government Botanist
Director of Govern-
ment Cinchona
Plantations.
Curator of Gardens
and Parks.
Madras.—Agri-Horticultural pita lead A —
n. Secretary - E
Baperinténdedi -
Native States.—
Mysore Bengalore) Baperistendeni -
Gwalior - : :
Morvi - - à -
Travancore (Trivandrum) -
Udaipur
North-West Provinces—
Agra (Taj — Superintendent — -
DENS - d
manina (hones) -
Lucknow E - -
Saharanpur and
Branch Garden, -
_ Mussoorie.
Punjab.—
Lahore - - Superintendent -
*J. Horne Stephen.
W. M. Standen.
*Robert L. Proudlock.
Dr. A. G. Bourne.
9). M. Gleeson.
*J. Cameron, F.L.S.
*G. H. Krumbiegel.
tC. Maries, F.L.S.
*Joseph Beck.
T. H. Storey.
F. J. Bullen.
*Matthew "Ridley.
William Gollan.
H. G. Hein.
[AU Rights eere]
2. ROYAL. GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
APPENDIX I1I.—1897.
CONTENTS.
NEW GARDEN PLANTS OF THE YEAR 1896.
LO Nz
PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY EYRE AND SPOTTISWOODE,
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
EYRE AND a obi ne HaRDING STREET, FLEET FORMA E.C. ane
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HODGES, mobs & Co., LIMITED, 104, Gate SrREET, DUBLAN. ~
1897. RT S x
c dPrefowpeeen |. 0 s
ROYAL GARDENS.
KEW.
THe “KEW BULLETIN” of Miscellaneous
Information is issued as an occasional publication from
the Royal Gardens at Kew.
The “ BULLETIN ” is printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery
Office, and published by Messrs. Eyre & Spottiswoode, at
East Harding Street, Fleet Street, E.C., and 32, Abingdon
Street, S.W., and it may be obtained directly from them
or through any Bookseller.
Price Fowrpence per copy. By post: 5d. per copy.
Back numbers, previous to January 1893, twopence per
copy, when available.
The Price of the Annual Volume of the * KEW
- BULLETIN " for each year, with rates of postage, is as
follows :—
| Price (including Postage),
Year. oe Prices
United Foreign and
Kingdom, Colonial.
a | E ud. 3 d
1891 3 0 3 4l 3 64
1892 $ 0 $ 4i 3 61
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| 1895 - 3 0 3 4i 3 6
The Annual Volumes for 1887 to 1890 are out of print
and cannot now be supplie
The Index to the first five volumes, being Appendix IV.,
1891, may be had separately, price 2d.
The Bulletin is also sold by John Menzies and Co., of
Edinburgh and Glasgow, and Hodges, Figgis, and Co.,
Limited, of Dublin.
ROYAL GARDENS, KEW.
BULLETIN
OF
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.
APPENDIX II.—1897.
NEW GARDEN PLANTS OF THE YEAR 1896.
The number of garden plants annually = yeni in botanical and
byte publieations, both English and foreign, is now so consider-
able that it has been thought desirable to publish a sottitéto list of them
in the Kew Bulletin each year. The following list comprises all the
new introductions sepas sore 1896. These lists are indispensable
to the maintenance of a rect nomenclature, especially in the smaller
botanical Albona in rhea with Kew, which are, as &
rule, only scantily provided with horticultural periodicals.
will afford information respecting new plants under cultivation at
this establishment, many. of which will be vraie from it in the
regular course of exchange with other botanie garden
The present list includes not only plants biok in into cultivation for
the first time during 1896, but the most noteworthy o
been re-introduced after being lost from cultivation. Other plants
included in the list may have been in gardens for several years, but either
were m described or their names had not been authenticated "until
cent
In addition to Deus and botanical varieties, all hybrids, whether
introduced or of garden origin, with botanieal names, and described for
the first time in 1896, are included. It has not been un desirable,
however, to give authorities after the names of garden in su
genera as Cypripedium, &c. . Mere garden a5 of a plants as
leus, Codieum or Narcissus are omitted for obvious reasons.
In every case the us is cited under its published - name, although
some of the names are doubtfully correct. Where, however, a correction
has appeared desirable, this is made.
The name of the Bron 1 in — collection the plant was first noticed
or described is given where known.
An asterisk is eo to dii those plants of which examples are in
cultivation at
The ptiticitinns from which this list is compiled, with the abre.
viation used to indicate them, are as follows :— — Bulletin
L Herbier Boissier. B. H. N.— Bulletin da Museum d' histoire naturelle;
M.—Botanical Magazine. Bruant Cat.—Bruant’s Catalogue
U 96558. 1375.—4/97. Wt. 123. A
44
of New Plants, 1896. B. T. O.—Bulletino della R. Società Toscana di
Ortieultura.
Plants. Gar
Du ee d'horticulture de Frate
E Cat.—Bull, Catalogue of New, Beautiful,
Garden G. Ga
r
Ill. H. —L'lllustration Horticole.
d: H.
and Rare
ardenerg Chania G.
—Gartenflora. G. M—Gardeners’
Jard.—Le Jardin. J.
— Journal de la Société
rnal des Orchidées.
O. soi
irem etin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Gardens, Kew. L.
nd
Girtner-Zeitur
5 G. M
v din
aeth,
Sp
Catalogue of Plants. W. G.—
: dee or
— Lemoine,
TP THonisitiore Internationale, Catalogue.
Deutschen Vues prope Gesellschaft. M. G.
onatsschrift für Kakteenkunde.
Notizblatt Ta eia ‘botanischen Garten und M
. R.— R
Re . B.—Revue de l'Hortieulture Belge.
Sand. Cat.—Sanders’ eim of New Plants, 1895. S,
General Nursery Catalogue. Veit ch
Wiener iiiastrirto Garten-Zeitung.
se.—JH.
velles. Lind. Cat.—
D. Gc Mittitfüngen n der
Z.-- Moller’s vem
n B.—
M.
at.—
Cat.—V eitch & Sons,
The abbreviations in n: rete Aie of the plants are:
ardy.
Feet. .—(reen
Stove
—Inches. S.—
Abies grandis pendula. CM. D, G.
: 6, 28.) Conifere. H. A weeping
form. Originated in nursery of L.
Späth, Berlin.
Acalypha Sanderi, N. B. Brown. (G. C.
1896, xx., 392.) Urt C Be An
species COE a height o of 10 to 15 ft.
with large o rrated leaves
bris dei E drooping taie spikes of
New Guinea.
(m de & QJ.
Acanthophi oe Merce fa
ct new species affin x "Curtis
seid QU in. long,
purplish ; ves blots Tanócolite
ees
2
(P. Wolter,
war
long, white.
g-)
—
O. 1896, 158,
de S. near ally of
A. hier, but diftering ta e much
ur of
the flowers. se epals yik agile |
shaded with AN Mns and m
Mrd Be rple; petals sepals but
r port ion n ip waxy white,
thickened part of disk oran ge yellow
and lined vidi
hi "CL'Horticultare
biermetiosata, Brussels.)
Acer campestre, var. porteten R.
ae, p JD. Œ. 1896, 80.) Sapin-
dacee. H. A yelow- leaved form of
the common maple.
|
|
|
=
|
HH — Hall bani.
mr —— aureo- md ee
D. G. 1896, 79.) H.
n margin and dotted rim LL
h esr
criptiv ve
IE. B URETo Pun. em er rulentum.
r Negundo varieties.
1896, 78.) H. The following pet ms
= ns tea,
of this species are des
figured, viz.:—densi,
koehneanum, parsitiun; rectangulatum
Acer E boreale. (M. D. G.
H. Said to have been in- |
notasi from Canada and to be hardy -
-— Russia, e" to ripen seeds where the
own in Euro = killed
by cold: (H. H. Sehr roeder, M Meee )
ee eo odessanum. (M. D.
eran 2.) H. A form with leaves
eeper golden eolour and retain
dat pear longer than the or end
Lee Acer Negundo. (T. Rothe
Odessa.)
Acer Att Me mu color.
(G/l. 1886, 219.) orm S Me
Norway Maple wi wit =e red
later eei d yellowish-white aiieek
and blot
“
AIO ianum.
ricating
none. West Indies. ae nnm -
45
ae c age oo Regel & Radde. |
Eie 240.) Ranunculacee
A pretty pm with much divided
mx and yellow flowers about 2 in. in |
diameter. North China. .(Kew.)
Aerides "ierra album. (4.1
538.) S. A form differing
"ia Got ‘oe in "having entirely a
flowers (M. Fl. Pauwels, Deurn
Belgium.)
ES laxifolia, Baker. (B. M. t.
477.) Amaryllidez. A deis of
the section Rigide near A. excelsa. The
flo give out a smell exactly like
that of mice. Mexico. (Kew.)
OK lobata, Deene. (B. M
485.) Berberid dex. H. This di
üre sma
of
ture and colour. P -dupur, North China.
ew.)
Alocasia sanderiana gandavensis.
(iu. y P 267, t. 2 Aroidex.
S. Af with young leaves of pur-
plish ce colour AU vermilion-
d Tale, this coloration remains
the under surface but
gradually ngii to green on the upper
ce. (Louis De Smet-Duvivier,
Ghent.)
Aloe abyssinica, Lam. (W. G 6,
102.) Liliacee. | G. e Klowis:
e are deseribed by C. Sprenger
glauca, robusta, recurvata, pyg-
æa, maculata. (Dammann & Co.
N aples.)
€ Bedinghausii. (M. K. 1896, 24.)
G. - — hybrid between mee
oe longiaristata.
Cision, & Schmidt = rfurt.)
= inii . K. 1896, vu
uci t hybrid 1 between Gast
verrucosa Aloe longiar istata.
(Haage & Sehniat, Erfurt:)
Aloe Chiudo dowii. (M. K. 1896, 24)
rden hybrid, whose parents
eet as probably Gasteria ara
and G. verrucosa. (Haage & Schmidt,
Erfurt.)
Aloe cyanea, (M. K. 94. G.
A garden Rora Deiker A. prend and
A. incana: (Haage & Schmit, Erfurt.)
Aloe de Laetii (WM. K. 1896, 24.)
SU 2 d deir between A. ciliaris
and A. soce (Haage & Schmidt,
Erfurt. as
Aloe Holtzei. (M. K. 18
9, 249 Lx:
rden hybrid — e probable parents
= given as ermedia and
. Haworthia Radula, T Hase & Schmidt,
Erfurt.)
Me T eri. CM. K. 1896, 24.) G.
en hybrid between "Aloe ser-
d F Lomatophyllum | borbonicum.
Frodo & Schmidt, Erfurt.)
Aloe hybrida gloriosa. (M. K. 1896,
27. A ga brid between Lo-
matophyllum bor ets and Gasteria
maculata. (Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.)
ace Lapaixii. (M. K. 1896, 27.) t.
garden d between Gasteri
mit ye Aloe longiari ristata.
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt.)
cs Lauchei (M. K. 1896, 27.) Si
garden hybrid betwesn Gaster
puts ‘a and G. scaberrima. (Haage k
Schmidt, Erfurt.)
oy meno- (M.K. 1896, 27.)
arden Mp of which
biari tata is one of the parents.
(Haage & Schmidt, Erfart.)
AS Quehlii.
ga hybrid between Wake A
uabulatà and G. formosa. (Haa
Schmidt, Erfurt.)
VUE Dussii, een
are 1696, 178. maran
andsome annual with Mie
called pus es and flowers. Perhap:
variety of A. spinosus. West Iiis.
(Dammann & Co., Naples.)
(M.K. 1896, 97.) G.
Amaranthus a gi SS H. 1896,
141, fI bly a variety
s melancholic with elliptic leaver
ood-red above and PAS beneath.
Distant & Co., Naples.)
, R. Br. ut T. 0.
y H
e annual or peremit
ied ad for, 9 e inet iat like flowers.
(Da nn & Co., Naples.)
Angraecum Sites Ed. André.
— cR -H. 1896, 256, f.;
O. R. 1896, 196.) A synonym of
stylosum, Rolfe. CK. B. 1895, 194).
Anthurium ncm (G.-C. oo
xix., 401. i S. ga
seedling or hybrid ; parentage not aers
(Sir Trevor Lawrence.)
yellow spadix. G. Laing &
46
Aralia a eee aureo '
Ss d . 1896, 323.)
Huren orm mers golden
atsit lea aves. (Peter Smith &
o5, Bergedorf, Germany.)
Arctostaphylos: idm m mon A. Gray.
Lu
een bush with ‘ovate
A prostrate evergr
Jenilióty leaves and short racemes of
reddish flowers. Sierra Nevada.
Artemis ia frigida, Willd. eee
18, 2 35). ‘Composite small
h, herbaceous from “a v ar decet t
thse, with e eut ae S ied leaves.
W. erica. (L.
Späth, Berlin. jJ
EG ristatum x marginale.
—Á— ir 96, 444, f. 58.) Filices.
Dave enport,
Medford, Mass., U.S.A.)
idium simulatum, Davenport.
“and F. 1896, 484, £69. H.
A.
cies
Which | it jibl in kiadi charact
chiefly in its ih stipe, in- in-
trorse lower pinne, larger sori and less
e
. Davenport, Medford, Mass., USA.)
Asplenium Herbstii. (G. C. il ;
. 470.) Filices. H. “ Fronds very
oliaceous an bright pragia
colour.” Origin not stated, (H; B.
May.)
ilmorini, n e Boo.
= "Compos
markable for its wida riam
oe heads vidis ray-florets of a erai rium
Aster
1896,
either solita in pairs at the
~= of a long naked stalk. We iden
China. (M. Maurice de Vilmorin,
France.)
Astragalus anus — T
B. 1896, 18 det n
nnial wi silvery eaves aa "o
ray-violet flo e Nearly related to
cretaceus, ozytropifolius and
eriopigi us. Asia Min (Be rlin
B. G.)
Baccharis trimera, DC. S H. 1896,
152, ff., 50-2.) Com mpos
t
Flo viet heads inconspieuous.
Argentina (Ed. André, France.)
nia acerifolia. rot Cat. 1896,
E e NC em. oA n hybrid
uvis Burkei and gw Qr.
Veitch & Sons.) [There is a species
Ecuador
"Begonia carminata. (Veitch. Cat.
1896, 2.) G. A garden hybrid between
B. coccinea and B Dreget. (J. Veitch
)
called acerifolia, H. B. K., native of
-]
odoratissima, Lemoine,
1896, ok A race of
tuberous food Begonias with fragrant
flow (V. Lemoine & Son , Nancy.)
pA
-— Rex x decora, Ph
1896, 267, f. 123.) A series of
h ybrids raised from the ivo “pants
above- Mento ned is described. (MM.
Cappe, France.)
e eras —— Hook f.
A remarkable
vi
white flowers with a few female
and bisexual ones. Brazil. (F.- Sander
& Co.)
Berberis pruinosa, Franchet. = and
F. 1896, 67.) Berberidee.
warf shrub “the new growth, the anie
side - the Temi and the —
berries being ure white, and the
fomai sulphur yellow? Yunnan
Bertonerila. (Lind. Cat. mu 6, 7, ff.)
re here describ red. (L^ Hor-
tieulture pennis Tous 1s.)
Billbergia Binoti, R. Gérard. (J. H. F.
1896, 7 2 Bromeliacee. S. A species
eciosa, Thunb. Leaves in a
Organ Moeta Brazil. (Lyons B. G.)
* Bocconia microcarpa, Mariae ume
1896, L., 197.) Papavera A
handsome species attaining ‘the p
of 9 The inflorescen
mand panii, x unlike the Veto
tian Sumach, N. Ch Kew.)
Brodiea ixioides erecta. (Gard.
1896, xlix. 454.) Liliacee. A for p
with large trusses of bright yello
flowers. (Wallace & Son.)
Brodiea Orcuttii, Baker. (G.
C.
je EX ue f. 40.) H. A bulb
s of 5-15 bright lilae
an e ier Breweri, A. wigs ee
1896, 19.) Ericacee.
charming dwarf e aea E m
erowded narrow leave
cemes of purple-red Hed California.
Rolfe.
-
p
a Br a ater Internationale, Brus-
Is.)
KD, 1096. d lon, — Rolfe.
1896, 45. new species
ith ovoid Bes iobotis 4 an inch long,
ver a foot 1 d flowers in
across ce light S acu: with a. red-
purplelip. Fiji. (Kew)
Exc Serie Wendl.
(G. C. 1896, xix., —
new species allied to B.
ditulare, Mese it resembles in pseudo-
bulbs, lea and flowers, but th
only "half a s large. The flowers re
yellowish green with brown stripes, the
lip purple. Saranga Island. (Herren-
hausen
SN IPIE, "tremulum, Wight.
(G 896, xix., 593.) G. Pře udo-
Vnde subglobose, leaf san Dium
2 in. ME E aceme 6 in
fringed with long hairs. Nilghiri Hills.
C. J. Lucas.)
OCA i bicolor, C. H. Wright.
cat 22, 223.) mtt
Bra.
for dye purposes. South America.
(Kew.)
Calanthe albata. (G. C. 1896, xx.,
602.) Orchidex. $. den hy-
brid between C. BAA in and C.
Cooksoni. (F. Sander & Co.)
Calanthe Cooksonii. (Sand. Cat.
1896,3. S. A garden hybrid with
white flowers; parentage not stated.
(F. Sander & Co.)
x om. nitidus, Dougl. uem
;11.) Liliacee. H. -
uem mauve in colou r A a
mue T edd and a bloteh of EVA blue
n eae ent ; rded at the base.
California. a. (Wallace & Son)
hinensis. Seta
a ula balc
; , L., 217.) Campanulaceæ.
A garden hybrid between C. fragilis
47
and C. isophylla alba. (Balehin. &
Sons.)
*Campanula regina, Albof. (G. C.
1896, xix., 648.) [This is c. mirabilis, _
Alboff. ]
Carrieria calycina, Franch. (R
1896, 497, f. 170.) Bixines. H. ro
ua attaining a height of about 50 ft.,
the general aspect of Zdesia poly- w—
i but with woody ca
China. (Paris B. G.)
Catasetum ce G. Beck.
4
CW.. G.. 1896, 494, t. 4. idem.
a ce and sepals whitish or bright
ip gre white, carmine-
coloured i me One of the
of the Safat
hybrid °C. dilexi; Cogn.
*Catasetum splendens, € Cogn.
1896, tt. 502-3.) S. number of
forms of this natural a ae figur
in = main work under oam m
names , macroca
TOS albe-p purpureum
CL’ Horticulture Internationale, Brus- -
sels.)
H. 1896, 91,t. 54.) S.
A form wes nid flowers Menu
(L/Horti
Catasetum splendens aureo-macu-
m. (4
with rich red
Taata rien
Cattleya bicolor Lewisii. (G. C.
s ih E aw Orchidee. G. A
ety wi rald green sepals and
petals a white ip, stained with deep
purple. (E. Ashworth.)
Cattleya granulosa Banneri. (O. R.
1896, 244.) G. A variety with the
p
across. (s. Ban
ttleya intermedio - Loddigesii
ux 7 MT xix., 593.) G. Asup-
P
species indieated in the name,
W. Rothschild.)
Cattleya i intermedio-flava, (R. H.
1896, 549.) G. A garden hybrid be-
tween Cattleya intermedia and Laelia
flava. (M. L. Fournier, Marseilles.)
wee ae (G. C. 1896,
A garden hybrid be-
a G-A inerencama and C. Mossie.
(R. LB. Whi
lr eit demanniana Ernstii.
1896, pU 655.) Flowers oo
K richer in colour than those of the
type. (H.S. Leon.)
48
ere Mathonis, x Lind. (L. Bot. Gard.) [This is Apes to be
osed Natural identical with C. robustum, Rolfe. }
bybra between c MA C.
uddem na. (L. Linden Å" Co., | Cirsium tenore , Hort. - (W. G.
Movitebeck; Belgium.) 1896, 76, ff. 6,7.) mpo ositae A
j biennial, darin ng firs t year with leaves
Cattleya maxima floribunda. (L. extremely like those of Chamaepeuce
1896, t. 506.) A fine form with bright diacantha. The second year the flowe
Mou owers, lip crimson purple ing stems develop to a height of 42 ft.
: erisped edges margined with white. and bear numerous large beautiful red
ci "iore iure Internationale, Brus- flower-heads, Origin not stated. (V
ls.) Masek, Bohemia.)
Sand.
; onthe n m €— ie the Clematis Amos Britton. (G. an
edd size and rich colour of the flowers. x -— iu Redi of e PIE heels J
EE 20170.) dark violet- -purple, except at the acut
E su er-Forbesi. G. C. 1896, reflexed yellow tips. Alleghany Moun-
—— x arden hybrid between ains. pr pel C. S. Sargent, Brook-
C. gt oe C. Forbes (J. th Mass., U.S.A.)
Cypher. i
«a Create S Robinson. (G.
Cattleya Trian im. E 1896, tt. 530-1.) 896, 255, f. 36.) H. “This J
ri rieties are figur red an HAIEKIN aetas of the Flammula
Aprite; Triei vagal, dulcis, am- enel resembles in habit and foliage
_ plissima, superba, ardens, splendens widely distributed au iable
. majestica. E Tinde n & Co., Mo fte- ligustieifolia." N. West. United States.
beek, Belgium *& 1 ba f
= e D onrians. (Sand. Cat.
Cattleya Triang atrata. (J.O.1896, |- 6.) hidee, G. Described
40.) _A form CN large flowers ; sepals i š * "free Sper and distinet species,
rose, the rounded the flowers being coloured aan
Enpre ihi inai (E Horticualtur "orange, and white, and born long
Internationale, Brussels.) Miele ee Habitat not ata: (F.
*Celmisia a Munroi, om t : (B. M. rg mati
t. 7496.) mposite. ole plant celo ana, Kranzl.
except the upper surface of the leaves e EE Is s Ie rhachis species allied
and florets, clothed with a snow-white . carnea, vé differing in having
T hile 2 short, more ean leaf to a bulb, in the form
cro with a thick mass of erec of the lip and in. the inflo-
recurved linear-lanceolate leaves. Seapes rescence. New Guinea. (Berlin, B. G.)
erect, one-flowered. Head one to two
and a half inches across, disc-florets AA Lind. & Co :
golden yellow, ray-florets white. New e MT. 532, Sepals e
Zealand. (J. Veitch & Sons.) -— a "eather greenish-yellow “tinge
with lip - 3-
Chamedorea gratissima, L. Lind. purplish. or Min mof fel Conf
(Lind. Cat. 1896, 13.) Palm 8. ticulture Tote oe nM Brusse
Deseribed as an elegant : Mm Aud bud
habit with large e leaves resemb ing those elo e virgin alis, Le Lind,— (G.
of C. Versehaffelti. Habitat an given. C ey See) s. x provisional
(L'Hortieulture Internationale, Brus- name Pais n imported plant described as
els.) having "em white Hower in ase way w
` C. cristata, and deliciously fragran
*Chirita hamosa, C. D. Clarke. (it. Habitat not recorde e Ho yi. Hees
H. 1896, 184, t.) Gesneracem. 5. Internationale, Brussels.)
w duncle
ate to the leaf-stalk. Flowers lilac *Coffea „stenophylla, G: Don. (B. M.
m showy. , India. (J. Sallier, Paris.) 75.) acer, S. * An inte-
: seth plant; one of the two vA
-— Zw x: talum graveolens; Bailey. West African species which, in point of
1
896, 308.) Orchideze A commercial valne, may a a for-
ere flowered species with leaves 12 in. ——— rival of the Arabian.” Sierra ,
bye 5 ee scapes 6 in. high, raceme 7 in. Leone. (Kew.) é
, composed of about 13 strongly- ce Ichi b dli: ,
à à lito owe ellowish-green speckled | * - = icum byzantin P
x red, lip — h-bro epe béigiag to (Gfl. 1896, Magen X diaecas nf
with
deep purple. New indic: "Brisbane | re Tan dsome variety with flowers as
49
large as those of C. speciosum. Asia »
. (Kew.)
Minor
Colchicum fascicularis, L. (Gard.
1896, xlix., 89.) H. The foliage and
ers of this species appear together,
the latter being crocus-like in M and
pink and white in colour. Gree CT.
y)
Smith, Newr
Coleus o icatus Rondinella. (G/.
1896, 3 62.) fiabiate. G. E
bushy pes dioe plant about 8
me dee fleshy Jeaves and racemes ‘of
é flowers. Abyssinia. —
^s "Cois Naple 8.)
Nise Meet ege Bh D. G
49.) Le ose. species
or Asia Minor. (L. Späth, Berlin.)
CUM. a) E japonica, s. done
small unde with eem ; branches,
ovate lanceolate "deck green leaves and
ur erect terminal spikes of small yellow
flowers wi long exserted stamens.
Japan. (Arnold Arboretum.)
*Coriaria de rerit A. Gray. (B. M.
7509 oriariez. e most
interesting feature of this Coriaria is the
: and
sae being black or
Japan. (Arnold Arboret
Cornus T Rosenthali. r D. G.
1897.) A form with vari
—_ gation similar té: C. Spaethii. CH.
Albern, Viériss: )
paces A he ae ee s cim (GA
QU 189 H. A Himalayan species
nearly allied to C. macrophylla, Wall.
*Coronilla ^ cappadocica,
Gard. 1896, L., 117. e
ees
m.)
Flowers E: My in numero
cemes. ia Min (E. Whi ttall,
ce
tering in the narrow,
pyramid-formed, red not yellow es:
Sierra Nevada. (Ernest rar
Erfurt.)
Crassula aloides, N. Br. (K. B.
- 161.) Crassulac S. A new
ies with the appearance sean be an Aloe.
leaves a green, omen a foot or
long, 2 in. wide at th
flower-scape is 3-4 ft. high (scam ‘
ory 18 in. across of small pale
yellow flowers. Transvaal. (Kew.)
the same pa (H. Lesemann,
a.)
Vienn
Cucurbita So toe aes wi (R. H.
7.) Cucur-
biti
white and Do
Uruguay. (Ed. Las, France.)
se ome coe ee compacti, i
H. 1896, 8, f. 1.) Coni-
A form differing from
in iii “em, compact, pyra-
(M. Allard, Angers.)
Es P
the type
midal habit.
Cymbidium Lowio - eburneum
E 6G. 1806; xit; 337. Orchidee.
hybrid between the onem
The
n the nam e
ross (eburneo-lowianum m) as en
bs Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons in 1889.
ium Argo-Stonei. (G. C.
pA xx., 554.) Orchidem. A garden
hyb rid between the two ses indicated
by the name. (N. C.
Cypripedium Chapmani. (G. C.!
yw Vos bere emer hybrid beeen
C. atis ia C. bellatulum. (N. C
Cook
Cypripedium concolor var. longi-
spre , Rolfe. (O. R.1896, 54.) A
variety with petals 2} in. long. (R. B.
White
Cypripeds win goultenianum. (Sand.
1896, 23.) <A garden oe
between C. en and C. callosum
CF. Sander )
C ripe e n Wall. (L. 1896,
XP The eM varieties are,
figu a in san san par :
moortebeek
dem lici n, €. po canet nä-
n. (L’ Hort atiko: ' Iñternationalè,
Dros 8.
Luciani.
o 505; insiene 1896, 11, t. s
rm with yellow lip 'and m 3
upper sepals broadly margined
white. nas areca DN os
Brussel AJ
Cre Ee ind Menos ianum var.
eu s e I)
ch gree
Go Hovietiinre iter:
nationale, Brussels. )
ipedium Lawrenceo Regnieri.
CZ. t. 504.) A garden hybrid between
the two €: indieated by the name
s)
(M. Bleu, Pari
Ec palatinum. (W. G.
105.) A garden hybrid between
. spicerianum and C. harrisianum.
Cypripedium Regins. (G. C. 1896,
v D) A garden hybrid between
C leeanum and C. fatricanum. (J.
Veitch & Sons.)
ripedium regnaldianum. (Sand
A tes 96, 24 ^ aa garden hybrid
een C. insigne est: C. callosu
E. ani & Co.)
ore ium rothwellianum. (G. C.
189 i 310.) A garden A
C. Stonei and C. Argu
(s Sander & Co.)
Cypripedium Sanders, Sander. (G.
and F. 1896, 144. A A provisional ——
for an importe descri as
havi E doo sepa
mson, yellow gree
broad "petals coloured yae and red
and a long narrow. yellow pouch.
Habitat not stated. (F. Sander & Co.)
n,
>
kie vis schofieldianum. (G. M.
us 283 = A garden hybrid between
bellatulum. and C. hirsutissimum.
G. W. Schofield.)
Cypripedium Symond (O. R.
Roe 16.) A Enden d eid probably
between & ep a C. purpura-
tum. (H. J. Ross, Florence.)
Cypripedium, os Truffautii
G.: C 6, Xk Leaves
04.
broader ind. sever arger than in the
type. (M. A. Truffaut, Versailles.)
eer rave a cert er a gees
Cat. 1896, 57.)
egi an sdditonal um for the
type. uth Africa. (F. Sander &
but smaller, with
and petals "and the
brown blotches and a Ded anterior.
Brazil. (F. Sander & Co.)
g atem
nt labres
Bx. £D. G. 1895. 35) paeem H.
small bush with bright T det fiowers
50
produced in May.. Mountains of Upper
Italy. CL. Späth, Berlin.)
Davallia truffautiana, (G. M.1
f) Filices, * A particu tary
rat and distinct species with large
ng ionda a EARN of wbich
under surfac like the
ed 5s (L'Horticülture Talea,
Brussels.)
at 6 eae E hae Gand. X.
321 8.)
and shorty atalked heads
the of a pea, of a right red colour,
East pm (Paris B. G.)
ri um tatsiensis, Franch. (W.
27.) Ranunculacee. H.
species about 2 ft. in height with cobalt-
lue flowers. Kii (Vilmorin, An-
drieux, & Co., Paris.)
pem me a Reichb. d
(Ge C. 1896, xx; 7, f. Orchid
G d rf 8
Dendro bitin chore (G: €.
1896, eta Bt! À Allied ww D.
mäerop ; flowers greenish with a
few purple aire on the lip. Australia.
GE Low & Co .)
rn Curtisii. (Sand. Cat.
. A garden sine
aureum and D. Cas.
berws een D.
CF. Sander & Co.)
Dendrobium pleas ae C.
1896, xix., "t€ Allied to
used; ; 8 linear-lanceolate, 6
in. long; 5 capes 9 in. erect, many
flow ; flowers 2 in. across ; sepals
and p arrow ereamy-white ; lip
small white with purple markings.
Java. (Sir Trevor Lawrence.
M ROLES holmegisnan,
1 al xix,401. G. A gar T: iria
betw ipe Mens and D, schnei
deviating (F. Hardy.)
Dendrobium jennyanum E ua
(G. C. 1896, xx., 329.) Q. A ne
species allied t o D. undulatum om
which it differs i br the size of the plant
an LJ
segments and a broad oer: lip.
he eves, is yellowish o
nside. varnished. " a:
e Jor. Zurich.)
penu : fine garden
comm foxglove, D. pure red.
51
"Dendrobium quadrilobum, sche
fee: B. 1896, 44.) s new spec
oe dfesilns
pse
inch across, coloured whitish-green.
? New Guinea. (Kew.)
v Fg thyrsiflorum Lowii.
1896, xix., 593.) Flowers
S reet Lan lip narrow, dum shfped
and streaked with yellow (Baron
Schroéder.)
Dendrobium „Wiganiæ. ear C. 1896,
» 337, A garden
hybrid Ls Srna P signatum and D.
nobile. (Sir F. Wigan
ET A mala ayan, Hook. f.
xs 6, XX; . 94; B.
t ey : ain acee. S
-6 in. high, each bearing two to four
vds which are dua d like thos E
Streptocarpus Rexi P sut
primrose yellow oloi: Pii d.
Veitch & Sons.)
Digitalis pes (G. am
163.) Scrophalarinee. H.. Thi
race of
Wit
morin, S Ad & Co.
Dioscorea | Fargesii, Franchet. (R, H.
o 40.) A
nonis with
botanieal characters approach
ose of JD. pentaphylla. Western
China. (M. Maurice de Vilmorin
«A as ce € (G. C.
52.) Apo cem. S. 4j
n ee
o flowers 3 in. long
and wide, rose-co oloured. Brazil. (F.
Sander & Co.)
Disa D ulchra, ML Cu. c. 1896,
B. Africa.
n. W. Rothschild
*Dischidia hirsuta, (G. C.
1896, xx., 2) Njae: S. A
r climber with orbicular fleshy
eed x in. and axill
cl small red tubular flowers.
India, ac Eom (Kew.)
U 90558.
Dracena Me ee Sander. (G. C.
1896, xx., 666, 15.) - Liliacece.
Leave in E
margined and striped with white; stem
short in diameter.
1
“South Sea Islands.” (F. Sander &
i Od
pras Rigoutsi. au. 1896,
4 50.) A sg seedling
d from Cor dyline australis.
Pann Belgium.)
UE systyla, Tor. (M.D. G.
ydrophyllaces. H.-H.-
1896, 20.)
dwarf sub- shrub with long- ee gs
orale hairy leaves and es of brigh
let ie Pw, California.
(Darmstadt B. G.)
Echeveria ^ Purpusi, pii cg
(Gfl. 1896, vo Ps 7 6G C.
EX. DUM & $-) See Cisne
Purpusii.
HORARUM ner var. Mebbesii,
CN. 1896, 406, f.)
G: ering from
the type in its fenteolosred flowers.
Echinocereus phæniceus var. in-
i K. Schum. (M. K. 1896,
the in having spines.
Colorado. (L. Spaetb, Rixdorf-
Berlin.)
Epidendrum atrorubens, Rolfe.
(K. B. 1896, 46.) . Orchideæ.- G.
new species allied to E. plicatum.
ee Se P Lr 8 in. long g panice
se, flow an inch across, Ted-
pt rple.
Me 0.
ternationale, Trasee
ser riam elegantulum:
131€4-9601; ^X. Oye a wee
cross between E. Endresio-Wallisii
and E. Wallisii. d. xi & Sons.)
Epidendrum xipheroides, clase
(G. C. 1896, xxi, 63.) new
species with large re Frei a
bulbs, each bea 257 y two leaves which
are Tear, thick, 8 in. ong, j in. wide;
raceme slender, few flowered ; ‘Sepals
and petals D m
enc with a
azi. (F. Sander & Co.)
(L 'ortieultare ine
s.)
*Eria biflora, Griff. ji. R. 1896, 400
rchidee. G. Plan in. high
two-flowered racemes ar whitish- tryellow
flowers. India. (H.J. Elwes
a MN, Bolle (K. B. 1896,
A
speci ft
habi ithon . Dsendbbulbs ; leaves
long, fl very small, white,
jou and gaie. Hainan. (Kew.)
AS
52
tS (Gard, 1898 var. mollis, A. = giv (oA Interna-
1896, xlix., 81.) Com- ionale, Sense ls.)
osi H. Apu ubescent. variety with
p rose-coloured flowers. Colorado. . Geaphila picta, Rolfe. Xn B. 1896,
18.) Rubiacee. S.
mall en
— A trate plant with ia o wong lea
Eg orig te, Cun 2r p s DE
hybrid between E. aurantiacus a mall, white in derit cma
Villarsi. (Haage & Schmidt, hut) British Guiana. (F. Sander & Co.)
Er cow PR CUM tee ax HEN. a Se ey ge Bip. Sango
24, t ar xix mposi
Leguminose. G. The solitary tree This ' species bears white ee
which has been named as above exists 1} inches in width, on scapes 1 ft.
in aa garden of M. A. Constant, Golfe height. Leaves, inverted, feirceolate
Juan, Alpes Maritimes. It is about with long stalks. S. Africa. (Cam-
oo. "high with atrunk 4 ft. in diameter bridge B. G.)
atthebase. Bra nches and Em n er ‘
with persistent 2 nes. Rac of *Geum rcrum ue (J. 4 T reget
ves row i iti ie of tary to- ae "vari Hey dt of. E wokloadt ih |
e extremities of the branches. :
The spacial is a near ally of E. caffra. deep orange red flowers. Greece.
Origin unknown. eee: WEN Car. rosea, it
"Erythronium Johnsoni To. - 508
C. 1896, xix. 548, 83.) form w s and petals bright rose-
Tee „yello Unite
SS H. A disti — species, - purple E mall p n eai i
<a (Hors culture Interna-
ls.)
h
the outside and a zone of A pink st ü ia B
the base. Southern Oregon. (Wallace set eles
Gongora began noue s a: (G. C.
"Eucharis elmetana, (Sand. Cat. | quoi to G. portentosa. Pusudobulbs
gar- .
den hybrid between E. Sanderi and E. vnm tn - ; longs d cont “semi!
grandiflora. (H. Kitson.) | flowers Tuoi bi - coloured
Eulophiella peetersiana. (G.and F. Ver uade amené ?
i a pect bei as haul, | Gutierrezia Euthamiæ, Torr. & Gra
pecies, escribed as having 1896, 26.) Com osites H.
large rose-coloured flowers g | :
temen spikes. The rhizomes are thin A suffruticose plant with — »
iem ras T yellowish-white; the |
.in diameter at the base. | sem
m i e me á Be > (F. Sander & Co.) | United States. (L. Späth, Berlin. ens
Habenaria a west Hook.f. (B
*Fraxinus anomala, Torrey. (M. D. | t. 7478. tidem. G. This fat
£1896, 26.) Oleacee. H. A small |
pz with leaves most reduced to a | f mcm vary AE H. T rer
—— — —— | hairy mim with much m am division,
Rennen | long lobes of the lip, and spur-like
"T ‘ | Nilghiri >
Fritillaria Bornmülleri, Hausskn. | Gee Seay ilghiri Hills
(Gard. 1896, xlix., 282.) ——— eie
As species allied to T. aurea, and like | Baker.
„~ that species, with golden-yellow flowers. | Haworthia Ses. zn hio phy, om
(Barr & Son.)
"Fritillana „nobilis, — (B. M.
00.) [Ab correct name
: “plant ph W New Garden
| Giton A mH setata by its RUP
|
|
|
1895 under the name of | Helleborus caucasicus
s.]
|
thinner onvali; and from H. arachnoidea
by the leaves not being at all pellucid
orlineate. Cape Colony. (Kew.)
of nigri
F. yis yana affinis cans. (Gn. 1896, — Ranimculaton
Seonoma siesmayeriana, L. Lind
i d. Cat. 1896, 17.) Palme. S.
DBoicribel s as a species of ai “ae
with glaucous green leaves which a
e with
rm differi
its large "blidst-Blhe fovet ed
Froebel, Zurich.)
1896, 334, f. 32.) x am
Heuchera sanguinea alba. "ux
tin red when oni Habitat H. AD
form differing from the type in having
pure white flowers. (Haage & Schmidt,
Erfurt.)
cach E ye and F. 1896,
24.) Malvaceæ. G. A garden hybrid
chi-
betw een H.
zopetalus.
p eieh a, s and H. s
K
(Kew
Hippeastrum muesserianum,
ind. (Jil. H. 1896, 376, t. 135
Amaryllideze
nts narrow,
egmen
salmon-colour tinted s= rose appar-
ently near
Brusse
ly allie
ied H. aulicu
Brazil. CHtorientare füxe/kattomite;
ls.
rentum jamaicense; Rolfe.
O. R. 1896, 204.) Orchideæ S.-A
s al ied to Tetramicra, re-
edi
461. Janata.
— cle K. Sehum. (M.
f.) Asclepiadee. 8.
s
red inside, emerald green outside. New
Gui
Idria columnaria SSE meet i N.
1896, i., 113.) Tamaris
uri
A
fornia. (Paris B. G.)
*Iris albopurpurea, Baker.
t. 7511.)
(B. M.
Iridec. H. The ariel
ly of this species is 7. hexagon
purple.
a
uthern United States.
hich it differs ving
segments erect inita ad of horizontally
reading. Flow ith
wers white, spotted wi
Hausskn. (Gard. 1896,
belongi
65.) . A species
Oncocyclus group, bearing white
a e
(Max Leichtlin, Baden Baden. )
Iris Lo
Lortetii alba. (W. 1896,
187.) H-H: A form tiring from
owers,
the type in its pure whi
ae. s.)
Dees mann
& Co., Naples
53
Isoloma EXC S. Wats. (G.
A. oh ae 496.) "Gesneracec. G.
Ste mbent, pu n) DN
Epeng taeae 1-3 in. ong ;
in umbels, corolla an inch long, eet
Mexico. (Harvar rd B.G.)
Juniperus M Ue reptans, (M.
GZ 1896, Ph 6.
96,
E Conifer $3 prostrato e me
of value for taokete, wes re en
Juniperus virginiana turicensis.
(Gl. 1896, 162.) H. A form of com-
pact, pyramidal 1 habit, and with bluish
gray leaves. (Otto Froebel, Zurich.)
"Kendriekia, Walkeri Thw. (G.C.
1896, xx., 394.) Melastom omaceæ. S.
Described as one Bt the most beautiful
of Ceylon plants. It is a climber with
creeping ivy-like stems, ovate fleshy
grey-green leaves and terminal umbels
in large bright red flowers. Ceylon.
(Kew.)
Lelia anceps protherodsns, (G. C.
rchides. G. Sepa di
and. peta p h e» M base, the rest
bright rose-purple; lip yellow with
purple lines an = a crimson-purple front
- (J. Broome.)
Laelia, autumnalis Fournieri
ré. (R. H. 1896, 547, D D»
jor red dark coloured vari ty.” OMS
Faurnict, Marseilles.)
Laelia pumila delicata. (G. C. 1
, A71. variety with nearly vas
White flowers. (F. Sander & Co.)
Laelia purpurata ashworthiana.
(G. C. 1896, xx., 39, f. 10.) -A varie
with broad petals coloured ote rose
and striped with white. (E. Ashworth.)
Laelia ME ae rpurata Lewisii (G. C.
1896, Xix., 655.) Flowers wholly white,
a few es of lilac-pink on
the lip. (W. L. Lewis & Co.
Laelia pu urata, vars. (Lind. Cat.
MM 7-52.) A. number of varieties
re here described under such names
peine formosa, lobata, &c. (Horti.
culture Internationale, Brussels.)
Laelio-cattleya puris slainia. (O. R
1896, 39.) Orchide G. gar
hybrid between Lindi harpophylla amt
orem n Prinzii, (A. Van Imschoot,
t.)
Laelio cattloya Er rye der ur (G.
7. 1896, xix. A garden
hybrid between peed ina and
Te p lawrenciana. (J. Chamber-
. Laelio - cattleya opem: —
(G: C. 1896, Xx., A gard
hybrid between de pedis indicated i in
the name. (M. Fournier, Marseilles.)
— a a PNE na. CL. 1896,
G. rà A gard E prd. (L’ Horti-
octal A A Tersin s.)
— — Rolfe.( K. B. e
Orchi G. A new spec
sal i in all "" Thes; the leaves delante
the flowers pale green. Brazil.
dis Sander & Co.)
Larix — var. ee Gates Maxim.
CM. D. G. 1896, 2 Conifere. H.
A Lare
fro with
luish- tiem leaves. (L: kurilensis,
C may be the same as this.) [L.
Späth, Berlin
Merci insularis. hy x x pd
Ac
ewe oT
ulosum, Nutt. (M. vé
Eri
L. Saltaire
)
L. latifolium and
in its larger ovate leaves; which are not
abe but dotted underneath with im-
essed glands. Sierra Nevada. (Kew.)
Ee Born. uechtritzianum,
Bornm. (Gard. 1896, L., 238.)
rostrate wi ely-
spreading herbaceous plant with white
foerit: Bulgaria. (Kew.)
Libocedrus decurrens auroo-y varie
gata. CM. D. G. 53.) Con
"s Mem I golden varie-
gated Reu & Co.,
Derien German x1
xs var E" = T.O ros
t. p» Lilia arlet
vs S with d m leave
a Ne arly “allied to or perhaps identical
with . China. (Florence
B Gy
WR Baronr ds. sAr O.
.) H. A scarlet-
ily with linear leaves nearly
5 ina
Clones
Lilium szechnense, Hort. (G. C. 1
xix. 372.) A species ae large bright
ed flowers allied to L. Mazximow
Pn i sutchuenense ETE is Socect
name of shia plant J
J
54
*Linospadix Micholitzii
(Sand. Cat. 1896, 50. Palm
Described in the TI s CEPR ide
ii 2, by Mr. Ridley, of
eos
we roadening upwards, ending in a
of TORE ciate points.” New Guinea.
(r. ; Barder & Co 5
Lonicera hirsuta x Sullivantii. (G.
and F. 1896, 845, f. 46.) Te aii
m ah
H, A garden hybrid. (Arnold Ar.
boretum.)
"Lowia longiflora, Scort. = = _ 1896,
x4 652, f. 111.) Scitamine
dte ess pant with ved [eaves 3 -
long, and one flowered scapes a. foo
ng. Fl in. across. bipodi
of three Enear-laneéolate spreading
olive-coloured sepals and aller
linear purplish petals tufted at the apex,
the third petal being eee lanciato,
like, and pure white. erak. (W.
)
Maclura aurantiaca inermis.
Ed. IS. CLE. P. 1896, “835 f. 102
Urtica: form wit
leaves Thad the type, and with qui
Cdi branches. (M. Guy, Béré,
France.)
*Macrotomia cephalotes, A. DC.
Gf. 1 d 173.) Boraginee. H. A
handsome perennial with silvery leaves
and -— golden yellow flowers. Asia
Min (Kew.)
MENTIS „heeseana, McDowell. (M.
Cac G
K. 1896 25.) his has
the Nic pi of. y species of
yet discovered. Plant de-
se,
Soft white
weak euh sued s when old. Flowers
Texie
carmine-red.
Maranta c se M C.
529.) Scitami S.
3 ft. high with pm long p
tot gez leaf-blades.
kno (J. Veitch & Sons
Masdevallia Curlei. od ot 1896, xix.,
40.) Orchidee. A gard n hybrid be-
tween JM. macrura and M. tovarensis.
(A. Curle.)
1896, fes 5
de:
Fiowe es
5.)
*Massonia ^ jasminiflora, Baker.
7465.) T4lasen.. ”G. This
CB. M. t
plant. er — x at the beginning
celebrated
of tury the
p Borchel ut up till now it has
only been known from a single apee
or
dried from his garden at Fulham in
1818, taner preserved in the Kew Her-
barium. Leaves two to a bulb, La ee
on a surface of the gro und. Um
of white green tipped A lowers sessile in in
the centre of the two leaves. Orang
Free State. (Kew.)
Maxillaria
p grandiflora,
recs E COCOS Or-
18 ee XX; Aore
hideæ. G. A variety larger
vore than the type, ‘white wath purple
lines. (F. Sander & Co.)
MN (ate o LAU Fisch. &
CGJ. 1896, 173.) Campanulaceg.
nd
ia a
t and bearing large
numbers of white Mar Lily-like
flowers. Radical er oágenalics ed.
Asia Minor. (Kew.)
Miltonia bleuiana aurea. (G. C.
1896, xix., 337.) Orchidee. G. ‘Dif-
fers from other forms of this hybrid in
having clear a ellow markings at the
b of lip. - (A: ^A. Peeters,
Brussels.)
Morus alba aurea. sad D. G. 1896,
2.) Urticacee. H. A form with golden
yellow jefe and “Pe (T. Rothe,
Odessa.)
Morus nigra globosa. (M. D. G.
1896,2.) H. A form of perfectly hemi-
spherical habit. (T. Rothe, Odessa.)
Narcissus p anaras x albicans.
r3 1896, xxxix., 164. f.) Amaryl-
Ho A mei hybrid. (G. H.
agebett )
"rs rr, 23 MÀ
"y
ei, Blume.
Nepenthace
een i- oMámsedlate pa
crimson pitche a 2 in. lon
specimens have leans 12 in. long and
pitchers 8 in. Seychelles. (Kew.)
est cristatum, Rolfe.
B. 1896, 194.) Orchidee. S. A
new. s 8, cordifolium ;
TUE 1 vate, bs T "m scape
10 in. long, few-flowe ; flowers 3 in
wide, peer v tí parie Tod. "ip white
in front. Hong Kong. (Kew )
Nympheza andreana. (Gard. 1896, L.,
325.) ympheacee. garden
brid or seedling sport. Leaves 8 in
across, slightly spotted with one
Flowers shaped, 5 in
wide,
red. (Latour-Marliac, riab Tet,
France.)
Nymp
hea stellata gastoniensis
(G.and F. 1896, 474,
[580 - Bea A
5
5
seedling variety with numerous Lroad
deep blue petals. (O. Ames, Mass.)
Oberonia Myosurus, Lind. (O. R.
1896, 3.) Or vie G. A small
species with terete, fleshy leaves écvered
with minute sina Spike cy MAE
all
| flowers buff-coloured.
| (H. Low & Co.)
Odontoglossum andersonianum
a Nó R. 1896, 106:) Or-
variety with narrow
edv and ori root bright ER
ete with red-brown. (ff.
Co.)
Kit-
1896, xix.,
0d MEAE a enirn ec
ed
white, tinged with eet riae spotted
with red-brown. (J. H. Kitson.)
Odontoglossum concinnum. (G. C.
1896, xix., 467.) A su natural
hybrid with Egen gmt flowers blotched
and s with brown. si Horticul-
ture anai. Baw
yee m crispum ashworthi-
(G. t 1896, xix., 196, f. 26 ;
Da c 52 -) "lowers of the largest
size covered e y a a of. rose and
rose-purple." (E. Ashw
MC. 600, t PE
È: R. 1896, n Ino
large vinous red
meaa * Dallomague & Co., Ram-
bouillet, France
Odont oglossum ¢ crispum Mercer (L.
1896, t. 118. wes with a large
bloo
d-red blo the sepals and
ameet (L' rarius Juterte,
Brussels.)
Odontoglossum ie ier itr atum.
(L. 1896, t. 521. A form with
-—
with vinous purple. — (L'Hortieulture
Titesasdittnde; Brussels.)
ete crispum Meleagris.
520.) G. A fine form
vis p TM um -lilac sepals and
peta a7 white towards the
cie large, re hite, orange yellow
in centre, Pith irregular red spots. (D
ieulture Internationale, Brussels.)
Odontoglossum rU T
sul-
fureum, Rolfe. R. 1896, po G.
A variety with the flowers of an uni-
form sulphur-yellow colour. (R. B.
White.)
Odontoglossum crispum venustum.
(G. C. 1896, xix., nd * The best rich
crimson-purple tched aan
sum yet ne flo owers an
(1 Horticultare DNE
Brussels s.)
Odontoglossum excellens luteolum.
(O. R. 1896, 248.) G.: <A variety with
edipi -yellow flowers without the
blotches of the type. (Baron
pataki aies
Odontoglos mm Halli x
(G. C > 1896, 67.) G. A garden
hybrid between i die two tee indicated
by the name. (N. C. Cookson
crispum.
oeil ellianum
orum .1896,t.545.) A
orm with larger yere and a more
brightly-coloured lip than the type. iT
Linden & Co., Moortebeek, Belgium
Odontoglossum
andid
luteo-purpureum
ashworthianum, O'Brien. (G. C.
1896, xx.,. 68.) . Flowers 5. in.
across, Re ure broad, reddish Unus,
with tips, broad creamy
with red-brown Eas lip
eS with a purple crest.
Colombia. y: Ashworth.)
dem a E o Hom var. Pauwelsis,
4) s
Sepals and
Odontoglossum
Zi Rest du Dae
light brown. (M. FI. Pauwels, Deurn
Odontoglossum n SEHE (L.
1896, t. 517.) ural "hybrid
near O. welche ca ers cs
with large choc - bro
(L'Hortieulture lan.
ale, Brussels.
Odon Wars 1806, 325 G. C.
HS angy e RE 1896, t. 523.) A
supposed n hybrid res i
O. on a ;
with chestnut-brown.
Sebdenatiobate, Brussels.
Odontoglossum Pa gripe UE
Lind. (L. 1896, $402 sup-
posed Ro hybrid oe O.
Pescator: and triumphans.
(L7 Hortienltare Internationale, Brus-
Is.)
(1/ Horticulture
s.)
ntoglossum varico
eee ce COL 1896, tir, TA G
Flowers Sak larger than in pie pe
(Sir F. Wigan.)
ontoglossum wilckeanum elon-
Odontogl (J. O. 1896, 40.) G A
variety of this natural hybrid with
(L’ Horticulture
Internationale, Brussels.)
9 er wilckeanum olivare.
0.) A new i
this UN ae with. large o
greenish flowers. ee In-
akanai; Brussels.)
——— — rufum.
9.) A form of this
ith "ei brown blotches.
und bybr vid wi
Brus-
tl culture Internationale,
sels.)
th nx concinna, Hook. f.
469.) Graminez. S. A dwarf
e perennial
almost imbricatiug, distichous leaves an
inch long. Costa Riea. (Kew.)
EM godseffianum, ^ Krünzl.
oe OF 1896, xix., 754.)
t 3
in. long, cylindrical,
each bearing a pair of linear-lanceolate
leaves; | flower-scape long, slgades,
branching. Hab. —? (F. Sander &
Co.)
Opuntia rhodantha, K. Schumann.
CM. D. G., 1896, 29.) Cacteæ. H.
fti has a "red corolla and filaments
and smooth ovary. Colorado. (L.
Spiith, Berlin.)
Opanus Pg ina J. W. a est
(G. and F. 1896, i t G. An
Flowers greenish-
s, bright BEA. Arizona. pesi
es Univ rsity.)
K. Schuman
untia xanthostema
ae d This ieties
(M. D. G. 1896, 29.)
s carmi e wers, dark yellow
filaments and a prickly ovary. Col
(L. Späth, Berlin.)
*Ornit hogatum Tovolntuii, MAT
(G.and F. 323.) Liliace G.
An ally of o. diode, having toy
ach
glistening white with : an is bloteh
rown.. S. Afri (Kew w.)
M udi, Cornu. T H.F.
1896, 466.) Comme
*Palisota Macla x
near ally of P. "wr im a but
57
differing in its much longer Meise
rather long stalked leaves, by the h
ks being black
and not brown, by its more woody stem,
&c. .Upper Guinea. (Paris B. G.)
— (€ galbana, M. T. Mas
1896, xx., 555, f. 97.) Passi.
io S. "An ew species with entire
aa leaves e in. C: ms o
endi sr ers
(R. Cre
Mi Vl aet secundiflorus, Benth.
(Gard. 1896, v 478.) Serophu-
H. tty species with blue
en Poet»; which "s nyse i ed with bronze
on the upper surface. Colorado. (Kew.)
*Pentstemon em A. Gray. (GA.
1896,77.) H. warf
act speci un
Em of blackish-blue flowers.
rado. (Herb & Wulle, Naples.)
Perezia sonchifolia, Baker
1896, 134, ki Compositze.
ty annual with Ree ad po
Lm white flower-heads miniature
Camellias. Uruguay. pr^ André,
France.)
Phaius M nm ers C. 1896,
34.) rchide A ga arden
hybrid between P. Mano and P. macu-
(E. Sander
R. H.
A
(B. M.
*Phaleria ambi Hook. f.
Thymetal A climb-
t. 7471.) is aces. S.
wi
scented Daphne-like flowers.
)
(Kew
Philodendron robustum, UL.
(Lind, Cat., $
D
vigour d sy emerald green le
itat ven. CL’ Horticulture
em MR Drossela 8.)
*Physurus chinensis, Rolfe. (K. B.
1896, 200.) Orchidew. A ne
with eaespitose
aoad n leaves 4 —— es and ~
Mir g nume small flow
Runa (Kew
Pittosporum eriocarpum, Royle.
(B. M.t. 7473.) Pittosporee. . G.
small tree with vae
and terminal a les of bie nc
yellow flow ya.
UT. ua, a ibe ptm
Platycerium Neitchii. hi C. 1896,
rx. 652.) Filices scribed as
^ distinct species sof vum mus growth,
frond being of unusual leathery
substance and dark green in colour."
(J. Veiteh & Sons.)
Ple — — L. Lin (Lind
Palm i
given. Horticulture en
Brussels.
Poo Rid villosa, Cogn. (J. O.1
9.) Orchidee. S. Acuri
ished with er
epathalate ay leaves aos deep Ville
purplish hai bearin
oeio fleshy. old gol-coloure flowers
m r les g red. Mada-
ines ar. " Mane. Adde, Pauillac, France.)
Potentilla dahurica x
M. D. G. 1896,49.) Rosacem. H.
A hybrid between the two species namedee
Garden origin.
fruticosa.
Potentilla micrandra, Koehne. (M.
I. G. 1890; 48) HE A low bush
about half as abe ng as P. fruti-
cosa with pinnate leaves and dark yellow
flowers. Sees
Potentilla an there Fischer. (M.
D. G.1896, 26.) H. dwarf much-
branched shrub with Sew finta
produced in July and August. Siberia.
(L. Spiith, abet roe T ei
Primula floribunda grandiflora.
E DN 113, = 9 Primulacee.
type in having
rs fro
“teh nd Somit. pc e & Sehmidt,
Erfurt.) ‘
Prunus curdica, Fritsch. (M. D. G.
1896, 6,26.) Rosacee. H.
In eee
between P, spinosa and P. insititia y
Asia Minor. E Späth, Berlin. y
t
Japan. (Arnold Arboretum.)
Ado A (G. C. 1896, xx., 470.)
G.- * Fro nds compound, ne
i Sübéfrided, t the t
erg d emp OH i not diated.
(T. Childs.)
box Drinkwateri.
G. Probably a seedling va
a P umbrosa, with fronds 2 ft. hish and
pinne # in. wide, dark green. (Messrs
troud Bros.)
(G. C. 1896, xix.,
S
^
*Pterisanthes poli G.C.
xx., 182.) s polita, Mig. (G, ciue:
with the habit of a Cissus, cordate leaves
the surface. Malaya. (Kew
Malus var. aurea, Späth. (G.
se 169, t. 1425.) Rosacee. H. A
with leaves blotched with bright
aniden yellow. (L. Späth, Berlin.)
Quercus CUTE Reichénbsehi
CM. D.
_Aeform wit th the leave ‘hats
“first opening. des Wendland, Herren-
Pd hausen, Mane
—
1896,2.) H. m of
pm "s obose habit ; a rms mise
from acorns of Q. p. fastigiata. (L.
. Frommel, Odessa T
Restrepia mangun Rolfe. (K. B.
are Ore E. B. new
x" ‘esembing = pan — but
mson flowe! e The leaves are
i clipes, 2 So long, and the pedu iwi is
hesame length. Colombia. (Charles-
sortie & "Co
Rhipsalis robusta, G. A. Lindb. (M.
. 1896, 53.) Cactexe wv. G. A South
Brazilian species with
. branches; flowers Xx near tips o
A. Lindberg, Stock-
erat teen Falconeri x niveum.
G. C. 1896, xix., 702.) Ericacem. G.
i gard en hybrid between the two species
indiented i in the name. Origin uncertain.
Rhododendron halopeanium (R. H.
cct 359, and 428, t.) H. A garden
hybrid between R. griffithianum and
arboreun. (M. Halopé, ronde
py org De aes er splen
S. 896; xix., 702.) H.
iffers Nas tree in having f flowers
-4 a rich crimson colour. (S. C. God-
n.)
roe gee ia bese (G. C. 1896,
so arden hybrid between
R. "fa aegis rs R. javanicum. (J.
Veitch & Sons.)
s succirubrum. (M. G. Z. 189
Se) Saxifrageæ. H. A hybrid be
tween R. divaricatum and R. niveum.
(H. Zabel, Gotha.)
Saccolabium pc CMM (B.B.
1896, e; Orchidex This is
Angraecum imbricatum, Lind ,
ee
ne André. Ce a 1896, 177, ff.
58-60.) Salieinee. G. A form of
stout . terete
of
58
alg habit resembling that of the
bardy Poplar. Peru, &e. (Ed.
At, France. 5
*Salvia sc ohiedeana, a (K
1896, 19.) Labiatæ. G.
EROR oes blue. toda (Kew.)
Sambucus racemoua AS pume
(M. D D. es a M
H. fo
with cem eut rem Tn res. (Do V
Holland.)
-Sarcochilus hainanensis, Rolfe. (K.
B. 1896, 199.) Orchidex. S. A new
to
len aves linear-ob 4
long; ra 3 ia. long; flowers light
yellow, sepals and petals in. lon
lip shorter. Hainan. (Kev
*Sarracenia uu (G. C. 1896,
xXx., 534. acee. <A seedling
CE. Sander
or hybrid ofi api ii cigis:
& Co.)
*Saxifraga afghanica, Aitch. & Hemsl.
(Gard. Mee xlix., 260.) Saxifragem. _/
net plant with white flowers
bel ongi m p the egasea group.
Afghanistan. (Kew
Sedum englerianum, Graebner. (JV.
B. 1896, 186.) Crassulacee.
den nsely-eaespito se
nearly allied to S. dasyphy
gypsicolum. Pyrenees. (Berlin
*Senecio multiflorus, DC. (G..C.
1896, xix., 460, ff. 67—69.) Compose
‘An ally of. the Garden
GS. eer ger gh It has a sa Yay y stem A
nched above, with nu head:
ofi lilac purple flowers lin. lin Syn
Doronicum Bou 5 B. M. . t. 4994
i cutnbae Bog.
Sidalcea malveflora Listeri. (Gard. f
1896, L., 131.) Malvaceæ. H. Av variety;
with "blush-pink flowers. (Lister.)
B. G.)
Canary Islands.
Sohralis Brandtise, Kränzl.
896, xix., 608. eo G.
new species with the habit of S. mac-
otal Prat oue marked Miam ae
spot s fro
wavy. S. Ame
Sophora platyc AM (M. D.
G. 1 sod, 37) Leguminose. H: E
habit general s
tinguishable from S. japonica,
differing marked in its fruits. Japan.
(L. Späth, Berlin.)
rica. (F. Sa
Sophro-Lelia à Marriott. a e
1896, xx x (0)
garden ye id between Sophy iatis
grandiflora and Lelia flava. (Sir W.
Mar
‘Scho eee abonensis, Cornu. z^
H. F. 1896, 467.) Pontederiacem. S.
stia nt
flow ing a pale violet colour,
Western’ Tropical Africa. “(Paris B. G.)
ogee Verdieri. (J. O. 1896,
chidez. garden hybri rid
Seen Ps caudatum Weiss and S.
Roezlii
Solanum E Hort. fini 896,
d 59.) G. str oeo ag
e owered spiny € ciam to S.
tuplosimatun Afriea. (Dammann &
Co, N
Sorbus MIDELIA rossica fructu
des ilci, ^ ger 1896, 28.) Rosa-
form of the Mountain
Aa with cdilile vais s ; introduced from
sia. (L. Späth, Berlin.)
"Sip Tanaks, Franch. &
ig PT = 505, t. pegs Rosa-
æ. eresting and pretty
P. deciduous — larger ù in ig its parts
s> n S. flexuosa. Japa (Kew.)
dd foridana, Nutt. (G. and F.
61.) Taxacee. H. “A bushy
n pt A 0 ft. t. high, with a short
E uet unk occa Sionil a foot in diameter,
and many stout, spreading branches.”
Florida. (Biltmore Arboretum.)
Thunia alba gigantea. (Sand. 0a
1896, 17.) Orchi Flow
larger than in the vt pure White, the
lip golden yellow. (F. Sander & Co.)
MOS M Sa wan eriana
D. G. 28.) Coni-
"i orm " "the merican
Arborvite with golden yellow leaves
P d whieh do not burn
(L. Spüth, Berlin.)
Thuya occidentalis Wagneri. (M. D.
371596. 928) H. A form x thick,
compact, narrow pyramidal habit. (O.
Froebel, Zurich.)
Tigridia Pavonia alba immaculata.
( d. hy xlix., 361.) Irideæ. A
e form without spots. (Van
Tend vn Haarlem.)
or ng Pavonia flava. ^ (Gard.
6, L., 22.) A distinct variety with
Sais ‘yellow flowers. (Kew.)
59
Todea ^ arborea ML og tifida.
(G. C. 1896, xix., 652.) ices. G.
A variety with finely divided fronds,
lighter in eolour and more elegant than
thetype. (J. Veiteh & Sons.)
Trichomanes Fraseri, uc .(G. C.
x Fili A
e top
| Indies. (P. Neill Fraser.)
Ulmus ez ommo RT ami
nova. 1896, 28.)
icaceæ. fc has -—
leaves and a denser habit tha
umbraculifera. (L. Späth, Baria
hi ond wring ianthina, I.
. 7466.) Dentaire. S.
e species with
lea
Sander & Co, St. “Alba ns.)
*Uvaria virens, N. E. (K. B.
1896, 16.) A nici - "g. A new
tinam with pf stems and oblong
leaves 3 to 6 in. long; flowers sessile
in ef small, yellow -green. Delagoa —
Bay. (Kew.)
Vanda Bensoni var. tristis,
(G. C. 1896, xix. -, 423.) (8) atte.
a ith fi
side-lobes. Moulmien. (F. San
O0.)
Vanda bicolor, Griff. (G. C. 1896,
ce, rare species
siad ns reintroduced. Stem 3 ft
leaves 6-10 in n. long obtusely two-lobed;
owered flowers
in.
tessellated, li ar with yellow
and with E a orbieular side-lobes.
Tanika: (F. Sander & Co.)
Vanda kimballiana var. Lackner.
Krinzl. (G. 1896, 337, t. 1498.) S
e
which are yellow. (C. Lackner, Steg-
litz, Germany.)
Vanda teres gigantea. (G. C. 1896,
xix., Pons S. A large-flowered richly
coloured form with stouter stems and
lea than the
Viola beckiana, F: = (OW. e iden
197, f. ii. d Vio H.
SOME Me with Beis ie or
yellow 80 flowers. Bosn
*Vitis doaniana, Munsen. (G. and F.
1896, 454, f. 59.) Ampelidem. H. A
nm VOT y hardy vine with a white leaves
and branches. Texa
Vitis Solonis robusta. (W. G. 1896,
4. H. A garden — i cem
V. Solonis and V. rip (Besson
- fils, Matseilios 8.)
ee Miranin
ES 1896, 199.)
brid between
cardinalis.
ed G. pr Mg Versailles è)
Id Mortierii. (A. H. 1896, 219.)
d hybrid ed En-
otn roseum and V
Qr Sallier fils, Paris.)
Vriesia —
— t.) -
splenden y.
ae Duval; r a
(R. H. B. 1896,
seedling between
Van Geerti.
60
Watsonia iridifolia Ardernei.
d 04. Trideze H
oli
Plants for 1889. (R. Wallace & Co. )
Zamia noeffiana, L. Lin -— — Cat.
— 23.) Apera escribed
me species pem to -—
Li indeni "with — e the pinn
also lar, as and with marginal teeth.
America. “_Eitloreuiture Inter-
nationale, Brussels.)
anthes taubertiana,
en mE t. eo pein
with narrow linear leaves
and large ‘pinks ‘tinted flowers Brazil.
(Berlin B. G.)
a
| Zygopetalum Perrenaudii. (G. C.
| 1896, xix., 337, 367, f. 50.) Orchidez.
A garden i hybr rid — Z.
ixillare
(A. L Peeters, Binali s.)
| atiritedium
}
| Gauthieri.
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