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TRIM UN'S 



JOUKNAL OF BOTANY 



jPJ^WflWWW^' 



BRITISH AND FOEEIGN. 



JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S., 

British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington. 



NEW SERIES, VOL. IX. Q 



(VOL. XVIII. OF THE ENTIRE WORK.) 



ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. 






LONDON : 



WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN. 



18 8 0. 



LONDON : 



WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS. 
54, HATTON GARDEN, E.C. 



MtMm to tire 'lountal of 





eto Btxm. 




Rev. F. Addison. 

Rev. T. Allin. 

W. Archer, F.R.S. 

Prof. F. W. C. Areschoug. 

Prof. P. Ascherson. 

Prof. C. C. Babington, F.R.S., 

F.L.S. 
J. Bagnall. 
C. Bailey. 

J. G. Baker, F.R.S., F.L.S. 
Mrs. Baker. 

J. Ball, F.R.S., F.L.S. 
I. B. Balfour, Sc. D., F.L.S. 
J. H. Balfour, M.D., F.R.S. 
R. M. Barrington. 
M. J. Barrington Ward, M.A., 
F.L.S. 

W. H. Beeby. 
A. Bennett. 

A. W. Bennett, M.A., B.Sc, 

F.L.S. 
G. Bennett, M.D., F.R.S. 
G. Bentham, F.R.S., F.L.S. 
S. Berggren. 

Rev. M. J. Berkeley, F.L.S. 
T. B. Blow. 

H. BOSWELL. 

J. T. I. Boswell, F.L.S. 

R. Braithwaite, M.D., F.L.S. 

A. Brotherston. 

N. E. Brown, A.L.S. 

G. S. Boulger, F.L.S. 

Mrs. Bramwell. 

D. Brandis, M.D., F.L.S. 

T. R. Archer Briggs, F.L.S. 

J. Britten, F.L.S. 

H. Bromwich. 

R. Brown (Liverpool). 
H. G. Bull, M.D. 

|M. M. Bull, M.D. 

W. Carruthers, F.R.S., F.L.S. 

Prof. T. Caruel. 

Prof. R. Caspary. 

Prof. A. H. Church. 

A. Christ, Ph.D. 

A. Craig-Christie, F.L.S. 
J. W. Clark. 

H. Cleghorn, M.D., F.L.S. 

J. Collins. 

T. Comber. 

M. C. Cooke, A.L.S. 






E. J. Cox. 

Prof. F. Crepin. 

Rev. J. M. Crombie, M.A., 
F.L.S. 

J. CUNNACK. 

F. Currey, F.R.S., F.L.S. 
N. A. Dalzell. 

Alph. DeCandolle. 

A. Deseglise. 

Prof. G. Dickie, M.D., F.L.S. 

G. C. Druce, F.L.S. 

J. F. Duthie, B.A., F.L.S. 

W. T. Thiselton Dykr, M.A., 

B.Sc, F.L.S. 
Rev. A. E. Eaton, M.A. 
Mrs. Edwards. 
Prof. A. W. Eichler. 
A. Ernst, Ph.D. 

Prof. W. G. Farlow, M.D. 

W. Fawcett, B. Sc. 

H. C. Field. 

W. Flight, D.Sc. 

T. B. Flower, F.L.S. 

W. O. Focke. 

H. O. Forbes. 

E. Fournier. 

A. Franchet. 

Rev. J. Fraser. 
f A. French. 
f Prof. E. Fries. 

H. G. Glasspoole. 



Prof. A. Gray, M.D. 
fj. E. Gray, Ph.D., F.L.S. 

L. H. Grindon. 

H. Groves. 

J. Groves. 
|D. Hanbury, F.R.S., F.L.S. 

F. J. Hanbury, F.L.S. 

H. F. Hance, Ph.D., F.L.S. 

H. C. Hart, F.L.S. 

W. E. Hart. 

M. M. Hartog, M.A., B.Sc, 
F.L.S. 
f W. A. Hayne. 

W. B. Hemsley, A.L.S. 

W. P. Hiern, M.A., F.L.S. 

Rev. W. M. Hind, LL.D. 

C. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S. 
f Miss E. Hodgson. 

R. Holland. 

E. M. Holmes, F.L.S. 



IV 



CONTRIBUTORS. 



Sir J. D. Hooker, K.C.S.I., M.D., 
F.R.S., F.L.S. 

T. Howse, F.L.S. 

Rev. E. Hunter. 

J. Hussey. 
f A. Irvine. 

B. D. Jackson, F.L.S. 
J. R. Jackson, A.L.S. 
G. S. Jenman. 

J. H. A. Jenner. 

F. E. Kitchener, F.L.S. 
f S. Kurz. 

Rev. J. E. Leefe, F.L.S. 

E. Lees, F.L.S. 

F. A. Lees, F.L.S. 

Rev. W. A. Leighton, B.A., 

F.L.S. 
L. Leresche. 

E. Levier, M.D. 

Prof. S. 0. Lindberg, M.D. 
A. Lister, F.L.S. 
Mrs. Lomax. 

C. Longfield. 

A. N. LUNDSTRUM. 

Prof. W. R. McNab, M.D., F.L.S. 
J. C, Mansel-Pleydell, F.L.S. 
M. T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., 
F.L.S. 

W. Mathews. 

J. C. Melvill, M.A., F.L.S. 

Mrs. Merrifield. 
fJ. Miers, F.R.S., F.L.S. 

W. Mitten, A.L.S. 
|D. Moore, Ph.D., F.L.S. 

S. le M. Moore, F.L.S. 

T. Moore, F.L.S. 

A. G. More, F.L.S. 

Prof. J. Morris. 

Baron F. von Mueller, Ph.D., 
F.R.S., F.L.S. 

C. J. Muller. 

J. Muller (Arg.) 

{General W. Munro, C.B., F.L.S. 
^G. R. M. Murray, F.L.S. 
'A. Nathorst. ■ 

F. Naylor. 

G. Nicholson. 

Prof. D. Oliver, F.R.S., F.L.S. 
|Rev. E. O'Meara, M.A. 
W. H. Pearson. 
C. H. Peck. 
W. Phillips. F.L.S. 



C. B. Plowright. 

H. POLAKOWSKY. 

J. Pollard. 

C. Prentice. 

H. Prestoe. 

Kev. T. A. Preston, F.L.S. 

E. A. Pryor, B.A., F.L.S. 
Rev. W. H. Purchas. 
Rev. H. P. Reader, B.A. 
W. W. Reeves. 

H. Reeks, F.L.S. 
Prof. H. G. Reichenbach. 
J. Renny, F.L.S. 
f*VV. Richardson. 
H. N. Ridley, B.A. 
J. F. Robinson. 
W. D. Roebuck. 
Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, M.A. 

F. C. S. Roper, F.L.S. 
J. Sadler. 

J. Scott, F.L.S. 
J. C. Shenstone. 
W. G. Smith, F.L.S. 
H. C. Sorby, F.R.S. 
R. Spruce, Ph.D. 

G. Stabler. 

F. Stratton, F.L.S. 
Rev. G. S. Streatfield, M.A. 
R. E. TWndrow. 
F. Townsend, M.A., F.L.S. 
Prof. J. W. H. Trail, M.D., 
F.L.S. 

fSiR W. C. Trevelyan, Bart. 
H. Trimen, M.B., F.L.S. 
R. Trimen, F.L.S. 
R. Tucker, M.A. 

S. H. Vines. M.A., F.L.S. 
T. Walker. 

A. R. Wallace, F.L.S. 
F. I. Warner, F.L.S. 
Hon. J. L. Warren, M.A. 

D. A. Watt. 
fF. M. Webb. 

{Rev. R. H. Webb, M.A. 

fF. Welwitsch, M.D., F.L.S. 

E. C. White. 
J. W. White. 

F. Buchanan White, M.D., F.L.S. 
J, Willis, Ph.D. 

W. Wise 

Rev. R. Wood. M.A. 



' 









Tab. 206 




S- Moore del . D Blfia-r UtK . 



West Tlewwiiaui&Co.Tmp- 



N^p enth.es DysL~k, SMoore, 



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JOURNAL 



THE 



OF 



BOTANY 



BRITISH AND FOREIGN. 



<§vtgmal Articles. 



ALABASTRA DIVERSA 

auctore S. Le M. Moore. 

Pars tertla. 

I 

(Tab. 206.) 

■ 

Nepenthes Dyak, sp. nov. 
Caule subtereti glabrato, folris approximatis coriaceis elongatis 

• . * ■ K* t * 1 T 1 • '_ 1 



oblongis utrinque angustatis deinde glabris pagma 



supenore 



eximie reticulato-nervosis petiolo late alato amplexicauli suffultis 
cirrho quam folium multoties breviore gracili, ascidiis parvis 
exalatis cylindraceo ventrieosis reticulato-nervosis rufo-tomentellis 
mox glabris ore rotundato peristomio aliquanto angusto crebre 
costato in collum gracilem producto ad operculi insertionem valide 
decurvo-bicalcarato operculo rotundato-cordato intus laevi, panicula 
elongata valida glabra laxiflora, floribus longe pedicellatis ad 
apiceni ramulorum congestis, periantbii segmentis oblongo-ovatis, 
columna staminea brevi gracili, fl. foem. baud visis. 

Hab. — Iii Borneo legit Tejsmann (No. 10962). 

Videtur ex affinitate N. eustac/nja, Miq. abs qua diversa foliis 
multo majoribus, ascidio dispari, floribus paniculatis. 

Rami circiter 1-0 cm. lat. Folia (petiolo incluso) ad 33-0 cm. 
long, et 5*0 cm. lat., subtus ad costamrufo tomentella mox glabra ; 
cirrhus circiter 7*0 cm. long., sub ascidio incrassatus. Ascidia 
4-5-5-0 cm. long, vix 3-5 cm. lat, Periantbii segmenta 0-4 cm., 
columna staminea 0.15 cm. long. 

Ante oculos liabui Ranunculi extorris Hance specimen a cl. 
Shearer ad Kiu Kiang Chinee cent, lectum. 

Cardamine bracteata, nob. (Journ. Bot., 1878, p. 130) monente 
cl. Maximowicz est Eutrema Wasabi, Max. Itaque C. chelidonioidem 
nob (op.eit.) prius descrip sennit ell. Franchet et Savatier sub nom. 

C. TanakcB. 

ACRIDOCARPUS HlRUNDO, Sp. 710V. 

Caule tereti rufo-tomentoso deinde probabiliter glabro et cinereo, 
foliis alternis brevipetiolatis obovato-oblongis brevissime cuspidu- 
latis coriaceis supra fere glabris subtus palhdioribus et reticulatis 



N. S. VOL. 9. 



January 



b 



■H^HMMB 



RHV^^iMtfti 



M*HiHHHMniMiBHMBMftft*l 



■ 



* ALABASTRA D1VEESA. 

et precipue secus nervum medianum rufo-tomentcllis, raceinis 
elongatis foliis longioribus nifo-tomentosis dein glabris, bracteis 
nrinis ovatis ve ovato-lanceolatis concavis, sepalis crassis ovatis 
vel ovato-lanceolatis nno glandulis parvis duabus notato, petalis 
late ovatis superne breviter erosis, samaris duobus longissiinis late 
kE COnaceis re ticulato-iiervosis rufo-tonientosis inox 

Hob— In Liberia Afr. Trop. Occ. ubi repperit Carder. 

h olia ad 8-g cm long, et fere 4-0 cm. lat. fortasse juvenalia 
utrmque rufo-tonien tosa. Kacemi 16-0 cm. et bracteas circiter 0-3 
tc>oZ lg 'r Pedu S Cuh 80 ° m ' loi ^> m °* g^bri. Mores circiter 
!£ 07 cm m Lat. bamarffi 6 -°- 7 -° «" *** 8Ub ^ ^ ™" 

Species insignis multis de characteribus a congeneribus 



abhorrens. 



AFEICANA 



obsc^ri^nS ! bl ° ng0 " lanCe0latis M«iktii vel cuspidatis 

corvmbis VP t. ? r n ! COns ^ e ^^eque nervosis subcoriaceis, 
coiymbis ve panicuhs tenninalibus aut axillaribus, pedicellis laxe 

oEtSnt °f 1S dei r ? kbris ' braCteis tracteolisque rotundats 
SSSZST f^co-cdiatis otate omnino glabris 1c (ut in D. 
btacteata) longitudmahter nervosis. 

In Angola unde liabuit Dr. Welwitscli a Golungo Alto, 



Hab 
Quiballa 



valde diversa et bracteas bracteola^ pauUo ^™^aX 
jumores tomento fusco destitute. P 

fl„Jl A '"'J?' ? re ^™«' t raili og hush ; very handsome. All the 

Ptthecolobium zanzibaricum nob. (Journ. Bot 1877 n 9Q9^ 

certe est Acacia sp. ex affinitate A. AmS^ 9 Hayne *' > 

Hanle^ramult^n 1101, fr' ^ 1878 ' P« 132 ) est «■ «««* 
mnce ramulus incomplete evolutus foliis saltern supremis 
oppositis et quam m typo majus coriaceis. supremis 



(Alabastr 



--7 ~ £* ^vaaaxv^xx 

Cacoucia velutina, *p. ?? oy. 



parvum 



bcandens caulibus teretibus sinv^im ,-;n« • j • n , , . 
foliis subsessilibus ovatis vel oW? n? ^ demde ^ labris ' 

cordatis mhco^^ne^^o^^^ JT^ basi 
erectis fusco-velutinis feJ£ Z J ■ US1S glabns ' racemis 

mnlto longiore ^ calyc ^i'^ 'fusco yelntSr{T atl i flfllm, f ^ Uam ° Varium 
tato lobo? triinguClTu^^^ ^ 

glabro pilorum annulo coronato petalis nil i7 '■ d 1 1SC -° 
pnherulis, filament* calvcem &&J$^££*Z 



ALABASTRA DIVERSA. 



8 



a me nee ut opiaor a el. Lawson visus — C. coccinea, Laws. Fl. 

Trop. Afr., II., p. 434 (non AubL). 

Hab.—M fl. Bagroo Afr. Trop. Occ. legit Mann, No. 856. 

C. coccinea, Aubl. differt foliis plerumque minoribus, bracteis 
acuminatis, sed precipue calyce omnino diverso. 

In herb. Kew est Potentilla Dickinsii, Fr. et Sav. specimen ex 
deseriptione Franelietiana faciliter recognoscendum. 

Medinilla halogeton, SJ). 7lOl\ 

Glaber caule valido subtereti passim breviter alato cinereo vel 
pallide brunneo, foliis oppositis brevipetiolatis oblongis leviter 
acuminatis 3-5-nerviis aliquanto carnosis, florum longipeduncu- 
latorum fasciculis paucifloris in axillis ramorum defoliatorum 
sessilibus pedunculis gracilibus apicem versus interdum carnosis, 
bracteis prope basin pedunculi minimis, calycis tubo turbinato 
limbo truncato obscure sinuato, petalis verisimiliter 4 ovato- 
oblongis obtusis, staminibus 8 asqualibus incurvis porosis postice 
appendice apicem versus incrassata et breviter lamellata ferentibus, 
bacca ovoidea glabra, seminibus triangularibus lsevibus nitidis. 

Hab.—ln ins Admiralty dictis repperit H. N. Moseley supra 
arbores magnos mare impendentes vigentem. 

Caulis usque ad 7'0 cm. crassus, nodosus. Folia ad 21-0 cm, 
long, et 6-5 cm. lat. petioli vix 1-0 cm. long. Pedunculi 2-0 cm, 
long. Flores splendide punicei ex Moseley 1-3 cm. long. 

Calyx et petala succulenta. 

Inter affines prinio intuitu distincta ob inflorescentiam cauli- 

florem. 

Tococa (§ Hypophysca) coriacea, sp. now 

Nodis caulis glabri paullo tumidis, foliis ovatis acuminatis basi 
truncatulis vel leviter cordatis coriaceis subtus valide neryosis 
puberulis supra hirto-pilosulis margine involuti obscure ciliatis, 
petiolis brevibus, vesicis parvis, paniculis terminalibus paucifloris 
floribus verisimiliter nudis, calycis apteri parcissime pilosi tubo 
inconspicue costato limbo truncatulo fere omnino obsoleto, petalis 
5 ovatis inaequaliter emarginatis unilateraliter undulatis, stamini- 
bus 10 antheris demum recurvis connectivo inappendiculato. 

Hab. — Crescit ad Belise Amer. Cent, unde misit prefectus Bar lee. 

Folia ad 15-0 cm. long, et 10-0 cm. lat.; petioli vix 1-5 cm. 
long, vesicas obscurissime papillosas duplo excedentes. 

Ad T. (juianensem, Aubl. milii videtur proxime accedere, 
abs qua inter alias signas differt caule glabro, foliis coriaceis 
nervosis, vesicis nequaquam hirtis. 

ASTRONIA SAMOExNSIS, Sp. 1IOV. 

Glabra foliis longe petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis ovatisve breviter 
acuminatis basi attenuatis pro genere sat obscure reticulars supra 
lfete subtus pallide viridibus tenuiter coriaceis paniculis laxis, 
floribus mediocribus, calycis campanulati limbo irregulariter 
plurilobulato, petalis G late oblongis crassiusculis, staminibus 
12 antherarum loculis postice acute calcaratis, ovario 5-loculo 
vertice fere piano, seminibus ignotis. 



4 ALAB ASTRA DIVERS A. 

Hab. — In ins. Samoa ubi earn habuit Eev. S. J. Whitniee 
(No. 122 in hb. Kew). 

Folioruni lamina 10-0-13-0 cm. long, et 4-0-4-5 cm. lat., 
petiolus 2-0-3-0 cm. long. Calyx 0-4 cm. long., sub nore vix 
0-5 cm. diam. Petala 0-6 cm. long. Antherarum appendix 0-1 
cm. long., debilis incurva. 

Proxima videtur A. tomentosa, Seem., et A. Pickenngii, Gray, 
sed flonbus 6-meris ab ambabus facile notata. Ab A. tomentosa 
distat ltaque inter aha foliis longioribus angustioribus et tomenti 
absentia, ab A. PickeriiKjii foliis angustioribus minus coriaceis et 
nervosis late vindibus, inflorescentia laxiore, pedunculis longiori- 
bus, antheris disparibus. 

Ab A. confertiflora, Gray, et A. ? subcordata evidenter, ut ex 
descnptione patet, multis de notis abhorret. 

Sp!™ ro fyos Meyeri, Hook, f., crescit in ins. Comoro unde misit 
Hildebrandt (No. 1603). 

Pentanisia oukanogyne, sp. 1IOV. 

Caule erecto pilis albidis patent! villoso, foliis elongatis 
lineanbus acutis sparsim strigoso pubescentibus, stipulis longe 
setaceis villosis patulis, calycis viUosi lobis 2 majoribus linearibus 
pubescentibus, corollae profunde caerulese tubo gracUlimo superne 
sen sim ampliato extus crebre puberulo fauce villoso, staminibus 
norum omnium nobis obviorum longiuscule exsertis. 

Hub.— In locis sterilibus in Ukamba Afr. Trop. Or (Hilde- 
brandt, No. 2754.) ' v 

P. variabili, Harv. proxima sed ob folia elongata linearia, 
stipulas longiores, floresque camileos vix ejus varietas. 

Folia ad 8-0 cm. long., basi abbreviata; stipube 0-6 cm. loii£. 
Calycis lobi circiter 0-4 cm. long., basi ipsa connati. Corolla 
tubus 1-3 cm. lone:. 



•e 



Otomeria oculata, sp. now 



Caule subtereti strigoso-pubescente demum vix ghbro, foliis 
subsessihbus hnean-lanceolatis acutis basin versus sanaim „n a 



versus sensini angus- 



tatis, stipulis 2-(3 FO fissis lobis lineanbus, '^.'^K 
brevi lacmiis lineanbus, vel 2 vel 3 quani reliqiue multo longiores 
corollae tubo sub fauce ipso dilatato limbo magno, stamfnTus 
msertis, stylo longe exserto, stigmatis lobis linearibus. StamimbUS 

™— Ukamba Afr. Trop. Or. (Hildebrandt, No. 2756). 

bunrutex. Folia membranacea 3-5 cm. long., sparsim puberula 

cm } Toni aC1 ro a ^T? ^ T l0ng " lacini * breviores i \\ -0 3 

^'cn? g diam Sbl.fl US / 1X ^ ?*' lo »Z' M ™> Hmbus circiter 
i ^ cm. diam. pallide flavidus caeruleo-oculatus 

W;°fl lg T MbUS ab ° mnibus foliis lineari-lanceolatis, calycis tubo 
brevi flonbusque magnis uno aspectu dignoscenda. 3 

ad SStA^SS^ & ^ SpeCime " C0,L ** J ' B. Steere 



ALABASTRA DIVERS A, 5 



3(p>^ 



710V. 



Erecta foliis petiolatis supremis fere sessilibus late lanceolatis 
obtusis dentato-serratis supra saturate subtus pallide viridibus et 
reticulato-nervosis, verticillastris densifioris pedunculatis, bracteis 
lineari-setaceis quam calycis tubus brevioribus, calycis tubulosi 
15-nervii puberuli lobis lanceolatis tribus paullo altius connatis, 
corollae tubo gradatim ac leviter amplificato calyceru duplo 
excedente limbi labio postico 2-fido lobos laterales aequante labii 
antici lobo mediano magno emarginato, nuculis ignotis. 

Uab, — Ad oras Manchurienses anno 1859 repperit Wilford 

(No. 1187 in lib. Kew). 

iV. snbsessili, Max. arete affinis sed foliis petiolatis minus argute 

dentatis, inflorescentia nee superne spicata nisi specimen unicum 
nobis obvium incompletum, calyce minore inulto minus conspicue 
bilabiato et corollae minoris tubo angustiore certe distincta. 

Caulis robustus, obscure puberulus, purpureus. Foliorum 
inferiorum lamina ad 10-0 cm. long, et 4*0 cm. lat., basi truncate 
plerumque vero attenuata; petioli graciles obscure puberuli fol. 
inf. 2-0 cm. sup. 0-3-0-5 cm. long. Verticillastrorum 2 inf. 
pedunculus vix 1-5 cm. long., 2 sup. paullo brevior. Brae teas ad 
0-5 cm. calyx ad 0-9 cm. et corolla 1*3 cm. long. 

^W SlPHONOSTEGIA LiETA, Sp. UOV . 

Glanduloso-pubescens foliis parvis oblanceolatis vel anguste 
obovatis integris vel incisis vel paucilobatis et lobis plerumque 
incisis foliis floralibus quam calyx longioribus lanceolatis integris 
calycis tubo gracili conspicue angulato sub limbo ipso attenuato 
membranaceo limbi lobis lanceolatis foliaceis, corolla ut in 
S. chinemi, Bth., antherarum loculis basi insequalibus, stigmate 
simplici.— S. chinensis, Bth., var. ? nob. (Journ. Bot. xiii., p. 229). 

Hah .—Ad Kiu Kiang Chinre cent. coll. Dr. Shearer. 

Folia plerumque 1-0-1-5 cm. long, (majora et minora exstant) 
basi hi petiolum attenuata sicca atra. Folia floralia circiter 
2-0 cm. long. Bracteae anguste spathulares circiter 0-4 cm. long. 
Calycis tubus 1-3 cm. long., lobi ejus 0-8 cm. long, et ad 0-3 cm. 
lat. Capsula ignota. 

A S. chinaisi, Bth. differt vestitu, foliis nequaquam pinnatisec- 
tis, foliis floralibus integris, calycis membranacei tubo tenuiore 
sub limbo attenuato limbi lobis magnis foliaceis, antherarum 
loculis basi inrequalibus, necnon stigmate simplici. 

Thunbergia (§ FAi-Thunbcrijia) affinis, sp. now 

Scandens glabra foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis basin versus 
angustatis petiolis brevibus gracilibus, floribus in axillis solitariis 
pedunculatis, bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis vel acutis mem- 
branaceis, calycis lobis elongatis setaceis acuminatis puberulis, 
corolla antheris et stigmate T. erecta, Bth., capsula longissime 

rostrata fere glabra. 

Hah.— Mombassa Afr. Trop. Or, Hildebrandt ^No. 2004 b), 

Angola, Monteiro. 

Folia ad 9-0 cm. long, et 4-0 cm. lat., margine undulata vel 



6 



ALABASTRA DIVERSA. 



fere omnino Integra, eleganter nervosa. Pedunculus 1-5-2-3 cm. 
long glaber. Bracteae ad 3-5 cm. long, eximie reticulata;, 
decolores vel virescentes. Calycis lobi parum intequales usque ad 
1-8 cm. long, mterdum vero minores. Corollae violacea? limbo ad 
5-0 cm. diam. Capsula circiter 2-7 cm. long. 

Var. pulrhutta. Foliis et bracteis et floSbus minoribus, uodis 
conspicue pulvinatis. 

Hab.—Kitxd in Ukamba (Hildebrandt, No. 2749). 
Ob similitudinem T. ereeta, Bth. e sectione Meyenia cavendum 
ne has species confundas. 

Thunbergia (§ Meyenia) Schweinfurthii, sp. nov. 
Erccta caule rainoso glabrato sicco longitudinaliter striate, 
loins breyiter petxolatis lanceolatis vel lineari-lanceolatis parum 
acuminata basi liastatis pagina superioie mox pilis paucis strigosis 
adpressis.obtectis pagina inferiore crebre crispeque pubescentibus, 
peduncuhs axinaribus vel terminalibus quam folia brevioribus 
sparsim pilosuhs bracteis parvis ovato-lanceolatis obtusiusculis 
longe ac scabride glanduloso-pubescentibus viride reticulatis, 
calycis limbo sinuate, corollae sat parae tubo basi attenuato 
superne gradatim ampliato, antberarum fere glabrarum loculo 
altero mcurvo-calcarato altero casso, ovulis quoque in loculo 2 
Hub.— In agris Djurensium (Scbweinfurtb, No. 1510) 
Fohorum lamina 4-0-6-5 cm. long., medio 0-7-1-4 cm. lat. ; 
petioli 0-5 cm. long., pubescentes. Pedunculi ad 2-0 cm., erecti 

Corolla 3-0 cm. long., limbus ejus vix 1-0 cm. diam. Capsula ignota. 
A I. Mongolia, Ohv. differt imprimis foliis petiolatis liastatis 
angustionbus acummatis, bracteis minoribus, coroll* maioris tubo 
basin versus angustato ; a T. Kirkiana, T. And. cujus folia 
bastata vestitu, peduncuhs brevioribus bractearum corollarumque 



HE 



Fohosa spitbamea vel minus ramulis patulis ascendentibus, 
fol is sessihbus ovato-oblongis floralibus minoribus ovatis omnibus 

S?™ S ^i V6rS w atten ™!! s s P a ™"» l^Hutulo-pubescentibus 
supra saturate subtus pallidiore viridibus, florilms in axillis 
sobtarns yel peipaucis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis hispi le ub s 

CTssi^eC- 10 . bre r ib r ' • calycis laciniis %£ 

iongissime setaceis bispide pilosis, corolla* parvaa labio antico 
stamSibuT Tft ° Ui0 *?~L 2 " fid0 Vd ° bli ^ e etargina o! 

S^^ to i^^^- *-! stignXtb; 



ovano 
lobo altero 



dentiformi imumWiLtJl n r" UhU > «ngmatis lobo altero 

12-14 sperma * g * ° btUSe cus P k ^^ta circiter 

Hnh—M fl. Nilum. (Schweinfurth,No. 972) 
pubenilus Folk ^??° nUS 'i Prim ° hkmia9 ^tate pubescens vel 

cSl-e'otcm. 1 ,^- ltm cl^TSr *£*£? T^ 

puberula. v^psuiu Uo cm. long., obscure 









ALABASTRA DIVERSA. 7 

Ex affinitate G, idii/iriosce, Br. (Adenosma), abs qua calyce 
dispari, floribus miilto rainoribus, capsula breviore puberula 
aliisque notis disceclit. 

Cardanthera africana, T. And. (Adenosma.) 

Var. Schweinfurthii. A typo divergens pr^esertim fasciculis 
plurifloris et bracteis latioribus. 

Hab. — In ditione Bongoensi repperit Schweinfurth (Nos. 2708, 
2764, 2799). 

EUELLIA SCLEROCHITON, Sp. 710V. 

Caule tenui tetragono glabrato, foliis longipetiolatis ovatis 
obtusis undulatis ntrinque puberulis conspicue reticulato-nervosis 
membranaceis pagiua inferiore pallidioribus, floribus niediocribus 
in axillis raniuloruni lateraliuni brevium superiorum solitariis vel 
ad apicem ramoruin positis, bracteis linearibus calyce brevioribus, 
calycis sparsiin ciliatas laciniis aequalibus linearibus longissime 
acuminatis 1-nerviis, corolla tubo recto oninino uniformi limbi 
valde obliqui lobis oblongis sequalibus 2 posticis inter se majus 
liberis, filamentis basi dilatatis liberis, styli lobo altero fere 
omnino obsoleto altero attenuato lamellato recurvo, ovulis quoque 
in loculo 6. 

Hab. — In terris Nianmiamensiuni legit Schweinfurth (No. 3257). 

Caulis in exemplario parvo rneos ante oculos ad 0-2 cm., 
crassus siccus brunneo-ater. Foliorum pagina 5'0-7'0 cm. long., 
S'O-^-O cm. lat. ? petiolo puberulo 2*0- fere 4-0 cm. long., suffulta. 
Calycis lacini^e vix 1*0 cm. long. Corolla vix 1*5 cm. long., 
limbus ejus fere 1*0 cm. diam. Capsula . 

A very remarkable species, aberrant from its congeners by 
reason of the very oblique limb of its corolla, a character which 
must place in one well-defined section all the future discoveries 
exhibiting it. 

A plant collected by Mann in the Cameroons (No. 1259 in part 
in Herb. Kew), with the same curiously oblique corolla, may 
perhaps be a varietal form of this species. 

BUELLIA AMABILIS, Sp. ?lOV. 

Caule tenui quadrangulari geniculato villosulo-pubescente mox 
pubescente, foliis longe graciliterque petiolatis membranaceis late 
ovatis breviter cuspidatis basi leviter cordatis nonnunquam fere 
truncates repandis supra saturate viridibus sparsim minute 
pubescentibus subtus pallidioribus et secus nervos prominenter 
villosulis, floribus magnis in axillis superioribus solitariis (an 
semper ?) pedunculatis, bracteis quam calyx multo brevioribus 
linearibus obtusis villosulis, calycis 5-partiti laciniis subasqualibus 
erectis elongatis lineari-lanceolatis obtusis piloso -villosulis margine 
debiliter ciliatis, corollas tubo longissimo tenuissimo fere uniformi 
(basin versus leviter dilatato) obscure puberulo abrupte in faucem 
brevem campanulatam ampliato limbi lobis subaequalibus late 
ovatis, staminibus leviter exsertis, disco inconspicuo, ovario 
oblongo breviter stipitato pubescente, stylo crassiusculo, ovulis 
quove in loculo 6, capsula . 



8 ALABASTRA DIVERSA. 

tlab.— Taita Afr. Trop. Orient (Hildebrandt, No. 2480). 

Ab omnibus congeneribus africanis recedit foliis pro genere ac 
ordine longtime petiolatis, precipue vero calycis et corolla; forma 
atque magmtudine Corolla earn R. amensis aliquanto simulat. 
Folia (petiolo excluso) fere ad 8-0 cm. long, et 65 cm. lat. ; 

p2w i i o° Cm -, l0Dg " siccus P arum Aexuosus, villosulus. 
Pedunculus 1-3 cm. long., villosulus. Bracte* 0-8 cm., calycis 
lacmiffi 16 cm., corolla? lacte© tubus circiter 6-0 cm. long tudine : 
corolla, tubus medio 0-2 cm. lat., lhnbus circiter 2-5 cm dbm ' 

Calophanes thunbergleflora, sp. nor. 

dPiiKSi^^V r dt) CaU ? e ram0S0 folioso angulatopubescente 
Snti t ld °' f0 / US PlU ' V1S membra ™<*is breviter tenuiterque 
nuberu k Zt* v - mi 1 n f ltlssime ^spidulatis basi oblique attenuatis 
WW , te vmdlbus ' n***™ axiUaribus brevibus pauciiloris, 
bracte s plerumque minimis setaceis, calyce longe tubuloso 

SS^LSbS ^ duW P^rulo, «>"** -aximr tbo 

tubSo am ZT* C T Va i t0 WK in faUCem l0n 8 am cainpanulato- 
tubulosam amplificato limbi lobw rotundatis, staminibus 4 sub- 

mclusis nlamentis crassiusculis glandulosis antberarum loculis 
i^ t^ J glandul0S °' Stigmatis lobo P° s ^o dentiform" 

Hab.— Crescit ad Kitui in Ukamba Afr Trrm fWnt w.*ju 
babuit Hildebrandt (No. 2719). V ' 6nt ' Uude 

«Jl eCieB + eXlm i? et , cor ? m8 m agnis eas Thmbergi* erects men- 
tientibus inter affines facile clistinguenda 

Folia plerumque 1-5-2-0 cm. long. ; petiolus 0-3-0-5 cm long 
ob cure puberulus. Bracte* plerumque circiter 0-3 cm W 
Calycis tubus 1-0 cm. et lobi ejus 0-7 cm. long. Corolla ™d ™n 
decora, circiter 4-5 cm. long., 3-0 cm. diam. vioiacca, 

Calophanes Hildebrandth, sjt?. wo v. 
2-sperma ° P ° StlC ° ° bsoleto > ca P sula anguste acuta 



2-sperma. 
Hab. 



ldebrandt 



Folia ad 3-5 cm W X x> ^^^^^ebrandt, No. 2718). 
1-6 cm C/ rwi ft' P lerum l ue vero minora. Calyx vix 

2-8 cm 'l oT g g ; mS l emTf ^r^ ™ laceo -» ota ^ tubus 
Capsula 07 g mk nitX" *l hmbus n circ ^r 1'0 cm. diam. 
A rr ' ,• lon ^-' m «da. Sennna vix 0-2 cm. diam 

tudem % S^Zi? * •» "h foliorum faS, magni- 



9 



ON SOME SOUTH-EAST DEVON PLANTS. 

By the Eev. W. Moyle Kogers. 

The following notes are merely supplemental to some of a like 
character written by me two years ajo, after twelve months' 
residence at Trusham, near Clmdleigh, and printed in this Journal 
for January, 1878. All the stations here named (with two or three 
obvious exceptions) are between Exeter on the north east and 
a line drawn from Berry Head to Moreton-Hampstead on the 
south-west, the district chiefly explored being that lying between 
Exeter and Bovey-Tracey. Except in the cases of Helianthemum 
polifolium, Seditm albescens, and two or three other plants (where it 
will be found expressly mentioned), I know of no previous record 

of tiny of the stations given. 

Ranunculus peltatm, Fries (aggregate). — Water meadows by 
Biver Teign, near Newton Abbot, and in the Bovey Stream, on 
Knighton Heath ; abundant. In Biver Otter, near Ottery St. Mary 

(the form R. p&eudo-fluitans, Syme). 

R. Baudotii, Godr. — Paignton, in ditch near railway station ; 

fairly abundant, 

R. Lenormandi, F. Schultz.— Trusham, near the village. On 

eastern slope of Peak Hill, Sidmouth. 

R. Flammula, L., b. pseudo -rep tans. — Banks of Biver Teign, 

above Dunsford Bridge ; frequent, 

R. auric omus, L.— Hennock, and (as recorded in ' Fl. Dev.'), 
Chudleigh, at " the Bocks," and at one or two other stations. 
Apparently quite a local plant in S. Devon. 

R. hirsutus, Curtis.— Brought to me, in September last, by 
Mr. T. E. Archer Briggs from near Newton Abbot. 

Caltha palustris, b. Guerawjerii.—hi one place in the Teign 

Valley, Trusham. g • ' 

Nijmpluia alba, L.— Teign Valley, Trusham ; m a pool at the 
bottom of Teign Lane, where it was planted, a good many years ago, 
by the Bev. H. Roberts, and now flowers profusely every year. It 
may be well to record here that the plants of Aponogeton, now also 
flowering every year in another pond about a mile higher in 
the Teign Valley (in Ashton parish), were in like manner placed 

there by Mr. Roberts. 

Papaver Rhaas, L., b. strigosum.— Trusham and Ashton. 

P. dubium, L., a. LamotteL— Trusham, as a casual weed m my 
garden. Seaton is the only other station in S.E Devon where I 
have seen this species. There (near the beach) it looked less like a 

no cm ol 

iuphanm maritime, Sm.— Berry Head ; a plant or two. In 
Stewart's « Flora of Tor<iuay ' it is said to grow in " various places 

around the Bay." , 

DipUtaxis muralis, DC— Torquay, but only near some new 
buildii s. In and about Paignton, and between Paignton and 
Goodriii-ton Bauds as one of the commonest weeds, and so looking 

c 



10 



ON SOME SOUTH-EAST DEVOX PLANTS. 



more like a colonist, and less like a casual, than elsewhere in 
the county where I have seen it. 

Erysimum cheiranthoides, L. — In a potato field about a mile from 
King's-Teignton, on the Chudleigh road. 

Cardamine vnpatiens, L. — In the Teign Valley, Ashton, on a 
bank of the new railway cutting ; a few very luxuriant plants. 
Also, in considerable quantity, on banks by the roadside in the 
parisb of Christow, about a mile farther down the river, on the 
opposite side. 

Helta ntlmmim polifolium i Pers.— So profusely abundant on the 
rocks all round Torbay as to constitute one of the most striking 
features in its flora. 

Cerastium pumUum, Curt.— This (like the last) is nearly as 
abundant at Berry Head as about Torquay. 

Hypericum linariifolium, Vahl.— I have, this vear (1879), found 
two new stations near the Teign for this rare St." John's wort: one 
being the rocks above Canonteign Waterfall, where it seems in no 
great quantity ; and the other a low hill in the parish of Trusham, 
about a quarter of a niile higher up the river than the rocky spot 
in the same parish on which I first found it in 1877. In this 
second Trusham station it extends for a considerable distance 
among furze and broom bushes, and even over turf, but still only 
in shallow rocky soil. In 1878 I visited the station recorded in 
Bavenshaw's < List,'— rocks near Dunsford Bridge —and found it 
still growing there abundantly. 

H. mmtanvm, L.— Anstis Cove, Torbay ; as recorded in Stewart's 
'rlora. 

Malm rotundifolia, L.— Sands at Teignmouth and Paignton. 
Geranium rotund (folium, L.— The « Kock-walk," Torquay, and 
walls at Iimgswear. x " 

Erodium maritimwn, Sm.— Dawlish Warren and Berry Head. 
Medicago denticuiata, Willd.— Brought to me by Mr Bri™ 8 

clTuai near Newton Abbot> where ho tllinks a ma y ' bo °^y 

a Jm*l° tU$ * UCata ' DeSf '~~ Tei S nmouth Sands, near the harbour ; 

Trvjonella omitlwpodioides, DC-Cliffs south of Berry Head ; 
local, but m one place almost wholly occupying the ground for 
several yards. Goodringtou Marsh. ^ 

JfS mediw »> L -Western slope of Haldon Hill, from about 
400 feet above seadevel to near the top ; frequent. 

T glomeratum, L.— Dawlish Warren; Berry Head, 
quaniity.^^"'"' T ° P ° f Chai,el ^ *** Torre ! * great 

T.frayifaumL.— Between Starcross and Dawlish Warren 

pits s^ 

pits some of the plants with straw-coloured flowers. 

reposed ^i^ST^f f h Rock «- ^ ^'vcnshaWs ■ List ' 

Sowcl f r ti° at ll ? St0n ' near P ^S»ton; rare," but 

ookedfor^n y ice - c ™<% m 'Topographical Botany.' I 

looked for it in vain during a W alk along the cliffs from Paignton, 



ON SOME SOUTH-EAST DEVON PLANTS. 11 

past Preston to Torquay, last summer ; and a week or two later 
found it (in small quantity only), at the Chudleigli Rocks. 

V. bitkynica, L— Near Dawlish. The type, without any of the 

variety avgustifolia intermixed. 

LatJnjrus tuberosus, L., b. tenuifolius. — Ashton and Hennock, 
roadside-banks ; a few plants occasionally with the type, which is 

frequent. 

Potentilla argentca, L — Christow ; roadside, on rocky cutting ; 

a few plants at intervals, about a mile and a half south-east of the 

village, and nearly a mile from the nearest station in Trusham, 

where it is frequent in rocky ground. The only Devon stations yet 

TGCOrciGCi* 

EpUobkan tctragonum, L.— The segregate. Trusham and neigh- 
bouring parishes ; rather frequent. Paignton. • ■ 

Bryonia dioica, L.— Teignmouth, on a garden wall in the out- 
skirts ; I suppose only as a casual. Queried for S. Devon in 

' Topographical Botany.' 

Sedum rejle.vum, L., b. albescens.— Chudleigh Kocks ; and all 
round Torbay in great quantity. The extraordinary abundance of 
this stonecrop at Berry Head, and on all rocky places near Torquay, 
is so remarkable that I do not see how its claim to be considered a 
native plant can be reasonably questioned. It is of a pale glaucous 
green much smaller than ordinary S. reflexum, and without renexed 
leaves' The " 8. rupestre" of 'Flora Devoniensis' ("Rocks at 
Babbicombe and Mary Church "), and the » 8. Forsteria.uun, Sm.," 
of Ravenshaw's 'Supplement' (" Anstis Cove and Babbicombe, 
Mr. Lees, in « Phyt.,' 1851 "), must, I suppose, be referred to this. 
In Eavenshaw's 'Supplement' Babbicombe is credited with 6. 
rupestre, S. glaucum, and S. Forsterianum < 

Silaus pratensis, Bess.— Trusham and Ashton ; rather frequent. 
Apparently a very local plant in Devon, and not yet reported at all 

from Cornwall. . 

Galium Crueiata, With.— General in this part of the county, 

though local farther west. 

G. uliginosum, L.— Ashton, in one place. Haldon, at about 800 
feet above sea-level, not far from the top. Lacks personal authority 
for S Devon in ' Topographical Botany.' Mr. Bnggs (who does not 
find this species near Plymouth), tells me that he saw a specimen 
labelled " Haldon " among Borrer's plants at Kew. 

Valerianella carinata, Lois.— Near Torquay. 

V. dmtata, Koch., b. mixta.— Cliffs of Daddy Hole Plain Tor- 
quay ; locally abundant. Very small and slightly-branched plants. 
I could find no specimens of typical dentata intermixed. 

Arctium wajus, Schkuhr.— By the Teign, near Chudleigh Bridge. 

Seen in one place only. . 

Bid** cemua, L.— Brought to me, with the following from 
near Teigngrace by Mr. Briggs. I have not seen it growing in Devon 

B. tripartita, L.— Teign Valley. Trusham- and Ashton Loca . 

Leontodon hispidu*, L.— Teign Valley, not far from Chudleigh 
Bridge ; two or three plants. Near Sidmouth, and (as recorded m 
• Fl. Dev.'), Exmouth. Very local. 



1 

L£k 0N SOME SOUTH-EAST DEVON PLANTS. 

fe^^i^* 1 A ' D C— Fields, Trusham and Ashton; local. 

"" Ashton (in same bog wi th Galium 



Wah 



ZT"-!^ > aci^ii vctuey, near _uun 
Waterfall. 



. Locally abundant. 

^«W^ M fc^to, Fries.— Frequent in badly-drained fields and 
neatliy places. 

^ «^n«» L.-Buckerell, near Honiton. The only 
Devon station where I have seen it y 

distr^ t7 ''T^-'V Wi ?T^ qUent in b "shy- places through the 
di&tnct. I think undoubtedly native 

and Sr ' Mm .— FieUs at Trusham ; and between Paignton 
and Oroodnngton Sands. Apparently local 

and ££Z? c gttUiSt T L - Ma f h ? wasfc e Place at Newton Abbot ; 

verv be ff Smlfr? n In con f* ei,able * uantit y afc both stati <™- A 

\ei} local plant m Devon and Cornwall 

or tw^T t C " Sa ' L '^ In a ^^rained field at Ashton ; a plant 
01 two, I have seen it nowhere else in S.E. Devon excent hi the 

btaicioss, where it is very luxuriant and abundant. 

in SWrt£ %1T' ^^- Cli «^eigh Rocks; and (as recorded 
.::^ arU riora of Torquay') cliffs of Daddv Hole Plain 



Torquay. 



Mmtha 



L., b. ^ „y m, Br - •; f ~ m ^™ — -• —. 
river ; S^fcSj^ ^-. ■» *»* *« by the 

an/ae^';''' '"'1' ^--Trnsham, bank of stream in the village • 






With 



m C ZT^tt% L ^ al l lo w ; rather fre « uent from about 

Places ^L^^^I^IX "•**■ In both 
har& tZ ^' °"* -*%"*» « a -ls, between the 
Beriy B^t* L, ~ Tnwham ; ^7 abundant. Near Sidmouth ; 

Rhynchospora alba, Vahl.— Haldon 

Scwyw awfcfcwtffr, Sm.-Haldon. " 



Borrer, 



~— s ^^^^c«r (M 



OK SOME SOUTH-EAST DEVON PLANTS. 13 

Nephrodium Filix-mas, Eich. , b. affine.— Trusham lanes ; frequent. 
Chara fragilis, Desv.— In old clay-pit at Preston, near King's- 

Teignton. 

The following have not been given in their natural order in the 

above list, because the stations named (the only ones in S.E. 

Devon where I have seen the plants in question) had been previously 

recorded in one or more of the following works : — ' Flora Devon- 

iensis,' Stewart's 'Flora of Torquay,' Eavenshaw's ' List ,' and 

' Supplement.' But in the case of species so rare or local in the 

county a confirmatory record here for the year 1879 may not 

be altogether without value, especially as there seems reason to 

fear that such stations are becoming sadly reduced in number by 

the " improvements " already effected, or now in progress, at places 

like Paignton and the (xoodrington Sands. 

Thalictrum minus, L. — Berry Head, on north side, among rocks, 

but apparently in no great quantity. 

Brassica oleracea, L. — Bocks below Dartmouth Castle. 

Hippocrepis oomom, L. — Very abundant all round Torbay. 
Lacks personal authority for S. Devon in ■ Topographical 

Botany.' 

Vicia sylratica, L. — Anstis Cove, in great quantity. 

Spirma Filipend-ula, L. — All round Torbay; frequent. Lacks 
personal authority for S. Devon in ' Topographical Botany.' 

Sedum album, Ii.*— On rocky ground at back of Torquay, with 
Erodiwn moschatum. Well established now, if not native. 

Trinia vulgaris, DC. — Berry Head; in considerable quantity 
just at the Head, but not seen elsewhere. 

Scabiosa Columbaria, L.— All round Torbay ; freqnent. Lacks 
personal authority for S. Devon in ■ Topographical Botany.' 

liuppia maritima, L. (aggregate). — Goodrington Marsh. I could 

find no specimens in fruit. 

Scilla autumnalis, L. — Torbay, in several places, in great 



quantity. 



Sdrpus Sarii, S. & M. 



War 



frequent in the salt-water ditches. Lacks personal authority for 
S. Devon in ' Topographical Botany.' 

Avena pubescent , L. — Torbay; locally abundant. 

A. pratensis, L.— Torbay ; usually more abundant than A. 
pubescens, especially on Daddy Hole Plain. Queried for S. Devon 
in * Topographical Botany.' 

Kceleria cristate, Pers. — Torbay ; common. Lacks personal 
authority for S. Devon in ' Topographical Botany.' 

Ho nie urn praten.se, Huds. — Meadows near Newton Abbot, and by 

canal, in great quantity. 

Fresh specimens of Unaria repfvs, Mill, (which I have not seen 
growing in Devon), were brought to me, in October, 1877, from the 
station named in ' Flora Devoniensis,' — " Downs west of Christow, 
near a farm called Kennock." 



14 



NOTE ON SOME SPECIES OF MOSSES FHOM" 

LOCHLEE "CKANNOG-." 
By C. P. Hobkirk, F.L.S. 

mentioned, I propose to offer a few notes. Presently to be 

Dr. Munro, of Kilmarnock, has been amlm™*. ««- ~t m. ia 

relics of its hStt£2rf£ " A °fnll m ' ^ftf?" aild some 
will be published by Z Munro in tl p "p" 50 ^ ° f *? discove ™s 
of Antiquaries of Scot L5 n a tLe ' ^ceeduigs of the Society 

brittle state* S pi^Ti^f^i ^V 8 in • ver ^ 

carbonised, but JSl^^tt "»* «"*' 
On examination it proves to bTw / ° r ldcnt ification. 

Some fringes and a ghd e made SftTT ^T^' Hedw " 

commune, plaited TO 1 ,! S 16 8t ? ms of ^bjtrichum 

kindness of d"C I W T* ? ?° relicS ' Throu * h the 

•nd^toSL^C^T^ n f th " m ° SS 
and is quite a characterise «w ^W^ckum is well preserved, 

ffy&Jtf™, bu" ?f anvil in? ££ ^V mUch bro ^ as *« 
shows, however distinctlv £?' ^ \ ** &nd more carbonised. It 
which 'are ^teS^**^^ and teet n of the leaf, 

Portion of L base; ^SkSKf^^rf^ S** 
be distinctly recognised THp tttwiL , of tne le af may 

leaves, and" consequently T is diffic"T S $ ^ <" of 
recognise it. So far as I have examiup fh T* ^P 088 ^, to 
I can fiBd onl the j attXentsan^ i I * f* microsco Pe 
to the stem, which is some fill <£?• to , rn bases attached 
shows signs of having Ten mor J f ^^ ^S' ratller rigid, 
first sight not unlike ^aSbeJTaSa^ £*■** and looks a * 
aduncum. Amongst these stem. i„ ^ * «»P»«m **ra W //n««» or 
scopic dust," is a g quant7ty ftiofuT alm ° 8t of " mic ^- 
these, I am disposed to think '1w L ^ &C> ° n e * a minin g 
bases of leaves have belonged to 5E? *f gm<mts of ti P s a ^ 
whether they belong to the stems £ £SSSf^T * ,ralo >*™> but 
Another longer and na row IZZ M ^ : I SCarcel y thi ^ *<>• 
Ca, U njlo 1>m , whilst several fragme^ sW Y? 7 ^ a leaf of a 
cell structure of Sphagnum, Ihe si* 7, dlst f fy the peculiar 
visible. Another scrap shows ShintS « ? T d , bem ^ distinctly 
of L*****, r<5pteJM 4iirmixcrirf^ e l andl)artof an °ther 

numerous diatoms, chieflyl SBSlfaSfcS? *" ^^ du8t are 
P-tion to decide; but, ^TSJ^l £& ?J£ 



ON A NEW iECHMEA FROM TOBAGO, 15 

structures, we are safe in considering that they have been there 
buried a goodly number of centuries. They have evidently been 
so long buried as to have undergone the first stages, at any rate, 
of fossilization, and they are the most ancient specimens of 
mosses that have come under my cognisance. For many years I 
have been hankering after a fossil moss, but have as yet come no 
nearer than these. I have seen specimens so labelled from Burnt- 
island which are not mosses at all — with which conclusion, by the 
way, Prof. Williamson, F.R.S., entirely agrees, and there can be 
no better authority on those beds, — and I have seen specimens 
from the " Halifax hard bed,'' in the coal measures, but these are 
also more than doubtful. I have seen specimens from other 
localities as well, but to all such I must append the same verdict. 

It would be interesting to be informed whether any undoubted 
specimens have been found in similar localities or in other for- 
mations, either in this or other countries ; and if so, what they 
are. I have seen various lists drawn up by Prof. Heer of the 
ciyptogamic plants from various localities, and from older deposits 
than the one above named, but in none of them have I seen any 
mention of mosses or their allies. Can any one supply information 
on this subject ? 



ON A NEW jECHMEA FROM TOBAGO. 

By J. G. Baker, F.R.S. 

In my recent synopsis of the genus /Eclimea I described (' Journ. 
Bot.,' 1879. p. 133) a very curious new species under the name of 
Mchmea dichlamydea from a single incomplete specimen in the 
herbarium of the British Museum, gathered long ago in the island 
of Tobago. This present summer Mr. Louis 0. Meyer, who had 
been occupied for some time previously working at the Kew 
Herbarium, took an engagement in that island, and I asked him to 
try and rediscover it. This he soon accomplished, and he has 
also found there two other species, one of them the widely-dispersed 
M. odor a, and the other new to science. 

The leaves of Mr. Meyer's specimen of M. dichlamydea were 
unfortunately destroyed by an accident, but he describes it as being 
similar in general habit to its allies, with a tuft of large lorate or 
lanceolate leaves in a sessile rosette, and a drooping inflorescence 
borne on a peduncle shorter than the leaves. In this specimen the 
panicle is a foot and a half long, and consists of about twenty 
oblong-deltoid dense heads borne on ascending peduncles varying 
from an inch and a half to four inches in length, which are 
subtended at the base by red-tinted lanceolate scariose primary 
bracts. The petals are bright violet -purple, but the lanceolate 
lamina, which protrudes beyond the bract and sepals, is not more 
than \-\ in. long, so that it would not be a species of much value 
from a horticultural point of view. 

The new species falls into the section Pironneava^ in the neigh- 
bourhood of sE. anau&ta. Bftker. which is axpel1ftnt.lv fiornvprl hv 



16 



ON SPERGULA ARVENSIS. 



Gaudichaud in the Atlas of the plants gathered in the Bonite 
expedition at tab. 63, under the name of Pironneava ylomerata. 

15*. JEchmea (Pironneava) Meyeri, Safer.— Produced leaves 
about a dozen in a sessile rosette ; dilated base oblong, 4-5 in. Ion* 
by about 3 in. broad; lamina lanceolate, a foot and a half lon^ 
1-1 i in. broad at the middle, narrowed gradually to the point, not 
so rigid m texture as in its near ally, the commonly-cultivated 
M. ffhmemta , Hook., plain green on the face, pale and finely 
striated and thinly lepidote down the back ; the basal prickles close, 
curved, lanceolate, brown-black, T ' T -£ in. long, the upper ones 
growing gradually smaller and more distant. Peduncle stifflv 
erect, above a foot long, with three or four large ascending clasping 
scanose red-tinted bract-leaves. Panicle dense, erect, oblong* 
deltoid, six or eight inches long by about half as broad, consisting 
of about ten globose multifarious heads on short stiff peduncles" 

SL T /? r?^ UOt , m ° re than an inch lon ?' subtended hy 
leflexed red-tinted lanceolate scariose bracts, like those of the 

Peduncle Heads consisting of 6-12 flowers each, about an inch 

or Zn e \ Wltl0Ut - tl ] B i petal8: flowe ^racts ovate-navicular, 
coiaceous about an inch bug, with a small brown cusp. Calyx 

SS g 25* Uli in> *W not le P idote ! ovai T nattened^n 
the side nearest the axis ; sepals lanceolate, rather longer than the 

ovary Wlt h only a small erect non-pungent cusp. Petals not seen! 
wlTi g C.X^ U treeS near th& SeasW ' aud fre ^-% in ^ 
feature's rfSL SSV* **¥ 1^\ as one of tlie characteristic 






ON SPERGULA ARVENSIS, Linn., AND ITS 

SEGBEGATES. 
By George Nicholson. 

struck with a peculiarity?* L 7- H , erl)! >"™, that I was 

fall or definL" ckta hal s „ "r 8 :« g TT ll ' 0al J**** As "° 

m «S EK.rF- ssaw ^ 

cent, vi., t. 701) and' S^i' ,'>' B ° eUn - < Reich - '^ant. Critic.', 
cent. vi. t. 705) Th^^Tl f ™' i Reidl - '^A. Critic.', 
hausen in his S fcofcES nn " ^^ aS s l )ccies b ? Boenning- 
(1824), p. 186- ai d of Z i f + ° r8e Mo, . lasteric »^ Westphalorum ' 
Uthoi's* ££) Te SwJSL'W? «*W that word in the 

»V ne gives a variety sp! M ro C ;<, P a, which, from the 



ON SPERGULA ARVENSIS. 17 

description, seems to differ very slightly from the type, the principal 
character residing in the papillae (seminum papillis fuscescentibus). 
This variety Reichenbach states he had not seen, but as I have 
noticed plants of S. vulgaris permanently exhibiting shades of 
colour (other then black, the normal colour) in the papillae, I am 
inclined to reject such characters as worthless. Although when 
growing, as far as my experience goes, S. sativa and S. vulgaris are 
quite distinct, and can be easily recognised, their differences seem 
to disappear when dried, and the only reliable characters are in the 
mature seed. The number of stamens is very variable in all the 
forms. S. sativa has minutely punctulate, margined seeds, and in 
a living state can be distinguished by its decidedly viscous, dull 
grey-green leaves and branches ; on the other hand, in S. vulgaris 
the seeds are obscurely margined, or totally devoid of wing, and beset 
with club-shaped papillae, generally quite black in fully-matured 
seeds. When growing the latter is conspicuous on account of its 
light grass-green leaves, altogether brighter-looking and less viscid 
than the former plant. 

In addition to the two plants just named, another form has been 
treated as a species — S. maxima, Weihe, and which, however, is 
nothing but very luxuriant vulgaris, only differing from that plant 
in its taller stems and larger seeds. At any rate, that is the verdict 
pronounced by Neilreich ('Flora von Wien '), Brebisson (' Flore de 
la Normandie '), and Boreau (' Flore du Centre de la France '), and 
other critical botanists have either called attention to the slight 
characters separating it from S. vulgaris, or have united it with that 
plant. D. Douglas found S. maxima u common on the banks of the 
River Columbia at Fort Vancouver, and near the ocean in open 
places," and, believing it to be distinct from previously described 
species, accorded it specific rank under the name of N. ramosissima* 
It was Sir W. J. Hooker, in ' Flora Boreali-Aniericana,' vol. i., p. 93, 
who first identified Douglas's plant as Weihe's "maxima." 

With regard to the distribution of S. sativa and S. vulgaris hi 
Britain, the former is nearly everywhere common, whilst the latter 
seems to find its maximum of frequency in the south, although 
Syrne, in ' English Botany,' says that he has only seen it from 
Lancashire. The ' Flora of Middlesex,' however, gives a number 
of localities, and I have specimens from various places in the 
neighbouring county, Surrey. At Kew both forms grow together, 
whilst at Petersham I could find no trace of S. sativa, and S. vulgaris 
was very abundant. A number of plants collected for me at 
Albury, near Guildford, by Mr. W. Kemp, of the Royal Gardens, 
Kew, all proved to be 8. vulgaris, as also were specimens collected 
at Lyndhurst, in Hampshire, by Mr. J. G. Baker. Babington, in 
'Prirnitiae Florae Sarnicae ' (1839), says, "sativa has not been 
observed in these islands"; and I have the evidence of Mr. W. 
Hillhouse that the same state of affairs still obtains, for during a 
ramble over all the Channel Islands during last summer he failed 
to find a single plant of S. sativa, although he kept a special look- 
out for it. Some months ago I was botanising in Yorkshire (North 
and West Ridings), in the vicinity of Edinburgh, in Perthshire and 

D 



18 



ON SPERGULA ARYtiNSIS. 



Aberdeenshire, but although S. satira was extremely abundant in 
most places, S. vulgaris seemed entirely absent ; and'l am informed 
by Prof. J. W. H. Trail that during his botanical excursions in 
Aberdeenshire and the surrounding counties he carefully examined 
the Spergulas he met with, but failed to find S. vulgaris. This 
negative evidence, coupled with the foregoing facts, goes to prove 
that although S. vulgaris may be common in some places, it 
is certainly (m Britain) much the rarer of the two forms. 

To return however, to the specimens in the Kew Herbarium 
and at the British Museum. By far the greater number are 
labelled with the aggregate name arvmm, but I have carefully 
examined them and determined to which of the two forms the 
different specimens belong. The results show that although 
8. satira is by far the prevailing plant, as far as Britain is 
concerned, the very opposite holds good when the total distribution 

shonfl IT Y} 7 - T ° f .V V ° yP^wflj e <l uall y Prolific seeders 
should so far outstrip the other I cannot explain. The following 

are the results of my examinations : -the countries, &c, from 

Z^L, V 1r U LaS b f n Sent I 8™ iu alphabetical order, 
mentioning the name of collector, and herbarium number of 

specimen where it seems desirable to do so. There are no wild 

British specimens at Kew, unless an unrealised specimen L the 

Borrerian Herbarium be one, but in the British MuLum theie are 

examples from Hampshire, Middlesex, and Bucldngham-Boume 

rtt T n '' StameS ' Trimen; Little ^™> Ehzabeth 
Chandler. A specimen of Foreter's (unlocalised) belong here as 

well as S. major from Hampstead in Herb. John kill ° ' 

Abyssinia, Schimper, 1166; Angola, Welwitsch ; Azores 
Plant* Canarienses,' 334, Rev. R. T. Lowe, G. Mann F D 

Sr k?l 0t 0? ; F " RhiU ' BlU0t 1 ' 1 781 ; Ceylon,' Th'wL?; 
uorsica, Jiralik 503 ; France, many collectors ; Geneva Boissior 

HorTehl 1 - 11 V HeidelbUrg ' V ? M fF'' ^eland,Babn^t nt Java; 

£e wou mlland , New Orleans, Brummond ; Nylgherries • Ohio 
Doubleday; Oran, several collectors ; Portugal, wffl'ta 

sever* collectors Spam Willkomm, Buricu, Bourgeau, 2612 

and several oX™ J ^ ilookci ' Salzmann ; Smyrna, Heldreich 
collectors! ' VanC0Uver ' ***&» '> Westphalia, several 




collected by Lan-e and 3 ,,' ° ; ' «""■«•. V ar. vi*cosa, 

Heldreic] Jron N V; I ,^ ^TV"" f^^sa, collect,,! l>y 
as it is found in' tf',? *? * gUred ^ Seichenbach, and 
yracilis is a siaU ^k^^!**^ * -^o,,,'var. 
«lend,r .ems, smiple ^ n ?^^^?^ with 



MOSS FLORA OF THE W10ST RIDING OF YORK -HIRE. 19 

The distribution of S. sativu seems to prove that it affects colder 
countries than S % vulgaris, the only exceptions to this rule being 
specimens from Smyrna collected by Heldivich : Spain, Bourgeau, 
2379 ; and Portugal, Welwitsch, 812. From Iceland examples are 
sent by Paullsen ; St. Petersburg, Dr. Eegel ; Saxony, Hausmann, 
981 ; Herford (Westphalia), Weihe — in company with S. vulgaris 
and maxima ; Sleswig Holstein, Hansen, 449 ; and there are also 
specimens from Stockholm and Upsala. On the label of the 
specimens from the latter locality is printed, " In agriis Upsalien- 
sibus locoLinneano." All the English, Irish, and Scotch specimens 
at Kew belong to S. satira. 

In addition to the above there are many Spergulas in such an 



nn 



I 



believe, however, that in any case they would not materially 
affect the facts or alter the contrast in the geographical spread of 
the two plants. 



BECENT ADDITIONS TO THE MOSS-FLOBA OF THE 

WEST BIDING.— SUPPLEMENTARY LIST. 

By C. P. Horkirk, F.L.S. 

The following eleven species and varieties are supplementary 
to my previous list (< Journ. Bot.,' 1879, pp. 337, 365). They have 
been furnished to me for publication by my friend, Mr. W. West ; 
were for the most part gathered by himself, and all, except one, 
have been confirmed by either Mr. Boswell or Bev. J. Fergusson, 
so that the fullest reliance may be placed upon the accuracy of the 
nomenclature. 

Andrema falcata, Schpr. L. Ingleborough, April, 1878, also 
Bangh Fell, April, 1879; Messrs. Parsons, Nuttall and West. 

Rhabdowtima denticulata, Brid. L. Howgill Fells, April, 1879, 
Dr, Parsons: 



DieraneUa cri&pa, Hedw. A. 



9, W 

forim 



Auct. L. Ingleborough, April, 1878, W. West. 
Qrimmia avocarva. var. rivularut. Ni^es & H. T. 



W 



W. BaughFell, 



Entmthodm Templetoni, Hook. L. Cantley Spout, April, 1879, 
in fruit, W. West. 

Fissolms enmipes, Wils. W. Arncliffe, October, 1878, in fruit, 
W. West. 

Hypnum C mi, Schp, L. Howgill Fells, April, 1879, W. West. 
/./. fahatum, Brid., var. tiresans. W. A. Arncliffe, Malham, 
Gordale ; all W. West. 

II. i pnssi forme, L., var. filiformc. L. W. Sedbergh, Whernside ; 
Bolton Woods ; all W. West. 

//. cupres forme, L., var. < mpressum. A. Bonibald's Moor, com- 
mon, W. West. 



20 



SHOET NOTES 



New British Fungi. - The following species of Fungi, new to 



Wood 



Hope ( Jub at Hereford last autumn: descriptions of them are given 
? rnr! 6 ? f ° r December : - ^"ricrn (Trichoma) atrocitSreut, 

A. (Clitocybe) amarus, A. (Colhjbia) extuberam, A. (C.) hu-ipes, A. (M,,- 

A (Leptoma) chloropohm, A. (Hebeloma) mussivm, A. (H.) pekwino- 
«« A. ylmcijbe) asterosporus, A. (I.) hirsutus, Coprinus sarins , Cor- 

cdtotm 0. (Dtrmocybe) mtenm, C. (Telamonia) palmceus, C. (T.) 

utbicus, C. (T.) scutulaKts, 0. (H^lrocybe) uraceus, C. (HA ascilJ 



The Source of Damiana.-TIus has been recently determined to 

W.rd a in P tr<V ZZTZ'jVfj** deSCribed b/ Mr. Lester F. 
Ward m the < Virginia Medical Monthly ' for April, 1876 (« 49) 

SliTC? "< r Gly t0 bG ? Verl001 ^' S0 ™ think it tht J o 

extract it here :— « Turnera aphrodmaca, L. F. Ward C-ilvx 

tubular funnel-form, the lobes shorter than the Tube.' Styles 

reS sh Inst,; £*"" f^f^ StemS "<***> *» *™3to 

lower t?Z of XT? l° r 1 T nUl0SG ' aS Wel1 as the P etiole * *** 

o nine P hues i! w'^T ° b ° Vate to ^laiiceolate, six 
iu nine lines long, two to three lines wide on short iWJaIpq 

rest abortive and £££S» T*5?*? ! ^ a , few maturin S> the 
Western Mexico K w?*f" In; JKl* S Und ln d ^ «**» P^es in 



rontfa. Gray and on* nv +" li ""WW*, DO. tf^fcww 

P«mW J ' d ° ne 01 two otller Plants are also known as 



PlaSarum* "l C so ) * Z™ I 1 B f ntbam & H00ker ' 8 ' *~ • 
the order Gnti aZ \Te L l ° • g0n0ri \ CXCluS * v " d " 1,ia " of 

Chil./ ii., 529, e^Endl Gen^ g: ^?*' Miers > ' Trav ' 

Among Mr.Miers* MsTL ', f i ' n . omiae ta,ltum no *a est." 

of tii^^^^fJ2ffi ; lra l? n f aml a f « u description 

Miers/who aS«' tSu lth *?£ ^ °»* Mr ' 

wm plant m MS. !/**», ,/„/,./,, distingmshes it 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 21 

generically from Ruellia, and says it is remarkable for having a 
a fifth sterile stamen, and for the peculiar hairs that cover the 
testa of its seeds. — James Britten. 



Nottttg tif Boofts autr ffimoix*. 



Monographic Phaneroymnarum. Prodromi nunc continuatio, nunc 

revisio. Auctoribus Alphonso et Casimir DeCandolle 
aliisque Botanicis ultra memoralis. Vol. ii. Arace*:. 
Auctore Engler. G. Masson, Paris, September, 1879. 

It is now nineteen years since Schott published his ' Prodromus 
Aroidearurn,' which has remained until now the standard mono- 
graph of the Order. During the time that has since elapsed a 
large number of species have been described in scattered works, 
and our collections have been enriched by a large amount of 
additional material, which has made it requisite that a new 
monograph should be written. This has been undertaken by 
Prof. Engler, of Kiel, and forms one of the new series of mono- 
graphs under the editorship of the MM. DeCandolle. The first of 
these was reviewed in this Journal for 1878, p. 309, where the 
purpose, style, and character of the work is fully set forth; there- 
fore all that it is necessary to do in reviewing the present volume 
is to give an outline of the general plan, and criticise its 
contents. The author includes in the Order Aracea the genus 
Pistia, and the Lemnacea as sub-families; but as the Lemnacea 
have been so recently monographed by Hegelmaier, they are 
omitted from the present book. The work is divided into two parts. 
The first part, occupying fifty-five pages, is devoted partly to the 
anatomy and morphology of the stems, leaves, and flowers, and 
partly to the geographical distribution of the Order. The second 
part is entirely systematic, containing a synopsis of the genera, 
or what the author calls a natural system of the Aracea 
(p. 62) ; after which follow descriptions of the genera and species. 
The whole concludes with two very useful indices ; the first being 
an index of the numbered collections seen and determined by Prof. 
Engler, with a reference to the page and species under which each 
number will be found quoted in the body of the work ; the second, 
of the genera, species and synonyms. No plates are given. Such 
is the plan, and an excellent one it is ; but, unfortunately for those 
who require to use the book, the systematic part is worked up with 
such little care, and so many inaccuracies and discrepancies occur, 
that it is far from being a complete or satisfactory monograph. 
The tables of geographical distribution are perhaps the most 
interesting feature of the work, and, although inaccurate in some 
particulars, are still sufficiently correct to give a good idea of the 
general distribution of the Aracea ; the plant-regions adopted are 
those proposed by Prof. Grisebach. The tables show that about 
thirteen-lburteenths of the whole are confined to the tropical 



22 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIBS. 

regions, the majority belonging to the New World. Over 400 
species inhabit Tropical America ; Tropical Asia and the Indian 
Archipelago have over 200 species ; and Tropical Africa onlv about 
30 species It is remarkable that although Arads abound on the 

ZnZ*t °i **£$* °* Bou * h **"*+ only one species has 

yet been found in Chili. According to these tables, no true Arads 

have been found m New Zealand, the Sahara, California or Jh 
Piame region of North America; the Azores, New Hebrides, Fiji 
Isles and the Pampas of South America have each one species 
Of the principal tribes or subfamilies, the Pothoide* are mos 

moTtTtle n Oirw S I? t & NeW W °, r1 ?' klt th ° «*«™ nnSSS 
most in the Old World ; the genera of the Motuteroidea are about 

equally divided between the two hemispheres, but the s "cies are 
rather more numerous in the western hemisphere; the L« W, , 
PhilodendrotCe, and OolocaHaidm have more genera butfewS 

£S£ all Old W^ *** » J* New T^***Z 
Z^lt^L^T™^™ ™^ abundant in India 



ana me Indian Archipelago. From this it appears that the t 7 
dency to variation has been to produce a largV n unl r of ^eiieric 

m the western hemisphere whprp tli*™ «™ *., ^i^cxo, wiu 

founded upon entirely now dS3, « • gGnera ° U + 62 is 
(even if in all cases con-- «t w i in i aonbtful if these characters 



do not possess. Tho sv^Am ,i™„ I ie( l uue to use this book 
that ofSchott and ifvty i vo ved ^Ti ^ be «"* better *" 
figures to denote the f o ,7st" act?e ^ SV* ° f letterS and 
series of mathematical uTobl^doS^ *&***&*«»* of a 

If these anatomi d chaVac , nave Invtl fti* "?"»% 
GamocMai , f s i, w ftf , . • , ,in y %,lIUi '- ^ w curious that 

Jhxcha^och^ is now found to be Jenti M 7"-' l ? 

famdy via., ten genera inter >nimr! ' pUced m 8llb * 

Iho descriptions of the renew nr, l o~ • 

better ,,k„ than Ul080 of S,l,o! n i i ™ U 1 :;! S u , ar » ™ ■*" * 

bm iioaiomus, the synonyms, 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 23 

figures, and collectors being quoted under each, but they would 
Lave been much improved if the author had headed them with a 
brief distinctive diagnosis, similar to those employed by A. DeCan- 
dolle in his monograph of the Smilacece. The type adopted for the 
synonyms is the same as in the first volume : some improvement 
in this respect is much needed. The genera and species are much 
reduced in number, and the reduction of many of Schott's species 
seems carried too far. Scliott, in his ' Prodromus ' (published in 
18G0), enumerates over 960 species ; since then a large number of 
others have been described, yet the total number of species 
enumerated by Engler is only 800, including 31 here described for 
the first time; he has reduced many of Schott's species to 
synonyms without having seen the types, not having consulted the 
English herbaria, in which a large number of Schott's types are 
preserved : there is no statement as to what herbaria have been 
seen by him, so that it is difficult to know to what extent the 
descriptions have been made from authentic specimens. It is to 
be regretted that the author did not examine the types in the 
herbaria of the British Museum and Kew ; had he done so, the 
synonymy might have been made much more correct, and several 
doubtful species might have been cleared up, such as HomaJoniena 
major, minor, and rostratum, Griff, (published by a misprint as 11. 
Roshalum), Arum GrijjiUiii, Sch., &c. Some important generic 
changes are made; thus Thomsoma and Staurostigma, being older 
names, are adopted in place of Pythoniiuu and Asterostigma ; 
Bracht/sjiatha and Gonophattw are reduced to sections of the genus 
Amorphophcdlus ; Leptopstion, Cylleniuui, and Ischarum to sections of 
the genus Biarum ; Tap'nwcurpus and Calyptrocorym to Therio- 
phonum; and Heterostalis to a section of Typhonium. Only one 
new genus is created — Porphyrospatha, Engl., a split off from 
Syngonium. One of the new species, viz., Aristana tripartitum, 
Eng. (Oldham, 819), is not an Arisania, but identical with 
Pmdlia tripartita, Sch. ; it is incorrectly described by Engler. In 
most of the genera a grouping clavis is given to facilitate the 
determination of the species; this is a great improvement upon 
Schott's < Prodromus/ and of great use, but unfortunately, in some 
instances, the author has not made a happy selection of characters ; 
thus in Anthurium the form and colour of the berries are used as 
primary characters in the clavis ; this is very misleading, -as the 
berries of a large proportion of the species are unknown, and when 
known will not always be found to fit with his clavis; e.g., A. 
domininnse (p. 154) is placed in a group characterised as having 
"baccie subglobosse, virescentes M (p. 153) ; this plant fruits every 
year at Kew, and the ripe berries are obovoid and bright purple- 
red ! Sometimes also his description of the berries is at variance 
with the clavis ; thus on p. 116 is a group with " baccae subglobosse," 
under which are placed A. coriaeeum, A. Olfersianum, and J. Ian* 
ceolatum, and the berries of all these he describes as obovoid! In 
the genus Arwema, also, A. d ipiens, Sch., is placed in the wrong 
group, owing to his having misunderstood Schott's description; 
the spadix of this species is straight, subtruncate, and only reaches 






24 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

to the mouth of the spathe-tube, but it is placed by Engler with 
A.JUtformem a group in which the appendix is very long, filiform, 

Ztfr^lT - ; t haMta t, too, of A. decipieJ is Khasia, as 
bchott stated m his original description, and not Java. The 

r^fifT T me ° f , hlS P1 1 mar y g rou P in g characters might with 
lltJ^ e ^ T dQ T° h sim P ler; f °r instance, on p. 192 is a 
BS cl J aracte «sed :-<< Foliorum adultorum nervi Lerales I. 

°2 ° Si ? m6dl ? ffi <i ul0raBB ®. lib e^ vel omnes vel nonnulhe 
exeunts •-' °t r^ m{ei ™ co ™f*> * partitiones aut in segmenta 

Si ^rl.S IT*" r at . ? e adult leaves are either palmi- 
paitate pedatrpartite, or digitate. On p. 451 is a statement that 



'/fenbach 



to+W rror, 110 l 7 L 7, i "V/" 11 "^ certainly does not belong 
not onlv^ fh.^ fT^ 7 ° Pkilo(l ^on; this is incorrect, fo? 
ttflvSFVr? the , hablt am ^"»cter of the plant such that it is 
t^*.T}^* h ™ ¥. c - ld be deceived, but the 



Tve v confn 'V q 1 ^V*?**- The *1*°W*7 of this genus 
is veiy confused. Some plants seem to be imperfectly or inaccu- 

Press errors are very numerous ami nn kJ* ""b 1 ™. 11 ' . 

Hoik, f, ; -Msys ^^j^n *"**■* 

and of Zantedesehia occuL Spr ad 1 ""Wonm, Kth. ; 

mention is made Theirid^^v, u g , enus A "*™ontis, no 

determined by the ant W?. the numbered collections seen and 

to the book but is bt no ^ f * md most ***** appendage 

must exist in the various hei'rh for iT™ f **? *" that 
have doubled the list. Some o thf dlr^ ^T ^^ nearly 
to be correct, at least ac^rdW determuwhons do not appear 
Wallich, 8928 is stated 1 ?• ° the Kew material; thus 

mmHer-'iTS toft ItiH^ailT* T' atu, "> Kth -> but this 

Plant : Hahn, 10^0 t ^ £ '» fe*^ a totally different 
**par t but this number is a MotuLra ^T?i Ju ! n *'' nMm "»> ™r. 
species and synonyms a con.lrW \° m tbe mdex of £ en era, 

It is much Jbe 1£^£^*^£™V S °^£ 

this monograph. as not keen given to 



N. E. Brow 



N. 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 25 

Classification and Description of the American Species of Charucea. 

By B. D. Halsted. Proceedings of the Boston Society of 
Nat. Hist., vol. xx., pp. 169-190. 

Under the above title an account is given of some of the Charas 
of the United States. Eighteen species are enumerated, of which 
fifteen are common to Europe ; of the remaining three, one is 
new, C. Bobbin su, which would appear to be a very remarkable 
plant, especially from the description of the leaves " ending in a 
whorl of large bracts "; another, C. ggmnopus, is of wide extra- 
European distribution; and the third, " Xitella yclatinosa," being 
monoecious, is evidently not the Australian N. gelatinosa, A. Br. 
Among the more prominent United States species altogether 
unnoticed in this paper, we may cite Chara sejuncta, C. intermedia, 
Nitella pralonga and N. acuminata, and the account of the Characea 
in the ' Plants LindheimeriansB,' in 'Boston Journ. Nat. Hist./ 
1845, has apparently been overlooked. We must take exception to 
the statement that in Tolypclla intricata the antheridia are terminal, 
on which assumption this species is here placed under the genus 
Xitella. It is hardly necessary to mention that were this the case 
the genus TolypeUa would not be tenable. In the introduction a 
short account is given of the structure and development of the 
Charas. It is evident that the author has examined a large number 
of specimens, and it is to be hoped that the American representa- 
tives of this too-much neglected group will continue to receive his 
attention. H. & J. G. 



On the Popular Names of British Plants. By E. C. A. Prior, M.D. 

Third Edition. Williams & Norgate. 1879. 

^ The earlier editions of this book have been so fully noticed in 
this Journal (i. 378, ix. 23), that it is unnecessary to do more than 
call attention to the appearance of a third edition of a work which 
is invaluable to all who are interested in tracing the derivation of 
English plant-names. There are many slight alterations and 
corrections, showing that Dr. Prior is still at work upon the 
subject; and a few new derivations are added, to one or two of 
which — e.g., that of Bagged Bobin, at p. 195 — we should be 
inclined to take exception. We also notice that an error of 
synonymy which crept into the second edition is uncorrected in this : 
Orobas tuberosus, L., which was given in the first edition as the Latin 
equivalent of Kipper-nut, is not the same as Vicia Orobus, DC, 
but Lathyrua mocrorrhizus, Wimm. But the trifling nature of such 
blemishes as this is really a very strong testimony to the value of 
the book as a whole. It is strange that some of our best known 
names — e.g., Cowslip and Paigle — should remain without any 
satisfactory explanation. With Britten & Holland's ' Dictionary 
of English Plant-names' and this volume, which is its indispensable 
companion, the popular nomenclature of the plants of this country 
is probably more fully elucidated than is the case with any other 
branch of Natural History. J. B. 

E 



26 NOTICES OP BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

Other New Books.— J. Klinge, ' Vergleichende, Histologic 
untersuchung der Gramiiieen-und-Cyperaceen-Wurzela ' (3 tab.) 
St. Petersburg, 1879 (2 mk. 80 pf.) (Mem. Acad. Imp. Sc. S-Pe- 
tersb., &c, 7, tab. xxvi., no. 12). — Otto Kuntze, ' Methodik der 
bpecies-beschreibung und Rubus ' (ltab.) Leipzig, 1879 — F von 
Ihumen, 'Die Pocken des Weinstockes ' (Gloeosporium ampelopha- 
gwn Sacc), (1 tab) Vienna, 1880. - W.H. Fitch & W.G.Smith, 
Illustrations of the British_ Flora ' (12s.) L. Eeeve & Co. — G-. 

L. Reeve 



entham 



t" C «- — H. Baillon, 'Natural History of Plants,' vol. v.' (25s.) 
JU. lieeve & Co. v / 



Articles in Journals.— November. 

Anmdes des Sciences Naturelles, ser. 6, viii., 5-6. — J. Vesque 
New researches on the development of the embryo-sac in Anrio- 
spermous Phanerogams ' (tt. 12-21). g 

of Nonvfv'" B °V ^SW?' N °- i)'- Ram ^d, 'On vegetation 
ot JN oi way. —P. von Tieghem, 'On secondary liber-ligneous 

S X rin , .TV 7 G ' B °T e f & C Mahault, ' DistrfbXn 
ot plants in the central region of the Scandinavian peninsula '— 
P von Tieghem, ' On the fermentation of cellulose.' -E Prhlieux 

££ Sutf • Ct t t ; ~d L " ^^3£T«f some^ritS 
influence of the iWscop^ Lie oVtS 'on veSti* 8 tj 

ski B FrS c ; Li t of *s?M ffstssse 

O Rivite ' ^n ? h* w P6S T? T 1 1 raii0reS Flone Japonic^.' 
api^^o^tthaX^P^^ ^- f-Pofion of 

cause of the formation of ihTi i V V*'/ 0n the nature and 

( *£s£ s a; °- dim «» && &s " 

morphological sitimtinri A f n oc ' UJ . t 1 tma ^ ia - — <r. Bonnier, ' On the 
P. van Sem « On thi Zt poU ? 1 SaCS *» HeUeboru* f«Udm.>- 

Id., 'Value SL^' 110 ?'' caused b y «» dngtdUula:^ 
'Stipules ^nSoSiy^d^ nt ^ "^T?' CJ °S 

Plants in basm of the Ubave > ( \,~ ^^ * CM °« m ° f 



PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 27 

American Naturalist. — J. C. Martindale, ' Colorado plants. 1 — 

W. Trelcase, •Fertilisation of native species of Clitoria and 

Centrosema.' 

Botanisker Xotiser (Nov. 3). — V. B. Wittrock, 'On Linn ceo 
boreal is 9 (contd.) — P. G. E. Tlieorin, ' Hynienomyeetes Gotho- 
burgenses , (contd.) — D. Bergental, ' Localities in South Halland 
and North Bohnslan,'— J. E. Zetterstedt, ' Vegetation of Visingso.' 

(EsUrrische Hot. Zeitsch rift. — R. F. Solla, ' Researches on the 
intercellular substance. ' — G. Beck, * On some Orchids of Lower 
Austria.' — F. v. Thiimen, 'Syniboke ad fl. Mycolog. Austriacum ' 
(contd.) — L. Celakowsky, 'Botanical Notes.' 

Hedwigia. — Rehm, ' Remarks on the Ascomycetes' (contd.) 
G. Winter, ' Mycological Notices.' 

Dot. Zeituny.—IL Prantl, ■ On the influence of light on the 
bilaterality of the fern-prothallium.'— J. Moella, ' JEschpwmene 
aspera, Willd.'— W. E. A. Yoight, ' Anatomy of the Marchantiacecc ' 
(tab. 9). — A. de Bary, ' Mcidium abietinum 1 (tab. 10). 

Grei'illea.—B. Carrington, ' New British Hepatica (Riccia 
glaucescens, Carr., sp.n., JR. tumida, Lindb., Gymnomitrium crassi- 
folium, Carr., sp.n., Junyermannia nccicmsis, Carr., sp.n., Diplo- 
phyllum wyriocarpum, Carr., sp.n.)— E. Boudier, 'Dehiscence of 
Asci in Discomycetes. 1 — De Thuemen, 'Fungi iEgyptiaci,' 
(Oidium ^ medicayineum , Sorosporiuni desertorum, Uredo Isiacew, 
Spharopsis Calotropidis, spp. nov.) — M. C. Cooke, * A new genus of 



ser. n. 



Fun 



species 



C. B. Pio wright, 



1 Propagation of Spkmria fimbriata. 1 — ' Woolhope Club Meeting, 
1879 ' (contains descriptions of several fungi new to Britain, of 
which a list is given at p. 20 of this Journal. 

Bull. Bot. Soc. Belg. (vol. xviii., pt. i.)— F. Crepin, •Primitive 
Monographic Rosarum' (contd.) 

Flora. — J. Miiller, 'Lichenes Japonici' (several new species). 
— H. Conwentz, ' On a Miocene Conifer from sulphur- mines of 
Comitini at Girgenti.'— K. A. Henniger, 'Hybrids of plants 1 

(contd.) — S. Schunck, ■ Gnaphalium sylraticum, ft. rectum.' — L. Cela- 
kowsky, 'On viridescent ovules of Hesperis matronal is 1 (contd.) 

0. Bockeler, ' Cyperacece of Tropical Africa ' (Kyllinyia Soyauxii, 
Soyaux, No. 175, K. Naumanniana, Naumann, No. 153, spp.n.) 



liroceeHmga <»f Societies, 



Royal Society. 

Xorrmber 27, 1879.— The President, W. Spottiswoode, Esq., in 
the chair. — A Report on Phyto-Palaeontological Investigations on 
the Fossil Flora of Sheppey, by Baron Ettingshausen, Professor 
in the University of Graz, Austria, was read, of which the 



28 



PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 



following is a summary :— One of the most important localities 
for the Eocene Flora of Great Britain, and perhaps of the 
tertiary formation generally, is the Isle of Sheppey, in which 
are found great numbers of fossil fruits and seeds. I feel sure 
that we possess in them the key to a more precise determina- 
tion of many of the genera and species of fossil plants which in 
other localities are known only by their leaves. Amongst the 
bneppey fossils are now and then found fragments of the basis of 
the leaf of a palm, probably of Sabal major ; on one such fragment I 
found the apothecia of a Spharia. Of the G>n„nosperw<c there were 
found fruits and seeds of Sequoia Botoerbanku, also fragments of 
twigs Ihe seeds of the Cupreasmea and Abietinea had lost their 
wmg-hke expansions, which shows that the fruits and seeds were 
carried some distance in water, consequently their delicate mem- 
branous wings were injured and broken off by rubbing. There are, 
therefore no perfect winged fruits and seeds to be found. In fact, 
even the firmer wings of the Acer-fruit have been entirely lost, and 
it is impossible to determine the species of the Acer-nucules which 
remain. The appearance of the SalisburU, seeds is interesting; the V 
are very remarkable for their sharp, prominent edge. The easily- 
th To? Tr, 16 ^ 6 ^ n a *W w " h ™ not as yet been found fn 

o fn!it I ° ra °l G i ea ^' ltain - *"* is indicated °y a valve 
lUS™ ' « •"' ° f Whlch leaves are not infrequently found at 
Bournemouth, is represented by a berry. Of Mma, of which only 

lESrti S? 7 et b T f °, Und ' there are Seeds - <* AnumlmXl 
kinds of fruit have been found. These have hitherto been mis- 
taken for sinal er fruits of Nipadites. The many species of palms 

aTfo kfn t 1 n ' mt ; °^ he Sahal aud M '" tea *he leaves 

o t£ sLnni F? m ° * 7 " m 7i Cenic "' the ^mvaonest palm 
ot the bheppey Flora, is nearly allied to E. mdanocoeca and 

wt he W/7 1C t aTe plaC0<1 m • / '"»''""'- might be united 
t is vei-; il I' IT f Bom ff^: ** «* other 'hand, I think 

with ZVrtlVr /°T ° he ki " ,ls of oak frait * Respond 
Bonn emonl T w ds /\ f , oa, i leave « which are to be met with at 

S e S P * wo of 1 1C Bournemouth species are also found 

iSrS' ai A T ° ne 1 ? f these ' Querc "° L "™ h ^ also in 
tt /,„ whch^ ?T 1 "S^iF* **»** all the characters of 
^ '' 1 l llldl 1S fo " nd m the Miocene Flora. The aW.™ of 



frequfnay fblTS %tm ^ *"&* Bo «™^outh. Va< m is 



Shonnev Tin. T ; nn ;i u £-,',« ma - y stl11 be l° und 1U 

~ t the fossil „ f Bi,ro f ;i;::' ":;::;•' r hioh vt? 

have found amongst the ShciZv fr nit, ,oT i ' C " y '- W l" C '' * 
&*««, the leaves of which 'L™ be" \ o t' on v f .i' ' T V"""" S 

mouth hut nlcn ii> *!*« a i : V on v iouj id in Bourne- 

mouth, but also id the Austrian feoeene (Sotzka, Hiring), where 



PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 29 

they occur associated with berries. The occurrence of a species of 
Xyssa, I think, may be also accepted for the Bournemouth strata. 
Of the Protectees, besides Petrophiloides, a seed belonging to the 
Protea occurs, perhaps corresponding with the leaf which I have 
seen among the fossils of Alum Bay. In Bournemouth and Alum 
Bay were found the seeds of some other Proteacm which are not 
in Sheppey, as they have delicate wings. Some of the cones 
referred by Bowerbank to Petrophiloides belong to Sequoia. The 
Gamopetala are represented by many genera, of which almost all 
appear also in the Miocene Flora. The fruit of Cinchonidium of 
Sheppey and the leaves of a species of Ginchottidinm from Bourne- 
mouth may belong together. I accept the same for the Apocyno- 
pkyllum fruit of Sheppey and the corresponding leaf of Bournemouth. 
This last accords in all its characters with A. Reus si, which also 
appears in the fossil Flora of Sagor. But I have not found up to 
the present time, in the Eocene Flora of Great Britain, any leaf 
belonging to the characteristic genus Strychnos, the seeds of which 
are met with at Sheppey. Of the SapotacKe there are two species 
of seeds, which perhaps correspond with two species of Sapotace<e 
leaves of the Bournemouth Flora. One of these extends throughout 
in the Tertiary Flora ; the other, on the contrary, seems to be 
peculiar to the Eocene Flora. Two species of Diospyros, which 
are common both to Sheppey and Bournemouth, are peculiar to 
this Flora. The species of Symplocos is common to Sheppey and 
Sagor : in these two localities the putamen was found. In corres- 
ponding abundance are represented the Dialypetalce. They are 
specially characteristic of the Eocene Flora in general, and of the 
Sheppey Flora in particular. To the first belong Magnolia 

eocenica, Eugenia eocenica, Sapindus eoceuicus, Metrosideros micro- 

carpa, and Bauhhua primiyenia, whose leaves or fruits are to be 
found associated together in Bournemouth. To the last belong 
the genera Meimpermacites, Victoria, Thlaspidium, Corchorites, 
Theobroma, Lawsonia ; the species Illidum ApoUinis, Nelumbium 
microcarpum, L'ucumites Sheppyensis, Cotoneaster Sheppyenm, Prunus 
prisca and Druidum, Amygdalus eocenica and Sporadum, Podo- 
yonium Sheppyense, &c. Belonging also to other Eocene Floras 
and to the Miocene Flora we have here only the Dialypetalous 
plants, Nelumbium Buchii, and Eucalyptus oceanica. Amongst the 
fruits and seeds of Sheppey we find also some species of herbaceous 
or tender plants whose leaves would not be preserved in the 
Tertiary strata. To these belong the seeds of Solanites eleyans, 
Menispermites abut aides f Cucumites Sheppyeiisis, the fruits of Thlas- 
pidium ovatum, and of Corchorites. \ 



Linnean Society of London. 

Xocember 6, 1879. — Prof. Allman, F.B.S., President, in the 
chair. — W. H. Twelvetrees, Esq., of Orenburg, Russia, was elected 
a Fellow of the Society. — Mr. W. T. Thiselton Dyer exhibited some 
photographs of vegetation, including trees of Cinchona LedyeHana, 
taken in the Botanic Garden of Buitenzorg, Java. — Mr. W. A. 



30 PKOCEKDINGS otf SOCIETIES. 

Shoolbred showed a series of stereoscopic photographs of groups 
of plants on behalf of Mr. T. H. Worsley I3enison°- The following 
botanical papers were read :_ < Note on the structure and habit of 
Hemilem vartatrw,' by Dr. Morris. The author adds a few points 

t S + ? + T ge 0± thi8 ? estructive P^asite on coffee-leaves, 
boc . xvn. 173). As it was hrst described from the dried leaves 

h^Z^V^ 7 ^ VerkCtlj kQ0Wn ' «"d Mr. Cooke seems to 
orZ^tt™ de01 ^<ms wart-like papilla for the spores. The 

as Zcht 7, S I "" 11863 C ° nt , ain SpM ' es ' Which Mr. Abbay describes 
as attached to the inner surface of the sporange. This, however 

is opposed to Mr. Morris's observations. Certain dar brown 
bodies underneath the sporanges and in the substance of he leaf 
Mr Motif ,°n d0nh \ M r^ by Mr. Abbay, are, according to 

W ^within Z P °, S / tf J ? ECked thrcads 0f the mjceUnm 
lying witton the cavity of the stomata. During the south wp«»t 

cTvrr by Te^eh U AP f ^ b f k and ^es exteSaUy^ 
enler the ston^ nT ^ the T* weather * filaments do not 

thfconidi o All "T ° UtSlde ' Jt is * this sta S e tliat 
but thP ™ti° A ^7 (secondary spores of Thwaites) are formed, 
but the author had failed to discover them ; although keot on 

L soITi,2 £ th^c&o^clT Wt point 1 

bracts being successive i« «i-;JT cyme — l. Opposite pairs of 
»— woVdTeTvlt 7 Tot" 2£ "f V he T Uing f 

the bracts (when present J in p \ • ?' Tlie P 0Sltl0n of 
flowers. 3 There arPaL < (,o) 1S not °PP osite *o the 

5. Authors have ffl If f alse impression of dichotomy. 

(as it is now propped to ca P^ -*? 6 ^ SC01 * ioid raceme 
sympodial mfloCcence it ^^ , SpiCate degradations of 
system, and explains \ 1??^ refers * to tbe ^definite 
which he first dfscoveref inT^ * ■ ^ P m . 0iple ° f l^^xis, 
and decussate lmJT&£ m^T'™' V1Z " ln res °l™g opposite 
as is usually the else on a con^ 0neS ; ?!**»* of their lying, 
through three-fourths of ^ £ ^F^ *»• ^line oaffil 
flower to bract in Zl exa tlv 'thT lf * Ln . e be drawn from 
foliage of L^mfrtfwu, w il Lpresel tST ^J??*"" 1 aS f ° r the 
of the Borayinece. In pvaX !??H I ^^ scorpioid cyme 

J ". -in practical illustration of the above Mr. 



PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 31 

Henslow demonstrated his theory by some ingeniously contrived 
apparatus, rendering abstruse points easily comprehensible. 

November 20, 1879.— Prof. Allman, F.R.S., President, in the 
chair. Messrs. Winslow Jones, of Exeter, and William Wickham, 
of Alton, Hants, were elected Fellows of the Society.— Sir J. D. 
Hooker, C.B., exhibited a specimen of, and read a paper on, the 
discovery of a variety of the Cedar of Lebanon on the mountains 
of Cyprus, with a letter thereupon from Sir Samuel Baker, F.R.S. 
This tree differs from known forms of Cedras in the shortness of the 
leaves and in the smallness of the female cones, &c. The name 
C. Libani yar. brevifoUa seems therefore appropriate for this Cyprus 
cedar. Sir S. Baker was informed by the monks of Trooditissa of 
its existence, and they believed it to be the scriptural " Chittim- 
wood." The trees are very scarce, and only grow in a secluded 
spot ; the wood is of superior quality. Mr. E. M. Holmes exhibited 
microscopic slides of rare British Lichens, Hepatic®, and Fresh- 
water Algae. An alga, which had been found to choke the filter- 
beds at Bradgate Reservoir, Leicester, was shown to be a form 
apparently hitherto undescribed, and bearing resemblances to 
Znoffkea, although the Rev. M. J. Berkeley had believed it to be the 
Kehinella articulate of 'English Botany.' Mr. Holmes likewise 
exhibited the leaves, flowers, and portion of the trunk of Andira 
Araroba, the tree yielding Goa powder. This powder derived its 
name from the Portuguese colony of Goa, in India, where it had 
long been used as a remedy for obstinate cases of ringworm. Its 
source for many years had been a mystery, and on account of the 
drug yielding a large quantity of clirysophanic acid, it had been 
supposed to be prepared from some lichen. Quite recently it had 
been found that the dry cane came from Bahia, by way of Lisbon, 
and was thence exported to the east. The secretion appears to 
corrode and destroy the woody tissue, and ultimately itself becomes 
deposited, filling the cavities of the heartwood.— Mr. H. Marshall 
A\ ard read an important paper, « Contributions to our Knowledge 
of the Embryo -sac of Phanerogams.' In this contribution the 
following plants have been systematically examined, and the 
various stages of the ovule delineated, viz., Butomus umbellatus, 
Alisma Ptentago, Anemone japoiiica, Lupinus venusta, (Enothem 
biennis,^ Pyrethrum bahaminata , Anthemis tinctoria, Lobelia syphilitica, 

and Verbaseum phlomoides. After describing the microscopical 
sections, the author compares these with the accounts of Stras- 
burger, Vesque, and Wanning, but his own researches lead him to 
adopt a modified view of the cell division and development. He 
advances the following :— The ovule, so far as its nucleus is 
concerned, arises as a group of cells which divide and become 
arranged in groups of sister cells symmetrically related to the 
shape of the whole organ ; one cell group leads in growth, and, 
fulfilling a speoial purpose, becomes the embryo-sac. Further 
feeble division of this latter produces a watery cell with two 
nuclei. Each nucleus again produces four nuclei by bipartite 
division, followed by grouping, and a nucleus from the top -roup 
moves towards the middle sap cavity. Each group of four cells is 



32 BOTANICAL NEWS. 

a prothallus, and the cell producing tins a macrospore. The two 
most successful macrospores behave similarly to those of some 
vascular cryptogams, and finally germinate, producing a pro- 
thallus of four naked nuclei. The egg-ceU is an oosphere, all thai 
is left of the lower part of the rudimentary archegonium, its upper 
Part probably being represented by the two " synergidfe," which are 
to be looked upon as having acquired a secondary function from 
being merely protective and guiding neck-cells of an archegonium. 



Botanical Nctos, 



tW HE • Gardeners Chronicle' is authorised to state that during 

ftnv*? T g i SUm T a Stl ) dGntH ' garden wil1 be **<>™ o V en in the 
certat Zt?'r 7' Whei ' e 1 Uaents wil1 be Permitted, under 

&3£^ Pr ° CUre b ° taniCal S ™ 13 ** *™^° 
The herbarium of the late Prof. A. Gbisebach, of Gottineen 

UnTv" "fv o tt O t U nl 40 ' 00 n SP r% haS been bathed to °the 
umveisity of that place. Dr. Grisebach was the author anion* 

British West Indies. He was born at Hanover, in 1814 and was 

[St 18°Il° f B ° ta 7 &&** ° f tl- BotantGarden 3 
May last & P ° St WhlCh he retained until &« death in 

„ «Z*. n™ reCd 7 e<i th „ e seventh edi «»" of Prof. Morren's very 

aft .SKs 1 ;-;. L'Mt ^? 

fNovemW. ift7o\ * w" * ' P , . the date of its publication 



=£ sm^ms v o e r tinue to is - e the ™ k 

comtleT/the Sm^T ^ H °° ker ' S ' Geuera ^tam,' 
moX g DlC0t y 1 edeiis, is announced for publication this 

theKew Heitnum ftSC *1 ^f Ve that M ' N - E ' Bbown, ot 

Society HeibaUUm ' has bee » elected an Associate of the Linnean 

Gar^n ^fi tbe ^etorship of the Botanic 

F^^tt^t°T«h°S his r k oi ? p * 

eighth year. He was rem* h 1 f December, m his twenty- 
he 5 carried o*f owS^S Kf- ^ ° r thc < re with wbich 
obstacles, but alsoti t e clVnes w'h, 2??, "W"" with 
relative values of the S£l t ^ 1 ' e appreciated the 

He gave great promise of a i ! ,1 c Zer ^ 8Bml t*™****' 



Original Mxtitlt*'* 



JOHN MIEES. 

John Miers was born in London on the 25th of August, 1789. 
His early years were spent in business with his father, who was a 
jeweller. At this time he devoted much attention to scientific 
pursuits, especially to chemistry. He carried on original investiga- 
tions, and his first contributions to science were two chemical 
papers, published in Thomson's * Annals of Philosophy ' in 1814, 
on the composition of nitrogen, and on the experiments which he 
conducted with the view of determining the constituents of nitrogen. 
The zeal with which he prosecuted these investigations, and the 
influence of Faraday and other chemists and physicists whose 
acquaintance he made at this time, would have decided the line ol 
his future labours, and the characteristics of careful observation 
and persevering application which distinguished him in all his 
pursuits, would, no doubt, have given him a high place among 
the illustrious men who, during the early years of this century, 
laid the foundations of the true science of chemistry, had it 
not been for an unforeseen circumstance which altered the whole 
future of his life. 

In the year 1818 Lord Cochrane (afterwards Earl of Dun- 
donald), fretting at his enforced professional inactivity, resolved to 
proceed to South America, and aid the Spanish colonies in that 
continent to secure their independence. He believed that a high 
future was before these struggling republics, and while his mission 
was in the first instance to lead them in war, he made overtures to 
Mr. Miers to join him in developing the reported mineral riches of 
Chili. It was resolved to erect extensive machinery in Chili for 
smelting, refining, rolling, and manufacturing copper into sheath- 
ing. The inducements were powerful and alluring, and led to 
sinking a considerable capital in the undertaking by the two pro- 
moters. Copper of fine quality was said to be procured in 
abundance from the mines of Chili, and could be purchased for 
about half the price it bore in England. Nearly all the copper was 
exported in a crude state, and as the copper sheathing used in 
Chili was sent from England it appeared that a fortune might be 
rapidly made by introducing improved machinery for the conversion 
of the ore, and preparing the metal for the market in Chili. Mr, 
Miers accordingly despatched a large quantity of machinery to 
Chili in 1818 ; and in the beginning of 1819, when scarcely thirty 
years of age, he set sail for South America, accompanied by his 
wife, to whom he had been married a few months previously. 

In the end of March he reached Buenos Ayres, and immediately 
started on the journey across the Pampas and over the Cordilleras 
to Chili. The two volumes ' Travels in Chile and La Plata ■ 

n. s. vol.9. [Febkuaky, 1880.] f 



34 

JOHN MIERS. 



-a SiX" y graph " record of the difficuities ° f «* ^ 

«« U v a ?? *? c ° ntinue in this new country the scientific pursuits 

£ h f e ^ s° successfully entered before leaving London he 

attention of Mr Miers was directed to its Natural History He 



CorriillArflq +hn *o^ # Tt e^^o 1 ^ structure 01 tne 

leve on the sea^ni? T ena if f a J th ^ ake s, *** the changes of 
birds and insects ' W V. ° ^n^ s P ecimens of animals, chiefly 
had not hS« t ' glairy devoted himself to botany. He 

unaWe m Cm 1? T* T ^ tion to this scie » c *> «S £ wa 
Taytr his wan; nf 7 f/^ £ b °° ks ' to compensate in any 
tt^l^fti • Nevertheless his enthusiasm and 

evefy obsSYn lZi^lfr m ?!, Way in wllich lie overcame 
and Collected ^It^° ? ° f the *> lants **** he observed 
large number aldform^T TT JS ' * He carefull y dissected » 
drawings, in wS, ?he vlln^ 1 Z ? ° f Upwards ° f two huildred 
thatthfvsSpHed^rilwrK-^^x^ 16 S0 f "*WnUy depicted 
when fc^jfig ^*-C ^ *"* "» ^ 

he sI^^JS^ 1 ^ j* d r ng his few months ' s ^ 

Chile and La P ata f wbtb l i ^IT* entitled * Travels in 
contain a history of til it * ^ th ° reCOrd of *« travels, 
difficulties which had o £ » T ' T* ? "«•«« °f the grea 
selves in e.ery effor mart £ C0Tmi **? '"m the people them- 
moral or materUlmpro V em e n? ™ U * **" ^ vei ™nt, or any 

plant'rervid^Ttwoir^ 6 thr ° Ugh0ut the - lu -es to the 
containing twenty plants bpt T + a ?P? nded to the work, the one 
other ennmera^^^^^ to ™* genera, and the 
already known. No descriot i !• gmg to s pecies or to genera 
memoirs Mr. Miers has fetT 8 ? 6 ?* but in his subsequent 
plants. lms lllus trated and described most of these 

When in England in ifto* k„ v 
and Lindley, and mad? t if. ■"■* acc l™inted with Brown 
pUnte, which Z iS^JXT^ the scientific study of 



— „ ww Kr „„, K „, mrtfl ♦ ,- the scientific study of 

America in 1826. He a*ain cr T I « 'T ° n his retuni to So^tli 
on the return journey formed T edtlle Co ?tinent to Mendoza, and 
of the Pampas He ittWl L 1 })nnci ^ 1 collection of the p ants 
Ije erected*, mi* ,° Sdtt n S^A^x^'*" 
the same for the Government of Brazil L ° H Janeil '° to d ° 
Bio actively employed as an Z J™ ? e , s P en t seven years in 

greatly increased hfs Ltes on thpTTl 6 "' and d ™»g these years he 
drawings of the living plans 'i^r,^ ?° Uth America and his 

m the neighbourhood^? Bit H ^ ,f bserved aild sheeted 
"» 1838. ; ni0t He & ™Uy left South America 

out of the iStfS ma^^hfTv^ , , lim8elf to the firing 

elected a Fellow of the Linnean i ^° Ughfc with him - He was 
published, in the Xmi£^j£& » }™, <*« in 1841 he 

^^^^newaS^p^tl^t^ fil ' St b ° tanica i 

uciun^mg to aurmanmacsa, and 



JOHN MIERS. 35 






this was followed, ten years later, by his memoir on the family, in 
which he pointed out its relations to Orchidoe in possessing minute 
seeds covered by a delicate net-like testa, and borne on°parietal 
placenta. Another interesting Order he treated of in 1841 when 
he published his account of Triuris hyalina, afterwards mono- 
graphing the Order in the Transactions of the Linnean Society in 
1855. He early investigated the Order Solamtcea. In 1851 he 
published a general review of the MmUpermacea, and set himself 
to the collection of materials for an exhaustive monograph of this 
Order, which was at that time in a state of great confusion. Mauy 
species and even some genera had been established on single sexes 
of plants, and in specimens in herbaria it was extremely difficult 
if not often impossible, to match the sexes of the same species! 
And as specimens m distant herbaria could not be compared side 
by side Mr. Miers made upwards of 700 tracings of Meni- 
spermaceous plants from the principal herbaria in England and on 
the Continent. These he had bound in four volumes, and resolved 
to place them with his herbarium in the British Museum. He 
dissected the flowers and fruit wherever it was possible ; and in the 
progress of his work he discovered characters in the structure of 
the seed of the greatest importance in classification. He was able 
to separate plants that had previously been united, as no appreciable 
differences had been detected. Mr. Miers began the publication of 
his complete monograph of the Order in the « Annals and Magazine 
of Natural History ' in 1864, continuing it at intervals till 1867 
The whole was reissued as the third volume of his ' Contributions 
to Botany,' and published in 1871, illustrated with sixty-seven 
quarto plates lithographed by his own hand. This monograph is 
perhaps the most important single contribution made to botany by 
Mr. Miers. In addition to the Natural Orders already mentioned 
he has revised and monographed the following :—Olacacem (1851) 

Icacinace^ (1852), Canellacea (1858), Wmteracm (1858), Sty race* 
(1859) ,Lalycerace<B (1860), Bignomaee* (1861), Tecophileace* (1863) 
Lonantherea (1864), Ehretacea (1869), Hippocrateace* (1870), and 
Apocynacea (1878). v J 

These represent only a portion of the numerous papers which 
during his active life he published. Many of his memoirs on 
genera or single species abound in careful observations and inte- 
resting speculations. Take, for instance, his investigations into the 
structure of the seed in Gripidea and other Loasacece, and the 
structure of the gynecium in Myostoma, especially in relation 
to the method by which the pollen grains fertilise the ovules in this 
plant, and the curious speculations and deductions in regard to the 
abnormal conditions of the access of the pollen influence to the 
ovule, and to the growth of the seed.* 



f cannot refrain from calling attention to the want of proper feelin-r and 
the unfairness (which, I regret to say, is not infrequent) of the editor of ' Nature • 
in adding a paragraph to a communicated ohituary notice of Mr. Miers in which 
he completely misrepresented the published views of Mr. Mien as to pollen and 
to his attempts at justification when Dr. Trimen called the attention of the 
readers of that paper to the error. 



3G 



JOHN MIERS 



Tlie pages of our Journal contain several papers by Mr. Miers. 
His contributions in the different scientific journals amount 
altogether to nearly eighty separate papers. Some of these were 
reissued in quarto form with carefully executed illustrations, mostly 
lithographed by his own hand from his original drawings. They 
consist of his ' Illustrations of South American Plants,' vol. i., 1850, 
and vol. ii., 1857 ; ' Contributions to Botany,' vol. i., 1861, vol. ii., 
1869, and vol. hi., 1871. His memoir on the ' Apocynacetc of South 
America ' was published as a sixth volume, uniform with these, in 
the year 1878, when its author had attained the great age of 
eighty nine. 

All his work was characterised by the thorough nature of his 
investigations, the persevering efforts he made to exhaust authentic 
materials within his reach, and the fidelity and minuteness of his 
descriptions. He had a very quick sense of differences, but he 
sometimes failed to distinguish the real value of the differences he 
detected. He did not always clearly note whether the differences 
were due to the absence of analogies or affinities, and hence the 
characters which he detected and clearly pointed out for his genera 
were sometimes based on differences which could scarcely claim to 
be considered of generic importance. On the other hand, the per- 
sistent differences m the vegetative parts, or modifications in the 
reproductive organs of allied plants, which he pointed out, fully 
justified his giving them specific rank, though as long as such 
different views are entertained in regard to the limits of species 
systematic botanists will be found who take exception to what they 
characterise as an unnecessary multiplication of species. 

Mr. Miers was elected a Fellow of the Eoyal Society in 1843, 
and was a member of several foreign scientific societies. He served 
as a juror m the Brazilian section of the Exhibition of 1862, and 
tie value of his services to Brazil were recognised by the Emperor, 

? n, nf°fl °n l T fi /1 W i th ihe Cross aud 5« with the Grand 
gross of the Order of the Rose. 

His genial manners and upright character secured for him every- 
where friends He was entirely devoted to the scientific studies 

his ZZ TT e t- S ° ^i* po / tion of his life - Hc ^atly increased 

X S 0118 by the , addition of the ****** of later collectors, 
sbetrt w herbarium at his death consisted of more than 20,000 

eveit^?£T} beret . each P lant « a *d repeated this number on 
to it Iff dissections or separate note or drawing referring 

mpcssiblo nl 01 ! e ° U8 T? a 1 ti0U , 0f detached materials » "ndered 
3S,t7S f f fme lierb arium, with all his notes 

he , isr I £? l 1 tlle 1 Bl ! tlsl1 M ; lseura ! * ome toe before his death 
ne ] esented hu t dnphcatea to the Herbarium at Kew. 

active work' Ti'n I - WaS c T l f kd ^ fniIin S *«** to give up 
when hr^i.ed in1ir e - gl T IU ^ WCaker mitil the 17th 0ctober > 
in Addtm Cvd, Ken" !"on y " fil ' 6tyear ° f ^ "**' ** Lis ******* 

William Cauruthebs. 



37 



ALABASTEA DIVERSA 

auctore S. Le M. Moore. 

Pars tertia. 

(Continued from p. 8). 

Neuracanthus niyeus, sp. nov. 

Caule erecto robusto folioso dense albo-tomentoso basi pulvinato- 
incrassato ibidemque radices paucas simplices emittente, foliis 
maguis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acutis vel obtusiusculis basi in 
petiolum brevem abbreviatis firmis supra saturate viridibus mox 
fere glabris subtus dense albo-tomentosis, spicis ad axillas 
superiores ovoideis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis longe tenuiterque 
acuminatis membranaceis piloso-villosis, calycis pilosi lobis 
subulatis longe acuminatis, corolla pilose tubo crasso labii 
postici lobis triangularibus antici ovatis lobo niediano intus 
piloso, capsula 



Hab. — In agris Djurensium repperit Schweinfurtli (No. 1963). 
Pedalis vel ultra. Folia 7'0-9*0 cm. long., 3-2-5-0 cm. lat., 
petiolo iiunquam 1-0 cm. long, suffulta. Spicae 2-5 cm. long 



!=»•» 



basi ad 3-5 cm. diam. Bracteae vix 1*0 cm. long. Calyx 0*9 cm., 
et corolla 1*0 cm. long. Mores (ex Schweinfurtli) violacei. 

Cum IV. sphcerostachyde Dalz. comparanda, abs qua caule 
folioque subtus tomentoso et bracteis minoribus acuminatis 
faciliter dignoscenda. 

Neuracanthus africanus, T. And. MSS. 

Caule sat tenui folioso lignoso glabro pallide brunneo, foliis 
magnis subsessilibus lanceolate -lyratis basi cordato-truncatis 
scabriusculis membranaceis laete viridibus, spicis gracilibus 
elongatis quam folia vero brevioribus, bracteis firmis late ovatis 
spinoso-acuminatis plerumque 5-nerviis concavis siccis pallide 
viridibus, calycis pubescentis mox fere glabri corollae tubum 
excedentis lobis parvis setaceis, corollse tubo brevi sat crasso limbi 



labio postico breviter 2-fido labii antici lobis rotundatis, capsula 
oblongo-ovoidea apice sensim acutato-rostrata 2-sperma. 

Hab. — Ad Lupata Afr. Trop. Or. anno 1860 legit Kirk. 
(Acanth. No. 10 in bb. Kew). 

Caulis 0*25 cm. diam. Folia plerumque 8-0-12-0 cm. long., 
medio 4-0-5*0 cm. lat. Spicae (in specimine unico a me viso 
baud omnino evolutae) ad 6*0 cm. long, et circiter 0-6 cm. lat. 
Bracteae plerumque 0*7 cm., calyx circiter 0-65 cm., corolla vix 
0*7 cm. long. Capsula 0*8 cm. long., rostrum ejus 0.3 cm. long., 
albidum. 

Videtur ad A r , trivervium Wight proxime accedere, cujus 
folias baud lyrata, -spicae longiores, bractese kirsutae majus conspicue 



nervosa, &c. 



Crossandra Greenstockii, sp. nov. 



Spitbamea vel minus foliis subsessilibus approximates oblongis 
vel oblongo -ovatis obtusissimis basi attenuatis ad nervos pubescen- 
tibus deinde puberulis, spicis terminalibus longe (vel foliorum 



*® ALABASTKA DIVERSA. 

pnesentia breviter) pedunculatis, pedunculis folia stantibus vel 
us brevionbus erectis molliter villoso-pubescentibus, bracteis late 
ovatis acummatis utrinque superne debiliter spinoso-serratis 
membranaceis crebre glanduloso-pubescentibus siccis viridibus, 
bracteolis lineanbus, calycis lacinia posticalate ovata apice 2- vel 8- 
acummate spmoso-dentata, laciniis anticis et lateralibus oblongis 
spinoso acummatis omnibus margine breviter glanduloso-ciliatis, 
staminibus prope apicem tubi insertis, capsula oblonga apice 
vahde mucronata semmibus 4 longissime appendicular. * 

AtbSw^h U 'S \% d ! ti0n , e V™*™***** unde earn misit 
ltctum No ( K« f eW \?°v S (p%™«* * c ^Pis prope Pretoria 

hb Z^-f a Si h -' K 7 ) '.? ev - W ' Gxeensteok (specimen in 
Jib. Mus. But. ad Pilgrim s Best lectum). 

bnwtea ^rZ^ liV '-i ?, ? Xiina '- CUJU 1 Mia an S U8tiora ^ tenuiora, 
SEE nSSKfc attta mmUS ^ ^ ^™ *"»» ! 

PtomSSiJ' "^ Cm i l0ng " m r branacea > ner ™ mediano 
prominente. Pedunculus usque ad 10-0 cm. long plerumaue 

It2 5 b c r?a r t ^ R mte ;' dUm SUbS6SSiJiS - Spic, 4-oi-b P ^ U ^ U 
W 7:ii! I , ? raCte * ner T ffi V1X 2 "° cra - °™cteol* 0-6 cm. 
?I'cm W rl S l 0stlc ™°- 9 ™-> lobi antici 0-7 cm., laterales 

1-6 cm W g, T»W Ua o Cm5 . lter n 1 •* cm - dia ^- coccinea. Capsula 
i t> cm. long., nitens. Semina 0-4 cm. diam., albida. 

Asystasia Charmian, sp. nov. 

pubesTente S^f 3 < l Uadr 1 an g ulari geniculato retrorsum 
puoescente, tolas membranaceis lanceolatis inteeris obtuse nmifiq 
in petiolum brevem attenuatis ntrimm* J™ „i: iPil. -°^f use a ? utis 



lmearibus hirsutulis, corolte gkW* tubo reMn . s , aU ?^ b ? B 
late^fiL iZtZ' fiS* lr* "as,* " 8 Pe ', P T 

retrosis mimita) 2-7 cm W FW«* ^ (mtus setulls 

ven ^tur= S*?*S5 s = reticulat0 " 

viueuu ex ammtate inter omnes wppioq »ju; 
©Ai/Z/tf» T Anrl m- - .7 "^ues. species alncanas A. macro- 

Lepidagathis myktifolia, $p t nov. 

Caulibus tenuibus aliquanto fWnr> C i'a &*«u , 

tart*** ««. oVa.-ob!^ '^=,7^" 



I 



ALABASTRA DIVERSA. 39 

petiolatis fere glabris coriaceis nitidis, spicis radicalibusve 
caulinis subsphaeroideis multifloris interdum ad apices ramorum 
parum elongate et foliis coinmixtis, bracteis ovatis vel lanceolatis 
plerumque spinose acuminatis villosulis subcoriaceis eleganter 
reticulato-nervosis, calycis laciniis quam bractea paullo minoribus 
postico et anticis oinnmo connate lanceolatis lateralibus linearibus 
omnibus spinoso-acuminatis villosulis, corollas tubo medio leviter 
constricto limbi sparsim villosuli labio postico breviter 2-fido 
antici lobis rotundatis undulatis, antberis glabris, ovula quoque in 
loculo umca. u 






II, 



In ditione Bongoensi coll. Schweinfurtli (No. 2493). 



■ - t o, ' 1 C ?' crassus ' mox f ere glaber. Folia plerumque 
circiter 2-5 cm. long, et 1-0-1-2 cm. lat., tete viridia. Bracte* 
inferiors quam superiors breviores interdum ovate breviter 
cuspidulato-acummate vel acutate vel obtusai, flavido-brunnea 
scanos*, circiter 0-5-0-8 cm. long., superiores plerumque circiter 
1 5 cm-long virides. Corolte 1-6 cm. long. Capsula hand visa. 
Mib viclitur cum L. molli T. And. comparanda, cujus spic* 
sat similes sed folia elongata lineana membranacea. P 

LEPIDAGATHIS MeDUSJE, SJJ. 710V. 

H a hvn U l e J°f USt0 f'f Ct ° S ^ tereti stri g°se hirsute fortasse deinde 
glabio vel fere glabro, foliis crebris brevissime alato -petiolatis 
anguste hnean-lanceolatis breviter acuminatis 5-nerviis juvenalibus 
u nnque (precipue vero subtus) strigose liirsutis mox pagina 
superiore strigose pilosis vel puberulis subcoriaceis subtus 

wtr 'I T C1 r> CyhndnCi8 >, axillis ^perioribus sessilibus 
biacteis unilaterahter arete imbricatis multifariis ovatis vel 

oblongis longe caudato-acuminatis precipue ad marginem et 
acumen et nonnunquam dorso hirsute, calycis laciniis anticis 

wTJT r miatlS la J eralibus ^earibus postico ovato omn uu 

longe caudato-acuminatis scariosis precipue superne piloso- 
lnrsutis corolla, extus piloso-liirsute limbo postico breviter Undo 

aaawaaar ovato se ~ ** ^ 

(No^4076) CreSCit ^ diti ° Ue Bou S° ensi ubi «PP«i* Schweinfurth 

vero 1 " ^Iff? Jf Ne f qUam ma ^ me affinis > ob 1^'sutiem 
vero et foha latiora 5-nervia et bracteas firmiores lonmus 

acummatas baud difficile recognoscenda g 

0^mW " 8 v m ' i° Dg - Gt °o 5 - 1,3 Cm ' lat - 5 Petiolus circiter 
11 C BrI°ctL b 9 P cm. ti^ mqUe 3 "°- 4 '° ^ ^ *** ™ «* 
Two plants have apparently been distributed under No 4076 
The one, although probably a Lepidagathu, is glabrous S 

HLr^fT - leaV °f «f *■*— $ ^Z than 

Lepidagathis peniculifeka, sp. nov. 

Caule robusto subtereti ad nodos obscure tumido primo albo 
villoso deinde glabro, foliis sessilibus lineari-lanceola^s spinose" 



40 t ALABASTRA DIVERSA. 






acuminatis piloso-villosis cleiude glabris ? in specimine unico a 
nobis examinato secus rauiulos perbreves congestis, spicis ranios 
defoliatos coronantibus vel in eorum axillis superioribus positis 
peniculum in mentem revocantibus, bracteis maltifarie unilateral- 
iter arcte imbricatis ovato-oblongis plus minus caudato-acuminatis 
vel acutis juvenalibus hirsutis senioribus glabratis scariosis, 
calycis laciniis liberis 3 ovatis acuminatis vel obtusis 2 linearibus 
omnibus praecipue superne strigillose hirsutis scariosis, corolla 
labii antici lobo mediano ovato lobis lateralibus oblongis, antheris 
basi glabris, reliqui characteres desunt. 

Rah. — Crescit in agris Mittuensium (Scliweinfurth 2794). 

Species insignis praecedenti affinis sed multis de notis dispar 
L. clnvata Dalz. habitum quippiam simulate 

Folia 3-0 cm. long, et 0-5 cm. lat., trinervia, subcoriacea. 
Spic^e 4-0-6-0 cm. long., circiter 1-5 cm. diam. Bracteae 
plerumque circiter 1-1 cm. long., crustacean Calycis lobi latiores 
ad 1-0 cm. long., angustiores quam ii paullo longiores, concavi. 

SlPHONOGXOSSA NUMMULABIA, sp. 1WV. 

Caule decumbente ? subtereti rigide ramoso geniculato crispe 
pubescente delude pnberulo, foliis minimis breviter petiolatis late 
subrotunclatis coriaceis pubescentibus, bracteis quam calyx paullo 
brevioribus anguste spatbulatis puberulis, calycis laciniis 5 sub- 
sequalibus lanceolatis puberulis, corolla! tubo sub limbo breviter ac 
leviter ampliato, staminibus exsertis antherarum loculis fequalibus 
loculo inferiore basi obscurissime producto, capsula . 

Hah.— In Kaffraria legit T. Cooper (No. 370 in hb. Kew). 
_ Ab S. tubulosa {Justicia, E. Mey.) diversissima vestitu foliis 
minimis, floribus minoribus, &c. 

Folia 0-6 cm. long., sicca atra. Petiolus 0-15 cm. long., 
pubescens. Bracteae 0-15 cm. et calyx 0-2 cm. long. Corollas 
tubus 1-2 cm. long., medio vix 0-1 cm. lat., puberulus; limbus 
circiter 0-5 cm. diam. 






STROBILIFERA 



Caule erecto quadrangulari puberulo sparsim folioso foliis 
subsessihbus elongatis linearibus obtusis basi truncatis membran- 
aceis scabriusculis, spicis terrain alibus ovoideis vel breviter 
cylindraceis strobiloideis multifloris, bracteis magnis ovato- 
spathulatis cuspidulatis pubescentibus bracteolas 6 ovatas acumi- 
nates vel ovato -lanceolatis et (in spica a me examinato) flores duos 
tertnque rudimentum includentibus, calvcis laciniis bracteolis 
mtenonbus subaequalibus inter se inaequalibus lineari-lanceolatis 
pubescentibus decolonbus, corollaa puberulaa tubo tenui fere 
umfornu limbi lobo postico late rotundato-ovato antico lanceolato 
brevissime 3-fido, stammum exsertorum filamentis compressis, 
stigmatis cruris subaequalibus, capsula acutata fere glabra 4-sperma, 
semimbus minute tuberculatis. 

Hah -—& Schweinfurth reperta in ditione Bongoensi vigens 

(JNOS. JLouO) ou)» 

Videtur sesquipedalis. Iuteiaodia foliis subsequilonga. Folia 






ALABASTRA DIVERS A 



41 



fere ad 12-0 cm. long. 
Spicae 2-0-3-5 cm. long 
1*2 cm. long., circiter 
Mores mediocres, rosei. 
diam., brunnea. 



i 



(plerumque minora) et ad 1*2 em. lat. 

2-0-3-0 cm. diam. Bracteae plerumque 

0-6 cm. lat., superiores vero minores. 

Capsula 0*7 cm. long. ; semina 0*1 cm. 



^ Species memorabilis nee foliis sparsis angustis longissimis nee 
spicis strobiliformibus cum ulla congener or urn comparanda. 

Hypoestes callicoma, sp. nov. 
Herba elata sparsim foliata, caule quadrangular! pilis strigosis 



pilis 



retrorsis liirsutulo-piloso, foliis membranaceis breviter petiolatis 
linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis apice obtuse induratis 
strigosis appressis munitis dein scabridis pagina superiore laete 
viridibus inferiore pallidioribus, capitulis terminalibus axillaribusve 
breviter cylindraceis densifloris, bracteis membranaceis lineari- 
oblanceolatis aristato-acuminatis obscure puberulis apicem versus 
setas paucas flavidas more crista ferentibus, bracteolis quam 
bracteae ^brevioribus subhyalinis linearibus acutis lateraliter 
compressis carinatis et (praecipue dorso) puberulis, calycis laciniis 
subaequalibus anguste-linearibus pubescentibus, corolla* tnbo 
gradatim amplificato basi paullo dilatato limbi labio postico 
integro antico leviter emarginato, filamentis crassiusculis antberis 
parvis basi acutis, capsula parva bracteis bracteolisque inclusa 
lineari-oblonga apice valide breviterque mucronata puberula, 
seminibus quoque in loculo 2 minimis. 



Hab 



Angol 



Monteiro, necnon ex ditione Bongoensium liabuit Schweinfurth 
(No. 2525). 

Herba ex Monteiro 3 ped. alta. Folia ad 6-0 cm. long, et 1-0 
cm. lat. Capitula 1-5-3-0 cm. long. Bracteas trinervire 1-1 cm., 
bracteolas uninervise 0-65 cm., calycis laciniae 0-3 cm. et corolla 
vix 1-0 cm. long. Mores rosei. Antherre flavie. Capsula 0.6 

Species ob bracteas aristatas cristatas facile notata. 



cm. long. 



Hypoestes antennifera, sp. nov. 



Caule foliato tetragono molliter crebreque pubescente, foliis 
magnis membranaceis petiolatis ovatis breviter acuminatis vel 
cuspidatis basi attenuatis supra sparsim strigoso-puberulis subtus 
pallidis molliter tomentosis, capitulis ad axillas confertis, bracteis 
magnis lanceolatis longissime acuminatis pubescentibus apicem 
versus glandulas multas brunneas ferentibus patulis, bracteolis 
quam bracteas fere duplo brevioribus lineari-lanceolatis longissime 
acuminatis puberulis apice decoloribus, calycis laciniis subtequalibus 
lanceolatis acuminatis minute pubescentibus byalinis, corolla* 
extus pubescentis tubo tenui sub limbo parum ac gradatim 
amplificato recto limbi labio postico integro antico breviter 8-fido 
lobo mediano quam laterales majore, staminibus exsertis, disco 
conspicuo bilabiato, stylo apice brevissime insequaliter 2-fido, 
capsula lineari obtuse acuta, seminibus quove in loculo 2 subor- 
biculatis tuberculatis. 

N'di(Taita) Afr. Trop. Or.ubi coll. Hildebrandt(No. 2563 ). 



Hab 



o 



42 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

Folioruin lamina ad 11/0 cm. long, et 5*0 cm. lat. ; petiolus ad 
1-8 cm. long., molliter pubescens. BracteaB 1*7 cm., bracteolae 1*0 
cm., et calycis laciniae vix 0*5 cm. long. Corollse tubus 1*5 cm. 
long., limbus 1-7 cm. diam. Antherae roseaa. 

Differt ab H. insula ri T. And. cui proxima caulis foliorumque 
vestitu, bracteis longioribus apice glanduloso pubescentibus, 
corolla paullo minore pubescente aliisque notis. Ab H. aristata 
E. Br. multis de punctis longe recedit. 

Nescio cur cl. Bentham Justiciam Ansellianam, T. And. ad 

Diantheram refert : antherarum ejus loculo inferiors manifesto 

calcarato, nee ut scribit Anderson basi calvo. Species me judice 

ad calcem sect. Raphido&pora ponenda cum J. matammensi, Schftli. 

et tertia in hb. Kew. conserv. in Afr. Aust. lecta planta. 

Justicia Jittonioides nob. melius ad sectionem Rostellariam 
referri debet. 

Capsici anomali Fr. & Sav. vicli exemplaria japonica a 
Bisset sine loci indicatione lecta, et ab Oldham ad Kino Ohosima 
(No. 330), necnon tertium ex herb. Lug.-Bat. comm. sub nom. 
Miqueliano " C. cordi forme Mill., var. truncata." Itaque vidi 
hujus ut videtur speciei varietatem fructu viridi et calyce quani in 
typo majore in ins. Bonin reperta (Wright, No. 200). 



NOTES ON THE FLOEA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

By G. C. Deuce, F.L.S. 

The records in ' Topographical Botany ' for Northamptonshire 
being ^complete, the following additions and explanations may 

Tint. hf> a nrfo+lmi. nr, «*^«„»i: * J 



uninteresting 



Northamptonshire is about seventy miles long from Crowland 
Bridge ,n the N.E. to Aynhoe in the S.W., and varies from seven 
to twenty-six miles m breadth. It has an area of 030,000 acres, 
of which the large proportion of 580,000 acres are under cultiva- 
tion, some 2o,000 acres more being natural woods and coppices, 
including remains of the royal forests of Whittlebury, Salcey, and 
Rockingham Its common lands are completely insignificant, thus 

i CTiiT f f ^ SenC , e ? rarit >' of ericetal P la ^s, while from 

r^f^ ame • ^ S? d &h ^ QCe 0f h °8 its uli « inal secies are 
lZ?o i decreasu1 ^ Tho ^ h lasting no great elevation, North- 

SofrS ,7n 'T f T al fo°n1 the Sea " level bel ™ Peterboro' to 
Hin nlr ihi T P S'/ 3 ° feet aea ^^unston, and at Arbury 

W nsTt W^ J l' t0 8 ° 4 i fe i t J a fange 0f hUls of tolera ble height 

L^vtn ^ ov ?j lookm e the Welland, and runs south-west 

W^PhK % M x\T tL 1 er *Tf eds fr0m ^ntry, by Barby and 
ilttn I ° ^ eif0rd ; aild thence ^ Cold Ashley to Oxendon, 

Se^SfZte £ ff 0l / aSeby; * et > althou S h the - 

I ,, ^\v ,?lo ** Gy ! 0IU i tlle * reat watershed of central 

fre tl ?'a \u ti 1 CSCarP f eUtS -° f the nume rous valleys from the 

h< to s >H ^ f } ' erS ° pe TT and im P™us strata furnish 
those springe of pure water which have long been the boast of 



NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 43 



the county. As might be imagined, the rainfall in the western and 
much more elevated portion of the county is considerably higher 
than the lowlands of the eastern side. 

Adopting the river system as a basis of division into botanical 
districts, the following seems to be the best arrangement : — 

1. The Cherwell district, drained entirely by that river into the 
Thames basin, includes some interesting marsh ground near King 
Sutton and Croughton, where Epipactis palustris still lingers, New- 
bottle Spinney, and the hills about Charwelton. 

2. The Avon district, drained by the Learn and Avon into the 
Severn basin, includes the hills of Staverton, the high ground of 
Barby, and Honey and Hempslow Hills. 

3. The Ouse district, drained by the Ouse and Tove into the 
Ouse system, contains the old forest of Whittlebury, Cosgrove 
Quarries, and some interesting ground about Wappenham. 

4. The Welland district, drained by the Welland from Naseby 
to Crowland, is a narrow strip of land which about Harring worth, 
Wakerley, and Colly weston is very rich in rarities. 

5. Nene a district. The portion drained by the two heads of 
the Nene till they join at Northampton includes Salcey Forest, 
Badby and Plain Woods, Harleston Firs and Daventry Reservoir. 
In this district occurs Boro' Hill, Holdenby, and Naseby. 

6. Nene b district. That portion drained by the main stream 
of the Nene from Northampton to Thrapstone and its tributaries, 
the Ise and Harpers Brook. It contains portions of Rockingham 
Forest, and the woods of Sywell, Yardley Chase, and Brigstock. 

7. Nene c district. The portion drained by the main stream of 

Nene from Thrapstone to the Cambridge border below Peterboro', 

and also that drained by the Willowbrook. This includes the 

famous quarries of Barnack and Weldon, the magnificent woods of 

Bedford Purlieus, Barnwell Wolds, Southorpe and Wittering 

Heaths, and the great level of the fens. It includes considerable 

variety of soil, and is undoubtedly the richest in rarities of all the 
districts. 

flavum. L. By Nene side, near Northampton ; also 



Myo 



Welland 



Occurs in sandy 



cornfields on Hunsbury Hill, Nene a; Grendon, Mm Brent, 
Nene b. 

Ranunculus fluitans, L. In River Nene, Welland, and Tove; 

plentiful above Northampton in shallow swift-running water. 

R. Drouetii, Schultz. At Blisworth, Nene a; a large-flowered 

form occurs at Grafton Regis, Ouse. Dykes below Peterboro' in 
plenty. 

R. trie hop hyllua, Chaix. In a pond at Gayton water charged 
with lime, Nene a. 

R* penicillatus, Hiern. Nene b, below Northampton ; rare. 

R. Linyua, L. Extinct in Morton's localities. Plentiful and 
fine in pond near Harpole with Car ex Pseudo-cyperus, Nene a. 

R. parviflorus, L. Abundant on moat-side of Fotheringhay 
tastle, Nene c. 



14 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAI 



*Helleborus viridis. L. Naturalised near Benefield, Rev. M. J. 
Berkeley ; and about Cogenlioe. 

*H. foetid us, L. Well established on Weldon quarries, Nene c ; 
borders of Yardley Chase, Ouse. 

Anemone Pulsatilla, L. Still abundant on the quarries of 
liarnack and Southorpe, Nene e f where it was noticed by Eay. 

Nymphaa alba, L. Plentiful and truly wild in Nene, from 
Oundle eastwards, Nene c ; Cherwell {French d Beesley). 

Diplotaxis tenuifolia, DC. Grew in abundance on the south 
bastion and walls of Northampton Castle, its only locality in 
the county; but the recent extension of the L. & N. W. railway 

system has removed the castle, so the plant must now be considered 
extinct. 

D. mitral in, DC. Griinsbury rail bank, Cherwell (French). 

Sisymbrium .Sophia, L. Confined to the Nene Valley, where it 
occurs in a and b districts, as at Harleston, Hunsbury Hill, Duston, 
Highain Ferrers, &c. A most abundant plant at the sewage works, 
Northampton, where, from the greater richness of soil, the plant is 
sometimes quite glabrous. 

Erysimum cheiranthoidcs, L. Naturalised on rail banks at Kings- 
thorpe Bhsworth, &c, Nene a; below Peterboro', in places 
possibly indigenous, Nene c, 

*Hesperis matronalis, L. Overthorp {A. Beesley), Newbottle 
Spinney (T. Beesley), Cherwell. 

*CheiranthusCheiri, L. Northampton and Barnwell Castle : and 
on Peterboro' Cathedral. 

Calamine amaraL. Decreasing or extinct in many of its old 
localities ; still plentiful by canal side at Yardley, Gobion, Cosgrove, 
and at Furtho, Ouse. . 5 

C. sylvatica Link Brook-side, Kingsthorpe, Harleston, &c, 
Nene a; Delapre, Arthingworth, Nene b; Stoke Bruern, &c, 

Arabis Thaliana,L. Plentifulin sandy soil, and more frequently 
on sandstone walls throughout county. 

A. hirsute, L. (queried in Top. Bot.) Plentiful on the quarries 
of Collyweston and Easton, Welland; Barnack, Weldon, and 
otanion, Nene c. 

*Armoracia rusUcana^ Bab. Man. So abundant by river sides 
and in osier-beds near Northampton, that were not its history and 

LdSimut 6 PkUt W ° Uld u » doubt ^y be considered 

vJf^S ?f thi \ f °ft Eai1 banks ^J™& Kingsthorpe, 
yeZ^nthei^^ 16 ""^' 1 '' but ^^rrn with ? shorter stales £d 

: /, Draba L. New Duston, &c, Nene a; most abundant and 
ttlitSL^f^ ab ^tbe sewage works, Nene b ; and W 
Zt^Z^ 8 *™ 8 * maUUre »* t0 be - tr ^-d to many 

Xasturtium siifolho, , Reich. Occurs by rail-side near Kings- 
horpe, Nene a; and at Furtho, Ouse b 

Reseda alba, L. Duston, Nene a. Appearing at wide distances 



NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 45 

in this parish, principally on the ironstone quarries, doubtless owing 
its origin to the gardens in the village where it is cultivated. 

Vwla permixta, Jord. Growing with V. hirta and odorata at 
Courteenhall, Nene a. Quite typical permixta. 

V. Biviniana, Reich. Generally distributed; a very large- 
flowered form occurs in Whittlebury Forest, and one with very 
small leaves and numerous flowers in Harleston Firs. 

V. Beichenbachiana, Bor. Whittlebury Forest, Ouse ; Boughton, 
Nene a ; Ecton, Nene b. The plant has the under side of lower 
leaves of a purple colour, very marked when fresh ; I have not 
seen this m our V. Biviniana. 

Polygala depressa, Wend. In all the districts. 

P. vulgaris, L. Castle Ashby, Nene b ; Wittering and Southorpe 
Marsh, Nene c. or 

SiUne puberula, Jord. On the quarries of Colly weston, &c, 
Weliand; Lamport and Duston, Nene a; Barnack, Nene c. 

Mcmchia erecta, Sm. In dry ridings of Harleston Firs, verv 
rare, Nene a. J 

Cerastium semidecandrum, L. Barnack, Nene c; Cosgrove. 
Ouse. 6 ' 

C. apetalum, Thuil. In Harleston Firs, very common. 
Stellaria glauca, With. By Nene side, and side of canal above 
^Northampton, abundant, Nene a. 

S.uliginosa, Murr. Throughout the Nene Valley, often growing 

with Montia rivularis, Gmel. An apetalous form occurs in Harleston 
■rirs. 

S. neglecta, Weihe. Cultivated fields, Dallington, Nene a. 

S. Boreana, Jord. Pattishall, &c, Nene a; Castle Ashby, 

Sagina apetala, L. Creaton, Harleston, &c, Nene a; Potter's 
-ttiry, Ouse. 



S. ciliata, Fries. Harleston and Blisworth, Nene a. 
Hypericum dubium, Leers. Coppice Moor brook-side, 



near 



lardley Gobion, on limestone, rare, Ouse. 

Malva moschata, L. Coppice Moor, &c, Ouse ; Brampton, 
woiueiiby, &c, Nene a; near Kettering, Nene b; Barnack, 



Weliand 



Jgnum angustifotium, Huds. Hill Morton, Avon (H. W. Trott). 

Geranium pyrenaicum, L. Only at Castle Ashby; Nene b. This 
Plant although frequent east of Oxford, does not appear to extend 
"Ho the Cherwell district of Northamptonshire. 

b-pusillum, L. Dallington, Dane's Camp, Nene a; Kettering, 
a c., Nene b ; Easton-on-Hill AV^ll™,! 



I « J *' lu , cid " m < L. King Sutton, Cherwell (French); Brampton, 

ratp?i' 6ne a ' Baruack > Neiie c - Only in these widely sepa- 

' i? T lea > aml Perhaps not indigenous in the first three places. 

^rodium cicutariion, Herit. Local, but still generally distributed 

othm' ellaud ' and Cherwell districts ; probably overlooked in 

\n\ J Lo l0Sch '' tH "'' Herifc - Banks of Nene, Northampton, abundantly 
1,1 1878 ; near Caistor, Nene c. 



46 ON TWO ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH MOSS-LIST. 

Ule.v nanus, Forster. Plentiful in Harleston Firs, and in Badby 

Wood, Nene a. 

Genista tinctoria, L. Near King Sutton [French and Beesley), 
Cherwell; dry banks, Astwell (Miss Scott), Ouse ; Collyweston, 
Deene, &c, Welland ; Weldon (Lewin), Burnack (Jones), Nene c. 
Like Geranium lucidum, jumping over the central portion of 
the county, and occurring only on the eastern and western 

extremities. 

Anthyllis Vulneraria, L. A rare plant in the county, and almost 

confined to the lower portion of the Nene Valley, where, by the 

old Eoman road, near Fotheringhay, on the quarries of Wansford 

and on Wittering Heath, it is abundant; very sparingly on Koade 

spoil-banks, Ouse. 

Medicago denticulata, Willd. Bank of Nene, Northampton, in 

abundance ; possibly introduced by skin-washing. Spoil-banks, 

Kingsthorpe (Sir John Robinson). 

M. maculata, Sibth. Cultivated fields, Upton ; banks of Nene 
with last species. 

Trifolium medium, L. East Haddon, Horton, Nene a ; Weldon, 
Nene c ; Fineshade (Lewin), Welland ; a rare and very local plant. 

T, arvense, L. Kingsthorpe, rare, Harleston quarries, Nene a. 

T. scabrum, L. Hedge-bank, Franklin's Knot (French), Cherwell. 

T. minus, Kelhan. Generally distributed. 

Astragalus hypoglottis, L. Splendid specimens on Southorpe 
quarries, by side of Bedford Purlieus, &c. ; Nene c. 

A* glycyphylUm, L. Generally distributed in Ouse, 
and Tove districts. 

Hippocrepis comosa, L. With about the same range as As 
gains hypoglottis ; it also occurs on the quarries of Collyweston. 
Vicia angustifolia, Both. Nene and Welland districts. 
V. Bobartii, Forst. At Upton, Nene a. 

(To be continued). 



Welland 



ON TWO ADDITIONS TO THE BEITISH MOSS-LIST. 

By H. Boswell. 

Bryum Orinanum, Bosw.*— A moss found in Teesdale by Mr. 
Wesley was so named and described in the ' Naturalist ' (Hudders- 

[* The following diagnosis of tiiis moss is from the ' Naturalist/ vol. v., p. 33 
(Oct., 1879):— ' l 

"Bryum Origanum, Boswell. Stems elongated about an inch or more, 
copiously radiculose and forming dense soft tufts. Leaves ovate and ovate- 
lanceolate shortly pointed, scarcely acuminate, concave, nerved almost to the 
ffpex; cells L*ptodermous oblong, and nearly rectangular: margins plane, 
slightly recurved when dry, formed of a single row of narrower cells. Shady 
old wall Teesdale June, 1871). J. S. Wesley. -In dens, oft tufts ; foliage full 
green ; the young leaves at the summit rosy pink, the old foliage of form, r years 
:md lower part deep brown; stems and leaves matted with numerous radicles. 
Habit and general aspect much as in B. barbatum, Wils., or some forms of 
B mntum from Norway : from the former it differs in the form of the leaves, 
which are not pihterous-acuminate, in the nerve ceasing below the apex, in the 
form of the cells and their very thin walls."] 



ON TWO ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH MOBS-LIST. 47 

field) for last October. This species, if such it eventually prove to be, 
is a Westmoreland as well as a Yorkshire plant, having since been 
found in the neighbourhood of Levens, near Kendal, by Mr. Barnes, 
who remarks that he has noticed it as peculiar for several years, 
and never known exactly what to call it. A small specimen which 
he sends appears to be identical in all essentials with Mr. Wesley's 
Teesdale plant, but a little shorter and more robust. From small 
forms of B. pollens, which Mr. Barnes also sends, and which bear a 
good deal of resemblance to it, the new moss may be readily 
known by its denser tufts ; while the leaves of B. pallens are also 
distinctly bordered with several rows of narrow cells, their apices 
serrulate and the nerve excurrent. Its aspect is that of B. 

barbatum, Wils. 

Dr. Braithwaite has been kind enough to send me a couple of 
morsels of a Bryum which he has received from Dr. Lindberg, 
under the name of B. calcareum ; one of them gathered in Ireland, 
the other in Norway. On examination I am unable to distinguish 
either of these from B. pallens, of which I should be disposed to 
consider them merely starved or dwarfed forms ; one having male 
flowers and the rosy-pink or reddish tint so frequent in that 
species, and in B. turbinatum when growing on bare surfaces in 
b °ggy places. I have seen just such near Oxford. 

Fissidens serrulatus, Brid. — Mr. Curnow sends from Cornwall a 
couple of forms of Fissidens polyphyllus, which grows in several 
places about Penzance, and therewith a third specimen for 
examination, which I have no hesitation in referring to F. 
serrulatus. This highly interesting addition to the British 
cryptogamic flora, not hitherto suspected to be a native of this 
country, was long supposed to be restricted to Madeira and the 
neighbouring islands, but found some years ago in Portugal. 
,° m . os . s has De en more fertile in originating doubts and differences 

r <« Pl f icm ' au< * ** is one of a number °f closely allied species, 
difficult to discriminate, including F. Homschuchii, Mont. (F. 
serrulatus, Hornsch.), F. tylvaticus, Griff. {F.javanicus, Dz. & Mlkb.), 
and other tropical species. F. Welwitschii, Duby., another near 
relative pertaining to South-west Africa, has lately been found in 
Portugal, and appears very close to /*'. poh/p/u/llus. At the 
Jime of the publication of 'Bryologia Britannica' English 
botanists were but little acquainted with these, and Wilson 
was induced to unite together his own polyphyllus, F. serrulatus, 
ana F. itsplenioides, Hedw. Between the two former there are, 
jowever, differences enough, and no biwologist, with our present 

unT tl ° f knowl( ; (1 g e and half of Wilson's experience, would 
i e tliem. Of F. asplenioidss I know little, having seen but some 

di J . poor specimens; judging by size alone they should be widely 

• luc • &• serrulatus, while closely approaching polyphyllus in 

e and habit, is well marked by the following characters: — 

oidl 6S ^° not * a P cr towards the point, but are straight in 
j ne ' outus e, their apices strongly serrate, the margins of the 

dor 1 l Ue portiou bein S finel y serrulate throughout, and the 
R nl lamina surrounded with a conspicuous border of yellowish 






48 ON TWO ADDITIONS TO THE BRITISH MOSS-LIST. 

coloured cells somewhat larger than the rest, while the basal cells 
are uniform. In F. polypkyllua the leaves taper gradually to a 
point ; they are destitute of a border ; entire, except at the 
serrulate apex ; and the cells of the base are gradually enlarged 
from the margin inwards towards the nerve, those of the long- 
decurrent angles being linear-oblong. Another difference between 



*v>^ ^^o.^ b ""^^ VW1U "0 



the two is found in the male flowers — triphyllous in F, serrulatus, 
8 or 9 leaved in pohjpliyUus. 

As far as our islands are concerned it can scarcely be hoped 
that this interesting species will be found, except on the western 
or south-western coasts ; Cornwall, the South of Ireland, perhaps 
the Hebrides. It belongs to a group representing a more southern 
flora, whose presence here is probably due to the influx of the 
Gulf- stream; Daltonia splachrwides, Hooheria Icete-virens, Myurium 
Hebriflarum, &c. Visitors to Killarney should bear it in mind: 
F. polyphtjllus is plentiful thereabouts, and the other may occur 
too, as both grow in Cornwall very near each other, and yet, 
though the locality has been much investigated, this by no means 
small moss has been hitherto overlooked, and by some of the 
keenest and most practised eyes. 



in 



excellent friend, Dr. Wood, who had communicated the discovery 
to him : — 

"The discovery of Fissidens serrulatus in England is a most 

interesting circumstance, and one proof the more that the British 

Isles possess a great many species in common with the South of 

Europe, and especially with Spain, Portugal, and the Canary 
Islands. 

" In fact, England with its adjoining islands is a veritahle 
Mdorado of mosses, participating as it does in the bryological 
flora of the North, of the South, and of the Intermediate Zone, 
and there are doubtless other discoveries to be yet made." 
t All botanists will regret to hear that, since gathering this 
interesting moss, Mr. Curnow has had the misfortune to fall and 
break a leg, but appears to be doing well, and it may be hoped 
that this is not his last discovery. 

Brach ythecium salebrosum. — Not seeing ' Grevillea ' very regu- 
arly, I was surprised at the note upon this in the October number 

. num. Rot, 1ft70 T. qhr\ „„ t , 



» ^ ' - \s, — /' "" * aw "" icttsuxi vviiy me accuracy 

of Dr. Spruce should be doubted in the matter of a moss so easy 
to know. It seems less common in Britain than in North America 
or Lrermany, but perhaps is sometimes passed b y as B. rxitabuhun. 

ltf e fiu^ir 1 * t 1U Ox / ordshir e several years ago, and in the 
winter of 1877 Mr. Lees found it near Market Easen in Lincoln- 
shire, and sent it to me. But certainly I have very seldom received 
it from correspondents, which fact seems to indicate that it is not 

HI VPrV (TPTlOVil n/ini<». nn „» :„ T>_ -l • -r ^. _ 



occurrence 



t v - ~ , - ----- - — In 1859 and 1861 I found 

the jar. y palmtre (tf. Mtldemum) plentiful on the coast near 
Southport, but never met with it elsewhere : its aspect is different 



ON TWO NEW BROIIELIADS EROJI RIO JANEIRO. 49 

enough, but it possesses no character of specific value ; and the 
course adopted in the second edition of the < Synopsis,' of placing 
it as a variety under salebrosum, is justified by the slenderness of 
the distinctive features, which are chiefly those of habit. How it 
shoidd come to be thought likely that a bryologist of Dr. Spruce's 
attainments should confuse either form with a moss so different in 
aspect and characters as Gamptothecium aureum one is puzzled to 
guess, this last much rather resembling G. lutescens, or even Homa- 
lothecium ; nor do I see why anyone need feel it difficult to under- 
stand B. salebrosum aright who can refer to • Bryologia Europtea,' 
or to 'Bryol. Britannica ' and the ' Synopsis' of Schimper. 



ON TWO NEW BROMELIADS FKOM KIO JANEIRO. 

By J. G. Baker, F.R.S. 

Following close upon Mr. L. C. Meyer's Bromeliads from 
Triuidad, an interesting packet of well-dried specimens has come 
from Dr. Glaziou, collected in the neighbourhood of Rio Janeiro. 
Amongst other things it contains specimens of the very distinct 
Billben/ia nutans, H. Wendl., figured lately in the 'Botanical 
Magazine' (tab. 6423), of which the native locality was not 
previously known, and further examples of JEchmea fasciata, 
Glaziovii, ftoribunda, and suaveolens, Tillamhia Gardncri, stricta, 
regina, and a second large Yriesia, which is either T. procera, Marl., 
or a close ally. My main object in this present note is to name 
and describe two very distinct novelties included in the series ; 
one a distichous JEchmea, and the other a NiduldrUtm of much 
larger size than any species already known, which will be a great 
acquisition to our stock of cultivated BromeHads when Dr. Glaziou 
is able to procure and send living specimens. 

-fEciiMEA (Platy/echmea) multiceps, Baker, n. sp. — Leaves with 
a lorate lamina 3-4 feet long, 2|-3 ins. broad at the middle, not 
ngid in texture, thinly lepidote on the back, deltoid-cuspidate at 
the tip, the edge-prickles brown-black, close and minute through- 
out. Inflorescence a bipinnate panicle, with a stout loosely 
woolly flexuose rachis, the lower branches about half a foot long, 
spreading horizontally, subtended by short scariose adpressed 
lanceolate bract-leaves, the flowers of each branch clustered into 
ten or a dozen globose distichous sessile heads £-f in. broad, 
containing each six or eight flowers, the upper heads of the branch 
aggregated, the lower separated. Flower-bracts cordate-orbicular, 
coriaceous, about £ in. long and broad, minutely cuspidate, 
striated vertically, furnished with a little loose deciduous tomentum. 
^alyx W1 tb vary oyoid, a i n . i ong . sepals minute, deltoid- 
cuspidate. Petals with an oblong lamina protruded about T \ in., 
spirally twisted after flowering.— Rio Janeiro, Glaziou, 11,681 !— 
remarkable for its small Lamprococcus-like flowers, combined 
with an m florescence rather like that of M. yluunrata, but the 
leads distichous, not multifarious. 

H 



50 HAMPSHIRE BOTANY. 

Nidularium giganteum, Baker, ii. sp. — Leaves in a dense sessile 
rosette ; dilated oblong base 4-5 ins. long by 8 ins. broad ; 
lamina ensiform, 2-3 ft. long, 1-1+ in. broad at the middle, 



tapering gradually to an acute point, moderately firm in texture, 



not lepidote on either surface, the lower edge prickles close, 
lanceolate, brown-black, T ' T in. long, the upper minute and distant. 
Peduncle stout, stiffly erect, glabrous, 8-9 ins. long, bracteated by 
several large erect lanceolate reduced leaves similar in texture 
to those of the basal rosette. Flowers in a dense globose head 
about 4 inches in diameter, which is overtopped by an outside 
whorl of lanceolate spine-toothed coriaceous red-tinted bracts 
5-6 ins. long; flower-bracts linear or linear-subulate, shorter 
than the flowers. Calyx including ovary 2 ins. long, glabrous, 
like the rest of the plant ; sepals lanceolate, striated, coriaceous, 
glabrous, acuminate, 1± in. long. Corolla seen only in an 
undeveloped state, and its colour not known. — Rio Janeiro, 
Glaziou, 11,692!— The Nidularia may be divided into two groups: 
one with lorate obtuse leaves, like N. fulgms, the other with 
ensiform leaves narrowed gradually to a point, as in N. sarmentosum 
and Scheremctieivii. The present plant belongs to the second group, 
and differs from the species already known by its peduncled 
capitulum and very large calyx. 



The 



HAMPSHIRE BOTANY. 

By Frederick Townsend, M.A., F.L.S. 



+1 „ -em /. TT ° ,. ™ llv " iium i-uctterutis ior my wont uu 

the Flora of Hampshire, which I hope soon to publish :— 

A asturtium sylvestre, Br., and Nasturtium umphibium, Br. I have 

onlj , uncertain records of these as Hampshire plants. 

in +hT< t77 I'"""?.' Ll This is recorded b > r Mr - W. L. Notcutt, 
FareW 7 \ f! ' aS "J"™ 8 "?* the Titchfield River," near 

ft Z t ™ f ^T? ? glVen ^ Mr ' F - L Wam ^ t0 whom 

l5 C i LfT mi T ated ' I 1 beheVe ' ^ the late Ml '- R. B. H. Hill, of 
Basingstoke : the record is, " Crooked Billet, Hook." Hook is 

about six miles eastward of Basingstoke. 

occ^T^TTT' L - T T he late Mr - s P icei ' recorded m* as 

occuinng at Itchen Abbas ; so I am informed b V Mr F I Warner 

I H^mnshtT J SPC r en -- ? kn ° W 0f ™ o«ier n^iice ofTas 
a Hampshire plant on the mainland 

recolded'tbis ZH^' *% The Messrs - Grove « ^ve already 
t thetn oirtMir mng ft * N 7 to ^. «• of Wight. I gathered 

ttik StSrtSiJSi^w a ^ nCar YiL1 ^outh, in the Island: 
tin, latter station is about four miles from the former one 

follot ''" H S L f ^ is -corded by <££££ 802, as 
town* p.istnres g U If ltself< ' wlWe * Avers places as in the 

fnd Ha , L" I ttSTS ^ "\ m ^ l )laces in Barkshire 
ana Uampslme, in their pastures and copses or low woods;" but 






HAMPSHIRE BOTANY. 51 

it is not given in Mr. Clarke's list of Andover plants. Specimens 

from near Basingstoke are in Mr. E. S. H. Hill's herbarium, 
gathered in 1839 and 1856. 



Mr. Eeeks records it for E.Woodhay 
in the Newbury Field Club 'Transactions.' All these stations are 
in N. Hampshire. I lately found the plant in S. Hampshire, on 
the banks of the Stour, a mile above Hern Bridge. 

(Enanthe silaifolia, Bieb. (E. peucedanifolia t Sin., is entered in 
the ! Botanist's Guide' (Turn. & Dill.) as occurring " at East How 
in the parish of Subborton." The station is doubtless given on 
the authority of Merrett, who at p. 84 of his 'Pinax' says, 

" (Enanthe angustifolia, Lob., p. 894. FHipemlula angustifoL, G., 
1059. At East How in the Parish of Subborton, seven miles from 
Petersfteld, Hampshire. Mr. Goodyer." I shall be glad of any 
other information of (E. silaifolia as a Hampshire plant. 

(Enanthe Pkeltandrium, Lam. I have this recorded from several 
stations in South Hants, but have reason to believe that some of 
them at least refer to (E. fluviatilis, Colem. I shall be glad to 



(E 



Jl 



matilis, and would gladly receive specimens. 

Pimpmella magna, L. The only record I have for this as a Hamp- 
shire plant is that in Mr. Clarke's Andover list ; and Mr. Clarke 
tells me he suspects his P. manna was the large form of P. Saxi- 
fraga. Mr. H. C. Watson cannot find the record of this plant on 
the faith of which he entered it for South Hants in * Top. Bot.' ^ 

Sium latifolium, L. Two records exist for this as a Hampshire 
plant: — one, " In the Stour at Heron Court near Christchurch," 
communicated to Dr. Bromfield in a letter from Mr. Curtis ; the 
plant is figured in Curtis' s 'Brit. Entom.' from specimens gathered 
at Heron Court. The second record is " near Fordingbridge," 
given in the ' Botanist's Guide' on Dr. Maton's authority. There 
is no more recent record of the plant for Hampshire. 

Hernia ri a hirsute,, L. I found this in considerable plenty in 
waste ground on the border of a field near Christchurch, on the 
Iford Bridge Road. It has not as yet been recorded as a native of 
England. I secured numerous specimens for distribution by the 
Botanical Exchange Club. Botanists who have the opportunity 
should examine this neighbourhood carefully, for it would be more 
satisfactory that its claim to be considered native should rest on 
more than one station. 

Asarum enrop&wm, L. This is entered for "Red Lynch" 
in the 'New Forest Handbook' (p. 102), lately published at 
Lyndhurst. 

I would ask any botanist who can give me further information 
respecting any of the above-named plants as natives of Hampshire, 
mainland or the Isle of Wight, to be so kind as to do so in the 
pages of the ■ Journal of Botany,' or by letter addressed to me at 
Honington Hall, Shipston on-Stour. 



V 



ft 



\ "K 



52 






ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR 

EXPEDITION OF 1875-6. 

By Henry Chichester Hart, B.A., Naturalist to H.M.S. 

' Discovery.' 

Having been prevented by ill-health from working out the 
materials which I collected while serving on board H.M.S. 'Dis- 
covery,' I trust the following essay, though appearing later than I 
could wish may not be devoid of interest. The acconnt given in 
the appendix to Nares* Voyage* is so brief that it by no means 
exhausts the subject; dealing, as it does, onlv with the collections 
mule north of latitude 80°, and giving no account of the local 
distribution or peculiar circumstances of growth and habitat which 
can only lull under the notice of the collector himself 

My numerous field notes, which were accumulated from day to 
day and the advantages which I have had in consulting collections 

SiL& T * ' D f 9 ' ¥° SS and G °Vmgev, have enabled me 

he vfvln, 1 ; f? Ch S reate Vl etail ' and to give separate accounts of 

w anous stations visited from Egedesminde, lat. G8° 42', to the 

kt. 83™ knd reached by the Ex P«^tion at Cape Columbia, 

ten^Zl b 1 ° taniStS Wh ° haVe gained their ex P^ence in our own 
mafiKV 1 '^ 011 the European Alps, cannot easily 
ftv oat W? 6 P w la f conditio » s of an Arctic flora. It 
visited Z at vZ f a ° f S 6 mo, 2 SOutherl y P arts of Greenland 
the smVn^l g ? T Ud6 ' DlSC °' Eitt enbank, and Proven, that 

and th cons rnf ™ y ii^°T e / ™ th Ve S etatio » for ^ ^tent, 
thro noh 2 h?! S A ma r " tUf f P erenuials of low matted growth 
theh b Uti tt% T tX i Wlll0WS 1 and Eficae «* trail and extend 
chtf to a wu't „ fit T T ely risin ^ under the belter of a 

carLt wS is ^nl *1 f0 l ir feet ; Thr0U ^ h °* bro ™ ish Sreen 
sZiolisanfL,„rf iu the hU % 0f an Irish mountain bog, oon- 
/ Wa and nff, bl ° SS ° mS 1 ° f ^ododmdrm, Azalea, lU^ensia, 

ETitTrS Plant8 ' are la vislily scattered Awhile 
he SfrSfirS «£* e Sno ^; white Omikm and Stellariu, 

l"xu P nant S h 'ts'of do^hT Sh2& * - *^ <*** *"* 
Scotch ^thar/^ t0 °« 

Veronica almm* mr^L „ x ^cts. Hue bliie flowers, as 

both in variety ai d Irntt •' , 1 * h i Chens ) "W^ diminishes, 

covered with t^? is ^Llvlef ? /f^f U *™«5* g™ nd 
I'oulke Fiord a few valLfnln w "o' :md 0Ill y at low levels - 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 53 

the probability of any species escaping observation is reduced to a 

minimum. 

I may mention here that, with regard to vertical distribution, 
lichens follow a different law from phanerogams, seldom appearing 
in any considerable quantity near sea-level, and occurring most 
abundantly at from five hundred to a thousand feet above it 
an altitude at which most flowering plants have disappeared- 
nevertheless some phanerogams, I think, maintain life at a higher 
elevation than any lichens. On the other hand, mosses have a 
similar distribution (vertically) with the flowering plants ; yet in 
that most desolate of regions, along the west shore of Smith Sound 
worn Cape Louis Napoleon to Cape Baird, lat. 79° 40' to 81° 32', 
lichens appeared to be quite as scarce as phanerogams, which are 
here reduced to some fifteen or twenty species. 

An important characteristic in Arctic plant-life is the almost 
entire absence of seedlings, Kienujia islandica at Disco beiii" the 
only annual observed ; seeds, however, if ripened elsewhere do 
germinate under the influence of an Arctic sun, though they will 
not, I believe, ripen ; hence it is no doubt possible that some plants 
may have been introduced by currents of air or water, or by the 
agency of birds or other migratory animals. 

Observations upon these and other conditions of Arctic vegeta- 
tion were chiefly made in Discovery Bay (where I was stationed for 
within a few days of a year) , and will be found more fully dealt 
with under that heading further on. 

I will now give a brief notice of the various stations visited : 
they may be arranged, with then- latitudes, in the following order 
ironi south to north ; and for convenience of reference I have 
assorted them into thirteen districts numerically. Longitudes being 
comparatively unimportant, I have omitted throughout : 

L Egedesminde, 68° 42' ; Disco, lat. 69° 15' ; Eittenbank, lat. 69° 42 
II. Proven, lat. 72° 20'. 

III. Upernavik, lat. 72° 48' ; Kangitok, lat. 72° 58'. 

IV. Cape York, lat. 76°. 
V. Foulke Fiord, lat. 78° 18'. 

VI. Cape Sabine, lat. 78° 45'. 

VII. Buchanan Straits=(Hayes Sound) ; " Twin Glacier " ; "Edward's 

Grief" ; « Deserted Village ; " " Ptarmigan Hill " ;— lat. 78° 52' to 
78° 56'. 

VIII. Walrus Island (= Norman Lockyer Island) ; Franklin Pierce Bay ; 

Gould Day ; Cape Hilgard ; Cape Louis Napoleon ; Station north 
of Cape Frazer ; Dobbin Bay ;— lat. 79° 25' to 79° 45'. 

IX. Joiner Bay ; Cape Collinson ; Cape Wilkes ; Bawling's Bay ; 

Kadmore Harbour ;— lat. 80° 3' to 80° 22'. 
X. Bessels Bay ; Hannah Island ; Cape Morton ;— lat. 81° 4' to 81° 7'. 
XI. Polaris Bay, lat. 81° 40'. 

XII. Bellot Island; Musk Ox Bay and Fiord; Discovery Bay; St. 

I'atrick's Bay ; Shift Eudder Bay ; Cape Beechey ;— lat. 81° 40' 
to 81° 53'. 

XIII. Floeberg Beach, lat. 82° 27'; Cape Joseph Henry, lat. 82° 50' ; 

Ward Hunt Island, lat. HH° 4'r f!n,n fi Columbia,. L.f. «a° B\ 



Cape Columbia, lat. 83° 8 



54 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 



After each plant, besides its distribution amongst these districts, 
letters E, W, or G may be found ; these roughly divide the whole 
area visited into three well-marked sections. 

E indicates east shores north of Humboldt Glacier, and of 
80° lat. (Districts 10 and 11). 

W indicates west shores visited, all north of 78° 45'. Elles- 
mere Land and Grinnell Land. (Districts 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13). 

G indicates Greenland station visited, south of Humboldt 
Glacier and of 78° 13' lat. (Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). 

I. Egedesminde ; lat. 68° 42'. Sept. 29 to Oct. 2, 1876. 

We visited this island when homeward bound, and the season 

was too far advanced for successful botanising. It is a low-lying 

granitic island, or rather series of islands, very barren and exposed. 

There is here little soil or sheltered valley-ground to harbour plants. 

At the date of our visit most of the Eric ac em, Pyrola, Cerastium 

alpinum, Polygonum viviparum, and a few grasses, were still in flower. 

I noticed here Polygonum aviculare in small quantity near the 

settlement, perhaps a colonist, and a few stunted plants of Saxifraga 

stdlaru were gathered. I also picked a leaf which, I feel convinced, 

belonged to Viola palustris, the only representative of its family 

found in Arctic Greenland. These latter three were not observed 
elsewhere. 

Disco, lat. 69° 15', July 6 to 15, 1875, and Sept. 25 to 29, 1876. 
This is the best explored botanical locality in all Greenland, 
but my experience leads me to believe that its resources are by no 
means perfectly known. A week's collecting upon the island 
of Disco, m 1875 (Disco botany was quite over at the time of our 
visit in 1876), yielded 119 species. R. Brown, in his 'Florula 
Discoana ' (which comprises a district ranging over nearly a degree 
and a half of latitude, and lying mostly to the north of Disco, and 
is the result of over three months' exploration), enumerates one 
hundred and twenty-nine plants, of which about sixteen are mere 
varieties ; and many are from the mainland and more southern 
localities. My list contains about twenty-eight species from Disco 
not mentioned in Brown's list. If we deduct from Brown's total 
sixteen varieties, and about eight which are only found south 
ol Disco, and probably do not occur there, we have a residue of one 
hundred and five ; adding to these twenty-nine in my list, and 



oecurrin 



north and south of Disco), we may place the Flora of Disco at 
about one hundred and fifty-eight vascular plants. 

Ihe following species do not appear to have been previously 
obtained in Disco : — r 

IUwmhcuIhs ajfims, Br. This is found in East Greenland, north 
coast (Buchenau) ; •< common in Spitsbergen and Melville Island " 
Hooker) ; Cumberland Gulf, Davis Straits (Taylor); and might, 
therefore, be expected to occur in AYest Greenland 

wJTfe "nwVnh Y t V - 9lahra - Not recorded south of Omenak 

-biord, lat. 70° 47 . by Lange. 



latifi 



Arctic 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 55 

East Greenland by Scoresby, and is quoted as a Greenland plant 

by Watson, but has since been excluded from the Arctic flora. 

(Gnaphalium syhaticum, L. I gathered specimens appearing to 

be typical G. sylvaticum as distinct from G. norvegicum, Gunn., in 
Englishman's Bay). 

Habenaria aUrida, Br. Not recorded north of 64° 14' by Lange, 
nor noticed by Brown ; nor is it given in Walker's plants of Green- 
land, gathered by H.M.S. Fox, nor in Diirand's list of Kane's 
plants. Arctic in Greenland, Hooker. 

Listera cordata, Br. South Greenland to lat. 64° 10' in Lange' s 
list; an addition to the Flora of Arctic Greenland. Arctic else- 
where only in Europe. 

Polypodium Dryopterw, L. South Greenland to lat. 64° 10', 
Lange ; an addition to the Flora of Arctic Greenland. Arctic 
elsewhere in East America and Europe. 

Sir Joseph Hooker remarks that "no less than fifty-seven 
Arctic Greenland species are absent in Arctic East America:" 
Listera cordata adds another to the number. Further, he says that 
"perhaps the most remarkable fact of all connected with the 
Greenland Flora is that its southern and temperate districts, 
extending south to lat. 60°, do not add more than seventy-four 
species to its flora." The last two species given above reduce this 
number to seventy- two, and since these two South Greenland 
plants are thus Arctic also in Greenland, they tend to confirm 
his apparently paradoxical remark that " Greenland, as a whole, is 
more Arctic in its vegetation than Arctic Greenland is." 

These two plants add two to the genera, as well as to the species, 
of Arctic Greenland. 

In Disco, the valleys around Godhavn, Lyngemarken, and 
especially Englishman's Bay, are most attractive for the botanist, 
the latter yielding several new species. The island is chiefly com- 
posed of gneiss, syenite, and trap ; upon gneiss and other granitoid 
^ocks the Kricwea seem to thrive best : they were plentiful at 
Egedesminde. Disco is somewhat triangular in form, and about 
sixty-five miles in length from east to west and from north to 
south ; the interior is an ice-capped plateau attaining a maximum 
height of about 5000 feet. From the plateau of Skarvelfield 
(3300 feet), the highest ascent I made, a good view of the island 
tuay be obtained. Up to within a few hundred feet of that altitude, 
on patches bare of snow, a few plants still maintained a footing, as 
Sas^raga hivalw, S. opposite folia. S. cmpitosa, Potentilla nivea, and 

Eriophorum Sckeuchzeri; mosses and lichens seemed comparatively 
scarce. 

Our visit here was somewhat early for botany, the summer only 
petting in thoroughly while we were there. The Governor of Disco 

informed me that the season of 1875 was about a month later than 
usual. 

Hittenbank, lat. 69° 42', July 16, 1875. 

Here we formed a boating excursion to examine loomeries and 
see the Itifdliarsuk Glacier from a ridge at the head of Svarte 
v °gel Bay, about ten miles away. I landed a couple of times 



56 ON THE BOTANtf OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 



during the cruise, and obtained Cassiopeia hypnoides and Lychnis 
alpina just in bloom, two of the prettiest Arctic flowers. At the 
head of the bay I gathered, for the first time, Vesicaria arctica ; 
this is one of the very few non-European Greenlandic plants, 
finding here its southern limit in Greenland. The rock at Eitten- 
bank is glacially smoothed gneiss with erratic boulders perched in 
all directions. 

II. Proven, hit. 72° 20', July 19 to 21, 1875. 

A small gneissose island, containing a good deal of heavy soil 
in many places, and, on the whole, good for botany, especially in 
sedges and grasses. Proven is about 560 feet above sea-level at its 
highest point, and about three miles long by two broad. Near the 
governor's settlement Lychnis affiant and L. trijiora formed pretty 
beds of pink and white flowers. Turritis mollis (another non- 
European Greenlandic plant), was here first met with ; Lauge gives 

lat. 70° for its northern range. Phleum alpinuni, Care.v scirpoides, 
ft alpina, and 0. capiUam were also gathered here. The vegetation 
on this island seemed to me rather more luxuriant than at Disco, 
but this was probably, due in great measure to the advance of the 
season. Nevertheless Proven is a very snug sheltered little island, 
and is free from the chilling effects of a perpetual cap of ice. 
Many species have disappeared since Disco, but Ericace® and 
Sa.vifragacea;, Graminece and Ca rices, are still well represented. 

HI. Upernavik, lat. 72° 48', July 12 ; and Kangitok, lat. 72° 58', 

July 23, 1875. 

Uperuavik Island gave me an impression of extreme barrenness 
and a much reduced flora. Ranunculus pugmceus and R. htjperboreus 
were, however, more common here than elsewhere, and I noticed 
an especially luxuriant growth of lichens. The Heath family, 
which is so weU and beautifully represented at Egedesminde, Disco, 

and Proven, here dwindles to Cassiopeia tetraqona and Diapensia 

lapjxmwa .-while of other plants about half seem to have disappeared 
since leaving Disco. Kangitok is a small low island botanically 
uninteresting ; it appeared to be the northern limit of Diapensia 
lapponica. 

These islands are composed of red granite and gneiss ; our visit 
to each was limited to a few hours. ~~ 



(450 feet) was completely barren, except for Salix herbacea and 
a tew lichens. 

IV. Cape York, lat. 76°, July 25, 1875. 
An exposed headland, about 1000 feet high, composed of 
porphyritic granite crumbling into great banks of fragments, 
amongst which numbers of little auks have their breeding places. 
Upon the guano here accumulated Cerattium alpinum, Alopecurus 
alpnius, tamnpein tetragon*, and several Saxifrages were very 
luxuriant. 1'luppsia alyida, a high Arctic grass, was here first 
gathered, borne mosses also formed pleasant bright green patches. 

(To bo continued.) 



57 



SHORT NOTES. 



PEREGEINUM 



, , Ledeb. — In the ' Botanical Magazine ' 

for December (t. 6466), Sir Joseph Hooker adopts Mr. Baker's 
suggestion in the last Report of the Botanical Exchange Club 
(quoted in < Journ. Bot.,' 1879, p. 250), as to the identity of the 
"Symphytum asperrimum" of cultivation with 8. peregrvnum, Ledeb. 
-The plant in question has long been familiar to British botanists 
as a partially naturalised species ; and we therefore reproduce the 
'Bot. Mag.' diagnosis of the plant, with Sir Joseph's sketch of 
its history; the figure accompanying the description is very 
characteristic. 

" The history of this plant, which is now well known 
under the erroneous name of Symphytum asperrimum (or Prickly 
Comfrey) is still obscure. That it is not the true 8. asper- 
nmum of Don, figured by Sims in this work (t. 929), is obvious 
from a comparison of that plate, in which the calyx is cor- 
rectly represented as short, and shortly 5-cleft to the middle 
only, with obtuse lobes, and which has curved prickles on the 
stem, arising from conspicuous white tubercles. It agrees well 
with the character of & peregrinum given in Ledebour, except 
that the appendages between the stamens are rather shorter 
(than longer) than the anthers, and the style is not always bent 
below the top (stylo infra apicein infracto), though it is sometimes 
so above the middle. From S. caucasicum it differs in the stem 
not being hirsute, nor the leaves softly hoary, and in the calyx 
being deeply divided. In the Beport of the Botanical Exchange 
- Uub cited above (in which work I find the plant for the first time 
referred, though doubtfully, to S. peregrinum) it is suspected to be 
a garden hybrid between S. asper rimnm and 8. officinale, which 
latter is said to be often planted for forage. This may be so, but 
tuere is no evidence of its hybridity, and Ledebour gives a habitat 
£»r the indigenous S. peregrinum, namely, Sawunt in the Talysch 
Province of the Caucasus, at a height of 4000 feet above the sea ; 
a] ia I fiave seen excellent dried specimens in the Kew Herbarium, 
collected by Besser (under the erroneous name of S. caucasicum, 
*"*.)» and by Wilhelms, collected in Iberia in 1824, and sent 

Tt 1 the name ° f S ' (,s P erri '»' n " to tlie late J - Ga y> wil0 has 
ached to the specimen the note, " Je crois que c'est le 

»mphytum caucasicum, M. B. et nullement le S. aspenimum:' 
^oissier in his 'Flora Orientalis' (vol. hi., p. 175) indeed says of 
£• P&egrimm and another, "Forma* hortenses forsan hybrids." 
astly for my own p ai .t, I se e very little reason to regard it as 
woer than a very large form of S. officinale, with the stem fistula* 

hvl°^r P r .°k au ly originating from cultivation, and not from 
y ridization. The specimen here figured flowered in the Eoyal 

Cb'-! nS fr ° m plants of " Prickl y Comfrej," presented by Mr. T. 

t j ,[ J' Wno * las keen the means of widely diffusing the culture of 

son! u '" J,h y tUm as a fodder plant, under the above name. For 

™e notes of its use as a cattle-food I must refer to the ' Report 



i 



r>8 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEM OIKS. 

of the Progress and Condition of the Eoyal Gardens during the 

year 1878/ p. 12." 

The following is the diagnosis of the species : — 
"Symphytum pereyriniim ; caule elato ramoso setis^ sub- 
reversis hispido, foliis inferioribus longe petiolatis elliptico- 
lanceolatiB acuminatis superioribus sessilibus, omnibus molliter 
hispidis ciliatisque, petiolis decurrentibus, calyce fere ad basin 
5-partito seginentis triangulari, lanceolatis sensim acuminatis 
hispidulis, corolla calyce triplo v. quadruplo longiore, tubo 
singulato medio constricto supro medium subcampanulato, ore 
breviter 5-fido, dentibus latis apicibus recurvis, appendicibus 
initheras subsequantibus. S. periyrinuw, Ledebour, Ind. Sein. 
Hort. Dorpat. 1820, p. 4 : FL Boss., vol. hi., p. 114 ; DC. Prodr., 
vol. x., p. 37 ; Briggs [Baker] in Eeport of Bot. Exchange Club 
for 1877-8, p. 17 [Journ. Bot., 1879, p. 250]. S. asperrimum, 

Bab. Fl. Bathon, 32." 



Sciepus parvulus, 1L d S., in Surrey: — Dr. Eyre de Crespigny 
has sent me a specimen of the above plant, gathered by him last 
autumn above Hammersmith Bridge on the Surrey side of the 
Thames. I sent a specimen to Mr. H. C. Watson, who confirms 
the name. — A. Bennett. 



Kotucs of ISooftss anU ittemoivs- 

Florideemes MorphoUryi. Af J. G. Agardh. Med 33 Taflor : till 

Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akadaniiens. Stockholm, 1879, 
pp. 199, royal Ito. 

De Al<jis Nova-Zdandia marinh. In supplementuin Florae Hooker- 

iante scripsit J. G. Agardh. Lunds Univ. Arsskrift. Tom. 
xiv., pp. 32, 4to. 

Ix the first part of his work on the Florid ea, published in 
1851, which forms the second part of his well-known ' Species, 
Genera, et Ordines Algaruin,' Professor Agardh expressed his 
intention of giving, at a future time, a general view of the whole 
organisation of the Florideae, with additional details as to their 
anatomical structure and fructification. This intention the 
Professor has now carried out in the first of the above-mentioned 
works. Viewed only as the result of the patient and elaborate 
observations and minute examination of Algje, pursued during so 
long a series of years by an algologist of such eminence as Prof. 
Agardh, the 'Morphology of the Floride®' cannot but be an 
important and valuable contribution to the literature of this class 
ot plants, and, as such, will be fully appreciated by those 
•Igologists who are able to read Bwed h, in which language the 
work is written. It is to be hoped that the work may be soon 

Jrai lahd The illustrations, which < usist of figures of little- 
known Alg«, and of microscopic details of the structure and 
n-uct in cation, are beautifully executed by Swedish artists. 






NOTICES OF BOOKS AND ME WO IRS. 59 

We must endeavour, although very briefly, to give some idea 
of the contents of this admirable work. The first part describes 
the general aspect and external parts of the plants. The second 
part describes the fructification, and treats at considerable length 
of the antheridia, sphrerospores, and capsular fruit and cystocarp ; 
also of the so-called " double-fructification. 1 ' In this part the 
author discusses the statements promulgated by MM. Bornet 



and Thuret relative to the fertilisation of the Morideae, and, after 
minute examination of the species which formed the subject of 
their investigations, and of a great many other species, British and 
foreign, at all periods of growth, he states that his own researches 
do not confirm the views of the French akoloirists. Those 



botanists who take an interest in the study of British marine Alga> 
will find in Professor Agardh's new work much that will interest 
them as to the structure and fructification of several hitherto 
imperfectly-known plants found on these coasts. 

The second work mentioned at the head of this notice appeared 
m the < Transactions of the University of Lund.' It is a list by 
Prof. Agardh, of the marine AlgaTof New Zealand, collected 
principally by Dr. Berggren, and is supplemental to that of 
B. Hooker and Harvey, whose nomenclature is followed, 
except in cases where a change of name has been rendered 
necessary by further and more accurate examination. Some new 
species are described, and to others notes are appended. This list 
will be found a valuable contribution to the knowledge of the Algffi 
of New Zealand. Mary P. Merrifield. 

AwidecE McLrimilicnw. By Dr. Peyritsch. Carl Gerold's Son. 
Vienna. Large folio, coloured plates. November, 1879. 

Ihis book is a similar production to Schott's * Icones 
Aroidearum,' with which, by reason of its size and the beauty 
and excellence of the plates, it forms a companion volume. The 
purpose of the work is to describe and figure the Aroids introduced 
into cultivation from Brazil, under the auspices of the Archduke 
Maximilian, afterwards the Emperor of Mexico. It was originally 
commenced by Dr. Schott, by whom all the descriptions but one 
were made, and under whose supervision most of the plates were 
prepared. After his death the work changed authors no less 
P lan five times, passing through the hands of Dr. Wawra, 
^r. Ivotschy, M. Beissek, Dr. Fenzl, and finally to Dr. Peyritsch, 

y whom it has been completed. Although some of the 
descriptions have been slightly modified by the subsequent 
authors, yet they remain substantially the same as Schott left 
e m. It is printed in large, clear type, on good stout paper ; 
the descriptions are in Latin, but the habitats and the explanations 
the plates are given in German: this appears to be the one 
ostect of the work. The species described in it amount to thirty - 

ight m number; some of them, perhaps, might better be regarded 
n pieties than species ; out of the thirty-eight species described 

Li ■ 1 if ^ laU ^ rt y uro % ure< l- The plates, drawn by W. 
O poldt, are forty-two in number, and are really magnificent, 



P>0 NOTICES OF ROOKS AND MEMOIRS 



the large size of the book giving full scope to the artist ; there is 
also a handsome frontispiece. The most remarkable species 



delineated is Montrichardia linifera, to which two plates are 



devoted; it is an aquatic or marsh plant of singular appearance, 
having very stout, erect, tapering stems, 6-12 feet high, with 
large, distant, longpefcioled, sagittate leaves; the spathes are 
large and cymbiform, yellowish inside, green without ; the 
yellowish spadix resembles that of Philodendron ; the ovaries are 
connate, and when ripe are consolidated into a large oblong dark 
greenish fruit. The genus Montrichardia is one that is poorly 
represented in herbaria, and not too well known, so that these 
figures are really a welcome addition to our knowledge of it. The 
figure of an inflorescence (most probably monstrous ) of Philodendron 
brerilaminatum is also very interesting, reminding one forcibly of 
the genus Diefenbachia, the ovaries being scattered and 2-4-lobed, 
and are surrounded by some clavate staminodia. 

N. E. Brown. 



Other New Books.— M. Nencki, ' Contributions to the Biology 
of the liacteriacea' (2 tab.), Leipzig, 1880.— Ferd. von Mueller, 

'Eucalyptographia' (Decades 3 & 4), Melbourne; London (Trubner), 
5s. each.— D. & A. N. M< Alpine, 'Biological Atlas' (24 tab.). 
London, W. & A. K. Johnston, 1880, 75. 6d.— Hanstein, 'Das 
Protoplasma ' (Heidelberg, Winter, 1880).— N. J. C. Muller, 
' Handbuch der Botanik,' vol. i., pt. i. ('Anatomie und Physiologic') 
(Heidelberg, Winter).— A. Minks, * Das Microgonidium ' (Basel, 
George, 1879). — C. Luerssen, ■ Medicinisch-Pharmaceutische 
Botanik' (Band n., pt. 4; Leipzig, Haessel, 1879).— T. F. Allen, 
' Charace© American©,' Part, ii., New York, Is. 6d. 






Articles in Journals. — December. 

JMn'$ BeUrage (Band III., Heft. i.)_ T. Hielscher, 'Anatomy 
and Biology of Streptoearpm ' (3 tab.)— E. Beiuling, « Investigations 
into origin of adventitious roots and leaf-buds on leaves of 
In^o>"ui (2 tab.)— G. Schroeter, ' Life-history of several species 
ot 'Kust (contd.)— O. Kirchner, 'Life-history of Yokox minor' 

^N— A. Wernich, P. Cohn, &c., 'Researches on Bacteria' 
(contd.; 2 tab.) 

Finra.—L Celakovsky, 'On viridescent ovules in Hesperi* 

3 T\ n te 1 ?^^' A - Heninger, 'On Hybrids' (con- 
cluded ).— 0. Bockeler, ' Cvperaceae of Tropical Africa '' (concluded) . 
many new species.-W. Nylandcr, 'Note on the colour of Lichens' 
—Id., 'Note on the hypotballus.' 

fnJ^^ /iTir £ W * C - Areschoug, 'On LeycmUria 
formom. -0. Nordsteut . 'On Vwheria (2 tabs.)-!, K. Rosenvinge, 



PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 



61 



Magyar Xov. Lapok. — Cardinal Hayuald, ■ On the gums and 
resins of the Bible/ — (Supplement) A. Kanitz, ' Plants Roumaniae 
hucusque cognitae.' 

(Esterr. Bot. Zeitschrt/L — M. Willkomm, ■ The Brassicea of the 
Spanish-Portuguese Flora.' — G. Beck, ■ On some Orchids of Lower 
Austria' (concluded). — A. Heimel, 'Botanical Notes.' — S. Schulzer, 
1 Mycological Notes.' — E. Traxler, 'Localities for Bohemian Plants. 1 
•V. Borbas, 'Malformed Leaves.' 

American Naturalist. — F. Brendel, c Sketch of N. American 
Botany.' 



{froceetttugs of &octettc& 



Linnean Society of London. 

December 4, 1879.— Prof. Allman, F.R.S., President, in the 
chair. — Samuel Wright, St. Neots, Huntingdon ; George Malcolm 
Thomson, Dunedin, N. Z. ; J. G. Otto Topper, Adelaide ; Major 
Collet, Kurrum; Henry Byron Spotton, Ontario; John Cameron, 
Bangalore ; and Sir Samuel Wilson, Victoria, were elected Fellows 
of the Society. — Dr. Maxwell Masters read a paper "On certain 
relations between the Morphology and the Functions in the leaves 
of Conifers." He called attention to the contrasts to be drawn 
between the leaves of the spruce -firs (Picea) and those of the silver- 
firs (Abies), as regards their arrangement, relative position, form, 
relative size, and internal structure, as described by Bertrand, 
McNab, and others. The leaves of the silver-firs are endowed with 
a power of motion in virtue of which they are raised or depressed ; 
the leaves of the spruces, on the other hand, are comparatively 
motionless. In those cases where the leaves have the power of 
movement there is usually a well-marked layer of " palisade cells" 
which are absent in the motionless leaves. This circumstance has 
led the author to correlate the difference before alluded to with 
varying degrees of functional activity and with the adaptations 
manifested to secure as far as possible to each leaf an equally 
favourable amount of exposure to light, &c, &c. Allusion was 
also made to the movements of revolving mutation observable in 
the " leader-shoots" of many Conifers during the season of active 
growth.— Mr. C. B. Clarke read a paper " n " t«;k«* IWnni** » 
supplementing the 



On Indian Begonias, 



_ _ author's 
I 1 lor a of British India. 



account of Indian Begonias in the 



Mr. Clarke treated of the classification of 

the whole genus (i.e., of the whole Order), except Hildebrandtia and 
R*9<mietU t and maintained that it (the group) can be naturally 
divided into the six subgenera employed in the Flora of British 
India. He discards the differences in the stamens and styles for 
snbgeneric characters, and employs exclusively the structure and 
dehiscence of the fruit. 

Becemher 18.— Prof. Allman, F.R.S., President, in the chair.— 
***• H. Seebohm was elected a Fellow of the Society, and Messrs. 
A - D. Bartlett, N. E. Brown, of Kew, and F. H. Waterhouse were 



02 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 



elected Associates. — Mr. B. Daydon Jackson exhibited a complete 
series of the various editions of Dillenius's ' Historia Muscorum,' 
Oxford, 1741, and its reprint, Edinburgh, 1811, in illustration of 
tbe following communication, The Eev. J. M. Crombie read a 
paper "On the Lichens of Dillenius ('Historia Muscorum'), as 
illustrated by his Herbarium." The latter collection is preserved 
in the Botanic Gardens at Oxford; and the specimens, though 
well-nigh 150 years old, are still in a good state of preservation. 
The earlier writers on Cryptogamic Botany in their synonymy and 
nomenclature made constant reference to his descriptions, hence 
the present importance and value of an analysis of his material, 
and tbe more so as hitherto no systematic examination has been 
attempted, though some old writers have compared a few forms. 
Notwithstanding very considerable accuracy of identification of the 
Dillenian Lichens, serious mistakes appear to have crept in. 
Mr. Crombie reviewed the series, giving a conspectus and technical 
data adapted to the present standpoint of Botany. 



Geologists' Association. 

January 2, 1880.— Mr. G. S. Boulger read a paper on " The 
Geological and other causes of the distribution of the British Flora," 
of which the following is an abstract :— Geographical Botany dates 
from Humboldt's invention of isotherms and altitudes. Since his 
time we have been indebted to Meyen, Schouw, Watson, Edward 
Forbes, Tburmann, DeCandolle, Grisebach, and, for a natural 
system of distribution, more especially to Sir Joseph Hooker and 
Mr. Bentham. The causes of distribution may be divided into 
three heads : genetic or original, means of dispersal, and checks to 
dispersal or causes of survival within a limited area. The chief 
means oi dispersal are birds, ocean currents, rivers, wind, man, 
and hairy or woolly quadrupeds. The checks to dispersal may be 
classed as barriers, $.#., oceans, deserts or mountain -chains, 
climate soil, watersheds, and the struggle for existence with pre- 
established forms ; climate consists chiefly in temperature and 
humidity and is by far the chief physical (as opposed to genetic) 
cause of distribution ; temperature depends on latitude, proximity 
to the ocean, and altitude. Climates form two distinct classes, 
continental and insular, the latter being moister and more uniform, 
J.«n bave a less hiberno-aestival variation— The west coast of 
l»ritam, for example, is more insular in climate than the east.— 
ineir native climate is as clearly reflected in the vegetative system 
of plants as m their method of fertilisation in the reproductive 
organs, boils affect distribution mainly by their differences of 
texture and consequent permeability, but also by their chemical 
composition, especially by the presence or absence of lime. 
Waters!* affect distribution in that plants are mainly carried 

t'Z/™™' ii : i , (1 ' tU ? gh perll:, l ,s « a S enc y of secondary 
nipoitance, are the mos available of all natural bases of mapping", 

ufiFZPF** 0{ueiil }y exact circumscription. Analyzing the 
lbOO British flowering plants, we find 20 confined to the Channel 



BOTANICAL NEWS. 63 

Islands ; 40, mainly dwarf alpine perennials, confined to Scotland ; 
16, mainly moisture loving, such as mossy Saxifrages, and mainly 
also belonging to the Asturian flora of Forbes, confined to Ireland; 
100 so universal as to tell us little as to internal distribution ; and 
some 300 either easily overlooked, and therefore probably not truly 
mapped, of recent and non-natural introduction, or confined to 
single localities. The remainder may be classed with regard to 
requisite moisture as Hygrophilous, Xerophilous, or Noterophilous, 
the former division including most shade-loving or Nemophilous 
plants, the Dryads of Martius, and the Xerophiles most but not all 
Calcophiles or lime-loving plants. Typical Hygrophiles are 
C<(ItJt<(, Cardamine pratensUj and Lychnis Flos-cuculi, mainly confined 
to alluvial soil, and Ovum rival e; typical Nemophiles, Lychnis diurna, 
Oxalis Acetosellu, and Asperula odorata ; typical Xerophiles, Erophila 

rmia, Campanula rotund* [folia, Daphne La ureola 9 Fagus sylratica, and 

C'arduus acaulis: typical Calcophiles, Ophrys apifera, Aquilegia, 

Lychnis vespvrtina, Speculariu, Xcottia, Pulsatilla, &c. England is 
divisible into nine tolerably natural botanical provinces, viz., 
1. The Thames and South-east, westward to the axial watershed 
and that of the Axe and Otter, entirely Neozoic ; 2. East Anglia, 
the valleys of the Blackwater, Stour, and Yare ; 3. East Fen and 
Secondary, the valleys of the Wash and Humber; 4. The vale of 
Severn, including that of the Bristol Avon, but not that of the 
Wye; 5. The Peninsula of Devon and Cornwall; 6. The Welsh 
Mountains, including the Wye, but not the Dee ; 7. The Lowlands 
of Cheshire and Lancashire, from the Dee to the Lune inclusive; 
8. The Lake Mountains, with the valley of the Kent ; 9. North- 
umberland and the valley of the Tees. 



Botanical Netos- 



Prof. Bayley Balfour left London early last month for 
Socotra with the purpose of investigating the Natural History of 
that Island, on behalf of the Committee appointed by the British 
Association at their meeting at Dublin in 1878, and for which a 
grant of £130 has been made by the Association, and a further 
grant of £175 from the Government Fund administered by the 
Royal Society. The topography of Socotra has been well described 
,} y Lieut. Wellstead in the Geographical Society's Journal for 
1835 ; but the zoology, botany, and g< ology may be said to be 
entirely unknown. When Hildebrandt left Europe for Madagascar 
ja the autumn of last year it was his intention to visit Socotra; 
but though the island is seen by all who pass through the Bed Sea 
to the East, it is extremely difficult to reach, and Hildebrnndt was 
Compelled to pass it. Prof. Balfour carries with him strong official 

Recommendations to the Government authorities at Aden. It will 

be necessary for him to make special arrangements for proceeding 
worn Aden to Socotra, but it is expected that he will return to 






64 BOTANICAL NEWS. 

Aden in the Government vessel which carries the annual subsidy 
to the chiefs from the British Government whereby its protectorate 
of the island is secured. Mr. Alexander Scott, a young and able 
gardener from the Edinburgh Eoyal Gardens, accompanies Prof. 
Balfour. The zoological and geological collections, when worked 
out, are to be placed in the British Museum, and the botanical 
collections in the herbaria at Kew and the British Museum. 

Mr. Andrew Taylor has succeeded Mr. John Sadler as Assistant 
Secretary to the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. 

Mr. Spencer Le Marchant Moore has resigned his post in the 
Kew Herbarium. All communications should be addressed to him 
at Arundel House, Lewisham, S.E. 

We are glad to learn that Mr. T. E. Archer Briggs' ' Flora of 
Plymouth,' to the proposed publication of which we referred in our 
last volume, is already in the press. We extract the following 
indications of the style and scope of the work from the 
prospectus :— The author will give the results of his own 
observations on the vegetation of this area, combined with all the 
existing records of importance concerning it that he has been able 
to collect. He will give the class of each species as a native, or 
otherwise, of the tract dealt with ; state the nature of the spots 
where it grows, together with its comparative frequency and 
distribution therein. These particulars will sometimes be followed 
by critical remarks and other observations on the plant, as a 
Plymouth species. The introductory portion of the work will 
comprise a sketch of the physical features and surface conditions 
ot the area of its geology, river drainage, and climatology. This 
portion will also include a short account of the progress of botanical 

wnrt fl /T te ! atl I e t\ ^Wfo *** *s neighbourhood. The 
work will be illustrated by a coloured map to show the six 
botanical districts founded on the river drainage, as well as the 

t Z ZS m0S \f i tL t If 10118 reCOrded *>' the P^ts. The price 
at a t7t« T /i ^ h ^'rsnmea ; subscribers' names to be sent 
at once to the author, Eichmond Villa, Plymouth. 

NfltJnTi .*£ ?? e ni 0f i ^ " Eppiug Forest and County of Essex 
Wft^rfW "Hi °r lb ii an associatio » ™ established on the 
Srv Z LT 1 f ° r he f udy and inve ^igation of the natural 
a teSnbi3' f c }f^SJ of the county of Essex (special 

o Enni i. To?.! I'M the ^ amia ' fl ora, geology, and antiquities 
°at2 tlJ?n^;- the l )U S lca tion of the results of such investi- 

othei nub catio- 7 f a h ? rary ° f WOrks of local ^^rest and 
ofj Wo5Z£nT N^ C i 1 ' ? atl ° n ° f a mUSeUm ; and the diffusion 
Colf Z7(S» V 1 M C16nCe T aDd An tiquities. Mr. William 

Cole, Laurel Cottage, Buekhurst Hill, is the Secretary of the Club. 
Prof. Ascherson, of Berlin, has undertaken a journey to Egypt. 
'mar T s™ %l^* J? *«**«*> on January 22nd. 



Mr. Marshall Ward, who has been c 



ileputed by the Colonial 



S^»*«ffiftMS 



65 



<&ngtual Mvtitlt*. 



A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 

By J. G. Baker, F.B.S. 

In the present paper I have attempted to draw up short com- 
parative descriptions of all the known species of Isoetes. The 
genus has been studied very carefully during the last twenty years 
by A. Braun, Durieu, Engelmann, and Milde ; but their papers 
are very widely scattered, and often difficult of access. We hoped, 
as in the case of Characea, that A. Braun would have published a 
general monograph of the genus, but this he did not live to accom- 
plish. A few years before his death he worked up all the Kew 
specimens, and since that we have received a rich addition from 
the herbarium of Gay, so that I have had authenticated specimens 
to examine of nearly all the Old World forms that have been 
named and described, although for some of them the material has 
been too scanty to allow me to characterise them as fully as I 
could have wished. For the North American forms our material 
in London is less complete ; but Dr. Engelmann, who has a mono- 
graph of them just ready, has kindly helped me with them by 
letter, and I have implicitly followed his lead. 

KEY TO THE SPECIES. 

Group 1. Aquatics. 
Veil none. 1. /. triquetra. 2. I. Gannii. 3. I. elatior. 

Veil partial. 4. 7". lacustris. 5. 1. echinospora. 6. I. azorica. 

7. /. pw/mwa. 
Veil complete. 8. I. Stwwtii. 9. 1. Lechleri. 

* 

Group 2. Subaquaticje. 

North American species, with a 2-lobed rootstock. 

Veil partial. 10. I. Bolanden. 11. /. Tuckermani. 

12. J. saccharata. 13. I. ripariu. 

Veil complete. 14. I. melanospora. 

Australian and New Zealand species, with a 3-lobed rootstock. 

15. I. Muelleri. 16. I. Kirkii. 17. I. alpina. 18, I. Drummondii. 

Group 3. Amphibia. 

Rootstock 2-lobed. (All North American species). 

Veil partial. 19. I. Butleri. 20. I. mslanopoda. 21. I. Engdmanm. 

Veil complete. 22. L NuttaUU. 23. I.fiacmda. 
Rootstock 3-lobed. (Species of the Mediterranean region). * 

Veil none or very narrow. 24. 1. setacea. 25. J. adqpena. 

26. /. Malinccmiana. 

* 

N -s. vol.9. [Maech, 1880.] * 



QG A SYNOPSIS Oh THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 



Veil nearly or quite complete. 

27. 7. velata. 28. 7. Perralderiana. 29. 7. dubia. 30. 7. tcyulensis. 

31. 7. Boryana. 32. 7. tenuissmia. 33. 7. olymjrica. 

Species of Tropical Africa. 

34. 7. Welwitschii. 35. 7. nigritiana. 36. 7. Schiveinfurthii. 

37. 7. (cquinoctialis. 

Species of Japan and Tropical Asia. 
38. 7. japonica. 39. 7. coromandelina. 40. 7. brachyylossa. 

Species of Australia. 41. 7. tripus. 

Species of Tropical America. 
42. 7. amazonica. 43. 7. cabana. 44. 7. Gardneriana. 

Group 4. Terrestres. 
45. I. Duriari, 46. I. Hystri.r. 

Group 1. Aquatics. — Species inhabiting lakes and ponds 
where they are permanently submerged. Leaves without 
stomata, accessory bast-bundles, or persistent bases. 

1. I. triquetra, A. Br. in Verb. Branden, 1862, 36. — I. andina, 
Spruce MSS. — Rootstock very thick (nearly 1 in. diam.), 2-lobed. 
Leaves 60-100, stiffly erect, firm in texture, dull green, 2-3 in. 
long, one-sixth in. broad at the middle, with a channelled tri- 
quetrous tip, and a distinct crisped border reaching from the base 
half way up, without either stomata or accessory bast-bundles. 
Sporangia oblong, truncate at the apex, \ in. long, copiously dotted ; 
veil none. Macrospores obscurely tubercled between the ridges, 
more distinctly tubercled on the lower half. Microspores smooth, 
brown or white. 

Hab. Andes of Quito, Spruce! Peru, Lechler. 

2. I. Gunnh, A. Br. in Berl. Monatber., 1868, 535.— Rootstock 
3-lobed. Leaves 50 or more, stiffly erect, opaque, dark green, 
2-3 in. long, T ' T in. broad at the middle, nan-owed suddenly at the 
tip, with a short brown uncrisped border running up from the 
base, without stomata or accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, 
orbicular; veil none. Macrospores large, smooth, chalk-white. 
Microspores smooth. 

Hab. Tasmania, forming large masses in the mountain-lakes, 
alt. 3500-4000 feet, Gunn, 1563 ! 

3. I. elatior, F. M. ; A. Br. in Linnsea, xxv. (1852), 722; Berl. 
Monat., 1868, 536.—/. tmmauica, F. M. ; Durieu in Bull. Bot. Fr. 
1864, 101, ex parte.— -Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit of I. lacustris. 
Leaves 30-50, flaccid, dark green, diaphanous, reaching a foot in * 
length, £ 1m. broad at the middle, the lanceolate base running up 
the edge as a distinct membranous uncrisped border for 3-4 in., 
without stomata or accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, 
brown orbicular, unspotted; veil none. Macrospores small, 
white hnely granular. Microspores smooth. 

Hab. Tasmania, in lakes, Archer ! 



A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 67 

4. I. lacustris, Linn. ; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 55 ; Duriou, Bull. 
Bot. France, 1861, 164; A. Br. in Verb. Branden, 1862, 17.— I. 
atrovirens, T. Fries.— I. macrospora, Durieu. — J. Morei, D. Moore. 
Bootstock 2-lobed, generally about £ in. diam. Leaves generally 
20-505 8-6 in. long, £-1 lin. diam. at the middle, dark green, 
flaccid, diaphanous, tapering to the point, the edge decurrent from 
the base short and narrow, without stomata or accessory bast- 
bundles. Sporangia subglobose or oblong, |~£ in. long, 
unspotted; veil partial. Microspores large, white, strongly 
granulated. Microspores quite smooth. 

Hab. Widely spread in the lakes of Northern and the 
mountains of Central Europe ; rare in North America. Durieu, 
m Bull. Bot. Soc. France, xi. 102, separates the American plant 
by its larger macrospores as a species as L macrospora. I. Morei, D. 
Moore in Journ. Bot., 1878, 353, t. 199, from Lough Bray, 
Wicklow, is a large flaccid form with leaves about a foot long. 
I. crassa, setacea, and tenella of Leman and Desvaux represent 
three forms of this species as to robustness of growth. ' 

5. I. eohinospora, Durieu in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, viii. 164 ; ^ y{ 
A. Br. in Verb. Brand., 1862, 24 ; Bab. in Journ. Bot., 1863, 

t. 1.— Rootstock f-f in diam., 2-lobed, rarely 3-lobed. Habit of 
I. lacustris, but leaves more slender, generally 20-50, 4-6 in. long, 
about | lin. broad at middle, flexible, diaphanous, light green, 
tapering gradually to the point, the edge decurrent from the 
dilated base narrow and short. Sporange globose or oblong, J in. 
long, unspotted ; veil short. Macrospores middle-sized, distinctly 
spinulose all over. Microspores slightly papillose. 

Hab. The type widely spread in the lakes of Northern and 
Central Europe, often associated with /. lacustris. In /. Braunii, 
Uurieu (I. ambigua, A. Br.), of North America, Greenland, and 
Iceland, the leaves are darker green, with a few stomata, the 
veil larger, the sporange spotted, and the microspores smooth. In 
• mur icata, Durieu, of New England, the leaves are longer, the 
unspotted sporange half covered by the veil, and the spinules of 
the macrospore shorter; and in J. Boottii, A. Br., of Boston, 
U.b.A., the leaves are stiffly erect, with a few stomata, and the 
macrospores rather smaller, with very slender spinules. 

2 1 h I,AZ0RIC . A » I)urieu ; Milde Fil. Eur., 278.— Bootstock probably 
jMobed. Habit of I. echinospora. Leaves 2-3 in. long, under \ lin. 
broad at the middle, light green, diaphanous, without stomata 
j* accessory bast-bundles. Sporangia subglobose, unspotted, 1-1 £ 
m \ *® n gl veil large, but partial. Macrospores middle-sized, 
reticulated over both halves. Microspores granulated. 
iv Azores, in a shallow pool in the island of Corvo, H. C. 

watson, 349 ; a few specimens collected in the year 1842. 

2 1 k }' PYGMiEA > Engelm. in Amer. Nat., 1874, 214.— Kootstock 

to ?1 • Lea T es 5 ~~ 10 > i- 1 in - lon g> dark green, tapering rapidly 

tiie point, without stomata or accessory bast-bundles. Sporange 

gobose; veil very narrow. Macrospores middle-sized, marked 



08 A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 

with small, regular, rarely confluent papillae. Microspores 
minutely papillose or nearly smooth. 

Hab. California, on the eastern declivity of the Sierra Nevada, 
alt. 7000 feet, Bolander ; discovered in 1866. 

8. I. Stuaktii, A. Br. in BerL Monatber., 1868, 539. — I. ImmiUor, 
F. M. ; A. Br. in Linn^ea, 1852, 722, ex parte. — Bootstock 2-lobed. 
Habit of/, lacustris. Leaves 4-6 in. long, pale green, diaphanous, 
narrowed gradually to the point, without stomata or accessory 
bast-bundles. Sporange small, globose; veil complete. Macro- 
spores with very numerous tubercles, which are sometimes 
confluent. 

Hab. Tasmania, in the South Esk Biver, C. Stuart ! 1. 
Hookeri, A. Br. loc. cit. 9 from the same station, seems to be 
another form of the same species, with stiff er dark green leaves 
narrowed suddenly at the tip, and macrospores with smaller 
distinct tubercles. 

9. I. Lechleri, Metten. Fil. Lechler, ii. 36 ; A. Br. in Verb. 
Branden, 1862, 35. — Bootstock 2-lobed. Leaves 12-20, stouter 
than in lacustris, 3-4 in. long, T l T in. diam. at the middle, dark 
green, flexible, diaphanous, tapering gradually to an acute point, 
without stomata or accessory bast-bundles, the broad membranous 
margin decurrent from the dilated base running half-way up the 
lamina. Sporange globose ; veil complete. Macrospores middle- 
sized, smooth. Microspores minutely tubercled. 

Hab. Cordilleras of Peru, Lechler, 1937 ! I. socia, A. Br. I c. 
36, was afterwards regarded by him as a form of this species. /. 
Karstenii, A. Br. loc. tit., gathered by Dr. Karsten at a height of 
8000 feet in the Andes of New Granada, differs only by its 
muricated" microspores. 

Group 2. Subaquatice.— Species inhabiting shallow water. 



So 
I. 



Leaves with a few stomata, but without either accessory 
bast-bundles or persistent bases. 

10. I. Bolanderi, Engelm. in Amer. Nat., 1874, 676.— I. cali- 
uca, Engelm. MSS. olim.— Bootstock deeply 2-lobed. Habit of 
echinospora. Leaves 5-20, 2-41 in. long, i-i lin. diam., 
tapering to a fine point, diaphanous, bright green, with stomata, 
but without accessory bast-bundles. Sporange mostly oblong, 
unspotted, covered £-i by the veil. Macrospores small, finely 
granulated. Microspores more or less papillose or spinulose. 

Hab. Sierra Nevada of California, in ponds and shallow lakes 
at 5000-10,000 ft,, Bolander. Var. Parryi, Engelm., from the 
falls of the \ellowstone, differs by its rather smaller macrospores 
and almost smooth microspores. 

ana 11 '*' S^^ 1 ' A ' B *'> En gelm. in Gray Man., edit, v., 
0,6.— Lootstock 2-lobed. Habit of /. eehmotpora. Leaves 10-30, 
o-4 in. long 4 lin. diam. at the middle, bright green, diaphanous, 
tapering to the point, witb a few stomata, but without accessory 
hist-lmndles. Sporange small, globose, sometimes spotted; veil 
partial. Macrospores middle-sized, the upper half covered with 



A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 69 

parallel anastomosing ridges, the lower half reticulated. Micro- 
spores nearly or quite smooth. 

Hab. Ponds near Boston, associated with forms of echinospora, 

Tuckerman ! 

» 

12. I. saccharata, Engelm. in Gray Man., edit, v., 676. 



Rootstock 2-lobed. Leaves 10-15, 2-3 in. long, slender, 
diaphanous, olive-green, furnished with stomata, but without 
accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, ovoid, nearly unspotted, 
only the upper edge covered by the veil. Macrospores middle- 
sized, minutely tubercled. Microspores papillose. 

Hab. On "Wicomico River, eastern shore of Maryland, between 

high and low tide, Canby. 

13. I. riparia, Engelm. in Gray Man., edit, v., 676. — Eoot- 
stock 2-lobed. Leaves 15-30, resembling those of lacmtris in size 
and texture, 4-8 in. long, J-£ lin. diam. at the middle, deep green, 
diaphanous, furnished with stomata, but without accessory bast- 
bundles. Sporange oblong, spotted, -J- in. long; veil partial. 
Macrospores middle-sized, white, strongly granulated all over. 
Microspores large, tubercled. 

Hab. Gravelly banks of the Delaware, and margin of ponds in 
New England. 

14. I. melanospora, Engelm. in Oaks United States, ii., 
in note. — A dwarf gregarious, usually monoicous species, with 
a 2-lobed rootstock. Leaves few, slender, distichous, fur- 
nished with stomata, but without accessory bast-bundles. 
Sporange small, globose ; veil complete. Macrospores minute, 

sometimes blackish, obscurely granulated. Microspores obscurely 
papillose. 

Hab. Georgia, on Stone Mountain, in shallow depressions of 
the base granite rocks near the summit, Canby. Discovered 
m 1869. 

15. I. Muelleri, A. Br. in Berl. Monatber., 1868, 541 . — Rhizome 
3-lobed. Habit of I. echinospora. Leaves about 3 in. long, pale 
green, diaphanous, narrowed to the point, furnished with stomata, 
but without accessory bast-bundles. Sporange globose; veil com- 
plete. Macrospores with numerous minute unequal tubercles 
confluent into ridges. 

Hab. Queensland, in ponds at Rockhampton, CyShanessey. 
Discovered in 1867. 



ans 



I. Kirkii, A. Br. in Berl. Monatber., July 22, 1869; Kirk in 
New Zeal. Instit., ii. 107, t. 7.— Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit 
°i slender forms of I. echinospora, Leaves 10-20, 3-4 in. long, 
2 lin. diam. at the middle, pale bright green, diaphanous, tapering 
jo the point, furnished with a few stomata, but without accessory 
bast-bundles. Sporange small, globose; veil complete. Macro- 
spores small, beset all over with minute unequal tubercles. 

Hab. New Zealand, in lakes at a low level in the northern 
island, Kirk ! 



70 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 

17. I. alpina, Kirk in Trans. New Zeal. Instit., vii., 377, t. 25. 

Kootstock 3-lobed. Habit of L lacustris. Leaves 20-50, about 

| ft. long, f-1 lin. diam. at the middle, dark green, diaphanous, 

tapering to the point, furnished with a few stomata, but without 

accessory bast-bundles. Sporange oblong, $r-+ in. long; veil 

complete. Microspores middle-sized, smooth. Microspores finely 
tuber cled. 

Hab. New Zealand, in lakes of the mountains of the southern 



f 



island, alt. 1700-3000 ft., Kirk! Cheeseman ! Berggren ! 

9 

18. I. Drummondii, A. Br. in Berl. Monatber., 1863, 593; 1868, 
542. — Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit of European I. tenuissima. 
Leaves 6-12, scarcely diaphanous, 2-3 in. long, £-£ lin. diam., 
tapering to the point, furnished with stomata, but without 
accessory bast-bundles. Sporangia small, globose; veil none. 
Macrospores small, chalk- white, with numerous tubercles, which 
are distinct between the grooves, but over the basal half confluent 
into ridges. 

Hab. Swan River, West Australia, Drwnmond, 989 ! 

(To be continued.) 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR 

EXPEDITION OP 1875-6. 

By Henry Chichester Hart, B.A., Naturalist to H.M.S. 

1 Discovery.' 

(Continued from p. 56). 

V. Foulke Fiord, lat. 78° 18', July 28, 29, 1875. 

This fiord is well known as the winter-quarters of Dr. Hayes, 
18G0-61. Its sides are from one to two miles apart, rising to 
a plateau 1500 to 2000 feet in height. The rock is chiefly red 
gneiss, surmounted here and there, as at the upper end of the 
glacier, by basalt, traps, and sandstone, which in many cases has 
been eroded and given rise to a fertile valley at the head of the 
fionh Along this valley to Alida Lake, at the foot of Brother 
John's Glacier, is about one mile.. A hard day's climbin" brought 
a party of us up the north side of the glacier, across the mer-de- 
glace at its head and down by its southern side. This walk gave 
me an impression of greater life and growth than any other in the 
Arctic regions ; the southern side of the valley is the head- quarters 
ot myriads of little auks, and the result is a richness of soil under 
tlie bird cliffs which leads to a rank and rapid vegetation. Here 
brst i iound the pretty and sweet-scented Hesperis Pallasii ; typical 
Dychms apelala and ihyns octopetala also grow here in company with 
their commoner and more southern forms, Lychnis affinis and 
Bryas mtegnjuha. Upon the plateau, from twelve hundred to fifteen 
hundred feet I gathered also, for the first time, Samfraga flaaellaris ; 
it appeared o be confined here to high levels. At this station also, 
in the neighbourhood of Point Jensen, Dr. Coppinger was fortunate 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 71 

enough to discover the beautiful Pedicularis capitata, afterwards met 
with very sparingly in Hayes Sound and Discovery Bay. This plant 
was hitherto believed to be confined to Arctic Asia and America, 
and is, therefore, an addition to the flora of Greenland. Cardamine 

?-•***■■-. a mm* 



lif, 



^ 



growth here, and the masses of rose-pink flowers of Epilobium 
latifolium near the glacier were very beautiful. SteUaria humiftua, 
not met with further north, is also very plentiful at low levels. 
Here, no doubt, more remains to bo found, and it was to me a source 
of the greatest regret that on our homeward voyage we did not 
revisit this most interesting of all our havens. 

VI. Cape Sabine, lat. 78° 45', July 29 to Aug. 4, 1875. 

From this point northward, along the western shores of Smith 
Sound, the Phanerogamic botany has been hitherto entirely 
unknown ; all remarks henceforward may, therefore, be viewed as 
especially interesting. Cape Isabella, lat. 78°, had yielded a couple 
of flowering plants to Dr. Hayes's Expedition, 1860-61. 

Cape Sabine is a barren headland with a few islands around it, 

-Che formation is chiefly red syenite, with scattered „ 

stone in many places. Empetrum nigrum, which was very common 
here, was not met with further south ; a fair variety of species 
(about thirty-five) was observed, but almost in all cases the plants 
were few and stunted. Here, however, the Saxifrages seemed to 
thrive, of which six species occurred abundantly often in close 
proximity, S. nivalis being, as is invariably the case, the least con- 
spicuous and plentiful. 



drift 



Hayes 



August 4 to 6, 1875. 



56', 



Here we touched and had opportunities for landing at several 
points on the southern shore, which is for the most part low and 
fertile, extending, as at Twin Glacier Valley, to considerable 
plains. The rock is sedimentary and mostly sandstone ; the Flora 
is rich and varied, some very pretty plants, as Kpilobiinn latifolium, 
flowering profusely; Pedicularis capital was again met with in 
small quantities. At a considerable and rather recent-looking 
^sqiuinaux settlement, which I have called "The Deserted 
Village," the vegetation was, for the latitude, exceptionally 
uxunant, Carex stmts here attaining a height of close on two 
eet a growth which no other herbaceous plant north of Disco 
could compare with. Ilaniinntlus aulphureus was also conspicuous. 
-Urec ferns— < 'ystoptetisfragilds, Woodmtkyperborea and W. glabella— 
grow here upon high ground (500 to 1000 ft.) a little way inland; 
6 two latter I gathered nowhere else. Woodsia hyperborea is not 
given by Hooker as occurring in East Arctic America, though it is 

2 weenland plant, while W. glabella, though an East Arctic 

menouii plant, does not appear in Greenland. Their occurrence 
company is therefore very singular, since their Arctic range 
ould a PPear to be widely distinct. 



72 ' ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 



A great change in the Flora of this coast takes place here; 

Vaccinium uliginosnm, Cassiopeia tetragona, Pedicularis flammea, 
Carta alpina, Hierochloe alpina, Lycopodium SeJar/o, and the two 
Woodsias find here their northern limit. This Sound forms (as 
far as we know) the northern boundary of Ellesmere Land and 
the southern of Grinnell Land ; it is from twenty to thirty miles 
in width, with a large island (Backe Island) some ten or twelve 
miles across, situate in its eastern opening. From Hayes Sound 
to Cape Lieber, about 160 miles, there stretches a barren cliff-girt 
coast with no harbourage for plant-life in any quantity. The rock 
is an unyielding, hard limestone, which is seldom diversified with 
valleys and seems incapable of forming soil ; for many leagues on 
the plateau inland (1500 to 2500 feet) this formation rolls away 
in a scene of unbroken desolation — a vast shingle of hard angular 
blocks devoid almost of even lichen life. Districts VIII. and IX. come 
under this division, and include many points at which we landed 
during August, 1875, and August and September, 1876. Braya 
alpina was first met with on the cliffs of Walrus (Norman 
Lockyer) Island in lat. 79° 30', but became frequent afterwards ; 
Ccrastium latifolium (var. cmspititsum), a rare plant, found previously 
by me at Disco, was gathered by Dr. Coppinger in Gould Bay in 
lat. 79° 43' ; Samfraga ccespitosa (not uniflora) occurred at Radmore 
Harbour in lat. *80° 22', a form I only met with elsewhere at 
Disco. Nothing else was noticed worthy of mention, and these 
two districts yielded only some tw T o dozen species, several of which 
probably only occur at Dobbin Bay. This coast, though seemingly 
so impoverished when compared with Discovery Bay, is never- 
theless superior botanically to Polaris Bay and Bessel's Bay; 
and a botanist visiting these latitudes without having explored 
Grinnell Land to the north of Archer Fiord, an area north of 
all the others, would cany away a most erroneous impression on 
the subject, reckoning, as he would, some thirty instead of seventy 
species. 

X. Bessel's Bay and Hannah Island, lat. 81° 4' to 81° 7', 

August 24, 25, 1875. 

This shore is composed of a hard limestone with little or no 
talus or low ground, descending from 800 to 1000 feet to the sea. 
It is almost destitute of vegetation, clad with an ice-cap, and has 
many glaciers discharging to the sea. Upon Hannah Island 
Caress nardina was very plentiful ; while on the shores of Bessel's 
Bay Dr. Moss obtained specimens of Poa alpina, a high latitude in 
Greenland for this grass, which was subsequently obtained in 
Polaris Bay. * J 

XI. Polaeis Bay, lat. 81° 40', May 12 to 18, 1876. 
My visit here was much too early for any satisfactory explora- 
tion of the botany of this district. Nevertheless a severe and 
continuous gale of wind, which detained our sledges for some 
days, exposed the surface in many places and enabled me to 
recognize several withered plants. Later on, however, in July 
and August, Dr. Coppinger, during a lengthened sojourn here, 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BKITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 73 

made a careful collection of all the species lie could observe ; that 
collection, as well as other excellent ones of his from different 
stations (including one made by me in Discovery Bay), has 
fortunately corae under my examination, and from it and my 
own observations I am enabled to give an account of this district. 

The rock about Polaris Bay is a hard slaty limestone, turning 
into shale in places ; near the shore for some distance lies a 
plain of considerable extent, rising gradually for a mile or so 
inland, and then, by a series of abrupt declivities, to a higher 
plain of 600 to 1200 feet. The lower plains are tolerably sprinkled 
with vegetation, but the higher level is composed of barren shingle 
which in many places the snow never leaves ; about a mile inland, 
and at an altitude of no more than 300 feet, a blue edge, two feet 
thick, of a diminutive glacier may be seen, while a few miles to the 
south the Petermann Glacier discharges into the straits. Heavy 
floeberg ice from the Polar Sea also drifts to this coast and remains 
throughout the summer, tending no doubt to lower the temperature ; 
and I am inclined to think that a colder summer upon this shore 
plays an important part in causing the remarkable difference which 
exists between the flowers upon the opposite sides of the straits. 
Opportunities of interchange of species must occur; summer- 
torrents commonly carry blocks of frozen soil laden with plants to 
the ice foot, or to the marine ice at Discovery Bay or elsewhere ; 
ice rafts may then carry them to other shores as the wind or tide 
directs, and, once having reached the land, they will often be forced, 
by the pressure of some outside travelling floe, to a distance from 
the sea, and in a safe position to form a new colony. 

No plants occurred in Polaris Bay which were not common 
upon the opposite shore, except, perhaps, the form Dryas octopetala, 
which is barely worth mentioning apart from D. intr<jrifoUa. 
Saxifrages were extraordinarily scarce, only two species occurring 
as against seven in Discovery Bay. CyperacM appear to be entirely 
absent, though six species at least occur upon the opposite side. 
The entire flora only numbered twenty-two species, less than a 
third part of that upon the west shore of the straits, twenty-five 
^iles off. In Polaris Bay the proportion of Monocotyledons to 
Dicotyledons is 1 to 45, in Discovery Bay it is 1 to 2-9, and the 
decreasing proportion of Monocotyledons to Dicotyledons in Polaris 
Bay denotes a more Arctic vegetation. 

XU. Discovery Bay, lat. 81° 42', Aug. 25, 1875, to Aug. 20, 1876. 

. For a radius of about fifteen miles from the ' Discovery's ' 
winter-quarters the country was thoroughly explored by me, and 
others belonging to that ship ; while north of this, to Floeberg 
#each, the coast was visited and examined at numerous points by 
parties belonging to the 'Alert.' Discovery Bay yielded sixty-six 
flowering plants (49 Dicotyledons, 17 Monocotyledons), one fern, 
and two horse tails : almost all these were to be found close to the 
harbour, and several not elsewhere ; with one or two exceptions 
phe whole Flora of Grinnell Land is to be found upon Bellot Island 
^ Discovery Bay. 



74 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 

Four principal valleys intersect this country, — The Bellows, 
the Long Valley, Musk Ox Fiord, and St. Patrick's Fiord; of 
these the Bellows is the chief, being a long raised fiord about a 
mile wide, commencing at sea -level and running in a north- 



... u ^c. ^ u ,» ciiu j.m±xxx±l£ 



westerly direction for about twenty miles to the base of the 
United States range of mountains (5000 to 6000 feet). 

In these valleys ami upon their slopes with a southern aspect, 
or about their entrances near sea-level, is to be found most of the 
vegetation of the district. Inland, and between these valleys, the 
general appearance of the surface is a vast, barren table-land, or 
series of table lands from 2500 to 4000 feet, clad in perpetual snow, 
with here and there blown bluffs or bare declivities. These 
stretch away westward to meet the inland range of mountains, a 
range which I was unable to visit owing to the Late return of the 
sledge-parties. It is not, however, probable that these mountains 
would have produced anything botanically interesting, but their 
geological structure and the towering heights of some of the 



peaks were to me sources of great attraction. 

The most luxuriant growth at this latitude is found on banks 
facing from south to east at from two to five hundred feet above 
sea-level— as upon Buttercup Banks, on Mount Cartmel, Bellot 
Island, and between the ship and Musk Ox Fiord, Although 
there is a deep clay in the valleys in many places, the surface is 
tor the most part barren; when the thaw sets in, this clay and 
large pieces of mud banks from the brows and valley-slopes become 
disintegrated, and, sliding down, are carried by torrents towards 
the sea. Sometimes plants, especially Scdix arctica, successfully 
exert a binding effect and partially arrest this wholesale 
denudation, but it is common to see blocks of half-frozen mud and 
ice containing plants and roots torn out and hurried to the shore. 

Although, in appearance, many plants, especially ( 'rueifera, 
bring then- fruits to perfection, yet, north of Disco, no annuals 
occur. The duration of the sun's power in these latitudes is not, 
I believe, sufficiently long to thoroughly ripen the seed ; seedlings 
are never met with, and the extension of the range of any given 
species would seem to be due to the creeping powers of the 
mdmdual (a power which, with very few exceptions, all possess) 
or to plants being drifted downward*, as described above. This 
T?-' ° f COurse r 1 occurs 1 onl y to a limited extent, obstacles 
vZ^f,f g '"I r d n t0 Check h ; hence " is evident that the 
wW H^c m I lSt by degree ^ 8****% ^cumulate at low levels 
in twi 1 - S 2SP5 - and ' acccmlil >S ^ the land rises from the 
rut W, 1 1S T f U t mg f* a C011y ^rahle rate, the flora, as a 
'SS S - Up ° n the 0ther llaml > toe lichens occur chiefly at 
mi rS tZ ». 2V"* f - they do ' wha * ™ formerly the sea- 

ttiosf lave nnM ' "^ SW ***** **"*** to *• ^ r0ck > 

i!?l h<Ue not becn so liab1 ^ to be earned down to the lower 



level 



hieher A iff mdigenous plants do not germinate in the 

Br g NLis > Id' 810 ? 8 ' *?* St " ls bron " ht ™« Will do so. 
i*. Nuns planted seeds under a shelter of glass ashore in Discovery 






ON THE BOTANY OK THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 75 

Bay ; when the sun was strong and at its greatest altitude in the 
daytime, this protection raised the inside temperature a decree or 
two, but at most times the inside and outside temperatures were 
umiorm, or nearly so, and constantly as low as 33° P.; the seeds 
planted were peas, beans, celery, wheat, mustard and cress— all of 
these germinated and grew. Nor is the excessive cold of the 
winter months m these regions, involving as it does upwards of 
one hundred degrees of frost, fatal to the vitality of mature seeds : 
wheat, which had been left at Polaris Bay by Hall's Expedition of 
1871, and which had been thoroughly and entirely exposed to the 
weather tor four successive winters and summers, germinated when 
sown m Discovery Bay ; while the beans and peas we experimented 
upon had experienced, upon the ship's upper deck, the whole 
seventy of our winter, with a minimum temperature of 71° F. 
it is thus quite possible that migratory birds, currents of air or 

I!/'. 01 ' ?' agents ' may iu some 1;lre Cil * es introduce mature 
seeds to a soil prepared to receive them, but it should always be 

2 ,ii U !• I , T? h "aportwK* ought not to be attached to the 

distribution of plants by such means. 

As a rule the various flowering plants occur in tufts or patches, 
i e same species i growing in considerable quantity at each station, 
and perhaps not again to be met with, or not for a considerable 
u stance ; pen colonies are sometimes thus formed, the brightest 
a «1 aigest of which will be found to be due to GW f.li^nnsa. 
nSrtT S 1S *, remai 'kable exception ; it seems to have no 

slttpt f P i°T' T\ is only t0 be foimd vei T rarel y m single 

£fcS? ! U i ' * h0lds a VG1 ' y P 1 "***™' tenure, and will 
probably soon become extinct. 

foot ^ T n ° d0ubt distributed oy drifting pieces of the ice- 

rtXf maS f S 0f ice wbicb W ^ *&°™, serving 

o 1 s l\°uT Yey Pg\ fr ° m bay t0 bay: this ma8t » ^wever, be 
suecfp, L ,aU U ! lgbt be "JPe^. si «ce the range of so many 
species is extremely confined ; for instance, Bellot Island, lat. 

Whinl \ Z \ S , W ° s P ccies » Saxifraga ritmUtm and Stone acaulis, 

were not found for two degrees to the south of it, and one, 

six i, , T h £ 0t observe(1 *«** of Proven, hit. 72° 20'. Three 
lenan-T "? D } scovei T B W ™t met with elsewhere : these are, 
frnnibZ ^."." / <"" / "'". Andromes sepUmtrionalis, and Desehamjma 
and «L H ^>''>;'\Pf<mi and IWicuhms capita* are both rare 
occuntS lmi . ted , m their distribution, and several species 
X^i f C V n ¥' 69 ° 14 '> reappear here for the first time, 
green eKt « 10U ? h 0Ccrarin S in clusters, by no means give a 
others ™ v S?. lMld *? a P e » /; /" 7 "'"'»'» UtWoUum, Sali.r mrtica, and 
sed-es n^l !ii g th ? shi,1 " le a P° n wllich the y grow— most 

«epara t ; rlt^f^^ ^ ^ow in tufts, or by sending up single 
forms *w?rSn , , httle or no leat-growtli. Drya$ integrifolia 

"»«ch Sonn f nC J ' 0WU tU1 * f ' while tho Saxifri «" a «1« c0 ^ 
Tbf , Wlth a ****** brown growth. 

and eenernli, "\T\ io ™ n Z this P :ut of Grkraell Land is azoic, 
ip St P, /, • f. £• C , layey shale >— sometimes, as about ten miles 

• -rauicRs 1 mrd— forming an excellent, fine-grained black 






76 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 

slate, with true cleavage ; near the mouth of this fiord masses of 
hematite appear, and a few miles up there are beds of a hard pale 
unfossiliferous limestone, which is of rare occurrence. Drifted 
foreign and sometimes fossiliferous rocks, rounded boulders, ice- 
scrapings, and other evidences of glacial action are to be met with 
in many places at high elevations (1000 feet and upwards) above 
the old sea shores; on the summit of Mount Cartmel (1800 feet), 
the slaty shingle is grooved and fluted in unmistakable fashion, 
and the last condition of this land, while its lower parts were 
beneath the sea, was evidently the same as the present ice-capped, 
glacier-forming era of the opposite continent of Greenland. 

The following notices of the arrival of summer may be 
interesting : — 

In 1876 the sun was above the horizon on February 26th ; 
on May 10th, ptarmigan had begun to get summer colours ; on 
May 14th, at Polaris Bay, leaf- shoots of Saxifraga oppositifolia put 
forth young leaves, the thermometer standing at 9° F. ; snow 
buntiugs arrived at Polaris Bay on the 15th of May; the first 
trickle of water upon a black rock-surface was seen upon May 16th; 
on the 27th of May, shoots of Stellaria longipes were in growth ; on 
the 29th, flies made their appearance; June 7th, Saxifraga 
oppositifolia was first seen in flower, and a day or two afterwards 
Draba parviflora came into blow ; June 13th was the first warm 
summer's day of the year. 

Besides the difficulties due to the climate, there are others in 
the way of plant-growth ; lemmings swarm here, and subsist 
entirely on vegetable matter, which is also the support of numbers 
of hares, musk oxen, ptarmigan, and brent geese. Individuals of 
these watched or dissected by me led to the following conclusions : 
the musk ox will eat almost any herbage, but seemed especially 
fond of Carex fuliginosa and Salix arctica ; the brent goose prefers 
shoots and heads of lianunrulus nivalis, Eriophorum capitation, and 
Cerastium alpinum ; Saxifraga caspitosa was the favourite food of 

hares, everything else was rejected by a leveret which I kept in 

confinement ; ptarmigans appear to subsist entirely upon willow 

tops (Salix arctica) ; the reindeer will reject everything for Stellaria 

longipes, while the seed tops of Drabas and Poppies form the chief 

food of the snow bunting; Saxifraga oppositifolia and Drabas 

support hosts of lemmings, and the former is no doubt eaten by 

all in the early part of the season, being the first to form fresh 
growth. 

The tufts, shoots, and stems of many arctic plants, especially 
Scuitraga oppositifolia, S. caspitosa, and several Drabas become to 
all appearances dead at the close of the season, but next summer 
bu< start forth at the apex and axils of these stems to form fresh 
tiov ring branches; this is commonly the case, the vigour becomes 
quiescent, frozen as it were, and the plants do not shed their 
withered sprays ; hence it is usual to find dense clusters of old 
leaves and branches attached to a plant, as in Drgas integrifolia 
and Saxifraga trirmphlata, etc. Many years leaves may be 
found on one sample of Saxifraga oppositifolia or Festuca ovina; 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION . 77 

Splachnam Wormskioldii and other mosses have the same habit, and 
in favoured situations, where not exposed to floods and secure from 
drifting thaw at the opening of the season, these accumulations 
form an excellent turf: this usually occurs only in small quantities, 
but once a footing is established the process is sure if not rapid. 
Dryas inteyrifolia and Saxifraya caspitosa are the chief turf-builders. 

The commonest plants in Discovery Bay were Saxifraya 
oppositi folia, S. caspitosa, and Dryas inteyrifolia, and their flowers 
were also most abundant, the former covering many square yards 
with its magnificent sheets of red-purple ; the ground that it grows 
on and the plant, except the flowers, being scarcely visible. I 
have never seen any wild plant to compare with this Saxifrage for 
a rich display of colour. Its flowers occur of every shade of pink 
and purple, varying in hue at different periods of the season, and 
it remains in blow from the earliest spring to the latest summer. 

The thawing of the snow is the signal for growth to commence, 
and after that all plants alike have to take their chance of being 
submerged and swamped for a time. Ve sic aria and Hesperis seemed 
alone to demand a comparatively dry situation throughout ; on the 
other hand some sedges, cotton sedges, and other plants which we 
are accustomed to regard as marsh plants, have to subsist on soil 
as dry afid hard as iron during most of the summer. 

The rarest plants in Discovery Bay were Pedicularis capitata 
(two small colonies), Arnica montana (one plant), Armaria 
yrcmhmdica (a few plants), Cardamine pratensis (a couple of plants), 
the two Equiseta (three small colonies), Saxifraya rivularis (a 
couple of plants), and Trisetum subspicatum (a few plants). 

The only scented flowers in Discovery Bay belonged to 
Hesperis Pallasii, which in a strong sun gives forth a delicate 
odour of hawthorn. 

Salix arctica and the species of Poa and Draba are eminently 
variable in their growth ; of these, Salt® arctica is usually tolerably 
constant for any given district. Saxifraya caspitosa var. uni flora 
has two very well-marked forms, united by a series of slight 
gradations ; the same may be said of Papaver nudicaule and Dryas, 
and the extremes are to be met with sometimes side by side. 
Moreover, the degree of hairiness in all plants is very variable, 
seeming often to follow a reverse law to animal life, and decreasing 
to the northward: this might be expected, as it is probably a 
useless and luxuriant effort of growth; this is observable in 
Pedicularis hirsuta, in Salix arctica, Draba hirta, and others; the 
colours yellow and white are also very unstable and interchangeable, 
as amongst all the Drabas ; in Saxifraya caspitosa, often yellow ; 
*B Papaver nudicaule, sometimes pure, and often nearly pure, white; 
and in Dryas inteyrifolia, which is frequently yellow. 

On the sides of mountains with a southern aspect, I estimated 
the line of perpetual snow in the neighbourhood of Discovery Bay 
at fourteen to fifteen hundred feet above sea-level. Spaces blown 
clear of snow occur at higher levels upon exposed ledges, hillocks, &c, 
and these will still support a few of the hardier flowering plants. 
-Ine snow-fall is, however, never of any great depth, and during 






78 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION, 

the winter of our experience did not probably exceed a foot and 
a-half at the most, except where drifted. Upon the vertical range 
of species, I made the following observations with an aneroid : — 
At 2000 feet occur — Papacer mtdicaide, Draba alpina, Saxifraga 

oppositifolia, S. casjntosa. 

At 1500 feet — Poa arctica, Cerastium alpinum, Stellaria longipes; 
the last two very scarce and stunted. 

At 1400 feet — Saxifraga cemua, Oxyria reniformis, Saxifraga 
flagellaris, S. nivalis, S. tricuspidata, Alopecuru* alpinus, PotentUla 
nirea, Cerastium latifolium. 

At 1000 feet — Pedicidaru hirsuta, Lychnis apetala, Erioplwrum 
capitatiun ; the latter not appearing at lower levels. 

At 800 feet — He$perU Pallasii, Taraxacum Dens-leonis, 

At 700 feet — Erigeron unifloru*, And rosace scptcntrionalis, Pedi- 
cularis capitate {Saxifraga tricuspidata disappears), Equisetum varie- 
yatum. 

At 500 feet — Salix arctica, Pedirnlaris sudetica, PotentUla frii/ida, 
Draba androsacea, P). hirta. 

At 400 feet — Ahine verna, Vesica Ha arctica, Draba parviflora, 
Carex fuliifinosa. 



At 300 feet — Cochlearia anglica, Erigeron compositus. 

Up to the highest of the above altitudes, two mosses (Tortida 
leucostoma and O rthothecium cltrt/seum) occurred with the Phanero- 
gams there mentioned. Lichens were not observed. I may here 
mention that I cannot agree with Professor Theodor Fries, who, 
in his admirable paper upon that branch of the botany of our 
expedition (Linnean Society's < Journal of Botany,' vol. xvii., 1879), 
speaks of lichens as " belonging to the flora that approaches 
nearest to the north pole." Certain phanerogams surpassed them 
in vertical range; and from the latitude 83° 6 r , whence Lieut. 
Aldrich brought home one lichen {Gyrophora cylindrica); he also 
brought home one phanerogam and two others from lat. 83° 4'. 
I believe the latter, if there be any difference, will hold their own 
against lichens in the struggle for life to the farthest northern land. 

Some plants seem to be unable to flow r er in Discovery Bay. 




w/a riviuaris, and (Jar damme pratemis made 
no effort to flower, while others, as Saxifraga cernua, S. nivalis, S. 
tricuspidata, and Festuca brevifoUa only blossomed very sparingly ; 
male catkins of Salix arctica became extremely rare northwards, 
scarcely occurring (if at all) beyond lat. 80, while female catkins 
continued to be plentiful. Again, the anthers of others, M 

Alopecurus alpinus and Stellaria hnujipes, rarely open so as to shed 
their pollen, as they do abundantly in lower latitudes, where its rich 
colours are often conspicuous. These instances tend to confirm 
my observation that arctic plants are independent of reproduction 
by seed. Butterflies and other insects, whose office it often is to 
fertilise flowers, occur here ; and though the function is no longer 
in use, as it must have been hi a more temperate climate, they 
remain as a relic of a former more extensive arctic fauna. 



NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAMPTON SHIRE. 79 

On guano soil or organic matter, as around old Esquimaux 
settlements at Hayes' Sound, about aukeries and below bird-cliffs 
as at Cape York and Foulke Fiord, certain plants are most at 
home, as all Saxifrages (except S. opposUifoUa), and especially 
b.cernua, Stellarta lovyipes, Lychnis affinis, Ranunculus sulphureui 
Alopecurus alpmus, Ccrastium alpinum, Salix arctica, and most 
mosses, especially Splachna. On the other hand, the species which 
seem to take first to freshly- formed glacial mud, free from organic 
matter, are Papaver nudicaule (especially the form P. alpinum), 
Umbos, Braya atpina, Saxtfraga oppostefotia, Care., fulimnoM, 

Phippsia alyula, Dn/Hs, PotentUla nirm, Lychnis a petal,,, Poas, and 
testucas, Krwphora, and most lichens may be included as mowing 
upon inorganic rock. ° 

(To be continued). 






NOTES ON THE FLOBA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

By G. C. Druck, F.L.S. 

(Continued from p. 40.) 

Prumtshmtitia, L. Dallington, Loddington, Collingtree, Ac, 
jenea; Abmgton, Yardley Chase, Nene b ; Brigstock Woods, 
Nene c ; Whittlebury Forest, Ouse. 

/'. dommica, L. In old hedgerows in several localities, as 
■He-ore, Nene a; Grafton Eegis, Ouse, &c. 

1\ Cerasus, L. Harleston, Nene a. 

Nen 0tetiwn nuiricati "», Spach. Cultivated fields, Southorpe, 

PotentUla proewnbevs, Sibth. Plain Woods, Nene a ; Silverstone 
wood, Ouse. 

Comanm palustre, L. Biggin (Her. M. J. Berkeley). 

tiwwrhamnifoliw,W*JcX. Harleston Firs, Nene a; Silver- 
stone Woods, Ouse. 

/.'. discolor, W. & N. Generally distributed. 

h. thyrsoideus, Wimm. Hunsbury Hill, Moulton, &c, Nene a. 

h. leucostochys, Sm. Hunsbury Hill, very fine, Harleston, 
W« ; Yardley Gobion, Ouse. 

R. amplifteatus, Lees. Harleston Firs, Nene a. 

M. rudts, Weihe. Harleston Firs, plentiful, Tiffield and 
Dayton, Nene a; Silverstone, Ouse. 

W«fji '' a /-!' 11 "' Weihe> Harleston, rare, Nene a ; Silverstone 

"OOCls, OllSC 

JR. Kahlrri, Weihe. Harleston, Plain Woods, Gayton, &c, 
iNene a .-.«. paUulus. Tiffield, Nene a. 

Nm-tl iln ''' s ' t " , " (s - Lindl. Only less frequent than discolor round 

diSvi ; * U1 1 ) {? ,1 » aud especially abundant at Duston, also in Ouse 
•i-tyct— Var. /( // 0i , ( ,, Gayton and Upton. 

suhh,\ con j' \ t l ,liu ^ Sm. Frequent and generally distributed.— a. 

8^V?2*' Ho "S ht °n, Nene b.— b. conjnnyen*. "Duston, Nene a. 
atoke Bruerne, Ouse. 



80 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

R. althcBifolius , Host. Plain Woods, Nene a; Grimsbury, 

Cherwell (French). 

R. easius, L. Generally distributed. 

Rosa spinosissuna, L. Very local, and only on the sandy soil of 
Boro' Hill, Badby Wood, and Harleston. 

R. Doniana, E. B. Hedge near Kettering (Lewin), Nene 6. 

R. niolh'ssima, Willd. Apparently confined to a small space 
about Blisworth and Plain Woods, Nene a. 

R. tomentosa, Sm. Foxhall, Nene b ; Welden, Nene c. 

R. scab rinse ula. Plain Woods, Nene a. 

R. lutetiana, Lem. Generally distributed, as at Plain Woods, 
Whittlebtiry Forest, Barnwell Wolds. 

R. surculosa, Wood. Middleton Road, Cherwell. 

R. sphwrica, Gren. Hunsbury Hill and Rothersthorpe Road, 

Nene a. 

R. dumalis, Bechst. Harpole, Gayton Road, &c, Nene a; 

Yardley Gobion, Ouse. 

jR. biserrata, Merat. Delapre, Nene b; Helpstone, Welland. 

Rn urtica, Lem. Very common in all the districts. 
R. arvatica, Baker. Buxworth, Nene a; Near paper-mills, 
Nene b. 

R. dumetorum, Thuill. Gayton Road and Hunsbury Hill, Nene a. 

R. pruinosa, Baker. Warkworth, Cherwell. 

JR. tomentella, Lem. Between Gayton and Blisworth, Nene a; 
Roade, Denshanger, Ouse. 

R. andeyavensis, Bast. Grimsbury, Cherwell (French). 

R. verticillacantha, Merat. Nene side, Rothersthorpe Crossing, 
. Hunsbury Hill, Nene a. 

R. Reuteri, Godet. Weedon to Farthingstone ; very good typical 
at Gayton, just above railway crossing, in high hedge with dumalis, 
coriifolia, &c. 

R. implexa, Grev. Borough Hill, Dodford side, Nene a. 

R. coriifotia, Fries. With R. Reuteri, as above ; also*near Silver- 
stone, Ouse. 

R. Borreri, Woods. Side of railway, Delapre meadows, 
Nene b. 

Pyrus Aria, L. Cogenhoe, Abington, &c, Nene b ; Bugbrooke, 
Nene a. 

P. communis, L. Occurs near Coton, Avon; Roade, Nene a; 
Castle Ashby, Nene /;; Barnwell Wolds, Nene c. There are two 
varieties, one flowering much earlier than the other. 

P. acerba and P. mitis. Both occur in the old forests of Whit- 
tlebury, Salcey, Rockingham, &c. 

Peplis Portula, L. Badby Wood, in damp riding and pond 
side near Farthingstone Castle dyke, Nene a ; very rare. 

[Lythrum Hijssopifolia, L. Berkeley MSS M - Top. Bot.' This 
has not been seen by Mr. Berkeley, the locality, Sutton Heath, 
Nene c, being given him by Mr. Henderson. I have searched in 
vain for it there.] 

Epilobium brachycarpum, Leight. Harleston, Duston stone- 
pits, Nene a. 



NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 81 

E.obscu rum, Schreb. Upton Meadow, Nene a; Wellingboro' 
Nene 6; North dyke-side, Peterboro', Nene c; Wicken, Ouse. 
E . tetragonum , L. Blisworth, Nene a; Geddington, Nene b. 
E. roseum, Schreb. Arthingworth brook (Lewhi), Nene b. 
Myriophyllum verticillatwn, L. Higham Ferrers, Nene b; ■ 

North bank-dyke, Peterboro* ; rather local, Wakefield pond, 
Ouse. 

M. spicatum, L. Castle Ashby pond, Nene b; Wakefield. 
Ouse. 

Callitriche verna, L. Dallington, &c, Nene a; Cogenhoe, &c, 

Nene b; Peterboro', Nene c; Stoke Bruerne, Ouse; Ufford, &c, 
Welland. 

C. platycarpa, Kutz. Holdenby, Nene a ; Delapre, Nene b. 

C. hamulata, Kutz. Higham Ferrers, Nene b; Cosgrove, 
Ouse. 

Sedum album, L. On walls in and about villages: generally 
distributed. J 

[S. Forsterianum and 8. reflexion of Baker's History are probably 
S.rejiexum, L., which occurs in the localities given, and in many 
other places ; and is quite naturalised by canal side near Grafton 

Regis.] 

Cotyledon Umbilicus, L. Kingsthorpe, on wall above the 
village spring, 1879, nearly covered with Parietaria; on Brampton 
-Bridge, almost hidden by ivy, 1878 ; veiy rare ; these localities 
are given in Baker's History; Litchboro' and Canons Ashby, 
abundant, covering every wall, Nene a. I should certainly think 
"indigenous in the two latter places; Peterboro' Cathedral, 
extinct. These localities are almost, if not quite, the eastern 
hunt of this plant. 

Pamassia palustris, L. Bapidly decreasing, but still plentiful 
at Wittering, Nene c. 

Hydrocotyle vulgaris, L. Dallington Heath, rare, Nene a; 
* oxgall bog, Nene b; Wittering, Nene c; Wakefield, Ouse. 

Krynymm campestre, L. Sides of Watling Street, near Brock- 
aan, Nene a. Not lately found. Specimens from the locality 
are cultivated in the gardens of Col. Clarke, at Welton, and 
Mr. inornton, of Brockhall. 

Helosciadum inundatum, Koch. -Side of Ouse, Denskanger; 
utlilingboro' meadows, Nene b. 

f- repent, Koch. Foxhall Bog, Nene b. 

Beesle n \ nthe silai - folia ' Bieb * ? Kin S Sutton Bog (French 6 
OviB^ aliWn erectum > Huds - Borders of Whittlebury Forest, 

G. Witheringii, Sm. Nene bank, &c, Nene b. 
Nen Pmda WWKteea, L. Abundant in the Wittering Aiatriek. 
Q ug e c > and like Genista, &c. ; also occurring at " T 



Valeri 



(W S "2? Mikan "< Syme. Whittlebury Forest, H 
Dl. r.*' * ° rd P^lieus, Nene c ; Yardley Chase, 
P ant of woodlands and hedgerows. 



Wappenham, 

Heathencote, &c, 
Nene b. The 



M 






82 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

F. sambucifolia, Mikan. Brooks and canal sides, as at Huns- 
bury Hill, &c. Not quite so frequent as Mikanii. Intermediates 

occur, and show all gradations. 
* [Cardans tenuiflorus, Curt, in < Top. Bot.\ seems to have dis- 
. appeared from its old habitat, where probably it was only a casual.] 

Carlina vulgaris, L. On the old quarries and calcareous 

ground, as at Blisworth, with Omtiana Amarclla, Nene a ; Southorpe, 

Weldon, &c, Nene c\ Collyweston, Welland, and Cosgrove, Ouse. 

Arctium majus, Sclmkr. Brampton, Bother sthorpe, Nene a, 

and in the other districts. 

.(. 191111119! Schukr. Also generally distributed. 
*Anthemis nobilis, L. Only as a garden escape or waif of culti 

vation on railbanks. 

Artemisia Absinthium, L. Abundant on the ironstone quarries, 

Denton, Nene b. 

Doronicum plantaginnim, L. On a bank near Denton, Nene b. 

Bidens cernua, L. Marsh by canal side above Northampton, 
Nene ; in similar situation near Yardley Gobion, Ouse. 

*Inula Helenium, L. King's Cliff and Marholm (Berkeley), 
Nene c. 

I. dysenterica, L., var. discoidea. Harpole, Nene a. 

Solidago Yirgaurea, L. Very rare. Var. angustifolia occurs in 

Badby Wood ; type on Boro' Hill, Nene a. 

Hypochceris maculata, L. Southorpe (Berkeley), Nene c. I 
found a couple of specimens in 1878 (queried in ' Top. Bot.') 

Picris hieracioides, L. Harpole, Blisworth, Nene a ; Grafton 
Underwood, Nene .b; Weldon, Nene c\ Yardley Gobion, Ouse. 

Crepis taraxacifolia, Thuill. Harleston brickyards abundantly, 

and also in field near Dallington, about a mile from former locality, 
Nene a. 

Hieracium vulgatum, Fries. Boughton; Badby Woods, Nene a; 
Bedford purlieus, Nene c ; Wicken Wood, Ouse. 

Frica cinerea, L. Harleston Heath, Nene a ; Peterboro', Nene c. 

Monotropa Hypopitys, L. Castle Ashby Wood, 1873 (Miss 
Brent), Nene 6; Walcot (Berkeley) ; Welland. 

Cuscuta europcea, Murr. Near Northampton, Nene a ; King's 
Cliff (Leu-in), Nene c. 

C. Epithymum, Murr. Harleston, Nene a; on Calluna. 

C. Trifolii, Bab. Harleston, Nene a ; Yardley Gobion, Ouse. 

Verbascum virgatum, With. Harleston Heath, Nene a; Sewage- 
works. 

Digitalis purpurea, L. Almost absent from the county; Har- 



leston Heath, Nene a, possibly introduced; Badby Woods, 
plentiful, not in Notcutt's list of Daventry plants, but given for 
this locality in Baker's History. 

Antirrhinum Orontimn, L. Thornhaugh (Berkeley); Barnack, 
Nene c. 

*Linaria Cymbalaria, Mill. Abundant in numerous localities, as 
on Peterboro' Cathedral. 

Veronica scutellata, L. Harpole; Gay ton, Nene a; Wittering 
Marsh, Nene c. 






* 



NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAMPTON SHIRE. 88 

nientha viridis, L. By Nene side, with Armoracia ; Dodford 

Nene a. ' 

M. piperita Huds., var. officinalis, Hull. Plentiful between 
Duston and Nobottle, Nene a. 

M. hirsuta, L., var. subglabra, Baker. Gayton Canal, &c, 

Nene a. 

M. satica L. Harleston, Tiffield, &c., None a; Wansford, 
Nenec; Denshanger ; Coppice Moor ; Ouse, all M. rival*. 

M. rubra, Sm. Canal-side, Hunsbury Hill, Nene a. Not 
typical rubra. 

Thymus Chamadrys, Fries. Plain Wood, Nene o; Wittering 
Heath, Nene c ; Cosgrove ; Wicken Wood, Ouse. 

Calamintha Acinos, Clairv. Harleston, in sandy fields side of 

Meatli Nene a; abundant in sandy fields at Southorpe, Wittering, 
Burleigh, &c, Nene c. b 

Marrubium vuhjare, L. Brampton, Kingsthorpe, Blisworth, 
JNenea; Kettering, Nene b ; Pilsgate (Junes) ; Welland. 

Xepeta Cataria, L. This grows freely on the borders of 
Whittlebury Forest. 

[Staclujs yermanica, L. Gathered wild in some quarries between 
1 'meshade and Wakerley, by Mr. Lewin, several years ago, when 
" was plentiful ; it has now disappeared, the site being brought 
under cultivation.] B 

Lamium vacuum, Willd. Near Brigstock, Nene c. 

leucrium Scorodonia, L. One of our rarest plants,' occurring 
only in sm all quantity in Harleston Firs, near the old boundary- 
wall, Nene a. J 

Myosotis collina, Reich. On old walls, as at Lamport, Dallington, 
Wdland g8t0ck ' Nene b; Witterm g> Nene c; Colly weston, 

Symphytum tuberosum, L. Kirby Hall (Lewin) ; Welland ; 

eSt 7 y {Miss Brmt )' Mr< Lewiu thinks ' li was wild at 

roy trom whence specimens were gathered and distributed 
trough the Exchange Club by Notcutt. 

oJ*' ,?>fi c " ude > ^- The white-flowered form alone occurs, 
generally distributed. 

Cynoglossum officinale, L. Upton road-side, Nene a ; Staniou, 

Sfor!/ ; j * armin g Woods, Southorpe, Nene c ; Cosgrove, Ouse ; 
Stamford Warren ; Welland. 

C n J^ Smachm "•&«*, L- Denford, Nene b ; Wansford, Nene c ; 
^sgrove, near canal, Ouse. 

Anagalhs aerulea, Sm. Potter's Pury, Ouse, &c. 

Denfn'T mi T alerandi > L. Nene banks, Northampton, Nene a; 
"ora; lhrupstone, Nene b; Welland banks (Jones). 

wlioaTn ? um album ' L - C - cmidicans, Lamk. Common in 

and pot and iu dry sitnations - C - »"**» L. Among turnip 
ri.v, £. a cro l )s - C faganwm, Beich. W r ith jureceding, and on 

Waste ground, Peterboro' sewage farm, Nene e. 



ncil f W*e ground. 

(-"ficifoli 



Great fe^k***' L - DaUingtc 
6at Hou gliton ; Weekley, Nene b. 



Quinton 



84 ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF HYPNUM SALEBROSUM. 

Atriphx deltoidea, Bab. Harpole, Nene a; Sewage-works, 

Nene b; Peterboro', Nene c. 

A. erecta, Huds. Sewage-works, Nene b ; Barnack, Nene c. 
A. Smithii, Syme. Sewage-works, Nene b ; Old Stratford, 

Ouse. 

Rume.c nemorosus, Sclirad. Duston, Nene a; Denshanger; 

Wicken Wood; Whittlebury Forest, Ouse. 

R. maritimm, L. (queried in - Top. Bot.') Found last August 
growing sparingly by some of the cross drains below Peterboro'. 

Polygonum maculatum, Dyer. Var. densum; plentiful by dyke 
sides below Peterboro', growing with Polygonum nodosum, Pers., 

var. album, &c. 

P. biforme, Wahl. Kingsthorpe railway-side, Nene a. 

Mercurial is annua, L. Ploughed fields, King's Cliff (Lmvin)* 
Ceratophyllum aquuticum, E. B. Nene near Castle Bridge, 
Northampton; iawsley Park fish-ponds, Nene a; Boughton fish- 
pond, Nene b ; Peterboro' dykes, Nene c ; Furtho, Wakefield, 

Ouse. 

Urtica Dodartii, L. Near Kettering (Leivin), Nene b. 

Ulmus glabra, Mill. Frequent about Cransley, &c, Nene b. 

Quercus pedunculata, Ehrh. The ' Queen's ' and * Salcey ' oak are 
this variety. 

Carpinus Betulns, Ij. Bare; Upton; Yardley Chase. 

Popndus alba, L. Dallington, Nene a; Great Billing, Nene b ; 



Moor end, Ouse. 



(To be oncluded.) 



ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF HYPNUM SALEBROSUM, 

Hoffm., IN BRITAIN. 

By E. M. Holmes, F.L.S. 

Mr. G. Davies, by questioning the evidence of the occurrence 
of Hypnum salebrosum, Hoffm., as a British moss, has done good 
service by eliciting more accurate information concerning the 
characteristic features as well as the geographical distribution of 
the species. One or two points, however, remain which it might be 
interesting to clear up. Having had the opportunity of examining 
the specimens in the British Museum, which have been alluded to 
in the ■ Journal of Botany ' for 1879 (pp. 305, 844, 359), I am glad 
to be able to confirm the statements of Dr. Spruce and Mr. F. A. 
Lees. 

In Wilson's herbarium there exist two specimens labelled, 
"On trees, Oakcliff Wood, Kirkham Hill, Yorkshire, Oct., 1848/' 
which exactly answer to Dr. Spruce's description of the species. 
These specimens are marked also "forma capsulis par vis," 
apparently in Dr. Spruce's writing. In appearance they corres- 
pond to the figure given by Schimper in 'Bryol. Eur.,' t. 16, c. 1. 
No other specimen in Wilson's herbarium annears to be the true 



all 



H 



except a few sent to him as II. salebrosum, which have been 



ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF HYPNUM SALEBROSUM. 85 



Wilson, and referred to H 



Wilson 



lutescens. It is interesting to note that Mr. 
observed the difference between H. jSlildeanum and H. salebrosum, 
Hoffm., or that it had been pointed out to him by Dr. Spruce, 
since the abbreviation Hoffm. is doubly underlined by him on Dr. 
Spruce's specimens, and also on a barren specimen from Cork 
received from Mr. I. Carroll, and carefully distinguished, as "the 
first sent/' from others afterwards sent by Mr. Carroll, which are 
undoubtedly H. Mildeanum. The specimen labelled "the first 
sent" is unfortunately not in fruit, and is so fragmentary that I 
hesitate to pronounce whether it be H. salebrosum, Hoffm., or H. 
velutinum, especially as the apex of the leaf is not so elongated as 
in typical H. salebrosum. but more nearly resemble that of if. 



vehttinum. 



ccurs in Mr. Wilson' 

H. Mildeanum and H 



further confirms the view that Wilson recognised a difference 
between them. The note is as follows:—" T. Drummond's Forfar 
specimens approach to H. campestre in aspect, but have a different 
seta. The seta of H. salebrosum, from Southport and Ainsdale, 
when viewed by very oblique light of the sun, shows obscure and 
scattered papilla, but these are less evident than in II. campestre 
(from Bruch), and there is always a glossiness and more purplish 



din 



H 



evidently phcate when dry."* 

A specimen from Mr. Mitten, labelled by himself ' 
{H. plumosum, Br. & Schpr.), on the roots of beech trees in the 
ashen plantation, Hurstpierpoint, Dec, 1846," is evidently a broad- 
leaved form of H. Mildeanum. This is probably the plant alluded 
to by Mr. Lees in i Journ. Bot.,' p. 360. _ 

In Wilson's herbarium there are numerous specimens of H. 
ylareosum, from Helk's Wood, Ingleton, but none of H. salebrosum, 
Hoffm. In the British herbarium at the British Museum there 
occur specimens of the true plant from Highbridgehall, Rox- 
burghshire, A. Brotherston, April 1st, 1875 ; and between Market 
Easen and Tealby, F. A. Lees, 1877. 

The distribution of this species in Britain, smce it is evident 
that Mr. Lees' plant and Dr. Spruce's are identical, will be as 
follows :— 

Near Forfar, Drummond, 1824 (on Dr. Spruce's authority). 

Near Kirkham Abbey, E. Spruce, Nov., 1846 ! 

Highbridgehall, Roxburghshire, A. Brotherston, April, 1875! 

Ledsham Park, West Riding, Yorkshire, 1876 ! 

Market Rasen, Lincolnshire, F. A. Lees, 1877! 

From the dates above given, it will be observed that altliougli 
found fruiting in Nov., it was found in Forfarshire fruiting in 
spring. The same difference in time of fruiting is noticeable in 

u * A Forfarshire specimen from Drummond of H. salebrosum in the , Ke w 
herbarium has a rough fruitstalk, from which it would appear that his ^amen 
Brew intermixed with H. rutabulum. 



86 ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF HYPNUM SALEBROSUM. 

Schimper's specimens, and in both" cases the later fructification - 
appears to be due to a higher elevation and colder atmosphere. 
Hoffmann, in his original description, also mentions spring as the 
time of fruiting. " H. salebrosum caule reptante, ramis confertis 
pinnato-depressis, foliis ovatis acutis 3-striatis ; striis oppositis 
insequalibus capsula e seta laevi cernua operculo conico. Locis 
saxosis. Vere."— (G. F. Hoffmann, 'Deutschland Mora,' ii., 74). 
Mr. Lees' specimen, from between Tealby, near Market Rasen, 
corresponds closely to the var. y . 1, tab. 16, in ' Bryol. Eur.' 

H. Mildeanum is probably a much more widely distributed 
plant in this country, and often overlooked as a form of rutabulum. 
In the British Museum there occur specimens in Wilson's her- 
barium, from Ainsdale Sands, Southport; Bidston Marsh; near 
Newton Viaduct; Birkdale ; Crosby; Cheshire, F. P. Marrat; 
St. Andrews, C. Howie; Glasnevin, Dublin, D. Orr ; LeWi 
Woods, Somersetshire, W. Wilson; Hayle and Falmouth, Corn- 
JJ^J Curnow; Cork, I. Carroll; and Hurstpierpoint, Mr. 
\V . Mitten ; all, without exception, labelled " H. salebrosum." Mr. 
Boswell records it from Oxfordshire ; Mr. Lees from Lincolnshire ; 
and I have seen it growing at Plymouth, in Devonshire; and 
Biddenden, in Kent. 

. .. r o — ~- v ■ ■ ■■Mm m ««uic» ui me ivvo pianis, inere 

is little to be added to the excellent descriptions given by Dr. 
bpruce and Mr. Lees from their own observation and that of M. 
tfenauld. I may add, however, that in examining under the micro- 
scope the specimens in the British Museum I found much greater 
difficulty m distinguishing between forms of H. ylareosum and H. 
salebwsumthan between the latter and H. .Mildeanum. Apart from 
the fructifica ion, H salebrosum differs chiefly from H. Mildeanum 
in the leaves i being distinctly serrate in- the former, the upper edge 

^1 ?6 lT i m ' e b f D ! s T ewhat convex - so M t0 g^ an almost 
denticulate character to the serration. In H. Mildeanum the leaves 

mlZ^I V n °n 0ne W i 10 has com P^ed the two under the 
hnoXT C °M d I? 11 f° nf0mid them ^in. As regards the 

CheSS^ Mamt ^ a Very Careful observer ' ™ tea °» the 

Cheshire specimen "inflorescence sometimes synoicous." It 

SoTco! °s T d0Ubtful h ° W far the fact of the -florescence being 
Tie, nthi Tr S \° r T° 1COllS Sh0uld form a s P eci Ac difference, 
unlolt^v , dlSt + mC + tlVe characters ^cur. In some species it is 
SttS^* ' f otl ^rs exceedingly variable. So far as 
RjiA 110 ? and «»»g ***>* go, H. salebrosum seems to 
which t L £ V , im A? rCeptlbly ^ H ' 0^-eosum, specimens of 

Dr Spruce L lft4r « ^i - St ° Ckt ° U F ° rGSt ' °° Uected b * 

imbricate tZ Af w ! eXaCtly mterme <^te, having the densely 

Sate ai ex nf fl ^f^T"' with the shortei '- ™™ distinctly 
M?LXnJlt\ lGaf *? f *-"**»**. The possibility of 
tins luce MrfoiTr 'T, *¥** *"*' boweve ^ account for 
dkfci T H m,X eS that he has found tlie *"o plants in one 
to vel on o^ZT^^ a ?/ egards *W of growth, appears 

owlrds luLZ n, m Wards *-.£****' an<1 <* the other 
towards lutescens or H. campestre. The latter, which anr^lv B hnnM 



SHORT NOTES. 87 

occur ill this country, is easily distinguished from H. rutabulum; if 
a branchlet be examined under the microscope, the leaves as viewed 
laterally are seen to be remarkably convex, the apex appearing 
almost piliferous ; but if a single leaf be examined, it becomes 
flattened out under pressure, the convexity is lost sight of, and the 
leaf seems to differ from that of II. rutabulum only by its longer 
point. In the field some regard should evidently be paid to 
habitat, H. salebrosum preferring decaying wood, rotten sticks in 
fir plantations, &c. ; H. glareosum, grassy banks and margins of 
woods, especially if the soil be slightly calcareous ; and H. 
Mildeanum, damp sandy places, near gutters by road-sides, or on 
commons. The following characters will probably serve as a rough 
guide to recognise these plants in the field : — In H. glanomm the 
densely imbricated leaves, giving the stem a more cylindrical 
character, the long points of the leaves and the prostrate pinnate 
branching ; in II. Mildeanum the erect, rigid-looking leaves, 
slightly compressed habit of the plant, usually semi-erect growth, 
and the leaves frequently more densely imbricated near the point, 
giving the tops of the branches an appearance slightly resembling 
that of H. cuspidatum or H. sarmentosum ; and in H. salebrosum the 
spreading leaves like those of H. rutabulum , and the smooth 
fruit stalk. 



SHOET NOTES. 



Is ASAKUM EUROPIUM, L. } A HAMPSHIRE PLANT ? Possibly 

Mr. Townsend may be helped to answer this question by the 
following note:— In May, 1874, the late Mr. J. Hussey (of 
Salisbury) took me to what he considered the only South England 
station for this plant— a lane in S. Wilts, a mile or more N.N.E. 
from Redlynch, and between two and three miles from the Hants 
border. He had before found it there in great quantity, and so far 
hack as 1840. This year it was only after a long close search that 
we discovered it, nearly overpowered by ivy, &c, but still extending 
some twenty or thirty yards along the east bank of the lane. He 
said there was some reason to suppose that the plant had been 
introduced by (if I remember aright) Dr. Maton. There surely 
ought not to be any great difficulty in ascertaining whether this 
S. Wilts station is the one referred to "in the ' New Forest Hand- 



[A specimen of Asanun 



Lyiiclhurst." — W. Moyle Rogeks. 

~ Wilts. 



not far from the Hampshire border, was presented by Miss F. H. 
King to the British Museum herbarium.— Ed. ' Journ. Bot.'] 



Bees's Cyclopedia.— In 'Journ. Bot.' for 1877 (pp. 107-8) 
I gave the approximate dates of the volumes of Bees's Cyclopedia, 
so far as I then knew. I have recently met with some additional 
information, contained in * Aikin's Annual Review,' a work which 
professed to review all important publications of each year. I 



88 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 



append the same in tabular form to match my former contribution, 









JM OHJ^^/X^UJ.^JULUCljJ. V • 


■ -■ 


VOLUME. 


PART. 


DATE . 


FIRST ARTICLE. 


LAST ARTICLE. 


[I., IL] 
II. 

III. 

IV. 


1 3 


1802 
1803 
1804 
1805 


A 

Antamba * ? 
Arkery 
Battery 


Antalkalines * ? 

Arteriolomy 

Battersea 

Booth 


X 






I 


5. D. Jackson. 



New Luminous Fungus.— The following description of a new 
luminous fungus from the Andaman Islands is given by the Kev. 
M. J. Berkeley in the 'Gardeners' Chronicle' for February 21 :— 
Arjaricus (Pleurotus) Emeriti, n.sp.— "Pileus at first spathulate, 
quite smooth, dark brown ; at length suborbicular, soon changing 
to white, with a slight tinge of yellow ; minutely virgate ; stems 
obsolete ; gills of the same colour as the pileus, narrow interstices 
smooth. Pileus about half an inch across, attached behind 
without any stem, either nearly flat or helmet shaped, emitting 
a most brilliant light, the entire substance being luminous. 1 The 
species was found by Major Emeric S. Berkeley, who is now 
located at Port Blair." 



Notices of Boofts awtr J*Umotv 



Bwloyia Centrah- Americana ; or, Contributions to the Knowledge of 

the taurn and Flora of Mexico and Central America. Edited 

S v ?x UCANE GoDMAN and Osbert Salvin.- 

W. L. Hemsley Parts i. and ii. (Sept.-Nov., 1869) 

Dulau&Co. - MdlaCm ^ PP- 184 > ". 13. London: 



[Ramtnculacecc 



Botany. By 



which X^ If T the fir ? Which have aPPeared of a work 
known oT it f ng aS C ,° mplete a record as P° ssi ble of what is 

invelLLn " Tl^ ^ ™? etMe life of ^ country under 
£!!• lgatl0n ' Tl \ e . cou ^try included comnrises ««,* whnk of 



country under 



Mexico .fmrn+h a ii wu "*7 incmaea comprises "the whole of 

he five ?S,t™i A JS ° f *o e Ei ° Grande a » d Gila on the north, 

Salvador S^"^Tn 8tates of G ™teinala, Honduras, San 

Co omWi Sta^P ? RiCa ' Bl ' itish Ho » dura s, and the 

The Editors hlvf £ anama as &* south as the Isthmus of Darien." 

PC sona v Ld W ^i C ° UeCt ? ng material for the ™ k > both 
yea s Sd ^h P f > ^ ex \ Ao ™™> during the last twenty-two 

natural^ in Ll ■ ^T* ^ ^-operation of well- qualified 



In 
Part 2. 



iU\£&: z:^\^ r £ ic l . *■ —• <■' 






NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS, 89 

Our interest is naturally for the most part limited to the 
botanical portion of the work. Mr. Hemsley is already known as 
a careful and painstaking botanist; and we therefore looked 
forward with pleasurable anticipations to his elaboration of the 
plants of an interesting region. The plan of the work is to follow 
the classification of Bentham and Hooker's ■ Genera Plantarum ' 
so far as practicable, the species being arranged under each genus 
in alphabetical order — an arrangement which may be convenient, 
but is hardly scientific. Under each species is given the distri- 
bution through the Central American region, the collectors' 
numbers being usually quoted, although it is not always to 
ascertain whether these have actually been seen by the author. 
Descriptions of the new species — most of which had already been 
published by Mr. Hemsley in his ! Diagnoses of Mexican Plants p 
are given, with amended characters of certain plants which had 
been previously imperfectly described ; while the quarto plates of 
the more interesting novelties by Mr. W. H. Fitch leave nothing 
to be desired. 

A few points seem to us to call for criticism. We have already 
referred to the alphabetical arrangement (which is not always 
strictly adhered to), and we may add that each species is distin- 
guished in its genus by a serial number. There seems little 
advantage in this ; but when we find that a (sometimes large) 
number of plants have received no specific name, we fail to see 
any gain in giving these a number. The large proportion of 
undetermined plants gives a sense of incompleteness to the book ; 
out of 42 enumerated Abutilons, for example, 12 are unnamed; 
so are 5 out of the 13 Hineas, 5 out of 12 Clusias, 4 out of 11 
Zanthoxylons, and 4 out of 5 Alsodeias. Mr. Hemsley is no 
doubt wise in declining to commit himself to a definite pronounce- 
ment upon insufficient material ; but why these doubtful plants 
should each occupy at least two lines, and receive a number, we 
cannot understand ; nor can we imagine why Mr. Hemsley did not 
carry further his investigations of the species. Under the genus 
Bursera he says, p. 177, "Bentham and Hooker unite Idea and 
Rlaphrium with Bursera; but as the species require revision, we 
have not ventured to give specific names under Bursera. Doubt- 
less many of the following numbers belong to the same species." 
Surely Mr. Hemsley was the proper person to look into this, and to 
reduce, if necessary, the redundant synonymy ; but instead of this, 
we have under Bursera 34 numbers ; nos. 1-13 being enumerated 
as Bursera proper (10 of these being unnamed), nos. 14-16 as 
"published under Idea" and the remainder as "published under 
Elaphrium," which statement is hardly true of no. 34, " Elaphrium 
'toru/osum' in lib. Kew," which does not seem to have been 
previously published as an Elaphrium, and should, we imagine, 
have been placed under Bursera. One of the unnamed Burseras 
(no. 12) is represented by four numbers from as many collectors ; 
and we should have thought that some determination might have 
been arrived at upon so much material. To add to the confusion, 
although all the species are numbered under Bursera, there is a 

N 



90 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

f 

separate alphabetical arrangement under Icica and Elaphrmm. 
In Cappari* a further variation in enumeration occurs, " 10. 0. 
frondosa, Jacq. ," being followed by "11. C.frondosa? " and " 13. C. 
loinrinskiana, Schl.," by " 14. C. karwiiiskiana, Schl., proxima 
sed sepala longiora." We do not see why these doubtful plants 
should receive a separate number ; and we may here take exception 
to Mr. Hemsley's uniform practice (following that of zoologists) 
in spelling such names as Karwinskiana with a small initial. 
Warpers' reference to'Linnsea,' under Pol ygala cahipes, is stated by 
Mr. Hemsley to be incorrect ; but this is not the case, the 
inaccuracy being in Mr. Hemsley's citation from Walpers ; and we 
miss P. tenella, Willd. (a Panama species), from the list. 

Another matter which seems to us unfortunate is the omission 
of the Central American plants contained in the British Museum. 
It seems to be supposed, by those unacquainted with the actual 
state of the case, that the British Museum herbarium is mainly a 
duplicate of that at Kew, and it is consequently more or less over- 
looked by some who are engaged on monographs or local floras. 
Mr. Hemsley may have had other reasons for neglecting to consult 
the British Museum collections, but it is none the less a matter of 
regret that he has not done so. That he could hardly have failed 
to estimate the importance of that herbarium is evidenced in his 
enumeration of the species of Clematis, the only genus for which 
it was referred to. Of the 16 named species which Mr. 
Hemsley enumerates, 2 have been seen by him only in this 
collection— one, C. americana, Mill., from Campeche (Houston and 
bhakespear) ; the other, C. flammulastrum, Griseb., from Yucatan 
(A. Schott). In this genus it may be noted we have a plant [C. 
(jrahawi, Benth.) retained and numbered as distinct, although Mr. 
Hemsley quotes from a note of the founder of the species, " a C. 
cm-ipensi non nisi foliis pubescentibus differt." Had the plants 
contained in the Kew herbarium been the only ones quoted, the 
neglect of the British Museum collections would have been less 
noticeab e, but Mr. Hemsley not unfrequently quotes Hb. Paris for 
plants which he might more readily have seen in London. 

Among the collections in the British Museum herbarium, which 
should have been included in Mr. Hemsley's enumeration, may be 



p ; V; "eruariuin oi liuiz and Pavon, a set of Cuming s 

lanama plants, and a series of Berlandier's Mexican plants, which 
2 e ! x f n / numbers not cited by Mr. Hemsley, and others 
Inch he had seen only m the Paris herbarium. The plants of 
tne liehqmae Hamkeame ' seem to be sparingly represented in 

Piil^ 

i\l Mtf ; ?i \ 'rT - tnnk ' haVe sllown M '« Hemsley its absolute 

n entity with U. sawatn, Bw., as was pointed out by Seemann in 



« R^f it n . —•«—", ►-->*., a* was pointed out >y beemanu ^ 
Bot Herald ' p. 81 : while U, SwartzU, DG., which is omitted 

J Ar^^ em t y 'T> 1S a 1 ls °^ n Hamke ' s collection, and is referred to 
as Mexican by Presl. (Beliq. Hamk. ii., 127) j Another omitted 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 91 



Hih 



called Kosteletslaja acuminata) ; of this little seems to be known, 
and the remark " patr. ign." appended to its description in DC. 
Prod., i. 447 would, if nothing further were ascertainable, have 
justified its omission from Mr. Hemsley's enumeration ; but there 
is a good specimen in the British Museum from Pavon, labelled 
" Hibiscus acuminatus de Mexico," which accords well with the 
description, and leaves no doubt as to locality^ A type specimen 
of Moricand's Hibiscus lavatcroides, which Mr.Hemsley queries as 
from Berlandier, is in the British Museum (Berlandier, 127). 
Some of Cavanilles' types, too, should have been referred to ; and 
a large number of Mexican plants with MS. names, from Buiz and 
Pavon, should have been determined. We have not tested the 
accuracy of the book, so far as its quotations are concerned, but we 
do not find in it Shla almfolia, Malachra fasciata, nor (as already 
mentioned) Urena Swartzii, all of which are given as Mexican by 
Presl ; while other Mexican plants enumerated by the author just 
mentioned are not given for Mexico by Mr. Hemsley. 

There is no necessity to pursue this investigation further ; the 
criticisms already made upon Mr. Hemsley's treatment of the 
Makacea; might be carried out with regard to other Orders, and wall, 
we think, be admitted to justify the position we have taken with 
regard to the neglect of the British Museum collections. We trust 
that in the future parts of the work this deficiency will be 
remedied, and that there will be as little delay as possible in 

ftrrninW.;™ Otie imnnrt.a.r,i. r>nnfvihiltimi to OU1* knowledge of the 



Wester 



J. B. 



Methodik der Species beschreibung und Ridms. Monograph* de) 

einfachbliittrigen und krautigen Brombeeren, dV. Von Dr. Otto 

Kuntze. Leipzig, A. Felix. 1879. 

It should be the object of everyone monographing a group 
of plants not only accurately to ascertain the structure, and, as far 
as possible, the delimitation of species, but also to examine the 
genetic bond uniting them more or less continuously into a series. 
For this to be done thoroughly it is necessary that the entire lite- 
history of each species should be studied, so that each may anord 
grounds of comparison with the rest. Unfortunately this great 
task has yet to be undertaken. Numberless memoirs of general 
interest have been given to the world, but none of them— at least 
none of those denoted to Angiosperms— record the study ot a 
series of species constituting an order or a genus from the sowing 
of the seed to its maturation. Occasionally indeed we are presented 
with phylogenetic schemes, but their scope is too wide to admit any 
cognisance of species. Therefore it is that the present work, 
wherein an endeavour is made to solve the riddle of the evolution 
of some of the brambles, is a matter of great satisfaction to ns, 
although the method pursued is one of inspection only, and as sucii 
is open to the charge of empiricism. 



92 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

■ 

The nomenclature adopted is as follows.: — The term Finif 



{form is very 



yfr 



This divides into Locoforms and Tyjriforms, which are marked 
variations of it, having few connecting forms, and these often 
discoverable away from them : of these Locoforms exhibit characters 
acquired by climate and subsoil, and Typiforms a local distribution 
owing chiefly to correlation with the animal kingdom. Besides 



»y« 



'forms, more differentiated 



Locoforms and Typijorms ; Avoforms, the still existing stem-forms of 
Ftamiforms and Frceforms ; those of Locoforms, Typiforms, or Versi- 

forms ; Hybridoforms, resulting from the crossing of Finifornis ; and 
a few others. 

The genetic scheme adopted is the following : 
I. Folia omnia simplicia . 

A. Formse normales : Archimonopkylli. 

B. Bamiformse Dactylophyllorum : N eomonophyllu 
II. Folia plurima simplicia : Monophylloides. 

III. Folia composita, floralia interdum simplicia. 

A. Fruticosus; stipuhe asquales semiadnatse. 

(+) Folia pinnata : Pterophylli. 
(+t) Folia palmata : Dactylophylli et Neopolyphylli. 

B. Fruticosus ; stipulse asquales latae axillares : Neaxy- 

loides. 

C. Herbaceus ; stipulse plerumque insequales partem 

perulatae : Axyloides. 

The group Archimonophylli is then taken in hand. R. moluccanus, 
L., is the Gregifc -■- -- jl * - - - - - — - - . 



form ; and R. Dalibarda, L., the Finiform. Then follows an elaborate 
enumeration of the first-named species, which is understood in 
a very wide sense, after which we come upon a table of gigantic 
dimensions containing the names of many species of the section, 
and showing their various structural agreements with the several 
varieties of the Gregiform, and this is supplemented by short notices 
and taxonomic criticisms on the individual species. The other 
sections are similarly treated. 

The author having had many opportunities of studying the 
genus m the field during his travels in Asia, stands in a much more 
commanding position for the enunciation of his views than would 
De the case had they been arrived at by work upon dried material 
alone. In spite of this advantage it is impossible not to see that 
he has attacked the problem from one side only. We think that it 
by no means results that when the life-history of the genus is 
worked out the conclusions here adopted will be adhered to in the 
fuller evidence of facts. The author's fundamental mistake seems 
to lie m the selection of an unwieldy group consisting mainly 
of members not in cultivation. Should he try his hand in a more 
complete way on a smaller one, we venture to think that he will find 
a more suitable field for the successful employment of his energies. 

S. M. 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 98 

A becent Bulletin (No- 18) of the United States National 
Museum contains a Flora of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, by 
Baron H. F. A. Eggers. Of these islands, which lie to the east of 
Porto Eico, the principal are Vieques and Culebra, belonging to 
Spain; St. Thomas and St. Jan, belonging to Denmark; andTortola, 
Virgin Gorda, and Anegada, belonging to England. The list 
(which comprises 1013 species of phanerogams and vascular 
cryptogams, 881 being indigenous and 132 naturalised) is preceded 
by an interesting sketch of the more noteworthy points presented 
by the flora, the general character of which, both in St. Croix and 
the Virgin Islands, is distinctly West Indian. No less than 
one-third of the whole surface of the islands is covered by a 
dry shrubby vegetation of a greyish or yellowish aspect, which 
is styled by Baron Eggers the " Croton vegetation," from the 
predominating genus comprising its elements. Four new species 
are described — Rhus antiUana, Gidlandma melon osperma, Angaria 
glonierata, Epidendrum subaquale. 

The last number of the Journal of the Eoyal Horticultural 

Society (vol. v., No. 9, December, 1879) contains an interesting 

paper, by Mr. H. J. Elwes, entitled "Notes on the genus Tulipa," 

which the author intends as supplementary to Mr. Baker's 

" Revision " of the genus (Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv., 275-296). Mr. 

Elwes has cultivated a very large number of Tulips, and his 

remarks upon them mainly support Mr. Baker's estimate of the 

proportion to which specific rank should be accorded ; but he is 

disinclined to allow this to a few admitted as species by Mr. 

Baker, some of which are only known in gardens, and of doubtful 
origin. 

Br. F. Buchenau has published a review of the Juncacece 
(Bremen, 1880), under the title " Kritisches Verzeichniss aller bis 
jetztbeschriebenen Juncaceen nebst diagnosen neuer Arten." It 
commences with a complete list of all the described forms of Junciis, 
Luzula, &c, which are reduced to the species retained by the 
author in the classified enumeration at the end of the pamphlet. 
Br. Buchenau describes two new species of Juncus — J. similis, 
Buch. (Swan River, Drummond, No. 937), and J. Eadula, Buch. 
(Murray River, Victoria, Wawra, No. 493); and one of Luzida 
L > effusa, Buch. (Sikkim, Hooker and Thomson, No. 3). There 
are also elaborate notes on many of the species. 



Dr. G. W 

llis ■ Arf. nt 1 



great 



issues of the work, and contains a good deal of information which 
will be interesting and useful to the economic botanist. There 
is still room for improvement, however, and Dr. Piesse would do 



or 

a 



Well to have his proofs read by a competent botanist before issuin w 
another edition. We find, on p. 114, " the Sweet Verbena {Verbena 
tr l/phi/U (( ); the Lipia citriodora, and Aloysia citriodora" : these are 



Uin 



volume 



us. 



94 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

The last part of Bentley and Trimen's ' Medicinal Plants ' has 
been issued. It contains title-pages, index, and preface, besides 
the concluding portion of the text. 

Mr. T. Christy has issued a third part of his 'New Commercial 
Plants/ which contains some interesting matter concerning forage 
plants and other economical products. 

Other New Books. — Emile Favart, ' Flowers and Plants 
from Nature/ 60 plates, in 2 vols. (155. each). Nottingham; 
K. C. Mounteney. — E. de Puydt, ' Les Orchidees, Histoire 
Iconographique avec revue descriptive des especes cultivees ' 
(illustrated). Paris; Rothschild (30 /r.)— G. Henslow, * Botany 
for Children/ London; Stanford (45.). — G. Bentley and J. D. 
Hooker, ■ Genera Plant arum, 1 vol. iii., pt. i. (Nyctaginca — Cycadacea) 
London ; Williams & Norgate. — ' Biologia Centrali-Arnericana : 
Botany,' pt. iii. [Olacinea — Leguminosa). London; Dulau & Co. 



Articles in Journals. — January. 

Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. (vol. xviii. part 2). — L. Errera, 'Fertili- 
sation of Geranium phemm* — Id., ' Plants of Blankenberg.' — Id., 
' On Dionaa: — C. J. Lecoyer, < Plants of Wavre.' — M. Michel & 
N. Kemacle, ' Additions to the Flora of Fraipont and Nessonvaux ' 
(Liege). — Th. Durand, ■ Senecio Sadlcri in Belgium.' — H. Vanden 
Broeck, 'Plants of Antwerp.' — F.Crepin, ' On a monstrous Ophrys ' 
(0. arachnites, Beich.) 

American Naturalist. — F. Brendel, ' Sketch of N. American 
Botany' (concluded). 

Hedwigia. — G. "Winter, ' Mycological Notices/ 

Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift. — Memoir of Schulze v. Miiggenberg 
(with portrait). — M. Willkomm, ' Spanish-Portuguese plants.' 
H. Zukal, ' On Oscillaria. 9 — A. Hansgirg, ■ Plants of Bohemia.' 
Vincent y. Borbas, ■ On the Flora of Iraz.' — C. J. v. Klinggraff, 
! Vegetation of Palestine.' 

Magyar Nov. Lapok. — Memoir of Tommasini — G. Entz, ' Al- 
gological notes.' — T. Kunszt, ■ On the types of Dioszegi's Hun- 
garian herbarium.' 

Ann. Sc. Nat. (ser. vi., vol.ix., 1). — J.Vesque, ■ On the influence 
of saline matters on the absorption of water by roots.' — Ch. S. 
Sargent, ' The forests of Central Nevada.' — P. P. Deherain & 
L. Maquenne, ' On the decomposition of carbonic acid by leaves 
illuminated with artificial light.' 

Scottish Naturalist. — A. S. Wilson, i The Clubroot Fungus | 
(Plasmodiophora Brassier). — J. Stirton, 'New and rare Lichens ' 
(many new species). — J. Cameron, ■ The Gaelic names of plants' 
(contd.) 

Botaiiische Zeituiu/. — A. Kanitz, ' Ed. Fenzl.' — P. Ascherson, 
' Phytographical observations.' — J. Boehm, ' On the forces pro- 
ducing pressure in stems.'— J.W.Moll, 'On the emission of drops 



PKOCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 95 

and injection in leaves.' — M. Woronin, 'Additional notes on Plas- 
modiophora Brassica.' — F. Hegelniaier, ' On the enibryogeny and 
development of the endosperm in Lupinus ' (tt. 2). — K. Sadebeck, 
• Critical aphorisms on the life-history of Cryptogams.' 

Flora,— A. Zimmermann, ' On transfusion-tissue' (t. 1). — W. 
Nylander, ' Addenda nova ad Lichenogiaphiam Europfeam.' 

_ Naturalist.— J. Fergusson, ' New British Mosses ' (Coscinodon 
cribrosus, Hedw. ; Bryum rufum, n. sp. or var.) 



Proottrtup of Sotittm. 

Linnean Society of London. 

January 15, 1880.— Prof. Allman, F.B.S., President, in the 

chair.— Messrs. J. Poland (of Blackheath), J. Darell Stephens (of 

Plymouth), and Prof. Allan Thomson were elected Fellows, and T. 

J. Parker an Associate of the Society. — Mr. J. G. Baker called 

attention to an instance of a monstrous form of Carduns crispus 

sent by the Eev. T. A. Preston from Wiltshire, in which the 

capitula were abnormally numerous and aggregated in secondary 

heads, as in Echinops. — Mr. J. G. Baker read a paper entitled 

M Synopsis of the Aloinea and Yuccoidea" To these two tribes 

belong all the shrubby and arborescent types of the capsular 

Liliacem, The Aloes are marked by their gamophyllous perianth 

and fleshy leaves, and belong entirely to the Old World, 170 out of 

the total number of 200 species now known being concentrated at 

the Cape of Good Hope, and the remainder mostly scattered through 

the highlands of Tropical Africa. There are four genera, Aloe, 

(jasteria, Haworthia, and Apicra, and they vary in habit from 

plants half a foot high when in flower with sessile rosettes of a few 

fleshy leaves to copiously-branched trees fifty or sixty feet in 

height. Nearly all the known Cape species are in cultivation in 

English gardens at the present time. The best known officinal 

species, Aloe succotnna, which has been attributed to the island of 

Socotra, has been found lately in a wild state at the Cape of Good 

Hope. To the Yuccoidea, in addition to the type-genus, belong 

Hesperaloe, Dasylirion, Beaucarnea, and Herreria. There are about 

fifty species known, all but the last being concentrated in Mexico 

and the Southern United States. The Yuccas fruit but rarely 



under cultivation, the large w T hite pendulous flowers being fertilised 
m the wild plant by a moth of the genus Pronuba. Some of them, 
as, for instance, Y. baccata and brer i folia, reach the dimensions of 
large trees. F. baccata has a fleshy edible fruit resembling that of 
the Banana in shape and size. Dasylirion and Beaucarnea resemble 
1 ucca in habit, but have very abundant small polygamo-dioicous 
flowers, and the latter recedes from the Liliaceous type by its one- 
celled, one- seeded indehiscent capsule. Herreria, which belongs to 
lemperate South America, is a shrubby climber with the habit of 
bmilax and Dioscorea. 






96 



Botanical Nttos- 



We 



MUNRO , 



C.B., which occurred at his residence, Montys Court, near Taunton, 
on the 29th of January, at the age of about sixty-four. General 
Muuro had seen active service in India and in the Crimea ; his last 
military appointment was that of General Commanding-in-Chief 
in the West Indies in 1870. As a botanist General Munro was 
most distinguished by his knowledge of the Graminea, to which 
Order he had for many years past devoted his leisure time, and 
upon which he was justly regarded as the leading authority. At 

il •• '_ *• 1 •_ Til 1_ _ ^3 __„ ^ ^ _. 1 ~A« ^„ rt ~™«^"U 



■o^o 



the _. „ 

of the whole Order, which was intended to form one of the series ot 
monographs now being issued by the MM. DeCandolle in continua- 
tion of the ' Prodromus.' It is to be regretted that this remains 
incomplete, so that much of the great knowledge acquired by 
General Munro has passed away with him. His most important 
memoir was that on the Bambusece, which included descriptions of 
all the species, and was published in the \ Transactions' of the 
Linnean Society in 1870. His extensive knowledge of grasses was 
at the disposal of all who consulted him. Mr. Bentham (' Fl. 
Australiensis,' vii., 450) speaks in very warm terms of the assistance 
he received from General Munro in elaborating the Gr amine® of 
Australia ; he determined the grasses of Hong-Kong for Seemann's 
' Botany of the Herald,' and his assistance in critical matters has 
been gratefully acknowledged in the pages of this Journal. His last 
work was the determination of the grasses brought from Afghanistan 
by Dr. Aitchison, which he completed only a week or two before his 
death. General Monro's attention, although principally directed to 
the Graminea, was not confined to them : in the ' Garden ' for 
December last he published a descriptive review, signed with his 
initials, of Himalayan Primroses. Sir J. D. Hooker, in a letter to 
the ■ Times/ says :— "He was a first-rate practical gardener, and 
established soldiers' gardens wherever he was stationed for any 
length of time, in India, Canada, the West Indies, &c, and botanical 
ones, I believe, at Agra and elsewhere." General Munro leaves 
a place among systematic botanists which bids fair to remain long 

vacant. He has bequeathed his collections and MSS. to the Kew 
Herbarium. 

Charles Henry Godet, of Neufchatel, died on the 16th of 
December last, in the eighty-third year of his age. He was the 
author of the < Flore du Jura' (1853), and of two or three papers 
connected with local botany. 

The death is also announced of Ferdinand Lindheimer, the 
collector of the ■ Plantae Lindheimeriana?,' at New Braunfels, Mexico, 
at the age of about seventy-eight. 

quired 



The 



by the Botanical Department of the British Museum. His MS. 
material for the Flora of Oxfordshire is now in the possession of 



Mr. G. C. Druce, of Oxford. 






07 



Anginal MvtitU*. 



A EEVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACEM. 

By Henry and James Groves. 

(Tabs. 207-210.) 

The Characecc, from their isolated and uncertain position in the 

plant-world, have been much neglected, more especially in this 

country. None of our cryptogamists have given them special 

study, and Prof. Babington's paper and the subsequent editions of 

his ' Manual' contain the only satisfactory account of the British 

forms. It has been suggested to us that a short paper on the 

subject might be useful, especially as there appears to be much 

misunderstanding among collectors with regard to some of the 
species. 

The late Alexander Braun's many papers on the Charaeem 
furnish most of the trustworthy information on the subject. His 
knowledge of the plants was unequalled, but it is to be regretted 
that much of the value of his work is lost by his disregard for the 
first principles of botanical nomenclature. Next in importance is 
Walhnann's work, the only at all complete account of the 
order which has appeared. The papers by Nordstedt and 
\\ ahlstedt on the group are very valuable. Kiitzing's ' Tabulae 
" hycologise ' may be mentioned as the only work in which there 
are plates of any number of the species. Among the earlier 
authors who have added much to the knowledge of the group are 
Vaillant, Wallroth, Bruzelius, and Agardh. Two most useful sets 
of fasciculi have been issued; Braun, Kabenhorst, and Stizen- 
berger's 'Die Cliaraceen Europas,' and Nordstedt and Wahlstedt's 
CharaceaB Scandinaviae ' ; and the Charas have been included in 
the fasciculi of Areschoug, Babenhorst, Eeichenbach, Fries, Billot, 
JJesmazieres, Mougeot and Nestler, &c. 

1 ■ i7 6 P r * llc *P a l characters given in the earlier British works in 
which the family is treated, being the colour (resulting usually 
irom greater or less incrustation) and the size, it is often impossible 
satisfactorily to identify their descriptions with any particular 
species. In the second edition of Gerard's < Herball,' edited by 
j oiinson (1633), is the first mention we can trace of any Charas 
wl ■ l f . books. Two species are given : Hippuris coralloides, 
ncii is described as new, and Equiaetvmfcetidum sub aqua repent, 
< Tl 7 k°th of these are probably C. vuh/aris. In Parkinson's 
tmi n 1 Botanicum ' (1040) a figure of C. vulgaris is given 
An r , a £ d?s sec °nd name. Bay, in ' Catalogus Plantarum 
tli £^1 (^®)> mentions the same two species as in Gerard, but 
ue nr S t under Gesner's name Equisettm *, 

a)mi *reiiom. P1nlr*W t« \x\a < PWn, 



11 



N -s- von. 9. [April 



o 



Q8 • A HEVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHAEACEifi. 

figures C. vulgaris (tab. 29) under Gesner's name, and C. polyacantha 
(tab. 193), which lie describes from a plant sent from Ireland by 
Sherard, as Hippuris muscosis sab aqua repens ; of the latter there 
is a specimen in his herbarium in the British Museum. In the 
second edition of Eay's 'Synopsis' (1696) four species are given, 

the addition being 0. minus sab aqua repens ad genicula polyspermon, 

which is described from Jersey, collected by Sherard, and is 
probably Xitella opaca. Morison, in 'Plant. Hist. Universalis 
Oxon,' vol. hi. (1699), figures a plant which he describes as 
E. fragile majus subcinerea aquis immersum: this is probably a large 
slightly-hispid form of C. vulgaris. In the third (Dillenian) edition 



of Ray (1724), Vaillant's generic name of Chara is introduced, and 

n *..^.i„.«,. »•,,„•,.,,„. a~*m* t \T ™n*n ?\ ic o/lrlorl Tn Hudson's 



fi 



'Flora Anglica' (1762) the four Linnean names are given: 
1, C. tomentosa (for large forms of C. vulgaris)] 2, C. vulgaris (for 
C. fragilis and the smaller forms of C. vulgaris) ; 8, C. hispida ; and 
4, O. fiexilis (for X. fiexilis and X. opaca). In Smith's 'Flora 
Britannic* ' (1800) the same four are given, but Hudson's 

C. tomentosa is reduced to a variety of C. hispida. Withering, m 
his * Botanical Arrangement/ (1776), gives in, addition to these, 
C. repens as the name for Sherard's Jersey plant. In 'English 
Botany, 1 C. nidifica (Tolypella fiomerata) (1807), C. translucens 
(1808), and C. gracilis (1810) are added. S. F. Gray, in ' Natural 
Arrangement of Brit. Plants * (1821), describes C. stellata (apparently 
.V. tenuissima), and adds " C. crinita" (C. polyacantha). Grevillc, 
in ' Scottish Cryptogamic Flora,* vol. vi. (1828), adds C. aspera. 
In 1830, Wilson, in ' Hooker's Bot. Miscellany,' describes under 
the name of C. gracilis a dioecious plant (iV. capitata?). Ie 
Hooker's 'Brit. Flora,' vol. ii., part 1 (1833), eight species, 

translucens, fiexilis, nidifica, gracilis, vulgaris, Hedwigii, aspera, and 

hispida are given, C. Hedwigii being an addition. The Bev. M. J» 
Berkeley, in 'E. B. Suppl.,' vol. ii. (1834), figures G. Hedmgih 
and in a note thereto gives a description of " O. nidified" from 
Henfield (T. prolifera). In 1841, in the second (Johnson's) edition 
of ' English Botany,' the two genera, Chara and Xitella, are given. 
Hooker, in ' Lond. Journ. of Bot.' (1842), records C. latifolia 
(C. tomentosa) as British, and in ' Icones Plantarum,' vol. vi., gives 
a figure of it. Berkeley, in 'E. B. Suppl.,' vol. hi. (1843), figures 
C. pulchella (C. fragilis). In 1850 commenced a new era in the 
knowledge of our Char as, when Prof. Babington, in his monograph 
in the 'Annals and Magazine of Nat. Hist.,' completely rearranged 
the species. C. syncarpa (Thuill.) was then first definitely 
separated from C.fiej'ilis; C. mucronata and C. crinita, Wallr. 
('.'. canescens), were added; the number of the Tolypella Wftfl 
increased from one to four: C. prolifera (T. glonierata), O. 
polysptrma (T. intricata), C. Borreri) T. prolifera), and C. Smthh 
(T. glomerata) the two latter being described as new; and i 

Hedwigii were united as C. frag His, Desv. I n 
Allies' (1855Hhere is nothing new, but plates 

In 1862, 

lopecitroide* 



IT 

pulchella and 



are given of eleven species, some of which are not good. 
Babington, in ' Seemann's Journ. of Bot.,' describes C. a 



A BE VIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACEjE. 99 



as British. _ Mr. Baker, in the 'Botanical Exchange Club Beport ' 
for 1867, gives a revision of the TohjpelltB, reducing the certainly 
British species to two, giving C. Borreri as the var. robustior of 
G. mtncata and mentioning C. nidijica as possibly British. In the 
' Joum of Bot,' 1877, Dr. Trimen adds C.fragifera to the list. 

We have followed Braun's latest opinions in dividing the order 
into four genera, as the characters based on the position of the 
reproductive organs, together with the difference of habit, appear 
to warrant their separation. With regard to the varieties given it 
must not be inferred that they are intended as subspecies, or, 
indeed, all as of equal value, as in some instances, with the very 
variable species, it has been thought desirable to notice as vara, 
the more extreme forms, although they are often connected by 
intermediates. The terms "bract-cells," "stipulodes," and 
" spine-cells " have been employed with some reluctance, as these 
very simple structures composed of a single cell are so like in 
character and correlated in their variation that it seems 
questionable whether some common term might not with 
advantage be applied to all of them, with a slight modification to 
denote the position. Another difficulty arises with regard to the 
coating of the nucule which is composed of five cylindrical cells 
from the upper portion of which the coronula is formed by a 
transverse division. These cells, when the nucule is quite young, 
are almost straight, but as the nucleus increases they envelope it 
in a spiral coil. We had thought of showing the variation of this 
covering in different species by stating the number of spirals taken 
oy each cell when the nucule is mature, but, for the sake of 
convenience, the practice has been followed of giving the number 
oi lines crossing the nucule, visible from one side. 

Only those counties have been cited from which we have seen 
^cimens, as so many of the printed localities, of which specimens 
oi tne plants referred to exist, have proved to be misnomers. The 
months given are those in which the nucule is matured. 

A large number of the specimens, especially of the Nitellas, in 
our national herbaria have been badly selected and carelessly dried, 
and in many cases are without fruit. It indeed appears to be a 
common idea that it is almost impossible to preserve good 
ner barium specimens ; but no plants better repay a little care, and 
iNordstedt and Wahlstedt's magnificent fasciculi of the Scandinavian 
species show what may be done by thoroughly careful treatment. 
Uur best thanks are due to Prof. Babington, who, with his 

l& 7 1 Stl ° readiness to liel P a11 in tlie stud y of our Flora, has 
orded us much assistance by specimens and otherwise; to 

c^ u er ' Dr ' Tl 'nnen, and Mr. Britten, for their kind assistance in 
to M r?2 g s P ecimeils and books at the British Museum and at Kew; 
to M U ' to ^ ordste dt, of Lund, for the determination of specimens ; 
Clio/' i ^ ore > for kindly lending us his valuable collection of 
speci obfc aining for us the loan of the late Dr. Moore's 

Irisl! meilS '■ to * >ro ^ -Dy er > f° r an opportunity of examining his 

• in tZ 8 ,? ecimen s ; and to Mr. Curnow, of Penzance, for a very 

Cresting series of the Cornish plants. ' 



100 A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACEiE . 



Key to the British Species. 

Coronula of 5 cells, persistent. With 1-2 circles of 
stipulodes at the hase of the whorl. Chares. 
Globule taking the place of the centre bract-cell. Stem 
and branchlets with cortical cells (Chara). 
Stem with three times as many rows of cortical cells 
as branchlets in the whorls. (Triplostichce.) 
Monoecious. Without spine-cells 1. C.fragilis. 

Dioecious. 

Stem destitute of spine-cells. 

Flexible. Branchlets of the male plant slightly 

incurved. With composite bulbils. . . 2. C. frag if era. 

Brittle. Branchlets of the male plant strongly 

connivent 3. C. connivens. 

Stem spinous 4. C. aspera. 

Stem with twice as many rows of cortical cells as 
branchlets in the whorls (Diplosticha). 
Dioecious. Bract-cells ovate. . . . . 5. C. tomentosa. 

Monoecious. Bract-cells slender. 

Primary cortical cells much larger than the 

secondary 6. C. polyacantha. 

Primary cortical cells smaller than the 
secondary. 
Stem with many spreading spines. Bracts 

whorled 7. C. hispida* 

Stem with few small appressed spines. Bracts 

on the inner side of the branchlets. . 8. C. vulgaris. 
Stem with as many rows of cortical cells as branchlets 

in the whorls (Haplosticha) 9. C. canescens. 

Globule by the side of the nucule, within the whorl of 
bracts. Stem and branchlets without cortical tubes 
(Lychnothamnus). 10. L. alopecuroides 

Coronula of 10 cells, in 2 circles, deciduous. Stem without 
cortical tubes or spines (Nitellce). 
Globule lateral between the nucules. Rays of the 
branchlets unequal (Tolypella). 
Sterile branchlets simple. 
Sterile branchlets obtuse. Ultimate segments of 

fertile branchlets of 2-5 cells 11. T. glomerata. 

Sterile branchlets acute. Ultimate segments of 

fertile branchlets rarely of more than 3 cells. . 12. T.prolifera. 

Sterile branchlets with lateral rays 13. T. intricata. 

Globules in the forking of the branchlets. Rays equal 
(Nitella). 

Ultimate segments of the branchlets of 2-3 cells. 
Sterile branchlets more than once divided. 

Very slender. Sterile branchlets 3 times divided. 
Dark green. Whorls dense. Internodes 2-5 

times as long as the branchlets. . . 14. N. temdssima. 
Light green. Whorls lax. Internodes scarcely 

exceeding the branchlets. , . .15. N. gracilis. 

Robust. Sterile branchlets twice divided. . . 10. N. mucvonata. 
Sterile branchlets (appearing simple) only once 
divided into 2-4 minute segments. Stem and 
branchlets very stout. ... 17. jV. translucens. 

Ultimate segments of the branchlets of one cell." 

Monoecious. Fertile whorls usually lax. . . 18. N.flexilis. 
Dioecious. Fertile whorls usually dense, , . 19. N. opaca. 



ab.201 



a 




CJ l r»a.gili8,i}esv ? aX.ft»a^ifera t I 5. C.conn.iveas f A.Br. 



Or n^y M *k£.. J3 Uur U, d 



4- C.^epex-a,W <£. 5 C. tome Titos 



, Tfos 



tjfi*******" 



A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACE.E. 101 



Division L— CHAKJE. 

* 

Whorls of branchlets with 1-2 circles of small usually elongated 
cells at their base (stipulodes). Internodes composed of a simple 
tube only, or with a cortex of elongated cells growing upwards and 
downwards from the base of the branclilets in longitudinal rows, 
each branchlet producing either one, two, or three rows. Cortical 
cells often bearing small papillate, or aciculate cells (spine-cells), 
which are either appressed or spreading. Branclilets of many 
decreasing segments, the last being a small conical cell ; the lower 
segments usually having cortical cells, and bearing at their joints 
whorls or partial whorls of elongated cells (bract-cells), and on 
their inner side, at the nodes, nucules and globules, which are 
usually solitary. I ' oronula of 5 equal cells, persistent. 

1.— CHARA. 

Stem and branclilets ecorticate or corticate. Eing of 

stipulodes in one or two circles. Globule situated below the 

nucule taking the place of the centre bract-cell. Coronula 
prominent. Monoecious or dioecious. 

? 1. Triplostich.e — Stem with 3 rows of cortical cells to each branchlet. 

i. C. fragilis, Desv. in Loisel. Not. (1810), p. 137; Coss & 
Germ. Atl. Fl. Par. (1845), t. 38, f. c. ; Gant. Oesterr. Char. (1817), 
p. 20; Bab. A. N. H., 1850, p. 91 ; Wallm. Act. Stockh., 1854, 
p. 329 ; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. (1857), vii., t. 54 ; Braun, Consp. Char. 
Europ. (1867), p. 7; Fl. Danica (1869), nos. 2796-8; Braun, 
R. & S. Exs. 13, 15, 112, 115 ; Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs. 116-7, 
120. 

O. qlobularis, Thuill. Flor. Par. (1799), p. 472. 

C. pulchella, Wallr. Ann. Bot. (1815), p. 184, t. 2; Berkeley 
E. B. S, 2824. 

C pilifera, Ag. Syst. Alg. (1824), Introduction, p. 28. 

C. hirta, Meyen. Linnaea, 1827, h\, p. 78? 

G. virgata, Kiitz. Flora, 1834, i., p. 705. Tab. Phyc, vii., 
t. 56, f. 2. 

C. diffusa, Wallm. in Liljeblad Svensk Flora, ed. hi. 

Stem slender, but little branched, sometimes with granular 
calcareous bulbils at the lower rooting nodes, very regularly and 
evenly corticate, without spine-cells, whorls of 6-9 branclilets. 
Lower circle of stipulodes very short. Branchlets of 7-9 joints, 
tiic upper 1-2 ecorticate. Bract-cells on the inner side of the 
branchlets, usually 4, about equalling the nucule in length. 
Nucule ovoid, 12-14-striate coronula long, somewhat conical; 
nucleus black, sometimes covered with a calcareous deposit. 
Globule smaller than the nucule. Monoecious. (Tab. 207, fig. 1.) 

b. barbata, Gant. Oesterr. Char. (1847), p. 20, t. 2, f. 15. 
■—C.fraailis, var. hmqibracteata, Rabenhorst, Deutschl. Krypt. Flor., 
d. (1847), p. 200.— C. triciwdrs, Kiitz. Flora, 1834, i., p. 705 ; 
Tab. Phyc. vii. (1857), t. 56, f. 1.— Bract-cells 2-3 times as long as 



102 



CHARACE-E 



the nucule. Upper ring of stipulodes very long, equalling or 
exceeding the lowest joint of the branchlets. 

c. capillacea.—C. capillacea, Thuill. El. Par. (1799), p. 474 ; 
Wallm., Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 330; Kiitz., Tab. Phyc, vii. 
(1857), t. 55, f. 2.— C. viridis and folio I at a, Hartm. (fide Wallm.) 
— C. setacea, Chevallier, Flor. Lutet., ed. ii., v. ii., p. 15*7?; 
Nordst. & Wahlst., Exs. 119. — Stem more slender and flexible 
than in the type. Branchlets long and very slender. Stipulodes 
and bract -cells long. Kesembling a large form of C.frayifera. 

d. HediuigiL—C. Hedmqii, Ag. in Bruz. Obs. (1824), pp. 7 & 21 ; 
Hook. Brit.FL, ii. (1833), p. 246; Berkeley in E. B. S„ 2762; 
Kiitz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 55, f. 1; Fl. Danica, t. 2796, f. 2; 
Braun, B. & S., Exs. 14, 121; Nordst. & Wahlst., Exs. 115. 
Much larger, with spreading branchlets 1-2 inches long. Bract- 
cells short. Darker green. 

e. fulcrata. — C. fulcrata, Gant. Oesterr. Char. (1847), p. 20, 
f. 16. — Bract-cells very short, about half as long as the nucule. 
Stipulodes rudimentary. Resembling the fertile plant of C. 
connivms. 

f. delicatula, Braun, R. & S. Exs. 75 & 100 (not C. delicatida, 
Desv.) — C. verrucosa, Itzigsolm, Bot. Zeitung, 1850, p. 338. — ■ 
C. annulata, Wallm. Act. Stockh. (1854), p. 328?; Nordst. & 
Waldst., Exs. 118. — Much smaller than the type, 2-4 inches high. 
Branchlets short, stout, incurved. Often producing bulbils. A lake 
form. (Tab. 207, fig. la.) 

In the typical form, a small neat bright green plant, with 
slightly incurved branchlets £-1 in. long. Usually little incrusted, 
but extremely brittle. It was not clearly distinguished from 
C. vulgaris until the time of Wallroth, Desvaux's descriptions being 
short and incomplete. C. fragilis has a very wide distribution 
occurring in all parts of Europe, also in Asia, Africa, America 
and Australia, and is one of our commonest species. 

Lakes, ponds, pools, canals, streams, and ditches. July and 
August.— Cornwall, W. ; Devon, S. (and vars. c and d); Wight; 
Hants, S. (and var. c); Sussex, W. (vars. d, e) ; Sussex, E. ; 
Kent, E. (var. d); Kent, W. (and var. b); Surrey (and var. d); 
Essex, S. ; Essex, N. (and var. d) ; Herts; Middlesex; Oxon; 
Warwick; Stafford ; Salop (and var. f); Pembroke; Anglesea; 
Lincoln, N. ; Cheshire; Lancashire, S. ; Yorks., S.W. and M.W. ; 



> 



Yorks., N.E. (var. d) ; Durham? "Teesdale" ; Westmoreland; 



Cumberland; Roxburgh (and var. f) ; Aberdeen, S. (and var. b) ; 
Shetland (var. f j ; Kerry, N. ; Cork, N.; Wicklow (and var. b); 
Dublin; W. Meath (and var. b) ; Galway, W.; Cavan ; Antrim 
(and var. f). 

n. C. fragifera, Durieu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France (1859), vi., 
p. 185 ; Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. (18G7), p. 7 ; Monatsb. Akad. 
Berl., 1867, p. 863; Trimen, J. of B., 1877, p. 853, t. 192; 
Braun, R. & S. Exs., 73; Billot, 3273. 



A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACE^. 103 

Stem usually very slender and flexible, having large compound 
bulbils at the lower nodes, much branched. Cortical cells regular, 
without spine-cells. Whorls of 6-9 branchlets. Stipulodes very 
small. Branchlets slender, usually flexuous, sometimes slightly 
incurved, of 9-18 joints, the upper 1-8 shorter, ecorticate. Bract- 
cells in the female plant 3-5, about half as long as the nucule ; in 
the male 2, very short. Nucules usually 2-3 on a branchlet oval, 
11-13-striate, coronula short obtuse. Dioecious. (Tab. 207, fig. 2.) 

Characteristically a very slender and flexible plant, from 6-12 
in. high, bright green and unincrusted, but in an extreme form 
from near Helston (which, however, is connected, by intermediate 
forms, with the type) it is small and rigid, with short slightly 
connivent branchlets. It resembles a very slender state of 
C. frayilis, but besides its dioecious character it may be distinguished 
from that species by being less brittle and by the branchlets having 
a greater number of joints. C. fragifera is confined to West 
Europe and North Africa. First found in England by Mr. Kalfs 
in the neighbourhood of Penzance. 

Pools. July and August. Cornwall, W., and Scilly Isles. 

Hi. C. connivens, Braun, Flora, 1835, i., p. 73 ; Consp. Char. 
Europ., p. 7; Monatsb. Akad. Berl., 1867, p. 855; Wallm. Act. 
Stockh., 1854, p. 327; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 63, f. 1; 
Chaboisseau, Bull Soc. Bot. France, 1871, p. 149; Journ. Bot., 
1878, p. 120 ; Kralik PI. Tuinetame, 344 and 344 bis. 

Stem rather slender, brittle, very regularly corticate, destitute 
of spine-cells. Whorls of usually 8 strongly incurred branchlets, 
which in the male plant are often so connivent that the extremities 
meet or even cross one another. Stipulodes almost obsolete. 
Branchlets of 7-10 joints, the upper 1-2 ecorticate. Bract-cells in 
the female plant 3, much shorter than the nucule, in the male 2, 
very minute, rarely developed at the barren nodes. Nucules 
small, oval, 12-14-striate, coronula long, conical. Dioecious. 
(Tab. 207, fig. 3.) 

About 1 ft. high, of a light clear green, usually but little 



incrusted. 
flexible habit 



/' 



Western 



The Abbe Chaboisseau stated that he was unable to find bulbils on 

£ conniven*. It has been found in 
Africa. 

In fresh-water ditches at Stokes Bay, Gosport, Rev. W. S. 
Bayton, 1828, Herb. Borrer. Pool, Slapton, Sands, S. Devon, 
W. Curnow and W. B. Waterfall, July and August, 1878. Our 
drawing is from the Gosport plant, which differs from the type by 
its much shorter nucules and longer bract-cells. We have little 
doubt that both that and the plants from Slapton belong to this 
species, but some slight uncertainty must exist until a series of 
specimens has been examined. 

(To be continued.) 



104 



NEW NEW-ZEALAND PLANTS. 

By De. S. Berggren. 

Phyllachne Haastii, Berggr*, 7i.sp. — P. foliis imbricatis e basi 
oblonga plano-convexa semiteretibus apice vix incrassatis, nervo 
simplici, columna dimiclio exserta, stigmatis lobis oblongis re- 
curvis, capsula turbinata, seminibus 6-12 in placenta centrali 
indivisa. 

Kelly's Hill, Canterbury Alps. 

This is the plant which I referred to P. Cole?isoi, Hook, f., in 
Lund's ' Physiograph. Siiltskaps Minnesskrift,' 1878. tab. III., 
fig. 1-27. From that plant this is distinguished by the dull 
olive-green leaves, the upper half of which is semiterete and not 
swollen at the tip. The single nerve is unbranched, whereas 
in P. Colensoi there is a lateral branch on each side. The seeds 
are fewer in number, and the upper part of the placenta is not 
divided into two branches as in that species. 

Dracophyllum Kirkii, Ben/fir., n. sp. — D. fruticosum, foliis 
fasciculatis patentibus e basi vaginante superne dilatata non auri- 
culata angustatis late subulatis concavis apice muticis vel mucro- 
natis supra glaucescentibus subtus striatis, floribus solitariis 
breviter pedicellatis 2-3-bracteatis, bracteis sepalisque ovatis acu- 
minatis margine ciliatis, filamentis antheris longioribus usque 
infra medium affixis. 

I wrongly referred (/. c, tab. IV., fig. 1-11) this plant to D. 
uni/loriun, Hook. f. It is distinguished from all the other species 
of this genus with solitary flowers by the shape of the leaves, 
which are almost canaliculate, and like the leaves of those species 
which have compound inflorescence, especially I), strictum. The 
relative length of the anthers and filaments, as well as the point 
of insertion of the stamens, presents some difference in this species 
from both divisions of the genus. 

Mount Torlesse, in Canterbury Alps. 

Carex Buchaxani, Berggr. — C. rufescens ; culmis caespitosis 
gracihbus firmis, foliis culmum subfequantibus vel longioribus tena- 
cibus semiteretibus margine scabris, bracteis culmum superantibus 
supenonbus evaginatis inferioribus vaginantibus, spicis 5-6 oblongis 
infiina remota ceteris approximatis terminali cylindracea mascula 
ceteris femineis ima basi masculis, squamis obovatis longe hispido- 
cuspidatis palhde membranaceis margine laceris, perigyniis ellip- 
tic^ plano-convexis rostralis bifidis rostro margineque superne 
ciliato serratis purpureo-inaculatis enerviis glabris squama ob- 
tectis, stigmatibus 2.— r. tenax, Berggr. 1 « f*A VTT £« 1-7 — 
a name already used for another species. 



Distinguished from C. Baoidii, Book 



very 



seimtorete leaves, the terminal spikelet without female flowers, 
and the nerveless glabrous utricle. 



105 



A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 

By J. Ok Baker, F.R.S. 

(Concluded from p. 4(5.) 

Group 3. Amphibia .—Species inhabiting waters where they are 
liable to be left dry. Leaves furnished with accessory bast- 

* bundles and abundant stomata. A few small membranous 
leal- bases occasionally persistent. 

p W \ S?? E ?' En g elm - iu Amer. Bot. Gaz., hi. (1878), 1.— 

Rootstock 2-lobed. Habit of I. melanopoda; said to tie dioicous. 
Reaves 8-12, 3-7 m. long, moderately firm in texture, tapering to 
tne point, furnished with stomata and accessory bast-bundles, 
sporangia globose or oblong; veil very narrow. Macrospores 
larger than m melanopoda, marked with distinct or rarely confluent 
tubercles. Microspores spinulose. 

Hab. Limestone gap, near the watershed between the Red 
itiver and Arkansas River, Western United States, Q. D. Butler. 



a. 102.<&$ 



-___, v . y^t»j , ^uiicu in jluui. juui. ouc, rraiice, 

ootstock deeply 2-lobed. Leaves 15-50, i-1 ft. lorn* 



43 un. diam. at the middle, moderately firm in texture, opaque, 

)TlT S J, the point ' fnniisli ed with stomata and a few accessory 
oast- bundles, narrowed suddenly into the dilated base. Sporangia 

SSbnVL; ° b i° ng ',*-3 in « lo »S> often bright chestnut-brown, 
opiousiy dotted ; veil very narrow. Macrospores small, nearly or 
quite smooth beyond the ribs. Microspores spinulose. 

Kfn+T # bha S ow P° nc l3 and damp prairies, Western United 
Mates, from Illinois to Iowa and Texasf 

2 InK 1 ! L J ngelma nni, A. Br. in Flora, 1846, 178.— Rootstock deeply 
oS * 1_li iu diam ' Habit of stout L ^oiistris. Leaves 
evppJ , ; ° • a foot lon 2> * lin - diam - at middle, diaphanous, pale 
been, tapering to the point, furnished with accessory bast-bundles 

narrnw Pl ° U a stomata > the edge decurrent from the base, short and 
narrZ' ,°P oran & e lai "ge, pale, oblong, unspotted; veil very 
M,V™!' Macros P°res middle-sized, white, honeycombed all over. 
Microspores smooth or nearly so. 

Enri^i . Po £- ds m the Northern United States from New 
with inn 1 Missouri. Var. valid*, Engelm., is a large variety, 

snorpi « ii eaves ' X *~ 2 ft - lon S> a broader veil, both kinds of 
f *es smaller, and microspores spinulose. 

I otJ' S^?^ 11 ' A - Br - ; Er >S el m. m Amer. Nat., 1874, 215; 
20-60 qlpf U Herb - '— Rootstock faintly 2-lobed. Leaves 
texture l g ' * lin * diam * at ihe middle, moderately firm in 

point wit? +1 greeu > Paque, 8-angled on the back, tapering to the 
^e ecW 1 6 accessor y bast-bundles and numerous stomata, 

small b tiil iT eDt from tiie base snorfc aud narrow - Sporange 
densely™- ,, lon g; Tei l complete. Macrospores middle-sized, 

Hab A y ^anulated. Microspores papillose. 
of I me'la ^ mea ^ows and edge of ponds in Oregon. Habit 



p 



10 6 A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 

23. LFLAcciDA,Slmttlew; A. Br. in Flora, 1846 178.— Rootstock 
2-lobed. Habit of L echinospora, but leaves much longer, 10-do, 
1-2 ft long, *-f diam. at the middle, diaphanous, light green, 
tapering to the point, furnished with accessory bast-bundles and 
copious" stornata, the edge decurrent from the base short and 
narrow. Sporange small, pale, oblong, f-f »• lo *S \ vei1 com ' 
plete. Macrospores small, covered with papillae, which are con- 
fluent into ridges. Microspores slightly papillose, ^ ■■■• 

Hab. Florida, in deep water. First gathered by Kugel. I. 
Chapmanni, Engelm., has stouter leaves, about 1£ ft- long, larger 
macrospores, with less prominent tubercles and ridges, microspores 
smooth or slightly papillose. 

24. I. setacea, Boso Diet. Hist, Nat. ; A. Br. in Verhand. 
Branden, 1862, 80.— Kootstock 3-lobed, rarely 2-lobed. Leaves 
10-80, often a foot long, £ lin. diam. at middle, palp green, 
opaque, moderately firm in texture, tapering to the point, furnished 
with copious accessory bast- bundles and stornata, the base suddenly 
dilated, its Recurrent edge reaching up the lamina about 2 m. 
Sporange pale, globose ; veil none; tongue as long as the sporange. 
Macrospores large, pure white, closely finely tubercled all over. 
Microspores cristate. 

Hab. South of France, in ponds nearly dry in summer. 

25. I. adspeksa, A. Br. Expl. Scient. Alg., tab. 37, fig. 3.— Boot- 
stock 3-lobed. Habit of I. setacea. Leaves 12-20, 3-9 in. long, 
£-£ in diam. at the middle, opaque, pale green, moderately firm m 
texture, furnished with stornata and accessory bast-bundles, the 
edge decurrent from the base short and narrow. Sporange small, 
spotted, globose ; veil very narrow ; tongue twice as long as broad. 
Macrospores with strong ribs and a few large tubercles. Micro- 
spores prickly or crested. 

Hab. Algeria and South France, in ponds dried up in summer. 

26. I. malinverniana, Cesati & De Not., Ind. Bern. Hort. Bot. 

Genuen., 1858, 3.— Kootstock 3-lobed, reaching an inch in diam. 
Habit of the large varieties of laaistris, but leaves much more 
elongated, 20-50 or more, a foot or more long, f-1 lin. diam. at 
the middle, diaphanous, bright green, tapering gradually to the 
point, furnished with stornata and accessory bast-bundles, the 
membranous edge decurrent from the base about 3 in. Sporange 
large, pale, oblong; veil none; lip as long as the short tongue. 
Macrospores large, white, muricated all over. Microspores 
smooth. 

Hab. Aqueducts in Piedmont, Moris ! De Notaris! 

27. I. velata, A. Br. Expl. Sc. Alg., tab. 37, fig. Xi'^ 
dedpiens and longusima, Bory & Durieu in Flora, 1846, 719. 
Rootstock deeply 3-lobed. Habit of /. setacea. Leaves 20- o0 9 



I 



the 



moderately firm in texture, pale green, opaque, tapering to tw 
point, furnished with copious stornata and accessory bast-bunqies 
a distinct membranous border decurrent from the dilated base to 
2-3 in. Sporange middle-sized, subglobose ; veil nearly or qui 



A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 107 

complete; lip very short ; tongue lanceolate. Macrospores middle- 
sized, minutely tubereled between the ribs, more prominently 
tubercled on the lower half. Microspores spinulose. 

Hab. Mediterranean region, from Spain to Asia Minor. 

28. I. Peralderiana, Durieu & Letourn. in Kralik PL Alg. Exsic, 
157.— Eootstock 3-lobed. Leaves 12-20, £-1 ft. long, *- lin. diam. 
at the middle, opaque, pale green, moderately firm in texture, 
furnished with copious stomata and accessory bast-bundles, the 
membranous border towards the base less distinct than in velata. 
Sporange pale, globose, -^ in. long ; veil nearly or quite complete ; 
lip truncate ; tongue lanceolate. Macrospores middle-sized, 
minutely tubercled, Microspores densely spinulose. 

Hab. Algeria, Kralik, 157 ! Very near velata. 

29. I. dubia, Gennari Comment., ii., 104. — Eootstock 3-lobed. 
Leaves about a dozen, very slender, 6-8 in. long, |— | lin. diam. at 
the middle, opaque, pale green, with stomata and a few obscure 
accessory bast-bundles, the border decurrent from the base short 
and narrow. Sporange small, pale, globose ; veil complete ; lip 
truncate ; tongue short, broad ovate. Macrospores like those of 
velata. Microspores dimorphous, some crested, some spinulose. 

Hab, Island of Magdalena, off Sardinia, Gennari! Very near 

velata. 

30. I. tegulensis, Gennari Comment., ii., 10G. — Eootstock 
3-lobed. Leaves 10-20, very slender, ^-1 ft. long, J-f lin. diam. 
at the middle, opaque, pale green, furnished with stomata and a 
few weak accessory bast-bundles, the border decurrent from the 
base short and narrow. Sporange small, pale, globose ; veil 
nearly or quite complete ; tongue and lip both short. Macrospores 
middle-sized, minutely tubercled. Microspore dimorphous, some 
spinulose, some crested. 

Hab. Sardinia. Very near velata. The Spanish /. butiea, 
Willk. & Lange Prodr. Fl. Hisp., i., 15, is either the same or a 
close ally. 

31. I. Boryana, Durieu in Bull. Bot. Soc. France, viii. (1861), 
164. — Eootstock 3-lobed. Habit stouter than in velata. Leaves 
10-30 or more, 4-8 in. long, £ lin. diam. at the middle, pale 
green, opaque, tapering gradually to the point, furnished with 
abundant stomata and accessory bast-bundles, with a broad 
Membranous border shortly decurrent from the dilated base. 
Sporange oblong or subglobose, pale ; veil complete ; tongue and 
up both short. Macrospores middle-sized, with minute tubercles 
between the ribs and larger ones over the lower half. Microspores 
dimorphous, some crested, some spinulose. 

Hab. Marshes of the Landes, Gay ! Durieu! 

82. 1. tenuissima, Boreau in Bull. Angers, 1850, 259. — Eoot- 
stock small, usually 3-lobed, rarely 4-lobed. Leaves 12-20, very 
slender, 3-4 in. long, J-4 lin. diam. at the middle, opaque, pale 
g^en, tapeiing gradually to the point, furnished with stomata and 
usually a few weak accessory bast-bundles, with a short broad 



108 A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 

membranous border decurrent from the dilated base. Sporange 
small, pale, globose; veil complete. Macrospores middle-sized, 
furnished with large scattered tubercles. Microspores densely 

spinulose. 

Hab. Marshes of Central France, Boreau! Franchet! 

33. I. olympica, A. Br., Milde Fil. Eur., 285.— Rootstock 
3-lobed. Habit of I. tenuissima, but leaves more numerous, 
11-2 in. long, opaque, pale green, furnished with stomata and a 
few weak accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, globose, 
unspotted ; veil partial or nearly complete. Macrospores small, 
furnished with small tubercles between the ridges and stronger 
ones over the lower half. Microspores spinulose. 

Hab. Bithynian Olympus, in swamps of the granitic plain, at 
6000 feet above sea-level, Dr. C. von Fritsch. 

34. I. Welwitschii, A. Br. in Kuhn Fil. Afric, 196.— Root- 
stock 3-lobed. Leaves 6-15, as firm in texture as in 1. Duriai, 
2-3 in. long, very slender, pale green, J lin. diam., furnished with 
stomata and accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, pale, 
globose; veil very narrow. Macrospores small, greyish, with 
small tubercles between the prominent ribs and larger ones over 
the lower half. Microspores granulated. 

Hab. Angola, in high spongy pastures of the Province of 
Huilla, at 3800-5500 feet, Wehntsch, 166 ! 

35. I. nigritiana, A. Br. in Kuhn Fil. Afric, 196.— Rootstock 
3-lobed. Habit of I. setacca. Leaves 12-15, very slender, firm in 
texture, 6-8 in. long, \ lin. diam. at the middle, pale green, 
opaque, furnished with stomata and a few weak accessory bast- 
bundles. Sporange pale, globose, £ in. long ; veil very narrow. 
Macrospores small, greyish, with a single tubercle between each 
ridge and several over the lower hemisphere. 

Hab. In the Niger country at Nupe, Barter, 1020 ! 

36. I. Schweinfurthii, A. Br. MSS. — Rootstock 3-lobed. 
Habit of I. setacea. Leaves 12-30, about a foot long, moderately 
firm in texture, opaque, tapering to the point, §-$ lin. diam. at 
the middle, furnished with stomata and accessory bast-bundles. 
Sporange small, globose ; veil none. Macrospores small, chalk- 
white, with high ridges and strongly honeycombed all over. 

Hab. Central Africa, in the Kingdom of Diur, S chic e injur th, 
1962! ° J 



37. I. ^equixoctialis, Welw. ; A. Br. in Kulm Fil. Afric, 195, 
Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit of I. xctacea. Leaves 6-12, very 
slender, a foot or more long, | lin. diam, at the middle, opaque, 
pale green, firm in texture, tapering to the point, furnished with 
copious stomata and several accessory bast-bundles. Sporange 
globose, £ in. diam. ; veil partial. Macrospores middle-sized, 
chalk-white, furnished with strong ridges and prominent tubercles. 
Microspores densely muricated. 

Hab. Angola, in damp pastures of Pungo Andongo, alt. 
2400-3800 feet, with Droscm, Dr. Weluitsch, 50 ! 



A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 109 

38. I. japonica, A. Br. in Verhand. Brand., 1862, 33. — Eootstock 
3-lobed. Habit between eckinospora and setacea. Leaves 12-30, 
4-6 in. long, ^-£ lin. diam. at the middle, bright green, diaphanous, 
tapering to the point, furnished with stomata and accessory bast- 
bundles, the edge decurrent from the dilated base short and 
narrow. Sporange small, oblong ; veil none. Microspores 
deeply and regular honeycombed. Microspores smooth, sometimes 
crested. 

Hab. Japan, discovered by Schottmuller in 1860; regathered 
lately by Moseley and Dickens. 

39. I. coromandelina, Linn. SuppL, 447. — Eootstock 3-lobed. 
Habit stouter than in setacea and velata. Leaves 10-20, 9-15 in. 
long, £-£ lin. diam. at the middle, opaque, moderately firm in 
texture, tapering to the point, furnished with copious stomata and 
accessory bast-bundles, the membranous base suddenly dilated. 
Sporange large, pale, oblong; veil none; tongue linear, as long 
as the sporange. Macrospores chalk-white, with strong ridges and 
prominent close tubercles. 

Hab. Moist soil near Madras, Wriyht, 309 ! Discovered by 
Kcenig. 

40. I. brachyglossa, A. Br. in Verhand. Branden., 1862, 32. — 
L capsulars, Griff. Ic, t. 116-118, non Eoxb. — Eootstock 3-lobed. 
Habit exactly of I. coromandelina. Leaves 20-30, about a foot 
iong, i~* lin 



Cf 



the point, furnished with abundant stomata and accessory bast- 
bundles, the membranous base suddenly dilated. Sporange large, 
pale ; veil none ; tongue cordate-ovate cuspidate, broader than 
long. Macrospores middle sized, chalk- white, closely strongly 
tubercled. 

Hab. Serampore, Griffith ! Boxburgh's I. caput lam, as shown 
by his drawings, is a male plant of YaUisneria spiralis. Our 
specimens of this and coromandelina are all without micro- 
spores. 

41. I. tripus, A. Br. in Berl. Monatber., 1863, 559; 1868, 544. 
—I. phaospora, Durieu in Bull. Bot. Soc. France (1864), 103. 
Eootstock 3-lobed. Leaves 10-20, very slender, 1-1| in. Ion 
i-i lin. diam., opaque, pale green, firm in texture, furnished with 
stomata and accessory bast-bundles. Sporange small, pale, 
globose ; veil none. Macrospores small, greyish white, covered 
with dense minute tubercles. Microspores smooth or nearly so. 

Hab. Swan Eiver, West Australia, Vrummond, 990 ! 

42. I. amazonica, A. Br. MSS.— Eootstock 3-lobed. Leaves 
10-20, 2-3 in. long, J-^ lin. diam. at the middle, firm in texture, 
furnished with stomata and accessory bast bundles, with a 
juembranous border about i in. long decurrent from the dilated 
base. Sporange small, white, globose, much spotted; veil 
rudimentary. Macrospores middle-sized, chalk-white, closely 
strongly tubercled. 

Hab. Inundated places near Santarem, Spruce, 1081 ! 



110 A SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOETES. 



43. I. cubana, Engelm. MSS. — Rootstock 3-lobed. Leaves 
10-50, |— 1 foot long, | lin. diain. at the middle, opaque, moderately 
firm in texture, furnished with stomata and accessory bast-bundles, 
the membranous base suddenly dilated. Sporange small, oblong, 
unspotted ; veil very narrow. Macrospores small, strongly 
tubercled. Microspores papillose. 

Hab. Cuba, C. Wright, 3912 ! 

44. I. Gabdneeiana, Kunze herb ; A. Br. in Verhand. Brand. 
1862, 34. — Rootstock 3-lobed. Habit of coromandelina. Leaves 
50 or more, about a foot long, 1 lin. diam. at the middle, slightly 
diaphanous, tapering to the point, furnished with copious stomata 
and accessory bast-bundles, with a narrow membranous border 
running up 2-3 in. from the dilated base. Sporange large, 
oblong ; veil none. Macrospores large, brown, beset with numerous 
round tubercles. Microspores smooth. 

Hab. Marshes, Mission of Duro, Province of Goyaz, Brazil, 
Gardner, 3563! Our specimens are without macrospores. A 
Paraguay plant, gathered by Balansa (1126) has them chalk-white 
and closely strongly tubercled. 

Group 4. Terrestres. — Species growing in damp soil. 
Leaves furnished with accessory bast-bundles and abundant 
stomata. Bases of the leaves of a former year regularly 
persistent on the rootstock round the head rosette in the form 
of rigid dark-coloured scales. 

45. I. Durusi, Bory, Comp. Rend. Acad., June, 1844 ; A. Br. 
Expl. Sc. Alg., t. 36, fig. 2.—/. tridentata, Durieu.— Rootstock 
deeply 3-lobed. Leaves 10-40, very slender, 2-4 in.' long, } lin. 
diam., pale green, firm in texture, with abiuidsuit stomata and 
accessory bast -bundles ; bases of the old leaves always short and 
minutely toothed. Macrospores middle-sized, conspicuously 
honeycombed. Microspores finely granulated. 

Hab. Mediterranean region from Portugal to Asia Minor. 



IP'S 
Bor 



46. I. Hystrix, Fory/Comptes Rend. Acad., June, 1844 ; A. Br., 

Expl. be. Alg., t. 36, fig. 1.—/. Belalandci, Lloyd.—/, sicula, 

lodaro.— I. Dunmi, Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 56, non Bory.— 
tephahceraton Hystrix, Gennari.— Rootstock and leaves exactly as 
in 1. Dunm, but the old leaf bases in the type furnished with hard 

Sr i*T* m * l0ng " Macros P° res finel y granulosa Microspores 

Hab. Guernsey and N.E. France to Spain and Asia Minor. 
Var suhnermi,, Durieu (J. Hytrin, forma desquamata, A. Br.; 
^epkaloceratun^mnocarpuni, Gennari), differs by having only short 

points to the leaf-bases, like those oil. Duruci. 



Ill 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR 

EXPEDITION OF 1875-6. 

By Henry Chichester Hart, B.A., Naturalist to H.M.S. 

i Discovery.' 

(Continued from p. 7H). 

It is curious to notice how some flowers, as Saxifrages and 
Poppies, retain their petals after being buried in the snow at the 
close of the summer; some Drabas do the same; and this also 
may be taken as an indication that the seed-ripening stage is far 
from being reached. 

The more northern the latitude, the more stunted most species 
of course become ; some, however, lose but little of their 
dimensions, as Dryas, Saxifraga oppositij'olia, S. cmpitosa. Care* 



/ 



ijfinis, Alopecurm alja'uus, Saxif\ 



Cerastium cdpinum, Papaver niulicaule, &c. Samples of the same 
plant gathered early and late in the season also vary very 
considerably, and in an unusual manner : owing to the shortness 
of the allotted time, all plants strive to get through their life- 
stages as rapidly as possible, coming into flower with the utmost 
haste; thus an early -gathered specimen of Armaria verna with 
hardly any leaves or stems, but in full flower, is very unlike 
the same plant two months later with its far-trailing branches 
and matted foliage ; Potentilla nivea will flower, too, when about 
an inch in height, later on reaching a stature of eight or ten 
inches, and bearing numerous flowers. The most stunted plants seem 
to be those which suffer most from being shifted about with moving 
mud, as Poppy, Cerastium, and Saxifraga cernua; these may often 
be met with travelling down a hill- side ready to cling to any 
support. Another check to the natural growth of many plants is 
that all, even marsh plants, such as Eriophora, Car ices, &c, must 
be prepared for a thorough baking and drying before the end of 
the season, though it opens with a wide-spread deluge. 

The total number of plants gathered at the different stations 
gives the following figures, only those districts which were at least 
tolerably well explored being separately accounted for. The whole 
number of species enumerated will be found to be one hundred and 
thirty-seven. Of these, 



1. Disco yielded - 119 

2. Proven - - 67 
5. Poulke Fiord - 44 
0. Cape Sabine - 35 



7. Hayes' Sound yielded 51 

11. Polaris Bay - - 22 

12. Discovery Bay - - 69 

13. Floeberff Beach- - 29 



The numbers before the names refer to the districts as already 



given. 



Greenland, north of the Humboldt Glacier (lat. 79° to 80°), and 
coming under districts 10 and 11, all north of 81°, yielded 26 
species, of which four, viz., Pedicularis hirsuta, liamumdus nivalis, 



112 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 

and Care.v nardina were not met with north of Bessel's Bay, 
the remainder occurring in Polaris Bay. All Greenland yielded 
132 species, and one only, Braya alpina, was not found south 
of the Humboldt Glacier. Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11 belong 
to Greenland. 

Grinnell Land contains 69 species. A quotation from Professor 
Fries' paper " On the Lichens of the English Polar Expedition," 
before alluded to, will render this part of the subject more 
interesting. He remarks : " As for the phanerogamous plants, 
Prof. A. J. Malmgren has already shown that nine species at the 
most are found on the western coast of Smith Sound ; and no one 

of these iv as found to the north of Cape Isabella, situated a little beyond 

78° north lat." Although this land extends through nearly four 
degrees of latitude, and was well botanized over in many places, 
every species gathered in it was to be met with in Discovery Bay, 
the districts north and south of that favoured locality adding none. 
All the flowers met with on the opposite coast north of the 
Humboldt Glacier also occur in Discovery Bay. These circum- 
stances are especially interesting, showing as they do in what a 
marvellous manner one sheltered and favoured locality will 
preserve a flora for an enormous area: let the climate improve, 
and the Discovery Bay flora may spread by seed, &c, in all 
directions ; but had it not found a haven there, numbers of species 
would be missing for diffusion— so accidental may be the original 
sources of the botanical wealth of a country. 

Grinnell Land contained four species which were not found 
elsewhere— Phippsia abjida, Armaria amnlandica, Androsace sep- 
tentrtonalis, and Deschampsia ccespitosa ; of these, however, the first, 
ana 1 believe the first two, are known to occur in North Greenland 
on the west coast, and the latter has been gathered on its east coast. 

districts 8 7 1 e ^ tenils from lat 79 ° 15 ' 10 ***. 83° 9', and includes 

Ellesmere Land, south of Hayes Sound, was only visited in a 
few places in lat. 78° 52' to lat. 78° 56'. Good collections were, 
nowever, made here, and two ferns from Hayes Sound, Woodsia 
hperborea and W ylabella, were gathered nowhere else. A com- 
wT? be + we en the floras of Grinnell Land and Ellesmere Land 
leads to the following results-Ellesmere Land yielded eleven 
species not met with in Grinnell Land :— 

Ranunculus sulphureus Carex alpina 

Potentilla anserma Hierochloe alpina 

V accmium uhginosum Woodsia hyperborea 

Cassiopeia tetragona W . glabella 

Pedicul aris flammea Lycopodium Selago 
Empetrum nigrum 

n«rtwfS5 - SpecieS ? ayes Sound m^vs to be an effectual 
ban ?i vti?' 1C1 ' ; ° n *fc ? ther W ' Gri ™ el l Land has no less 

ElLn^?nf P i 8Cie -« WluC ? m n0t occur t0 its south > iu N ° rt ^ 
from D?ln^ tS ^ Z - few exce Ptions, these are only recorded 
Horn Discovery Bay m Grinnell Land :— 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 113 

Cardamine bellidifolia Erigcron compositus 

C. pratensis E. uniflorus 

Draba niuricella Androsace septentrionalis 

Cochlearia anglica Luzula campestris 

Hesperis Pallasii Deschampsia caespitosa 

Braya alpina Trisetum subspicatum 

Arenaria groenlandica Colpodiuin latifolium 

Arnica montana Equisetum variegatum 

To the southerly migration of many species now existing in 
Discovery Bay and its vicinity, the long cliff-bound barren coast 
from Cape Louis Napoleon, lat. 79° 45', to Cape Baird, lat. 81° 35', is 
no doubt an insuperable obstacle. The distinction between these two 
floras is very remarkable: thus Ellesmere Land yielded 61 species; 
and out of a total of 80 species gathered upon the west shore 
north of lat. 78° 45', only 55 are common to both sides of Hayes 
Sound. 

Greenland north of 78°, i. e. 9 that part of Greenland which lies 
opposite to Grinnell Land and Ellesmere Land, from Smith Sound 
northward, contains altogether 50 species ; of these, the following 
24 were not met with north of Foulke Fiord : — 

Ranunculus sulphureus S. flagellaris 

Cardamine bellidifolia S. tricuspidata ^ 

Hesperis Pallasii Vaccinium uliginosum 

Lychnis apetala Cassiopeia tetragona 

Arenaria rubella Pedicularis capitata 

SteUaria humifusa P. lapponica ^ 

S. longipes Empetrum nigrum 

Potentilla anscrina Luzula arcuata 

Epilobium latifolium Carex rigida 

Saxifraga cernua Eriophorum capitatum 

S. rivularis E. vaginatum 

S. nivalis Poa pratensis 

This list of absentees shows the extreme poverty of the flora 
of Polaris Bay. 

Thus thirty more species (or more than half as many more) 
were gathered upon the west side of Smith Sound and Kobeson 
Channel than upon the east, north of lat. 78° ; further examination 
would perhaps reduce this difference slightly, but only slightly, 
since Polaris Bay has been thoroughly explored. Also, two or 
three plants are recorded by Elias Durand from Washington Land, 
north of the Great Glacier, in his account of Kane's plants, but 
several plants there entered are open to grave suspicion. SteUaria 
humifusa and Poa jwatensis are the only two plants which occurred 
on the east, but not on the west shore north of lat. 78°, which make 
the total for these latitudes to be eighty-two species. 

Though the Humboldt Glacier, w : ith its sea-wall of blue ice 
seventy miles long and a hundred feet above the water's edge, 
intervenes for a latitude of upwards of one degree on the east side 
of Smith Sound, its effects with regard to the range of Greenland 
plants would appear far less than those of Hayes Sound and the 

Q 



114 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 

coast north of it, upon the opposite shore. But this is only due 
to the poverty of the flora of the extreme north of Greenland 
the paucity of materials for it to modify; indeed this flora, as well 
as that of the whole of Grinnell Land, would almost appear to be 
derived from Discovery Bay. 

XIII. Floeberg Beach, lat. 82° 27' ; Cape Joseph Henry, lat. 82° 50', 

Sept. 1, 1875, to July 31, 1876 (H.M.S. 'Alert'). 

For the following remarks upon Floeberg Beach and other 
points north of those visited by me, I am indebted to my friend 
Captain Feilden, naturalist to H.M.S. ' Alert.' 

Northward of Cape Union (lat. 82° 15'), the coast of Grinnell 
Land trends in a N.N.W. direction to Cape Joseph Henry 
(lat. 82° 50'). The appearance of this coast-line differs very 
considerably from the western shore of Kobeson Channel, which 
is bounded by precipitous cliffs or frowning headlands rising to an 
altitude of 1200 to 1500 feet, with a steep talus stretching to the 
ice-foot. Beyond Cape Union the coast-line at many points is 
made up of gravel ridges or slopes of mud, old sea-bottoms in fact, 
stretching landwards to the first range of hills, which rise to a 
height of 600 or 700 feet. Inland of this old coast-line, many 
elevations rise to a height of 1200 or 1500 feet ; whilst still further 
may be seen in the distance a sea of snowy peaks, attaining an 
estimated altitude of 5000 feet. 

In the northern portion of Grinnell Land, around Floeberg 
Beach, plants were most plentiful along the shore-line and in the 
valleys up to an elevation of 300 feet ; but in some favoured spots 
we found luxuriant patches of sorrel and grasses even at 600 or 
700 feet. The richest vegetation occurred on the northern slopes, 
as these obtain the greatest amount of the sun's rays during the warm 
months. The most northern point I visited was the neighbourhood 
of Cape Joseph Henry (lat. 82° 50') in the end of May and beginning 
of June; at that season the winter snows had scarcely begun to thaw, 
but the action of the winds exposed here and there withered remains 
of prior season's growth ; Salle arctica was here quite as large and 
abundant as at Floeberg Beach, a specimen gathered near Cape 
Joseph Henry in lat. 82° 46' had a stem seven-tenths of an inch 
in diameter ; withered stems of Paparer nwlicaule, Draba alpina, 
Cerastiiun. alpuium, L'ntentWa nivea, Dn/as integrifoUa, Saxifnvja 

opposititoli't ^ and two grasses were gathered here. My impression 
is that in this locality the plant growth scarcely differs from that 
in the neighbourhood of Floeberg Beach. 

On the 6th June, at Floeberg Beach, I obtained a single 
blossom of Samfraga opposUifolia, the first flower observed ; by the 
lzm it was m full flower, and so abundant that some of the 
northern slopes near the sea-shore were suffused with a purplish 
glow when seen at a distance. Lychnis apetala I have noted as 
the latest plant to flower; I first saw it blossoming on the 25th 

ot July, w^h the exception of CochUaria o//icinalis, of which I 
only found two or three stunted plants north of Cape Union, I 
did not observe that any of the other species collected by me at 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 115 

Floeberg Beach differed in size or luxuriance from similar species 

growing at Discovery Bay ; though the entire failure of so many 

plants in so few miles of latitude is worthy of consideration. I 

thing I may safely say that Oxyria reniformis was the plant which 

grew most luxuriantly at the highest elevation around Floeberg 
Beach. 

With reference to the above remarks, it is well to observe that 
it is due to the configuration of the land that northern slopes 
obtained the greatest amount of sun's heat in Captain Feilden's 
latitudes. Eastern and southern slopes are the most favoured 
around Discovery Bay. 

To the many kind friends and botanical correspondents who 
have given me valuable assistance in the preparation of these 
notes my warm acknowledgments are due, especially to Mr. J. G. 
Baker, of Kew, who has most kindly compared and identified for 
me many of the critical forms, and to the officers of the Dublin 
Museum of Science and Art, who have given me every facility for 
carrying on my studies in their Natural History Department. My 
friend Mr. A. Gr. More has continually given me the benefit of his 
valuable advice, and rendered me every assistance in his power. 

To Sir Joseph Hooker I am indebted for details respecting the 
distribution of several Arctic species, and for encouraging me to 
proceed in my laborious undertaking. 

The Bev. J. E. Leefe has very kindly examined all the specimens 
of Salix gathered by our Expedition to which I have had access in 
Dublin, with the result of referring all the higher northern forms 
to S. arctica. 

My colleague, Captain Feilden, has kindly placed at my 
disposal his notes upon the plants of Floeberg Beach and other 
localities north of those visited by me. 

My results are chiefly drawn from my own memoranda, made 
during the voyage, and the specimens collected by me, now incor- 
porated in the Herbaria at Kew and in the British Museum. In 
addition, I have fortunately been able to consult the valuable 
botanical collections made by Dr. Moss, of H.M.S. ' Alert,' from 
Disco to Floeberg Beach, now deposited in the Herbarium of 
Trinity College, and placed at my disposal by Dr. E. P. Wright, 
the Professor of Botany. I have also carefully studied an 
interesting series of specimens collected by my shipmate, Dr. 
Coppinger, to whom I am mainly indebted for the knowledge of 
the Flora of Polaris Bay, where he was encamped for several 
weeks during the summer of 1876. With these are incorporated 
a collection made by myself in Discovery Bay, the whole being 
now deposited in charge of the officers of the Natural History 
Department of the Dublin Museum. 

To Dr. Steele my sincere thanks are due, for his kindness in 
allowing me to examine a most interesting series of Arctic plants, 
which were chiefly made during the various Franklin Search 
Expeditions. 

(To be continued). 



110 



NOTES ON THE FLOEA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

By G. C. Druce, F.L.S. 

(Concluded from p. 70.) 

Salix fra<jiiis, L. Gayton, Rothersthorpe, Nene a; Castle 
Ashby, Nene b ; Cosgrove, Ouse. 

S. rubra, Hucls. Nene side, a. 

S. Helix, L. Osier-beds, Nene side, Northampton. 

S. vitellina, Sm. Cosgrove, Ouse. 

S. amyijdalina, Sm. Nene above Northampton. 

S. Smitlnana, Willd. Harleston ; Nene side; Rush Mills. 

S. acuminata, Sm. Castle Ashby, Nene b. 

S. purpurea, Sm. Blisworth, Moulton, &c. 

S. aurita, L. Plain Woods, Nene a ; Yardley Chase, Nene b ; 
Whittlebury Forest, Ouse. 

S. viminalis, L. Rush Mills, Great Billing, &c, Nene b\ 
Peterboro'. 

Acorus Calamus, L. Lamport Rectory pond [Berkeley). Sir 
Charles Isham informs me it is still there. 

Potamogeton natans, L. In all the districts. 

P. acutifolius, Sch. Drayton reservoir, very fine. 

P. pra-lowjus, Wolf. One specimen found in canal, Northampton ; 
River Nene above Northampton, Nene a. 

P. obtusifolius, M. & K. Wakefield pond, Ouse. 

P. mucronatus, Schrad. Nene a, Northampton; Stoke Bruerne 
Canal, Ouse. 

P. pusillus, L. Canal, Yardley Gobion, Ouse. 

ZannichelUa eu-jmlustris, L. Very fine in Kingsthorpe Spring, 
Nene a ; Potter's Pury, Ouse ; Moreton Pinkney, Chenvell, and in 
dykes at Peterboro', Nene c. 

Trhjloehin palustre, L. Canal-side, Northampton, Nene a; 
Foxhall, Nene b ; Wittering ; Wansford, Nene c ; Bradland pond- 
side ; Yardley canal-side, Ouse. 

Alisma lanceolata, With. Yardley canal side, Ouse. 
-'Elodea canadensis, Rich. In all the streams and ponds. 

Orchis incamata, L. In marshes near Wittering and Southorpe, 
and probably follows, at scattered intervals, the course of stream 
running out of the Whitewater near Stamford race -course to the 
Nene below Wansford. It occurs with 0. latifoUa, sometimes 
approaching it very closely. 

0. latifolia, L. Foxhall, Nene b: Wittering, Nene c\ 
Croughton, Cherwell. 

tlahenaria viridis, Br. Barnack ( Jones) ; Southorpe, Nene c; 
Wappenham, fine specimens [Miss Scott), Ouse. 

H. bifulia, Br. Wicken Wood and Whittlebury Forest, Ouse. 
xt H ' chl ^ aufh ^ Bab. Salcey, Badby, Nene a; Yardley Chase, 
N ene b ; Bedford Purlieus, Nene c ; Whittlebury Forest, Ouse ; 
Wakerley Wood, Welland. 

Ophnjs apifera, Huds. Grendon, Nene b ; Southorpe, Nene c 

O. mmcif<ra y Huds. Courteenhall (Sir Hereward Wake) ; Whit- 
tlebury 1 orest ; Wakerley Wood, Welland. 



NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 117 

[0. aranifera, Huds. Soutliorpe quarries ; the habitat now 
destroyed by a larch plantation.] 

Iris Pmulacorns, L. Tove-side, Yardley, &c, Ouse. 
I. acorifornus, Bor. Nene-side, Northampton; Wittering below 
Peterboro', Nene c. Very typical. 

Polygonatum multiflorum, All. In an old spinney near Heathen- 
cote (Norman), Ouse. 

*Buscu$ acaleatiis, L. Hedges, Hardingstone, Castle Ashby, and 
Peterboro'. 

Garjea lutea, Ker. On a steep shady hedge-bank near Roade, 
Nene a* 

Allium compactum, Thuill. Roadside near Grafton Regis, 
sparingly, Ouse, Nene b. 

* OrnithogcUum iimbeUatum, L. In a lane near Mears Ashby. 
0. nutans, L. Geddington Chase. 

Luzida sylratica, Bick. Fawsley Wood, Nene a ; Bedford 
Purlieus, Nene c. 

L. conyesta, Sin. Harleston Firs, Kingsthorpe bushes, 
Badby, &o., Nene a. 

Juncus supinus, Moench. In Harleston Firs, growing in a wet 
trench with Hydrocotyle and Blechnum. Very rare, and perhaps its 
only locality. 

J. squarrosus, L. Harleston Firs, very rare, Nene a. 

«/. compressus, Jacq. Badby, Nene a ; Wakefield pond-side ; 

road-side, Grafton Regis, Ouse ; plentiful by side of Drayton 
reservoir, Avon. 

Schcmus niyricans, L. Wittering, small and local, Nene c. 

Blysmus compressus, Panz. Foxhall bog, Nene b. 

Carex pulicaris, L. Foxhall bog, Nene b ; Wittering marsh, 
Nene c . 

C. nemorosa, Rebent. Fotheringhay, Nene c. 

C, stellulata, Good. Kingsthorpe bushes, Nene a ; Foxhall, 

Nene h ; Wittering, Nene c. 

C. remota, L. Blisworth, Plain Woods, abundant, Nene a; 

Yardley Chase ; Delapre, Nene b ; Stoke Bruerne ; Whit tie wood, 
Ouse. 

C. acuta, L. Harleston, &c, Nene a; Wittering, Nene c; 
Yardley Gobion, &c, Ouse. 

C r . pilulifera, L. Harleston Firs, very rare, Nene a. 

C. pallescens, L. Badby Wood, Nene a, var. nndulata. 

C. panicea, L. Generally distributed. 

C. distans, L. Croughton bog, Cherwell. 

C. ampullacca, L. Croughton bog, Cherwell (French). 

C.fulca, Good. Foxhall bog, Nene b ; Wittering, Nene c. 

0. flava, L. Foxhall bog, Nene b; Wittering, Nene c; 
Croughton, Cherwell. 

ft pseudo-cy perns, L. Harpole pond, Nene a ; Delapre meadows, 

Nene b ; abundant by dyke-side below Peterboro', Nene c ; Brad- 
land pond, Ouse. 

C. vesicaria, L. Wittering, Nene c; Whittlebury Forest, 
Ouse. 



118 NOTES ON THE FLORA OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 

Phleum nodosum. Harleston Heath, Nene a ; Cosgrove quarries, 

Ouse. 

Ayrostis canina, L. Harleston, Nene a. 

Aira car yophj Ilea, L. Harleston, Nene a. 

A. prmcox, L. Boro' Hill; Badby Downs ; Harleston, Nene a\ 

Koade, Ouse. 

Avena pratensis, L. Eoade, Ouse; Barnack, Nene c. 

A. strigosa, Sclireb. Harpole, Nene a ; and in other districts. 

Triodia decumbens, Beauv. Foxhall, Nene b; very scarce in 
1879. 

Koeleria cristata, Pers. — a. vulgaris. Wittering, Southorpe; 
Bedford Purlieus, Nene c ; Eoade, Ouse. — b. gracilis. Boro* Hill, 
Nene a. — c. albescens. Between Wittering and Southorpe, Nene c. 

Molinia carulea, Mcench. Foxhall bog, Nene b ; Wittering 
marsh, Nene c. 

Ghjcena plicata, Fries. Blisworth ; Kingsthorpe, Nene a; 






Foxhall, Nene b; Nassington, Nene c ; Whittlewood, Ouse. 

G. pedicel lata, Towns. Brickyards near race-course, North- 
ampton. 

Sclerochloa distans, Bab. Sewage-works, abundant, Nene b. 

Poa nemoralis, L. Daventry, Nene a; Southorpe, Nene c; 
plentiful, hedge-side near Yardley Gobion, Ouse. 

Festuca sciuroides, Both. Harleston ; Kingsthorpe ; Upton, 
Nene a ; Thorpe Malsor, Nene b ; Grafton Regis, Ouse. 

F. ovina, L. Hunsbury Hill, Nene a ; Castle Asbby, Nene b ; 
Barnack, Nene c ; Cosgrove quarries, Ouse. 

F. pratensis, Huds. Daventry; Dane's Camp, Nene a; Castle 
Ashby ; Geddington, Nene b. 

Bromus erectus, B.mh. Duston, Nene a; Castle Ashby (Rogers), 
Nene b; Barnack, &c, Nene c; Coppice Moor, Ouse. 

B. secalinus, L. Blisworth, Nene a ; Yardley, Ouse. 

B. commutatm, Schrad. Dallington, Nene a. 

Hordeum sylvaticum, Huds. Fineshade (Berkeley) ; Welland. 

Asplenium Trichoma***, L. Great Billing; Thrapston (Rev. B. 
Ward); Irthlingboro' Biver bridge, Nene *; Heathencote, Ouse 

(Norman). 

AthyriumFi!i.,;-fcemina,Bemh. Harleston; New Duston ; Badby 
Woods, Nene a ; Delapre, Yardley Chase, Overstone (Mrs. Birch), 
Nene b ; Bedford Purlieus, Nene c. 

Aspidium annulare, Wil!d. Badby Woods (Griffin). 

Kqmsetum fiudatile, L. Gayton, Harpole, Dallington, &«•» 

.Li tJJLLv^ if ■ 

Chora Impidu, L. Abington pond, Nene b. 
L. Jutida, Braun. Gayton canal and Nene a ; Foxhall, Nene b ; 
Wittering Marsh, Nene c; Yardley Gobion, Ouse. 

The most interesting districts of Northants are as follows : 
barnack quarries, exhausted for the last 400 years, about four 
miles from Stamford and two from Ufford station, with the con- 
tiguous quarries of Southorpe, are especially productive; m 
addition to the plants previously quoted for these places may W 



SHOET NOTES. 119 

mentioned Gnaphalium dioicum, still lingering on the north 
sides of a few of the hollows, and Aceras anthropophora, Yerbascum 
nigrum and Atropa Belladonna, frequent in the more recent 
quarries : about a mile from Southorpe is Wittering Marsh, caused 
by a little stream running out of the Whitewater. Car ex pan iculata, 
Junms obtusiflorus, Ertophortm angustifolium, E. latifolhnn, Epipactis 
palmtns, Gymnadenm conopsea, Pinguecula vulgaris, Carduus pratensis, 
and Menyanthes trifoliata may still he found. Prom Stamford an 
old Koman road now covered with grass leads to Oundle, and 
altorc some uncommon species, Astragal* hypoglottis, Hippocrepis, 

terastium arvense Orchis pyramidalis, Gentiana Amarella and 

campestns, &c. ; bordering this road are the woods of Bedford 
^urheus where Convalhnia, Aquilegm, and Melica uniftor* are 
abundant. I wo miles west of Stamford are Colly weston quarries, 
Tvnere Aeeras anthropophora and Arabis hirsuta are plentiful, and 
Orchis ustulata and Origanum vulgar* also occur. 

Harleston Firs, frequently quoted, are some fir woods on the 
sand, and yield many interesting plants, rare or absent on the 
oolitic districts of the county. Up to comparatively recent times 
tne locality was a sandy common, and then yielded several species 
now extinct. 

Foxhall Bog is situated on what was once Oldfield, about five 
miles from Kettering ; it is now converted into sheep farms, and 
pne bog recently planted with sallows will soon cease to deserve 

its name: Gymnadenia conopsea, Cardials pratensis, Piw/uicula, 
AnagaUss tenella, Pedicularis palustris, Valeriana dioica were formerly 
abundant here. - 

Badby Woods, four miles from Weedon, on the greensand, are 
also rich, Vieia sylratica, Equisetum sylvaticum, Lathyrus sylvestiis, 

^ysimachut nemorum, Hicracium boreale behncr nlnntifnl 



SHOET NOTES. 



of «5 l2 l\ MAXIMA > £•> IN Jeesey. — This conspicuous grass, a native 
rL\5? ! n Euro P e especially in the Mediterranean region, is 
MRTof t mmg nat uralised in Jersey. During the last summer 
of tli ■ 1 notlced ifc in tllree distinct places in the N., S.W., and E. 
cav and res P ecti vely, namely, at Plemont, by the celebrated 

dverns ; at La Haule, near St. Aubin's, most plentifully, close by 
iie station for Ranunculus charophyllus, L. ; and in St." Saviour's 
win i J he N,E - of St Helier's. The late Dr. M. M. Bull, 
most • last Au S ust has deprived the Channel Islands of its 

that } ene f getic . botanist, informed me, with reference to this grass, 
Waa v first ODScrv ed it six or seven years ago, and that it 

native i* 0a r lg year by year * Br '~-" >" ayima is > I believe, in its 
f tJi °w~*7 (i.e., the Azores, Madeira, Canaries, and the whole 

CW).° e ditcrraiieaii region) nearly always associated with 
v »t(ms echinatus, L„ and B ramus nuu-imus, Desv. Both these 



120 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

have been long known as inhabitants of the Channel Islands, and 
it is most probable that the Cynosurus, at all events, which is a 
well-known ballast plant, may have been originally introduced at 
some remote date. The Briza bids fair to overrun the island, as it 
seeds so freely. It has not been yet detected either in Sark, Herm, 
or Guernsey. — J. Cosmo Melvill. 



Hypnum salebrosum, Hoffm.—Mv. H. Boswell has kindly 
pointed out an error in my communication in the last number ol 
this Journal ; the moss found by him was not 11. MUdamum, as 
there stated, but H. salebrosum. He also reports that he has 
received the true plant from Dorsetshire, where it was lately 
gathered by the Rev. H. H. Wood. H. salebrosum, Hoffm., is 
therefore known to occur in Forfarshire, Roxburghshire, Yorkshire, 
Lincolnshire, Oxfordshire, and Dorsetshire ; and 11. Mildeanum m 
Fifeshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, Lincolnshire, Kent, Sussex, 
Somersetshire, Devon, and Cornwall; and, in Ireland, near Cork 
and Dublin. Mr. Boswell also remarks that a North American 
form of H. salebrosum has an almost cylindrical capsule, and. 
approaches thereby to H. latum and H. acuminatum; and that this 
species is as variable as H. rutabulum. — E. M. Holmes. 



Extract* an* Notices of i&oofts & Jlfemofr* 



TWO NEW NATURAL ORDERS. 



Two new Natural Orders — Balanopsea and LeitneriecE--^ 
founded by Bentham and Hooker in the recently issued part of the 
'Genera Plantarum,' from which we extract the following descrip- 
tions. Balanop&ea is placed between EuphorbiaCM and Urtice®; 
LeitneriecB between Platanacece and Jitylamleie, the following bemg 
the diagnostic characters of each : — 

" Balanopsea. — Inflorescentia mas amentacea. Perianthium U 
v. squamula minuta. Stamina 2-oo , antheris subsessilibus. Ovarium 
imperfecta 2-loeulare. Ovula in loculis 2, ereeta, anatropa. 
Fructus indehiscens. Seminis albumen copiosum, carnosum; 
radicals infer a." 

11 Leitneriea.— Inflorescentia mas amentacea. Perianthium 0. 
Stamina qo , bracteae affixa. Ovarium 1-loculare, 1-ovulatum. 
Albumen tenue. Kadicula supera. Folia simplicia." 

"Ordo CLII. Balanopseje. 

Flores dioici, mas in spicis amentaceis sparsi, breviter pedi- 
cellati v. subsessiles. Perianthium (v. bracteola?) ad apicem 
" unilaterali. Stamina go (2-12 «»P«« 



unica 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 121 

5-6) filamentis brevissimis v. 0. Anthem in toro subsessiles, 
ovatte, loculis 2 parallelis dorso contiguis, rima longitudinal! 



oiiire 



m 



v. 



latmscule 2-valvibus, connectivo interdum in acumen minutum 
producto. Ovarii rudimentum Ov. rarius in flore terminal! 
minutum, 2-partitum. Fl. foem. intra involucrum e bracteis 
ao -seriatim imbricatis solitarii, sessiles. Perianth una 0. Ovarium 
sessile, placentis 2 parietalibus imperfecte 2-loculare; apiee in 
stylos 2 fere ad basin 2-partitos desinens, ramis stigmatosis L_. _ 
subulatis flexuosis. OvuJa m quaque placenta 2, collateralia,°a 
basi erecta, anatropa, funiculis brevibus supra micropylum 
obturatorem dilatatis. Drupa involucra persistenti insidens, 
ovoidea v. oliviformis, 2-pyrena v. abortu 1-pyrena; epicarpium 
subcoriaceum, nitidum ; mesocarpium succulentum ; pyrenae, si 
du&, facie plana sese applicitae, dorso convex^, duriusculffl 
osseae. Semina in quaque pyrena solitaria, a basi erecta subsesrilia, 
pyrenae conformia ; testa membranacea. Albumen carnosum. 
Embryo albumine paullo brevior, rectus, cotyledonibus late ovatis 

v. oblongis planis tenuibus v. crassiuscule carnosis, radicula tereti 
infer a. 

Arbores fruticesve. Folia alterna v. sparsa, saspe subverti- 
cillatim approximata, coriacea, integerrima v. rarius leviter denti- 
calata, pennivenia. Stipulae 0. Amenta mascula et flores focminei 
ni ramulis annotinis v. vetustioribus infra folia sparsa, sessilia. 
BracteaB squamiformes, qd -seriatim imbricatae, ad basin amenti 
pas minim®, caducissimae, sub ilore foem. ab exterioribus in 
mteriores gradatim increscentes, sub fructu v. post drupas delapsas 
persistentes ; bracteae praeterea minutae glanduliformes in rliachi 
amenti mas plures. Bracteola ad quemque florem a Baillono 
memorata nobis potius, uti supra, perianthii rudimentum videtur. 

Species 6 v. 7, omnes Novo-Caledonicae. 

Ordo e genere unico constans, a Baillono dubie ad Castaneas 
suas {Cupuliferas) relatus, characteribus pluribus essentialibus 
abhorret. Nobis Euphorbiaceu multo affinior videtur, Flores 
masculi omnino DaphniphylU; ovula in loculis ovarii gemina 
collateralia, funiculi obturator, fructus drupaceus, embryo in 
albumine carnoso rectus, stylorum conformatio et habitus con- 
vemunt, sed a toto ordine differt ovulis semimbusque a basi erectis 
nee ab apice pendulis. 

207 1 ' Balanops > BaUL Adam. x. 117, 337; Hist. PI. tL 237,/. 
7 /^ 213. — Genus unicum. Character ordinis. 
Species uti supra 6 v. 7, quarum examinavimus flores mas in 
S P- 2, fructus in sp. 3* Flores foemineos non vidimus, eorum 
characters ex descr. Bailloni excerpsinms."— p. 341. 

11 Ordo CLV. Leitnerie.e. 

t lores dioici, utriusque sexus in spicis amentaceis erectis sub 
( q 3 u ^ ue bractea solitarii. Fl. mas: Pmmtkhm 0. Stamina ao 

lib t01 -° ^ d3i ^ ractea) adnato affixa, filamentis filiformibus 

lo ei v S V# V * X ^si conu atis. Anthem majuscule, erects, basifixae, 
c uhs parallelis distinctis dorso conthniis lon<ntudinaliter dehi- 



eutibus. Ovarii rudimentum 0. Fl. foem ; Perianthium minutum 



R 



122 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

e squamellis valde imequalibus basi in discum seu cupulam connatis. 
Ovarium sessile, 1-loculare, in stylum longum indivisum apioe 
recurvum uno latere longe stigmatosum desinens. Ovulum unicum, 
parieti lateraliter affixum, ampliitropum, aseendens, micropyle 
supera. Drupa oblonga, compressiuseula, exocarpio tenui ; endo- 
carpium durum. Semen liilo lineari lateraliter affixum, fructui 
conforme, testa membranacea. Albumen tenue, carnosum. Embryo 
rectus, semine parum brevior, cotyledonibus planis basi cordatis, 

radicula brevi exserta supera. 

Frutices non resinosi, innovationibus sericeo-puberulis. Folia 
alterna, petiolata, majuscula, integerrima, pennivenia, epunctata. 
Stipulffl 0. Amenta e ramis annotinis ante folia evoluta,in gemmis 
solitaria, sessilia, squamis seu braeteis imbricatis demum laxius- 
culis, inferioribus plurimis vacuis. 

Species 2, altera Floridana paludosa, altera Texana minus 
perfecte nota. 

1. Leitxeria, CJmpm. Fl. S.U. St. 427.— Genus unicum. 

Character ordinis. 

Species, uti supra, 2. Cas. DC. Prod., xviii., 154. Hook. Ic. 
PL, t. 1044. Baill. Hist. P/., vi., 239, fig. 214 ad 216. 

Genus dubie Myricaceis adscript um, nobis potius Lrticaceis 
affine videtur, quoad flores mas Juglandea* refert, sed habitu, 
perianthio foeni. infero, &c, distincte differt. 

Didymeles, Thou. Hist. Ver/. Afr. Austr. 9, t. 1 (vel 3), arbor 
Madagascariensis a botanicis recentioribus non observato, a 
Baillonio primum ad Rutaceas dubie relata, seriusHist. Pl.,vi.241. 
Leitnerice juxtaposita, ex charactere et icone auctoris nobis ab 
utroque aliena videtur sed affinitas valde dubia." — pp. 396-7. 



Biological Atlas. By D. and A. N. M< Alpine. Edinburgh and 

London, W. and A. K. Johnston. 

The authors intend this to be a guide to the practical study of 
plants and animals, adapted to the requirements of the London 
University, Science and Art Department, and for use in schools 
and colleges. They have succeeded in making a very useful work, 
exhibiting in a somewhat diagrammatic manner typical specimens 
of the leading life forms, the characters on which their systematic 
positions are based, and the main points in their life history. The 
work, as far as it goes, represents the present stage of biological 
science. By the use of colour, and by employing the same colom 
for corresponding systems or organs in the' different life forms, 
great plainness is secured. The Atlas will be a useful com] 'anion 
to any biological hand-book, but its chief use will be in the 
laboratory or dissecting-room, as designed by its authors. The 
letterpress consists of little more than explanations of the illus- 
trations, but it is expressed and arranged in such a manner as to 
convey, or perhaps rather rccal, a large amount of information to 
the student. W. C 



— 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIKS. 123 



Das Microgonidium. Ein Beitray zur Kemtniss dvs Wahren Wesens 

der Flechten. Von Dr. Arthur Minks. Basel, Genf, Lyon, 
H. George's Verlag. 1879. 



o~ ~ • — — & 



The subject of the dual nature of lichens is one the approaches 
to which are so carefully watched, that to say anything about it is 
almost equal to a conflict in which language, not only personal but 
violent, is the favourite weapon. The author of the above work 
does not depart from this mode of discussion until he has had his 
say. He writes the " epitaph " of the Schwendenerian doctrine, 
and then calls on mycologists, algologists, and his brother licheno- 
logists to extend their hands to work out in quiet the solution of 
the difficulties of the question. After reading his book, with the 
hand of friendship outstretched, it is impossible to see that any 
particular difficulty remains. 

Shortly stated, Dr. Minks 1 s offspring is a theory, backed by his 
observations and controversial remarks, that microgonidia, which 
are ultimately transformed into gonidia, exist spontaneously in the 
hyphae, rhizines, cortical cells, paraphyses, thecae, and in the 
spores and spermatia (!) of lichens. Thus furnished, these organs 
are, as will easily be seen, equal to the necessities of vegetable life. 
The Sclnvendenerian doctrine, as at first announced, may have 
been startling, and the difficulties to be overcome in its proof hard 
to dispel ; but it must pale in its demand for credence beside the 
statement that "spermatia are not cells, but compound bodies 
composed of cells.' ' This is perhaps the extremity to which we 
are asked to go ; but it requires small knowledge of the subject to 
uphold the assertion that it differs not in nature, but only in 
degree, from these other propositions offered for our acceptance. 

The difficulties attending the manipulation of objects under 
such high powers of the microscope as Dr. Minks has used in these 
researches are well known in their effects to all microscopists ; and 
it is very unw 7 ise to throw stones when an error is the result of 
jaded or defective powers of vision under such trying conditions. 
But in this case of Dr. Minks's microgonidia we have to contem- 
plate not an isolated error, nor a small group of errors but a long 
series of obseivations for which the word inaccurate furnishes a 
feeble description. Many of the bodies described, such as micro- 
gonidia in the spores and spermatia, are, we venture to assert, 
without existence in such situations. How such errors may have 
arisen it is not for us to explain ; but all who have followed the 
literature of the subject wall recal the observations of Dr. Stabl on 
the hymenial gonidia as suggesting the most probable solution. 
The small hymenial gonidia wilich occur in the interstitial spaces 
°f the apothecia of many lichens are the offspring of the ordinary 
gonidia (thallus-gonidia), and have been carried up in the hymenium 
by the growth of its hyphae. When the ascospores are emitted 
from the apothecia, the hymenial gonidia are cast out also, and, 
tailing in the nieghbourhood of the ascospores, are many of them 
enveloped by the germinating filaments proceeding from the spores, 
when the conditions are favourable for growth, Along with the 



124 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

■ 

growth of the hyphae, these hyinenial gonidia increase in size, and 
ultimately act as the thaUus-gonidia of the new lichen. A further 
experiment, which in its result conclusively proved this was the 
isolated cultivation of the spores of a species of Thelidium with the 
hymenial gonidia of a Denr.atocarpon : — the hymenial gonidia of 
the Dermatocarpon belong to the same species of P lc itro coccus as 
those of the Thelidium. In time Dr. Stahl obtained the thallus of 
the Thelidium complete as regards gonidia and fructification, thus 
showing that the same species of alga served as the gonidia of two 
totally different Fungi. From these observations it will be seen 
that the minute hymenial gonidia are closely associated with the 
spores, both in the apothecium and in the free state. It is in this 
association, as observed with probably defective eyesight, or with a 
bad objective, or with both, that the explanation must be sought for 
a series of mistakes unparalleled in our experience of botanical 
literature. The upholders of the views of Schwendener will welcome 
this book, but the majority of lichenologists will reject it as calcu- 
lated to bring lichenology and its methods into contempt. G. M. 

Undee the title ' Botany for Children,' the Rev. G. Heuslow 
has recently issued "an illustrated elementary text-book for junior 
classes and young children," which is intended to precede Professor 
Oliver's 'Lessons in Elementary Botany.' We should hardly have 
thought this necessary ; and we do not quite see in what principle 
Mr. Henslow has gone in his selection of Natural Orders. Only 
twenty-five of these are chosen for illustration, the others being 
omitted on account of want of space ; among the omissions are the 
UmbeUifem, Mah-acca, Borragmaeea, and Scrophul ariaccir . The 
little book is well up to date, and there is a good index of terms ; 
the illustrations strike us as being, in many instances, hard and 
clumsy, although they sometimes show points not often attended 
to in so elementary a book— e.,j., at t. 3, where the apetalous 
flowers of Viola are well shown. 

Me. J. E. Gbiffith, of Bangor, has commenced a 'Flora of 
Carnarvonshire and Anglesea ' in the < Naturalist.' So far as we 
can judge from this first instalment, the enumeration of species is 
not intended to be critical, nor are the localities given very 
numerous ; while it is strange to find such species as Hellebonts 
jmuius and Limim mitatissimum included among British plants 
witn no note of suspicion suggests. The author does not say 
wuether he is himself responsible for the record of the species in 
the various localities. 

A Floba of Hitchin has been commenced in the 'Herts 
impress during last month ; it contains localities for the plants of 
the neighbourhood. The statement that "a fitting and competent 
person is .lacking" for the task of compiling a new Flora of 

Jlertfordshirf* vpnnMo „~ i- _ *r ^ r . ,<? r T»-ij~»lr 



U^i-e j i- °. " c tHbK OI compiling a new xiux«, •» 

Hertfordshire requires correction. Mr. R. A. 1W, of Baldock, 
is engaged upon this work, and has already made large collections 
towards it: he will b« aUA +n ,. — u~ „™„. a. <,™vmie 



i "•," ., x . .,; "«»*> »uu una aireaay maae large couet^"- 

tou aids it : he will be glad to receive assistance from anyone 
acquainted with the botany of the county. 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIfcS. 125 

Mr. G. W. Trail has reprinted from the ' Transactions of the 
Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh ' his enumeration of the 
Alg*e of the Frith of Forth. 

A condensed edition of Newman's ' History of British Ferns ' 
has been issued at small cost hy Messrs. W. Swan Sonnenschein 
and Allen. It is a handy little volume, including full descriptions 
and six plates containing figures (not always very satisfactory ones) 
of all the species. 

Mr. E. D. Fitzgerald's ' Australian Orchids' has reached its 
fifth part, which contains, amongst others, figures of the new 
species, Thelymitramcycalyptra, Sarcochilusmontanus, &ii&Dendrobium 
falcorostrum. 

The first (specimen) number of a new botanical weekly 
periodical, called the 'Botanisches Centralblatt,' has been issued. 
The object of its existence is to supply quickly abstracts, reviews 
and lists of botanical publications, and general botanical news. 
Just's 'Botanische Jahresbericht ' is necessarily so far behind time 
that the present publication in no way interferes with it. The 
editor, Dr. Oscar Uhlworm, of Leipzig, has secured the co-operation 
of a large staff of botanists. The first number is satisfactory, and 
if the journal continues to supply these " purely objective" notices 
without delay it will deserve success. 



Articles in Journals. 

January. 

Nwwo Giornale Bot. I ted. — T. Caruel, 'Fifty genera and species 
founded upon teratological and pathological specimens. ' — A. Berto- 
loni, ' On the Parasitism of Fungi/ — 0. Penzig, ' The crystals of 
Rosanoff in Cetastrin<« .'— T. Caruel & F. Cazzuola, ' Observations 
on the influence of temperature on plants.' — F. von Mueller, 
'Note on the synonymy of Eucalyptus.' — L. Nicotra, 'Some 
vegetable anomalies. '— H. Groves, 'Flora of Sirente.' 

Brehissonia. — P. Petit, ' On the Endochrome of Diatomace®.' 
Id*, ' Priority of the name Gaillonella (Bory) over Mclosira (Ag.)'— 
;L. Crie, ■ The former climate and fossil remains of the West of 
r ranee. 1 — E. Perrier, 'Notice of Ehrenberg ' (concluded). — A. de 
Bary, ■ On Symbiose' (concluded). — J. Brun, ' On Diatonmceae.' 

Bulletin of Torrey Botanical Club (New York).— C. F. Austin, 
'Biological Notes and Criticisms.'— W. B. Gerard, 'A new 
fungus' (Simblum rubescens, tt. 2). 

Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. — H. Marshall Ward, 

On the Embryo-sac and development of Gymnadenia conopsea ' 
(^tt.)---F. Elfving, 'On the Pollen-bodies of Angiosperms ' (1 tab.) 

-c. 0. Bower, 'Development of the conceptacle in Fucacea' 
(1 tab.) 

February. 

»vS*** w * 0,w of Linn - Soc - °f l-<'» l < lon (vol* *•» P*« vii.)— W. 
■tulips, 'On a new species of Hclfella' (H. calijumica) ft. 148 . 



126 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 

— C. B. Clarke, 'A Eeview of the Ferns of Northern India' 
(tt. 49-61). 

Botanuche Zeitung.—F. Hegelinaier, ' The Embryogeny of 
Lupin w' (tt. 2) (concluded).— E. Sadebeck, * Critical aphorisms 
on the life-history of Cryptogams ' (concluded). — A. Gautier, ' On 
Chlorophyll.' 

(Esterr. J lot. Zeitsch. — M. Willkomm, ' Spanish-Portuguese 
Plants' (continued). — F. A. Hazslinszky, 4 An anti-Jordanic 
species' [Eurotium [Aspergillus) glaucum % De Bary). — J. Greinblicli, 
4 Excursions in the northChalk Alps.' — C. J. Rlinggraff, ' Palestine 
and its vegetation.' 

Heiltvigia. — G. Winter, * Remarks on several Uredinea.' 

Magyar Xocent. Lapok. — 0. Toeinoesvary, * Bacillarise observed 
in Dacia.' 

Journal of I loyal Microscopical Soc. — P. M. Duncan, * On a part 
of the life-cycle of Clathrocystis mruginosaJ — G. Gulliver, g Classifi- 
catory significance of Eaphides in Hydrangea. 9 

Naturalist (Huddersfield). — F. B. White, ' Notes on the 
antiquity of Mosses.' 

Botaniska Notuer. — E. V. Extrand, ' Geographical distribution 
of the Scandinavian Moss-flora.' — A. P. Winslow, ' Silene injlatu, 
Sm., and S. maritima, With.' 

Flora. — A. Winkler, ' Eeniarks on Nasturtium officinale^ Erysi- 
mum repandum, and Crepis rlueadi folia. 1 — C. Kraus, ■ On the causes 
of internal growth' (concluded). — W. Joos, ' On the figures of 
Cinchona in the " Flora Columbia." '—J. Klein, ' On the crystalloids 
of Marine Alga>.'— S. Schulzer, 'Mycological Notes.'— J. E. Weiss, 
1 The Anatomy and Physiology of thickened roots.'— C. Limpriclit, 
'On German forms of Sauteria.' 

J num. Quekett Microscopical dlub.—T. S. Cobbold, 'Embryology 

of Achimenis picta.' 



gtoceeMugs of ^octettes. 



Linnean Society of London. 



February 5, 1880.— William Carruthers,F.K.S., Vice-President, 
in the chair.— Mr. Chas. Stewart drew attention to a stained 
microscopic section of the ovary of Hyadnthtu oriental**, showing 
the intra-nuclear network in the cells of the ovules. The nuclei 
before dividing appear greatly increased in size, with a well- 
defined network of highly refractive fibres; this network then 
becomes aggregated at opposite sides of the nucleus, forming two 
star-shaped masses connected by tine fibre; the latter rupture 
when the stellate masses become rounded, and form the nuclei of 



PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 127 

the two new cells.— Mr. K. Irwin Lynch brought under notice a 
mounted example of the pods of Acacia homalophylla t wherein each 
seed was attached by a very long, bright red funicle, which lies 
up and down on each side of the seed. This funicle is supposed 
to be always detached with the seed, and, from its brilliant colour, 
to serve as an attraction to birds, and so to assist in the dissemi- 
nation of the plant.— Mr. C. Baron Clarke then gave an oral 
resume of the Order Commehjnacea, which Order he had lately 
worked out for the new series of monographs supplementing 
DeCandolle's Prodromus. He defined the Order in question by 
the position of the embryo, not surrounded by the albumen, but 
closely applied to the embryostega, which is always remote from 
the liolum. An important auxiliary character is that the three 
segments of the calyx are always imbricated, so that one is 
entirely outside the two others. The author divided the Order as 
follows :— Tribe I. Palliem: fruit indehiscent. Tribe II. Com- 
melynea: capsule loculicidal, fertile stamens 3—2. Tribe III. 
Tradescantiem ; capsule loculicidal, fertile stamens 6 — 5. The 
Order contains, according to Mr. Clarke's researches, twenty-six 
genera and 309 species. He remarked on the character of the two- 
ranked seeds, on which the genus Dicliospermum had been founded, 
and which species in various genera exhibit. He also called 
attention to the remarkable change of colour in the petals of 
several species (as in Aneilema versicolor, Dalz.), which are yellow 
when fresh, and of a deep blue shade when dry. 

February 19, 1880.— W. Carruthers, F.K.S., Vice-President, in 
the chair. — Mr. Edwin Simpson-Baikie was elected a Fellow of 
the Society. — Mr. James Britten exhibited specimens of the stems 
of Mijrmecodia echinata and M. glabra, recently sent from Borneo 
by Mr. H. 0. Forbes, showing the galleries formed by a species of 
ant allied to, if not identical with, PkeidoU jauana, Mayr. Very 
young plants of one of the species of Myrmecodia were also 
exhibited, all of which had been attacked by ants. Beccari, in his 
description of JSlijnuecodia, which he had studied in its native 
localities, states that the young plants when not thus attacked 
soon die ; the presence of the ants apparently being essential to the 
existence of the species. — Dr. Maxwell T. Masters also brought 
forward an example of Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes bicalcarata) from 
Borneo, and he read a note thereon from Mr. Burbidge. Pitchers 
are perfect traps to creeping insects, by reason of the incurved 
spinous ridges round the throat of the pitcher. Providing against 
this difficulty, a certain species of black ant ingeniously perforates 
the stalk, and so obtains safe inroad and exit to the dead and 
decaying insects and the water contained in the reservoir. The 
remarkable Lemuroid Tardus spectrum likewise visits the pitcher 
plants for the sake of the entrapped insects. These it can easily 
obtain from the X Rajflesiana ; but not so from X. biealcarata, on 
p CC ° unt of the sharp spurs by which the lid is protected. — Dr. J. 
«•• T. Aitchison read a contribution " On the Flora of the Kuram 
Valley, Afghanistan. " Of 15,000 specimens, or 950 species, col- 
tected, the material shows a meeting of floras, European, Persian, 



128 BOTANICAL NEWS. 

Afghanistan, Tibetan, and Himalayan in character. In the Kuram 
and Hariab Valleys, the deodar, our finest Himalayan timber tree, 
forms dense forests, many of which will be found easily worked, 
and hereafter valuable for exportation. The pine and the oak 
forests descend and recede much according to the nature of the 
hill range, its exposure, dryness, or moisture. The walnut and 
amlok (Diospyros Lotos) produce excellent fruit. Chamarops 
llitchieana, a branching palm twenty feet high when uninjured, 
forms an aloe-like scrub on the plateau W. to the Darwaza Gar 
Pass. Of new species and varieties, the genera Acantholimon, 

Astrayalas, Oxytropis, Cousinia, Nepeta, Sedwn, Saxifraya, Plenro- 
spermum, Cotyledon, Eremunu, Rosa, llhododendron, Clematis, and 

Polyyonum yield noteworthy examples. Ferns were not plentiful, 

though over a dozen species were found, including Nephrodium 

riyidicm, most characteristic, now for the first time found in Afghan. 

Most of the European edible fruits are found in the orchards. 

Tobacco is occasionally grown, but plants used in kitchen gardening 

are rarely cultivated. The climate of the Hariab district is much 

colder and dryer than Kuram, and the rigour of the winter 

accordingly reacts on the vegetation. Dr. Aitchison en passant 

gave interesting information relative to the native uses of the 

plants, and also mentioned that from Kuram to Ali-Khal nearly 

every house keeps bees, so that a large trade is done in barter for 
honey. 



Botanical Netos. 



The Rev. Eugene O'Meara, M.A., died on the 20th of last 
January, at Newcastle Lyons Rectory, Hazlehatch, Co. Dublin, at 
the age of about sixty-five. He was well known to microscopists 
on account of his researches among Diatomacese, a group upon 
which he published numerous memoirs. He was one of the 
original founders of the Dublin Microscopical Club. 

We have also to announce the death, during the past month, 
ot the Rev. R. H. Webb, of Essendon, Herts., at the age of about 
seventy-fave^ In conjunction with the Rev. W. H. Coleman, he 
was the author of the 'Flora Hertfordiensis ' (1849) and of two 
supplements to the work, as weU as of a further list of additions 
which will be found in this Journal for 1872. 

Prof. Thos. Bell, died last month at Selborne, at the age of 
eighty-seven. He was the oldest Fellow of the Linnean Society, 
having been elected into that body in 1815 



RLMEN 



«♦ 75 t - m !? tin S ° f the R °y al Societ y wil1 henceforward be held 
at 4.d0 in the afternoon. 

^J™ lkhe A he ? barmm of Mr. W. Joshua, of Cirencester, has 
been acquired by the British Museum. 



129 



Original RxtitU*. 



A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACEJE. 

By Henry and James Groves. 

(Tabs. 207-210.) 

(Continued from p. 97.) 

iv. C. aspera, Willd. Gesells. Nat. Freunde Berl. (1809), iii., 
p. 298; Wallr. Ann. Bot., p. 185, tab. vi., f. 3; Bruzel, Obs. 
Char., pp. 12 and 22; GreviUe, Scott. Crypt., vi., No. 339; 
Wilson, E. B. S. 2738; Coss. & Germ. Atl. Flor. Par., tab. 38, 
fig. d.; Gant. Oesterr. Char., p. 15; Bab. A. N. H. (1850), v., 
p. 90 ; Walhn. Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 322; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc, vii., 
t. 51, f. 2 & t. 52; Braun, Consp. Char. Europ., p. 6; Braun, 
R. Sc S. Exs. 11. 12. 50. 98. 99: Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs. 106-114. 



C. hispida, "Linn.," Flor. Danica (1829), t. 1940; Ruprecht. 
Symb. ad Hist. PL Ross., p. 85 ; Nordst. Bot. Not. (1863), p. 44. 

C. delicatula and 0. interte.vta, Desv. in Loisel. Not. (1810), 
pp. 137-8. 

C.fallax, Ag. Sysb. Alg. (1824), Introd., p. 28. 

O. piisilla f and C. equisetifolia , Kiitz. Flora (1834), p. 705. 

Stem slender, moderately branched, sometimes producing 
smooth calcareous globular bulbils at the lower nodes, irregularly 
corticate, the cortical cells" obliquely joined, bearing slender, 
acute, spreading, spine-cells. Internodes long. Whorls of 6-9 
nearly straight or incurved branchlets, in the male plant shorter 
and more incurved than in the female. Stipulodes prominent. 
Branchlets of 6-9 joints, usually but 2 ecorticate. Bract-cells 
8-10, whorled, of nearly the same length, longer than the nucule. 
Nucule ovoid, 13- striate, coronula obtuse, spreading. Dioecious. 
(Tab. 207, fig. 4.) 

b. capillata, A. Br., Consp. Char. Europ. (1867), p. 6.— Spine- 
cells many, very long. Usually of a bright clear green. 

c. subinennis, Kiitz. Sp. Alg. (1849), p. 521; Braun, Consp. 
Char. Europ., p. 6. — Spine-cells very few and inconspicuous, 
much shorter than in the type. 

d. tacustris. — Much smaller, 1-4 in. high. Branchlets short, 
stout, incurved. Spine-cells papillate. A lake form. (Fig. 4a.) 

A small plant growing in dense masses, carpeting the lakes, &c, 



m w hich it occurs, usually greyish green, sometimes much incrusted. 



* The magnified stem in the ti-ute of this species, as well as in that of 

/" Con nivens } shows too few cortical cells, and in C. canexcms too many ft* 
represented. 

»• *. vol. 9. [May, 1880.] * 



130 A REVIEW OF 



BRITISH CHAR ACE JE. 



C. curta, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. vii., t. 53. C. aspent, var. curta, 
A. Braun, is a small form with very short branchlets and many 
spine-cells, which may probably be found in Britain. C. aspera 
appears to be confined to the northern hemisphere ; it is widely 
distributed in Europe, but more common in the north, also 
occurring in Asia, North Africa, and North America ; it is rare in 
England, but more common in Ireland. 

Lakes, ponds, canals, and brackish pools. July and August.— 
Cornwall, W. ; Hants, " Hut Pond" (var. c) ; Surrey; Carnarvon; 
Anglesea (and var. b) ; Nottingham; York, S.W. ; Northumber- 
land, S. ; Fife (and var. c) ; Shetland ; Kerry, N. ; Wicklow ; 
Westmeath ; Galway , * ■ La verly Common ' ' ; Mayo, ' ' Lough 
Mask" and "Foxford"; Cavan; Antrim. 

Var. capMata.— Near Holyhead, Anglesea, W. Wilson, July, 
1828. 

Var. lacmtris.— Lough Cullen, West Mayo, Hb. More. 
§ 2. Diplostich*:. — Stem with 2 rows of cortical cells tr> each branchlet. 

v. C. tomentosa, Linn. Spec. Plant. (1753), p. 1156; Bruzel. 
Obs. Char., pp. 13 and 20; Fl. Dan. (1829), t. 1941; Bab. 
A. N. H., v. (1850), p. 90; Wallm. Act. Acad. Stockh., 1854, 
p. 317; Kntz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 74, f. 1 ; Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs. 
30, 81, 50-4, 88, 89. 

C. latifolia, Willd.' Gesells. Nat. Freunde BerL, iii. (1809), 
p. 298 ; Hook. Lond. J. of Bot., 1842, p. 43 ; Hook. Icones Plant., 
vol. vi. (1843), t. 532. 

C. ceratophtfUa, Wallr. Ann. Bot. (1815), p. 192, tab. v. ; Fl. 
Dan (1819), 1654 ; Bruz. Obs. Char., p. 20 ; Gant. Oesterr. Char., 
p. 16 f. 10; Wallm. Act. Acad. Stockh., 1854, p. 318; Kiitz. 
lab. Phyc, vn., t. 73; Brann, Consp. Char. Europ.,p. 5; Braim, 
E. & S. Exs. 8, 9, 35, 36. 

Stem rather stout, much branched. Primary cortical cells 
very prominent, with scattered, short, stout, acute, usually 
solitary spine-cells. Whorls of 5-7 slightly incurved branchlets. 
btapolodes usually small, ovate-acuminate. Branchlets stout, of 
4-o long joints, of which 1-3 are ecorticate. Bract-cells usually 
6, wfiorled, very broad, longer than the nucule. Nucules ovoid 
i^-14 striate coronula prominent, spreading. Globules very large. 
Diopcinus. (Tab. 207, f. 5.) 

A large plant, sometimes much incrusted, distinguished by its 

stout bract-cells, which are very conspicuous. As Limueus in 

Species Plantarum' distinguishes C. tZmertm from O, hupiM by 

ti e character " actdeis eatdinu oratis," it i.s evident that be had our 

rtlrl U \ V*™'*??* , tlie specimen in his herbarium is a good 
lepicsentativeofit; the Linnean name has therefore been retained 
in preference to ( '. ceratophyll*, Wallr.. that adopted by Braun. 
IMril (1 T lsc ; ,v,r ^ «* belaud by Dr. D. Moore in 1841, at 
™ I t , r'' Westmeath, !m ,l .afterwards found bv him in a 
scconn locality, m the River Shannon below Portumna. f. 

R 53! TV" W£ Dt l y confined to Europe, being commoner in the 
Baltic districts. The Iri.l, plant is a small form with sometimes only 



ah .208. 




Qrnovr- Blaxrl, 



6.^ polyascLntha,/ in r.C.hisp la, 

8 C .vulg aTis , T, ;9 .C .ca^ne s c ens. I i^s . 



K.ttfr"^ '*" 



A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACEJE. 131 

the lowest joint of the branchlets corticate, but one of the Portimma 
specimens in Dr. Moore's herbarium is larger, and is remarkable 
for its very prominent stipulodes. (fig. 5a.) 

vi. C. polyacantha, Braun, R. &, S. Exs. 48 (1859); Braun, 
Consp. Char. Europ. (1867), p. 6 ; Fl. Dan. (1867), t. 2746., 

Hippuris muscosis sub aqua repent in Hibemia, Pluk. Phytog. 
(1691), t. 193, f. 6. 

0. pedunculate, Kiitz. Flora, 1834, i., p. 706 ? 

C. sptmdijlophuUa, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. ; Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 68, f. 2. 

C. hispida, var. pseudo-crinita , Braun, Ann. So. Nat., 1834, 
p. 355; Cosson & Germ. Atl. Flor. Par., t. 38, f. b 3. 

Stem rather stout, little branched. Primary cortical cells 
more prominent than the secondary, which are joined obliquely. 
Spine-cells many, long, slender, spreading, usually fascicled. 
Internodes long. Whorls of 8-10 straight or slightly- incurved 
branchlets. Stipulodes long, slender. Branchlets of 6-8 joints, 
the upper 2 ecorticate. Bract cells 6-10 acute, whorled, longer 
than the nucule. Nucules 3-4 on ' a branchlet, sometimes 2 
together 12-13 striate. Coronula short, slightly spreading, 
obtuse. Monoecious. (Tab. 208, fig. 6.) 

This is one of our most spinous species, and is usually very 
much incrusted. It may be distinguished from C. hispida by its 
smaller size, shorter branchlets, comparatively longer internodes, 
much more densely crowded spine-cells, as well as by the 
prominence of the primary cortical cells. The smaller forms, 
when sterile, much resemble some states of C. aspera, but may be 
separated from it by their fasciculed spine-cells. The secondary 
cortical cells are sometimes so obliquely joined as to render it 
almost triplostichous, thus presenting a passage to that group. 
This species was first collected by Sherard in turf-bogs in Ireland, 
and was figured from his specimen by Plukenet in 1691. It is an 
uncommon species, and has only been found in Europe, chiefly in 
the north. 

Ponds, fens, and turf-bogs. June. Cambridge; Yorks, N.E. ; 
*ife; Cork (Shanagarry Bog); Galway, E. ; Mayo (Foxford). 

vii. C. hispida, Linn. Sp. PL (1753), ii., p. 1157; Fl. Dan. 
(1764), vol. i., t. 154; Eng. Bot., 463 (1798) ; Wallr. Ann. Bot., 
P- 187, t. 4; Bruzel., Obs. Char., pp. 9 and 20; Coss. & Germ. 
Atl Flor. Par., t. 38, f. b; Gant. Oesterr. Char., p. 17, f. 14; 
B ab. A. N. H. (1850), v., p. 89; Wallm. Act. Stockh., 1854, 
P ; 308; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 65-67; Braun, Consp. Char. 
™P., p. 5 ; Braun, E. & S. Exs. 2, 3, 49, 85, 117; Nordst. & 
vVahlst. Exs. 55-61. 

U spinosa VaillantiL Rupr. Svinb. ad Hist. pi. Ross. (1846), 

P. 83. * J 

O. equi.srtina, Kiitz., Flora, 1834, i., p. 700; Tab. Phyc, vii., 
l - 08, f. 1. 

Stem stout, rough, cortical cells irregular, more or less spiral, 

le se conclary larger and more prominent, upper part of stem with 

m *ny slender, acute, spreading spine-cells. Whorls of 9-11 









132 A RRYIBW OF THE BRITISH CHARACE^E. 

spreading, or slightly incurved branchlets, stipulodes prominent. 
Branchiate of 7-9 joints, usually but 1-2 ecorticate. Bract-cells 
6-10, acute, whorled, the inner usually much longer than the 
nucule, the outer shorter, sometimes not half as long as the nucule. 
Nucule ovoid, 10-12 striate. Coronula spreading. Monoecious. 

(Tab. 208, f. 7.) 

b. macracantha. Braun, Consp. Char. Europ., p. 5. — Spine- 
and bract-cells very long. 

c. (p/nuwteles. Braun, Ann. Sc. Nat., 1834, p. 355; Kiitz. 
Tab. Pliyc, vii., t. 66, f. a.— Spine-cells few. Branchlets with 
several ecorticate joints. 

d. nidis. Braun, E. & S., Exs. (1857), 4, 86.— C. rudis, 
Braun, Consp. Char. Europ. (1867), p. 6; Nordst. & Wahlst., 
Exs. 62-66.— C. subspinosa, Rupr. Symb. ad Hist. pi. Ross. (1816), 
p. 225? — Stem more slender than in the type, secondary cortical 
colls wry strongly developed, almost hiding the primary, spine- 
beaiing cells. Bract- and spine-cells shorter and more obtuse. 



A well marked form. (Fig. 7a.) 

e. horntht.—C. horrida, Wahlst. Skand. Char. (1862), p. 24; 
Braun, Consp. Char. Europ., p. 6; Braun, B. & S., Exs. 71,87; 
Nordst. & Wahlst., Exs. 98-101. — C. baltica, var. fastigiata, 
AYallm. Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 314.— A small form. Spine-cells 
short, patent, very numerous. Branchlets straight, spreading. 

Unin crusted. 

The largest British species, sometimes 3 ft. or more in height, 
with sterile branchlets 4 in. long. Usually much incrusted. In 
ordinary forms it may be distinguished from C. tuhjari* by its 
much stouter stem, more numerous and spreading spine-cells, and 
by the presence of bracts on the outer side of the branchlets. We 
have received a very interesting sterile form from Prof. Churchill 
Babington, which resembles C. pa/dllosaKutz. (C. intermedia, Braun). 
in general nppearance. Among the specimens sent us by Mr. Curnow 
is a remarkable plant from the Lizard Downs, which we had 
considered a form of C. hupida, but, from a fresh specimen 
recently shown us by Mr. A. Bennett, it would appear to belong to 
the section having the primary cortical cells more prominent than 
the secondary, and to hold a position near C. baltica, Fries; a 
series of specimens collected later on will, no doubt, satisfactorily 
define its position. We have used the name of 0. hitpida as it has 
been so generally adopted ; and the description in ' Species 
Plantarum' might be fairly considered to include our plant, 
although the specimen in the Linnean Herbarium so labelled is 
C. aspera, and the distribution given by Linnaeus "In E W '°P* 
maritime " is scarcely applicable. C. hiepida is generally distributed 
in Europe and extends to North Africa. 

Ponds, canals, pools and fen ditches. June. Wight (and 
var. e); Hants, S. ; Sussex, W. ; Kent, E. and W. ; Surrey; 
Essex, N. ; Oxford ; Suffolk, E. and W. ; Norfolk, E. : Cambridge 
(and var. e): Northampton; Salop; Leicester; Cheshire; Yorks 



1 



A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACE^. 133 

N.E. and M.W. ; Durham (var. d) ; Roxburgh (var. d) ; Berwick ; 
Perth (and var. d, "Moss of Thurloch"); Forfar (and var. b 
Wicklow (and var. b) ; Gal way, W. ; Westmeath (and var. c 
Deny (var. c). 

Var. harridan — Golden's Common, Freshwater, Isle of Wight. 
Herb. A. G. More. 

viii. C. vulgaris, Linn. Spec. Plant. (1753), p. 1150; Wallr. 
Ann. Bot., p. 179, t. 1; Smith, E. B., 336; Bruzel., Obs. Char., 
pp. 5 and 21; ftupr. Symb. ad Hist. pL Boss., p. 80; Bab. 
A. N. H., v. (1850), p. 89; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 58, f. 1. 

C.fuuicularis and batrachosperma, Thuill Fl. Par. (1799) p. 473. 

C. fcetida, Braun, Ann. Sc. Nat., 1834, p. 354 ; Consp. Char. 
Europ., p. 5; Coss. & Germ. Atl. Fl. Par., t. 37; Gant. Oesterr. 
Char., p. 18, f. 13; Wallm. Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 304; Bab. 
Man., ed. vii., p. 461. 

C. hispida, var. gracilis, Hook. Brit. Flor., ii. (1833), p. 247. 

G. lonc/ibracteata, " Kiitz." Wallm. Act. Stockli., 1854, p. 305. 

Stem moderately branched. Primary cortical cells less promi- 
nent than the secondary, bearing few, small, obtuse, usually 
appressed, spine-cells. Whorls of 6-9 incurved, or recurved 
branchlets. Stipulodes small, obtuse. Branchlets of 5-7 (usually6) 
joints, the upper 2-3 ecorticate. Bract-cells 4, anterior, longer 
than the nucule (the posterior bract-cells are usually rudimentary). 
Nucules ovoid, 12-13 striate, 3-4 on a branclilet. Coronula 
somewbat spreading. Monoecious. (Tab. 208, f. 8.) 

b. longibracteata, Kiitz., Sp. Alg. (1849), p. 524. — C. longi* 
bracteata, Kiitz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 60, f. 1. — 6\ fcetida, var. 
lowjibracteata, Coss. & Germ. Atl. Fl. Par., t. 3, f. 7. — A large 

form with branchlets, and bract-cells much longer than in the 
type. 

t. papUkta, Wallr. Ann. Bot. (1815), p. 183. — C. decipiens, 
Besv. in Loisel. Not., 1810, p. 138? — r. collabens, Ag. Syst. Alg. 
(1824^, Introd., p. xxviii. — C. fcetida, var. papillaris, Braun, Ann. 
Sc. Nat., 1834, p. 355 ; Coss. & Germ. Atl. Fl. Par., t. 37, f. 6.— 
G. fcetida, var. subhispida, Braun, Flora, 1835, i., p. 64. — Spine- 
cells spreading, longer, and more numerous than in the type, 
deciduous, secondary cortical cjIIs usually very prominent. This 
form approaches (\ hispida. 

d. atrocirens. — C. atrovirens, Lowe, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc, 
vi. (1838), p, 551. — c. vulgaris, var. iminda, _ 
Germ. (1833), p. Ill ?_ C. fcetida, var. vninda, Braun.— C. punctata, 
Lebel.— Branchlets spreading, the upper ecorticate joints elongated, 
kpme-cells few and inconspicuous. Unincrusted, of a dark green. 

e. crassicaulis, Kiitz. Sp. Alg. (1849), p. 523. — C. crassicaulis, 
Schleicher; Kutz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 60, f. 2; Bramr Consp. 
^bar. Europ., p. 5. — C. fcetida, var, crassicaulis, Braun, Ann. Sc. 
gat., 1834, p. 355.— C. longibracteata, var. crassicaulis, Wallm. Act. 
ktockb., 1854, p. 306. — Stem stout. Bract-cells short, ovate, 
kpme-cells papilliform. Branchlets stout, connivent, with usually 



Wallr 



134 A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACEJE. 

but half the joints corticate. This is a very distinct plant, and 
ought perhaps to be regarded as a species. Fig. 8a. (Part of 
specimen in Herb. Kew, and branchlet of upper whorl.) 

A very variable species, the larger form approaching G. hispida, 
but in the smaller and ordinary forms easily distinguishable from it 
by the more slender stem and few, obtuse, appressed spine-cells. 
The variation is well summarized in Braun's ! Conspectus ■ : 
" Variat subinermis et siibhispida, macroteles et brachyteles, longibrac- 
teata et brevibracteata, elowjata et condensata, macrophylla et bra- 
chyphylla, aut strict a" u aut converyens, aut direnjens, imo refracta, 
valde incntstata, rarius munda, plerumque plurocarpa, rarissime 
melanocarpa 1 ' ; and a very careful and complete analysis of the 
forms is given by Braun in ■ Characeen Afrikas.' The name of 
C. vulgaris has recently been superseded in England, as elsewhere, 
by C.fcetida, Braun, but we have returned to the original name, 
although it is open to the same objection as most of the Linnean 
names, that it included more than the species as we now have it ; 
but the alternative name of C. ftetida, A. Br., has less claims to 
acceptance, as it has held at least three distinct values in the hands 
of its author. C. vulgaris has a world-wide distribution, being 




occurring 



. It is our commonest species, but does not appear to be 
so abundant in Ireland. 

Stagnant and slowly running water. May and June. Corn- 
wall, W. (and var. d) ; Wigbt (and var. b) ; Hants, S. (and var. b) 
Sussex, W. (and var. b) ; Sussex, E. (and var. c) ; Kent, E. and W. 
Surrey; Essex, S. and N. ; Middlesex (and var. b); Oxon 
Suffolk, W.; Norfolk, E. (var. c) ; Cambridge (and var. c) 
Bedford; Northampton; Warwick (and var. e) ; Anglesea (var. b.) 
Leicester; Nottingham; Derby; Cheshire; Lancashire, S. 
York, S.E. (var. c) ; York, N.E., S.W., and M.W. ; Durham 
Northumberland; Westmoreland; Roxburgh; Edinburgh; Fife 
Forfar; Kerry, N. ; Cork, N. (and var. b) ; Dublin (and var. b) 
Westmeath. V ; V 

Var. crassicmdis.— Coventry Park, Warwick, 1856. T. Kirk, in 
the British Museum and Kew Herbaria, &c. 

[C. contra na, Braun, which closely resembles C. vulgaris, but 
differs in having the primary cortical cells more prominent than 
the secondary, its strict habit, and smaller size ; and C. papillosa, 
Kutz. (C. intermedia, A. Br.), which bears somewhat the same 
relation to C. hispida, should be looked for.] 

§ 3. Haplostich*:. — Stem with 1 ram 



—Stem with 1 row of cortical cells to each brancMet. 

ix. C. canescens, Lois. Notice (1810), p. 139; Reich, i" 
Mussler's Handb., ed. hi., p. 1669. 

0. crinita, Wallr. Ann. Bot. (1815), p. 190, t. 3; Bruz. Obs. 
Char pp. 10 and 19; Gant. Oesterr. Char., p. 14, f. 8; Bab. 
^• N 'H., 1850, p. 88; Wallm. Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 319 ; K**- 
lab . Phyc, vn., t. 69, f. 1; Braun, Consn. Char. Europ., P- 5 '> 
i\. Dan. (1867), t. 2747; Braun, R. & S., Exs. 6, 65-68, 80; 
Nordst. & Wahlst., Exs. 23-29. 



SOME DORSET PLANT-STATIONS. 135 

Stein little branched, cortical cells large, bearing densely 
crowded, fascicled, aciculate, spine-cells. Whorls of 8-10 short, 
slightly incurved branchlets. Stipulodes long. Branchlets of 6-8 
joints, 1-2 ecorticate. Bract-cells 7-11, acute, whorled, at the 
nodes of all the corticate joints, usually nearly all exceeding the 
nucule. Nucules oval, 10-12 striate, 3-4 on a branchlet. 
Coronula small, spreading. Dioecious. (Tab. 208, tig. 9). 

A small, rigid, extremely spinous plant, usually but little 
incrusted. The globule-bearing plant is extremely rare, and in its 
absence, reproduction takes place by parthenogenesis. Although 
Loiseleur gave the grey colour (which is exceptional) as one of the 
chief characters for his species, we think, from the other characters 
given, that there is not the slightest doubt that he described an 
incrusted form of our plant ; we have therefore adopted his name 
in preference to the more recent C. crinita, Wallr. The only 
British specimen of this species we have seen is from Budock Pooi, 
near Falmouth, Bev. W. L. P. Garnons in Prof. Babington's 
herbarium ; it has been recorded from Ireland, but the plant 
cnculated under the name of C. crinita by Mr. Carroll is C. poly* 
(tcantha. Our description and drawing have necessarily been taken 
from foreign specimens. (7. canescens is recorded from Europe, 
Asia, North Africa, and North America. 

(To be continued). 



SOME DORSET PLANT-STATIONS. 

By the Bev. W. Moyle Eogees. 

I 1 Miliaria Mehagrie, L., is the only plant mentioned in the fol- 
lowing notes which I have not actually seen in the station or 
stations named. None of these stations find a place in Mr. 
^iiuisel-Pleydell's ' Flora of Dorset.' In that work the county is 
divided into seven districts, formed with reference to the river 
drainage, and distinguished in his beautifully clear map by the 
capitals A, B. C. D, E, F, G. These capitals will accordingly be 
placed before the several stations mentioned in these notes to show 
o winch of his districts such stations respectively belong. The 
Jjte of all records for Eos® and Eubi is 1879. Other records for 
districts A and E range from 1870 to 1872 ; and those for the 
j^st of the county from 1874 to 1879, most of these last (especially 
"lose for Distr. B) having been at least verified within the last two 
or three years. b 

Adonis autumnal is, L. E. Between Stoke Wake and Ansty ; 
„ l )lan t or two, on waste ground by roadside. I suppose only 

r . /,v '»'"""/'/.s- peltatus, Fries (aggregate). B. Leigh, ditches by 

r °adside on Chetnole Eoad. 

ti. lhr.urttii, Schultz. C. In pool near Lulworth Cove, 
Awards West Lulworth. 



186 SOME DORSET PLANT-STATIONS. 

R. arvensis, L. F. Eoadside between Blandford and Shil- 

lingston. 

Hell chorus falidus, L. E. Ibberton ; broken rocky waste ground 

near the churchyard; an " escape. 



Aqmlegia vulgaris, L. A. Fern Hill, near Charmouth; no 

doubt indigenous. 

Papaver Rhceas, L., b. striyosum. C. West Lulworth church- 
yard, in some quantity. 

Senebiera didyma, Pers. C. Lulworth Cove- Far less frequent 

in Dorset than in Devon. 

* Armor aria rusticana. Bab. Man. A. Banks of the Char, near 
the mouth. Well established in 1871, and apparently spreading. 

Draha rmia, L., b. braehycarpa. B. Chetnole ; the prevailing 
form, as (it appears to me) usually in S.W. England. 

Diplotaxis imtralis, DC. B. Near Yetminster railway-station; 

a few plants ; " casual. 7 ' 

Reseda sufruticulosa, L. A. Swanage beach ; " casual/' 
Polyyaht calcarea, F. Schultz. E. Woolland, on the western 

slope of Bulbarrow. 

Sagina nodosa, Meyer. C. Wool Heath. Along the base of 
Bindon Hill, between West Lulworth and Arish Mill. Very 
sparingly in the latter station. 



frequent. 



pyllift 



? 



Witl 



^ S. aquatica, Scop. Bemarkably abundant in B. Chetnole and 
neighbouring parishes ; and E. Holwell, Hazelbury Bryan, &c. 

Linum anyustifolium, Huds. A. Whitchurch Canonicorum- 
Far more local in Dorset than in Devon. 

Malva rotundi folia, L. E. Fifehead Neville. 

Hypericum montanum, L. C. Near East Lulworth, bushy road- 
side towards West Lulworth ; a few plants at intervals. 

Geranium purillum, L. C. West Lulworth. 

Oxcdis comiculata, L. B. Chetnole, garden weed. 

Rhawnus catharticus, L. B. Chetnole and Yetminster lanes, 
rather frequent. 

R. Franyula, L. A. Near Chardstock, bushy waste ground by 
road to All Saints. 

Genista tinctoria, L. C. Cliffs east of Lulworth Cove, abundant ; 
a form with stem and branches as procumbent as in the if. 
humifusa, Dicks., of the Lizard District, Cornwall, but having 
glabrous pods. 

G. anglica, L. E. Holnest Common. " i 

Lotus tenuis, Kit. C. Near Weymouth, between railway ana 
backwater; abundant, 1875. 

Vina sylratira, L. (?E.) Wood west of Dogberry turnpike 
gate, in great quantity. 

Lathyrm Xissolia, L. B. Near Chetnole, on Leigh road, a fe* 
plants at intervals. E. Fifehead Neville. _ 

L. sylvestris, L. C. Cliffs east of Lulworth Cove; but perhaps 
only as an (< escape,' ' there being ruins of a house near. 



SOME DORSET PLANT- STATIONS. IS? 

Geum rivale, L. B. Woollcombe, Bubb Down. Very local in 



W 



Contarum palustre, Li. C. Wool Heath, abundant. Local like 

the last. 

Ftiibus Lindleianus, Lees. B. Chetnole, " Bound Lane." Not 

in the * Flora of Dorset.' 

E. leacostachys , Sm. B. Yetminster; Chetnole; Leigh; frequent. 

E. Holwell. 

R. diversif vlius, Lindl. B. Chetnole and Leigh. E. Holwell. 
Not in the 'Flora of Dorset/ though Babington's 'British Rubi* 

gives " Poole, Dors. (Salter IV* for it. 

R. Balfourianus, Blox. B. Chetnole. With reference to this 
plant, Professor Babington writes to me, "I am obliged to place 
this under Balfourianus, which is an unsatisfactory aggregate 
plant." Not in the ' Flora of Dorset.' 

R. corylifolins, Sm. B. Chetnole ; rather frequent. 

E. altlmifolius , Host. B. Chetnole and Yetminster ; in great 
quantity in the two or three places where observed. Not in the 
'Flora of Dorset.' 

R. tuberculatus, Bab. B. Leigh, hedge bordering TotLel 

Common. 

Rosa tomentosa, Sm. B. Chetnole and Yetminster; in several 
places. The type and forms near it. E. Holwell. 

R. micrantha, Sm. B. Chetnole lanes, but only in two or three 
places. 

R. cani7ia,~L.:—R. lutetiana, Leman. B. Chetnole; common. 
E. Holwell. 

R. spharica, Gren. B. Chetnole, fields about "the Knoll"; 
several bushes. Not in the ' Flora of Dorset.' 

R. dumalis, Bechst., and R. nrbica, Leman. B. Chetnole and 
neighbourhood. E. Holwell. 

R. obtusifolia, Desv. B. Chetnole; Leigh; Yetminster; quite 
common. E. Holwell. Not in the ' Flora of Dorset.' 

R. ?Reuteri, Godet. B. Chetnole. "Bather Rented than 
siihcristata " is Mr. Baker's note on the label (sent with specimens), 
on which I had written " 11. f subcristata:' The large bush (or two) 
from which I gathered these specimens is the only representative 
of Mr. Baker's Subcristata group of R. cmtina that I have observed 
in Dorset; and there is no representative of the group in the 
1 Flora of Dorset.' 

R. systyla, Bast. B. Chetnole; Leigh; Yetminster; very 
common. E. Holwell. 

R. arvoisis, Huds., b. bibracteata, Bast. B. Chetnole and Yet- 
minster. Not in the ' Flora of Dorset.' 

EpUobktm tetrafjonum, L. The segregate. B. Leigh, Chetnole, 
ai nl Yetminster; more abundant than E. obscunon, Schreb., the 
soil being clayey. In ■ Topogr. Bot/ the aggregate only is recorded 
for Dorset; the 'Flora of Dorset' in this instance not distin- 
guishing the segregates. 

Ribes Gromilaria, L. C. Cliffs near Durdle-door, several 
bushes. 

T 



138 



SOME DORSET PLANT -STATIONS. 



Sedum Tdephium, L., a. purpurascens, Koch. C. Between Wool 
and West Lulworth, thicket by roadside; several plants, Sept., 
1874. Certainly a very different plant fas it grows here and in 
the Teign Valley, Devon) from b. Fabaria, Koch, which I have 
seen only close to the sea, by the " Logan Rock," between Pen- 
zance and Land's End, Cornwall. I am not surprised, therefore, 
to find Dr. Nyman, in his " Conspectus Hone Europe," treating 
them as distinct species. 

S. album, L. B. Chetnole and Leigh; on walls, rather 
frequent, but plainly only as an " escape." 

S. reflexum, L. B. Near Sherborne, roadside ; and at Chetnole. 
An " escape " in both places. 

Chrysosplenium oppositifolmm , L. B. Water lane from Bubb 
Down to Chetnole. E. Woolland. Considered by Mr. Mansel- 
Pleydell " uncommon" in Dorset. 

Petroselinum segetum, Koch. C. Lodmoor, and by Weymouth 



Backwater. 



tifoliiui), L. C. Wool Heath. 



(Enanthe punpinelloides, L. B. Chetnole and Yetminster. C. 
imiworth and neighbourhood. E. Woolland and neighourhood. 
Frequent in all. Widely distributed in Dorset and in S?E. Devon, 
but becoming scarce in W. Devon, and not yet reported from N. 
Devon or Cornwall. r 

Torilis infesta, Spreng. F. Between Hilton and Milton Abbas; 
bank by roadside. 

in iri* n'w bub \ h - , E - Wool land; in considerable quantity 
in one field between the church and the Babbit Warren. 
Aspentla cynanchica, L. E. Woolland, abundant. 

stntinfT T? /ltona .' Moench - A. Charmouth. The only Dorset 
station where I have observed it 

wJ^TT't Ua \ ThuiL ' E - Woolland, in a long strip of 
lerhllTn \ W hG P la " tati ™ ™-tn of the Rabbit Wan-en, 1871. 
situ Zn n y a casual >" though there was nothing in the 

w r^J 1 * *?™ l } nd ™gs to suggest such an origin. Not other- 
wise reported for the county. 

wh^T'T ""'■ / '"' Sdlk - E - Woollan d. The only Dorset station 
^eiPr,llv r% S f? h Ll the ' Flora of Dorif said to be 
/Sf^w^ U0 other s P ecies h eing mentioned. But 

(Che op Ex tytfl&*h is cer tainly abundant in districts B 
(OUetnole, &c), and E (Woolland). 

Hazelbnvv'V? 7V ' ; ' / "r S ' b E - R °adside over a common near 
distance. J ^ WartlS Woolland ! a few plants for a short 

ke' 2f:? nd8 ' E - W ^Uand, in a meadow towards Stoke 



Wake 



Commt nS at/l'''R > ;'^i E ; ***** Neville '> and between Holnest 
DorS Vel1 ' A PP are »% the less common species in 

KJ7^ ( \^ ni £ U "\ L ; C - By Weymouth Backwater. G. 



SOME DORSET PLANT-STATIONS. 139 

Inula crithmoides, L. C. On the limestone cliffs to the east of 
Lulworth Cove, in great quantity. 
Solatium nigrum, L. E. Woolland. 
Verbascum nigrum, L. C. Between Cerne and Dorchester, 

waste ground by roadside. The only Dorset station where I have 
seen it. 

Veronica scutellata, L. B. Marshy ground near " Totnel 
Comer," Leigh. 



V. montana, L. E. Woolland Wood. 

Orobanche major, L. E. Woolland Wood. 

Lathrcea squamaria, L. E. Stoke Wake Wood. 

Nepeta Cataria, L. C. West Lulworth, hillside towards Durdle- 
door. 

Marrubium vulyarc, L. C. Cliffs between Lulworth Cove and 
Durdle-door, appearing wild. F. Between bhillingston and 
Blandford, roadside. 

Myosotis ctfspitosa, Schultz. B. Chetnole, abundant. 

Lithospermum officinale, L. A. Underclitf near Charmouth. 

Chenopodium o/idum, Curt. C. By Weymouth Backwater, on 
western side, in two or three places, 1874. 

C po/yspermum, L. B. Chetnole. Weed in potato garden, 
abundant, 1875. 

C murale, L., and C. hybridum, L. C. West Lulworth, waste 
ground, in good quantity, 1874. 

Atriplex Babinytonii, Woods. C. Near Lulworth Cove. 

A. littoralis, L. C. Chesil beach, near Ferrybridge. 

Sahola Kali, L. C. Lulworth. 

Polygonum minus, Huds. E. Glanville's Wootton, ditch by 
roadside, 1871. 

Daphne Laureola, L. B. Stockwood Common ; and between 
Chetnole and Leigh, roadside. 

Epipactis latifolia, Auct. E. Woolland Wood, in great 
quantity. 

Ophrys apifera, Huds. E. Woolland, in same station with 
Crepis taraxacifolia ; abundant, 1871 and 1872. 

FritiUaria Meleagris, L. B. Near Chetnole (misprinted "Chet- 
side" in Mr. Pleydell's note in ■ Journ. Bot.' for last Nov.), in 
meadow on the Melbury side, away from gardens. Flowers dingy 
white. Found in fairly good quantity each spring from 1876 to 

Paris quadrifolia, L. E. Woolland, plantation at N. end of 
the warren; and Stoke Wake Wood; abundant. 

Colchicum autumnal e, L. B. Between Byrne and Berwick, bank 
b y roadside. 

Alisma ranuncidoides, L. B. Leigh, in pool near "Totnel 

Comer," Leigh. C. Wool Heath. 

Sayittaria saqittifolia, L. E. In the Stour near Sturmmster 

Newton. 

Carex distant, L. C. Lulworth Cove. 

Echinochlna crus-galU, Beauv. B. Chetnole, " casual rt garden 
weed. 



140 



SOME DORSET PLAN'T-STATIONS. 



Phalorit canarienm, L. C. West Lulwortb, " casual " weed in 
turnip field. 

Gtyceria jiuitans, Br., b. pedicellata, Towns. B. Chetnole, 
frequent. 

Sclerochloa maritima, Lindl. C. Lulwortb Cove. 

Festuca pseudo-myurus, Soyer. B. Chetnole, walls. 

Bromxis racemosus, Fries. B. Chetnole, meadows. 

Aspidium aculeatum, Sw. B. Chetnole, just beyond the last 
cottage on the Leigh road. Much less common than A. annulare, 
With., in Dorset and Devon. 

Osmunda regaUi, L. A. Undercliff by " Golden Head," near 
Charmoutb, 1871. 



Botrychium Lunaria, Sw. F. Top of Balbarrow, at intervals; 
very minute plants. 

Ophioglmum vuhjatum, L. E. Woolland, field N.W. of Wool- 
land House, in great quantity. 

The above notes refer only to plants which are either (1) 
uncommom in Dorset itself or in S.W. England generally, or 
(2) the distribution of which is very imperfectly known (as in the 
case of Iiubi and Itosa). The following stations for plants which 
are decidedly commoner, but are not known to Mr. Pleydell to 
occur m all seven districts, are in every instance given to fill a gap 
m bis Flora for the district named ; so in not a few cases fur- 
nishing just the testimony needed to prove the species in question 
to be generally distributed. 

Senebiera Coronopus, Poir. B. Chetnole. 

Sdene anylica, L. E. Woolland. 

Cemstium glomeratum, Thuil. B. Chetnole. 

Stellana uWjinosa, Murr., and Sagina apetala, L. (the segregate.) 
B. Chetnole. E. WooUand. V 

Hypericum Androsmmun, L. B. Chetnole. 

H. hunnfmum, L. E. Woolland. 

Krodium cicutarium, Herit., Lotus major, Scop., and Orobut 
tuberosits, L. B. Chetnole. 

Spirasa Filipendula, L. E. WooUand. 

Pyrut Aueuparut, Gaart. A. Near Charmoutb. E. Woolland. 

J'^piMnuni parviftorum, Schreb., E. montanum, L., Saxifraya 
truiactyiites L., and Hydrocotyle vulgaris, L. E. Woolland. 

sbyopodmm Podayraria, L. B. Chetnole. E Woolland. 
WooUancT Lmciata > Sco P" and Scabiosa Columbaria, L. E. 

Pieris Meracioides, L. B. Sherborne and Thornford Koad, by 
Honeycombe Wood. 

Carlina vulgaris, L. E. Woolland. 
benccio sylmticus, L. E. Holwell. 

& I erucifolius, L. B. Yetminster. 
Achillea Ptarmica, L. B. Leigh and Yetminster. 
laccimuvi UyrtiUus, L. B. Bubb Down. 
hrythraa Centaurium, Pers. B. Chetnole. 
ieromca Anayallh, L. E. Belchalwel. 
bcrophularut nodosa, L., and Linaria minor, Desf. B. Chetnole. 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 141 

L. Elatine, Mill., and Origanum vulgare, L. E. Woolland. 
Calamintha menthifolia , Host. B. Leigh. 
Lamium Galeobdolon, Crantz. B. Clietnole. 
L. amplexicaule, L., and Stachys arvensis, L. E. Woolland, 
Myosotis versicolor, Reich., and Lithospermum ar cense, L. A. 
Charmouth. E. Woolland. 

Cynoglossum officinale, L. A. Cliffs near Lyme Regis. 

Rumex pulcher, L., Orchis Mario, L., and 0. pyramidalis, L. 

E. WooUand. 

Allium ursiniim, L., Luzula multiflora, Koch., Car ex remota, L., 
C. vulpina, L., C. divulsa, Good., and Catabrosa aquatica, Beauv. 
B. Clietnole. 

Nephrodium dilatation, Desv. B. Clietnole. E. Woolland. 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR 

EXPEDITION OF 1875-6. 

By Henry Chichester Hart, B.A., Naturalist to H.M.S. 

i Discovery.' 

r 

(Continued from p. 115). 

I will now give a table showing what plants occur in the most 
northerly points, and the latitudes, travelling southwards, at which 
the different species appear or disappear in the meridian in which 
our observations and collections were made. In the following list 
the latitudes given after the letters E. or W. indicate the extreme 
hmits north and south between which the plant was observed upon 
the East and West coasts respectively. 

Table of Latitudes. 

Saxifraga oppositifolia. E. 82°; 68° 46'. W. 83° 8' ; 78° 45'. 

fapaver nudicaule. E. 82° ; 68° 46'. W. 83° 4' ; 78° 45'. 

Alopecurus alpinus. E. 81° 40'; 68° 46'. W. 83° 4' (?). 

kalix arctica. E. 82° 25' ; 68° 46'. W. 82° 50' ; 78° 45'. 

Uraba alpina. E. 81° 40' ; 69 15'. W. 82° 50'; 78° 45'. 

Urastium alpinum. E. 81° 40' ; 68° 46'. W. 82° 50' ; 78° 45'. 

Uryas lntegrifolia. E. 81° 40' ; 69° 15'. W. 82° 50' ; 78° 45'. 

£otentffla nivea. E. 81° 40' ; 69° 15'. W. 82° 50' ; 78° 45'. 

£oa flexuosa. E. 81° 40' ; 68° 46'; W. 82° 50'; 78° 45'. 

£raya alpina. E. 81° 40'. W. 82° 27' ; 79 ' 28'. 

oaxifraga flagellaris. E. 78° 18'. W. 82° 27'; 78° 45'. 

Uchlearia angliea. E. 72° 20'. W. 82° 27' ; 81° 42'. 

laraxacum Deus-leonis. E. 81° 40'; 69° 15'. W. 82° 27'; 
78° 45'. 

Jestuca brevifolia. E. 81° 40' ; 69° 15' ; W. 82° 27' ; 78° 45'. 
Uraba rupestris. E. 81° 40' ; 68° 46'. W. 82° 27' ; 78° 45'. 
saxifraga caspitosa. E. 81 D 40' ; 68° 46'. W. 82° 27' ; 78° 45'. 
uxyna renifonnis. E. 81° 40' ; 68° 46' ; 82° 27' ; 78° 45. 
^arex nardina. E. 81° 7' ; 69° 15'. W. 82° 27' ; 78° 45'. 



142 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 



Ranunculus nivalis. E. 81° 6'; 69° 15'. W. 82° 27' ; 81° 42'. 
Epilobium latifolium, E. 78° 18'; 69' 15'. W. 82° 27'; 78° 56'. 
Saxifraga tricuspidata. E. 78° 18' ; 69° 15'. W. 82° 27'; 78° 56' 
Arenaria verna. E. 78° 18' ; 69° 15'. W. 82° 27' ; 78° 45'. 
Stellaria longipes. E. 78° 18' ; 69° 15'. W. 82° 27' ; 78° 45'. 
Saxifraga nivalis. E. 78° 18'; 68° 46'. W. 82° 27 ; 78° 45'. 
Polygonum viviparum. E. 72° 48' ; 68° 46'. W. 82° 27' ; 78° 45'. 
Eriophorum polystackyum. E. 72° 48'; 69° 15'. W. 82° 27'; 

78° 56'. 
Carex fuliginosa. E. 72° 48' ; 69° 15'. W. 82° 27' ; 78° 45'. 
Ranunculus affinis. E. 69° 15'. W. 82° 27' ; 81° 42'. 
Cerastium latifolium. E. 69° 15'. W. 82° 27' ; 78° 56'. 
Juncus biglumis. E. 69° 15'. W. 82° 27' ; 78° 56'. 
Lycbnis apetala (typical). E. 78° 18'. W. 81° 52'; 78° 45'. 
Pedicularis hirsute. E. 81° 7' ; 69° 15'. W. 81° 52' ; 78° 45'. 
Carex rigida. E. 78° 18' ; 69° 15'. W. 81° 52' ; 78° 45'. 
Lychnis affinis. E. 81° 40' ; 69° 15'. W. 81° 50' ; 78° 56'. 
Luzula arcuate. E. 78° 18' ; 72° 48'. W. 81° 49' ; 78° 45'. 
Cardamine bellidifolia. E. 78° 18'; 69° 15'. W. 81° 47'; 81° 42'. 
Cystopteris fragilis. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 44' ; 78° 45'. 
Arenaria groenlandica. W. 81° 42'. 
Deschampsia caespitosa. W. 81° 42'. 
Androsace septentrionalis. W. 81° 42' ; 81° 40'. 
Phippsia algida. E. 76°. W. 81° 42' ; 79° 30'. 
Hesperis Pallasii. E. 78° 18' ; "YV. 81° 42'. 
Pedicularis capitate. E. 78° 18'. W. 81° 42' ; 73° 56'. 
Carex stans. E. 72° 20'. W. 81° 42' ; 78° 56'. 
Vesicaria arctica. E. 81° 40' ; 69° 42'- W. 81° 42' ; 78° 56'. 
Luzula congesta. E. 81° 40' ; 69° 15'. W. 81° 42'. 
Draba hirta. E. 81° 40' ; 69° 15'. W. 81° 42' ; 78° 56'. 
Cochlearia officinalis. E. 81° 40' ; 69° 15'. W. 81° 42' ; 78° 45'. 
Potentilla frigida. E. 81° 40' ; 69° 15'. W. 81° 42' ; 78° 45'. 
Poa alpina. E. 81° 40' ; 69° 15. W. 81° 42 ; 78° 45'. 
Colpodium latifolium. E. 72° 48'; 69° 15'. W. 81° 42'. 
Trisetum subspicatum. E. 72° 20' ; 69° 15'. W. 81° 42'. 
Cardamine pratensis. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 42'. 
Erigeron compositus. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 42'. 
E. uniflorus. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 42'. 
Equisetum variegatum. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 42'. 
Draba muricella. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 42'. 
Equisetum arvense. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 42'; 78° 56'. 
Pedicularis lapponica. E. 78° 18° ; 69° 15'- W. 81° 42' ; 78° 56 . 
Saxifraga cernua. E. 78° 18' ; 69° 15'. W. 81° 42' ; 78° 45'. 
Pedicularis sudetica. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 42' ; 78° 56'. 
Poa ciesia. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 42' ; 78' 56'. 
Eriophorum capitatum. E. 78° 18' ; 69° 15'. W. 81° 42' ; 78° 45 . 
Glyceria angustata. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 42'; 78° 45'. 
Arnica montana. E. 69° 15'. W. 81° 40'. 
Saxifraga rivularis. E. 78° 18'; 69° 15'. W. 81° 40'; 78° 45'. 
Silene acaulis. E. 72° 48'; 68° 46'. W. 81° 40'; 78° 5&. 
Woodsia hyperborea. W. 78° 56'. 



BOTANY 



143 



»/ 



•r/ 



W. glabella. W. 78° 56'. 

Vaccinium uliginosuru. E. 78° 18' ; 68° 46'. W. 78° 56 

Cassiopeia tetragona. E. 78° 18'; 68° 46'. W. 78° 56' • 

Carex alpina. E. 72°20 / . W. 78° 56'. 

Pedicularis flammea. E. 72° 20'; 69° 15'. W. 78° 56'. 

Hierochloe alpina. E. 72° 20'; 69° 15'. W. 78° 56'. 

Lycopodium Selago. E. 72° 20'; 69° 15'. W. 78° 56'. 

Potentilla anserina. E. 78° 18' ; 72° 20'. W. 78° 45'. 

Empetrum nigrum. E. 78° 18'; 68° 46'. W. 78° 45'.' 

Enopborum vaginatum. E. 78° 18'; 72° 20'. 

Poa pratensis. E. 78° 18'; 72° 20'. 

Stellaria humifusa. E. 78° 18' ; 69° 15'. 

Diapensia lapponica. E. 72° 58'; 68° 46 

Sahx lierbacea. E. 72° 48'; 69° 15'. 

Eanunculus hyperboreus. E. 72° 48'; 69° 15'. 

&■ pygmams. E. 72° 48'; 69° 15'. 

-Draba androsacea. E. 72° 48'; 69° 15'. 

Antennaria alpina. E. 72° 48'; 68° 46'. 

lurntis mollis. E. 72° 20'. 

C. capillaris. E. 72° 20'. 

Pbleum alpinum. E. 72° 20'. 

■Ranunculus lapponicus. E. 72° 20'; 69° 15 

Areriana arctica. E. 72° 20'; 69° 15'. 

Alcbemilla vulgaris. E. 72° 20'; 69° 15'. 

Umpanula uniflora. E. 72° 20'; 69° 15'. 

loflieldia borealis. E. 72° 20'; 69° 15'. 

Jjuzula spadicea. E. 72° 20'; 69° 15'. 

Urex scirpoides. E. 72° 20' ; 69° 15'. 

^oiseluria procumbeus. E. 72° 20'; 68° 46'. 

jjnododendron lapponicus. E. 72° 20'; 68° 46'. 

^nyiiodoce taxifolia. E. 72° 20'; 68° 46'. 

oaxilraga Aizoon. E. 69° 55'; 69° 15'. 

^yciims alpina. E. 69° 42'; 69° 15'. 

4 aUctrum al P in "na. E. 69° 15'. 
Arab 18 alpina. E. 69° 15'. 
^i-aba mcana. E. 69° 15'. 
Aotentilla Sibbaldia. E. 69° 16. 
P Edentata. E. 69° 15'. 
JPUobium alpinum. E. 69° 15'. 
*ngenca archangelica . E . 69° 1 5'. 
^teniisia borealis. E. 69° 15'. 

uaphalium norvegicum. E. 69° 15'. 
Vyanula rotundifolia. E. 69° 15'. 
^da-omeda poHfolia. E. 69° 15'. 
^eite nsia maritima. E. 69° 15'. ' 
*eromca alpina. E. 69° 15'. 



v^baxat^ E.69'15. 

W a alpuia - E - W 15'. 
£" a vu] garis. E. 69° 15'. 

**« acetosella. E. 69° 15'. 



144 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 



Koenigia islandica. E. 69° 15'. 
Salix glauca. E. 69° 15'. 
Habenaria albida. E. 69° 15'. 
Betulanana. E. 69° 15'.. 
Listera corclata. E. 69° 15'. 
Platanthera liyperborea. E. 69° 15'. 
Juncus triglumis. E. 69° 15'. 
Carex rupestris. E. 69° 15'. 
C. rarifiora. E. 69° 15'. 
Scirpus csespitosus. E. 69° 15'. 
Elymus arenarius. E. 69° 15'. 
Woodsia ilvensis. E. 69° 15'. 
Polypodiurn Dryopteris. E. 69° 15'. 
Polystichum Lonchitis. E. 69° 15'. 
Lycopodium annotiiium. E. 69° 15'. 
Ledum palustre. E. 69° 15' ; 68° 46°. 
Pyrola rotundifolia. E. 69° 15'; 68° 46'. 
Saxifraga stellaris. E. 68° 46'. 
Polygonum aviculare. E. 68° 46'. 
Viola palustris. E. 68° 46'. 

In the above table the plants are rigorously arranged in the 
order of their highest latitude ; this seemed to me to be the only 
accurate arrangement in such a list, though it sometimes places 
ubiquitous plants above those which are genuine northerners; thus, 
for instance, Cystopteris fray ilk will be found above several of the 
higher arctic plants, but a reference to the lower limit will point 
out its true character. Again, had I consulted other authors, 
several plants would have had their ranges somewhat altered, but 
here, as elsewhere throughout this essay, I have relied entirely 
upon my own observations and collections, or upon those of 
members of our Expedition. 

DlCOTYLEDONES. 

Ranunculacea; . 
Thalictrum alpimim, L. 

Dint.* 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Plentiful at sea-level amongst Luzula spadicea at Englishman's 
Bay, Disco, to the west of Lievely. 

Ranunculus auricomus, L. (/,'. affinis, Br.) 

Di st. 12 12 13. Lat. 69° 15' to 82° 27'. W. &<*. 

To this form I am inclined to refer Professor Oliver's variety of 
ti.niraiis, "floribusminoribus, pilis calycinis pallidioribus" ('Nares 
Voyage,' vol. ii., p. 310, ed. 1878). It flowered earlier than the 
true /.'. nivalis, and disappeared quickly, preferring ground slusby 
with the first thaw at a high altitude. In Discovery Bay it was 
confined to a plain from eight to twelve hundred feet above sea 



* Abbreviations.— II. W. ]'., Captain H. W. Feilden, naturalist to H.M.S. 
♦Alert'; Cull. Moss, collections of Dr. Moss, of H.M.S. 'Alert'; 'Coll. Copp- 
collections of Dr. Coppinger, of H.M.S. ' Discovery'; Dist., District. E., «•' 
and G., ond the district numbers, are previously explained. 



SHORT NOTES. 145 



level, lying to the west of the ship. I also gathered a couple of 
specimens at Disco with pale hairy sepals, stem hairy, with several 
flowers, channelled peduncles, and smooth carpels, which, I believe 
belonged to this species. ' ' 

Shift Eudder Bay and Floeberg Beach, coll. Moss. 

B, nivalis, L. 

Bist. 1 2 3 4 5 - 7 - - 10 - 12 13. Lat. 69° 15' to 82° 27'. 
E., \V., and G. 

Flowering later than the last in Discovery Bay, but remaining 
in blow throughout the summer. Appears to have no choice of 
station, either with regard to altitude or nature of soil, but growing 
more luxuriantly at low levels. A favourite food of the brent goose 
(Bermcla brenta). In flower June 17, in Discovery Bay. 

Floeberg Beach (Moss coll.) 

From sea-level to 2000 feet near St. Patrick's Bay. 

(To be continued). 



SHORT NOTES. 



Jcngermannia exsecta in fruit.— While out botanising latelv 
witli my friend Mr.E. M. Holmes, we came upon a very fine patch 

oi Jungermannia exsecta growing on a bank' not far from Trant 

Ration, Tonbndge Wells. A few, though certainly only a few, 
Plants were unmistakeably in fruit. This species does not appear 
to Have been observed in fruit in England before.— Thos. "" 



Walker 



Sprin- 



g-flowering Form of Colchicum autumn ale. — On the 



^oui of March I was taking a cross-country walk a few miles from 
nstol, and passed through some pasture land previously unex- 

th°- e a ° ne large field a <i uan t% of daffodils were putting up 

^neir flower-buds, and amongst them were distributed the flowers 

iiiQt ° cum - They appeared here and there over a large area, 
colo Peeping above the soil » and, from their small size and pale 
and U ^' Were no ^ a * a ^ cons picuous. The flowering corm is large 
Oct 1 Ump ' "* tbe same con(lit ion in which we usually find it in 
Peri th TllG pe . riantu tuue is radical, as in the normal form; 
ant) ? ma ^> wit h narrow segments, pale and sickly in colour ; 
tins li snnvelled > n °t containing pollen. My supposition is that 
it l^f n °t prove to be a permanent form of the plant. I think 
(level 6 ^ tbe y° un g corms were seriously impeded in tbeir 

tbrou°^ me f \ ^ * be unusua Hy wet and cold weather prevailing 
not n? j summer » and that many of them, therefore, were 

tbem t t0 flower before tbe first frosts of winter compelled 

flower 1)0 ^tpone the effort altogether. One record of a spring 

kb uqo\ cbicuui is con tained in 'English Botany,' where 

a Pd' m - i ' a " m onstrosity " is figured, bearing an abortive 

which 1,S apen nower in the position at the base of the leaves 

Varietv 1S occu P ie(1 by the capsule wben fruit is produced. This 

y was found in Wiltshire, and is stated to have occurred 

u 



146 SHORT NOTES. 

during many seasons. Eeference is made to it in Hooker and 
Arnott and the ' Student's Flora/ Probably it has never been 
found elsewhere. It is quite a distinct form from that I describe. 
Mr. J. G. Baker, to whom I forwarded a specimen, has been kind 
enough to answer my enquiries, and tells me that he had never 
previously seen any spring flowering plant of this species. I may 
add that I have since found it sparingly in another locality.— 
Jas. W. White. [Mr. Baker notes upon this as follows : — M This 
Bristol plant is the ordinary spring form of C. autumn ale, figured 
in Eeich. Ic. Germ. fig. 951=0, vemum, Schrank— 6'. vernale, 
Hoffm.=C pracox, Spenner. That in Eng. Bot. has a much 
larger limb, and is green outside."] 



Silene eu-gallica in Jebsey. — In June, 1879, I found on 
Gallows' Hill, St. Helier's, Jersey, a profusion of Silene quinque- 
vulnera, L., and, upon examining the spot more minutely, detected 
S. g alliea, L., with other forms of what is doubtless one Protean 
species, to which the collective name of gallica ought properly to 
be applied. Most British authors now sink S. quinquevulnera into 
a variety of either anglica or gallica. In the last (seventh) edition 
of the ■ London Catalogue of British Plants,' however, it is given 
specific importance, and this must be my chief apology in dilating 
upon what, to those who have studied this genus, may appear so 
evident a fact. Dr. Boswell (Eng. Bot., vol. ii., pp. 59-61) takes, 
in all probability, the correct view of the case, in making S. gallica 
the typical aggregate form, and S. quinquevulnera and anglica sub- 
ordinates. S. gallica is, however, much nearer the former of these 
than the latter, being really only an albino state of S. quinque- 
vulnera. It is rarely that so good a field for research as to these 
plants uuder consideration is found as this St. Helier's locality, 
for, altogether, five forms were observed, all merging into one 
another, as follows : — 

1. S. gallica, L. — Stem erect, branches ascending, not spreading, 
racemes dense, petals roundish, obvate, large in proportion, un- 
divided, entirely white. 

2. S. gallica rosea=S. silvestris, Schott. — Precisely as the above, 
but petals unicolorous, rose merging by every gradation into 

3. S. quinquevulnera, L., which resembles Nos. 1 and 2 in every 
way, excepting in the conspicuous red disk of the petals. 

4. S. (inglico-quinquevulnera, which occurred but rarely, was of 
erect growth, but more slender in every part than typical S. quinque- 
vulnera. Petals very small, somewhat jagged, of the size of S. 
anglica, but with the red disk of the preceding form. 

5. S. anglica, L.— Stem somewhat flexuous, branches spreading, 
racemes not so dense as in S. gallica. Petals elliptical, often 
jagged, very small, entirely white : occurred very rarely, and only 
m one place on the hill. 

Form 2 is doubtless the 8. rilvatru, Schott, figured in Reicb. 
J? lor. Germ, et Helvetiae : form 4 I cannot find has been noticed 
before.— J. Cosmo Melvill. 



147 



Sxtvarts an* Notices of i&oofcs * ittcmofr 



*VW GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHANEROGAMS PUBLISHED 

IN PERIODICALS IN BRITAIN IN 1870. 

The periodicals referred to in the compilation of this list are :— 
j Botanical Magazine," Gardeners' Chronicle,' 'Icones Plantarum,' 
'Journal of Botany,' 'Journal of the Linnean Society of London,' 
and ' Pharmaceutical Journal.' 

Abies Mariesii, Hasten (Coniferae).— Japan. (Gard. Chron., ii., 

788, cum ic.) 

Acalypha SPINESCEN s, Benth. (Euphorbiaceae, Crotone®). — 
Malaya. (Ic. Plant., t. 1292.) 

Acineta sulcata, Echb. f. (Orchidacea).— S. America. (Gard. 
Chron., i., p. 652.) 

jEchmjea Burchellii, Baker (Bromeliaceae). — Brazil. (Journ. 
Bot., p. 231.) V ; V 

•jE. Cumingh, Baker.— Colombia. (Journ. Bot., p. 227.) 
M. cymoso-paniculata, Baker. — Venezuela. (Journ. Bot., p. 165). 
M. nACTYLiNA, Baker.— Panama. (Journ. Bot., p. 161.) 
<*;. dichlajiydea, Baker.— Tobago. (Journ. Bot., p. 133.) 
M. excayata, Baker.— Paraguay. (Journ. Bot., p. 134.) 
&. Glaziovu, Baker.— Bio Janeiro. (Journ. Bot., p. 133.) 
M. martinicensis, Baker. — Martinique. (Journ. Bot., p. 132.) 
■*}• mexicana, Baker.— Mexico. (Journ. Bot., p. 165.) 
-J. pectinata, Baker.— Brazil. (Journ. Bot., p. 233.) 
M. polycephala, Baker.— Jamaica. (Journ. Bot., p. 164.) 
JE. pubescens, Baker.— 8. America. (Journ. Bot., p. 135.) 
■g. Regularis, Baker.— Brazil. (Journ. Bot., p. 229.) 
A. subinermis, Baker.— Rio Janeiro. (Journ. Bot., p. 228.) 
Albuca Wakefieldii, Baker (LiliacesB).— Trop. Africa. (Bot. 
M ag., t. 6429.) V ' 

Alocasia scabriuscula, N. E. Broun (Araceae). — N. W. Borneo. 
(Gard. Chron., ii., 296.) 

97nc\ NDR0CYMBIUM ciRcinatum, Baker (ColchicaceaB). — Cape. (Drege, 

4 ' u <j). (Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 443.) 

A. pauestinum, Baker.— Syria. (Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 445.) 
Anemone Pavoniana, Bom. Herb. (Kanunculaceae). — Spain. 

(Journ. Bot., p . 196.) * 

A. Rossn, S. Moore ( Kanunculaceae ) . — N. China. (Journ. Linn. 

^c, xvii., 376.) 

Aphelandra pumila, Hort. Bull. (Acanthacere).— Brazil. (Bot. 
Ma S-, t. 6467.) .;.-/•.- 

CT«, I ^ EGIA DISC0L °R. Lercsched- Lerier (JRanunculaceae). — Spain. 

( J ourn. Bot., p . 197.) 

Arabis cantabrica, LerescheA- Lerier (Cruciferae).— Spain. (Journ. 
X5ot -. p. 197.) 



148 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 



Aris^ema 



7 

(Gard. Chron., ii., p. 102.) 



Sikkim Himalaya. 



/« 



> 



Aristolochia mollissima, Hemes (AristolochiaceaB). — China. 
(Journ. Bot., p. 300.) 

A. promissa, Masters. — W. Trop. Africa. (Gard. Chron., i., p. 494.) 
Arxocrinum glabrum, Baker (Colchicacese). Australia. (Journ. 

Linn. Soc, xvii., 416.) 

Aster Townshendu, Hook. f. (Composite). — Colorado. (Bot. 
Mag., t. 6430.) 

Betula exaltata, S. Moore (Betulaceae). — N. China. (Journ. 
Linn. Soc, xvii., 386.) 

Bolbophyllum Beccarii, Rchb. /. (Orchidacese). — Borneo. 
(Gard. Chron., i., p. 41.) 

Brassia antherotes, Rchb 
p. 782. 

B. cryptopthalma, lichb. /.— Peru. (Gard. Chron., ii., p. 554.) 
Burbidgea, Hook. f. ( Zingiberaceae ) : B. nitida. — Borneo. 

(Bot. Mag., t. 6403.) 

Camellia Grijsu, Hance (TernstrmceiaceaB).— China. (Journ. 
Bot., p. 9.) V ; 

Campanula acutangula, Leresche A Levier (Canipanulacese) 
Spam. (Journ. Bot., p. 198.) 

C. absubgens, Levier & Leresche.— Spain. (Journ. Bot., p. 199. 
Carludovica ensiformis, Hook. /'. (Cyclantheas).— Costa Bica. 

(Bot. Mag., t. 6418.) 

Caryota ochlandra, Hance (Palmncess).— China. (Journ. Bot., 



p. 176.) 




/. (Orchidacese).— New 



Granada. (Gard. Chron., ii., p. 648.) 

Choriophyllum, Benth. (Euphorbiacea>) : 



,, . _ ■ - .~ »*,*«» W x«uo«? i . C MALAYANUM 

Malaya. (Ic. Plant., t. 1280.) 

, n C * rr hopetalum Makoyanum, Rchb. f. (Orchidaceas).— Brazil. 
(Gard. Chron., I, p. 234.) 

Ccelodepas Wallichianum, Jimih. (Eunhorbiacese, Crotoneae). 
Penang. (Ic. Plant., t. 1288.) 

Colchicum corsicum, Baker (Colchicaceie).— Corsica. (Journ. 
Linn. Soc, xvii., 431.) 

C. persicum, Baker.— Persia. (Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 430.) 
O. biBTHORPii, Baker.— Greece. (Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 427.) 
Orassula impressa, X.E. Broan (Crassulaceffi).— South Africa. 
(Gard. Chron., ii., p. 238.) 

- CR o°q C ^ KxKKn ' Maw ( Iri(J aceae).— Dardanelles. (Gard. Chron., 

Cymbidium Lowunum, 7,'c/ti./. (OrchidacetB).— Burma. (Gard. 
Chron., i., p. 332.) v ; 

Cypripedium Mastersunum, Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae).— Sonda. 
(Gard. Chron., n., p. 102.) ' V 

Dendrobium cerinum, Rchb. /. (Orchidaonu).— Malaya. (Gard. 
Chron., n., p. 554.) v ; J 

n *?' f USCUM > R - D > ^"•"/d.-Australia. (Gard. Chron., ii., 

p. OoO.j v 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 149 

D. leucochlobum, RcJib.f.— Moulmein. (Gard. Chron.,i.,p.202.) 
Dic(elia, Benth. (Euphorbiaceas, Phyllantheae) : D. Becca- 
riana.— Borneo, Beccari, 1397. (Ic. Plant., t. 1289.) 

DlOSCOREA VITTATA. Hort. Bull. fDiosporeA.r,Pa^ _ ~ 



Mag., t. 6409.) 



Baliia. (Bot. 

Bracjena flobibunda, Baker (Liliaceae).— Bodriguez ? (Bot. 

Mag., t. 6447.) V 

Bracocephaltjm sinense, S. Moore (Labiate).— N. China. 
(Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 385.) 

Ebermaiera nitida, 5. Moore (Acanthaceae).— Brazil. (Gard. 
Chron., i., p. 812.) 

Echiochilon longiflorum, Benth. (Borragineas). — Aden. (Ic. 
Plant., t. 1277.) 

Echioglossum striatum, Rchb. *. (Orclridaceas).— Barjeeling. 
(Gard. Chron., ii., p. 390.) 

Epidendrum palpigeruji, Rchb. f. (Orchidaceaa). — Mexico. 
(Gard. Chron., ii., p. 40.) 

Euphrasia disperma, Hook. f. (Scrophulariaceae). — New 
Zealand. (Ic. Plant., t. 1283.) 

Eremurus albocitrinus, Baker (LiliaceaB). — Persia. (Journ. 
Bot., p. 17.) 

E. Bungei, Baker. — Persia. (Journ. Bot., p. 17.) 



E. luteus, Baker.— Persia. (Journ. Bot., p. 18.) 

E. pauciflorus, Baker. — Persia. (Journ. Bot., p. 18.) 



Fluggea 



HII 



India 



ourn 



(Griffith, 5839). (Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 502.) 

[FONTANESIA CHINENS] " """ " 

F. Fortunei, Carriere. 

Goniosporum holocheilum, Hance (Labiate). — China. (Journ. 
Bot., p. 13.) 

Gladiolus brachyandrus, Baker (Iridaceae). — Trop. Africa. 

(Bot. Mag., t. 6463.) 

Hedyotis ampliflora, Ranee (Rubiacete). — China. 
Bot ;v p. 11.) l ; 

CAPITULIFLORA, Hail 



ourn 



H. effusa, Hance.— China. (Journ. Bot., p. 11.) 

Hymenocallis macrostephana, Baker ( Amaryllidaceas) . (Gard. 
Uiron., i., p . 430.) 

Iphigenia guineensis, Baker (Colchicace*e). — Angola (Wei- 
kitsch, 1625-26). (Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 451.) 
I. nov.e-zelandle, Baker. — New Zealand. (lb.) 

I. pallida, Baker.— India, (lb.) 

/t i ^ CKXI A africana, Benth. (Apocynaceae).— W. Trop. Africa. 
(Ic- Hant., t. 1276.) 

Leontice microrrhyncha, S. Moore (Berberidese).— N. China. 
(Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 377.) 

Leptocarpus disjunctus, Mast. (Restiaceas). — Cochin China. 
(Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 344.) 

Linaria faucicola, Lecier 6 Leresche (Scrophulariaceae). — Spain. 
(Journ. Bot., p. 200.) 

^ hlicaulis, £om.— Spain. (Journ. Bot., p. 200.) 



150 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

Lepidotukus laxiflorus, Bth. (Euphorbiacege). — Trop. Africa 
(Schweinfurth, nn. 2956, 3072). (Ic. Plant., t. 1297.) 

Limatodes labrosa, Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae). — Moulmein. (Gard. 
Chron., i., p. 202.) 

Liparis tricallosa, Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae), 
Chron., i., p. 684, 

Lycaste Locusta, Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae). — Peru. (Gard. 
Chron. i., p. 524.) 

M^sobotrya, Benth, (Euphorbiacese, Phyllantheae) : M. flori- 
bunda.— Tropical Africa. (Ic. Plant., t. 1296.) 

Masdevallia Backhousiana, n. sp. (n. var. ?) Rchb. f. — New 
Granada. (Gard. Chron., i., p. 716.) 

M. Parlatoreana, Rchb.,/. (n. sp. vel n. hybr.) — Peru. (Gard. 
Chron., i., 172.) 

Mellera, S. Moore (Acanthacese) : M. lobulata. — Trop. 
Africa. (Journ. Bot., p. 225, tab. 203.) 

Microstylis calophylla, Rchb. f. (Orchidace^). — Malaya. 
(Gard. Chron., ii., p. 718.) 

M. metallica, Rchb. /.— Borneo. (Gard. Chron., ii., p. 750.) 

Moquilea organensis, Miers. — Brazil. (Journ. Linn. Soc, 
xvii.. 374J 



i., p. 298.) 

O. ELEGANS (n, 

Chron., i., p. 463.) 



/ 



j 



/• 






Oncidium leuconotis, Rchb. f. (Orchidace®).— Columbia 
(Gard. Chron., ii., p. 424.) 

0. ornithopodum, Rchb. f. (Gard. Chron., ii., p. 200.) 
0. pyxidophorum, Rchb. f. (Gard. Chron., ii., p. 136.) 
Ornithogalum (Heliocharmos) armeniacum, Baker (Liliacese). 

Armenia. (Gard. Chron., i., p. 748.) 

Pachystoma Thomsonianum, Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae).— Trop. 

Africa. (Gard. Chron., ii., p. 582.) 

P^onia oreogeton, 8. Moore (Raminculacea).— N. China. 

(Journ. Linn., Soc, xvii., 376.) 

Passiflora chelidonia, Masters (Passifloreaj).— Ecuador. (Gard. 
Chron., ii., p. 40, cumic, 



rELIOSANTHES 

(Griffith, 5840.) (journ 



Ind 



P. macrophylla, Wall MSS.~ India '( Griffith , 5841). (lb- 

p. 505.) v 



p. 684.) 

P. Klab 
ii., p. 167.) 



/■ 



>chorum, Uchb.f.— S.America. (Gard. Chron.,i.,p.6 84 ' 

rANm, ilchb.f.—S. America. (Gard. Chron., ii., P- 424.) 

,n '"'—"" 0P8IS antennifera, Rchb. f. (Orchidacea;)-— Burma. 
(Gard. Chron., i., p. 898.) 

P. Cormngivn-a, Rchb.f. (Gard. Chron.. i.. v. 620.) 



PlPTOSPATHA 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 151 

N. Borneo. 



(Gard. Chron., i., p. 138, cum icone.) 

Polystachya rufinula, Bchb. f. (Orchidaceae). —Zanzibar . 
(Gard. Chron., i., p. 41.) 

Polygala areguensis, A. W. Benn. (Polygalaceae). Paraguay. 
(Journ. Bot., p. 201.) 

P. austkalis, A. W. Benn. S. America. (Journ. Bot., p. 203.) 
P. boliviensis, A. W. Benn.-— Bolivia. (Journ. Bot., p. 171.) 
P. Dabwiniana, A. W. Benn. — Patagonia. (Journ. Bot., p. 203.) 
P. Gayii, A. W. Benn.— Chile. (Journ. Bot., p. 168.) 
P. leucantha, A. W. Benn. — Paraguay. (Journ. Bot., p. 172.) 
^ ' " r .Benn. — S. America. (Journ. Bot., p. 172.) 

A. W. limn. — Paraguay. (Journ. Bot., 



NEMORALIS, 
P. PARAGUAYENSIS 

p. 173.) 



P. Pearch, A. W. Benn.— Bolivia. (Journ. Bot., p. 201.) 

P. persistens, A. W. Benn. — Chile. (Journ. Bot., p. 170.) 

P. peruviana, A. W, Benn. — Peru. (Journ. Bot.. p. 173.) 

P. punctata, A, W. Benn.— Paraguay. (Journ. Bot., p. 172.) 

P. Spruceana, A. W. Benn. — Venezuela. (Journ. Bot., p. 203.) 

P. Salviniana, A. W. Benn. — Guatemala. (Journ. Bot., 
p. 203.) 

Phyllorachis, Trimen (Grammes) : P. sagittata. — Angola. 
(Journ. Bot., p. 353, tab. 205.) 

Physostigma cylindrospermum, Holmes (Leguminosse). — Trop. 
Africa. (Pharmaceutical Journal, May 10, p. 913.) 

Pimpinella siifolia, Leresche (Umbelliferae). — Spain. (Journ. 



Bot., p. 198.) 
Q 



Q 



Namaqualand. (Gard. Chron., ii., p. 8, cum ic.) 

Ranunculus M(ellendorffii, Ilunce (Ranunculaceaa). — N. 
Clhna. (Journ. Bot., p. 7.) 

Sempervivum Boissieri, Hort. (Crassulaceae). (Gard. Chron., ii., 
p. 39.) K 

S. triste, Hon. (Gard. Chron., ii., p. 39.) 

Schcenocaulon Coulteri, Baker (Colchicacea;). — Mexico. 
(Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 477.) 

S. intermedium, Baker.— Mexico (Coulter, 1568, 1570). (lb.) 

Spenceria, Trimen (Rosaceas) : S. ramalana. — W. China. 
(Journ. Bot., p. 97, tab. 201.) 

Stanhopea Florida, Bchb. f. (Orcliidacere). (Gard. Chron., u., 
P. 615.) V 



P- 40.) 



Beichenbachiana, Regel. — S. America. (Gard. Chron., ii., 



OTILBANTHUS, Hook.f. rui( , iB 

liimalaya. (I c . Plant., t. 1286.) 



Sikkim, 



ourn 



Iofieldia himalaica, Baker (Colchicacea3). — Sikkim. (. 
L "in. Soc, xvii., 489.) 

Tovaria Rossu, Baker (Liliaceae).— N. China. (Journ. Linn. 
Soc, xvii., 387.) ■• mmv J 

K Twcyrtis formosana, Baker (Colchicacese).— Formosa (Oldham, 
& 70). (Journ. Linn. Soc. xvii., 465.) 



152 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 



Veeateum Maximowiczii, Baker (ColchicacejB). — Japan. 
(Journ. Linn. Soc, xvii., 472.) 

Viola hirtipes, 8. Moore (Violaceae). — N. China. (Journ. 
Linn. Soc, xvii., 379.) 

Zingiber coloratum, N.E.Brown (Zmgiberaceae). — N. W. 
Borneo. (Gartl. Chron., ii., p. 166.) 



European Ferns. By James Britten, F.L.S. With Coloured 

Illustrations from Nature by D. Blair, F.L.S. London : 
Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. 

This is the title of a work now being issued in parts, and 
which is intended to bring before the student those species of 
Ferns wbich are natives of Europe. There is no illustrated book 
which occupies the same ground. We have many works with 
illustrations varying from woodcuts to nature-prints, representing 
the Ferns of the British Isles, but there are none which take in the 
Ferns of the surrounding continent. This is no doubt a recom- 
mendation to the present work from the publisher's point of view. 

The book is projected as a popular, not a scientific, treatise, and 
to this fact, as we take it, is to be attributed what we regard as its 
weakest point. The coloured plates, we are told, are its special 
characteristic, and these coloured plates have been made into 
pictures in a manner which interferes with their utility. They are 
reduced figures of the ferns in situ ; and the reduction of the larger 
species necessary to bring them within the size of the plates, 
though the page is a quarto, so far alters their appearance, that 
they do not present to the eye such a picture of the plant as would 
always serve to secure the recognition of the original. This is no 
fault of the artist's ; he has drawn his subjects accurately enough, 
but as we think always happens a reduced coloured figure, unlike 
a reduced woodcut, does not give an accurate notion of the original, 
it would have been better to have introduced woodcuts showing 
the character and habit of each plant, and a coloured portion, as 
much as the size of the page would allow, natural size, showing its 
lorm its mode of division, and its fructification. In other respects 
the hgures are quite satisfactory ; those of the smaller species, 
winch are of the natural size, are indeed very good, and make one 
ail the more regret that in some of the other plates, Davallia 
canarienm in particular, the greater amount of work in the 
diminished figure has been expended with so imperfect and 
unsatisfactory a result. 

™ n J h A d ? si S n ° f tlie b ook being popular, the text is of course 
worked out on the popular plan. The scientific style is altogether 
oiopped ; no technical generic or specific characters are given, but 
instead there is given a plain and easy and carefully written 
description of the plant, while a notice of the geographical distri- 
bution of each affords material for an interesting paragraph. A 
note, as a heading to the chanter on «urfi ^„» ~£w the chief 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 153 

peculiarities presented by the different species, supplies the place 
of a technical generic character. 

An Introduction, of which instalments are given in the half- 
dozen parts before us, and of which the extent is not yet 
apparent, will be extremely useful to the general reader, whom we 
may suppose to be entirely ignorant of fern structure ; and to whom 
therefore an intelligible account of the nature of the several parts 
of which a fern is composed is of great importance as a means 
towards the understanding of the book. 

Thus it will be seen that the text comprises—first an intro- 
duction explanatory of the structure of ferns in general, in- 
cluding a sketch of their geographical range, and passing on to 
the main features of their cultivation ; and secondly, an account 
of the peculiarities and variations of each genus, and a full 
description of the species which form the subject of the illus- 
trations. This is clearly and accurately written, and sufficiently 
attests that the author has the subject well in hand. The plates, 
which, as we have said, are well-drawn and accurate in themselves, 
have the demerit in some cases of presenting reduced figures of the 
originals, a style of portraiture we should recommend the 
publishers to abandon, if possible, in the case of the portions yet 
unpublished. 

The book is very nicely got up, and is from this point of view 
highly creditable to all concerned, since faithful representations, 
accurate descriptions and observations, and tasteful production are 
combined, and the result will be to present to the public a very 
elegant and useful volume. T. Moore. 

Isontributiojis a la connaissance des organismes qui peiivent se trouvcr 

dans la Mere et le vioiit de biere et y rivre. Par Emil Chr. 

Hansen. 

This paper commences with some " Kecherches sur les 
organismes qui, a differentes epoques de Tannee, se trouvent dans 
| air a Carlsberg et aux alentours, et qui peuvent se developper dans 
ie mout de biere." The nourishing liquid selected was clear beer- 
yort with the hops added, and it was sterilised by prolonged boiling 
m large-mouthed flasks closed with a layer of filter-paper. Each 
flask was of one quarter of a litre capacity, and was usually about 
two -thirds filled. They were then exposed in different situations 
m *^e neighbourhood, such as a seat in the Carlsberg garden, 
various parts of breweries, under cherry trees and gooseberry 
Joshes, and a summer-house and vinery. It would take too long 



to 



that a considerable 



™ go into the results in detail ; suffice it to say 
uitterence was observed in the growth induced in different localities, 
he experiments were continued into the winter in order to judge 
01 the effect of frost upon the growth. It was found that at 
a minimum temperature of -7° C, and a maximum of 2°, all trace 
wccharoviyces was sought for in vain, but that Microbacteria, 
^ncillium ylaucnm and cladosporioides, and Mucor stolonifer could 

The organisms, however, take a longer time to develop in 

x 



154 



NOTICES OP BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 



liquids at low than at high temperature. This is fully established 
by several experiments with different kinds of beer. One of these 
results we subjoin : — 



Double Mild Copenhagen Beer. 



42° C. 

33°C. 

26°'c. 

21°C. 

15° C. 
12° C. 

io°'c. 

5°'c. 

91 



3 clays. 
2 



2 
2 

2 
3 

2 
4 

7 

4 
10 

7 
17 
14 



>> 



J> 



>> 



J> 



5> 



J5 



?> 



J? 



M 



n 



j> 



5> 



5? 



Mycoderma Pasteurianum. 

id. 

id. 

id. 

id. 
Saccharoniyces Mycoderma. 
Mycoderma Pasteurianum. 

Saccharoniyces Mycoderma. 

id. 

Microbacteria. 

Saccharoniyces Mycoderma. 

Microbacteria. 

Saccharoniyces Mycoderma, Microbacteria. 

Saccharoniyces Mycoderma. 

Saccharoniyces Mycoderma, Microbacteria. 



The fascicle of papers as sent to us contains one of some 
interest, " Sur Influence que Introduction de Fair atmospherique 
dans le mout qui fermente exerce sur la fermentation." The 
apparatus used for this was a brass capped glass cylinder traversed 
by a rod movable about its longitudinal axis bv clockwork 



. a o axis by 

mecftamsm, and supporting four spirally-arranged brass rotating 

fans at its extremity. The object of this was to bring all parts of 
the liquid thoroughly in contact with air, which was introduced 
through four pipes of peculiar construction screwed into the bottom 
of the cylinder. The following table shows one of the series of 
results obtained upon comparison with liquids into which air had 
not been introduced : — 



Non- aerated Liquid. 



Dates. 



Extinct " 






decern- tagS g Mnlti- 
A\ e?ght posed by] . £ S^ s plication 
in ; ferraen- z « * J f Yeast 
Centimes tatioD. £*< ce :i B . 



Aerated Liquid. 



Kxtract 



CO 



23rd May. 

8 o'clock a.m. 
Ditto 
8 p.m. 

24th May. 
8 a.m. 
Ditto 
8 p.m. 

25th May. 

8 a.m. 

Ditto 

8 p.m. 




•"^.-S S; Mlllti- 



of Yeast 
cells. 



in 
Centiemes 


term e»- 
tation. 






per cent. 


10 





41 


951 


0-49 


140 


8-78 


1.22 


887 


691 


3-09 


960 


4-95 


5-05 


1274 


3-99 


601 


1470 



1 



3-4 



94 



23-4 



81 



35-8 




NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 155 

From this we see that the state of the non-aerated liquid on the 
evening of the 25th May is almost similar to that of the aerated 
liquid twenty-four hours before ; but that this is to be accounted 
for by the greater multiplication of the yeast-cells in the latter 
liquid. It is thus evident that the introduction of atmospheric 
air — that is of oxygen — is favourable to fermentation. 

The fascicle likewise contains short papers on Mycoderma aceti 
and a new species, M. Pasteur iumun ; or Horvath's hypothesis that 
active repose and movement retard organic development, negatived 
so far as relates to yeast by the just-mentioned experiments ; on 
Oidium lactis ; and on red Saccharomyces and red cells resembling 
Saccharomyces. It is accompanied by two well-executed plates. 



S. M. 



We 



Broseley, a specimen-sheet, with accompanying plate, of a Mono- 
graph of the genus Crocus. The work, which is quarto, will 
be completed in two volumes, containing about eighty coloured 
plates from Mr. Maw's drawings, numerous wood engravings, and 
about five hundred pages of letterpress. Mr. Maw recognises about 
seventy species of Crocus ; the work will contain a description of 
each, with full synonymy and life-history. 

Mr. W. B. Hemsley has issued a third part of his ' Diagnoses ' 
of Mexican Plants. It is mainly devoted to Lefjuminosa, but con- 
tains some plants of other Orders, including Leptorhaa, a new 
genus of Commeli7iacece. 

Dr. Engler, of Kiel, has published the first part of an essay 
on the evolution of the vegetable kingdom since the tertiary period, 
under the title ■ Versuch einer Entwicklungsgeschichte der Pflanzen- 
welt.' It relates to the extra-tropical regions of the northern 
hemisphere. The same author has recently visited the London 
herbaria in connection with the Monograph of Burseracea which 
he is preparing for the ■ Suites ail Prodronius.' 

Other New Books. — F. von Mueller, ■ Eucalyptographia ' 
(fifth decade), Triibner & Co. — H. Baillon, < Dictionnaire de 
Botanique' (part 12, Cist Comi), Hachette & Co.— E. Braithwaite, 
'The British Moss-Flora' (part 1, Andreaacea).— B. Anslow, 'The 
Study of Mosses, with a List of the Mosses of the Wrekin," 
Hobson k Co., Wellington Street. 



Articles in Journals. 



March. 



Journal of Lin. Soc. (London), xvii., Nos. 104-5.— G. Henslow, 
'On the origin of the so-called Scorpioid Cyme.— D. Morris, 'On 
the structure and habit of Hemileia vastatrix (the Coffee-leaf 
disease).'— J. D. Hooker, ' On a variety of Cedrus Libani (var. 
brevifolia) discovered in Cyprus.'— H. Marshall Ward, 'The 



15G 



PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 



Embryo-sac in Angiosperms ' (tt. 17-25).— M. T. Masters, 'The 
relations between Morphology and Physiology in the leaves of 
Conifers.'— J. M. Crombie, 'The Lichens of Dillenius' " Historia 
Muscorimi." ' 

Annalesdes Sciences Naturelles (Botany), ser. 6, tom.ix., nos.2& 3. 
— J. H. Fabre, • On the Sphariacea of Vaucluse ' (contains tbe 
following new genera \—Stuartella, NaviceUa, Rostrella, Yerlotia, 
Ikctnsnella, Julella, Delacourea — the first commemorating John 
Stuart Mill, who was engaged upon a Flora of Vaucluse at the time 
of his death— and many new species), tt. 1-6.— John Ball, ' On the 
origin of the European Alpine Flora.'— Ch. Flahault, ' On the 
modifications of vegetables.' 

Magyar Xocent. Lapok.—F. Schaarschmidt, ' On the division of 
tbe chlorophyll grains.' 

(Ester. Bot. Zeitsch.—U. Wawra, 'On Bromeliacea:' ' — J. 
Freyn, 'Memoir of Tommasini.'— W. Vatke, 'Determination of 
Hildebrandt's African plants' (Leguminous Ccesal } nnea).—M. Will- 
konnn, ' Spanish-Portuguese plants ' (concluded).— V. v. Borbas, 
' Two Heuffelian Thulictra.'—G. J. v. Klinggraff, ' Palestine and its 
vegetation ' (continued). 

Botanische Zeitung. — H. Ambronn, ' On several cases of 
bilaterahty in the Floridea ' (2 tab.) 

Grevillea.— M. C. Cooke, ' Reliqiue Libertiame.'— Id., 'The 
subgenus Coniophora : — Id., ' Fungi of India.'— Id., 'New York 

U A g n ~d ' ™ on ' ' Diatomacece of Kerguelen's Land. '— W. Phillips 
ana L. ±5. Plownght, 'New British Fungi' (Peziza indiscrete, 

r. hirto-coccinea, P. nuda, Ascobolus viridulus, Xummularia </i<jm, 

bplwna /n,penci, spp. nov.)-' Woolhope Club Meeting ' (continued : 
contains descriptions of Cortinariw imbutus, Lactarius picinus, 
Marasmus polyadelphus, M. splachnoides, Hinnennla Platan*, and 

iZT ai i a T \f n6W t0 Bllfc ain)—Quelet, ' New Fungi from the 
Jura and the Vosges '-two plates illustrating CortmOriv: 

n U%Z ll 7 jia '~i*-' ^T inter ' ' List of tlie Vredim* and their host- 
plants observed m the district of Koch's " Synopsis." ' 

ti£' Tff ( Hud ^ rsfiel <l).-J. E. Griffith, ' Flora of Carnarvon- 
snne and Anglesea.' 

in Fw?r m Nat T Ust '~ Lester F - Ward, ' Sexual differentiation 

in jLyxiftta repens. 



$roceeirmg;s of gocictit*. 



Eoyal Society. 



^!!'tJ^~l Ee ^ on Pnyto-PalfEontolocrical Investigations 



Ett tag. Wn F1 ° V? ?T • Bay -.'-' ^ Dr Co " stMtin V? 

° ieu - ihe first investigation of the fossil plants 



PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 157 

of Alum Bay was made by Dr. De la Harpe and Professor 
Heer, who enumerated about forty species. The results of my 
investigation have raised the number to 116 genera and 274 
species, which are distributed into 63 families : 3 are Thallophyta, 
2 Filiees, 5 Gymnospermae, 6 Monocotyledones, 28 Apetalae, 15 
Gamopetalae, 54 Dialfpetahe, and 2 are doubtful. A sub-tropical 
climate is indicated by the species of Ficus, Cinchonaceae, Sapo- 
taceas, Ebenacea3, Biittneriaceae, Bombacere, Sapindacese, Mal- 
pighiaceae, &c. The genera which are common to Alum Bay and 

Sheppey are: — Callitris, Cupressinites, Sequoia, Cyperites, Smilax, 
Sabal, Aronium, Quercus, Juglans, Lauras, Xyssa, Proteoides, Cin- 
chonidium, Apocynophyllum, Sapotacites, Diospyros, Symplocos, Mag- 
nolia, Nelumbium, Hightea, Acer, Sapindus, Cupania, Eugenia, 
Eucalyptus, Prun us, Amygdalus, Podogonium, Legumino sites, Car- 
polithes. This seems to point to so close a connection between the 
two Floras, that it does not appear advisable to distinguish the 
leaves of the one from the fruits of the other by separate specific 
names. By comparing the leaves and fruits of their nearest living 
analogues, I have provisionally united them in many cases. The 
small number of ferns and palms is remarkable. Many of the 
Dicotyledons correspond with Miocene species, and I do not doubt 
that there is a genetic connection between them. There are also 
what appear to be certain ancestral species, if I may use the 
expression, nearly allied to several Miocene species, whose 
characters they unite. In addition to the great number of Miocene 
species, whose origin can apparently be traced back to the Eocene, 
there are not wanting indications that certain Miocene genera were 
not completely differentiated in the Eocene. I select for mention 
a few new forms possessing special interest. A Marattia, nearly 
allied to If. Kaulfussi, J. Smith, is remarkable as being the first 
species met in the Tertiary. The Celtis is allied to & Taped of 
the Miocene Flora of Parschlug on the one side, and to the living 
C* australis on the other. The only Adenopeltis is allied to an 
American recent species. Two species of Bunksia, with their 
seeds, also occur ; many leaves formerly named Banksia I now 
agree may belong to Myrica. The Proteaceous Lomatia is repre- 
sented by a fruit. Characteristic leaves of Aristolochia, and of an 
^liria allied to the recent A. spicata, R. Brown, and of a Clero- 
dendron allied to the East Indian C. viscosum, Vent., are found, but 
rarely. Of Diospyros is found calyx, berry, and leaf, the berry 
oaring also in Sheppey. The Diospyros of Alum Bay and 
°f Sheppey are the same species. The species of Cornus shows 
perhaps a genetic relation with Miocene species. The leaves of 
wo species of Malvaceae belong, I think, to two of the eight species 
°i Hightea from Sheppey. A Bombaceous leaflet may belong, 
irom its venation and form, to the Brazilian Salmalia; and leaves 
01 Tetmstramia are nearly allied to a Miocene form. I have dis- 
tinguished six species of ( upania, and these I provisionally refer to 
«U3 nearest of the eight Sheppey species. The only Pistacia is 
Wiied to the well-known P. vera. The putamens of two species of 
rtmu* t of which one is common to Sheppey, and of an Amygdalus 



158 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 

are found. Of the Papilionacea I distinguish thirty-eight species 
belonging to ten genera, many of which are also found in Hiring 
and Sotzka. The comparison of this Flora with that of Bourne- 
mouth and with other Tertiary Floras is reserved for further 
investigations. The most striking fact, however, that my work 
even at this stage has brought out is, that more than fifty of the 
species are common to Sotzka and Hsering, while a lesser number 

are common to Sezanne, to the Lignitic of America, and to other 
Floras. 



Linnean Society of London. 

March 4.— Prof. AUman, F.E.S., President, in the chair. 
The following gentlemen were elected Fellows of the Society :— 
S. M. Bairstow (Huddersfield), J. T. Carrington (Aquarium, West- 
minster), Prof. P. M. Duncan (King's College, London), E. M. 
Middleton, jun. (West Hartlepool), S. 0. Ridley (British Museum), 
and J. Charters- White (Belgrave-road, S.W.) Mr. E. M. Holmes 
read a paper on C'odiolum gregarium, A. Braun, a new British Alga 
discovered at Teignmouth by the Eev. E. Cresswell. The author 
considered that the hypnospores described by Braun did not 
belong to Cudiolum, but to another Alga usually found growing 
with it. The growth of the plant and its fructification, contrary to 
Braun' s supposition, lasts through the winter and spring. Mr. 
Holmes also exhibited specimens of the fructification of Chatopteris 
plumosa, found in Britain for the first time by Dr. J. W. Trail of 
Edinburgh. The unilocular sporangia in this instance were in a 
more advanced stage than those figured by Areschoug, and the 
multilocular sporangia differed in character from the illustration 
given by the last-mentioned Swedish naturalist. 

March 18.— Prof. AUman, F.E.S., President, in the chair. 
—Messrs. W. Dnckenfield Scott (Wimbledon) and Wardlaw Earn- 
say (Portsmouth) were elected FeUows of the Society. The 
President said that before entering on the ordinary business of the 
meeting, it became his melancholy duty to announce the death of 

ij ^ 10S * Bel1 ' at tlie age of eighty-seven. Prof. Bell was the 
oldest Fellow of the Society, having been elected into it in the year 

181o. He had held the Presidential Chair for many years, and 
under his judicious and able guidance the Society had marvellously 
advanced in prosperity. He was a distinguished zoologist, and by 
his researches had largely advanced our knowledge of the fauna of 
the British Isles. His labours have left their mark on the 
Zoology of Britain, and it is hard to say who can take his place in 
the department of Natural History, in which he had shown himself 
so loving and conscientious an observer. The Secretary read a com- 
munication from Mr. H. M. Brewer, of the Wanganui Acclimatisa- 
tion Society, « On the Indigenous Timber and on Plants introduced 
into JNew Zealand." Among the former, " maraka " ( Lcptospenmim 
encoul,,) is useful for spokes, tool-handles, &c; "kowkai" 
[fop*°ra tetraptera) forms admirable material for carving, &"• ; 
totara {Podocarpus Totara) is most durable for piles, railway 
sleeper*, &c. ; red birch (Fwjm futca), on account of its strength, 



BOTANICAL NEWS. 159 

is well adapted for beams and framework ; and the " matai " (Podu- 
carpus spicata) is so durable that a prostrate tree found in damp 
bush, and supposed to have been there for a couple of centuries, still 
retained its soundness when cut up. The above are a few of the 
trees brought into general use, but there are a vast number of 
others which will become equally valuable when it is better known 
when to cut and how to season them. Of plants introduced there 
are quite a host which thrive well out of doors. At Sir George 
Grey's seat, on the Island of Kawan, quite a brilliant assemblage 
have been successfully raised. Among others, the coral tree 
(Erythrma caffm), with its brilliant scarlet flowers; Fourcroijia 
liujantea, which produces a fine fibre, and grows well without any 
cultivation on the waste clay hills ; also F. ftavoviiidis, another 
fibre-yielding plant. Chamawps excels, C. humiU*, Musa te.vtilis, 
and M. sapimitum, equally thrive, the Banana ripening good fruit. 
broiissonetia pajn/rifira, from which paper is made in Japan, the 
pomegranate {I'unica grahatum) and the olive (Olea europea) here- 
after are likely to become important as commercial products. The 
■Natal plum (Arduina giandiflora) , the fig (Ficus Cartel «««*«"*! 

apple (Annua muricata), Eriobotn/a japoniea, ginger 
officinalis), the tallow tree (Still ingia sebifera), cinnamon, i ^^, 

°ff Xn § e ' * emou > aU( * ci^ons, besides many other sub tropical plants, 
afiord sufficient proof of the mildness "of the climate and capa- 
bilities of the country ultimately to depend on its own resources, 
vi araucarias and pines, a great number of introduced species have 
thriven well, some only requiring a little shelter at first. Oaks, 
elms, poplars, &c, all take naturally to the New Zealand soil, but 
sufficient has been said to indicate the great variety of flora 

indigenous and introduced into this flourishing though distant 
colony. & & 




Botanical Nttos. 



-Dr. Bayley Balfour has returned from Socotra, bringing with 
nun a large collection of living and dried plants ; he has suffered 
jrom an attack of fever, but is otherwise in good health. Dr. 
rsaiiour has ascended to the summit of one of the highest peaks 
01 the island, which reach an altitude of 5000 feet, and his 
Dotamcal collections consist of about 6000 species, including full 
is] ? l f ° r the determiu 'ition of the Aloe and Dracaena which the 

com 1 1 * f °* SOme t * me k eeu ^ nowu to P rocmce > but of which 
plete specimens have never been procured. 

-r , Th ? editorship of the brvological portion of Just's ' Botanische 
^aii.resbericht ' has been entrusted to Dr. F. Kienitz Gerloff, of 
^uburg, who will be glad to receive any publications relating to 

of tl E R ^ - ad to be able to announce that through the liberality 
e -"I'azihan Government arrangements have been made for the 



160 



BOTANICAL NEWS. 



resumption of the work of the great ' Flora Brasiliensis,' the 
former grant for which expired some two or three years ago. The 
editorship rests, as before, in the hands of Dr. Eichler, and there 
are several important orders still unallotted. 

A pension of £100 per annum from the Civil List has been 
awarded to Mr. W. H. Fitch, the well-known botanical artist, 
in consideration of his services to science. 

The English Dialect Society announces for early is3ue a reprint 
of William Turner's rare ' Names of Herbes.' It will be edited and 
annotated by Mr. James Britten. 

We regret to announce the death of Wilhelm Schimpeb, the 

eminent muscologist and palaeontologist, which took place at 

btrasburg on March 20th. We hope to give a fuller notice next 
month. 

t Robert Fortune, the well-known plant collector and traveller 
in China died on the 13th ult. at Bromptou, aged sixty-eight 
years. Although his numerous discoveries were important chiefly 
Irom the horticultural standpoint, he made collections of dried 
plants during his various travels in China ; these were distributed 
by the Royal Horticultural Society, who commissioned him to 
collect, and are found in many herbaria. In 1846 he was appointed 
Curator of the Chelsea Botanic Garden, but this appointment he 
soon resigned, and devoted himself to the collection in China 
ot young tea plants and seeds for transmission to India. His 
various works, based upon his travels, are weU known. 

Mutius Tommasini, the Nestor of Austrian botanists, died at 
Irieste on the 2nd of January, in his eighty-sixth year. He 

pubhshed Very ] ! ttle ' but th * value of his private epistolary com- 
munications is shown by frequent references in the works of Koch, 
±Jeitoloni, and Parlatore. His large herbarium and library has 
been bequeathed to the Trieste Museum. A lengthened biography 
of lommasini appeared in the Oest. Bot. Zeitschrift for 1866. 

the k'l^'/f nT ND i' b ° 1 1 ' n in 1807 ' died > on the 17fch of March ' ? 
h,a * w n ° eknd ' • Where he had resi ded for many years. He 
Publish^ ? 7 'T 8 ^^ 1 the Flora of Oeland, of which he 
for Tain tt E » umer ^° ' in the Acta Soc. Scient. Upsal 

och Oelands Fin 1 ? ? *??<***?* P ubli ^tion was the « Colmar Laus 
ocn uelands Flora/ published at Kolmar in 1863. 

the St?;™ died T at Brai »ischweig on the 26th of March at 
Plant! oil nl ? y ' S p * His P rinci P al ™ k ™> on the cultivated 
he also w/! m i GeVman forestr y' Published at Berlin in 1851 ; 
Jie also wiote several papers upon vegetable morphology. 

Buiten™™ i,S °' B °2" CT1 R ' Director of the Botanic Gardens at 
iiuitenzorg, died recently at the early age of thirty-five. 

f Colombo SS ' ° f *? e - Ceyl ° n Branch of the R °y al Asiatic S0Ci f ty 

St; byMl-: ESZSjgg 1 * with notes > of Ceylon 



Lb. 2 09. 




10. L. alopecuroides . Brauuun, . 11. T. glomerate • Leonk, 
12 T. prolifera Lzonh. 13. X mtricsLteu Leonk. 14. K .^n^^n^ 



H. Grove* oUL BtavLrhOL. 



y/,. $00*** 






161 



<®vtgtual Mitlts. 



A BE VIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACEM. 

By Henby and James Geoves. 

(Tabs. 207-210.) 

(Concluded from p. 120). 

2 .— L YCHNOTH AMNU S . 

Leonhardi, Bohni. Charac. (1863), p. 12. — Cliara sect. Lychno- 
thamnus, Euprecht. Symb. ad Hist. pi. Eoss., 1845, p. 79. 

Stem ecorticate or irregularly corticate. Branchlets ecorticat< 
Ring of stipulodes in a single circle, conspicuous. Bract-cells 
whorl ed. Globules by the side of the nucules, within the whorls of 
bract-cells. Monoecious. 

i. L. alopecueoides, Braun, Monatsb. Berl. Akad., 1867, 
p. 798. 

Char a papulosa, Wallr. Flor. Crypt.' Germ., ii. (1888), p. 107. 

C. Pouzohii, Braun, Flora, 1835, i., p. 58. 

C. Wallrothii, Rupr. Symb. ad Hist. PI. Ross. (1845), p. 80. 

C alopecnroides, Braun, Schweiz. Char. (1847), p. 18. ; Wallm. 
Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 281; Braun, Consp. Char. Europ., p. 7; 
Monats. Berl. Akad., 1867, p. 824; Bab. in Journ. Bot., i. (1863), 
P- 193, t. 7; Fl. Dan. (1867), t. 2745; Braun, R. & S. Exs. 62, 
63, 81 ; Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs. 20-22. . 

Stem but little branched, without cortical cells, with many 
unicellular bulbils. Whorls of 6-8 straight or incurved branchlets. 
Stipulodes 8-12 long, slender, Branchlets of 4-5 joints, of which 
&e upper 1-2 are much shorter, forming an acute point. Bract- 
cells 6-8, whorled, spreading, acute, at all but the last joint of the 
branchlets, longer than the nucule. Nucule oval, 10-12-striate. 



, not incrusted. It has 
ns at Newtown, Isle of 



^oronula small, obtuse (Tab. 209, fig. 10). 
A small dark green plant 3-8 in. high 

only been found, in Britain, in the Salter^ »« x, .„.,-,.-, 

Wight, where it was discovered by Mr. A. G. More in August, 
18 62, but owing to the Salterns being disused and nearly dry, it is, 
we fear, lost in that locality. The Isle of Wight specimens appear 
t0 be nearest to the var. Montaynei of Braun. L. afopecuroidm 
occurs principally in France and* the Mediterranean district, the 



Wall 



II.— NITELL/E 



Branchlets furcate, or sometimes, in the sterile whorls, simple, 
and, as well as the interuodes, always ecorticate. Without 



st ipular cells. Globules and nucules at the forkings of the 
pranchlets. Coronula inconspicuous, usually deciduous, of 10 cells 
* cu ' cl e3, the upper smaUer. 

*■ 8- vol. 9. [June, 1880.] Y 



162 A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACEiE. 



3. TOLYPELLA. 



Leonhardi in Lotos (1863), p. 12. 

Branches many at each node. Branchlets simple or dividing 
into unequal rays. Globules lateral at the forkings of the branchlets, 
and usually surrounded by a number of nucules. Nucules also 
produced at the nodes of the fertile whorls. Monoecious. 

i. T. glomerata, Leon., Lotos, 1863. 

_ & m 



p. 245. 



Ufi 



Chara qlomerata, Desv. in Loisel. Not. (1810), p. 135. 

Chara fiexilis (i. pro lifer a, S. F. Gray, Brit. PL, ii. (1821), p. 21. 

Nitella glomerata, Chevall. Lutet. Flor. Gen., eel. 2, v. ii. (1836), 
p. 124; Coss. & Germ. Atl. Fl. Par., t. 41, f. H. ; Wallm. Act. 
Stockh., 1854, p. 270; Braun, Consp. Char. Europ., p. 3; Fl. 
Dan. (1869), t. 2800; Braun, R. & S. Exs. 17 ; Nordst. & Wahlst. 
Exs. 43-45. 

Chara glomerulifera, Bupr. Symb. ad Hist. PI. Boss (1845), 



p. 75. 



m 



Chara Smithii, Bab. I. c, p. 86. 

Xitella Smithii, Wallm., 1. c. (1854), p. 271. 

Nitella glomerulifera, Kiitz. Tab. Pliyc, vii. (1857), t. 81, f. 2. 

Stem moderately stout, producing many branches at tbe 
principal nodes. Sterile whorls of 6-12 long, simple, obtuse, 3-5 
jointed brancblets. Fertile whorls in dense compound beads; 
brancblets once divided, into 3-4, unequal, 3-5-celled, obtuse rays. 
Nucules stalked or sessile, ovoid, 8-9- striate ; spiral cells 
prominent. Globules usually stalked. (Tab. 209, f. 11.) 

Mucb encrusted and very brittle. The strongly-curved rays 
give tbe fertile wborls a peculiarly contorted appearance. It is 
recorded by Braun from Em-ope (North, Mid, and South), Asia, 
Nortb Africa, and Australia ; in Britain it is rare, and apparently 
almost confined to the South-east of England. 

Ponds, brackish pools, and ditches. May. Hants, S- 1 
Sussex, W. ; Kent, E. and W. ; Essex, N. ; Middlesex ; Norfolk, VI . ; 
Dublin. 

ii. T. proufera, Leonh., Lotos, 1863 (name). 

Chara prolif era , Braun, Ann. Sc. Nat.. 1834. n. 352. 
Chara nr 

Smith). 



Ufi 



Act 



Germ 



. odocku., i«&4, v . 269; Braun, Consp. Char. Europ., p. 3- 

N.fascicnlata, var. robaster (sic), Braun, Schweiz. Char. (1847), 
p. 12. ' 

Chara Barren, Bab. A. N. H., v. (1850), p. 87. 
N. Borreri, Wallm., I.e. (1854), p. 271. 

Chara intricata, var. rohustior, Baker, Ex. Club Rep., 1867, p. * 5 - 

Stern stout, very much branched. Sterile whorls of 6-20 very 

unequal, acute, simple, 3-5-jointed branchlets. Fertile whorls in 



A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACEjE. 163 

large densely compound heads ; brancLlets divided into 3-4 acute, 
2-3-, rarely 4-, celled rays. Nucules globosely ovoid. (Tab. 209, 
f. 12). 

A very large plant, of which our figure is a reduced represent- 
ation. The sterile branchlets are sometimes 7 in. long and very 
stout. It is a rare species, and has only been found in a few 
scattered localities in Central and Southern Europe. It was 
discovered in Britain by Mr. Borrer in 1827, near Rye Farm, 
Henfield, Sussex, and has since been found by Dr. Moore in the 
canal near Glasnevin, Dublin. 

ni. T. intricata, Leonh. Lotos, 1863 (name) ; Braun, in Cohn's 
Krypt. Flor. von Schlesien (1877), p. 400. 

Chara intricata, Roth. Catalecta Botanica (1800), fas. ii., p. 125. 

Nitella intricata, Auct. (Ag. ?) ; Braun, Consp. Char. Europ., 
p. 3; Fl. Dan. (1867), t. 2744; Braun, R. & S. Exs. 18, 33, 108; 
Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs. 46, 48. 

Chara fasciexdata , Amici, Descriz. di alcune sp. nuove di Chara 
(1827), p.* 16, t. 4, f. 4, and t. 5, f. 3. 

Chara polysperma, Braun, Ann. Sc. Nat., 1834, p. 352; Gant. 
Oesterr. Char. (1847), p. 12, t. 1, f. 3; Bab. A. N. H., v. (1850), 
p. 88; Wallm. Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 269. 

Nitella poly sper ma, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. (1843), p. 318. 

N. fasciculata, Braun, Schweiz. Char., p. 11 ; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc, 
vh., t. 36, f. 1. 

Stem moderately stout. Sterile whorls of 6-10 once or twice 
divided branchlets ; rays unequal, the ultimate acute, 3-5-celled. 
Fertile whorls in very large dense compound heads ; branchlets 
once or twice divided, ultimate rays 4-5 celled, acute. Nucules 
numerous, globosely ovoid, stalked or sessile, 8-9-striate. (Tab. 
209, f. 13.) 

Distinguished from both the preceding species by its divided 
branchlets. It is widely distributed in Europe, and extends to 
North Africa. In Britain it is very rare, and does not appear to 
have been found for two successive years in any locality ; there is 
a specimen in Herb. Buddie, but no locality is given. 

Ponds, pools, and canals. April and May. Essex, N. ; 
Suffolk, W. ; Cambridge; Yorksh., N. (DaltonV, Durham; 
Dublin. 

4.— NITELLA. 

Ag. Syst. Alg. (1824), Introd., p. 27, ex parte. 

Stem rarely producing more than 2 branches at each node. 
Branchlets simple, or 1-4 times divided into nearly equal rays. 
Globules in the forking of the branchlets, thus terminating the 
segment from the apex of which the forking arises. Nucules below 
"ie globules, lateral. Monoecious or dioecious. 

§ Ultimate rays of 2 or more cells. 

I. N. tenuissima, Kiitz. Phyc. Gen. (1843), p. 819 ; Coss. & 
Germ. Atl. Fl. Par., t. 41 ; Wallm. Act. Stockh., 1854 ; Kiitz. 



164 A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACE.E. 

Tab. Pliyc, vii., t. 34, f. 2; Braun, Consp. Char. Europ., p. 2; 
Braun, E. & S. Exs. 60, 74, 103 ; Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs. 41. 

Chara tenuissima, Desv. Journ. cle Bot. (1809), ii., p. 313 ; 

lieichenb. Icon. Bot., f. 1055-1068; Gant. Oesterr. Char., p. 10, 
t. 1, f. 1 ; Bab. A. N. H., v. (1850), p. 85. 

C.fiexiiis, var. stellata, Walk. Ann. Bot. (1815), p. 178. 

C. stellata, S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. (1821), ii., p. 28 ? 

Stem very slender, internodes long. "Whorls very dense, of 
5-8 short branchlets. Branchlets 2-3 times divided into 3-6 rays. 
Ultimate rays 2-3-celled, the terminal cell very slender, acute. 
Nucules oval, 8-9-striate ; spiral cells not prominent. Globule-; 
large. Monoecious. (Tab. 209, f. 14.) 

The smallest British species, 1-4 in. high, usually dark green 
and somewhat incrusted. Readily distinguished from our other 
Nitellas by its very small dense whorls and comparatively long 
mternodes. The nucules are ripe in August. It occurs in Central 
and Southern Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. 
In Britain it has only been recorded from the Cambridgeshire 
Fens, where it was discovered by Prof. Henslow in 1829. S. F. 
Gray's description of C. stellata in 1821, could scarcely refer to any 
other species, but no locality is given. 

ii. N. gracilis, Ag. Syst. Alg. (1824), p. 125; Coss. & Germ. 
Atl. Fl. Par., t. 41 e ; Wallm. Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 247; Kutz. 
lab. Phyc, vn., t. 34, f. l; Braun, Consp. Char. Em-op., p. 2 ; 
Braun, E. & S. Exs. 24, 25, 34,* 57-59 ; Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs 
15-17. 

* i St™ J!'' adlis> Sm ' El Bot - 214 ° ( 181 °) ; Beichenb. Icon. Bot. 
,\12X ; n a . nt ' 0esterr - Char., p. 10, t. 1, f. 2 ; Bab. A. N. H., v 

(1H50), p. 84. 

C.fiexiiis var. gracilis, S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. (1821), 

\oi. ii,, p. 28. 

£' t'f'\ 4 mici Des cnz. di alcune sp. nuove di Chara (1827), 
p. zv, t. S, t. 6 and 7. 

Stem very slender, moderately branched. Whorls of 5-6 
extremely slender branchlets. Branchlets 2-3 times divided into 
tf-4 rays. Llhmate rays 2-3-celled, strongly mucronate. Nucules 
solitary, at all the forkings of the branchlets, globosely ovoid, 6-7- 
stnate. Monoecious. (Tab. 210, f. 15.) 

A very slender and delicate ' piant, 4-8 in. high, light green, 
distinguished from the last by its much laxer habit! The nucules 
are ripe in September. It was discovered by Mr. Borrer in a 

TJ!Fa P i° c ln , S ** Leoil ^l's Forest, and Vas described and 
n urea, by bmith, from his specimens. It has since been collected 

Ti t * i ? n 'x at Glen Cullen > n ew Ballybetagh, Co. Dublin, 
i ne Irish plant is a smaller, stouter form, and the ultimate rays 

re Shorter : smrl if io «,„,,, ,i,.„i„ • ,-,',, ... • -;i,J,- 



are shorter; and ,t is annularly incrusted. X. gracilis is widely 



> 




a me. 



ab. 210 




B. Or, 



2*** ai-, a*. 



15. ^. g, 

•traiislu 



.s Aq. 16 . £J- Tnu.cron.ata. Kiitz. 
.Ag. 18.N.flexLlis.Aq. 19. N.opacaAg 



<*> 



W«t Xt**man&C?i*np 



A RKVIKW OF THE BRITISH CHARACE.E. 165 

distributed in Europe and Africa, occurring also in Asia and North 
and South America. 

in. N. mucronata, Kiitz. Phyc. Germ. (1845), p. 256 ; Tab. 
Phyc, vii., t. 33, f. 1; Coss. & Germ. Atl. Flor. Par., t. 40 d ; 
Wallm, Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 253; Braun, Consp. Char. Europ., 
p. 2; Braun, B. & S. Exs. 20, 30; Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs. 82. 

Chora furcata, Amici Deser. di alcune sp. nuove di Chara 
(1827), p. 14, t. v., f. 2 (not Bruz.). 

Cflexilis, "L," Beichenb. Icon. Bot., f. 1071-2. 

C. mucronata, Braun, Ann. Sc. Nat., 1834, p. 351 ; Gant. 
Oesterr. Char., p. 9 ; Bab. A. N. H., v. (1850), p. 84. 

O. Barbieri, Balsamo-Crivelli, Biblioteca Italiana, vol. 97 
(1840), p. 190. 

C.norvegica, "Wallm. Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 252. 

C. breri'andis, Bertol. Flora Italica, vol. x. (1854), p. 19. 

Stem rather stout, moderately branched. Whorls of 5-6 stout 
branchlets. Branchlets 1-2- , rarely 3-, times divided into 2-4 
rays. Ultimate rays 2-celled, the upper cell usually short, conical, 
acute. Nucules oval, 7-8-striate. Monoecious. (Tab. 210, f. 16.) 

A dark green plant, 6-12 in. high, often in its laxer forms 
resembling A r . fUmlis, from which it differs by its 2-celled ultimate 
rays. It is closely allied to N. gracilis, but is stouter, more rigid, 
and the branchlets are less divided. Generally distributed in 
Europe, and occurring in Asia, North Africa and North America ; 
discovered in Britain by Mr. Borrer, in a ditch at West Grinstead, 
West Sussex, but has not since been found. Our figure is taken 
from Borrer's specimen, which is near the var. heteromorpha, Braun, 
Flora, 1835, i., p. 52. 

iv. N. translucens, Ag. Syst. Alg. (1824), p. 124 ; Coss. & 
Germ. Atl. Flor. Par., t. 40 b; Wallm. Act. Stockh., 1854, 
p. 259; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 26, f . 1 ; Braun, Consp. Char. 
Europ., p. 2; Braun, B. & S. Exs. 19; Nordst. & \\ahlst. 

Exs. 81. 1QC _ 

C. translucent, Pers. Syn. (1807), ii., p. 531; Sm. E. B., 185o 
(1808); Bruz. Obs. Char., p. 22; Hook. Brit. Flora, u., p. 245; 
Bab. A. N. H., v. (1850), p. 84. 

Stem usually stout. Sterile whorls of 4-6 usually once divided 
branchlets; rays 2-4, very minute, 2-celled. Fertile whorls wry 
mall and dens, ; branchlets 6-8, once or twice divided. Nucules 
small clustered, strongly 7-8-striate. Monoecious. (Tab. 210, 

f. 17.) 

Our largest NittUa, sometimes 4-5 feet high, of a bright green. 
The very minute rays which appear as small points on the primary 
joint immediately separate this from all our other species. It is a 
rare species, occurring in Western and Southern Europe, but 
reaching to Germany and South Sweden, also to North Africa. 
It is not uncommon in the South of England. 

Ponds, pools, canals, and (rarely) streams. July. Cornwall, 
W.; Hants, S. ; Sussex, W. ; Surrey; Essex, S.; Herts; 



166 A REVIEW OF THE BRITISH CHARACEJE. 

Suffolk, E.; Norfolk, E.; Salop; Cheshire; Kerry; Gal way, W.; 
Derry, W. 



§§ Ultimate rays 1-celled. 



FLEXILIS 



, Ag. Syst. Alg. (1824), p. 124; Wallm. Act. 

btockh., 1854, p. 261 ; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 33, f. 2 ; Braun, 
Consp. Char. Europ., p, 2; Braun, B. & S. Exs. 22, 23, 54, 55, 
101 ; Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs. 8-14. 

Cham flexilis, L. Spec. Plant. (1753), p. 1157 (ex parte); 
Bruzel. Obs. Char., pp. 15 and 23; Gant. Oesterr. Char., p. 8; 
Bab. A. N. H., v. (1850), p. 83. 

C.fureulata, Beichenb. Mossl. Handb., ed. 3, vol. iii. (1834), 
p. 1664. v /' 

„ n c \ Bro !l»i ( »ti«n«, Coss., Germ. & Wedd. Introd. Flor. Par. 
(1842), p. 152. 

Nitella Brogmartiana, Coss. & Germ. Flor. Par. (1845), p. 682, 
andAtl. 40 c. v fV 

Chora commutata, Bupr. Symb. ad Hist. pi. Boss. (1845), p. 77. 

Nitella furculata, Nordst. Bot. Notiser, 1863, p. 35. 

Stem rather slender. Branchlets slightly incurved, 6-8 in a 
whorl, once divided into 2-3 long, somewhat acute, 1-celled rays. 
J! ertile whorls usually lax. Nucules 2-3 together, shortly oval, 
8-9-stnate. Globules large. Monoecious. (Tab. 210, f. 18.) 

hx its typical form, slender, flexible, light green, and often 
annular y mcrusted, 1-3 ft. high. The fertile whorls rarely form 
lax heads, when it is /. mbcapitata, Braun. It is only recorded 
trom Europe and America, and is not common in Britain. 

r"onds and pools. June and July. Sussex, W. ; Kent, W. ; 
Surrey; Essex, S. and N.; Herts; Cambridge; Warwick; 
York, N.E. ; Northumberland, S. 

vi. N. opaca Ag. Syst. Alg. (1824), p. 124; Braun, Consp. 
Chai-Europ pi; Braun, B. & S. Exs. 29, 51-3, 77, 105-6; 
Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs. 5-7. 

Charafiexilis, "L." Sm. E. B., 1070 (1802). 

C synearpa, Auct. (non Thuill.), Beichenb. Icon. Bot., f. 1078-9 ; 
Gant. Oesterr. Char., p. 9; Bab. A. N. H., 1850, v., p. 83. 
^ t. fiexdu, var. prolifera, S. E. Gray, Nat. Air. Brit. PI. (1821), 

C. opaca, Ag. in Bruzel. Obs. Char. (1824), pp. 16 and 23. 
U capitata, var. opaca, Braun, Ann. Sc. Nat., 1834, p. 852. 

Par lto£ arPa i5l t ' S '" MU ' C ° SS * Germ< * Wedd ' Intr ° d ' F1 ° r ' 
N. atrovirm* & opaca, Wallm. Act. Stockh., 1854, p. 263-4. 
Stem rather slender. Barren whorls of 6-7 simple, or 2-3- 
rayed branchlets. Fertile whorls forming dense heads (in the 
male plant often much laxer) ; branchlets once divided into 2-3 
(rarely m the male plant 4), acute rays. Nucules 1-3 on each 
branchlet, strongly ; 6-striate. Globuies very large, solitary. 
Dioecious. (Tab. 210, fig. 19.) J & > 

This is a very variable species ; it may usually be distinguished 
by the dense heads, and its ultimately becoming almost black, as 



REMARKS ON BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 167 

well as by the dioecious character, which separates it from N.jiexilis. 
Apparently common in many parts of Europe, and occurring in 
Asia, North Africa, and North America. It is our most frequent 

British Xitella. 

Ponds, pools, ditches, streams, &c. May and June. Corn- 
wall, W. ; Devon, S. ; Wight; Hants, S. ; Sussex, W. and E. ; 
Surrey; Essex, N. ; Oxford; Norfolk E.; Cambridge; North- 
ampton; Salop; Lanes., S; York, M.W.; Durham; Cumberland; 
Fife; Forfar; Aberdeen, S. ; Kerry, N. ; Cork, N. ; Dublin; 
Gahvay, W. ; Leitrim ; Donegal ; Antrim. 

[We have not been able satisfactorily to refer any British plant 
to either of the following species, as it is necessary to examine 
fresh specimens, but probably both occur : — 

N. syncarpa, Chevallier Lutet. Flor. Gen., ed.ii., vol. ii. (1836), 
p. 125; Fviitz. Tab. Phyc, vii., t. 81, f. 2; Braun, B. & S. Exs. 
76 ; Nordst. & Wahlst. Exs. 1, 2. — Chara syncarpa. Thuill. Flor. 
Par. (1799), p. 473 ; Eeichenb. Icon. Bot., f. 1073-5. This differs 
from N. opaca by its very slender habit and simple branchlets in 
the female plant, by the globules and nucules being covered with a 
mucilaginous coating, and by the nucules being faintly striate. 

N. capitata, Ag. Syst. Alg. (1824), p. 125; Braun, B. & S. 
Exs. 26-28, 104; Nordst. & Wahlst., 3, 4. — Chara capiUari*, 
Krocker, Flor. Siles., vol. iii. (1809), p. 62. — C. capitata, Nees, 
Benkschr. der K. Baier. bot. Ges. 1818, p. 80, t. 6. — C. elastica, 
Auiici, Descriz. di alcune sp. nuove di Chara (1827), p. 9, t. 1, 
f . 2 and 3. Female branchlets divided into 2-3 rays. Nucules 
with sharp, prominent spiral cells and, as well as the globules, 
with a mucilaginous coating. Braun has referred specimens in 
Herb. Kew, from Llyn Idwal (W. Wilson), Killamey (Harvey), 
and Kent ' Stowting ' to this species.] 



BEMABKS ON BOTANICAL B1BLIOGBAPHY. 

By B. Daydon Jackson, Sec.L.S. 

Having been engaged for more than two years in preparing a 
kuide to the Literature of Botany (now almost completed) for the 
Index Society, certain defects in the present bibliographical 
authorities have been forced upon mv notice, and I beg to offer 
some suggestions for the guidance of those who may hereafter 
undertake the publication of any work on that subject. Previous 
{J .engaging in the compilation I have mentioned, I had found 
ttitzel's ' Thesaurus Literature Botanicse ' equal to my occasional 
jvants, but constant use for a long time of both editions has 
familiarised me with the merits and defects of that work, probably 
! n a greater degree than the majority of botanists. I will therefore 
ni(lul w i n a f ew remai .i iS on the ' Thesaurus' itself, before setting 
torth my own views upon future bibliography. 



168 REMARKS ON BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

At the outset, let me say that I am not actuated by the slightest 
desire to depreciate the labours of Pritzel ; on the contrary, 
I yield to no one in admiration of the patience and assiduity 
he has displayed in that very painstaking and indispensable volume; 
but whilst fully admitting the great value of the ' Thesaurus,' it 
would be idle and foolish to shut our eyes to its shortcomings. 

The printing of the first edition, which bears the date of 1851 
on the title page, extended from 1847 to 1851, taking in a portion 
of the publications which appeared in 1847. The scheme of the 
work includes not only strictly botanical works, but gardening, 
medical, chemical, and even philological treatises were inserted— 
anything and everything in fact which touched upon plants. So 
comprehensive, indeed, was the plan, that we find entries like the 
following, the claim to admission being decidedly slender:— 

Sendel (Xathanael). Electrologiae per vara tentamina historica 

ac physica continuand* Missus I. . . Elbingro . . . 

1725. 4to. (9555). Followed by three other works, also 

on Amber (9556-8). 

The following have still slighter claims to notice :— 

Sanden (Heinrich von). De succino electricorum principe. 

D. Eegiomonti 1714. 4to. (8985). 

Tod (George). Plans, elevations, and sections of hot-houses, 

green-houses, an aquarium, conservatories, &c, recently 

built in different parts of England, for various noblemen 

and gentlemen. London, . . , 1807. fol. (10346). 

I lie nrst tour fasciculi of the second edition of the ' Thesaurus' 

were issued m 1872, as far as the name Tournefort, and 

thence the publication was suspended in consequence of the illness 

and subsequent death of the author. The work was completed by 

a ' i * • /essen, fasciculi i. to vii. being issued together in 1877. 

as regards the latter portion, it is somewhat difficult to apportion 

the blame, m places where the faulty part might have existed in 

rritzel s manuscript, or was due to the editor undertaking the 

thankless task of completing the labours of another. However, 

W^°ii / n ?r are ambiguous; thus, the editor is clearly 



•Pfprvari +„ a • ' I uei l m S> yu J™", 1870," for if he had 
!w ?% ?■ t . mam i eutry on P" 10 be would have found that 
S if? a ° n a . lr ^ dy reCOT ded. Another singularly unfortu- 
Z It i hp 1$ 1 t0 > f0Uud in Visia ^'« works, where the last 

laces on n f^™ ^ "^ are omitted from their V* *" 
WW 1 l ' aud are mserted iu tlie addenda hi bulk on p. 359. 
oc^rf i ! T" ma ! y be /° ted on P- 502 > **«■ the name of Trim** 

mZSTSSh ? -n emg takeu for 1863 ' and s0 P laced ' the 

, P „ LI r ? d f"""" er > wllilst the third is right- It would 

LiS Z US f \\ 0t t0 h f ai ' tily tlmnk Di ' Jesse11 ^ his labours in the 

ft, n nZ T G P 7stemati « Portion, which he has drawn up in a 

sunnZl frZT 1 * maUner tlian the old ° n *> and moreover has 
dromt n!fT n Pl '7T? edition m ^ ™* unaccountably 
chopped out from the alphabetical portion of ed. ii. 



REMARKS ON BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 169 

The second edition contains publications to the end of 1871; a 
few dated 1872 were probably issued earlier than declared, owing 
to what is unfortunately a common trick on the part of publishers" 
that of post-dating books. The interval of twenty-four years had 
produced a large accession to the number of works which required 
entry, and yet this edition only contains 10871 numbers, against 
11906 in the former issue ; that is to say, in spite of the rapid 
growth of botanical literature in that quarter of a century, fewer 
titles were mustered. How was this compression obtained ? 

The original intention was eminently good, namely, to reject 
those works which were clearly not of botanical interest ; the space 
so gained to be applied for the accommodation of worthier 
productions, so as not to unduly increase the bulk of the edition. 

The unfortunate part of the matter is, that the selection 
appears to have been inconsistently carried out. The exclusion of 
the purely horticultural literature was unquestionably good ; thus, 
m the very first column in ed. i., out of nineteen numbers, only 
nve reappear in ed. ii., ten of the rejected being various treatises 
on Gardening, by Abercrombie. The following, however, are 
amongst the survivals : — 

Guexterrode ( Friedric/i Jmtinian, Freihcrr von). Die Pflaumen. 
Heft. 1-6. Darmstadt, 1804-8. 8vo. (ii. 36.24). Eetained 
presumably on account of its pretty plates. 
Volckamer (Johann Gkriatoph), Nuernbergische Hesperides, 
• . . Nuernberg, 1708. fol. (ii., 9848).— Ibid. Con- 
tinuation [Half-title only] 1714. (ii., 9849). 

11ns production, however, contains some purely botanical 
matter, e.g., Nuernbergische Flora, pp. 209-243, tt. 19. 

Of a more doubtful type are these : — 

Herrera [Gabriel Atoms de). Obra de agricultura. . . . 
1513. fol. (ii., 4007). 

xjlsholz (Johann Siegamxmd). Neuangelegter Gartenbau, oder 
Unterricht von der Gartnerei . . Coelln. a. d. Spree, 
1666. 4to. (ii., 2672). 

Gatterer (Christoph Wilhslm Jakob). Literatur des Weinbaues 
aller Nationen, . . Heidelberg, 1832. 8vo. (ii., 3232). 

ochuehler {(riistav). Untersuchungen ueber Most- und 

Weintraubenarten Wuertemburgs. D. Tuebingen, 1826. 
8vo. (ii., 8428). 

Untersuchunsren ueber Obst- und "Weintraubenarten 



Wuertemburgs. D. Tuebingen, 1827. 8vo. (ii., 8430). 
Ihe next examples have a very dubious claim to inclusion : — 
ochuebler (G.) Untersuchungm ueber die Eegenverhaeltnisse 
der schwaebischen Alp und des Schwarzwalds. D. 
Tuebin-en, 1832, 8vo. (ii., 8445). 

Untersuchungen ueber die Temperaturverhaeltnisse 
der schwaebischen Alp. D. Tuebingen, 1831. 8vo. (ii.,8489). 
i V( ;nture to think that the next three should have been 
sciudecl without the slightest hesitation :— 

L*atio (Xicoians).] Fruit Walls improved, by inclining them 



to the Horizon. London, 1699. 4to. (ii., 2819). 



z 



170 REMARKS ON BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

* 

Fleischer (Georg Christian). Lilia Bubenis, sire Dissertatio 
philologica-critica. . . . D. Hafniae, 1703. 4to. (ii., 

2932). 
Hagendorn (Ehrenfried). Tractatus physico-medicus de Catechu 

si ve terra japonica. Jenae, 1679. 8vo. (ii., 3692), 
The next examples are mere excerpts from various journals, 
and have no claim to be considered independent works : 

Encontre (Daniel). Additions a la Flore biblique de Sprmgel. 

[Montpellier, 1811.] 8vo. (ii., 2684). 

Becherches sur la botanique des anciens. [Mont- 



pellier, 1813.] 8vo. (ii., 2685). 

Trecul (Awfuste). Becherches sur la structure et le developpe- 
ment du Nuphar lutea. [Paris, 1843.] 8vo. (ii., 9468). 

In such cases as the last three it would surely have been better 
to have excluded them as the majority of similar tracts have been 
treated, as for instance was done in a wholesale manner in the 
case of J. F. C. Montagne, where twenty-three papers, entered under 
his name in Ed. i., do not appear in Ed. ii. Previous to the 
publication of the Koyal Society's Catalogue of Scientific Papers 
there was a great inducement to include such, lest they might be 
overlooked, but now there can be little gained by such partial 
cataloguing. 

So far I have named books and pamphlets which might have 
been excluded with advantage ; I now turn to the consideration of 
those which were rejected in the compilation of the second edition. 
What were the grounds of shutting out publications like these ?— 

Durazzo (Ippolito). II giardino botanica deUo Zerbino ossia 
catalogo delle piante ivi coltivate. Genova, 1804. 8vo. 
(i., 2845). 

Eaton (Amos). Botanical Exercises. • . . Albany, 1820. 



8vo. (i., 2884). 



Wachsthum 



Hirschfeld (Wilhelm). Die Ernaehrung und das 

der Pflanzen nach dem neuesten chemischen und physik- 

alischen Beobachtungen Kiel, 1844. 8vo. 

.(i., 4510). 
I might easily multiply these examples to a very large total, if 
it were needed, but these will suffice to show that, probably, several 
hundreds of titles have been thrown out by what appears to me 
serious errors of judgment. For samples of wholesale rejection let 
a comparison be made of such names as James Petiveb and 
Bafinesque in the respective editions. 



such 



lm 



? 



as 



Mueller (Karl August). Synopsis muscorum frondosorum 
omnium hucusque cognitorurn. . . Berolini, 1849-50. 
2 vols. 8vo. 
Hofmeister ( Wilhelm), &c. Handbuch der physiologie. Leipzig* 

1867-8. 8vo. 
The other volumes by A. de Bary and J. Sachs are given by 
Pritzel, but the two contributions by the author whose name is 
given as the director of the series, are thus omitted. 



REMARKS ON BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 171 

The editor, Dr. Jessen, has done his best to palliate some of 
his author's omissions by supplying the titles in the systematic 
portion of the ' Thesaurus.' For instance — 

Merrett (Christopher). Pinax rerum naturalium britannicarum 
. . . Londini, 1667, 8vo (i., 6813), will be found in 
ed. ii. only on page 500. 

This of course is but a partial remedy, for a book is almost 

entirely hidden if it cannot be seen on reference to the alphabetical 
part. 

The conspicuous advantages of the second edition consist of 
references to the Catalogue of Scientific Papers, and biographical 
notices of the various authors. These notices, however, are not 
invariably accurate : F. T. Pursh is represented as being bom in 
1794, twenty years later than the fact, and Sauvages has a perfect 
web of mis-statements about him. The entry stands thus :— 
"Boissierde la Croix de Sauvages, Pierre AugusUn (Sauvagesia, 
Jacq.) * Alais (Gard), 28 Aug., 1710, t Alais, 19 Dec, 1795." 
Corrected it should run thus: — " Boissier de la Croix de 
Sauvages, Francois, (Sauvagesia, Jacq.) * Alais (Gard), 12 May, 

1706, f Montpellier, 19 Feb., 1767/' The younger brother, a 
theological writer, has here been mistaken for the botanist. 

This brings me to the subject of the numerous misprints in the 
second edition, the first being conimendably free from them. 
Cross-references were not overabundant in the previous issue, but 
they are almost wholly absent from the second, also the 
references to the collections in which the scarcer books are to be 
found, are less numerous than in the old edition; in the second 
becoming rarer as the printing of the work progressed, until the 
final sheets are nearly free from them. 

I have further to point out the large number of duplicate, and 
even triplicate, entries to be found in ed. ii. I join issue on the 
propriety of giving a second number, when any work is mentioned 
m the Addenda, for the sake of supplying additional information. 
As a single example I adduce, Martius, Flora Brasiliensis 
(ii. 5902 and 10603), the latter entry informing us of the issue 
of fasciculi 51-56 ; here the number of the main entry should have 
been given, and not a new one, as if it were a different book. 
But I more particularly complain of a state of things like this :— 

Annals of Botany, by Charles Konig and John Sims. London, 
1805-6. 2 vols. 8vo. (ii. 10687 and 4799). 

The Phytologist. . . London, 1842-51. 8vo. (ii. 10840, 
5696, and 6687). 

Ibid. [New Series.] London, 1855-63. 8vo. (ii. 10841, 
4500, and mentioned in a note under ii. 5696). 

Pfeiffer (Liuhr'uf). Bynonymia botanica locuplehisima genera 
... Cassellis, 1870. 8vo. (ii. 7109 and 10617). 

I have marked more than fifty of these duplicate entries in my 
own copy of Pritzel. As as instance of one error causing another, 
i may point out the case of Franz Romeo Seligmann, whose 
three productions (ii. 8570-2) are inserted between Secretan 
and Seeman on page 298, instead of their proper place on page 



172 EEMARKS ON BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

294, between Selig and Semmedi. This omission was apparently 
noticed during the printing, and led to these three being also 
given in the addenda (ii. 10636-8). 

To conclude the very unpleasant task of fault-finding, I must 
record my vigorous protest against the manner in which Pritzel 
has altered the spelling of the Christian names of many of the 
writers. The most flagrant instance of this unwarrantable liberty, 
I think, will be found in Carl Anton Meyer; both in Latin and 
German he seems invariably to have spelt his name with a C, yet 
Pritzel chooses to give him a K, the consequence being that this 
author is driven out of his rightful position in the alphabet, where 
he should be placed third amongst the Meyers, to the tenth place, 
so rendering his productions liable to be overlooked. The absurdity 
is immensely heightened hy the quotation of the well known 
initials in more than one place, <?.//., Smielowsky, Timothem, . . 
(Smielowskia, C. A. M.), p. 299. According to the main entries 
of author's names in Pritzel, these initials, C. A. M., will only 
fit Charles Ain/unte Moisand, in whose 'Flore Nantaise' (ii. 6355) 
we might vainly seek for the genus Smielowskia. 

Thus far I have pointed out the most noteworthy deficiencies 
in our standard botanical bibliography ; I now proceed to indicate 
what appear to me requisites in any future similar undertaking. 

In the first place, what should be included? Besides the 
various systematic, descriptive, and physiological books, about 
which no doubt can exist, there must remain a very large 
number of productions which can be, as it were, only admitted 
on sufferance, or rejected with some misgiving. From the classics 
of the science, there is a gradual descent to the veriest trash; 
from indispensable authorship to utterly worthless effusions. 
It would be found almost impossible to draw up rigid rules of 
inclusion and exclusion which would work satisfactorily, without 
judging each doubtful case on its own merits. I think that every 
publication which has for its object the diffusion of knowledge 
about plants, in structure, affinities, and functions, apart from 
J? y /i ™ ian or cultural consideration, must be included; 
tlie difficulties only begin when we take in hand the outlying 
divisions, such as elementary or economic botany, and travels. 
As l Have said before, each book must be separately judged, 
but I would strongly urge that as many as can fairly be included, 
BAOuia be, lor over-inclusion is far more readily pardoned than 
omissions, and a complete bibliography should clearly err on 
mat side. It will be for the future bibliographer to choose his own 
method of work, but lie will act discreetly by omitting all purely 
agricultural, gardening, chemical, and philological treatises, 
confmmg himself to Botany simply; he will find ample employ- 
ment lor his powers within the limits thus circumscribed. 

1 Have taken for granted that nothing will be catalogued which 

as no chum to be treated as an independent publication. An 

important point now rises for settlement: what constitutes a 

separate work ? A bona Me reprint from any periodical or 

tiansactions, which has been specially set up in type, is admittedly 



REMARKS ON BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 173 

an independent production, but where is the line to be drawn 
between such, and the merest cutting from a journal? In the 
numerous means which lie between these extremes, where can we 
say, this shall be included, and that rejected ? I think the canon 
I have laid down for my own guidance a sufficiently satisfactory 
one, and it has been approved by competent judges in this country. 
I hold that every reprint which possesses a full title-page and 
independent pagination, even if the original paging be also 
retained, is, to all intents and purposes, a separate work, and must 
be catalogued as such ; if, in addition, the original medium of 
publication be given by the bibliographer, so much the better. 
To exemplify my meaning as to fall and half-titles, Dillenius's 
4 Hortus Elthamensis' has a full title to vol. i., but only a half-, 
or as some style it, a bastard-title, to vol. ii., running thus, 
"Plantarum rariorum horti Elthamensis. Tomus alter., " and 
nothing more. The rule just enuuciated may sometimes require 
to be relaxed, to admit such cases as Coemans* ' Spicileges 
mycologiques,' Nos. 1-8, Brux., 1862-3, 8vo. (ii., 1722), which 
were reprinted from the ' Bull. Bot. Belg.,' but can only boast 
of a half-title. Apart from evident exceptions like these, both 
criteria should be maintained. Much depends upon the printers, 
some of whom issue the reprints from societies' publications in a 
form suitable for inclusion under our rule, others so as to be 
invariably shut out. As many editions should be described as 
known, with their successive editors. 

How should the entries be arranged ? As in Pritzel, in the 
alphabetical order of the authors' names ; we want primarily an 
approximately complete list of books, as near to a perfect library 
catalogue as possible ; an Index rerum is an adjunct to this, but 
should not take its place. Dryanders Catalogus is an example of 
the results to which excessive refinements in arrangement may 
lead ; we are obliged to consult the alphabetical list of authors in 
the fifth volume before we can find particulars of the books in the 
other four. 

The name of each author, as a heading to his list of 
productions, should be expressed in his vernacular, with his 
Christian names in full, as he himself spelled them ; or if he varied 
the spelling, then according to the majority of instances, or his 
usage in his later years, with the dates and places of his birth and 
death, and other particulars, similarly to Pritzel. I have said, in 
the author's native language, for we have no right to alter or 
mutilate a man's name, as unfortunately the manner of some is. 
I fear that no nation can be held free from the reproach of doing 
this in some degree, but the French cultivate this vice to excess, 
and the Germans follow hard after them. Cross-references should 
be inserted in their proper places, to guide the readers to the main 
entry. For example, let the main entry be : — 

L'Escluse, Jules Charles tie, (Clusia, Linn.) *Arras, 19 Febr., 

rm 1526. fLeiden, 4 Apr., 1609. 

-Lhen would follow the biographical notices, as in the ' Thesaurus,' 
a &d the books in chronological order ; where several editions of 



174 REMARKS ON BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

the same work are given, I prefer to let the date of the last edition 
determine its place in the list, since therein the author has had an 
opportunity of expounding his latest views. The cross-references 
in this instance would be : — 

Clusius, Carolus, vide L'Escluse. 
L'Ecluse, Charles, vide L'Escluse. 
Each work should have the full title-page recited (excluding the 
laudatory epithets, which are sometimes made so prominent), the 
place, with publisher's name and date. The pagination of each 
volume should be stated, together with the number of plates, and 
the size of the book so expressed as never to be mistaken for pages, 
thus, 4to, 8vo, or 4o, 80, etc. Any omissions from the full 
title, where necessary, as for instance where it is interrupted 
by a long adulation to the Pra?ses or similar functionary, should 

be shown by " ," r some such well-known sign. 

Additions to be included in square brackets, thus : — 

Cakuel (/•'.) Florida [dell' isola] di Montecristo. Milano, 
1864. 8vo. (ii. 1564). 

The words so inclosed do not stand part of the title, but were 
printed in the ' Thesaurus ' as if they formed an integral part 
thereof. Information afforded by the bibliographer, when not in 
the form of notes in smaller type, should also be enclosed in square 
brackets, so that the authors of anonymous works, when known, 
and ascertained dates which are not actually declared in the work 
itself should be so marked. I consider that the date of presentation 
ot a thesis is not necessarily the date of publication, thus, the date 
... . die xxx. Decembris . . . ." only fixes the time of 
oral delivery, and by no means the absolute date of publication, as 
commonly understood. Such date should therefore always be 
given, as for instance, [1850] , for in these theses the foot of the 
title-page mentions the place of issue and the printer or publisher, 
but n o date. Again, if the author's name be absent from the 
title-page, but supplied in his preface without any chance of 
mistake, I am not sure that I would bracket it ; but if there should 
be more than one introductory epistle, and error may occur in 
assigning the authorship, then I would show m Y sense of these 
circumstances by brackets. As an example, notice " Hortus 
regms. Pansns 1665. fol.," which may be found variously 
catalogued under Vallot or Joncquet from this very cause. 

Another item of much-needed reform is in the indexing of 
tneses tlie present no-system being to rank them sometimes 
under the name of the Praeses, sometimes under that of the 
J^esponsor. A certain measure of excuse may be found for this in 

^LIT U p am0Unt ° f , authorshi P : thus, whilst we find in many 
™»!« \ e \ 18 absolutel y the author, in perhaps as many 
ST 8 , tru , e wnter " tne Responsor. Linnams corrected with 
Ins own hand some of the theses which appear in the • Amcenitates 
academic* ; examples maybe seen in the Banksian library and 
probably elsewhere, so that he must be herein credited with 
editorship at least The most flagrant instance of the abuse of 

tins system that I know of is A-urdh's • Ai,Wi«,«i W.anici.' 1). 



REMARKS ON BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 175 



i.-xvi. Lundas, 1817. 8vo, Here sections of two or three sheets 
are allotted as theses to sixteen students, the sentences often 
running on from one to another, even a fraction of a word like 
Mo-no- being divided between two Eesponsors. The pagination is 
continuous, irrespective of the several title-pages which are dropped 
in at these intervals. I consider the best way out of the present 
bad state of things is, to arrange the theses, when the Praeses is 
named, under his name, with a cross-reference to it from the name 
of the Eesponsor, the actual or reputed author. By this means 
the large collections under such names as Linnaeus, Wedel, and 
Thunberg would still be kept intact, whilst a ready means would 
be afforded of getting at the works themselves when only the name 
of the Responsor happens to be known. 

The cataloguing of anonymous works need not offer any great 
difficulty ; I think the plan adopted by Pritzel in ed. ii. is good 
enough for practical purposes, although susceptible of improvements 
in details. It is, to arrange such works in a separate section, and 
to take the first substantive in all languages as the key-word to 



determine their special alphabetical order. This regulation would 
present the eccentricities which too often may be met with, as for 
instance, hi the indexes to Bonplandia, where unimportant words, 
as Der, Die, Wie are used, to the complete hiding of the important 
words in the titles. Indexes are rarely pleasant reading, and 
should be helps, not hindrances like those in Bonplandia, which 
almost compel the searcher to read them through to ascertain if 
the information he seeks is contained in the volumes consulted. 
Almost as great a nuisance are separate indexes for different 
languages, but this custom is giving way to the sensible plan of 
one comprehensive index for the whole. 

Pritzel' s example of the very useful index to anonymous works, 
which are ranged under the putative authors, should be followed 
m the future bibliography; likewise, the index to names incidentally 
mentioned in the titles of books, or not standing first in joint- 
authors' names. The system of numbering the various works, as 
in the 'Thesaurus,' is decidedly good, and well worthy of 
imitation. 

Books not actually handled should have the derivation of the 
title appended. Uniformity is also requisite in spelling out, or 
otherwise the diphthongs, a>, oe, and the modified vowels, a, o, u, 
as ae, oe, ue. The Scandinavian a should be arranged m 
the ordinary sequence with ft, and not at the end of the 
alphabet. 

I here quote the rules laid down by the Index Society, for 
ensuring uniformity in the troublesome matter of prefixes, as 
haying been carefully drawn up, and substantially m accord with 
ftifaehi usage in Ed. ii., where he abandoned some of the modes 
adopted in Ed. i. 

"Proper names ... to be alphabetically arranged under the 

prefixes : — 



176 REMARKS ON BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Dal as Dal Sie. 
Del „ Del Bio. 
Delia ,, Delia Casa. 
Des ,, Des Cloisseaux. 
wt under the prefixes 



Du as Du Bois. 

La ,, La Condamine. 
Le , , Le Sage. 



D" as Abbadie not D'Abbadie. 

Da „ Silva „ Da Silva. 

De „ La Place ,, De La Place. 

Von „ Humboldt „ Von Humboldt. 

Van „ Beneden ,, Van Beneden. 

" It is an acknowledged principle that when the prefix is a 
preposition it is to be rejected, but when an article it is to be 
retained. When, however, as in the case of the French Du, Des, 
the two are joined, it is necessary to retain the preposition. This 
also applies to the case of the Italian Delia, which is often rejected 
by cataloguers." 

Last, but scarcely least, the vile practice of intermingling 
I with J, and U with V, must be eschewed as a relic of barbarism ; 
the nuisance of having to discover a name like Ives, and finding 
it sandwiched between Juery and Jueterbock, must be felt to be 
duly appreciated. 

Assuredly no light task will devolve upon the future botanical 
bibliographer. In addition to the comparison of Pritzel's 
' Ihesaurus' with the actual volumes, title by title, the wonderfully 
rapid growth of botanical literature will inevitably render the 
undertaking one of much time and great labour. In exemplification 
ol the astounding increase in scientific writing, we may take the 
Koyal Society's ' Catalogue of Scientific Papers * ; vols. i. to vi. 
contain 5743 pages, or an average of 91 pages for each of the 63 
years included therein ; vols. vii. and viii. have 2357 pages between 

aIohoT m a fraction of 2 36 pages for each year between 1864 
and 1873! To accomplish the task, the chief cities of Europe, at 
least, must be visited, and every available library, whether public 
or private, thoroughly searched. My own recent experience has 
taught me the very great difficulty experienced in working up the 
iterature of one s own country, and the difficulty is certainly not 
lessened when foreign literature is also undertaken. For example, 
the library of the herbarium at Kew is extremely rich : as a working 
library, I do not think it is likely to be equalled by any other 
extant certainly not surpassed. But elementary works, which 
constitute no small proportion of botanical publications, are hardly 

,•«♦»%! V SUch books would be useles s lumber in a library 

ntended as an acljiinct to the herbarium. Nor does the general 



iin n +u „* a- t t ™ ou i'i' 1 .y "us aenciency, ior, iroin m* 

death of Sir Joseph Banks in 1820 until the passing of the 

S ?/ n C V n l 847 V * WaS Sim ^ an ^ °* g™c P e ™ * lie P art 

Sr sr to n? epo 2 it a c °py of his issues in the cbief 

i a Uonal library. Therefore between these dates the library of 
L^^/^r^^.^^PP^^ingly poor in our native 



which ought to be there, but are not. This state of things is not 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 177 

confined to one country alone, as I have good reason for knowing; 
the difficulty of getting at locally and privately printed books is one 
of the problems of librariaiiship in the present day. 

At no very distant date the literature of Botany will have 
assumed such portentous dimensions that it will be impossible for 
any one man to compile its bibliography with any pretence to 
completeness. Then it will most likely be found necessary to work 
in combination, each conn try or literary centre contributing its 
own elaborated quota for final incorporation by one editor. 

My own endeavours to compile some sort of supplement to 
Pritzel (combined with a selected list of botanical works) can only be 
considered as suggestive. I was naturally compelled to work in 
the methods adopted by the Index Society, to the necessary 
exclusion of fall bibliographical details, but I think I have done 
enough to show how much remains yet to do. From the Kew 
library alone I gathered nearly one thousand titles not given in the 
1 Thesaurus,' a very large proportion being of earlier date than 
1872. This resulted from systematic comparison of each volume with 
the ' Thesaurus,' a long, but satisfactory task, and one which Pritzel 
had not accomplished during his brief visit to this country. Until 
the printing of my Quids is complete, I cannot be sure of the 
actual number of "additional works enumerated therein, but I 
believe that it will amount to more than four thousand. The 
weakest department in the < Thesaurus,' that of English botanical 
literature, has of course claimed my earnest attention, and, were 
it on that account alone, I venture to hope that my compilation 
Eiay prove useful to the commonwealth of botanists, to whom I 
dedicate my efforts. 



ON THE BOTANY OP THE BRITISH POLAR 

EXPEDITION OF 1875-6. 

By Henry Chichester Hart, B.A., Naturalist to H.M.S. 

4 Discovery/ 

(Continued from p. 145.) 

Kanu/iculus nivalis, L. {l\. sulphur tut, Sol.) 

Dist. 5.7. Lat. 78° 18' to 78° 50'. E. and W. 

Luxuriant at Foulke Fiord and along Hayes Sound. 
700 feet at Foulke Fiord. 

■a. lapponicu8, L. 

Jist. 1 2. Lat. 69° 15' to 72° 20'. G. 

Not uncommon at Disco, and frequently showing its flowers 
and terminal leaf alone through the snow. Very luxuriant in the 
\ alley behind the village at Proven. 

300 to 3000 feet ahove sea-level at Disco. 

& pygmmt, Wahl. 

£ist.. 1 2 3 -. Lat 69° 15' to 72° 48'. G. 
Especially common at Upernavik. 

2 A 



178 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 



R. hyperboreus, Rottb. 
Dist. 1 - 3. Lat. 69° 15' to 72° 48'. G. 

Disco and Upernavik. In very wet ground near Upernavik 
Settlement, this plant is common. 

Papaveracea. 
Pa paver nudicaule, L. 

Dist. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13. Lat. 68° 42' to 83° 4'. 
E., W., and G. 

This plant, the purple Saxifrage, and a grass (Afopecurus alpinus), 
were gathered north of the 83rd parallel of lat. by Lieut. Aldrich, 
R.N., the most northern land yet visited by man. One form of this 
species is usually of a very different appearance from the other, which 
is, I believe, P. alpinim. P. nudicaule (by far the commonest) 
has the leaf-segments ovate, with rounded, or sometimes bristle- 
pointed extremities, the petals of a deeper yellow, and more 
commonly turning to a metallic-green (not " blue-black," as fre- 
quently described), and the leaves more glabrous; it occurs in ail 
sorts of available situations, and is usually the first to appear upon 
drifting glacial mud, but it attains a far more luxuriant growth 
upon rich organic soil, as that below the bird cliffs at Foulke 
Fiord. It will hold up its petals through the snow long after other 
flowers have disappeared. In flower at Discovery Bay July 2. 

Polaris Bay (coll. Copp.) ; Shift Budder Bay (coll. Moss) ; Floe- 
berg Beach and Cape Joseph Henry (H. W. F.) ; Ward Hunt Island, 
lat. 83° 4', and Cape Alexandria, lat. 83° 2' (Lieut. Aldrich). 

Sea-level to 2000 feet in Discovery Bay. 

P. alpinwn, L., var. 

Dist. - 2 - ... 7 - - - 11 12 13. Lat. 72° 20' to 82° 27'. 
E., W., and G. 

This variety is not nearly so common as the last, but increase^ 
towards the north. It has the leaf segments more rigid, nearly 



linear, and of a darker green, sometimes quite glaucous ; the petals 
are often pale yellow, and occasionally white, and the hairs on the 
peduncle more adpressed. It was to be met with only at low levels 
and upon an inorganic soil, and its petals did not wither to a 
verdigris green as much as in the last variety. The difference in 
the leaves and adpression of stem hairs is somewhat similar to 
that between the two common English poppies. 

C 'r ucif e 77/'. 
Tiirrith mollis, Hook. 

Dist. - 2. Lat. 72° 20'. G. 

In small quantities at Proven ; not mentioned north of lat. 70 
by Lange. 

Arabu alpina, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Very luxuriant at Englishman's Bay, Disco. 

bea-level to 800 feet at Lyngemarken, Disco. 

Cardamuu beUidijolia, L. 

Dist - 1 2 - - 5 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 47'. E.,W., & 0- 






ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 179 

Especially common at Foulke Fiord, between the foot of the 
glacier and the sea. Frequent in Discovery Bay, and occurring 
sparingly in St. Patrick's Bay. 

Sea level to 100 feet in Foulke Fiord. 

C. pratensis, L. 

Bist. 1 - - 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. W. and G. 

Growing in small quantities in Englishman's Bay, Disco; not 

again met with until reaching Discovery Bay, where I found a few 

plants amongst wet moss (Splacknum Wonnskiolrfii) on a slope having 

a southern aspect near sea-level, about two miles to the west of 

Discovery Harbour. Lange gives 09° 14' as the northern range of 

this plant in Greenland ; its reappearance at so high a latitude is 

very interesting. The Discovery Bay specimens were hardly less 

luxuriant than the Disco ones ; neither had any symptoms of 
flowering. 

Sea-level to 400 feet in Disco. 

Vesicaria arctica, Rich. 

Dist. 1 7 - - - 11 12. Lat.69°42'to81°42'. E.,W.,&G. 

Locally common, but absent from many stations ; at the head of 
Svarte-vogel Bay, near Rittenbank. Common on Bellot Island and 
in Discovery Bay. Has an erect habit at first, but at length pros- 
trate. Requires dry soil and low levels. 

Polaris Bay (coll. Copp.) Hayes Sound (H. W. F.) 

Sea-level to 400 feet in Discovery Bay. 

D. mem*, L. Dist. 1 -. 

Englishman's Bay, Disco. 
Disco, coll. Moss. 

Draba rupestris, Br. 

Dist. 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1112 13. Lat. 68° 42' to 82° 27'. 

n E.,W., andG. 

Common everywhere. Polaris Bay (coll. Copp.) ; Floeberg Beach 
(H. W. F. and coll. Moss). In flower June 23rd Discovery Bay. 
Sea-level to 500 feet at Discovery Bay. 

D. rupestris, var. parviftora, Oliver. „ _ 

Dist. 1 - 12 13. Lat. 69° 15' to 82° 27'. W.&G. 

This very minute Draba is so named by Professor Oliver. It 
appeared to me a very distinct form. Very caespitose in habit, the 
whole plant about a quarter of an inch in height, and bearing a 
u ny head or umbel of pale yellow flowers, no bigger than those of 
°ur Allseed {Badiola miller-ana). In flower by the 10th June, and 
™d disappeared at the end of the month. 

Disco, Englishman's Bay, rare. Discovery Bay, especially near 
*«*andra hake. Floeberg Beach (coll. Moss >. 

tv *»<lrotacea, Wahl (et vars.) 

Dls t- 1 2 3. Lat. 09° 15' to 72° 48'. G. 

£> : tOpina, L. (var. hUpida). ■ _ .__ 

Dlst 5 6-89- 11 12 13. Lat. 78° 18' to 82° 50'. E.&W. 

Increasing to the north. Pale yellow glabrous forms of D. alpma, 
mQh occurred in Discovery Bay, appeared to me impossible to 



180 ON THR BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 



separate from I>. and rosacea, Walil., which is often pale yellow ; the 
colours white and yellow are of no value in describing a species in 
these latitudes. In flower June 29th, Discovery Bay ; Floeberg 
Beach (coll. Moss); Cape Joseph Henry (H. W. F.) 
Sea-level to 2000 feet in Discovery Bay. 

]). alpina (var. iilabra). 

Dist. 1 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. W. and G. 

Englishman's Bay, Disco, and Discovery Bay. 

IK muriceUa, Wahl. 

Dist. 1 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. W. and G. 

Disco in small quantities, and again at Discovery Bay. Very 
close to 1). rupestris, but narrower in the lanceolate silicles, and 
generally to be distinguished by the keeled leaf and stellate down ; 
it varies much in the degree of hairiness. This species was late 
in flowering ; it is not included in Lange's Greenland list. 

200 feet in Musk Ox Fiord. 

]>. hirta, L. 

Dist. 1 2 3 - - - 7 - - - 11 12. Lat 69° 15' to 81° 42'. E./W.&G. 
Decreasing and becoming stunted to the north ; flowers of a 
paler yellow at Dobbin Bay. Flowering June 29th, Discovery Bay. 
500 feet at Disco. 

Cochlearia officinalis, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Abundant at Disco, especially about the governor's house. 

C. officinalis (var. i/nenlantlica). 

Dist. - - 3 - 5 6 11 12. E. and W. 

Polaris Bay (coll. Copp.) 

C. am/lica, L. (var. fenestrata, Br.) 

Dist - " f 12 13. Lat. 72° 20' to 82° 27'. W. & G. 

In dry rocky situations at Proven. Very local about Discovery 
Bay; in river-beds at Watercourse Bay, to the north-east of Dis- 
covery Bay, St. Patrick's Bay ; Floeberg Beach (H. W. F. and coll. 

Moss). Sea-level to 400 feet upon raised beaches at St. Patrick's 
Lay. 

Hesperis Pailasii, T. & G. (Cheiranthus vugmam, Adams, H. 

minima, T. & G.) UJ 

£. Lst - 5 12. Lat. 78° 18' to 81° 42'. E. & W. 

.birst met with at Foulke Fiord, where it was very plentiful; 



ery 



Some- 



times very luxuriant ; one plant in Discovery Bay had thirteen 
flowering branches from one rootstock, making a beautiful rose- 
coloured bouquet, with a faint sweet scent like hawthorn. Plants 
on tfeliot Island were from eight to ten inches in height, and bore 
great numbers of long fruit-pods. Sometimes the flowers of this 
species were tenanted by a minute red dipterous insect. Bequires 
a dry situation. In flower 29th June. 

Braya alpina, Sternb. 

Di8t - 8 9 - 11 12 13. Lat. 79° 28' to 82° 27'. E.&W. 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION, 181 

First met with this plant on the limestone cliffs of Walrus (Nor- 
man Lockyer) Island at about 500 feet elevation ; at Cape Collinson, 
lat. 80° 3'. Not unfrequent in Discovery Bay and St. Patrick's 
Bay; Polaris Bay (coll. Copp.) ; Floeberg Beach (coll. Moss). 
Flowering in Discovery Bay July 7th. 
Sea-level to 500 feet on Walrus Island. 



Viola palustris 9 L. ? 
Dist. 1. Lat. 63° 42'. 



Viola ce(r. 



* 

I insert this doubtfully ; a leaf gathered upon Egedesmiude at 
the end of September, 1876, seemed to belong to this species. Lange 
limits it to 64° hi Greenland, but Hooker gives it an Arctic range. 

Sitene acaulis, L. 

Dist. 1 2 3 - - - 7 12. Lat 68° 46' to 81° 40'. W. & G. 

Very abundant at Disco, along the summit of cliffs to the west 
of Englishman's Bay. This plant formed beautiful beds of pink 
against and amongst the snow (13th July). After leaving Uper- 
navik it did not appear again till we came to Hayes Sound, where 
it was plentiful at the Deserted Village, Bellot Island, Discovery 
Bay (Feilden and Moss). 

Sea-level at Hayes Sound to 1300 feet at Disco. 

Caryoplujlhteea, 
Lychnis apetala, L. 

Dist. 5 6 7 8 - - - 12. Lat. 78° 18' to 81° 52'. E. & W. 

First met with true L. apetala at Foulke Fiord ; it was after- 
wards frequent in heavy wet soil. Common at Discovery Bay. 
The usual form of the group to the northward. Shift Rudder Bay 
(coll. Moss.) Flowered July 8th in Discovery Bay, growing on 
^organic soil. 

Sea-level to 1000 feet in Musk Ox Fiord. 

L. atfinis, Wahl. (Wafdbergelta titfiuis, Fries). 
Dist. 1 2 3 - - - 7 - - - 11 12. Lat.G9 15'to81°42'. E.,W.,&G. 
Very luxuriant at Proven. Decreasing and becoming stunted 
jo the north. I agree with Fries in keeping this a distinct species 



from L. ajietala. In 

(coll. Copp.) 



Upernavik 



Sea-level to 500 feet in Discovery Bay. 

L. afrnis, Wahl., var. trithra, Br. 

Dist. - 2 3 - 5 12. Lat. 72° 20' to 81° 42'. E.,W., & G. 

A very pretty plant, and dowering profusely with the last about 
™e settlement at Proven, at Foulke Fiord, and again at Bellot 
| s land. This form always appeared at low levels, and, with the 
ast > Preferred a rich organic soil. Upernavik (coll. Copp.) 

** ulpina, L. 

^st. 1. Lat. 69° 15' to 69° 42'. G. 
r *J are - Lyngeinarken, Disco, and also gathered at Rittenbank 
y vr. Coppiuger. 



182 



WILHELM PHILIP SCHIMPER. 



Armaria rubella, Br. 

Disk. 1 2 - - 5 G 7 - - - - 12 13. Dat. 69° 15' to 82 3 27'. 
E., W., and G. 

A variable plant, and depending much upon shelter for its 
habit of growth ; always found in small patches or in single plants. 
Densely caespitose at first, straggling and far-trailing at the close 
of the season. Frequent in Discovery Bay. 

Sea-level to 350 or 400 feet in Discovery Bay. 

A. aretica, Stev. (Ahine bijiora, Wahl.) 

Dist. 1 2. Lat. 69? 15' to 72° 20'. G. 

Disco and Proven ; especially common along the sea-side to the 
west of Englishman's Bay. 

A. granlandica, Bpr, 

Dist - 12. Lat. 81° 42'. W. 

This plant was very rare in Discovery Bay, and had neither 
buds nor flowers. It has hitherto been believed to be confined 
to a few localities in the mountains of North-East America, 
Juliane haab and Godthaab in South Greenland, and Upernavik 
in Aortli Greenland. 

(To be continued.) 



WILHELM PHILIP SCHIMPER. 

Wilhelm Philip Schimper was born at Bornheim, in Alsace, on 

January 8th 1808. In early life he devoted his attention to 

mosses and to fossil plants; and to these apparently widely 

emoved subjects of study he devoted his life. Few scientific men 

present themselves to their fellow -workers at once as the author of 

Jl!™ f U /i mouo ° 1 ' a P h of a great family ; but Schimper, having 
seemed the co-operation of Bruch and Giimbel, made his first 
puhhc appearance in 183G as the editor and chief author of the 
-bijologia Luropaea.' A short paper on five new Chilian mosses 
appeared in the same year in the French - Annales,' but Schimper's 
time was so fully occupied with the labours connected with the 

P fl ?,Wni WOV \ 8 T oi . L hs lif *-the < Bryologia ' and his < Traite de 
Paleontologie Vege tale '-that he published comparatively few 
short memoirs. The great labour of the ' Bryologia ' fell chiefly 

SiSr Pet ! . mdeed Bmch died in ^e Progress of the work, and 
of S It* aSslstance 1 w f ™ l J temporary. The wonderful drawings 
mJe L T C16S Wh i Ch illust ™te the various monographs that 
me^nn a? X V0lu T 80f the 'Bryologia' are lasting nionu- 
whh l,/nl 1S lgenCe ' abilit ^' aud critical knowledge. Beginning 
a m „, In* f TT °i S C T C 7 W '> he S ives for each species such 

tint thf ° f detw l ™ th "*■** t0 the various parts Lid organs 
elicit nothing seftniK in m w<- a„. *„±^_ _ *. i _ ?-n. 



nen o J. "f T J°, be left for future systematic workers with 
but fnrS lhe V<".'/»« were not included in this great work, 

1860 h?n?J) ^a 1 ' I "4 S ° t0 s P° ak - supplementary volume. Li 
into a J2 f a ^ h r k to the European MoLes, reducing 

Tl Hbp S r° } U T hlS labourH of neai -!y a quarter of a century. 
Itoa he published as a « Synopsis Muscorum Europreorum.' A 



WILHELM PHILIP SCHIMPER. 183 

second edition appeared in 1876. The persistent labours which 
resulted in these works could only have been accomplished by an 
enthusiast ; and the enthusiasm of Schimper may be estimated by 
the fact that he collected with his own hands the greater proportion 
of the species figured by him in the neighbourhood of Strasburg, 
chiefly hi the Black Forest and in the Vosges. As he was busily 
engaged during the week, and unable to take from his official 
hours time for these muscological excursions, he was in the habit 
of starting on Saturday afternoons, when he had finished his week's 
labours, and walking all night to the locality which he proposed to 
explore. He carried with him the small supply of food that he 
required, and the apparatus necessary for collecting. The day- 
light of Sunday he actively gave to collecting, and when darkness 
put a stop to his work he set out with his burden of mosses on 
his back, on his return to Strasburg, arriving in time for the 
official work of Monday ; and this was not a rare, but, on the con- 
trary, almost a weekly practice with Schimper. 

AMiile Schimper's fame will always rest mainly on his bryolo- 
gical works, yet his contributions to Vegetable Paleontology repre- 
sent by themselves labours that might have occupied a busy life 
entirely devoted to them. In 1844 he described and figured the 
Tnassic plants of the Vosges, and in 1862 he followed this up with 
a similar work on the Devonian Plants of the same region. 



parts and conditions of the Lepidodendron, elaborately 
described in ■ Le Terrain de Transition des Vosges/ 



Perhaps in these works his keen eye for differences, which had 
been so serviceable in his bryological investigations, led him to 
recognise in the fragmentary materials that he had to deal with a 
greater variety of specific and even generic forms than others would 
accept — as for instance in the specific value given to different 

figured and 

__ . _ His great 

work was his ' Traite de Paleontologie Vegetale,' consisting of 
three volumes of text and one of plates, published between 1869 
and 1874. In this work he has reduced to systematic order all 
that was known of the fossil plants of the world. It was a her- 
culean task, and it has been accomplished with a master's hand, 
-Besides the systematic diagnosis given of each species, the work 
contains a valuable introduction on the conditions in which fossil 
Plants are found, the methods of investigation, and the changes 

tliat have taken place in the vegetation of the globe ; and the third 
jolume closes with a general exhibition of the various fossil floras 
based on the data that have been presented in the work itself. The 
Publication of this work has formed an epoch in the intelligent 
investigate of fossil plants. Schimper was Professor of Geology, 
JJW Director of the Museum of Natural History of Strasburg. He 

as a member of various learned societies, and both the Linnean 

J K Geological Societies of London had recognised the excellence 

nis labours in the two departments by electing him as a foreign 

hi em,,er - Through the liberality of the Baroness Burdett-Coutts 

- s valuable herbarium of mosses has been secured for the Kew 

erbanui *. He died at Paris on the 20th of March last. 

W. Carruthers. 



184 



SHORT NOTES. 



ALES 






[The assertion that Orchis hircina has occurred on the Orme's 
Head having found its way into various journals, it seems advis- 
able to place on permanent record the result of an investigation 
into the circumstances of the case, as recorded by Mr. C. W. 
Dod in the ' Gardeners' Chronicle' for May 15 last. In connection 
with this, it may be well to add that some at least of the North 
Wales records, given in ' Topographical Botany' on the authority 
of Mr. J. F. Robinson, require confirmation. I have given instances 
of this in the chapter on the Botany of that region contributed to 
Jenkinson's * Practical Guide to North Wales.' — Ed. Journ. Bot.] 

Within the last few months a statement has appeared 
in several local newspapers and gardening journals, to the 
effect that the Great Lizard Orchis (Orchis hircina) has been 
found at Llandudno. Botanists at a distance will like to know on 
what authority the statement has been made. The Llandudno 
mountain, commonly called the Great Orme's Head, contains 
about a thousand acres of rocky ground, the geological formation 
being mountain limestone. Every part of it, with the exception 
of a few steep cliffs on the north-east side, immediately over the 
sea, is easily accessible. From the days of Pennant it has been 
famed for its rare plants, and every yard of it has been ransacked 
by botanists, and many lists of its plants have been published. 
The list has hardly been added to of late years, but some plants 
formerly found there have disappeared, through the frequent visits 
of collectors. Last year, however, a dealer in plants, a native of 
Kent, settled in Llandudno, and in due time announced that he 
had discovered there Orchis hircina, Orchis fusca (syn. purpurea), 
and Ophn/s aranifera. The last may have possibly been found in 
Wales before, but the two former have hitherto been believed to 
be confined to the south-east of England, and 0. hircina is 
extremely rare even there. When I came to Llandudno last week, 
I at once searched for the dealer, and made inquiries of him, and 
I give the result. He told me that he had found many of Orchis 
hircina, and knew of about twenty more in the same spot, which 
he was going to dig up as soon as they were tall enough to move. 
He had only three left. One of these I bought for a sovereign 
the price he asked, and offered to pay two for another, if he would 
show it to me growing wild. He would not do that. He was 
watched ; and others would find them out, and exterminate the 
whole stock, but as soon as he had dug them all up, he would 
show me the place he had dug them up from, with which I ought 
to be satisfied. He had not only found 0. fusca and 0. aranifera 
besides^, but within the last few davs (ypriprdium Calceolus also. 
I asked him to let me see it. He first showed me what appeared 
to be an E/>i/>actis, and on my telling him it was not a Ctypri* 
pedtum, he produced what certainly was a small Cypripedium of 
some sort. He told me he was going to dig up some more in a 
day or two, but would not allow me to go with him to see the 



SHORT NOTES. 185 



place. I then asked him what other rare local plants he had. 
The first he showed me, which he said he found on the rocks near 
the Head, he did not know the name of, but I recognised it as 
Claytonia sibirica, and on my telling him it was not British, he 
supposed the seed must have blown from some garden. I did not 
disguise my incredulity, but he continued very good-humoured 
and communicative, and showed me several letters from botanists 
at a distance in proof of the truth of all he had said. No one 
pretends to have seen any of these plants growing wild at Llan- 
dudno except himself, but, as he added, he was born and brought 
up in Kent, so, of course, knew more about Orchises than people 
were likely to do in North Wales.— C. W. Dod." 



Spring-flowering Form of Colchicum autumnale (p. 145). — 
Mr. White's remarks about this form are fully confirmed by the 
discovery of precisely similar flowers by Miss Louisa Chapman at 
Bishop Frome, in Herefordshire, and at English Bicknor, in 
Gloucester shire. Both corm and flower are just as those described 
m the May number of the 'Journal of Botany,' and the "latter differs 
from the figure given in ' English Botany ' in size and colour out- 
side, as mentioned by Mr. Baker. Considering the dreadful season 
of 1879, and the pollen less anthers of the plants under considera- 
tion, it seems to me that Mr. White's suggestion is correct, and 
that this peculiar form is merely a temporary one. It will be 
interesting to* see whether the same form will appear again next 
year. — T. A. Preston. 

The same vernal form of Colchicum autumnale occurred this 
year for the first time, as far as I am aware, at Bishopstone, near 
Hereford ; it was confined to one field, but was very abundant 
tnere. The leaves were just appearing with it, and the corm in 
jay specimens, instead of being similar to that of the autumnal 
wm was much larger than usual.— H. N. Bidley. 

[It would be interesting to know whether this form, which 



seems to be unusually frequent this year, has appeared elsewhere 
At the meeting of the Societe Boyale de Botanique de Belgique, 
Jjeid on May 2nd, M. De Vos announced that he had recently seen 
Iv ri , neux a meadow completely chequered with the flowers of 
wis Colchicum.— Ed, Journ. Bot.] 

Leucobryuu glaucum in Fruit.— I found last Easter, in com- 
pany with Mr. George, Leucobryum glaucum in fruit, in the birch 
Jjooa called Egypt, about a mile to the north of Burnham Beeches, 

ad a *• Was in fine condition, some 0I tlie capsules being still 
orned with the white calyptra. On mentioning the circumstance 

ol)^ n , eigllbour ' Mr. Latimer Clark, he informed me that he had 
of t i Xt Uear the same locality some years ago. Mr. T. Walker, 

W" !S dge Wells > found i1; wifch ver y y ouug fruit in Great Easla 

buu ? ear Great Mar l° w . ^ the same district. Although Lmuxh 
foun'i '•' T 1 "" is so common, I have no record of its having been 
in tr in frui t in this country, excepting in this district, Bramber 
Hampshire, and in the Lake country.— T. Howse. 

2b 



186 



Sxttcacts autr Notices of Boofts & ittetturfrs. 



ON A POINT IN BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE. 

As the subject of botanical nomenclature has from time to time 
been brought forward in the pages of this Journal, the following 
note by Prof. Asa Gray may be of interest. It occurs in ■ Silliman's 
Journal' for May, in a review of the recently issued part of 
Bentham and Hooker's ' Genera Plantarum,' and has reference 
to "the genus [there] given as Argithamnia, Swartz, Prodr., but 
which begins as Argythamnia of Patrick Browne, a contemporary 
of Linnaeus." 

"The history of this name and of its changes is curious, and 
raises a nice point in the application of the rules of nomenclature. 
Patrick Browne founded it in the year 1756, wrote the name 
Argythamnia, but gave no etymology. It is pretty clearly inferable 
that he had apyupo? in view, that he should have written Aryy- 
rot/unnnia. We suppose that he shortened it in a way at that time 
and since not very uncommon, remembering the warning of 
Linnaeus against verba sesqiiipedalia. Unnecessary as it was in this 
case, it was a trivial curtailment compared with Eafinesque's 
Nemopanthea razed from Xemnpodanthes, which no botanist has 
attempted to restore to its full proportions. Adanson adopted the 
genus under Browne's name in 1763. So did Swartz in his 

• Prodromus ' in 1788. 

" Arrfithanmia, however, is the form adopted by Swartz in his 

• Flora,' in 1797, remarking that Browne derived the first part of 
the name either from *fyi<, white, or from apyopso?, silvery. But if 
from the latter Swartz should have written Argyreothamnia , if from 
the former Argothamnia. 

"Acting, doubtless, on the principle that if the orthography of 
a name might be changed to make it correct, it might be further 
changed to make it quite correct, Sprengel in his turn wrote it 
Argothamnia, and Mueller of Argan Argyrothamma. Now all these 
changes from first to last violate the rule (which is not without 
exceptions) that botanical names should be retained in their 
original form. At least mere improvement is no warrant for 
alteration. Mistakes may, indeed, be corrected. Thus Nuttah's 
genus Wisteria, in honour of Dr. Wistar, was properly corrected to 
Wistaria in conformity with the rules that personal names should 
retain their orthography as nearly as possible. But upon our 
theory Argythamnia was not a mistake. Bentham and Hooker 
have acted upon the principle of preserving the original orthography, 
only they took the genus to originate with Swartz, passing by 
Browne, evidently because he did not use Linnrean specific names, 
though that could not affect the worth of his genera. If they had 
adopted the genus from Browne's original, or from Adanson who 
took it up in 1763, or from Swartz's ' Prodromus' (1788), or from 
Jussieu in 1789, eight years before Swartz in his Flora wrote 
Arguhamnia, we cannot doubt that they would have held to the 
original form, Argythamnia ." 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 187 



Se e qaal valore sia da attribuire nella determinations delle specie al 

nurnero delle strie nelle Diatomee. 

Under this title Count Castracane ('Atti Accad. pontif. dei 
nuovi Lincei,' 1879) contends that the number of the stride in 
Diatoms is a specific factor, and suggests that Photomicrography 
should be employed in the measurements. He gives a list of 
many species, with the numbers of their longitudinal and 
transverse striae. 

Under the title ' Miscellanea Botanica,' M. Decaisne has com- 
menced to reprint from the ' Flore cles Serres ' ' the matter of 
specially botanical interest. We have often wished that the valu- 
able botanical contributions of Mr. J. Or. Baker and others to the 
' Gardeners' Chronicle ' could be separated in this manner from the 
mass of miscellaneous matter which is of no permanent interest to 
botanists ; the ' Garden ' also has commenced to publish descrip- 
tions of new species, which are likely to be overlooked unless some 
means is taken to direct attention to them. M. Decaisne's first 
instalment contains, besides other things, a description of his new 
genus Galton'ut, of which Hyaeinthus candicam is the type; and a 
review of the species of Bumbax and PacJUra. 



Trii 



On 



Some Trees Yielding India-rubber ': the trees described are Mamhot 
Glaziorii, Hevea brasiliensis, and Castilh'ii elastica. 

The 'Botanische Zeitung' of April 30th contains the announce- 
ment that Prof. L. Just (Karlsruhe) will in future share with Prof, 
de Bary the work of editing that magazine. It is requested that 
all printed matter, notices, and criticisms intended for the 
' Botanische Zeitung ' be sent to Prof. Just ; original manuscripts 
to Prof, de Bary. 

The recently-issued part of the 'Icones Plantarum ' contains two 
new genera— AMtrottomma, Benth. {AscUpiadm Cynmchea), from 
Borneo, and Stellulari*, Benth. ( Scropkularnu* Gerard**), from W. 
Tropical Africa (Welwitsch, No. 5838). 

The Keport of the Kugby School Natural History Society for 
1879 contains a list of additions to the flora of the district, and two 
papers by Mr. L. Cumming— the first an interesting essay ' On 
■Times and Modes of Flowering in Plants ;' the other on « Phyto- 
meteorology.' 

The Report of the North Staffordshire Field Club for 1879 
contains a list, by Mr. R. Garner, of the rarer plants found in the 
Parish of Stoke. 

M. Treub— who has succeeded the late Dr. Scheft'er at the 

pmtenzorg Gardens 

imo'pn ,w v — :..i.ivi -» i ■> • Weten 



Verhande - 



^derKoninklijke 
i 79 ' two important m 



. - - important papers— one on Cell-division, with four plates ; 
me ot her on the Embryogeny of Certain Orchids, with eight plates. 

The Boston (U.S.A.) Society of Natural History is issuing a 
cu eap and handv series of « Guides of Sciences Teaching." Botany 



188 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

lias been treated by Mr. George L. Goodale, who has brought 
together in small compass the leading facts regarding the economy 
of vegetables : his brochure is entitled ' ' Concerning a few common 



plant- " 



s. 



Other New Books. — V. Lemoine, ' Atlas des caracteres speci- 
fioues des Plantes de la Flore Parisienne et de la Flore Eemoise ' 
(fascicles 1 & 2). Paris, Savy. — W. B. Hemsley, 'Biologia Cen- 
trali-America ' (Botany), pt. iv. (Leguminom — Rosacea), tt. 2. — 
K. Praxtl & S. H. Vines, < Text-Book of Botany.' W. Swan Son- 
nenschein & Allen, Paternoster Square. — ' Icones Plantarum,' 
vol. iv., pt. i. Williams & Norgate. — G. S. V. Wills, ' Dictionary 
of Botanical Terms.' Simpkin (l.v.) 



s in Journals 
April. 



Xuovo Giornale Botanieo Italiano. — L. Caldesi, 'Florae Faventinae 
Tentamen' (contd.) (Horn comtgata, n. sp.) — 0. Penzig, ' The genetic 
relations of Ozonham and Coprintu ' (2 tabb.) (Coprinus intermedins, 
n. sp.) — A. Goiran, ' Phytographic notes ' (Agropyrum Caldesii, 
n. sp.i — A. Mori, ' Observations on the " cistoma" of Gasparrini ' 
(1 tab.) 

Magyar Novent. Lapok. — F. C. Doell, ' De Tritici genere notula ' 

— F. Fabry, ' Two excursions into the district of Turoc.'' 

Hedwigia. — Waruztorf, ' Excursions in the Lower Havz.' — - 
G. Winter, ' List of the I'redhu;,- and their host-plants ' (contd.) 

Oetterr. Hot. Zritschrift.—A. Heimerl, ' On the Flora of Lower 
Austria.'— S. Schulzer v. Miiggenburg, « Mycological notes' (contd.) 

— H. AYawra, 'On BromeUttcM ' (contd.) [Nidttlaritm Ferdinando- 

coburgi, X. Antvineanunt, BromeUa f Itatiaiem, BUIhergia llcichardi, 

J'lchmea petropoUtana, J\. organisms, M. N<itti</U t n. spp.) 

B. v. Uechtritz, ' On /,W umbdliflora and 11. cuspidata.'—J* Wie 

baur, 'The forms of Festuca ovina' (F. peeudoviua, Hackel ined.) 

C. J. Klinggraff, ' Palestine and its vegetation ' (contd.) 

Hotanishu Xntiser.— F. Behm, ' A botanical excursion to Oviks- 
ijellen, in Jemtland, in 1876.' — E. V. Ekstrand, ' Notes on Scan- 
dinavian Liverworts.' 

Scottish Naturalist, — J. Cameron, « The Gaelic names of plants' 
(contd.)— F. B. White, ' Fungi of Perthshire' (contd.) 

Naturalist (Huddersheld).— H. Boswell, ' Fissidms .srrruiatus: 
J. E. Griffith, ' Flora of Carnarvonshire and Anglesea ' (contd.) 

Botsmtcht Zeitung. — H. Ambronn, « On Bilaterality in the 
llondcr' (concluded), 2 tab. — J. Baranetsky, 'The division ol 
nuclei in the pollen mother-cells of Tradescantias.'— E. Stahl, 'On 
the influence of direction and intensity of light on several phenomena 



of motion in the vegetable kingdom' (1 tab.) 



>f 



Coffee-leaf disease of Ceylon' (Ucmilaa castatrix), G tab. 



W. T.T.Dyer, 'The 



PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 189 

Abhandl. com Xatuncissenschqfi Yereine zu Bremen (vol. vi., pt. 3). 

F. Buchenau,- ' Malformed flowers in the cultivated Fuchsia.'— 
W. Focke, < The vegetation of the winter of 1879-80/ 

Science Gossip.— F. Kitton, ■ The early history of the Diato- 
maceee. 1 — G. E. Marsee, ' Notes on some of our smaller Fungi J 
(contd.) 

Flora (March). — J. E. Weiss, < Anatomy and physiology of 
thickened roots (concluded). — W, Nylander, ' Lichenes nonnullas 
Insulae S. Thomas Antillarum.' — A. Minks, ' Morphological-licheno- 
graphical studies. 



JEsculus 



Id. (April). ? 

0. Kuntze, 'Fifth note on Cinchonas.' — J. B. Kreuzpointner, 
1 Notes on the Flora of Munich.' — < J. E. Duby, < Diagnosis Mus- 
corum Novarum ant non rite cognituin.' 



V voctelrmsn ot Sotfetfea, 



Linnean Society of London. 

April 1, 1880.— Prof. Allman, F.E.S., President, in the chair.— 
Mr. John B. Jackson exhibited several stems, with the rhizome 
attached, of a rundo donax. He mentioned that enormous quantities 
of these have recently been imported into this country from 
Algeria as a commercial product, and made up into parasol-handles. 
-Dr. Maxwell T. Masters gave an oral demonstration, being an 
epitome of his recent studies respecting Japanese Conifers, and 
examples illustrating the same were laid on the table. The 
collection, due chiefly to the activity of Mr. Maries, in several 
respects was most instructive and interesting from a morphological 
point of view, and explained several peculiarities of their geo- 
graphical distribution. 

April 15, 1880.— The ltev. George Henslow, F.L.S., in the 
cian- __ Mr. S. H. Win tie, of George Bay, Tasmania, was 
elected a Fellow of the Society.— The only botanical communi- 
cation read was a paper by Mr. N. E. Brown, « On some new 
*>-oule<£, with observations on other known forms.' Of new species 
^everal interesting Bornean forms collected by Mr. Burbidge and 
P e }' s are now described. While in general following Prof. 
a ugle ?» m Bis late monograph Mr. Brown nevertheless on good 
pounds gives preference to the classification of Schott as being the 
s j natural arrangement. Mr. Brown's drawings and dissections 

towed most accurate and painstaking work. 
m.f a y>*> 1880.— H. T. Stain ton, F.K.S., in the chair. — Mr. 

of °^ as T Cm ' i «t.V i-ead a letter from a correspondent, Mr. Blacldaw, 
&t - Paulo, Brazil, in which it was mentioned that several 

^empts to rear the Liberian Coffee (Coffea liberiea) in the above 
tinl at (litfereut seasons and under different conditions, both 

Q ei- cover and i u the open air. had all been unsuccessful.— The 



1 ( J0 PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 

abstract of a paper by Prof. G. Dickie, viz., ' Notes on Algae from 
the Amazon and its Tributaries,' was read by the Secretary. 
This collection was made by Prof. J. W. H. Trail, and the author 
acknowledged himself indebted to Mr. John Roy for identification 
of the Desmids, and to assistance from the Rev. G. Davidson for 
the Diatoms. Of ordinary Algse 67 species are referred to, 9 being 
new forms ; then follows lists of 31 species of Desmidaceae and 190 
of the Diatomaceas, in all a total of 288 species. — Mr. G. T. Bettany 
gave some remarks on the ' Vocabulary of Botanical Terms,' in use 
in the description of flowering plants. 

May 24, 1880, Anniversary Meeting. — Prof. Allman, LL.D., 
F.R.S., President in the Chair. — At this, the ninety-second annual 
general meeting, there was a large attendance of the Fellows. 
The President, after a few introductory remarks of congratulation 
on the prospects of the Society generally, referred to the obituary, 
pointing out that several of the oldest members would now no 
longer appear on our list. The former and worthy President, 
Prof. Bell, whose works on the British fauna are classical, had 
died at the age of eighty-one, and found a resting-place at Sel- 
borne. Mr. John Miers, another veteran of ninety-one years, had 
left a monument of industry and botanical research in the many 
memoirs enriching the Society's ' Transactions,' besides the mono- 
graphs of the Menispennacece and Apocynacece, in themselves exten- 
sive. General Munro, a gallant officer and yet excellent observer, 
had left a place difficult to be filled, for his accurate and wide 
knowledge of the Grammes was admitted by all, and he was con 
stantly consulted on the group. Dr. David Moore, of Dublin, had 
left his mark in valuable researches on the Irish Flora. In Mr. 
Wilson Saunders the Society formerly had a worthy and valuable 
officer. Mr. Edward W. Cooke, R.A., represented art, bringing 
his fervent love of natural objects, especially Botany and Geology, 
to bear in his paintings with truthful effect. Mr. Thomas Atthey, 
of Gosforth, Newcastle-on-Tyne, had a more than local reputation 
as an enthusiastic and able naturalist, and, while studying several 
of the lower groups of animal and vegetable life, finally devoted 
himself to the branch of Palaeontology. The foreign members, 
Prof. J. F. Brandt, of St. Petersburg (zoologist), and the botanists, 
Dr. E. Fenzl, of Vienna, and W. P. Schimper, of Strasburg, had 
each a world-wide reputation. The President had to regret that, 
after a full term of service, the Secretaries and Treasurer had pro- 
posed to resign office, and this had been acceded to by the Council 
as a matter of form.— The Secretary (Mr. F. Currey) then read Ins 
report. Since the last anniversary the Society had lost by death 
ten Fellows, three Foreign Members, and one Associate; and three 
Fellows had withdrawn. On the other hand, there had been an 
accession by election of twenty-eight new Fellows, three Foreign 
Members, and four Associates. The library showed a marked in- 
crease and improvement, by additions obtained by purchase, 
exchange, and donations, and had been amply used in biological 
reference and loan of books. The scientific communications and 
exhibitions at the meetings during the session had kept pace with 



PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES. 191 

the march of science, and the attendance of the Fellows bore 
witness to the active interest taken in the proceedings generally. — 
The Treasurer (Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys) then proceeded to read his 
report : — "In resigning the Treasurership of the Society, which I 
have had the honour of holding for the last five years, I take the 
opportunity of congratulating the Society on its increased and in- 
creasing prosperity in a financial point of view. Notwithstanding 
the late depression of commerce, which has to a greater or less 
extent injuriously affected other scientific societies, as well as the 
additional yearly expenditure consequent on the removal to Bur- 
lington House, and the greater amount of salaries paid, our pub- 
lications have not been restricted; we have spent considerably more 
on the library than formerly was the case — two important matters. 
We are quite free from debt ; we have an invested capital of 



£3730 12s. 8d., and the balance at our bankers and on hand 
at this date is £522 18s. 2d. Twelve months ago, owing to the 



unfortunate and long illness of the Librarian, Mr. Kippist, his 
accounts became confused, and the Assistant- Secretary, Dr. Marie, 
has since at my request undertaken the receipts and pavments, in 
accordance with the 1st Bye Law in Chapter X. A Special Com- 
mittee was also appointed by the Council for investigating the 
jinancial position of the Society, and then valuable suggestions 
have been adopted, especially as to the reasonable limitation of the 
publication expenses, which 'had increased from £796 14s. in 1876 
to £1100 5s. Id. in 1879. With respect to the compositions, 
which even if they were altogether invested must seriously 



g the 
}20 15s. 



diminish the income of the Society, I may remark that durin 
nve years of my office I have received £1968, and invested £92C ___. 
^•mg the previous five years no part of the compositions appear 
to have been invested. I have also received and invested £840 for 
legacies. Our capital has been doubled ; it was in 1875 £1860, 

?R7« 1S D0W £873 ° 12s - 8d - Tll ° MMd contributions received in 
i»7o amounted to £094 13s., and last year to £948 12s. I cannot 
close this short report without expressing my entire satisfaction 
wi li the services of our Assistant- Secretary, Dr. Mmie, who has so 
<J°iy and mdefatigahly edited the publications of the Society, as 
*fW as assisted me in my financial duties, and I would mention 
™ much approval Mr. James West, who is not only the Clerk, 
out also the Acting-Librarian of the Society.*'— The ballot for 
^uncil and Officers having been proceeded with, the following 
oentlemen retired from the Council :— Messrs. J. Ball, W. Car- 
Hp l DuCai ie Godman, Dr. A. Gunther, and the Rev. G. 

p p n fi ' Iu tlleil ' Peaces were elected:— Messrs. E. R. Alston, G. 
( "iff ; am ' G - B usk, Dr. M. Foster, and B. D. Jackson. For the 
"icers Prof. G. J. Allman was re-elected President; Mr. Fredk. 

hop' ^ „ e out ffoing Secretary), Treasurer; Mr. B. Daydon 
Zonl "' , Botailic al Secretarv ;"' and Mr. Edward R. Alston, 
\nm I* Sec retary.— Prof. Allman thereafter gave his usual 
Wip Addres s. taking for his subject " The Vegetation of the 
of w j ra j a Chapter in the Physiognomy and Distribution of Plants," 
Ucn we hope to give a further notice next month. 



192 



Botanical Netos. 



Coe F. Austin died at Closter, New Jersey, on the 18th of 
March, aged forty-eight years. He was for some years the Curator 
of the Torrey Herbarium, and in 1867 contributed the description 
of the Lemmacm to Gray's ' Manual,' besides describing several 
new phanerogams; but his most important work was in connection 
with muscology, and especially Htpatiem ; £ manual jn the North 
American species of the last-named group was in preparation by 
him at the time of his death. His last work was to describe the 
Hepatic® for the * Botany of California.' He also published sets of 
the Mosses and Liverworts of the United States. 

Mr. H. N. Eidley has been appointed an Assistant in the 
Department of Botany, British Museum. 

Mr. W. T. Thiselton Dyer read a paper " On the Botanical 

Enterprise of the Empire," at the meeting of the Boyal Colonial 

Institute, held on May 11th. This is printed in extenso in ' The 

Colonies and India' for May 15th; it contains an interesting 

account of the work performed by the various botanical gardens in 
our colonies. 

Nils J. Andersson, the well-known Swedish botanist and 
traveller, died on the 27th March, at Stockholm, in his sixtieth 
year. He took part in the expedition of the frigate < Eugenie ' 
round the earth in 1851-58, and afterwards published several 
small treatises as the result of his explorations. In 1855 he was 
appointed Demonstrator of Botany at Lund, but in the following 
year he was called to Stockholm as Professor of Botany and 
Superintendent of the Botanical Department of the Eoyal Museums ; 
in 1879 he retired from his active duties, having during his pro- 
fessorship made numerous scientific journeys to different parts of 
the Continent. Besides several smaller works, he published various 
systematic treatises, especially upon the Salices ; the monograph of 
,7™ F? up m the sixteeutl i volume of DeCandolle's ' Prodromus ' 



(1864) is from his pen. 



Secretary 



_~. ^. ^s^wn yA ^suiN, who was elect ea secretary 01 *ne uiu- 
?2£ b0 £ let y on tlie 2 4th nit., became a Fellow of the Society in 
IBM). He has devoted much attention to vegetable histology, ha 



. m Quel 

IOrmerlv Trpn.ftnr*»v nf f lm Q T — j 



ami is well known as a painstaking British botanist. His reprint 
of 1 umer's ' Libi llus,' and of the Catalogue of Gerard's garden, 
Have been duly noticed in our columns, and manifested a critical 
acquaintance with the early synonymv of the plants included in 
these works. His recent researches" in botanical bibliography 
render him peculiarly well fitted for the post to which he has been 
elected : we may direct attention to his paper on the subject which 
appears in the present number of this Journal. 



193 



<&rigtual &vttcles- 



ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM HERBAEII 

WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 

Auctore S. Le M. Moore. 

(Tab. 211.) 

The examination at Kew of a parcel sent from the Escola 
Polytecbnica of Lisbon, containing specimens collected by the late 

Welwitscb in Angola, soon convinced me that tbe Acanthacea 

- _ r » j the rule, Dr. Welwitscb having discovered 

a large number of new species and forms referable to this Order. 
When I paid a visit to the British Museum for the purpose of 
seeing the splendid set of his specimens there preserved, I was 
seized with a desire to work up the collection. To this end I 
applied to Mr. Carruthers, and as Mr. Hiern has been 
entrusted with the task of publishing the discoveries of the great 
collector, reference was also made to him. Both gentlemen were 
good enough to allow me to do as I wished. The result is the 
present paper. 

Since the publication of the eleventh volume of DeCandolle's 
' rrodromus,' containing Nees von Esenbeck's elaboration of 
Acanthace®, the Order has but seldom been dealt with, so far, that is 
to say, as relates to the flora of Africa. Indeed with the exception 
of Count Solms' careful description of Schimper's herbarium, 
the late Br. Anderson's enumeration of the African species in the 
seventh volume of the Linnean Journal, and Klotzsch's work m 
connection with Peters' ' Reise nach Mozambique,' there i^ 
scarcely a work which contains any reference to the Order. This 
18 all the more remarkable, not only because these plants are 
naturally, from the great beauty of the flowers, usually very 
attractive, but also because so many explorers, notably Dr. lurk, 
trustav Mann, and the German traveller Hildebrandt, have 
recently been very successful in the discovery of novelties. We 
«, however, remember that the Cape Flora, so unfortunately 
gopped by Dr. Harvey's death, did not reach Acanthacea, and that 
professor Oliver's Flora of Tropical Africa is still a long way from 
Je same Order. Though it labours under the drawback of insuffi- 
cient description, Dr. Anderson's memoir is the most useful ol 
a the published accounts. It was unfortunate that Mann s 
collection arrived too late to be incorporated with it, or it would 
'ave presented a somewhat different aspect. As an epitome ol 
^owledge at the time it was written, it is fairly satisfactory ; but 
^otzsch's memoir having a slight advantage of priority, correlation 
the types described in the two works is urgently required. Ihe 
as81nc atory method being simpler than that of Nees is certainly 

"• s - vol. 9. [July, lb80.j - c 



194 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM 

a better one, as has been sufficiently proved by its adoption, with 
a few additions and corrections, by Mr. Bentham in ' Genera 
Plantarum,' a work which must remain the chief guide to the 
classification of the genera, until some character more philosophi- 
cally and phylogenetically valid than the estivation of the corolla 
shall have been applied to the Order. 

I purpose commencing with an enumeration of all the species 
collected by Dr. Welwitsch contained in the British Museum. A 
considerable number of these are also at Kew ; but the specimens 
are, as one would suppose, not in so good a condition, although 
in most instances they are fairly serviceable ones. After this I 
shall deal with a few geographical details. 

Thunbergia, L. fil. 

§ Eu- Thunbergia. 

T. Cvcnium (sp. nov.) — Erecta, strigoso-pilosula, foliis ovato- 
oblongis obtusiusculis bevissime amplexicaulibus irregulariter ac 
inaequaliter lobulato-crenatis, bracteis magnis lanceolatis, calycis 
lobis setaceis, corolla? tubo elongato angus.tissimo sub limbo am- 

pliato bracteas duplo excedente, antheris linearibus a?qualibus basi 
muticis. 

Hab. In rupestribus (temp. pluv. inundatis) dumetosis pr. 
Lopollo distr. Huilla. (No. 5009.) 

Frutex altissime scandens, dem dependens. Folia usque ad 
•4-5 cm. long, et 2-5 cm. lat., firma, margine ciliata, conspicue 
nervosa. Bracteae fere ad 4 cm. long., intus papillosa?. Calycis 
lobi 0-75 cm. long. Corolla? alba? bevissime puberuhe limbus 3-5 
cm. diarn. Capsula immatura 2 cm. long. 

Speciem insignem nulli arete affinem corolla? tubo elongato 
angustissnno primo intuitu cognoscere potes. 



AFFINIS 



Hab. In distr. Golungo Alto in sylvis umbrosis imprimis ad 
fontem de Capopa et prope Gilolo itaque ad Casaballa et sparse 
ad npas fl. Lombe m sylvis primit. (Nos. 5109, 5113, 6181, 5154.) 

T. hcillkxsis (sp. nov.)— Ascendens? pilis strigosis appressis 
a hiss parsiuscule obtecta, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis vel 
oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis mucronulatisve basi late truncatis vix 
liastatis, pedunculis solitariis folia excedentibus, bracteis ovato- 
iaiiceolatis acutis, calycis segmentis setaceis hirsutulis, corolla? 
tubo teniii bracteas superante, antherarum loculis suba?qualibus 
longiuscule barbatis muticis, stigmate 2-lobo. 

Hab. In pascnis editioribus breve dumetosis de Morro de 
Monmo distr. Huilla, (No. 5025.) 

Foha 4-6 cm. long, basi radiatim 5-nervia, subtus conspicue 
nervosa ; petioli 0-5 cm. long. Pedunculi (ex axillis foliorum 
mmorum oriundis, 4-5 cm. longitudine. Bractea? circiter 2-5 cm. 
longa?. Corolla |.;illule caeruieae. Capsulam non vidimus. 

Ex affimtate T. KirMana T. And. abs qua discedit ob folia 
brevius petiolata latiora vix hastata, bracteas acutas D • acumi 
mitas, calycis lobos longiores, antherasque barbatas muticas (in T. 

Ktrkutm vero fere glabraa basique aristatas). 



HERBARII WELWITSCHIANI AXGOLKXSIS. 195 



5 Mevenia. 

T. armipotens (sp. nov. )— Volubilis ? Ciiule tenui strigose piloso, 
folus conaceis petiolatis lineari-lanceolatis basi bastatis vel 
truncatis acutiusculis scabridis, lioribus solitariis, peduiiculis 
elongatis parum flexuosis scabridis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis 
obtusis extus pilosulis margine breviter ciliatis eximie reticulars 
virescentibus, calycis lobis parvis deltoideis, corolla? tubo bracteis 
paullo breviore gracili limbo parum ampliato, antberis basi barbata 
mutica exclusa glabris, capsula sericeo-puberula. 

Hab. In pascuis dumetosis de Empalanca distr. Huilla 
necuon ad Lopollo. (Nos. 5026, 5027.) 

Folia usque ad 4-5 cm. long, et 1-5 cm. lat.; petioli ad 1-2 cm. 
long., scabri. Pedunculus fere ad 4-0 cm. longitudiue, sub Iructu 
merassatus. Bractea3 1-2 cm. long., viri.le reticulata?. Flores 
caerulei. Calycis lobi incoiispicui, sub Iructu circiter 0-15 cm. long., 
parum inasquales. Antlierarum loculi suba?quales. Capsula 1*1 
cm. long, bracteis inclusa. Semina quove in loculo duo, cinerea, 
reticulato-insculpta. 

.rroxima videtur T. huilletm nob. sed diversa foliorum indole, 
calyce brevilobo, bracteis quam corolla longioribus aliisque notis. 

1. hyalina (sp. nov.). — Erecta, ramosa, glabra, rainis gracilibus 
ex sicco striatis pallide brimneis, foliis firmis amplexicaulibus 
oblongis obtusis margine hyalino obscurissime denticulato, floribus 
solitariis (an semper?) breviter peclunculatis, bracteis oblongo- 
lanceolatis obtusiusculis, calyce vix truncato, corolla tubo bracteas 
circiter 2-plo excedente inferne attenuate superne baud inulto 
amphato, antberis glabris basi muticis, stigmate infuiidibuliformi. 

Hab. In petrosis collinis ad fl. Cuanza. (No. 5164.) 

*oha 4-0 cm. long., 1-8-1-7 cm. lat. Bractero plus quam 2-0 
c p. long., obscure papillose. Calyx puberulus. Corollse tubus 
circiter 4-5 cm. long. .Flores cupreo-purpurei. 

T 9 lancifolicp, T. And., proxima sed glabritie, foliorum indole, 

anthensque glabris distincta. 

** # lancifolia, T. And. — Hums speciei exstant varietates 
sequentes :— J 

*.auricnlata. — Folia eximie auriculata. Hab. in locis arenosis 
wmetosis circa Lopollo distr. Huilla. (No. 5011.) 

P- l&vis. — Caulis prieter ad nodos glaber. Pedunculi quam in 

Jpo longiores, glabri. Hab. in declivis dumetosis limosis ad 

lent - d <* Izanga distr. Amboia et ad Quilombo. (Nos. 5161, 5110.) 

\*X?2 Jutl/ill(( '~^o\in elongata, attenuata, amplexicaulia, ex sicco 

lanida. Hab. Huilla in dumetis sylvestribus. (No. 5012.) 

^ • J*«ounwnB (3p. nov.)— Erecta, canescenti-villosa, foliis sessili- 
sem ° on S ls ve l oblongo-obovatis obtusis, floribus solitariis (aa 
dent"T 1' bracteis foliis consimilibus etsi minoribus. calyce sinuatim 
ha,,?*? c 7 ntib us parvis deltoideis iu*qualibus, corolla? tubo bracteas 
fere l 1 • excedente curvato limbo 5-lobo lobis rotundatis, antberis 
oque 1 1()Clllis oblique ovoideis brevissime mucronulai alter - 

4 Uu °nim incurvo aristato, stigmate iufuiulibulifornii. 



196 ENUMERATIO ACANTH ACE ARUM 

* 

Hab. In distr. Huilla inter Mumpulla et Humpata in 
dumetis cum Qnidio et Thesiis, necnon in durnetis sylvestribus 
inter Mumpulla et Nene. (Nos. 5037, 5038.) 

Folia circiter 3*0 cm. long., pedicellos superantia. Bracteae ad 
2-5 cm. long. Flores circiter 3-0 cm. diam., pulcliri, azurei, vel 
dilute caBrulei. 

Species distinctissima abhorret a T. hispida Solms mihi 
descriptione tantum nota foliorum forma, calyce, ac verisimiliter 
vestitu ; a T. oblongifolia, Oliv. vestitu omnino diverso, foliis 
latioribus, floribus majoribus, &c. 

Species dubice. 

T. (Eu-Thunbergia) sp. nov., glabra, foliis elongatis sessilibus 
lineari-lanceolatis vel linearibus, floribus solitariis breviter et 
valide pedunculatis, bracteis magnis late lanceolatis 5-nerviis, 
calycis laciniis subulato-setaceis glabris, corolla ignota, capsula 
longirostrata circa 2-0 cm. long., seminibus appresse laminatis. 
(No. 5062.) iF 

No. 5218 et 5044. Specimina omnino incompleta. 
No. 5088 est flos T. affinis et ramulus cirrhiferus speciei 
alicujus ordinis alienee. 



/?. rrenata, Vabl. 



Elytraria, Valil. 



Hab. Distr. Golimgo Alto ad ripas riv. Coango ad Cungulungalo 
id QuibOlo. (Nos. 5156, 5209, 5157.) 



.V. tommtoM, Willd. 



Nelsonia, E. Br. 



Hab. Ad riv. Coango prope Quibolo necnon in paludosis syl- 
vestribus Catomba Luinha. (Nos. 5212, 5218, 5214, 5216, 5217.) 

Hiernia (gen. nov., tab. 211.) 
Calyx tubuloso-campanulatus fere ad medium subaequaliter 
o-iobus, lobis oblongis, obtusis. Corollas tubus parum curvatus, a 
basi gradatim ampliatus, limbi paten tis sestivatione imbricati lobi 
oyati, obtusissimi, 2 postici altius connati ac minores. Stamina 4, 
oidynama, exserta, rudimento quinti nullo ; filamenta crassiuscula, 
anticorum fere ad medium tubum posticorum vero altius inserta ; 
antherae 1-loculares, oblongae, basi brevissime appendiculatse, apice 
leviter attenuate lbidemque poro conspicuo debiscentes. Discus 
parum prommens. Ovarii loculi pluri ■ ovulati ; stylus crassiusculus ; 
stigma truncatum levissime 2-lobum exsertum. Capsula oblonga. 
curvata, subrostrata, superne arete compressa, calycem vix excedeu 
vaivis cymbiformibus unilateraliter debiscens, a basi pauci 
sperma superne sterilis; semina subreniformia, compressiuscula, 
obscure tuberculata, bumectata baud mncilagmosa, retinacubs 









GO 

i 




D Blown UOx.. 



tiernia angolensis S.M ore- 



WELW 



197 




H. axgolensis (sp. rtnica, t. 211). Caule tenui obscure quad- 
rangulari deinde puberulo, foliis ad 0-7 cm. long, plerumque 
minoribus sessilibus oblongis obtusis, calyce # 8 cm. long., 
marcescente, corolla ca?rulea 1-0 cm. long., tubo ejus calycem 
paullo excedente puberula, filamentis superne attenuatis glabris 
antheris secus marginem baud debiscentem ciliolatis, capsula 1*3 
cm. long, puberula, seminibus vix 0-2 cm. long., brunneis. 

Hab. Frequentiss. in svlvis prope Quitive de Cima junio 1860 
florens. (No. 5001.) 

This most distinct genus, the propriety of the name of which 
will be recognised by everybody, has sufficient characters to deter- 
mine its affinity without any doubt. True porous anthers occur in 
the family only in the Martalmn Ophiorrhiziphyllon, which, how- 

', has two bilocular anthers and no retinacula to the seeds. 
Ctirdtmthera (Adenosma, Nees) is the only genus, besides the one 
here described, with non-indicated retinacula; but besides the 
entirely different corolla, andrcecium, habit, &c, our plant has 
imbricated and not contorted aestivation of the corolla. Its place 
is doubtless between Opkiorrhiziphylkm and Cardanthera ; and it 

links together the tribe Xetmmiea and Rudliee, sub-tribe Hygivpkilem. 

Hygrophila, R. Br. 

H. uliginosa (sp. nov.) — Erecta, strigoso-pubescens, caule valido 
tetragono demum vix glabro, foliis breviter petiolatis oblongis 
obtusis superioribus lanceolatis, fasciculis paucifloris, calycis lobis 
elongatis lineari-setaceispubescentibus, corollae labiopostico 2-fido, 
staminibus 4 aequalibus antheris basi muticis, ovulis numerosis, 
capsula subtereti apice acutata polysperma, seminibus orbiculatis. 

Hab. In uliginosis ad fluv. Lombe et prope Bumba. (No. 
5106.) 

Fere 3-pedalis. Folia ad 7*0 cm. long., firma, scabrida. 
Calycis tubus aegre ad 0-5 cm. long., iaeini® fere usque ad 1;0 cm. 
^ng. Corolla purpureo-violacea, extus puberula, magnitudme 
illarum H. phlonwidis, Nees. Capsula hevis, bisulcata. 

H. phUmoides, Nees prater characteres minoris valoris calycem 
ab illo nostne plant© omnino diversum pnebet. 

Brillantaisia, Beauv. 
B. alata, T. And.— Oliv. Linn. Trans, vol. xxix. t. 124. 

Hab. Frequens ad riv. Coango, Quibolo, et iid rivos de Quiapoze 
^ Cuango prope Sans^e distr, Golungo Alto. (Nos. 51-19, 5160, 
5182.) 

Herba gigantea, 5-7-pedalis, caule recto acutangulo superne 
ramoso. 



C. radium*, T. And. 



Cai.ophanks, Don. 



Hab. Distrr. Pungo Andongo et Huilla in berbidis prope 
Lopollo, itaque ad ( alunda et in dumetis siccioribus edit, de Em- 
Palanca. (Nos. 5046, 5055, 5075, 5158.) 



198 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM. 

Fruticulus 1-2-pedalis (quoad No. 5075) caulibus numerosis 
ramisque e basi ascendenti-erectis quasi capites latas fingentibus. 
Flores apibus gratissinii, pallide sulphurei, sub-aromatici. 

Var. mutica, nob. — Foliis oblongo oblanceolatis, 1*5-3*0 cm. 
long., antheris muticis. 

Hab. Pungo Andongo. (Nos. 5089, 5094.) 

Dubuc. 

Nos. 5107 et 5189 cujus flores delapsi. 

RuELLIA, L. 

E. (Paulo- Wil/iel miu) diversifolia (sp. nov.) — Hirsuta, caule 
subtereti, foliis ovatis obtusis petiolatis integerrimis, florum fasci- 
culis laxiusculis paucifloris breviter pedunculatis, bracteis magni> 
oblongo-oblanceolatis ciliatis, calycis laciniis iuaequalibus duobus 
angustis postico inajore omnibus obtusis ciliatis, corolbe tubo 
incurvo superne anipliato limbi 5-partiti lobis subsequalibus 
oblongis, stamiuum subexsertorum tilamentis per paria lateralia 
contiguis, ovarii loculi circiter J 2-ovulati, capsula oblongo-linearia 
a basi ipsa circiter 12-sperma, semiuibus orbiculatis retinaculis 
tenuibus fultis. 

Hab. In distr. Mossaniedes in rupestribus rubro-arenaceis ad 
' Boco do Kio Bero,' necnon in dist. Bumbo. (Nos. 5033, 5042.) 

Herba suffrutescens, multicaulis, 2-3 pedalis. Folia majora 
3 cm. long, et 2 cm. lat., obscure inaequilatera, minima vix 1 cm. 
long., plerumque verticillata. Corolla alba tubo incarnato extus 
puberula. Stylus pilosus ; stigmatis lobo postico subobsoleto. 

I have reduced Paulo- Wilhelmia to a section of liuellia, as I 

cannot see that it has sufficient character to warrant its position 
as a genus. 

R. (THschistocahjx) bignonleflora (sp. nov.) — Caule ramibus 
erectis subfastigiatis ramoso crebre glanduloso-pubescente, foliis 
parvis petiolatis ovatis breviter acuminatis glanduloso-pubescen- 
tibus membranaceis subtus pallidioribus, floribus apicem versus 
ramorum breviter pedunculatis vel sessilibus, calycis magni lobis 
elongatis linearibus obtusis puberulis lobo uno libero duobus 
paribus et (e confluentia loborum duorum), longe bifidis, corollae 
majusculaB tubo puberulo fere ad medium gracili superne lato 
longeque amplificato limbi lobis rotundatis, antherarum loculis 
staminis unici quam reliquorum minoribus, ovario oblongo apice 
attenuato, ovula quove in loculo 5, capsula magna circiter 6-sperma, 
semimbus orbiculatis pubescentibus retinaculis longissimis suffultis. 
Hab. Frequens in rupestribus Preira (seu Praia) de Zemba 
grande ad Quisembe et in distr. Loando sine loci indicationc. 
(Nos. 5202, 50(;:-5, 5126,5180.) 

Sutfratex 2-3 pedalis, glanduloso-viscosus. Folia plerumque 
2-0-4-0 cm. long, usque ad 2-5 cm. hit. Calvcis lobi circiter 2-1 cm. 
long, et 0-25 cm. lat., pilis glandulosis sic simplicibus muniti. 
Coiollfe tubo circiter G-() cm. long., basi vix 02 cm. et sub limbo 

1-0 cm. bit. Flores alto. Capsula 2-5 cm. long., Crustacea; 
erama 0-7 cm. diam.; retinacula fere 0-8 cm. long., incurva. 



CARDAMINK PRATENSlS, L., AND ITS SEGREGATES. 199 

Ex affinitate It. thunber<ji<cjiora>, T. And. {Dischistocahfx, 
Btk.) seel inultis de notis ab ilia abhorrent 

I cannot help thinking that Anderson's genus IHschdstocalyx 
(misprinted Dktiekomly® in ' Genera Plantarum ') must be con- 
sidered as a section, though doubtless a very well-marked one, of 
liuellia. The plant now under notice is different from typical 
Dischistocalt/x, insomuch as its calyx is divided into three and not 
four lobes ; but I presume that all species of liuellia with connate 
calyx-lobes must be referred to § DUchutocalyx, whatever the 
manner and degree of connation. 

i 

Duhia. 
No. 5003. — Specimen valde mancum. 

(To be continued ). 



CARDAMIXE. PHATEySIS, L., AND ITS SEGREGATES. 



By George Nicholson. 



For the last two or three seasons I have collected a good series 
oi forms of this very widely distributed aud extremely variable 
species, and during my attempts to work them out I have for- 
tunately been able to consult the herbaria at Kew and at the 
British Museum. As mere descriptions of such critical plants as 
the Cardamines are often totally inadequate for the proper identi- 
fication of the segregate forms, comparison with authenticated 
specimens is at times necessary before any one can be at all 
certain that he has correctly named a given form. This fact has 
been strongly impressed on my mind whilst going over the large 
series of C. prateims, its sub-species, and allied species contained 
m the above-mentioned herbaria. Widely different plants have 
received the same name from careful collectors and botanists, 
wll o, in all probability, have not seen a type specimen of the 
plant ni question, but have been obliged to content themselves 
witli simple descriptions. Considering the wide distribution of 

P™tm*it, a great range of variation might reasonably be 

expected, but any one who is only familiar with the species as it 

grows everywhere around us would be surprised at its protean 

character taken as a whole. If half a dozen, or even more, 

i the ^ell-defined varieties were submitted to such a one, and the 

1> l? U ! e(llnte linlis were not forthcoming, these forms would pro- 
abiv be looked upon as good species, even should the individual 

not belong to the « Jordanic " school. 
In tlm « y t 




I niat erial at Kew (not perhaps so full as to allow one to express 

very decided opinion in every instance), some of the Chilian 

jiecies founded by Pliilippi are only geographical outlying forms of 



t£7, lei i foimck ' tl b y Thilippi are only geographical outlying forms of 
Polymorphous V. pratenti*, and some of them are indistinguish- 



200 CARDAMINE PRAtENSIS, L., AND ITS SEGREGATES. 

able — in herbaria at least — from uncommon forms met with in 
Europe. Africa must now be added to the list, for Professor 
Oliver, in his ' Flora of Tropical Africa,' has sunk^ ft obliqua, 
Hochst. This form, of which I have seen good specimens from 
Abyssinia, is an exaggerated, strong-growing pratensis, with long, 
leafy steins — the cauline leaves being made up of numerous large 
rounded leaflets — and rather more densely-flowered racemes. I 
may say that the Kew specimens, though collected by Schimper 
and bearing the same herbarium number, 1541, are not so extreme 
as those at the British Museum. 

The synonymy of ft pratemis is rather lengthy, and probably, 
when the genus is thoroughly monographed, the names of several 
plants which are now given in books as good species will have to 
be added to the list. 
ft pratensis, L. 

ft granulosa, Allioni, Auct. ad Flor. Pedemont. 

ft dmtata, Schult. Observ. Bot. no. 9G8.; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 

iii. 36 ; Boreau, Flore du Centre, p. 43. . 
ft sylvatica, Besser (non Link), Primitive Florae Galicieae, 

ii., 76. 
ft buchthormensis, Willd. Herb, ex Stev. 
ft stolonifera, Tausch. (non Scop.) 
ft latifolia, Lej. Flore de Spa (non Vahl.) 
ft Hayneana, Welw. Beich. Flora Germanica, 676. 
ft paludosa, Knaf. Flora, xxix., 293. 
ft obliqua, Hochst. in PL Schimper Abyss. ; Ach. Bichard, 

Voyage en Abyssinie, tome 4, p. 19. 
ft Matthioli, Morett. Flora Italica, vii., 29. 
ft palustris, Petermann. 
ft granulosa, Schur. and ('. fontinalis, Schur. Verb, der 

Siebenburgischen Verein zu Hermannstadt, p. 60. 
ft rivularis, Schur. Verh. der Siebenburgischen Verein 
zu Hermannstadt, p. 61. Enumeratio Plant arum 
Transilvanise, p. 49. 
ft nasturtioides, Schur. Herb Transilv. (non Barneoud). 
ft pseudopratensis, Schur. 

ft praticola, Jord. Diagnoses d'Especes Nouvelles ou 
Meconnues, p. 128. 

ft herbicaga, Jord. Diagnoses, p. 129. 

ft ndicola, Jord. Diagnoses, p. 130. 

ft vulgaris, Philippi. Linmea, 1856, p. 665. 

ft grandijlora, Hallier. Bot. Zeit., 1866,. p. 209. 
I have preferred giving these names under ft pratensis, instead 
of attempting to classify them all under half a dozen, or even three, 
of the best-defined forms. For example, ft palustris, of which 
there are two sheets of type specimens at the British Museum, is a 
different plant from ft dentata, under which it is placed as a 
synonym by Nynian in his * Conspectus Florae Europae,' and ft 
Matthioli, Moretti, of which I have seen several examples from 
Italy, is certainly not quite identical with ft Uagncana, Welw. 
For all ordinary purposes of critical British Botany, ft pratensis 



202 CARDAMINE PRATENSIS, L., AND ITS SEGREGATES. 

dmtata. It seems to affect boggy or damp woody spots, and its 
long radical leaves are not spreading as in C. pratensis, but are 
erect or ascending, and are composed of much fewer, larger, 
angled, and toothed leaflets, the terminal one being generally 
cuneate. The flowers are white or pale lilac, and the inflorescence 
is more elongated than that of the other forms. The Kew plant 
which I have sent to the Botanical Exchange Club for distribu- 
tion was kindly compared with the specimens in the ■ Prodromus ' 
Herbarium at Geneva by Mons. C. DeCandolle, and the name con- 
firmed ; it seems thoroughly to agree with the figure in Reichenbach's 
'Plants Critics,' tab. 4308/3. I have seen specimens collected 
in Gallicia by Besser, and others from Erfurt, Leipsic, and Stock- 
holm. The dmtata of ' Herb. Florae Ingricae' is the exact counter- 
part of the Kew plant, as are also those just mentioned. ( \ palustris, 
Peterm. (Leipsic), is a strong-growing bog form near dmtata; of 
this the author makes two varieties, isophylla and heterophylla, the 
leaflets of the radical leaves of the latter being rounded, slightly 
toothed, whilst those of the cauline are ovate, entire. 

C. Hayneana, Welw. (Reichenbach's ' Plantae Critics,' t. 4308 c), 
is an extreme form of pratensis, of which the figure above quoted 
gives but a faint idea. It is in fact a variety with quite the habit 
of C. hirmta, but with flowers about three times the size of those 
of that species, and with the stem and leaves of pratensis. In the 
British Museum are type specimens collected by Welwitsch himself 
at Vienna ; these have cauline leaves, with numerous small round 
leaflets and white flowers, hardly half the size of those of ordinary 
pratensis. A plant identical with this in every respect is one from 
Roemer's Herbarium (now in the British Museum), labelled "C. 
nova species." In Neilreich's * Flora von Wien/ where ( '. pratensis 
is divided into three varieties — a Hayneana, ftgenuina, and ydentata 
—it is stated that these three forms pass imperceptibly from one into 
the other ; Hayneana is described as having leaflets as a rule quite 
round, but sometimes linear or lanceolate. A plant I collected by 
the Thames, between Kew and Mortlake, agrees thoroughly in 
habrt and size of flower with Welwitscli's, and only differs from 
that in its lanceolate leaves. This is an uncommon, but a widely 
spread form. In the British Museum there is a specimen, collected 
in N.W. America by Douglas, which ought to be placed here; as 
also another from Newfoundland. At Kew one of Rupert Huter's 
Tyrolese Plants, labelled C. pratensis, L., var. stricta, Welw., i 
exactly Hayneana. I cannot distinguish specimens in Herb. 
Lechler, labelled 0. chilensis, DC., as well as others (bearing same 
name) collected by Dr. R. 0. Cunningham in 1867-G9 at Sandy 
Point, Cape Negro, St. Nicholas Bay, and Port Grappler (Chili), 
from the Kew Thames side plant. In Herb. Bentham a specimen 
from Gratz, Marbourg, comes here. Italian specimens of G. 
Matthioli, Moretti, are intermediate between this and ordinary 
pratensis. 



203 



ON LATTAKIA TOBACCO. 
By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, M.A., F.B.S., &c. 

In 1876 I published a note in the ' Journal of the Linnean 
Society' (Botany, vol. xv., pp. 246, 247), in which I pointed out 
that Lattakia* tobacco is produced by Nicotiana Tabacum, and that 
it had been smoked with pine-wood. The latter part of this 
statement was based on the opinion of Dr. Post, the Professor of 
Botany at the Syrian Protestant College at Beyrout, that el Ez'r, 
the name of the tree yielding the wood which was used for fumi- 
gation, resulted from a transposition of the letters of el Arz. Dr. 
Post subsequently informed me that at the time he made this 
suggestion he had not seen the name written. He pointed out to 
me that "the apostrophe between the 'z' and the 'r' must 
indicate, in accordance with the usual custom of Arabic translitera- 
tion into English, a letter not transferable into our tongue, probably 
the 'ain.' " It would then be " a quadriliteral and not a mere 
transposition of the triliteral Arz." Dr. Post subsequently ascer- 
tained that the word is a local one, and not classical, and, therefore, 
that the conjecture from philological data as to what the tree 
might be which produced the wood fell to the ground. 

Mr. Gr. J. Eldridge, Consul-General at Beyrout, subsequently 
obtained specimens of the foliage of the tree which bears the name 
of el Ez'r, and it was immediately identified by Dr. Post as 
a Querent, probably Q. Cerris, L. Professor Oliver having, how- 
ever, carefully compared the specimens with those in the Hew 
Herbarium, informed me that he considered that they belonged 
without doubt to a variety of Querent Robur, L. . 

At the time I communicated my note to the Linnean Society J. 
was not aware of the existence of a paper in the ' Technologist 
(vol. hi., pp. 161-165) by Mr. Charles Edward Cxiiys on the cultuie 
of Lattakia tobacco. ' In this it is stated (p. 164) that the peculiar 
mode of preparing this tobacco was the result of an accident. 
The Nessaries, whose almost sole occupation was the cultivation ot 
tobacco, on one occasion at the time of the harvest, were at war 
with Latakia, and determined to keep the crop, when gat heied, in 
a safe place until the return of peace. It being then the com- 
mencement of winter, fires were lighted in the cabins, in ■*£«*■'» 
usual, the tobacco was hanging. The wood ^ at .^^ e ^ fo ' f 
fuel was a species of the Quercus lie,; known by the local name ,of 
' Ozer,' and, as chimneys were unknown, the cabins speedily became 
filled with smoke, and the tobacco thoroughly impieg at »d 
When the tobacco was offered for sale « the flavour and odour were 
found to be far superior to that which it possessed before. .. . . a 
demand arose for this kind of tobacco, and the name Abou . Biha 
(father of perfume) was given to it in consequence Dt. W*t 
tells me that he has been informed that the roots of the myrtteare 
also used to fumigate the tobacco, and that this plant is vulgaily 
called " Eihan," which signifies aromatic.^ ______ 

The name of 11^7^^*^*} . Bpelfcd locally with a double t. 



204 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 

* 

Mons. N. Vitale, the British Vice-Consul at Lattakia, gives the 
following brief particulars of the whole procedure of the growth 
and manufacture at the present clay (1876) : — 

The seeds are sown in March in nursery-beds, carefully worked 
and manured. From these, in May, the young plants are removed 
and planted out in the fields a foot apart, and carefully watered. 
Seven or eight weeks afterwards gathering commences, the leaves, 
as they are daily collected, being strung on threads and hung to 
the roofs of the houses, which are without windows. When the 
collection is finished the fumigation is begun by burning in the 
houses the wood of "el Ez'r " ; the greener the wood the more 
successful the fumigation. This gives the tobacco its black colour 
and its almost aromatic odour. It continues till the following 
April, but produces the best results in whiter, and especially 
in February. When the tobacco is removed from the roofs it 
is dry, and needs damping before packing. The absorption of 
water is facilitated by piling it in heaps and weighting it with 
stones. The merchants who receive it keep it some time in store 
to allow it to dry and ferment before packing. 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR 

EXPEDITION OF 1875-6. 



Chichester 



7 — 3 

' Discovery. 1 



(Continued from p. 182.) 



if 



Dist. 12 3-5. Lat. 69° 15' to 78° 18'. E. and G. 

Frequent, and always by the sea-side, at or near high water 
mark . 

8. lunyipes, Goldie. 

Dist 1 2 3 - 5 6 7 8 9 - - 12 13. Lat. 69° 15' to 82° 27'. 
E., W., and G. 

One of the commonest plants at Foulke Fiord ; a reindeer shot 
thereby Lieut. Conybeare had its stomach full of this plant in a 
hall-digested state ; in this condition it is a dish highly prized by 
the Esquimaux. Common in Discovery Bay, but flowering 
sparingly. In flower July 7. 

Sea-level to 1500 feet in Discovery Bay. 

Cermtium alpimun, L. 

Dist 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13. Lat. 68° 42' to 82° 50'. 
E., W., and G. 

A very variable plant, very stunted in the more northerly 
regions. In a small enclosure behind the governor's house at 
Disco it reached a height of ten inches. Flowering the first week 
m July m Discovery liay. Floeberg Beach (H. W. F. and coll. 
Moss) ; Cape Joseph Henry (H. W. F.) 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 205 

Same vertical range as the last, and like it very scarce and 
stunted at the higher levels. 

C. lati folium, L. (C. cmpitomm, Malmgren). 

Dist. 1 7 8 - - - 12 13. Lat 69° 15' to 82° 27'. 

E., W., and G. 

It is with considerable hesitation that I record this species 
from the Arctic Regions ; I gathered two specimens at English- 
man's Bay, Disco, not in flower ; again (Aug. 6) met with it at the 
11 Deserted Village," Hayes Sound ; Dr. Coppinger found it in blow 
at Gould Bay ; in Discovery Bay it was rare, and seldom flowering ; 
and Capt. Feilden showed me specimens of it from Floeberg 
Beach. It always grew in very wet situations, amongst moss and 
slushy stream beds, and was the last species to come into blow in 
Discovery Bay, not flowering until Aug. 7, though snow had 
fallen considerably, and the season was over. It agrees well with 
Malmgren's ( '. c&spitosum* which he makes a form of C. alpinum. 
In addition to his characteristics may be mentioned the stem hairs 
yellowish and minutely glandular, the leaves shining and almost 
succulent, and the flowers large and conspicuous, in proportion to 
size of plant and height of flowering stem ; the leaves have a 
pleasant fresh flavour, reminding one of apples, which does not 
seem to exist in C. alpinum. Wahlenberg says of C. alpinum: 
"Dum folia latiora usque ad ovalia sunt, semper simul pilosiora 
fuint; quo angustiora eo plerunique glabriora superstite tantum 
caule piloso " (Flora Lapponica). Exactly the reverse is the case 
here, Floeberg Beach (H. W. F.) 

Sea-level to 1400 feet in Discovery Bay. 

Rosacea. 
Alchemilla vulgaris, L. 
Dist. 1 2. Lat. 69° 15' to 72° 20'. G. 

Abundant and luxuriant at Englishman's Bay and by a lake in 
Blase Daien, Disco. 

Dry as octopetala, L. 

Dist. 5 11. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 40'. E. 

Polaris Bay (coll. Copp.^l and Foulke Fiord. 

D. octopetala, L. (intearifolia, Wahl., var.) 

Dist. 12 3 4 5 6 7 8*9 ' 10 11 12 18. Lat. 68° 42' to 82° 50'. 
E., W., and G. 
. The usual form, flowers often pale yellow. This is the chief 
ingredient in forming turf, and, with slices of blubber, forms 
capital fuel. Flowering July 2 in Discovery Bay. Floeberg 
Beach (H. W. F. and coll. Moss) ; Cape Joseph Henry (H. W. F.) 
Prefers low levels. 

Sea-level to 1000 feet in Disco. 

Pottmtilla Sibbaldia, Syme (Sibbaldia procumbens, L. Potentilla 

Procinnbens, Clairv.) 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 



'Phanerogamic Flora of Spitzbergen.' 
K^ttiy; vol. u. f May 1, 1804, p. 189. 



Bv A. J. Malmgren. 'Journal of 



206 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 

Disco, especially at Lyngemarken. I quite agree with W. 
Wilson and Sir J. Hooker in referring this plant to the genus 
Potentilla ; it appears to have been separated on account of sup- 
posed definite stamens, but I observed them to be six, seven, or 
eight, of tener than five, in number; it has all the habit and other 
characters of Potentilla; it cannot, however, be called P. pro- 
cuwbens, since Sibthorp has already appropriated that name for the 
procumbent rooting form of P. Tormentilla, Sib thorp. 

P. anseriwt, L. (var. (/nenlandica, DC.) 
Dist. - 2 - - 5 G. Lat. 

Sparingly at Proven and Gape Sabine, more common at 
Foulke Fiord. 

P. nice a, L. 

Dist. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13. Lat. 68° 42' to 82° 50'. 
E., W., and G. 

Common everywhere, and very variable. Typical P. nivea 
gives place to P. VahUana, L., and P. pulchella, Br., to the north- 
ward. In flower July 8, Discovery Bay. Floeberg Beach and Cape 
Joseph Henry (H. W. F.) 

Sea-level to 1400 feet on Mt. Stephenson, Discovery Bay. 

P.frvjida, Vill. (P. emarginata, Pel.) 

Dist. 1 2 - - 5 6 7 11 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 50'. 

E., W., and G. 

Disco, between Englishman's Bay and Lievely ; Proven, Foulke 
Fiord, Discovery Bay. Near Shift Budder Bay (coll. Moss); 
Hayes Sound and Polaris Bay (coll. Copp.) 

P. tridentata, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Common along the coast of Disco, from Englishman's Bay to 
Point Laxe. 

OnagraceiB. 
Epilobium latifolium, L. 

Dist. 1 . . - 5 - 7 - - - - 12 13. Lat. 68° 42' to 82° 27'. 
E., W., and G. 

Seems to prefer stony places by running water, especially in 
the neighbourhood of glaciers, as at Itifdliarsuk Glacier, near 
Bittenbank; Brother John's Glacier, Foulke Fiord; and the Twin 
Glacier, Hayes Sound. I did not see it in flower north of Hayes 
Sound. In the neighbourhood of Discovery Bay it occurred in 
two streams in small quantities, producing buds, but no flowers. 
Floeberg Beach (H. W. F.) 

Sea-level to 100 feet at Foulke Fiord. 

E. alpwum, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Disco, rather rare, headlands to the west of Godhavn. 

• E. alpinum, L. (var. origanifolium, Lain.) 
Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 
Englishman's Bay, Disco, 






ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 207 

Sarifraijacea. 
Saxifraifii Aizoon, Jaeq. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15' to 69° 55'. G. 

Lyngemarken and Englishman's Bay, Disco. Head of Svarto 

Vogel Bay, near Bittenbank. 

S. oppositifolia , L. 

Dist. 1 2 "3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13. Lat. 68° 42' to 83° 8'. 

E., W., and G. 

Grows in every sort of situation, but luxuriantly only in moist 
places at low levels. Sometimes produces magnificent effects of 
purple and rose against the snow, as at Foulke Fiord. This 
Saxifrage opened its leaf-buds in a perfectly exposed situation at 
Polaris Bay, with the thermometer at 9° F. on May 14th ; and it 
was the first to flower at St. Patrick's Bay, June 7. Floeberg 
Beach (H. W. F. and coll. Moss); Cape Joseph Henry (H. W. F.) 
Gathered by Lieut. Aldrich, at Ward Hunt Island, lat. 83° 4 , and 
Cape Columbia, lat. 83° 8', the most northern land yet visited by 
civilised man. 

Sea-level to 2000 feet in Discovery Bay. 

S. ca-spitosa, L. (var. miflora, Br.) 

Dist. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13. Lat. 68° 42' to 82° 27'. 

E., W., and G. , , , 

I am inclined to think that this plant entered more largely 
than any other into the sum total of all our Arctic vegetation ; 
though not flowering as freely by any means as the last, nor 
perhaps occurring so plentifully at low levels, it has the advantage 
at high altitudes. It is a very variable plant ; cauline leaves 
entire or tripartite, sometimes palmately lobed with the middle 
segment tripartite, other plants with both cut and entire eaves on 
the same stem ; leaves glabrous, or even very hairy, dark or paie 
green ; flowers-white, cream-coloured, or pale yellow, iiie paie 
yellow-flowered variety has usually a more diffuse habit, ion er 
peduncles, smaller flowers, and the leaves fringed with gland- 
tipped hairs. In Discovery Bay this latter was common and 
looked very different from the white-flowered form, floeberg 

Beach (H. W. F. and Moss coll.) 

Sea-level to 2000 feet in Discovery Bay. 

D^f.' L : - - 9. Lat. 69° 15' to 80° 24 . W. and G 
Typical 8. cmpUom with many, or more ^™£ 
stems, was gathered only at Disco and at Badniore Harbour. 

DirT2 L 3-567 8---12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. 
At f^^under and amongst ***^J*%£% 

little auk, this plant was remarkably luxuriant ; specn ns gathered 
there were eight and ten inches in height with many flowei 
often as much as an inch across, and with six seven or aght 
petals apiece. Very rarely flowering in Discovery Bay, and then 
only one on the top of stem late in the season. 

300 to 1100 feet. 



208 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 

* 

S. rivularis, L. 

Dist. 12-456 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. 

E., W., and G. 
Common at Disco, Proven, Cape York, and Cape Sabine. Dr. 
Moss gathered two plants upon Bellot Island, Discovery Bay. 
Sea-level to 500 feet at Cape Sabine. 

S. nivalis, L. 

Dist. 1 2 3 - 5 6 7 - - - - 12 13. Lat. 68° 42' to 82° 27'. 
E., W., and G. 

Rare, and seldom floAvering in Discovery Bay ; a dwarf, vivi- 
parous Saxifrage, gathered here by me, and at Shift Budder Bay 
by Feilden, and referred to this species by Oliver, may possibly be 
a variety of S. nrgimams, Mich. S. nivalis flowered freelv only at 
Foulke Fiord. 

300 to 1400 feet at Discovery Bay. 

S. stellaria, L. (var. comosa, J. Vahl.) 
Dist. 1. Lat. 68° 42'. G. 

A few stunted specimens were noticed late in the season at 
Egedesminde. 

S. flagellar is, L. 

Dist •■■■56 12 13. Lat. 78° 18' to 82° 27'. 

E. and W. 

First met with at Foulke Fiord upon the plateau above the 
glacier between the cliffs and the Mer de Glace, at an altitude of 
from 1200 to 1500 feet. Did not observe it at lower levels there. 
Prefers wet muddy places, and dwindles when the soil dries. In 
flower Discovery Bay July 7. Shift Rudder Bay (coll. Moss) and 
lloeberg Beach (H. W. F. and coll. Moss). 

300 to 900 feet at Discovery Bay. 

S. trimspidata, Retz. 

Dist 1 -- - 5 -7 - -.- 12 13. Lat. 69° 15' to 82° 27'. 
E., W., and G. 

Flowering freely at Foulke Fiord. In Discovery Bay its rich 
reddish foliage, covering large patches of shingle in some places, 
produces a pleasing eflect. Gray (Bot. Northern United States, 
lblZ), says of this plant—" Petals obovate oblong, yellow ;" in my 
observation they are always pure white, sparingly and prettily 
dotted at the base with orange and yellow. I observed, however, 
tiiat they become yellow in drying. In flower July 20 in Dis- 
covery Bay. Floeberg Beach (H. W. F ) 

700 to 1400 feet at Discovery Bay. 

llift 



ingeUea Archanyelica, L. (Archanqelica offi 

[>ist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. * 



m Englishman's Bay and along the coast from there to Laxe Bay 
m several glens, and by Blase Dalen Lake. The " Qvan " of the 
natives, much prized as an antiscorbutic ; the root seems to be the 
part most valued ; a sweetmeat is made from it in East Greenland. 
Has well-known Disco plant is omitted from Brown's list. 



(To be continued). 



• 209 



ON A COLLECTION OF FEKNS MADE BY DR. BECCAEI 

IN WESTERN SUMATRA. 

By J. G. Baker, F.R.S. 

In the months of June and July, 1878, Dr. Beccari paid a" visit 
to the west side of Sumatra, and made a large collection of plants 
in the province of Padang, especially on Mount Singalan, which 
attains the temperate region. As he has very kindly sent me the 
first set of his ferns for examination and determination, and given 
us specimens of nearly all of them for the Kew herbarium, I pro- 
pose in the present paper to give a complete list of the species 
which he met with. Our previous knowledge of the ferns of the 
island was very scanty. The collection contains about 140 species, 
of which twenty prove to be novelties. The numbers are the dis- 
tribution-numbers of Dr. Beccari's collection. Where there is no 
number, only a single example was gathered. For the new 
species, the numbers in brackets indicate their position in the 
sequence followed in our ' Svnopsis Filicum.' 

426. Gleichenia arachnoidea, Mett. Mt. Singalan, above 2oOO 

metres. 

456. a. vxdcanica, Blume. With the last. 

457. G. vestita, Bluine. With the two last. 

438 (86*). Cyathea suhateana, Baker, n. sp. Fronds ample, 
tripinnate, with the main rachis and that of the pinnae destitute 
of prickles, but densely clothed with ferruginous tomentum and 
large linear acuminate red-brown membranous scales. Jinnee 
oblong-lanceolate, l*-2 ft. long, 5-6 in. broad; pinnules lanceolate, 
sessile, 8-9 lines broad, cut down to the rachis into hgulate obtuse 
entire tertiary lobes * in. broad. Veins moderately distinct, H-iu- 
jugate, all except the uppermost once or twice forked. Aexrare 
fiim; both surface green. Sori crowded, filling up ne arly 'the 
whole of the space between the midrib and margin of the jrcrtoary 
segments, but mainly restricted to their lower half. Anvolurae 
large, very fragile, breaking up irregularly. Mount Sm^lan, 
above 1700 metres. Near C. crenulata, Blume ftom_ which it 
differs by its entire tertiary segments, densely scaly and tomentose 

rachises, &c. v j 

489 (44*). Cyathea schizochlamys, Baker, n. sp. * r ? nc f 
ample, tripinnate, firm and subrigid in texture gree a on both 
sides, thinly tomentose and clothed with small linear a«^te 
scales on the unprickly main rachis, and that of the pmme 
densely clothed with small ovate-lanceolate ~*^»*~ ^ . 
the midribs of the pinna* and tertiary segments on the under 
surface. Pinna, oblong-lanceolate, 1* ft. long, 5 ~ b J\2 t te 
Pumules lanceolate, sefsile, f-f in. broad, MWJ**"^ ™ 
Middle to the apex, cut down to the midrib into In ea i ent xe or 
f arely cumulate tertiary segments about a line ^'^* * ™ 
tjnct space between them. Veins 9-10-jugate ^ *;^i*X 
th « base. Sori placed close to the midrib. ^f* ^£j 
membranous, soon slitting down to the base. Woods of Mount 

Z E 



210 FERNS OF WESTERN SUMATRA. 

Singalan. Allied to C. araclmoidea, Hook., in cutting and texture, 



but very different in son and involucre. It is only unusuallj 
developed tertiary segments in which the veinlets are more or less 
pinnate that show any crenation or lobing, as occurs not unfre- 
quently in other tripinnate tree ferns in which the tertiary segments 
are typically entire. 

431 (39 : ' : ). Alsophila .aiodesta, Baker, n. sp. Stipe under a 
foot- long, its glossy dark brown linear scales reaching \ in. long. 
Fronds 2^-3 ft. long, rhomboid, tripinnate, moderately firm in 
texture, green and nearly glabrous and scaleless on both surfaces, 
except a few lanceolate scales of the midrib of the pinnules beneath, 
the rachises pubescent, but without prickles or scales. Pinna' 
oblong-lanceolate, the central ones the largest, 9-12 in. long, 2^-3 
in. broad, shortly stalked, the lower smaller and more decidedly 
petioled; pinnules lanceolate, sessile, §— |- in. broad, cut down in 
the lower part to the rachis, and in the upper to a narrow wing 
into close ligulate entire obtuse tertiary segments under a line 
broad. Veins distinct, 6-7 -jugate, forked or simple. Sori costular, 
not reaching the margin. Mount Singalan, 1800 metres. A near 
ally of the common Indian A. latebrosa. 

434. Hymenophyllum dilatatum, Blume. Mount Singalan, 1700- 
2000 metres. Three varieties, the type, H. Junghuhnii of Van- 
denbosch, and a third, less compound, with a broad wing to the 
main rachis. 

483. R. polyanthos, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 200 metres. 

484. H.jcwanicum, Spreng. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

• 452. H. Pieimvardtii, Vandenbosch Hymen. Javan. tab. 42. 
This is evidently specifically distinct from II. javanicum, under 
which it is noticed in ' Synopsis Filicum.' It differs from the 
slender, much-crisped forms of that species by its toothed seg- 
ments, and should be placed in section Leptucioniuw, in the neigh- 
bourhood of II. denticulatum. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

440. II. tunbmhyense, Sm. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. New 
to the Malay islands. 

487. 11. Xeesii, Hook. Mt. Singalan, 2000 metres. 

570. H. sabinafolium , Baker. Ayer Mancior, 300 metres. 
Trichomanes muscoides, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
436. T. diyitatum, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 2000 metres. 

571, 582. T. javanicum, Blume. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 
486. T. auriculatum, Blume. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 



453. T. radicans, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1700-2000 metres. 



589. T. rigidum, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres, and Ayer 
Mancior, 860 metres. 

590. T. maximum, Blume. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 
420. T. apiifolium, Presl. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

432. Diacalpe axpidioides, Blume. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

436, 487. DavaUia Spelling, Baker. Two varieties. Mt. Sin- 
galan, 1700 metr j. 

/>. bidlata, Witll. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
412. I). contii/Ha, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metr* . 
o80. D. decurnns, Hook. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 



FERNS OF WESTERN SUMATRA. 



211 

D. tenuifoUa, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1200 metres. 

451. Lindsuya eultrata, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres, and 

Ayer Maucior. 

L. lobata, Poir. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

583. Pteris loiujifolia, L. Ayer Maucior, 360 metres. 
P. pellucida, Presl. With the last. 

591 (1*). Pteris reducta, Baker, n. sp. Stipes densely tufted, 
naked, with only a few small linear scales at the base. Fronds 
lanceolate, glabrous, green on both sides, rather firm in texture, 
about a foot long, 2-2| in. broad, simply deeply pinnatifid or 
pinnate, cut doAvn in the"upper part nearly, in the lower part quite 
to the rachis into crowded ligulate obtuse segments £-^ in. broad, 
30-40 pairs below the caudate apex. Veins close, distinct, deeply 
forked. Sori extending from the base to the tip of the segments. 
Involucre narrow, glabrous. Ayer Maneior, 360 metres. Closely 
resembles P. quadriaurita in texture and veining, but the whole 

frond simply pinnate. 

Pteris quadriaurita, Retz. Ayer Maucior, and ascends Mt. 

Singalan to 1700 metres. 

P. biaurita, L. Ayer Maucior, 360 metres. 

416. P. excelsa, Gaudich. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

(1*). Pteris platysora, Baker, n. sp. Stipe 2-3 ft. long, naked, 
stramineous upwards, castaneous towards the base. Lamma 
li-2 ft. long, £ ft. broad, oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate, 
glabrous, green on both sides, moderately firm m texture, pinnae 
about 25, simple, linear, erecto-patent, the lower distinctly petioied, 
5-6 in. long, £-1 in. broad, entire, tbe upper sessile, the end one 
like the others. Veins distant, simple or forked, bonis con- 
tinuous, not reaching the tips of the pinna, one twelfth m. broaa. 
Involucre broad and distinct, but hidden when the fruit is fully 

developed. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. Near P. longij oha, horn 
which it differs by its distant pinnae , broad son, distant veins, <sc. 
Whole plant reaching a height of 5-6 feet. Lower pinna *-* m. 

apart on the same side. _, . _• 011 v tm . 

417 (42* ). Pteris Radula, Baker, n. sp. Rhizome^ wiry ; subter- 
ranean, wide-creeping, one-twelfth in. in diameter Stipes lemote 
brown,' naked, 9-12°in. long, rough with minute raieed pmnte, 
like the flexuose rachis. Lamina lanceolate, firm in textuie, 
green and glabrous on both sides, 8-15 m long, 8-4 in. bioad 
tripinnatifid or tripinnate. Lower pinnae deltoid, ^W«JJ* 
lower side at the base, the unequal-sided del md 1«#* «£ *£■ 
nearly or quite to the rachis into small oblong-cuneate tertiary 
segments; upper pinna more lanceolate, with ^^"«£j 

segments. Veins free, immersed and *^JZ22ZTjk 
reaching from the base nearly to the tip of the s ^ ent ^ ^ 
v. 'lucre Wow, glabrous. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metie Close > 
allied to P. sc<d>?ru!a of New Zealand but less "^P ^™ 1 
fewer broader ultimate segments, resembling those of I . «£<< j. 
424. P. incisa, Thunb., var. aurita, Blume. Mt. Singalan, 

1700 metres 

584. P. mar.jhuaa, Bory. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 



212 FERNS OF WESTERN SUMATRA. 

421. Lomaria elongate, Blume. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
4<;9. /.. procera, Spreng. Mt. Singalan, 2500 metres. 
411. L. (Playioyi/ria) adnata, Blume. Mt. Singalan, 1700 
metres. 

L. (Platiior/yria) pycnophylla, Kunze. With the last. 
593. Blechnum orientate, L. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 
431. Woodwardia radicam, Sm. Mt. Singalan, 1400 metres. 
Asplenium sqiuo nidation, Blume. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 

427. A. amboinense, Willd. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
462. A. tenerum, Forst. "With the last. 
A.falcatum, Lam. With the two last. 

A. resrrtum, Sm. Mt. Singalan and Ayer Mancior. 
A. nitidum, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
473. A. laserpitiifoliion, Lam. With the last. 
A. Belamjeri, Kunze. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 
A. Uaifolium, D. Don. With the last. 

428. A. decussation, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

466. Didijmochhma lunulata, Desv. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres, 
and Ayer Mancior. 

418. Aspidium andeatum, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

A. aristatam, Sw. With the last. 

471 (70*). Nephrodium (Lastrea) singalanense, Baker, n. sp. 
Caudex erect. Stipes densely tufted, grey, slender, about a foot 
long, with a few small linear brown scales near the base. Lamina 
oblong-lanceolate, bipinnate, 18-21 in. long, -| ft. broad, rather 
thin in texture, green on both sides, finely pubescent, scaleless, 
the raclns substraruineous and minutely pubescent. Pinna) lan- 
ceolate, sessile, the central ones 2i-3 in long, 8-10 lines broad, the 
lower a little reduced, cut down nearly to the midrib into lanceo- 
late entire or crenate secondary segments one-twelfth to one-eighth 
in. broad. Veins 8-10-jugate, distinct, simple, or forked. Sori 
small, medial. Involucre minute, fugacious. Mt. Singalan, 



1700 metres. Resembles .V. conterminum in habit, sori, and 
texture .-differs by the lower pinna? being little reduced, and many 
of the veins forked. 

586. Nephrodium calcaratum, Hook. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 

429. N. nscosum, Baker. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

5G8. N. immersion, Hook. Ayer Mancior. 

435. X. Filix-mas, Rich., var. elonyatum. Mt. Singalan, 1700 

470. X. sparsum, D. Don. With the last. 

4/0. X molie, Desv. With the two last. A curious large 
variety, with the pinna* of the lower 2 ft. of the frond dwarfed down 
to mere auricles. 

433 (159 ::: ). Nephrodium (Euxephrodiu.m) debile, Baker, n. sp. 
Mnzome short-creeping, hypogaeous, £ in. diam. Stipes contiguous, 
Slender, grey, naked, 8-12 in. long. Lamina lanceolate, bipimm- 
tiiicl, 8-12 in. long, 2-2£ in. broad, moderately firm in texture, 
Hreen on both sides, strigillose all ov< ir above, finely pubescent on 
the ribs b.neatli. Pirmm a A <Hriln n w^~ i— ILi-a '* j n ;„ i nn a 



M 



wn to the midrib into oblong 



FERNS OF WESTERN SUMATRA. 213 

obtuse lobes, the lower pinn® slightly dwarfed. Veins 4-G-jugate, 
the two lower joining at their tips. Sori small, medial. Involucre 
persistent. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. Just like the well-known 
West Indian Pol y podium (Oomopteru) reptam in size, habit, and 
veining. 

412. N. Hamkeanuw , Presl. With the last. 

455 (176*). Nephrodium eminens, Baker, n. sp. Caudex not 
seen. Stems stout, naked, 2 ft. long below the glands, 2 ft. more 
with glands and pinnae dwarfed down to mere auricles. Proper 
lamina oblong, bipinuatifid, 2|-3 ft. long by half as broad, sub- 
coriaceous in texture, green on both surfaces, glabrous, except on 
the finely pilose ribs. Pinnae, except the dwarfed upper and lower 
ones, distinctly stipitate, the fully-developed central ones lan- 



£-1 



* 



dwarfed lower pinnae deltoid, and lowest represented only by 
glands 3-4 in. apart. Veins distinct, 10-12-jugate, several joining 
at their tips. Sori small, medial, not quite orbicular. Involucre 
minute, fugacious. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. A fine and well- 
marked plant, 6-7 feet high, coming nearest V. brachyodo* of 

species already known. 

573. A 7 , melanocaulon, Baker. Ayer Mancior. 

575 (202*). Nephrodium (Sagenia) nebulosum. linker, n. sp. 
Stipes tufted, castaneous, 1* ft. long, with only a few small brown 
lanceolate scales at the base. Lamina deltoid, 12-15 in. long, 
rather less broad, green and glabrous on both sides, moderately 
firm in texture, with a deeplv pinnatifid large end-pinna, with 
short obtuse upper lobes and large lanceolate lower ones, and 2-4 
lanceolate free pinme, the lowest unequal sided and forked at the 
posterior base. Main veins of the pinna? distinct to the edge, 
slender, erecto-patent, with very copious areolae between them with 
free included veinlets. Sori very abundant, minute. Involucre 
very minute and very fugacious. Rachis dark brown, like the 
stipe ; ribs of the lamina pale brown. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 
Comes between A', ternntum and N. mehinocaulon. 

N. pachyphyllum, Baker. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

572. N. ylandnlomm, J. Sin., var. a****, Baker. Aspidium 
tupenm, Mett. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 

422. Oleandra neriifonnis, Cav. 

595. Pohjpodium difformt, Blume. Ayer Mancior. 

P. urophyllum, Wall. Ayer Mancior. 

440 (99*). Polvvoditm congmtr, Hook. &™™*» c ' m '-'^ 
Blume Fil. Jav., tab. 46, fig. 3". Mt. Singalan, 1700 metivs This 
is not taken up in < Synopsis Filicum,' but I now behove it to be a 
distinct species, differing from V. hirtum by its subglabrous frond, 
lone 



hhizome short-creeping, epigwoua, one-tifi 

clothed with densely imbricated large pale .— — y-" „.. 
Canons scales. Stipe almost obsolete. Lamina hgulate, entire, 
\ ft. long, 4-5 lines broad at the middle, narrowed graoually to the 



214 FERNS OF WESTERN SUMATRA. 



base, very thick and coriaceous in texture, almost naked on both 
sides, but the edge ciliated with a few very minute black hairs. 
Veins forked, free. Sori orbicular, slightly immersed, placed in a 
single row near the thick midrib in the upper half of the frond a 
short space from one another. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. Near 
the Oeylonese P. zeylanicum, Mett. 

448 (117*)- Polypodium (Eupolypodium) sumatranum, Baker, 
n. sp. Rhizome short- creeping, epigseous, ^ in. diam. Scales 
densely imbricated, pale brown, lanceolate. Stipes contiguous, 
very short, why, erect, covered with minute brown pubescence. 
Fronds ligulate, 6-12 in. long, f-f in. broad at the middle, sub- 
coriaceous, glabrous, narrowed gradually to both ends, the edge 
furnished with broad shallow rounded lobes. Veins in a pinnate 
group opposite each lobe, the veinlets about three on a side, short, 
erecto-patent, arranged like those of a Goniopteris, but not joining 
at the tips. Sori copious, orbicular, superficial, placed a little 
below the tip of the side veinlets, so that there are several irregular 
rows between the midrib and edge. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
An interesting novelty, nearly allied only to the Andine P. tricho- 

sorum, Hook. 

481. P. cucullatuui, Nees. With the last. 

P.fuscatum, Blume. With the last. 

441 (168*). P. nutans, Blume Fil. Jav., t. 86a. Rhizome 
short-creeping, clothed with dense linear ciliated dark brown 
scales. Stipes nearly tufted, 2-3 in. long, minutely pubescent. 
Fronds lanceolate, 8-12 in. long, l-li in. broad at the middle, 
narrowed gradually to both ends, moderately firm in texture, 
thinly pilose on both sides of the lamina, more densely so on the 
midrib, cut down to the rachis into very numerous adnate entire 
linear pinnae |-f lin. broad above the dilated base. Veins 8-10- 
jugate m the fully-developed pinnae, simple, erecto-patent. Sori 
orbicular, superficial, filling up the whole space between the midrib 
and margin. Mt. Singalan. Distinct from P. decorum, under 
which it is noticed in < Synopsis Filicuni,' by its ciliated linear 

paleae, longer stipe, pilose frond, more numerous pinnse, and super- 
ficial sori. 

P. obliqvatum, Blume. P. Schenhii, Harrington. Mt. Singalan, 
1700 metres. 

443. P. celebicum, Blume. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
P. verntcosum, Wall. Ayer Mancior. 
415. P. pemccefolium, Desv. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
P. adnuscens, Sw. Ayer Mancior. 

P. Lingua, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1000 metres. 

458(290 :: ). Polypodium (Niphobolus) asterosorum, Baker, u.sp. 
Kluzome slender, wide-trailing, epig^ous, clothed with large 
lanceolate pale reddish brown membranous scales. Stipes distant, 
naked, pale brown, 2-3 in. long. Fronds lanceolate, entire, 8-12 
in. long, f-1 m. broad above the middle, acute, narrowed gradually 
from the middle to the bane, coriaceous, glabrous on the upper 
surface, whitish beneath, matted with loose soft reddish brown 
stellate tomentum. Main veins very obscure, erecto-patent, about 






FEKNS OF WESTERN SUMATRA. 215 

J in. apart, enclosing copious minute areolae. Son large (about 
1 lin. diarn.), orbicular, superficial, densely pilose, in erecto-patent 
rows of 5 or 6 between the midrib and margin, filling up the whole 
of the upper part of the frond and mixed with copious soft brown 
stellate hairs.- Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. Allied to P. albicans 
and P. disiichocarpunu 

Poly podium nipestre, Blume. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
P. longifolium, Mett. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 

445 (297*). Polypodium (Phymatodes, torulosum, Baker, n. sp. 
Ehizome slender, epigieous, wide-trailing, densely clothed with 
linear acuminate ciliated reddish-brown palese. Fronds very 
dimorphous; sterile ones on stiffly-erect naked stipes 1-1| in. long ; 
lamina simple, oblong or linear-oblong, entire, obtuse, 1-2^ in. 
long, 6-9 lin. broad at the middle, cuneate at the base, rigidly 
coriaceous, quite glabrous, the veins immersed and obscure, the 
main ones erecto-patent, enclosing copious small irregular areola. 
Fertile fronds on much larger stipes (4-5 in. long), the lamina 
4-6 in. long, reduced to a mere midrib, from which the large 
round- oblong sori bulge out at intervals on each side. Mt. Singalan, 
1700 metres. Allied only to P. hammatosorvm, Harrington, from 
the Philippine Islands. 

(304*). Polypodium (PhYxMATodes) subsparsum, Baker, n. sp. 
Ehizome slender, wide-climbing, epigasous, firm, fiexuose, thinly 
clothed with small adpressed bright brown lanceolate palese. Stipes 
distant, stiffly erect, naked, 1-3 in. long. Lamina linear, entire, 
rigidly coriaceous, quite naked on both sides, 3-6 hi. long, |-f in. 
broad below the middle, narrowed gradually to both ends. Veins 
immersed, obscure, the main ones erecto-patent, enclosing copious 
small irregular areolae. Sori superficial, large, orbicular, crowded 
in the narrowed upper half of the frond, not in regular rows. 
Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. Midway between P. lineare and 

P. rostratuin. 

461. P. normale, D. Don., var. sumatranwn, Baker. Sori 
copious and scattered, as in var. P. lowjifrons, Wall., but the frond 
firmer in texture, the lamina shorter and broader (8-10 in. long, 
15-18 lin. broad), the base more suddenly cuneate, and the stipe 
longer (4-5 in.) Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

446 (333-). Poh/podivm {Pleuridium) costulatiun, Baker ; 
AcrosHchum costulatum, Cesati, Fil. Becc. Polyn., 8.^ Ehizome 
wide-creeping, slender, epigreous, densely clothed with erecto- 
Patent linear brownish or bleached paleae. Fronds very dimorphous, 
jlie sterile ones on slender distant naked stiffly-erect stipes 1-3 m. 
loi *g. Lamina ovate-oblong, obtuse, entire, glabrous, rigidly 
coriaceous, 1-2$ in. long, the base deltoid. Main veins erecto- 
Patent, distinct and straight to the edge, £-£ in. apart, enclosing 
copious small irregular areola*. Fertile fronds on much longer 



tli 



_. k-i 

e large crowded orbicular superficial son occupying its whole 
under surface. Mt, Singftl&n, 1700 metres. A very distinct plant, 
°J which Dr. Beccari previously gathered a single specimen in New 
Guinea in his expedition of 1875. 



216 FERNS OF WESTERN SUMATRA. 

i 

P, nttmmularifoUum, Mett. Ayer Mancior. 

459. P. Diptetis, Blume. Mt. Singalan, 2500 metres. 

576. P. nvjrexcens, Blume. Ayer Mancior. 

581. P. albosquamatum, Blume. With the two last. 

577. P. a-ffine, Blume. With the two last. 

(355*). Polypodium (Phymatodes) quinquefidum, Baker, n. sp. 
Rhizome woody, flexuose, ±-± in. diam., clothed with bright brown 
linear scales. Stipes distant, naked, stiffly erect, pale brown, 
5-10 in. long. Lamina deltoid, 6-8 in. long, 9-10 in. broad, 
exactly similar to P. trifidum in texture, cut down nearly or quite 
to the midrib into 5-7 lanceolate acuminate pinnae, 4-6 in. long, 

*-t " -- - 



Main veins 
raised, erecto-patent, distinct and straight to the edge, £-| in. 
apart, enclosing copious small hexagonal areolae. Sori large, 
orbicular, superficial, one between each main vein, medial in 
the lower part of the pinna), nearer the margin than the midrib in 
the upper part. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. Very near the 
Himalayan and Ceylonese P. trifidum, 1). Don., from which it 
differs mainly in the position of the line of sori. 

468 (372*). Polypodium (Phymatodes) macrochasmum, Baker, 
n. sp. Ehizome woody, epigaeous, wide-creeping, J in. diam., 
densely clothed with small linear bright brown pale®. Stipes 
distant, naked, pale brown, stiffly erect, 4-8 in. long. Lamina 
deltoid, 8-10 in. long and broad, coriaceous, glabrous, cut down 
nearly to the rachis into 9-17 lanceolate acuminate pinnfe, \-\ in. 
broad, with a thickened obscurely crenulate margin. Main veins 
raised, erecto-patent, distinct and straight to the edge, ±-£ in. 
apart. Son one between each main vein, orbicular, deeply sunk 
in a pit, forming a single row nearer the midrib than the 
margin, and making the upper surface of the frond strongly 
verrucose. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. Allied to P. lowpswmim 

and P. sculpturatum. 

585. Antrophyum I ati folium, Blume. Ayer Mancior. 
A.jlantartineum, Kaulf. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

Too }* tana ehj, "J a ta, Sw. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
423, 460. Gymn<Mjrammejav,mica, Blume. Mt. Singalan, 1700 
metres. ° 

430. G. Totta, Schlecht. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

4o4. (r. mraluta, Hook. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

463. G. macruphyUa, Hook. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

oyb. G. quinata, Hook. Ayer Mancior. 

592. G. heteroctnpa, Blume. Ayer Mancior. 

Acrosttchum caUafotium, Blume. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

6B7. A. appendiculutum, Willd. Ayer Mancior. 

A. ituritum, Sw. 

, I. flageUtfarum, "Wall. Aver Mancior. 

414. A kcuspe, Hook. Mt. Singalan, 17(H) metres. 

41J. A. sulcatum, L. Ayer Mancior and Mt. Singalan. 

588. I. dnjnuriuUles, Hook. Ayer Mancior. 

465. nswiuKlajacanica, Blume. Ayer Mancior and Mt. Singalan, 

1700 metres. 



SHORT NOTES. 217 

Kaulfimia mcuUfolia, Blume. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres, and 
Suiigei bulu, at sea -level. 

Ophioglossum pendulum, L. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
594. Psilotum complonatum, Sw. Ayer Mancior, 360 metres. 
Lycopodium carinatum, Desv. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
444. L. serration, Tlmnb. Mt. Singalan, 1800 metres. 
479. L. squamosum, Forst. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

475. L. miniatum, Spring. Mt. Singalan, 2000 metres. 

474, 477. L. phylhcarpum, H. k G. Mt. Singalan, 1700-1800 
metres. 

467. L. Phleijmaria, L. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
472. L. complanatum , L. Mt. Singalan, 2500 metres. 
478. L. davatum, L. Mt. Singalan, 2800 metres. 

476. L. voluhile, Forst. Mt. Singalan, 2500 metres. 

574. Selaginella caulescent, Spring. Ayer Mancior. A large 
variety, like Cuming, 1998. 

579. S. ftabellata, Spring. Ayer Mancior. 

569. 8. inaquali folia, Spring. Ayer Mancior. 

578. S. Lohbii, Moore. Ayer Mancior. 

450. S. monospora, Spring. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 

485. S. radicate, Spring. With the last. 

S. Beccariana, Baker, n. sp. Stems slender, trailing, | ft. 
long, forked and copiously pinnate, rounded on the back, sulcate 
upwards on the face. Leaves of the lower plane spaced on the 
main stem, rather ascending, oblique ovate, acute, dark green, 
i-i in. long, moderately firm in texture, much more produced on 
the upper side of the midrib, broadly rounded, shortly ciliated and 
a little imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base ; 
leaves of the upper plane very much ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 
acute. Spikes platystachyoid, resupinate, *-$ in. long, 1 lin. 
Aiam. ; bracts dimorphic, those of the upper plane ovate -navicular, 
erecto-patent, dark green, of the lower plane smaller, ascending, 
broad ovate cuspidate, strongly keeled. Mt. Singalan, 1700 metres. 
Habit and texture of S. radicata, Spring., from which it differs by 
its platystachyoid spike and dimorphic bracts. 



SHOET NOTES. 



Botanical Nomenclature. — M. Alphonse DeCandolle in a 
recent letter to Mr. B. Daydon Jackson, makes the following 
remarks in reference to his article on Botanical Bibliography 
published in our List number. By the courtesy of Mr. Jackson we 
^e enabled to place them before our readers : 



Journal of Botany,' 

sera bien 



, "• • • . L'artiole Bibliographie, du ' Journal o 
* a beaucoup interest. La publication de votre Guide 
utile, d'autant plus que, selon votre remarque, la seconde edition 
«e Pritzel a des defauts assez nombreux. Vous poser des regies 
VU me seniblant tres bonnes sur le cboix des ouvrages a citer, 

orthographic des noms, etc. 



218 SHORT NOTES. 

"Toute reflexion faite, je crois bien, avec vous, qu'il faut 
supprimer les de, von, van, etc., commes initiales des noins, meme 
lorsque les auteurs ont ecrit, De, Von, etc., suivant un usage qui 
etait assez repandu autrefois et s'est conserve dans quelqius 
localites. Je ne ferais pas non plus attention au droit que pouvaient 
avoir certains auteurs de se faire considerer comme gentilhommes 
en isolant la particule. Je sais, par exemple, que l'amiral D'Urville 
se nommait Durville, avant d'etre devenu un personnage, comme 
la famille illustre des Jussieu provenait d'un pharmacien de Lyon, 
Dejussieu, qui n'avait aucune pretention a la noblesse. Dans les 
noms italiens comme De Notaris, ou bollandais comme Van Hall, 
je crois que la particule n'entraine pas, comme en France et en 
Allemagne, l'idee d'une distinction nobiliaire, mais on ne peut pas 



entrer dans des questions de ce genre. Elles donneraient lieu a 
trop de diffieultes et de contestations. 

Quelques botanistes ont ajoute a leur nom un autre nom, de 



fantaisie, par exemple : 



"Brisseau s'est affuble du nom de Mirbel : 
Proveniat ,, , % St. Hilaire : 



j? >> 



Palisot ,, ,, de Beauvois : 

Nees ,, ,, d'Esenbeck. 



JJ 5> 






44 Si je redigeais une bibliographie , je crois que je mettrais les 
ouvrages sous le nom primitif et real, sauf a mentionner ailleurs 
un renvoi : Mirbel, voyez Brisseau. 

" En fran9ais le nom de St. Hilaire est ordinairement une 
addition irreguliere a un nom d'apparence insignifiante, car : 

11 Geoffroy St. Hilaire s'appelait legalement Geofiroy: 
Jaume St. Hilaire „ ,, Jaume. 

44 Si quelque famille St. Hilaire avait eu des raisons pour 
reclamer, ces messieurs auraient ete condamnes par les tribunaux 
franjjais a ne plus s'intituler St. Hilaire. Les lois sont strictes a 
cet egard, seulement il faut quon reclame " 



Leucobryum glaucum in fruit (ante, p. 185). — In a collection 
of mosses made by the late Kev. C. A. Johns, and now in my 
possession, there are specimens of Leucobryum ylaucum in fruit, 
labelled 44 Crifl'el, Kirkcudbrightshire, July 15, 1840. W. Gardiner." 
I have very fine specimens in fruit, collected at Bramshill Park, 
Hants (which is, I presume, the locality referred to by Mr. Howse), 
and I am almost sure I once saw it in fruit near Bolton, in the 
New Forest.— F. I. Warner. 

The following is a list of the specimens of Leucobryxm (jlauciun, 
bearing fruit, in the British Museum Herbarium :— Devonshire, 
Borrer, 1837. Near Exeter, Parfitt, 1855. Chailey Common, 
Sussex, Mitten (no date). Scotland, Dr. "Taylor (no date). 
Clova, Eobert Brown (no date). Specimen m Dickson's Hort. 
Sice. Brit. Ulpha Moss, Cumberland, 1867. Near Loch Kinder, 
Kirkcudbrightshire, Herb. Gardiner, 1840. Criffel, Kirkcudbright- 
shire, in Herb. Wilson, 1840, and Cruickshank, 1856. Bramshill 
Park, Hants, E. S. Hill, 1861, 62, '63. The last two localities 



NOTICES OP BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. . 219 



are the same as those mentioned by Mr. Warner. — George 
Murray. 



A Fibre-yielding Curculigo. — The Kew Museum is indebted to 
Mr. F. W. Burbidge for a very complete series of specimens illus- 
trating the manufacture of cloth in Borneo from a species of 
CurcuUgo, which has been identified by Mr. Baker with ( '. latifoUa, 
Dryand. The Dusan in N. W. Borneo, near Kina Balu, prepare 
the fibre by macerating and beating the leaves. The fibre is 
woven into a very close cloth about ten inches wide in a loom of 
very simple construction, such as is used in Brittany for weaving 
saddle-girths. A heavy wooden sword is used for driving close 
the woof after it is thrown by the shuttle between the threads of 
the warp. The strong fibrous leaves of I kareuUgo teychdUnm are 
emploved in the Seychelles for wrapping plugs of tobacco (Baker, 
'Flora of Mauritius,' &c, p. 3G8), and this is apparently the only 
other known instance of the economic use of a Hypoxidaceous 
plant.— W. T. Thiselton Dver. 



Extracts autr Notices of t&oofts & ftemoix*. 



OFFICIAL REPORT FOR L879 OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY 

IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 

By W. Carruthers, F.R.S. 

The work of incorporating plants in the General and British 
Herbaria has been actively carried on during the past year, in 
its progress the following Natural Orders have been greatly 
increased, and more or less completely re-arranged : —Lee/urnwo$a, 

Araliweat, DipsacacM, Styracea, OUtUM, LoganiaCMB, Gentianacea, 

PoUmoniacea, Bydroleaeea, Boragvua, Labiate, Gesneracea, txroph- 
uktriaceai, Nyctagin*a, I'hytolarcacea, LiUacM, Commtmac**, tihees, 
Fungi, and Alga. ,. , . , 

The following collections have been either entirely or in pait 
incorporated in the General Herbarium :— Plants collected in the 
Transvaal by the Rev. W. Greenstock ; in the Malayan Archipelago, 
% Lobb; in Borneo, by Burbidge; in the Samoan Is ands, by t^ 
Rev. S. J. Whitmee; in Australia, by the Baron Mueller; m New 
Zealand, by Dr. Ber^gren; in the Southern United States, bj 
Rugel ; in Mexico, bj Botteri, Salle, Ghiesbreght and others; in 
Costa Rica, by Polakowsky ; in Surinam, by Berthoud-Coulon in 
Bolivia, by Bridges ; and in Uruguay, by Lorentz Numerous 
collections by various botanists have been incorporated belonging 
^ the following Natural Orders :—Jtoace*, Babtacea, Composite, 
SoUmacm, Boraginm, Piper ace*, Anddea, Commelinaeea, Igperacea, 

Qfmmea, Alqa, and Fwigi. , . .. , mMM 

. The principal addition to the Department during the past jear 
»s the extensive Herbarium of the late John Micrs, *.R.fc>., &c, 



220 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS, 

the distinguished botanist, which he bequeathed to the Trustees. 
It contains the types of the species described in his numerous 
systematic works and memoirs, as far as they were in his own 
possession, together with an extensive series of South American 
plants from various collectors, and many valuable collections from 
other regions of the world. Besides the plants, Mr. John W. Miers 
has presented to the Department the large series of original 



drawings made by his father from the living plants in South 
America, and from dissections of plants in later years. 

There have been added to the Herbarium a valuable series of 
Indian Plants, consisting of 951 species, presented by C. B. Clarke, 
Esq., and 260 species of plants from Borneo, collected by Mr. 
Burbidge, and presented by Messrs. H. and A. Veitch. In addition 
to these a valuable collection made on the Sierra Nevada, New 
Grenada, by Mr. F. A. A. Simons, has been acquired ; also a 
collection from New Zealand, made by Dr. Berggren ; from Syria, 
by Dr. Post ; and from Java, by Mr. H. 0. Forbes. The Fern 
herbarium of the late Edward Newman, consisting of 514 species 
of Ferns, was presented to the Trustees by his son, T. P. Newman, 
Esq. A collection of the Mosses of the Cape of Good Hope, made 
and named by Dr. Behmann, has been purchased, and a small 
series of 29 species of Mosses, collected by the naturalists in the 
Arctic Expedition, has been received. A collection of Lichens 
from Central France, formed and named by Dr. Nylander, has 
been acquired. A small collection of unicellular Alga), made by 
W. Simpson, Esq., in Afghanistan, has been presented by that 
gentleman. Other Algas have been received from Dr. Babenhorst, 
and from the Government Expedition to Kerguelen's Land. 
Collections of Fungi have been obtained from Oudemans, formed 
in the Netherlands ; Saccardo, formed in Northern Italy; Baben- 
horst, formed chiefly in Germany ; and Bavenal, formed in the 
United States. 

In the British Herbarium there have been added during the 
year 78 species from Mrs. Fry, and several rare and critical 
flowering plants from J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, Esq., Messrs. H. and 
J. Groves, and others, together with critical species of Fungi from 
0. E. Broome, Esq., and a coUection of Sphamace®, by Mr. 
Plownght An interesting series of microscopical preparations of 
British Cellular Cryptogams, formed by Mr. W. Joshua, has been 
acquired. 

t\ * he , series of woods has been added a collection from 
Cordoba and Tucuman, accompanied with the foliage and flowers 
of the trees from which the specimens were taken. 

lo the collection of vegetable structures in spirits have been 
added specimens of the flower-panicles of Aloe dichotoma and Aloe 

i' f '" fr J m . South Africa > Presented by Boland Trimen, Esq. ; 
ana oi the fruit of SeyphocMamy* revoMa, from Bodriguez. 

1 he collection of drawings and engravings of plants has been 

largely increased during the year by the further incorporation of 

}' ; ™f „ and . eu S™ vl »gs previously acquired, and by the purchase 

oi 8772 further drawings and engravings. The number of visits 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 221 

paid during the year to the Herbarium, for scientific inquiry and 
research, was 1008. The following foreign botanists may be 
specified as having used the Herbarium in connection with their 
investigations — M. C. DeCandolle, of Geneva ; M. Cogniaux, of 
Brussels ; Dr. Berggren and Mr. Nathorst, of Stockholm ; Dr. 
Hildebrandt, the African Explorer; and Baron Ettingshausen, of 
Gratz. Of British botanists the following may be specified: 
Mr. W. P. Hiern, Mr. C. B. Clarke, Mr. J. G. Baker, Mr. A. W. 
Bennett, Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, Mr. A. G. More, Mr. C. P. 
Hobkirk, Mr. B. D. Jackson, Dr. Braithwaite, Mr. S. le M. Moore, 
Mr. R. V. Tellam, Mr. E. M. Holmes, Rev. W. W. Newbould, the 
Messrs. Groves, the Rev. J. M. Crombie, Mr. Howse, Mr. Boulger, 
and Mr. Joshua. 



Ueber eiwn neuen pathogenen Bacilltis. Mit 1 Taf. (Virchow's 

Archiv. f. pathol. Anat. u Physiol, u. f. Klin. Med. Bd. Ixxvii. 
Heft. 1, p. 29 ff.) By C. J. E berth. 

This Bacillus was found in a badger, belonging to a zoological 
garden, which died after a few days' illness, showing no other 
symptoms than decrease of appetite and weakness. An examination 
was made half-an-hour after death, and the cause of death was 
attributed to a mycosis which, though general, was chiefly 
developed in the liver, to which also the parenchyme affections 
were confined. This was regarded as caused by the parasite. 
After the liver had been hardened in small pieces in alcohol, 
numerous rod bacteria were seen in sections (cleared with acetic 
acid) of the periphery of the small abscesses among pus-corpuscles. 
These were more clearly visible in hamiatoxyline preparations 
or in sections which had been coloured with methyl violet. 
Sections of the blood capillaries were completely filled with 
them in series parallel or slightly inclined to the axis of the 
capillary. In many places the walls of the vessels appeared to be 
destroyed. The Bacilli formed cylindrical rods of . mostly one, 
seldom two, branches, which were only a little longer than the 
diameter of the red blood corpuscles and the contents of which 
were a homogeneous dull-shining substance. On treatment with 
a diluted solution of iodine or of Bismarck brown there appeared 
in many of them dirty-brown granules which after farther at 
of iodine assumed a light brown colour, shading into violet, 
granule had about the same diameter as the transverse sections of 
the rods. Whether these granules were spores or not the author 
does not venture to say. This Bacillus is distinguished from that 
of the splenic fever by greater breadth and length. From a great 
number of measurements it was found that the average length of 
the Bacilli of B. anthracis (splenic fever) was five micromillimetres, 
while those found in the badger averaged six. The rods o the 
former terminate abruptly, while those of the latter are rounded off. 
Further, the Bacilli of the badger appear to actively excite 
inflammation, which cannot be affirmed of B. anthracu. 

(t. M. 



Each 



222 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS, 

F. von Thumen describes (Verhandl. der k, k. Zool.-bot. Ges. 
in Wien, xxix., p. 523-524) two new leaf-inhabiting Ascomycetes 
(found within the range of the Flora of Vienna) ; one is a new 
species of Ascomyees (A. alutaceus) which grow on the leaves of 
Quercus msedanu, Vukot, at Kamrnerstein. The other is a new 
species of Sphmrotheca (S. Xieslii), the perithecia of which appear 
singly (i.e., never in clusters) but numerously on the leaves of 
Sorbus aria in the park of the Jesuits' College at Kalksburg and at 
Leopoldsberg. 



Ry.sslands, Finland* oek den Skandinaviska Halfons HatUrampar. 

Part I. — SHfsvampar [Hymenomycetes.] By P. A. Karsten. 

This first part contains the Agaricini of Kussia, Finland, and 
Scandinavia. The author recognises eighty genera of Agaricini, 
which are composed chiefly of a part of Fries' subgenera of 
Agariem elevated into genera, and of several other genera new or 
described elsewhere. Notably among them are : — Amanitopsis, 
Eoz., Cortinellus, Roz., Panellm, Karst., Scytinotus, Karst., Lepto- 
glossum, Karst., Leptotus, Karst., Lentinellus, Karst., Hemicybe, 
Karst., Hozites, Karst., Gymnopilus, Karst., Gymnocybe, Karst., 
Phialocybe, Karst., Symocybe, Karst., Galerula, Karst., Roiunegueria, 
Karst., Ryartites, Karst., Namatoloma, Karst., Pannucia, Karst., 
Deconica, W. G. Sm., Anellaria, Karst., Chalymmota, Karst., 
Onochopus, Karst., Psellioptora, Karst., and Coprinellus, Karst. 
Some good might have been done if this energy in adding new 
genera to the confusion in the Agaricini had been directed to 
"sinking" the numerous species of that group established on 
frivolous grounds. G. M. 



Dr. Lange has issued the fiftieth fascicle of the ' Flora Danica.' 
It contains figures and descriptions of the following new species : 

Calamagrostis hyperborea, Potentilla Ranunculus, P. Friesiana, and 
( arex TJrejeriana — all of Lange. 

The indefatigable Baron F. von Mueller has issued an ■ Index 
Perfectus ad Caroli Linnsei Species Plantarum/ which is worthy of 
its name, and is both interesting and useful. 

In the ' SUzber. der k. k. Zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien.,' xxix., p. 52, 
F. von Thumen describes a prehistoric Polyporus from the lake- 
dwellings at Laibach. The structure of the pores, the form and 
A* «** »»j «.„ .1—* 1 - i . hid, point to the 

- .„ , ...._, Fr., or some 

nearlv-allied form. 



the size, and the almost completely preserved rii 
high probability that it is Poly/aws fomentarius, 



Other New Books.— M. Wii.lkomm & J. Lanoe, ■ Prodronms 

Flora Hispanic®/ vol. iii., pt. 4. Stuttgard, E. Koch. — H. 
Kosbach, ' Flora von Trier.' Trier, E. Groppe. — F. Haslingeb, 
• Botanisches Excnrsionsbuch tax den Briinner Kreis.' Brunn, 
Buschak. — C. Baknitz, • Huudbuch der Botanik.' Berlin, A. 
Stubenrauch (4 marks).— J. Lanue, ' Flora Dauicw Iconnm,' &*>• 



BOTANICAL NEWS. 223 

50. — J. D. Hooker, ' Flora of British India,' part. vii. [Cornacea — 
Rubiacece). L. Reeves & Co. (10s. 6d.) — F. von Mueller, 'Index 
Perfectus ad C. Linnaei Species Plantarum.' Melbourne. — J. 
Britten & B. Holland, ' Dictionary of English Plant-names,' pt. ii. 
(G — 0), English Dialect Society. Triibner. — B. Braithwaite, 
' The British Moss-Flora,' Fani. I. (AndreaaceasJ. 



Articles in Journals. 

May. 

Flora. — J. Freyn, ' Contributions to the knowledge of some spe- 
cies of Ranunculus.' — Dr. A. Minks, ' Morphological -lichenographical 
studies ' (contd.) — Dr. L. Just, ' An answer to Dr. Nuesch.' 

Magyar Novent. Lapok. — F. L. Holuby, ' Mycological notes,' v. 
•V. Cesati, ' Short note on Fenzl's Biography.' 

Hedwigia. — Bobert Woolny, ' Ou the fructification of Chatopteris 
plumosa' (tt. i.-iii.). — Hansen, 'On Saccharomyces apiculatus.' 
Warnstorff, ' Excursions in the Lower Harz ' (contd.) 

Botanische Zeitung. — E. Stahl, « On the influence of direction 
and intensity of light on several phenomena of motion in the 
Vegetable Kingdom.' — A. Blytt, ' Clastoderma de Baryanum' (nov. 



gen. Myxomycetum). 

Botaniska Xotise r .— E . V. Ekstraud, 'Bemarkson Scandinavian 
Hepatic®' (contd.)— A. P. Winslow, 'Gothenburg Salix and Rosa 
Flora.'— J. E. Areschoug, * Description of a new Alga belonging to 
the Laminariea' (Oxyglossum japonicu>»).—2. W. Strandmark, 'Esti- 
vation of Empetrum nigrum.' — B. Wallengren, ' New Scandinavian 
localities.' 

GreviUea (June). — M. C. Cooke, ' British Desmids.' — Id., 
' Observations on Pezm,' — J. B. Ellis, ' Reply to Dr. Cooke's 
criticism of paper on " Variability of Sphmria quercnum, S. Z. 
(with note to above by Dr. Cooke).— M. C. Cooke, ' On Hymenochaie 
and its allies.' — C. Kalchbrenner, ' Fungi of Australia.' — W. 
Phillips, ' Dacrymyccs succineus, Fr., the early stage of a 2 m*a. 



Botanical Nctos. 



• Silliman's Journal' (June, 1880) contains an obituary notice 
of Charles Christopher Frost, the oldest cryptogamic botanist m 
the United States, who died at Brattleboro', \ermont on 16th 
March, 1880. He was born in the same town on 11th November, 
1805, and lived there throughout his life. He educated himself in 
Latin, French, and German, in order to pursue his scientrnc 
studies in those languages. He collected natural objects generally, 
but especially Fungi ( of which he has published numerous species). 
His most important contribution to Science is a list of the Mosses, 
Liverworts, Charas, and Fungi in the ' Catalogue of Plants growing 



224 BOTANICAL NEWS, 



within thirty miles of Amherst/ published by Prof. Eel. Tuckerman 
and himself in 1875. 



DWARD 



on the Flora of Lord Howe Island,' died at Sydney on the 17th 
March, at the age of sixty-one years. 

We regret to announce the death of Thomas Atthey, A.L.S., 
which occurred at Gosforth on the 14th April. He investigated 
especially the Diatomacea, of which he discovered several new 
species, published in the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History/ 

The well-known traveller and plant-collector, Franz Klaboch, 
died last February in Mexico. 

Mr. W. T. T. Dyer, of Kew, has been elected a Fellow of the 
Royal Society. 

Mr. R. A. Rolfe has been appointed Junior Assistant in the 
Kew Herbarium— he being the successful candidate in the public 
competition for that post. 

Mr. John Scott, latterly head of the Herbarium Department of 
the Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, has recently died at Garwald, East 
Lothian, aged forty-two years. Mr. Scott received his early 
training, under the late Mr. Macnab, in the Royal Botanic 
Garden, Edinburgh. His contributions to the ' Transactions of 
the Edinburgh Botanic Society' and the ' Journal of the Linnean 
Society ' attracted the notice of Mr. Darwin, for whom he carried 
out various experiments. Having received his Indian appointment, 
Mr Scott, in the course of his duties, went to Darjeeling, to report 
on the opium poppy disease. Soon after, he contracted the disease 
of the spleen, of which he died. He has left a quantity of 
interesting MSS. Among his more recent contributions to science 
is a paper entitled, "Notes on the Tree Ferns of British Sikkim, 
with descriptions of three new species, and a few supplemental 
remarks on their relations to Palms and Cycads," and published in 
the . Transactions of the Linnean Society,' vol. xxx., part I. 

Lady Wilkinson and Mr. Cabruthers are engaged in editing a 
series of illustrations of the ' Desert Plants of Egypt,' which will 
consist of reproductions of the drawings made by Sir Gardner 
Wilkinson during the years from 1823 to 1830, which he spent in 
surveying and mapping the desert regions of Upper and Lower 
•agypt. Lady Wilkinson is collecting all the plant-references 
which occur in his MSS., with the view of placing on record these 
valuable observations. The plants which Sir Gardner Wilkinson 

nvit°, I i ?"¥ hlS ex l )lorat ions in the Egyptian deserts, were 
presented by him to the British Museum, and are now in the 
nerbanum of that institution. From these and from the drawings, 
Mi. Carruther.s will prepare descriptions of the plants which will 
give a scientific value to the publication. The plates will amount 
io lorty, each containing several subjects accurately reproduced on 
°"- n by *£, D - Blair ' F - L -S-> and coloured after the original 

*T? gS ' , ™" Slze of &* work will be royal quarto, and the 
pi ice to subscribers MS 8s. 



Tab. 21 2 




1 . Petaiidnxm Yfe]wits'cliii,S..Mbore. 2 .PpKvsaloides. S.Moore. 



J.Nugtnb FtixJv, deTet ItiK. 






■fcstN***"*"- 



kCo.i 



225 



Original &vttdris. 



ENUMEEATIO ACANTHACEAEUM HEBBABH 

WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 

Auctore S. Le M. Moore. 

(Continued from p. 109). 

Petalidium, Nees. 

P. physaloides (sp. nov.) — Erecta, caule tereti puberulo demum 
glabro eortice pallido cincto, foliis petiolatis ovatis leviter acumi- 
nata junioribus flavide toinentosis adultis fere glabris, ramuli 
fertilibus elongatis sterilibus subsimilibus simplieibus, floribus 
solitariis brevissime pedunculatis, bracteis ovatis acutis cavis 
tomentellis viride nervosis, calycis segmentis duobus connatis, 
corollae tubo recto bracteas tegre excedente sub limbo vix ampliato, 
filamentis ad fauccm per paria unilateraliter insertis basi crassis 
pilosulis antberismueronulatis, capsida ovoidea acutata 2?-sperma. 

Hab. Distr. Mossamedes in dumetis montium inter Poniangala 
et Quitive frequens. (No. 5000.) 

Folia adulta circiter 4-0 cm. long, et fere 2-5 cm. lat., petiolus 
1'0 cm. long., pubescens; folia ramulorum fertilium sparsa ex 
axillis foliorum majorum ortis oblanceolata circiter 1*0 cm. longa ; 
ea vero basin versus majora. Bracte^e 1-2 cm. long., elegantissiinse. 
Flores aurantiaco-coccinei. Corollae limbus circiter 0-8 cm. diam., 
lobi ovati, obtusi, antico paullo majore, pilis longis debiliter spar- 
sissime notati. Capsula 0-8 cm. long. 

P. coccineum (sp. nov.) — Caule subtereti robusto albido glan- 
duloso-pubescente, foliis petiolatis cordato-ovatis vel basi late trun- 
catis cuspidulatis utrinque glanduloso-pubescentibus ramulorum 
fertilium iis subsimilibus sed minoribus, floribus ad apicem 
ramulorum simplicium fertilium in axillis foliorum majorum 
Positorum et quam ea breviorum solitariis (an semper ?) magnis, 
bracteis foliis ramulorum consimilibus viridibus, calycis pubescentis 
lQ bis anticis fere ad medium connatis lateralibus minoribus 
a cuminatis lacinia postica lineari-lanceolata anticis subsimili, 
porolte tubo juxta medium curvato superne gradatim ampliato 
ibidemque puberulo limbo perspicue bilabiato lol 3 magnis oblongo- 
°vatis obtusis, antherarum sub-exsertarum loculis elongatis basi 
^ticis, capsula ignota. 

■Hab. In frutieetis ad collas mica-schistosas prope Pomangala 
Wpra flum. Maiombo distr. Mossamedes. (Nos. 5017, 5018.) 

opeciei sequenti sat similis sed ob folia vere cordata, flows 
f^jores, calycem disparem necnon antheras muticas ea baud 
Agenda. 

N - s. vol. 9. [August, 1880.] 2 a 



226 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM 

Fruticulus ramosus decumbenti-ascendens. Caiilis 0*3 cm. 
crassus, denium glaber. Folia intense viridia ad 5*0 cm. long, et 
4-3 cm. lat. ; petiolus 1-5-2-3 cm. long, glanduloso-pubescens. 
Ramuli fertiles circiter 3-0 cm. long., glanduloso-pubescentes: 
folia eorum (petiolo excluso) vix 2-0 cm. longitudine. Bracteae 
2-2 cm. long., basi angustatae apice acutae. Corollae coccineae tubus 
27 cm. long., sub limbo 0-8 cm. lat., lobi ejus 1*1 cm. long. 

P. glandulosum (sp. nov.) — Caule ascendente tereti glanduloso- 
pubescente aetate cinereo glabro, ramulis fertilibus in axillis 
foliorum majorum positis usque brevioribus parum ac patente 
ramosis glanduloso-pubescentibus, foliis ovatis obtusis glanduloso- 
pubescentibus e basi lata in petiolum quam lamina breviorem 
decurrentibus ramulorum fertilium lanceolatis obtusiusculis,floribus 
solitariis (an semper ?), bracteis ovato-lanceolatis viridibus pro 
genere parum venosis glanduloso-pubescentibus, calycis puberuli 
laciniis anticis alte cormatis subito acuminatis, corollae tubo 
paullo curvato sat angusto superne vix ampliato ibidemque 
puberulo bracteas circiter duplo superante limbi lobis anticis alte 
connatis omnibus oblongis plus minus emarginatis, antheris 
mucronulatis, capsula baud visa. 

Hab. Distr. Benguella sine loci indicatione. (No. 5047.) 
Foliorum lamina circiter 2*5 cm. long. ; petioli 1*0 cm. (vel 
minus) longitudine, glanduloso-pubescentes. Bracteae 1-75-2-0 cm. 
long. Calycis laciniae anticae posticaeque 0-6 cm. long., laterales 
parum breviores. Corollae tubus sub limbo vix 0-5 cm. lat. Stylus 
inferne pilosiusculus ; stigmatis lobi equales. 

P. rupestre (sp. nov.) — Caule crasso parum flexuoso glabro, 
ramulis fertilibus primariis foliis subaequilongis pubescentibus, 
foliis firmis late cordato- ovatis acutis glanduloso-puberulis breviter 
petiolatis ramulorum fertilium longissime spathulatis sparsim 
setosis, floribus glomeratis, bracteis ovatis obtusis dorso earinulatis 
membranaceis glanduloso-pubescentibus ac parte inferiorepnesertim 
setosis, calycis pubescentis lobis lanceolatis duo anticis alte con- 
natis, corollae tubo bracteas superante recto vix dilatato superne 
pubescente limbi fere aequalis lobis ovatis obtusis, antheris breviter 
ecbinatis, capsula suborbiculata longitudinaliter 2-sulcata glabra, 
seminibus quove in loculo solitariis. 

Hab. In distr. Mossamedes non infrequens ad rupes arenaceas 
rubras pr. Boca do Bio Bero. (No. 5022.) 

Fruticulus 2-3 pedalis. Caulis 0-3-0-4 cm. crassus, cinereus. 
Folia vix 20 cm. long., viridissima; petioli circiter a 2-0 cm. (vel 
minus). Ramuli fertiles sterilibus contigui ; folia eorum 1-5 cm. 
longitudine, superiors vero minora ; glomeruli 3-0 cm. long. Bracteae 
1-3-1-5 cm. long., leviter venosae. Flores ex albido-roseoli vel albi 
purpiueo striati. Corollae tubus 1-5 cm. long.; limbus 0*8 cm. 
diam. Capsula vix 0-6 cm. long., apice subito angustata. 

P. Ourrori, Btb. (PseudvbarUrvj , T. And.) nostrae proxima 
pecies distat foliis disparibus, bracteis lloribusque multo majoribus, 
vestitu, notisque aliis. 



HERBARII WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 227 

P. Welwitschii (sp. nov.) — Caule procumbente leviter flexuoso 
obscure tetragono pubeseente pallide flavido, ramulis sterilibus 
fertilibus oppositis eosque paullo excedentibus vel subaequantibus 
vel iis brevioribus quadrangularibus mox pubescentibus, foliis 
ovatis mucronulatis e basi leviter cordata in petiolum iis 
sequilongum abeuntibus albide vel subflavide toinentosis, ramulis 
fertilibus gracilibus piloso-liirtis folia parva linearia piloso-hirta 
ferentibus, glomerulis laxis, bracteis ovatis obtusiusculis villosis 
siccitate pallide-flavidis, calycis pubesceutis laciniis anticis alte 
connatis, corolla tubo fere recto bracteis paullo longiore mox 
ampliato, stamina 4 antheris mucronatis, capsula calyce inclusa 
ovoidea acutata, semine quaque in capsula unico majusculo. 

Hab. Distr. Mossamedes in rupest. montosis ad sinistrum 
flum. Maioinbo prope Pao sat frequens. (No. 5041.) 

Eanauli steriles usque ad 6*5 cm. long, sed plerumque breviores, 
folia eoruni ad 3*0 cm. et petioli fere ad 2-0 cm. long. Glomeruli 
ramulis erectis rigidiusculis coronati. Kamulorum fertilium folia ad 
0*8 cm. long., superiora vero multoties minora. Bracteaa 1-2 cm. 
long. carinulatse papyraceae reticulato-nervosae. Calycis lacinise 
sub fructu vix 0.8 cm., long, acutatae. Corolla caerulae tubus 1-2 cm. 
long., limbi lobi oblongi intus sed praesertim lobus anticus setis 
paucis reflexis minuti. Capsula 0*7 cm. long. 

P- Lepidagathis (sp. nov.) — Eamulis sterilibus e rhizomate 
crasso cortice subereo obducto ascendentibus fertiles longe 
excedentibus, foliis firmis lineari-lanceolatis lanceolatisve incurvo- 
mucronatis glabris petiolo laminam subaequante vel ea (interdum 
multoties) breviore ramulorum fertilium plerumque a sterilibus 
distantorum perbrevium validorum linearibus obtusis piloso-liirtis, 
glomerulis subspksericis vel cylindricis, bracteis oyato-oblongis 
acutis dorso carinatis fere glabris, calycis pubescentis segmentis 
duo alte connatis, coroll® tubo fere recto bracteis paullo longiore 
vix ampliato, staminum inclusorum antheris brevissime apiculatis 
vel muticis. 

Hab. Frequentis. ad rapes rubro-arenaceas prope ' Boca do 
Rio Bero' distr. Mossamedes, et ad Serra de Montes negros. 
(Nos. 5007, 5020.) 

Herba radice lignescente a basi ramosissima caubbus ramisque 
prostrato-ascendentibus apicem versus foliatis. Folia ramulorum 
sterilium petiolo incluso circiter 10-0 cm. long., siccitate viridia. 
Glomeruli ad 6-0 cm. lorn?., sed plerumque dimidio breviores. 
Folia ramulorum fertilium 1-0-1-5 cm. longitudme, angustissima. 
Bracteae circiter 1-1 cm. long., dorso eximie carinat® superne 
Plan®, parum venos®, decolores. Corollse punieese vel iulvo-rubne 
tubus angustus vix omiiino glaber ; lnnbus 0'7 cm. diam. Capsula 
°*5 cm. long., 2 -sperm a, glabra. 

P. loranthifolium (sp. nov.) — Caule leviter flexuoso glabro, 
ramulis fertilibus a sterilibus plerumque remotis ngidis tolns 
8ub»quilongis vel brevioribus apice subspinous, foliis petiolatis late 
°vatis obtusissimis basi plerumque truncate eamosulis ^ dims 
ngidis obscure venosis glabris ramulorum fertilium minimis 



228 



ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM 



oblanceolatis obtusis, bracteis parvis ovatis obtusis precipue basi 
pubescentibus eximie reticularis, calycis villosuli laciniis anticis 
omnino counatis lateralibus lineari-lanceolatis acutiusculis lacinia 
postica oblongo-ovata, corollaB parvse tubo recto basi subito 
paulloque amplificato sub limbo parum contracto ibidemque 
puberulo limbo bilabiato lobis oblongis obtusis extus puberulis, 
staminum subexsertorum filamentis basi incrassatis antheris 
aristatis, capsula calyce marcescente inclusa compressa glabra 
2-sperma. 

Hab. Inter S. Joao de Caroca et Cazimba distr. Mossamedes. 
(No. 4997.) 

Suffrutex multicaulis, prostratus. Eamuli fertiles crebre 
divaricati puberuli ; folia eorum circiter 0*5 cm. long., ramorum 
sterilmm ad circiter 3-0 cm. long, et 2*5 cm. lat. ; juniora 
albido-tomentosa mox glabra, ex sicco brunneo-viridia ac iis 
Loranthi alicujus simillima. Florain glomeruli ramulis coronati 
plerumque 2-3*0 cm. long. Bracteae 0*6 cm. long., sub fructu 
marcescentes. Calyx 0-5 cm. et corollae tubus 0-8 cm. long.'; 
liores punicei. Stigmatis lobi subsequales ; stylus glaber. Capsula 



0*6 cm. londtudine. 



Species Dub la 



No. 4998 specimen nimis imperfectum videtur esse liujus 
generis species nova ex affinitate P. rupestris ac 1\ (jlandulosi. 

Conspectus Petalidiorum Africanorum. 

j f Floras glomerati 5. 

\ Flores solitarii. , , . . k 2. 

iPiamuli fertiles abbreviati sterilibus dissimiles. 
4. 
Rarauli fertiles elongati sterilibus similes vel 
subsimiles a 



3. | *\ ol * a linearin > riores pedunculati. . 
* \ Folia ovata vel oblanceolata, flores subsessile 



4. - 



f Corolla tubus superne eximie ampliatus, 

autherae elongate basi muticae. 
Corollas tubus parum ampliatus. anther® parvse 
basi mucronulatse. 



IR.imuli fertiles quam maxime divaricati. . 7. 
Hamuli fertiles simplices vel parum divaricati. 

rCaulis hirtus, ram. fertilium folia oblanceolata, 
c bracteae plus quam 2 cm. long®. 

Caulis glaber, ram. fertilium folia spatlmlata, 
braetesc ad 1*5 cm. longae. 

(Ramuli fertiL s a sterilibus distantes vel iis 
7. -j contiguis 3 # 

(Hamuli fertiles sterilibus oppositis. , . 

B (Glomeruli folia ramulorum apices occulentia. . 
* { Glomeruli apicibus ramulorum coronati. . «). 

9, 1 ^°l ia a ^°-tomentosa 

' \ Folia ea Loranthi in rnentem revooantia. 



1. P. linifoliunu T. And. 

2. P. physaloides, nob. 

8. P. coccineum, nob. 
4. P. glandulosum, nob. 



5. P. Currori, Bth 

6. P. rupcstre, nob 



7. P. Welwitschu, nob. 

8. P. Lepidagathis, nob. 

9. P. halimoides, nob.* 
10. P. lorantMfolhmt***' 



* Hffljr est liarleria halimoides, Nees DC. Prod., vol. xi., p. 881, T. Anders, in 
Journ. Una. Soc, vol. vii., p. 38, 



HERBARH WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 229 



Phaylopsis, Willd. 

P. angolana (sp. nov.i — Caule tetragono puberulo pallido, foliis 
longe petiolatis ovatis utrinque angustatis basi paullo obliquis 
margine vix iutegris secus nervos leviter appresse strigoso-pilosis 
ceterum glabris, spicis ovatis sat brevibus crispe pilosis, bracteis 
late ovatis acutiusculis siccitate pallide viridibus, calycis lacinia 
postica oblonga obtusa ceteris linearibus, corollas mediooris limbo 
bilabiato, antlieris basi acutatis, capsula . 

Hab. Golungo Alto in duinetosis M. de Queta orient. (Catoinbe). 
(No. 5175.) 

Herba, caule radicante, flexuoso. Foliorum pagina ad 9-0 cm. 
long, et petioli ad 4-5 cm. long., puberuli. Spicse circiter 2*0 cm. 
longitudine. Calycis lacunae pilosulae. Corolla 0*8 cm. long., 
alba. 

Affinis P. longifolia, T. And. et P. Batten, T. And. sed foliis 
longius petiolatis, spicis omnino diversis, corolla minore inter alios 
characteres aliena. 

P. obliqua, T. And. MSS. in Herb. Kew. Caule quadrangulari 
levissime puberulo deinde glabro, ramulis piloso-pubescentibus vel 
puberulis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis e basi valde obliqua in petiolum 
puberulum lamina aequilongum vel breviorem abeuntibus margine 
breviter dentatis undulatisve pagina superiore pilis paucis strigosis 
appressis indutis inferiore fere omnino glabris, spicis brevissimis 
axillaribus vel foliis subdeficientibus floribus quasi in spieas 
elongatas pedunculatas dispositis, bracteis ovatis obtusis vix 
glabris viridibus firinis, calycis lacinia postica oblongo -lanceolate 
ceteris linearibus acutis omnibus liirsutulis, corolla minima lobis 
duo posticis altius comiatis, antlieris muticis, capsula parva in 

exemplariis nobis obviis 3-sperma. 

Hab. In distr. Golungo Alto in dumetis secundariis ad sylv. 

margines prope Rio Delamboa. (No. 5115.) 

Herba, caule ascendente, ramis distortis. Folia petiolo mcluso 
ad 8-0 cm. long., plerumque vero minora. Corolla (H cm. long., 

et capsula ei sequilonga. . . r . 

Speciebus ob omnibus plerisque notis cognoscenda, quippe folns 

basi obliquis, spicis brevissimis, floribus minimis. 

AYhitfieldia, Hook. 

W. longiflora. T. And. , . . , 

Hab. Pungo Andongo ct Golungo Alto in edit, nmbrosis ad 

cataractas Rio de Capopa non frequens ; Distr. Cazengo m sylvis 

Pnmit. de Muxaulo. (Nos. 5151, 5152, 5153.) . 

Frutex human* altitudinis. Flores calycesque splendide albi, 

* m 



speciosissimi. 



Blepharis, Jtiss. 



B. edulis, Pers. rar. foliis majus spinosis et floribus autberisque 
quam in tvpo majoribiis. _ ,. . „ , 

Hab. llarior in arenosis ad ostia fluni. Bero distr. Mossamedes. 
(No. 5019.) 

B. ucunthor ioides ! lvlotzscb. 



230 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM. 

Hab. In dumetis ad sylvarum oras de Monino distr. Huilla, 
et sat frequens in pascuis et pratis parcius graminosis imprimis ad 
rivul. ripas exiinie evoluta ad Rio de Catete distr. Pungo Andongo, 
necnon in collinis siccis ad sinistrum Eiv. Caringa distr. Ambaca. 
(Nos. 5080, 5096, 5112, 5163, 5061, 5219.) 

Herba nunc simplex 1-2 pedalis, nunc ramosissima 2-4 pedalis. 
Folia quaternatim verticillata, plerumque quam maxime inaequalia, 
minora circiter 1-0 cm. long., deltoideo-triloba, lobis apice spinuloso- 
pungentibus. Calycis lobi interiores integri. Flores caerulei vel 
fere cyanei. 

In making this determination I feel most uneasy about the 
dimorphic leaves ; these, however, seem to be absent in one of the 
specimens, which is not the only point of discrepancy between 
these latter. Whether, however, they be rightly referred to 
Klotzsch's species or not, they must all, I think, belong to one 
and the same species. 

B. boerhaai'ifolia, Nees. 

Hab. In dumetis arenosis inter Lopollo et Erne distr. Huilla ; 

itaque in distr. Loanda sine loci indicatione. (Nos. 5054, 5129, 
5199.) 

B. cuANZENsis,Welw. MSS. Caule ascendente diffuso sparsissime 
hirsuto-piloso, foliis subcoriaceis 4-6-natim verticillatis in verticillis 
inaequalibus vel subaequalibus lineari-lanceolatis vel lanceolatis 
acutis vel acutiusculis sparsissime hirsuto-pilosis interdum fere 
glabris siccitate brunneis, spicis mediocribus gracilibus, bracteis 
ovatis superioribus late oblanceolatis obtusissimis spinulis debilibus 
elongatis patentibus copiose munitis cano-villosulis, floribus 
solitariis h©te purpureis, calycis pilosi segmento postico integro 
antico conspicue 2-nervio acutissime 2-dentato, corollae limbo 
breviter 3-iido, filamentis incrassatis antheris 1-locularibus, capsula 

i 

Hab. In sylvestribus apertis petrosis juxta ripas fl. Cuanza 
prope Mopopo Distr. Pungo Andongo. (No. 5101.) 

Herba perennis, caule elongato, ramoso, procumbente. Folia 
2-5-8-0 cm. long., sessilia. Spicse 2-5 cm., earumque spinulae 
atratae 0-5 cm. long. Calycis segmentum posticum 0-7 cm. long., 
nervosum. Corolla intense flava extus puberula ; limbus intus 
pilis numerosis brevibus decurvis notatis. 

Nulli nisi B. boerhaavifolia Nees proxima, quae ob folia membran- 
ncea siccitate viridia, spicas minores, bracteas diversas, corollae 
minoris baud puipureae limbum conspicuius lobatum nostra a 
planta longe distat. 

Var. leptoplujlla. Humulis, foliis linearibus ad 7-0 cm. long, et 



longioribus, tloribus intense casruleis. 



paullo 



Hab. Inter Lopollo et Catumba distr. Huilla itaque in sylvis 



505G.) 



^uilongues. (Nos. 5053, 



No. 5030 videtur esse hujus speciei specimem valde iinina- 
turarn. 



HERBARII WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 231 

B. Welwitschii (sp. nov.) — Caule tereti mox glabro ramulis 
hispidis, foliis sessilibus 4-natim verticillatis plerumque insequalibus 
linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis apice pimgentibus integris coriaceis 
subtus conspicue 1-costatis glabris, spicis abbreviatis terminalibus 
aut axillaribus baud vel brevissime pedunculatis paucifloris, 
bracteis foliis hand omnino dissimilibus rigidis linearibus vel 
extremis brevissirnis oblongis omnibus apice et margine spinulas 
albidas ferentibus intermediis longioribus ac calycis lobos super- 
antibus vel subrequantibus omnibus pubescentibus, calycis lobo 
posteriore ovato-lanceolato pungente anteriore quam posterior 
breviore 2-nervio bifido, corolla pubescentis labio breviter ac 
in&qualiter 3-lobo, filamentis incrassatis, staminum anticorum 
productione quam antlierae dimidio breviore, capsula . 

Hab. In pascuis sylvaticis breve graminosis arenosis territorii 

Lopollensis distr. Huilla. (No. 5031.) 

Herba perennis, suffrutescens, radice crassa, lignosa, caulibus 
prostratis. Folia ad 4-0 cm. long. Bractese longiores vix ad 3-0 
cm. long. Calycis lobus posterior circiter 1*7 cm. long., lobi 
laterales lanceolati, usque ad 1*3 cm. long., lobi omnes puberuli. 
Corollse lrete ca>rule*e labium 1-5 cm. lat., lobi, breves laterales 
rotundati, medianus ovatus, tubus 0*7 cm. long. Filamenta 

circiter 1-7 cm. long., glabra. . . : , 

A proxima B. pratensi mibi distat ramulis hirsutis, folns 
angustis coriaceis, bracteis majoribus spinulosis, flonbus multo 
majoribus. 



Fruticosa ramosisshna ranns 
ato-ascendentibus cortice albido 



B. NOLJ-ME-TANGERE (sp. nOV.) 

divaricatia tortuosis elasticis virgato-asceuueuuuua ™ »™ ^ — 
cinctis leviter pruinosis, foliis verticillatis diniorphis alns oblan- 
ceolatis apice brevissime apiculatis subcoriaceis glabris ahis ad 
spinas sat tenues rigidissimas reductas omnibus basi articulatis, 
spicis ovoideis ramulos brevissimos terminantibus basi spinas 
paucas plus minus elongatas patulas basi latiores ferentibus, 
bracteis late ovatis longiuscule vel longe vel interdum longissime 
spinoso-acuminatis margine apicem versus sparsissime setoso- 
spinosis submembranaceis longitudinaliter nervosis glabris lane 
brunneis, bracteolis eloneatis gracilibus spatbulatis eleganter 



uiuuneis, oracteolis eiongatis gmuuiLiuo o^u**— .-- — o 

nervosis puberulis, calycis lacinia antica ovata obtusissima obscure 
2-dentata pubescente postica pubescente quam antica multo ma] ore 
3-loba lobis lateralibus oblongis rotundatis lobo mediano obloiigo- 
lanceolato 3-nervo emarginato laciniis lateralibus corollae tubo 
aquilongis oblongis acutis puberulis dorso cannulatis coro lite 



puberuli tubo ovoideo longitudinaliter suicato iiwuu u-^ y *™ 
8 anticis subfequalibus rotundatis 2 posticis ad latera labn minimis, 
stamiimm AUm^^c +v>™ rrioKr?R nftnim incrassatis antliens stncte 



taminum filamentis fere glabris parum incrass? 
--locularibus breviter barbatis, capsula ignota. 

Hab. In glareosis dumetosis inter Tammciset, < f*™?* 1 ™ 1 ** 
ad dextrum flum. Miombo distr. Mossamedes. (No. 5045.) 

Frutex 4-6 pedalis. Folia vegetativa plerumque circiter W 
cm. long. et 0-4-0-8 cm. lat., spinosa vix 1-5 cm. long., subteretia. 
Spicffi ad 2-8 cm. long, et 2-0 cm. lat., eoruin ramuli vix 0-6 cm. 
long, vel fere obsoleti; spina) ad basin eorum ad 2-7 cm. long. 



232 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM. 

Bractese 2-0 cm. long, sed minores et majores exstant, calyceni 
paullo superantes bracteolasque fequantes, Calycis lacinia antica 
1-2 cm. long., quam laterales baud duplo longior. Corolla vix 3-0 



cm. long., cyanea. 



/ 



folia itaque dimorpha sed nunquam ad spinas simplices reducta ; 
ceterum habitu diver so, internodiis multo brevioribus, spicis 
disparibus floribusque ob multas notas cum iis nostra planta 
nequaquam comparabilibus ab ea divergens. 

B. glidiacea (sp. nov.) — Espinosa, caule tenui diffuso ramoso 
pubescente, foliis verticillatis sessiiibus inrequalibus linearibus vel 
lineari lanceolatis apice parum induratis coriaceis pilosulis vel fere 
glabris, floribus sessiiibus vel plus minus pedunculatis solitariis 
(an semper) ad apicem seriei bractearum ovatarum obtusarum vel 
acuminatarum superne gradatim majorum glumacearum glabrarum 
lineis punctisque purpureis vel nigro-purpiui is notatarum nitent- 
arum, calycis lacinia postica bracteis consimili sed paullo breviore 



3-nervia integra decolore lacinia antica subito longeque acuminata 
inconspicue 3-nervia laciniis lateralibus anticae subsimilibus nisi 
minoribus omnibus oblique insertis pallide brunneis, corollas tubo 
ovoideo quam limbus oblongus brevissime 3-lobus plusquam 
dimidio breviore, ovario ovoideo basi contracto, capsula baud visa. 

Hab. In sylvis claris arenosis inter Catumba et Okay dist. 
Huilla, nee alibi visa. (No. 5052.) 

Internodia ad 5-0 cm. long., flexuosa. Folia majora 4-0-6-0 
cm. long., basi attenuata; minora 0-9-1-3 cm. long. Pedunculi 
2-5 cm. long. Bracteae imae 0-8 cm., mediocres 1-0 cm., superiores 
ad 1*7 cm. longitudine, bilateraliter compresse. Corolla 1-7 cm. 
long., cserulea. 

Species singularis et bracteis glumaceis facile cognoscenda. 

The effect of pressure on the calyx-lobes is very curious. They 
are all inserted obliquely, one of the lateral ones being partially 
concealed by one side of an outer lobe, and its fellow by the 
opposide side of the other outer lobe. 

Dubi(€. 

No. 5014 est B. sp. nova affinis B. edulis, Pers. et ab ea 
abhorrens habitu rigido, foliis parvis linearibus, et calyce hand 
sericeo. Ob florem mancum earn non descripsi. 

No. 5021 eadem videtur ac 5014 sed spicis latioribus et 
brevioribus. 

No. 5005 est planta parvula hujus generis omnino immatura. 

Acanthus, L. 

A. wontanits, T. And. (Cheilopm, Nees). 

Hab. Dumeta formans in rupestribus de Pedra Cabondo 
distr. Pungo Andongo. (Nos. 5076, 5167.) 
Suffrutex ramosus 3-4-pedalis. 

A. [Dilintria) nitidus (sp. nov.) — Espinosa, caule tereti glabro 
foliis nerbaceis petiolatis obovato-oblongis vel ovato-lanccolatis 



TRIFOLIUM MARITIMUM IN IRELAND. 233 

obtusis margine obscure undulatis glabris nitentibus, spicis 
terminalibus cylindricis foliis brevioribus, bracteis ovatis apiculatis 
concavis coriaceis levissime puberulis secus dimidium superius crispe 
ciliatis, calycis laciniis bractese consimilibus, corolla labio 5-lobo 
lobis oblongis, filamentis gracilibus glabris, antheris longe villosis, 
ovarii loculis 2-ovulatis. 

Hab. Distr. Pungo Andongo in sylvaticis de Barranco de 
Songue. (Nos. 5100, 5087.) 

Arbuscula 12-15 pedalis. Folia ad 17'0 cm. long, et 6-5 cm, 
lat. Spicae fere 8-0 cm. long. Corolla albo violascens, extus 
appresse sericeo-pubescens. 

A, Kirkii, T. Anders., cui planta nostra proxima, ab ea 
discedit foliis majoribus, spicis abbreviates, bracteis longioribus 
minus firmis, antheris minus villosis, aliisque notis. 

(To be continued). 



TRIFOLIUM MARITIMUM IN IRELAND. 

By A. G. More, F.L.S., M.R.I.A. 

On the 18th of June last, while travelling by car from Lahinch, 
County Clare, towards the cliffs of Moher, I noticed a pink-flowered 
Trifolium growing in a large patch along the edge of a field bor- 
dering upon the road, near the eastern end of the village of Lis- 
cannor, and close to the sea-shore. It was growing plentifully 
about the border of a field reserved for hay ; and at the time, I 
must confess, I felt some doubt as to whether it might have been 
introduced with agricultural seeds. But, though I had not time 
to search the adjoining sea-shore, I am not aware that Irifoluini 
maritimum has ever been used as an agricultural clover ; and 1 
believe the balance inclines in favour of the nativity of the plant, 

which, nnmi ««.min<.t.i ft n v>vnvAd fcn be Trifolium mantimum, Unas. 



-n-» an Jirisn plant, i. manmnum uta.», ^"5 "o^ ~ — •--■ 

by Wade ('Plant© Rariores,' 1804) as "found in a field near 
Kilbarrick Church-yard, road to Howth, flowering m August. 
In his • Catalogue of Rare Plants " (1806) Mackay gives two addi- 
tional localities, viz., " On Lambay ; Mr. Underwood, and At tne 
lower end of the North Wall, first noticed there by W. »■ 
Kennedy in 1806;" but, in his general ' Catalogue of the Wants 
found in Ireland " (1825) he mentions only « sandy fields and 
ditch-banks near Kilbarrick Church. 'The Insk Flora (1838), 
gives the single station of " salt marshes, in the Island ot La ^ a f' 
and in « Flora Hibemica ' (1836), Mackay repeats Dr. Wade s 

original l«.Vi. .- (i ,i-„ ™^,r fiaWs and ditch-banks on tne 



original locality as "dry sandy fields and ^h-banks on tn 
coast, near Kilbarrick Church, rather sparingly, adding, ^ said t 
have been found in salt marshes in the Island of Lamba\ . 

T -1 ... ._. . - t T- 1^« IhA nhnir, 1J] 



In both localities. Kil 



-t-xi uuuii localities, luioarricK h,uu j-k*x^^ v > - — t x . 

smce been searched for without success. No specimen «*«** 
* may be observed that the sandy banks about Kilbarrick are moie 

2h 



234 STIRPIUM DUARUM NOVARUM E PRIMULACEARUM. 

likely to have produced T. scabrum or T. striatum, misnamed at a 
time when T. maritimum was imperfectly known to Irish botanists; 
while, in the Island of Lambay, there is no tract that can be 
called a salt marsh, this kind of station having probably been 
borrowed from one of the current < Floras. 1 In the North Lots, 
which is the well-known locality for two of our rarest plants, Carex 
dirisa and Sclerochloa Borreri, I have never been able to find a 
trace of the Trifolium ; and I much fear that some mistake was 
made about the few "introduced" specimens supposed to have 
been once gathered there by Mr. Johnston. 

In the present instance there is no doubt as to the species, but 
it will probably be prudent to wait for further observation before 
enrolling T. maritimum as a certain native of Ireland. 



STIRPIUM DUARUM NOVARUM E PRIMULACEARUM 



FAMILIA CHARACTERES 
excudit Henr. F. Hance, Ph.D. 



453 



Foliis rosulatis 



tenuibus subrotundo-ovalibus basi cordatis lobis ssepius incumben- 
tibus apice obtusissimis margine repandis supra parce hirtis opacis 
subtus pallidioribus nervis pilosis petiolis iis sequilongis fulvo- 
villosis, scapis folia 2-3-plo superantibus pilosulis 10-20-floris, 
floribus umbellatis, involucri foliolis lineari-setaceis pedicellis 
longis divaricatis subtriplo brevioribus, calyce pubero e basi 
acutissima obconica ad trientem longitudinis in dentes latissime 
semiovatos mucronulatos diviso, corollse hypocrateriformis roseae 
tubo calycem duplo superante lobis oblongis retusis, capsula parva 
globosa, stylo tenuiter capillari tubum corollinum fere adsequante. 
In prov. Hupeh, circa Ichang, vere 1879, coll. cl. T. "Watters. 



(Herb, propr. n. 21,000.) 



Kaitffi 



niancBy Rgl. j* a cunctis tamen, foliis haud lobatis calycisque forma 
egregie distincta. 

93' 2. Stimpsonia crispidens, sp. nov. — Annua, erecta, glaberrima, 
caule semipedali, foliis majoribus rosulatis sessilibus spathulatis 
minoribus (bractealibus) secus caulem dispositis alternis v. op- 
positis ovato-lanceolatis omnibus more Peduularium pluriinaruni 
margine erosulis crispulo-dentatis, floribus axillaribus solitarhs, 
pedicellis foliis bractealibus 3-4-plo longioribus patentibus, sepahs 
lanceolatis, corollie calycem duplo superantis ad medium fissffi 
lobis margine erosis emarginatis. 

In unibrosis fauciuin montanarum, circa Ichang, Aprili, 1880, 
leg. am. Waiters. (Herb, propr. n. 21,012.) 

Genus nullo,praeter habitum, charactere ab Awl rosace sejimctum, 
et, specie altera nunc detecta, forte melius pro ejus sectione 
habendum; nam inter sectionem Andraspidtm et Aretiam* 
Uiuuysice aperte accedentem, se^ue magna exstat differentia. 

* W. Turkestan 4, t. 4. 




235 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAB 

EXPEDITION OF 1875-6. 

By Henry Chichester Hart, B.A., Naturalist to H.M.S. 

' Discovery.' 

(Continued from p. 208.) 

Composite. 

Artemisia borealis, Pall. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15' to 69° 42'. G. 

Near Lieveley, Disco ; common at the head of Svarte Vogel 
Bay, near Eittenbank. * 

Antennaria alpina, L. 

Dist. 12 3. Lat. 68° 42' to 72° 48'. G. 

Frequent as far north as TJpernavik. 

Gnaphalinm sylvatieion, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Englishman's Bay, Disco. Specimens gathered here were 
identical with the British plant. 

G. sylvatiaim, L. (var. norvegicwn , Guun). 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

With the last, and common elsewhere at Disco. 

Arnica montana, L. (A. augustifolia, V.) 

Dist. 12 12. Lat. 68° 42' to 81° 40'. W. and G. 

Between Lyngemarken Fjeld and the sea at Disco, scarce; 
much commoner at Eittenbank and Proven. Feilden gathered a 
plant on Bellot Island, Discovery Bay ; it was not in flower, but 
the leaf is unmistakable. 

Erigtron wUflorus, L. (K. alphas, L.) 

Dist. 1 i± Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42°. W. and G. 

Lyngemarken, Englishman's Bay, and Blase Dalen, Disco. 
Sunny slopes facing south, in three places plentifully, in Discovery 
Bay ; abundant on Bellot Island ; not in flower till August 6 in 
Discovery Bay, but then flowering freely. 

Sea-level to 800 feet in Discovery Bay. 

E. composite, Pursh. 

Dist. 1 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. W. and G. 

Gathered at Waigattet, Disco, by the Eev. Mr. Pullen. I did 
not meet with it again until reaching Discovery Bay, where it was 
common in many places, but especially where I found the miocene 
coal deposits, July 18, 1876, above and around which it occurred 
m quantities. The flowers are large and showy, like those of our 
°x-eye daisy. In flower July 18 at Discovery Bay. 

Seadevel to 900 feet in Discovery Bay. 

Taraxacum Dens-konis, Desf. 

Dist. 1 2 - - 5 6 7 - - - 11 12 13. Lat 69° 15' to 82° 27'. 
E., W., and G. 



236 



POLAR 



Frequent in a stunted form in Discovery Bay. In flower 
y 16. Floeberg Beach (H. W. F. and coll. Moss). 
Sea-level to 750 feet in Discovery Bay. The form T. palnstre, 



DC, occurred in Foulke Fiord. 



linifi 



Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 
Englishman's Bay, Disco. 

C. uniflora, L. 

Dist. 1 2. Lat. 69° 15' to 7 2° 20'. G. 

Frequent at Disco, Eittenbank, and Proven, but nowhere in 

good flower. 

Vaccinea. 

Vaccinium idiqinosum, L. 

Dist. 12 3-567. Lat. 68° 42' to 78° 56'. W. and G. 
Common as far north as the " Deserted Village " and " Twin 
Glacier," Hayes Sound. 

Ericacece. 
Cassiopeia hypnoides, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 68° 42' to 69° 15'. G. 

In a glen at the head of Svarte Vogel Bay, near Eittenbank; 
on Disco ; on the mainland near Disco ; and at Egedesminde. 

C. tetragona, L. 

Dist. 12 3 4 5 6 7. Lat. 68° 42' to 78° 56'. W. and G. 

The most abundant of the heath family, and supplying the 
want of heather in low grounds in some parts of Disco, to the 
east of Godhavn, &c. The same range as Vaccinium idiginosum, 
but more abundant ; both disappear north of Hayes Sound. In 
Spitzbergen this plant, the most northern of the family, reaches a 
latitude of 79° 56'. 

Andromeda poli/oUa, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Sparingly to the east of Godhavn, Disco. 

Diapenmi lapponica, L. 

Dist. 12 3. Lat. 68° 42' to 72° 58'. G. 

I gathered this beautiful flower as far north as Kangitok. 

Loiseleuria procumbens , L. 

Dist. 1 2. Lat. 68° 42' to 72° 20'. G. 
Disco, Egedesminde, and Proven. 

Rhododendron lapponicum, L. 

Dist. 1 2. Lat. 68° 42' to 72° 20'. G. 

Ledum palustre, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 68° 42' to 69° 42'. G. 
Common at Disco and Eittenbank. 



Gren. & Godr.) 



ifi 



Dist. 1 2. Lat. 68° 42' to 72° 20'. G. 

Egedesminde; about Lyngemarken, Disco; and Proven 



common. 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 237 

Pyrola rotimdifolia , L. (var. grandiflora, Had.) 

Dist. 1. Lat. 68° 42' to 69° 15'. G. 

Especially abundant on headlands west of Englishman's Bay, 
where it contrasted its white flowers with the purple Saxifrage in 
a beautiful manner. 

Sea-level to 1000 feet at Lyngemarken, Disco. 

Boraginece. 
Mertmsia maritima, Don. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Sea-shore by Englishman's Bay, Laxe Bay, and Bed Eiver, 



Disco. 



Scrophulariacece 



Disco. 



Veronica alphia, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Valley at the head of Englishman's Bay and at Lyngemarken, 



V. saxatilis, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Sparingly near Englishman's Bay, Disco. 

Bartsia alpina, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

"With Veronica alpina, Disco. 

Pedicularis capitata, Adams. _. 

Dist. 5 - 7 - - - - 12. Lat. 78° 18' to 81° 42'. E. and W 

This beautiful flower was gathered by Dr. Coppinger at Port 
Foulke, and again at Hayes Sound ; the first locality renders it an 
addition to the Flora of Greenland. I found it subsequently in 
two places in small quantities near the ship ; it spreads by means 
of far-creeping soboles. In flower July 20, Discovery Bay. Wot 
previously found north of 72° at Port Kennedy. 

Sea-level (at Black Hole) to 700 feet (on Mt. Carmel), Dis- 

covery Bay. 

Dis;T-^5 L 7 8 --- 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 52'. E.and G 
Sparingly at Disco and Eittenbank ; more common at Foulke . 

Fiord, Walrus Island, and in Hayes Sound. Scarce m Discovery 

Bay ; always growing at low levels. 

KefTa 0*4 5 6 78 violin. Lat. 68° 42' to 81° 45'. 

OccL^'fretue'ntly to Discovery Bay where it wa, a -ry 
poor and shifted representative of the gaudy Disco , plant • £ *>™ 
July 6 at Discovery Bay. Not north of Shift Rudder B »J l^* ' j 

Up to 1000 feet between Discovery Bay and Musk Ox I lord. 



Disti tl - m } - 1 T. ST Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. W. and G. 
Sea-level to 900 feet at Disco. 



238 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 



P. flammea, L. 

Dist. 12 7. Lat. 69° 15' to 78° 50'. W. and G. 

Disco, Proven, and at "Edward's Grief," Hayes Sound. 
As a rule this genus is confined to low levels. 

Primidacece. 
Androsace septentrionalis, L. 

Dist. 12. Lat. 81° 42'. W. 

In two places near the harbourage in Discovery Bay and on 
Bellot Island; in each case in company with Erigeron uniftorus. 
Not hitherto found north of 72° in the Polar American Islands. 

Sea-level to 900 feet on Mt. Cartmel, Discovery Bay. 

Plumbaginem . 
Armena vulgaris, Willd. (.4. htbmdorica, Walk.) 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Headlands west of Englishman's Bay, Disco. 

P lantagineee . 
Plantago maritima, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Bocky coast near sea-level west of Englishman's Bay; a 
different looking plant from the British one, with lax flowering 

scapes, not erect and larger flowers; the leaves also limp, and 
scarcely fleshy. 

Polygonacem. 
Polygonum avictdare, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 68° 42'. G. 

Sparingly near the landing-place at Egedesminde ; a colonist ? 

P. viviparum, L. 

Dist 1 2 3 - - 6 7 - --- 12 13. Lat. 68° 42' to 82° 27'. 
vv. and G. 



Generally common ; abun< 
Bay, Disco, and at Upernavik 



in blossom. 



W 



Sea-level to 1000 feet at Cape Sabine. 

Rumex Acetosella, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 
Near Godhavn, Disco. 

Kcenigia islandica, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 



On partially thawed slushy ground near sea-level at Disco, 
especially about the governor's house. The only annual observed. 

Oxyria reniformis, Hk. 

Dist. 12 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18. Lat. 68° 42' to 82° 27'. 
E., W., and G. 

Common everywhere; seldom at very low levels. Floeberg 
Beach (H. W. F.) J 

300 to 2000 feet at Discovery Bay. 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 239 



Empetracece. 
Empetrum nigrum, L. 

Dist. 12 3-56. Lat. 68° 42' to 78° 45'. E., W., and G. 
Common, but soon diminishing in quantity. Not seen north 
of Cape Sabine. 

Sea-level to 800 feet at Cape Sabine. 

Betulacea. 
Betula nana, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Common at Disco ; not seen farther north. J. Taylor (Arctic 
Manual) mentions that he did not see it north of Disco. Lange 
gives 72° 48" for its range. Salix herbacea is sometimes mistaken 
for it. 

Salicinea. 

Salix glauca, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Not uncommon at Disco. 

S. arctica, Br. 

Common everywhere, and under this name a variety of forms 
are included, varying especially with regard to size, width, and 
downiness of the leaves. Lieut. Beaumout showed me a stem an 
inch in diameter from Wood Pt., North Greenland, lat. 82° 25'; 
and Lieut. Aldrich picked up willow leaves at Cape Fanshawe 
Martin, lat. 82° 50', upon the north coast of Grinnell Land. Of 
great value in holding the soil, by means of its strong stems, from, 
being washed away by the floods from melting snow, and is often 
tbe first plant to make the ground tenable for others. A large 
series which I sent to the Bev. J. Leefe are all referred by him 
to S. arctica. In flower (female) in Discovery Bay, June 21. 

Sea-level to 900 feet, Discovery Bay. 

S, herbacea, L. 

Dist. 1 2 8. G. 

Disco, Proven, and Upernavik, abundant. 






willow 



^ lkJ ^} i-l'MCU, ttllU. UMCiiiwiiuj «<~ . , -I 

inflorescence which I gathered in Disco may be S. polam, thougli 
it may be an entire-leaved form of S. herbacea. 



MoNOCOTYLEDONES 

Melanthaccir. 



Tofieldia burealis, Wahlenb. (T. pahutrit, L.) 

Dist. 1 2. Lat. 69° 15' to 72° 20'. G. 

Common at Disco, Bittenbank, and Proven On clayey slopes 
where the melting snow has an almost irresistible power to carry 
away the soil, this plant is of great service m binding it togetner 
and saving it, by means of its fibrous roots. 

Sea-level to 1000 feet at Disco. 



Habenaria albida, B. Br. 
Dist. 1. Lat. 69' 15'. G. 



Orc/iitlacea. 



24:0 ON THE 



Lange, in ' Kink's 



Abundant with the following two Orchids at Englishman's 
Bay, Disco. Kemarkably sweet-scented. 

Listera cordata, Br. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

"With the last, in flower at Disco, July 13. 
Gronland,' gives 64° 10' as the northern limit of this plant ; its 
discovery here is therefore an addition to the Flora of Arctic 
Greenland. 

Platanthera hyperborea, Linde. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Luxuriant with the last two, at sea-level and close to the sea, 
forming dense beds of rich foliage. No Orchis is included in B. 
Brown's ' Florula Discoana.' 

JitncacecB. 
Luzula spadicea, DC. (var. parviflora, Desv.) 

Dist. 1 2. Lat. 69° 15' to 72° 20'. G. 

A very handsome plant at Englishman's Bay, Disco ; Proven. 
Not recorded north of Disco by Lange. 

L. campestris, Sm. (var. congesta), L. multiflora, Lej. 

Dist. 12 3 11 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. 

E., W., and G. 

Frequent at the earlier stations; again at Polaris Bay and 
Discovery Bay. Lange gives 70° its north limit in Greenland. 

L. arcuata, Sw. (L. hyperborea, Br.) 

Dist. .-3-567 12. Lat. 72° 48' to 81° 49'. 

E., W., and G. 

This form occurred more commonly northward, and became 
more glabrous. Between St. Patrick's Bay and Shift Rudder Bay 
at 800 feet. 

Juncus triglumis, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 
Near Lievely, Disco. 

J. biglumis, L. 

Dist. 1 7 8 -.- 12 18. Lat. 69° 15' to 82° 27. 

W. and G. 

Muddy soil near the sea. Common at Discovery Bay, St. 
Patrick's Bay, and near Shift Kudder Bay. Appearing late in the 
season. Floeberg Beach (H. W. F.) 



Cyperacea. 
Carex mpestris, All. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 
Disco, frequent. 

C. nardina, Fr. 

Dist. 1 2 3 - 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13. Lat. 09° 14' to 82° 27'. 
E., W., and G. 

Common everywhere; especially at Foulke Fiord and at 
Norman Lockyer Island, where it formed nearly the whole vegeta- 
tion. Floeberg Beach (H. W. FA 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 241 



C. sci?*poidea, Mx. (C, Wormskioldiana, Horn.). 

Dist. 1 2. Lat. 69° 15' to 72° 20'. G. 

Frequent at Disco ; gathered two plants at Proven. 

C. alpina, Sw. (C. holostoma, Drej.) 

Dist. - 2 7. Lat. 72° 20' to 78° 50'. W. and G. 

Proven ; Hayes Sound (H. W. F.) 

C. fuliginosa, St. & Hoppe. 

Dist. 1 2 3 - - 6 7 8 - - - 12 13. Lat. 69° 42' to 82° 27'. 

E. ( W., and G. 

Rittenbank, Proven, and Upernavik; "Deserted Village," 
Hayes Sound, covering the drier sod about the iglus ; but a stunted 
form, and not luxuriant, as on inorganic soil at Discovery Bay. 
Franklin Pearce Bay, east side (coll. Moss); Floeberg Beach 
(H. W. F.) Except for occasional patches of moss, this is the 
only plant forming a bright green sward in Discovery Bay. In 
Musk Ox Fiord, seven or eight miles inland, amongst a chain of 
trout lakes, there are several small oval plains, three to five hundred 
yards in length, and having a fresh green surface entirely due to 
this sedge. I saw nothing so refreshing for the eyes as these 
oases in tbe Arctic Regions. These had been small glacially- 
formed lakes, now silted full with mud, and such sedge-meadows 
were rich pasturage for the musk-oxen. Floeberg Beach (H. W. F.) 

Sea-level to 650 feet in Discovery Bay. 

C. rarijiora, Sm. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 
Near Lievely, Disco. 

C. capillaris, L. 

Dist. - 2. Lat. 72° 20'. G. 

C. riaida, Good, (et vars.) „ _, . _ 

Dist. 12 3-567 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 52'. E.,W. &G. 

Lievely Island, Disco, &c. ; Discovery Bay and Musk Ox Bay ; 
near Shift Rudder Bay. 

Sea-level to 500 feet in Musk Ox Fiord. 

G. stans, Drej. (C. aouatilis, Wahl.) 

Dist. - 2 - - - -7 - --- 12. Lat. 72° 20' to 81° 42'. W. and G. 

Proven ; Deserted ViUage to Ptarmigan Hill, Hayes Sound ; 
Discovery Bay to the north of the harbourage, by the sea. Ibis 
sedge was always near the sea-shore, usually amongst shingle at 
the water's edge, or just inside the ice-foot. At the Deserted 
Village : lat. 78° 50', it attained a height of close on two feet, by 
f ar a greater growth than that of any other herbaceous plant seen 
north of Disco. 

Scirpus cmpitoaus, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Common in patches about Godhavn, Disco. 

Eriophorum cavitation, Host. , _ 

Dist.12-454 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42. \ 

Disco, common, appearing through the snow at 2o00 feet. 



W 



2i 



242 SHORT NOTES. 

* 

Not common at Discovery Bay, and only on a high plain between 
it and Musk Ox Bay. Considering the time of the season (early 
in June, which was long before the snow had begun to melt on the 
higher plains), and the exposed and elevated situations which this 
plant seemed to prefer, I consider it has a greater power of defying 
the cold than any other species. 

At 1000 feet in Discovery Bay, forcing itself through the frozen 

snow. 

* 

E capitatum, var. Scheuchzeri, Hoppe. 

Dist. 1 7 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 52'. W. & G. 

Disco. Common at the Deserted Village and Ptarmigan Hill 
with E. pohjstachium , L. Shift Rudder Bay (H. W. F.) 

E. vaginatum, L. 

Dist. - 2 - - 5. Lat. 72° 20' to 78° 18'. E. and G. 
Proven and Foulke Fiord. 

(To be continued). 



SHOET NOTES. 



Cabdamine impatiens, L., in Kent. — This plant occurs abun- 
dantly in hedge-banks near Edenbridge, West Kent, where I 
observed it this spring by the side of the road, south of the railway, 
leading from the above place to Penshurst. It is not recorded for either 
division of the county in ' Topographical Botany.' — W. H. Beeby. 



Ranunculus vulgatus, Joed., in Herts. — I am not aware that 
this plant has been hitherto on record for the county, although it 
has been noticed in at least one of those immediately adjacent. I 
have quite recently met with it in this neighbourhood, not far from 
the borders of Cambridgeshire, growing on a balk by the roadside 
in an exposed situation on a chalky soil. The rhizomes, some of 
which, broken, were two inches or more in length, appeared to 
have spread from common centres. The stems have a distinct 
facies from those of R. tomophyUut, and seem to be of a much 
tougher constitution. It is curious that Professor Babington, in 
the last edition of his ' Manual,' should have ascribed an oblique 
or horizontal rhizome to R. t<mophyllua.—R. A. Pbyob. 



Leucobbyum glaucum in Fruit {ante, pp. 185, 218).— In addi- 
tion to the habitats already given in the ' Journal,' the following 
may be given :— Fowlshaw Moss, Westmoreland, gathered by Mr. 
J. M. Barnes, in the autumn of 1866, where I have since several 
turns collected it; Wardon Park, Dorset, by the Bev. 0. P. Cam- 
bridge, in April, 1880. -- Geobge Stablib. [Mr. C. P. Hobkirk 
adds the locality of Dartmoor, 1870, Dr. de Crespigny. It does 
not seem necessary to publish further localities for what proves to 
be a not uncommon occurrence.— Ed. Journ. Bot.] 



SHORT NOTES. 243 

Two New British Hepatic*:. — So far as I am aware, Cma 
obtusa, Lindberg, and BaduJa lAndenbergii , Gottsche, have not 
hitherto been recorded as British plants ; I first found both about 
five years ago. Cma obtusa I have only found in a single place, 
viz., on a boulder by the highway side in the valley of Kentmere, 
Westmoreland. Dr. Lindberg, the author of the species, detected 
it amongst a number of plants I sent him. Radula Lmdmbergii, 
Gottsche, is more plentiful than the latter. It grows on the 
northern face of Harter Fell, Westmoreland. I have not suc- 
ceeded in finding fruiting specimens ; probably the fruit is rare, as 
the species is dioicous. The Westmoreland plant closely agrees 
with a Scandinavian specimen which I have received from Prof sor 
Lindberg. — George Stabler. 



Norfolk Plants. — On June 5th I gathered Festuca ambigua, 



West 



It wa 



almost certain to occur, as the district is similar to the adjoining 
part of Suffolk, where I found it last year. I traced it for some 
three or four miles, from about three miles from Thetford (on the 
Mundford road) across Santon Warren nearly to Brandon. In 
places its position was well marked by the quantity it occurred in 
and by its brownish yellow spikes. It was growing with Sclenrn- 

thus perennis, Veronica verna, Silene cornea, &e. V. cerna has not 

been gathered recently, I think, in this part of Norfolk ; the Rev. 
Kirby Trimmer had not found it when his ' Flora of Norfolk ' was 
published ; and Mr. Geldart, of Norwich, speaks of it (Lubbock's 
' Fauna of Norfolk,' 2nd ed.) as " not found lately." I also found 
on Santon Warren Carex ericetorum, Poll, (additional to vice-county 
28), but in small quantity, and was only able to identify it by one 
spike ; it is an earlier flowerer than C. pmcox, and I was too late 
for it ; however, I secured living specimens. It occurred in one 
place only (so far as I saw), close by a " drift- way." These " drift- 
ways" are found in this part of Norfolk and adjacent parts ot 
Suffolk ; they are public ways over the sandy heaths and warrens, 
and only to be noticed sometimes by a faint wheel-mark or the 
exposure of the sandy soil ; they are used for cattle, but not as 
roads in the ordinary sense. Carex paludosa, var. Kockuma, I found 
V the Brandon river between Thetford and Brandon on the 
Norfolk side. I think it has not been recorded for the county. 
Botn/chium Lunaria, Sw., is not recorded for West Norfolk by 
Mr. Watson ; I gathered it on Santon Warren. Sagma apetaa 
Santon Warren (additional to vice-county 28, West Norfolk). 
One noticeable feature of this part of Norfolk is the scarcity of 
Medicago minima ; I only saw it in one spot : within a few miles in 
Suffolk, on exactly similar ground, it occurs m profusion ; I have 
walked seven miles without losing sight of it for more than a few 
yards, and on some banks its yellow flowers arrest attention by 
tb -eir quantity. I have collected TohjpeUa intricata at Barston, 
near Cambridge— an additional station for the county. I am 
flad the Messrs. Groves have called attention to he discrepancy 
between specimens and numbers in Braun's E. • b. J^xsiccata, 



244 SHORT NOTES. 



* 

as some authors may be charged with deceptive references. I give 
another instance, from my own set, and there are others : the 
Messrs. Groves, under Tohjpdla glomerata, give Braun, No. 17 J 
my specimen (No. 17) is Nitella mucronata, var. teniiior. Wahlstedt 
also gives No. 17 for Tolypella glomerata in his ' Monografi ofver 
Swerges och Norges Characeer.' — A. Bennett. 



Ningpo Hats.— In a report on the foreign trade of Ningpo for 
the year 1877, Mr. W. M. Cooper, consul at Ningpo, referred to 
these hats as follows:— " The export of hats woven by hand from 
a small species of Carex (sedge) has grown within three years to 
great proportions, no less than 15,000,000 having this year been 
exported. The plant is indigenous, and is to be found in damp 
spots among the hills, but that employed for the manufacture is 
cultivated in rice grounds. The hats are made by the women and 
children at their homes, and sold by them at £d. to 2d. each. 
They are strong and serviceable, and are bought wholesale by the 
foreign merchants, who send them to London, whence, I believe, 
they are shipped principally to the Southern States of America."* 
These hats were very abundant in London last year,t and we 
thought that specimens obtained for the Kew Museum were made 
of some kind of rush. Mr. Cooper has, however, obligingly sent 
me a specimen of the plant actually used for the purpose, which 
proves to be identical with that from which China matting is made, 
and which Dr. Hance has determined to be Cyperus teyetiformis, 
Koxb. The only difference is that in making the hats the culms 
are used whole, while for matting they are split into two. — W. !• 
Thiselton Dyer. 



LANCEOLATUM 



— — «- _™ M wm f x.uu,, ™, . „~~ Under this name 

Mr. J. F. Eobinson describes (in Hardwicke's 4 Science Gossip ' for 
July) " a new and very distinct variety " of Asplenium lanceolatum, 
of which " several roots have been found by Mr. Sinel on old 
walls near to Bagot, Jersey." Its characters are stated to be 
as follow : — " Fronds but few, from the crown of the root, scaly 
below, free above, lanceolate in outline in the young fronds, 
evidently broadly linear ; rachis round, without the least appear- 
ance of raised marginal wings ; bipinnate throughout, l°™ e * 
pinnae of three to fiive pinnules, central of three distinctly stalked 
pinnse in the old fronds. Pinnules rounded or obtuse at the apex, 
evenly serrated, terminal cordate, lower for those nearest the 
rachis, orbicular, the teeth of lower pinnules slightly mucronate. 
Sori oblong, springing from midrib, numerous, white in early 

fronds, dark brown when ripe." Mr. Robinson adds, " Fronds 

iish pteridology ; 

all declare it to be a new and very distinct variety." We cannot 
express any opinion as to its distinctness, as neither Mr. Moore 

* * Commercial Reports,' China, No. 7 (1878), pp. 113, 114. 
t See 'Gard. Chron.,* 1870, vol. xii., n. s., pp. 210, 81L 



been 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 245 



nor Mr. Baker have seen specimens, nor have we been able to 
obtain any. 



Cephalanthera rubra. — We are indebted to the Rev. H. P. 
Eeader for a fresh specimen of this beautiful orchid, collected in a 
Gloucestershire locality (which he does not wish to specify more 
closely) , distinct though not very far removed from that in which 
he found it last year (Journ. Bot., 1879, p. 277). 



Notices of Boofts au& Jftnnotvs- 



if 



German 



of Dr. K. Peantl ; the translation revised by S. H. Vines, 
M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S. London: Sonnenchein and Allen, 
1880. 

The number of good text -books of Botany is rapidly becoming 
so large that the student is likely to suffer, in the choice of one, 
under an embarras cle richesses. That the one now under our hands 
is entitled to be included under the above category is implied in the 
statement that it is founded on Sachs's « Lehrbuch,' being m fact 
almost a condensed epitome of it. In fact, the failings of Sachs's 
great work as a handbook for the English student are but too 
faithfully reproduced. It seems to us a serious defect in a work 
of this kind that just one-third of it should be devoted to the clas- 
sification of flowering plants on a system which renders it almost 
valueless to students in this country; a system which places 
Pittosporm in the same natural order as Staphyhxcee and lhanea, 
and Laurinea in the same order as Rctnnneulacea. Has not the 
English editor presumed too much on the neglect of systematic 
botany now prevalent in this country ? 

Here and there we find statements which are not abreast of the 
state of knowledge in the year which appears on the title-page, as 
in the assertion that " in angiosperms the pollen-gram is uni- 
cellular," notwithstanding the now well-known observations ol 
Elfving, which show that the statement can only be accepted with 
very great modification. It seems inevitable that even the best 
and most careful writers will stumble when attempting to elucidate 
the chaotic terminology of cryptogams. The student will be sorely 
tried in attempting to reconcile the statements that the repro- 
ductive ceUs fof Fungi] which are produced asexually are spoken 
of as govulia ox coridia (stylogonidia, endogomda, zoogomdia), 
whereas those which are produced sexually are spoken of as spore* 

zygospore, oospore, ascospore, (sic) ;" " fungi as ^f r ° x dnce ±^JZ 
ways, asexually by means of conidia, and sexually by means of 
spores;" "true reproduction may be aflected in two wajs. 
(«) asexuallv bv cells termed gonidia, conidia, or spores. 



246 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

But we are mindful of the adage about glass houses. If every 
text-book were to be judged by its defects, what would be the fate 
of even the best ? It may seem but small praise to say that in the 
present instance they are greatly outweighed by its merits.^ Set- 
ting aside the portion devoted to the ulterior classification of 
flowering plants, the book is one with which the student may feel 
himself safe, and which will no doubt obtain the wide circulation 
which will be greatly helped by the easy and "English" style of 
translation, A. W. B. 

A Monograph of the genus LUium. By H. J. Elwes, F.L.S., F.Z.S, 

Illustrated by W. H. Fitch, A.L.S. Seven parts folio, with 
forty-eight coloured plates. London, 1880. B. H. Porter. 
6, Tenterden Street, Hanover Square. 

This is a very fine work, both from a botanical and artistic 
point of view. It contains a coloured plate, folio size, drawn by 
Fitch, of every known species and the principal varieties of Lily, 
with a Latin description and popular account of the plant, and a 
sketch of its history, geographical distribution, and cultural and 
climatic requirements. As every one knows, a great impulse has 
lately been given to the cultivation of Lilies, and we now know 
far more about them than we did twenty, or even ten years ago. 
Nearly all the plates of Lilies that have previously appeared have 
been very incomplete and unsatisfactory, partly because it requires 
folio size to do a Lily justice. But here we have the whole series, 
about fifty in number, drawn upon a uniform scale, upon a large 
enough size, by the man best fitted to deal with them, and the 
result is one of the most sumptuous botanical monographs that has 
ever appeared. The leaves and flowers have been carefully 
coloured from nature, and pains has been taken to make the 
plates as complete as possible by including the bulbs and capsules, 
which are very needful for a full understanding of the species, but 
have previously been almost altogether neglected. The author, 
Mr. Elwes, is an ornithologist of great experience, who has seen 
service in India, and since his retirement from the army has 
devoted himself specially to the cultivation of petaloid monoco- 
tyledons, of which he has now, in his garden at Preston, near 
Cirencester, one of the finest collections in existence. For several 
years he has been a member of the Council of the Boyal Horticul- 
tural Society, and a leading contributor to their shows, so that a 
considerable proportion of the plates have been drawn from 
specimens grown in his own garden, and he has been brought into 
constant contact and correspondence with the principal cultivators 
at home and abroad, he having been helped ungrudgingly by such 
men as "Wilson and Leichtlin in Europe, and Horey, Pringle, 
Hanson, and Sarjeant in America. He has tested under cultiva- 
tion the validity of the critical forms, and has visited frequently 
the principal establishments in England and on the Continent 
where Lilies are grown on a grand scale, with the result of 
reducing some of those which were considered as species to the 
rank of varieties. Botanists are not at all likely to quarrel with 



NOTICES GF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 247 

what he says about the impossibility of reaching satisfactory con- 
clusions on matters of this kind without appealing to the aid of the 
cultivator. In every way great pains has been taken to make the 
work as complete as possible, and we are pleased to see from the 
notice distributed with the last part that, although it is necessarily 
an expensive one, but few copies still remain for disposal. There 
are altogether seven parts, six devoted to the species and varieties 
taken seriatim, and the last to a classified list of species, and to 
general remarks on their history, culture, and geographical dis- 
tribution, this last point illustrated by a map. The genus belongs 
essentially to the north temperate zone, and is dispersed throughout 
its area, the concentration of forms being in Japan and China in 
the Old World, and California in the New. By this work, Mr. 
Elwes has not only connected his name inseparably with this 
beautiful genus, but has set an excellent example to the many 
gentlemen of means and leisure who are interested in plant -culti- 
vation. If they want to work so as to help Botany, by far the 
best way to accomplish this is to make a speciality of some parti- 
cular, or one particular set of plants, such as hybridising or fer- 
tilisation, or Agaves, or Crocuses, or Pelargoniums, or Begonias, or 
Irises, and work out the details with thoroughness and patience. 

J. G. B. 



The British Moss-Flora. By B. Braithwaite, M.D., F.L.S., ftc. 

Parts 1 and 2. London : published by the Author at 308, 
Clapham Road. 

Two parts of this work, containing the three Orders, Andmacea, 
Buxhaumiaceic, and Geor</iacea>, have been issued, uniform in size 
and style with the author's excellent monograph of the Sphwjnaeea, 
and we can highly commend them to the notice of our bryological 
readers. The text is ample, and leaves nothing to be desired, 
containing full and clear descriptions, with copious synonymy and 
references chronologically arranged ; the plates are all that plates 
should be, affording all necessary structural details, without the 
unnecessary redundance which renders the magnificence of some 
modern bryological works almost oppressive and embarrassing; 
and the whole work shows the care and thoroughness with which 
the author has laboured. At the same time the engraver and 
printer have done all that could be done to give the reader a hand- 
some as well as valuable book. . 

Of late years an increased amount of attention has been 
bestowed by students of mosses upon the areolation or cell struc- 
ture of the leaves, wherein are found ready and trustworthy means of 
discrimination in the absence of the fruit so rarely produced in 
many species. This principle receives full attention from tlie 
author, and will doubtless be readily welcomed by students trom 
the facility with which it will enable them to determine many a 
barren and doubtful specimen. The reproductive system or -in- 
florescence, on the other hand, is in nowise neglected, but its 
division is carried out more fully and completely than hitherto, 



248 NOTICES OP BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

with the adoption of Lindberg's arrangement, whereby instead of 
the three now familiar terms, monoieDUS, dioicous, and synoicous, 

we now have six, namely : 

1. Synoicous, which retains its old signification. 

2. Paroicous, having the antheridia naked and axillary, as in 

Bryum nutans. 

3. Autoicous, equivalent for monoicous as usually understood, 
having the fertile and barren flowers distinct, but upon the same 
stem, as B. uliginosum. 

4. Heteroicous, with both synoicous and autoicous flowers on the 

plant, as B. pendulum. 

5. Dioicous, having the fertile and barren flowers on distinct 
individuals, as in B. capillare and so many other mosses which are 
but seldom found bearing fruit. 

6. Poloicous, having both barren and fertile flowers, both on 
the same and on different plants — and this 6th section is again 
divided into three subsections. Whether this change and multi- 
plication of terms will be looked upon as anything but a doubtful 
blessing by students remains to be seen. 

In regard to nomenclature the author, following Dr. Lindberg's 
lead, adopts fully the principle of the right of priority, as already 
he had done in various articles in this Journal and in his 
* Sphagnacese.' This method has the sanction of authority, and it 
is difficult to say anything in its depreciation : a principle is worth 
nothing unless carried out regardless of convenience or consequence ; 
but there will probably be regrets at the trouble involved in the 
abolition or superseding of names grown familiar by many years 
use, for the sake of others which have fallen altogether out of recol- 
lection. It will be long a matter of difficulty and trouble to unlearn 
what has taken years to learn, and Georgia will sound unwelcome 
in the place of the long- accustomed Tetr aphis. 

These, however, are moot points, and in the presence of so 
many excellencies as the work presents it is more agreeable to 
leave them. The familiar names are given as synonyms, and col- 
lectors may use their own discretion as to whether they will at 
once adopt the new-old nomenclature, or wait till time shall have 
given it sanction, bearing the inconvenience which reformations 
must involve as patiently as they may. Apart from these ques- 
tions the work will be found to furnish them with the fullest and 
readiest means of studying and identifying the genera and species, 
the habits and structure of mosses ; and we hope nothing will delay 
the rapid progress and completion of a work of so much promise, 
for which so much, and in whose depreciation so little, is to be said. 
The large increase in the number of British species of mosses since 
the publication of Wilson's < Bryologia/ five-and twenty years ago, 
and the scarcity of that work now, have created a want which the 
4 British Moss-Flora ' is exactly and thoroughly adapted to supply- 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEM OIKS. 249 



Plants Indigenous in the Neighbourhood of Sgdneg, arranged according 

to the system of Baron P. von Mueller. By W. Woolly 
Ph.D., F.L.S. Sydney : T. Kichards. 1880. 

This small brochure of sixty pages is of more interest than might 
be suspected from its title, inasmuch as it contains the skeleton of 
an arrangement of the vegetable kingdom, differing in some parti- 
culars from those usually accepted, and partially elaborated in 
Baron von Mueller's < Native Plants of Victoria,'- of which the 
first part only has yet appeared. It may be interesting to system- 
atists to compare this with other systems, and we have therefore 
extracted the diagnoses of the main groups, under which the 
Natural Orders are arranged in a somewhat unusual sequence, the 
apetalous groups being placed near those orders to which they bear 
the closest alliance, and the Amyliferae (or Curvembryonatse) being 
brought closely together. 

The enumeration of species consists simply of a list of names ; 

the numerical result of Dr. Woolls' investigations is summed up 
thus : — 

Orders. Genera. Species. 

Dicotyledonero 83 327 804 

MonocotyledoneaB 21 137 334 

Acotyledoneffl 4 29 70 

108 423 1208 

Naturalised species 127 

Total number of species 1335 

The number of cryptogams recorded is comparatively small, 
and will doubtless be greatly extended ; we believe that the un- 
tiring Baron von Mueller has brought together much material for 
a Flora of the Australian Continent. The list of plants which 
have become naturalised in the county of Cumberland is very 
extensive and varied, amounting to about one-twelfth of the entire 

flora as here Pnmnovafo^ 



a as here enumerated. 

The following is the arrangement referred to : 



I. Dicotyledonous Plants. 

Hill 



Orders of dicotyledonous plants, which, with some exceptions, 
have disunited petals or no petals, stamens inserted on the bottom 
°f the calyx and at the base of the ovary, and the fruit free from 
the calyx. 

1. Kanunculace©. 2. Nymphaeace©. 3. Dilleniacere. 4. Mag- 
noliaceae. 5. Anonace©. 6. Moniiniace©. 7. Laurace®. 8. Mem- 
spermeie. 9. Papaverace©. 10. Crucifene. 11. Violace*. 
«• Pittosporeas. 13. Droserace©. 14. Hypericme©. 15. Poly- 



gale©. 16. Treniandre©. 17. Meliace©. 18. Eutace©. 19. Lines*. 



* Seti Ji.uru. But., 1*79, p. ;il?. 

2k 




250 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIKS. 

20. Geraniace*. 21. Malvaceae. 22. Sterculiacea. 23. Tiliaceae. 
24 Euphorbiaceas. 25. Urticeae. 26. Casuarmeae. 27. Vimlerae. 
28 Sapindacefe. 29. Celastrineae. 30. Stackhousiace*. 31. Por- 
tulacea?. 32. CaryophylleaB. 33. Salsolaceae. 34. Amaramaceae. 
35. Ficoideae. 36. Polygonaceae. 

ii. Choripetalece Perigynv. 

Orders of dicotyledonous plants with disconnected petals, rarely 
absent, or in the Lequminosa partly connected, the petals, as well 
as the stamens, inserted on the tube of the calyx, and mostly at a 
distance from the base of the ovary, fruit laterally adnate to the 
calyx, or, chiefly in the Leguminosce, free from it ; exceptions rare. 

1. Le<mminos«. 2. Saxifrageae. 3. Rosacea?. 4. Crassulaceae. 



5. Onagrere. 6. Lythracese. 7. Halorageae. 8. Myrtaceae. 
9. Khamnaceae. 10. Araliaceae. 11. Umbelliferae. 

iii. Synpetalea Perigyna. 

Orders of dicotyledonous plants with connected (or rarely 
absent) petals ; these as well as the stamens are inserted on the 
tube of the calyx, and at a distance from the base of the ovary, or 
the stamens are affixed to the petals, fruit literally adnate to the 

calyx, exceptions rare. 

1. SautalaceaB. 2. Olacineae. 3. Loranthaceae. 4. Proteaceae. 
5. Thymeleaj. 6. Rubiaceae. 7. Caprifoliaceae. 8. Passifloreae. 
9. Cucurbitaceae. 10. Compositae. 11. Campanulaceae. 12. Sty- 
lideae. 13. Goodeniaceae. 

iv. Synpetalea Hypogyna. 

Orders of dicotyledonous plants with connected (rarely a^ent) 
petals ; these inserted at the bottom of the calyx, stamens affixed 
to the petals, fruit laterally free from the calyx, exceptions rare. 

1. Gentianeae. 2. Loganiaceae. 3. Plantaginese. 4. Pnmu- 
lacese. 5. Myrsinaceae. 6. Sapotaceae. 7. Ebenaceaa. 8. Jas- 
mineae. 9. Apocynete. 10. Aselepiadeae. 11. Convolvulace®. 
12. Solanaceae. 13. ttcrophularinae. 14. Lentibularinae. 15 - Blg " 
noniaceie. 16. Acantkaceae. 17. Aspenfoliae. 18. Labiatae. 
19. Verbenaceae. 20. Myoporinae. 21. Epacrideae. 

v. Apetalm GymnospermM. 

Orders of dicotyledonous plants, without calyx and petals, with 
stamens inserted in the bract-like receptacles, and with rudimentary 
style and stigma. 

1. Coniferae. 2. Cycadeae. 

II. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 

i. Calycerr Perigyna. 

Orders of monocotyledonous plants, with stamens inserted on 
the tube of the calyx, and at a distance from the base of ti 
ovaries ; fruit laterally adnate to the tube of the calyx, exceptions 
rare. 

1. Orchide®. 2. Irideae. 3. HydrocharideaB. 4. Amaryllises 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 251 

11. Calycece Hypogyna. 

Orders of monocotyledonous plants, with stamens inserted on 
the bottom of the calyx, and near the base of the ovary; fruit 

lateral v ire* frnm tl->n n „1„, — ..-x: J ' 



j „ * ,, — J ' "^ui* mc uaoc ui me ovary iruit 

laterally free from the calyx, exceptions rare. 

1. Liliaceae. 2. Philydreae. 3. Xyride*. 4. Commeline*. 



o* v T ^?aceae. 6 ' Lemnace «- 7. Alismaceffi. 8. Naiades. 
9. Xerotideffi. 10. Palm®. 11. Aroidea*. 12. Junce*. 13. Bes- 
tiaceae. 14. EriocauleaB. 15. Centrolepides. 



ni. Acalycea Hypogna. 

Orders of monocotyledonous plants without a calyx, with sta- 
mens (in bisexual flowers) inserted at the base of the ovary, and with 
fruit adnate to or free from its glumaceous bract, exceptions rare. 

I, Cyperaceae. 2. Graminaceae. 

III. ACOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 

(Species only partially known). 

h Cb - araceffi - 2 - Marsileaceae. 3. Lycopodiacese. 4. Filices. 
&. Musci. 6. Lichenes. 7. Fungi. 8. Algsa. 

J. B. 



English Plant- Names from the Tenth to the Fifteenth Century. By 

John Earle, M.A. Oxford, at the Clarendon Press. 1880. 
12mo, pp. cxii., 122. 

A Dictionary of English Plant-Xames. By James Bbitten, F.L.S., 

and Bobert Holland. Part ii. London, English Dialect 
bociety (Triibner). 1880. 8vo, pp. 197-364 (G— 0). 

The first book on our list is a welcome addition to our literature, 

°v no means too ample, of the Saxon names applied to various 

plants, native and foreign, of the period mentioned. As might be 

supposed, from the author being Professor of Anglo-Saxon at 

Uxlord, the philological rather than the botanical element is 

Preponderant ; but a real appreciation of the charm of plant-lore 

or its own sake is throughout very plainly to be seen. After a 

°ng introduction of more than a hundred pages we find the 

louowing vocabularies :— I. Liber Medicinalis, a Translation of 

Apuiems Medaurensis de Virtutibus Herbarum. II. From 

June's Vocabulary. III. An anonymous list, of the Tenth or 

^leventh Century. IV. From the Eoval Library, Brussels. 

v. .brom iElfric's Grammar. VI. Trilingual Vocabulary of the 

^nrteenth Century. VII. Fifteenth Century. VHI. From a 

F2r male ab ° Ut the Same date - IX ' From a Pictorial Vocabulary, 
f r e " tu Century. An Appendix follows, containing extracts 

wh^l , c ^ a y ue ' s Leechdoms, certain Notes, and three Indexes, 
A In author, preserving the form now usually confined to 

-liitliematics, calls Indices : these consist of Latin, Saxon and 
English, and French Plant-names. 

use f e f mS stran £ e tnat tlie author should not have made more 
°f the material ready to hand. From a single reference to 



252 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

Dr. Prior's " Popular Names of British Plants" we infer that that 
work was known to the author, but he seems not to be aware of 
Britten and Holland's 'Plant-Names' ; but as the main object of 
the work is to print the vocabularies, and not to determine the 
species, it might seem hypercritical to insist on this item. 

There are a few things we may indicate, as not being quite as 
we should like them. We find the spelling of certain authors' 
names varied, thus, Caesalpinus and Caesalpin, for Cesalpini ; 
Gerarde and Gerard, the latter correct ; Gaspar Bauhin rather 
shocks our ideas, — as a Zurich man, he was either Caspar or 
Kaspar, translated as Casparus, and Gaspard. The English olive 
is closer to the Latin oliva than ele beam, which the author adduces 
as the bridge from one to the other. 

" Obstrutium ; Saponaria officinalis ? Imperatoria ostrutium ? * 
(sic) is the sort of error sure to creep in when the author is more 
of a philologist than a botanist. But these slight demerits do not 
greatly mar the value of the work as a whole. Every person who 
cares for the early familiar names of plants in this country would 
do well to possess this little volume. 

We are glad to see Part ii. of Britten and Holland's ' English 
Plant-Names.' The first part was noticed in the Journal soon 
after it appeared (1879, pp. 92-3), and due recognition was given 
of the special qualifications both authors possess over most of 
their predecessors. The copious cross-references will move many 
readers to thank the compilers for their care in this particular. 
We are very pleased to find that the third and final part will not 
be long delayed, and with it an introduction and a complete index, 
which will supersede the temporary indexes hitherto issued with 
each part. B. D. J. 



Although rather after date, it is well to put on record that a 
very useful catalogue of works on Tropical Products and Economic 
Botany, classified and alphabetically arranged, was issued as a 
Supplement to ' The Colonies and India ' for the 22nd of last 
November. The titles are arranged under the following headings :— 
Applied Botany and Economic Products (Cinchona, Cochineal, 
Cocoa, Coffee, Cotton, and other fibres); Forestry and Forest 
Products (Eucalyptus, Gutta-percha, India-rubber and other Gums, 
Indigo, Mahogany, Oak, Olives, Oranges, Palms, Pines, Silk, 
Sugar, Tea, Tobacco, Vine Culture, and Vines). These subjects 
are followed by a catalogue of the books arranged alphabetically 
under the authors' names. 

The ninth Annual Report (1880) of the South London Micro- 
scopical and Natuml History Club contains a list of the 
Phanerogamia, Filicales, and Characea3 of the district, by Messrs. 
Henry and James Groves. The authors say that it "is not put 
forward as an all-complete 1 t of the flowering plants of the 
district, but merely a collection of casual notes, and it therefore 
rives no negative evidence. Many common plants have escaped 
noting in some or all of the districts where they undoubtedly 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 253 

occur ; but we have thought it necessary to confine the list strictly 
to actual notes taken by members until a detailed account of the 
Flora shall be published, when authorities for the records can be 
cited." The list shows the distribution of each species through the 
five sub-districts, three being in Surrey and two in Kent, into which 
the S. London district has been divided for the purpose of field work ; 
a good map, showing these divisions, is also issued by the Club. 

We would direct attention to an interesting series of papers on 
the early history of the l)iatomacea y by Mr. F. Kitton, which i> 
now appearing in ' Hardwicke's Science -Gossip.' 

We have received from Messrs. Cassell ' The Field Naturalist's 
Handbook,' by the Rev. J. G. Wood and Theodore Wood. It 
contains lists of the plants hi flower in each month, with their 
respective habitats. It would be well, however, that this portion 
of the work should be revised by some botanist practically 
acquainted with British plants : we are not accustomed to see 
Achillea serrata and A. tomcnUma classed as such, although they 
were at one time reported as occurring in England ; the spelling 
of the Latin names, too, might be more accurate. 

M. Willkomm, who has just completed the ' Protlromus Florae 
Hispanicae,' announces the publication of a series of figures of new 
or rare plants described in that work or recently discovered in 
Spain and the Balearic Islands, under the title, " Illustrationes 
Florae Hispanicae insularumque Balearium." Each part will contain 
ten quarto plates with accompanying letterpress, and will be pub- 
lished at 12s. ; the first part will appear during the present autumn. 



Wilkinson's 'Desert Plants of Egvpf to which reference was 
made in our last number. It bids fair to be a very interesting 
work. We omitted to mention that it will be published by Messrs. 
Bulau & Co., Soho Square. 

Othkr New Books.— F. de Thuemen, « Contributiones ad Floram 
Mycologicam Lusitanicani,' Series 2 (Coimbra).— E. Haeckel, 
'Catalogue raisonnee de Granhnees du Portugal '(Coimbra). 
— H. van Heurck, « Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique,' Fasc. i. 
Raphidees (pt. 1). (Anvers). 7 fr. — J. Earle, 'English Plant- 
Names from the Tenth to the Fifteenth Century ' (Oxford, Clarendon 
Press).— A. DeCandolle, ' La Phytographie ' (Pans, Massoii). 10 /,-. 
— N. L. Marchand, ' Botanique Cryptogamique Pharmaco-Medicale 
(Paris, 0. Doiii,, fasc. 1, 4 />.— A. Prazmowski, ' Untersuchungen 
uber die Entwickelungsgeschichte mid Fermentwirkung euaiger 
Bacterien-Arten * (Leipzig, Voigt.) — W. Woolls, 'Plants Indi- 
genous in the neighbourhood of Sydney' (Sydney). — Saint ; lager, 
'Reforme de la Nomenclature Botanique' (Lyon). — A. Gremu, 
' Neue Beitriige zur Flora der Schweiz.' Heft. i. (Aarau). — L. V. 
Baltzer, • Das Kvff heauser Gebirge, in mineralogischer geogno- 
sticherund botanischer Beziehuug' (Nordhausen, Eigendorf ).— A. 
Hausen, 'Die Quebracho-Rinde," tt, 3 (Berlin, Springer).—! . p/rrr, 
'Simvurvvo /Uo T?v,™,vr,o -L, P„vi« ' tt. 12 (Paris. Lechevaher), BJr. 



254 notices of books and memoirs. 

Articles in Journals. 



May. 



(Esterr. Bot. Zeitschrift 



Roiipa: — S. Schulzer, 'Mycological Notes' (concluded) (Dadalea 
polymorpha, Schulzer, olim Ceriomyces terrestris. 1 tab.) — H. Wawra, 
'On Bromeliaceee ' (continued) (Quesnelia lateralis, Q. strobilospica, 
Q. centralis, Q. Angustocoburgi, spp. nn.) — L". de Vukotinovic, 'New 
forms of Croatian Oaks.'— F. Antoine, 'South Australian Weeds.' 
— C. J. v. Klinggraff, 'Palestine and its vegetation* (contd.) 

Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Botany).— Ser. 6, torn, ix., No. 4. 

Ch. Flahault, 'On the modifications of Vegetables ' (concluded). 

June. 
(Esterr. Bot. Zeitschrift.— E. de Halacsy, * Thlaspi Goesingense,' 

n. sp.— F. Krasan, 'On plant-distribution in the districts of Gorz 
and Gradisca.' — H. Wawra, ' On Bromeliaceaj ' (contd.) — V. v. 
Aiclnnger, 'Ascent of the Hohe Kugel.' — J. Wiesbaur, 'The 
Violets of the Bisamberg, near Vienna.' — F. Antoine, ' South 
Australian Weeds ' (contd.) — G. J. v. Klinggraff, ' Palestine and 
its vegetation ' (contd.) 

Flora.— H. von Lone, ' On the development of the endogenous 
organs.' — J. Muller, ' Lichenological Contributions,' no. xi. 
(numerous new species and forms). 

Naturalist (Huddersfield).— J. E. Griffith, ' Flora of Carnarvon- 
shire and Anglesea' (contd.) 

Hardwicke's Science- Gossip. — F. Kitton, 'The early history of 

the Diatomace ffi ' (contd.)— M. H. Bobson, 'The salmon disease' 

(Sapro legnia ferax) . 

Botanische Zeitung.—R. Stahl, ' On the influence of direction 
and intensity of light on several phenomena of motion in the 
Vegetable Kingdom' (concluded). — W. Woronin, 'Vaucheria 
Debaryana, sp n. (1 tab.).-E. Haeckel, 'On the flowering of 
grasses. — H. Bauke, 'Drawings of prothallia of Ferns,' with note 

uy J. Sachs. — A . ile Bo™ iw n o -i • 



by J. Sachs— a. ue xsary 
H 



Hedmgia.—G. Warnstorf, 'Excursions in the Lower Harz' 
(concluded). 

American Naturalist.— C. E. Bessey, ' The supposed dimorphism 

ol Lithospermumlongijlonun: 

Magyar Xoreyta ni Lapolc.—'Qn the foundation of a central 
Botanical Institution.'-Ch. Mika, 'On the vegetation of the baths 
of Hercules near Mehadia.' '~ ~ ' 



Plantse 



TW f neM Meliadia -' ~ (Supplement) A. Kanitz, ' 

Bomaiiue hucusque cognit® ' (contd!) 

hnJtfS!" ° f T't[ re !> B »tanical ( 1nl,—D. C. Eaton, ' New or little- 
Known Jen of the United States' (Northolmm Lonmoni, sp. n.)~- 
J. B. Smith, ' Woljlia gladiata, var. florid <mu.< 

a»l^/?T? Mlerwntpical, Soc. — M. C. Cooke, 'The genus 
l«»«n,l,a (1 tab.,-A. Cr.mouvNew Species of NUz^ekia ' (2 tabs.) 



255 



Jfroctttringg of ^octettes. 



Linnean Society of London. 

June 8, 1880. — Prof. Allman, F.E.S., President, in the chair. 
— The only botanical paper read at this meeting was by Mr. George 
Murray, " On the application of the results of Pringsheim's Eecent 
Eesearches on Chlorophyll to the life of the Lichen. 1 ' Summarising 
the results of Pringsheim's labours, Mr. Murray considered the 
suggestion of Dr. Vines that by the aid of an artificial chlorophyll 
screen the protoplasm of fungi might be excited to the decomposition 
of carbonic acid, and contended that this experiment is proceeding 
naturally in Lichens. He pointed out that in these organisms we 
have the fungal tissues in the body of the thallus, and the chloro- 
phyll screen in the gonidia ; and that light traversing the chlorophyll 
containing gonidia- — -often occurring as a dense layer — excites in 
the fungal tissues the decomposition of carbonic acid. In evidence 
he adduced the plentiful occurrence of starch, or rather lichenin — a 
substance of the same chemical composition as starch (C 1 2 H 1 o 1 o ) 
and formed from it by the action of the free acids of the plant. 
In conclusion he submitted that this process tended to explain the 
nature of the consortism of the fungal and algal elements in the 
Lichen, and thus to support the views of Schwendener. In the 
discussion following, Messrs. Bennett, Carruthers, and Stewart, 
and Professors Duncan and Greene took part. 

June 17, 1880.— Prof. Allman, F.R.S., President, in the chair. 
The following gentlemen were elected Fellows of the Society : 
the Eev. H. G. Bonavia Hunt (Trinity Coll., Lond.), H. N. Moseley, 
F.E.S., the Kev. A. Merle Norman (Durham), and E. A. Webb 
(of Turnham Green). — Dr. E. C. A. Prior read a letter from a 
correspondent concerning the rare case of a Mistletoe found parasitic 
on a Mistletoe. — Mr. E. M. Holmes exhibited microscopical slides 
of Polynphoniafastigiata showing the trichogyne still remaining 
attached to the young cystocarp and antheridia on the same 
branches. The occurrence of both antheridia and cystocarps on 
the same plant is rare in this species, which is usually dioicous.— 
Mr. Charles Stewart showed, and made remarks on, some 
microscopic sections of the growing point of Cham and of the 
common ash. — No botanical papers were read at this meeting. 
The President in a few parting remarks closed the session. 



Botanical Netos* 



Baron H. F. A. von Eggers, to whose ( Flora of St. Croix we 
referred at p. 93, is contemplating an organised exploration of the 
West Indian Islands, with the view of thoroughly investigating 
{heir natural history. He hopes to secure the subscriptions of 
botanists to sets of dried plants which it is intended to prepare at 



256 BOTANICAL NEWS. 

the rate of twelve dollars and a half per century for Phanerogams, 
and ten dollars for Cryptogams. His address is — St. Thomas, 
West Indies. 

Dr. M. C. Cooke has entered upon his duties as Cryptogamist 
attached to the Kew Herbarium ; he will take charge of the 
non- vascular Cryptogams. 

The Herbarium of Dr. Samuel Goodenough, sometime Bishop 
of Carlisle, has been presented by the Corporation of that town to 
the Kew Herbarium. It consists mainly of garden specimens, 
many obtained from Kew at the time of his residence at Ealing 
between 1780 and 1800, but contains also some interesting types — 
among them those of the plants figured in Shaw's ' Travels' in 
Barbary and the Levant, and of his own papers on British Car ices 
and Fuci, published in vols. ii. and iii. of the Linnean Society's 
' Transactions ' (1794-97). 

^ * 

We are glad to announce the formation of a Natural History 
Society for Oxfordshire, the object of which is the thorough 
investigation of the flora and fauna of the county. Prof. M. A. 
Lawson and Mr. H. Boswell are Presidents of the botanical 
section, the former undertaking the Phanerogams and the latter 
the Cryptogams ; Mr. Or. C. Druce being the Hon. Secretary. 
Mr. Druce asks us to state that he is collecting material with a 
view to the publication of a Flora of Oxfordshire, into which the 
MS. material brought together by the late Alfred French will be 
incorporated ; and he will be glad to receive notes relating to the 
plants of the county; his address is 118, High Street, Oxford. 
This Flora will be the more interesting, inasmuch as we have at 
present no complete enumeration of the plants of either of the 
counties— Bucks, Berks, and Oxon— included in Mr. Watson's 
sub-province of West Thames. 

Mr. William Andrews, of Dublin, died on the 11th of last 
month, at the age of seventy- eight, having been born at Chichester 
m 1802. Although his labours, especially of late years, were 
mainly devoted to marine zoology, he published several papers upon 
Irish plants; and his name is commemorated in the variety 
Andreusil of Triehomanes radicam (of which he was the discoverer), 



Saxif) 



ilin 



Natural 



We understand that Mr. Bichard Kippist, after half-a-century 
of devoted service as Librarian to the Linnean Society, has retired 
from that office. The appointment to the vacancy thus caused 
will be made by the Council in October next ; written applications 
should be addressed to Mr. B. Daydon Jackson, at Burlington 
House, Piccadilly. 

We shall be grateful to the Secretaries of local Natural History 
Societies if they will forward us any notes of botanical work done 
by their respective bodies, or published reports containing anything 
relative to local British Botany. 



257 






#tigmal gftticUs* 



CILEGIA FLOEiE SINENSIS : DIAGNOSES OF NEW, 
AND HABITATS OF EAEE OE HITHEETO UNEE- 
COEDED CHINESE PLANTS. 

By H. F. Hance, Ph.D., Merub. Acad. Nat. Cur., &c, &c. 



V. 



1. Clematis (Vitirella) leptomera, *p, nov. Caule scandente, 
ramis gracilibus tonientellis sulcatis, foliis v. sinipheiter ternati- 
sectis v. petiolo medio pari segmentorum adauctis petiolo wepe 
volubili segmentis tenuiter raembranaceis glabris hnean-lanceolatis 
obtusiusculis mucronulatis basi rotundatis v. obhquis mtegemims 



antibus 6-18 lin. longis 2-3 lin. latis petiolo 1-2* Jin. petioluhsque 
l*-8i lin. longis fultis, pedunculis axillaribus umflons folio cure. 
aequilongis rigidis erectis infra medium bracteas binas sessiies 
ovatas obtusiusculas 5-6 lin. longas gerentibus, sepalis 6 oblongis 
acutis extus minute sericeis tenuiter trinerviis nervis extrorsum 
ramulosis 8-9 lin. longis 4-6 lin. latis stamina 4-plo superantibus, 
filamentis complanatis antherisque iis triplo brevionbus glabemmis 
ovariis plurimis villosissimis stigmate apiculatis stamnnbus tf-4-pio 

* • 1 



brevioribus. 
In conv 



juxta urbein 



W 



(Herb, propr. n. 20799.) f . , , . flAW1 . nllT1J i 

Allied to the Indian C. cadmia, Ham., which has more com ound 

leaves, with wider segments nearly resembling the bracts, ancueiy 

short filaments. .. . ., o„j e a oHculus 

Note—In the character of C. Stomach*, in the 8id & "cuius 
of these « Spicilegia,' the anthers were by a slip of the pen, 
erroneously described as "filamento triple krevionbu . { Jomn 
Bot.,' n. s., vii., 104.) For the latter word, « longionbus should 

be substituted. T „ ti,. ~ p \, \ rcA 

2. Clematis patens, Morr. & Dene.? In pre*. Hu-peli, circa 

oppidum Ichang, vere 1879 coll. T. Watters. , 1^1,^0 

I suppose this is a wild form of the above W 8 'j^£ 

I believe, only found in Japan, as it agrees very ^ sve f*f»™ ter Q 

The leaves ai4 dry and membranaceous, the petals less than an 

inch in length, and the peduncles are bractless. 

8. Isopyrum adoxoides, DC. In collibus Feng-wangjhan pio . 

Kiang-su, d. 22 Aprilis 1877 leg. P. B Forbes. I am not a*.ue 

that this has been met with before out of Japan. 

P*o*ia albifiora, Pall. In monte Siao Wu-tai nm, unm* 

bor., m. Jul., 1876, coll. W. Hancock. Though Bunge^vanet. 

n. s. vol. 9. [Septembek, 1880.] 



258 SPICILEGIA FLOKiE SINENSIS. 

trichocarpa, with hairy fruit, more or less pubescent foliage, and 
rose-coloured or purplish flowers, of which I have a Jehol specimen 
from the Abbe David, is apparently not uncommon in Northern 
China, I do not think the typical Siberian form, with white 
blossoms and perfectly smooth leaves and fruit, has been before 

recorded from China. 

5. Schizandra [Spharostema) japonica, A. Gr. — In collibus Feng- 
wang-shan, juxta Shanghai, Maio 1877 detexit am. Forbes. 
I have never previously seen specimens gathered south of Peking. 

6. Jefferso)na m a rich u dens is, mihi (== Pleujtorhegma dubiiun, 
Maxim.) In Manchuria australiori, juxta Portam Coreanam, m. 
Aprili 1876 tlorentem legit Rev. J. Ross. Folia juniora basi 
cordata, auriculis ssepe incumbentibus apice e lata emarginatura 
mucronulata, marginibus irregulariter angulatis ; petala oblonga, 
obtusissima, basi in unguem brevem angustata. 

The genus Plagiorhegma was founded by Maximowdcz on young 
fruiting specimens of this plant, with which, as he subsequently 
discovered, he had inadvertently mixed up flowers of something 
quite different. Though still without flowers, the writers of the 
* Genera Plantarum' confidently reduced the genus to Jeffersonia, 
and in this they were followed by Baillon (Hist, des Plantes, hi. 
59) ; and this decision is now fully confirmed by Mr. Ross's 
rediscovery. The young leaves differ a good deal from the full- 
grown ones on the authentic specimen I received from M. Max- 
imowicz ; but this, judging only from Prof. Gray's plate (Gen. 
N. Amer. PL, i. t. 34), — for I have only an old fruiting specimen 
in my herbarium, — is in a less degree the case in the American 
species. I have been compelled to alter the specific name, as 
there is nothing at all doubtful about the affinity. 

7. Corydalis (Capnoides) suaveolens, sp. nov. E rhizomate 
cylindrico fibras undique emettente erecta, ramosa, glaberrima, 
foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis ternatim bipiunatisectis superiori- 
bus^ brevius petiolatis bipiunatisectis petiolis basi stipulaceo- 
auriculatis laciniis ovali-oblongis acutis basi cuneatis supra hete 
viridibus subtus glaucescentibus dentatis v. subintegris 2-10 lin. 
longis, racemis laxiusculis 5-12 floris demum elongatis, bracteis 
cuneato-oblongis inferioribus dentatis summis integris pedicellos 
subduplo superantibus, floribus horizontaliter nutantibus, sepahs 
min utis transverse oblongis denticulatis, corolla calcare incluso 
pollicaris petalo superiore galeato violaceo in calcar ipso aequilongum 
apicis uncinatum acutiusculum attenuato lateralibus brevioribus 
apice cohcerentibus albis apice intense purpureis cum inferiore 
concavo deflexo staminibus connatis, siliquis immaturis anguste 
hm nbus polyspermis ereetia pedicellum paulo excedentibus, 
sti-mate complanato-dilatato basi auriculato. 

In prov. Cantonensi, secus fl. North Eiver, m., Jan. 1879 
legit Dr. C. Gerlaeh. (Herb, propr. n. 20775.) Flores llcliotrnpiiitn 
vel Vanillam fragrant. 

A well-characterized bpecies, perfectly distinct from all the 
East-Asiatic ones with which 1 am acquainted, or can find 
described, and equally so from those of the Himalaya ; worthy of 



I 



SPICILEGIA FLOR.K SINENSIS. 259 

cultivation, as well for its tender green foliage and pretty variegated 
flowers, as for the delicate scent they exhale. 

8. Moricandia sonchifolia, Hook, f., /3. homaophylla, var. nov. 
Tota planta quani in typo gracilior et hmnilior, pilis brevibus 
passim puberula, foliis omnibus conformibus basi auriculatis 
medio ad costam usque sectis utrinque lobis 1-2 linearibus iutegris 
basi adnatis patentissimis auctis lobo terminali triangulari dentato 

basi truncate 

In collibus Feng-wang-shan, Apr. 1879, F. B. Forbes. (Herb, 
propr. n. 20736.) This is the plant noticed by Mr. Hemsley 
Journ. Bot.' xiv. 207.) It has so very different an aspect 
rom the typical form, which also occurs in Kiang-su, owing to its 
much smaller size, puberulous stem, leaves, and calyx, and the 
curiously-shaped leaves, that at first I thought it must be distinct. 

9. Hypericum Ascyron, Linn. Ad ripas fl. Siang, reg. sept. 
prov. Hu-nan, in humidis, sest. 1878 coll. Bullock. The moat 
southerly station known to me for this species. 

10. Euonymus Forbesii, sp. nov. Glaberrimus, ramis subtetra- 
gonis cortice fusco obductis, foliis late ovatis basi rotundatis apice 
caudato-acuminatis calloso-mucronatis margme lncumbenti-glandu- 
loso-serrulatis tenuiter membranaceis in sicco flaventibus utrnupie 
opacis concoloribus tenuiter pennivenhs ac luci obversis reticulatis 
2-2± poll, longis 15-16 lin. latis petiolo 5-6 hneah, cyuiis 
pedunculo communi 5-6 lin. longo rigido fultis 7-floris flore 
centrali solitario lateralibus ternis pedunculo 3-lmeah divaricato 
omnibus pedicellis 2 lin. longis impositis tetramens 4 lm. diametro, 
sepalis suborbiculatis, petalis in sicco flavidulis oblongis mtegerninis 
calycem duplo excedentibus intus basi minute papulosis, stannnilms 
disco duplo longioribus antheris fusco-purpureis, stylo comco 

staminibus breviore. . ■ . . . -, 1Q 

In collibus Feng-wang-shan, ditionis Shanghaiensis, d 13 

Maii 1877 florentem invenit am. F. B. Forbes. (Herb. prop. n. 

20762.) . . i ■, 

Though its fruit is unknown, this appears certain y quite 
distinct from any of the East-Asiatic or Japanese species hitheito 
described. It seems in some respects near E. omkyOu., Jttg, 
which, however, has slender elongated cymes, P^ m «°^^f £ 
shorter stamens, and different coloured foliage. It is also allied to 

the Peking E. Bungatnus, Maxim. Frutesceil s, ramuhs 

11. Tripterygium Buixockii, sp. wn- ** „ Uo •' w v itor 
tetragonis verrucosis ferrugineo-tomentelhs, foliis a lteims tester 
petiolatis eUipticis obtuse acuminatis serrulatis J a ter ^ nervo s 
tenuissime strigillosos utrinque glaberrflms, pa^a termmah 

petalis obWis denticulatis, stigmatibus 6, fructibu* nnmaturis 



3-alatis basi obtusiuscuhs apice acutiusculis. 

In collibus demissis secus fl. Siang, reg. bor . p iov. Hunan, 



ffist. 1878 legit am. Bullock. (Herb, propr. n. 20b W.J 

A very Interesting .plant. The only oOw. ^™ ^X 
found both in Formosa and Japan, has son e*l a f 1 ™ 
shaped leaves, and only three stigmas; and he ti ut is ^eep^ 
emardnate both at the base and apex, as m Dclwa . mom, bum. 



260 SPICILEGIA FLORAE SINENSIS. 

12. Dodonaa viscosa, Linn. Circa Anioy, ipse legi, m. Oct. 
1857 ; juxta Swa-tow invenit Sampson. A small-fruited, nearly 

oblong obtuse-leaved form. 

13. EuscapJris staph yleoides , Sieb. & Zucc. In collibus Feng- 
wang-shan, ditionis Shanghaiensis, m. Aprili 1877 coll. am. 
Forbes. I do not think this has been recorded before from China. 
Baillon refers this to Loureiro's hitherto unrecognised genus 
Tricerosy to which he also reduces Turpinia. 

14. Indigo/era atropurpurea. Ham. In provincia Cantonensi, 
juxta pagum Fuk-wing, m. Junio 1855 coll. Eev. B. Krone. 
Now, I believe, first recorded from China. 

15. Millettia (Eumillettia) cognata, sp. ?iov. Frutescens, 
ramulis glaberrimis, foliolis 5 ovato-oblongis obtusis v. obtuse 
acuminatis creberrime reticulatis prater costam nervosque subtus 
strigillosos glaberrimis, panicuke laxie velutinae ramis divaricatis, 
floribus semipollicaribus dilute purpureis, calyce sericeo-tomentosa 
breviter dentato pedicello vix longiore, ovario petalisque glabris, 
alis dimidiato oblongis obtusis carinas cymbiformi sequilongis, 
disco conspicuo. 

In colhbus demissis ad fl. Siang, regione septentrionali prov. 
Hu-nan, *est. 1878 coll. T. L. Bullock. (Herb, propr. n. 20708.) 

Very closely allied to ill. reticulata, Benth., and M. Championi, 
Benth. It differs from the former in the much paler flowers, and 
in the fewer leaflets, which dry of a bright green, not a blackish 
hue ; from the latter by the colour of its flowers, which are nearly 
half as large again ; from both by its sericeo-tomentose calyx. 

16. Desmodium (Dendrilobiion) cephalotes, Wall. In ripis 
devexis fluvii West Biver, provinciae Cantonensis, primus legit 



Sampson, Julio 1870. 



etroflexim, DC. In collinis circa 



Cantonem et Whampoam haud rara. Exhales, when dry, a 
powerful odour of liquorice. 

18. Desmodium (Nicolsonia) trichocaulon, DC. Circa Amoy, 
ipse legi Octobri 1857; ad Sai-chu-shan, prov. Cantonensis, m. 
Augusto 1862 coll. F. Parry. 

19. Potentilla Wallichiana, Del. In alluviis fl. West River, 
prov. Cantonensis, inter Kun-hii et Tsz-tung, d. 27 Febr. 1809 
leg. Sampson. This is the typical plant, with pedate leaves, as 
figured by Lehmann (Eev. Potent., t. 34) ; not P. Kleiniana, Wt ; , 
which occurs in Japan, and with which this is united by Sir 
Joseph Hooker (Fl. Brit. Ind., ii., 359). 

20. Rosa macrophylla, Lindl, In monte Po-hua-shan, China* 
bor., alt. 5000 ped., d. 19 Jan. 1875 coll. Dr. O. a Moellendorff. 
For the determination of this I am indebted to Prof. Crepin. Found 
previously in Kan-su by Przevalsky, and North China by Pere 
David. (Crepin, Prim, monogr. Eos., fasc. 3, 871*) 

21. Bom ackulam, Lindl. In m. Siao Wu-tai-shan, Chmse 
bor., m. Julio 1876 coll. W. Hancock. An addition to the 
Peking flora. 

22. Sportella ataluntioides, Hance. Copiose prope Kwei-yang, 
metropolin prov. Kwei-chau, m. Jan. 1880 coll. W. Mesny. 



SPICILEGIA FLORAE SINENSIS. 261 

" Berries edible. It is said an army was once saved from starvation 
by living on them for some days." I now make the amende 
honorable to Prof. Oliver, for having ventured to dispute his 
opinion as to the position of this genus. I am at present satisfied 
he and M. Maximowicz (in his recent most interesting revision of 
Spiraacem), are correct; and I think it stands close to Cotoneaster , 

Photinia, and Ilhaphiohpis. 

23. Photinia cbenato-serrata, sp. nov. Eamis cortice griseo 
obductis, ramulis innovationibusque tomentosis, foliis meinbranaceis 
spathulato-oblongis obtusissimis retusis glaberrimis supra lucidulis 
subtus pallidioribus opacis et inconspicue venoso-reticulatis venis 
primariis ad utrumque latus circ. 15 a triente inferiore ad apicem 
crenato-serratis serraturis nempe rotundatis apice incumbenti 
(quasi ex sinubus) minute calloso-apiculatis f ad If poll, longis 
4-7 lin. latis in petiolum subbilinealem angustatis, corymbis com- 
positis literalibus et terminalibus multifloris basi foliatis, bracteolis 
linearibus deciduis, floribus longiuscule pedicellatis, calycis gla- 
berrimi lobis late semiovatis acutiusculis margine glandulis 5-7 
minutis prsBditis, petalis rotundato-elhpticis saepe emarginatis, 
staminibus circ. 20 alternis brevioribus, ovario omnino infero 
apice extus loculisque biovulatis intus albo-villosissimo, stylis 
5 liberis apice paulo incrassatis stigmatibus simplicibus. 

In prov. Hu-peh, juxta oppidum Ichang vere 1879 coll. 



T. Waiters. (Herb, propr. n. 20988.) 



This appears very distinct from any species hitherto described, 
and is perhaps nearest to P. Fortuneana, Maxim. (= Cotoneaster 
Fortunei, Wennig = (kteomeles Pyraeantha, Dene. 

24. Drosera (Rorella) indica, Linn. Circa Amoy, ipse legi m. 
Octobri 1857. 

25. Drosera (ErgaUium) lunata, Ham. Ad cacumina montium 
Pak-wan, supra Cantonem, Martio 18G8 invenerunt Sampson et 
Hance. A most beautiful plant when seen growing, as it often 
does, in dense carpet-like masses, its glandular-fringed leaves 
sparkling like jewels in the sun. I consider it quite distinct as a 
species from I), peltata, Sm. 

2G. Jussi<ea repem, Linn. In stagnis agri Cantonensis stepe 
occurrit. 

27. Acanthopanax spbwsa, Miq. In coll. Feng-wang-shan, prov. 
Kiang-su, d. 20 Maii 1877 coll. F. B. Forbes. Now, I believe, 
nrst recorded out of Japan. 

28. Abelia Haneeaw, Mart. Secus fl. North River, prov. 
Untonensis, m. Jan. 1879, fef. coll. Dr. Gerlach. It is to be 
^gretted that this species should only be known in fruit. 

29. Serissa fee tula, Comm. In collibus demissis ad fl. Siang, 
re g- sept. prov.Hu-nan, ®st. 1878 coll. T. L. Bullock. 

The branchlets in these specimens are clothed with lines of 
dense short crisp hairs, on alternate sides, running down from the 
b ase of the stipules. The leaves, too, are much larger than in any 
cultivated plants I have seen or in the wild ones I formerly 
gathered at Amoy, some of them measuring two inches in length 
b y nine lines broad. 



N 



262 SPICILEGIA FLOE^ SINENSIS 



30. Aster (Orthomeris) Gerlachii, sp. nov. Caule simplici 
angulato scabro, foliis (radicalia desimt) subflaccidis lineari-lanceo- 
latis acutis margine remotissime calloso-serrulatis in petioluru 
marginatum sensim cuneato-attenuatis griseo-pallidis supra opacis 
glabriusculis subtus lucidulis subtrinerviis nervis lateralibus juxta 
medium anastomosantibus cum costa iis validiore subtus prominulis 
ac setulis scabris, corymbo fastigiato subsimplici 10-12 pephalo 
ramis basi et saepe medio bracteatis, involucri squamis triseriatis 
in&qualibus (seriebus scilicet gradatim minoribus) oblongis obtusius- 
culis pneter carinam totis mcmbranaceis ciliatis, radiis . albis, 
corollarum disci tubo limbum dilatatum requante, pappi setis 
scabridis parum inasqualibus sordide albis apice hand clavellatis 
corollae limbo asquilongis, receptaculi alveolis margine lacero- 
dentatis, aclisenis angusto compresso li§ lin. longo pilis albidis 
nitentibus obsito. 

In prov. Cantonensi, secus fl. North River, in. Jan. 1879 collegit 
Dr. C. Geiiach. (Herb, propr. n. 20793). 

This interesting plant has so strong a resemblance to A. riigu- 
losus, Maxim., and the sister species A. acuminatus, Miehx., that 
any botanist would at first sight feel sure of their being immediate 
allies. But both those species belong to a group of Orthomeris 
which may be called alba (cfr. Torr. and Gray, Fl. N. Amer. ii. 
160), in which the sockets of the receptacle are entire, the aehsenia 
perfectly smooth, and the pappus-bristles clavellate. The present 
plant falls into another group of the same section, acuminata, 
which has the alveoli conspicuously toothed, the set^e of the pappus 
filiform, and hairy achenes. Its nearest ally I take to be the some- 
what variable A. tatariciis, Linn, f., from which it may be at once 
distinguished by its habit, the peculiar colour of its far smoother 
leaves, their very conspicuous attenuation into the stalk, the simpler 
corymb, smoother and less herbaceous involucre-scales, the longer 
narrower achene, and the non-rufescent pappus. I have compared 
it with a considerable suite of allied species, and have no doubt of 
its autonomy. 

81. Gnaphalium japemicum, Thunb. In collibus Feng-wang-shan, 
prov. Kiang-su, d. 13 Maii 1877 coll. F. B. Forbes. I cannot 
find any prior record of the existence of this species in China, 
though its distribution would of course have led us to expect its 
discovery in the country. 

32. Senecio aryunensis, Turcz. Ad ripas lacus Tung-ting, reg. 
centr. prov. Hu-peh, aest. 1878 coll. Bullock. The most southerly 
station known to me for this species. The capitula are smaller 
than in any Peking or Manchurian specimens I have seen. 

33. Primula sinensis, Lindl. In umbrosis juxta I-chang, prov. 

Hu-peh, sub fine m. Jan. 1879 coll. am. T. Waiters, 

In this, the only wild specimen of this favourite plant I have 
seen, the flowers are smaller and the leaves much less toothed 
(resembling indeed rather those of /'. cortusoides, Linn.)» than in 
cultivated ones. 

(To l>e continued )• 



263 



BOTANICAL BIBLIOGKAPHY. 
By W. P. Hiern, M.A., F.L.S. 

The benefit conferred upon botanical science by the publication 
of the two editions of the < Thesaurus literature botanical of Pritzel 
strengthens the appetite for further information of the same kind. 
It may be too much to expect, but it is by no means too much to 
desire, that in addition to what can be obtained from the title-page 
and the numbers of pages and of plates (if any) of a book, certain 
explanatory or corrective particulars should, where necessary, have 
been supplied in the 'Thesaurus.' It is true that occasionally 
such particulars have been added, but there is a craving for more. 
When a book has been issued in parts, the dates and quantities of 
the parts should, if possible, be given ; and when two or more 
authors divide between or amongst them portions of a book, it 
would be useful to indicate what portions are authoritatively due 
to each, especially in those cases where there occurs an incidental 
author whose name does not appear on the title-page. Consider, 
for example, the 'Flora} Senegambiae tentamen' of Guillemin, 
Perrottet, and A. Eichard, volume i., a work of which the date on 
the title-page gives the range of years 1830—1833. This is the only 
volume of the book ever published, and all the authors have been 
dead for several years ; the details of authorship for all the natural 
orders comprised therein, except one, are indicated by names given 
at the end of each order ; of the forty-five orders, thirty-five and 
part of another are due conjointly to Perrottet and Guillemin, the 
arrangement of these names being sometimes reversed ; eight and 
a part are due to A. Eichard ; and one order is without signature. 
From internal evidence it appears that the work was issued in 
parts, but the sizes of the parts and the several dates of their 
publication cannot be ascertained from the book itself. "Why 
cannot these particulars be obtained from other sources, and given 
for the information of botanists ? 

In like manner, the three published volumes of the ' Flora 
Capensis ' of Harvey and Sonder are severally dated on the title- 
Pages 1859-18G0, 18G1-1862, 1864-1865 : the separate authorship 
of each natural order is plainly stated at the head of each order. 
The preface at the commencement of each volume is dated in the 
later year of the two included on the title-page; so far as I can learn 
°n enquiry in Dublin (the place of publication), the volumes were 
ttot published in parts : thus the ranges of years given on the title- 
Pages appear to be delusive ; it may perhaps turn out that the 
volumes were passing through the press in the course of those 
years. It wou ld be important to remove doubts of this kind and to 
place on record a clear statement of fact about them. Another 
class of inaccuracies or omissions ought to be exposed or supplied, 
plating to the false dates printed upon the parts of the journals or 
transactions of learned societies, or to the absence of any precise 
«ates. Not unfrequently the date on a part is given as the end of 



264 BOTANICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

a month or year (a favourite time with the editors), whereas the 
part was not ready till the early portion of the following month or 
year ; an excuse has been pleaded that from the nature of the case 
it has been necessary some days in advance of the time of actual 
publication to fix the date to be printed on the part, and that the 
unforeseen delay of some days will occasionally occur. This excuse 
fails and becomes untenable when, on the completion of the volume, 
the same errors are repeated and reprinted, for at that time it is 
positively known that some of the dates given are false ; it is 
defensible only on the unprincipled ground that consistency and 
firmness are more important and more desirable than truth and 

accuracy. 

Mr. B. Daydon Jackson has already in the 'Journal of Botany 1 
alluded to a common trick that publishers have of post-dating 
books : a case of this occurred with the first part of Peters' 
Mozambique Botany, the date on the title-page of which is 1862; 
but on consulting the preface of the second part it is learnt that 
the former part really appeared at the close of the year 1861. 
Mr. Jackson's researches, relating to the dates of Sir J. E. Smith's 
articles in * Bees's Cyclopedia,' supplied a want previously much 
felt, and for them the thanks of botanists are due to Mr. Jackson 
and to the ' Journal of Botany.' 

The ' Botanical Magazine ' is usually quoted by the number of 
the plate without reference to the volume ; the numbers of plates 
contained in a volume and the intervals of time between the 
completion of the volumes are not constant. A scheme, showing 
the numbers of the plates published during each year since their 
commencement in 1787, would be useful ; I have prepared one for 
my private use, and could print it if thought necessary. 

In the case of those serial publications which have appeared 
with some regularity throughout a long course of years, an 
algebraical formula may be constructed, and would be useful to 
those botanists who have not ready access to the complete work 
and are not too much prejudiced against the employment of 
anything like a mathematical expression. For example, take the 
'Annales des Sciences Naturelles,' which consists of five series, 
commencing in the year 1824. For the first series, the volumes, 
whose number is expressed by 3n + l, 3n+2, 8n+8, bear the 
date expressed by the formula 1824 +n ; for the subsequent series, 
the number of the series being expressed by r+1, the volumes 
whose number is expressed by 2n+l, 2w+2, bear the date 
expressed by the formula 1824 + 10 r+w; this holds good up to 
the tenth volume of the fifth series, the date of which is 1869 ; one 
volume annually has been since published. 

In the case of the 'Journal of Botany,' the formula would give 
for the nth volume of the original series the date of the year 
expressed by 1862+n, and for the second series 1871 +n. 



265 



ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEAEUM HEEBAEII 

WELWITSOHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 

Auctore S. Le M. Moore. 

(Continued from p. 238.) 

Barleria, L. 

B. Prionitis, L., var. — Calycis seguientis parvis ovato-lanceo- 
latis brevitcr acuniinatis. 

Hab. Circa Loanda sine loci inclicatione. (Nos. 50G7, 5090) 
itaque circa Loancla. 

B. cyanea (sp. nov.) — Caule ramoso tenui obsolete quad- 
rangulari puberulo niox glabro albiclo striato, foliis parvis lineari 
oblanceolatis obtusis brevissinie petiolatis scabriusculis subcoriaceis, 
floribus solitariis breviter pedunculatis, bracteis minimis linearibus 
juxta medium pedunculum insertis puberulis, calycis laciniis ex- 
terioribus fere sequalibus ovato-lanceolatis obtusiusculis integris 
decoloribus eximie nervosis appresse strigoso-pilosulis basi pube- 
scentibus interioribus comparate magnis lanceolatis acutis nervosis 
appresse strigoso-pilosulis, corollie tubo limbum sub&quante tenui 
basi parum ampliato extus et intus basin versus pubescente limbi 
patentis lobis subsequalibus obovatis crebre nervosis extus 
puberulis, staminibus 4, 2 minimis et filamenta subulata basi 
pubescentia coronantibus staminodio filamenta staminum minorum 
aequante ac iis consimili, capsula . 

Hab. In dumetosis arenosis rupestribusque prope Quitibe de 

Cima prope Bumbo distr. Mossarnedes. (No. 5002.) 

Species nulli affinis forsan cum B. acanthoidi, Vahl comparan 
debet, ab ea vero multis de notis abhorret. 

Fruticulus deeumbenti-ascendens rigide elasticus. Folia vix 
usque ad 2-5 cm. long., plerumque circiter 2-0 cm. Braeteie 
0-3 cm. longitudine, rigidiusculse. Calycis lacinne exteriores 1-2 
cm. et interiores circiter 0*8 cm. long. Flores intense c&rulei. 

B. Kirldi, T. And. , „ 

Hab. In dumetis sylvaticis inter Lopollo et Catumba. (Wo. 

5048.) J 

The bracts of our specimen are smaller and less deeply incised 

than those of the type, but I think the plant must be referred 

here. 

B. violascens (sp. nov.)— Caule subtereti prater secus duas 
taeas oppositas glabro, foliis vix sessilibus lanceolatis acutis 
coriaceis crebre reticulato -nervosis glabris, floribus in axillis 
superioribus solitariis necnon in glomerulam brevem termmalem 
dispositis sessilibus, br cteis linearibus quani calyx brevioribus, 
calycis laciniis exterioribus subiequalibus ovato-lanceolatis glabris 
et precipue apicem versus ni<no-punetatis lacinia antica brcvitor 

2-lob5, L>h; t , JLa: • ...x. ~ ° \i,:i^ a lomniis hiteralibus lineari- 



2 H 



266 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM 



lanceolatis acuminatis exterioribus plus quam dupto brevioribus 
baud induratis glabris, corolbe tubo fere imifornii limbi lobis ovatis 
microseopice crenulatis, staminibus 2 staniinodiis 3 sub&qualibus 
minimis subulatis exantheriferis, capsula ignota. 

Hab. Prope Erne distr. Huilla necnon in dumetis editis de 
5000 ad 5300 ped. in Morro de Lopolo. (Nos. 5015, 5016, 5028.) 

Caules patentes, levifcer flexuosi. Folia ad 5 cm. long, et 1 cm. 
lat. Bracteie 1-5 cm. longitudine. Calycis lacinia postica 2*5 cm. 
et lacinke laterales 1-1 cm. long. Corolla albid.e in violaceo- 
cseruleam tendentis limbus 2-5 cm. diam. 

Species B. polyneura, nob. arete afiinis sed prrecipue ob folia 
lanceolata et calycis laciniam anticam 2-lobani lateralesque Laud 
induratas aliena. 

B. polyneura (sp. nov.)— Caule obsolete tetragono prater lineas 
duas oppositas pubescentes glabro, foliis integerrimis subsessilibus 
lanceolato-ovatis superioribus oblanceolatis obtusiusculis utrinque 
eleganter reticulatis subcoriaceis glabris nigro-punctatis, floribus in 
axillis superioribus positis vel ramulos terminantibus, bracteis 
parvis oblanceolatis vel lineari-oblanceolatis induratis, calycis 
lacinia antica membranacea ovata minutissime ac imequilateraliter 

t T • • • 

2-dentata quam postica etiam membranacea paullo majore lacmns 
lateralibus lineari-lanceolatis decoloribus induratis, corolbe tubo 
leviter ac gradatim ampliato calycem paullo excedente limbi lobis 
subrequalibus ovatis obtusis, staminibus perfectis 2, staminodns 
milii obviis nullis, capsula oblongo-ovoidea subcarnosa rugosula 
glabra superne in rostrum obtusum ipsi lequilongum contracta 
2-sperma. 

Hab. In sylv. locis apricis petrosis inter lacum Ivantala et 
QuUongues. (No. 5029.) 

B. Mackenii, Hook. f. ab hac abhorret foliis angustioribus 
baud coriaceis minus eximie reticulatis secus nervos appresse 
hirsutulis nequaquam punctatis, bracteis minus rigidis, calycis 
paullo majoris lacinia antica firmiore ac inconspicuis dentate ac 
secus nervos appresse hirsutula laciniisque lateralibus pubescen- 
tibus vix induratis, corolla majore, necnon staminodiis nisi 
fallor dicens haec plantse nostra? deesse. B. Mackenii capsula 
itaque 1-5 cm. longitudine, longius rostrata, pubescens, coriacea, 
plana. 

Herba radice lignescente polycephala perennis, - pluricaulis 
caulibus prostrato ascendentibus. Caulis passim pallide rufus vel 
violascens, internodiis quam ii B. Mackenii multo brevioribus 
(4-0 cm. in exemplariis nostris nunquam excedentibus). Folia 
ad 6-0 cm. long, et 3*5 cm. lat., exstant vero minora: petioli 
brevissimi, lati. Bractese ad 1-5 cm. long., persistentes. Flores 
albi, tubo purpurescente. Calycis lacinia antica 2*0 cm. long., 
1-3 cm. lat., b; i 3 apice 2-nervia, minute reticulata, sub fruetu 
nrnpliata. Corolla vix 3-0 cm. long. Capsula 1'2 cm. longitudine, 
nitida. 

B. alata (sp. nov.i— Ciinle ramoso subtetragoiio crebre ac 
mollikr puberolo, folii* ovatis acuminatis iutogris in petiolum late 



HERBARII WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 267 

alatum desinentibus pagina superiore obscure scabriusculis nitidis 
inferiore ad nervos appresse hispidulis, floribus axillaribus solitariis 
breviter peduuculatis, bracteis parvis linearibus viridibus, calycis 
lacinia antica quaui postica vix inajore oblongo-ovata apice inte- 
gerrima obtusa viridi laciniis lateralibus lauceolatis pallidis 
omnibus (sed precipue exterioribus) una cum bracteis pedunculoque 
glanduloso-pubescentibus, corollae tubo sub fauce parum ampliato 
limbi subaequalis lobis oblongo-ovatis, staminibus perfectis 2 stami- 
nodiis 3 minimis altero more B. Mackenii altius connato, capsula 
brevi eximie rostrata 2-sperma, seminibus subquadrangularibus 



inagnis. 



Hab. In dumetis rupestribus circa Barrancos de Catcte distr. 
Pungo Andongo et in sylvis umbrosis de Queta distr. Grolungo 
Alto. (Nos. 5147, 5148, 51G9, 5194, 5195.) 

B. lancifolia, T. And., proxima et diversa prtcsertim caule tegre 
pruinoso, foliis majoribus alato-petiolatis, corollaeque minoris limbo 
omnino dispari. Videtur itaque cum B. Mackenii et B. polyneura 
comparanda, sed ob folia magna alato-petiolata, bracteas calycisque 
lacinias multo minores et glanduloso-pubescentes, necnon llores 

minores primo intuitu dignoscenda. 

Herba suffruticosa basi lignescens digit crassa rauiosa caule 
ramisque supra rapes decumbento-ascendentes. Folia usque ad 
8-0 cm. long, et fere 5-0 cm. lat., petioli circiter ad 4-0 cm. 
long. BractetB 1-0 cm. longitudine. Calycis lacinia exteriores 
1-2 cm. long., radiatim nervosa, interiores carinatas acummatas 
fere duplo superantes. Corolla vix 2-5 cm. long., extrorsum 
puberula, lobi subsequales circiter 1-5 cm. long. Capsula 1-8 cm. 
long, superne dorso pubescens. Seinina circa 0-5 cm. long., 
albido-brunnea. Huic affinis exstat species sequens. 

B. Welwitschii (sp. nov.)— Caule subtereti obscure nodoso 
pubescente, foliis oblanceolatis obtusis basi longe attenuate nieni- 
branaceis fere glabris, floribus breviter pedunculate, bracteis juxta 
medium pcdunculum insertis linearibus obtusis puberulis quaui 
calyx brevioribus, calycis laciniis exterioribus fere omnino scquan- 
bua obovato-oblongis obtusis integris puberulis mterionbus parvw 
linearibus acutis decoloribus, corolla? tubo lato a basi sensim ac 
leviter amplificato limbo tubo fere aequilongo lobis rotunda is, 
staminibus 2 staminodiis 8 subajqualibus (mediano mmore) subu- 
late distantibus basi puberulis, capsula. ^-i* j„ ^: c t- 

Hab. In petrosis dumetosis inter Lombe et Qmbmde distr. 

Pungo Andongo. (No. 5091.) . . .. F ,. _ d 

Herba pedalis vol ultra. Radices rigid®, sl ^ ice % J™ a *? 
10-0 cm. long, et 2-5 cm. lat. parum nervosa. Pedunculus 3 cm 
long., puberula. Calycis lacinho exteriores 1-7 cm. ong^ Corolla 
lactea, 3-0 cm. long?, limbus ejus ultra 2-0 cm. diametio, tubus 
0'4 cm. diametro. 

B. villosa (sp. nov.)-Caule ad t-pedali teteagono gemcukto 
villosopubescente, foliis longe petiolatis ovate actum* it ba 
j;aium obHquis supra appresse pdosis -M- J^mimlnbZ 
m axillis supcrionbus plerumque J-d-nis vti 



268 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM 

bracteis linearibus obtusrasculis, calycis lacinia antica oblonga 
biloba lobis linearibus acuminatis laminrc fere seqmlongis lacimis 
lateralibus angustissimis quain exteriores circiter duplo brevionbus 
omnibus una cum bracteis villosis intus glabris, corollas tubo basi 
uniformi superue gradatim ampliato limbi lobis ovatis, stammibus 
perfectis 4, duobus minimis filamento sterili basi ampliato superne 



liliformi, capsula ignota. 



Qnilombo 



Golungo Alto. (Nos. 5070, 5071.) 

Folia 5-8 cm. long., superiora lanceolata fere sessiha; petiolus 
ad 3-0 cm. long., villosus. Spica terminalis circiter 4-0 cm. long. 
Bractese 1-7 cm. long., 1-nerviae. Calycis lacinia antica ad 1-5 
cm. long., lobi ejus 0-7 cm. long. Corolla lacteo crorulea vcl 
cyanescens tubo pallide flavescente extus pubescente. 

Ex affinitate B. opaca, Nees, quae forsan eadem ac B. ventricosct, 
Hochst. : ceterum ob vestitum, foliorum formam, bracteas longi- 
ores ac angustiores, calycis laciniam anticam longius ac diverse 
bilobam, staminum antheras minores vix cum ea conspecifica. 

B. stellato-tomentosa (sp. iiov.) — Caule erecto robusto sparsmi 
ranioso subtereti ad nodos tumido dense stellato-tonientoso setate 
glabro, foliis subsessilibus ovato-oblongis vel oblongis vel lanceo- 
latis obtusis vel stellatim pubescentibus necnon interdum supra 
fere glabris subcoriaceis paten tibus, fasciculis omnibus terminalibus 
subsplueroideis multifloris, bracteis firmis amplis extremis cordato- 
ovatis interioribus angustioribus obtusis eleganter reticularis extus 
ad nervos et marginem stellatim ac simpliciter hirsutis demum 
fere glabris intus omnino glabris, calycis lacinia antica breviter 
rcquilateraliter 2-loba lobis deltoideis obtusis laciniis lateralibus ea 
paullo brevioribus lineari-subulatis acuminatis omnibus pilis sim- 
plicibus ac stellatis hirsutis, corolla tubo satis tenui ad staminum 
insertionem pilorum annulo cincto limbi lobis ovatis obtusis, 
stamlnibus perfectis 4, 2 anther is minimis staminodio filiformi 
reliquis partibus ignotis. 

Hab. Non frequens in dumetis apertis argillaceis prope Lonibe 
disk. Pungo Andongo. (Nos. 5165, 5095.) 

Herba suffrutescens, e radice lignosa 8-4-caulis, cauhbus 
erectis. Pili omnes flavidi. Eamuli pilis simplicibus ac stellatis 
tomentosi. Folia 3-5-7-0 cm. long., juvenalia tomentosula, pilos 
fere omnes stellatos ferentia. Bractese extreme 2-0 cm. long., 
1-3 cm. lat., ex sicco ad dimidium superius purpurascentfe. 
Calycis lacinia antica 1*6 cm. long., lacinise laterales baud 
indurate. Corollas hmbo circiter 2-0 cm. diam. Flores violaeeo- 
e*erulescentes. 

Una cum J5. Hildebrandtii nob. caule robusto, foliis stellatim 
touientosis, fasciculis terminalibus pilisque dimorphis gaudet, sea 
ejus caulis crebre ramosus mox glaber cortice cinereo (in nostra 
pallide tlavido) obtectus, folia multo minora, capitula parva pauci- 
flora, bractese omnino diversre, corolla minoris lobi rotundati 
retusi, staminodia 2 filiformia. 

I 

B. salicifolia (sp. nov.)— lire eta, heterophylla, caule robusto 



i 



HERBARII WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 



269 









superne ramoso subtereti pallide fulvo-stellato-tomentoso demuni 
fere glabro, foliis firniis elongatis inferioribus breviter petiolatis 
lanceolatis superioribus subsessilibus lineari lanceolatis omnibus 
acutis margine undulatis pagina superiore appresse pilosis mox 
onmino glabris pagina inferiore albide stellato-tomentosis deindo 
pubescentibus, floribus ad apicem caulis vel ramuloruin brevmm 
fasciculatis, bracteis exterioribus oblongo-ovatis interioribus lau- 
ceolatis extus hirsuto pubescentibus intus minute puberulis 
reticulato-nervosis, calycis lacinia antica late oblonga breviter 
lateque biloba lacinia postica oblongo-ovata breviter acuminata 
quam antica paullo breviore laciniis laterahbus inclusis lineanbus 
carinatis laciniis omnibus (sed prresertim antica et postica) extus 
praseipue ad marginem liirsutis, corolla) tubo mferne tenui mox 
gradatim amplificato calycem paullo excedente lmibi lobia rotun- 
datis, staminibus perfectis 2 staininodiis 2 perbrevibus anthera 
biloba minima fortasse baud pollmifera coronatis. 



Quibinda 



etCondo. (Nos. 5102, 5103.) „,.„«„ i „ n i 

Caulis ad nodos obscure tumidus. Folia 12-0 cm long vel 
minus, inferiora 3-5-5-0 cm. superiora 2-0 cm. lat., subtus . aperte 
reticulata, petioli foliorum inf. ad 1-6 cm. long., basi dilatatu 
Bracteffi exteriores 2-5 cm. long., circa 1-8 cm. lat., firm*. Oalycis 

lobi obtusissimi. 

Prrecedenti affinis sed multis de notis dispar. 

B. punoens, L., var. viaerophylla^ees'iB. elegans, mini fa**** 

-Caule subtetragono ramoso g^ .^ »«, "X 
papuloso ad nodos pilis paucis strigosis mduto ^ ovato- an 

ceolatis lanceolatisve basi hi petiolum brevem ^*" ^™™£ 
apice breviter spinulosis margins vix mtegnj ^.^^S 
sparsim appresse birsutulis, fasciculis axillanbus ^^^SJ 
strobiliformibus multifloris, bracteis f^^SSSdSS 
sparsim spinosis fertilibus ventralibus lauceola tis recun » £™£ 
carinatis dorsalibus majoribus ovatis omnibus ^ amce rtng 
spinosis pubescentibus vel fere glabris, «*W*^ foSw 
bracteis subsimilibus extus puberulis in \Xbxta medium 
acuminatis integris pubescentibus, Jf^J^SLf lobis 
contracto superne ampliato puber u o 1 imbi s ^ ubescentibu8 
rotundatis, staminibus perfectis 2 nlamentis oasi i f ^ 

staminodiis 2 antberis minimis coronatis tertio ea rcquante nn 

capsula oblonga nitida 4-sperma. 50G8 5l2 2, 

Hab. In distrr. Bumbo ac Loanda. (JNos. ovo-t, 

511 ItaqSibi sunt obvla specimina ex iUM £!£*• "*»• 
Loando 1 a Soyaux (No. 26), et Natal a Gemu ^o Mft 

Suffrutex 2-4-pedalis. Fob* ad *0-L tag. 
plerumque vero minora. ±«is>eicuii o 0*7 cm. long, 

circiter 2-0 cm. long., dorsalmm W£S^£i. laciniis 
adjectis minimis. Calycis lacinia antica m 1 .t • cim lo^ 
iuterioribus circiter 1-0 cm. long. Corolla ,60 cm. e i 
cterulea. Capsula 1-C cm. long., apico acutata. 



270 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM. 

B. Carruthersiana (sp. nov.) — Hirsuta, caule ascendente quad- 
rangulari 0-1 cm. crasso, foliis distantibus ovato-lanceolatis in 
petiolum brevem attenuates mucronulatis in sicco pallide viridibus, 
spicis terminalibus vel axillaribus subsessilibus ovatis foliis 
brevioribus, bracteis sterilibus obsoletis fertilibus secundis ovatis 
acuminatis argute spinuloso-dentatis eleganter reticularis mem- 
branaceis, calycis segmentis exterioribus bracteis consimilibus sed 
majoribus interioribus linearibus acuminatis, corollaa tubo calycem 
vix excedente sat tenui gradatim ampliato limbi lobis ovatis 
aequalibus, staminum 2 filamentis inter se liberis, staminodiis 
subulatis basi liirsutis, capsula ignota. 

Hab. In dumetis ad sylv. oras prope Quitibe de Cima. 
(No. 5040.) 

Caulis pilos albidos breves ferens adjectis prsecipue in nodorum 
vicinitate paucis strigosis patenti-erectis : internodia ad 9*0 cm. 
long. Folia 4-9 cm. long., 2-3*5 cm. lat., maxima pro parte secus 
nervos hirsuta. Spicre 3-4 cm. long, circiter 2-5 cm. lat. Bracte© 
2-0 cm. long., vix 1*5 cm. lat., ex sicco pallide virides. Flores 
cserulei. Calycis segmenta exteriora fere subaequalia circiter 2*0 cm. 
long., extus appresse pilosa intus puberula : segmenta interiora 
1-4 cm. long., glanduloso-pubescentia. Corolbe limbus circiter 
1'4 cm. diam. Staminodia vix 0-2 cm. long. 

A B. capitata, Klotzsch, species re vera mihi descriptione 
tantum obvia, abhorret caule quadrangulari, internodiis longi- 
oribus, foliis majoribus supra in sicco baud atratis, bractearum 
sterilium absentia, bractearum fertilium fere fequimagnitudine ; a 
B. Lichtensteiniana , Nees cui proxima, caule ascendente, foliis 
diversis, bracteis, &c. 

Species dubice. 

B. sp. nov.? aff. B. acanthoidi, VahL — Foliis oblanceolatis 
acutis pubescentibus 2-5-3-5 cm. long., floribus solitariis breviter 
pedunculatis, bracteis parvis lanceolatis rigidis ad medium pedun- 
culum insertis, calycis laciniis exterioribus ovato -lanceolatis acutis 
decoloribus margine spinuloso-dentatis vel fere integris vix 1-5 cm. 
longis quam interiores lineari-lanceolata3 paullo brevioribus, floribus 
ignotis, capsula acutata baud rostrata quam calyx paullo breviore. 
(Nos. 5024, 5013.) 

B. sp. nov. aff. B. salicifolice nob.— -Glabra, caule elato, foliis 
oblanceolatis usque ad 10-0 cm. long., floribus in axillis superioribus 
fere sessilibus, bracteis calycisque laciniis exterioribus subsequalibus 
lanceolatis apiculatis circa 1-7 cm. long., flore unico baud 
examinato capsula immatura breviter rogtrata circa 0-8 cm. long- 
(No. 5102.) 

No. 5119. Specimen mancum. 

(To be continued.) ^ 



ON THE FLOKA OF NORTH-WESTERN DONEGAL. 271 



ON THE FLOEA OF NOETH-WESTEEN DONEGAL. 

By Henry Chichester Hart, B.A. 

In continuation of my former papers on this subject (see 
'Journ. Bot.' for 1879), I now beg to offer the results of my 
explorations carried on during tlie year 1879 ; from which it will 
appear that this remote and mountainous district is not without 
its fair proportion of rarities. I feel especial pleasure in being 
able to add to the list three alpine plants so rare in Ireland as 

Saussurea al/nna, Sa.vifraga hirtu, and Polygonum ririparum. 

The following are also important additions to the flora of the 
county : — Potamogeton JiUforrrm, Festuca sylcutiat, and Zostera 
nana(?) ; while, although not indigenous, the occurrence of Allium 
Babintjtonii extends considerably the known range of this nearly 
disused pot-herb. 

Altogether, since I commenced the careful investigation of the 
Botany of Donegal, I have succeeded in adding nearly 100 species 
of flowering plants and ferns to the list of the county as it stood in 
18G6, the date of the publication of the ' Cybele Hibernica.' Of 
these, the five or six alpine species considerably increase the interest 
of the flora, and place Donegal in its proper botanical position as 
the most northern in Ireland. In my previous list I enumerated 
625 species ; in the present paper there are 72 additions, making a 
total of 597 species. By the addition of a few plants which I have 
omitted from the above total as being varieties, or sub-species, the 
flora of North-West Donegal may be set down at 600 plants at the 
lowest. So little was the flora of the county known in 1866 that 
the whole number was then reckoned at 550 species, and of these 
40 have not been observed in my district. By adding tins last 
number to the GOO above given, we shall have a present total oi 
040 species, so that the entire list for the county may be expected 
to reach a total of at least 650 species. 

The following plants are additions to District 11 of Moore and 

More's ' Cybele Hibernica ': 

JThalictrum minus. f Valerianella dentata. 

*Corydalis lutea. *Petasites fragrans. 

Lepidium Smithii. [Antennaria margantacea] . 

Sagina apetala. Saussurea alpma. 

tAcer campestre. {Cichorium Intybus. 

:;: A. Pseudo-platanus. Lamium mcisum. 

tPrunus Cerasus. jLysimachia Mnnnularia. 

Eyrus Malus. Polygonum viviparum. 

Eosa arvensis. Callitnche hamulata. 

*Eibes Grossularia. +Salix Smithiana. 

Saxifraga hirta. *I*M fetidissima. 

[S. Cymbalaria] . t Allium Babmgtonii. 

tApium graveolens. Zostera nana ?). 

^Ethusa Cynapium. Potamogeton hhfornns. 

*Eetroseliuni sativum. *^ tuca sylvatica. 



272 ON THE FLOEA OF NORTH-WESTERN DONEGAL. 

IThalictrum minus, L. — Has appeared at Glenalla in cultivated 
ground in 1878, 1879. Perhaps introduced as an ornamental plant. 
Ranunculus sceleratus, L. — This plant seems to be local and 
rare ; it occurs between Aughnish Island and Whale Head, and at 
Cam Mill, near Eamelton, on the shores of Lough SwUly ; near 
Burton Port on the roadside to Kadew Strand. 

R. heterophyllus, Sibth., var. Baudotii, Godron. — Tory Island, 

E. W. Barrington ; Drimnacraig, F. 

Trollius europmus, L. — The range in my district of this most 
interesting Donegal plant appears to be as follows : — In several 
places upon the shores of Lough Gartan, and along the Eiver 
Lennan from that lake to Lough Fern ; upon the shores of Lough 
Fern, especially below Moyle, and on an island in Lough Fern ; 
along the river again towards Eamelton, but no farther than Bally 
Arr. For this information I am chiefly indebted to my friend, the 
Very Eev. Dean Gwynn. 

Papaver dubiiun, L. — Very local. Between Whale Head and 
Ball Green ; shores of Kimylough, F. 

*Corydalis lutea, DC. — Naturalised and thoroughly established 
for many years on old walls, &c, at Greenfort, in Fanet. 

Arabis kirsuta, E. Br. — Near Macamish on the point next north 
of the Fort in small quantities ; by Sheephaven, near Eosepenna, 
Carrigart. 

*Cheiranthus Cheiri, L. — Well established and abundant on Doagh 
Castle. 

Cardamine sylvatica, Link. — Glen Alia, Ballymacoole, Eath- 
mullen, &c. 

Draba verna, L. — Flowering April and August at Eathmullen, 
1879, and as late as Sept. 5 in the same year at Eosepenna, near 
Carrigart. Lighthouse at Aranmore. 

\Lepidium Smithii, Br. — Extremely rare, roadside near Manor- 
vaughan, where it may have been introduced. 

Capsella Biwsa-pastoris, DC. — Local, and in some places 
abundant; diminishing westward, where it is rare, and probably 
not native. 

Sabidaria aquatica, L. — In Lough Carban, north-west of the 

Gap of Barnesmore, Prof. E. Murphy ; accidentally omitted in my 
former list. 

Viola arvensis, Murr. (V. tricolor, L., var.)— Whale Head; 
Fanet ; Lough Fern ; F. 

F. Curtisii, Forst.— Kadew Strand, near Burton Port. Marble 
Hill Strand, in company with the variety F. Mackail. 

Drosera awjlica, Huds.— Between Bulbein Mount and Mamore 



Gap, this species is very local, and becomes rarer to the east. 

Pamassia palustru, L.— Very local. Sand hills about a mile to 
the south-east of Kincashla Tower, and along the northern shores 
of Mullaghderg Lake. On Carrick Finn Island to the west of 
Bunbeg. 

Elutine hexandra, DC— Very rare. In the Eiver Clady at the 
Gweedore Hotel. 

Silene maritima, With.— Sandy sea-shore between Aughmsh 






Aranmore. 



ON THE FLORA OF NORTH-WESTERN DONEGAL. 273 

Island and Ball Green; Carraleena, and between Bay and 
Eamelton. 

Sagina apetala, L. — Aranmore and Hornhead. 
J Lychnis (iithayo, Lam. — Carrablagh and Hornhead. This plant 
always appears most plentifully amongst the vetches, and appears 
to be introduced with them, afterwards springing up occasionally 

with other crops. 

Stellaria graminea, L.— Shore of Lough Fern, near Moyle; 
Whale Head' to the east of Eamelton ; at Ards ; abundant in 
hedges by the side of an old road at Ardromin, between Eamelton 

and Letterkenny. 

Cerastium tetrandrwn, Curt.— Macnmish Point, Lough Swilly; 

,~ w officinalis, L.— Plentiful in a marshy pool on Carrick- 

Finn Island to the west of Bunbeg. There are a couple of cabins 
closo by, and an old woman of one of them told me " it had always 
grown there." It looks native, but is open to reasonable 

suspicion. 
\Aeer campestre, L. — On an island in Lough Fern. 

*A. Pseudo-platamts, L.— In many places; and sowing itseii 

freely, especially upon peat. „ ., 

*Erodium moschatum, Sm.— Very rare, but established at Batli- 

mullen in a few places. , ., t ^,.„ 

Tnfolium medium, L.— Very local; Aranmore, by the sea- shoie, 

near Mrs. Charley's residence, both north and south ot it. 

Trifolncm procumbem, L.-Frequent. F. Accidentally omitted 

from my former Est. _ „ .. .. -j n f 

\Vicia hirsuta, Koch.-Eare. Near Eamelton by the s de ot 

the upper road to Fort Stewart ; Drumalla ; between Cam and 

Eamelton by the shores of Lough Swilly. a rridentallv 

Lathyrus macrorrhnus, Wimm. Frequent. F. Acciaenrauv 

omitted previously. . T r w- _ . vn0f ui,ip 

\PtuL (, casus, L.-On an island m Lough Pern , iodide 

near Marble Hill, Dunfanaghy ; frequent about IjjhWJ ^ 
Fanet, near Croaghross ; in many places about Lough Fein and 
Kilmacrennan, where it bears all the appearance of j a natrve. r 

Pyrus MaL, L.-In several places about Augli naga day and 
native; in the neighbourhood of Kilmacrennan , and between mat 

a 1p L S^L.-Eoadside near Eatlnnullan, weh established, 
Point, Whale Held, and near Bame ton upon the shoies lo 

Swilly; near dontallagh on Bossgull ; B^rtonPort. 

I tubus s«,,,tili*, L.— Local and rtther rare, ubj 

northern extremity of Lough Keel; spa rmglyu pon Bi ilbe. ui M 
at Ards, near the sea, upon the northern part ot me 

the " Back Strand." T men tion that the 

II fruticosus, L.-Under this name I ■ ^fy ^ 10 d N 
Prevailing forms in my district appear to be «-f«^ ? Ucat J 

& carpinifolius, W. and N., R «****»' AluleiS -' "* %' 



274 ON THE FLORA OF NORTH-WESTERN DONEGAL. 

W. and N., so far as I can identify them from Babington's 
Manual. 

Geum rivals, L. — Rare; by Ballyconnelly Bridge, Glen Alia. 

Eosa arvensis, Hilda, Very rare. Banks by the roadside dear 
Croaghross abundantly. F. 

R. tomentosa, Sm. — Common throughout the district ; but, as 
far as my observation goes, less so than R. canina, L. 

Epilobium hirsutwn, L. — Very rare. By a small stream run- 
ning to the Bottom shore below the bailiff's cottage. F. 

E. parviflorum, L. — Scarce. With the last. F. 

Circaa alpina, L. — Hills behind Sesiagh Lake, Dunfanaghy. 
Woods by Lough Gartan, near Churchill. 

Myriophyllum spicatum, L. — Lough Conny, near Milford; near 



Loughkeel Village. 



Bay. 



, Wathb. — Local. Muddy salt marshes be- 
Whale Head, and between Ramelton and 



L. saUnum, Presl. — Local. Burton Port. 

Spergula arvensis, L. — This corn-field weed is perhaps indi- 
genous ; it often appears in the greatest abundance upon the first 
breaking up and reclamation of a turf bog. 

Sedum Rhodiola, DO. — This plant increases in abundance to the 
westward; it is profusely common on Aranmore. The leaves in 
the autumn pass through all shades of purple rose and red, and in 
many places, as upon Breaghy Head, on the western face of Aran- 
more and upon Sheephaven below Ganiamore Mount, they lend a 
conspicuous glow to the cliffs. 

[Ribes Grossularia, L.— Thickets along the shore of Lough Swilly 
between Drurnalla and Fort Eoyal, with hazel and oak ; quite apart 
from existing cultivation.] 

Saxifraya hirta, Sm.— Extremely rare. I found one small 
colony of this Saxifrage in Polldoo, about two hundred feet 
above sea-level, at the south-western corner of Aranmore. Hitherto 
known only on Brandon and Galtymore. The Donegal plant is 
more hirsute than any others I have seen. 

[S. Cymhalaria, L.— Established for many years on old moss- 
grown walls near the steward's house, Glenalla.] 

S. oppositifolia, L.— Very rare and local. Abundant upon 

Bulbem Mount in Innishowen from 1300 to 1580 feet above 
sea-level. 

\Apium graveolens, L.— Very rare, and a doubtful native. Sea- 
shore between Ray and Carraleena ; marshy ground near the sea 
at Port-na-blagh, near Dunfanaghy. 

Ilvlosciadlum ochreatum, DC— This form of H. nodiflnrwn, 
Koch, grows with it by the sea-shore of Lough Swilly at Ramelton, 
both maintaining then- respective characteristics. 

i Q na l) " pinel ' a Sax, f m< J a > L -— Very rare and local. Could not in 
1878 or 1879 find this plant in the Fanet locality already given. 
It grows, however, plentifully upon sandy pastures between Burton 
1 ort and Kadew Strand, near to the latter. 

(Enantke crwata, L.— Local and rare. In several places along 



SHORT NOTES. 275 

Lough Swilly by the edge of high water mark between Ratlmmllen 
and Hay, between Ray and Ramelton, between Ramelton and 
Augnish Island, and on to Whale Head and Fort Stewart, in com- 
pany with Aster Tripolium and other maritime plants. Shore at 
Burton Port in small quantities. I have not seen it inland in 
Donegal. 

(E. Phellandrium, Lam. — Very rare. The locality given pre- 
viously for this species belongs to the last-mentioned plant. (E. 
Phellandrium grows in a ditch by the roadside between Milford and 
Glentidaly, close to Glentidaly. 

\JEthusa Cynapium, L. — Abundant about the abbey ruins at 

Ratlmmllen. 

Crithmum maritimum, L. — Local and rare. Hornhead, near the 
gap of Doon, Rev. Alex. Stuart; near Tramore Strand, and at 
Pollaquill Bay, Hornhead ; Rossgull upon Sheephaven from Rinna- 

faghla Point southwards. 

Angelica sylrestris, L. — Common. This is the most ubiquitous 
umbellifer inDonegal, occurring as it does on sea-side cliffs or on 
sea-shores, low-lying or elevated bogs, mountain streams, alpine 
gullies, or in rich pasture land. 

[Petroselinum sativum, Hoffm.— Thoroughly established and in 

profusion at Rathmullan Abbey.] 

Torilis Anthriscus, Gaert.— Though local, occurs as far west as 

Oarrigart. 

*Myrrhis odor at a, Scop.— Very rare. Eamelton Churchyard, 
the Very Rev. Dean Gwyim. Tully Churchyard; by the stream 
near Ray, remnant of an old garden. 

\Smymium Olusctirum, L.— Very local. About Ray ; Doagh Castle. 

*Sambucus Khxdiis, L.— Very rare.— Roadside banks near Losset, 
between Kilmacrennan and Churchill. 

Viburnum Opulus, L.— Local and rare. Glenalla, near the mili- 
um ; by the stream at the head of Auchterlinn; banks of the 
Lennan near Ramelton, Dean Gwynn ; south-eastern end of Lough 
Fern ; by the side of an old road near Ardromin ; Claragh. 

\Galium Aparine, L.— In an unusually wild locality on the 
western shores of the Bloody Foreland ; as a rule a weed oi cul- 
tivation. 

Valerianella olitoria, Mcench.— Very rare. Roadside at Ray ; 
on sandy pastures at Macamish Point, an undoubted native in tiie 

last-named station. , .. , 

\V. dmtata, DC— Extremely rare. Banks near the sea by 

corn-fields between Whale Head and Ball Green. 

(To be continued.) 



SHORT NOTES. 



West Sussex Plants. — Can,- stricta, Good. This plant is 
recorded for Sussex in * Topographical Botany,' on the authority 
of Mr. Borrer, but with a mark of doubt as to which division ot 



276 SHORT NOTES. 

the county it belongs. In June last I found it growing rather 
plentifully in one spot by the Kiver Adur, near Partridge Green 
(West Sussex), and this is very probably the locality in which 
Mr. Borrer observed it, as it is within a few miles of his house. — 
Carcx elonyata, L. This is not recorded for Sussex in 'Top. 
Botany. 7 Though not very common, large tufts of it occur at 
intervals along the banks of the Wey and Arun canal between 
Billingslmrst and Loxwood. This canal, which is now disused, 
is rich in Ca rices, and I collected along its banks C. Bnnnin*/- 
hanseniana, C. axillaris, and a subcrespitose form of C. acuta with 
some leafless sheaths at the base of the stem. Without offering 
any opinion as to whether Carex Bcmninghauseniana is a cross 
between C. remota and C. particulate, as has been supposed, I may 
remark that the latter plant does not occur along the eight or nine 
miles of the canal which I traversed. — Chara mucronata, Br. I fear 
this plant will not again be seen in its old station. Mr. Borrer 
found it in a ditch near the lock, West Grinstead. Since the 
railway has been built, the coal-traffic on the Eiver Adur has 
ceased, and the lock alluded to has long been permanently open. 
The consequence is that the river now merely runs along its bed 
some eight feet below the level of the adjoining meadows, nearly 
all the ditches in which have accordingly become dry, and many, 
no doubt, filled up. — Chara prolifera. I looked for this for a day 
and a half in the marshes about Brookside, Henfield, the only 
English station for which it is recorded, but without success. 
These marshes are, however, of considerable extent, and are 
intersected by such numerous dykes that it is quite possible that 
this species may still be found here, but it can only occur very 
locally. Lower down the river- valley, near Bramber, Chara fa'tida 
var. papillata occurs. This is already recorded for East Sussex 
(among other counties) by the Messrs. Groves. In order to 
prevent future misunderstanding as to their nativity, I may add 
that Euphorbia pseudo-cyparissias and Equisetum sylvaticum occur as 
escapes from Mr. Borrer's garden.— W. H. Beeby. 



POTAMOGETON LANCEOLATUS, Smith, IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE. I 

gathered specimens of this plant from a ditch on Burwell Fen, 
Cambridgeshire, on August 4th. It was growing in one place 



wi 



It matches 



the Kew Herbarium specimens exactly. — Arthur Bennett. 



C sia obtusa, Lindb. (p. 243).— In addition to the station men- 
tioned by Mr. George Stabler for this new species, may be 
mentioned Glen Finnan, Inverness, Dr. Carrington, July, 1876; 
Cader Idris, Merionethshire, W. H. Pearson, July, 1876; Loch-na- 
ar, Aberdeenshire, J. and T. Sim, August, 1876; Cader Idris, 
Merionethshire, E. M. Holmes, August, 1878; Llanberis, Car- 
narvonshire, E. M. Holmes, August, 1878; top of Bnowdon, 

< rnaarronshire, J. 11. Byrom, J. Neild, and W. II. Pearson, June, 
lbbU.— W. H. Peakson. 



SHORT NOTES. 



277 



Centunculus minimus, L., in Warwickshire.-- The first record 
I find of the occurrence of this plant in Warwickshire is a manu- 
script note in a copy I have of the ' Botanist's Guide,' 1805, which 
is as follows:—" Centunculus minimus, Bull's field and near Moor 
Hall, Sutton Coldfield. J. P. Cottage, Atherstone." My copy of 
the ' Botanists' Guide ' formerly belonged to a Mr. Power, who, I 
am informed, was one of the Professors of Cambridge University. 
The next record is from Oversley Wood, near Alcester, where it was 
found by Mr. T. J. Slater during a visit he and I made to that 
place in August, 1878. During the present month (August) I have 
bad the pleasure of finding the plant in a third Warwickshire 
babitat, in damp sandy drives in a wood near Combe Abbey. In 
both the above localities I find it associated with Pepfa 1 ortula 
and Sagma apetala. This is an additional county record to those 
given hi Mr. H. C. Watson's 'Topographical Botany.— James ih. 

Bagnall. 



Potentilla Sibbaldi, Holler fil. - It appears that this is the 
correct name of the plant which British botanists usually call 
Sibbaldia procumbent, L. Mr. J. T. Boswell Syme (now J. 1, 
Boswell), in < English Botany,' vol. hi., pp. 142-8 >, reduced Sibbahha 
to a subgenus of PotenMa, styling our plant P. Sibbahha, ascnbmg 
more than enough credit to William Wilson for pointing out the 
insufficient characters by which the present species had been made 
the type of a new genus and separated from Pfntdla .^SJ. 8 
remark was published in Hooker's ' British Flora, ed. L (1830), 
1>. 148, and remained unaltered through all the Buceesave nrfitaaM 
-a period of thirty years. Grisselich, however, h^P*™* 
made the same reduction in his comparatively unkno, n work, 
' Kleine botanische Ochriften' (1836) Sir J. I). Hooker* the 
first to revive the name at the head of this note in Jfe Floi *J* 
British India,' part v., p. 345 (recently issued, but not *«)» ™ 
he is followed by Dr. Aitchison in his paper on the ™*»™I 
Kuram Valley,' in the last number of the ' Journal of the ' I™» 
Society.' The name Potentilla procuwbe, W>- Clairv., g ve n m toe 
'Students' Flora,' ed. h., p. 120 (1878), is untenabl > ^use 
already appropriated by Sibthorp, <F1. Oxon, p. 162 gWJ). J 
take the following to be a correct statement so far as it goes . 

Potentilla Sihkddi, Haller fil. (1820). 

Syn. P. procumbent, Clairv. 1811), non Sibth 
y P. Sibbaldia, Grisselich (1836), Syme (1864). 
Sibbcddia procumbent, Linn. (1753). 
•B. Daydon Jackson. 

Polygonum MARrnuuM, L., in West ^^Eoofl 
nising with Mr. Balis for a day in Falmouth ^J 1 * ^^ 
found a specimen of Polygonum mantunum m**> rftt e^^ 
beaches near there. This is interesting, as extend i g «££»» 
attribution of this plant in Britain No dm ibt ad the i c bee n 
more time to enable u, to search other Similar *&*™ ai0Uud > 
other specimens might have been lound.-JAMEs Uboves. 



278 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 



Notices of Boofts antt fifrtmoiv*. 



g> 



La Phytograplde, on Vart de decrire les vegctaux considered sous dif events 

point* de rue. Par Alph. de Candolle. Paris : Masson, 1880. 
8vo, pp. xxiv., 484. 

lUforme de la Nomenclature Botanique. Par le Dr. Saint-Lager. 

Lyon : Eistor, 1880. 8vo, pp. 155. 

Proserpina. Studies of wayside Flowers, while the air was yet pure 

among the Alps, and in the Scotland and England which my 
father knew. By John Euskin. Orpington. Vol. i. [1874-] 
1879. 8vo, pp. 287. 

We have here grouped under one heading three works of 
very different aim and character, whose claim to be considered 
together is that each is concerned with the names given to plants 
by botanical writers. 

M. De Candolle's book is very pleasant reading. In going with 

the author through his various subjects, we are conscious of being 

conducted by a guide whose long experience, exceptional trainin_ 

and philosophical method of looking at things, signally qualify 

him to point out the best way for future botanists to take when 

working at some branch of descriptive Botany. The author does 

not attempt to lay down any rules for investigating vital phenomena, 

the growth of particular organs, and general physiological problems ; 

his experience having been chiefly gathered in other channels, he 

was perfectly right to confine his remarks to ground so familiar 

to him, and about which his observations would tell with greatest 
effect. 

After some general preliminary remarks, the relative amount of 
publicity to be attained by publication in journals, transactions, or 
separate treatises is discussed; next, the use of Latin for descrip- 
tions is urged, not at all too strongly; then we find hints as to 
methods of working and recording, passing on to the treatment of 
natural groups of plants, and how they should be described. 
Nearly thirty monographs are cited by name, and separately 
criticised or praised, and local floras afterwards receive their share 
of praise and blame. Next in order we find rules submitted to 
regulate our choice of terms in drawing up the descriptions them- 
selves, which rules we would commend to the thoughtful considera- 
tion of many botanists of the present day who appear more careful 
to coin their own special names than to simplify nomenclature and 
reduce it to its lowest terms. 

The terms glaucus and pruinosus, lanceolatas in its sundry different 
shades of signification, and the much debated sinistrosum vel 
de.rtrosum volubili$, are next brought into the arena. The conclusions 
arrived at are consistent with Limiams's definition, " Sinistrosum 
hoc est, quod respicit sinistrum, si ponas te ipsum in centro 



lUin 



»» 



Phil, lot., p. 103 (1751). Mathematicians may object to some of 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS 



279 



the arguments, but will assent to the results, although many 
botanists have adopted the contrary method ; the whole gist of the 
matter is the direction of looking either up, or down the axis. The 
last is that practically advocated by M. L>e Candolle, although the 
plan adopted in Bentham and Hooker's ■ Genera Plantarum ' is 

the contrary. 

Next in order, microscopical observations, style in descriptions, 

abbreviations, orthography, and so on, are handled, bringing us to 
the chronological account of plant description, only sixteen pages 

in length, but very suggestive. m 

The second part consists of " Preuves des descriptions/' and is 
certainly the most important part of the book ; the mam portion 
is devoted to an alphabetical list of botanical writers, with a record 
of the present situation of their types of species. Here we must 
close our brief recapitulation of the contents of a volume which 
offers on every page temptation for extended digression. 

The second volume in our list is the production of a diflerent 
stamp. It is the work of a classical purist who would unhesi- 
tatingly alter every botanical name, generic and specific alike, 
which does not square with the canons laid down by the author. 
In our opinion Linnaeus exercised great discretion m not dealing 
too harshly with many of the names which had been consecrated 
by long usage ; but Dr. Saint-Lager laughs such temporising 
latitudinarians to scorn ; he would entertain no pity for the names 
he includes in his black list, such pity as the Congress of 18G7 
so weakly showed. Here is a sample of the names recommended 
in lieu of those still in common use : 

iEsculus Hippocastanum , to b 

Antirrhinon (sic) Asarina 

Asplenon (sic) Nidus 

Cactos (.sic) Opuntia 

Carex dioica .... 

Glypeola Jonthlaspi 

Datura Metel . 

Glechoma hederacea 

Kleinia Anteupliorbium . 

Lamium Orvala 

Lathyros (sic) Aphaca 

L. Nissolia .... 

Melaleuca Leucadendron ^ . 

Narcissos (sic) Pseudo-narcissus 

Orobanche Eapum . 
0. Scahiosae . 



>' 



?) 



?? 



>j 



>> 



?j 



>> 



" 



>? 



*? 



?> 



" 



M 



?> 



M. castanea. 

A. quinquelobatunx 

A. neottium. 

C. opuntius. 

C. dioiscostrongyla. 



D. metelia. 



lyp 



Ranunculus Flannnula . 
Viburnum Lautana 

Zizyphon (sic) Jujuba 

Zygophyllon (sic) Fabago 



?? 



> ? 



?? 



51 



yj 



Glechonion hederaceum. 

K. anteuphorbia. 

L. phalacranthera. 

L. tilipetiolatus. 

L. foliaceopetiolatus. 

Meladendron leucocladum. 

N. granditlorus. [non Sati*l>.] 

0. sarothamnophyta. 

0. scabiosha>rens. 

E. lanceolatus, C. Bank. 

V. lentum. 
Z. jujubum. 
Z. J'abagineum. 



Home of the names lure proposed for adoption reca l those 
proposed by C. E. AV. AYatkins, -Late Cap am m the Bombay 
" " in his ■ Principles and Eudiments of Botany (18o8). 



Ai 



:my 



280 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

Examples: 

Adenikona instead of Adenanthera. 
Afallantlms „ Aphyllanthus. 
Dirythmse for the Sweetwilliam. 
Zygofallae instead of Zygopliyllura — (p. 13). 

The airy manner in which Dr. Saint-Lager proposes to constitute 
new generic names, as Glechonion and Meladenrfron, as well as to 
set aside names like Anteuphorbium and Aphaca, which were 
perfectly well known as single names long before Linnaeus came 
into existence, shows his eminent unfitness for universal censor- 
ship. The comparison between such names as " Sulphate d'Epsom " 
and "Arsenitede Scheele ' with modern botanical nomenclature 
is singularly unapt ; the names given by the herbalists of the 
Middle Ages indeed might be adduced as their phytological equi- 
valents. More than enough has been said on this head; the book 
is worth reading by those who are careless in name-making, but it 
is fortunately powerless to set aside accepted nomenclature ; what 
Salisbury could not do, seventy years ago, will not be accomplished 
now by Dr. Saint-Lager. 

Some apology may be expected for introducing here the singular 
production of Mr. Euskin ; nevertheless the step from our last book 
to this is not so great as might be thought. But whereas Dr. Saint- 
Lager mostly kept within limits respected by botanists, Mr. Euskin 
at once breaks out of bounds. With his accustomed fluency he runs 
on, heaping abuse upon " unscholarly botanists" who call a plant 
this or that, and then passing on to praise Linmeus's language, 
all the while unknowing that the latter was responsible for nearly 
everything that rouses his indignation. A few excerpts will display 
the author's peculiarities better than a long description : 

"I do not care much to assert or debate my reason for the 

changes of nomenclature made The most gratuitous 

is that of 'Lucy* for * Gentian,' because the King of Macedon, from 
whom the flower has been so long named, was by no means a 
person deserving of so consecrated memory."— (p. 161.) 

" Names with the feminine termination 'a,' if they are real 
names of girls, will always mean flowers that are perfectly pretty 
and perfectly good (Lucia, Viola," Margarita, Clarissa). Names 
terminating in 'a,' which are also accepted names of girls, may 
sometimes be none the less honourable (Primula, Campanula), 
but for the most part will signify either plants that are only good 
and worthy in a nursy sort of way (Salvia), or that are good 
without being pretty (Lavandula), or pretty without being good 
(Kalmia). But no name terminating in 'a' will be attached to a 
plant that is neither ^ood nor pretty."— (pp. 204-5.) 



* [Tt seems hardly right to include Viola in this category. " Boullay 
discovered in the root, leaves, Bowers, and seeds [of Viola odoratal an alkaloid, 
resembling the cmeHa of ipecacuanha, which he termed violin*. This alkaline 

principle was found by Ortila to be an energetic poison. It may probably prove 
to be identical with emetia." Bentley and Tiimen'i ■ Medicinal Plants,' t. 20.— 
Ed. Journ. ]>ot.] 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 281 

And before writing the foregoing Mr. Buskin actually took the 
perfectly needless trouble of begging that his names might be 
quoted as "Art. Scliol. Oxon." The illustrations are fragmentary, 
but charming, and the only part to which we can allot ungrudging 

praise. B. D. J. 



ra of Plymouth : an account of the Flowering Plants and Ferns 
within twelve miles of the town; with brief sketches of the 
topouraphy, geology, and climate of the area, and history of 

local botanical investigation. By T. E. Archer Biuggs, F.L.S. 
With map. London, Van Voorst. 1880. pp. xxxv., 432. 

This latest addition to our list of local floras— the result of the 

is in every 



dilierent 



sense worthy of the high anticipations which had been formed 
regarding it. British botanists have long known Mr. Bnggs as 
occupying a foremost place in the rank of critical investigators of 
local botany ; and it is not too much to say that they will find in 
the 'Flora of Plymouth' the fullest justification for their opinion. 
Since the commencement of this Journal in 1863, Mr. Bnggs has 
from time to time published in its pages contributions to our 
L — riedge of the plants of Devon and Cornwall, with especial 
ence to those of the neighbourhood of Plymouth ; he has been 
?ing together patiently and unobtrusively every scrap ol 



bringin 



ranging together patiently ana uiiuuuusivcijr c »^j — -*. 
information which could be brought to bear upon the subject ; 
and the result is a volume which will long remain a model tor tne 



writers of local floras. 



uers oi iocai noras. „ ,, . , , ■ ■, 

It may be well to draw attention to a few of the points which 
seem to us especially noteworthy. Prominent among these is tne 
fact that the author himself is personally responsible lor the great 
bulk of the information as to local distribution. This was ot 
course rendered possible by the small area embraced by the flora— 
an area even smaller than appears from the title, inasmuch as < 
large portion of the southern half of the radius is occupied by the 
sea-but it adds materially to the value of the work Small as 
the area is, however, it affords scope for division into **J**™+ 
each being the basin, or a portion ot the basin, of a separate rver 
two of these districts are in the sub-province of East , Coi wall 
the remainder in South Devon. The introduction contam a 
sketch of these districts, with lists of the plants pecuha ^^ to each, 
and a summary of the number of species, types of distribution, ft©., 

^•-^p nametl in th? . London ^atalogue of 

British Plants' 873belong to Plymouth. V^T***™** 
these will be found numbered and given m the Flora. They aix , 

%?*. ramosus, P. hirtifolius, 11. mutatnhs and Jtomx ng** 

The last is a recent addition to the British hst, an £ *«J^* ** 
mserted for reasons that will appear on referring to ^e ieweu ivt 
notices of them These four plants brmg up the numbei o 
Plymouth spec's to 877 Two species of the London Cat. ogue 
Volygala oxyptera and P. depressa, are united with I. mUgaru. 



282 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

Taking this into consideration, the actual number of plants 
common to the Plymouth and British list is 875. Three firmly- 
established introductions, Geranium striatum, Petasites fragrans, 
and Linaria supina, appear in the Flora with full particulars; 
but as they are among the " Excluded Species" of the 'London 
Catalogue ' they are not numbered, and of course do not enter 
into this summary. For a like reason Valerianella eriocarpa is 
excluded. in the calculations, though admitted into the work in the 
same way as the three others. Of the 877 Plymouth species the 
five following are probably extinct, as they have not been seen for 
many years past : — Nasturtium palustre, Yicia bithynica, Comarum 
palustre, Veronica Anagallis^ and Euphorbia platyphylla* The 877 
species are divided as follows, with reference strictly to the area : 



Natives - - - - 728 
Denizens - - - - 48 
Colonists - - - . 48 



Aliens 37 

Casuals - - - - 16 



877 



"As regards relative frequency they stand as follows, but of 
course there are some species which might be placed almost 
indifferently in one or the other of the lists : — 



Very common - - 248 

Common - - - - 159 

Rather common - - 114 

Locally common - 41 

Bather rare - - - 59 



Rare 98 

Very rare - - - - 153 
Probably extinct - 5 

877 



11 They come thus under Watson's 'Types of Distribution' : 



British - - - - 484 

English - - - - 220 

Intermediate - - - 3 

Scottish - - - - 5 



Germanic - - - - 16 
Atlantic - - - - 36 

764 



" The 113 remaining plants are segregates, introductions, &c, 
not classified by Watson." 

A sketch of the progress of botanical investigation relating to 
Plymouth (the first notice of a Plymouth plant being found in 
Johnson's edition of ' Gerard's Herball,' published in 1633) and a 
list of the books quoted follow ; and then we come to the Flora 
proper. In general style of printing and "get-up" the book 
reminds us of the 'Flora of Middlesex/ possessing all the excel- 
lencies which marked that great advance upon all previous local 
floras, and adding to them others which we do not find in any 
similar work. Such small details as the local names, where these 
exist, and the times of flowering are attended to with a care which 
makes one feel secure that the "weightier matters" have received 
equal attention. 

If we want to find a good illustration of Mr. Briggs's minute 
examination and critical acumen, we shall discover it in his 
treatment of the Koses and Eubi. In no local flora hitherto 
published shall we find anything even approaching the completeness 
with which Mr. Briggs has investigated the bewildering forms of 
these troublesome genera. He has evidently taken great care in 



NOTICES GF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 



283 



comparing his plants with the types of continental botanists ; many 
of the Roses, for example, have been named by Deseglise, while 
the opinions of Genevier and Focke are quoted with regard to 
many of the Brambles, not to mention authorities more familiar to 
English botanists, such as Babington and Baker. Mr. Briggs is 
no slavish follower of any of the eminent botanists we have named : 
he differs from most of them on some point or other, taking care 
to explain with characteristic modesty his reasons for doing so, 
which seem sufficiently ample. To the readers of this Journal 
from its commencement, the notes on the Roses and Rubi will be 
of especial interest, as they refer in many instances to plants 
which have been described or commented upon in its pages. 

It is not only on critical plants, however, that Mr. Briggs lias 
made useful notes : we find these scattered throughout the book. 
The following note upon Uosa micramtha may be taken as a type ot 

these : — ., , , 

" Rosa micrantha is one of our commonest roses its abundance 
being quite a noticeable feature in the local flora. The petals vary 
in colour from very light pink to rose, but seem never to have tne 
full deep rose of those of ruhbjinosa. The odour of the plant 
is generally stated to be faint ; but it can only be said to be so n 
comparison with that of the • Sweetbriar.' The fruit varies fioui 
ovate or urceolate to globose, and sometimes is sparingly setose, 
though usuaUy naked, except close to the peduncle 1 am not 
aware that the naked peduncled variety has been found a^vlieie 
else in Britain, though Dr. Christ has recorded it from ^je de 
Clanzo, near Santa Anna, on the Maritime Alps. Our P^* *w 
the sepals eglandular at the back. It does not seem to be del endent 
either on soil or situation for its peculiarities ; for it *ri**W 
often grow in the same hedgerow, and it occurs on soils ^ei«itiy 
constituted. A luxuriant form of it is the var. flv « f*akeis 
< Monograph.' The late Rev. A. Bloxam sowed seeds I e nm, 
and found it come true. M .. Deseglise pkces it ™J^"~g£3 
Leman, an arrangement that I cannot follow. ***£g£^ 



Plymouth _.. 

the < Sweetbriar ' of cottage gardens. 



11 



i ■ Sweetbriar' oi cottage garueuo. „i,. ao( i v «air1 Mr 

In comparatively small matters, as we ^™ f^j^*^ 
Briggs's careful observation is conspicuous. If he is deann * 
an alien, or a plant whose nativity m the ^t^J^^ by 
takes pains to put us in possession of the facts of rts oecm ence by 
- full description of the circumstances under i****™ ™ ™ 
d the names of the plants associated with it mindful, ^ppa 

the old adage that you may 'judge o a man by tne 
te keeps. The habitats and times o flowe g ^receiv 



a 



and 

rently, of 
company he keeps 



wmpany lie keeps, Tne iiauiw*w» ^»» „ rt „fi«notnrv of his 

similar careful treatment : we may note, as ^^bZZ 
observations, that in Cheshire and Buckinghamshire T wla M </"» 

Mta. flowers earlier than F _~£ ffi £ &> ft* Aft 

Plymouth. While on the subject of Violets *e «™y 
Plymouth Viola permixta (which here receives ^^^BrigS 
teen identified 1, v M. Jordan, the founder of the neoM l. g^gS 
adds, -The distribution of this plant in the neighbouiiiooa 



284 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

of Plymouth somewhat favours the view of its being a hybrid 
between V. odorata and V. hirta. Its scentless flowers are of a 
bright slaty blue, and make a fine show at the end of March and 

early in April*" 

To his enumeration of the Epilohia Mr. Briggs appends the 

following note: — "I believe hybrids are frequently produced among 

the Epilohia, as is known to be the case in Carchtus, Verbascum, and 

some other genera. I have frequently met with specimens looking 

like hybrids between E. montanum and E. lanceolatum growing with 

these two ; also with others apparently between E. lanceolatum, and 

E. obscurum ; and less frequently with specimens having characters 

between E. parviflorum and E. lanceolatum; and E. parviflorum and 

E. tetragonum. I have several apparent hybrids preserved in my 

herbarium. " 

As bearing out this suggestion, it may be noted that Prof. 
Haussknecht, who has lately been visiting the herbaria of this 
country in connection with his study of the genus Epilobium, has 
named specimens collected at Plymouth by Mr. Briggs and 
presented by him to the British Museum herbarium E. lanceolatum 
X obscurum, E. lanceolatum x parviflorum, and E. obscurum X 
parviflorum. Among other hybrids in the same herbarium are 
curious cultivated specimens from Mr. Watson's garden, named by 
the same authority E. palustre x obscurum; and one from the 
Cheviots, on which N. J. Winch notes, "proved by three years' 
cultivation to be very distinct from E. montanum" and which is 
named by Haussknecht E. palustre x alsinifolium. This is the 
plant from which the figure in 'Eng. Bot.' (t. 2000) was principally 
made; two of Sowerby's specimens of " alsinifolium" are named by 
Haussknecht E. anagal I idi folium and E. ahinifolium X palustre, the 
third being the true plant. 

The points which seem to us to suggest criticism are very few. 
We observe that Polygonum maculatum has attached to it, as an 
authority, the name "Dyer" in inverted commas; in this Mr. 
Briggs has (as usual) exactly followed the 'London Catalogue/ 
But a reference to this Journal for 1871 (p. 36), where this was 
first published, shows that the authority should be "Dyer and 
Triinen," the name occurring in a paper which was the joint pro- 
duction of the authors named. Although retaining it as a species, 
Mr. Briggs says, " I believe this graduates into lapathifolium, a? 
plants with characters more or less intermediate occur. I would 
regard it as a variety only." It is only fair to point out that, 
although numbered as a species in the ' London Catalogue/ its 
authors claimed for it only subspecific rank. 

In one particular only we have to complain of incompleteness; 
the two Indexes are not so full as they should be. We have never 
been able to understand why an index of genera should be 
considered all that is needed in a local flor; ; but in such a book 
as the present, where ttubm extends over twenty-two pages and 
Bom occupies sixteen, and there is in each case a good deal ot 
synonymy, a more detailed index is certainly required. Still more 
unfortunate, as it seems to us, is the omission from the Index 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 285 

of Genera of all the plants which from one cause or another are 
not admitted as belonging to the flora of the district, although 
mentioned in the body of the work ; so that we do not find in the 
index Pyrola, A&arum, Onobryehis, Polemoniwn, and many more. 
The Index of English names contains none of the genuine local 
ones which, as it seems to us, should alone have been included in 
the book, with possibly the addition of those in general use ; it is 
certain that " Fries's small-flowered Pearl wort " is no more an 
English name for Sagina ciliata than is " Bonninghausen's Sedge" 
for Carex Bccnnint/hauseniana. Mr. Briggs quotes these, and many 
equally as bad, from the third edition of ' English Botany ' ; but 
they are, as it seems to us, worse than useless, and we regret their 
presence in the book as much as we regret the absence of the local 
ones from the index. 

These minor points, however, are comparatively trifling, and in 
no way seriously interfere with the value of the book, albeit the 
deficiencies of the index make the information contained in the 
volume less easily accessible than we could wish to have been the 
case. We cannot too strongly recommend the ' Flora of Plymouth ' 
to our readers, especially to those who may be engaged upon a work 
of a similar character. J. B. 



Three pamphlets on local Botany have recently been announced 
as if they were just issued, their titles being :— 1. The Study of 
Mosses ; with a list of the Mosses of the Wrekin and its environs, 
intended as a contribution to the Bryology of Shropshire. By 
Roeeet Anslow. Wellington. 1871. 8vo, pp. 22.-2. Notes on 
Sutton Park ; its Flowering Plants, Ferns, and Mosses ; to which 
is added the Koses and Brambles of Warwickshire, By James E. 
Bagnall. Birmingham. 1877. 8vo, pp. 27.-3. A Guide to the 
Botany, Ornithology, and Geology of Shrewsbury and its vicinity. 
% William Phillips and others. Shrewsbury. 1878. 8vo, 
Pp. 65. — The ' Journal of Botany' cannot be accused of dis- 
couraging local catalogues, and our complaint is merely levelled at 
the manner of announcement, which gives the erroneous notion of 
their being recently issued. The plan adopted by such booksellers 
as Fischer, of Cassel, of giving the date of publication in each 
advertisement, is worthy of universal imitation. The second paper 
on the list was duly noticed in this Journal for 1877 (p. 224). 

The first part has just been issued of the < Arboretum Segre- 
naxmm : Icones selects Arborum et Fruticum in hortis Segreziams 
collector um.' It contains six beautiful copperplates by Biocreux 
and other artists, with descriptive text by M. Alphonse Lavallee. 
The work will form two large quarto volumes, each containing 
s ^ty plates ; a fasciculus will be published every three months, with 
descriptive text, each costing ten francs. 

We are glad to see that the ' Athenamm ' of August 14 directs 
attention to a new " departure " m the way of printing scientific 
^mes, in the last number (205) of the ' Proceedings of the lioyal 
Society.' The following sentence from p. 502 is a sample ;— " 11 



286 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

we compare the plants from the Mackenzie Eiver with the Tertiary 
Flora of the United States, which has been very thoroughly worked 
up by Professor L. Lesquereux, we find eight species in common, 
viz., Tax. (list., Sequ. Langsd., Glypt. Ung. f Cor. M'Quar., Pop. 
Richard*, Populus Arctlca, Betula macrophylla, and Platanus 
aceroides (?)" We trust that this most objectionable method of 
abbreviation will find no followers, although it has the sanction of 
our leading scientific society. 

The very cheap and handy ' Aids to Bible Students/ issued by 
Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode, contains " An attempt to summa- 
rise such information as is attainable relative to the plants of the 
Bible," by Sir Joseph Hooker. 

Referring to a paragraph, on p. 256 of our last issue, reprinted 
in the * Garden/ the Rev. H. H. Dombrain writes as follows in that 
journal for August 14: — ."In the obituary notice of my former 
associate, Mr. W. Andrews, it is stated that he was one of the 
original founders of the Dublin Natural History Society. This is 
incorrect ; he was not even a member of it until after it had existed 
two years. I have now the first two annual reports : in the first 
his name does not appear at all ; in the second only as a subscriber, 
not even a member of the council. He joined the society early, 
and gave it his hearty and generous support. Its history is simply 
this : two university students were, in the year 1838, out entomo- 
logising in the neighbourhood of Dublin, and, while discoursing on 
various matters, the idea was started of a society for the investiga- 
tion of the Natural History of Ireland, where less advanced 
naturalists might obtain information, and become better acquainted 
with one another. Of these students I was one, and my late 
friend, the Bev. B. S. Clarke, the other. The idea was taken up 
with a good deal of spirit. We commenced in a very quiet way. 
Our apartments were at first at a rope and twine shop on D'Olier 
Quay, although our first gatherings, when the society could hardly 
be said to be formed, were at Glenan's, the birdstuffcr in Suffolk 
Street. Our first year's income was £37 10s. In the following 
year our borders were greatly enlarged ; we migrated to commodious 
rooms in Great Brunswick Street. Some of the most eminent men 
of science in Ireland joined us. Archbishop Whately took us by 
the hand ; Mr. (afterwards Sir William) Wilde, Professor Allman, 
Bobert Ball, David Moore of Glasnevin, the Lord Lieutenant, the 
Provost of Trinity College, became members, and we left off at the 
end of the second year with a balance of £80. In 1841 I resigned 
my secretaryship, to which, if I remember rightly, Mr. Andrews 
succeeded ; at ty rate he became aad continued a very active 
member : but it will be seen from this that he was not one of tfc 
original founders of the society." JJy a printer's error we gave 
11 last month " instead of " last March " as the date of Mr. Andrews's 
death. 



Other New Books.—E. A. Rau & A. B. Hervey, 'Catalogue 
of North-American Musei.'— Malinvand, 'Materiaux pour l'histoire 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 287 

des Menthes,' fasc. 1 (Paris, Lechevalier, % Jr.) — G. Genevier, 
' Monograpliie des especes du Genre Buhus croissant dans le 
Bassin de la Loire' (7 /n) — E. Bucquoy, 'Herbier du jeune 
Botaniste' (fasc. 1-4, lfr. 25 c. each, Perpignan). — W. Detmer, 
* Vergleichende Physiologie der Keimungsprocesses der Sanien ' 
(Jena, Fischer). 



Articles in Journals. 

July. 

Popular Science Review. — F. Darwin, ' Climbing Plants.' 

Scottish Naturalist. — J. Cameron, * The Gaelic Names of Plants' 
(contd.) — F. B. White, ' Preliminary List of Fungi of Perthshire ' 
(contd.) 

Bulletin of the Torrey But. Club. — J. S. Newberry, ' Geological 
History of the North American Flora.'— J. Williamson, ■ Adiantum 
Capillus- 1 r meris in Kentucky.'-- -N. L. Britton, ' Northward extension 
of the New Jersey Pine Barren Flora.' 

Annales des Sciences Not. (Botany, vol. ix., Nos. 5 and 6). — E. 
Fournier, ' On the Geographical Distribution of Mexican Grasses.' 
— E. Bescherelle, ' Moss-Flora of Beunion and other South 
African Islands' (contains many new species). — P. van Tieghem, 

1 Bacillus amylobacter.' 

American Naturalist.— J. F. James, 'A Botanist in Southern 
California.' 

Naturalist (Huddersfield).— F. A. Lees, 'Mosses of the Wetherby 
District. '—J. E. Griffith, 'Flora of Carnarvonshire and Anglesea' 
(contd.) 

I 

(Efften. Bot. Zeitschrift. — F. Krasan, ' On Plant-distribution 
in the Districts of Gorz and Gradisca' (contd.) — H. Wawra, 'On 
BromdUu&t* (Vrusia PhUlopocoburgi, V. Morreni, V. Itatiatuf, 
TiUandria incana, T. globosa, spp. nn.) (concluded). — E. Rathay, 
'On the "Witchcs'-'brooni" of the Cherry-tree and Eaxmau 
Wetmeri' (n. an.) — C. Polak, 'On the forms of Eoripa of the 
Bohemian Flora.'— C. J. Klinggraff, 'Palestine and its Vegetation 
contd. ) 

Hedu-vjia. — G. Winter, 'On UreavtM and Ust&tgin**.' — P. # A. 

Karsten, ' Symbolse ad Mycologiam Fennicam' (many new species) 
(concluded). — Id., ' Pvrenomycetes aliquot novi.' 

Botanuch* Zetomg.—R. Hoffmann, ' On the Doctrine of Thermal 
Constants of Vegetation.'— C. J. Saloinonsen, 'On a simple method 
for the pure cultivation of putrefactive Bacteria.' — F. Hegelmaier, 
' On Dicotyledonous Suspensors composed of several Nucleate Cells. 
-. C Mereschkowsky, ' Observations of the movements ot 
Diatomacea and their cause.' 

Magyar Novenytani Lapok. — J. Schaarschmidt k A. Tanas, 
'Additamenta ad Algologicam Dacicam, No. V (Supplement).— 
^ Kanitz, ' Pkntte Romania; hucus<pue cognitw' (contd.) 



*v 



288 BOTANICAL NEWS. 

Xw>r. Giorn. Hot. Ital.—L. Caldesi, < Flora Faventinae tentamen ' 
(contd.)— E. de Thuemen, 'Fungi aliquot novi in terra Kirghisorum 
leoti.'— A. Jatta, ' Liclienum Italiae nieridionalis, mampulus tertius.' 
— L. Macchiati, 'Movements in stamens of Ruta bracteosa and 
Smymium rotund if olium.' 

Fl ora , —Diagnoses of Thiimen's ' Mycotheca Universalis.' 
J. E. Duby, 'New or imperfectly-known Foreign Mosses.' — G. 
Strobl, ' Flora of the Nebrodes.' 



t&otamcai Nctos* 



The Eeport for the Botanical Exchange Club upon the plants 
collected by its members during 1879 is nearly ready for the 
printer, and now that the last notes have been received respecting 
some or the referred plants, the members of the Club may shortly 
expect their return parcels. Notwithstanding the unfavourable 
state of the weather last season, there is a fair supply of plants to 
distribute, and we hope to give the readers of this Journal extracts 
from the report as soon as it is published. 

We also understand that the 1879 Eeport of the Botanical 
Record Club, Phanerogamic and Cryptogamic, is in a f orw ^ r £ 
state. It was at one time feared that the work of this useful Club 
might come to an end, but an appeal to the existing membership 
has reconstituted it, and very shortly the revised rules and list of 
officers will be issued to its members. 

We are glad to hear that the Catalogue of Vegetable Technology 
(mentioned in our last number, p. 252) is being edited by Mb. B. 
Daydon Jackson for the Index Society. It will be issued at as 
early a date as possible consistent with the extensive revision and 
additions absolutely required. 

The sixth annual conference of the Cryptogamic Society of 
Scotland is to be held at Glasgow in the third or fourth week ot 
this month ; and the usual meeting of English mycologists will be 
held at Hereford in the week beginning October 4th. 

Mr. W. Fawcett, B.Sc, has been appointed an Assistant ,in 
the Department of Botany, British Museum. The removal of this 
Department to the new Natural History Museum is now in active 
progress. The official title and address of the new building is, 
" British Museum (Natural History), South Kensington, S.W. 

A complete ' Catalogue of the Diatoinacese ' is announced for 
publication, by Mb. Frederick Habibshaw, F.R.L.S. }^ J? 
appear in four parts, large octavo, and will be published in New 
York ; the price, to English subscribers, is 5s. 4d. per part. 



THE 



BOTANICAL RECORD CLUB 



PHANEROGAMIC AND CRYPTOGAMIC. 



Ash field, College Road, Whalley Range, 

Manchester, 23rd August, 1880. 



Sir, 



In handing you a copy of the Rules of " The 
Botanical Record Club," I venture to solicit your help in the 
important work of extending the tabulation of the geographical 
and altitudinal distribution of the native flora of Great Britain 
and Ireland. Thanks to the life-long labours of Mr. H. C. 
Watson in this comparatively neglected department of botany, 
no country of the like extent can claim to have determined the 
distribution of its phanerogamic vegetation with such fulness or 
exactitude as Great Britain, nevertheless the annual additions 
to the county records continue to be considerable; while for 
our cryptogamic vegetation so little has been attempted in this 
direction that an inexhaustible field lies open for investigation. 

The scope of the Club will be more fully understood by a 
perusal of the accompanying Rules, and its previous work is 
exhibited in the six Annual Reports which it has already issued. 
It is intended to publish, from time to time, maps which will 
show, in a graphic form, the area of distribution occupied by 
selected species of plants in Great Britain and Ireland; but 
the realization of this idea is dependent upon the degree of 
support the Club may receive from botanists and other scientific 
gentlemen interested in Phytogeography. 

Should the work of the Record Club commend itself to 
your judgment, 1 beg the favour of your becoming one of its 
members, and of your filling up and forwarding to me at your 
eariy convenience the fly-leaf of this circular. 

I remain, Sir, 

Yours faithfully, 

CHARLES BAILEY, 






THE 



BOTANICAL RECORD CLUB: 



PHANEROGAMIC AND CRYPTOGAMIC. 



LIST OF OFFICERS. 



Referees : 

CHARLES CARDALE BABINGTON, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. (For 
Rubi, Characere and Flowering Plants generally. ) 

JOHN GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S. (For Rosicke ami Hieracia). 

HENRY BOS WELL (For Musci). 

B. CARRINGTON, M.D., F.L.S., F.R.S., Edin. (For Ilepaticx). 



(giitor oi Reports : 

F. ARNOLD LEES, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Lond., F.L.S., 

Wetherby, Yorkshire. 



Secretary anil treasurer : 

CHARLES BAILEY, F.L.S., Ashfield, College Road, Whalley Range, 

Manchester. 









REVISE D 



RULES AND REGULATIONS. 



Sanctioned by the Members, 1880. 



I. The Botanical Record Club shall be an association of 
persons desirous of forwarding the purposes for which the Club 
was (in 1873) formed, the condition of membership being a 

subscription to the funds. 

II. The objects of the association shall be to verify, register, 
and publish annually such facts (relating to the horizontal or 



Plants) 



and 



as (1) hitherto unpublished (for example, a fresh station for 
a plant, with a comital census at least under sixty, occurring 
in a county for which it may be already on record) ; or (2) as 



Watson 



Compendium Cybeh Britannica, its Supplement, and Topographical 
Botany; and Moore & More's Cybele Hibernica; or (3) as 
interesting and worthy of repetition by reason of previous con- 
fusion, uncertainty, or reported extinction. 

HI. Since there is for the Mosses and Hepatic* no existing 
compendium of published data analogous to those above men- 
tioned for Phanerogamia and the Vascular Cryptogams, it shall be 



an 



throughout Britain of such lower Cryptogams, effecting this, first, 
by the successive compilation and printing of moss and hepatica 
florulas for each county ; and, second, by subsequent addenda to 
such comital lists as may have been previously issued. 



44 



IV. A third object of the Club shall be the exemplification 
of geographic plant-distribution (first phanero-, then crypto-gamic) 
by means of outline county maps, so displayed as to indicate the 
various ' types ' of distribution, best discernible in such way, for 
selected representative species. 

V. It shall be an essential characteristic of the work of the 
Club that every record must be qualified for a place in the annual 
Report by a Voucher for its accuracy and bona-fide nature — in 
the shape of a well-selected specimen (from the locality specified 
on its label) of a size and character sufficient for its safe identifi- 
cation. These vouchers shall alone form the material for the 
Report, save and except such manuscript notices of extinctions 
of species, or of errors requiring correction, as it may be found 
necessary to publish. 

VI. The plant contributions of each season, after usage 
for the Report, shall become Government property, and with 
that intention shall each year be forwarded direct to the Royal 
Herbarium of Kew; and, being thus disposed of, shall be no 
longer the property of the Club in any sense, although the 
collections shall be open to the inspection of any member giving 
sufficient notice, and complying with such regulations as may 
govern like portions of the National Herbaria.* 

VII The management of the affairs of the Club shall 
devolve, in their several capacities, upon the following officers : 
Editor of Records, Secretary and Treasurer, and such Botanical 
Referees as may be appointed from time to time by the Editor to 
assist in the determination of species. 

On all matters in dispute, concerning the polity or well-being 
of the Club, these Officers and Referees shall form an Executive 
Committee, to whose counsels shall be left such elections of 



* Note.— Director Sir J. D. Hooker has given his consent to this annual 
acceptance of the Club's plants by the Kew authorities ; and it is a suggestion 
erf Mr. Baker's that they should ultimately be incorporated with the Watsonian 
Herbarium when that is received, supplementing it as they do. 



- 



45 



officers in place of resignations, such adjustments, decisions, or 
general appeals to the members, as it may be thought wise and 

necessary to make. 

VIII. The Botanists able and willing to act as Botanical 
Referees must be members of this Club ; and shall be chosen, each 
one upon the ground of his special study of, and acquaintance 
with, some difficult class or genus, or critical group of British 
Plants.* All contributed specimens in regard to which the Editor 
of Records is unable to satisfy himself, or feels any doubt about, 
shall be submitted to a Referee, who shall settle finally whether it 
appear in the Report of that year, or whether the record be 
deferred for fuller information or ampler material. 

IX. The duties of the Editor of Records shall include the 
safe keeping, verification, and arrangement of the plants confided 
yearly to his care for the time being, for the special purpose of 
enabling him to compile the Report. Having, with the assistance 
of the several Referees, duly scrutinised, verified, and decided 
(under Rule II.) upon the eligibility or unfitness of each separate 
record for a place in the Report, the Report shall then be 
prepared in such form as seems to him best ; and, when finished, 
the manuscript shall be forwarded to the Secretary for his order 
as to its printing. When in type, every specimen voucher which 
represents a record in the Report shall be forthwith sent to Kew 
by the Editor. It shall not be necessary to mount or forward 
to Kew those contributed specimens notices of which are not 
eligible (under Rule II.) for the Report, or the records of which 
are to be deferred for any reason, such plants being superfluities 

for the purposes of the Club. 

X. The duties of the Secretary and Treasurer shall be to 
collect the subscriptions; to keep the funds of the Club, its 
expenditure vouchers, and other accounts ; and to authorise all 

NoTE.-Referees will thus, whilst not without power of direction, &c, 
in crises of the Club's history, hold the honourable position of Experts or 
Consultants, and so contribute not a little to the trustworthiness of the general 

Record. 



46 



printing. He shall also attend to the publication, sale, or distri- 
bution of all Reports, Maps, Circulars, Catalogues, Moss- 
envelopes, &c, issued by the association; and pay all accounts 
against the Club for work done, or expense incurred, with and by 
his sanction and with the knowledge of the Editor of Records. 

XI. Membership in this Club shall be of two kinds: 
Honorary (or non-contributing) and Ordinary (or working) 
members. 

Honorary members need not contribute any specimens, but 
shall subscribe annually a sum of not less than ten shillings. 

Ordinary members shall subscribe not less than five shillings 
annually, and shall also send annually plants as defined in 
Rules II. and III.* 

XII. All plants contributed shall be in good condition, and 
shall as far as possible represent unmistakeably the species they 
are sent to illustrate ; but a specimen need not necessarily be in 
flower or have a root, &c, if the safe determination of the 
species is not thereby endangered. Specimens in such a bad or 
fragmentary state as to be nameable only with difficulty or doubt 
shall be inadmissible. Only one example of any plant need be sent 
where the necessary requirement as to its condition is fulfilled. 
Where the intention is to show some variation or peculiarity, a 
range of specimens may be desirable j but a number of typical 
specimens from one and the same station, accompanied by only 
one label, tends to favour admixture and confusion. 

each plant — if a Phanerogam or Fern — must be 



XIII. With 



J inches across by 3! 



upon which, leaving a space of 1 inch at the top for the official 
Stamp of the Club to be impressed, must be written the name 
(where known), but at least the locality and kind of station 



♦Note.— It is hoped, however, that all 'working' or ordinary members 
who can afford it will contribute the larger sum— entitling them to two copies 
of all Reports— seeing that the expenses of the Club for printing and 
lithographing are proportionately heavy, owing to the somewhat limited issue 
of its publications. 






47 



(i.e., natural wood or thicket, plantation or osier holt, waste sandy 
or grassy ground, warren, heath, bog, marsh, wall top, hedge or 
lane, pasture or meadow; discriminating between clayey, sandy, 
and peaty soil), where gathered, the date when and the county 
or vice-county area in which it grew, together with the name 
of the collector. The special printed label hitherto in use shall 
be abandoned ; and, in place of it, to prevent possibility of 
appropriation, each label shall, as received by the Editor, be 
impressed with the official stamp of the Club. 

Mosses or Hepaticse shall not be sent loose, but each one be 
enclosed in a special Envelope-Label, designed to keep each 
species secure and separate, and easily accessible, whilst at the 
same time facilitating arrangement on sheets of herbarium paper, 
to which they may be readily affixed. Particulars of the locality, 
&c, to be written upon the face of the envelope-label, below the 
down-turned overlap. A sufficient supply of these envelopes 
shall be made to each member desirous of contributing county 
series, by the Secretary or Editor, free of charge. 

XIV. This association shall, from time to time, as need 
arises, issue revised editions of ' The London Catalogue of British 
Mosses ' already published by the Club. With the second edition 
shall be included a Catalogue of the British Hepaticae, drawn up 
or revised by competent authority. Should it at any time become 
desirable, this Club shall publish similar Catalogues of Lichens, 

Fresh-water Algse, Fungi, &c. 

XV. Subscriptions must be forwarded to the Treasurer prior 

to the 31st December of each year. 

XVI. Parcels of plants shall be forwarded, carriage or post 
paid, to the Editor of Records, in no case later than the 31st of 
December in each year, and as much earlier (after the close of 

the collecting season) as possible. 

XVII. All members of the Club shall receive from the 
Secretary, post paid, a copy of the yearly Report, together with 
such sets of Maps or Catalogues as may be published ; always 
provided that the subscription for the previous year be not in 
arrear. 



48 



Further, it shall be an instruction to the Referees, Editor, 
and Secretary, to distribute at their discretion copies of the 
Club's publications to such persons and institutions as they 
may deem desirable, in addition to the following Libraries and 
Journals :— The Royal Herbarium, Kew; the British Museum 
Botanical Department; The British Museum General Library; 
the Linnean Society; the Library of the Edinburgh Botanical 
Society ; and the Editors of ' Nature', ' The Journal of Botany ', 
'Grevillea', &c. 

Duplicates of back Reports may be purchased by members 
at half price of the Secretary ; and by non-members on payment 
of a sum equal to the subscription for the year in which they 
were issued. Extra copies of all General Catalogues will be 
published for general sale at sixpence each, and these, together 
with Reports (5/- each,) for 1879 anci onwards, may be obtained 
from David Bogue, 3, St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, 
W.C.; but such maps illustrating plant distribution as the Club 
may publish will only be issued in consecutive sets or series to 
continuing members, as the officers of the Club may determine. 



James Collins and Co.. Printers. 76, King Street, Manchester. 



THE BOTANICAL RECORD CLUB 



PHANEROGAMIC AND CRYPTOGAMIC. 



Sir, 



In reply to your circular of the 23rd August, 



1880, I shall he glad to become a Member of the above Club, and to 



subscribe shillings annually. 



Name : 



Address : 



To Mr. CHARI.KS BAILEY, F.L.S., 



Secretary and Treasurer, Botanical Record Club, 

Ashfield, College Road, Whalley Range, Manchester. 






289 



Original Articles. 



MUSCI PEiETEEITI; 

SIVE DE MUSCIS NONNULLIS ADHUC NEGLECTIS, PR^TERVISIS 

VEL CONFUSIS, NUNC RECOGNITIS. 

AUCTORE ElCARDO SPRUCE. 



1. Plagiothecium ELEGANS. 



Hyp 



Dioicum lminile depresso caBspitosum, in sicco e viridi rufo- 
badium. Caules 1-1-J-pollicares procumbentes laxe pinnatim 
ramosi, ad ramorum et florum insertionem radicelliferi, cseterum 
fere arliizi. Folia complanata bifariam imbricata, basi obliqua 
inserta, angulo 45°-60° patentia, ovato-laneeolata sensim longe 
acntata — vix subacuminata — ab apice ad % longitudinis usque serru- 



lata, concavula, altero m&rgine baud raro implicata, costis binis 



brevibus obscuris, raro nullis ; cellulae perangustae lineari-rboni- 
boideae subrect® (vix flexuosae) subpellucidae, basales perpaucae 
subbreviores magisqne rectangulares, alares propria? nullae. Earis- 
sime advenit folium exacte vel anticum vel posticum, basi recta 
transversa inserta caulique adpressa. Flores ? e caule et raniis 
orti. BracteaB jduriinfe, arete imbricate suberecte, extimre minutae, 
interiores sensim majores, intimaB foliis sat longiores ovales, a 
medio acuminate cuspidateve, apice subserrulatae, subenerves, 
cellulia laxioribus. Pedicellus plus quam semipollicaris rums 
validiusculus laevissimus, siccando dextrorsum— sub apice incurvo 
sinistrorsum — laxe contortus. Capsula brevi-cylindrica symmetrica 
(nee gibba), collo longiusculo, rufa pacbydermis, burmectate bori- 
zontalis, siccando semper fere exacte pendula sub ore rubro yalde 
constricta estriata. Operculum (ex icone Hookeri, breve, conicum 
subacuminatum obtusum). Annulus angustus, duplici cellularum 
serie constans, vix revolubilis. Peristomium rufo-flavidum siccando 
incurvum ; dentes tenui-acuminati trabeculati scaberuli, sutura 
media inconspicua. Endostomium pallidum ad \ fissum ; pro- 
cessus scaberuli remote articulati in carina integri, ciliolis aeqm- 
longis solitariis binisve. Folia 1-5 x -5, 1-8 x -6, 1-25 x -5, 1-0 X -35 ; 

cellulm vieditc T «yX^; hractea 5 2-0 X'B, 1-6 X '4; pedicellus 15-0 ; 
capsuh 1-25 x -5mm. . ,. 

Hab. Nootka Sound, in plaga occidentali Amencae borealis 
(Menzies! anno 1787). 

, r S yn- Hypnum degam, Scbwgr. Suppl. iii., t. 282 (nee Spruce, 
Muse. Pyren. ; nee Wfls. Bryol. Brit. ; nee Scbimp. Syn. Muse. 
Eur.; &c. 

Planiothecivn, deplanatum, Scbimp. MSS., apud Sulliv. Muse. 
AUegb. no. 50, PL eleganti certe proximum, robustms est, densi- 
iolium, radicellis crebris robria repens. Folia distincte acuminata, 

». s. VOL. 9. [Octobkb, 1880.] 2 P 



290 MUSCI PKiETERITI. 

toto margine serrulata, basi bicostata (altera costa interdum obso- 
leta); cellulie snbbreviores subserpentinas, apicales perpaucse breves 
rhombeas, alares distinct® quadrat® utrinque sub 12. Bracte® 
$ intern® omnes cuspidat®, cuspide denticulata basi saepe incisa. 
Capsula in pedicello duplo fere breviore oblongo-cylindrica inclinata 
subcernua (nunquam horizontalis), siccando arcuata sub ore valde 
constricta. Operculum brevirostre. Annulus angustus simplex. 
Peristomium majus, pallidum subbevissimum. 

PL depressum, Brucb., magis ramosum est, densifolium, pro 
more viridissimum nitidulum. Rami medium versus dilatati. 
Folia^ apice brevi raro subacuminata, plerumque abrupte acuta, 
margine supero subdenticulato ; cellul® breviores, apicis triangularis 
totius subrhombe®, alares distinct® quadrate. Bracteae acurni- 
nata). Pedicellus brevis apice leniter incurvus. Capsula oblonga 
vel brevi cylindracea gibba cemuo-inclinata, siccando sub ore 
constricta, directione immutata. Operculum brevirostre. Peri- 
stomium pallidum. 

PL Borreiianum, Spruce, a PL elegante magis remotum est; 
de suis differentiis confer descriptioncm PL Borreriani ad pedem. 

Hooker's figure and description accord sufficiently with Menzies' 
original specimens, except that — probably from not having 
thoroughly moistened the pedicel— he has not noticed that the 
direction of the capsule when fresh is horizontal, although in the 
dry state it becomes as completely pendulous as that of Brywn 
cmtpiiicium, in which position his figure represents it. In the only 
perfect peristome I was able to examine the processes were imper- 
forate, but Hooker's figure shows them somewhat cloven at the 
keel, which may have been caused by the pressure of a covering- 
glass ; or the species is really variable in that particular. 

bchwaegrichen's figure is correct enough as to the foliage, but 
his account of the fruit must have been drawn up, in part, from 
that of some intermixed Hypnum of the subgenus Brachythecium, 
for he says " pedicellus imprimis sicco statu seaber" and " perist. 
internum eUiis trihus Ungismmu capiUaceis" neither of which 
characters exists in PL elegant. 



Hypn 



2. Plagiothecium Borrerianum. 



Dioicum, dense depresso-c®spitosum, pallide vel amoene viride 
mtidissimum, in sicco saepe argenteum raro rutilans. Caules 1-2- 
polhcares procumbentes laxe pinnatim ramosi, hie illic— e ramoruni 
basi colorata pr®cipue— radicellas longas flexuosas nigro-purpureas 
edentes, ramis ascendentibus imbricatis. (E plant® sterilis 
foliorum axillis pers®pe proferuntur ramuli gracillimi parvifolii 
fasciculato-5-10ni. decidui). Folia laxiuscule imbricata complanata, 
lateraha bifana angulp 45°-80° patentia subobliqua, antica pos- 
ticaque (pauca) appressa symmetrica, omnia hub triplo longiora 
quam lata, ovato-lanceolata, sensim vel subabropte tenui-acumi- 
nata cuspulatave, acumine subserrulato stricto vel decurvulo, 
concavula, margine interne leviter reflexo, costulis, binis brevibus, 



C 



elluhe 



MUSCI PR^TERITI. 291 

angustissime lineares prosenchymaticae subflexuosae pellucidae, 
alares (perpaucae) subquadratae obscuriores. (Folia eaulina haud 
raro striata, prope basin latissima ; ramea autem versus J alti- 
tudinis latitudinem suain majorem inonstraut). Flores $ e caule 
et ramis orti. Bracteae inferne erectae convolutivae superne recurvo- 
squarrosulae (in fi. sterili saepe omnino erectae) ovato-lanceolatae 
sensiin capillari-acuminatae, acuruine obsolete serrulato ad basin 
interdum incisulo. Pistillidia sub 10; parapbyses longiorcs— in 
flore sterili srepe pauci, in fertili numerosi— alii pro more plus 
minus foliiformes : ad Paraphjsanthi, Neckem subgenus, instar. 
i.e. inferne cellulas 2-4 lati, nee omnino capillacei. Pedicellus 
f pollicis longus stramineus, solum basin versus rufescens, apice 
subincurvus, in sicco dextrorsum, sub apice sinistrorsum, laxe 
tortus. Capsula e pedicelli incurvatione inclinata, vel fere hon- 
zontalis— in sicco plus minus inclinata (nuuquam pendula)— 
breviuscula ovalis symmetrica, nee cernua, brevicolla leptodermis, 
recens flavo-viridis, sicca fiava turgida (neque sub ore constricta). 
Calyptra albida apice purpurascens. Operculum exacte comcum, 
brevissime mammillatum vel non, in sicco subconforme. Annulus 
perangustus, cellulis biseriatis confiatus. Penstomium majus- 
culum pallidum ; dentes externi subulati, a medio acuminata, alte 
trabeculati minute scaberuli ; internum ultra medium fissum, pro- 
cessus acuminati alte carinati, in carina mtegri vel Inc lllic 
pertusi, parum scaberuli, ciliola bina, superne capillacea, appeii- 
diculata. Sporae minute l*ves. Folia 16 X -6, 1-4 x -5 ,1-25 X -4 ; 
edl. medial ad^WX^; bractea ? 1-6 X -5 ; pedicellus 15-0 ; cap*** 



T " u T5 A I5i 



l'8x-8; operculum -55 x -5mm. t rtnlo . n m iw 

Hypnum Borr daman, Spruce in schedis (1846) ; U. Mrma 
Syn. Muse, ii., 279 (1851); Sulliv. Muse, et Hep. Un. btat. (edit. 

Hypnwn eleqans, Spruce in Ann. & Mag. g^^L^i^S' 

pro parte (nee Hook.) ; Wils. Bryol. Brit. (1855) ; Schimp. Biyol. 

"Eur. et Syn. Muse. Europ. MAilft . £1 clo,;«>*i 

Plajthecium Schimpen, Jur. et Milde (1862), «** Sdiimp. 
Var. l<»»,inerve, foliis pro more ^agis decur^-secundis co3 fcls 

longioribus validioribus, altera saltern medium fol ^ a * tm ^ m 
Hab. per omnem Europam in sylvis umbrosis ad te am, 

truncos putrescentes et saxa, arenaeea P'^P^^^^^ras 
tamen baud ascendens ; etiam in America «^J^SS£i 
Rarissime fertile, primum cum capsulis a el. dom ma H nte nn 
prope Bantru ffiberuiiu inventum est ; nupenus **£gty*S* 



prope Bantry Hiber 

Sussexiae (W. Mitten) ; in s 



(White 



head et Ashton, 1876); et in valle fl. E* prope </ «y - - - 

Stabler, 1879). Var. Umgmerve in s f^ is ^T'lZTbov^nL 
Howard, et in pinetis turfosis ad Stockton Forest prope Eboiacum 

w^ «-i • d • „«,„ » PI elenante distat nikare insigni ; 

folus constants tenui-acuminatis, cellule aiaiious u i / 

semper pnesantibus ; bracteis capillari-acuminatis nit mis m ^ 
Physes transeuntibus ; pedicello strammeo ; caps uL bipi paUuto 
leptodermi, in sicco turgida inclinata -neque (ad / I. #&**»* 



292 MUSCI PR^ETERITI. 

instar), pendula, sub ore valde constricta ; operculo exacte conico ; 

peristomio subhevi. 

PL Mullerianiim, Schinip., a. PL Borreriano differre videtur 
colore flavido ; caule tenui bipollicari fastigiatim ramoso ; foliis 
angulo acutiore patentibus, dein deflexo-subsecundis, peranguste 
ovato-lanceolatis, 4-plo longioribus quam latis, sensiin tenui- 
acaminatis integerrimis enerviis ; cellulis iis PL Borrer iani con- 
formibus, alaribus autem nullis ; (capsula inclinata tenui, sicca sub 
ore constricta ; operculo rostellato). 

PL piliferum, Sw., pro foliis PL Borreriano interdum baud 
absimile, monoicum est, semper copiose fertile ; foliis in cuspidem 
piliformem flexuosaru abrupte attenuatis, subenerviis ; capsula 
brevipedicellata suberecta tenera in sicco corrugata vel substriata ; 
operculo brevi-conico ; peristomio interno basi ad i alt. solum 
integro, ciliolis subnullis. 

PL depression, Bruch, et PL deplanatum, Sell., facile distincta 
sunt foliis apice latioribus, reti minus denso ; capsula inaequali 
sicca sub ore constricta ; operculo rostrato. 

Tins moss first attracted my notice in the winter of 1845-G, 
when residing in the Pyrenees at Bagneres-de Bigorre, near which 
town it grew on the borders of shady walks on the little hill called 
Mont Olivet. On my return to England in April, 184G, I visited 
Tunbridge Wells, in company with Messrs. Borrer and Jenner ; 
and, whilst herborising at Eridge Bocks, Mr. Borrer brought to me 
a silvery-green patch of moss he had just torn from the horizontal 
face of a crumbling sand-rock, and asked me to name it. " Why, 1 ' 
said I, " this is exactly the Hypnnm that has been puzzling me at 
Bagneres — it is neither denticulatum nor ciipressiforme — it must be 
new, and we will call it Hypnwn Borrerianuni.'' . M That," he 
replied, " will be an unfortunate name to give it, for nothing named 
after me has ever proved permanent — not even either of the two 
genera, Borrer a and Borreria." However, having carefully studied 
it, and satisfied myself it was distinct from everything else I 
possessed, or could find described, I gave it under that name to my 
botanical correspondents, and especially to Messrs. Taylor, Wilson, 
and Montagne. To Dr. Montagne I gave also a specimen of the 
Pyrenean plant, and when, not long afterwards, he lent his moss- 
herbarium to Carl Miiller (then occupied in elaborating his 
1 Synopsis Muscorum '), my specimens of H. Borreriamtm, but 
especially those gathered at Tunbridge Wells, were the materials 
on which Mr. Miiller founded his description of the species— the 
first ever published (Syn. Muse, ii., Sept., 1851). 

Iu the succeeding months of the year 1846 I found the same 
moss growing abundantly in the Castle-Howard woods, especially 
on sandy declivities, and even on old stools of Car ex panicitlata in 
Terrington Can- ; and in December, 1847, I gathered very luxuriant 
specimens, but still sterile, in Arncliffe Wood and Cronkley Gill, 
Eskdale, growing on decayed vegetable matter about tree-roots and 
in clefts of rocks. I received it also from Congleton Clough, 
Cheshire, and from Wales (Wilson, 1846) ; from Stansfield Moor, 



MTJSCI PIUETERin. 293 

Eagle Crag, and other places in W. Yorkshire (Nowell, 1847); 
and from near Killarney (Taylor and Wilson). Taylor said he 
had long known it, and should call it Leskea prostrata n. sp., feeling 
confident it would prove a near ally of L. polyantha (Pylaisia) ; but 
he did not find me an Irish specimen of it until August, 1847, 
when he gathered it at Turk Waterfall. I told him it was exactly 
my H. Borrerianum ; but as English bryologists were at that j>eriod 
still guided chiefly by the Hedwigian canons, founded on the pre- 
eminence of characters derived from the peristome, I said 1 was not 
unwilling to adopt his name for it, especially if the peristome 
should prove to be that of a Leskea, i.e., with the inner membrane 
destitute of cilia. So, for some time, it passed among us as 

"Leskea prostrata, Tayl." 

About the same time Wilson picked a moss out of Taylor's 
gatherings at Turk Waterfall, which he called H. lapidinum, MSS. 
This proved a mixture of H. Borrerianurn and H. depression, Bruch, 
and was afterwards quoted in ' Bryologia Britannica ' (1855) as a 
variety of the latter. I had already, in May, 1846, by the help of 
specimens in Schimper's ' Stirpes Normales,' made out //. de- 
pressum in our Yorkshire woods, growing quite as abundantly on a 
calcareous, as H. Borrerianum on a siliceous base. 

In 1847, when I was working up my Exsiccata of Pyrenean 
Mosses, I found, intermixed with other species gathered near 
. Bagneres-de-Luchon (Bois de Sajust and Cascade des Parisians) 
a moss without fruit, which I could only consider a slender form 
of H. Borrerianurn; and I afterwards described the male in- 
florescence, under " Hyjmum elegms" in my paper on the Mosses 
of the Pyrenees (Annals of Nat. Hist., &c, 1849). In 1851 the 
same moss was found in fruit by J. Miiller (of Geneva), in southern 
Tyrol, and the much longer, subcylindrical capsule, constricted 
under the mouth when dry, with the rostellate lid, proved it to be 
a distinct species— since published by Schimper under the name of 
Ploffiothecium Mullericmum (Synops., ed, i. ; ed. ii., p. 698). I do 
not remember giving specimens of this moss to Montague, but if I 
did so they were probably seen also by C. Miiller, and mistaken by 
him (as they had been by me) for a slender form of H. Borrerianum. 
The true type of the latter was, however, both for C. Miiller and 
myself, the moss gathered at Tunbridge Wells, as I have already 
stated. 

Of the true H. Borrerianurn I gathered too little in the Pyrenees 
to include it in my sets, but I had drawn up a full description of it 
for my paper on Pyrenean Mosses, to be read to the Botanical 
Society of Edinburgh, when, towards the close of 1848, Mr. 
Wilson informed me°he had found, in Turner's herbarium, fertile 
specimens of our moss, gathered near Bantry long years since by 
Miss Hutchins ; that he had compared them with the original 
specimen of //. elegant in Hooker's herbarium, and that they were 
undoubtedly the same species. I was then preparing for my 
journey to South America, and had little leisure for reconsidering 
the matter ; but I possessed a small scrap of H. eler/ans, gathered 

ty Menzies at Nootka Sound, and given me by Dr. Taylor in 1842, 



294 musci prjEteriti. 

which was one of the first things I had compared with H. Borrer- 
ianum in 1846 ; and my original note on it is still in its proper 
place. The two seemed so plainly distinct that I had dismissed all 
thought of their possible identity. Wilson, however, assured me 
that Miss Hutchins's specimens were exactly intermediate between 
mine and those of Menzies ; and, bowing to his decision (though 
unconvinced), I quashed my description and diagnostic notes and 
published the moss as " H. elegans, Hook.," ignoring even any 
mention of H. Borrerianum. But when, many years afterwards, 
I came to see Wilson's figure and description of his " H. elegans " 
in ' Bryol. Brit.," it was plain to me that if they correctly repre- 
sented Miss Hutchins's plant (as was to be supposed), they also 
agreed exactly enough with my H. Borrerianum, but by no means 
with the true H. elegam of Hooker. The recent acquisition, 
through the liberality of Messrs. Whitehead, Ashton, and Pearson, 
of Welsh specimens in good fruit of H. Borrerianum, has enabled 
me to institute a more rigorous comparison between the two, and 
to prove them specifically distinct. 

Plagiothecium elegam is, in fact, as may be seen from Hooker's 
figure, more closely related to PL depression and PL deplanatum 
than to PL Borrerianum ; its diagnosis from those two species 
I have given pretty fully above. When in fruit they are readily 
distinguished from both PL elegans and PL Borrerianum by the 
short pedicel ; the cernuous, asymmetrical capsule ; and the 
rostrate lid. 

Plagiothecium Borrerianum has constantly more lustrous foliage 
than PL elegans. The leaves have a slender point (cuspis) quite 
wanting in the other, where they are merely acute or very slightly 
subacuminate ; the cells, equally close and slender in both, are 
nearly straight in PL elegam, distinctly flexuose in PL Borrerianum, 
and in the latter there are at the base a few quadrate alar cells, 
quite wanting in PL elegans. The female bracts, or perichaetial 
leaves, run out to a long hair-like point. The pedicel is straw- 
coloured, and about the same length as the red pedicel oi PL 
elegans. The capsule is wider, thinner, and paler, merely inclined 
at a greater or less angle, and when dry unchanged in form and 
direction ; but the dried capsule of PL elegans is pendulous and 
much constricted below the orifice. The lid, annulus, and peri- 
stome differ very slightly in the two species, as is apparent from the 
foregoing descriptions. 

Since it was first brought into notice Plagiothecium Boirerianum 
has been found to be quite a common plant, not only in the British 
Isles, but in almost every country in Europe, and on the eastern 
side of North America. Like many dioicous mosses that are 
mostly sterile, it maintains and even enlarges its area by throwing 
out propagula, in the shape of slender deciduous rarnuli that spring 
in fascicles of five to ten from the axils of the leaves, and are liable 
to be washed away by heavy rains, or broken oft* and blown about 
by parching winds, and thus transferred to other sites, where, 
under favourable circumstances, they take root, and enter on a 
separate existence. The same apparatus exists also in PL deprt****** 



UNRECORDED STATIONS FOR PLANTS NEAR BODMIN. 295 

PI. Mullerianum , and probably in other dioicous Plagiothecia. 
PI. Borrerianum is further interesting as furnishing another proof 
that the so-called paraphyses are in reality imperfectly-developed 
or, if you will, degenerated — leaves, or bracts ; for the outer para- 
lyses, instead of being capillary throughout their length, like the 
inner ones, are often two or more cells wide below, and thus 
indicate a transition to the subjacent leafy bracts. The transition 
from capillary paraphyses to broad leafy bracts is much more 
gradual and unmistakable in certain tropical Xeckeree of the sub- 
genus Pantphy smith us (Spruce), e. g., in X disticha, X. undulata, &c. 
Lindberg has removed PL Borrerianum and its nearest relatives 
to Isopterygium, Mitt., which, to me, is scarcely even a subgenus of 
Plagiotkeciwn ; for I cannot make out where the one ends and the 
other begins. Moreover, about half the species, both European 
and Tropical- American, do not answer to Mitten's character of the 
genus, especially as to the " operculum longirostre," seeing that 
the lid is very short and conical in leucophyllum, Hpe., Borrerianum, 



Spruce, elegans, Hook., &c. ; and even in tenerum, Sw., which, from 




leaves that spring from the upper and under faces of the stem, the 
lateral leaves (constituting the mass of the foliage) being unequal- 
sided at the base in every species. Nor are the leaves (as he 
asserts) " enema," except in very rare cases, but often very 
distinctly (and in a few cases strongly) 2-nerved ; and instead of 
being, as he says, " laxissime areolata," in a great majority of 
the species they would be more correctly termed "densissinie et 



angustissime areolata." 



(To be continued.) 



UNRECORDED STATIONS FOR SOME PLANTS NEAR 

BODMIN, E. CORNWALL. 

By T. R. Akcher Briggs, F.L.S. 

Whilst spending recently a few days with a friend in the parish 
of Blisland, situated about five miles to the north-east of the town 
of Bodmin, an opportunity was afforded me to note some of the 
plants growing in that and the contiguous parishes of St. Breward, 
?t. Tiuly, St. Mabyn, Cardinham, St. Neots, &c. The tract has 
been but little explored by botanists, if we may judge by the few 
records to be found concerning its plants. As a small contribution 
towards a list of the rarer and critical species of this part of 
Cornwall, I give the following notes. The tract forms part of 
vice-county 2 (E. Cornwall) of Watson's ' Topographical Botany.' 

Ranunculus Lmormandi, F. Schultz. Moor near St. Breward. 

Aquihaia vulgaris, L. Hedge-bank near Tresarrat Bridge, on 

the Camel River. , . , ax _, . 

Chelidonium majus, L. Near houses at Kea Budge ; bt. Mabyn. 



296 UNRECORDED STATIONS FOR PLANTS NEAR BODMIN. 

Maintaining the " denizen " character in which it seems always to 

appear in Cornwall and Devon. 

Fumaria confusa, Jord. Near Pawlis Bridge ; St. Tudy. The 
common Fumaria of the capreolata segregates in Cornwall and 

Devon. 

Brassica Rapa, L., c. Bru/gsii, Lond. Cat., ed. 7. In damp 
earthy places by the road from Blisland to Cardinham ; St. Tudy. 

Viola lactea, Sm. Bodmin Eace-course ; on a common between 
Cardinham and Panter Bridge. 

Polyyala deprma, "Wender. Near Bodmin, &c. There is little 
doubt but that this is general on the unenclosed lands throughout 
Cornwall and Devon. 

Sagina subulata, Wimm. Gravelly spot between Blisland village 
and the moors on the north. On a common near St. Neots. 
These stations are at a considerable distance from all previously 
recorded ones. 

Scleranthus annum, L. On a common near St. Breward, grow- 
ing in peaty spots partially bare of vegetation ; in great abundance 
as a weed in a neighbouring field with a crop of oats. In a road 
at Millpool between Blisland and Cardinham. So rare in some 
parts of Cornwall and Devon as to make it desirable to note its 
occurrence. 

Hypericum, dubium, Leers. In plenty on hedge-banks near 
Glynn Bridge, on the river Fowey, by the road thence to Bodmin. 
Sparingly by a road to St. Neots from the Liskeard and Bodmin 
turnpike-road. Hedge-bank in a lane near Lavethan, 'Blisland, 
between Tregenna hamlet and Tresarrat Bridge, on the Camel. 
This species has but few stations recorded for it in Cornwall. 

Iiadiola millegrana, Sm. Boadside between Glynn Bridge and 
Bodmin, with Centitnculus. On a common near St. Neots. "Where 
this occurs Centunculus is usually to be seen also ; but in Cornwall 
and Devon I have found the Iiadiola the less common of the two. 

Ulex Gallii, Planchon. Near Bodmin, St. Neots, &c. A com- 
mon shrub of the open wastes, apparently to the exclusion of 
U. nanus, Forst. 

Primus insititia, L. St. Tudy. 

P. Cerasus, L. Hedges between Blisland and St. Tudy. 

Ayrimonia odorata, Mill. Near Glynn Bridge. A single plant 
near Tresarrat Bridge, by the road to St. Mabyn. Between 
Doublebois and Moorswater. 

Rubus Idteus, L. Eoadside between Glynn Bridge and Bodmin, 
growing with other Rubi ; hedge between the Bodmin and 
Launceston Road and Trewardale. 

R discolor, W. & N. Near Bodmin ; Blisland ; St. Mabyn. # 

R. leucostaclnjs, Sm. Between Glynn Bridge and Bodmin. 
Between Blisland village and the hamlet of Tregenna ; Cardinham. 

R. MrdfoKm, Mull. & Wirtz., Fl. Plym., 116. Between Glynn 
Bridge and Bodmin, as well as elsewhere near the latter place, 
occurring in open waste spots by roadsides, intermixed with other 
Eubi. On the side of a bank at Millpool, between Blisland and 
Cardinham. In one spot in a hedge between St. Neots and 



UNRECORDED STATIONS FOR PLANTS NEAR BODMIN. 297 

Liskearcl. The Bramble at the above stations is precisely the same 
as the Plymouth Urtifolim, recently described in its ' Flora/ 

R. calvatus, Blox. In one or two places between Glynn Bridge 
and Bodmin. 

jR. adscitus, Genev. Very common and generally diffused. 
Blisland; St. Tudy ; Cardinham; St. Neots ; Liskeard. As about 
Plymouth and elsewhere in the two counties, an abundant plant. 

Ii. umbrosus, Arrh. Common and widely diffused. Two forms 
noticed. Blisland ; near St. Mabyn ; between Glynn Bridge and 
Bodmin ; between St. Neots and Liskeard. 

R. Hystrix, Weihe. Glynn Bridge. 

R. Radula, Weihe. Glynn, close to the lodge by the road from 
the bridge to Bodmin. Well marked here. 

R. Koch/cri, Weihe. A Bramble, which I consider to belong to 
the aggregate RoeJileri, occurs in the vale below Lavellant House, 
and also helps to form roadside thickets near Bodmin. 

11. divvrsifolius, Lindl. St. Tudy ; St. Mabyn. 

it. Lejeunii, Weihe. Between Glynn Bridge and Bodmin. 

II. pyramidalis, Bab. Lavethan, Blisland, under shrubs close 

to the house. By the road to Liskeard from St. Neots, in the 

valley on the left bank of the Fowey Biver. Well marked at both 
places. 

Rosa spinosissuna, L. Hedges between Lavethan and Millpool, 
near Cardinham. A form with the peduncles acieulate ; this also 
occurs near Plymouth, but is said by Baker to be " quite rare." 

R. tomoitosa, Sm. Apparently scattered over all the country, as 
probably is the case throughout Cornwall and Devon. 

R< micrantha, Sm. Near Glynn. Between Tregenna and 
Tresarrat ; Blisland ; St. Tudy. Between Cardinham and Panter 
bridge, St. Neots. 

R. systyla, Bast. Near Tresarrat Bridge, by the road to 
St. Mabyn. 

II. leucochroa, Desv. Between Blisland village and Tregenna ; 
St. Mabyn. Noticed also at Moorswater, near Liskeard. 

EpiloUwm lanceolatum, S. & M. Sparingly on a dry bank 
between Kea and Pawlis Bridges, and in considerable quantity by 
the lane thence to St. Tudy village. Seen also at Moorswater, 
aear Liskeard. The first station is considerably to the north 
of any previously recorded Cornwall ones. This is a species 
which should have its distribution in Cornwall and Devon care- 
fully noted. 

E* palustre, L. Near St. Breward. Between Panter Bridge 
and St. Neots. Quite rare in the portion of E. Cornwall mar 

Plymouth, 

Arctium minus, Schkuhr. Near Blisland village, by the road to 
Bodmin ; strongly marked minus. Cardinham ; Fowey Valley, by 
the road from St. Neots to Liskeard. 

Senecio aquatnm, Iluds. Two plants with the anthodes 
wholly or partially rayless, with others by a road near Bodmm. A 
similar form of S. Jacobtea is sometimes, though rarely, met with. 

Hietaeium umbellatum, L. Near Tresarrat, St. Tudy. Between 

2 Q 



I 



298 UNRECORDED STATIONS FOR PLANTS NEAR BODMIN. 

Cardinham and Panter Bridge. May be said to be dotted over 

Cornwall and Devon. 

Spccularia hybrida, A. DC. Barley-field near St. Tudy. 

Wahleribergia hederacea, Beich. Near St. Breward; Millpool. 
Between Cardinham and Panter Bridge. 

Li<justmm vulyare, L. Certainly indigenous. Blisland ; St. 
Mabyn ; St. Tudy ; Cardinham. Between St. Neots and Liskeard. 

Sihthorpia europma, L. Common. Blisland ; St. Tudy, &c. 

Bartsia Odontites, Huds., b. serotina. St. Tudy; St. Mabyn. 

Mentha rotund [folia, L. Damp spot on the right bank of the 
Camel at Tresarrat, opposite a farmhouse, and there is little doubt 

derived from ancient cultivation. 

M. satira, L., var. mbglakra, Baker. Near Bodmin, by a road- 
side nearly opposite a farmhouse. Like the last probably an escape 
as it seems mostly to be about Plymouth. 

Thymus Serpyllum, Fries. A patch with white flowers near 
Bodmin. The only Thyme seen in this part of Cornwall. 

Stachys ambiyua, Sm. Near a cottage between Blisland and the 
moor ; St. Tudy. 

Lmnium alburn, L. Blisland village ; also at Liskeard. It 
would be interesting to carefully trace out the distribution of this 
in Cornwall and Devon. Its paucity would, I suspect, strikingly 
contrast with its frequency in some other parts of England, as about 
London. 

Myosotis repens, Don. In the moory tract near St. Breward ; 
near Pawlis Bridge ; Camel Valley, near Lavethan, Blisland ; vale 
between Cardinham and Panter Bridge ; and between the latter 
place and St. Neots. The allied M. palustris, With., not found 
anywhere. 

Anchusa sempervirens y L. Blisland, close to the village. Mill- 
pool, very near houses. 

Centunculns minimus, L. Between Glynn Bridge and Bodmin ; 
Blisland, near Pawlis Bridge ; vale between Cardinham and Panter 
Bridge ; St. Neots. 

Plantarjo waritima, L. On commons and in open gravelly 
places by roadsides near Bodmin ; quite general, notwithstanding 
the inland character of the county. Also seen between Cardinham 
and Panter Bridge, and on a common near St. Neots village. 
In Devon never noticed at anything like such a distance from 
the sea. 

Rumex pratmm, M. & K. By the road to St. Neots from the 
Liskeard and Bodmin turnpike-road. 

Scirpusjluitans, L. Near St. Breward. 

Arena striynm, Schreb. In an oat-iield near Bodmin. 

Asplenium lanceolatum, Huds. In considerable quantity on walls 

at Blisland, in and near the village ; also at Lavethan ; near Kea 
Bridge, 

Aspiditm annulare, Willd. A few small plants near Pawlis 
Bridge. St. Mabyn, in one place on a hedge bank near the village. 
In another between Panter Bridge and St. Neots. Seemingly 
uncommon and sparse in this part of Cornwall. 



SPICILEGIA FLOB.& SINENSIS. 299 



Nephro'diitm omnium, Baker. Blisland ; near St. Mabyn ; 
Cardinhani ; St. Neots. 

N. OrtopterU, Desv. Blisland, in profusion, and very fine on a 
bank in a lane near the village. Near St. Breward ; near Tresarrat 
Bridge ; between Cardinbam and Panter Bridge ; St. Neots. 

Osmunda regalis, L. Near Kea Bridge. 



SPICILEGIA FLOR^ SINENSIS : DIAGNOSES OP NEW, 

AND HABITATS OP BABE OB HITHERTO UNBE- 
COBDED CHINESE PLANTS. 

By H. F. Hance, Ph.D., Memb. Acad. Nat. Cur., &c.,'&c. 

(Concluded from p. 262.) 

84. Lytimachia ftrruginea, Edgew. Prope I-chang, in prov. 
Hu-peh, vere 1879 leg. T. Watters. Erroneously stated by Klatt 
to grow in Ceylon. Edgeworth's original specimens were Hima- 
layan . 

35. Diospyros Morrisiana, Hance. In devexis boream spec- 
tan tibus montium Pak-wan, supra Cantonem, specimina pauca 
fceminea, d. 2G Maii 1878 carpsit cl. Sampson. These specimens 
enable me to describe the female flowers, which have hitherto 
remained unknown. Floribus fcemineis solitariis brevissime pedi- 
cellatis, calyce cyathiformi breviter acute 4-dentato 1} nu - lon g° 
cum pedicello adpresse sericeo, corolla glabra suburceolata 8 lm. 
longa ad trientem longitudinis in lobos 4 ovatos basi aunculatos 
acutiusculos divisa, staminodiis 6 uniseriatis sericeis juxta corolla) 
basin insertis, ovario globoso glabro, stylis 4 tomentosis ad medium 

usque coalitis. . , . 

V-U 80. Ehretia (Bourrmoides) eesinosa, sp. nov. Banns angulatis 
cortice griseo lenticelloso, foliis (junioribus tantum visis) hyster- 
antbeis same fasciculatis breviter petiolatis oblongo-lanceolatis 
acntis costato-nervosis costulis subtus elevatis supra glaberrimis 
lucidis subtus dense fulventi-pilosis opacis resmam exsudantibus, 



ymbum 



culis adpressis margine ciliatis, corolla glabra tubo calycem 
trieute superante fauce aequali lobis linearibus obttisis tubo feqiu- 
longis patentibus, genitalibus exsertis, anthens oblongis ovario 
glabro ovoideo parvo, stylo stanimibus paulo breviore breviter 
bifido stigmatibus sub ipsi'us apiculo obtuso m anulum coalitis. 

Ad oram austro-occideutaleni insula Formosa), juxta la-kan, 
aestate 18G5 collegit defuuctus amicus, ornithologus praestans, 
omniumque Natural regnorum indefcssus pervcstigator Bob. bwin- 

hoe. (Herb, propr. n. 12338.) ' . * 

37. Brandiia discolor, Hook. f. & Th. Inter rapes, ail npas fl. 
Pu-tu, juxta urbein Kwei-yang, prov. Kwei-c hail, at. 65W-700U 
ped., I 23 Jan. 1880 coll. W. Mesny. A highly interesting 
addition to the Chinese flora, hitherto only fjund m Martaban. 



300 SPICILEG1A FLORAE SINENSIS. 

The late Mr. Kurz placed this plant, which has a curious resem- 
blance to the genus Eremophila, in MyoporacM f unhesitatingly 
amongst Pedaliacea. (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlh. 236.) 

38. llehmannia glutinosa, Libosch. In prov. Hu-peh, prope 
I-chang, vere 1879 leg. T. "Watters. The wild specimen before me 
differs so remarkably from all the Peking ones I have seen, by its 
well-developed long stem, its much more laciniate leaves, the lower 
ones with petioles exceeding the limb, its longer curved peduncles, 
flowers attaining a length of 2^- inches, loose acuminate more 
unequal calyx-teeth, and much wider-mouthed corolla, that it is 
difficult to believe it conspecific, nor have I been able to dissect a 
flower ; but it appears from the remarks of Bentham (Gen. Plant. 
ii. 960) and Maximowicz (Mel. biol. ix. 371) that the plant is 
subject to great variation. 

39. Tecoma (jrandijlora, Delaun. In collinis juxta fluviuni 
Siang, regione septentrionaria prov. Hu-nan, rest. 1878 coll. T. L. 
Bullock. This is the first occasion I am aware of on which this 
plant, commonly cultivated, has been gathered wild. 

40. Origanum vuhjare, Linn. Ad ripas A. Yang-tze, reg. centr. 
prov. Hu-peh, aest. 1878 coll. Bullock. An interesting addition to 
the Chinese flora. Occurs in the mountains of Northern India, 
and in various parts of Siberia ; but has not, I believe, yet 
been met with either in Manchuria, Mongolia, or Japan. Mr. 
Bullock notes that the flowers in his specimens were pure white, 
as is sometimes though rarely the case in the European plant. 

41. Nepeta Cataria, Linn. Circa Chi-fu, a. 1873, coll. b. Rob. 
Swinhoe. Pine specimens of a plant now, I believe, first recorded 
as a native of China. 

42. Scutellaria rinrfaris, Wall. In graminosis circa Tam-sui 
ins. Forinosae, Martio 1864 coll. b. Oldham ; juxta Swa-tow et 
Amoy, necnon ad Sai-chu-shan aliisquc prov. Cantonensis locis 
invenit Sampson. 

43. Stachys aspera, Michx., ft, glabrata, Benth. In humidis 
montium Pei-shan, prov. Shan-si, iiccnon in campis circa Jehol, 
mensibus Maio Junioque florentem, legit Eev. Abbas David, miss, 
apost.; Shanghai, in fossis hippodromi, medio Maii 1877 coll. 
F. B. Forbes. Pere David's specimens have the angles of the stem 
with retrorse bristles, whilst those of Mr. Forbes are perfectly 
smooth, as are the leaves of both : they are, however, certainly 
identical, and I think with equal certainty referable to Michaux's 
species, American examples of which have rather smaller flowers. 
I should, judging only from the description, have supposed Bunge's 
S. chinensis also to be the same, but Maximowicz (Prim. fl. Amur. 
220) refers it to 8. hmcahmi*, Fisch., a quite different-looking, 
much lower, hispid plant, with a very dense abbreviated raceme, of 
which I have specimens gathered in* East Siberia, near the Lena, 
by Stubendorff, and others quite identical collected at Vladi Vostok 
by the late Mr, E. Conolly. This latter is considered a mere 
variety of S. }><t!i<strls, Linn., by Turczaniiiovv, Ledebour, and Eegel; 
which, however, it is much more unlike than the Shanghai plant is 

to typical S. aspera. 

■ 



SPICILEGIA FLORAE SINENSIS. 301 

44. Bocrhaatia diffusa, Linn. In collibus graniinosis agri 
Amovensis, Oct. 1857 ; in ruderatis circa Cantonem, necnon in 

mcEnibus nrbis ipse legi. 

45. B. repens, Linn. In herbidis juxta Amoy, ipse legi m. 

Oct. 1857. 

46. Lindera sericea, Bl. In collibus Feng-wang-shan, prope 

Shanghai, exeunte Aprili 1877 leg. F. B. Forbes. Not to my 
knowledge previously recorded from China. L. (flatten, BL, grows 

in the same locality. 

47. Aristolochia recurvilabra, Hance. Ad ripas fluvii Siang, reg. 
sept. prov. Hu-nan, test. 1878 leg. Bullock. The only truly wild 
specimen of this plant I have seen. 

t i»fe>48. Loranthus bibracteolatus, sp. ncv. Glaberrimus, ramis 
ramulisque subteretibus cortice ruguloso griseo obductis, folds 
oppositis brevissime petiolatis coriaceis oblongo-lanceolatis nunc 
subfalcatis obtusiuscuiis supra nitidulis subtus opacis creberrime 
reticulatis venis venulisque utrinque satis conspicms 2§-4 poll, 
longis, 11-14 lin. latis, pedunculis axillavibus 2-8 aggregates 
crassiusculis 1-2 lin. longis bifioris, pedicellis basi articulatis hli- 
formibus 3 lin. longis, calycis tubo pedicello teqmlongo subclavato 
basi bracteolis 2 oppositis semiorbiculatis basi leviter connatis 
stipato limbo integerrimo truueato semilineali, corolla? (ex sicco 
forte rubral) 15 lin. longae curvulso inferne ancipitis medio paulo 
ampliat® et subquadrialatse superne tetragonao petahs 6 ad medium 
coalitis loriformibus a3quahbus, genitahbus corolla tequilongis, 
filamentis ad medium usque tubo corollino adnatis anthens lmeari- 
bus adnatis, stigmate subgloboso. . 

In prov. Cantonensi, secus fl. North Eiver, m. Januano 18/9 
legit Dr. C. Gerlach. (Herb, propr. n. 20792.) 

This seems to me most nearly allied to the Australian L. dictyo- 
Phhbm, F. von Muell. Amongst all the species I am acquainted 
with I know no other with similar opposite bractlets, nor do 1 find 
such alluded to in the arrangement sketched out a tew years since 
by Prof. Oliver. (Journ. Linn. Soc. vn. 97 sqq.) 

49. Salix pentandra, Linn. ? Ad Pmg^vu, juxta Ka-slnng (piov. 

Kiang-su ?) d. 15 Apr. 1877 coll. F. B. Forbes. 

The serratures of the leaves are incumbent , id more conspicuous 
than in the English plant ; but as far as he specimens -female 
and in flower-enable me to judge, it must be referred here. If 1 



am correct in my determination the Upper Amur is the nearest 




- flavo rubentibus obtecto, spica oblonga 7-pollica n 

ovatis glabris vivide coccineis H pott, longis ™^™™> 

floribus ?, seminibus piceis nitidissmus arillo albo laceio- 

In alveis umbrosis ins. Hai-nan, ml lavas, m. Dec. 18/8 coil, 
cl. W. Hancock. (Herb, propr. n. 20747.) 

Closely allied to Z. Castummar, Boxb. 



302 SPICILEGIA FLOR.E SINENSIS. 



51. Arisama curvatum, Kth. In montibus Fen-wang-shan, 
prope Shanghai, d. 13 Maii 1877 coll. am. F. B. Forbes. Only 
found hitherto, I beheve, in the mountains of Upper India. 

52. Carex aristata, R. Br. In collibus Feng-wang-shan, prov. 
Kiang-su, d. 30 Apr. 1877 coll. F. B. Forbes. The female spikes 
are rather longer and less compact than in Dr. Boott's figure 
(Illust. Car., t. 59), or than in a specimen from Shan-si, certainly 
referable here, which I received unnamed from the Abbe David, but 
I do not think they can be specifically distinguished. Dr. Boott 
(/. c, p. 22), seems to lay stress on the hairy sheaths and leaves. 
They are quite or almost smooth in my specimens from both 
the above localities, and Treviranus had already pointed out (in 
Ledeb. Fl. Boss. iv. 317) that C. drymophila, Turcz., is merely 
a smooth form. 

53. C. Sampsoni, Hance. Cum priore, sed mulfco rarius occur- 
rebat cl. Forbes, d, 22 Aprilis 1877. This, though a much finer 
better developed specimen than Mr. Sampson's Amoy plant, on 
which I founded the species, is certainly the same. The Ta-hu 
Lake plant referred to by Mr. Hemsley as different from any 
he had seen at Kew (Journ. Bot. xiv. 210) is also identical, as I 
know from an examination of the example submitted to him. 

^ 54. C. gracilis, R. Br. E montosis circa Ning-po, a. 1871 
misit b. Swinhoe. Now, I believe, first recorded from China. 

55. G. hcterolepis, Bge. In udis ad radices montium Pak-wan 
extra Cantonem, Maio 1879 leg. Sampson. The specimens agree 
in every respect with Peking and Jehol ones gathered by Dr. Wells 
Williams and Pere David. Heretofore only known from the 
neighbourhood of Peking. 

56. Pollinia articidata, Trin. In collinis juxta Amoy, Oct., 
1857 ; circa Whampoa copiose occurrit, m. Octobri florens. 

& 57. Eragrostis Nevinii, sp. nov. Badice valide fibrosa, culmis 
1£ pedalibus teretibus glaberrimis erectis, foliis culmo brevioribus 
nervosis aeuminatis margine involutis cum vaginis pilis longis 
tuberculo insidentibus obsitis, panicuLne angustae contracts race- 
moso-compositr-e 2f-5 pollicaris ramis alternis breviter pedi- 
cellatis simplicibus a basi divisis 2-6 stachyis, axillis nudis, spiculis 
12-20 floris imbricatis lineari-lanceolatis pallicle purpurascenti- 
aeneis, valvula inferiore mucronata dorso minute serrulata nervo 
laterali recto, superiore triente breviore dense breviciliata. 

Secus fl. North Biver, ad angiportum Tsing-yiin, m. Octobri 



1876 leg. Eev. J. C. Nevin, alibique in prov. Cantonensi non rara 



occurrit. (Herb, propr. n. 20602.) 

This, which is probably the grass referred to in my Supplement 
to the Hong-Kong Flora as a form of E. ,/miciilata, N. ab E., 
connecting that species with K. zeylanwa, N. ab E., is undoubtedly 
very close to both species. Mr. Nevin, however, to whom I have 
dedicated it, has always insisted on its distinctness from both, and 
I am now persuaded that he is right. He indeed, after comparing 
it carefully with all the species in my herbarium, considered it 
nearest the South African K. chalcantha, Trin. ; but, though it 
greatly resembles the latter in habit and inflorescence, I do not 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 303 

doubt that its true position is between E. geniculata and E. zey- 
lanica, to the former of which it is most closely allied. It seems 
constant, and can easily be distinguished by habit from both. 

59. Poa nemomlis, Linn., var. Versus cacumen montis Po- 
hua-shan, Chin* bor., alt. 6-7000 ped., m. Junio 1875 coll. 
Dr. 0. a Moellendorff. For the determination I am indebted 
to the kindness of General Munro and Sir Joseph Hooker. The 
panicle is linear, simple and much contracted, and this gives 
it a look very unlike the usual form of the species in Europe. 
General Munro says that it resembles Hakodadi specimens in the 
elongated glumes and the 2-flowered spikelets. An addition to the 

Chinese flora. „ _, ,, ._. 

60. Cheihmthes argmiea, Kze. Secus fl. North River, prov. 

Cantonensis, m. Jan." 1879 coll. Dr. Gerlach. The first record of 
this fern from Southern China. 



* * A few of the plants mentioned in the foregoing fasciculus 
as new to China have been already recorded in M Maximowicz s 
« Fragmenta ad nor* Asi* orientalis cognitionem govern, Mesas. 
Baker and Spencer Moore's ■ Contributions to the Flora of Norton 
China,' and perhaps elsewhere. With this exp lanation I le aye my 
manuscript just as it was written, most of it having been drawn 
up long ago, and a press of other avocations having alone pie- 
vented its being arranged in order and sent to press earlier. 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR 

EXPEDITION OF 1875-6. 
By Henry Chichester Hart, B.A., Naturalist to H.M.S. 

' Discovery.' 

(Concluded from p 242.) 

So I , V OT y plentiful along the southern shore £ Hayes 
,nd. Common \ Diseovery Bay - W-'SLt 11. W F. 



Sound, 
with 



and coll. Moss), 

E. polystachyum, L., var. i 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15 7 . G 



mjustifoli 



Common at Disco. 

Orannnea . 



Alopecurus alpimis, L. r»Q°i9' to R3° 4'. 

Dist. 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 18. Lat. 68 4- . te M4 

Perhaps the most widely spread plant f^l***"™ • 
and m nil probability grows in the ^^^^S^ 

yellow Popp P y ArcticWmow '^V*g*ffi& *£*•*£, 

^^ttFJSl ' Veiy h-iriant and handsome 



304 ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 

at Disco, where it was from a foot to eighteen inches in height. 
The chief vegetation about the settlements, and very rank upon 
organic matter, as gaano at Poulke Fiord and Cape York. In 
Discovery Bay, though common, this grass is seldom more than 
four inches in height, always growing singly and never forming a 
sward; nor does it scatter its purple pollen — its chief beauty at 
more southerly stations. Floeberg Beach and Cape Joseph Henry 

(H. W. F.) 

Sea-level to 1400 feet in Discovery Bay. 

Plileum alpinum, L. 

Dist. - 2. Lat. 72° 20'. G. 

Only met with at Proven. Lange gives G9° 14' as northern 

range of this plant in Greenland. 

Hierochloe aljnna, L. 

Dist. 1 2 3 - - - 7. Lat. 69° 14' to 78° 50'. W. and G. 
Disco ; especially luxuriant and handsome at Proven ; Deserted 
Village, Hayes Sound. 

] h'schawpsiu ccespitosa, Beauv. 

Dist. 12. Lat. 81° 42'. W. 

Discovery Bay ; not known from the west coast of Greenland. 

Trisetum subspicatiun, Beauv. 

Dist. 12 12. Lat. 69° 14' to 81° 42'. W. and G. 

Disco and Proven ; not again seen till Discovery Bay, where it 
grows on Mount Cartmel and on Bellot Island ; very luxuriant at 
Proven. 

Sea -level to 700 feet at Discovery Bay. 

Colpodtum latifuliion, Br. 

Dist. 12 3 12. Lat. G9° 14' to 81° 50'. W. & G. 

Not unfrequent in Discovery Bay, usually on wet places near 
the sea — as far north as Shift Rudder Bay. 

Phippsza alyida, Br. 






Dist. 8 9 - - 12. Lat. 79° 30' to 81° 42'. W 



orman 



1 



in Discovery Bay, growing in mud by the sea-edge on grounc 
which is flooded by spring-tides. 

Sea-level to 100 feet on Walrus Island. 

Glycerin angustata, Br. (G. festucafonms, Host., Poa awjus- 
tat a, Br.) 

Dist. 1 6 - 8 ... 12. Lat. 69° 14' to 81° 42'. W. & G. 

Confined to the sea coast; Englishman's Bay, Disco; Cape 
Sabine and Walrus Island (coll. Moss) ; Gould Bay (coll. Copp.) ! 
frequent in Discovery Bay and Watercourse Bay to the north east. 

Poa prat s, L. (and vars.) 

Dist, -2 — 5. Lat. 72° 20' to 78° 18'. E. and G. 
Proven and Foulke Fiord. 

P. nemoralis, L. (P. easia, Sin.) 

Dist. 1 7 12. Lat G8° 42' to 81° 42'. W. and Gh 

Disco; Twin Glacier, Hayes Sound; common in Discovery Bay. 



ON THE BOTANY OF THE BRITISH POLAR EXPEDITION. 305 



P. Jlexuosa, Wahl. 

Dist. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13. Lat. 68° 42' to 82° 50'. 
E., W., and G. 

The forms P. cenisia, All., P. arctica, Br., P. lax a, Haenke, and 
P. abbreviata, Br., occurred, but it is impossible often to separate 
them. P. abbreviate appeared to be the commonest form to the 
north. Polaris Bay (coll. Copp.) ; Floeberg Beach and Cape 
Joseph Henry (H. W. V.) 

Sea-level to 1500 feet in Discovery Bay. 

P. alpina, L. 

Dist. 1 6-8-10-12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. E.,W.,&G. 

Disco ; Cape Sabine ; Walrus Island ; Bessels Bay (coll. Moss) 
and Discovery Bay. Bare to the north and nowhere plentiful. 
Lange gives 70° as northern limit in Greenland. 

Festtica ovina, L. 

Dist. 1 2. Lat. G9° 15' to 72° 20'. 
Disco and Proven. 

F. or lit a, L., var. brevi folia, R. Br. 

Dist. 1 2 3 - 5 6 - 8 -- 11 12 13. Lat. 69° 15' to 82° 27'. 

E., W., and G. 

Not so common as Poa fiexuosa iu Discovery Bay ; flowering 

late and rarely. Floeberg Beach (H. W. F.) 

Elyrmti arenarius, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

Shore on both sides of Godhavn, Disco. 

. ACOTYLEDONES. 



FUices. 



Poli/pod i inn Dryopterii, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 16'. GK :. . + 

Growing profusely with holly fern close to the shore at 

Englishman's Bay, Disco. The oak fern has not been previously 

discovered in Arctic Greenland ; Lange gives its northern limit at 



64° 10'. 



Woodsia ilvensis, B. Br. 



Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15' to 69° 42'. G. 

Disco, at Lyngemarken ; Englishman's Bay, &c, Rittenbank 



(coll. Copp.) 



Dist."- 7. Lat. 78° 50'. W. 



, "Edward's Grief," Hayes Sound, August 4, 1875. Very 
abundant. Not known in North America except Canada , and 
arctic elsewhere only in Europe and Greenland. 

W. glabella, Br. _ . ' 

, W& "the" last, 7 common! 8 Ilso at Twin Glacu r Valley, close by 
(coll. Moss). This fern, though arctic m Last Ab«^ 
appear in Greenland; the occurrence of these two together is 

therefore very remarkable. 9 w 



306 



HE 



Custopteris f rami is, Bernh. 

Dist. 1 6 7 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 44'. W. & G. 

Common at Disco. Plentiful with the last two at Hayes Sound. 
Ballot Island and Cape Murchison, Discovery Bay. Cape 
Murchison, lat. 81° 43' N., is the highest latitude at which a fern 
has been gathered, near Cape Sabine (H. W. F.) 

C.fragiUs, Bernh., var. dentata, Sm. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

In exposed situations near Godhavn. Having the confluent 
sori, and fronds barely twice pinnate of this variety ; also with the 
young pinnae reflexed. 

Polystichum LonchiHs, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 15'. G. 

In great profusion at sea-level in Englishman's Bay, Disco. 
Neither the Holly Fern nor the Oak Fern are recorded from Disco 
by Brown (' Florula Discoana'). 

Fquisetacecc. 

Equisetvm variegatum, L. 

Dist. 1 ' 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. W. and G. 

Englishman's Bay and Lyngemarken, Disco ; did not again 



meet with it except sparingly in these places at Discovery 13ay 



i 



near the harbourage. 

800 feet on Mount Cartmel. 



E. arvense, L. 

Dist. 1 7 12. Lat. 69° 15' to 81° 42'. W. & G. 

With the last in Englishman's Bay, Disco, and at Hayes 
Sound ; Bellot Island, Discovery Bay, and on low ground near the 
ship. Always preferring low levels. 



Lycopodhtm Selayo, L. 



* 

Lycopodiacew. 



Dist. 1 2 - - - 7. Lat. G9° 14' to 72° 20'. G. 
Disco, Kittenbank, and Proven ; Hayes Sound. 

L. annotimun, L. 

Dist. 1. Lat. 69° 14 r . G. 
Disco. 

Note, — In support of the theory which I have put forward m 
my introductory remarks, namely, that in the higher latitudes 
visited by our expedition the duration of the sun's power is too 
brief to enable flowering plants to ripen their seeds, and that m 
fact no annuals occur, I may mention that a large series of appa- 
rently ripe seeds, taken from almost all the species occurring at 
the stations visited, has been submitted to Messrs. Moore and 
Burbidge, of the GhiMievin and College Botanic Gardens, Dublin, 
and that their efforts to obtain even a single seedling were 

unsuccessful. 






307 



ENUMEKATIO ACANTHACEARUM HERBARII 

WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 

Auctoke S. Le M. Moore. 

(Continued from p. 270.) 

Neuracanthus, Nees. 

N. decorus (sp. nov.)-Herba peremiis radice crassiuscula 
pluricaulis, caulibus pcdalibus erectis pubescentibus dernum leie 
glabris, foliis subsessilibus rigidulis oblanceolato-obovatis unm- 
tissime denticulatis subtus conspicue reticulars vix glabris, SP 1 ™ 
subsessilibus vel foliis deficientibus pedunculitis de f n ™ u * ,?f 
5 cm. longis, bracteis ovatis breviter acummatis flavidojillosul s 
calycis villosuli labiis fere ajqualibus lobis altar* f^« 
lanceolatis aoutis, corolla, labio postico breviter 2-lobo lob s ovataa 
obtusis antico vix integro limbo extus pdos longos stngosos ferente 

tubo basi dilatato, capsula ignota. , mnmiim ^ 

Hab. In collinis ropestribus duinetosis inter lacum magnum de 

Ivantala et Quilongues rarior. (No. 5057.) nhscure 

Folia usque ad 9-0 cm. long, et 2-5 cm. U,iqi otacure 

subtus flavescente viridia. Pedunculi ad 6-0 ™' l W-j£^ 

circiter 1-0 cm. long, et 0-6 cm. lat. Corolla albido-purpurascens, 

1*0 cm. longitudine. 

Species insignis cum nulla comparabms. 

N. scaber (sp. nov.)-Caule valido ramoso mterdum ri nodes 
tumido fere omnlno glabro, foliis firm* breviter J eta ^°^£ 
ovato-lanceolatis brevissime apiculatis utnnque Rugose hn.mo 
pilosis nonnunquam fere glabris obscure f^XXc^afo 
vel terminalibus abbreviate subglobosis, ^» ^^ £ ue 
vel ovato-lanceolatis apice acuminatis ac revera mduratis con i 

nervosis extus pilosis vel vix glabris ^^V^^Jf^oto labio 
aqualiter lobati lobis lineari-lam.eo atis a— ^ X5>k>nga 
postico 2-dentato antico breviter 3-lobo, capbuia 
apice breviter rostrata nitida 2-sperma. ,^ 

Hab. In collinis edit, agri Loandensis prope Boa I 

50G4, 5125, 5128, 5171.) uolvcephala. Folia usque 

Herba suffrutescens radice ^^W^ m 

ad 6-5 cm. long, et 3-5 cm. l^.^o nm 1" et 2-5 cm. lat. 
0-5 cm. long., validi. Spic* circiter 2-0 cm. ^£ Uo 

Bractea. ad 1-5 cm. long., P «^ ' £ ^ rulescentes. 

b^quilaterales. Flores ex albo-lacteo palhd^ .me * ^ 

Calyx sub tiore 1-3 cm. long., lobi -8 c m. 1 on-, u P 
lateralibus paullo brevioribus. Capsula 8 icm. io o- . bus ^ 

X. Lmrii, Wight proxima, sed fohis, biacteis 

ccelo diversa. , . Person's and Klotzscli's 

time of the P«W lcatl0 " ™ m A ?S * Four species from 
ImracavthH* was known from Africa. 1 



At the 
papers no Neui 



this continent have now been described. 



308 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM 

ASYSTASIA, Bl. 

A. gangetiea, T. And. 

Hab. In distrr. Huilla, Golungo Alto et Gelia do Principe. 

(Nos. 5170, 5160, 5196, 5206, 5131, 5050.) 

All the specimens with numbers here quoted belong to the 
species as understood by Anderson, although they differ considerably 
amoii£ themselves. 



A. Welwitschii (sp. nov.) — Caule erecto ramoso eximie quad- 
rangulari scabro superne pubescente, foliis sparsis subsessilibus 
lanceolatis acutis vel acuminatis margine undulatis utrinque 
scabris, spica erecta elongata folia multoties excedente, floribus 
formosis in axillis foliorum iloralium parvorum pubescentum 
solitariis vel oppositis, bracteis lanceolatis quam calyx brevioribus, 
calycis 5-partiti lobis elongatis linearibus subulatis pubescentibus, 
corollas majuscule puberulae tubo leviter incurvo mox in faucem 
latam campanulatam expanso limbi lobis late ovatis obtusis, 
staminibus 4 perfectis per paria lateralia insertis et breviter con- 
natis loculis suba^qualibus uno loculo altius affixo breviter 
biappendiculatis coimectivo lato, stylo glabriusculo bilobo, ovario- 
glabro, capsula . 

Hab. Frequentiss. ubique in dumetis circa Presidium et ad 
dumeta prope Cazellas distr. Pungo Andongo necnon rarior 
in pascius dumetosis pr. Lopollo distr. Huilla. (Nos. 5188, 5105, 
5039). 

Herba 2-4 pedalis, e radice lignescente multicaulis erecta vel 
ascendens. Folia 4-0—7-0 em. long., 1-2-3-0 cm. lat. Spic# 
nondum absolute evolutse ad 16-0 cm. long. Calycis lobi 1*3 cm. 
long. Corolla albo-rosea, vix 3-5 cm. long., limbus ejus 2-0 cm. 
diam. 

A. Ghanaian, nob. huic proxima punctis multis ea discrepat. 

Species dubia. 
No. 5159. Specimen maxime imperfectum. An hujus generis 

Eeanthemum, L. 

E. ntgrtiiamim, T. And. 

Hab. In sylvis primitivis umbrosis liuroidis ipsius Prsesidii 
Mata de Pungo distr. Pungo Andongo. (Nos. 5177, 5192.) 

Suffrutex gracilis basi lignescens 1-2-pedalis, foliis tenuiter 
coriaceis lucidulis. Flores caerulei vel intense violaceo-crerulescentes. 

Lepidagathis, Willi 
L. pai.i.escens (sp. nov.) — Caule stricto obscure quadrangular 1 
pui.eseenti hirsutulo, foliis subsessilibus firmis lanceolatis obtusi- 
usculis basi attenuatis subtus prfleaertim ad nervos pilis strigosis 
appn -ssis notatis, spicis breviter subcylindricis in axillis superionbus 
positis vix sessilibus, bracteis ovatis acuminatis vel acutis subngubs 
crobre eb ^anterque nervosis basi pubescentibus, calycis biennis 
ovato-binceolatis acuminatis (lateralibus lineari-lanceolatis) ciliolatis 
scaiiosis anticis liberis, corolbe tubo sub fauce arete constricto 
limbi puberuli labio postico ovato-oblongo brevissinic 2-lobo antico 



9 



9 ' L 



ISflBElH 



TaL.213. 




wm 



J-Nyvt Witch d*leth£k. 



foi, ?&wrK<vn.$t,Cori*nf> . 




A$y sta si a Welwits c hi i ; Moan 



mmm 



Quita 



HERBARII WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 809 

3-partito lobis late ovatis omnibus obtusissimis, antheris glabris, 
disco breviter cupulari ovula quoque in loculo 2, capsula ignota, 

Hab. Sparsim ad latera sylvarum in arenosis prope 
distr. Pungo Andongo. (No. 5084.) 

Herba ut videter perennis. Folia ad 6-0 cm. long, et 1-0 cm. 
lat. Spic^e circiter 2*0 cm. long, et 1-0 cm. lat., baud interrupt®. 
BractesB circiter 1-0 cm. longitudine, minores vero ad basin exstant. 
Calycis laciniae antics 1-3 cm. longre prope ad apicem 8-nervite 
lateralibus paullo brevioribus 1-nerviis. Corollie albida-roseie 
tubus 0*7 cm. long., superne pubescens. 

Species insignia ab omnibus africanis quam maxime aliena. 

Species dubia. 
No. 5104 videtur L. &p, sed specimen valde mancum. 

Isochoriste, Miq. 

I. africana (sp. liov.) — Caule tenui angulato ad nodos tumido 
lbique puberulo, foliis membranaceis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis 
glabris basi in petiolum gracilem perlongum gradatim desinentilnis, 
innorescentia foliis subaequilonga, floribus geminis, bracteis bracteo- 
nsque minimis linearibus, calycis lobis lineari-lanceolatis glabris, 
corollae tubo i>ro genere brevi ac lato liinbilabio postico 2-lobo lobis 
oblongis antico aestivatione extimo 3-lobo lobis ovatis lobo mediano 
inajore, staminibus subexsertis antherarum loculis paruni inaequali- 
bus basi brevissime aristulatis, disco prominente, ovario oblongo 
2-ovulato, stylo capitellato, capsula . 

Hab. Distr. Pungo Andongo in sylvestribus dumetosis prope 
Quilange. (No. 5073.) 

Herba 2-3-pedalis. Folia ad 7*0 cm. efc petioli ad 3*0 cm. long. 
Bracteae 1-5 cm. long., quam bracteolae majores. Calyx circiter 
2'5 cm. long., pedicellos paullo excedens, ex sicco ater. Corollas 
tubus vix 0*G cm. long., labium superius tubo longius ; flores 
rosei, nervosi, intus levissime puberuli. Stamina ad faucem tubi 
affixa; filainenta parum arcuata; anthers 0-1 cm. long., glabrae, 
ad marginem membranaceae. 

A genere a Miquelio proposito discedit corolla tubo brevi necnon 
antherarum loculis parum imequalibus ac basi aristulatis. 

No. 5078 forma parvifolia videtur liujus speciei. Flores ejus 
aon vidi, sed capsula longe stipitata acutiuscula fere 3-0 cm. long., 
cinerea. beinina 0-5 cm. diam., cinerea, sicca rugosula. 

MoNOTHECIOI, Hoclist. 

M. aristatum, T. And. (Anthoeometes, Nees). 

Hab. In sylvaticis M. de Queta Occident, supra Ndelle distr. 
Golungo Alto necnon in distr. Pungo Andongo sine loci indicatione. 
fNoa, 5134, 5155, 5197, 5198.) 

JUSTICIA, L. 

§ H clonic a. 

J * Betoniea, L. 

Hab. In distrr. Pungo Andongo et Iluilla. (Nos. 5043, 5111.) 



giO ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM 

Hujus exstant formas duas, viz. :— # 

i. Forma normalis bracteis decolonbus viride reticulatis. 
ii". Forma foliis majoribus bracteis amplioribus viridibus. 

■ 

* 

§ EOSTELLAEIA. 

J lolioides (sp. nov.) — Bipollicaris, caule obsolete quad- 
ran»ulari scabriusculo, foliis rigidis sessilibus lineanbus obtusis, 
spiels elongatis interruptis, bractea bracteolisque lanceolato-oblongis 
obscure ciliolatis uninerviis carinatis subhyalmis, ealycis lacmns 
bracteolis jequilongis inter se subacqualibus lanceolatis yel lmean- 
lanceolatis acuminatis vel acutis ad medium saltern longitudnialiter 
trinerviis superue binerviis apice uninerviis subhyalmis obscure 
ciliolatis, corolla pubescentis tubo quam limbus paullo longiore a 
basi gradatim parumque ampliato, capsula oblongo-ovata m stipitem 
brevem contracta apice acuta nitida, semine quove in loculo 
solitario lsevi retinaculo truncato fulto. 

Hab. In apricis sylvaticis sublmmidis de Mata de MentoUo 

distr. Pungo Andongo. (Nos. 5090, 5178.) 

Folia 4-0-G-5 cm. long, et circiter 0-2 cm. lat., glabra, ex sicco 
ascendentia. Florum rbacliis bilateraliter compressa. Bracteolra 
0-8 cm. long, et 0-1 cm. lat., fere omnino glabra?, siccitate pallide 
lutescentes atrateque nervosae. Corolla? tubus 0-5 cm. long. Cap- 
sula 0-8 cm. long. Semina compressa. 

J. procumbmti, L. affmis sed de foliis comparate longioribus ac 
rigidis et bracteis majoribus obscure ciliolatis ex sicco flavescentibus 
primo intuitu diversa ; praebet itaque varietatem sequentem speciei 

Linnseanae majus affinem. 

Var. latifolia foliis lineari-lanceolatis apice induratis 3-4 cm. 

long. 0*6 cm. lat. rigidiusculis, infiorescentia typi. 

Hab. In pascuis parce graminosis subsiccis sylvestribus inter 

rt. • -* rf~* -1 -■ • . TV 1 1 /\T f f\f\{\ \ 



Quisonde 



(No. 5099.) 



J. plicata, Vahl var. foliis oblongo-ovalibus obtusiusculis, 
bracteis elongatis attenuatis siccitate atris. Flores luteL 

Hab. In pascuis sylvaticis pr. Mumpulla distr. Huilla, nec * on 
in distrr. Golungo Alto, Pungo Andongo et Huilla. (Nos. 506b, 

5036, 5074, 5097, 5135, 5183.) - 

There is considerable diversity in the size and number oi seeds 

on the same specimen in this species. 

Caule robusto paullo nodoso subquadran- 



SCABRIDA 



gulari longitudmaliter canaliculato erebre pubescenti-villoso, lo n 
firmis subsessilibus lanceolatis obtusis margine levissime undula i 
pagina inferiore pallidiore appresse strigoso-pubescentibus supcnoi 
scabridis, spicis pedunculatis attenuatis foliis brevioribus v 
subiequalibus, bracteis quam flores maturos paullo brcviorim 
lineari-lanceolatis obtusiusculis puberulis ciliolatis, ealycis laC11 l 1 . 
5 fere jequalibus lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis quam bractese mu _ 
minoribus, corolla tubo basi ampliato limbuin ac calycem ^eqtiai^ 
labio postico breviter 2-fido, filamentis crassiusculis leviter toiu 



^^fc»= ■ ■ ■ ■-= — 



Tat.214^. 




'^Fitoi cUL.ttHiK. 



WeS *n 



1. Justicia loHoides , S. Moore.. ?, . J cleomoides, S. Moore. 



HERBARII WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 311 

majore ac calcar bene evolutuin apice bicrurum gerente, stylo 
obtuso, capsula ignota. 

Hab. Earior ad dnmeta prope Condo, Nbille et Buniba distr. 
Pungo Andongo. (Nos. 5085, 5092.) 

Ex affinitate J. palustm (Adhatoda, Nees) sed caule pubescenti- 
villoso, et foliis majus coriaceis ac scabridis, et floribus multo 
majoribus ab ea distincta: itaque ob notas citatas a J. pticata, Vahl 
et J. minor e, Anders, baud longe distare videtur. 

Herba 2-3 pedalis ereeta scoparie raniosa. Caulis 2-4 cm. 
crassus. Folia 4-8*5 cm. long, et 1-2-5 cm. lat. : petioli 0-2-0-8 
cm. long., pubescenti-villosi. Bractese circiter l'O cm. long., 
0-15-0-22 cm. lat., firmiuscuhe, siccse baud atrata?. Calyx 0-7 cm. 
long., lobi ejus divaricati, puberuli. Corolla labii antici lobi ovato- 
rotundati, postici ovati, obtusi. 

J. monechmoides (sp. nov.) — Caule subtetragono crebre stri- 
goseque puberulo longitudinaliter canaliculato, foliis membranaceis 
breyipetiolatis lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis scabriusculis, spicis 
sessilibus terminalibus vel axillaribus folia equantibus vel iis revera 
longioribus vel abbreviatis, bract eis amplis ovatis vel oblongo- 
ovatis acutis viscoso-hirsutis calycem occulentibus, calycis lobis 
5 subaequalibus linearibus birsutulis, corollas tubo quam calyx 
breviore e basi levissime dilatato labio postico brevissime 2-lobo 
fere integro, antberis valide calcaratis, disco integro, ovario oblongo- 
ovoideo brevissime stipitato, stigmate obtuso, capsula obovoidea 
levissime rostrata sericeo-pubescente, seminibus quave in capsula 
2 Iambus retinaculis truncatis sufiultis. 

Hab. In dumetosis humidiusculis ad Imbondeiro dos Lobos 
distr. Loando. (Nos. 5065, 5123, 5140, 5184.) 

Herba 1|— 2-pedalis, laete viridis, ereeta, basi pauce ramosa. 
Folioruni lamina ad 5-0 cm. long, et 2-5 cm. lat. ; petioli usque ad 
0*7 cm. long., crebre puberuli. Spicae 0-(j-4-0 cm. long, et 1-0 cm. 
lat., alternse (an rarissime opposite?). BracteaB 0-7-0-8 cm. 
longitudine, siccse virides. Flores albi, indt ores. Calycis lobi et 
corolla 0-5 cm. et capsula 0-7 cm. long. Semina segve 0-3 cm. 
diam., obscure reniformia, nitida. 

This very distinct species, as its name imports, has a great 
resemblance to the section Monechma. The essential character of 
that section, unfortunately overlooked by Bentham in the ' Genera, 1 
is that the spikes are in opposite axils, a character which is not 
possessed by the spikes of J. monechmoides, unless perhaps near the 
point where they change from axillary to terminal. 

J. LiETA (sp. nov.) — C ule erecto tetragono cinereo patenti- 
pubescente, foliis amplis membranaceis ovato lanceolat cuspidatis 
e basi attenuata in petiolum brevem abeimtibus utrinque \n\ eipue 
vero subtus piloso-pubescentibus, spicis axillaribus pedunculitis ac 
tlnysoideo-teriiiiiialibus, brack bracteolisque subiequalibus ovato- 
lanceolatis sublivalino membranaceis trinerviis extua puberulis 
margine ciliolatis, calycis lobis quam corolla' tubus paullo 
brevioribus lanceolatis bracteis bracteolisque consimilibus lobo 
quinto deficiente, corollte tubo satis elongate a basi ipsa gradatim 



312 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM 

amplificato labio postico integro quain anticum breviore, filamentis 
filiforcnibus antheris graciliter calcaratis, disco integro, stylo 

obtuso. 

Hab. In distr. Pungo Andongo in collinis dumetosis inter 

Condo et Quisonde necnon in rupestribus de Fonte de Casambo. 

(Nos. 5081, 5108.) 

Herba perennis, 2-3-pedalis, rliizomate lignescente multicaulis. 
Caulis 0-3 cm., crassus. Folia ad 10-0 cm. long, et fere 4-0 cm. 
lat. ; petioli circiter 1-5 cm. long., tenues. Pedunculi spicarum 
axillarum ad 2-5 cm. long., pubescentes. Bractese 0-8 cm. long. 
Calycis latinise vix 1-0 cm. longitudine. Corolla amoenissime 
violaceae tubo aegre 0*9 cm. et labium anticum l'O cm. long. 

Capsula ignota. 

Mihi videtur ad J. petiolarem, E. Mey. proxime accedere ab 

ilia vero multis de notis discedit. 

J. mossamedea (sp. nov.) — Caule ramoso lignescente parum 
geniculato pilis patentibus glanduloso-villoso dein villosulo, foliis 
sat sparsis breviter petiolatis oblanceolatis vel lineari-oblanceolatis 
mucronulatis sen brevissime cuspidulatis pubescentibus, floribus 
axillaribus solitariis fere omnino sessilibus, bracteis calycem 
seqiiantibus linearibus glanduloso-villosulis, calycis lobis lobo 
quinto omnino deficient^ 4 sequalibus linearibus obtusiusculis 
prominenter 1-nerviis glanduloso-villosulis, corollae tubo calyci 
subaequilongo sat lato vix ampliato extus superne pubescente labio 
postico 2 -lobo antico amplo ad faucem angustato, filamentis 
crassiusculis basi glabris antberarum loculis subsequalibus loculo 
superiore incurvo-calcarato, disco cyathiformi, capsula compressa 
ovoideo-oblonga acuminata superne puberula 2-sperma, seminibus 
maturis plano-convexis circularibus nigropunctulatis glabris nitidis. 

Hab. In distr. Mossamedes ad Arimo de Sr. Viana ; itaque ad 
latus mont. calcar. inter Mossamedes et Cavalheiros. (Nos. 5003, 
5004.) 

Herba a basi ramosa. Caulis circiter 0-2 cm. crassus ; inter- 
nodia plerumque 3-4 cm. long. Folia 2-0-3-5 cm. long., membran- 
acea. Calyx 0-5 cm., corolla vix 1-0 cm. et capsula 0-5 cm. 
longitudine. Flores violaceo-purpurei. Semina 0-22 cm. diam. 

Species inter affines pilis glandulosis primo intuitu cognoscenda. 
Huic proxima exstat . 

J. Nepeta (sp. nov.) — Eamosa foliosa pubescenti-villosa caulibus 
tenuibus subteretibus ad nodos incrassatis internodiis brevibus, 
foliis fere omnino sessilibus lineari-oblanceolatis obtusis vel acutius- 
culis, floribus in axillis solitariis sessilibus, bracteis foliis similibus 
quam ea vero minoribus calycem amplectantibus, calycis laciniis 
4 subaequalibus linearibus pubescenti-villosis in partem superiorem 
lsete viritlibus, corolla paiTulse puberulflB tubo quam calyx paullo 
breviore superne radatiin ac leviter amplificato labio postico 
ovato-oblongo breviter bilobo labii antici lobis suboequalibus ovatis, 
filamentis dilatatis antberarum loculo inferiore majore calcari 
incurvo appeudiculato, ovario conico glabro, stylo firmo leviter 
incurvo pra)sertim inferne villoso -pubescente apice obtuso, ovulo 



HERBARU WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 313 

unico, capsula ovoideo-oblonga breviter et valide stipitata apice 
rostellato superne pubescente, seminibus laevibus cinereis rctinaculis 
incur vis fultis. 

Hab. Earior in dunietis arenosis vel argillaceis ferrugineis 
prope Boa Vista agri Loandensis. (No. 5185.) 

Herba erecta vel ascendens. Folia 1-0-2-5 cm, long., medio 
0-4-0-5 cm. lat., secus lineam medianam conspicue 1-nervata. 
Bractese 0*7 cm. long., 0*1 cm. lat., erectre. Calycis lacinite 0-4 
cm., erectae. Corolla 0-6 cm. long., violaceo-purpurea. Ovarium 
0-1 cm. long. Capsula fere 0*6 cm. long., pallide brunnea. Semina 
0-15 cm. diam. 

J. cleomoides (sp. liov.) — Tota planta pills pateutibus hirsuta, 
caule folioso ramoso lignescente subquadrangulari, foliis membran- 
aceis brevipetiolatis late spatliulatis obtusissimis, floribus in axillis 
solitariis pedunculatis, bracteis linearibus acutis, calycis laciniis 
5 asqualibus bracteolis consimilibus iis vero longioribus, corollte 
majusculaB fere 2-0 cm. longae tubo lato e basi leviter ampliato curvato 
glabro labio postico integro antici ampli lobis ovatis acutiusculis, 
filamentis filiformibus basi glabris antherarum loculis subaequali- 
bus loculo inferiore (paullo minore) breviter calcarato, disco 
cupulari, stylo obtuso, capsula oblonga acutata longiuscule stipitata 
superne sericeo-pilosa, capsula 2 sperma, seminibus (immaturis) 
laevibus. 

Hab. In arenosis submaritimis inter Mossamedes et Cavalhciros. 

(No. 5006.) 

Frutex liumilis 1-2 pedalis donsissime ramosus respites hemi- 
sphericas formans. Folia (petiolo incluso) ad 1-5 cm. long, et 1-0 
em. lat. Pedunculus 0-4 cm. long. Bracteohe 1*7 cm. Calvcis 
lacinic-e vix 1*9 cm. et corolla tubus M cm. long. Mores albidi 
labio inferiore violaceo disco flavescente. Capsula 1*4 cm. long. 

J. mouamedm affinis multis de notis vero maxime aliena. 

J. Lazarus p. nov.) — Caule gracili ramoso longitudinaliter 
sulcato puberulo, foliis sparsis lineari-lanceolatis fere lmeanbus 
obtusis vel acutis vix intcgris basi in petiolum brevcm attenuates 
glabris lsete viridibus, floribus parvulis in axillis sessilibus, bracteis 
oblanceolatis obtusis calyci aequilongis puberulis, calycis^ lacmns 
5 subajqualibus anguste lineari-lanceolatis acutis fere glabris dorso 
eximie carinatis, corolla* tubo calycem paullo excedente a basi 
sensim ampliato labio postico ovato integro, filamentis parum 
flexuosis, antherarum loculo inferiore majore calcan recto append- 
iculato, disco cupuliformi, ovario oblongo ovoideo glabro 2-ovulato, 

stylo obtuso. „ . , 

Hab. In sylvaticis umbrosinsculis prope Catumba sed spar- 

issime. (Nos. 5051, 5058.) . . 

Folia ad 4-0 cm. long., plerumque vero minora. BractefiB 
et calyx 0-35 cm. long., liujus tubus et lacmiarum basis de- 
colores. Corolla 0-6 cm. long., albida vel albido-rosea. Capsula 

baud visa. . . . 

Ex aifiiiitate J. rUandifoliu , E. Hey., cujus folia diversiiormia, 

flores multo majores, &c. 

2s 



314 THE COFFEE-LEAF DISEASE. 

Iii the absence of fruit it is impossible to say whether the place 
of this plant is in the present section or in § Harniera. 

No. 5093 (clistr. Pungo Andongo) may perhaps be a larger form 
of this with leaves hairy on the underside. 

(To be continued.) 



THE COFFEE-LEAF DISEASE. 

[Mr. Marshall Ward's Preliminary Report on the Ceylon 
Coffee-leaf disease presents several new and important phenomena 
in the life -history of Hemileia vastatrix. Of even greater interest, 
we venture to think, at this stage of the investigation than these 
facts are the evidences given by the Eeport of the thoroughness of 
the methods which Mr. Ward is employing. The difficulties to be 
met with in any research of this kind cannot easily be over- 
estimated : one of the most troublesome and misleading is the 
presence of foreign fungi. In Europe such at least as commonly 
occur have become more or less familiar, and their connection with 
the subject of investigation is easily determined ; but Mr. Ward has 
to contend with unfamiliar forms (both, apparently, special parasites 
of the coffee -plant and more generally- distributed fungi), all of 
which must be thoroughly traced, as they may possibly be phases of 
the Hemileia. Mr. Ward recognises this difficulty, and is actively 
meeting it ; and we may now hope in due course for details of the 
life-history of this highly interesting fungus. That part of Mr. 
Ward's Report which describes his examinati 



appended.— G. M.1 



examination of the Hemileia is 



Specimens of disease -patches in all stages were selected. Some 
were very small, hardly yellow "pin-spots," only seen when held 
up to the light ; others older, larger, and more oily-looking ; still 
older ones were covered below with the yellow or orange "rust" ; 
while yet further advanced irregular patches presented brown or 
black blotches in the central part, the yellow powder being at the 
edges. 

The microscope establishes the following facts, and I have 
confirmed the observations since by examination of specimens from 
all parts of the coffee- districts, at various elevations and seasons. 

Thin slices of the " pin-spots " and pale yellow patches, taken 
in all directions, and examined fresh or treated with chemical 
reagents, show that this part of the leaf has the passages between 
its cells which lead to the exterior blocked up with a much- 
branched, tubular, coral-like mycelium; the short, stumpy branches 



course 



wans oi tne cells. The contents of the tubes are very granular auu 
oily, usually coloured by a pigment varying from yellow to deep 



orange-red. 



The older patches present similar features exaggerated, but the 
branched tubes of the mycelium have sent peculiar groups ol 
processes outwards through the outlets (stomata) of the epidermis; 



THE COFFEE - 



DISEASE. 315 



on reaching the exterior, the ends of these branches form swellings 
which soon become filled with deep orange-coloured pigment and 
granules, and the groups of bodies seen from above present the 
appearance of rosettes. Since these bodies are easily rubbed ^ off, 
they form a powdery mass on the outside— the so-called "rust." 

Similar examination of the brown or black central blotches 
shows that the leaf-cells have lost most of their contents, turned 
brown, and collapsed; thus the upper and lower surfaces come 
closer together, and such parts are thinner than the rest of the 
leaf. Usually, a number of black dots are seen on the upper and 



lower surfaces. 



iuvver sunauea. 

There can be no doubt that the tubular branched mycelium 
has been feeding upon the contents of the leaf-cells, turning the 
green colouring-matter and other substances into the granular and 
oily masses found within it, and finally passing forth into the 
bodies forming the " rust "-powder ; and when we reflect upon the 
immense quantities of matter thus derived and thrown off from the 
leaves, we may understand in some measure the terrible enect 

produced upon the coffee plant. 

Some of the yellow "rust" was placed in water ona glass 
slide, and examined under the microscope. Each "gram 01 tiie 
powder is a hollow case, somewhat kidney-shaped in longitudinal 
section, and triangular, with one angle downwards, in transverse 
section ; it is narrower at the end attached to the mycelium. Ihe 
upper curved side is studded with papilla or wart-like projections 
of its outer, colourless coat; the two smooth sides converge .below 
to a rounded longitudinal ridge. Such a figure exhibits yaiious 
forms if projected in different positions. As said, tins papillate 
body has granular orange-coloured contents. 

Many of them soon swell in water, and beco me M ^ 
globules of clear fluid (vacuoles) from the "P* «d»pri mtnb tmn 
of water; the papillate body now appears as if •gjJ^gJ^S 
clearer bodies embedded in the coloured mass. These globules are 
not always equal in size, but generally are nea r y so I 11 d avei age 
one-tenth to one-eighth the diameter of the whole ma not only 
by their appearance, refusal to absorb s tain ,ng : eage nts and 
general behaviour, but by the fact that they n jde to 
disappear and reappear 1 am convinced of their fluid natuie 

Others of the papillate ^dies however do no hU^vffdi 
globules, but swell, and soon lose their "*" «^*?^ 
contents become very granular and gre y J^W, *£?. J^ See 
varying from a few hours to a much l «««£ r ?^5^^ 
which are very minute and numerous pass into a Btateofviolen 
motion to and fro in the fluid contents of the P*l f ° ■££ 
This motion is too active to be merely P^L^ *£ £J 
observed too often to be accidental. Alter "^2^™^ 
for some hours, the granules pass out into the smio u dmg * ater, 

and become widely distributed, ^..^Jffi 11 " 
behind ; their ultimate fate is not yet satisiacto iUj est. * he d. 

A piece of leaf, with "rust" on it, was ex posed to «,,« £ and 
was found to become paler. Examination showed that the majonty 



316 THE COFFEE-LEAF DISEASE. 

of the papillate bodies had lost their contents, and remained as 
empty colourless cases ; the further history of the contents has not 

been yet ascertained. 

On February 22nd, during an observation on the moist papillate 
bodies, several of them were found to have emitted tubular processes 
from one to four points of the circumference : these tubes are 
continuations of the inner coat, and the coloured contents pass 
into them. Further observations have shown that one tube usually 
grows to a great length, its cavity is continuous, and no partitions 
form across it ; it takes a curved and even coiled course, and sends 
out many short branches at frequent intervals ; the diameter of 
the tube is about one-fifth the breadth of the papillate body. A 
streaming of the contents is often seen, and the coloured matter 
passes gradually into the ends of the branches. From the above 
facts it is inferred that the papillate bodies are spores, which in 
certain circumstances germinate and produce a tubular mycelium ; 
further facts are mentioned hereafter. 

The minute black dots on the dark parts of old patches are 
found to contain multitudes of very small hyaline spores, budded 
off from the ends of delicate filaments which are matted together 
into a hollow case beneath the epidermis : the cavity becomes filled 
with the spores. These facts are here mentioned because the black 
points are so universal ; they are not yet known to have anything 
in common with the above phenomena beyond what has been now 
stated. 

On March 22nd, the peculiar appearance presented by certain 
patches of "rust" obtained from " Inverness " estate, was shown 
to be due to a different kind of body from the papillate spores. 
The "rust" spots appeared pink rather than orange -coloured, and 
were of a pasty rather than powdery character. Among the 
clusters of papillate spores, their microscope showed certain bodies 
of little more than half the size, quite smooth, crowded with red 
granular matter, and of a shape somewhat like a turnip or peg-top ; 
each was on a narrow stalk, and many had a central boss on the 
top. These are not to be confounded with immature papillate 
spores. 

Associated with the same external features, I have since 
rediscovered these bodies at various places and times, e.g., Maturata 
(March 25th), Ambagamuwa (April 5th), Peradeniya (May and 
June), and extended observations have elicited the following 
information : — ■ 

From the top, opposite the stalked end, a stiff tubular prolongation 
of the turnip-shaped body is sent up ; the coloured contents pass in, 
and when it has reached a length equal to six or eight times that 
of the original body four partitions have cut the tube into as many 
chambers. From each chamber a delicate lateral branch is sent 
forth, which at once buds off a small globule at its tip ; this 
globule receives the coloured contents, falls off, and persists, while 
the rest dies. Here, again, I think we are justified in concluding 
that the turnip-shaped body is a spore ; that on germination it 
produce a short tubular, septate mycelium, whence small spores 



SHORT NOTES. 317 

of another kind (conidia) are budded off: such cases of different 
kinds of reproductive bodies are well known to all mycologists. 

The small globular spores have been made to. germinate, but 
died at an early age in all cases from the attacks of introduced 
organisms (Bacterid, Torulat), &c, which are so troublesome in 

these experiments. 

The question what becomes of the long and curled tubes emitted 
by the papillate spores has been followed up with more success 
lately. The following facts have been obtained by growing the 
spores on the under side of thin glass squares, so arranged as to 
form the roof of a small cell kept moist by wet blotting-paper; 
various contrivances to avoid the introduction of foreign fungi need 

not here be detailed. 

Having attained a considerable length, all the colouring- 
matter, &c, passes along a branch, and a pear-shaped swelling is 
formed at its end ; this receives all the contents, a septum forms 
for the first time, and wo have a swollen reddish body separated oft 
from the empty tube and spore, which shortly die off. 

This coloured body has been seen to send out branches. A 
number of rather large hyaline motile bodies (zoospores) generally 
make their appearance, and two of these have been seen to fuse. 
The connection between these various facts demands further 

enqU f y ' ****** 

Numerous attempts to directly infect coffee-plants with "leaf- 
disease" have as yet failed. I may select the following irom a 
multitude of examples as to methods adopted :— 

1. Papillate spores were sown on the under side ot a young 

leaf, covered with a glass cell, and placed m various 
positions, temperatures, and dry or moist atmospheres 

2. Similar sowings were made on thin slices o coftee hat kept 

moist in glass cells ; some in water, others in various 

solutions. ' , . , ■ 

8. Sections of -disease-spots" were treated as above to try 
and induce the mycelium to spread from the leaf-passages, 
either on to other slices or on to the coftee-leaf . 
4. Several of the spores found on the coffee-leaf have been 
sown as above! The chief cause of failure here has been 
the unavoidable introduction of other forms which increase 
so rapidly as to destroy the selected ones before their 
normal fate has become indicated. 



SHORT NOTES. 



POTYMOaMON TBICHOIOES, CluUH., IN HvST SUFFOLK. - On 

Au»u ILl 1 gathered PoUnno.eton trickles at -f™^"* 

Earl Norfolk, guided by directions kindly given me by Lev. hirby 
Trimmer its 'discoverer' in England. It occurred but sparingly. 



318 SHORT NOTES. 

On the 6th I found it in a ditch and adjacent pond on Wrotham 
Long Green, between Melliss and Redgrave, in East Suffolk. 
Here it occurred in great abundance, almost filling the ditch to 
the exclusion of other plants. It was very sparingly found in 
fruit. — Arthur Bennett. 



Cesia obtusa, Lindberg. — In the notice, inserted in the ' Journal 
of Botany' for August (p. 243), of the discovery of Cesia obtusa as 
a British plant, there is a mistake which I take the first opportunity 
of correcting. Being away from home, I trusted entirely to my 
memory, and hence the mistake. On referring to my herbarium, 
I find the specimen labelled by Professor Lindberg as follows : 
"Cesia obtusa, Lindb., n. sp. $, Westmoreland, Hill Bell, June, 
1870. J. A. Martindale." On the same date (June 7th), in 
company with my friend Mr. Martindale, I gathered finely- 
fruited specimens at the same place. In addition to the above 
station I may add: — Head of Mardale, Westmoreland (G. S.), May, 
1869 ; Each na-gain (G. E. Hunt), July, 1869 ; Bow Fell (G. S.), 
July, 1875. The specimen found on the boulder (see p. 213), 
I find, is correctly marked Cesia creiiulata, Gottsche, a species not 
uncommon in some parts of the English lake districts. — G. Stabler. 



uphorbium 



— For the past three or four 

years a good deal of interest has been attached to the species of 
Euphorbia growing in South Africa, on account of the milky juice, 
with which it is well known they all abound, being used in the 
preparation of a marine paint. It is to a similar juice, hardening 
on exposure to the air after incisions made in the fleshy branches 
of Euphorbia rmnifera, that Gum Euphorbium of commerce owes 
its origin. This brittle acid resin was at one time used in medicine 
as an emetic and purgative. It is now, however, nearly obsolete 
so far as its medicinal uses are concerned. In Fluckiger and 
Hanbury's 'Pharmacographia,' p. 504, 1st edition, 1874, under the 
article " Euphorbium, " which refers more particularly to Euphorbia 
resinifera just alluded to, it is stated that the demand for the 
so-called Gum Euphorbium for medicinal purposes in this country 
is extremely small, twelve hundredweight only being imported into 
London in 1870; but the authors further say:— "We have been 
told that it is now in some demand as an ingredient of a paint for 
the preservation of ships' bottoms. " This seems indeed to be the 
use to which Gum Euphorbium is now put, a company having been 
formed under the name of the Protector Fluid Company, for the 
purpose of making and supplying this new paint. The value of 
the juice of the Euphorbias, whether in its fresh and milky, or its 
dry and resinous state, for covering ironwork in exposed situations, 
lies in its acid nature. Experiments were made so long ago as 
1873 by painting a large sheet of iron with a solution of Euphorbium 
and spirits of wine, and lowering the iron into one of the basins of 

Chatham Dockyard. At the end of two yens, when the iron was 
taken out, it was found to be quite clean, and free from fouling and 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 319 

corrosion. The preparation is also said to be efficacious in coating 
woodwork in tropical countries, for protection against the attacks 
of white ants. This paint is now in actual use by some of the 
largest shipowners. — John K. Jackson. 



Chara stelligera, Baiter (C. optusa, Desc), in Britain. — I 
gathered specimens of this Chara in Filby Broad, eight miles from 
Great Yarmouth, E. Norfolk, on September 23rd. It was growing 
in from four to eight feet of water with Potatpogeton crisp us, L., 
Myriophyllum spicatitm, L., and Ceratopkyllum, and spread over 
many yards of the bottom of the Broad. It is a somewhat 
interesting addition, as it belongs to a section of the genus 
A Stephana, new to our Flora. The pretty star-like nucules at once 
characterise this species, which occurs in Europe from Sweden 
southwards to France. — Arthur Bennett. 






Notices of Books antr iftemofrg. 



New Books.— F. A. Messee, ■ British Wild Flowers by Natural 

Analysis' (D. Bogue, 10s. 6d.). — W. M. Fontaine and J. C. 
White, 'The Permian or Upper Carboniferous Flora of West 
Virginia and S. W. Pennsylvania.' Harrisburg.— F. von Mueller, 
' Eucalyptographia ' (6th decade). London : Triibner (5s.) 

Articles in Journals. 

August. 

Transaction* of the Linncan Society of Lowhm (2nd scr., vol. i., 
pt. ix.) — C. B.' Clarke, ' Eeview of Feins of Northern India 
concluded, 11 tab.,— G. Henslow, 'On the Origin of the so-called 
Scorpioid Cyme ' (1 tab.) 

Journal of Linncan Society (London), vol. xviii., Nos. 106, 107. 

J. E. T. Aitchison, 'On the Flora of the Kuram Galley, &c, 
Afghanistan.'— C. B. Clarke, 'On Indian Begonias' (3 plates). 



Science Gossip.— L. Castle, ' Heteromorpbic Orchids.' 



f 



G. Thin, 



'On Bacterium fatidum (sp. nov.), an organism <v^<.^u ™ 
profuse sweating from the soles of the i ieet ' (1 tab.)— \\. U 
Williamson, ' On the Organisation of the Fossil Plants of the Coal- 
measures. — 0. Heer, 'On Miocene Plants discovered on the 
Mackenzie Biver.' 

Hedwigia.—V. A. Karsten, ' Quwdam ad Mycologiam Addenda.' 
SMman'* Journal—A** Gray, ' DeCandolle's Pictography.' 
(Esterr. Bot. Zrit.chrifL-E, Rathay, ' Alternation of Generation 

of Gymnosponrngia.'— F. Kraaan, 'On Plant-distribution in the 



320 BOTANICAL NEWS. 

Districts of Gorz and Gradica ' (contd.) — S. Schulzer von Muggen- 
burg, c Mycological Notes' (Xeopkojitzia, gen. nov.) — C. J. v. Kling- 
graff, ' Palestine and its Vegetation ' (concluded). — V. v. Aicbinger, 



1 On the Flora of Vorarlberg.' 



Naturalist (Huddersfield). — J. E. Griffith, ' Flora of Carnarvon- 
shire and Anglesea ' (contd.) 

Bulletin of Torre;/ Botanical Club. — L. M. Underwood, ' Artificial 
Synopses.' — J. B. Ellis, i A new Splucria on Grapes ' {S* Bidwellii). 
F. Wolle, ' New American Desmids ' (1 tab.) 

Flora. — A. Winkler, ' On the Seedling of Mercurialis peremiis^Ti^ 
E. G. Stobl, ' Flora of the Nebrodes ' (contd.) — L. Celakovsky, 
4 On the Development of the Flowers of Boraginacea.* 

But. Zeit. — K. Goebel, ' Contributions to the Comparative 
11 Development History M of Sporangia.' 



Botanical Nttos. 



Among the illustrious foreign botanists who have visited the 
National Herbaria during the past month, M. Alph. DeCandolle 
and Prof. Asa Gray demand special mention. M. A. Cogniaux, of 
Brussels, and the Rev. L. Menyharth, S.J., of Buda-Pesth, have also 
been working in London ; the former at the Melastomace®, which he 
is elaborating for the ' Flora Brasiliensis ' ; the latter at a critical 
revision of the genus Melilutus. 

The death is announced of Dr. W. Imray, of Dominica, which 
took place upon the 22nd of August. For the List forty-three 
years Dr. Imray has worked at the flora of the island in which he 
lived, of which indeed our knowledge has mainly been gathered 
from his observations ; his name is commemorated in Yaccinium 
Imrayi and many other species. 

"We have also to announce the death of Mr. Abraham 
Stansfield, of Todmorden, Yorkshire, on August 22nd, at the 
age of seventy-seven. Mr. Stansfield had been for many years 
president of the Todmorden Botanical Society. 

The removal of the British Museum Herbarium to the new 
Natural History Museum at South Kensington has been completed, 
and the collections are available for reference. The British Her- 
barium here has just been enriched with a large and critically- 
named series of Plymouth Rubi, presented by Mr. T. B. Archer 
Briggs, and carefully selected by him to represent the form 
described in his « Flora of Plymouth.' 



t 



821 



#rigmai MxtitU*. 



ON THE PLANT AFFORBING CEARA INBIA-RUBBER. 

(MANIHOT GLAZIOVII, Mull. Arg.) 

By Henry Trimen, M.B., F.L.S. 

(Tab. 215.) 

Wbxn I arrived in Ceylon in February last, I found that a good 
deal of interest had been excited by the fruiting of some of the 
Ceara Rubber-plants in the Royal Botanic Garden at Peradeniya. 
Seeds from them had been distributed to several public establish- 
ments in India and Burmah, and elsewhere in the tropics ; and 
were also being liberally disposed of to those planters in Ceylon 
who, in the alarm produced by the large decrease in the yield of 
coffee, were desirous of trying other plants of a profitable character. 

As tbe number of seeds sent out from this establishment 
has been over twenty-five thousand, and the plant has also 
been propagated by very numerous cuttings, and as it is of rapid 
growth and early productiveness, it will no doubt soon become 
common in tropical countries, I have thought that a figure and 
description would be likely to prove acceptable to the readers of 
this journal, especially since I believe tbe plant has not been 
previously illustrated. The present figure is from a drawing by 
Mr. W. Be Alwis, the draughtsman attached to tbe Per; eniya 
Gardens and the worthy successor of his father, Harmams Be 
Alwis (mentioned by Br.Thwaites in the preface to his « Enumeratio'), 
to whom Lindley dedicated a genus of Orchids, and who is still 
living, at an advanced age and in the enjoyment of the native rank 
of Mood liar, in the close neighbourhood of the gardens. 

I believe that the determination of the plant as Maitikot Gla- 
ziovii was made at Kew. I have here no opportunity of referring 
to the original description of J. Midler's in ' Fl. Brasihensis,' but 
the Editor of this Journal has been good enough to send me the 
extract, which, so far as it goes, agrees fairly well with our plant, 
though the habit of the latter cannot be well said to be the same 
as that of the semi-herbaceous Cassava (J*. wtiUmma and M. dipt). 
Many species of Mavihot are stated by Bentham ('Gen. Plant, m., 
p. 306) to be imperfectly described, and it is by no means certain 
that M. Qlaziovn, Mull. Arg., may not be found reducible to one 
previously described. Br. Glaziou (after whom the spec, i is 
named) collected his specimens near Rio, so that the species must 
have a considerably extensive range in Brazil. 

The full description now given is of course wholly drawn up 
from the cultivated plant at Peradeniya. 

n. s. vol. 9. [November, 1880.] 2 t 



322 ON THE PLANT AFFORDING CEARA INDIA-RUBBER. 

Manihot Glaziovii, Mull* Arg. — A tree of moderate size (the 
largest now 35 ft. high), the erect stem dividing di- or tri- 
chotomously, with the branches ascending and frequently branched 
in a similar manner, forming a dense rounded crown ; bark 
purplish grey, the thin silvery outer layers readily peeling off 
transversely in narrow strips. Leaves numerous on smooth 
cylindrical spreading or deflexed pruinose petioles as long as the 
blade, peltate, the petiole inserted at no great distance from the 
truncate or concave base, ordinarily about 6-8 ins. long by 8-10 
ins. wide (but often reaching 14 by 18 ins.), palmately cut four- 
fifths to petiole into 3, 5, or 7 oblong-ovate, acute, drooping seg- 
ments rarely undivided or with 2 or 4 segments) which are entire 
(rarely deeply sinuate), glabrous on both surfaces save for a tuft of 
woolly hair on the centre of the summit of the insertion of the 
petiole, texture thin, veins prominent especially beneath, the 
lateral ones numerous, parallel but uniting within the margin to 
form a continuous nerve, deep bluish green, much paler beneath; 
stipules very quickly deciduous, small, lanceolate-linear, very 
acute, with a few fine spine-like denticulations at upper part of the 
margin, sub-membranaceous. Flowers rather large, completely 
unisexual, monoecious, arranged ha rather few-flowered racemes or 
panicles from the forks of the young branches, the male (more 
numerous) above, the female below and expanding several days before 
the male, all stalked, the pedicels spreading, glabrous, glaucous, in 
the male suddenly bent downwards at a right angle, in the female 
thicker, curved downward and expanded beneath the flower into a 
turbinate receptacle suggesting externally an inferior ovary. 
Male fl. : — Calyx campanulate, about f inch long by ^ inch wide, 
somewhat truncate at the base (angular in the bud), divided about 
half-way down into 5 triangular acute lobes, each with a broad 
prominent vein down the centre, with incurved margins, smooth, 
externally greenish white with a purplish tinge, internally pale 
dull purple, especially at the base, and sticky with nectar. 
Stamens 10, arising from beneath a large smooth bright yellow disk 
and passing between its spreading lobes which are arranged in 
5 pairs, filaments unequal, 5 longer (coming off from between the 
pairs of lobes), erect-spreading, as long as the calyx, 5 shorter 
(coming off between the lobes in each pair), not more than half the 
length of the others, inflexed towards centre of flower. Female fl. : — 
Sepals 5, distinct, inserted on the edge of the receptacle, | inch 
long, curved outwards but not widely spreading, oblong-lanceolate, 
acute, with a strongly-marked midrib and lateral intra-marginal 
vein, pale greenish yellow. Ovary surrounded at the base with a 
small smooth pale yellow disk, oblong-ovoid, blunt, shining, pale 
green capped by the large cream-coloured style which is divided 
very nearly to the base into 3 spreading tufted coral-like stigmas 
each bifid, and the flabellate divisions cut into numerous blunt 
lobes. Capsule pendulous on the thickened peduncle, about an 
inch in diameter, nearly globular, with (\ shallow grooves, testa dry 
and hard, smooth, greenish brown, at length splitting elastically 
and separating into 3 hard cocci (each of which also partially splits 



ON THE PLANT AFFORDING CEAEA INDIA-RUBBER. 823 

down the back) containing a single seed. Seed ten-sixteenths in. 
long by seven-sixteenths in. wide, broadly oval in face, somewhat 
compressed with biconvex surfaces and a blunt edge, ventral raphe 
well marked and a (caruncle) prominent and bilobed, surface 
smooth and polished greyish yellow or brownish variously mottled 
and splashed with purplish black, testa very hard and thick with a 
radiated structure ; cotyledons very thin, foliaceous, slightly cordate 
at base, endosperm oily but solid . 

In drying for the herbarium the leaves and flowers quickly 
separate at the articulations and fall away from the axis. 

Many enquiries were addressed to me with reference to the 
requirements and best method of cultivation of the tree ; and the 
following extracts are from ' Notes on some Trees yielding India- 
Rubber,' which I prepared and had printed in March last for 
distribution to the planters and others, along with the seed from 
the Eoyal Botanic Gardens : — 

" 1. Locality, Soil, mid Climate.— Ceara is a coast town of Brazil 
in lat. 4° S., and the flat country which runs back to the hills is 
described by Mr. Cross as manifestly possessing ' a very dry and 
climate for a considerable part of the year. This is evident from 
the fact that mandiocca and other crops require to be irrigated. 
The rainy season is said to begin in November and end m May or 
June ; torrents of rain are then reported to fall for several days in 
succession, after which the weather moderates for a brief space. 
According to some statements there are occasional years m winch 
hardly any rain falls. This assertion concurs with the aspect 
presented by the country in general. The daily temperature on 
board the ship ranged from 82° to 85° F., but inland it is often 
probably 90°. The localities traversed by me nowhere seemed to 
be elevated more than 200 feet above the sea.' At 1 acatuba, 
about forty miles from Ceara, the actual place where the specimens 
were obtained, 'the general forest was tolerably high, but the 
sparse small foliage did not afford much shade from the fierce > rays 
of the sun. The soil was in places a sort of soft sandstone oi 
gravel which was bound up in the most extraordinary manner 
Neither grass nor weeds grew among this underwood, and there 



was an entire absence of ferns, mosses, and other plants In 
another place somewhat farther from the coast, the ^eUei, 
shortly after entering the bush-like forest, • came on a large .tract 
of land covered by immense masses of grey granite, some i of wb ach 
might be fifty tons or more in weight These ^.^ J}^ en 
where they lay, and were the resul of a volcam explosion^ 
Rounded masses of the same rock also cropped out in many 

Places. . . . Many good-siaed rubber trees were S^™^ 

spaces between these granite masses . . . . • -^ bU T. } 
was very dry, but no doubt some seedlings had sprung up, which, 
owing to numerous thickets of shrubs were not percwreo.^ 

«2. Propagation and Plant ln ; ,.-Uv : Cross s directions are as 
follows :-' Seeds are early produced if the faM i*n **■£* 
They should be buried in brown sand, kept pretty f^™™™** 
are indications of growth, when they may be planted out peima- 



324 ON THE PLANT AFFORDING CEARA INDIA-RUBBER. 

nently. In some situations where the ground is rough and strong 
they might be sown broadcast. Meantime I would suggest the 
formation of plantations by cuttings, which will take root as easily 
as a willow. These should be taken from the points of strong 
shoots, and may be one foot in length. In planting, each cutting 
may be put down in the soil to a depth of six inches. If scarce, 
the entire shoot may be cut into pieces, each possessing a bud, all 
of which will grow if covered with half-an-inch or so of soil. On 
loose sandy soils or exhausted coffee land, plantations may be 
formed at little expense. Hard dry gravelly wastes, if found to 
support any kind of bush, are also suitable sites. Holes might be 
made in strong land with an iron jumper, and a stout cutting put 
into each, and filled with pebbies. On bare or thinly-covered 
portions of rock, the cuttings might be laid down flat, and a little 
heap of stones or any kind of debris, about the size of a molehill, 
piled over each, care being taken that the extreme point of each 
cutting with a bud is left uncovered. I do not advocate planting 
in an entirely barren desert, but wherever there is any sort of 
stunted tree or scrub vegetation, with an occasional sprinkling 
from a monsoon shower, the tree is likely to prosper.' 

" Experience of the plant in the botanic garden here has proved 
the general accuracy of the above remarks. There can be no 
doubt of the hardiness of the species, its readiness of culture, and 
adaptability to circumstances. It grows equally readily from seed 
or from cuttings, and, though a native of a tropical sea-level, 
thrives well here in Ceylon up to at least a level of 3000 feet, and 
on the most barren soils. It has succeeded equally in Calcutta and 
Madras, but the wet season appears to have killed it at Singapore. 
It would seem especially adapted for the dry and barren districts 
of our Eastern and Northern Provinces, or in the higher districts ; 
but it would not be wise to risk it in localities where the tempera- 
ture is liable to fall below 60° F. 

" Germination of Seed.— The seed-coat is of remarkable thickness 
and very hard, and the natural process of germination occupies a 
long period— it is said more than a year. All that is necessary to 
hasten this, if desired, is to assist the seed-coat in splitting. This 
is best effected by holding the seed firmly, and rasping off with a 
file both edges at the radicular end.- It is best not to file off the 
actual end, as it may thus easily happen that the radicle of the 
embryo may be injured. After this treatment, properly performed, 
the young plant appears above ground in two or three weeks. 
The seedlings require no particular attention. They grow rapidly, 
and may be finally planted out at distances of twenty feet. A 
peculiarity which they share with their close relative the mandioc 
is the possession of large tubers on the spreading roots. The trees 
at Peradeniya, from which seed has been distributed to Burmah, 
India, Jamaica, &c, flowered at the age of eighteen months; and 
at the pi sent time (at 2£ years) the larger ones form branching 
treesjibout 25 feet or 80 feet high, with a stem 1 foot 9 inches in 

* 'I'liis end is to be recognized externally by \» sessing nt its side a Hut two* 
lobed appendage technically known as the caruncle. 



TaJo.215. 




J Alwus- oUi •J.N.Fu^h.iu^ 



West , /VW rrux*h & Co I rrup 



Ma-niliot gla,zicrvii ; UuXL.Avg. 



ON THE PLANT AFFORDING CEARA INDIA-RUBBER. 325 

circumference at a yard from the base, and a smooth, silvery 
birch-like bark readily peeling off; being about half the size of 
those which Mr. Cross describes, and which may be assumed to 
have been fully grown. 

u 3.— System of collecting the Rubber. — I quote again from Mr. 
Cross's report : — k This is an operation of a very simple description. 
On commencing to work, the collector takes with him a stout knife 
and a handful of twigs to serve as a broom. Arriving at a tree, 
any loose stones or dust are swept from the ground, around the 
base, and some large leaves are laid down to receive the droppings 
of milk which trickle down. Some do not go to the trouble of 
sweeping the ground or laying down leaves, for which reason the 
milk adheres to sand, dust, decayed leaves, and other impurities. 
The outer surface of the bark of the trunk is pared or sliced off to 
a height of four or five feet. The milk then exudes and runs down 
in many tortuous courses, some of it ultimately falling on the 
ground. After several days the juice becomes dry and solid, and 
is then pulled off in strings and rolled up in balls or put into bags 
in loose masses. Only a thin paring should be taken off, just deep 
enough to reach the milk vessels; but this is not always attended to. 
Nearly every tree has been cut through the bark, and a slice taken off 
the wood. Decay then proceeds rapidly, and many of the trunks are 
hollow. In this condition the trees must yield far less milk, and many 
no doubt are broken over by the wind, or wither away. Collecting 
is carried on during the dry season only, when rain seldom falls/ 

" Mr. Cross says nothing as to the age of the trees so operated 
upon; probably the collectors treat all indiscriminately. In the 
sequel of his report, however, he incidentally remarks that Ceara 
rubber may be tapped on attaining ' a diameter of four to five 
inches,' which is the case here in Ceylon after about two years* 
growth. Bat unless there were a very large number of trees in an 
extensive plantation, this would certainly be labour thrown away. 
The tree, however, comes so early to maturity, as shown by the 
production of seed-, that it is improbable that it attains any very 
gr it size. The process above d ;cribed must be, if thoroughly 
done, almost exhaustive of the milk ; but in the case of a small 
stem it would be a work of some care and time to so conduct it as 
to avoid cutting into the wood, and probably some of the methods 
afterwards described will be preferred. But these are practical 
difficulties which it may be ? safely assumed the ingenuity of our 
planters will quickly master." 

Description ok Tab. 21^-ManihotGlazloru, 1RUL ^ f^SLS^ 
specimens in the R. Bot. Garden, I'eradeniya. Ceylon, April, 1880. 1. Extremity 
of a young branch with inflorescence. 8. Male lis. 3. A male n. with perianth 
removed (not fully expanded). 4. V.rticai section of female flower 5 Irans- 
verse section of ovary. 0. A half-ripe capsule 7. One Uyripe. J A 1 W^ 
coccus with containJd-ed. <>. *f&^W^JSffi£ ti ^ Z 

tral, and 12, Transverse section of the same. 13. Sketch of tree 2ft years old, 
on scale of about an inch to (i ft. 

Peradeniya, Ceylon, Aug., 1880. ' 



* [Certainly when less than twelve months old.— H. T. 



326 



ON A COLLECTION OF FEENS MADE BY LANGLEY 

KITCHING, ESQ., IN MADAGASCAR. 

By J. G. Baker, F.B.S. 

This is the third considerable collection of Ferns from Central 
Madagascar which has reached this country within the last few 
years. An account of that of Mr. W. Pool will be found in 
vol. 15 of the 'Journal of the Linnean Society,' p. 411, and 
of that of Miss Helen Gilpin in vol. 10, page 197. The present 
collection covers a considerably wider area, and adds about twenty- 
five species to the two former ones, of which about half prove to 
be new. Of the stations in which the plants were gathered the 
route between Tamatave and the capital is now well-trodden 
ground. Andrangaloaka is about a day's journey from the capital 
in the heart of the Great Forest, and was one of the chief hunting- 
grounds of Mr. Kitching's predecessors. The mountains of 
Ankaratra lie about thirty miles south-west of the capital ; they 
attain an elevation of 9000 or 10,000 feet, and are supposed to be 
the highest mountains in the island. 

The Betsileo country is one of the central provinces of Mada- 
gascar, lying between latitude 21° and 22°. Fianarantsoa, its 
chief town, is about 200 miles south of Antananarivo, the capital 
of the island, the palanquin journey between the two places 
occupying a week. It is 4000 feet above the sea. The Tanala 
country, lying between latitude 21° and 23°, is a two days' journey 
to the east, and is a dense forest and mountainous country ranging 
from 4000 to 5000 feet above the sea ; a continuation of the 
" Great Forest," which, at a distance of about forty miles from the 
coast, encircles the whole island. The portion of the Ibara 
country reached was one hundred odd miles farther south, — a low- 
lying though broken country mostly surrounded by high mountains, 
and situated between latitude 22° and 23°, — is ground previously 
unexplored botanically, and in some instances had only been 
trodden by two or three other white men. Mr. Kitching has also 
brought home an interesting collection of flowering plants, which 
includes three new genera and a considerable number of new species. 

Gleieheilia diehotoma, Hook. Between Tamatave and Anta- 
nanarivo. 

Cyathea append icidata, Baker. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 
C. discolor, Baker. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 



AhopkUavestita, Baker. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 
Hymenophylluni ciliatum, Sw. Tanala. 

IL polyanthos, Sw. Tanala. 

Trichomanes muscoides. Sw. Tanala. 

T. flabellatiun, Bory. Tanala, and between Tamatave and 

Antananarivo. 

T. pyaidifent)}}, L. Tanala. 

T. radicam, Sw. Tanala. 

T. radicans, var. T. gigantmm, Bory. Between Tamatave aad 
Antananarivo. 



» * - ^ 

ON A COLLECTION OF FERNS MADE IN MADAGASCAR. 327 

Dicksonia Henrietta, Baker. Tanala. 

D. hjpolepidoides, Baker. Tauala, and forest of Andrangaloaka. 
Davalliaferruijinea, Desv. Tanala, and between Tamatave and 
Antananarivo. 

D. Speluncm, Baker. Tanala. 

IK eleyans, Sw. 

D. thecifera, H. B. K. Tanala. 

D. tenuifolia, Sw. Tanala, &c. 

Lindsaya cultrata, Sw. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo ; 

the same form gathered by Dr. Meller. 

AdianUun athiopicum, L. Ambositra (Betsileo), and Ankaratra 

Mountains. 

A. emulation, L. Ibara country. 

Hijpolepis tenuifolia, Bernh. Tanala. I cannot distinguish 
this from the well-known Australian and Tropical Asian plant. 

Lonehitis madaaascariemix, Hook. Tanala. 

Cheilanthes (Adianto]>sis) Streetice, Baker; Notochlana Str<rti<c, 
Baker olim. Mr. Kitching's better specimen shows that this is 
really a Cheilanthes of the Adiantopsis section. 

22 :|: . Pelljea (Allosoeus) Kitchingh, Baker n. sp. Caudex 
not seen. Stipe wiry, naked, bright brown, 9-10 in. long, with 
a few small lanceolate brown scales at the very base. Frond 
oblong- deltoid, tripinnate, 3-4 in. long, very thick and rigid in 
texture, naked on both surfaces, the rachis light brown and quite 
naked, like the stipe. Lower pinnae the largest, deltoid, unequal- 
sided, the segments of the upper side simple, of the lower 
produced and again pinnate ; all the pinna* above the lowest only 
simply pinnate ; ultimate segments contiguous, lanceolate, ascend- 
ing, entire, J-J in. long, adnate to the rachis by a dilated base. 
Midrib of the ultimate segments bright brown, the other veins 
quite hidden. Sori continuous from the base to the very tip oi the 
segments ; involucre moderately broad, persistent, brown, glabrous, 
firm in texture, entire at the margin. Betsileo country. Most like 
the Himalayan P. vitidula, Baker, but much thicker in texture, 
with a long brown stipe and an entire involucre. 

P. dura, Baker (P. Baikeana, Baker olim.) Betsileo country, 
and between Tamatare and Antananarivo. . 

P. eomnhrina, Hook. Tanala, and between Tamatare and 

Antananarivo. 

P. calomelanos, Link. Ibara country. 

P. hastata, Link. Tanala, Betsileo and Ibara land, and between 

Tamatare and Antananarivo. 

P. awjulosa, Baker. Tanala, and between Tamatare and Anta- 
nanarivo. 

Pterin cretiea, L. Tanala. 

P. quadriaunta, Betz. Forest of Andrangaloaka, and between 

Tamatare and Antananarivo. 

P. nuuhujascariea, Ag. Tanala, and between Tamatave and 

Antananarivo. m , _ , „ A • , , 

P. remotifolia, Baker. Tanala, and Forest oi Andrangaloaka. 

I'.pedata, L. Ambohidratrimo. 



328 ON A COLLECTION OF FERNS MADE IN MADAGASCAR. 

P. incisa, Tlmnb. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

P. triplicata, Ag. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

60*. Pteris (CampterlO oligodictyon, Baker, n. sp. Frond 
ample, tripinnate, green on both sides, naked on the upper surface, 
furnished on the lower with minute brown hairs and dots. ^ Stipe 
about half as long as the lamina, naked, stramineous, like the 
rachises. Lower pinnae much the largest, deltoid, above a foot 
long, more produced on the lower side, copiously bipinnate, with 
caudate lanceolate pinnules and linear adnate decurrent tertiary 
segments not extending quite down to the rachis, reaching an inch 
in length, £ in. broad, the barren ones rather broader and minutely 
inciso-crenate. Veins distant, distinct, ascending, forked at or near 
the base and sometimes again higher up, anastomosing in costal 
arches only along the penultimate rachises. Sori extending from 
the base nearly to the tip of the segments; involucre narrow, 
glabrous. Forest of Andrangaloaka. Habit of P. flabdtata, 
Thunb., but the ultimate segments of the barren frond less 
distinctly toothed and the veining Campterioid. 

Lomaria biformis, Baker. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 1 find 
that we have incomplete specimens of this curious species, received 
long ago from Dr. Meller. 

L. Boryana, Willd. 

L. proeera, Spreng. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 

24*. Lomaria microbasis, Baker, n. sp. Caudex erect, densely 
clothed at the top with linear- subulate or linear-acuminate glossy 
paleae J~§ in. long, with a pale brown edge and a nearly black 
centre. Stipe of barren frond only 1-1^ in. long to the auricles 
which represent the lowest pinnae. Lamina of the barren frond 
oblanceolate-oblong, rigidly coriaceous, 1-1^ ft. long, 4-5 in. broad 
at the middle, narrow gradually downwards, the three or four 



wn 



Pinnae 



24 



all except the uppermost distinctly separated at the base, the upper 
adnate, the lower attached by the midrib only. Rachis slender, 
naked, grooved down the face. Veins obscure, simple or forked at 
the base. Fertile lamina with a longer stipe, its remote pinnae 
2-3 in. long, f-1 lin. broad. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 
Nearest Bon/ana, from which it differs in texture, and by its slender 
rachis, small basal paleae, and much dwarfed lower pinnae of the 
sterile frond. 



Asplermm Nidus, L. 



Anta 



nananvo. 



A. normal*, D. Don. Tanala. The plant called A. Trichomanes, 
gathered by Mr. Pool, must also evidently be referred here, as 
Mr. C. B. Clarke has suggested. The species has previously been 
known only as Indian. 

A. hirtum, Kaulf. Between Tamatare and Antananarivo. 

J. hniulafitm. Sw. Tanala. 1 

A. Sandersoni, Hook. Tanala, and between Tamatare and 

Antananarivo. 

A. brae hypte run, Kunze. Tanala. 



ON A COLLECTION OF FERNS MADE IN MADAGASCAR. 820 

A. Poolii, Baker. Tanala, and forest of Andraugaloaka. 

A. anisophyllum, Kunze. Tanala. 

A. latum, Sw. Tanala, and between Tamatave and Anta- 
nanarivo. 

A. Serra, L. & F. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

A. dimidiatum, Sw. Forest of Andrangaloaka, and between 
Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

A. affine, Sw. (var. tanalense, Baker). Tanala, a dareoid variety 
and a curious form receding from the type in an opposite direction 
with pinnas like those of A. lucidum, acuminate and only inciso- 
serrate in the upper half, shallowly lobed lower down, with the 
lobes of the very base only reaching down nearly to the midrib, 
so that the cutting is similar to that of the Polynesian A. lobu- 
lation, Mett. 

A. hsrpetopteris, Baker. Tanala ; two varieties. 

A. protenswn, Schrad. Tanala and Betsileo-land. 

A. cuneatum, Lam. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

A. auritnm, Sw. Tanala. 

A.furcatum, Thunb. Tanala and Betsileo-land. 

A.'nigripes, Blume. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 

A. nemoralis, Baker. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 

Aspidium aculeatum, Sw. Tanala. 

A. capense, Willd. Tanala, and between Tamatave and Anta- 
nanarivo. 

A. falcatum, Sw. Tanala and forest of Andrangaloaka. 

Didywochhma lumdata, Desv. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 

Nephrolepu cordifolia, Presl. Between Tamatave and Anta- 
nanarivo. 

X. acuta, Presl. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

Oleandra articxdata, Car. 

Nephrodium parallehim, Baker. Tanala. Complete specimens 



WK 



rhizome like that of X<>prolepis ramom. 

N. albo-punctatuM, Desv. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 

N. prolixum, Baker. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

.V. patens, var. madafjascari^ise, Baker. Between Tamatave and 



n ^lw^ias, Rich. Tanala, forest of Andrangaloaka, and 
between Tamatave and Antananarivo ; both the type and the var. 

dona at um. - . . 

N. vmtum, K. Br. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

N. molle, Desv. Ibara country. 

183*. Nephrodium (Eunephrodium) eurostotrichum, bake,, 
n. sp. Caudex not seen. Stipe reaching a foot in length, square 
with a few short broad palee. Lamina oblong-lanceolate simply 
pinnate, 1-2 ft. long, 6-9 in. broad, densely p.lose, especially on the 
lower surface, the rlchis densely clothed with short brown deflexed 
bristly hairs. Piniue distant, lanceolate, sessile 10-12-jugate 
acuminate, 3-5 in. long, 9-10 lines broad, cut about * do** to foe 
midrib into orbicular lobes, truncate at the base ; the lowest pair ol 
pinnae shorter, broader, deflexed, auncled on the upper side at the 

2 u 



330 ON THE FLORA OF NORTH-WESTERN DONEGAL. 

base. Veins obscure, 6-8-jugate, nearly all uniting at the tip. 
Sori copious, nearly costular. Involucre reniform, persistent, 
densely setose. Tanala. Allied to X. penniyerum, but densely 
pilose, like molle, and the position of the sori different. 

Poly podium obtusilobum, Desv. Forest of Andrangaloaka, and 
between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

(To be continued). 



ON THE FLORA OF NORTH-WESTERN DONEGAL. 

By Henry Chichester Hart, B.A. 

(Concluded from p. 275.) 

Knautia arvemis, Coult. — Very rare. Brownknowe, near 
Ramelton, where it was found by the Very Rev. Dean Gwynn, 
July, 1880. I have not seen this plant elsewhere in Denegal, 
except in the neighbourhood of Lough Esk. See * Recent Additions 
to tho Flora of Ireland,' by A. G. More, 1872. 

{ 'Petasites fragrans, Presl. — Thoroughly established at Fort 
Stewart and Augh-na-gaddy, Dean Gwynn. Near Rathmullan 
House. 

Bidens tripartita, L. — Rare. Lough Fern at the Kilmacrennan 
end; boggy ground at Cam Mill, near Ramelton ; Glenlough, near 
the village. 

Artemisia Absinthium, L. — Near Ray and Kindrum, established 
from gardens. 

GnaphaUum sylvaticum, L. — Local and rather rare. Between 
Loughs Doo and Conny, near Milford; Burton Port; near 
Glen. 

[Antennana maryatitacea, R. Br. — A colony by the side of the 
disused road between Kilmacrennan and Churchill, about two 
miles from the latter.] 

Senecio sylvaticus, L. — Local. Near Croaghross ; Auchterlinn; 
Carrowkeel; Moyle Hill; near Glen. 

Saussurea cdpina, DC. — Extremely rare. I found two or three 
small scattered colonies of this alpine plant upon the north- 
western face of Bulbein Mount, near the summit. It has hitherto 
been only recorded from Kerry. But I am informed by my friend 
A. G. More that there is a record of this plant in Templeton's MS. 
11 Innishowen, Co. Donegal, Mr. Brown." This is the same 
mountain on which Robert Brown found Saxifraya oppositifolia, so 
that my observation corroborates his two discoveries. Growing 
with them, however, is also Polygonum viviparitm, which I am 
grateful to him for leaving me to add to the Donegal flora. 

[Cichorium hitybus, L. — Very rare and hardly established. Be- 
tween Ramelton and Fort Stewart, Dean Gwynn. I have not seen 
specimens.] 

Sonchiis asper, Hoffm. Local. Aranmore. 

S. arvensis, L. — I believe this plant, which is very common 



THE 



331 



in corn-fields throughout the county, to be native; it grows 
frequently along remote shores, in gravelly and stony places, as at 
Ards, on the Bloody Foreland, &c. 

Crepis virens, L. — Not uncommon in the eastern part of my 
district, gradually disappearing to the west. F. 

G. paludosa, Moench.— Local and rather rare. Moyle, Lough 
Fern, by the water's edge; Carrablagh, below the house, at sea- 
level ; Bulbein Mount. 

Hieracium vulyatum, Fries.— Lough Couny, near Miltord; 

Breathy Head and Ards; Bulbein Mount. 

Lobelia Dortmanna, L.— Aranmore, in a lake at the southern 
end of the island, local in the district. 

Arctostapln/llns Uva-ursi, Spr.— Local. Tins plan grows more 
abundantly at Aranmore, about some of the small lakes, than 
anywhere else I have seen it. 8*dim WuxMola, Jumperus nana, 
ana the present species seem to find their head-quarters upon tins 
western island. . , , -r, -n— — Wm. 

Yaccinium VM4dm> L.-Bare and very local. ByDenpbeg 

Stream into Lough Veagh fromDooish Mountain; Bulbein Mo^t 
Loughsalt, near the summit on the north-eastern side ; and by a 

small lake about two miles eastward. M «~„ioii v 

Gentiana campetri*, L— Increasing westward, and especially 

abundant about Burton Port. ru-v. nPW ti 1P 

Convolvulus arvemls, L.-Rare and very local. *DfaMM«r the 

sea at Rathmullan House in plenty, where it *PP e ^ * ft *™; re it 
O. SoWatwHa, L.-Extremely rare. Tramore Strand where t 
meets Hornhead by the sea. I have an old record c rf finding this 
plant at Carrigart, but have failed to rediscover it theie. 

Lycopsis arvensi*, L.-By ^f^^^ll gravelly bog 
Uertama mantima, Don.— Very rare, in » » »i„ii«fi»lila 

in Rossgull upon the shores of Sheephaven south of Emnafa^la 
Point, about two miles north-west of Gamam^on piofuston. 

*S !ll „ P h< l u M , L -r Ne F re nu^ Aoo't Bay and Bamel- 

ton ?» SSTiSftriSSSi bfnry frtend, Mr. E. M. 

B *T& n A. «*- T>„bv._Brown Knowe Island, about half-way 



between Bay and M« "^anan Eaa „ ay Station, Dean 

Verbascum Thajmis, Jj. — iNear me x 

^l^: . r h lhtria Mill -Rathmullan Abbey ; old walls about 
Rathmullan House ; KiUydonnelly Abb^ e> • resideil ce of 

[/, r^m, L.-Well «**^ w £j^ , &«rf it had 
Mr. Hammond near Burton 1 ^o *, ^ ^ p^ts observed by 
escaped from the garden. I suspect tna* i d fr ^ 

Mr. Barrington in Tory Island may have originated 

locality.] j , Between Ray and Ramelton 

Scrophularia nodof, L ; ^ a r ..i7 Rn rn Rav • &c. 

Commoner than the last in Donegal. 



332 



DONEGAL 



Veronica agrestis, L.— Local. Eoadsides and ditches about 
Ramelton, &c. I believe it to be a native. 

V. montana, L. — Eare. Bulbein Mount. 

V. hederifolia, L. — Frequent; previously omitted by accident. F. 
'■'•Nejieta Cataria, L.— Waste ground about ruined cottages near 
Port-na-blagb, a mile from Dunfanagby. 

Lamium am plexicaule , L.— Rare. Near Magberdromin in Fanet. 

L. intermedium, Fries.— Local. Ball Green, by Lougli Swilly, 
east of Ramelton ; Port-na-blagb, near Dunfanagby. 

L. incision, Willd. — About Kindrum, and near Magberdromin 
by Kinnylough ; at Port na-blagb with the last. My friend, Mr. 
R. M. Barrmgton, has also gathered these three Lamia in Tory 
Island ; the latter two appear to me to be hardly worthy of specific 

Ga leopsis versicolor, Curt.— Local. About Lough Keel ; Leenane, 
and between that and Bulbein Mount. 

Utricularia vulgaris, L.— Very rare. Kincashla Point, and near 
Burton Port. 

U. intermedia, Hayne.— Very rare. In the lake at Kincashla 
Point, m " The Rosses," with the last. 

U. minor, L.— Glenlough, near the village ; lakes in " The 

AnagaW* arvensis, L.— I believe this plant to be native along 
sandy sea-coasts, as at Ards, and about Ray and Aughnish Island 
m Lough Swilly, &c. 

XLysimachia Nummularia, L.— Plentiful on hedge-banks at Augh- 
na-gacl iy and about a mile from there on a bank by the roadside 
to Ramelton. It is difficult to believe that it is not native in these 
stations where it has been observed for many years by my 
menu, l>ean Gwynn. It was, however, formerly much in vogue as 
a cottage-garden plant. 

IManUujo media, L.— Maintains its position at Glenalla, 1879. 

-Chenopodmm Bonus- Henries, L. — In a lane leading to the 

iodine Works at Ramelton, where it was pointed out to me by 
Bean Gwynn. 

Sucedam.nitima, Dum.— Local. Ray to Ramelton and Aughnish 

Island ; Lough Swilly ; Carrigart ; Burton Port; Kadew Strand, 
east of Burton Port. 

Sahola Kali, L.— Local. Kadew Strand, near Burton Port ; 

especially common along Tramore Strand, between Glen and 
Carrigart. 

Beta maritima, L.— Frequent. Common on shores in Fanet ; 
nornliead; lory; Sheephaven ; Breaghy Head ; Aranmore ; Bloody 
foreland, at the north-western extremity, &c. F. 

Saheorma herhacea, L.— This and the last-mentioned species 
were omitted from my previous list by mistake. Local. Upon 
Muhoy Lake, near Rossnakill in Fanet ; between Ramelton and 
Aughnish Island, and between Ray and Ramelton upon Lough 
bwiily ; Kadew Strand, near Burton Port. F. 

Atnplex deltoidea, Bab. (A. hastata, var., Auct.)— Aranmore, on 

the east shore, abundant. 



ON THE FLORA OF NORTH-WESTERN DONEGAL. 333 

A. erecta, Huds. ; A. angustifolia, Sm. ; A. BabmgtonU, Woods. 
Aranmore, with the last. Sea-shores, common. 

Polygonum viviparum, L. — Extremely rare. I found two small 
colonies of this alpine plant with Satmurea alpina at one hundred 
to fifty feet from the summit of Bulbein Mount, in Innishowen. 
It has hitherto been recorded in Ireland only from the Benbulben 
and Glenade Mountains, in Sligo and Leitrim. 

Polygonum, Rail, Bab. — Very rare. Sands between Carrigart 
and Sheephaven, a couple of plants ; and one plant between Port- 

na-blagh and Dunfanaghy. 

Euphorbia portlandica, L. — Bare, Near Marble Hill; Horn 
Head, near the house, and near Tramore Strand; on Tramore 

sand hills. 

\K. HeJioscnpia, L. — Increasing to the westward. 

\E. earigua, L. — Very rare. Waste ground near the sea be- 
tween Aughnish Island and Bamelton ; fields between the Milford 

end of Lough Fern and Lough Keel. 

Callitriche verna, L., var. platycarpa, Kutz. —Aranmore ; road- 
side ditch between Bunbeg and Gweedore. This form was noticed 
by Mr. Barrington on Tory Island ; it is probably common. 
C. hamulata, Kutz.— Gweedore, in the river below the hotel. 
[Parietaria diffusa, Koch.— I have been unable to rediscover this 
plant upon Rathmullan Castle, the locality given in my former 
list, and I fear there has been some mistake.] 

* Salix frag His, L.— Thoroughly established and looking wild by 

the shores of Glen Lough, near Glen. 

*& viminalis, L.— Kindrum and many places in Fanet, where it 
often appears quite wild ; by the Lennan, &c. F. 

{& Smith iana, Willd.— Frequent in Fanet, looking more like a 

native than the last. F. 

*S. alba, L.— Not unfrequent, but not native. F. 

8. kerbacea, L-— Rare. 1200 to 1620 feet on Bulbem Mount. 
1800 to 2200 feet on Nunekirk (Errigal ?). • 

Salix Orahami, Borr.— " Among moss on the top of Muckish 
Mountain/' 1868; D. Moore, * Recent Additions,' page 29. liiis 
willow, which is probably a hybrid, has not come under my notice 
On the mountains I have met with no other small willows except 

S. herhacea and S. repens. 

[Populus nigra, L.— Streamside between Bunlmn and Miliord; 
naturalised, but no doubt introduced.] 

Tarns baccata, L.-Rare as a native. Indigenous at Glenveagh, 
where thick trunks have often been dug out ot the soil. 

Orekis pyramidal*, L.-Rare and very local Marble Hill. 

GymJZni* campm, B. Br.-Rare and local. Macamish : 

Marble Hill. T*r —Local Old road between Fort 

Stewart and Ramelton. . ^^o^f^T?^f 

H. chlorantha, Bab.-Near Ramelton ; by the lower road to Fort 

IZera ovata, R. Br.-Fort Royal ; near Ramelton ; Macamish ; 
Ards. 



334 ON THE FLORA OF NORTH-WESTERN DONEGAL. 

L. cordata, R. Br. — Local and rare. Up to 1900 feet above 
sea-level on Muckish. 

Epipactis latifolia, All. — Very rare. Woods in the north-western 
part of Ards. 

*Iri$ fcetidis.sima, L. — Well established in thickets by the sea at 
Eathmullan House. 

*AUiiivi Babingtonii, Borr. — Occasionally to be met with in old 
cottage gardens, whence it has sometimes spread to wild-looking 
stations, as at Doaghbeg, where it covers a ditch-bank ; between 
Bay and Ramullan, and between Kilmacrennan and Paddy Murray's 
inn. This appears to be the ancient garlick of the Irish, now 
almost entirely disused in consequence of the introduction of 
better kinds. 

EHocaulon septangular e, With. — Very rare. In a small lake on 
Kincashla Point ; in The Rosses, about a quarter of a mile to the 
north-west of the Signal Tower. 

Juncus maritimusj Sm. — Local. Near Milford ; shores of Mul- 
roy Lake at Glinsk, and elsewhere ; between Bay and Ramelton ; 
between Bamelton and Whale Head, and on to Fort Stewart; 
Ramullan ; Lackagh Bridge ; Doagh Castle ; Burton Port ; Aran- 
more ; Horn Head, &c. 

J. acutiflorus, Ehrh. — Common. Omitted by accident from my 
last list. 

J. Gerardi, Lois., Jacq. — Frequent. Aranmore and Burton 

Port ; Rathmullan ; Tory Island, R. W. Barrington. 

^ Triglochin palustre, L. — Ascends to 1000 feet on Bulbein Moun- 
tain. 



iffi 



Rare. Small lake 



in Mamore Gap. 

S. minimum, Fries. — Very common on Aranmore. 
[Arum maculatiim, L. — The two localities given in my previous 
list for this plant are doubtful. I have not met with it of 
late years in my district, and I fear there may have been some 
error.] 

Potamogeton heterophyllus (Schreb.) — Very local. Abundant in 
Mullaghderg Lake, to the west of Bunbeg. 

P. litems, L. — Local. Lough Fern ; abundant in Long Lake 
near Drumalla, where it almost covers the surface of the water. 
The long thick peduncles make me think the plant in the latter 
locality to be P. Zizii, but I was unable to secure satisfactory 
specimens. 

P. perfoliatus, L. — Rare. Lough Fern. 

P. crispzis, L. — Previously omitted by accident. Ballymagahy 
Lake, and stream into it ; Lough Fern ; Kinnylough ; Magher- 
dromin Lake. F. 

P. pectinatm, L. — Kinnylough. L. 

P. pusUlus, L. — Glenalla Pond. 

P. Jiliformis, L. — South side of Kinnylough. My specimens 
have been carefully examined and identified by my friend Mr. 
A. G. More, who discovered the first Irish locality. 

Zostera nana, Roth.— I gathered specimens, which I believe 



ON THE FLORA OF NORTH-WESTERN DONEGAL. 335 

belonged to this species, on a strand at Ards, just below high-water 
mark ; but as there was no fruit I could not be quite certain of its 

identity. 

Cladium mariscm, Br. —Local, and rather rare. Glenlougn ; 

very luxuriant in a pond at Ards, where it reaches a height of over 

six feet above the water. 

Iihijnchospora alba, Vahl.— Local. Campbell's Bog, Fauct. t. 
Eleocharis multicaulis, Sm.— Very local. Aranmore and Burton 

Port. 

Scirpus maritimus, L.— Very local. In small quantities upon 
the shores of Lough Swilly, below Carralsena ; between Ray and 
Ramelton, and between Eamelton and Aughuish Island ; shore ot 
Mulroy Lake on Rossgull ; at Clontallagh, near Carrigart. 

5. Tabemcvnontani, Gm.— Rare. By the side of Lough Swilly, 

near Ramelton. ,'...»• j 4. 

S. fluitans, Hook. Local. Very plentiful 111 a pond at 

1 Bh/smus rufus, Panz.-Very rare. Salt marsh by Lough Swilly, 

close to Ramelton. , „ . ,, .„• 

r< 7- • t Tncal r.nrrfldoan • Bulbeiu Mountain, 

Carta puhcaru, JL. — Liocai. Uiuwuudu , ^^± u 

from 1000 feet to the summit ; shores of Lough iieel. 

C. vulrnna, L. Rare and local. Shores of Lough Swilly 

at Carralsena ; Ramelton and Ramullan in small quantities. 
C. reuwta, L.-Rare. « Backwood/' Carradoan 
C. ovalis, Good.-Local. Lough Conny, near Milford, at the 

head of the stream. i*..!*™*, Mmin 

C. rigida, Good.-Rare and local. Common on Bulbein Moun- 
tain near the top ; 700 to 2000 feet on Muckish. 

C. palle»cen,;iMm. Bare. Thicket at side of Lough Columb- 

km ^S L.-Bare. With C. rioi* on Bulbein Mountain, 
and Muckish. §| Urri Mr a Moore ... 

t^aS^K^-oA M&l: probably 

^ ^rTooKoiT 3 "£Sr*S ^tween 
Ran^rS Aughuish Island, A*^^^ 



Aranmore 



Phleiwi armarium, h.— Jjocoi. 
Carrigart ; Tramote Strand Carngart rf 



at Ards. 



££U/«, Uf~. Woods-Local. Macamish, Lough Swilly ; 
Carrigart ; Bloody Foreland ^ Eamelton> aml 

S. ,,,«„/.*«, Li ^ l ."Lo c a ^ Foreland . 

along shore to Fort btewait , j>iuwv 



336 ON THE FLORA OF NORTH-WESTERN DONEGAL. 

Briza media, L. — Bare and local. Fort Boyal, and near 
Banielton. 

Catabrosa aquatica, Presl. — Local. Frequent on Aranmore, and 
on the Bloody Foreland. Increasing westwards. 

Festuca sylvatica, Vill. — Very rare. Glenalla Woods, in two or 
three places. 

F. gigantea, Vill. — Bather local. Carradoan ; Killydonnelly. 

F. arundinacea, Schreb. — Very local. Glenalla ; Bay Woods. 

B ramus asper, L. — Local. Drumalla. 

Elymu* arenarius, L. — Bare and very local. In small quantities 
and stunted upon the eastern shore of Aranmore in two places ; 
near Leabgarrow and a couple of miles south of it. Abundant and 
luxuriant upon the western side of Carrick Finn Island, to the 
west of Bunbeg ; along a strand facing north a little north of 



, "ivu b v» u^uixu. A «^"rt 



Bunbeg ; about three miles north of Bunbeg upon the shore towards 
the Bloody Foreland, on the north side of Calheen Biver. 

Equisetum maximum, Lam. — Very rare. In two small glens 
between Macamish and Glenvor, near Glenvor ; near Whale Head, 
to the east of Bamelton. In each case in company with Polysticlmm 

angulare. 

Poli/podium Phegopteris, L. — Local and scarce. From Drumalla 

to Auchterlinn ; in one place with Hymenophyllum Wilsoni on 

cliffs facing north upon Muchish Mountain, at 1750 feet above 
sea-level. 

Lastma Oreopteris, Presl. — Very local. Common in Auchterlinn, 
and down the valley to Carradoan; roadside near Carrowkeel, 
between Glenalla and Carrablagh; between Muckish Gap and 
Caleabber Bridge. 

Polystichum aculeatum, Both.— Bare and very local. Glenalla, 
in two or three places; Drimnacraig ; Bunlinn. F. (These 
localities were accidentally given under P. angulare in my former 
paper). The variety P. lobatum occurs near Fort Stewart ; Very 
Bev. Dean Gwynn. 

P. angulare, Presl. Very local. In a small glen by the 
sea between Glenvor and Macamish; Whale Head, between 
Bamelton and Fort Stewart; on Daisyknowe Island, half-way 
between Bay and Bamelton ; woods about Long Lough, near Bath- 
mullan : at Ards. 



f 



— Extremely rare. I 



found a single plant on Bulbein Mountain, August, 1879. 

Athi/rium Filix-fcemina, Both. — I gathered a remarkable M sport" 
of this fern amongst cliffs behind Lough Sesiagh, near Dunfanaghy. 
It bore spores upon the upper as well as the lower surface of 
the pinnules, frequently upon both faces of the same pinnule, 
while the fronds were remarkably dissected. Mr. Moore, of 
Chelsea, to whom I sent specimens, considered it quite a new variety. 

Asplenium lixitamuraria, L.— Bare. Cliffs facing north, about a 
mile and a half inland in a south-easterly direction from the mill 
near Milford, at about 600 feet above sea-level. This is the only 
indisputably native locality I have seen. Killydonnelly 



Mr. Batt. 



ON GYMNOMITKIUM OBTUSUM. 387 

HymenophyUum Wihoni, Hook.— Local. Muckish Mountain, 
with Polypodium Phegopteru ; Drummonaghan Wood near Rainelton, 

Dean Gwynn. 

Botrychium Lunaria, Sw. — Local. Between Ramelton and Fort 

Stewart, by the side of the old road. Here, as in Fanet, in 
company with Habenana nitidis. 

Ophioglossum hisitanicum, L.— I gathered this plant again on 
Horn Head, fruiting in September, 1879. Specimens sent to Sir 
J. Hooker and to Mr. H. C. Watson were pronounced distinct from 

(). ambigtmm of Orkney. 

Isoetes lacustris, L.— Rare. Aranmore, in Lough Shore. 

Lycopodium alpinwn, L.— Quite rare. Dooish Mountain, near 
the summit to the westward. 



ON GYMNOMirBIUM OBTUSUM. 

By W. H. Peakson. 

GrYMNOMITKIUM OBTUSUM, 

Dioicous. When tufts crowded, stems erect, with branches few, 
assurgent, ascending to height of chief stem; when tufts loose 
stems prostrate, creeping; leaves closely clasping stem on both 
sides; fertile stems increasing in size to apex, which is blunt and 
swollen ; barren shoots catenulate ; leaves ovate, roundish ovate, 
bidentate; segments round and obtuse, finely cmndate. 

Cesia obtusa, Lindberg in ' Meddelanden jf Sooietaa Pro Fauna 
et Flora Fennica' (Helsingsfors), Feb. 3rd, 1877. 

Jmuiertnanilia yymtwmitrioides, Nees ? /?,,„,„„. 

Exsiccate. Gottsche & Baben., Hep. Eur. no 5 67, as tf^>- 
mit,ium concinnatum, Card*. Carrmgton & parson Hep. Brit. Ex., 
Fasc. I., no. 1, with (iymwmitrium eoncmnatiun ^ Corda 

Growing in the crevices of rocks, or on the baie exposeci or 
shaded Tck, at an elevation of from a ewhundred feet (Glen 
Finnan, Inverness) to 3f 70 feet (summit of Snawd^ 

Mardale V Westmoreland, ^ Geo ^ A . 

Inverness, July, 187B, Hi. Oamng ^ Merionethshire, 

shire, Aug., 1870, J. *1. bun, w Llanberis, 

July, 1870, W. HP. ; Aug f^es" Summit of Snowdon, 
Carnarvonshire, Aug., l«/», fr.rr 7w UP * 
June, 1880, J. E. Byrom, J. Nerfd, & W \H ^ ften le 

Plants growing in tutta of a ie ^ in f eS ^ ged dark coloured; 
of a silvery polished appearance j where exposed, aa 
where much shaded, with a greeni s h tinge. ^ 

Stems intricately entangled, t^ * inch ton ^ 
outer layer of cells of a darker coloui and stron er 
inner ones. ___— — : . ~ 

— — ' ~ f T" ,i,n t .ns from most of these localities to the 

* [Mr. l>ear,oii has presented! 8P«*"™?f _" m be found in our last number 
British Museum Herbarium. Other localttfe. Wll 

(p. ai«).— Ed. Joukn. Bot.] 2 x 



338 ON GYMNOMITRIUM OBTUSUM. 



•8x-25, -25X-25, -25x-24, -26x-23, -28x-21, -22x-21 
diameter. 

Eootlets few, hyaline, arising from the under side of stem where 
the two series of leaves join, ascending to about the middle of stem; 
the leaves have to be carefully separated from stem before the 
origin of the rootlets can be seen. 

Leaves ovate, roundish ovate, obovate, sometimes broader at 
the lower half of leaf, some broader at the upper, concave, bidentate, 
margin entire (not speaking of segments) except occasionally at the 
outside of leaf opposite where the segments end, or a little lower, 
is a shallow hollowing out; in one leaf this was so marked that 
the basal margin appeared toothed ; upon being magnified V slight 
irregularities may be noted by the marginal cells not running 
regularly round the side of leaf, but where the leaf increases in 
breadth rows of four, five, and six cells are as it were added to the 
leaf; sinus shallow, extending to a depth of from one-fifth to 
one-fourth of the leaf; at the base of sinus sharp, with the segments 
frequently slightly overlapping, widening out broadly, with the 
segments broad, obtuse, nearly of equal size ; each segment of leaf 
very concave, forming at the top of each leaf two spoon-shaped 
hollows ; segments finely, roundly crenulate on both the inner and 
outer sides ; cells on each side of sinus from ten to fourteen in 
number ; the leaves have a hyaline border of irregular depth which 
is distinctly reticulated to the edge, sometimes the whole leaf 
hyaline, others (young terminal leaves) green to the very margin ; 
these terminal leaves are also often in the middle reddish brown 
coloured, pale green at the base which gradually changes into 
reddish brown and increases in intensity, then suddenly hyaline. 

Size of leaf, -9mm. x '7mm., -9 x -65, -9 x -6, -875 x -6, -85 x '7, 
•825 x -6, -8x-7, -7X-85 (male), -775 x -6, -75x-65, -75 x -6, 
•725 x -55, -7 x -5, -65 x -5, -6 x -525. 

Segments, -4 and -225, -325 and -3, -3 and -25, -175 and -15 broad. 

Segments about -25 deep. 

Structure.— Marginal cells quadrate small (parva) cells of the 
centre between mediocres and parvula (see Spruce, 'Journal of 
Botany/ "On Ammoclada," page 6, 1876); in the segments the 
outer margin of same rounded, the second and third series of 
marginal cells are also small, then they gradually increase in size 
and assume a more hexagonal oblong shape, being large and six- 
sided m the basal centre of leaf; in the other portions of leaf four-, 
five-, and six-sided. Trigones small, but very distinct. 

Size: marginal cells, -002 x -002; centre of leaf, -005 x -0025, 
•004 x -003, -004 x -002, -00375 x -002, -0035 x -0025, -003 x -002. 

Trigones rather less than -001. 

Male stems swollen at the ends where are the antheridia ; in a 
few stems I have found a few antheridia in the middle of the stem ; 
pengomal leaves but little altered from the others, more swollen at 
the base, and rather broader. 

Antheridia few, oval, with swollen base when young; bearers 
as long or longer than the antheridia (some twelve cells long) ; the 
outer skin of antheridia very persistent. 



ON GYMNOMITRIUM OBTUSUM. 339 

Size, -25mm. long, by -15mm. broad, with bearer -4 long. 



2 „ -175 „ '4 

18 „ '14 „ -35 



>> 



>> 



Fertile stem. In all tlie plants examined I have failed to find 
fruit, having only met with one imperfect female stem, which 
upon dissection showed a broad involucral leaf with short tongue- 
shaped segments ; archegonia few, oblong, apparently composed of 
three layers of cells. -15 X .05mm., -13 x -Olnim., -115 x -03. 

Prof. S. 0. Lindberg, of Helsingsfors, has very justly raised to 
the rank of a species what has by some hepaticologxsts been looked 
upon as a form either of Gi/mnomitrium concinnatum or coraUoide$, 
but from both of which it shows itself, upon close examination, to 

be different, and that constantly. . ■ . 

In the summer of 1876 Dr. Carrington collected it in abundance, 
alon" with Q. concinnatum, at Glen Finnan, Inverness, and was at 
the time inclined to look upon it as a form of Q. wrMndes; but 
as it differed in some essential characters, preferred to send it out 
along with Q, concinnatum, and so in some copies of Carr. & rear 
Hep. Brit. Ex., Fasc. L, no. 1, Gymnotmtrvum obtusion as found with 
G. concinnatum. Later in the autumn of 1878, I had my attention 
called closely to it by receiving from my friend, Mr E. M. Holmes, 
specimens marked G. coralhides, Cader Idris Merionethshire 
August, 1878 ; I saw that it was the same that I had collected 
previously on Cader, and Dr. Carrington m Scotland, and which 
was distinctly different from true coralhides specimens of which 
from the Continent I possess, and as this new species was given in 
Gott. & Bab., Hep. Eur., no. 567, as Gymnomitnum concinnatum, 
' ' Khongebirge Geheeb, Folhs bilobis , lobis obtains margine ceUukiruin 
prominentia crenulatis cuticula granulosa pulverulenta I left it 
as a singular form of concinnatum until lately when Prof. Lmdbeig, 
in a letter to Dr. Carrington, called attention to it as the one 



described 



From Gij 



by him as a new species, under the name Cesi* otema. 

Gumnnmitrium concinnatum it may be distinguished by its 



rounded obtuse finely crcnulatr segments; the closely and leguLuly 
imbricating leaves, bifarously inserted, never secund as Piof. 
Lindberg especially mentions ies 

Gymnomitnum crenulatum, Gottscne, is a >yu . j r 

with finer stems, arcuately branched, dark blackish Wn colour^ 

in ak^^ .t»ti«n. greenish; in this species the segments aie 



in snaaea stations gieemoxi, ^ — - j. T1QWn w <*lnvn- 

acute, with the **»^^%^S%3£2. 

Kft&SS &Xt ;; M &. of leaf, shown* 

apex of leaf and form of cells +300. h-Mummi ' m<r e 240 

In Limprichfs < Kryptogamen-Flora ^^^ ' 
GymnomitrLn crenulatum, Gott., is given as aj et y f o* uinat u m 
Corda. After observing it growing for se a 1 £«£«* ^ 

mecimens from different station* m Britain, i am 
Eft as being a very distinct and characteristic 



examination of s_ 
inclined to look upon 



s P ecies - ,, ., v-m 1,00 o m oiv pointed leaf without 

Gymnomitrium roraihi.hs, Jees, W*v»»»V irregular 

sinusi or if present, very shaUow; margin entire, oi vciy irregular 



340 ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM 

through being weathered, which always has a very delicate 
diaphanous hyaline border, so delicate that rarely any cellular 
structure is to be observed ; this I find a very constant character, 
and is to be noted in all the stages of growth of the leaves : this 
character, along with the entire absence of any approach to 
crenulation, at once separates it from obtusum. Prof. Lindberg 
mentions that obtusum is found in many places in Scandinavia ; 
so Dr. Spruce writes me that it may turn out to be the commonest 

species in these islands. 

Nees von Esenbeck, in his 'Natural History of the European 
Hepaticas' (1836), vol. ii., page 52, describes a species Jxmtjermannia 
gymnomitrioides, which is admitted into the ' Synopsis Hepaticarum,' 
Gottsche, Lindenberg & Nees (1844), page 107; but in the Supple- 
ment, on the authority of Gottsche, is referred to the male plant of 

Gymnomitrium concinnatum. 

From our present knowledge of the distinctions between obtusum 
and concinnatu m we might be led to think, from Nees' description, 
that he had the former in view. The point could at once be 
settled by the examination of the original specimens from the 
Herbarium of Nees, but most probably Prof. Lindberg fully 
satisfied himself of their distinctness before creating the new 
species obtusion. 



ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM HERBARH 

WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 

Auctore S. Le M. Moore. 

(Continued from p. 314.) 

§ Gendarussa. 

Justicia Salsola (sp. nov. ) — Divaricata, ramosissima, caule ob- 
scure tetragono primo pubescente et (sicco) pallide viridi mox 
glabro nodosulo valido cortice albido spongioso copiose obducto 
et reliquias ramorum evanidorum ferente, foliis crebris linearibus 
obtusis coriaceis mox glabris floribus axillaribus solitariis fere 
omnino sessilibus, bracteis linearibus quam calyx paullo brevioribus, 
calycis laciniis 5 subaequalibus linearibus acutis pubescentibus, 
corolhe extus pubescentis tubo fere uniformi limbi labio postico 
2-fido lobis omnibus ovatis, filamentis crassiusculis basi glabns 
antherarum bculis subaequalibus inferiore eximie calcarato, stylo 
capitellato, capsula oblonga compressa apice acutata obscure 
puberula 2-sperrua, seminibus hand visis. 

Hab. In collinis aridis maritimis ad Praia da Amelia. (No. 5023.) 

Caulis basi vix 4-0 cm., crassus. Folia 1-1*5 cm. long, vix 
2*0 cm. lat., superiora vero minora sicca pallide viridia subtus 
obscure 1-nervia. Flores parvi brevissime pedunculati. Bracteae 
calycisque laciniae 0*5 cm. long. Capsula 0-6 cm. long. 

Cum J. patula, Lichst. et prassertim J. orchioidi, L. fil compar- 
anda, sed habitu equidem multo minus rigido, bracteis diyersis, 
floribus minoribus, calyce pubescente ab ambabus faciliter dignos- 
cenda. A J. martioidi, T. And. et J. spermdifolia, T. And. speciminibus 



HERBARH WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 



841 



in herb. Trin. Coll. Dub. servatis et mihi descriptione tantum 
notis ob cbaracteres multos longe abhorret. 

J. brevicaulis (sp. nov.)— Herbula, humilis, caulibus e rhizomate 
polycepbalo flavido robusto erectis tenuibus basi incrassatis 
pubescentibus, foliis parvis sessilibus oblongis obtusiusculis deinde 
margine ciliato excepto fere glabris subcoriaceis, peduncuhs 
unifloris erectis folia longe excedentibus pubescentibus, bracteis 
sub flore foliis caulinis similibus nisi minoribus concavis, calycis 
laciniis 5 fere equalibus lineari-lanceolatis pubescentibus, corolto 
calycem longe excedente tubo sub fauce ampliato labu antici lobis 
lateralibus oblongis obtusisshnis lobo mediano oblongo-ovato 
acutiusculo labii postici lobis brevibus obtusis antberarum loculo 
inferiore breviter calcarato connectivo praesertnn loc. superiors 
valde expanso, disco cupulari, capsula immatura calyce inclusa. 

Hab. Earior in collinis breve berbidis petrosis inter Mumpulla 

et None distr. Huilla. (No. 5774.) 

Circa 2-pollicaris. Blhzoma ad 0-7 cm. crassum cortice 
subifero obductum, glabrum. Folia ad 1-7 cm long, (plerumque 
minora) et 0-5 cm. lat., conspicue 1-nervia. Pedunculi 2-C cm 
long. Bracte* 0-4 cm. calycisque lobi 0-6 cm. long. Coiolla 
extus puberula basi glabra, violacea. 

§ Harniera. 

J. insidaris, T. And. (Adhatoda d[fma, Nees). 

Hab. Distr. Golungo Alto sineloci mdicatione. (Nos. 5117, 5143.) 



J. externa / T. And. 



§ Bhaphidospora. 



HarS us" it sporadice ad "^"f™^ 

editioribus iLsidii pr Cabondo distr. Pungo Andongo (No 1248.) 
editioiibus pr^siaii p ^ sloual Verification. 

It is with gieat aouuu t ^uiJml&v without flowers even 



Anderson's type is a r ^^6 " On the other hand our 
when he was so rasb MK to dew* be 

^eUoles 1 : 18 The sXumce" DrNvel.itsch's notes upon this plant 
is as follows:— P lon»atus late scandens, flexuosus, 

B^^, i fc£rt jS? feo« ^-sa griseo-viridjs 
cyhndncus ^g™£ ^periore tote viridis et tovigatus tota 
tenuiter sulcatus, in parte supenux _ , yjridis, 5-fidus, 

longitudme ad node, conspcue etaga - Ca s v , ^ . 

laciniis »i»^^™; it< ?*^^,tri»t», labia sup. erecto, 
sulplmrea into > ta* udn ah ■ r = *£xi- Discus pli . 

apice breviter bindo, mi. ,uul .° , ... „;,,,, „, co mioctivum 
formis. Filamenta compressing, i. Uoea. *V , 

inciter didymum oa ™£^£Sto £S» Siigm. 
SEK tenure* bilobnni. Semina (ju.enalia) com- 

planata, late membranaceo-alata. 

J. Anwlliana, T. And. „ tlHr .. ct 111;1 , qi um fl. Cuamya prope 

Hab. Nutans in staaui ad catai^t. ,u. i 
Condo disk. Fungo Andongo. (Nos. 5172, 5170.) 



342 SHORT NOTES. 

Flores albi. 

Var. angustifolia . Folia 5*0 cm. long., 0*2 cm. lat. 

Hab. Distr. Pungo Andongo inter Lombe et Canduniba. (No. 



5098.) 



Dubicr. 



Nos. 5124, 5203, J. sp. (§ Betonica?). Specimina maxime 
imperfecta fortasse ad J. Betonicam referenda. 

No. 5120. J. (§ Rostellaria) sp. nov. ut videtur aff. J. Nepetm noh. 

Herba 1-3-pedalis, ramosissima, graveolens. Flores ex Wel- 
witscliio "pallide purpurei" nobis non obvii. 

No. 5066. J.sp. (§ Rostellaria). Bamulus parvus tantum a 
nobis visus. 

No. 5136. J. sp. (§ Rostellaria). Specimen valde mancum an 
ad J. viossamedeam referendum ? 

No. 5137. Fragmentum an aff. J. mossamede® ? 

No. 5032 cujus iconem et fragmentum parvulum tantum vidi 
videtur eadem ac No. 5137. 

No. 5211. Fortasse forma magnibracteata J. Anselliance, T. 
And., sed specimen imperfectum. 

No. 5077. Fragmentum. An hujus generis ? 



R. communis, Nees. 



Ehinacanthus, Nees. 



Hab. Mata de Pungo distr. Pungo Andongo et distr. Jeha do 
Principe sine loci indicatione et Serra de Xella distr. Bumbo. 
(Nos. 5191, 5204, 5010.) 

The Bumbo plant is the large-flowered hairy form. 

(To be continued.) 



SHORT NOTES. 



Non-germination of Aectic Seeds (see p. 306).— I think it right 
to mention that the experiments made at the Glasnevin and College 
Botanic Gardens cannot be considered quite conclusive, inasmuch 
as the seeds were taken from herbarium specimens collected in 
1875 and 1876, and afterwards kept in a damp ship's cabin, and 
the trial was not made until the spring of 1880.— H. C. Hart. 

Cardamine Hayneana, Welw. — The note about this form of 
Cardamine pratemis in the ' Beport of the Botanical Exchange Club 
lor 1879' (p. 5) is misleading. It runs thus: — " Cardamine allied 
to Hayneana, Welwitsch. Mr. George Nicholson also distributes 
specimens of a plant he collected between Kew and Mortlake. In 
the ' Journal of Botany ' Mr. Nicholson says it agrees thoroughly 
with Welwitsch's specimens, and only differs in its having lanceolate 
leaves." I sent to the Club specimens of a distinct variety which 



Hay 



dill 



and I wrote to Mr. Bailey to that effect, asking him to cross out 



SHORT NOTES. 243 

the varietal name. The C. Hayneana mentioned in ' Journ. Bot.' 
(p. 202) was not sent to the Club at all ; I have now grown it in a 
pot for a year, and it retains its very distinctive character under 
these artificial conditions. Dr. Boswell is hardly correct in his 
conjecture that the plant wrongly named Hayneana and the var. 
dentata are respectively starved and luxuriant states of C. j>ratensis t 
for the former grew by the edge of a moat in damp rich loam, and 
apparently under conditions which would tend to make it assume 
anything but a starved appearance. — George Nicholson. 

Shropshire Plants. — While botauising in June last in the 
neighbourhood of Ellesmere with Mr. Beckwith, who is giving 
great attention to our county flora, we came on a Potanivyeton 
floating in the canal near Blackmere, which on carefully examining 
we felt satisfied was P. pra-hmym, a plant not hitherto recorded for 
this county. As there is a slight current in the canal we were in 
doubt where it came from ; but Mr. Beckwith has visited the neigh- 
bourhood again, and has found it in quantity near the same place. 
Care* elongate is recorded in Leighton's 'Shropshire Flora' as 
occurring 'at Colemere, near Ellesmere ; but Mr. Beckwith has 
discovered another locality for it on the margin of Wlntemere, near 
the same town. In the immediate vicinity of Shrewsbury there is 
a tract of land belonging to the corporation of the town called 
Kingsland, which has been recently sold to the governing body of 
King Edward's School for a new site, on which is being built a 
more commodious structure than the old building for the accom- 
modation of this rapidly increasing school. Some soil having been 
removed to make room for the foundation of one of the masters 

houses, a plentiful crop of Datura Stramonium, Hyoscyamw niyer 

and En/simum orientals was detected on it by Mr. T. P. Blunt and 
Mr. W. Beacall. The last-named plant has not before been recorded 
for Shropshire. Still more recently on the same heap of soil the 
Rev. W. A. Leighton found Amaranthus retroJle.rus.—W . Phillips. 

Mesembrianthemum not Mesembryanthemum.-So it h 'Properly 
written by Jacob Breyne, who made the name, and by Dilta. 
who took it up, both giving the derivation fr ™;^X™^S5 
alluding to the time the blossoms open But both Breyne and 
Dillenius about half the time wrote Mesefnbryanthemurn Lmn«us 
adopting the latter, became consistent by making a wiong and 
far fe ched derivation to match the orthography. Among systematic 
write* TspreTigel almost alone keeps to the correct orthography, 
vriueib, opitjii^cx r Brevne, m his edition of his 

and Webb insists on it. Ine youngei .-raj""' ,• 

father's 'Prodromus ' has a note about it p. 81). He mentions an 
latnei s nodromus u* , namely, that some species do 

excuse for changing the ortnogiapuy, u**u j, t^,,...,.. 

"'iTen l2fZ e "objection. If heeded that kind of 

objection would be fetal to very many generu .names ;-& . Okay, 
in • Coulter's Botanical Gazette,' vol. v., p. 89 (Aug. & Sept., 1880). 



344 SHOKT NOTES. 

Silene Otites, Sm., in Essex. — I have recently gathered 
Silene Otites on the Roman wall at Colchester, in a somewhat 
exposed situation to the north of the town, by the footpath 
to the river. I observed but very few plants, but had no time 
to make any search. There is or was a "Botanic Garden" 
at no very great distance, and adjoining another portion of the 
wall ; I know nothing, however, of its present state, and the 
Silene does not seem very likely to have been an escape. It is not 
given for the county in 'Topographical Botany.' Among other 
unrecorded stations in Essex may be noticed : — Pulicaria vulgaris, 
in a green lane at High Wood Quarter, near Writ tie ; Calamintha 
peta, very well marked, on the ruins of St. Botolph's Priory, 
Colchester ; J uncus diffusm, by the road- side at Redmdike, near 
the Lodge of Writtle Park; and Calamagrostis Epigeios, in the 
neighbouring spring, and for some distance along the lane within 
the gate. — R. A. Pryor. 



Trichomanes radio ans in France. — It may interest British 
botanists to learn that the Irish fern, Trichomanes radicans, was 
discovered for the first time in France during the session of 
the Societe Botanique de France in the Basque country, last July. 
It occurred sparingly on the Rhune mountains, near St. Jean de Luz. 
The Western Pyrenees appear to be remarkably poor in plants, but 
some species peculiar to Ireland and the West of England were 

gathered, such as Dabeocia pulifolia, Erica vagans and ciliaris, and 
a moss, Fissidens pulyphyllus. — T. Howse. 



Ranunculus confervoides ? in Britain. — To this species Dr. 
Boswell is inclined to refer a Batrachian Ranunculus found this 
summer in Rescobie Loch, Forfarshire, by Mr. Abram Sturrock, 
who gives the following description of his discovery in the ' Scottish 
Naturalist' for October (pp. 350, 351) :— "On the 27th of July last 
a small party of us, consisting of Mr. J. Knox, Mr. W. Graham, 
and myself, paid a visit to the loch, when Mr. Graham observed a 
number of small star-like flowers at a considerable depth in the 
water. This proved to be a Batrachian Ranunculus. Though there 
was a depth of water of from two and a half to three and a half feet, 
we found to our surprise not only buds and flowers, but well- 
matured fruit ! As several eminent botanists seem to doubt the 
possibility of any Ranunculus fertilising under water, I insist that 
it is an impossibility that any of these flow ers could ever have been 
near the surface of the water. The whole plant does not exceed a 
foot in length ; it is procumbent in habit, and roots at the nodes ; 
the peduncles do not stand an inch in length ; it was found in 
three feet and upwards of water; and at the time the loch stood at 
its lowest summer leveL" Mr. Sturrock gives the following 
diagnosis of the species: — "Stems about a foot long, slender 
rooting at the nod i. Leaves all submersed, shortly stalked, 
mostly twice trifurcate, with (multiplied) segments collapsing. 
Stipules adnate, not auricled. Buds globose, sub-pentagonal. 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 345 

Sepals blackish at the edge. Petals five, veined, small, not 
contiguous, star-like in the water. "Stamens few, mostly six, about 
as long as the pistils. Stigma short, somewhat oblique. Eeceptacle 
somewhat conical, thicker than the peduncle, with the usual 
annulus at the base. Inner edge of carpels nearly straight, outer 
semicircular, Fr. ped. about one inch long, somewhat exceeding 
the leaves, curved at the base. Flowering and fruiting in deep 
water." 



Extracts aitir Notices of Boofts auir ffitmoiv*. 



NEW BRITISH AND IRISH FUNGI. 

The following five new species of Fungi new to science, found 
in Great Britain or Ireland, have lately been described :— 

Unmularia Cn/ptosteyia, Pirn.— Forming a very delicate snow- 
white bloom on decaying seeds of Cryptotfagia in a stove at 
Monkstown, Co. Dublin. Threads well developed, simple or 
slightly branched, spores large, oblong-cylindrical, rounded at the 
ends, about -03-04 x -006-007 mm., with one to three very delicate 
septa inserted on the extremities of the threads. March, 1880. 
Greenwood Pirn, in 'Grevillea,' viii., p. 150. 

Peziza electnna, Ph. & PL— Gregarious, minute, subgelatmous, 
glabrous, amber-coloured, disconcave, marginate ; stem rather 
short, firm ; asci narrowly clavate, pointed at the summit ; 
sporidia 8, biseriate, cylindraceo-fusiform, -005 x -001 mm. On 
decaying leaves of Finns sylvestris. Forres, N.B., intimately 
associated with Dacn/myces succineus, Fr.- The cups are •l--5mm. 
across, paler on the margin ; the stem is generally darker at the 
base. W. Phillips, in 'Grevillea,' vm., p. 155. 

The three following are described and figured by Mr William 
Phillips in the 'Gardeners' Chronicle' for Sept. 4, pp. 308, duy :— 

Ped:, ( Humana) m#*r*. - Crowded or scattered sessile, 
concave when dry, applanate when moist, submargmate, chestnut- 
brown, glabrous, asci cylindraceo -clavate ; sporxdia 8 ovate -or -sub- 
globose, smooth, with one large nucleus, -014-016 X ;01 1-012 mm 
paraph^ses from one to six times branched summits proh ferou ly 
pyriform, or moniliform, or only slightly enlarged On a mix ure 
of lime and cow-dung spread on the trunks of apple trees ; S prmg. 
Clifton [near Bristol] , Mr. Cedric Bucknal . |-3mm. across The 
parses are rem arable ^J^^g^^^^ 

cells of the exterior of tne cup are biu<ui, w 

8lob S ; „ ,1*.,. r ) t£ « r ^r^s^X: s& 

concave, thin pale yellow ™»«» '™8 claTat /. rid ia 

aexuous, pointed white ^n^wci printed, -01-018 x -001- 

OoTomm "On" "decayed *tok-£w October. Leigh Down, 
Son M, Cclfe SctaU. Caps -2-8 mm. across. The hairs 

2 Y 



346 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

are without septa, and are so delicate that they are diffluent in 
water with only slight pressure. I have not seen any paraphyses. 
Phacidum tetrasporum, Ph. & Keith. Epiphytous, erumpent, 
circular or oblong, convex, cinereous, seated on a brownish yellow 
spot, splitting irregularly into three or four lacinise ; disc black on 
the surface, brownish yellow within; asci broadly clavate ; 
sporidia 4, elliptical-ovate, with a septum near the lower end, 
often with a papilla, brown ; paraphyses numerous, septate, with 
brown pear-shaped heads. On the upper side of juniper leaves 
while yet green, simulating a Puccinia. Forres, Rev. James Keith. 
1 mm. across. Sporidia -025--021 x -017 mm. 



A Reformed System of Terminology of the Reproductive Organs of the 

ThaUophyta. By Alfred W. Bennett, B.Sc, F.L.S., and 
George Murray, F.L.S.* 

After giving illustrations of the present chaotic state of 
cryptogamic terminology, the authors proceed to state that the 
object they have kept in view is to arrive at a system which shall 
be symmetrical and in accordance with the state of knowledge, and 
which shall at the same time interfere as little as possible with 
existing terms. A few new terms are introduced, but the total 

number is greatly reduced. 

In the fourth edition of his 'Lehrbuch,' Sachs defines a 
" spore" as a "reproductive cell produced directly or indirectly by 
an act of fertilisation," reserving the term "gonidium" for those 
reproductive cells which are produced without any previous act of 
impregnation. The practical objections to this limitation of terms 
are pointed out, and it is proposed to restore the term spore to 
what has been in the main hitherto its ordinary signification, viz., 
any cell produced by ordinary processes of vegetation and not by a union 
of sexual elements, which becomes detached for the purpose of direct 

vegetative reproduction. The spore may be the result of ordinary 
cell-division or of free cell formation. In certain cases (zoospores) 
ts first stage is that of a naked mass of protoplasm ; in rare 
instances it is multicellular, breaking up into a number of cells 
(poly spores, composed of menspores, or breaking up into sporidia). 
Throughout Thallophytes the term is used in the form of one of 
numerous compounds expressive of the special character of the 
organ in the class in question. Thus, in the Protophyta and 
Mucorini we have chlamydospores ; in the Myxomycetes, sporangia- 
spores; in the Peronosporese, conidiospores ; in the SaprolegniesB, 
Oophycese, and some Zygophycese, zoospores; in the Uredinese, 
teleutospores, cecidiospores, uredosporrs, and sporidia ; in the Basidio- 
mycetes, basidiospores ; in the Ascomycetes (including Lichenes), 
conidiospores , stylospores, ascospores, polyspores, and merispores ; in 
the Hydrodictyeae, megaspores; in the Desmidicse, auxospores; m 
the Volvocine® and Mesocarpete, parthenospot v.s :; in the Siphone® 

and Botrydieae, Jtupnospores ; in the (Edogoniaceae, androspores; * n 



* Head, Aug. 3*6 th, at the Meeting of the British Association at Swansea 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIBS. 847 

the Florideae, tetraspores and octospores. The cell in which the 
spores are formed is in all cases a sporangium. 

In the terminology of the male fecundating organs very little 
change is necessary. The cell or more complicated structure in 
which the male element is formed is uniformly termed an anther- 
idium, the ciliated fecundating hodies antherozoids (in preference to 
" spermatozoids "). In the Florideae and Lichenes, the fecundating 
hodies are destitute of vibratile cilia ; in the former case they are 
still usually termed "antherozoids," in the latter " sperinatia," 
and their receptacles " spermogonia." In order to mark the 
difference in structure from true antherozoids, it is proposed to 
designate these motionless bodies in both cases pollinoids; the term 
' " spermogonium " is altogether unnecessary, the organ being a 
true antheridium. 

A satisfactory terminology of the female reproductive organs 
presents greater difficulties. The limits placed to the use of the 
term spore and its compounds require the abandonment of 
"oospore" for the fertilised oosphere in its encysted stage anterior 
to its segmentation into the embryo. The authors propose the 
syllable sperm as the basis of the various terms applied to all those 
bodies which are the immediate result of impregnation. It is 
believed that it will be found to supply the basis of a symmetrical 
system of terminology which will go far to redeem the confusion 
that at present meets the student at the outset of his researches. 
For the unfertilised female protoplasmic mass, it is proposed to 
retain the term oosphere, and to establish from it a corresponding 
series of terms ending in sphere. The entire female organ before 
fertilisation, whether unicellular or multicellular, is designated by 

a set of terms ending in gonium. 

In the Zygomycetes and Zygophyceae, the conjugated two- 
spheres, or contents of the zygogonia, constitute a zygosperm ; in the 
Oomycetes and Oophyceaj the fertilised oosphere, or contents of the 
oogonium, is an oosperm; in the Carpophyceae the fertilised carpo- 

sphere, or contents of the carpoyonium, constitutes a earposperm. 

. In this last class the process is complicated being effected by 
means of a special female organ which may be called the trtchogotmm 
(in preference to " trichogyne"). The ultimate result of impreg- 
nation is the production of a mass of tissue known as the cystocurp 
(or "sporocarp",, within which are produced the germinating 
bodies which must be designated carpospores since they are ^not he 
direct results of fertilisation. Any one of these bodies which 
remains in a dormant condition for a time before ^minatmg is a 
hypnosperm. In the Cormophytes (Characeaa, Muscineae a id 
Vascular Cryptogams) the fertilised ™7 t ^m> or contents of the 
archeyonium, is an orchespenn. In the proposed ^ JJgojn* 
will replace Strasburger's "zygote,' and the "f*™^ ° ^ 
same writer will be zygospheres, his "zoogametes or plano- 

is proposed to substitute the term J rue ijica twn for ™&»»* for 
the entire non-sexual generation which bears the spores. 



348 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 



A list is appended of the terms in more frequent use which are 
disused in the proposed system. 



Modes of Reproduction in Thallophytes. 



I. Zygosperniej© 



II. Oospermete 



III. Carposperme^ 



IV. Cormophyta 



Zygogonia containing Zygospheres 

ii 

(fertilised) Zygosperm. 



or 



Male On/an. 

Antheridium 

containing 
Antherozoids ) 
Pollinoids 



f 



Female On/an. 
Oogonium 
containing 

Oosphere 



ii 



(fertilised! Oosperm. 



Antheridium 

containing 
Antherozoids 
or Pollinoids 



ii 



Carpogonium 
containing 

Carposphere 



(fertihsed) Carposperm. 



Antheridium 

containing 
Antherozoids 



Archegonium 
containing 

Arcliesphere 



(fertilised) Archesperm. 



Reproductive Organs of Thallophytes. 



Protophyta 



Myxomycetes 
Mucorini . 



Peronosporeas 



Saprolegniae 
Uredineae . 



Ustilagineae 
Bjisidiomycetes . 



Female* 



Zygogonium. 

Zygosphere. 

Zygosperm. 

Oogonium. 

Oosphere. 

Oosperm. 

Carpogonium 
Carposphere. 
Carposperm. 



Non-sexual. 

Chlamydospores. 

Sporangia. 

Zoospores. 
Sporangiospores. 

Chlamydospores. 

Sporangiospores. 

Coridiospores. 
Zoospores. 

Zoospores. 

Teleutospore. 

iEcidiospore. 

Uredospore. 

Sporidium. 

Teleutospore. 

Sporidium. 
Basidiospore. 
Basidium. 
Sterigma. 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIKS. 



349 



Ascomycetes 
(including Liclienes.) 



Female. 
Trichogonium. 



ZygopliyceaB 



Zygogonium. 

Zygosphere. 
Zygosperm. 



Non-sexual. 

Conidio spore. 

Stylospore. 

Ascospore. 

Polyspore. 

Merispore. 

Zoospore. 

Megazoospore. 

(Hydrodictyese.) 



Zoozygosphere. Auxospore. 



Hypno sperm. 



(Diatomacese.) 



(Hydrodictyeae Hypnospore. 
Zygneruaceas.) Hypnosporangium. 

(Botrydieas.) 



Partlienospore. 



Oophyceae . 



Oogonium. 
Oo sphere. 
Oosperm. 
Hypnosperm. 
Couceptacle. 



(Mesocarpeae.) 



Carpophyceaa . . Carpogonium. 

Carpo sphere. 
Carposperm. 
Trichogonium. 
Trichophore. 
Cystocarp. 



Zoospore. 
Partlienospore. 

(VolvocineaB.) 
Androspore. 

(Oodogoniaceas.) 

Hypnospore. 

(Siphoneae.) 

Zoosporangium. 
Tetraspore. 
Octo spore. 
Carpospore. 
Tetrasporangium . 



We have received the numbers ot the ■ Midland iNaturaiisi lor 
the current year. The most important botanical paper m them is 
the continuation of the • Cryptogamic Flora of Warwickshire 
(Mosses), by Mr. J. E. Bagnall ; there ar* also other shorter com- 
munications on local botany. 



■t of the Wellington College (Berks) 
Natural B^Tee Boc^St" a .very full record of the times of 
flowering of the plants of the district, winch is f^Jm « 
showing that a large number of observers are at work. The list 
is so arranged as to comprise all the plants known to occur in the 
neighbourhood, localities being given for the more interesting of 

these. . *.*.«, 

We have also to acknowledge the receipt of the • Transactions 
of the Yorkshire Union' for 1878-80 The part issued in 18,9 
contains the Report of the Botanical Section (with Supplement) 
for 1 878, in which is much of local interest ; and the commence- 
ment of a ' Moss Flora of the East Riding by Dr. H F Parsons 
We note with pleasure that these Transactmns are ent^ly devoted 
to the investigation of the Natural History of the county. 



350 -NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 



The last (sixth) decade of Baron F. von Mueller's ■ Eucalypto- 
graphia ' includes an exhaustive sketch of Eucalyptus Globulus, con- 
taining much new matter which we regret that the space at our 
disposal will not permit us to extract. The same author has just 
issued the 92nd part of his • Fragmenta,' a great part of which is 
occupied by notes on the Australian species of Hibbertia. 

We have received from Messrs. Cassell part i. of a new edition 
of ' Paxton's Flower- Garden,' edited by Mr. Thomas Baines. It 
is to contain many additional plates, and will be " revised and 
brought down to date both as regards the text and illustrations." 
We note that the initials of the specific names are uniformly 
capital letters, — a deviation from the recognised practice of which 
it is difficult to see the advantage. 



New Books. — K. Hartwig, ' Ueber der Bau der Ctenophoren. 1 
Jena : Fischer (7 mks.) — 0. Hoppe, ' Beobachtungen der Wurnie 
in der Bluthenschiede e. Colocasia odora.' Leipzig : Engelmann 
(5 mks.) — Fries, ' Icones Selects Hymenomycetum nondum de- 
lineatorum,' vol. ii. pt. 5 (Cortinarius). — F. von Mueller, ' Select 
Extra-tropical Plants for industrial culture ' (Indian edition). 
Calcutta : Government Press. — ' Keport of the Eoyal Gardens, 
Kew, for 1879.' Clowes (Is.) — J. G. Agardh, ' Species, Genera, 
et Ordines Algarum,' vol. iii., part 2 — ' Morphologia Floridearum.' 
Lipsise : Weigel. — P. Mares & G. Vigineix, ' Plantes Vasculaires 
des lies Baleares.' Paris : Masson. — N. J. C. Muller, ■ Hand- 
buch der Botanik.' Heidelberg : Winter. — A. Grisebach, * Ges- 
ammelte Abhandlungen zur Pflanzengeographie.' Leipzig : Engel- 
mann. — F. Schneider, ' Taschenbuch der Flora von Basel.' Basel : 
Georg. — ■ Zur iEtiologie der Infectionskrankheiten mit besonderer 
Beriicksichtigimg der Pilztheorie ' (Parti). Munich : Finsterlin, 1881. 
— W. 0. Focke, ■ Die Pflanzen-Mischlinge.' Berlin : Eggers, 1881. 
— H. Berge, ' Pflanzenphysiognoinie.' Berlin: Wiegandt. — W. 
Lanche, ■ Deutsche Dendrologie.' Berlin : Wiegandt. 



Articles in Journals. — September. 

Linnaa (vol. ix.,n. s.,pt. 1). — C. 0. Harz, ' On the Systematic Ar- 
rangement of Grasses.' — J. Muller, * Lichenes Africse oecidentalis a 
Dr. Pechuel-Loesche et Soyaux e regione fluminis Quillu et ex Angola 
missi ' (many new species). — A. Garcke, ■ Schimper's Abyssinian Mai- 
vacea (1869).' — Von Winkler, ' On the Seedlings of Sisymbrium (1 tab.) 

Botaniska Xotiser. — * Descriptions of new species in Wittrock 
and Nordstedt's ' Algae aquae dulcis exsiccate.' ' — T. 0. B. N. Krok, 
1 Swedish Botanical Literature for 1879.' 

Magyar Novenytani Lapok. — A. Sziehlo, ■ Additions to the Flora 
of Glozsan.' — C. Mika, * Peronoepora viticola in Transylvania. 1 

Hedu-iyia. — E. ihue, 'Experiments on Infection with Puc cm ia 
malracearina. 1 — G. Winter, 4 Mycological Notes.' 

Revue Bryologique, — Philibert, 'A new species of Neckera ' (N- 
mediterranea). — Boulay, i (Jrthodontium yracite. ' — Duby de Steiger, 
' Notes on Kriopus and Mitropoma.' 

(Esterr. Bot. Z titschrift .— W ". Vatke, c 0n Hildebrandt's African 



BOTANICAL NOTES. 851 

Plants ' (Legiminosa — many new species). — F. Krasan, ' On Plant- 
distribution in the districts of Gorz and Gradisca ' (continued). — 
S. Schulzer von Miiggenburg, ' Mycological Notes ' {Boletus acris, 
n. sp.) — V. v. Borbas, ; Notes on Ferulago silvatica and Roripa 
hispanica.' — V. v. Aichinger, ' On the Flora of Vorarlberg.' — D. Hire, 

' On the Flora of Eisujak.' 

Flora. — F. Arnold, ' Lichenological Fragments/ — W. Nylander, 
'Addenda nova ad Lichenographiam europaeam ' (14 new spp.) — 
P. G. Strobl, ' Flora of the Nebrodes.'— W. Behrens, ■ Fertilisation 

in Cobaa.' 

American Naturalist. — A. N. Prentiss, 'Destruction of noxious 
insects by fungoid growths' (concluded). — J. E. Udd, 'Cross- 
fertilisation in fianunculacea,' 

Bulletin of Torrey Botanical Club.— J. Williamson, ' Ferns on 

the Cumberland. ■ 

[Coulter's] Botanical Gazette.— A. Gray, < Notulae exiguaB.'— F. 
Moray, < Potamogeton Vasei/C—C. E. Barnes, ' The Anthers of Clethra. 9 

Naturalist (Huddersfield).— J. E. Griffith, ■ Flora of Carnarvon- 
shire and Anglesea ' (continued). 

Midland Naturalist.— A. W. Wills, ■ Volvox globator' (1 tab.) 

Botanische Zdt\mg.— H. Vochting, 'On the Apex and Base of 
Plant-organs.— M. Woronin, < Chromophyton Bosanoffii 1 (1 tab.) 



Botanical Nttos- 



Librarian to the Linnean Society. Dr. Murie lias filled the post of 
Assistant- Secretary to the Society for some years past with great 
energy and devotion, and is thus fully acquainted with the duties 
of the post which he has obtained. 

Charles Johnson, who died at Camberwell on 21st September 
last, was born in London 5th October 1791, and was intended for 
an assayer; but he early showed much love for .Natural History. 
He was a fellow- student of Michael Faraday under Tatum began 
to give public lectures on Botany in 1819, and thenceforward 
devoted himself entirely to that study In 188£ he was anointed 
first occupant of the chair of Botany at Guy **^L^J*« 
founding of the medical school ; here he delivered forty-foiu courses 
of lectures relinquishing his post in 1873. He introduced the 
oi lectures, "nnquiw rl „ nllon livin" specimens, lecturers having 

system of demonstrating upon iivui =i » P 

previously confined themselves to verbal statements these speci- 
pieviousiy uuumeu crnrden which he sedulously kept 

STJrSSrt. - ^eTntated more than four tliisaZd 
sp P ecies d ;He ^^^^ ^SS&?S\ 

nJr^ nmea V^ ffis 0X1 producttons were 'Ferns of 
(1832-40) in 12 ^f ; .^ ^^ius Plants' (1856); < Grasses 
Great Britain |«5o) , Bui^ ° ^.^ ^ ^ ^ 

of Great Britain l 186 *}', *° * withiu two years of his death, 
and delivered a course oi lectures wumu j 



852 BOTANICAL NEWS. 

Pritzel has confounded him with his son, Charles Pierpoint John- 
son* who wrote ' Useful Plants of Great Britain ' (1862). 

Josef Sartori was born in Munich 30th June, 1809, and died 
there 15th September last. He was court physician to King Atho 
of Greece, and resided in that country from 1833 to 1862. During 
those thirty years he was indefatigable in collecting plants, and 
largely aided Boissier in supplying material for his ' Diagnoses ' 
and ■ Flora Orientalis,' which he got together for a Flora Hellenica, 
projected in combination with Heldreich. After his return to his 
native city he busied himself with the vernacular names of American 
plants in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and native Indian terms. 
At the time of his death he had prepared more than 20,000 slips, 
and it is greatly to be hoped that these are in a sufficiently forward 
state to permit of publication. His name is commemorated in 

Sartoria hedysaroidrs, Boiss. & Heldr. 

The Annual Fungus Meeting of the Woolhope Club was held 
during the week ending October 9th. Never, in the annals of the 
Club, have so few fungi been found, or has such continuous rainy 
weather been experienced. Agarics and Boleti were remarkably 
scarce, some of the common species, such as A. melleus, being 
altogether absent. On the other hand, a larger number than usual 
of Polypori and other fungi growing on trees and stumps were 
noticed. The following mycologists took part in the excursions : 
Dr. Bull, Dr. Griffiths Morris, Messrs. Broome, Bucknall, Cooke, 
Howse, Phillips, Plowright, Sir William Guise, and M. Cornu. 
Dr. Carrington and Mr. G. C. Churchill were amongst the visitors. 
The first excursion was fixed for Dindor Camp, but heavy rain 
allowed but short time for work. On the way back to Hereford, 
Pleurotus lignatilis and Platens leoninus were gathered. An excursion 
was made on Wednesday to the Downton Woods, but unfortunately 
most of the species for which this locality is celebrated were 
conspicuous by their absence. The only rare species found were 

Agaricas Rmsula, rubromarginatus, atrides, Rusmla aiirata, and 
Namatelia eiicephala. On Friday an excursion was made to Moccas 
Park. ^ Few fungi were seen, except on trees and stumps. The 
following may be recorded : — A. tessulatus (allied to A. ulmarim, and 

new to this country), A. gnmmosns, euchrous, echinatus; Hyyrophoriis 
f arnica tus; Lactarius mammosas ; Polyporus xdmarius, frondosiis, 
varius, fomentarius, fraxineus (the latter had undermined a fine 
large ash-tree and caused its fall) ; Trametes mollis; and Geoglossum 
viride. On Saturday the party started for North Wales, Mrs. 
Lloyd Wynne, of Coed Coch, and Mr. Walker, of Colwyn, having 
invited them to a foray in their woods. The following are the 
most interesting species gathered during the meeting, some of 
which are new to this country : — Agaricus lenticidaris, seminndus, 
meleagris, undatus, senilis, chvipes, decastes, jubatiis, Bloxanii, vudipes, 
cunipes, centunculm, durus, Leveilliarius, inopus, pennatus; Cortmarius 

mucosus, laniger; Enssula Qaeletii, lepida; Hygrophorus Wynnei; 

Lactarius fuh'yinosus ; Polyporw picipes. 

We regret to record the death of Mr. F. M. Webb, which took 
place last month at Edinburgh. 



353 



#rigiual <Mxticlt$. 



t 



MUSCI PBiETERITI; 

SIVE DE MUSCI NONNULLIS ADHUC NEGLECTIS, PRJETERVISIS VEL CONFUSIS 

NUNC RECOGNITIS. 

AUCTORE ElCARDO SPRUCE. 

(Continued from p. 295.) 

3. Plagiothecium denticulatum (L.), Schunp. 

Hypnum denticui 'utum , L. 

Although mosses under this name abound in our herbaria— so 
that, in the aggregate, it cannot be said to have been "passed 
over" — some confusion has been caused by one form of it having 
been taken as the type of the species by certain authors, and a very 
different form by other authors. To introduce what I have to say 
of these two leading forms, or subspecies, it is needful to speak first 
of the closely-allied PL sykaticum. . 

It was the late Mr. Wilson (in litt. circ. 1843) who first insisted 
on the dioicous inflorescence of H. sykaticum, taken m conjunction 
with the usually lurid and opaque foliage in the dry state— as con- 
trasted with the shining leaves of H. denticidatum, both tresh and 
dried,— the wider leaf-cells, and the rostrate lid as sufficing to 
separate the two species ; which had heretofore been either con- 
founded, as in ' Muscologia Britannica,' or kept apart by very 
insufficient characters. I at once became a convert to his views, 
and in 1843 (or 1844) sent specimens of both species to the ate 
M. Bruch, of Zweibriicken. In reply he sent me two jell-filled 
packets, the one (a) labelled - Hypnum sykaticum &cliwgi., flo e sc. 
monoica (nee dioica). In sylvis ad terram ; the .other ( ) 
« HypmJ dentiadatum, L. : est Hypni sykaW, forma minoi 
caps lis brevioribus. Ad arborum radices". ***£**•! 
found two varieties of H. denticidatum and ^^^Inside^a 
Uctcm ; in b, copious specimens of what was £«y5*™SS 
typical H. dcnLulatum in the « Bryologia Eim>p*a, wrfh a ^ * 
tfsykaticinn. I picked out of these P^fte»t^«f each pec es 



returned 



ana returned nw f^-- whether they h ad sufficed to con- 
no remark on them 1 nevei Anew >\u™ ^S . . nf ^Viovflv after 
Vines him of the distinctness of the two ^P^£^J^ 
his decease a narcel of mosses received from M. Schimpu contained 
ms decease, a paicei u observation " Ab H. daitmdato 

specimens of H.sylraticum, wiin m "" BC1 

Horesc. dioica re vera distinctum. 




distinguishable from 

n. s. vol. 9. [Decembek, 1880.] 



354 MUSCI PE.ETERITI. 

monoici, foliorum rete angustius, capsula sicca lavis, operculum 
haud rostratum, annulus e triplici serie cellularum compositus." 
• Now, on none of my specimens of PL sylvaticum, including those 
from Schimper himself, is there any capsule answering to the 
above description, especially as to its being furrowed when dry ; all 
the capsules I have seen being perfectly smooth at every stage, even 
when old and empty. But there is a form of PL denticulatum, often 
seen growing along with PL sylvaticum — as in Bruch's specimens 
(a) above referred to — which has striated capsules ; and I cannot 
avoid the conclusion that Schimper has combined in his description 
the characters of the two. 

Good specimens of PL sylvaticum, gathered in the Pyrenees 
(Bois de Jurancon) I find thus described in my notes : — 

Dioicum, olivaceo- vel fulvo-viride, siccando fuscidulum 
flaccidum, basi parum ramosum et stoloniferum ; ramis elongatis, 
suberectis inferne grandi-densifoliis apice sparsifoliis. Folia lon- 
giora(quam PL denticulati) ovata et ovato-lanceolata plus minus 
acuminulata, margine piano vel toto fere leviter reflexo, costis 
binis ad folii \— raro ad £ usque— attingentibus, cellulis mediis 
(H X s's-f mm.) dimidio latioribus quam PL denticulati. Invo- 
lucrum 9 fertile breve, capsula brevius, sterile saepe auctum; 
bracteaa semper breviter binerves. Capsula cylindrica vel anguste 
pynformi-cylindrica lonyicolla, inclinata, siccando immutata vel 
subarcuata ('striata. Operculum rostratum capsulam adasquans vel 
paulo brevius. Flores $ saspe fasciculati, turgidi polyandri. 

None of my European specimens diverge essentially from this 
character, which suffices for my present purpose, although it leaves 
several features unnoticed. 

If we turn now to the published descriptions of PL denticulatum 
we find Schimper calling the capsule " incurvo-cernua arcuato- 

oblonga et arcuato-cylindracea sicca Icevis." But Wilson 

says of PL denticulatum, " Capsule oblong inclined less ccmuous 

than m H. sylvaticum. Lid acutely conical, not beaked." He does 
not mention the striated capsule under H. denticu latum, but under 
H. sylvaticum one of the characters he adduces to distinguish it 
from H. denticulatum is " capsule when dry quite smooth, not 
/wrw#*." From all which it appears that Wilson's typical 

H. denticulatum had a furrowed, but H. sylvaticum a smooth, 
capsule ; while for Schimper it was 11. denticulatum that had the 
smooth, and H. sylvaticum the furrowed, capsule. 

Referring to my herbarium for further evidence I found that 
nearly all my British specimens of PL deuticuhitum were of Wilson's 
type, with the leaves subplane, or only slightly declined, even or 
somewhat crispate ; the capsule elongate, rather long-necked, pale, 
often whitish, inclined, straight or slightly arcuate, usually very 
distinctly striated when dry, and especially when emptied of the 
spores, rarely smooth or nearly so ; lid conico-acuminate or sub- 
rostellate. But in July l as t my friends Messrs Slater and Stabler 
brought me from an adjacent wood (Coneysthorpe Banks) magnifi- 
cently-fruited patches of Schimper's type of PL denticulatum, having 
deep-green secund and hooked fnliswrp. vptv \\ht> fW, nf «nmp fm-ms 



MUSCI PRiETERITI. 355 

of Stereodon cupressiformis ; deep red pedicels ; shortish capsules, 
very much arched and cernuous, short-necked, of a fine orange- 
brown on the upper, yellow or green on the under, side, and quite 
smooth in every stage; lid conical, subobtuse, never rostellate. 
They agree exactly, except in colour, with specimens in Schimper's 
' Stirpes Normales,' with others from Bruch, and with specimens 
gathered by myself in Teesdale in 1843. As this, considered the 
typical form of PL denticulatum on the Continent, differs consider- 
ably from the ordinary English form, I add a description of it. 

Plagiothecium denticulatum, L., subsp. aptychus, Spruce. — 
Monoicum humile depresso-caespitosum viridissinium vel argenteo- 
viride, recens et siccum nitidum, vage ramosum. Folia ple- 
rumque decurvo-subsecunda, ovato-lanceolata breviter apiculata 
acuminulatave, costis breviusculis, margine infero vix reflexo; 
cellulae perangustae (f^x^min.), basales paucse laxiores, alares 
rectangulares utrinque 2 vel 4. Bractero ? foliis longiores et 
angustiores, magis acuminata;, ssepe enerves. Pedicellus ruber, 
inferne dextrorsum, supra medium sinistrorsum tortus. Capsula 
breviuscula, oblongo-cylindrica, collo vix ullo, iuclinata vel 
horizontalis subcernua, sicca arcuato-cernua saqieque subpendula 
sub ore constricta, bicolor, facie superiore aurantiaco-badia, mfenore 
flava vel virescens. Operculum breve, conicum, raro subapiculatum, 
obtusiusculum. Annulus variabilis, duplex triplexve. Penstommm 
pallidum sublaave ; dentes ext. subulati acummati arete trabecular ; 
internum ad i fissum, processus integri vel pertusi, ciliola bina 

capillaeea. . •• '"'. 

The second, or Wilsonian form, differs from the foregoing 

mainly in the fruit, and may be thus briefly defined : 

Plagiothecium denticulatum, L., subsp. sulcatum, Spruce. 
Folia planiora saspeque laxiora, rarius subsecunda, sicca interdum 
crispula. Bracteae persaqie longe unmerves. Capsula long- 
pedicellata plerumque palhda-albido-vmdis, sup™matura fla - 
vescens vel palhde badia, raro rubescens-cylmdi'ica aequahs 
vel parum cernua, raro distincte cernua, sicca suberecta vel 
inclinata interdum subincurva, vacua semper fere dis metes tmto, 
collo longiusculo. Operculum conico-acummatum vel ;™^un- 
Peristomium PI a^chi. Floreseentia, f^J^^eSes 
dente subspecie, normaliter antoica ; plant* tamen unisexuales, 
cum aliis bisexualibus mixtae, interdum adyeniunt 

This is bv far the commoner form with us, but the two forms 
are ometimls found intermixed, each ^y^^hES^ 
characters-no proof either for or ^^^J^ c ^ ^ 
for two varieties of a species (of various orde r of . p ants) aie often 
seen to grow side by side for years, without an> ^™J^™ 
n king its appearance; such connecting *™^3^5?% 
on other sites" as in the present instance I 1 ve gatbeied m the 
Pvrences (at Gc'los, n. r Pan ; also near Luz, and in tne Vailee cm 
Lvs mettv 1 rf form of PL dentiruhdun,, having most of the 
ch^actS £ Pl^amn, but with the nearly erect capsule 
perf^tlv sniooth on which I have the following note r-Tenollum, 
^SrSrwSa P^vis, erectioribus vel subhamatis, longius 



356 MUSCI PEiETERITI. 

apiculatis; capsula brevi-cylindrica, collo mediocri, sicca vacua 
suberecta omnino estriata. — This plainly belongs to neither of our 
subspecies, and is perhaps worthy to form the type of a third, in 
which would be included the varieties (1. tenellum and e. myurum of 
Schimper. The same author's vars. y. laxum and S. densum may 
possibly belong to the subspecies sulcatum, but as no hint is given 
of the capsule ever being striated, although such capsules exist 
among Bruch's specimens, I fear lest Schimper may have (wrongly) 
placed all such striated capsules to the credit of PL sylvaticum. 

I have fine specimens from the sides of streams in the Mourne 
Mountains (Ireland) of "the tall mountain form, 'Eng Bot.,' 
t. 1260, growing in dense patches, with tall erect stems" (Wils. l.c.) f 
and they accord in all particulars with the subspecies sulcatum. 

I have said little thus far of the form of the leaves, for in both 
subspecies they are normally ovate-lanceolate, rather abruptly 
apiculate or acuminulate, and always acute at the very point ; and, 
in both, the same variations occur in the degree of reflexion of the " 
margin, the length of the nerves, and the rare presence of subapical 

teeth. But I have navar RPP.n n/nv fnrrn nf PI /7/w fiVi/ 7/7 f ?/ m 



with 



8. obtusifi 



more or less obtuse, slightly concave," which he considers the same 
as Turner's var. y. obtimfolium and the Hyp. Donianum of 'E. Bot./ 
t. 1446. I have not the 'E. Bot.' figure at hand, but Turner's 
figure is far more like H. palustre than H. denticul atum , and so is his 
description: — "Foliis arete imbricatis obtusis mediotenus obsolete 
xminervibus" ('Muse. Hibern.,' 146, t. 12, f. 2). Yet Wilson had 
Turner's herbarium to aid him, and must have seen the original 
specimens of this moss. The "Plagiotheciwn Donianum" of Mitten's 
1 Musci Austro-Americani ' is surely something very different, for it 
has "folia subacuminata " and "operculum acuminatum" ; such as 
the author attributes also to H. denticulatum, of which it can 
scarcely be more than a variety. 

In general, hooked leaves and hooked capsules go together in 
those forms of PL den ticula turn where either feature exists, and 
the subspecific aptychus may correspond to Lindberg's PL denticu- 
latum, var, secundum, "foliis suis plus minus secundis vel sub- 
hamatis, haud minus in memoriam formus tenuiores Stereodontis 
viridis referens." (Contrib. ad fl. crypt. Asia* boreali-orien talis, 
p. 278-9); but his var. crispatidum, " robusta et foliis leviter 
undulatis vel crispatulis " (7. c.) cannot well be our sidcatum, or he 
would not have failed to notice so marked a feature as the furrowed 
capsule. And if there should exist in any herbarium a Plagio- 
thecium with dioicous inflorescence, and with the other characters 
assigned to PL syhaticum by Wilson and myself, except that the 
capsule is furrowed, and not smooth, I have no doubt the bene- 
volent possessor will produce it, and thus enable us to decide 



distinct species. 



form 



I add an account of two remarkable varieties of PL sylvaticum. 
Plagiothecium sylvaticum (Dill. L.), var. succulentu 



Wilson 



jm (Wils.) 
larry, and 



MUSCI PRjETERITI. 



357 



referred by hirn to Hypnum denticulatum as var. y of that species, 
of which he says: — "The variety y is remarkable for its great 
similarity in habit and foliage to H. sijlvaticum, and for its large 
tumid synoicous flowers ; it may eventually prove to be a distinct 
species." (Bryol. Brit., 407-8). He had sent to me fresh plants 
of it when he first gathered it, with the remark, " H. dentkuhdum, 
var. with synoicous flowers. If a distinct species call it H. 
sucodmtum, MSS." I, however, could only see in it young male 
plants of H. sylvatkum. My note on it is :— " Mores prope caulis 
basin crebri, interdum fasciculati 2-3 ni, globosi turgidi polyphylh, 
plerique masculi, paucissimi synoici. Bractese pradatae, sub- 
orbiculatffi, abrupte breviuscule tenui- acuminata?, concavas laxe 
areolataB." I have now made a renewed examination, which has 
confirmed my previous conclusion. 

In one flower I found six large stipitate well formed antheridia 
(yellow); four perfect pistillidia (red-purple); and two indefinite 
bodies, like very slender antheridia, or widish pistillidia, but pale, 
andremaining closed at the rounded apex: evidently neither 3 nor 
? organs, but intermediate between the two.- In other flowers I 
found only these neuter organs, along with a few antheridia, but no 
pistillidia ; while the great majority of the flowers contained 
antheridia alone. Now, in every respect, except the occasional 
synoicous inflorescence, these plants accord exactly wi h male 
plants of true H. sylvatkum gathered m our woods (Gilla Leys, 
&c.) The leaves of the latter are the same m size, form colour, 
and texture ; the flowers are equally turgid (only, as far as I have 
seen, purely male), and the bracts m all respects the same 
[Frit of H. succuLtum I have not seen, for ee^abferoua jfafc 
in Wilson's packets were merely the ordinary form of H. denttcu- 
latum, growing intermixed, as he himself acknow edged ] 

It mav not be generally known that the earliest floweis ol many 
mosses are occasionally synoicous, although those of the adult 
S in^be dTstinctlyVlmous The ^^S^SSmZ 
prlluada is described in books as terminating J^ 4 ***^* 

5- fiom i a f ss ^ ;s;x--;^ 

2THS tlaSESSSS spring young male-or 
sometimes gemmiparous— ramuli. 

, .vTVATiniM var. phyllorhizans (=Hypnum 
Plagiothecium sYLVATicm var. E1 tum flaccidum 

#f W ' »f Tola ' ^sSn^icato- Wosum ; caides 
pallidum, apice solo Miesc ens, 4 fastigiatos edentes, 

3-pollicares erecfci sim p bee * el ramos \ cujusq \ ie rami basi 

arhizi, nisi pro S^S^STSSffll laxa, Uquadrifaria, 
exeunte. Folia patentia, siccanao w> denticulata, 
ovata subacuminata concaya ape itenui n n 
basi longissime "ecmrent^ m. u me a ^ ^^ J^ 



recurvo 



foliorum inferiorum tota longi 



They are 




in Hypnum (Brachythedum) erytiu 
his paper on the " Change of to 
Stockholm Acad. Sc. 1879, p. 75, 1 11.) 



858 MTJSCI PR^TERITI. 

valicTa ad vel ultra f procurrente, medio (raro basi) furcata ; cellulis 
latiusculis PL sylvatici. Ex utraque facie foliorum inferiorum costae, 
necnon e margine, proferuntur radicella3 valid® purpureas, caulibus 
foliisque adjacentibus arete adhasrentes. Hab. in rivulis saxosis 
juxta Bagneres-de-Bizorre Pyrenaeorum centralium, ubi anno 1846 
amicus Philippe legit. 

Although these two plants can only, I think, be considered 
varieties of PL sykaticum, the one I am about to describe, which is 
certainly the PL SuUivantia figured in Sullivant's beautiful ' Icones,' 
seems distinct ; at least I have seen nothing intermediate. Whether, 
along with PL Boseanum, Hpe., andP/. orthocladum, Sch., it should 
constitute a subspecies of PL sykaticum, I cannot undertake to say, 
my materials being insufficient. 

4. Plagiothecium Sullivanttje, 8chimp. 

Hypnum SuUirmtia;, Sch., Sulliv. Mosses of the U. States, 
p. 80, 1856), etiam • Icones Muscorum,' p. 207, t. 126 (a. 1864). 

Dioicum caespitosum pallide viride, basi rufescens, in sicco 
nitens, Caules pollicares erecti fastigiatim ramosi, basi aphylla 
uagella radicantia demittentes. Folia undique imbricata, vix 
subcomplanata, ramorum apices versus confertiora, basi angusta 
subtransversa inserta, omnia fere symmetrica, ovata et ovato- 
lanceolata, concava, inferiora persaepe striata, sensim acuminata et 
longiuscule apiculata cuspidatave ; margine a basi ultra medium 
reflexulo; costis binis ad folii i productis ; cellulis angustis 
( T V X T ' 5 mm.) ; alaribus paucis subquadratis. Bractese erecto- 
appressaa interiores foliis longiores oblongae cuspidato-acuminataa, 
costa nulla vel simplice latiuscula obscura ad \ usque percursae. 
Bedicellus polhcans rufus. Capsula rufula longicolla suberecta vel 
leniter inchnata, Operculum (ex ic. Sullivantii) a basi alte conica 
obtuse brevirostre, dimidiam capsulam baud excedens. Annulus 
simplex duplexve. Peristomium pallidum scaberulum ; processus 
in term carina mtegri vel in aatate hiantes, ciliola l-2na. 

Hab. ad saxa in sylvis densis fl. Ohio (SuUivant). In regione 
Pyrenaeorum sylvatica superiore ad saxa juxta lacum Seculego, 
mense Sept., 1845, ipse legi, fructu jam supramaturo. Ad Kirk- 
stone Pass, Westmorlandi© plantam $ sterilem, m. Juni, 1876, 
invenit am. G. Stabler. 

Forsan a PL Romano (Hpe.), Br. Eur., t. 504, haud distincta 
species, nil tamen tributa sunt folia « costa maxime obsoleta," 
quum m nostra foha costis optime distinctis gaudent. A PL sylvatico 
loins vix complanatis, omnibus fere symmetries, nitidis (nee opacis 
et lusciduhs), cellulis dimidio augustioribus ; operculo breviore, 
etc. facile distmctum mihi videtur ; et a PL dentkulato florescentia 

rf"^ yx "*_^t ^** ^Lt >-* A. . 



constmter dioica. 



5. Fisside.vs HoiiOMiTiurs, n. sp. 



Monoica pusilla pallida, gregaria vel laxc crespitosa. Caules 
brevissimi declmati, nisi pro ramulo masculo basah gemmiformi 
simphces. Foha 5-juga, infima minuta, superiora valdeincrescentia, 
lineari sublalcata acuminulata cuspidatave, costa pellucida et Umbo 



MUSCI PRiETERITl. 359 

tenuiusculo pellucido cum folii apice desinentibus, lamina apicali 
auriculae laminis subaequilonga, dorsali inferne peraugusta folii 
basin tamen attingente, reti minuto hexagono sat opaco. Flos S 
e radicellis rubris ad surculi fertilis basin ortus, tetraphyllus, foliis 
internis praslatis concavis, apice brevi-laminatis ; antheridia sub 4, 
paraphysibus nullis vel obsoletis. Flos ? terrainalis 3-4-gynus ; 
bracteae foliis supremis conformes. Capsula in pedicello longiusculo 
stramineo, supra basin saepe geniculata, erecta vel subinclinata, 
tenuis ovali-cylindrica, e viridi olivacea, tenuissime annnlata. 
Operculum dimidiam capsulam parum excedens, e b n conyexa 
recte rostellatum obtusum. Calyptra capsular aequilonga strammea 
anguste conica, pistillklio purpureo cuspidata, basi perfecte Integra, 
demum operculum vix velans et supra eum diu persistens. Pen- 
stomium ruberrimum papillosum; dentcs profunde (ad J) fissi, 
crnribus filiformibus. Sporae minutre. Ped. 12-15 ; capsula -8 ; 
operculum -5 ; calyptra 8 mm. longa. 

Hab. in terra arenosa prope pagmn Gelos Pyrenseorum occi- 

dcntalium. (R. S. a. 1845). . 

Obs.—Omnes calyptra? mibi visas integral erant, smeulla nssura 
basali ; quo caractere a cseteris Fissidentibus europaeis omnibus 
discrepat. F. dsmundwides, Sw., revera calyptra mitriformigaudet 
basi autem plus minus lacera. Calyptra F. hjalnm, Hook, et 
Wils. (Sullivant, Ic. t. 21), ex America boreali. cornea mtegra, 
exacte ac in nostra, nisi multo brevior et latior est ; specie tamen 
diversissima, foliis solum 3-jugis pradatis laxissime areolars supra 
auriculam ecostatis. F. la.rifoli«s, Hscb. (e Cap. Bonae Spei) quoad 
calyptram conico subulatam nostras simUis, ceteris caraeteribus 
bene distinctus. F. prionodes, Mont., a meipso in Perima ad n. 
Hu«lla„a, ripas lectus, calyptram longe conicam basi mtegram vel 
bic illic fissam habet, foliis autem papdlosis serrulatis immargmatis 

a nostro longius distat. . nr««uM on<l 

Tins is the moss mentioned in my memoir on the Muse and 

Hepatic* of the Pyrenees under fugm* ""^J" ^21 
terms • -" Ylon" with the usual state of tbe species at Gelos grows 
a Scate form wbicb I am undecided whether or n« to regard as 
a distinct species It has the calyptra *«fi*g^*£TZ 

barehi sheath hw the operculum. Hie anuieiiuid, aic 

.bud 2S2& from the base of the stem, P™=?*« * 'jf* 
Him. I have not seen one terminating a branch, as in *. 



incurviis" 



Ewed examination has convinced -e /hat it^sperfe y 
distinct from every ether ^^^^^LTSe^ 

related to several mrnut ^^ Safest, "eUher in habit or 
Other Pyrenean Fis^nt worthy of notice are the follow- 



ing ; 



KIVU 



360 MUSCI PR2ETERITI. 

exsicc. no, 318 (a. 1847), foliis 12-20-jugis, elongatis, limbo valde 
incrassato circumductis, capsula plerumque horizontali. Hab. 
Bagneres-de-Bigorre in lapidibus rivnli supra fontem La fontaine 
ferrwjineuse dictum. An species propria? (F. Pyrenaicus, Mst.j" 
This very distinct species has been taken up by Schimper in 
his 2nd edition as new, under the name U F. rividaris, Schimp."; 
but, whichever name be adopted, both names are mine, and not 
Schimper' s. 

" Fissidens fontanus, Schimp. ; Spruce, Musci Pyren., no. 316. 
Hab. ad saxa emersa rivnli Adour de Lespo?ine.' } 

Syn. F. incurvus (3 fontanus, Bryol. Eur., fasc. 17 (a. 1843), pro 
parte. F. crassipes, Wils., var. rufipes, Sch., Syn. ed. 2.=F. 
Mildeanus, Schimp., in Bab. Bryoth. Eur. Cum descriptione 
Synopseos accurate convenit quoad caulem elatum valde ramosum, 
folia lurido-viridia toto ambitu crasse flavido-limbata ; differ t 
solum pedicello pallido vix rufescente et capsula pallida tenera. 
Lamina dorsalis folii basin attingens et in caule breviter decurrens. 

My Pyrenean specimens were named by Schimper himself ; but 
when he afterwards published the moss as a species, distinct from 
F. incurvus, it was under Wilson's MSS. name F. crassipes : although 
the name "fontanus " can claim priority of publication. Such high 
authorities as C. Miiller andLindberg consider F. crassipes at most 
a subspecies of F. incurvus, Schwgr. As regards F. fontanus (or 
Mildeanus), I would suggest a suspension of judgment until the 
inflorescence can be accurately revised, for it seems to me dioicous, 
as I can find no male flowers whatever on my specimens. 

I add a few remarks on the Fissidentes growing in this neighbour- 
hood (Castle-Howard) as represented in my herbarium, gathered in 
1839-49. 

Fissidens pusillus, Wils. ! This is perhaps our commonest 
species, growing on sandstone in the Park Quarry (now a rocky, 
wooded dell), and in many similar sites where the same rock is 
found ; also on arenaceo-calcareous rock in Mowthorpe Dale, &c. 
My specimens agree perfectly with typical ones from Wilson, but 
differ so much from Schimper's description (Synopsis, ed. 2, p. 113), 
especially in the inflorescence, that I copy here my notes on them 
for comparison. 

Heteroicus (dioicus — raro autoicus), simplex vel ipsa basi 
ramosus. Folia pallida 3- (rarissime 4-5-) juga, superiora lineari- 
ensiformia, apice lanceolate acuminate integerrimo vel repandulo ; 
limbo perangusto cum costa in folii apice desinente vel subbreviore 
ad auriculam paulo latiore; lamina dorsali basi valde angustata 
cum folio vix contermina. Capsula brevi-cylindrica vel ovali- 
cylindrica, erecta vel inclinata, tenera, sicca sub ore valde coarctata. 
Operculum e basi conica in rostellum subobliquum acuminatum 
subobtusum abiens. Peristomium infra capsulse orificium ortum ; 
dentes ad J fissi, crura subulato-filiformia exasperata. Plantse $ 
humillimse, simplices vel hi trifidse, quoque ramo apice florifero ; 
bracteae apice lamina brcvi auctae. Rarissime oritur ramulus $ e 
caulis fertilis ipsa basi. Hab. Castle-Howard woods, frequent 



MUSCI PK-ETERITI. 



3G1 



(R. S.). Hill Cliff Dingle and Winwick btone quarry, near War- 
rington (Wilson !) Begins to fruit in July, is in best state in 
September and October, and by November most of tbe lids have 
fallen ; but in sites where there is perennial shade, and a slight but 
unfailing supply of moisture, it may be found in good state almost 

all through the year. , . 

Var. madidus, Spruce. Folia vindia 5-juga, longiora et 
angustiora. Operculum rostratum capsulam interdum aequans. 
Flores perssepe autoici, masculi in ramo basah, caule fertili vix 
breviore, terminales, bracteis foliis subconformibus nisi pro auriculae 
laminis rotundioribus. Adveniunt etiam plantae mere mascul£e, 
rarius tamen quam in prsecedente. Hab. On dripping stones near 
the Obelisk bridge, Castle -Howard Park. 

Schimper's description of F. pxmllus seems founded mainly on 
specimens gathered on railway-banks near Pontefract, " pulcher- 
rime et copiose," by Dr. J. B. Wood. The inflorescence is tl u 

described •— " Flores bise.nudes, vel masculi monuphylli hypo<jy>u\ei. 
plantulam propriam minimam e radice enatam formantes.' (byn. 
Muse Eur., Lc) On none of my specimens of F._ ptmUus, 
whether gathered by myself, or by Wilson or other, , can I tadany 
bisexual flowers, or any hypogynous antheridia I h venoto 
Dr Wood could clear up the uncertainty that hangs about tins 
moss and I hope he may see fit to do so, and to tell us whether we 
have under the name « Fissidens pusillus" one or more species. 

*SS. hryoides, Hedw., fruits from October to January ; 
in the latter month the capsules are mostly oyer-npe It is fond 
of shady banks, in rich or sandy soil and ^^ * '££ 

F imurvus, Schwgr., fruits m early spring, and is easily iecog 
nised'bvlts pa e syphon4ike capsule, almost a reduced copy of that 
71^ ^"although proportionately shorter. It is much 
less common here than around York. 

F^Sw, Wils., Bryol. Brit. ( tyjm ™*fi** % ££ 

• • L i Llv Qnrin^ • I have found it in good state up to tne 

in winter and eu j F in ^ 1 Xiter pedicel than the preceding, 

Crambeck Z fruits in Sep ember -*£*-^ ^ ^ 

i&ffig, * Ssffi s saws 

Slf^W^ffi ZSt^A b,U, „d in a ravine 

below t l,uffit V, tonbou » saiere ; littl to remark, 



111 



Of F. ta.ritonux ami ««u« « . . p latter Kll . c ,l v fertile. A tall 

except that both are common ^" ™ ^ under bushes of Row 
JW.-H* grows in dense ^J»Jg g Coney stliorpe. The plants 

yinosistima on a dryish hi linden j ^ f 

are all purely female, with ax ilJary no^vt v i 

is exactly that of F. adxantoidcs. 

(To be continued.) 



362 



ENUMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM HERBARII 

WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS. 

Auctore S. Le M. Moore. 

(Concluded from p. 342.) 

Dicliptera, Juss. 
D. vertieillaris, Juss. 

Hab. Sparsim ad latera rupestria flum. Baro pr. Boca do Bio 
distr. Mossamedes, ad Quibolo, et in maxim e umbrosis lmmidis 
prope Sange, Bango, Caniilongo &c. distr. Golungo Alto. (Nos. 
5116, 5133, 4999.) 

D. Welwitschii (sp. nov.) — Bamis crassiusculis sexangularibus 
pubescentibus, foliis sparsis membranaceis breviter petiolatis 
(superioribus vix sessilibus) cordato-ovatis breviter acuminatis pilis 
albidis abbreviatis utrinque obtectis, cymis densifloris sessilibus vel 
pedunculitis, involucri bracteis bracteolisque pro genere magnis 
firinis lanceolatis vel lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis apice parum 
induratis piloso-pubescentibus, calycis lobis linearibus acuminatis 
pubescentibus hyalinis, corolla pubescentis tubo tenui labio postico 
ovato emarginato antico oblongo 3-fido lobo mediano quam laterales 
paullo majore, filamentis obscurissime pilosulis antherarum loculis 
superpositis, disco conspicuo sinuato-dentato, stylo apice subsequal- 
iter 2-dentato, capsula . 

Hab. In sylvis prope Ivantala distr. Huilla. (No. 5015.) 
Foliorum lamina vix ad 5-0 cm. long, et 3-5 cm. lat. ; petiolus 
nostro in specimine ad 0-6 cm. longitudine, pubescens. Bracteoe 
fere subsequales ad 1-8 cm. long., inferne ad marginem hyalinae ; 
bracteolae quam bractea major paullo breviores quam minor paullo 
longiores vel earn sequantes. Calycis lacinue vix 1-0 cm. long. 
Corolla 2-0 cm. long., violacea, tubus ejus inferne glaber. 

Ex affinitate D. Roxburgkuma, Nees, et fortasse D. hetero$tcgi<B % 
Nees, speciei revera a me non visae et descriptione Neesiana nimis 
brevi tantum note ; ab iis equidem eximie differt foliis cordato- 
ovatis, bracteis magnis piloso-pubescentibus aliisque punctis. 

D. anoolensis (sp. nov.)— Caule sexangulari glabrato sat tenui, 
foliis sparsis ovato-lanceolatis petiolis brevibus hispidulis fultis 
supra lsete viridibus fere glabris subtus pallidioribus pubescentibus 
deinde glabris ?, cymis pauci- vel subdensiiloris breviter pedunculatis, 
involucri bracteis bracteolisque modicis coriaceis deinde papyraceis 
reticulato-neryosis obscure puberulis margine debiliter ciliatis 
nitidis bracteis inrequalibus obovato-oblanceolatis mucronulatis 
braeteolis lanceolatis spinose-acuminatis parum decoloribus, 
calycis lobis erectis linearibus longe acuminatis hyalinis minute 
pubescentibus, corollae tubo haud ampliato glabro labio postico 
ovato antico oblongo brevissime 3-fido, filamentis microscopice 
pilosulis antherarum loculis superpositis, disco quam maxime 
conspicuo sinuato-dentato, stylo apice 2-dentato, capsula . 

Hab, In distrr. Golungo Alto et Bumba sine locorum indicatione. 
(Nos. 5132, 5166, 5168.) 



HEEBARII WELWITSCHIANI ANGOLENSIS 



363 



Caulis 0-3 cm., crassus, ad nodos tumidus. Folia fere ad 4-0 
cm. plerumgue vero 2-0 cm. long., petioli 0-2-0-7 cm. Bractea 
major 1-1 cm. long., bractea minor bracteoheque ea paullo breviore. 
Corolla circiter 1-8 cm. long., superne puberula. 

Mihi videtur ad D. Roxbiurihianam, Nees, proxime accederc, 
cujus certe non est varietas ob bracteas coriaceas eximie reticulato- 
nervosas, calycis lacinias erectas multo majores, &c. 



Hypoestes. 



H 



ti. mollis, x. ana. , n , „ , ^ ■,. . 

Hab In sylvestribus siccioribus ad Cabango Cacalungo distr. 

Golungo Alto. (Nos. 5118, 5142, 5144.) 

H. verticillaris, E. Br., var. glabra. . 

Hab. In rupcstribus dnmetosis inter Lag. de ; Ivantala et 
i~„ a i.vb rin flnm. Caculuvar ast sparsim. (Wo. 51W.J 



Quilongv 



Specimina quoad fjenus dubia. 



No. 5083. Calophanes ? ? sp. Fragmentary 
No 5166 C ? sp. Exemplarium maxime imperlectum. 
No; 5121 5127 ,6189, 5186. AnBrnUiaf Floresnonvichinus. 
No 6752 Ex icone et fragmento minimo notum. Si Aeon- 
thacea fortasse genus novum constituat. 

No 5077. Videtur Jmticia sp. sed valde mceita. 

No.' 5049. Jwticiasp.? Flores non exstant. 

No 5201. Jmtiti® sp. ? quam maxime dubia. 

No 5060 An H„ P oLs sp. ? cfr. H. calhcowan,, nob. 

No" 1228 Exemplarium efloriferum omnmo mcertum. 

No. 5072. BaSus foliigerus ut videtur Acanthus cujusdam. 

No. 5069. Omnino dubia. 

In order to exhibit the ^^^^^^^ 
flora of Angola as investigated by Dr. W^ ± 
following table. In the third, foartb, -Mb, « £■* Nation of the 
affinities of the several species are et ^ f e e.^ ?% ^ 
figures is simple enough Thus to eomme ^ ^ ^ ^ 



Of the 
two h 



s is simple enougn -. - fi f them new ones ) 

, seven spec ies found by Di ' ™^^ ica3 Africa , an d four 

^O^h^^J^^^J. wbi lo the seventh 
are compared with species f hi h n0 comparison 

was sought. Then .W' « ' 7 "y,.,. ' nd s0 on . Where two or 
seen to be common to all the ocahtie ; ^d so 

more comparisons are made, and ^ ^X" an affinity. I do not 
each of such regions is counted as afloi Oin ^ as inlonri 

say that this Bystom *» VffiwSt? *> ^4 ** °1 

as to specific affinity ana aeim express with sufficient 

with the other; but 1 ^^^^aJ a whole to that of neigh- 
clearness the relationship of the iioia as a 



homing regions. 



bouring regions. , y . Troinca i Alnca oniy m n 

I use the terms East ^J^^Hon of Abyssinia and 
proximate sense. In tne i, ah *, } . known, and very 

Nile-land, it is chiefly the coast floia *£ ^ ^^ ^^ ^ 



364 



ENtTMERATIO ACANTHACEARUM 



East Tropical Africa, then, I include Abyssinia ancl^Schweinfurth's, 

of 



Speke 
research. 



and Grant's, Kirk's, Hildebrandt's and Peters' areas 
South Africa includes the whole region south of the 



tropic of Capricorn. 



Genus. 



No. of 

species 

obtained. 



New 
species 



Affinity. 



S. Africa. 



E. Trop. 
Africa. 



India, 
"W. Trop. including 






Tliuubergia 

E ly traria . 

Nelsonia 

Hiernia . . 

Hygrophila 

Brillantaisia 

Calophanes 

Euellia . . 

Petalidium . 

Pliaylopsis . 

Whitfieldia . 

Blepbaris . 

Acanthus . 

Barleria . . 

Neur acanthus 
Asystasia . 

Eranthemum 

Isochoriste . 

Monothecium 

Justicia . . 

Bhinacanthus 
Dicliptera . 

Hypoestes . 



Total 



7 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

1 
2 

7 
2 

1 

7 
2 

12 

2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
14 

1 
3 

2 



73 



5 


1 
1 


2 

7 
1 

4 
1 
9 
2 
1 

1 

10 

2 




47 





1 

1 











7 




3 



7 


1 




5 
1 
1 
1 



6 
1 
1 



1 
1 

2 



5 
1 
5 

2 



3 
1 

1 



ifrica. 


Eelochis- 




tan. 








l 


l 


l 


l 







1 



1 


2 
1 
1 
1 
2 

1 
1 



6 
1 

1 
1 



1 
1 






3 

2 
1 
1 

1 
1 
2 

1 
2 







28 



30 



9.9. 



18 



From this we gather that the relationship with 

East Tropical Africa is rather more than 41 per cent 

• ♦ ♦ • • on 



South Africa 
West 



India (including Beloochistan ) 



30 
24i 



n 



n 



n 



The point most worthy of notice here is the higher figure 
reached by South Africa : a moment's reflection will, however, lead 
us to the suspicion that this may be owing to the little-known 
nature of the Western Flora as compared with the carefully 
explored Cape and Natal region. The considerable Indian element 
is also to be remarked; but the connection between India and 
Angola is a well-known puzzle in the geographical distribution of 
vegetables, a puzzle which, as in the List case, will in all probability 
be more or less unriddled when the intervening part of Africa has 
been more fully opened up. 

Undoubtedly the most remarkablo plant in the collection io 



HEEBARII WELWITSCBlANI ANGOLENSIS. 365 

Hiernia anr/ohmm, not only geographically from its affinity with 
Ophwrrhhiphylloiu but also morphologically from its porous anthers, 
an arrangement possessed by only one other member of the order. 
Its habit is very curious for the order, rendering it far more like a 
Scrophulariad than an Acanthad ; but the retinacula to the seeds, 
though they do not become indurated, plainly pronounce it to 
belong to Acanthacem. 

Petalidium.— -This genus was formerly supposed to be entirely 
Indian. A few years ago, however, the late Dr. Harvey figured 
and described in his ' Thesaurus Capensis ' the first African species. 



Andei 



to embrace a plant gathered by Curror on the western coast of 
South Africa ; this genus has, however, been merged by Mr. 
Bentham with Petalidium, doubtless with propriety. A third boutn- 
African species, which I was fortunate enough to unearth at Key, 
was originally described by Nees in DeCandohVs < Prodronius as 
Barlakc haUmoides. Whether Nees had a flower for description I 
know not ; but the specimen at present is ma flowerless condifaon, 
and this it is which has caused its position to have been h ith erto 
mistaken Though I have seen no flower, the curious habit ol tlie 
Mil; binches-a dimorphism which ""^~££ 
developed as in Petatidiur*- and its strong likeness to 1- . hnanthi 
foUu n Tender its genuine place certain. Even were cer ainty 

fed^owever, I have seel in the Bntish M^m a^J 

hi flower which I cannot but think is P. J^mfa. Tl ere ^ being 
now ten species of this genus known from Africa, * 8 .^:«K! 
must be shifted from the Indian peninsula, where it is not likely 
that, rnnnv forms remain undiscovered. • * i i„ 

fourth has been sent home by Di Schwen ^ &e head . 

good g-unas for -sped ting ^"^^ to Africa . 
quarters of the genus may nave ^ Acanthaceous genera 

Imxhoriste ajncana piobably ou^ m factori* is 

stand, to be the type of a .new gem . The oi^a ^ 

an Indian Archipelago plant but ^ tlieie i^ i to ^ 

ssstrssx ^F 1 Lb ^ jb ? ls not so 

great as might ^^J^SL«L Indian plant in herbaria. 

M0Mik«*m anstatum is J ^ m from { lie l udiau . The 

The Angolan specimens d flel ^ »^ d ^ om Africa . 

species has not P^gJX* adding my testimony to 
I cannot conclude his ^ d tiefl of collect i„ g possessed by 

the enlightened N«# *J* a ^ conception wft8 put 

Welwitsch, an d to t h w m ^ 



into practice. It is owing various snecies than is the case 

u,auy more details -MfSJEMlLawda-Otl*. 



with other collections ; 



366 ON SOME ISLE OF WIGHT PLANTS. 

been better had I made more use of the copious notes with which 
the Herbarium is provided, full copies of which are fortunately 
readily available for reference in the British Museum set of his 
plants. ^ That Dr. Welwitsch, after having endured such privations 
as he did, should not have lived to himself make them effectual 
is a matter for lasting regret; it is a satisfaction, however, 
to know that his collections are being worked up by Mr. Hiern, 
to whom the task is most appropriately entrusted. 






ON SOME ISLE OF WIGHT PLANTS. 

By the Eev. W. Moyle Kogeks. 

I spent a month of last spring— from May 18th to June ^th- 
in the Isle of Wight ; one fortnight at Sandown, and the other at 
Niton, a parish which includes a large portion of the Undercliff 
between Ventnor and Black Gang Chine. I thus saw a good deal 
of the later spring flowers of the eastern and south-eastern parts of 
the island ; and Mr. Frederic Stratton having most kindly lent me 
his copies of < Flora Vectensis ' and the « Supplement to Flora 
\ectensis' (A. G. More), enriched with his own MS. notes, I was 
the better able to judge of the comparative rarity of the plants I 
met with. Hence the following brief notes will be found supple- 
mental to what is contained in those works ; all the records being 
of plants seen by me this year (except in the few cases where an 
earlier date will be given) in the stations named. 

Papaver dubium, Linn., a. Lamottei, Bor. Along the railroad 
east of Brading Station, in considerable quantity. Niton: in a 
cornfield west of " Pan Lane," abundant ; and in the Undercliff, on 
some recently slipped land east of the « Cripple Path," several 

few It ' qU ' LaU1, "k a tumi P- fiel d near Black Gang, a 

Ilaphanus maritimm, Sm. Between Sandown and Shanklin in 
two places (one plant in one, and two in the other) at the base of 
the sea-ciifi. Not before reported from any station east of Ventnor. 

Matthiola mccma, Br. Down the face of the sea-cliff by 
bt. Catherine s Lighthouse ; several plants, one being in flower, 
l^ooks quite established on the rocks, though probably a recent 
" garden escape." J 

Alysstimmaritlmun, Lam. Sandown Bay, about quarter of a 
mile west of the pier and a third of the way up the face of the cliff ; 
several plants no doubt thrown out of a garden, but thriving and 
likely to spread. & 

Thlaspi orrense, L. St. Helen's, in considerable quantity in 
some rough broken ground a little to the west of the new embank- 
ment which crosses to Bembridge. 

Lr^lium Draba, L. St. Helen's, all round the mill in great 
quantity, and spreading a little along the shore. An alien, ol 
course. 



turf, 



ON SOME ISLE OF WIGHT PLANTS. 867 

Polygala oxyptera, Reich. St. Helen's, in grass near the Thlaxpi 
arvense station, in great quantity. On St. Catharine's Hill, in the 

short close turf. 

Silene mflata, Sm., b. puberula. Niton, near the village and in 

the Undercliff. Whit well. 

S. maritima, With. Niton, by the "Cripple Path," as well as 

on the shore in the Undercliff. 

Cerastiuin semidecandrum, L. Seen only at the "Bed Cliff," in 

Sandown Bay. 

Stellaria aquatica, Scop. "The Wilderness," at Rookley, 

June, 1875. 

Sayina cilia ta, Fries. 

Not observed elsewhere. 

Hypericum montanum, L. "The Landslip," among the rocky 
thickets. I only saw a few plants, and those of course not yet in 

flower. 

Geranmm pmillum, L. The " Eed Cliff." Banks between 
Pelham Wood and the road, in some abundance. I failed to find 
a single plant of G. columbinum, L. It must be remarkably local. 

Mendicaqo denticulata , Willd. Keeth Bay, in great quantity for 
twenty or thirty yards near the site of the former "Victoria 
Baths." Perhaps only a "colonist" in this station. 

Trifolium subterranewn, L. Near " Eocken End." Chale 
Common. Abundant in both places. 

T. medium, L. Undercliff, between "Cripple Path and 

Mirables. Only seen in one spot. 

T. incanwtum, L. " Eed Cliff," spreading along the cliffs from 

the adjacent field. 

T. mrense, L. " Eed Cliff." 

T. stnatum, L. " Eed Cliff." Niton Undercliff. _ , 

T scabnm, L. Niton Undercliff and near St. Catherine s Point. 

T. glomerattm, L. Niton Undercliff, bank near the road between 
" Cripple Path" and Mirables, June, 1875. The only Isle of Wight 
station where I have seen it. I looked in vain fo'^fPf^/^* 
for T. sufocatum al 
"Eedcliff." 



St. Catherine's Lighthouse and at 

T. Jiliforme, L. Common about Sandown and at " Eocken 

End " Niton. St. Lawrence. 

Astnllus alycyphyllus, L. Niton : in one place close under he 
main chff between^" Cripple Path " and Mirables ; as well as in the 
Piously recorded station near the shore further west, between 
Puckaster Cove and St. Catherine's Point. 

K^Xroides, L. In fairly good Quantity (with Mm r**»* 
near it in p enty, but mostly out of reach at the Eed Chfl 
station ; but already out of flower and rapidly disappearing before 



the end of May. 



grass 



close to the sea abundant 1865. ^ ^ 

of tfcliff t*£ Sandtran P d SLrtf; becoming rather 
frequent S the broken ground between Shankhn and Ventnor. 



368 ON SOME ISLE OF WIGHT PLANTS. 

Rosa tomentosa, Sm. Chale Common, several bushes. Niton, 
roadside towards Godshill, a bush or two at intervals. The type, 
or near it. 

R. micrantha, Sm. Very frequent on the Landslip, and on the 
very similar rocky bushy ground between Pelham Woods and the 
Ventnor Road. Near Eocken End, and elsewhere in the Niton 
Undercliff. 

R. canina, L. : — R. lutetiana, Leman. Brading, Luccombe, 
Landslip, Pelham Woods, and Niton ; but really abundant only on 
the Landslip, where its great frequency is remarkable. — 22, dumalis, 
Bechst. Apparently far the commonest rose (in the east and 
south-east). — R. biserrata, Merat. Luccombe, in the bushy ground 
towards the Landslip, several bushes, very characteristic. — R. urbica, 
Leman, seen only at Niton. I was surprised at the seeming scarce- 
ness of this usually very common rose. — R. arvatica, Baker. Near 
Luccombe Chine. Niton, quite frequent in several parts of the 
parish, especially towards Whitwell. — R. obtusifolia, Desv. Near 

Luccombe Chine and on the Landslip. — U. latebrosa, Desegl. Niton, 
near Westcliff. 

R. systyla, Bast. Brading, near the railway station, Niton, 
Newport Road, occasional. Pelham Woods. Near Luccombe 
Chine. The ordinary form everywhere. 

R. arvensis, Huds. Between Shanklin and Ventnor. Niton. 
Chale. Abundant where it occurs, but not so generally distributed 
as is usual in the south of England. 

(Enothera odorata, Jacq. Sandown Bay, about quarter of a 
mile west of the pier: a plant or two near the Alyssum maritimwn 
station, and another some little way further west ; from a garden 
originally, no doubt. Abundant (where planted) on the sandhills 
at St. Helen's Spit. ' 

• Carduus pratemis, Huds. The "Wilderness" at Bookley, 
June, 1875. 

Erigeron acris, L. West Cowes, in Mr. Ward's grounds, in 
1865. 5 

Picris hieracioides, L. Near Black Gang. 

Trarjopofjon porrifolius, L. Still abundant in the old station by 
the railroad for a considerable distance near Brading. 

Crept* taraxacifoUa, Thuil. Border of a field east of Shanklin, 
in some quantity, and extending a little along the adjacent cliffs. 
Niton, among sown grass, hi several fields. 

C. nicaendn, Balb. With C. taraxacifoUa at both Shanklin and 
Niton ; but only among sown grass. 

Meni/anthes trifoliata, L. In the "Wilderness" at Rookley, 
June, 1875. 

Lithospermum officinale, L. Near Brading. The Landslip. 
Bushy ground between Pelham Woods and the Ventnor Koad. 

Myosotis caspitosa, Schultz. The prevailing species in the 
Sandown and Newchurch Marshes. 

M. patwiru, With. By the East Yar (only on its actual banks) 
near Sandown, and at Newchurch. Not yet in flower at the end of 
May, when the preceding and following species were fruiting freely. 



j. 



ON A COLLECTION OF FEKNS MADE IN MADAGASCAR. 3G9 

M. repens, Don. Newclmrcli Marsh, only a few plants. 
Samolus Valerandi, L. Marshy ground near " Rocken End," in 
some quantity ; and again in the Undercliff nearer the village of 



Niton. 



"Woods 



Arum italicum, Mill. „ w 

and the Ventnor road. Several plants just flowering on June 5th. 
Leaves all dead or dying. Plainly distinct from A. maculatum, and 
yet looking strangely unlike A. italicum as I remember to have 
seen it in the Riviera, with its singularly- veined leaves and immense 
widely ventricose spathes ; the leaves in all these Isle of Wight 
specimens being simply green, and the spathes both shorter and 
narrower than in A. mamlatum (as it grows in Devon), though 
decidedly less constricted in the middle. All the plants had yellow 
spadices and leaves as broad as long, with widely divaricate lobes. 

F I odea canadensis, Mich. In the East Yar, near Bradmg. 

Gymnadenia omopsea, Brown. In the Undercliff, in the neigh- 
bourhood of " Rocken End," June, 1875. 

Allium rineale, L. The " Red Cliff" in Sandown Bay. 

Garex muricata,h. Near Sandown and in Niton Underclifl; 
but apparently far less common than C. divulsa. 

C. Boenninyhauseniana , Weihe. After a long search in the New- 
church (Parsonage Lynch) station I came upon two weak plants ot 
this singular Carex. The species prevailing around were lamgata, 
remote (a very slender form), and paniculata ; the last being far the 
most abundant and very variable, supplying quite a series of torms, 
from the nearly simple spiked with rather distant spikelets, to the 
very compound panicled with long, crowded, drooping panicles oi 
spikelets. 



C. piluUfera, L. 



Whitw 



station where I saw it. 

C. riparia, Curtis. By the East Yar, not fai from its sotm, 
between Niton and Whitwell ; very fine and m great quantity. 

TrLtia decumbms, Beauv. St. Catherine's Point and neigh- 

b0U Si fr S^ Per, Erequent along the whole coast from 

"Red Cliff" to "Rocken End." -.,.«.* ^ i „ 

ScUrZb* procumbent, Beauv. St. Helen's Spit. One large 

plant was all that I observed. . 

1 AsJLium marimm, L. South coast One plant (and I feai 
only one) still left, and putting forth fresh fronds on 9th June. 



ON A COLLECTION OF FERNS MADE BY LANGLEY 

KITCHING, ESQ., IN MADAGASCAR. 

By J. G. Baker, E.R.S. 

(Concluded from p. HMO.) 

RR* Polypodium (Phegopteris) Sharpianum, Baker, n. sp. 
Frond ample 8-4-pinnatifid, moderately firm m texture, green on 
WhsuSaceL deiely pubescent beneath; rachises bright pale 



370 ON A COLLECTION OF FERNS MADE IN MADAGASCAR. 

brown, densely pubescent. Lower pinnae oblong-lanceolate, 1-1 i ft. 
long, about \ ft. broad ; pinnules lanceolate, sessile, f-1 in. broad, 
cut down to a narrow distinct wing into oblong obtuse tertiary 
segments with round lobes reaching about half-way down. Veins 
copiously pinnate in the tertiary segments, with forked lower 
veinlets. Sori large, globose, superficial, generally placed one at 
the base of each 4 -nary lobe, 10-12 to each tertiary segment. 
Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. Named after my relative, 
Mr. I. Sharp, whom Mr. Kitching accompanied on a missionary 
visit to Madagascar. General habit and cutting of Nephrodinm 
Boryanwti, and a near ally of the Himalayan Poly podium sub- 
tripinnatiim, C. B. Clarke in Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot., 2nd ser., vol.i., 
p. 545, plate 80, fig. 1. 

96*. Polypodium (Eupolypodium) holophleuium, Baker, n. sp. 
Bhizome slender, short-creeping ; paleae minute, lanceolate, dull 
brown. Stipe under an inch long, dull brown, finely pilose. 
Lamina entire, linear, moderately firm in texture, green on both 
sides, obscurely pilose, principally on the edge and midrib beneath, 
3-4 in. long, i-i in. broad, obtuse, narrowed gradually at the base. 
Veins close, regular, simple, distinct, erecto-patent, ending in 
a dot a short distance from the margin. Sori round or round- 
oblong, superficial, forming a couple of long rows close to the 
midrib, dorsal as regards the veins. Tanala. General habit, 
texture, and raising very like those of P. manjinellum. 

106' : '. Polypodium (Eupolypodium) crytophlebium, Baker, n. sp. 
Bhizome slender, short-creeping ; palese minute, brown, adpressed, 
lanceolate. Stipe scarcely any. Lamina entire, linear, very rigid 
and coriaceous in texture, minutely pilose, obtuse, narrowed very 
gradually to the base, H-2 in. long, f-J in. broad. Veins quite 
hidden, arcuate-ascending, forked. Sori oblong, superficial, filling 
up the whole space between the midrib and margin of the frond 
except in the narrowed basal portion, the oblong oblique re- 
ceptacles nearer the midrib than the edge. Between Tamatave and 
Antananarivo. 

B. Gil pin a-, Baker. 

P. semdatuiti, Mett. 

P. subjdnnatiim, Baker. Tanala. 

145*. Polypodium (Eupolypodium) macrorhynchum, Baker, n. sp. 
Bhizome slender, wide-creeping ; paleae small, brown, lanceolate, 
adpressed. Stipe wiry, naked, erect, under an inch long. Lamina 
lanceolate, subcoriaceous, green and glabrous on both sides, 2-3 in. 
long, f-£ in. broad, with a long simple linear tip, cut down to the 
rachis in the central portion into erecto-patent obtuse entire oblong 
or oblong-deltoid pinnae, the largest about J in. long, narrowed 
cuneately at the base into a very narrow decurrent wing to the 
stipe. Veins hidden. Sori superficial, round or oblong, confined 
to the small upper pinnae and the entire beak-like tip of the frond, 
which is about an inch long. Tanala. Allied to the Australian 
and New Zealand P. urammitidw, E. Br., from which it is marked by 
its caudate fronds and fewer shorter pimm>. 

P. devvlutum. Baker. Tanala. 



ON A COLLECTION OF FERNS MADE IN MADAGASCAR. 371 



fis 



i 



P. lanceohttum , L. Tanala. 
P. linenre, Thunb. Tanala. 
P. bidhttum, Baker. Tanala. 
P. Fhymatodes, L. 

P. irioidcs, Lam. Tanala, and between Tamatave and Antana- 
narivo. 

(iymnoiinimmejaninica, Blume. Tanala, and between Tamatave 

and Antananarivo. 

(i. arymtea, Mett. Tanala, and the hill at Ambotriganahaiy. 
(?. anjentca, var. aurea. Tanala, and between Tamatave and 

Antananarivo. 

G. lanceolate, Hook. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

Yittaria lineata, Sw. 

V. el&ngata, Sw. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

AMrofkyum Bon/anum, Kaulf. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 

A. wriactwn, Wall. Tanala. This has not been found out of 

Tropical Asia. 

Acrostichum hybrhlum, Bory. Tanala. 

A. onforme, Sw. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

A. latifoliinn, Sw. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 

A. linear e, Fee. Tanala. 

36*. Acrostichtjm (Elaphoglossum) achroalepis, Baker, n. sp. 
Rhizome slender, woody, short-creeping; palefe small, white, 
membranous, lanceolate acuminate. Stipe of the barren frond 
3-4 in. long, coated throughout with adpressed white paleae like 
those of the rhizome. Barren frond lanceolate, entire, acute, 
about a foot long, under an inch broad, moderately firm in texture, 
"reenon both surfaces, cuneate at the base, narrowed gradually 
from the middle to the apex, thinly scattered over on both sides 
with small white or pale brown deeply stellately herniated pa lee. 
Veins erecto-patent, moderately distinct, *-f in .apart, forked at 
the base and 'sometimes again above it. Fertile ^«*«<» 
a longer stipe. Between Tamatave and Antananamo. Statuie 
and veining of A. Aubertii, but pales quite different. 

38*. Acbostichum (Elaphoglossum) aspidioleiis, bahu n.s V . 

Rhizome short-creepmg ; pale* small, -borbiciilar, j* ^>r6wn, 
membranous. Stipes of the barren frond contiguous, 4-6 m. long 
coated throughout with minute pale brown lineai membranous 
entire rather crisped scales. Barren frond 1 near, light green, firm 
[ntexw, 8-10 n, long, about half: an inch broad a he imddte 



frond not seen. Ankara tra 

ZJSS. woo,.}, h.nUv at rif****, * ra » ™U 



KlHZome suo ., " J'J- "~" lanceolate, ciliated. Stipe of the 
£= ! , KUSVft, . kE *S* dothca ite spreading or 



barren frond 2 I in. long, 



872 ON A COLLECTION OF FERNS MADE IN MADAGASCAR. 

squarrose lanceolate pale brown palese with a conspicuously ciliated 
dark brown margin. Barren frond linear, entire, firm in texture, 
bright green on both sides, about half a foot long, \- f in. broad, 
cuneate at the base, narrowed gradually from the middle to the tip, 
slighly scaly when young, naked when mature on the upper surface, 
scattered all over beneath with minute stellate-laciniate brown 
paleae, the edge fringed with a dense border of minute lanceolate 
ciliated pale&, like those of the stipe. Veins close, obscure, erecto- 
patent, simple or forked. Fertile frond not seen. Tanala. This 
comes nearest to the Angolan A. Welwitschii, Baker, but may be 
readily distinguished from all its neighbours by the beautiful 
ciliated squarrose scales of the stipes. 

A. squamosum, Sw. Ankaratra mountains. 

A. sorbifolium, L. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 

Osmunda regalis, L. Tanala, and between Tamatave and Anta- 
nanarivo. 

Mohria cajfrorum, Desv. Tanala. 

Lygodium lanceolatum, Desv. Tanala. 

Schkcea dichotoma, Sw. Forest of Andrangaloaka. 

Mar aula fraxinea, Smith. Tanala, and between Tamatave and 
Antananarivo. 

Ophiog loss urn vulgatum, L. Tanala. 

Lycopodiiun clavatum, L. Forest of Andrangaloaka, and between 
Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

L. cemuum, L. Between Tamatave and Antananarivo. 

L. complanatmn, L. Forest of Andrangaloaka. A variety 
approaching the Indian L. Wightianum , Spring. 

L. carulinianum : L. Betsileo country. 

Selaginella laevigata, Baker. Between Tamatave and Antana- 
narivo. 

S. fissidentoides, Spring. Tanala. 

S. madagascariensis, Baker, n. sp. Stems erect, pale straw- 
coloured, ±-1 ft. long, copiously pinnate, the lower branches with 
numerous compound branchlets. Leaves of the lower plane 
spaced even on the branchlets, erecto-patent, those of the main 
stem spreading, oblong-lanceolate, acute, pale green, membranous, 
very unequal-sided, a line long, broadly rounded, serrulate and 
slightly imbricated over the stem on the upper side at the base ; 
leaves of the upper plane |yj as long, ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate. 
Spikes short, copious, resupinate, 1 lin. diam. ; bracts of the upper 
plane ovate-lanceolate, erecto-patent; of the lower plane pale, 
ovate-lanceolate, more ascending. Between Tamatave and Anta- 
nanarivo, gathered previously by Mr. Pool and Miss Gilpin. A 
near ally of 8. mollicep$, Spring. 

S. Melleri, Jjahrr, n. sp. Stems f-1 ft. long, erect, copiously 
pinnate, the erecto-patent branches copiously compound. Leaves 
of the lower plane contiguous and erecto-patent on the branchlets, 
much spaced and spreading on the main stem, oblique oblong, 
acute, pale green, membranous, J-f lin. long, more rigid in texture 
than iu S. madagascaiieimt, not so unequal-sided, serrulate all down 
the upper edge, broadly rounded and imbricated over the stem on 



SHORT NOTES. 



373 



the upper side at the base ; leaves of the upper plane small, ovate 
cuspidate. Spikes short, resupinate, 1 lin. diam. ; bracts of the 
upper plane oblong-rhomboid, obtuse, erecto-patent ; of the lower 
plane ovate cuspidate, more ascending. Tanala. Gathered 
previously by Dr. Meller by mountain paths at Ambatomanga. 

A -alia pitmata, R. Br. — Ankaratra mountains, and Betsileo 



land. 



dirj'um, Lepr. ? Betsileo land. 



SHORT NOTES. 



Tolypella glomerata, Leonh., in Yorkshire.— In September of 
the present year I observed this species growing luxuriantly and 
in some quantity in a small lake on the estate of Earl Cathcart, 
near Thirsk, N.E. Yorkshire. This seems quite a new record both 
for locality and county, and is interesting as extending very 
materially the geographical distribution of the species in Britain. 
In the 'Review of the British Characeae,' which has lately 
appeared in the < Journal of Botany,' Messrs. H. and J. Groves state 
that « ' in Britain it is rare and apparently almost confined to the 
south-east of England." I may add that a specimen was sub- 
mitted to the Messrs. Groves. In the same lake Char* pohjacantha 
A Braun crew in abundance, as well as C. vulgarw, Linn., U 
t,' "Besv, and C. ki> P ul«, Linn. I could find no Nitellas a 
il -/although k opae*, Agardh, was pleat ful in a rfp-dnj 
far off. Some distance away, but on the same estate, I came 
across a new locality for Chara pohjacantha-the small lake above- 
mentioned being the spot where it was discovered some years ago 
by the Rev. F. Addison.— George Nicholson. 

Euphorbia Juice and its us^see p. 818).-In connection with 

the sub ect of the use of the juice of Euphorbias in the preparation 
the subject 01 sue u j meeting of the 

tSSSfeSu^St of India fern Mr. M-Gibbon, 

Agncultui .11 *nufiu _, T Botanic Garden, in winch lie 

superintendent of the tape Jn V ^ nm ^ 

says ■ • I upborbia sap » "J™^ tLe Customs Returns to 

{hri efltc In tb neighbouring colony of Natal a patent was 
that enecu. j-u °. ,-, use f Euphorbia sap into a form 

taken out some years ago iov ^ e o W00( / and manne 



for 
told 



told that the FW^^Sli anira al life on wood or iron in 

^ ^Thl^elie^f ^en^ Euphorbia are very numerous at 

water, ine spec ies M E ;ir(l)m ^ lts , u 

the Cape. ^»*F*£L fe et, with numerous fleshy branches 
^fra^ -mf a slight stem. It is very abundant 



374 SHORT NOTES. 

in the eastern districts of the colony. It bleeds freely and 
copiously. Another species found more to the eastward, and in 
Natal, is E. quinata (a bad name, of no authority I fear). This is 
the largest growing succulent Euphorbia I am acquainted with, 
exceeding in height E. (jranoideus, and larger in circumference 
than that species. A good specimen of E. quinata (?) is a hand- 
some object, although of so singular aspect. The quantity of juice 
yielded by this tree is very plentiful. From this and the preceding 
species the sap was taken, I believe, for experiment." — J. R. Jackson. 



Barbarea 



This plant was 



gathered by Mr. A. D. Melvin and myself at Worcester, near the 
river, in June last. I have since been informed that it was also 
met with at Malvern some time since, but, I believe, lias never 
been recorded as a Worcestershire plant. We saw a considerable 
number of specimens in two meadows, so that it seems fairly 
established. — R. F. Towndrow. 



Rare British Plants.— While on a botanical excursion in the 
neighbourhood of Dover I was shown, in a garden under the cliff, 
not far from Lydden Spout, a plant which was unknown to the 
owner of the garden, who believed it to have sprung up from rail- 
way ballast. The plant was Salvia clandestina, and not far from 
it was a solitary specimen of Xanthium xpinomm. Frankenia 
lavh also occurred sparingly below Shakespeare Cliff, while 
Enteromorpha maryinata, Le Jolis, a form not before recorded as 
British, I behove, was abundant on some muddy ooze by 
the shore. By some means or other Teucrium Botn/s has 
established itself by the roadside near Mill Hill, from whence I 
have received a specimen gathered by M. C. Chantre this year. 
It would be interesting to learn if it has been planted there by any 
botanist. — E. M. Holmes. 

New British Lichen.— Lecanora ranbrino : fnsca, Nyl.— Thallus 
umbrino-fuscus vel umbrino-nigrescens, tenuis, subcontinuus vel 
obsolete rimulosus, hypothallo plumbeo subplumoso-radiante 
s&pms circumdatus ; apothecia nigra lecideoidea minuta adnata 
(latit. circiter 0-2 millim) submarginata ; sporse 8-na> fuse® ellip- 
soids 1-septatra, longit. 0-010-11 millim., crassit. 0-006-7 
milhm., epithecium fuscum, hypothecium incolor. Supra saxa 
silicea ad Thetford in Suffolk (Larbalestier). Videtur species 
affims L. tp'imj-fusctf, Nyl., in ''Flora,' 1875, p. 360; sporis vero 
mmoribus, thallo, &c, differens. Apothecia juniora s;epe suble- 
canonna. Spcrmogonia non visa. Maculas super lapidem fingit 
obscuras, latit. circiter 5 millim. in speciminibus visis.— < Flora/ 
September 1, 1880, p. 389. _ 

Somkhsetshikk Ferns.— I have lately ascertained that Polypodmm 
Pheffopterit, which has been known to many botanists in Wiltshire 
and Somerset as growing in the woods at* Stonehead, the seat of 



SHORT NOTES. 



375 



Sir Eichard Colt Hoare, was planted in that locality some thirty 
or forty years since by one of his gardeners. The station for 
Adiantum Capillus-VenerU, at Clevedon, N. Somerset, recorded in 
the ' Phytologist ' (i., 964), has long since been destroyed. The 
late Eev. W. H. Hawker found a root or two of this fern on moist 
locks in the neighbourhood of Cheddar (N. Somerset) in 1851, 
which he recorded in the f Phytologist ' for 1854, but I recollect 
afterwards he expressed his doubts whether it might not have been 
planted by Potter, a well-known collector of British ferns, who 
was frequently in the habit of visiting the district.— T. Bruges 

Flower. 

A New British Jungermannia.— In examining a collection of 
Hepatic® made on Cader Idris in April, 1876, I met with a Jun- 
germannia which, on account of its paroicous inflorescence, I finally 
determined as J. socia, Nees, a species new to Britain. Dr. Car- 
rin^ton, to whom I am under many obligations for foreign speci- 
mens of the species, writes, " I believe you are correct in naming 
your specimen J. socia, Nees." Dr. Spruce says, "The Junyennanma 
is probably really J. socia." Prof. Lindberg, to whom I also for- 
warded specimens, writes, << J. socia, Nees, is correctly named; no 
doubt left " In my paper on Ghfmitomitnum obtusion in last 
month's Le, in ^dimension of the cells (p. 837) I m error put 
a cypher too many. Dr. Spruce calls my attention to this slip— 
W. H. Pearson. 

Ranunculus coneervoides ? (see p. 344)._The record of this 
Bitvichian with Mr. Sturrock's observations on it, recalled to my 
mnad a S matted Uanuncnlu, I gathered on Mitcham Common 
SurVev flowering and fruiting under 12 to 18 inches of water. I 
watched it for some weeks, and satisfied myself it was no sudden 
r c cumu a ion of water. I called it A Brou*U, yar., and s ill think 
Utobo o I thonght little of this at the time, as Mr Hiern 
Joiirn Bot ix. 102) notes a similar peculiar! y in B. Dn.uctn, 
2^to&fo: an elongated plant collected by Gunn in Lake 

SSii; Zg£ JtjL* *- the carpels of 
these submersed specimens.-ARTHUR Bennett. 

A Correction- Scirfus acicularis, not S. parvulus. 
A Correction " D d Crespieny kindly sent Mr. H. C. 

early summer oi his y < r » de Lie l . J > ^ ^ 

Watson ^^^SnoS, from these specimens, that 
Surrey (see p._58),tneicca » d j gre t the publication of the 

«* P^ "JSdSS VW SSlfiS ab'ove.-ARTHUH Bennett. 
erroneous record at tae p<i « ^ lc " 

„ TT . kTWKK L a BwOrfSH Plant ? — Under thi 

I V SKTlMMtoSA; h ■ Joun, Bot. ,' L, 859 (1668). 

SS a^X to'a spocmon in the Bati* M. S « H»tan<nu. 



376 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

labelled " Lepidium petrmtm, Ingleborrow, Mr. M'B [itchie] " ; and 
Mr. Baker (' Journ. Bot.,' iii., 92) mentions one in his possession 
which had been received from Mr. Caley in 1790. No further 
evidence has been brought forward in support of the claims of 
Hutchinsia alpina to a place in our Flora; but it may be worth 
while to place on record that in the private collection of Eobert 
Brown (formerly in the possession of Mr. J. J. Bennett) which is 
now being incorporated in the National Herbarium, there is a 
specimen of the plant labelled, " Lepidium alpinwn. Hudson, 
Anglia." — James Britten. 



iExttracts anil Notices of ftoofts aitir jDfcmoirs* 



THE DIFFUSION OF THE CONIDIA OF PHYTOPIITHOEA 

INF E STAN S, De Baot. 

[From the Keport of the Evidence given before the Select Com- 
mittee of the House of Commons on the Potato Crop, which has 
lately been issued, it appears that two different opinions were 
maintained as to the mode of the diffusion of the conidia of 
the above-named fungus. Mr. Dyer, who was supported in his 
opinion by Prof. Baldwin, of the Agricultural Department of the 
National Board (Ireland), believed that this takes place by such 



farm 



manure 



been used in another/' and that the atmosphere was not effective 
as a mode of communicating the disease. Mr. Carruthers, on 
the other hand, held that the disease was usually spread by the 
atmosphere. " If you have a condition fit for the growth of mould 
of cheese or any decaying matter, you will find spores present in 
the atmosphere ready to take advantage of this condition of things, 
and the mould will at once make its appearance ; and so it is with 
this mould of the potato," Mr. Worthington Smith and Dr. 
Voelcker agreed in this view ; and Mr. George Murray, in a letter 
(printed as an Appendix to the Eeport) to the Chairman of the 
Committee (Major Nolan), recounted an experiment which seems 
to prove the correctness of Mr. Carruthers' judgment. He has 
given us the following account of the experiment, with several details 
not included in the above-mentioned letter.] 

"In the middle of August, 1876, I instituted the following 
experiment, with the object of determining the mode of diffusion 
of the conidia of Phytophthora infest am. 

"The method of procedure was to expose on the lee side of a 
field of potatoes, of which only about two per cent, were diseased 
ordinary German microscopic slides, measuring two inches long by 
one inch broad, coated on the exposed surface with a thin layer of 
glycerine, to which objects alighting would adhere, and in which, 
if of the nature of conidia, they would be preserved in a condition 
suitable for examination. These slides were placed on the pro- 
jecting stones of a dry-stone wall which surrounded the field, and 



? 



Notices oe books and memoirs. 677 

was distant at the portion to which I refer at least live yards from 
the nearest potato plant. During the five days and nights of the 
experiment a gentle wind blew, and the weather was, on the whole, 
dry and clear. Every morning about nine o'clock I placed fourteen 
slides on the lee side of the field, and every evening about seven 
o'clock I removed them, and placed others till the following 
morning at nine o'clock. Each slide was carefully examined with 
the microscope immediately before being placed in its position, 
and I took the precaution of spending the greater part of each day 
in the neighbourhood to prevent disturbance or communication 
between the potato field and the slides by any discernible agency 
except the atmosphere. So far as it was conceivable and possible 
to me, the slides were isolated during the period of exposure from 
every agency but the atmosphere. After the slides were placed in 
position they were never approached until I did so to replace them 
by others, and this I was careful to effect from the side of the wall 
more remote from the potato field. The examination of them 
began within thirty minutes after their removal from the wall. 
The field was not watched during the night ; but as no conidia fell 
on the slides during that period, the absence of this precaution 
cannot invalidate any result. On no occasion, however, did I 
discover any sign of the slides having been disturbed. The four- 
teen slides exposed during the day, when examined in the evening, 
showed (among other objects) on the first day, 15 conidia ; on the 
second, 17 conidia; on the third, 27 conidia; on the fourth, only 
4 conidia ; and on the fifth, 9 conidia. On none of the five nights 
did a single conidium alight on the slides. This seemed to me to 
prove that during the day the conidia, through the dryness of the 
atmosphere and the shaking of the leaves, became detached and 
wafted by the wind; while during the night the moisture (in the 
form of dew, and on one occasion of a slight and gently falling 
shower) prevented the drying of the conidia, and thus rendered 

them less easv of detachment. 

« I determined the authenticity of the conidia (1) by com] ring 
them with conidia directly removed from diseased plants; i-) by 
there being attached to some of them portions of the characteristic 
coindiophores ; and (3) by cultivating them in a moist chamber 
the result of which was that five conidia, not having been immersed 
fthe glvcerine, retained vitality, which was shown by then 
Tursting and producing zoospores in the manner characteristic of 

these organs ^ ^ ^.^ ^ ed 72 i(U 

fell during 50 hours from a field bearing about two per cent of 
diseased plants shows, in my opinion, that the diffusion of the 
conTdla by the atmosphere is an ordinary mode of spreading the 

^ There were perceptibly more diseased plants in the field on 
the fifth day than on the first, but fewer than might have ben 
exnected from the number of conidia presumably in the atmo- 
sphere For about a week after these experiments I cursorily 
examined the field each day, and on the fourth day a sudden m- 



378 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS. 

crease in the amount of disease was apparent. During the previous 
day and night the weather had been damper and warmer, and on 
the day but one previous a high wind had blown (the weather 
being dry) for several hours. George Murray." 



EXTRACTS FROM THE 'REPORT OF THE BOTANICAL EXCHANGE 

CLUB OF THE BRITISH ISLES FOR 1879.'* 

Armaria ciliata, L. From King's Mountain, Sligo, 18th July, 
1879. A srood suddIv is sent bv Mr. S. A. Stewart, who 



writes 



" This plant seems to be either very rare or local on Ben Bulben 
proper, as for two days I searched for it in vain on that mountain. 
It occurs in considerable abundance on rocks on the east side of 
that mountain, some three miles to the south-east of Bulben. Our 
plant is denser and rougher, with leaves more bluntly spathulate 
and more strongly ciliate than continental examples in my 
herbarium." Prof. Babington writes :—" Probably we have all 
confounded King's Mountain and Ben Bulben. I do not recollect 
finding it on the hill I was first taken to as the latter, but on the 
hill which is continuous with it, on the other side of a ravine." 

Rubus saltuum, Focke. Dr. Eyre de Crespigny sends a Rubus 
under the name of R. fusco-ater, Weihe, from Harrow Weald Com- 
mon, Middlesex, August, 1879, which Mr. Baker names saltuum, 
Focke == Guntheri, Bab. Mr. Briggs says this is certainly R. Gun- 
then, "Weihe," Bloxam = L\ saltuum, Focke. Prof. Babington 
does not accept it a,a fusco-ater, but his specimen has not a perfect 
terminal leaflet. 



■!/W 



Minworth, Warwick- 



shire, September, 1879. Sent by Mr. James E. Bagnall with the 
following note :— ** Specimens from the bushes from which these 
specimens have been collected were named for me, in 1871, by the 
late Bev. Andrew Bloxam as Rubus cuneivnus, Baker ; but, as I 
could see no difference between this and what I considered to be 
R. purpura*, Bab., I sent specimens this year to Prof. Babington, 
labelled R, purpureas, and this name was confirmed by him. The 
plant is remarkably abundant in the Minworth district, often to the 
exclusion of all other forms. I also noticed it in abundance in the 
hedges at Twycross this year (1879), and believe it to be the plant 
named R. concinnus, Baker, and distributed by the late Mr. Bloxam, 
from that district. The bushes in the Appleby Boad, Twycross 
(from which I gathered my specimens), pointed out by Mr. Bloxam, 
had been cut down this year." Prof. Babington writes :— " My 
specimen from Mr. Bloxam's < set ' of 1876 is poor, but I agree 
with Mr. Bagnall in believing this to be " " 

correctly named purpureus." 

Dnjas octopetala, var. pilosa, Bab. Limestone rocks, Blackhead, 
County Clare, 12th May, 1876 ; and Dn/as wtopetala, var. depressa, 

[Several of the plan reported upon have already been noticed in the pages 
of this Journal— Ed. Jouiin. Hot.] 



and 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS, 379 

Bab., limestone rocks, Ben Bulben, County Sligo, 16th July, 1879. 
Both these forms are sent by Mr. S. A. Stewart, who writes that 
the Ben Bulben plant " is a smaller plant than var. pilosa, and very 
glandular. The flowers are small, witb sepals shorter and broader. 
The Clare plant differs from the type in the absence of glands on 
the leaves, and in being more hairy. It is a large-flowered 
conspicuous form, and very abundant. The Ben Bulben plant 
seems rather scarce, and I regret that I have so few specimens to 
send to the Club." Mr. Baker considers these two forms to be 
alike. Prof. Babington accepts them as the vars. a and b of his 

' Manual.' 

Rosa tomentilhi, Leman, var. Nicholsoni, Christ in htt. Mr. 

Nicholson sends this variety from the same locality as var. ([{finis 
[banks of the Ure, Ripon, Yorkshire,] with the following note :— 
Differt a typo aculeis tenuibus, dentibus profundioribus, fere 
simplicifolius ; planta magis glabrata, sepala dorso hispidis, fructu 
ovalis seu rotundato. This rose, collected by my brother on the 
left banks of the Ure near Sharon, Yorkshire, has been named as 
above by Dr. Christ. It has a certain frondosa look, as that form 
is understood in Baker's ' Monograph,' but differs from it m its 
prickles, glandular peduncles, &c." 

R. stytma, Desv., var. evanida, Christ in htt. Sent by Mr. 
George Nicholson from Ham Common, Surrey, 8th September, 
1879, with the following remarks :— " Foliolibus biserratis mmori- 
bus,poene glabrata, sed pedunculis hispidis et stylo elongate stylos® 
Transitus ad stylosa versus caninam biserratum. Last year 1 
noticed a number of bushes of this Rose on Ham Common. It is 
strongly characterised by its numerous flowers its globose fruits, 
and small leaves. Mr. Baker was good enough to examine fresh 
specimens, and as he had not met with the form before I carefully 
went through all the specimens of this section in the Rew 
Herbarium without finding anything near it. I thereupon sent 
the plant to Dr. Christ, of Basle, who pronounced it new, and 
kindly forwarded the above name and diagnosis. A somewhat erect 
bush from five to eight feet high. Prickles on barren stem five- 
eigh hs o?an inch long, and the scar about as deep. Leaves of he 
barren shoot about four inches long, with seven leaflets, .the 
teiminal one an inch and a quarter long by about five -eighths of 
an tech broad, hairs nearly confined to ribs and petiole; the 
serrXn double, teeth acute/ Flowers from six to twelve or more 
te a dus er, the peduncles clothed with weak acicuh and set®. 
Cdvxube globose, naked, sepals little more than half an inch 
Ion- Othe? bushes from the same locality agree thoroughly m all 
reacts with that just described, with the exception of their having 
sepals hispid at the back/' 

SS. by M, B. U W This »£-£££*- -*-£ 

this species, as Mr. Wat 



Wynd 



graphical Botany ' as its southernmost county 
Rutnex, hybrid between pulcher and conyl 



omentitis? Sent by 



380 NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIES. 

Mr. T. E. Archer Briggs, thus named, from roadside, Swilly, near 
Plymouth, South Devon, 4th August, 1879. Dr. Boswell says 
" This seems the same as a plant which I raised from Mr. Briggs's 
seed, and which I have cultivated for many years at Bulmuto, 
where very few fruits ripen. Among the plants raised from the 
seed of the original specimen there are considerable differences, 
some of them inclining towards pulcher, and some of them towards 
conglomerate. I have no doubt about its being a hybrid between 
these two." 

Paimex, hybrid between conglomeratus and pulcher, from Lewes, 
Sussex, September, 1879. Sent by Mr. J. H. A. Jenner with the 
note that " the Hon. J. L. Warren confirms my naming. Both 
■pulcher and conglomeratus grew on the spot. I could get no root 
leaves." Dr. Boswell believes this is " rightly named, though it is 
nearer pulcher than any of my seedings from the Devon plant." 
Mr. T. B. Archer Briggs says that, " had not Mr. Warren con- 
firmed the naming, I might have been disposed to suspect the 
specimen to be only depauperised pulcher, especially as the 
branches have sprung, late in the season, from a stem previously 
cut or broken off. It is much more like pulcher than Plymouth 
examples from Swilly, presumed to be hybrids between conglomeratus 
and this species." 

Potamogeton heterophgllus, Schreb. Mr. A. Bennett sends a 
smgle plant from the canal between Woking and Weybridge, 
Surrey, with stolons from the axils of the upper leaves. (See 
Dr. Boswell's remarks upon this character in P. nitens, E. B., 3rd 
ed., vol. 9, p. 37). 

P. Zizii, Mer. & Koch. Mr. Andrew Brotherston sends a 

farther supply from Cauldshiels Loch, Melrose, Boxburgh, 9th 

August, 1879, to show the difference in general appearance which 

the same species exhibits from the influence of two different kinds 

of seasons. Mr. Brotherston mentions that the specimens sent to 

the Club last year (see Keport for 1878, p. 19 ['Journ. Bot.,' 

1879, p. 252]), "were smaller, more compact and firmer in 

texture, not drawn out like those of 1879. Mr. Baker remarks, 

in last Beport, < that / '. Zizii appears to be a large deep-water 

iorin of P. heterophgllus; &c. So far as I have seen, Zizii 

invariably grows near the edge of the loch in comparatively 

shallow water. The specimens gathered in 1878 were growing 

in water less than one foot deep; in 1879 about two feet. 

1 have seen type heterophyllus in deeper water at Coldingham 

Loch, Berwick. P. pralongus and P. crispus, both of which occur 

at Cauldshiels Loch, prefer the deeper parts, as neither are visible 

from the side, but very long specimens of both are frequently 

washed ashore." 

Ophioglnsswu vulgatinn, L., b. ambiguum, Coss. & Germ. A few 

specimens only were collected by Mr. Charles Bailey, 21st July, 
1879, m the damp sandy ground at the foot of the sandhills, on the 
land side, one mile west of Dyffryn railway station, between 
/fl-nr^. Barmouth, Merioneth lire. It is figured on plate iG 
of bir \\ illiam Hooker's « British Ferns,' and the Welsh specimens 



NOTICES OF BOOKS AND MEMOIRS 



381 



a 

agree well with this figure, though generally smaller in size. The 
variety ambiawm was originally detected more than twenty years 
.__ :Jii.u„ „n^i,^ ft „rim^ nf Paris, and was found shortly afterwards 



in one of the numerous "laiches" at Arcachon. It was hrst 
noticed as a British plant hy Dr. J. T. Boswell, who detected it in 
the Orkney Islands; and Mr. Curnow has recently distributed 
Scilly Islands specimens through the Club The Dyffryn locality 
is therefore, a connecting link between the extreme stations of 
western Europe, from the Orkneys in the north to Arcachon in the 
south. M. Durieu de Maisonneuve finds a separating character 
between 0. vulyatum and 0. hmtanicum in the surface of he 
snores which are tuberculated in the former and smooth in the 
latter.' The spores of the Dyffryn plants are for their size rather 
coarsely reticulated, and not tuberculated. See Ex. Club Beporto, 
1870 p is! and 1877-8, p. 20). Mr. Baker and Dr. Boswell 
ioi fmn the name.— A single specimen sent by Mr. H. Halcro 
Johnston omT new station in Orkney, the fifth station now 
known in that island. It was collected 28th July 1879 m a .pasture 
al the top of crags at the sea-shore at the north-west end of the 

C "S' to „ L. Sent by Mr F. Town^nd from waste 
around (sand) at Christchurch, Hampshire, 19th July, 1879. U>n 
Kd by Prof. Babington « a very interesting discovery of Mr. 

ptS'from Balmuto, July, ^^^^^3 ES£ * 
5 Mr. Baker suppose s t his to b^aj; ar den 1 you ^^ 

flj jwm««»» and 5. ojhc male, between ^^"Vj. t the 

though much nearer S JJJ"-* jfg^.^iW. ; 
shape of the .^j{^ e ^^ BaLgton thinks it may be 
* !!^^A^^ is S - ^11 -i-bust 



a luxuriant form oi » "J""--~ ~r £ d VOU ng plants of it 
as 8. aspern,nn,n (or even ^ mo so , and yo p ^ ^ 

come up ike weeds mih ^HTa i*riJ£ though the 
more deeply divided than that ot , ^ after 



acute. In 



divisions an .more acu^ ^ ^ ^ d ^ bufc th 

fl ° W T/w J ^tubeiles on which they are seated, become apparent 
so-caUedwhitetubeicies,on j S . asperrimum, in which 

only when dry, and axe sma ei tnai ^ to 

they are equally green whil the -plant is alive ^^ £ ^ 

better with DeCaiKlolle « jescuptioii o ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ 
Ledebour's description oi 6. £ rep n , , 

especially the JS^^** tSeT on lower parte of 

Poa urotma, E^-'^X^ on the bank of the Thames, Kew, 
panicle than usual. Naturalised on Nic holaon with the 

| mT ey, 30th June, m w «^ rable » uantity of this species 
following ^-^J' Jew and Mortlake last year, and there 

Z2tt££&« its retaining its holc a specics 



382 



BOTANICAL NEWS. 



comes very near P. nemoralis, L. Considering that it is a native of 
many countries of continental Europe, and that it is also found in 
North America, it does not seem improbable that it may occur in a 
wild state in Britain." 



Articles in Journals. 

October. 

Journal of Linnean Society (London), vol. xviii., no. 108.— 
G. Dickie, 'Algae from the Amazons.'— E. M. Holmes, < Codiolum 
gregarwm, Braun.' - G. Allman, * Anniversary Address.' - Q. 
Murray, < Application of Pringsheim's Researches on Chlorophyll 
r»m!L°i' a LlcheU, '- J - G - Baker > 'Synopsis of Aloine/ and 

,^f n \ B t °^eitschrift.-G. Haberlandt, « Modification of the 
pahsade-web -F de Thvimen, < Symbol* ad floram mycologicam 
a stracum (contd. ; many new species).-F. Krasan, ' Plant-dis- 
W < v in ?° rZ T d Gradisca ' (oontd.)-8. Schulzer. v. Miiggen- 
lZt2 ^ glCal notes -'- M - Gandoger, < Pugillus Plantarum 

X,rnn V ^T UUS - reCte "Wto"' ( for ^ s of Ly cop, Mum 
alpmum and CystoptensJrayUis).-V. v . Borbas, t Flora of Kisnjak.' 

Flora (Sept 21 )._K. Goebel, « On the dorsiventral inflorescence 

SiSfTrf * £v StaM » ' Flora of the Neb ™des' (contd., 

'Ani7c;^° 'I 61 / Diag wo eS ° f new <to*™«*.'-E. Hampe, 
A new German Sphagnum ' (S. subbicolor, n. sp ) 

sphfr? (S.) R MiqU6l) ' StUdi6S ° a ° r « anisms in tbe Ata - 

Bonner* ^X 2* ( B ° tan ^e °th Series, vol. x. pt. L)-G, 
«Z%J? { ft$ Ue F1 ° ra ° f E -pe.'-E. Prilheul \ Spores 

ture^Funrlw ff**? %**-**' H ' Gilburt ' ' 0n the St ™°- 
tuie and Function of the scale-leaves oiLathnea Sqwmaria ' (1 tab). 

lowerTZf' *klFT B < 5**"*' '° U the Morphology of the 
1 tabT f VU fr "W °S «**»**■ lobules in &£*P* ? 

c osinatthS ' J J Vr M S eUer ' rt <0n the 1 uestio " of the disk- 
ciosmg membrane. —J. Moeller, < On Cassia-seed.' 

ad SSZ^tS^ w M ^f Schaa ^chmidt, < Additamenta 

au Aigoiogiam Dacicam (contd.) 

varie^^F^lif "f^i V?* ' ***»"■ chains and its 
and ls?a. r * Similant y bet ™*» Charge* of America 



Botanical Nebs. 



in our w!i° f £' F - *£ WBBB ' which we bliefl y announced 

KLKas&ta rSwisa BritL botanist t 

**** ituutLu. ivir. Webb s early years were spent 






BOTANICAL NEWS. 383 

at Stafford ; lie subsequently went to Birkenhead, where he was 
engaged in commercial pursuits, in the intervals of which he 
devoted much attention to botany. He became a prominent 
member of the Liverpool Field Naturalists' Club; and in 1S68, 
when the Club commenced the issue of their lithographed ' Natu- 
ralists' Scrap-book,' it was he who wrote the pages from which the 
lithographed copies were taken. In 1866, the ' Scrap-book ' was 
succeeded by ' The Liverpool Naturalists' Journal,' in connection 
with which a ' Flora of Liverpool ' was issued, of which Mr. Webb 
was editor, although his name is not attached to it except as a con- 
tributor. About this time Mr. Webb was an active member of the 
Botanical Exchange Club; he shortly afterwards left Liverpool, 
and resided for some time on the Continent. On his return to 
England, he spent a summer in field-work in Cheshire and Kent, 
moving from place to place, and making catalogues and careful 
notes of the plants of each district. For some years before his 
sudden death he filled the post of Curator to the Edinburgh Botanic 
Garden. Although so thoroughly and critically acquainted with 
British plants, and possessing a singularly accurate knowledge of 
continental forms, Mr. Webb published very little: his longest con- 
tribution to the pages of this Journal was a paper ' On Utriatlaria 
neglocta; and on U. Bremii as a British plant' (xiv. 142-147), pub- 
lished in 1876, which sufficiently shows the thoroughness of his 
work. Some estimate of the value of his careful work m con- 
nection with the Edinburgh Herbarium may be formed from the 
« Notes upon some plants in the British Herbarium at the Royal 
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,' which he published rn the ' Trans- 
actions of the Botanical Society ' of Edinburgh in 1867 (vol. xm. 
pp 88-114). His assistance is acknowledged by Mr. Watson in 
'Topographical Botany.' Shortly before his death he had in pre- 
paration for this Journal a series of notes upon British plants, but 
it is to be feared that these will not now be available. We can 
but re-ret that so little of the knowledge which Mr. Webb pos- 
sessed was rendered available for subsequent workers in the same 
field He was about forty years of age at the time of his death. 

Wk learn from < Coulter's Botanical Gazette' (Oct 1880) that 
- the Corporation of Brown University [Rhode Island] has esta- 
blished a botanical professorship, in compliance with the wish of 
the late Stephen F. Olney, who left 25,000 dollars for this pur- 
pose Mr. Olney's Herbarium has been deposited m the 
library building, and will be hereafter known as • the Herbarium 

Olney anum.' " . • - 

Mrs S C. Lewis announces the publication, under the title of 

« Familiar Indian Flowers,' of "thirty coloured plates of some of 

the more familiar flowers found in our Indian gardens, with 

descriptive letterpress 
We 



it 



>» 



been able to include in this year's Journal the Report of the Kew 
Herbarium for 1879, the publication of which we announced last 
month We hope to give the Report in an early number. 



EDITORIAL. 



I cannot let the first year of my editorial connection with 
this Journal pass without saying a word of thanks to those 
who have so ably helped me in my work, and to whom, indeed, 
any value which it may possess is almost entirely due. I have 
tried to follow carefully in the steps of my predecessor in the 
carrying out of my editorial duties; and I trust not altogether 
without success. 



As this is the only botanical Journal in which British 



an 



the wish of the editor for the time being that all information 
regarding British plants should find a permanent record in its 
pages, I feel justified in appealing to those interested in our 
Flora to help me in securing this end. Much of the work done 
by local societies must remain unknown to botanists in general, 
unless some means be taken to bring it before their notice in 
some readily accessible form. I may perhaps be allowed to add 
that this Journal is still in need of financial support, and that 
additional subscribers, as well as additional contributors, will 
be welcome. 

JAMES BEIT TEN. 






INDEX 



Acanthacese of Welwitsch's Her- 
barium, by S. Le M. Moore (tt. 
211—214), 193, 225, 265, 307, 340 

Acanthus nitidus, 232 

Acridocarpus Hirundo, 1 

Acrosticlium achraolepis, 371 ; as- 
pidiolepis, 371 ; asterolepis, 371 

iEchinea diclilamydea, 15 ; Meyeri, 

15 ; multiceps, 49 ; Nottigii, 188; 

organensis, 188 ; petropolitana, 
188 

Agardh, ' De Algis Novse-Zelaiidiie 
marinis' (rev.), 58; 'Florideernes 
Morphologi' (rev.), 58 

Agaricus Emerici, 88 

Agropyrum Caldesii, 188 

Alabastra Diversa, by S. Le M. 
Moore, 1, 37 

Algae of Frith of Forth, 125 

Aloineae, I3aker on, 95 

Alsopliila modesta, 210 

Anglesea, Flora of, 124 

Anslow's Mosses of the Wrekin, 285 

1 Arboretum Segrezianuin,' 285 

Arctic seeds, non-germination of, 

306, 342 
Arenaria ciliata, 378 
'Aroideie Maximilians' (rev.), 59 

Arum italicum, 360 
Arundo Donax, use of, 189 
Asarum europium in Hants ? 87 
Ascobolus viridulus, 156 
Ascomycetes alutaceus, 222 
Asplenium lanceolatum, var. Sinehi, 

244 
Aster Gerlachii, 262 
Astronia samoensis, 3 
Astrostemrna, 187 
Asystasia Charmian, 38 ; 

witschii, 308 (tab. 213) 
Australian Orchids, 125 



Wei- 



Bacillus, Eberth on (rev.), 221 

Bacterium fcetidum, 319 

Bagnall, J. E., Centunculus mini- 
mus in Warwickshire, 277 ; Notes 
on Sutton Park, 285 



Baker, J. G., Ferns collected in 
Sumatra, 209; in Madagascar, 
326,369; anewiEchmea,15; Sy- 
nopsis of Isoetes, 65, 105 ; two 
new Bromeliads, 49 ; on Aloinese 
and Yuccoideae, 95 

Balanopseas, 120 

Balfour, B., expedition to Socotra, 
63, 159 

Barbarea stricta in Worcestershire, 



374 



Barleria alata, 266; Carruthersiana, 
270 ; cyanea, 265 ; polyneura, 
266; salicifolia, 268; stellato- 
tomentosa, 268 ; villosa, 267 ; 
violascens, 265 
Beccari's 4 Sumatran Ferns/ 209 
Beeby, W. H., Cardamine impatiens 
in Kent, 242 ; on West Sussex 
plants, 275 
Bennett, A., Scirpus parvulus, 58, 
375; on Norfolk Plants, 243; 
Potamogeton lanceolatus in Cam- 
bridgeshire, 276; Chara stelli- 
gera, 319 ; Potamogeton tri- 
choides in Suffolk, 318 ; Ranun- 
culus confervoides ? 375 
Bennett and Murray's Reformed 
System of Terminology of the 
Reproductive Organs of Thallo- 
phyta, 346 
Berggren, S., new New Zealand 

Plants, 104 
Bible Plants, 286 
Bibliography, Botanical, 167, 263 
Billbergia Keicliardi, 188 
Blepharis acanthodioides ? 229 ; 
cuanzensis, 230; glumacea, 232; 
noli-me-tangere, 231 ; Wel- 
witschii, 231 
Bodmin, Plants near, 295 
Boletus acris, 351 
Bos well, H., on two new British 

IVTossgs 4(5 
Botanical' Bibliography, 1(37, 268 
Botanical Exchange Club, 288; 
extracts from 1879 report of, 37b 

3d 



386 



INDEX. 



Botanical Nomenclature, 186, 217 
Botanical Becord Club, 288 
Botanisches Centralblatt, 125 
Boulger on distribution of British 
Flora, 62 

Brachytliecium salebrosum, 48, 84, 
120 

Braithwaite's ' British Moss Flora 
(rev.), 247 

Briggs, T.R.A., < Flora of Plymouth ' 
(rev.), 281 ; on plants near Bod- 
min, 295 

British Museum Herbarium, acqui- 
sitions to, 96, 128, 320 ; removed 
to South Kensington. 288, B20; 
Report of Department of Botany 
for 1879, 219 

'British Moss-flora' (rev.), 247 

Britten, J., Note on Mieraa, 20; 
Hutckinsia alpina in Britain ? 
375; 'European Ferns' (rev.), 
152; 'Dictionary of English 
Plant-names' (rev.), 251 

Briza maxima in Jersey, 119 

Bromelia ? Itatiaieae, 188 

Bromeliads, two new, from Bio 
Janeiro, 49 

Brown, N. E., Beview of Engler's 

Araceae, 21 
Bryum Origanum, 46 ; rufum, 95 
Buchenau's review of Juncacese, 93 

Cacoucia velutina, 2 
Calamagrostis hyperborea, 222 
Calophanes Hildebrandtii, 8 ; radi- 

cans, 197; thunbergiasflora, 8 
Cambridgesliire, Potamogeton lan- 

ceolatus in, 276 
Capsici anomali, 42 
Cardamine bracteata, 1 ; Hayneana, 

202, 342 ; impatiens in Kent, 242 ; 

pratensis and its segregates, 199 
Cardanthera justicioides, 6 

Carduus crispus, monstrous form 
of, 95 

Carex Buchanani, 104 ; Drejeriana, 
222 

Carnarvonshire, Flora of, 124 
Carruthers, W., Beport for 1879 of 
Bot. Dept. of British Museum, 
219 ; Memoir of John Miers, 33 ; 
of W. P. Schimper, 182 

Castracane on the striaj in Diatoms, 
187 

Cearu India Rubber, 321 

C Irus Libani var. brevifolia, 31 

Centunculus minimus in Warwick- 
shire, 277 



Cephalanthera rubra, 245 
Cesia obtusa, 243, 276, 318 
Chaetopteris plumosa, 158 
Chara aspera, 129 ; canescens, 134 ; 

connivens, 103; fragifera, 102; 

fragilis, 101 ; hispida, 131 ; poly- 

acantha, 131 ; stelligera, 319 ; 

tomentosa, 130; vulgaris, 133 
Characeae, Keview of the British, 

by H. and J. Groves, 97, 129, 161 

(tt. 207—210) ; Halstead's Amer- 

can (rev.), 25 

Chinese plants, 257, 299 

Christy's ' Commercial Plants,' 94 

Clarke (C. B.) on Commelinacese, 
127 

Classification of Plants, 249 
Clastoderma, 223 
Clematis leptomera, 257 
Codiolum gregarimn, 159, 382 
Coffee-leaf Disease, 30, 314 
Colchicum autumnale, spring-fiow- 

ering form of, 145, 185 
Commelinacese, 127 
Cooke, M. C, appointed to Kew 

Herbarium, 256 
Cornwall Plants, 277, 295 
Corydalis suaveolens, 258 
Crocus, Maw's monograph of, 155 
Crossandra Greenstockii, 37 
Curculigo, a fibre-yielding, 219 
Cyathea schizochlamys, 209; su- 

matrana, 209 
Cyperus tegetiformis, 245 

Da dalea polymorpha, 254 
Dalhousiea africana, 2 
Damiana, source of, 20 
DeCandolle, Alph., on Botanical 

Nomenclature, 217 ; ' Phyto- 

graphie ' (rev.), 278 

Decaisne's ' Miscellanea Botanica,' 
187 

DecaisiHilla, 156 

Delacourea, 156 

• Desert Plants of Egypt ' (Wilkin- 
son's), 224 

Devon Plants, 9, 158 

Diatomaceie, Habirshaw's Cata- 
logue of, 288 

Didymeles, 122 

Diospyros Morrisiana, 299 

Donegal, Flora of, 271, 330 

Dorset Plants, 1 , 

Dracoplivllum Kirkii, 104 
Druce, (i. C, Flora of Northamp- 
tonshire, 42, 79, 116 

Dublin Natural History Society, 280 






INDEX. 



387 



Dyer, W. T. T., Lattakia Tobacco, 
203 ; elected Fellow of the Royal 
Society, 224; a fibre-yielding 
Curculigo, 219 ; Ningpo hats, 244 



English Plant-names ' 



East Biding, Moss-flora of, 349 
Earle's c "' ~" 

(rev.), 251 
Eberth on Bacillus (rev.), 221 
Eggers' Flora of St. Croix, 91 
Ehretia resinosa, 290 
Elwes's Monograph of Lilium 

(rev.), 246 
Engler, A., Monograph of Araceae 
(rev.), 21 ; on Evolution of the 
Vegetable Kingdom, 155 
Enteromorpha marginata in Bri- 
tain, 374 
Epilobium, hybrids m, 284 
Epping Forest and Essex Nat. 

Field Club, 64 
Eragrostis Nevinii, 302 
Essex, Silene Otites in, 344 
Ettingshausen on Eocene Flora ot 
Sheppey, 28 ; on fossil plants ot 

Alum Bay, 146 
Eucalyptus Globulus, 350 
Euonymus Forbesii, 259 
Euphorbium, Gum, new use for, 

318, 373 
Eurotium glaucum, 126 

Exoascus Wiesneri, 287 

Fawcett, W., appointed Assistant 
in Department of Botany, British 

Museum, 288 
Ferns of Sumatra, 209 ; Madagas- 
car, 326, 802 
Festuca pseudovma, 18H 
Fissidens holomitrius, 358 ; serru- 
latus, 47 ; various species ot, doy 
Fitch, W. H., pensioned, 160 
Fitzgerald's Australian Orchids, llo 
« Flora Brasdiensis,' resumption ot, 

Flower, T. B., Somersetshire Ferns, 

374 

Fungi, new British, 20, 156, Uo ; 

new Irish, 345 ^^^ rlnh 
Fungus i> 

352 

Galtonia, 187 . 

fkiodenoiu&'s Herbarium, lob 

qZ ?££) on Botanic! Nomen- 
Mature 186; Mesembnanthe- 
^"not Mesembryuntheumm, 

343 



Griffith's Flora of Carnarvonshire 

and Anglesea, 124 
Grisebach's Herbarium bequeathed 

to Gottingen University, 32 
Groves, H. & J., review of British 

Characese, 97, 129, 161 ; list of 

South London plants, 252 
Groves, J., Polygonum maritimum 

in Cornwall, 277 
Gum Euphorbium, new use for, 

318, 372 
Gymnomitrium obtusum, 243, 276, 

318, 337, 375 

Habirshaw's Catalogue of Diato- 

niaceie, 288 
Halstead's American Charace* 

(rev.), 25 
Hampshire Botany, 50 

Hance, H. F., two new Primulacece, 

234; Spicilegia Flora sinensis, 

257, 299 
Hansen's * Des organismes dans la 

biere (rev.), 153 

Hart, H. C, Botany of British 
Polar Expedition, 52, 70, 111, 
141, 177, 204, 235, 303; Flora of 
N.-W. Donegal, 271,330; Non- 
germination of Arctic seeds, 342 

Helvella califomica, 125 

Hemileia vastatrix, 30, 315 
Hemsley'sBiologia;Centrali-Ameri- 

cana (Botany, rev.), 88 ; Diagno- 
ses of Mexican Plants, 155 

Henslow's Botany for Children, 124 

Hepaticse, New British, 243 

Herniaria hirsuta, 51, 381 

Herts, Ranunculus vulgatus in, 242 

Hibbertia, 350 

Hiernia angolensis, 196 (tab. 211). 

Hiem, W. P., on Botanical Biblio- 
graphy, 263 

Hitchin, Flora of, 124 

Hobkirk, C. P., on Mosses from the 
Lochlee "Craunog," 14; Moss- 
flora of West Biding of Yorkshire, 

19 

Holland and Britten's Dictionary of 

English Plant-names (rev.), 251 
Holmes, E. M., Distribution of 

Hypnum salebrosum, 84, 120; 

rare British Plants, 374 
How-e, T., Leucobryum glaucum 

in fruit, 185 ; Trichomanes radi- 

cans in France, 344 
Hutchinsia alpina in Britain? 375 
Hybrid Epilobia, I I 
Hygrophila uliginosa, 197 



388 



INDEX. 






Hymenomycetes, Karsten on (rev.), 
222 

Hypnum Borrerianum, 290 ; clenti- 
culatum, 353 ; elegans, 289, 291 ; 
Mildeanum, 86 ; salebrosum, 48, 
84, 120 ; Sullivantize, 354 

Hypoestes antennifera, 41 ; calli- 
coma, 41 ; strobilifera, 40 

Index perfectus ad ' Species Plant- 
arum,' 222 

India-rubber, Ceara, 321 

Ireland, Trifolium maritimum in, 

233 ; plants of, 271 
Isle of Wight Plants, 366 
Isochoriste africana, 309 
Isoetes, Synopsis of species of, 65, 

105 ; adspersa, 106 ; sequinoctialis, 

108 ; alpina, 70 ; amazonica, 109 ; 
azorica, 67; Bolanderi, 68 ; Bory- 
ana, 107; brachyglossum, 109; 
Butleri, 105 ; coromandelina, 

109 ; cubana, 110 ; Drummondii, 
70; dubia, 107; Duricei, 110; 
echmospora, 67 ; elatior, 66 ; 
Engelmanni, 105 ; flaccida, 106 ; 
Gardneriana, 110; Gunnii, 66; 
Hystrix, 110; japonica, 109; 
Kirkii, 69 ; lacustris, 67 ; Lech- 
leri, 68; Malinverniana, 106; 
melanopoda, 105 ; melanospora, 
69 ; Muelleri, 69 ; nigritiana, 108 ; 
Nuttallii, 105; olympica, 108; 
Peralderiana, 107 ; pygmzea, 67 ; 
npana, 69; saccharata, 69; 
Schweinfurthii, 108; setacea, 
106; Stuartii, 68; tegulensis, 
107; tenuissima, 107; tripus, 
109 ; triquetra, 66 ; Tuckerniani, 
68 ; velata, 106 ; Welwitschii, 108 

Lsopterygium, 295 

Jackson, B. D., on Bees' Cyclope- 
dia, 87 ; Botanical Bibliography 
167; Potentilla Sibbaldi, 277 • 
elected Secretary of Linnean 
Society, 192 

Jackson, J. R., a new use for Gum 

Euphorbium, 318, 372 
Jersey, Briza maxima in, 119- 

Silene eu-gallica in, 146 ' 

Journals, articles in : — 

Abhandl. vom Natur. Vereine 
zu Bremen, 189 

American Naturalist, 27, 61 94 
156, 254, 287, 351 ' ' 

Ann des Sc. Nat., 26, 94, 156, 
264, 287, 382 



Bot. Gazette (Coulter's), 351 
Bot. Notiser, 27, 60, 126, 188, 
223, 350 

Bot. Zeitung, 27, 94, 126, 156, 

188, 223, 254, 287, 320, 351, 382 
Brebissonia, 125, 382 
Bull. Bot. Soc. Belg., 27, 94 
Bull. Bot. Soc. France, 26 
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 125, 254, 

287, 320, 351, 382 
Cohn's Beitrage, 60 
Flora, 27, 60, 95, 126, 189, 223, 

254, 287, 320, 351, 382 
Grevillea, 27, 156, 223 
Hedwigia, 27, 60, 94, 120, 156, 

188, 223, 254, 287, 319, 350 

Journ. Boyal Microscopical Soc, 
254 

Linnaea, 350 

Linn. Soc. Lond. Journ., 155,319, 
382 

Linn. Soc. Lond. Trans., 125, 319 
Magyar Nov. Lapok, 61, 94, 126, 

156, 188, 223, 254, 287, 350, 382 
Midland Naturalist, 351 
Naturalist (Huddersfield), 95, 

126, 156, 188, 254, 287, 320, 

351, 382 

Nuovo Giornale, 125, 188, 287 
GEsteiT. Bot. Zeitschr., 27, 61, 

94, 126, 156, 188, 254, 287, 

319, 350, 382 

Pop. Science Eeview, 287 

Quart. Journ. Micr. Science, 125, 
188 

Quekett Micr. Soc. Journ., 126 
Revue Bryologique, 350 
Boyal Micr. Soc. Journ., 126, 254 
Royal Soc. Proceedings, 319 
Science-Gossip, 189, 254, 319 
Scottish Naturalist, 94, 188, 287 
Silliman's Journal, 319 
Julella, 156 

Juncacea*, Buchenau's review of, 
93 

Juncus Radula, 93 ; similis, 93 
Jungermannia exsecta in fruit, 145 ; 

new British (J. socia), 375 
Justicia Anselliana, 42 ; brevicaulis, 

341 ; droseroides, 313 (tab. 214) ; 

extensa,341; beta, 311; Lazarus, 

313; lolioides, 310 (tab. 214); 

monechmoides, 311 ; mossame- 

dea, 312 ; Nepeta, 312 ; Salsola, 

340 ; scabrida, 310 



Karsten on Hymenomycetes (rev.), 






INDEX. 



389 



Kent, South London Flora, 252 ; 

Cardamine impatiens in, 242 ; 

Jungermannia exsecta fruiting 

in, 145 ; plants of, 374 
Kew, Herb, of Dr. S. Goodenough 

presented to, 256; Students' 

Garden opened, 82 
Kippist, R., retired from Librarian- 
ship of Linn. Soc, "256 
Kitching's Madagascar Ferns, 326, 

369 
Kitton on Diatomace^, 253 
Kosteletzkya acuminata, 91 
Kuntze's (0.) Methodik der Species- 

beschreibung und Rubus (rev.), 91 

Lattakia Tobacco, 203 ; 
Lavallee's * Arboretum Segrezia- 

niim,' 285 
Lecanora umbrino-fusca, 374 
Leitneriese, 120 
Lepidagathis Medusae, 39 ; myrti- 

folia, 38 ; pallescens, 308 ; peni- 

culifera, 39 
Leptorhaa, 155 
Leucobryum glaucum in fruit, 185, 

218, 242 
Lichen, new British, 374 
Lilium, Elwes' Monograph of (rev.), 

245 
Lochlee "Crannog," Mosses from, 

14 

Loranthus bibracteolatus, 301 

Luminous Fungus, 88 

Luzula effusa, 93 
Lychnothamnus alopecuroides, 161 

Madagascar, Ferns collected in, 

326, 369 

M* Alpine's Biological Atlas (rev.), 

122 

Manihot Glaziovii (tab. 215), 321 
Maw's Monograph of Crocus, 155 
Medinilla halogeton, 3 
Melvill, J. C, Briza maxima in 
Jersey, 120 ; Silene eu-gallica in 

Jorscv 146 

Mesembrianthemum, not Mesem- 

bryanthemum, 343 
Meyenia, 195 
Micnea, Note on, 20 
Microgonidium, Minks on (rev.), 

123 

Midland Naturalist 349 

Miers, John, Memoir of (portrait), 

33 

MiUettia cordata, 260 

Minks on Mirtroffonidium (rev.), 123 






Moore, S. Le M., Acanthaceae of 
Welwitsch's Herbarium, 193, 225, 
265, 307, 340 (tt. 211—214); 
Alabastra diversa (Part 3), 1, 37; 
resigned his post in Kew Her- 
barium, 64 

Moore, T., review of Britten's 
* European Ferns/ 152 

More, A. G., Trifolium maritiinuni 

in Ireland, 233 
Morren's ' Correspondance Botan- 

ique,' 32 
Mosses, Fossil, 14 ; new British, 46 
Moss-flora, British, by R. Braith- 

waite (rev.), 247; of the East 

Riding, 349 ; of the West Riding, 

19 

Mueller's Index Perfectus, 222 ; 
Arrangement of Vegetable King- 
dom, 249; 'Eucalyptographia,' 
350 ; * Fragmenta,' 350 

Murie, Dr. J., elected Librarian to 
Linnean Society, 351 

Murray, G., Leucobryum glaucum 
in fruit, 218; on diffusion of 
conidia of Phytophthora infes- 

tans, 376 
Murray and Bennett's Reformed 
System of Terminology of the 
Reproductive Organs of Thallo- 

phyti, 346 
Musci praeteriti, by R. Spruce, 289, 

353 

Mycoderma Pasteurianum, 155 

Myrmecodia, 127 

1 Names of Herbes' (Turner's), re- 
print of, 160 

Navicella, 156 

Neckera niediterranea, 350 

Neopkofitzia bicalcarata, 127 

Nepenthes, 320 ; Dyak (tab. 206), 1 

Nepeta Manchuriensis, 5 

Nephrodium debile, 212 ; eminens, 
213; eurostotrichum, 329; ne- 
bulosum, 213 ; singalanense, 212 

Neuracanthus africanus, 37; de- 
curvus, 307 ; niveus, 37 ; scaber, 

307 
Newman's ■ British Ferns,' 125 

New Books, 26, 60, 94, 155, 188, 
222, 253, 286, 319, 350 

New Phanerogamous Plants pub- 
lished in England in 1879, 147 

New Zealand Plants, 104 

Nicholson, G., Spergula arvensis 
and its segiv Ljates, 16 ; Cardamine 
Hayneana, '202, 342; Cardamine 



390 



INDEX. 



pratensis and its segregates, 199 ; 

Tolypella glonierata in Yorkshire, 

373 
Nidularium Antoineanum, 188 ; 

Ferdinando-coburgi, 188 ;|gigan- 

teum, 50 
Ningpo Hats, 244 
Nitella capitata, 167 ; flexilis, 161 ; 

gracilis, 164; mucronata, 165; 

opaca, 165 ; syncarpa, 167 ; tenu- 

issinia, 163 ; translucens, 166 
Nitzschia, 354 
Norfolk Plants, 243, 319 
Northamptonshire, Flora of, 42, 

79, 116 
Notholsena Lemmoni, 254 
Nummularia gigas, 155 

Obituary : — 

Andersson, N. J., 192 

Andrews, "W., 256, 286 

Atthey, J., 224 

Austin, C. F., 192 

Bauke, H., 32 

Bell, T., 128 

Fortune, R., 160 

Frost, C. C, 223 

Godet, C. H., 96 

Hartig, T., 160 

HiU, E. S., 224 

Iinray, W., 320 

Johnson, C, 351 

Klaboch, F., 224 

Lindheimer, F., 96 

Munro, W. f 96 

O'Meara, E., 128 

Sartori, J., 352 

Scheffer, R. H. C. C, 160 

Schimper, W., 160 

Scott, J., 2*24 

Sjostrand, M. G., 160 

Stansfield, A., 320 

Tommasini, M., 160 

Webb, E. H., 128 

Webb, F. M., 352, 383 
Olney's Herbarium, 383 
Ophioglossum ambiguum, 380 
Orchis hircina reported from N. 

Wales, 184 
Orchids, Australian, 1*25 
Otomeria oculata, 4 
Oxfordshire Nat. Hist. Soc. formed, 

256 ; French's MS. Flora, 96 
Oxyglossum japonicum, 223 

4 Paxton's Flower-garden/ new 

issue of, 350 
Pearson, W. H., on GymnomitiLum 



obtusum, 276, 337 ; a new British 

Jungermannia, 375 
Pellaea Kitchingii, 327 
Pentanisia ouranogyne, 4 
Petalidium, conspectus of, 228 ; 

coccineum, 225 ; glandulosum, 

226 ; Lepidagathis, 227 ; loran- 

thifolium, 227 ; physaloides, 225 

(tab. 212) ; rupestre, 226 ; Wel- 

witschii, 227 (tab. 212). 
Peyritsch's Aroideie Maximilianae 

(review), 59 
Peziza araneo-cincta, 345 ; elec- 

trina, 345; hirto-coccinea, 156; 

indiscreta, 156 ; mistune, 345 ; 

nuda, 156 
Phacidium tetrasporurn, 346 
Phanerogams, new genera and 

species of, published in 1879, 147 
Phaylopsis angolaua, 229 ; obliqua, 

229 

Phillips,W., Botany of Shrewsbury, 

285 ; Shropshire Plants, 343 
Photinia crenato-serrata, 261 
Phyllachne Haastii, 104 
Phytophthora infestans, 376 
Piesse's ' Art of Perfumery,' 93 
Pithecolobium zanzibaricum, 2 
Plagiorhegma, 258 

Plagiothecium Borrerianum, 290 ; 
denticulatum, 353 ; elegans, 289 ; 
Sullivan the, 354; sylvaticum, 357 

Plymouth, Flora of (rev.), 281 

Poa serotina, 381 

Polar Expedition, Botany of 52, 
70, 111, 141, 177, 204, 235, 303 

Polygonum maritimum in Corn- 
wall, 277 

Polypodium asterosorum, 214 ; cos- 

tulatum, 215; cryptophlebium, 

370 ; holophlebium, 370 ; macro- 

chasmum, 216 ; macrorhyncum, 

370; nutans, 214; padangense, 

213; quinquefidum,216; Shai*pi- 

anum, 369; subsparsum, 215; 

sumatranum, 214 ; torulosum, 215 

Polyporus, a prehistoric, 222 

Polysiphonia fastigiata, 255 

Potamogeton heterophyllus, 380 ; 

lanceolatus in Cambridgeshire, 

277; trichoides in East Suffolk, 

praelongus in Shropshire, 343; 
Zizii, 380 

Potato-fungus, Report on, 376 
Potentilla Fritsiana, 222 ; Ranun- 
culus, 222 ; Sibbaldi, 277 
Prantl's Text- book of Botany 
(rev.), 245 



INDEX. 



391 



Preston, T. A., on a spring-flowering 

form of Colcliicuni autunmale,185 
Primula obconica, 234 
Prior's Popular Names of British 

Plants (rev.), 25 
Pryor, B. A., Eanunculus vulgatus 

in Herts, 242 ; Silene Otites in 

Essex, 344 

Pteris oligoclictyon, 328 ; platysora, 
211 ; Eadula, 211 ; reducta, 211 
Pyrola secunda, 379 

Quesnelia, species of, 254 

Eadula Lindenbergii, 243 
Eamularia cryptostegiae, 345 
Eanunculus confervoides ? in Bri- 
tain, 344, 375 ; vulgatus in Herts, 
242 
Bees's Cyclopaedia, 87 
Eehrnannia glutinosa, 300 
Reviews : — 

Monographic Phanerogamarum: 

Araceae. By A. Engler, 21 

Classification and Description of 

the American Species of Cha- 

racese. By B. D. Halstead, 25 

On the Popular Names of British 

Plants. By B, C. A. Prior, 25 

Florideernes Morphologi. Af 

J. G. Agardh, 58 
De Algis Novae-Zelandisernarinis. 

J. G. Agardh, 58 
Aroideae Maximilianae. By Dr. 

Peyritsch, 59 

Biologia Centrali-Americani (Bo- 
tany), 88 

Methodik der Species beschrei- 
bung und Bub us. Von Dr. 0. 

Kuntze, 91 
Biological Atlas. By D. and A. 

N. M'Alpine, 122 
Das Microgonidium. Von Dr. A. 

Minks, 123 
Botany for Children. By Rev. 

G. Henslow, 124 
European Ferns. By James 

Britten, 152 

Contributions a la connaissance 
des organismes qui peuvent se 
trouver dans la biere et le 
mout de biere et y vivre. Par 
E. C. Hansen, 153 

Ueber einen neuen patliogenen 
Bacillus. ByC.J.Eberth,221 

Rysslands, Finlands och den 
Skandinaviska Halfons Hatts- 
vampar. By P. A. Karsten, 222 



Elementary Text-book of Botany. 

Dr. K. Prantl, 245 
Monograph of the genus Lilium. 

By H. J. Elwes, 246 
British Moss-flora. By E. Braith- 

waite, 247 
Plants indigenous in the Neigh- 
bourhood of Sydney. By W. 
Woolls, 249 
English Plant-Names from the 
10th to the 15th Centurv. By 
J. Earle, 251 
A Dictionary of English Plant- 
Names. By J. Britten and E. 
Holland, 251 
La Phytographie. Par Al[h. 

DeCandolle, 278 
Eeforme de la Nomenclature Bo- 
tanique. Par le Dr. Saint- 
Lager, 278 
Proserpina. By J. Buskin, 278 
Flora of Plymouth. By T. E. 
A. Briggs, 281 
Eidley, H. N., appointed Assistant 
in Bot. Department, British 
Museum, 192 ; on a spring- 
flowering form of Colchicum 
autumnale, 185 
Eogers, W. M., on South-east 
Devon Plants, 9 ; Asaruni euro- 
paeum in Hants, 87 ; Dorset 
Plant-stations, 135; Isle of Wight 
Plants, 366 
Eolfe, R. A., appointed Jun. As- 
sistant in Herb. Kew, 224 
Eosa corrugata, 188 ; micrantha, 
283 ; stylosa, var. evanida, 379 ; 
tomentella, var. Nicholsoni, 379 
Bostrella, 156 
Rubus corylifolius, 378 ; paradoxus, 

2 ; saltuum, 378 
Ruellia amabilis, 7 ; bignoni;eflora, 
198; diversifoha, 198; sclero- 
chiton, 7 
Eugby School Nat. Hist. Soc. Re- 
port, 187 
Eumex hybrids, 379 
Buskin's Proserpina (rev.), 278 

St. Croix, Flora of, 93 
Saint-Lager's Eeforme de la No- 
menclature Botanique (rev.), 278 
Salvia clandestina in Kent, 374 
Schimper, \V. P.. Memoir of, 182 
Scirpus parvulus erroneously re- 
corded for Surrey, 58, 375 
Sebaea oldenlandioides, 4 
Sheppey, Eocene Flora of, 28 



392 



Index. 



Selaginella Beccariana, 217 ; ma- 
dagascariensis, 372 ; Melleri, 372 

Shrewsbury, Botany of, 285 

Shropshire Plants, 343 

Silene eu-gallica in Jersey, 146 ; 
Otites in Essex, 344 

Simblum rufescens, 125 

Siphonoglossa nummularia, 40 

Siphonostegia lseta, 5 

Societies : — 

Geologists' Association, 62 

Linnean Society of London, 29, 
61, 95, 126, 158, 189, 255 

Eoyal Society, 27, 156 
Somersetshire Ferns, 374 
Spergula arvensis, segregates of, 16 

Sphsoria Bidwellii, 320 ; hyperici, 
155 

Split rotheca Nieslii, 222 

Sphagnum subbicolor, 382 

Spicilegia Flora Sinensis, by H. F. 
Hance, 257, 299 

Spruce, E., Musci praeteriti, 289, 353 

Stabler, G., Leucobryum glaucum 
in fruit, 242; New British Hepa- 
tic®, 243 ; Cesia obtusa, 243, 318 

Staffordshire, N. Field Club Ke- 
port, 187 

Stellularia, 187 

Stimpsonia crispidens, 234 

Stuartella, 156 

Suffolk, E., Potamogeton trichoides 
in, 317 

Sumatra, Ferns of, 209 

Surrey, Scirpus parvulus errone- 
ously recorded for, 58, 375; 
South London Flora, 252 

Sussex Plants, 275 

Symphytum peregrinum, 57, 381 

Taylor, A., appointed Assistant Sec. 

to Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 64 
Technology, Vegetable, Catalogue 

of, 252, 288 

Thallophytes, Terminology of re- 
productive Organs of, 346 

Thlaspi goesingense, 254 

Thunbergia affinis, 5, 194; ango- 
lensis, 195 ; arcnipotens, 195 ; 
Cycnium, 194 ; huillensis, 194 ; 
hyalina, 195 ; Schweinfurthii, 6 

Thiimen (von), on a prehistoric 
Polyporus, 222 

Tillandsia globosa, 287 ; incana, 287 

Tobacco, Lattakia, 203 



Tococa coriacea, 3 

Tolypella glomerata, 162, 373 ; in- 

tricata, 162, 163 ; prolifera, 162 
Towndrow, B. F., Barbarea stricta 

in Worcestershire, 374 
Townsend, F., Hampshire Botany, 

50 
Trail's Algae of Firth of Forth, 125 

Trichomanes radicans in France, 

344 
Trifolium maritimum in Ireland, 

233 
Trimen, EL, on Ceara India-rubber 

(Manihot Glaziovii);(tab.215), 321 
Tripterygium Bullockii, 259 
Turnera aphrodisiaca, 20 

Vaucheria Debaryana, 254 
Vegetable Technology, Catalogue 

of, 252, 288 
Verlotia, 156 
Virgin Islands, Flora of, 93 

Vriesialtatiatiae,287; Morreni,287; 
Phillipocoburgi, 287 

Walker, T., Jungermannia exsecta 
in fruit, 145 

Ward, Marshall, on the coffee-leaf 
disease, 314 

Warner, F. I., Leucobryum glau- 
cum in fruit, 218 

Warwickshire, Centunculus mini- 
mus in, 277 ; Cryptogamic Flora 
of, 349 

Wellington College Nat. Science 
Society, 349 

White, J. W., Spring-flowering 

form of Colchicum officinale, 145 

Wilkinson's Desert Plants of Egypt, 
524, 253 

Willkomm on Spanish Plants, 253 

Wiltshire Plants, 95 

Wood's Field Naturalists' Hand- 
book, 253 

Woolls' Plants of Sydney (rev.), 249 

Worcestershire, Barbarea stricta in, 
374 

Yorkshire Mosses, 19, 349 ; Natu- 
ralists' Union, Transactions of, 
349; Tolypella glomerata in, 373 

Yuccoidea, Baker on, 95 

Zingiber corallinum, 301 



893 



ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA. 



Pace 20 line S from top, for u Woodhope,/ read Wool hope. 
° 21 2 for •' Trelcase," read Trelease. 

70 6 from bottom, for " Dychnis" read Lychnis. 

73 u „ /or "45," mid 4-5. 

75 14 from top, for M 71V read - 71°. 

88 5 M ; or n Arteriolomy," read Artenotomy. 

6 ., for M Arkery," read Artery. 
94 12 „ /or " Bentley," read Bentham. 

103 8 from bottom, for " Slapton, Sands/' read Slapton Sands. 

155 8 „ for " Street," read Salop. 

M 8 from top, for M or," read on. 

159 10 from bottom, for " 6000," read 000. 

170 top line, for " sire," read sive. 

188 line 24 from bottom, /or " Waruztorf," read Warnztorf. 
197 16 from top, for " indicated," read indurated 

229 bottom line, for " acanthorioides: read acanthodioides. 
245 line 2 from bottom, for "affected," read effected 

4 „ for " as," read are. 

M /o r •« endogonida," read endogonidia. 

252 10 from top,/or "Ziirich," read Basel. 

254 4 from bottom, /or - Northolama," read Nothotena. 

a5 6 18 „ for "month," read March. 

318 lines 5 and 21 from bottom, for " acid," read acrid. 

881 line 30 from top, /or "bog," read bay. 

13 from bottom, for " Fanan, read t ataan. 



If 



.»»>* 




2 from bottom, p. 334, line 20 from top, and p. 885, hue S3 mm 

to?) for " Ramullan," read Rathmullan. 
10 „ for " Nunekirk," read Muckish. 



335 7 from top, /or " Fauct," read Fanet. 



Carraleen 



„ Jin es IX an« » ««- ^.J" m - g ^ isll> .; rfiad Anghuish . 

" line 8 trom' bottom"/«>r " Tramote," r.ad Tramore 
&&' and U from iUom./or-G knvor,' read Glenvar. 



K S ai from bottom, >;; = <&e.bber " read Callaber. 
20, for " Muchish," read MtuHash. 
iar -1 from top, for " Phacidum," read Pliacidium 

nS Th* words - Cttpo-onium. Carpospbere, and Carposperm, wb»h 
' U8 ' T, '\tod lo W e 8 Un°the second column, should face Ascomycetes on 



p. 34!). 



Directions for placing the Plates. 



Tab. 20(5 to face page 1 



207 

208 

209 

210 

211 

212 

213 
214 

215 



J? 



?> 



J1 



V 



5J 



11 



t> 



t» 



it 



101 
131 
1G1 
164 

197 
225 
308 
310 
825 



The portrait iti February No. to be tho frontispiece. 



west, m:\vman and co., nun 



, 54, IIATTON HEN, LONDON, E.t .