Transactions of the Linnean Society.

5»

THE

TRANSACTIONS

ae OF THE

LINNEAN SOCIETY

OF

LONDON.

VOLUME VIII.

PRINTED BY
“RICHARD TAYLOR AND CO., SHOE-LANE, FLEET-STREET.
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S HOUSE, NO. 9, GERARD-STREET, SOHO;
: AND BY JOHN WHITE, FLEET-STREET.
— NA D oe
MDCCCVII.
MISSOURI |
Š BOTANICAL

s

“CONTENTE

I. Osszavartons on the Perigynous Insertion of the Stamina
of Plants. By Richard Anthony Salisbury, Esq.
FR-S. VPLS. E - - 2» DC I
E 7 rd : en e i cca ll
IIl. A eccrine Catalogue of the British Testacea. By
William George Maton, M.D. V.P.L.S., &c. and the

Reverend Thomas Ré See ey Fe. pP.

III. Some Account of the Pit
dad, in two Lette The ef

Obseroations ty A M Hatchett
IV. Description of a a [o5 Species of Lichen. By Dawson
Turner, Esq. F RS AS:ad LS. o- - p. £60

V. Account

vi : CONTENTS.

V. Account of crystallized Oxalic Acid produced from the
Boletus sulphureus. By Robert Scott, M.D. of Dublin.

Communicated by Dawson Turner, Esq. F.R.S. A.S.
and L.S. - - - - =<

VI. Observations respecting a Species of Phalarope, and some
other rare British Birds. By Mr. T. W. Simmonds.
Communicated by Adrian Hardy Haworth, Esq.

-ELS - i Se a - p-

VII. An Account of some remarkable Shells, found in Cavities.
of a calcareous Stone called by the Stone-masons Ply-

mouth-rag. By William George Maton, M.D. V.P.L.S.

— $c, and the Rev. Thomas Rackett, A.M. F.L.S. 4c.

With some additional. Observations relative to the My-
tilus lithophagus, by. Mr. J ames Sowerby, F.L, S. ps
VIII. l Account ep the Tonus triflorus of oo gis. in a Let-
ter to Alexander M‘Leay, Esq. Sec. L.S. By James
. Edward Smith, AED, F.R. S. PLS ues

IX. Description of a Spids of Jerboa found in the upper

Provinces of Hindustan, between Benares and gue RÀ s !

By Lieut. Col. Thomas Hardwicke, F.L.S. ^ -' p.

med | 3 oe

X. Characters of Three New Species of Boronia. By James
Edward Smith; M.D. FERS: P.L.S. MeL acp

262

264,

270

276

219

282

XI. 4n

CONTENTS.

XI. An Account of a Storm of Salt, which fell in January,

1808. By Richard Anthony Salisbury, Esq. F.R.S.
and L.S. B - - - - p-

XI. Description of Seven New Species of Plants from
— New Holland. By Edward Rudge, Esq. F.R.S. and
L.S. - - - z £ p.

XIII. Observations on the Genera of Trollius, Eranthis, Hel-

leborus, Coptis, and Isopyrum. By Richard Anthony
Salisbury, Esq. F.R.S. and L.S. - - p-

XIV. The Characters of several Genera in the Natural Order
of Conifere: with Remarks on their Stigmata and
Cotyledons. By Richard opos Salisbury, Esq.
F.R.S. and L.S. - - E - p-

XV. Description of a New Species of Macropus from New
Holland. By Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. F.R.S.
V.P.L.S. - - m I P

XVI. Experiments upon a Substance called Dapéche from
— South America. By William Allen, E. : L. S, — p.

XVII. aan: of a New British Species, of Caltha. By
Thomas Furly Forster, B PLS - - p.

XVIII. Description of a New Genus in the Natural Order
of Rubiacee, called R udgea. By Richard Anthony
Salisbury, Esq. F.R.S. and L.S. — - - p.

vill

286

291

300

308
318
320

323

325

XIX. 4 Neo

Society, continued —
the Society's Trans-

£s : 3

Page 313 of Vol. VII. o

E 3 ; : A

d Lu X

"TRANSACTIONS

LINNEAN SOCIETY.

£

I. Observations on the Perigynous Ingo of the Stamina of
Plants. By Richard Anthony Salisbuby, Esq. F.R.S. V. P. L.S.

Read March ¥5, 1803.

ha following Observations bayo been hastily ‘committed to
paper, to excite the attention of those Botanists, whom I might
have the honour of addressing this evening, to a very important
branch of their favourite science; namely, that insertion of the
Stamina which the celebrated Jussieu has denominated Perigy-
nous: for I lament that as yet I have not met with one of our
own countrymen, who had ever thought about tbe subject at all.
I presume that this perigynous insertion is entirely factitious, or
in other words, which you will all comprehend whether you have
read Jussieu’s book or not, that there is no instance W i
the whole Vegetable Kingdom, of Stamina being inserted in the
. Calyx. Nor is this mere logomachia, or a cavil respecting terms :
for, if my ideas be true, the difficulty of distinguishing Calyx
. from Corolla will rarely occur, and the designation of each of
those parts correspond more exactly with its real office and im-
portance in the Vegetable Economy. :
VOL. VIII. c cn : Who

2 Mr. Sauiseury on the Perigynous. Insertion

Who would not be astonished to find among Quadrupeds, any
Genus with Testiculi originating in the Praputium! Yet among
Vegetables, Stamina proceeding from the Calyx appear to me
equally unnatural. ‘The first ideas which we gain on any subject,
= whether correct or incorrect, attach with such force, that it is no
easy business to dismiss them afterwards : moreover, very few
will be at the trouble of examining for themselves, or so unpo-
pular as not to adopt the fashions of the day. For, unfortu-
nately, there are fashions in science, as well as in dress: but the
Laws of Nature, founded by Infinite Wisdom, I believe like Truth
itself to be immutable, and the Motto which we have lately adopted
who belong to this Society, will not allow us to deceive ourselves
or others respecting them. By exposing this pretended perigy-
nous insertion indeed, many of the Classes, and some of the Orders.
in the French arrangement must be given up; but the Genera
themselves will come in more conformably to their Natural Afli-
nities, and often as Jussiew himself hints in his Notes. I was
anxious to have gone to Paris in the autumn, to have stated this,
and many other botanical dubia, with the greatest deference ec
that great man: “ Lubuit enim integros adire fontes atque haurire?
but Time flies rapidly unless seized by the forelock, and I know
not when I can spare a month again. Till so wished-for an
Occasion, therefore, presents itself, I must be content with such
assistance as I can gain at home. "That comet-like genius Correa
de Serres, who is now in the perihelion of Paris, long ago. told.
me that Corolla-vegularis and irregularis would be, found in every
Natural Family, and [have reason to think the same may be said
. of Germen inferum amd superum. Having examined a great
many flowers to verify that supposition, I could not avoid at- .
tending also to the insertion of their several- parts: this I have
constantly found to be in one common point, more or less con-

spicuous

of the Stamina of Plants. 3

spicuous indeed, yet generally so distinct as to merit, both from
its appearance and the dignity of its office, a particular name:
for, in this common point I suspect all the necessary changes in
the vessels to produce the various parts of the flower and fruit
first begin. I have long called it Torus, to distinguish it from the
Receptaculum of Aggregate and Syngenesious flowers: the real
structure of the latter I have yet to learn, but Aggregate flowers
appear to me nothing more than a close mode of Inflorescentia.
Adanson has the merit of having first described this common point
of insertion by the name of Diske. The period at which he publish-
ed his book, was particularly unfavourable to the stud y of Natural
Families, few having been thenlearned enough in Botany to under-
stand it, and those few who might have understood it, disgusted by
the uncouth spelling, barbarous names, and sharp attacks on the
Sexual. System then sbining forth in all its glory. I am also.
ashamed to own, that for many years I never looked into the Fa-
milles des Plantes, regarding them with the same contempt as our
President has thrown upon them in his preliminary Discourse
printed in the first volume of our Transactions. The solid infor-
mation they contain, however, has since taught me to think very
differently; and the honest and patient labourer in the mine of
Natural History, may always have this satisfaction, that the value.
of what he discovers, will, at one period or another, be fully appre-
ciated and understood.: In hopes of meeting. with so. nething re-
specting this mmon n Point of Insertion, I haye jus read Mirbel's
Traité: d'Ana Phy: ot But. he says. little
more than that it is a pant ks the Calyx x, and is totally silent as to
its connecting the different parts of the flower: this is the more
. wonderful, as he must have dissected did of the flowers shies
I shall presently have occasion to mention. Uds EE
d» distinguishing the Calyx and Corolla, he is far ı more € explicit,
BQ and

4 -
4 Mr. SauisBury on the Perigynous Insertion

and very clearly proves the inconsistency of the notion, that in
the whole tribe of Monocotyledones, what we vulgarly call the
Flower is a true Calyx: indeed I nearly agree with Mirbel re-
specting these two parts, though sal conclusions are drawn from
very different premises. :

As the insertion of the Stamina appears to me of so much con-
sequence in putting an end to all our doubts, previously to men-
tioning the most striking instances I have met with, I must tres-
pass upon your time and attention, while I briefly state the opi-
nions that have hitherto prevailed respecting Calyx and Corolla.
With the immortal Linnés doctrine, that the Calyx is a conti-
nuation of the outer, and the Corolla of the inner bark, we are
here all perfectly acquainted; and that in some plants which
have only one of the above-mentioned integuments, he thought

it of so little moment, by which of those titles the part was
described, that he says “ Corolla (vel si mavis) Calyx.” In his
golden legacy, the Philosophia Botanica, he observes, ** Limites
** inter calycem et corollam absolutos, naturam non posuisse, patet ex

* Daphnide, ubi connata ambo et margine unita veluti folium Buzi.”
This however is not the case in all the species of that genus:
stronger instances of one running gradually into the other, may
be seen in Delphinium, Ranunculus, Nymphea, Castalia, and Mag-
nolia ; notwithstanding which I have not the smallest doubt of
their being perfectly distinct organs, and performing totally dif-
ferent functions. For, similar arguments might be produced to
.confound all the ‘other parts of the flower: in some species of
Erica, the upper leaves change insensibly into Bractez: in the
common Holly, the Pedunculus itself becomes soft and of a fine
scarlet colour like the fruit: in Crategus the Calyx is frequently
persistent and pulpy like the Pericarpium : in Zllicium Floridanum,
m Petals insensibly grow narrower and so like the filaments, that
: they

of the Stamina of Plants. 5

they can only be distinguished by having no Antherw: nay in
Canna, we have even an instance of the male parts of the flower
passing into the female, where the innermost lacinia of the Co-
rolla to which the Anthera is attached, always coalesces more or
less, so as to form one and the same lamina with the dilated pe-
taloid Style. Jussieu adopts the Linnzean definitions of Calyx
and Corolla somewhat amplified ; but in his practice, if I may
use a vulgar expression, he does not stick to his text. He says,
* Calyx integumentum floris exterius, est corticosa pedunculi floralis
* productio. Corolla, interius tegumen, pedunculi libro non epider-
. * midi continuum, non persistens, sed cum staminibus plerumque deci-
* duum fructum involvit aut coronat, nunquam cum ipso concrescens,
** et suas partes cum staminibus numero equalibus sepius alternans.”
He then quotes Narcissus as an example of an integument, which
growing to the fruit with stamina opposed to its div. » must
consequently be a true Calyx. Here I think that consummate
Botanist mistaken : for, the Spatha appears to me the first expan-
sion, of what has been hitherto erroneously called Epidermis, and
to supply the place of a more perfect Calyx in that Natural Fa-
mily : nor can I see that the integument is joined to the Pericar-
pium in a different way from that of many other truly epigynous
flowers among the Dicotyledones: lastly, what weighs with me
more than every other consideration is the affinity of the part in
question to the Stamina, a character the importance. of which
Jussieu owns in gizong te terms ; ; “ Corolle magna cum staminibus cog-
natio" is his expression. I was glad | to find these sentiments cor-
roborated by Mirbel, x runs ; into the other extreme however;
for he says, that as the Calyx is a continuation of the bark, and
that many of the Monocotyledones have no bark at all, in those
genera which have only a single integument it must necessarily

be: Corolla. He also proposes that the integument of all flowers,
whether

6 Mr. SArisBUnRY on the Perigynous Insertion

whether it be one or two, should in future be described by the
common name of Perianthium, including both Calyx and Corolla
under that appellation. Ventenat in the Magasin Encycl. lre
année, tome xi. gives as an essential characteristic of the Corolla its
Trachee or spiral vessels : but to say nothing of the practical dif-
ficulties attending such a distinction, they have since been found
not only in some true and legitimate Calyces, but even in the Brac-
tee of Strelitzia by Mr. Bauer; from whose observation as well
as my own I am quite convinced that they are not the common
tubular vessels of the plant in a state of decay, as Mirbel sup-

poses. Adanson noticed these T? ache in his Familles des Plantes

Jong before Ventenat, quoting the original observer, Saussure. 1
believe I have now mentioned all the opinions hitherto promul-
gated on this subject, none of which have ever appeared quite
satisfactory to me: for, the overpowering similarity between
many Monocotyledonous and Dicotyledonous flowers forcibly with-
holds me from distinguishing them
whilst the widely different organization of their Stems totally
-overturns the Linnean hypothesis of the Corolla being invariably
a continuation of the Liber or inner bark. In this difficulty I
have.no guide but analogy to lead my dim and imperfect re-
searches after the truth: yet it is from pure analogy, that we
dare to entertain some of the most sublime opinions; for, what
astronomer doubts of the numerous stars before him being inha-
bited ? .1 therefore consider all the different parts of the flower
as proceeding: from
animals have one common origin under the Venter.’ Of these
parts, the Calyx, or oiftet cover, answers pretty nearly to the Pre-
putiun and Labia Pudendi, being like them continuous with the
exterior muscles of the whole. individual: the Corolla, or. inner
cover, seems to have no less analogy w ith the two next. important

parts

into two sorts with Jussieu,

one common point just as the. Genitalia of

V. ear, Imre

of the Stamina of Plants. 1

parts in animals, the G/ans Penis and Clitoris, being like them
flaccid and evanescent when the business of impregnation is
over: for from above 500 experiments, made by carefully taking
away the Corolla while the flower was very young, I have kaad
its presence to be of more importance than has been usually sup-
posed. The remaining similarities are so obvious, and so empha-

- tically described by our great master in his Sponsalia Plantarum,

that I need not recall them to your memory. I would therefore
define the Calyx, Involucrum floris exterius, herbe plerumque colore
et substantid consimile, toro insertum, staminibus semper discretum :
and the Corolla, Involucrum floris interius, herbe plerumque colore
et substantià dispar, toro insertum, staminibus vel conjunctum vel in
eodem puncto ortum. In the last definition I. have entirely omitted
the situation of the Stamina as being alternate with the divisions
of the Corolla, this distinction proving. too inconstant for a pri-
mary character; a far more certain one is obtained by referring
to their conjunction with it and joint termination. ‘The Gals
being thus reduced within its natural limits, and the Receptacle
brought forward to its long-neglected rights and honours among
the other parts of the flower, the difficult and ambiguous Inser-
tions, which Jussiew has stated with so much candour and inte-
grity, vanish ; and all the Natural Orders which agree in that re-
spect may be arranged in one continued series. Moreover, when
only one Involucrum is present, and the common analogi
colour, figure and consistence fail, far less, i: ifficulty will
occur in determining it: thus in Profee, which have the Stamina |
inserted near the top of the Involucrum, it. is indubitably a true
Corolla; while in Atriplices which have the stamina inserted in —
the receptacle, it is as surely a true Calyx, exactly corresponding
with that of Amaranthi; in fact, Atriplices and Amaranthi are
only divisions of one and the same Natural Order. It now only
| remains

8 Mr. Sautsspury on the Perigynous Insertion

remains for me this evening to go through the Perigynous Genera
of Jussieu, pointing out what I conceive to be their real inser-
tion: but as English Botanists may be too justly reproached with
neglecting the study of his Orders, on some future occasion I
hope to lay before you the result of my meditations on the Mo-
nocotyledones, to which I devoted the evenings of last winter:
the Dicotyledones being far more numerous, and containing be-
tween two and three hundred genera, that I have never yet even
looked at, will take me a much longer time.

The Palms are the first Perigynous Order: of these I have exa-
` mined three genera living, and from the different dried specimens
in Sir Joseph Bankss Herbarium, and the excellent drawings in
the Coromandel Plants, I have no doubt that the Stamina of the
whole Order are inserted in a distinct hypogynous receptacle.
Jussieu indeed hesitates and says after ** imis laciniis calycinis, (an
potius glanduloso corpori hypogyno?") From their affinity with
Grasses, especially Juncus, one would at first conclude their Invo-
lucrum to be a Calyx; but their Spathz and Bractez are the
_parts analogous to the Glume of Grasses, and some genera have
evidently a true monopetalous Corolla. The Palms come nearer to
the Aroidee than Asparagi in a Natural Series, and may now be
placed next to them: no one who compares the figures of Borassus
and Cocos in the Coromandel Plants, with Aponogeton and Pothos,
will doubt about this; and the germination of the last genus,
. which I have repeatedly raised from seeds, still further confirms
it. Asparagi, the second Perigynous Order, have their stamina
likewise inserted either in the Corolla, or a distinct hypogynous
receptacle: the fragrant Lily of theValley and Alstroemeria, which
certainly belongs to this Order, are examples I would offer for
your examination. Junci, the third Perigynous Order, will in all
probability be greatly altered in the next edition of Jussieu's

Genera.

“ of the Stamina of Plants. 9

Genera. Eriocaulon, the first genus, I yet know little about ;
but when Mr. Brown returns, he will inform us. I guess it is al-
lied to Scirpus and Schenus, or perhaps comes still nearer to Typha.
Restio and Juncus have no affinity at all with the other genera of
this section : their Stamina are completely hypogynous, and they
must be placed after their near relations the Grasses. Xyris isa
very curious genus, and possibly a true Iridéa, though not for the
Reason which Jussieu gives, its beingtriandrous: but the Filaments
are inserted in the same part of the Corolla, which twists up when
it decays as in some of the lridee, so that it merely differs in
having Germen superum. Before I could reconcile myself to .
Germen superum and inferum being found in the same Family,
I had placed it near Tradescantia. Aphyllanthes has given me
more trouble than any genus in all the Monocotyledones : the Sta-
mina are inserted in the Corolla, and I believe it will come in at
the end of Bromelze. Rapatea (Mnasium. of Schreber) must cer-
tainly join the same order after Tillandsia. Mayaca (Syena of
Schreber) belongs to a distinct order which I would call, after the
largest and most known genus in it, Tradescantée; making the
termination always in ze long, rather than the hated and pompous
- oidée : thus all confusion, either in writing or speaking of the
genus which gives a name to the Order, in the plural number, is
avoided: this Order of Tradescantze will contain Pontederia,
Hapalanthus, Commelina, Callisia, Tradescantia, and Conda of the
Hindoos, all which genera have stamina hypog yna. Pollia must
migrate to the Asparagi 4, as Jussieu supp "The third section
of J unci constitutes another very scient acit is which we all
know well, the Tripetaloidee of Linné : in these the Stamina are so
very evidently placed on a large hypogynous receptacle, that. hi
am totally at a loss to account for Jussieus making them perigy- |
nous. Of the genera in the fourth section of Junci, Cabomba
2¥Oby- VIII. c | ( Nectri TE

10 Mr. SarisaURY on the Perigynous Insertion

(Nectris of Schreber) belongs also to the Tripetaloidee : Scheuch-
zeria and Triglochin, in natural affinity, must I believe join Zan-
nichellia, Potamogeton, Ruppia, and Zostera, after the rums;
and the remainder are a separate order of themselves, the Vera-
tree. In this order of Veratrée, the Stamina are inserted in the
Corolla : it will include besides Colchicum, which has not the
least immediate affinity to Crocus, Bulbocodium, Tulipa, Melan-
thium, Bathuna, and Wurmbea. Lilia, the fourth perigynous
order, as they now stand, contains Tulipa just mentioned, then
Erythronium, Gloriosa, and Uvularia, which all belong to Aspa-
ragée ; and lastly Fritillaria, Imperialis, Lilium, and Yucca. As
many of these genera will soon be in flower, my opinion that
their Stamina are inserted in a true legitimate corolla, exactly
analogous to the most perfect among the Dicotyledones, can be
easily examined. In all the remaining Perigynous Orders, Brome-
lea, Asphodeli, Narcissi, and Irides, the Insertion of the stamina
is likewise so very plain, that it is only necessary to refer you to
the plants themselves : indeed they have only been placed in this
Class by Jussieu, because he considers the Involucrum of all
-~ Monocotyledones, as a Calyx and not a Corolla. The affinities
of some few of the genera, however, may perhaps be deemed -
worthy of arresting your attention for a few momentslonger. Phor-
mium, the New Zealand Flaz plant, I have little doubt, belongs
to Bromelée: as it is now in most of our collections, and has
produced flowers in this country, I trust ere long to see them
brought to this "table: from Miller's figure they appear. similar to
these of Pitcairnia; but its tough rigid. leaves, and peculiar
; meally pubescence, first gave me the idea of its real place in the
great chain of nature. Gethyllis has not the Habit of Crocus
when more carefülly inspected, but rather that of Curculigo and
| pem with which it must be p Tulbaghia used to be
ss common

- ef the Stamina of Plants. 11

common in our collections, and I wish that any Botanist who meets
with it would attend to it: I place it now after Allium, but for
no good reason; the stamina are inserted in the Corolla, which
has a double Limbus. Tacca puzzles me extremely : is it really
monocotyledonous : ? if so, it comes nearer to Dioscorea than any
genus I know. Polyanthes, I think, belongs to the same order
with Hemerocallis cordifolia and cerulea of our gardens, which
are no Hemerocallides, but a distinct genus: shall we name them
Saussurea? for their spiral vessels are very beautiful. Xiphidium
appears to me very near, if not the very same genus with Wach-
endorfia: I remember seeing it at Sion House: it is particularly
tender, and in this country flowers imperfectly about Christmas +-
this plant, with Dilatris, Hemodorum of.our President, Argolasia,
Anigozanthus of Billardiere, Philydrum, and Wachendorfia, .form
an easy and distinct pordon, Ebisch. should, be „placed before the .
Veratréa. |

The fifth and sixth vmm of rre ante the Dicotyle-
dones: the latter of these is entirely composed of what he thinks
Apetalous Plants, and consequently, whenever the Stamina are in-
serted in the Involucrum, he calls them Perigynous. I have already
- observed, however, that if there be a great similarity in the sub-
. stance of the Involucrum and the Filaments, it should rather be
considered a Corolla: and we shall find that this is not only
the case in all the genera of this class, but that some of them
have bo: haCalyx and Corolla, of which Quinchamaliun the second
genus of the first order is a remarkable instance. Hippophae
among the Eleagni, seems to me to be a real Diclinis, and I
should guess it ought rather to go near to the Atriplices: I have not .
yet examined the fruit, but. according to Gertner it has germen
superum. Daphne Laureola is now in flower; and though the

Involucrum in this species is green, the Filaments run down it,
c2 | ames and

12 Mr. Sauispury on the Perigynous Insertion

and it falls off soon, without any of the usual characters of a Calyx:
the Torus in this species is very conspicuous, for which reason I
mention it. The third Order contains the Protege, which, as has
been ¿said before, have undoubtedly a true corolla: there are

about eight Genera in this Order not yet distinguished by Jus-

sieu. Laurus in the fourth Order appears to me also to have a
legitimate corolla: the stamina at any rate are inserted in the

Torus, so that it must be placed among the Hypogynous genera.

The fifth Perigynous Order of Polygonze is so common in all
gardens, fields, and road sides, that it will be a very easy busi-
ness for any one to satisfy himself that their stamina are not in-
serted in the Involucrum ; and therefore whether it be a calyx or
corolla is no matter, they must be hypogynous. The same holds
good with the sixth Order of Atriplices, only that the Torus is
often so much larger, that there cannot remain the least shadow
of doubt respecting the Insertion : in Rivina Dodecandra particu-

larly, the Stamina are ranged upon the receptacle in three dif-

ferent rows, one above the other. The ninth Class contains ge-
nera with Perigynous Corollas, not Stamina ; that is, the Corolla
inserted in the Calyx: the same powerful objection remains to
be brought against this distinction, namely that it is not founded
in Truth, the Corolla being really inserted in the receptacle;
nay in most of the Genera, it is quite separate at the base both
from the Calyx and Stamina, as in Kalmia, Rhododendron, Aza-
lea, Ledum, Itea, Erica, Calluna, Salaris, Andromeda, Vaccinium,
Menziesia, Clethra, Pyrola: this order I have particularly stu-
died, and here again we have an instance of Germen superum
and inferum in the same Family. The fourth order of Campa-
nulée closes this class, and in every species I have yet examined
there is a flat receptacle covering the disk of the germen, in
which both Calyx and Corolla originate. We come now to the

Eus fourteenth

sa gpl Leet es a ean A EE

à ; .
re th lk ba Sige ck RERUM Errat
^ Xd E wey EE c n RCRUM AP OIN NES ee ea ae

of the Stamina of Plants. | 13

fourteenth class of Jussieu, containing no less than thirteen large
Orders; and among them the Calycanthemi of Linné, which have
ever been considered by all Botanists as perigynous. It is with no
little diffidence, therefore, that I venture publicly to contradict
this generally received opinion, the absurdities and inconsisten-
cies of which however are so glaring, that I think, when they are
demonstrated, it will be given up. Nor is it very wonderful that
so false a conception, which I imagine first originated from Tour-
nefort's quaint expression of “ Calyx in fructum abiens," should
have been held universally: for till Jussiews book actually
forced Botanists to open their eyes a little wider than they
had been accustomed, nobody ever thought of scrutinizing the
connection of the different parts of the flower any further than
was necessary to find its place in the Linnean System. Most .
commonly the part taken by authors for Calyx is in fact a very
magnificent receptacle, upón which the real Calyx as well as all
the other parts of the flower are inserted: and this whether the
Pericarpium be inferum as in Pyrus, apparently inferum as in
Rosa, or superum as in Prunus. The best and shortest way of
explaining my sentiments will be to describe the Insertion in.
one genus of each Order. Sempervivum stands first, and whoever
will give himself the trouble of looking at it, will find the Calyx,
Corolla, and Stamina all inserted on a shallow cotyliform body,
which is likewise covered with Honey: that this receptacle is
completely. distinct from the Calyx, appears from its remain-
ing in full vigour after the Calyx, Corolla, and Filaments are
withered. Sarifraga in the next Order is a very useful genus to-
study on this head, for in some species the Germen is inferum,
in others only semi-inferum, in others again quite superum ; yet
in every species, the Calyx, Corolla, and Stamina proceed from a
thick callous margin, which is persistent. Cactus in the third Order
I . has

14 Mr. SarisauRY on the Perigynous Insertion

has a flower which we all know very well; but so far from allow-
ing this to be Perigynous, I cannot find that it has any Calyx at —
all: its Stamina are exceedingly numerous, and gradually coalesce
with the Petals into a thick Neck (I would hardly call it Tube)
just as in Camellia. Ribes placed in this Order at present
surely belongs to Sazifrage : compare the flowers of the com-
mon Currant with Chrysosplenium or Adora: but the serratures
and callosities of the Herba in the Gooseberry first indicated to
me its affinity. Portulaca in the fourth Order has only a 2-phyl-
lous Calyx, in which there is not the smallest room for the five
Petals to be crammed: the whole Pedunculus in this genus
might with equal propriety be termed Calyx as its Torus, Me- _
sembryanthemum in the fifth Order as to insertion exactly resem-
bles Cactus, but this genus has a regular quinquefid Calyx. Oeno-
thera and Epilobium are very common examples of the 6th Order:
their receptaculum is so very long and remarkable, that it never
fails to strike a beginner in Botany: at least many of my young
friends have not only hesitated but thought it impossible that a
Master in the science could call this part Calyx: nor are the ob-
jections of a sensible Scholar always to be despised, for he
comes unprejudiced on the subject, and sees the Works of Nature
as they really are. The beautiful Myrti constitute the seventh
assemblage of Perigynous Corollas: in no order is their real in-
sertion more necessary to be understood than this; for the essen-
tial characters of the Genera often depend upon it solely. Lep-
tospermum and Philadelphus are two instances whichI shallnot easily
forget: when the former genus was first discovered in New Zea-
land by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander, they had no doubt
from its habitus, that it was a new genus; but upon comparing
it with the Linnean characters of Philadelphus, it answered so
exactly that they hesitated. Forster afterwards was less scrupu-
lous,

*

of the Stamina of Plants. 15

lous, but he only cut the Knot, for his character is good for no-
thing. Some time after the publication of his work, Sir Joseph .
Banks brought me specimens of Leptospermum and Philadelphus
in fruit from Kew, desiring me to show him any difference: this

[could not do. Being well persuaded; however, that two such

dissimilar plants could not belong to one genus, the following
spring I forced the dwarf variety of Philadelphus, and compared
them when in flower: all difficulty immediately ceased; for I
saw that in Leptospermum the Calyx and the Corolla were alter-
nately inserted by a very short Unguis in the same line of the
Receptaculum; but in PAiladelphus the Calyx has a broad dilat-

. ed base, so as completely to include the Corolla, which is insert-

ed in a separate line nearer the Pistillum: these differences, now
that we know them, may always be observed, even in the fruit ;
for the scars where the Calyx and Corolla were attached remain,
affording another proof that the part underneath cannot possibly
bea Calyx. Melastoma in the eighth Order perhaps alone consti-
tutes a Natural Family; but as it is a Tropical genus, we can
scarcely expect to see it well divided in our days: in one species
from Jamaica, which flowered with me at Chapel-Allerton, there
was no Calyx whatever, but in place of it, a very narrow line
similar to what is left in Eucalyptus after its Involucrum falls off.
Lagerstremia in the ninth Order has a very peculiar Insertion,
like nothing I now recollect but that of Sophora tetraptera : in
both these genera the receptacle is very large and hollow, and
the scars of all the various parts inserted in it remain very deep
and conspicuous. The tenth Perigynous Order contains under |
the name of Rosacee eight sections: in the first, our common
Cherry and Apple Blossom, though generally passed over by Bo-
tanists, afford incontrovertible proofs of the presence of a re-,
ceptacle distinct from the Calyx, as well as Fragaria, Potentilla,
Comarum,

16 On the Perigynous Insertion of the Stamina of Plants.

Comarum, Geum, and Rubus: Rosa of all others stands conspi-.
cuous in this respect, its receptacle, vulgarly called Hip with
us, being very similar to that of Ficus. In the eleventh Order
of Leguminosae, this part is again of primary importance, and in
no genus more so, than the vast Mimosa, which will, I suspect, be -
most naturally subdivided by attending to its receptacle : ] know
three species atleast, in each of which its structure is very differ-
rent. In Cassia the Receptacle is remarkable and persistent,
whereas the real Calyx is deciduous. In Trifolium it varies most
beautifully, and the numerous Papilionacee, from Port Jackson,
will possibly be better discriminated by it. j
In the two last Orders of Perigynous Corollas, Terebintacee .
and RAamni, I scarcely yet know a genus except Cneorum : this
has most clearly both Petala and Stamina hypogyna quite sepa-
rate from the Calyx. Jer has its Petals equally distinct from
the Calyx, and cohering slightly at the base with each other.
Phylica Y think belongs to a very different order: its whole fruc-
tification is singular, and I know no genus that approaches it but -
— Penaa: in both I suspect the real Calyx is inferus and 2-phyllous.
. I have thus, Gentlemen, endeavoured to point out, what I
. conceive to be a false notion which has misled the very first Bo-
tanist now living, respecting the insertion of the Stamina in so
| great a number oe Natural S I fear that I have tired you,
“ornari enim res ipsa negat :” but I see many around me whose
; abilities to decide upon far more abstruse and difficult t point in

(1.9

H.-A Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea.

By William George Maton, M. D. V.P.L.S., $c. and the Reverend
Thomas Rackett, M. A. F.L.S., 4c.

Read January 17, 1804.

Bzrosz we proceed to the more immediate objects of this
paper, it may be proper to advert to the plan by which we have
been guided in endeavouring to render it acceptable to the
scientific naturalist.

After the sentiments which we expressed on a former occa-
sion *, it is almost unnecessary here. to remark, that we. have
dose adhered to the Linnzan system and mode of description,
all the species which it falls within our province to enumerate
appearing to be reducible under Linnzus's genera, as constituted
in the twelfth edition of the Systema Nature, and retained by
Professor Gmelin.

We are aware that some late writers of repute have divided the
genus Lepas, forming out of it another which they have called
Balanus ; and that they have separated from Ostrea all the pecti-
nated species, affixing to them different characters, under the ge-

. neric denomi: tion of Kern, æ th hor, by whose re-
searches we e have be een largely assisted, and |
taceologists in general ar are menty nee has in like man-
ner divided the genus Serpula into two}. To our minds, however, :
there are feasons why the original genera should remain unal-

* Linn. Trans. vol. vi. p. 178. T Testacea Britannica, vol. ii. p. 517.
VOL. VIII. D 3 U^ i red,

18 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Racxert’s

tered, and we have ventured to state those reasons in the proper

places. With regard: to- some of the terms employed by Lin-

nus (especially in the description of the genus Venus) altera-
tions seem necessary, on the grounds adverted to at some length
in a former paper *. :

In the synonyms, and references, it has been our most sedu-
lous endeavour not to. mislead, either by transcribing upon trust
from other authors, or by quoting such as are ambiguous, or im-
perfect. The excellent descriptions. given by Linnzus, in his
Museum Ludovice Ulrice Regine, we have, in most instances, ex~
tracted entire; and these extracts, it is hoped, will be the more
useful, as that work, on account of its scarcity, cannot very
generally be had recourse to, in England. We have also availed
ourselves of the concise, but illustrative observations, given by
.the same author in his Fauna Suecica and Systema Nature.
Wherever such helps have failed us, we have subjoined to the
essential characte: of each species short descriptions of our own,

the ordinary size of the shell at its full
period of growth (in the British Islands), as one of the most
ready guidances towards identifying a specimen under examina-
tion. It was one wish to have investigated, with our own eyes;

some instances “this was not practicable, and, under duck cir-
cumstances, we have contented ourselvés with adducing the most
respectable authorities. To have omitted a species asserted to
be British by writers of repute, merely because we had not been
so fortunate as to haye seen pacen ourselves, would have in-
dicated a very unb ecoming degree of suspiciousness ; and it
would also ie been inconsistent with the Seige of this npe

x Linn. Trans, vol. vi. p. 181.

whieh

SEE ieee Sa nes A

NOVO E ee SP
RAIN ace hae dE

|

3
E
TA
E
d

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 19

which is to lay before the student a descriptive catalogue of all
our British Testacea. Such notices as are not indispensably ne-
cessary to the discrimination of a species, or relate to what may
be called its history, we have usually given in English; and it
may here be remarked, that we have been particularly attentive
to point out the discoverer, or first describer, of every shell >
(wherever it was possible to arrive at certainty), retaining the
trivial name originally attached to it, in preference to any other,
provided it was not pre-occupied, or at variance with the specific
characters, or with the Linnean principles of nomenclature.
Had naturalists in general been more strict in this respect, and
less fond of novelty of denomination, the science would have
been much less confused in every department, than it is at pre-
sent. The use of trivial names in natural history certainly does
not consist in their being descriptive of the subjects to which
they are annexed, but in their being permanent designations,
which, as discovery seems to have no limits, the more arbitrary
they may be, the better perhaps they will answer the purpose
for which they are calculated. |
Every person must be fully aware of the great utility of
figures, as auxiliaries of description, which sometimes, from
the nicety of the variations of subjects, cannot possibly be
rendered all-sufficient for the student's instruction. Fortunately
we have been preceded by many British iestaccolbgiMln whose
works. in this respect afford very: ample. advantages; but where-
ever a. figure was wanting, (ona 2 » ‘had fallen under
our notice,) or wh € 8 t had been given were
‘grossly incorrect, we have période to remedy the defect, by
referring to engravings annexed to this paper. We judged it
would be useful also, on some occasions, to figure closely-allied
p2 I b.c Apocies

20 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETTS .

species by the side of each other, in order that their relative
characters might be more accurately impressed on the mind

than it came within the compass of language, simply, to ac-
complish.

CHITON.

Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 300.
k

crinitus. Ch. testa septemvalvi, pilis brevibus dense obsita.
~ Linn. Gm. p. 3206.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 36. f. 1.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 4.

Habitat in mari.
Testa % poll. longa. (Pennant.)
An vere distincta à Ch. cinereo ?

We give this species on the authority of Pennant,
» who mentions having found it near Aberdeen; and Mr.
Boys is said to have found it at k Sandwich; but it
has never fal er under. € — ‘notice. - =

discors. Ch. testa septemvalvi eee ian lato leviter reti-
culato. Montagu Test. ie ps.
Habitat in mari.

Testa oblonga 4 poll longa, valvulis extremis rufescente- brna: t
valvule 5 mediz transversim divise, postice sagrinatz, antice leves.
~ vel leviter transversim striate. (Montagu.)

— —. A new and rare species discovered in Salcombe Bay,
oe Devon, by Mr. Montagu, by whom it is described
= he t lame. vis, which appeared
= na e, a as conveys a an idea that no other
E species of. this genus has that number of valves.

-4 fasci-

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 21

3.
fascicu- Ch. testa octovalvi, corpore ad valvulas utrinque fasci-

laris. . culato. Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 4. p. 1106. Linn. Gmel.
tA. fod. p. 3202. Ls
- Chemn. Conch. 10. t. 173. f. 1688.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 95. t. 1. f. 1.
Encyclop. Method. t. 163. f. 15.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 5.
Habitat in mari, testaceis, saxis adherens.
Teste cinerem leviter carinatz, ad latera fasciculis pilorum albidis con-
| ' ferte.
4. :
margina- Ch. testa octovalvi, margine serrato reflexo levi. Linn.
tus. Gmel. p. 3206.
(.1. f.2. Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 36. f. 2.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 25. t. 1. fs 2.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 1.
— Habitat in mari, testaceis adherens.
Testa magnitudine unguis pollicis éxüuii, carinata, dices oculo armato
quasi sagrinata visa, rufescente-brunnea.

First discovered at Scarborough, in Yorkshire, by `
Pennant. Not uncommon.
levis. Ch. testa octovalvi glaberrima, dorso elevato.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 36. 353.
Linn. Gm. p. 3206.

Montagu Test. Brit. p.2.
. Habitat in mari. ee se . |
Testa 4 poll. longa, } poll. á fescente-brunnea, interdum maculis
Bávescentibus Marg , reticulatus.
Found at Loch- Broom, on the western coast of Ross-
pe by Pennant; in Salcombe Bay, T bre Mr. :
Montagu. | |

vd iai

.. 6. cinereus.

22 5 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT’S
' cinereus. Ch. testa octovalvi levi carinata, corpore rubicundo,
t.1.f.3. limbo subciliato. Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 9. p. 1107. Linn.
Gmel. p. 3204.

Born. Mus. t. 1. f. 3.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 25. t. 1. f. 4s

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 3.

Halitat in mari, testaceis, saxis adhzerens.

Testa vix cimice major, planiuscula, cinerea, ovata, postice paulo latior,
parum carinata, (Linn.)

First found by Dr. Pulteney, on oysters from Wey-

mouth and Poole. *
m Ch. testa octovalvi lovi dorsata, corpore albo. Linn.
t.1.f.4. Syst. Nat. n. 8. p. 1107. Linn. Gmel. p. 3204.
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 96. f. 817.
. Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 25. t. 1. Í. 3.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 4.
Habitat in mari, testaceis, ulvis adherens, er
Tetsa magnitudine: grani tritici, ovalis, minus | carinata. (Linn. )
. First noticed as British by Dr. Sig who found
it at Poole, Dorset.

=. LEPAS.
Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 301,

Differently from the method pursued by some modern authors,
who have followed Dr. Solander's original suggestion, we prefer

retaining the Linnzan genus Lepas undivided. The. gradation |

from the conic to the sGompressed sp appears
tural, as not to admit of their bein ara ted, without violation
of the general principles. of the system. To those who notice
the structure of Lepas Mitella, which beautifully unites these
two divisions, the circumstance we have mentioned cannot fail

to

zac

.to us so na- :

PE tons) UR

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 23

to be obvious; and, even if a difference in the contained ani-
mals should be objected, we cannot agree to that particular
being made a ground of distinction, since it is not the ex-
clusive consideration on which Linnzeus professes to found his
arrangement?

A
Balanus.

L. testa conica. sulcata, operculis acuminatis. Linn.
Syst. Nat. n. 10. p. 1107. Fauna Suecica, n. 2122.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3207.

Ellis in Act. Angl. 1158. t. 34. f. 17.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 37. f. 4.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 249. Bal. porcatus.

Donovan Nat. Hist. of Shells, t. 30. f. 1.

Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 97. f. 820.

Pulteney in Hutch. „Dorset. Pe 25. 4E 2. ge 12. Bal.
communis. ©

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 6.

Habitat frequens in mari, saxis, rupibus adherens, !

Testa conica, truncata, valvulis pluribus conniventibus, extus inzequali-
ter sulcata, interjectis rugis compressis,

Operculum valvulis quatuor obliquis, acuminatis, superioribus duabus la-
tioribus brevioribus transversé striatis, inferioribus 2 angustioribus
longioribus. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 466.) :

- L. testa conica truncata levi, spares nen Linn.

pda Suecica; n. 2123. PL,

Lister Pri Mr t. 5.f.
- Conch. t. 444. f. 287.

- D'Argenv. Conch. t. 30. f. C.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 37. f. 5. Oa
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 248, t. 17. f. F Bal. Taipi. |
Pulteney

24 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckETT'S

>

F

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 25. t. 2. 3 7. Bal. vul-
garis.

Dinovan: Nat Hitt: of Shells t S65 47925

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 7.

Habitat in mari frequens, saxis, conchis affixa. .

Testa depressa, valvulis sex. :

Operculum valvulis quatuor, superioribus duabus leviter transversim stria-
tis, inferioribus levibus. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 466.)

"This species was first noticed by Lister.

3. |
punctata. L. testa conica truncata punctata, operculis obtusis.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 37. f. 6. Lepas Cornubiensis?
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 97. f. 826.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 25. t. 1. f. 10.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 8. t. 1. f. 5. Bal. paket tus.

Habitat in mari, saxis et testaceis adherens,
Testa diametro 4 poll. rugosa, colore fusco.
Operculum valvulis apice AUR emarginatisr. se inyicem excipien-

CRM :

Found at E Doret, iis Pr. Paray. ; and on

the south coast of | Devon, by. Mr. Montagu.
4.

conoides. L. testa conica valvulis acuminatis, apertura. angustis-
Dao Nat. Hist. of Shells, t. 30. f. 3.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 12.
_ Habitat in mari.
Testa 4 poll. longa et lata. Valvule striis numerosis linea exaratis.

Discovered aoe M Bi of Wezmoati MEN to

Sage EE ide zs ne ge ees

costata. L. testa ibeo operetka Stall ASS
Donovan Nat. Hist. of Shells, t. 30. f. 2. +
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 11. Bal. costatus.

| . Habitat

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 25

Habitat in mari, saxis adhzerens.
Testa diametro vix 4 poll. candida. . Valvulee. indistincte, costis elevatis
ab apertura divergentibus, instar radiorum, i
This species was discovered by the late. Mr. Adams,

on the coast of Pembrokeshire.

6. |
Tintinna- L. testa conica obtusa rugosa. Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 12.

bulum. ^ p. 1108. Linn. Gmel. p. 3208.

Lister Conch. t. 443. f. 285.

Grew Mus. p. 148.

Ellis in Act. Angl. 1158. t. 34. f. 8.

Rumph. Mus. t. 41. f. A. 3

Gualt. Test. t. 106. f. E. H.

D’ Argenv. Conch. t. 26. f. A B.

Pennant Brit. Zool. p. 73. ipis aside

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 950. ^ ^ ^,
e á Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 97. f. 828—830.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 25. t. 1. f. 5.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 148.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 10.

Habitat in mari, navium carinis (acervatim saepius) disini:

Testa conico-gibba, extus sulcata, sulcis obtusis, areis valvularum inter-
jectis senis transversim striatis. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 466.)

Given as British by Da Costa, but is probably a na-
tive of the warmer climates, ed b hither on
the horto: of ee | ; ,

rugosa. L.testa subcylmdtiem operculis poe ;
t. 1. f. 5. Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 91. f. 824. :
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset.. p. 25. t. 2. sie 10. {Bal ru- :
gosus. A Ee

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 6- Bi rugosus. STAT E
VOL. VIII. E 7 Donovan

26

8.

— Dr. Marow's and Mr. Racxert’s
Donovan Brit. Shells...t. 160. L: borealis.

Habitat in mari, saxis, testaceis adherens.
Testa 3 poll. longa, apertura ampla.
Operculum valvulis distinctis, angulatis, erectis.
First found on the Dorsetshire coast by-Dr. Pulteney.

elongata, L. testa cylindrica lap aan operculis obtusis. Linn.

Gmel. p. 3213.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 37. f A. 5.

Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 98. f. 838. RO

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 25. t. 1. f. 6. | Bal. cla-
vatus.

| Encyclop. Method. t. 164. f. T. 8.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 10. Bal. clavatus. |.
Habitat in pelago.
Testa nivea, valvulis sex, alternis angustioribus, Apertura dilatata.

We are informed by Dr. Fulteney, that this species
was discovered by Sir Joseph e has been
2 at Weymouth,

. We have received some clusters of elongated shells
of L. Balanoides, which strongly resemble the figures

f this species.

= Walker Test. Min. » rare is gs

- L. testa dde operculis indistinctis, valvulis

intertextis, striatis. -
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 38. f. 7% L. striata,

: Dac a Brit. Conch. p. 250. B. striatus,

—.. Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 95. & 1, E 9 Balance

intertextus. |
Donovan. Nat. His. of Shells, 4, 96. f E

Encyclop.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 27

Encyclop. Method. t. 164. f. 16, 17.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 12. Balanus striatus.
Habitat in mari, testaceis, moiin: radicib fuconu: , cc
Testa diametro + poll. alba. — vade
"phis species was first p ey as ‘English, by Pen-

i -nant. Not uncommon.
10. —
s Diadema. L. testa subrotunda, Fiir tang sulánte: Linn. Syst.

Nat. n. 19. p. 1108. Linn. Gmel. p. 3208.
Act. Angl. vol. 5, t. 17. f. 2; & vol. 50. ee l. T.
. Lister Conch. t. 445. f. 288. '
Gualt. Test. t. 106. f. Q.
Walch Naturf. 8. t. 4. f. a. b.c... 9 0-0
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 251. t. 17. f- 2. Bal. Balena.
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 99. £ 843, 4. se
ranges ae Methali t. A05. hif- a l4. avo)

Montagu Test. Brit. » 13. B. Dadima

Habitat in mari.

- Testa figura echini absque. radiis, . sordide alba, MIC Que o infun-
dibuliformi, dimidiam reliqu:e teste diametrum zequante, areis externis
12 triangulis, quarum 6 excavate, striis subtilibus transversis exarate,
sex alter elevate 4-5-6 prominentiis arcte sibi accumbentibus, et
striis transversis crenatis exaratis constant. (Gmel. p. 3908. e

Common on the Northern Shores. M he f m

Scalers L. testa compressa tredecimvalvi ævius cula
lum. f so insident n sdb p.2121.
Syst. Nat. n. . AB pa 1109. L B Gel: p. 3210.
Lister Conch. t. 439. f. 281? How
D'Argenv. Conch. t. 26. f. F.G.
Gualt. Test. t, 106. f. CV. —
Ellis in Act. Angl. 1758. t. 34. fo 4,
. Chemn. Conch. 8. GoT: fi % As
E

(o

28 — Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckETT'S

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 18. t. 1. f. 3.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 166.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 2. f. 8.
Habitat rarior in mari, Gorgoniis adherens.

Testa $ poll. longa, 3 poll. lata, valvulis squamarum zemulis, subcrinitis,

valvula longa curvata reliquas EH: poncule rugoso-annu-
lato.

First found by Mr. Boys, at Sandwich: in Kent. Mr.
Montagu has received specimens from Plymouth.

12.
anserife- L. testa compressa quinquevalvi striata, pedunculo insi-
ra. dente. Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 17. p. 1109. Linn. Gmel.
p. 3210.
Lister Conch. t. 440. f. 283.
Gualt. Test. t. 106. f. 2. 3.
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 100. f. 856.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 16.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 166.
' Habitat in mari, ligois adhzrens.

Testa structura omnino L. anat re sed valvulis sulcatis, excepta prima;
sulci bi distincti, elevati. (Linn. )

Found on drifted Wood on the south coast of Devon-
shire, by Mr. Montagu.

iX s
anatife- L. testa subtriangulari quinquevalvi levi. Linn. Fauna
ra. Şuecica. n. 2120. Mus, Lud. Ulr. 468. n. 6. Syst. Nat.

LÀ nee ins p-1109. Linn. Gmel. p. 3211.
Aldro ai ne rn. c. 20, f. 548.

| Eres EE RM 904. : c = : = s | e
Bain. Pin ae ar ooa Se
Stulpart Obs. 2. p. 458. a

Barth.

: * Basis sshodiies m membunacet.j in

14.
sulcata.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 29
- Barth. Cent. 6. p. 271.

Worm. Mus. 256.

Marcgr. Bras. 188.

Grew Mus. 148.

Sibb. Mus. 170. n. 2.

Lob. It. 2. p. 250.

Ellis in Act. Angl. vol. 50. t. 34. f. 5.
Lister Conch. t. 439. f. 282.

Gualt. Test. t. 106. f. A D.

D' Argénv. Conch. t. 26. f. E.
Planc. Conch. t. 5. f. 4. & f. XI.

Column. Phytol. 110. t. 30.

Seba Mus. 3. t. 16. f. 1, 2.
Needham Microsc. t. 7. f. 1, 2.
Knorr Vergn. 2. t. Dude Sos T
Murr. Fund. Test. t. 2. f. 2.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 38. f. 39.
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 100. f. 853.

` Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 26. t. 2. f Jr

Donovan Brit. Shells, £T.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 15.

Habitat in mari, lignis, carinis navium adherens.

| Tots compressa valvulis duabus majoribus subtriangularibus conniventi-

bus, singulis acutis, latere altero versus apicem valvula oblonga, val-
- vula insuper quarta lanceolata cymbiformi TA caring. -
i Linn. "Mus. Lud. Uir.

p. 468.) —

L. testa subtriangulari quinquevalvi | sulcata. A

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 17. t. 1. f. 6. vu

Habitat in mari, Gorgoniis adhserens. 5

Testa 4 poll. longa, colore albido. Valvule inferiores 15. costis 5 eleva-
: " tis;

*

30 -— Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAcxETT's

tis; valvule superiores in apicem desinunt, costis 7 vel 8, intermediis

minoribus, a margine posteriore divergentibus, . Valvula dorsalis com-
pressa, longitudinaliter striata,

A new species, found by Mr. Montagu on the Dor-
set coast, near Portland.
15.

fascicula- L. testa quinquevalvi levi, valvila: joni basi dilatata
ris angulo acuto prominente. |
Ellis Zooph. p. 167. t. 15. f. 6.
- Montagu Test. Brit. p. 557.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 144. - Lepas dilata.
Habitat in mari.

Testa tenuis compressa, deem csset ad apicem. acutis retrorsum
inclinatis.

First noticed and figured by Ellis. ~

PHOLAS.
ps Linn. Syst. Nat. ? n. 302.

Dactylus. Ph. testa ex hinc Kliculàtoetriaté:- ibo. Fauna

Suecica, n. 2124. Syst. Nat. n. 20. p. M10. Linn.
Gmel. p. 3214. | LAE q

Rond. Test. t. 23. f. 2. ere:
Lister Anim. Angl. App. t. 2. . f. 3. paa
—— Conch. t. 433. f. 276. :
Petiver Gaz. t. 49. f. 40...

ue Gualt. Test. t. 105. > D. ues B: post;

“Borlase Pale E si b ree TERT |
Da Costa Brit. Conch. TA dA. & 16. f 2. Phos mu-
ricatus. : |
Chemn.

9.
candida.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 31
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 101. f. 859. |

Murr. Fund. Test. t. 2 F3

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 89. Í. 10. P. Dattylus

` Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 26. t. 8. fr 2. P. hians.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 118. er.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 90.

Habitat intra scopulos, perterebratis saxis, 'noctu eie Jus J)
Testa ad 5 pollices longa, alba, tenuis, fragilis, striis subspinosis antrorsum
sensim ntinoribus, tandem evanescentibus.

Ph. testa oblonga, undique striis decussatis muricata.
Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 111%, n. 22. Linn. Geel. p. 3215.

p Lister Anim. Angl É 5. f. 39.

a App. f. 2 f. 4. G6.
— Conch. t. 278. J: 435.

| Gualt. Test. t. 105. f. E.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 39. xA 11. ^ Ph candidus.

. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 246. Ph. candidus.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 26. t. 1. fr 12. Ph. can-
dida.

‘Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 132,

Montagu Test. Brit. P- aot Ph. candida.
Habitat rarior in mari. ^ -
Testa vix digiti minoris Yoagitidine; oc iss; alba diaphana supra

fere tota transverse et agcelinattes Seca sn psitt onibus
mucronatis unde scabra. — —

Intus. decussatim. -excavato-striatay "l is. Cardo ex
lacinula levi, : arcte reflexa, (Lin is. Lud.. Ùh. p. 469.)
First noticed by Dr. ign atthe mouth of the Tees,
Durham; found on the N. Shore, Poole, Dorset, by

. Dr. Pulteney, and at Salcombe, in Dish. by Mr.

Montagu.
3. striata.

32 Dr. Marox's and Mr. RACKETT’S

3.

striata. Ph. testa ovata multifariam striata. Linn. Syst. Nat.

n. 21. p. 1111. Linn. Gmel. p. 3215.

Parsons in. Act. Ange. 55. t. 1. f. 1,2, 3, & Ph. co-
noides.

Gualt. Test. t. 105. f F.

Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 102. f. 861—6. |

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 27. t. 1. ge Ph. nanus.

Donov. Brit. Shells, t. 117.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 26.

Habitat in mari, navium carinas perterebrans.

-. Testa rudis opaca alba.. Sulcus transversus obsoletus- in duas partes val-
vulas dividit ; altera pars acutior minus striata, altera obtusissima im-
bricato-striata. Area triangularis margini propinqua, levis.

First described by Dr. Parsons, in the Philosophical
Transactions. :
It is uncertain whether the animal is bred on our

shores, or is onl denghé: hither in. the. bottoms of
ships.

re ARA " ETE SN UNDAE ^ NOME
p Mn "P re hee PUN ES WT c LENTUM SO QUOC NS
VP ERE EROR AMAR’ DE IUD IB ROE SED MEET RLW UTILES NT "yon TUE
KE oe i PU ET ES £u d 5 i TE CIS
3: NOM a # à

4. i
crispata. Ph. testa ovali hinc obtusiore crispato-striata, cardinis
dente curvo. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2125. Syst.
Nat. n. 25. p. 1111. Linn. Gmel. p. 3216..
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 5. f. 38.
App. t. 2. f. 1.
Conch. t. 279. f. 436.
_ Petiner Gaz. t. 19. f. 13. d
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 40. Jf. Wee IO
Olaf. Isl. t. 131. f. à. 6. pu wee
.. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 249. t. 15. f. A. P. bifrons.
Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. p. 27. t. 3. s 4.

Chemn.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. AnA]

Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 102. f. 872—4.
- Linn. Gmel. p. 3228. Solen. v dod 1
— — Encyclop. Method. t. 169. f.:5,6, T.
7 UI © Dongvan Brit. Shells, t. 62. & t. 69. ids a junior
T Montagu Test. Brit. p. 23.

Habitat in mari, saxis excavatis. s
Testa 14 vel 2 pollices longa, 2} vel 3 "S s. pen à altidi, vel fer-
ruginei, utraque extremitate hiante. Sulcus transversus in duas partes
valvulas dividens; altera pars obtusissima vix striata, altera vero acu-
tior striis imbricatis subserratis rugosa.
Cardo reflexus levis, at vero intus dente lineari incurvo sub umbonibus -
posito. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 469.)
. First figured by Lister. Found on various parts of
the British coast. dei

< parva. | ot testa ovali hit reticulato-striata, cliois DM
^ — —— « ex tuberculo orto. Bii
ia Brit. Zool. t. 4. f. s
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 22. t. 1. f. T8.
Habitat in mari, lignum perterebrans. .

Testa 4- poll. longa, 1 poll, lata, margine récurvo means cellulis, sulco
akiniai nullo, |

-First described. by. Pennant. ` "Found at ‘Salcombe, |
- South Deron hi Mr. Menieg P

iu du cepe ru
| s Linn. St Nat. n. S08 |
|: dubia. M. testa subo di nants Cardinis dente obsoleto, xp
— -< Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 44. f. 19. i ad e e
< Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 234. PE aR piv. poe
Suria in eah Dorset. gu 2T. t. 1. RA i- Pholas
aR . Faba. E de os |
-YOL. VIII. | Ro e n. odi Donovan

ed Dr. Maton’s and Mr, Racxertt’s

- Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 132.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 98. M. Pholadia. ‘

Habitat in mari, rupes calcareas perterebrans.

Testa magnitudine faba equine, rudis, tenera, subtilissime striata, al-
bescens, vel rafeeceme Brumoses. hiatu ovali instar Pholadum, utraque
extremitate connivens. - '

First noticed from "Weymotth: by Pennant. Found
on the Dorset coast by Dr. Pulteney also; and on the
Devonshire coast by Mr. Montagu.

With the habits and appearance of a Pholas, this
shell wants the essential characters of that genus, viz.
the accessory valves. It must necessarily, therefore,
be placed among the Mya.

Glycime- M. testa utrinque hiante, crassissima, lamellata, ob-
ris. longo-ovata, transverse striato-rugosa ; cardinis dente

primario crassissimo. Linn, Gmel. p. sgae.
Aldrov. Test; p. 878; ATARE eee tme!
Lister Conch. t. A14. F 258.. Iter. 5n
Guat: Test. 1:790. FA e SEO ose
Born Mug o LFE OS e 0
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 3. f. 25.

Donovan Brit. ale, t. 142. ge
Habitat in mari.
Testa ad 5 poll. longa, et 10 és, ochroleuca, i intus cretacea, Dens pri-
xc. marius crassissimus fere longitudinem ligamenti squat; posticus mi-
= nor subjacet apicibus incurvatis, pone quos series es plicarum extenditur.

van has Booted this species, but observes
| ! e | doubt as à British
= shell it is a kind, however, acknowledged. as such by
« collectors of English natural history in general, and
.* js said to have been undoubtedly fished up in the
Z 3 : s deep

3.
truncata.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 35

* deep waters between the Dogger Paàk and the East-
* ern coast of England.” |

M. testa ovata posterius. imas: . cardinis dente an-
--trorsum porrecto obtusissimo. Linn. F. Suec. n. 2196.
AS. Nat. p. 141. n. 26. Linn. Gmel. p. 3217.

Linn. It. Wgoth. t. 5. f. 3.

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 5. f. 36.

Conch. t. 428. f. 269.

Petiver Gaz. t. 79. f. 12.

Gualt. Test. t. 91. f. D.

Olafs Isl. t. X1. f. T. :

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. A1. f. 14.

Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 233. t. 15. f. 1. Ch. truncata.

+ O. Fabr. Fn. Groenl. p. 404. n. A06. o d

A.
arenaria.

z i »—
Si
Gl. oc

Encyclop. Method. t. 229. f. 2. a. b.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 21. t. 3. f. 1.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 92.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 32.

Habitat ad littora maris, sub arena.

Testa crassa sordide alba, 1} vel. 2 polliees longa, 3 vel 31 lata, striis
vel rugis transversis exarata, anterius conyexa rotundata, pouce an-
gustata truncata hiante.

Cardo constat lobo erecto, ut in sequente, (Linn. | ;

M. testa. ovata Doster, n ks vemm

trorsum po tu Q Eaa laterali.
Linn. Fauna esce n. 2195. Syst. Nat. p. 1112.
n. 27. Linn. Gmel. p. 3218.

Linn. It. Wgoth. p. 187.

r2 | co Tier

>

36 — Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RacxkErT's

Lister Conch. t. 419. f. 268? -
Baster Opusc. Subs. t. 7. f. 1. 3.
Lesser Testaceoth. f. 106.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 42. f. 16. l
. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 232. Chama arenaria.
O. Fabr. Fn. Groenl. p. 405 TO.
Chemn. Conch. 6. p. 3. vign. & t. V. f. 3, = =
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 4. f 8. T
Encyclop. Method. t. 229. f. 1. a. b
Donovan Brit. Shu 195: ^
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 30.

Halitat rarior in mari, sub oe ex duobus foraminibus in fundo obviis
investiganda. =

Testa eee ovi anseris, lata crassa ^ ovata, transverse Tugosa, coloris

Cardo valvule alterius constat lobo jotiibdis; cum denticulo laterali
postico, alterius ex cavitate subtus elevata. (Linn.) -

First noticed as British by Pennant. It has been
- found in Kent and the Ashe: of- Wight, a and x the shores
edict et Southampton Uve ax s
oe
declivis. M. testa ovata compressiuscula antice subtruncata, car-
dinis dente crasso.

um _ Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. n. Eg m

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. 27. t. 4. J 6. M. aoo
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 82: ^ —

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 40. M. pubescens. hs
— Habitat in mari, E Mr
pene hana tenuis ia fragilis pubescenie aca

V $ [Sy n a 58 o convexo, Tubs d
First Rees up for the Duchess of. Portland at
Weymouth Eeo- EX.

e t

$3

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 3T

Mr. Montagu informs us that small specimens of the
above are not uncommon in Falmouth Harbour, Corn-
wall; and larger on the Devonshire coast. Mr. Donovan
- first mee -= Am A . ken

CES iir pet Z

pratenuis. M. testa ovata planiuscula ; Stipp dente cochleari-

formi. |
Petiver Gaz. t. 94. f. ^. Chana preetenuis.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 28. t. 4. f. T.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 41. t. 1. f. 2.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. o

- Habitat in man. > —
` Testa alba subpellucida fragilis vix 1 ‘poll. longa, 2 lata.

Unmbones acutiusculi, ad medium teste. Valvule posticé hiantes.
First noticed by Petiver, from Poole. Found on the

co Dorset coast by Dr. Pulteney —Not uncommon in Fal-
mouth | TUDPOND d and. on the: south. coast of Devon
(Mr. Montagu). —

1.

distorta. M. testa subovali, valvulis difformibus, tumidioribus,

cardinis dente crasso.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 49. t. L f. is
Habitat in mari, saxis calcareis innidulans, -

Ha Testa alba fragilis pellucida, ¢ poll. longa, 1 poll. lata. Valvulæ distortee

- «| Dens latas subtriangularis in singulis valvulis. -

Plymouth, and on the shores

8.
Batava.

- rugosze sinuosz neque subtruncate ut in Misco : ;

Sd wer
ġ em

Discovered by Mr. Montagu, lod ed in. tone at

ly. M.

M. testa subovall, utraque extremitate rotundata.

— Ginanni Op. Post. t. 4. f. 17.

Schröt. Flussconch. t. 3. f. 2, 4, $ 5.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 1. F: 6. (eee
8 -a a te o Enbytlop.

38

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT's

Encyclop. Method. t. 248. f. 3.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 36.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 174. M. Pictorum.

Habitat in fluviis, rarissima.
Testa 1 poll. longa, 13. lata, colore olivaceo. Cardo ut in M. Pictorum.

Found in the river Monah d near pierit, Berks,
by Mr. Montagu. | Gi |

This species has been considered ry some &'authors as
Mya Pictorum, probably from being made use of by

. the Dutch to contain gold and silver leaf, ground for

painters. It seems to be common in Holland, but is
seldom found here. On an accurate examination of
Linnzus’s description and references, it is evident that
the following species, termed Mya ovalis by Dr. So-
lander and others, is the true M. Pictorum of the Sy-
stema Nature, since it exactly corresponds with the
figures given by Bonanni and Lister. Linnzus appears
also to have adopted his trivial name from Bonanni,

who says, “ Concha Pictorum dicta non.e colore,

“sed ab usu Pictorum qui colores, argenti aurique
* pigmenta ut plurimum in ea reponunt."

Pictorum. M. testa ovata, cardinis dente primario crenulato, la-

— Petiver Gaz. t 98. A 9.
Valentyn Mus. t. 14. F 15.
Ginann. Qp. Post. t. 4. f. 16.

terali longitudinali, alterius duplicato. Linn. Fauna
Suecica,n. 2129. Syst. Nat.1112, n. 28. Gmel. p. 3218.

Bonanni Recr. 2. f. 40.

Santee ga Angl. t. 2. f. 30.
aeri 5 J. P

Se Murray

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 39

Murray in Amen. Acad. 8. t, 29. f. 6.
Schröter Flussconch. t. 3. f. 3. & t. À. f. 6.
: Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 43. £ 17.
— Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 228. t. 15. f. 4.
o AEncyclop. Method. t. 248. f. 4.
E . i -Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 27. t.12. f. å M. ovalis.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 89. M. ovalis.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 31. M. ovalis. -
: Halitat in fluviis, frequens. *
| Testa 14 vel 2 poll. longa, 3 vel 4 lata, epidermide viridescente, oblongo-
ovata, magis elongata quam M. Batava.

First described and figured as an English species by

Lister.
10,
ovata. M. testa ovata, antrorsum angustata.
Lister Anim. Angl. App. f Ax pe T d

—— Conch € Tap 2?
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 31. "n p. 563.
Donovan Brit. Shells, 61239, 4 EX !
B Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 101. v.i E 122. i $9. M. de-
pressa... i,
Habitat in fluvüs. —
-Testa 14 poll. longa, aplata, vitidescente-brianes, interdum obsolete ra- -
T diata, crassiuscula, tumida, Cardout in M. Pictorum, sed prope extremi-
t postenorem. | Extremitas altera sales, feré pst.
B medio depressa, f ni m
First described and figured by i
The difference bet his E a and 1 Mya Picto-
rum was first bes out by Lister, by whom both
are accurately figured in the same plate, and who ob-
serves that they are both found i in the same rivers (Ouse,
Fosse, and Nid, in Yorkshire), a circumstance which
: - tends to confirm our opinion of their being perfectly
EET id muere | distinct

A0 _. Dr. Marow's and Mr. RAckETT's

distinct species, as their dissimilarity in shape cannot
* therefore be imputed to a difference in place of abode.
They are also found in the rivers Froome and Avon,
Somersetshire, and the New River, near London.
Li. p lo eS pep SE EMI SEI S
margari- M. testa ovata antice coarctata, cardinis dente prima- ‘
tifera. rio conico; umbonibus decorticatis. Linn. Fauna
Suecica, 2130. ye. Nat. p 1112. n. 29. Linn. Gmel.
p. 3219.
Lister Anim. Angl. App. t: T...
Conch. t. 149. f. 4.
Knorr. Vergn. À. t. 25. f. 2.
Schrot. Flussconch. t. 4. f. 1. —
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 43. f. 18.
„Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 225. t. 15. fad
— Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 13.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 33,

Halitat in fluviis. |

Testa ovali-oblonga, ponderosa, antice retuso-compressa, extus rudis nigri-
cans, 2 vel 2; pollices longa ad 54 lata, umbonibus valde decorticatis,
Intus testa albida, matricem perlarum exhibens cicatricibus duabus
pro insertione musculorum, valvulis clausis nec hiantibus, `

Cardinis dens conicus obtusus porrectus in alterius m dentem latum
fissum. (Linn. Fn. Suec.) ;

First described and figured by tiie Found in

rapid rivers and rocky torrents in the North, in Wales,
wdi in Devonshire.

E eme Da N

inequival-M. testa subtriangulari ; me T incurvatis gibbis.
vis. Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 3. f. 85. der x
t. 1. f.6. Encyclop. Method. (230. Fha

Montagu Test. Brit. p.38.
. Habitat in mari,

Testa

Descriptive. Catalogue of the British Testacea. 41

Testa vix magnitudine fabze equinze, crassa, rudis, sordide alba, transversim
striata et rugis antiquata, extremitate altera _ productiore subtruncata.
Epidermis subfusca. Valvule ‘ingequales, superior minor. Cardinis
dens unicus crassus triangularis i in alterius teste foveola excipitur.

—: oe

er. Dentes laterales nulli.
This shell is but indifferently figured by Walker.in. his
Testacea minuta rariora. It has been found at Sand-
wich by Mr. Boys, and on the coasts of Cornwall and
Devonshire by Mr. Montagu.
13.

bidentata. M. testa subovali compressa, cardinis dentibus antror-
sum porrectis, obliquis. . - :

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 44.

Habitat in mari, testas perforans.
Testa minuta diametro 4 poll. tenuis, sordide. alba,- levis. Cardo alterius —
valvule dentibus duobus. latis lamellatis dive yerg entibus, : "alterius nullis.

Found in Salcombe Bay, Devon ‘(burrowed in old
- oyster-shells) by Mr. Montagu.

14.
suborbi- M. testa ENERE valvulz alterius dente primario
cularis. — solitario, alterius du ear dentibus. lateralibus la-
T: SABEN Loi rr
il -Montagu. Test. Brit. p. 39. E I
Habitat in mari, rupes calcareas excavans. - pen 1 Tethys:
Testa -4 polis longa vel paulo major, 4. poll. lata, J facie dime, sub epi-
S SEN , Sermide brunnea; edd | | » veubstriata, intus
PA T p = De dat alis ; eq. tra.

VOL. VUL. ; n

"X

42

E

Dr. Maron’s and Mr. Racxerr’s
SOLEN.
Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 304.

Vagina. S. testa lineari recta, extremitate altera marginata, car-

dinibus unidentatis. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1113. n. 33.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3293. a.

Rumph. Mus. i. 45. f. M.

Gualt. Test. t. 95. f. D.

D’ Argenv. Conch. t. 24. f. K.

Lesser Testaceoth. f. 120.

Favanne Conch. t. 55. f. B. 1.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 46. f. 91.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 4. f. 26—28. ©

Encyclop. Method. t. 222. f. 1.

Pult. in Hutch. Dorset. p. 28. t. 4. f- 8. S. marginatus.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 110. S. marginatus.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 48. -

Habitat in mari, sub arena. |
Testa linearis glabra convexa, striis oólátáis ab extremitate truncata Ia
tudinaliter ductis, sed versus rotundatam extremitatem curvatis, desi-
nentibus in suturam cardinis.. Superficies externa epidermide decidua
. tecta, interne glabra magisque rufescens. Exíremitas postica cras-
sior,- oblique extrorsum truncata; antice vero rotundata. Cardo
versus angulum posticum dente unico erecto semiovato. (Linn. Mus.
Lud. Ulr. p. 472.)
— Fhigà bel, the Solen marginatus. of the Portland

bea ems of the s. Vagina, but can Estee be con-

sidered as a distinct species. Solen Vagina has the mar-

gin not so broad, hardly discernible on the outside,

and is rather longer in pone to its width; the co-
. lour

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 43

` Jour also inclines more to red d ours, which is vel

- 2.
Siliqua.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t EF 29.

lowish.
First noticed iy. Pinan Sod E lead: Found at
Weymouth by Dr. Pulteney, and near Llaugharne,

- Caermarthenshire, by Mr. Montagu, but rare.

S. testa lineari recta, cardine altero bidentato. Linn.
Fauna Suecica, n. 2131. Syst. Nat. p. 1113. m. 34.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3293.

Lister An, Angl. t. 5. f. 37. Conch. t. 409. f. 255.

Planc. Conch. t. 3. f. 6., OO ie

GUTES EU 777 e is s

Knorr Vergn. 6. t. 4. f. 1... "e

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 45. f. 20.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. | 235. t rA 4 Ress z

Encyclop. Method. T

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 28. t. 2. d 5

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 45. x

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 46..

t A Lister Conch. t. 413. f- inf.

A 21

. Habitat ad littora sub arena.
- Testa 'incaris, extremitate utraque truncata hiante, 6; 7, 8, Sllices lata, 14
- pollicis longa, glabra convexa; extus linea ab angulo baseos ad ex-
teriorem angulum apicis ducta : area exteriore re Hinge, longitudinaliter
cata Mad pandi ranisversim’ su iata. Extremitas
SR ig rotundata: postica crassic Cardo, ad angulum
- posticum = [s unico "fübulato in altera testa, in altera vero den-
tibus duobus subulatis parallelis, approximatis, qui inter se =
~ oppositum dentem. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. i A
B incurvata.

M “First — bys Lister. < Commons) 2.2: bouis;

jox- us : (22335558 3-

rd ax G 9 : —..&. Novacula.

m xD Mainio Mas laorrtrs

: 3. 4 : " > = on 3 :
Novacula. S. testa lineari recta, cardinibus unidentatis. -
Montagu Test. Brit. P AT.
_ Habitat in mar. . : LM :
_ Testa precedenti affinis; x nec di T 1 gui potent; nisi cardinis dentibus, qui se
invicem complectuntur. — —

Found near Llaugharne, Caermarthenshire by Mr.
Montagu, in

Ensis, s. testa lineari subarcuata bidentata. Linn. Syst. Nat.

p. 1114. n. 35. Linn. Gmel. p. 3224.

Lister Anim. Angl. App. t. 2. L 9. —— Conch. t. 411.
f. 25... | "iud uel. i

D' Argenv. Conch. t. 2A. 5s eee : YU

Favanne Conch. t. 55. J. A. 3.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 45. f. 22.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 237.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. A. f. 80. $e

Encyclop. Method. t. 993. f. 9. —— |

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. Bp. 28. tA. f as

Donovan Brit. Shells, 63

Montagu Test. Brit. ie 48.
Habitat in mari. _ , : ;
Testa 4 poll. longa, a} p cane extremitate truncata shines, parum
admodum recurvata versus suturam posticam, tecta extus epidermide
decidua, glabra, convexa, in medio transversim, ad latera vero longi-
iter striata, ita tamen ut area anterior versus basigi Aatior evadat,

eT

Descriptio e Catalogue of the British Testacea. 45.

-“Dönovan Brit. Shells, t. 153.
- Montagu Test. Brit. p. 49.

Habitat in mari. i

Testa 4 poll. longa, 1 poll. lata, tenuis, fragilis. "Epidermis viridescens,

Cardo paululum remotior ab extremitate quam in præcedente, dente. unico
-bifido in altera testa, in altera vero dentibus ducbas — ERR: qui.
inter se recipiunt oppositum dentem. '-

First described by Pennant, from Anytaned: Found
on the Kentish coast; in Cornwall; and abundantly at
Torcross, Devon, by Mr. f Mangi: 2

6.
Legumen.S. testa lineari aval: recta, cardinibus mediis bidenta-

tis, alterius bifido.. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1114. m. 35.

Linn. Gmel. p, 3224.

Lister Conch. t. 490. f. 20k. dd Mf cip
Plane. Conch. t. 3. 3: Mec. d enue
Gualt. Test. t. 91. f. AT
Adans. Seneg. t. 19. f. 3.
Born Mus. t. 2. f. 1. 2.
- Pennant Brit. Zool. t. A6. f. d
} i Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 238. REI.
d | -Chemn. Conch. 6: t; 5.f-88—8A.-. ia
| : 7 ee. Method. t. 225. f. 3. x
Pu que

dr Dorset. t. å. f. "m ut

Habitat it in mari.

Testa 4 poll.longa, 24 lata, tenuis, fragilis, aliai sub BRERA lutescente,

obsolete striata, utrâque extremitate rotundata — — c
angustata. Cardo versus medium teste.

First figured by Lister. Fouud (sparingly) on dies
| Hampshire coast, according to Da Costa ; at laugh- |
Dice : age ame,

|. 46

antiqua-

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT'S

arne, Caermarthenshire, by the Rev. T. Rackett;

and plentifully in Biddeford Bay, Devon, by Mr.

Montagu. |

S. testa ovali-oblon ga utrinque rotundata, cardine medio
nunc unidentato nunc bidentato. .

Adans. Seneg. t. 19. f. 3.

Pennant Brit. Zool. À. t. 46. f. 25.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 238.

Schroter Flussconch. t. 9. f. 1T.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t.6. f. 45?

Linn. Gmel. p. 3227. S. coarctatus?

Pult. in Hutch. Dorset. p. 28. t. 4. f. 5. ibid. S. fragilis.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 114.

. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 52. & p. 5l. Solen fragilis.

Habitat in in mari.

Testa 1 poll. longa, 2 lata, tenuis, sübpellucida, aids; sub epidermide fla-
vescente-brunnea, levissime transversaliter substriata, a cardine ad
marginem paululum depressa. Cardo ad medium teste. Valvula
altera dente unico subulato, altera dentibus duobus dissimilibus
recurvis.

First noticed by Pennant, who mistook it for Solen

Cultellus of Linnzus. Perhaps it is Solen coarctatus of

Gmelin, but of this we are doubtful. Recent observa-

2 tions of Mr. Montagu have. determined Solen fragilis

ibed by Dr. Pulteney to be Solen cognati in a

^ Neymouth={ (Pen dani) ty Mr. Bry er. Re-

~~ ceived from the. Hampshire coast by Da Costa. Mr.

-Montagu has obtained it at Looe, i in Cornwall.

8. vespertinus.

8.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. AT

desperti- S. testa ovali-oblonga compressiuscula, cardinis sinis-

nus. -

tre valve dente solitario, duplici. alterius inserto.

Linn. Gmel. p. 3228. . a
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. AT. TER E Hina depressa.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 7. f. 5980. a. b.
_ Encyclop. Method. t. 998. f. 2.

9.

minutus.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 29. t. 5. f. ESN RA
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 41. f. 2. T. variabilis.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 94.

Habitat in mari.

Testa ad 14 poll. longa, fere 24 iih; alba radiis roseis vel purpurascentibus
a: cardine ad marginem divergentibus, transversim snae, intus pur-
purascens, crassiuscula, levis.

First figured by Pennant. Found on the Dorset and

ic Mak coasts.:

S. testa ovali, Valvatarom angulis utrisque serratis. Linn.

Syst. Nat. p. 1115. n. 42. Linn. Gmel. p. 3226.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 53. t. 1. f Å..

Habitat intra rupes marinas calcareas.. :
Testa 4 poll. longa, 4 poll. lata, ovalis, striata, apice HERRES Carine a
cardine versus apicem divergentes, acute, serrato-dentate. (Linn.)

First noticed as British by Mr. Montagu, who found

*

. it burrowed in limestone at Plymouth.

Otho Fabricius, in his Fauna Groenlandica, supposes

the Solen minutus and Mya arctica of Linnæus to be

the same shell; but he describes the latter as adhering
to the roots of Alga, which does. not correspond with
the habits of the former. The figures in Chemn. Conch.

6. t. 6. f. 51. 52. § Lister Conch. t. 426. f 261. pe
_sent a larger specimen than ours.

10. squamosus.

48 Sr Dr. Mazon’s and Mr. RAckzTT's
10.
.squamo- S, testa hakisin cardinis dentibus duobus bifidis,
sus. ab umbone divergentibus.
sum ` Montagu Test. Brit. P. 565.
. Habitat in mari.
Testa 2 poll. longa, i lata, tenuis, plana, pellucida, alba, rugis obsoletis
. concentricis, minutissime punctata, quasi sagrinata; intus alba, levis
|. glaberrima ; striis nonnullis obsoletis ab umbone radiantibus. Umbo
| parvus centralis, ; Dentes erecti, sulco in duas laminas divisi. (Mon-
SAM). CO 3
~ This species hes been found only by Mr. Montagu, i in
7 Salcombe Bay, Devon.
Pinna, S.testà depresso-subovata, valvulis ad Si rectis.
~ Montagu Test. Brit. e iet tU 35. id 3.
-> Habitat in mari. |
Testa $ poll. longa, 3 a tenuis, fragilis, disi she depressa, rugis
. densis concentricis, Valvula altera paululum concava, altera convexior.
hime, pues eos: exuemitatem, Mae Mero E Cardinis

a MC :
€T nube
[243 19 p e. S

TELLINA.
“Linn, Syst. Nat. n. 305.

| * Orate crassiusculæ.

x a ‘cles 15 inserted in our ‘British catalogue
on abe authority of the. late Mr. Adams; but it has
never fallen under our own ADLee., | o a

23 Ferrüensis.

m ;

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. ::49

. 2.
I orco T festa oblongo-ovata, subtiliter transversim striata, car-
sis. dinis dentibus lateralibus nullis. Linn. Gm. p. 3235.

Lister Anim. Angl. App. t. 1. f. 8. Conch. t. 394. f. 241.
Peticer Gaz. t. 94. f. 9.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 47. f. 31.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. 209. t. 14. f. 1. T. radiata.
Born. Mus. t. 2. f. 5. T. angulata.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 10. f. 91.

Linn. Gmel. p. 3231. T. Dornii.

Encyclop. Method. t. 227. f. 5?

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 29. t. 6. f. 1.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 60. T. trifasciata.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 55.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

_ Testa 3 poll. longa, 14 lata, albescens, idi rubris. fasciculatis a Cardi
ad marginem, anticé productior oblique truncata. Valvule a cardine
leviter carinatze, striis transversis versus marginem anteriorem in angu-
lum deflexis. Cardinis Dentes duo obliqui in valvulis ambabus.

Testa T. Gari maximé affinis.

First figured by Lister, who found it at Scarborough,

in Yorkshire. Found also on the western coast.
We may here observe, that Lister’s figure and de-
scription in the App. An. Angl. are referred to by Lin-
neus, both in his Fauna Suecica and Systema Nature,
for T. trifasciata, and also T. incarnata; but Lister’s
shell does not accord with the specific characters of
: either. Gmelin has retained Linnzus's errors, and
makes a distinct species of Born's T. angulata, under
the name of T. Borni. It is not T. angulata of Lin-
neus, but is evidently the same with T. Ferroensis,

above described. | |
VOL. VIII. H : 3. inequi-
MISSOURI
: BOTANICAL

a — Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Racxert’s |

nea T. testa oblongo-rostrata, valvula altera plana. Linn.
valvis. Syst. Nat. p. 1118. n. 56. Linn. Gmel. p. 3233.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 11. f. 106. a. b. c. d?
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 41. f. 1.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 73.
Habitat in mari.

Testa 4 poll. longa, 1 poll. lata, lactea, levis, pellucida. Sutura dorsalis
recta, excurrens in rostrum obtusum patulum. Valvula altera plana, al-
tera convexa. Cardo dentibus duobus, absque lateralibus.

First described as British by Mr. Donovan. Small
ones are found on the Kentish coast.
A. idi
donacina. T. testa ovata, compresso-planiuscula, leviuscula, an-
t.1. f-7. terius obtusissima. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1118. n. 59.
Linn. Gmel. p..3234.
. Gualt. Test. t. 88. f. N.
. Pennant Brit. Zool. n.39?......
“Ties in Hutch. Dorset. e 99. i i 42. T: 8. b.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 58. |

Habitat in mari.

Testa 4 poll.longa, vel paululum major, 1 pati: lata, levis, gabri; semipel-
lucida, colore albo-lutescente, radiis plurimis rubris, ab umbonibus ad
marginem, minutissime transversim striata, sulcis vel rugis 2 vel 3 ob-
soletis: facie Donacis. Cardo versus extremitatem, in altera valvula
dentibus duobus, primario bifido ; in altera dente unico.

First found near Sandwich, in Kent, by Mr. Boys. It
ince been observed at Weymouth by Dr. Pulteney,

Cornish. dnd. Joyogshins coasts by Mr.

punicea. T. testa einas se quiinters, densissime transversim

striata. Linn. Gmel. «P 3239.

8 Born

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. | 51

Born Mus. t. 2. f. 8.

` Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 29. t. T. f: 5. T. lota.
-~ Donovan Brit. Shells, T 123. T. inaequistriata.

6.
depressa.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 57. T. leta.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa 3. poll. longa, 14 lata, depressa, delicatissime striata, colore rosaceo
vel flavescente-albo, fasciis candidis, intus glaberrima punicea. Um-
bones acuti. Cardo in medio teste. Dentes tres; lateralis remotior
obsoletus. j

First described as British by Dr. Pulteney. Found
between Weymouth and Portland, Dorset, by Mr.
Bryer.

We have Sübetituted uel s name of T. punicea for
Dr. Pulteney's T. leta, as his edition of the Systema
Nature is in general use, and was prior to the publica-

tion of the Dorsetshire Catalogue. This rule we have

generally observed in the following pages. The name
of T. leta was first given to this species by Dr. Solan-
der, in a description of Testacea in the Portland
Museum, but which he left unfinished, and which was
never printed. :

T. testa inzequilatera, depressa, minutissime striata. Linn.
Gmel. p. 3238.
Gualt. Test. t. 88. f. L.

Chemn. Conch, 6. t. 10. f. 96.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 99.1 t. ii s. f 2, T. squalida.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 56, T. squalida.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 163.

Habitat in mari, rarior.
Testa 1 poll. longa, 14 lata, tenuis, subdiaphana, subflava seu a as,
anterius productior, angulata, acutiuscula; Pus rotundata, sub-
H 2 . tilissime

52

T.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Racxerr’s

tilissimé transversim striata. Umbones acuti. Cardinis dentes m val-
vula altera duo, in altera tres; unus remotior.

First noticed as British by Dr. Pulteney, who found
it sparingly on the North shore, near Poole, and at
Weymouth, Dorset. Found in Cornwall and Devon-

shire, by Mr. Montagu ; and at Tenby, Pembrokeshire,

by Mr. Donovan.
This species, called by Dr. Solatieer P alia, and

commonly known to British collectors by that name,

is evidently T. depressa of Gmelin, which appellation
we have retained for the reasons before stated.

Fabula. T. testa ovata compressa inflexa, anterius substriata,

valva altera levi, altera oblique substriata, striis re-
flexis. Linn. Gmel. p. 3239.
Gronov. Zooph. 1.18. f. 9.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. is 34. $ 12, TRU 3. § f. 3.a.

T. discors. —

Donovan Brit. Shells, " 97.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 61.

Habitat in mari, rarior. rims

Testa 3; poll. longa, 45, lata, tenuis, glabra, alba seu subflava. Tellin
depress simillima, sed vix dimidiam magnitudinem zequans, striis
in valvulam sinistram vix nisi oculo armato aspiciendis. — Cardinis
dentes tres in valvula sinistra, duo in altera.

First noticed by Mr. Boys, who found it at Sandwich.
It has been seen also near Tenby, S. Wales, and. at

= Kingsbridge, Devon, by Mr. Montagu ; and on Studland

tenuis.

c e beach, d of Purbeck, Dorset, iP the Rev. T. Rackett.

T. testa subtriangulari-planiuscule, tenerrima.
Lister Conch.. t. A04. i 251. Fx

. Petiver

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 55

— Petiver Gaz. t. 94. f. 5.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 48. f 29. T. planata.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 210.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 11. f. 101?

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 29. t. 5. T 3. T. polita.

~ Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 19. fig. tres inf. .—.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 59.

Habitat in mari, frequens.

Testa 4 poll. longa, 4 lata, tenuis, fragillima, depressa, glabra, subtilis-
simé transversim striata, anterius subangulata, colore rubro, vel in-
carnato, albo vel flavo, fasciis pallidioribus concentricis ey
Cardo dente unico laterali, valyule alterius.

First figured by Lister. Common on most of our

. shores.

9 .
striata.

- 10. — 2
fausta.
t. 1. f. 8.

T. testa — utrinque. rotundata. ex | roseo-alba

pellucida. Linn. Gmel. p.3938.

“Gualt. test. t. 89. f. C.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 12. f. 117.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 60.

Habitat in mari. E

Testa 1 poll. longa, 4 lata, glabra, striis minutissimis. . concentricis, intus-

. rosacea, Cardinis dentes duo, cum lateralibus remotis lamellatis.

: Noscitur a T. tenui striis transversis regularibus, et dentibus crassis
— lateralibus. (Montagu.)

. Found only by x Bryer, between | Weymouth and

T. testa suborbiculata, stris transversis minutissimis ob-

- soletis. .
Lister Conch. t. 266. a 102; ?
Born Mus. t. 9. f. 11.

: Chemn.

54 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Racxett’s

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 12. f. 112. bene.

Pultenei y in Hutch. Dorset. p. 29. t. 5. " 5.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 64.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 98.

Habitat in man. —

Testa 1 poll. longa, 16. iota, «NÉ lactea, subdiaphana, levis, de-
pressior, marginibus utrinque rotundatis, intus glaberrima flavescens.

Umbones acutiusculi. Cardinis dens panum bifidus; dens lateralis
| valvulee dextrae remotior et solidior.

"Put described as British by Dr. Pulteney, who says
it is found at-Weymouth, Dorset.

Gmelin has referred to the above figures in Born and
Chemnitz for T. Remies of Linnæus; but our shell does
not sufficiently agree with his descuphom as it cannot

S be said to be rugose.

11. |
reticulata.'T. testa lentiformi compressa, rata Linn. Syst.
t. l. F9 rx Nat. p. 1119.
| Rumph. Mus. t. . E. |
=> Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 12. m 118. bene.
| | Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 99. t. 5. J-A. T. “proficua.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 67. T. proficua.

Halitat in mari, rarissima.
Testa diametro 1 poll. vel magis, alba, compressa, striis transversis elatio-
ribus, minus approximatis, interstitiis numerosissime longitudinaliter
striatis, striis lynceis tantum oculis conspiciendis ; intus flavescens. .
- Cardo fossula magna lineari juxta denfes laterales,
t acie? : as ees by Dr. r. Pulteney who found

p ive
Radula. !

E Petiver Gaz. t. 93. T 18. end” e d

Favanne

13.

crassa.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. Jos

Favanne Conch. t. 48. f. 3.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 130. bene. V. borealis.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 68. t 2. f. 1,2. bene.

Habitat in mari.

Testa diametro 11 poll. feré orbicularis, alba, vix pellucida, striis con-
centricis numerosis distinctissimis elatioribus recurvis, intus cretacea.
Margo integerrimus, intus striis membranaceis longitudinalibus confer-
tis. Umbones acuti, paululum prominentes. Differt a T. reticulata
quod magis orbicularis et caret striis longitudinalibus.

First figured by Petiver, who calls it ** 'Thread-girdled
White Cockle.” It has been found plentifully in Corn-
wall and Devonshire; and less frequently at Llaugh-
arne, Caermarthenshire, by Mr. Montagu. 3

T. testa subrotunda depressa, sulcis transversalibus
numerosissimis,

— Lister Conch. t. 299. T 136.

Pennant Brit. Zool. À. t. 48. iid "
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 194. t. 13. f. 4. dextra. Pect.

ressior. xe
depressio v

- Linn. Gmel. p. $288. Venus crassa. |
. Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 30. t 7. Jf 4. PE pu. |

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 65.

Donovan Brit. Shells, FÉ 103. T. Beide.
D mari,

e longa, 2 dés: colore. subalbido, in e " n fasciis rosaceis,
"ule dentibus duo-

: le E dentibus lateralibus -
duobus. =

First figured and described by Pennant. Found on

~ the Cornish coast, by Da Costa; at Weymouth, Dor- —

set, by Dr. Pulteney ; 5 and. on the Devonshire coast, by zt
Mr. Montagu. | |

nid ' Gelin

14.
lactea.

15;
«votunda-

ta.

16.
flexuosa.

Dr. Maros's and Mr. RACKETT’S

Gmelin (who appears to have described too many
species merely from figures) has placed this shell as a
Venus,—an error to which he was led by indulging a
conjecture only on Lister's plate, where the hinge is not
represented.

T. testa lentiformi gibba alba pellucida lævi. Linn.
Syst. Nat. p. 1119. n. 69. Linn. Gmel. p. 3240.

Gualt. Test. t. 71. f. D.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 13. f. 125.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 30. t. 5. f. 9.

Montagu Test. Brit. ETOL S-A

Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa diametro 3. poll., alba, convexa, -okt transversim striata, rugis
nonnullis antiquata. Cardo in altera valvula constat dentibus duobus,

in altèra dente unico. Distinguitur a cæteris quod sulcus ab umbone
versus suturam decurrit.

- First described by Dr. Pulteney. It is found on va-
rious parts of the coast, but not common.

T. testa subcohvexa arhoali velvulis bidentatis, dente
altero bifido, altero divergente.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 30. t. 5. f. 8. T. undata.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 71. t. 2. f. 3. :

Habitat in mari.

Testa interdum diametro 1 poll., subdiaphana, candida, striis transversis
feré obsoletis; intus glaberrima, candida, cicatrice nulla. Umbones

recurvi, prominuli. Testa V. undatc affinis, umbone vero minus pro-
ducto, et dentibus duobus tantum.

Found at Poole, Donet; and on the Cornish and

DR Devonshire coasts.

T. testa Serpe meris, sinu ‘ab umbone ad mar- .

ginem decurrente.

Donovan

Descriptive Catalogue of the Pris Testacea. 57

Donovan Brit. Shells, t, 42. £ à. Me sinuosa,
- Montagu Test. Brite M 12. p
— Habitat in mari. | dii
` Testa diametro vix 4. poll. nivea, bacis rugosa, Margo plica seu sinu
impressus. Cardinis dens obsoletus. — , -
First discovered in Cornwall, by Mr. Montagu ; not
. . uncommon on the South coast of Devon. - |
17;
carnaria. T. testa Seien queri levi, utrinque incarnata, ob-
lique striata, striis hinc reflexis. Linn. Syst. Nat.
p. 1419. n. 66. Linn. Gmel. p. 3240.
_ Lister Conch. t. 339. f. 176. |
Born Test. t. 2. f. 14. ;
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 181. Card. carneosum.
.. Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 13. f. 126. E:
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. do. t Sf bes 2
.. Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 47.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 13.
Habitat in mari. i
_ Testa diametro ferè 1 poll., colore rosaceo, fasciis transversis albis apici-
‘busque roseis, parum convexa, subtilissime striata, Area antica con-
stat striis obliquis a margine anteriore ; postica striis transversis, un-
dulatis ; intermedia striis obliquis : ab umbone versus su gorem par-
tem. Cardo dentibus congenerum. —
First goned by Da Costa, from Yorkshires Devon-

da m

= Dr Pulteney n Steere T

- bimacula-T. testa triangulo-subrotunda, latiore, levi, albida ;
: fa. intus maculis duabus sanguineis subrotundis. Linn.

«s Fn. Suec. n. 2135. due Nat. p 1120. ; n. ut Linn. |

Gmel. p. 3240. a
VOL. VIII. =I De Costa :

jabdula.

Dr. Maros's and Mr. RAckETT's

Da Costa Brit. Conch. pc 213.

Chemn. Conci. 6. t. 13. f. 197, 4 132.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 30. t. 5. f- T.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 19. f. 1, 2
Montagu Test. Brit. p. Pai

Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa magnitudine unguis extimi poi E us ‘shbdidptinns, maculis ine
ternis parum pellucentibus, interdum radiis purpurascentibus, minu-
tissime transversim obsolete striata. Cardinis Dens primarius duplex,
in medio testz, satis manifestus.

First noticed by Da Costa, from Tes coasts of Hip:
shire and Lancashire. Dr. Pulteney and Mr. Bryer
procured it from the Dorsetshire coast, near Weymouth.

T. testa subglobosa, anterius subangulata.
Bonanni Recr. 2. f. 44. Mus: Kirch. 2. f. 43.
Lister Anim, Angl. t. À. f. 25. Conch fi $05. f. 250.
Petiver Gaz. t. 94. f26. 5 oe oes |
Pennant Brit. Zool. A. t. A9. 39: Tc carnaria.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 211. t. 12. f. 4. T. rubra.

Favanne Conch. t. 49. f. B.5? =

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 29. t. 8. f ve

Montagu Test. Brit. p.63. :

Habitat in mari, frequens. —

Testa diametro fere 1 poll. solida, valde convexa, pesi fasciis concentricis.
rubris, luteis, albidis variegata; intus glaberrima, rubra, alba, vel lutea.

do constat dentibus duobus parvis in alterutra valvula..

weoneneny: of our shores need 4 or 5 inches.

First gore a deante | as . British- by Lister.
Pennant mistook this species for T. carnaria of Lin-
neus. Gmelin has referred to is of it for varieties

of

20.

cornea.

. im rivers and Lge T

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 50

of T. incarnata; but it neither corresponds with Lin-

mwus's description “ compresso-planiuscula ;" nor will it

fall into the subdivision where he has placed that shell.

T. testa globosa, glabra, colore corneo, sulco transver-
sali. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2138. Syst. Nat. p. 1120.
n. (2. Linn. Gmel. p. 3241.

Lister Anim. Angl..t. 2. f. 31. App. t. 1. f. 5.

Conch. t. 159. f. 14. |

Gualt. Test. t. 7. f. C.
- D'Argenv. Conch. t. 31. f.9. |
Pennant. Brit. Zool. 4. t. 49. f. 36.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 113. t. 13. fi 2. Cardium Nux.
Muller Verm. p. 202. 'Y.rivalis. odor oiaret 3
Chemn. Conch. 6. Ti AS. d 133. a. dus € n on

Maton in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. t. 18. f. 89, 40

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 31. t. 7. f. 2.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 95.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 86. Cardium c corneum.
Lister Anim. Angl. App. p. 22. Riga
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. axe Cz amnicum.
Habitat in rivis et paludibus copiosissima. Incola vivipara. -

‘Testa magnitudine seminis pisi majoris, sub epidermide ` 'cornei coloris,

osa; lzevis, valde gibba, latior transversim qua ma cardinibus a an-

- trorsum uno ies striave EM ante

First otc s T. ter, who ES mentions the va-
riety, which is Dr. Pulteney's C.: 'amnicum. Common

60
21.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAcxETT's

lacustris. T. testa rhombea planiuscula alabra, umbone acuto.

92.
amnica.

Linn. Gmel. p. 3942.
Muller Verm. p. 204. n. 388.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 13. f. 135.

| Schrót. Flussconch. p. 191. n. 12. lola 4125]

Mi ontagu Test. Brit. p 89. Curium lacustre.

Habitat in rivis. Incola vivipara. —

Testa $s poll. longa, 4t, lata, glabra, tenuis, pellucida, cornei coloris, sub
epidermide fusca. Valvule versus marginem complanate seu depressze.
Umbones valde prominentes. Cardo dente primario simplici in altera
valvula, in altera bifido, cum dentibus lateralibus in alterutra valvula.
Distinguitur a T. cornea; quod subrhombea, umbones des d
margo compressus.

Discovered by Mr. Swaimon: ina siet near Bul-
strode. Found by Mr. Montagu near Hatch, Devon;

in the Avon at Lackham ; and àt Wedhampton, Wilts.

TN testa. oblique subovata, t

— Gualt. Test. t T- 4 ©, e.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 13. ff. 194. Ed

Muller Verm. p. 205. n. 389.

Linn. Gmel. p. 3242. —

Maton in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. Be 44. 4.13. f 37, Se X.
rivalis.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t.. 6A. f. 2. T. rivalis.

| eny i in Hutch. Dorset. t. 7. f. 2. a.

yu Test. Brit. p. 86. Cardium ETE

n rivis, rarior. Incola vivipara. - E

Tota 3 poll. longa,. + lata, coloris cornei, rdg: Ss latioribus, anterius
~~ planiuscula, cardinis dentibus duriusculis prominulis. Differt a T. cor-

mea, quod umbones acutiores, ct cardo versus extremitatem nec ad
medium teste, (Maton.)

First

E
anedium.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 61

-First distinguished as British by Dr. Maton, in the

sd Vol. of the Linnean "Transactions. Found in the

rivers N. and S. Avon, Wilts, the Stour, and the Ware-
ham river, Dorset.

CARDIUM ^
Linn. Syst. N at. n. 306.

C. testa subcordata, subangulata, valvulis angulatis,
sulcatis, levibus. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1122. n. 77.
M. L.U. p.485. Linn. Gmel. p. 3246.

Lister Conch. t. 316. f. 153. T

Gualt. Test. t. 85. f. B. ! |

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 16. f. 162, 10 ct

— Donovan. Test. Brit. t. 88. fk = 9 *

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 83.

Habitat in mari.

Testadiametro I poll, alba, maculis spadiceis aut fuseis variata, costis pluri-
mis cum intermediis sulcis lzevibus, valvulis altero latere quasi trunca-
tis, medio tamen prominentibus. Cardinis dens primarius unicus.

First figured by Mr. Donovan. Found at Hartle-

__ poole, Durham, 22 the Rev. T. Rackett. a

ep

c. testa subcordata, subangulata, sulcis. recurvato-im-
_bricatis. | | : |

Lustig

Walker TUR . Min
Linn. Gmel. p. 3255.

-. Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 32... 3. C. pygmaum. |

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t... PS Lk.

Montagu Test, Brit, p. 82-

Habitat in maris M em
| Testa

62 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAcKkETT's

Testa diametro 4 poll. vel paululum major, alba vel ochracea, intus can-
dida, costis 20 tuberculatis, interstitiis dense transversim striatis,
First found by Mr. Boys, at Sandwich; and figured
by Walker. Found also in Falmouth Harbour, by Dr.
Maton. notuosstE-3e 5... i
3;
aculeatum.C. testa subcordata, sulcis convexis linea exaratis, ex-
— terius aculeato-ciliatis. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1122.
n. 78. Linn. Gmel. p. 3247. :
Guait. Test. t. 12. f. A.
Seba Mus. 3. t. 86. f. 4.
Favanne Conch, t. 52. A. =
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 50. f. 37.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 175.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 15. f. 155—157.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 6.

Montagu Test. Bey. cp NL 3

Habitat in mari. = ee

Testa cordata, postice magis ae convexa, sulcata: D rede pluri-
mis, exaratis, distantibus, versus marginem exteriorem repando-denta-
tum; dentibus acutis, distantibus, compressis. Color extus rufescens,
intus albicans, sulcis plurimis. Rima ovato-oblonga, hians. Cardinis
dentes primores in altera valvula duo, in altera vero unicus; alterno
minore, marginalis utrinque unicus compressus, ad eo rectum.
formatus. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 485.)

B Fit figured by Pennant, who says it is found off the
= Bb ides and Sins Mr. Montagu has found it on

spinosum. G Pia oblique os ding: truncata, sulcis emi- -
nentioribus spinoso-aculeatis. |
Sowerby Brit. Miscel. p. 65. t. 32;
Habitat in mari, m

Testa

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 63

Testa similis C. aculeato, sed tenuior, magis truncata. Spine compressæ,
acute, altero teste latere versus Eu Miete è cardine flexi.

.. (Sowerly.) | :
= This species was first libtieed; by Mr. Sow erby, on

whose authority it is here given, and who received it
from the coast of Devonshire.

5: è
echina- C.testa subcordata, sulcis exaratis, linca ciliata, aculeis _
tum. inflexis plurimis. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2139. Syst.

Nat. p. 1192. n. 79. Linn. Gmel. p. 3247.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 5. f. 33. Conch. t. 324. f. 161.
Seba Mus. 3. 1. 86. f -IEN SGA dose tse
Gualt. Test. t. 72. f. B. tm me
Murray in Amen. Acad. t. 2. f..19.
Muller Zool. Dan. p. 46. t. 13. ts 12.—t 2f) 1—4.
Pennant Brit. Zool. n. 98. - y :
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 76. t. 1. f: 2.
Favanne Conch. t. 52. f. C. 2.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 15. f. 158.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 30. t. 6. f. Js
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 107. Vid Lag
Montagu Test. Brit. P. vig

=- Habitat in mari, frequens. - s

— Testacordata, umbonibus Etha; exarata, aise 10dsanibus, dentis icato-
| carinatis, ciliatis, spinis parvis, sepius 12, erectis, subulatis, interstitiis
ITA sulcorum transversim striatis, at non in n medio st _ Margo dentibus.
. obtusis alterni: oribus in | apice a se invicem
poss ee alba est , ui : a. Cardinis dentes primores
bini recurvi, altero. minore, marginis utrinque solitarius, compressus,
fossula distinctus. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. E

First noticed ri D

|... 6. ciliare.

64
6.

ciliare.

T.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckETT's `

C. testa subcordata, sulcis elevatis triquetris, extimis
aculeato-ciliatis. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1122. n. 80.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3243.

— Lister Conch. t. 325. f. 162,

Gualt. Test. t. 12. f. C..

Pennant Brit. Zool. À. t. . 50. o. f. 39.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 177. C. parvum,

| Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 31. t. 4. f. 1.
- Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 32. f. 2.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 79.
Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa diametro 3- poll. tenuis, nivea ; palet triquetti, latere scilicet altero
adnato. (Linn.)

. Found on the Dorset pin by Dr. Pulteney ; ; and
in Cornwall and Devonshire, by Mr. Montagu; but
rare. It has been brought also from the Orkneys.

tubercu- C. testa subcordata, sulcis obtusis, nodosis, transversim

latum.

striatis. Linn. Syst. Nat. Re 1122. n. 81. Linn. Gmel.
p. 3248.

Bonann. Recr. 2. f. 100.

Rumph. Mus. t. 48. f. 11.

Seba Mus. 3. t. 80. f. 7. |

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 31. t. 2. f. 2.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 107. f. 2.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 19. $ p. 568. —

ersin n bia x versus latera et eorum

extrema nodis aliquot ea Margo dentatus, dentibus anteriori-

= cum exterioribus cohærentibus, Color albidus, fasciis aliquot luteo-
Scis, ' | :

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 65

Testa simillima C.echinato, fere omnibus etiam rima, | cardine, dentibus,
-diversa tantum colore, striis, aculeis, (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 486.)

First noticed by Dr. Pulteney on the Dorset coast ;
found by Mr. Montagu at the mouth of the Ex, Devon.
The specimens we have seen are stronger, thicker, and

larger than C. echinatum.
8. ! | |
lgvigatum.C. testa obovata, striis obsoletis longitudinalibus. Linn.

Syst. Nat p. 1123. n. 88. M. L. U. p. 490. Linn.
Gmel. p. 3251. |
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 5. f. 32. — Conch. t. 332. f. 169.
. Petiver Gaz. £. 98. f. 10...
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 51. f. 40. C. i cecal.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 178. t. 13. f. 6.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 18, f. 189.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3255. C. fluviatile. -
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 31. t. T. 6 6.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 54. C. levigatum.

. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 80.
Habitat in mari, frequens.
Testa interdum diametro 2 poll. sub epidérmide rufescente-brunneá, lutes-
cente- vel rufescente-alba, solida, rugis striisque nonnullis transversis.
Margo intus crenatus, Tate pn ieri colore rosaceo
J variegatæ. `.
"This species was first etm by Lister. Gmelin has
x B ERN to that author's figure for. an. ron
ies stituted. penis which he calls Cardium fluvi

edule. T testa antiquata, bsolete recurvato-imbri-
. - eatis. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2141. Sy = Nat. p.1124.
em 90. Linn. Gmel p.3259. ^^

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 5. zd $4. — Conch t. 993. f- ITI.
Gualt. Test, t, T1. F. - : P

- VOL. VIII. K ec Knorr

66 ! —— Dr. Marow's and Mr. Racxetr’s

Knorr Vergn. 6. t. 8. F. 4. |

Penndut Brit. Zool. 4. t. 50: f. ål. C, edule.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 180. t. 11. f. 1.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 19. f. 194.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 80.4 11. f. T...

- Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 124. F 2. E rusticum.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 70. C. edule —

_ Habitat in sinubus. sub arena, vulgaris. .
Testa magnitudine nucis juglandis, crassa, sub epidermide nigricante, lutes-
... . eente-alba, rugis duobus tribusve transversis. Sulci longitudinales cir-
citer 26, interjecto spatio vix striato. Hi sulci in umbonibus leves,
versus marginem imbricato-rugosi, versus marginem profunde insculpti.
Testa intus alba, levis, antice violaceo- brunnea.

-A variety, much larger, from the shores of Essex, is
+ called the Ross Cockle. This is figured by Mr. Dono-

van for Cardium rusticum.

rubrum. CE testa. rotundata, convexa, c cardinis dentibus primariis
uoc m e obsoletis, lateralibus. enfer: ses
: Montagu Test. Brit. p. 9: iae

Walker Test. Min. Rar. a. 862

Habitat fh. mari.

Testa minuta 4 poll. lata, glabra, PS uve subra, utrinque ro-
.— tundata ; intus glabra, rubra, margine integerrimo. ( Montagu.)
| From the Kentish coast. (Walker.) Found at Fal-
— .-— mouth, and Kingsbridge, Devon, by Mr. Montagu.
nodosum. í

is 24, tuberculis nu-
Montag Test, Bri cm Sh | Ape

Halitat in mari, rarior. EO a ine :
Testa diametro 3 poll. recent m minus s convexa, costis minus acu-
: tis,

Descriptive Catalogue of -the British Testacea. 67

tis, tuberculis obtusioribus et di&tantioribus quam in testa juniore
C. echinati. (Montagu.)
Discovered at Falmouth, in Cornwall, by Mr. Mon-

tagu.
19. :
arcuatum. C. testa orbiculari, transverse arcuatim striata. Montagu
Test. Brit. p. 85. t. 3. f. 2.

Habitat in mari.

Testa Telling divaricate affinis, diametro vix 4 poll. tenuis, fragilis, semi-
pellucida, alba, sed non glabra, subtilissimé striata, rugis nonnullis
concentricis. Umbones centrales, acuti.

For the discovery of this elegant species we are in-.
debted to Mr. Montagu ; he describes it : as rare in Fal-
mouth Harbour. '

13. |
discors, C. testa suborbiculari, maxime coUo. valvulis oblique

Sstriatis.. Montagu Test. Brit. P 84.

Linn. Gmel. p. 3241?- "T pisiformis.

Halitat in mari.

Testa magnitudine pisi, glabra, alba, striis obliquis (vix oculo nudo dis-
cernendis), in angulum acutum decurrentibus. Cardo dente primario -
in valvula alterutra ; D: lateralibus. Jamellatis. remotis. (Mog:
tagu.) 5

Thisisa doubtful species hetoi to Mr. r Montag; |
who observes that he found only one dead pecine, at

| : pe, in Cornwall.
14. SR P

elonga- €. tonius angi ioni tis 21 rotun-
tum. datis, evite ru s. ontagu Pur Brit, 5 Bg.

Habitat i in mari. | ADM
Testa diametro 4 poll. daveueige-alba vel rufescens, . ~~ ong s e.
angulata. Umbo non centralis. (Montagu.) -

da AERA by dredging in Salcombe Pay, Deve 'on. * |

-

E2 EM 15. muri-

68 c Dr. Marow's and Mr. Racxsrrt’s
murica- C. testa cordata, opaca, alba, margine muricato. Mon-
tulum. | tagu Test. Brit. p. 85.

Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 84.

Habitat in mari, minuta.

Found at Shepey Bland, K Beat. Not uncommon,
(Walker.) x ;

MAC RA
| Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 307. :
T
dealbata. M. testa ovata, hiante, cardinis dente medio complicato,
t.1.f.10. denticuloque laterali. Linn. Gmel. p. 3260? M.
| pellucida ?
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 24. f. 234? i
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 31. t. 7. f. T. M. dealbata.
, Montage Test. Brit. p 95. t. e$ Jf. Lc M. gisalbato.
— Habitat in mari, rarissima, pe 3
Testa 13 poll. longa, pgs En són; tein, candida, leviter
| A transversim striata. Umbones acutiusculi. Cardo valvule unius con-

stat ex foveola triangulari, cum dente complicato, antrorsum porrecto,
-et denticulo laterali, postice inclinato; alterius ex foveolis duabus

- triangularibus.
First noticed as British by Dr. Pulteney, who received
. it from Mr. Bryer of Weymouth.
The figure we have given was taken from a specimen
Sco a Dr. Pulteney’s cabinet. It appears to differ a little
from the shell fig ured in Testacea Britannica, which was

. drawn from. another spectu found at woh by
Mr. NS. a 3 hu

* : |
SKIN M. testa ovata, E e alba, ees diis sabtiliceinte

transversim

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 69.

transversim striata, anterius rugosa. Linn. Gmel.
p. 3260. Lia
Born Mus. t. 3. f. 1L 12? Kor :
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 23. f. 232, 233, -
- Encyclop. Method. t. 256. f. 1.
. Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 125.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 571.

Habitat in mari.

Testa ad 34 poll. longa, 44 lata. Umbones retrorsum versi, rima inter-
media angusta, (Gmel.) |

Found only by Miss Pocock, on Hale Sands, Cornwall.

radiata. M. testa tenui, fragili, subtriangulari, compressa, albida,
subtilissime striata, testaceo-radiata. Donovan Brit.

Shells, t. 161.
Habitat in mari.
Testa diametro 2 poll. denied
— brünnea.

-Found by Mr. Laskey upon Langston Beach, near
Portsmouth, after a storm. (Donovan.)

ida, endi aiiis. EpideMinis

ewe T |
Stultorum. M. testa subdiaphana, levi, obsolete radiata, intus pur-
purascente, regione umbonali gibba. Linn. Syst. Nat.
p. 1126. n. 99. Linn. Gmel. p. 3258; *
Gualt. Test. t.71.f.C. —
Adans. Seneg. t. 17. f. 16?
~ Murray in Amen, Acad. 8,
Knorr Vergn: 6. t. 5. f.
hee is — 7 Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 49. f. 30.
3 . .- 3Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 196. t. 12. fs 3.
l Born Mus. p. 50. vign.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 23. f. 224, 225.
Encyclop. Method. t. 256. f. 3.

t.

Pulteney

70

Li

e OS
solida.

` Lister Anim. Angl. t. 4. f. 24.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Rackett’s

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 31. t. 8. f. 3

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 106.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 94.

Halitat in mari.

Testa ad 14 poll. longa, et 2 lata, fere triangularis, tenera, fragilis, levis,
subpellucida, cinerascens, radiis longitudinalibus rufescente-cinereis,
levissime transversim striata. Umlones minime prominentes. Margo
exterior integerrimus, acutus. Cardinis Dens medius complicatus,
cui adjicitur foveola triangularis. Dentes laterales in altera testa elon-

- gati, quibus in opposita testa respondent foveole. -
First figured by Pennant, who mistook it for Tellina
radiata of Linneus.

M. testa opaca, leviuscula, subantiquata. Linn. Syst.
Nat. p. 1126. n. 100. Linn. e p- 3259.

Rondel. Test. 1. c. T. = ES

Bonann. Recr. 2. t. 51.

Conch. t. 253. f. 87.
Petiver Gaz. t. 94. f. 7.
Knorr Vergn. 6. taf
Penn. Brit. Zool. A. t. 51. fà A3. A. M. solida; t. 52. f. 43.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 197. t. 15. f. 1. Trigonella
Zonaria, et t. 14. f. 6. T. gallina. A
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 23. f. 229, 230.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 31. t. 12. f. 1.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 61.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 92.

Habitat frequens i in mari.

Testa 14 pol Sdonga;14 lata, subtriangularis, subantiquata, crassa, sub-
— depressa, subalbida, vel flavescente-brunnea 5 seniores res angulis aut fasciis
lacteis, cinereis, vel ceruleis transversim pictee ; ; intus albida. Cardo
dentibus lateralibus minus elongatis quam in preecedente. Umbones
prominuli, acutiores. Margo integerrimus.

First described and peated by Lister. >

6. sub-

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 71

subtrun- M. testa triangulata, dM Spes pecie, umbonibus tu-
cata. midioribus.

t. 1. f. 10. Dad Costa Brit. Conch: p. 198. ee T niich:
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 52. f. 42. M. Stultorum.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 126.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 93.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 5. f. 10.

Habitat in mari,
Testa Mactree solide affinis, sed vix dimidiam magnitudinem equans; sub-
albida, omnino absque cingulis, fere equilatera.

First figured by Pennant. Not uncommon on the
2 POP coast. PHA uoi. |
T^ |
_ Listeri. M. testa tenera, compressa, subrotunda, foveola dentis
. cardinis triangulari. . Linn. Gmel. ip. 3261.
No m Rete tk SA —— ^
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 4. ji 29.
Petiver Gaz. t. 94. f. 3.
Pennant Brit. Zool. n. 59. V. borealis.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 200. t.13. ahs l. Sigppell plana.
Olivi Adr. t. 4. f.1?. dios doni adii aiv
Encyclop. Method. t. 257. F k ; xs T *
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p.31. t.7. f.1. M. compressa.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 64. f. 1. Tellina pl plana.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 96. _M. compr ssa.
— Habitat in mari, ad ostia fluminum. v ^
` |. Testa M poll. longa, 9 lata, precedentibus affinis, tenuis, fragilis, subdia-
x ~ phana, sordide alba, interdum fasciis cinereis cincta, levissime striata,
subrugosa. Cardinis dentes primarii duo, altero, . bifido; dentes laterales.
nulli. -

First described. and | figured by Lister, and denomi-
E o o pated

Conch.. t. 253. f. 88..

E

E.
=

19 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Rackert’s

nated M. Listeri by Gmelin, in compliment to that la-
borious and accurate author.
8. | .
tenuis. M. testa compressa, subtriangulari, equilatera; cardinis

dente in altera valvula PARURE et dentibus laterali-
bus remotis. see

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 572. - — Supplen. LI FT

Halitat in mari, ad littora.

Testa + poll. longa et lata, vel paululum major, tenera, sénipelucida, alba,

rugis concentricis; intus lzvis, glabra; cicafrice conica, lata. Valvula

una dente bifurcato et dentibus duobus lateralibus lamellatis remotis ;

altera dente simplici; foveola in utraque. Umbo centralis, productior.

- Distinguitur a M. Listeri, dentibus lateralibus; a testis junioribus M.,

solide et M. Stultorum facie et dentibus primariis, et quod una temm
valvula gaudeat dentibus lateralibus. (Montagu.) -

. Discovered by Mr. Montagu at Southampton; found

also by Mr. Bryer at Weymouth, Dorset.
9.
triangu- M. testa. subtriangulari; altera valvula dente unico
laris. Crasso “bifido, altera fossula triangulari inter denti-
culos duos. M seeds Test. Brit: P- 99. b 3. y 5.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa diametro + poll. crassa, opaca, s; albi, vba pom Gaoi pro-
minentes, obtusi. Margo crenatus.

Discovered by Mr. Montagu in Falmouth Harbour,
and on the South coast of Devon.

OPI ciety) i in v Hutch. Dorset. * 5. F X
Habitat in man. ee DAE
Testa magnitudine faboe minoris, sehen, alba, convexa, margine postico ro-

OS tundato,

*

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 13

_tundato, antico subangulato. Cardinis dens solitarius inseritur in fo-
veolam alterius teste, cujus dentes marginales obsoleti.

First discovered at Sandwich in Kent, by Mr. Boys ;
found in Salcombe and Biddeford Bays, Devonshire,
by Mr. Montagu.

Called Mactra Boysti by Mr. Montagu, as a tribute
of respect to that ingenious and indefatigable natu-
ralist, the late W. Boys, Esq. of Sandwich.

ll r
lutraria, M. testa bial oblonga levi, dentibus lateralibus nullis.
— Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2128. Syst. Nat. p. 1126,

n. 101. Linn. Gmel. p. 3259. |
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 4. f. 19. — Conch. t. 415. f. 259.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4, t. 52. f. 44. bene.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 24. Jf: 240, ME UT
Ee Method. t.258. .8. —
: Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 32. t. 5. f. 11.
Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. 16. f. 8, 4.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 58.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 100. — |

.8 oblongata. Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 24. K 238, 3, 299: P

. Habitat ad littora, sub. arena.
Testa ad 24 poll. longa, et 5 lata, sub epidermide fuscá, lutescente-alba,

oblongo-ovalis, crassiuscula, vix transversim striata, utraque extremi-
tate ecran dehiscens. . Cardo. extus umbonibus minutis, intus singulee
sum versa, concava; in al-
la erecta, complicata, cui in

.. opposita testa respondet s squam: erecta, plana. ied Mus. Lud. Ulr.

- p.470.) UM
First Sk ribad and figured by Lister. Not t uncom-

mon near the mouths of rivers. -

| YOL. VIII. E : T o Rn am

74

19;
hians.

Dr. Marox's and Mr. RAcxETT'S FE

M. testa oblonga rudi; extremitate anteriore repando-

hiante.
Gualt. Test. t. 90. f. A. bene.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 30. t. 17. f. 4. Chama magna.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3221. Mya oblonga. —
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 2. f. 12. 2
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 32. t. 2. f. 4.

„Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. 16. f. 5, 6.
- Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 140.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 101.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

=n 2 vel 24 poll. longa, 4 vel 5 lata, crassa, sordide alba, rugis transver-

‘sis inter cardinem et extremitatem anteriorem ssepius. excavata.
. Cardo versus extremitatem. Umlones minime prominentes, incurvati.

First figured by Da Costa, who mistook it for M. lu-

- traria of Linnzus. Found by Dr. Pulteney and Dr.

“Maton on the Dorset coast; and by Mr. Montagu in

Teme d

he

the river between Truro and. Falmouth i in Cornwall, and
on the Devonshire coast. ai

This species is by Gmelin Eiran placed under

the genus Mya.

DONAX.
Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 308.

n terius levi, intus violacea, marginibus cre-

natis. Linn. Fn. Suec. n. 9142. Syst. Nat. p. 1126.
.n.105. Linn. Gmel. p. 3263.

oS po Anim. Angl. t. 5. f. 35. — Conch fi euo HR

Gualt. Tesi. t. 88. F arean
Adans.

= Sa

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 15
Adans. Seneg. t. 18. f. 2.

. Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 55. f. 45. TOUT
Da Costa Brit. Conch. t. 14. FS. Cuneus vittatus.

Favanne Conch. t. 49. Je Pe.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 32. t. 6. f. 3.

Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. 16. f. 13—16.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 29. f. 1. —
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 103.

Halitat in mari.

Testa magnitudine amygdali, oblonga, sub epidermide stramined, alba vel
flavescens, fasciis violaceis; antice oblique antrorsum truncata, sub-
gibba, glabra ; margines subtilissimé crenati, antice parum hiantes.
Cardinis dentes bini: in altera valvula simplices, in altera didymi.
Marginales nulli. ` (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 494.)

First noticed by Lister. Not uncommon on some

parts of the Western coast. —

complana- D. testa oblonga levi glaberrima, margine integerrimo.

ta.

Rr figures, which evidently deem a D

‘Montagu Test. Brit. p. 106. t. 5. f. 4.

Bonanni Recr.2. f. 42. Mus. Kirch. Ls e
Lister Conch. t. 354. f- ae

Habitat i in mari. —

Testa & poll. longa, 14 lata, faves veg purpurascens, , fascia unica, lata,
alba ab umbonibus ad marginem ; striis longitudinalibus expers ;
facie D. Trunculi, sed compressior, antrorsum productior.

First figured by Bonanni, who notices it from the

British shores. - Mr. Swainson. las. received it from

Looe, in Cornwall; a Montagu from Milton

Sands (S. Dévony" ana Falmouth. x is found zu on
the Dorset coast.

Gmelin has created a Tellina daea from Bonanni's i

LU nd

L2 eee ^S. denti-

exit

76 | Dr. Maron’s and Mr. RACKETT’S

3.
denticula- D. testa anterius obtusissima; labiis transverse rugosis,
id. marginibus dentiformibus. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1127.

n. 107. Linn. Gmel. p. 3263.
Lister Conch. t. 316. f. 218.
Petwer.Gaz..t. 18. f- à. — b so
Gualt. Test. t. 89. f. D. SUI
Adans. Seneg. t. 18. f. 3.
Knorr Vergn. 2. t. 23. f. 2, 3. |
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 55. f. 46."
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 205. Cuneus truncatus.
Favanne Conch. t. 49. f. E. 3.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 26. f. 256. |
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p- 32. t. 5. f. 12.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 24. Donax crenulata.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 104.
. Habitat in mari.

Testa udine nucis coryli, cunei fortis, levis, alba, radiis seu fasciis

purpureis. Strie loi nales, transversim delicatissime lineato-

punctate, superficiem reg Area media regionis umbonalis

transversé undatim rugosa; lateralis. angulo truncato longitudinaliter

striata, ut latus teste. Intus purpurascens, levissima. Margines acute
crenulati. Cardinis dens duplex, lateralis, utrinque elongatus.

A rare species, said to be found at Weymouth, RJ

Dr. Pulteney and by Mr. Bryer.

ee d. T. ot i i “pe 107. t. 5 fa 2.

: Habitat i im mari.

Testa magnitudine libe e ‘equine, vel 4 aa tones i S Sum corneo,
glabra, fasciis duabus. fuscis epahan

First

ye

5.

castanea.

Irus.

Austle Bay, Cornwall.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. ; id

_ First found at Weymouth by the late Duchess Dowa-

ger of Portland (Dr. ey) inae at the same place,
by Mr. Bryér- ee

D. testa ovata levi ; rugis transversis antiquatis, cardinis
dentibus utriusque valvule duobus, altero maximo,
altero parvo.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 513.

Habitat in mari.

— t. 17. {i 2:

_ Testa + poll.longa, 3 lata, crassa, glaberrima, castaneo colore, radio unico,

fusco, curvo, ab umbone ad marginem ; intus castanea, glabra, cica-
trice lata. Umbones obtusi. Dentes laterales nulli. (Montagu.)

A new species, discovered by Mr. Montagu in St.

D. testa ovali, rugis membranaceis erectis striatis cincta.
Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1198. n. 111. Linn. Gmel. p. 3265.

Gualt. Test. t. 95. f. A.
Borl. Cornw. t. 38. f. 23.

Pennant Brit. Zool. n. 35. Tellina cornubiensis. -

Da Costa Brit. Conch. t. 15. f. 6. sin. Cuneus foliatus.

— Chemin. Conch. 6. t. 26. 7 268—970. :

A Montagu’ Test. Brit. p. 108.

| Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. p. 32. t. 12. f. 6

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 29. fF. 2. m

Habitat in mari, saxa pe | (Montagu. )

Testa magnitudine phaseol anterius obtusissima, rugosa ; rugis ar-
cuatis, reflexo-erectis, fere crispis, exterioribus sensim anterioribus -
majoribus. - Intus alba, levis, margine integetrimo. Cardo utringue
. dentibus duobus minimis, altero bifido. (Linn.)

First noticed as an English shell by haie Not

^ uncommon on the Western coast, burrowed in limestone. :

| VENUS. |

178 - — Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACckKETT's

VENUS.
Mise Spit: Nat. n. 309.

ANIMAL TETHYS.

Testa bivalvis, labiis margini antico incumbentibus, A:
Cardo dentibus 3; omnibus approximatis, lateralibus apice divergentibus.

1. B e ede -> antice muricatæ.

spinifera. Ms testa. subtriangulari ; ; sulcis numerosis, marginibus
arez anterioris spinosis.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 511.

Habitat in mari, rarissima. `
Testa + poll. longa, paululum TOS flavescente-alba, sulcis 36 concen-
tricis, parallelis, elevatis, zequalibus, subrecurvatis exarata; ; anterius
versus sinum sulci bini, convergentes in spinas obtusas, abbreviatas,
. . recurvatas, decurrunt. Valvula altera dente unico primario, et laminis

— lateralibus; altera dentibus duobus. Margo levis. (Montagu.)
Arare species, found only by Mr. Montagu, i in sand

T Salcombe Bay, Devon.

Supplem. t t. 17. fri-

e * * antice muticz. T subcordatz. | : ;
verrucosa. V. testa sulcis membranaceis striatis, an rsant. im-
es primis verrucosis ; margine crenulato. Linn. Syst.

Nat. p. 1130. n. 116. Linn. Gmel. p. 3269.
Lister Conch. t. 284. j. 122. —
| Petiver Gaz. t. 98. f. 17.
| Pod Test. t. 75. f. H. z
= j t. 28. UE. 32. ;

“Periant Brit. Zool. 4. AE 54. Le 48. V. V ES cina
Da Costa Brit. Conch. P 185. t. 12. f. 1. P. strigatus;
$ p. 193. t bu frd. sin. PR? membranaceus.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 179

- Wood in Act. Linn. Soc. 6. t. 17. £ 5, 6.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 29. ^ 299,300.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 33. t. 8. f...
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 44. & t. 115. V. cancellata.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 112. 4 p. 514.

Halitat in mari. f

Testa diametro 2 poll., crassa, opaca, sordide alba, vel ferruginea, sulcis
numerosis reflexis, antice verrucosis; seu nodulosis, exasperata ; intus
alba. | Umbones incurvati. -Areola impressa, cordata.

First noticed by LE Not uncommon on the
Western coast. DEO z

lactea. V. testa abordaia SübconpEMR po Bib Contticis,

crassis, elevatis, obtusis, antrorsum subtruncata.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 149.

Halitatin man. ———
Testa diametro 1i poll., * pers ; y. verrucosee valde affinis. modo distin-

guitur a sequente?
Found on the Western coast, according to Mr. Do-

novan.

A.
- Casina. Va. testa. sulcis transversis | recurvis acutis, margine

1.9. f.1. ` postico crenulato ; pone areolam canaliculato. Linn.
— Syst. Nat. p. 1130. n. 117. Linn. Gmel. .p- 3269.
[Om Brit. Zool. 4. t. 54. f. 48. A... A V. fagsino. |
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 29. ef. db, 302. - e
Habitat i in f x
, Testa diametro 14 poll., crassa PD; lineis angulatis, subfuscis varia.
. Pliem numerose, nunc we nunc me c) E coadunatæ. Cardo.
Bri eias 1
^77. his species ilies io exactly with the figures in
— Chemnitz and Schröter, which are cited by Gmelin for
Venus Casina of Linneus. Whether it be that : i

5:

fasciata.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Rackett’s

perhaps rather doubtful, as Linneus has given a very
short description, and no reference to a figure. We re-
ceived our specimen as British ; and others have since
been found by Mr. M‘Leay on the coast of Caithness-
shire. i

V. testa subcordata, costis transversis, latis, depressis.
Lister Conch. t. 295. f. 132:

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 188. t. 13. f. 3. P. fasciatus.
Chemn. Conch. 6..t. 27. f. 277, 278.

Linn. Gmel. p. 3268. V. Paphia 6?

Encyclop. Method. t. 276. f. 2,

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 83. t. 1. f. 3. V. Paphia.

—. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 110. V. Paphia.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 170.
Habitat in mari.

Testa diametro ad 1 poll., szepius minor, crassa, alba, spadiceo-radiata, vel
- lineis angulatis, spadiceo-nebulosa, interdum fasciis tribus spadiceis 5 3
intus purpurascens. Cinguli seu costze nunc 10—12 recurvati, nunc in
4—5 coadunati. Sinus lanceolatus, canaliculato-concavus. Areola im-

pressa, cordata. Margo crenulatus,

First described as British by Da Costa. Not uncom-

mon on the Western shores, and o on the coasts of Wales,
and of Caithness.

This species was Eonsdiered by Dr. pisiency as V.

Paphia of Linnzeus in à depauperated state; but iť dif-
Ee ~ from that shell both in outline and spe-

| * rugis: incrassatis, pube rugis attenua-

” See Donovan’ s description of Venus donata. (Brit.
E Ee.

Da Costa's Pectunculus Vetula; p. 190. t. 13. f. 5.
Venus Paphia of Linnzus. It, was figured and disclibed

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 81

by that author, from a foreign specimen through mis-
take, but has never been found on the British shores.
minima. V. testa subcordata compressiuscula, glaberrima, trans-
versim striata, maculis duabus rubris ad marginem.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 12r. t. 3. f. 3.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa 4 poll. longa, paululum latior, crassa, carnaria, interdum - lineis
duabus albis ab umbone divergentibus; intus candida, glaberrima.
Margo integerrimus. — Strice late, concentric. Cardinis dentes ma-
nifesti. |

Discovered at Falmouth by Mr. Montagu.
sulcata. V. testa subtriangulari, levi, rugis obsoletis; sinu ob-
t. 2. f.2. longo-ovali; margine interiore denticulato.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 195. Pect. truncatus ?

Montagu Test. Brit. p.181. = *

Habitat in mari. -

Testa ungue pollicis extimi paulo major, vel diametro ad 1 poll. alba, sub
epidermide brunnea, fere plana. Umbones acutiusculi. Testa V. fas-
ciatæ valde affinis; distinguitur quod magis triangularis, quod antice
rectiuscula, et sinus oblongo-ovalis.

From ihe iius of aos A us Swainson.)
8. a 5
Gebticá.. V. testa mto s SubCon resi. sulcis. transversis

£2; ie 3. parallelis regularibus, Sst Sa levi.
| - Habitat in mari. — bo kk CIN PIS E

. > Thane pol longe, nts albida, Su vel 16 otis, valdà regu-
. lares, neque me a magis triangularis quam P. verfu-

cosa, neque antrorsum 'Subtruncata. |
A new species, discovered by Mr. M‘Leay on the
const of Caithness-shire. |

DYÓR VEZ 05.020009 gio ii MY loans aaa.

82
9.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACK ETT'S

subcordata. V. testa. subcordata, stris costatis longitudinalibus,

10.

sulcis transversis, remotis, elevatis. Montagu Test.
Brit. p. 121. t. 3. f. 1.

Linn. Gmel. p. 3210. V. ucancellato t

Habitat in mari.

Testa diametro +} poll. aha: crassa, intus glabra, alba. Umbones in-
curvati. Cardinis dentes validi. Margo subcrenatus.

"Mr. Montagu doubts whether this species be British,

as he found it only once, in sand from Falmouth har-

bour. We have not had an opportunity of examining
it; but it appears from the figure and description
to resemble specimens of Venus cancellata in the Bri-
tish Museum. |

Gallina. V. testa subcordata radiata, striis transversis, obtusis,

* cardinis dente postico minimo, margine crenulato.
Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2143. Ec Eat. p. 1130.
on.119. Linn. Gmel. p. eee

Lister Conch. 1: 9694-1920.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 56. $ 50. V. es

Born. Mus. p. 57. vign. 6.

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 30. f. 308—310.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 191. t. 12. f. 2. Pect. striatulus;
4 p.192. P. sulcatus. :

-

- Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. LE f. 7,8

rt ume sBalency i in Hutch. Dorset. p. 33. t. 8. f. 2. V. Casina.

3 Montage Test.
Halitat in mari, frequens.

it. Shells, t. 68. V. striatula. —
. Brit. | pe 113." Ar uM

ade

Testa 1 poll. - longa, 14 lat whe, ¥ radiis miu: adii, Me o ligartus |
marmorata ; intus alba, Margo crenatus. Umbones recurvi, acuti.
Strie — crenulate, quamvis non sint, Areola i impressa, ovata,

11. trian-

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 83

LE p

triangu- V. testa subtriangulari, cardine crasso; valvula altera
laris. dentibus tribus, altera duobus et lamina laterali se-
| milunari. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 577. — Supplem.

t. 17. f. 8.
-- Habitat in mari, rarissima.
Testa diametro + poll. crassa, flavescente-alba, rugis nonnullis concentri-
cis obsoletis; intus levis. Valvula una dentibus duobus, uno bifido, _
altero triangulari, juxta laminam lateralem; altera dentibus tribus,
* duobus valde divergentibus (ad recipiendum dentem oppositum trian- .

gularem), denticuloque laterali. Margo levis. Umbones centrales,
maxime prominentes. (Montagu.) -

Anew and rare species, found: only br Mr. Montagu,
on the coast of Devonshire. = — 53

| 12. |
Islandica. x testa transversim striata, rudi, labris. hiantibus.
— Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1131. n. 24. Linn. Gmel. p. 3271.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 4. f. 99. — Conch. t. 272. f. 108.
Gualt. Test. t. 85. f. B.
Olafs Isl. t. 11. f. 8. RE
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 53. f.47. V. mercenaria. ET
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 183. t. l Wf 5 Peet. crassus.
— — Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 89. f. 841.
ee ~ Encyclop. Method. t. 272. f. 6.
` -= Wood in Act. Soc, Linn. 6. t. 17. f. bi
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. ; 7
. Don
x Montagu Test. Brit. T n
AU - Habitat in mari. -

. Testa ad 3} poll. longa, 4 eae: 2e idis agire fici, albida vos

seu ferruginea, subcordata, ventricosa, solida, antice versus A owe
: REP — a ole

94 Dr. Mavon’s and Mr. RACKETT’S

obsoleté carinata, intus cretacea. Margo integerrimus, acutissimus.
Umbones recurvati, contigui. Areola inconspicua. Cardinis dentes 3,
medius didymus, lateralis sub areola, linearis, obliquus, crenulatus.

First figured and described by Lister. Common.

13. ! :
Chione. V. testa transverse subrugosa, lxvi, cardinis dente pos-
teriori lanceolato. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 131. n. 125.
. Linn. Gmel. p. 32912. —— Soe
. Lister Conch. t. 269. f. 105.
D' Argenv. Conch. t. 24. Jat:
Gualt. Test. t. 86. f. A.
Knorr Vergn. 6. t. À. f. 1. '
Pennant Brit. Zool. À. t. 51. f. intermedia. |
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 184. t. 14. f. T. Pect. sinh
Favanne Conch. t. 47. B.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 32. f. 343.
Encyclop. Method. t. 266. f. 1.
.. Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. Ti f ide
= Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 33. t. 6. ^T 7:
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 17.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 115.

Testa cordato-ovata, oblonga, compressa, glaberrima, striis transversis ob-

soletis, coloris castanei, radiis fuscis, intus alba. Margo integerrimus.

Areola depressa, ovata, acuta. Umbones recurvati. Cardinis dentes 4,

" duobus mediis approximatis, lanceolatis; laterales 9 divaricati, sub
^ Areolâ, major acutus, sub labris linearis, obliquus. — Mus. Lud.

14. ovata.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 85
14. |
ovata. V. testa ovata, longitudinaliter sulcata, transversim ob-
(.2.f.4. solete striata. Maton West. Counties, 1. P. 178.
` Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 56. f. 56. —
Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 82.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 1. f. 15.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 120.

Habitat in mari.
Testa vix magnitudine fabz equine, depressior, subalbida seu brunnea;
intus alba vel purpurascens. Cardo fere ad medium teste.

First figured by Pennant. Found on the Kentish and
Devonshire coasts; and at Falmouth, in Cornwall.
deflorata. V. testa ovali, longitudinaliter rugosa, anterius violacea.
Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1133. n. 132. Linn. bir p. 3214.
Lister Conch. 1. 425. f. 9132-7 =
Knorr Vergn. 9. t. 90. f. 5; & 5. AMETE
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 57. f. 54.
Favanne Conch. t. 49. P.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 9. f. 19. 81>
Encyclop. Method. t. 231. f. 4..

Montagu Test. Brit. um 123. t. 3. 35 4
Habitat in mari, rarissima. : :
Testa 1 poll. longa, 14 lata, as Gree die, atid poesia,
. longitudinaliter striata, striis undulatis, rugis noùimilis transversis;
.. intus violacea, — Cardinis dentes utriusque. teste di :
First described a asa Britis shell

Pennant. Found
A | t it must be consi-
-dered as one e of ct rarest British species. |

granula-. Y. testi rotundata, striis elevatis decussata, margine
ta, crenulato. Linn. Gmel. p.. 3277. ig
- Born Mus. t, 4. f. 5, 6.

-

86 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Racxrtt’s

Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 30. f. 313.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 83.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 122.

Habitat 1 in mari,

Testa diametro 1 poll. crassa, tumidiuscula, alba, maculis et lituris nigres-
centibus ; intus glaberrima, purpurea. Umbones incurvati, minime
prominentes, — Zfreoía cordata, nigricans.

cae uae at Falmouth by Mr. Montagu.

127. € tog e ES dene.
tigerina. V. testa lentiformi, striis decussatis; areola impressa,
t.2. f.5. ovata. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1134. n. 141. Linn. Gmel.
p. 3283.

Rumph. Mus. t. 43. f. H.
Lister Conch. p. 1133.
Gualt. Test. t. 77. f. A.
Knorr Vergn. 4. t. 2. f. 1; § t. 3. f. 2; 6. t. 37. f. 2.
Favanne Conch. t. 47. f. D. 1. i
Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 37. f. 190, 191. VUES
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 34. t. 1. ax 14.
Montagu Test. Brit. 2 pus t. À. m 1,

Habitat in mari.

*

Testa diametro vix 1 poll. patum convexa, tota alba, striis longitudinalibus
et transversis numerosissimis reticulata. Intus alba seu flavescens,
glabra. Umbones recurvi, acutiusculi, obsoleti. Sinus oblongus, hians.

£ Areola ovata. Cardinis dentes 3 vel 4, intermediis didymis. (Linn.

| Mus. Lud. Utr. p. 503),

_ First ascertained to be English by Dr. Maton, who
| found it on | Studland Beach, Dorset; on athe N. Shote,

n eimi c. d MM

s.
undata, V. testa orbiculari, transversim striata, rugosa, umboni-
bus prominentibus. —
Pennant Brit. Zool. à t. 55. = Ax

Wood

19.

exoleta.

ESF.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 87

Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. 17. f. 17, 18.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 121.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 118.

Habitat in mari.

Testa diametro 14 poll. tenuis, alba, intus glabra, margine integerrimo. Di-
stinguitur a Tellina rotundata quod cardo crassus, altera valvula den-
tibus tribus, altera duobus, margo undatus, et cicatrix lata, usque ad :
medium teste.

First figured by Pennant. Found near Llaugharne,
Caermarthenshire ; and on the Cornish and Devonshire
coasts, by Mr. Montagu.

V. testa lentiformi, transversim striata, pallida, obsolete
radiata, areola cordata. Linn. Fn. Suec. n. 2145. Syst.
Nat. p. 2134. n. 142. M.L.U. p. 506. Linn. Gm. p. 3284.

Lister Conch. t. 291. f. BS iu er. A 129.

Petiver Gaz. t. 93. f. 15. es

Gualt. Test. t. 15. f. F.

Adans. Seneg. t. 16. f. 4.

Born Test. t. 5. f. 9.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 187. t. 12. f 5. eon

Favanne Conch. t. 48. f. F. 1. fbi De g

... Chemn. Conch. 7. f. 402. 404. —
~ «Encyclop. Method. t. 279. f. 4, 5.
- Woodin Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. 17. f. 9, 10.

3 Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. p. 34. £i: s

Donovan Brit. Shells,
Montagu Test. Brit.

t. 3. f.2. B Lister Conch. t. 290. f. 126; $ t. 289. f. 125.

Chemn. Conch. 7. f. 403. ' i
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. P 34. t. 1; ^ 14. v. lincta. |

- Halitat in mari, :
! e Tata

.88 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckETT's

*

Testa diametro 2 poll. crassa, convexiuscula, albida, interdum fasciis ru-
fescente-brunneis; intus alba. Strie numerose, filiformes; paucæ
evidentiores. Cicatrix obliqué transversalis.

Varietas 8 minus orbicularis, ab umbone declivis.

First noticed by Lister. It is not uncommon.

20. Ttt onde; supra rimam m subangulatze.
decussata. V. testa ovata, antice angulata, decussatim striata.
.1.9.f.6. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1135. n. 149. Linn. Gmel. p. 3294.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 4. f. 20. Conch. t. 423. f. 271.
Gualt. Test. t. 85. f. E. L.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 57. f. 53. V. iterata.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 102. t. 14. f. 4. C. reticulatus.
Chemn. Conch. 6. t. À3, f. 455, 456.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 34. t. 6. f. A.
- Donovan Brit. Shells, t.67.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 124.

Halitat in mari, frequens.
Testaad 2 poll. longa, 3 lata, ovata, antice latior, vix angulata, striis longi-
. tudinalibus, et seepe transversalibus, confertis. Color variat, szpius
pallide ferrugineus, interdum radiis maculis, aut lituris fuscis ; ; intus
albus. Areola minima, retusa. Sinus longus angustus, margine in-
terno utplurimum ceruleo.

This species was first noticed by Lister.

21.
Pullastra. V. testa oblongo-ovata, antice angulata, delicatissime
4.9. f. . | decussatim striata.
Chemn. Conch. 7. t. À2. f. 439.
Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. 17. Lis 13, 14.
Montagu. Test. Brit. p.125. 3
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 1. fs 8.
Habitat in mari, frequens, - Incola edulis,
Testa H Bi ue 2 pale ine brunnea vel "ide pendens valde affi-

nis,

92.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 89

.' mis,sed minor; striis delicatissimis anterius in ragas pauciores decur-

rentibus ; lituris cinereis, brunneis, vel purpureis variegata et radiata.

Xi Cieatrid: productior. Cardinis dentes ttes approximati, pectinati ; me~
dius sepius bifidus — Varietas nivea, anterius maculis nigricantibus

angulatis notata, et sinu nigricante. :

First described by Mr. Wood.

perforans. V . testa subrhomboidea, antice truncata, rugosa, postice

23.
virginea.
. LA 2. f. 8.

transversim striata. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 197 t. 3

f. 6.

Habitat ad littora, saxis calcareis innidulans.
Testa 2 poll. longa, 4 lata, flavescente-brunnea, striis transvérsis posticis
in rugas anteriores longitudinales decurrentibus, . Cardo dentibus tri-

bus, duobus longis, recurvatis, altero parvo ; his facillime à testa ju-
niore 7. decussate distinguitur.

A new species, discovered by Mr. Montagu, burrow-
ed in limestone at Plymouth; where it is found in
abundance.

V. testa subovata, anterius subangulata; striis trans-
versis inæquilineatis, sinu tumido. Linn. Syst. Nat.
p. 1136. n. 150. Linn. Gmel. p. 3994.

Lister Conch. t. 408. f. 247. |
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 55. f. dextra. V. Rhomboides

— — Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 204. Cuneus fasciatus.

^4

VOL., VII

457. a.b.c.

Chemn. Conch. T. t. 42. f. 448. rx
Encyclop. Method. t. 283. f. 2.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 34. t. 13. f.L
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 129 :

Habitat in mari. : ue
Testa V. decussate similis, ied: magis rotundata, minor; striis perpendi-
'eularibus nullis distincta, rarius rubella, interdum radiata, maculis
cinereis aut lineis angularibus fuscis varia, Intus alba vel rubescens ;

N etriis

24.
aurea.

t. 9. f. 9.

25.
sinuosa.

aR
Cor,

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckzTT'S
- striis' transversis nune magis nunc minus conspicuis; sulcis 2 vel 3
obsoletis. . (Gmel.)
First figured by Lister. Itis found on the Western
coast, but not common.

V. testa subcordata, nitida, transversim subtiliter
sulcata, longitudinaliter striata; sinu indistincto. Linn.
Gmel. p. 3288. |

. Lister Conch. t. 404. f. 249.

Petiver Gaz. t. 94. f. 8.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 57. f. 34.

Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 43. f. 458.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 54. t. 18. f.3. V. nebulosa.

Montagu Test. Brit. P 129.

Habitat in mari.

Testa 1 poll. longa, 1$ lata, colore subalbido vel flavicante, lituris seu
maculis cinereis; magis triangularis quanf*7. virginea, cum margine
ab umbonibus declivi, neque producto ut in illa testa; intus ali-
quando purpurea. Cardinis dentes sæpius bifidi.

First noticed and figured by Lister. Not uncommon
on many parts of the Western coast.

V. testa tenui, convexa, margine profunde sinuato.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 55. f. 51-A. `

This species, so imperfectly described by Pennant, is

perhaps not distinct from Tellina fleruosa, or possibly
only a deformed shell.

| CHAM A.
Linn. Syst. Nat. n. S11.

Ch. testa subrotunda, Be umibomibüė recurvatis, rima
hiante. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1137. . 154. M. L, U.
p. 516. Linn. Gmel, p. 3299.

Bonann.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 91

— Bonann. Recr. 2. 3448852: «

Lister Conch. t. 215. f. 111.

2ORumph. Mus (48.10. 770 00000005

L

Noe.

4 Lider Conch. t. 368. f. 208. —
| Rumph. Mus.. t. 44. La Less

Ginann. Adriat. 2. t. 19.f.129. — £s
Gualt. Test. t. 71. f. E. Ming:
Seb. Mus. 3. t. 96. f. 1. ! |
Favanne Conch. t. 53. C.

Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 48. f. 483.

Encyclop. Method. t. 232. f. 1.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 134.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 134.

. Habitat in mari.

Testa diametro 3 poll. crassa, ge er 'exalbido-lutescens. Umlones
evidentiores, cornu arietis in modum oblique versus areolam convoluti.

Found near the North Foreland, by Mr. Swainson ;
and also on the shores of the Hebrides, by Mr. Aguew.

ARCA.
` Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 312.

* Margine integro; umbonibus inflexiss =
A. testa oblonga, striata, apice A npn: icibonibus
|. incurvis, remotissimis ; margine integerrimo, hiante.

Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1140. n. rp v". — ema

orla Corte t 28. fi 15, 16.
Knorr Vergn. 1. t. 16. f. 1, 2
Priam Bri 2001857. A otürtuoés:
Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 63. f. 531. a. t E QUK tU
| N 2 . déccw- — Donovan

92

minuta.

eoe

2.

3.

Dr. Marow's and Mr. RACKETT’S

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 158. f. 1. 2..
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 139. t. 4. f. 3.

Habitat in mari, rarissima.
Testa navicularis, antice compressa, retusa et fere biloba, iris rugosa;

#striis elevatis, longitudinalibus, distantibus. _Umbones remotissimi
incurvati, area interjecta plano-concava, ad angulum rectum striata
in rhombos. Margo exterior in medio hians, rima barbata. Color
nebulosus, albo-fuscus. Cardo rectus, serratus, lamellis numerosissimis,
minutissimis, qualibus. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 117.)

First noticed as British by Borlase. Found on Mil-
ton Sands, Devon, by Mr. Montagu; and on the shores
of Cornwall, by Miss Pocock. Size half an inch in
breadth ; extremely rare.

A. testa oblongo-ovali; extremitate altera rotundata, -
. altera subtruncato-angulata.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 81.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3309.

Chemn. Conch. 10. t. 170. f. 1657, 1658.

O. Fabr. Fn. Groenl. p. 414. n. 415.
Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 64?
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 78. A. caudata.

‘Montagu Test. Brit. p. 140.

Habitat in mari. :
Testa 4 poll. longa, + lata, albida, fasciis lacteis cincta, transversim striata,
in angulum producta, angulo vix truncato. Margo integerrimus, Um-

bones acuti. Cardo constat foveola cum dentibus lateralibus angulatis,
numerosis.

First. found by Mr. Boys at Sandwich, in Kent, where
it is not uncommon, LOI di

rox

** Margine crenato ; ; boia recurvatis,

lactea. <A. testa subthombeides, obsolete decussatim striata,

nd =.

diaphana;

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 95

diaphana ; umbonibus recurvis, margine crenulato.

Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1141. n. TS. Linn. x 3309.
Lister Conch. t. 235. f. iin Un i
Petiver Gaz. t. 73. FEY? Ma e uius
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 58. iz 50. A, baits.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 171. t. 11.f. 5.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 54. t. 11. f. 5. A. crinita.

Chemn. Conch. -7. t. 55. F 547.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 135.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 138.

Habitat in mari. ME

Testa magnitudine fabs equine, albida, epidermide pilosa fusca obtecta,
transversim inzequaliter sulcata..

First noticed and figured by Late It is found
| plentifully on many parts of the Western coast. Shells
with the animal are rare. i. a
-<This species agrees with ngu description of
A. lactea, if we except the crenulated margin, which.
our shell does not appear to possess.

; * * * Margine crenato ; umbonibus inflexis..
Glycyme- A. testa suborbicdlata, gibba, substriata, Te er am
ris. incurvis, margine crenato. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1143.
(.3.f.3. n.181. Einn. Gmel. p. 3313. yon) aie

_ Bellon. Aquat. 408.
- Rondel. Test. 31. -.-
donünn. Recr. 2. t. 00 * age es:
Lister Conch. KE 247. fee o EE emi
| Gualt. Test. t. 82. f. C. p"
a. Seneg. t. 18. f. 10?
Knorr Vergn. 6. t. 14. f 9.. ! :
Chemn. Conch. T. t 57. Sf 564. ue d 4 :
Habitat in sari. mene deat A

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Racxett’s

. Testa orbicularis, convexa, crassa, margine acuto, striata transversim striis

obsoletis, vix manifestis, maculata maculis flavescentibus, fere fascia-

tis. Intus alba excavata. | Umbones distantes, inter quas Rima hians,

acutissima, minime striata. Cardo dentibus circiter 10 transversis.
- (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 521.)—Testa diametro ad 24 poll.

Mr. Sowerby first ascertained this species to be

British. He found it on the coast of Cornwall. It is

S:
pilosa.

t. 3. f. 4.

not uncommon on the shores of Guernsey.

A. testa suborbiculata, sequilatera, pilosa, umbonibus
incurvis, margine crenato. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1143.
n. 182. Linn. Gmel. p. 3314.

Lister Conch. t. 247. f. 82.

Petiver Gaz. t. 19. f. T.

Gualt. Test. t. 13. f. A.

Knorr Veron. 2. t. 23. f. 6 ; 4 t. 12. f. 4.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 58. f. 58. A. Glycymeris.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. Bs 168. t. 11. f. 2. Glycymeris

orbicularis. -

Born Mus. t. Efi. a.b =

Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 57. f. 565. 566.

Encyclop. Method. t. 310. f. 2.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 35. t. 11. f. 2.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 31. A. Glycymeris.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 136.

Halitat in mari. | |

Testa diametro ad 24 poll. crassa, ponderosa, solida, fere orbicularis, albida,
lineis angulatis castanei coloris, maculata, longitudinaliter manifeste
transversim leviter striata, epidermide villosa holosericea tecta. Intus

alba, interdum fusco-castanea. Margo crenatus. Cardinis dentes
- obliqui, seu ad centrum tendentes. -

“ Testa simillima 4. Glycymeri, sed testa perfecte regulon, A. Glycy-
meris vero parum irregularis.” (Linn.)

For

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 95

For want of attention to the distinction here pointed
. out by Linnzus, this species has ienaentiy been mis-
taken for Arca Glycymeris. Fo
— A. pilosa is not uncommon on the Waite coast of
England. It was first figured by Lister. -

Nucleus. A. testa oblique ovata, lzeviuscula; cardine triangulari.

Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1140. Linn. Gmel. p. 3314.

Petiver Gaz. t. 17. f. 9.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. n. 58.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 110. t. 15. f. 6. dextra. Glycy-
meris argentea.

Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 58. f. 514.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 35. t. 12. f. di

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 63.

Ec Montagu Test. Brit. p. 141. TI.
. Habitat in mari, frequens. *
* Testa diametro 4 poll. alba, sub epidermide olivacea, striis longitudinali-
* bus subtilissimis, rugis paucis transversis. | Umbones acuti, incurvi. .
Intus argentea. Margo internus subtilissime crenulatus, Cardo arcua-

m denticulis numerosis,

Lim. Sy. Nat. n. ` 313.

Toc VERA ee
Cardo edentulus, fossula cava a ovata, Mif ine lireralibus transversis,

SDissitailic: in habit as we must acknowledge the species of
this genus to be, they are for the most part aptly included under

the Linnean character; and unless we deviate from. the rules of
that

96 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Racxett’s

that system (according to which the generic distinctions are
founded chiefly on the conformation of the hinge) the Pectines
cannot be separated from the Osíree without manifest impro-
priety. Even a difference in the animals will not warrant such a
division; for the discriminative marks adopted by Linnzus are
professedly external ; to which circumstance is ascribable, in our
opinion, the great utility of his method. Andif what may be
called the accessorial part of his characters be in any case con-
verted into a basis for generic diagnosis, the simplicity and con-
sistency of the system are destroyed.

E * Pectines, auriculati zequilateres.
maxima. O.testa radiis rotundatis, longitudinaliter striatis. Linn.
Fauna Suecica, n. 2148. Syst. Nat. p. 1144. m. 185. :
Linn. Gmel. p. 8315.
Bonann. Recr. 2. f. 8.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 5. f. 29.
Peter. Man 86. 8,828. — LV
Crati Test:t98.4À B. l*
Knorr Vergn. 2. t. 14. f. 1, i
Bytem. App. t. 12. f. 50.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 59. f. 61. Pecten maximus.
x Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 140. t. 9. f. 3.
Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 60. f. 583.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 35. t. 9. f. 3.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 49.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 143.

Habitat in mari ; Incola edulis. v Um

Testa diametro 5 poll. Operculum inter aures quasi gula GE Fornix
radiis 14 rotundatis, striatis longitudinaliter una cum interstitiis.
Auriculæ æquales, rectangulæ, striate. Color extus rufo- seu ferru-
gineo-nebulosus, intus albus. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 522.)

First

Conch. t. 163. f. 1.

Ue
Docriptice Catalogu of the Br itish dcn. 97

Not uncommon on many pars of d the Western coast. |

Jai 0. testa: radiis — € Käsi Se Sidi aliter

-striatis. Linn. Syst. Nat. MN 1144. n. 186. Linn. Gmel.
p. 3316.
Bonann. Recr. 2. f. 3, 4. Se
Lister Conch. t. 165. f. 2. n 166. f. 9i
Gualt. Test. t. 99. f. B.
Knorr Veren. 9..1. 22: f 32 55. 25. f. à. 46; t. 38. f. 1.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 60. f. 62.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 143. n. 2.
2 Favanne Conch. t. 54. fois
- Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 36. t. 13. s 2.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 144.
Donovan. Brit. Shells, t. 137.

: Habitat i in mari.
Testa diametro 3 poll. Operculum obtusius'plicatum, totum transversim
* : striatum, basi depressum, auriculis concavis. Fornix albus, plicatus,
: angulis rectis. Plice longitudinaliter sulcis 4 seu 5 striate, lateribus
perpendiculares ; interstitia plicarum transverse striata. -Auricule
, equales, rectangulee ; ; operculi leves, fornicis striatæ. Color fornicis

albus; operculi extus purpureus. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 522.)
First noticed as British by Pennant. Found at Poole
and Weymouth, Dorset ; end. at Scarhorough, York-
shire ; but very rare. ——

J Pecten 4 acobzeus.

G o* * 325073 xuricula intus ciliato-spinosa.
varia. O. testa equivalvi, radiis triginta scabris, compresso-
n carinatis, uniaurita. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1146. n. 199. |
eS M. L. U. p. 529. Linn. Gmel. p. 3324. =
— Lister Conch. t. 180. f. 17; t. 181. f. 18; t. 189. f- 23.
Act. Paris. 1711. t. 2:3. 12: |
- VOL. VIII. o j T. D Argo.

ap

98 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RaACKETT's

D' Argenv. Conch. t. 24. f. H.
Gualt. Test. t. 73. f. C. N. § 14. f. R.

RAE. | Knorr Vergn Qt 48 fe 3. S50 11. fi 85 di #12. fe 5.6.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 61. f. 64. Pecten varius.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 151. t i) f£ 2,4,5,17, 9-
Pecten monotis.

Favanne Conch. 54. A D..3, 4.
Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 66. f. 633, 634.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 30. t. 10. f. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 1. f. 1.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 146.
Halitat in mari, frequens.

Testa 2 poll. longa, 14 lata, ovalis, striis compressis echinatis. Fornix
operculo paulo convexior. Auricula operculi altera fere obsoleta. Color

ruber, fusco-nebulosus, fulvus, flavus, albus, purpurascens, yel s va-
riegatus, Intus concolor.

4, = | ES
-opercula- O, testa radiis viginti, subrotunda, decussatim striato-
ris. scabra, operculo convexiore. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1147.
7.202. Linn. Gmel. p. 3325.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 5. f. 30.
4 191. f. 28.
Petiver Gaz. t. 94. f. 1.
Seb. Mus. 3. t. 87. f. 15.
"-Knorr Vergn. 2. 173... 2, 8.
— Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 60. f. 63. Pecten dubrufas.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 144. t. 9. f. 1,2, 4, 5.
Favanne Conch, t. 54. f. Le 2.

Chemn. Conch. 7. t. 67. f. 646. LE
Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. 18. 1, 8--

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 36. t. 9. f 1, 2, 4, 5.

Conch. t. 190. f. 27.

Donovan

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 99

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 12. P. subrufus.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 145.

Habitat in mari, frequens; Incola edulis.

Testa suborbiculata, mediocris, superficie decussate britse striato-
scabra, radiis 20 seu 22 convexis. Fornix minus quam operculum
convexus, quod singulare. Auricula altera major; fornicis subtus
excisa, ciliato-aculeata. Hiat maxime inter auriculas. (Mus. Lud.

Ulr. p. 530.) —Color purpurascente-rufus, albus, flavus, vel brunneus,
sepe marmoratus, intus albus.

5.
lineata. O. testa radiis viginti longitudinaliter punctato-scabris,
3 operculo convexiore.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 147. t. 10. f. 8. P. lineatus.
-Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 36. t. 10. f. 8.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 116.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 147.
Habitat in mari, |
Testa preecedenti affinis, alba, lineis coccineis.
First distinguished by Dr. Pulteney, who sent it to
Da Costa. It has been found at Weymouth, by Dr.
Maton; and in Cornwall and D orones by Mr. Mon.
- tagu; but not common.
6. |
sinuosa. O. testa scs pb. striata, auriculis
:qualibus. Linn. Gmel. p. 3319. | —
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 5. $f 31. m t. 172. f. 9.
Petivér Gaz. 9& FR
‘Pennant Brit. Zool. A. t. 61. f. 65. IRE Pusio. :
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 148. t. 10. f. 3, 6. P. distortus.
Pult.in Hutch. Dorset.-p. 36. t. 10. f. 3, 6. O. distorta.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 34. P. Pusio.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 148. P. distortus. .
o2 Halitat

100

ie.

— Dr. Marow's and Mr. RACKETT'S

Habitat in mari, saxa perterebrans.
Testa ad 2 poll.longa, 14 lata, sordide-alba, ferruginea, seu violacea, albo et
rubro marmorata, margine crenato. Intus alba. Ofperculum oblonga-
- tum, planiusculum, striis numerosis evidentioribus, intermediis minori-

bus. Fornix maxime irregularis, sinuosus seu gibbosus. Auricule-

equales, transversim striate.
First figured and described by Lister.
This shell does not answer to .Linnzus’s description

of O. Pusio, for which it has been mistaken by Pennant.

*

obsoleta. O. testa equivalvi, uniaurita, pellucida, radiis tenuibus

8.
levis.
E34 X

numerossissimis.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. n. 66. t. 61. f. 66.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 153. n. T. Pecten parvus.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 1. f. 2.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 149.

- Habitat in mari, rarissima.

Testa diametro 4 poll. colore purpurascente-brunneo, striis: minutissimis
obliquis. Margo denticulatus, rotundatus. Auricula pectinata.

First noticed by Pennant; found on the Cornish
coast, according to Da Costa. =

O. testa suborbiculari, pellucida, leevi, auriculis i Inzequa-
libus.
Pennant Brit. Zool. rt n. 67.

Td Test. Brit. p. 150. t. 4. f. 4.
- Habitat in mari.
Testa. * poll. longa, tenuis, glabra, rugis nonnullis obsoletis concentricis.

| ul longitudinaliter | dense striate, Striæ transyersæ delicatissime.
Color sordi ide-flayus, intus candidus.

MP noticed by Pennant, dom Anglesea. It has
been found in Falmouth and Salcombe Pay» by Mr.
Montagu, but rarely. |

HE

Pecten

Xm

EE

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. ` 101

Pecten glaber of Pennant (n. 68) does not answer to
the description of Ostrea glabra of Linneus.

Never having met with this species, we are unable
to make any additional remarks of our own.

9. * ** Rudes, vulgo Ostree dicte.
edulis. O. testa semiorbiculata, membranis imbricatis, undu-
latis, valvula altera plana, integerrima. Linn. Fauna
Suec. n. 2149. Syst. Nat. p. 1148. n. 211. M. L.U.
p. 534. Linn. Gmel. p. 3334,
Rond. Aquat. 2. p. 3T.
Gesn. Aqu. p. 645.
Aldrovand. Exsang. p. 482.
Merrett Pin. p. 193.
- Lister Anim. Angl. t. 4. f. 26. :
Conch. t. 193. f. 30. & 194. f. S1.
Bonanni Recr. 2. p. 108. f. 10.
x Sibbald Mus. Balf. p. 161.
: -Wallace Ork. p. 42.
Leigh Lanc. p. 134.
Smith Cork, p. 318.
Borlase Cornw. p. 274.
Wallis Northumb. p. 394.
Dale Harwich, p. 383.
- Guali. Test. t. 102. f. A. B.
Knorr Vergn. 3. t. 24. f. 2; 462552.
Ginann. Adr. 2. t. 18. f. 137.
Bast. Op. subsec. 2. p. 62. t. 8. f. 1, 2, 8, 0.
Martini Geschichte der Natur. 4 Band..
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 62. f. 70. inf.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 154. t. 11. f. 6.

Chemn.

102 - Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RackETTs

. Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 74. f. 682.
Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. 18. f. 9, 10.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 36. t. 11. f. 6.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 151.
Habitat in mari, scopulis affixa, aut limo immersa.
Testa vulgaris, rudis, brunnea, intus glabra, alba, nitens ; forma et magni-

tudine plurimum variat. Cardo est cavitas ad extremitatem acutiorem.
(Linn.)

è ANOMIA.
Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 314.
R
Ephippi- A. testa suborbiculata, rugoso-plicata, planiore, perfo-
um. . rata. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1150. n. 218. Linn. Gmel.
p. 3340.
Lister Conch. t. 204. f. 38.
D’ Argenv. Conch. t. 19. f. C. -
. — — Pennant Brit. Zool. A. t, 62. fig. superior.
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 46. T 604, 695.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p- 165. t. 11. f. 3.
Favanne Conch. t. 41. B.
Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. 18. f. 11, 12.
Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. p. 37. t. 11. f. 3.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 26.
- Habitat in mari, testaceis adhieréns;
p Tia interdum diametro 3 poll. tenera, sublamellata dead cue

erculum. Hantsculum, foramine ovato pr

onem, ad cardinem nico. NS
Squamula. A. testa dae E plana; margine altero

. gibbo,

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 103

— gibba, Levi. Linn. Fauna Suecica. n. 2151. Syst. Nar-
p.1151. n. 221. Linn. Gmel. p. 3841.
Linn. It. Wgoth. p. 171. Patella.
Pennant Brit. Zool. n. 11.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 167.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 80.
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 77. f. 696.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 31. t. 13. f. 4.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 156. & p. 561.

Habitat in mari, super Cancros et Testacea.

vula altera convexior, umbone acuto ; altera plana, perforata.
An non Testa junior praecedentis ?

3.
aculeata. A. testa subrotunda, aculeata, vertice levi posterius 1 re-

curvo. Linn. Gmel. p. 3346.
Gualt. Test. t. TT. fig. inf.
Mull. Zool. Dan. Prod. p. 3005.
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. TT. f- 102. -
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 157. t. 4. f. 5.

Halitat in mari, radicibus algarum adherens.
_ Testa diametro 2 poll., subalbida, valva inferiori plana, levi, ad verticem
perforata. ( Gmel.)
First noticed as British, by. Mr. Mont in Devon-
shire and d Cornwall. ae

undulata. A. tester mp -crenato, valva BER tenuissima
devi, foramine ovali amplo pertusa, convexa, striis
transversis arcuatis longitudinales undulatas i:
santibus. Linn. Gmel. p. 3346.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 4. f. 21. —— Conch. t. 80. f 36.

; Mull. Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 3003? Pr.
: e CX (1 Da

E.

Testa diametro + poll. tenuissima, levis, alba seu argentea, pellucida. dn P

104 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT’S

——— Da Costa Brit. Conch. n 169. 1: 11.£ 4. ©. striata.
! Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 77. f- 699.
Encyclop. Method. t. 184. f. 5, 6.
Pulteney in Hutch, Dorset. p. 36. t. 11. f. 4. O. striata.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 45. O. striata. -
. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 153. $ p. Roe t D TA 6. 7 p. 580.

Habitat in mari, testaceis. adherens.

Testa diametro 1 poll., tenuis, pellucida, plana, inter Padeseente- brunnea
inter costas versus marginem. Differt ab 4. aculeata, quod major,
et coste distantiores nunquam spinose. (Montagu.)

- cymbi or- A. testa oblonga, rudi, substriata, umbone incurvato,
mis. valvula planiore perforata.

t. 3. f. 6. Schrót. Einl. in Conch. 3. t. 9. f. 13.

Habitat in mari.
x SLE longa, $ lata, tenerrima; albida. 4. Grypho similis.
Several specimens, all resembling the figure we have
given, were discovered by Mr ML ay. on 1 the coast of
Caithness-shire,. N. B. E P dS

d

MYTILUS.

— Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 315.
A;

. Crista M. testa pi spool labro piroga WT m
= galli,

Side. up t. - 23. LAT -
Sloane Jam. 1. t. 18. f. 1.
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 15. Po 683, 684; dis 75. x 685.
Montagu Test. Brit. ; 31006 ee ET
em Halitat

LI

: : This species has been found adhering to bottoms of .
ships. Monies Test. Brit. p. 167.) |
rugosus. M. testa doo CU dE rugosa, obtusa, antiquata.
Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1156. n. 249. Linn. Gmel. p. 3352.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 4. f. 21. —— Conch. t. e SF. 227.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 63. f. 72.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 223.
Schrét. Einl. in Conch. t. 9. f. 14. a. b.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 37. t. 13. f. 5.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 141. ` ,
: Montagu Test. Brit. p. 164.
d Halitat in mari, rupes perterebrans.
Testa 1 poll.longa, 4 lata, sed forma et magnitudine variat ; rudis, sordide
alba sub epidermide flavescente, rugis transversis. Cardo versus ex-
tremitatem, margine cardinali rotundato. E
Found Many on many of our Rx E
uem | |
edulis. M. testa fence aiaa valid anterius subcari-
. matis, posterius. retusis, umbonibus acuminatis. Linn.
Fn. Suec. n.2156. Syst. Nat. p. 1151. Linn. Gm. p.3353.
Rondel. Aquat. 2. p. 46.
| Aldrov. Exsang. p. 512.
: Gesner Aquat. p. 277. :
VOL. VIII. /— P | | Bellon

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 105

Habitat in mari, navium carinis affixa.

D up ferrugineo-opaca, striata punctis elevatis, acute palmata, complicata,

digitis profunde incurvis ad angulos. acutos antrorsum retrorsumque ;
intus glabra, notata juxta marginem. serie punctorum eminentium,
extus armata spinis compressis, qui intus concaya, et ubi attingunt
solida adjacentia adherent instar radicum. Cardo simplicissimus,
linearis, edentulus, secundum marginem insculptus. (Linn, Mus. Lud.

Ulr. p. 537.)

7

106 — Dr. Marowv's and Mr. Racxett’s

Bellon Aquat. p. 397.
Bonann. Recr. 2. f. 30. Mus. Kirch. 2. f. 29.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. À. f. 28. Conch. t. 362. f. 200.
Mery in Act. Paris. 1711. t. 3. f. 4,5.
Gualt. Test. t. Q1. f. Be
Ginann. Adr. 2. p. 36. t. 23. f. 168.
Knorr Vergn. 4. t. 15. f. 1; § 5.1. 25. f. 1.
Baster Opusc. subseciv. 3. p. 101. t. 11. f. 9, 11.

~ ` Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 63. f. 73. |

—. — DaCosta Brit. Conch. p. 210. t. 15. f. 5. M. vulgaris.

Wood in Act. Soc. Linn. 6. t. 18. f. 13, 14.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 38. t. 12. f. 5. P
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 198.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 159.

Habitat in mari, vulgatissima, ad scopulos bysso affixa.
Testa levis, crassa, violaceo-nigra. Valvule cymbiformes, multum con-
. cave, margine altero semicirculari, altero recto et fere concavo. Cardo
- fossula intra apicem absque. denticulo. Par testarum distinctarum in
plano juxta se positarum refert ungulas pecoris binas, medio inter se
dehiscentes, basi Aenjanttae: (Linn, Mus. Lud. Ulr. P. 541.)

4,
incurva- M. testa iU. hee Tu incurvatis.
tus. Lister Conch. t. 357. f. 195, 196.
4. 8. f. 7. Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 64. f. 74.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 160.
Habitat in mari.

z Aea precedenti affinis, sed vix dimidiam magnitudinem zequans, latior,
> e curva, An distincta species ?

"ist noticed as British. AE beside: found on the
‘Devonshire. coast, -

5; pellu-

Descriptive — of the British Testacea. 107

5.

pellucidus. M. testa oblonga, levi, tenerrima, pellucida, longitudi-
. maliter violaceo-radiata.
Pennant Brit. Zool, t. 63. f. 15. )
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 84. Jv 4523. E. pte .
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 81.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 160.
Habitat in mari.

Testa 2 poll. longa, 1 lata, albida, sub epidermide lutescente. M. eduli afi-
nis, sed tenerrima, levissima, glaberrima.

First noticed by Pennant. Found in Anglesea, by
the Rev. Hugh Dents: and in Mibi) by Mr. Do-
novan.

6. - x
ungulatus. M. testa levi, subcurvata; margine posteriori inflexo,

cardine terminali, bidentato. Linn. Sys. d Nat. p. 1157.

nm. 254. Linn. Gmel. p. 3354.

Lister Conch. t. 364. Ff: 2035”

Gualt. Test. t. 91. f. E.

Regenf. Conch. t. 4. f. 4T.

Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 85. f. 156.

Donovan Brit. Shells; t. 13% foa 2.

Habitat in mari, rarissima, - Jedi à

Testa rudis, fragilis, livida, striata transversim quasi ex lineis imbricatis.
Sutura postica linea recta excurrit ultra apicem obtusum. Cardo rima
"longitudine suture eique parallela. Par testarum distinctarum, in
- plano juxta se positarum, refert ungulas pecoris binas medio a se in-

-. vicém. dehiscentes et basi divaricatas. ~- (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 541.)

Yet noticed as British by Mr. Donovan. Found on
the coast of Cornwall, by Miss Pocock.

Pe testa levi, margine anteriore carinato, umbonibus
gibbis, cardine sublaterali. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1158.

n. 956. Linn. Gmel. p. 3354. ;

P : T

3085 Dr. Marow's and Mr. RACKETT’S

Lister Conch. t. 359. f. 128.
- D' Argenv. Conch. t. 92. f. C.
` Gualt. Test. t. 91. f. H.
Adans. Seneg. t. 15. f. 1.
Knorr Vergn. 4. t. 15. f. 3.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 66. f. ry Š |
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 219. t. 15. f. Be ;
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 85. f. 757. el |
- Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 38.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 93.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 163.

Testa j JRO
Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2157. Syst. Nat. p. 1156. n. 252.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3353. M. barbatus.
Ginan. Adr. t. 27. f. 169.
Gualt. Test. t. 91. f. H. fig. med.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 64. f. 70. A. . M. curtus.
-= Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 84. f. 749. gs
-Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 38. t. 12. i 5. dextra.
M. barbatus. !
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 70. M. burbatus 7
- Montagu Test. Brit, p. 161. M. barbatus. -

Habitat in mari. |
- Testa perniformis, crassa, fugoss, sob epidermide tenui nigricans, seu fusca.
Margo anterior ad basin longius fere excurrit.quam apex; dorsum
vero attenuatur versus apicem, qui obtusus. Gibbositas teste versus
.. dorsum postice flectitur, Cardo fossula intra apicem et marginem anti-
. cum, qua itaque non terminalis est, (Linn. Mus. tait, pe p. 542.)
Teste jr juniores antice barbatze; saxis, testaceis onuste.

First noticed as an English species by. Pennant. It is

sometimes dredged up from HERD Wal on various
parts of the coast. V

E

P . Dr.

tp

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 109

Dr. Pulteney first suspected M. barbatus of Linnæus

= to be the young of M. Modiolus. The truth of this surmise
has been confirmed by Mr. M‘Leay, who has had an —
opportunity of examining this species in all the stages

of its growth.
8.

umbilica- M. testa obovata, antiquata, rugosa, margine posteriore
tus. alterius valvulz involuto.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. 1. 65. f. 16.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 220. M. curvirostratus.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 40.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 164.

- Habitat in pelago.

Testa magnitudine, forma, et colore M. Modioli, cui maxime affinis ; rudis,
crassa, rugosa, epidermide nigricante-fusca; ssepius serpulis aliisque
testaceis obtecta. An varietas solum ?

Discovered by the Rev. Hugh em off Priestholme
5 Island, Anglesea.
E M. testa ovata, anterius compressiuscula, fragilissima,
t. 3. A. f.2. cardine laterali. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1158. m. 257.
g. Linn. Gmel. p. 3355.
t.3. A. f. 3. Lister Anim. Angl. App. t.1. 3.
Gualt. Test. t. 7. f. F. PDA
~ D’Argenv. Conch. t. 31. f. 10. sin.
"Pennant Brit. Zool. 1. 61. f- 18. 2
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 214. t. 15. f 2.
Schrót. Flussconch. t. 8. f. 1.
` Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 86. f. 762.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 38. t. 12. f. 2.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 55.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 179.

Conch. t. 156. f. Hk

Habitat

310 . Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Racxert’s

Habitat in rivis et stagnis, frequens.

Testa interdum 3 poll. longa, 6 lata, subpellucida, ad cardinem ventricosa,
rugosa, epidermide virescente aut nigricante induta, intus margaritacea.
Differt a M. anatino quod multo major, tenuior, et sepius convexior.

Varietas 8. 2 poll. longa, 3 lata, crassa, ponderosa, rudis, anterius declivis.

Mytilus cygneus and anatinus frequently resemble
each other so much, that it is with difficulty they are
to be distinguished ; and there are also many shells
which appear to differ from them in some respects, but

we have never found the variation sufficient to enable
us to form a specific character upon it. :

10.
anatinus. M. testa ovali, compressiuscula, fragilissima,” E artic

t. 9. A. f. 1. membranaceo, umbonibus decorticatis. Linn. Fauna
Suecica, n. 92158. Syst, Nat. p. 1158. n. 258." - Linn.
Gmel. p. 3355.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. B 29.
Conch. t. 153. f. 8.
Petiver Gaz. t. 93. f. 8.
Gualt. Test. t. 7. f. E.

— App. ty 1. fe 9.

D' Argenv. Conch. t. 31. F 10. mL dues B | E: j

Pennant Brit. Zool. t, 68. f. 79.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 215.
Schröt. Flussconch. tif, 3.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 88.1.19... 6. —
- Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 113.
Monta, su Test: Brit. p. 17 lo
B. Lister Conch. t. 154. f. D2) a 9999 Le
t.3.A. f.4. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 172. M. Avonensis.
Haliiat in aquis dulcibes; frequens. -

Tesía interdum 2 poll, longa, 34 lata, epidermide etl fears, rugis
transversis

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. cV CEN

- transversis rudis, antice compressa, production, postice rotundata; intus -
> margaritacea.

Varietas 6. 12 poll. longa, 3 poll. lata, margine antériore rectiusculo seu
subarcuato, cardine versus extremitatem posteriorem.
31.
discors. M. testa ovali, cornea, subdiaphana, antice longitudina-
Ebh 8. liter, postice transversaliter, striata. Linn. Syst. Nat.
p.1159. n. 261. Linn. Gmel. p. 3856.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 221. t. 17. f. 1.
| Born Mus. p. 121. vign.
Chemn. Naturf. 10. t. 1. f. 8.
— Conch. 8. t, 86. f. 764. 767. PRAA
-> Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 38. t. 2. f. 1.
ds Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 25. 1

E co

— — Montagu Test. Brit. p. 107... |
-~ B. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 169. M. Media.
t. 3. f. O. Habitat in mari, sepius epidermide Ascidie@ Mentule, vel testaceis, et
* fucis, bysso adherens.

Testa3.poll.longa, 1lata,alba,rufescente-maculata, sub epidermide olivacea,
tenuissima, fragilissima. Testa tribus areis distinguitur. Area antica
striis constat ab umbonibus ad marginem exteriorem anticum, longi-
tudinalibus ; tertia ab umbonibus ad marginem exteriorem posticum,
fere transversalibus ; intermedia vel striis obsoletis transversalibus vel

- Rp. plane nullis. (Linn.) `

[ ; Varietas 8. minor, minus convexa, antice rotundata, latior, striis solum 8 vel
gin area juxta umbones ; absque maculis.

First noticed as British by 1 Dr. Pulteney, ‘who sent it
to Da Costa. Found sparingly on the Western coast.
The variety was first noticed by Mr. Montagu, and is
found at Southampton, Poole, and Ilfracombe, Devon ;
ir and on the S. coast of Wales.

19. precisus.

112 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT's

12. -
pracisus. M. testa oblonga, difformi, rugosa, cardine ad extremi-
tatem.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 165. t. 4. f. 2.

Habitat in mari, radicibus algarum adherens, vel rupes perterebrans.

Testa praecedenti affinis, facie Solenis minuti, 4 poll. longa, + lata, sæ- |
pius minor, umbonibus prominentibus, margine cardinali truncato,
valvula altera majore. Interdum utrinque truncata. Cardo rugosus,
inflexus, cum foramine sub margine. (Montagu. _

_A new species, discovered by Mr. Montagu « on the

Devonshire coast, and in Wales. n

13. :
striatus. M. striatus, umbonibus productis. Walker Test. Min. Rar.
Sg

Montagu Test. Brit. r 173. *

Habitat in mari.

Testa pellucida, alba. (Walker. )

. Found, according to the above author, at Reculver
and Sandwich,
P I NN E
i Linn. Syst. Nat, n. 316. me : :
1. ae :

ingens. P. testa rugosissima, rugis concentricis irregularibus
longitudinaliter a rostro decurrentibus, et versus car-
dinem angulo recto inflexis. Montagu Test. Brit. p.180.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. n. 81.

< Donovan Brit. Shells, 1.159. P. leevis. -
- Habitat i in mari.

Testa f ped. longa, 7 poll. lata, opaco-fusca. | cS :
Variat interdum. striis 7 vel 8 remotis, spinosis. er. ;

This species has been found on the Devonshire coast,
by Mr. Montagu, and received from the coast of Shet-
land, by Mr. A er

s

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 113

"Specimens from Scotland and the Western coast do
. not appear to differ; and there i is great probability that
this is the species mentioned. by Pennant.

2.
pectinata. P. testa daidi lorigitudialiter striata, latere altero

transverse subrugoso. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1160. n.264.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3364.

Gualt. Test. t. 79. pf

Seba Mus. t. 91. f. 3.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 69. f. 80.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 240. t.16. f. 3.

Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 37. fg xw |

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 39. t. 3. ES 3.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 10.

Be t LI. Post. ji ong

Testa 6 poll. renga, 3 dc venis, 5 tli, eo PeR Smal ad basin czruleo-
viridis vel purpureo variegata; striis 10 vel 12 elevatis; spinis concavis
. ab apice ad marginem decurrentibus. Teste pars tertia bs ris spina-
rum, rugosa, oblique striata.
Found on the Western spasla but.not common.
3,- *
muricata. P. testa striata ; squamis concavis, um. deut. qom
Si y Nat. p. 1160. n. 266. Linn. Gmel. p. 3364,

‘er Conch. t. 310. f. 210; Bi. e dig E Be.

Ek: as

-Rumpl. Mus. t. 46.. f M: Era
Seb. Mus. 3.4, 92. er-1, f. pri
-Gualt. Test. t. 19. foL eee Cut
Chemn. Conch. 8. t. 87. y3 169.

^ Puleeneyin Hutch. Dorset. p. 39.

i Montegn Lest. Brit. p. 183. t. 5. f 5.

Habitat in mari. «n |
Testa pellucida; striis cinch. tats, alteris, v versus picem echinatis ;

"voL vui --— a squamis

è

114 —— Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT's E

_ squamis 6 ad 8, parvis, acutis, patulis, concavis. (Linn, Mus. Lud.
Ulr. p. 195.) . Teste juniores leves.

Found near Weymouth Dorset, by Dr. Pulteney.

NAUTILUS.

Linn. Syst. Nat. n. $18. |
T ; * spirales, rotundati : anfractibus contiguis. ; = ;
lacustris. N.testa spirali, compressa, umbilicata, carinata; anfrac-
tibus tribus, supra convexis contiguis; apertura semi-
ovata; septis triradiato-perforatis. Lightfoot in Act.

Angl. t. 76. t. 1. f. 1—7. . |

Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 1. f. 28.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 191. t. . 6. Jf 3.

Habitat in aquis dulcibus. |

Testa diametro 1 poll. tenera, pellucida, Hodhi vivente rufescente-brunnea,
lineis 3 vel 4 albis ab umbilico ad marginem decurrentibus. Incola

Limax, antennis filiformibus, oculis capiti infixis juxta antennarum
ees ut in aquaticis. (Lightfoot.) |
- Discovered by Mr. Boys on flags in Hernhill akt
Kent Found on the roots of Carices, near Eton, Buck-
inghamshire, by Mr. Agnew; and in the marshes neàr
qom Eu by Mr. Swainson.
£.
rotatus, N. testa spirali, levi; apertura semicordata; geniculis
sex; striisflexuosis,elevatis, notatis; carina in tegerrima.
` Planc. Conch. t. 1. f. 12. 13?
Martini Conch. t. 20. f. 180. 181?

Morti, Ev Bot. Ps 189. t. 15. A $ N. Calcar.

wEhinapectobae bec ako be. the N. Calcar
of Linneus, but it does. not apte either with his de-
scription or with the guns! Fus he TÉ v.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 115

3. i
levigatu- N. testa spirali ; ; geniculis lavibus. Winther Test. Min.
lus. — APAT Coo

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 188.
Habitat in mari.
Testa semipellucida, alba, Habarichal

Found at Sandwich and Seasalter; not common.
(Walker.)

We are unable to add to the above imperfect de-
scription, never having obtained this species.

Li - Supplem. t. 18. f. 7.8.

å.
depressu- N. testa spirali, utrinque subumbilicata; geniculis de-

lus. |. pressis, plurimis. | Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 3. f. 68.
Adams Microsc. p. 641. t. 14. ^ 33. moi
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 190. Supplem. t. 18. F: 9.
Habitat ad littora arenosa.

Testa opaca, alba. > .
From Reculver, in fen: E rare. Walker.)

5.
umbilica- N. testa spirali, umbilicata; geniculis sulcatis Walker

tulus. . Test. Min. Rar. t. 8. f. 69.
Adams Microsc. p. 641. t. 14. f. 34o DiM
Montagu Test. Brit. pc MA spen s ts 18. 5 L
Habitat in mari. |
155 Testa opaca, albas |. E.
From Sandwich ; not common. ; Walker.)
Neither this species nor the Prevodi» ave ever fallen
under our notice: ugi ] 4:0 m Baie
crispus. N. testa READ ; pan ordain anfsaptibus con-
- "tiguis ; geniculis crenatis. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1162.
n. 275. Linn, Gmel. p. 3310. Lao —
Plant: Conch. t. 1.2...

Gualt. Test. t. 19. JA. D. a
Q 2 Ginann.

116

- Dr. Marow's and Mr. Racxsrt’s

~ Ginann. Adriat. t. 14. f. 112.
` Lederm. Micr. t. 8. f. b.

| 0 Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 3. f. 65.

Martini Conch. t. 20. f. 112—174.

Soldani Testaceog. t. 33. f. F.; & t. 34. f GE
Favanne Conch. 1.69. D. 9. — —

Adams Microsc. p. 640. t. 14. f. 30.

~~ Fichtel & Moll Test. Micr. t. 4. f. d. e. f.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 187. Supplem. 1:148. f. 5.

Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. E19. Í. 29.

Habitat in mari.

Testa minúta, utrinque equalis et umbilicata striata, striis elevatis, dorso
carinato.

Found on the Kentish coast ; at Teignmouth and Sal-
combe, Devonshire; in the Isle of Purbeck, and at
eke tale Dorset; and on the South coast of Wales.

| Beccari, N testa spirali, apertura obovata, anfractibus enen

E. ade Mag 9 dead.. 8. t. 2. d 16.»

E SIS geniculis insi sculptis. Linn. Bub 1 Nat. p: 1162.
n. . 276. Linn. Gmel. p. 3310. EARNE

Plane. Conch. ts duke do xia qum Tae

:Gualt. Test. t. 19. f. H. f is

- Ginan. Adr. 2. t. 14. f. 111... T

Lederm. Micr. t. 8. f. 8.; & t. à. fe b

Martini Conch. 1. t. 19. f. 178. 179; f. 90. f. 175—177.

Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 3. f. 63. :

- Favanne Conch. t. 69. f. D. 2.

ie Test: Brit. 4 p 186. —— - Supple. t. 18. : E s
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset: t.19. f. 28.
B perversus, Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 8. f. 64.

Martini

8.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 117
Martini Conch. 1. t. 19. f. 178. 179.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 181. —— nim. t. 18. f 6.

Halitat in mari, fucis et testaceis Minrtot; frequens, — —
Testa minuta, alba, pellucida, sub epidermide brunnea. - 74

. Varietas B anfractibus contrariis.

First noticed on the British shores by Mr. Boys.

crassulus. N. testa crassa, utrinque umbilicata, geniculis lineatis.

gt

| UABPSIDDE: it to un He Nautilus.

Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 3. f. 10.
Adams Microsc. p. 641. t. 14. f. 55

- Martini Conch. 1. t. 19. d. |
j AMobtagmdFistssdiento p 191; $ Supplem. t. 18. 2;

- Habitat iù mari.
Testa opaca, alba.
From Reculver; Cre rare. (Walker)

ey: E » i£ S
HÉ SEET. Eod Y
x ymi E Å aui Hi 33

tobátului: N. testa perdrai iadt E EA verrucosa, spi-

rali, isthmis intercepta: septis semilunaribus tener-
rimis. Linn. Gmel. p. 3139. Serpula Nautiloides.
Schröter n. Litterat. 3. t. 3. f. 22. 93.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 515. Serpula lobata. —

! ‘Habitat in. mari, fucis, testaceis, bysso, Pinnee ingenti adherens. f

Testa diametro 1 lin. alba, vel flavescens, figura inconstante, nunc magis
UG deal nunc magis oblonga, supra convexa, me plana, lobis
is du para Prim soe aly gin vt

attached to other ribs ES tq with Site be .
placed among the Serpule. We agree, therefore, with
Dr. Turton (whose trivial name we have fidoptem s in

-

= 10. semili-

118 © . Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT'S
10. She ** elongati, rectiuscult. — '
semili- N. testa recta, apice incurvato-spirali, suftactibua con-
tuus. tiguis. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1163. n. 280. Linn. Gmel.
p. 3312. | s
Column. Phytob. t. 38. f. D.
'Planc. Conch. t. 1. AG 4
Martin. Conch. 1. t. 20. F 186. 187.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 8. f. 13.
Adams Microsc. p. 642. t. 14. f. 38. x
Montagu Test. Brit. Pp. 196 ; § Supplem. t. 19. f. 3.

Habitat in mari.
Testa minuta, brunnea; geniculis elevatis; siphone producto, minimo.

From Sandwich and Sheppy Island; rare. F Found by
Mr. Tor 2
Ik TARN
carinatu- N. testa oblonga, carinata ; apertura lineari, ovali.
lus. Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 3. f. 72.
—— —- Adams Microsc. p. 642. t. 14. f. 31.
Montagu Test. Brit. p- N DN O s
Habitat in mari. —— ue Se EAS
Testa albida, diaphana, vitrea.

From Seasalter and Sandwich ; very rare. “Walker. )
12. |
Legumen. N. testa compressa articulata, hinc marginata : siphone
laterali. Linn. Syst. Nat. P 1164. n. 288. Linn. Gmel.
Sah C ue
Piane, Conch. E aeg t 7

Montagu Test. Brit. Suppen t 19 or e
Habitat in mari. , H3

> ES - EE-S a * di a
Id * d 3 à ER
X xo». a Lm WE ALS x AU. ETCA $ sp Pr
M. Se * se, oS oA Ei ils te Ree ee Boe

Testa.

*.

— Descriptive Catalog ue of the British Testacea. 119

Testa minuta, s aise: apice ad alterum latus cultrato, ad now levi-
-ter arcuato. (Gmelin.) .

3 ips : Sound by, Mr. Montag gu. . pies CMM

rectus. N. testa subareuata ; geniculis d" s depressis..
Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 3. f. 74.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 197. CEN: t. 19. f. 4. § f. T.
Habitat in mari, rarissima.
Testa py poll. longa, crassa, opaca, brunnea, cameris inconspicuis.

Found at Sandwich, by Mr. Boys.

14.
te testa recta, oblongo-ovata, articulis torosis, glabris.
»* — Linn. Syst. Nat. p. Pss n. oen neces "cm; A 3373.
E Plates Gone. 1. 5. pe
Lederm. Micr. t. 8. f. e; 4 t 4 r. Se a |
Martini Conch. 1. vign. 1669. -
` Montagu Test. Brit. p. 197. t. tafe 4; & t. M. f. 6.
Habitat in mari. — —
Testa minuta, opaca, vapi leve; geniculis 2ad 5. Articulus primus
nunc globosus, nunc conicus. Apex nunc obtusus, nunc acutus,
Found at Sandwich, by Mr. Boys.
15.

subarcua- N. testa subcylindrica, subarcuata ; articulis tribus glo-
‘tus. bosis, reliquis indistinctis. =
1o Montagu Test. Brit. p. 198. t. 6. SJ. 5. |
~ Lederm. Micr. t.4.f.S.

-Habitat ad littora. ———

_ Testa 3s E longa, alba, pellucida, glabra, -

Found at Sandwich] Kent, a Mr. Spi |

16. s
jugosus. N. testa subcylindrica, subarcuata, articulis n novem glo-

bosis, costatis. Montagu Test. Brit. P 198. t. 14. J. 4.
- Gualt. Test. t. 19. f. N?
Martin. Conch. 1, vign. Lf. B. b..

Linn.

è

120 l ` Dr. Maron’ s and Mr. Rackert’ `

Linn. Gmel. p. 397 g; N. oan
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 198. | s
Habitat in mari. ied aaa
Testa 4 poll. longa, opaca, baies, apice producto.
Found by Mr. Boys. on the Kentish coast. [4 :
bee
costatus. N. testa recta, subey linea articulis duodecim torosis,
| Cont HU | A Test. d ibi al ew cd 5.
` Habitat i in mari. - quc .. . euius
Testa. 4 poll. ligt costis quatuor br equidistantibus, longitidinalius
- Varietas B articulis sex.

"Found by Mr. Boys, on the Kentish coast.

CYPRÆA.

; Toni Syst. Nat. n. 390.
Pediculus. C. testa marginata, transversim sulcata. a. P oe: Nat.
= 1180. m. 364, Linn. Gm p: Sali g
Beka Corne. t. 28. fa 12... ipede
Da Costa Brit. Conch. Ph 32. t. 2. rx 6.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 43. A

"^ ie: wh gd

puc

6 minor, pallida, EWPRERASeR, seu. camaria, srt ee
maculis. . á

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 3. É Y S

| Borlase Cornw. t. 28. ra Te
pi iaiia go} tartini: Conéh. t. 99. f. 308—9..

4^.

Coie te 107. Ei 9T.

E E Brit. EVE t. ARENE o

Hid à
54262

Bra yi p
*s

s; raid, maculis s tibus bibis:

dt

"Testa imagined ie piti u abov.
First noticed. = Borlz Ie =
š ‘Limeus

V
bullata.

i.
patula.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 121

Linnzus has noticed that the European shells want
the longitudinal furrow; and heappears to have been
acquainted with the variety above mentiantd, which,
he says, is without spots.

C. testa subglobosa, levi.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 202. t. 6. f. 1.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa vix magnitudine pisi, candidissima, diaphana, glabra, interdum ob-
solete striata. Spira acutiuscula. Rima utrinque dentata, dentibus
acutiusculis. An distincta species? vel testa junior przecedentis ?

Found at Tenby, S. Wales, by Mr. Adams; and in

‘Salcombe Bay, Devon, by Mr. Montagu.

BULLA.
Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 321.
B. testa birostri, margine plano, rostris inzequalibus.

Martin. Conch. 1. t. 23. f. 217. a. b?
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 70. f. 85. A.

Encyclop. Method. t. 357. f. 1.

-Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 40. t. 12. f. 8.

€.
aperta.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 143.
Montagu Test. Brit. R 207.

. Habitat in mari.

Testa 1 poll. longa, 4 poll. lata, alba, pellucida, lzvissima, fragilis ; altera

extremitate quasi truncata. Columella subumbilicata.
Found at Weymouth, omg to Pennant and Dr.
Pulteney.

B. testa subrotunda, pellucida, transversim substriata,

; tota hiante. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1183. n. 376. Linn.

Gmel. p. 3424.

VOL. VIII. R Gualt.

122 — — Dr. Marow's and Mr. Rackert’s

Gualt. Test. t. 13. f. E. E.

Martin. Conch. 1. p. 266. vign. 13. f. 3.

Schrót. Einl. in Conch. t. 1. f. 8. a. b.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 30. t. 2. f. 3.

Chemn. Conch. 10. t. 146. f. 1354. 1355.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 40. t. 22. f. 3.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 120. ps n

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 208. siut

Habitat in mari. — : `

Testa diametro 4—1 poll. tenuis, fragilis, pellucida. Columella potius in-
flexa quam involuta. Umbilicus nullus. Runa patentissima.

First noticed as British by Da Costa. Not uncom-
mon on many parts of the Western and Southern coasts.
Mr. Donovan has found it below Tenby, in Caermar-

thenshire.
Se

Catena. B. testa ovali, pellucida, transversim striata; spira obtusa.
_. Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 5. t. 1. f 5 Tt 8. B E ?
kn Montagu — "— - - 7 Sie
Habitat in mari. SENES
Testa minuta, B. aperia MESS dila, striis transversis, punctatis, catenam:
zemulantibus: hee strize oculo armato solum discernende sunt. Aper-
tura ampliata, versus apicem angüstata,
Found among sand in Bigberry Bay, Devon, by Mr.

Montagu; and at Tenby; S. Wales, by Mr. Adams.
atte

emargi- B. testa gibba; apertura ‘emarginata. Adams in Act.
“nata. ‘Soc. Linn. 5. t. 1. A9. 10, 11.
Habitat in mari.

" Found near Pembroke. (Adams). 3 ieee

denticu- B. testa oblonga, er a obtusa, levi, apertura ad

lata. apicem denticulata, - oe Adams’ in à Act. Soc.
Linn. 5. t. 1. f. 4 4, 5 A dh distal

. Habitat

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 123

Habitat in mari.
Testa pellucida, alba.

Found near Hosted « not common.” (Adams.)
The above two species appear to have been noticed
only by the late Mr. Adams.

Plumula. B. testa depressa, ovato-oblonga, aperta.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 214. t. 15. f. 9.

Habitat in mari. wade
Testa X poll. longa, 1 lata, tenuis, pellucida, flavescente-alba, striis con-
centricis rugosa, costis 9 vel 3 fere obliteratis a margine ad apicem,
intus rugosa. Spira vix conspicua. —
A new species, discovered by Mr. icd at Mil-
ton Sands, South Devon.

EET
Haliotoi- B. testa subovali, pellucida; apertura ovali, dilatata.

dea. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 211. t. T. f. 6.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. ELZ DS

Habitat in mari.

Testa poll. longa, 4 poll. hs alba, tenuissima, obsolete rugosa, omnino
facie Haliotidis. Spira obsoleta, anfractibus. vix duobus. Apex con-
tortus.

- Discovered in Salcombe Bay, and. at Portross, De-
cvopllie ; and on Studland Beach, Dorset, by Mr.

2 0053 Found at d ‘by Mr: bur

8. AMEN:
Pr yaahe B. testa ORI dl; pellucida, longitudinaliter. substriata,

© vertice umbilicato. Linn. Syst. Nat. P 1183. n. 377.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3424 ——— ^

Gualt. Test. t. 13. f. DD. .

Martin. Conch. 1. t. 21. f. 199.

-.. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 23. t. 1. f. 10. D. Navicula. —

- Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 118. f. 1019. |

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 40. t. 23. $ 10.
E au .. Donovan

124

9.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckrTT's

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 88.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 217.

Halitat in mari.

Testa diametro fére I poll. tenuis, fragilissima; globosa; colore corneo: vel
stramineo, interdum epidermide ferruginea.. Spira nulla. Umbilicus an-
tice imperforatus. Rima ovato-oblonga, versus apicem angustata..

Not uncommon. on the Western coast. —

Ampulla.-B. testa rotundata, opaca, vertice umbilicato. Linn.

Syst. Nat. p. 1183. n. 378. Mus. Lud. Ulr. n. 220. -

Linn. Gmel. p. 3424..
Bonann. Recr. 3. f. 3.
Grew Mus. t. 9. f. 1,8
Lister Conch. t. 114. f. 12. $
Petiver Gaz. t..50. f. 13; & = 99. f.1 jdn
Rumph. Mus. t. 27. f. G.

Gualt. Test. t. 12. fri.

_ Lesser Testaceoth. f. 31. —

— Mus. Gottwald. t; 4. c. 4. f. 56—59.

Adans. Seneg. t. 1. f. 2. | =
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. [84.5 5 2
Favanne Conch. t. 97. f. F. 6. |

Murray in Amen. Acad. 8. t. 2. f. 9.

Knorr Vergn. 2. t. 8. f. 15.

Martin. Conch..1. t..22. f. 209—904.
-Encyclop. Method. t. 958. f. 2.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 200. t. T. she Ae
Habitat in mari.

Testa $ poll. longa, albida, cele hib oa: Spira Bulls.

English specimens are smaller. Ead Lie m Ampulla

described by Linnzus.

Found by Mr. E in sand,
harbour; butrare. ^ ^

from Falmouth

. 10. lignaria.

a Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 195:

lignaria. B. testa obovata, oblongiuscula, transverse striata, ver-

tice subumbilicato. Linn. Syst. Nat. 2: 1184. n. 379.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3425.

Lister Conch. t. 714. f. 71.

Borlase Cornw. t. 28. feth.

Knorr Vergn. 6. t. 97. f. 4, 5.

Martin. Conch. t. 91. f. 195.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 10. f. 83.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 26. t. 1. f. 9.

Humphry in Act. Soc. Linn. 2. P. 15. t p f es

Encyclop. Method. t. 359. f..3.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 40. t. 23. "T 9..

Montagu Test. Brit. E 205.
Habitat in mari.. —

Testa, rarius 2 poll. longa, eoit fere ride vel f idiridiiannso, striis
minutissimis albis exarata, intus alba. Spira nulla. Umbilicus obso-
letus.. Rima versus apicem angustata,

Found at Weymouth, Dorset, and in Cornwall and
Devonshire ;. rare.. |
t. 7 T.
Akera.. D. testa ovata, pellucida ; vertige truncato cañaliculato.
Linn; Gmel p«3494. 289) semel
Chemn. Conch. 10. t. 146. f 1358: d,:9,9:
Donovan Brit.. Shells, t-79.. B. raile AX
` Montagu Test. Brit. p. 919. = spica
Pulteney.in Hutch. Apri t ea: ne a3.
Habitat in mari. =- —
Testa magnitudine nucis rud cornea, idis, elastica, longitudi-

. ndliter obsolete rugosa, transversim (oculo armato) minutissime striata. -
[per retusus., Rima apice angustata...

2 found on the shores of. Damff, in Scotland ; at Ly--
mington, by Mr. Keate; at Portsmouth, Hants, by
fr. Laskey ; at Poole, Dorset ; and near Southampton,
i -by Mr. Montagu..

12, diaphana.

126 Dr. Maton’s and Mr, RAcxkzTT's
12.
diaphana. B. testa ventricosa ; spira acuta, vix producta.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. (1. f. 872 V. Jonensis.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 225. ELES :

Habitat, rarior, in mari.
Testa 4 poll. longa, 2 lata, alba, SUR nitida, tenuissima, fragilissima.
Spira anfractibus tribus parum prominentibus. Apertura subovalis.

Found by Mr. Montagu, in Salcombe Bay, Devon.
13. a
fontinalis. B. testa ovata, pellucida, contraria; spira obsoleta ;
apertura ovato-oblonga. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2160.
Syst. Nat. p. 1185. n. 386. Linn. Gmel. p. 3427.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. 25. Conch. t. 134. f. 34.
Gualt. Test. t. 5. FGC
Muller Verm. p- 167. n. 353.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 96. t. 5. f. 6.
_ F'avanne Conch. t. 61. f. E. 9?
— Montagu Test. Brit. p. 226
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 40. 1.21. "m 6.
_ Habitat in rivis et stagnis, plantis aquaticis adherens. — —
; Testa 1 poll. longa, 4. lata, ventricosa, ovata, pellucida, flava, fragilis,
ut vix tactum ferat. Apertura ovato-oblonga, fere longitudinalis. An-

fractus infimus ventricosus, reliqui vix prominentes, Mucro obtusissi-
mus est, Spire sinistrorsum incedunt. (Linn.)

14. | +

rivalis. B. testa ovali, pellucida, sinistrorsa; spira prominula,
acuta ; apertura ovato-oblonga.

Favanne Conch. t. 61. f. E. 6?

Schrot. Flussconch. t. 6. f. 16; a. b.

Chemn. Conch. 9, t. 103. EE M 878.
Habitat in rivis et stagnis, |

Testa 4 poll.longa, } lata, pellucida, Rives echelons 2. fontinali affinis,
sed utplurimum major, exacte ovalis, Mucro acutus. -— magis
coarctata versus. apicem. :

. Found by Mr. James Has, in Hampahire.
5. Hypnorum.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. — 127

15.
Hypno- B. testa ovata, pellucida, sinistrorsa; spira prominente ;
rum. . apertura ovato-lanceolata. Linn. Fauna Suecica,
n. 2159. Syst. Nat. p.1185.n. 387. Linn. Gel. p. 3428.
- Petiver Gaz. t. 10. f. 8.
Lister Conch. t. 1059. f. 5. —
E Schrot. Flussconch. t. 6. f. 9.
| Watker Test. Min. Rar. t. 2. f. 54.
| | - Muller Verm. p. 169. n. 354. Planorbis turritus.

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 103. f. 882, 883.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 228. bu. cas:

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 18.f. 20. : ;

Habitat in aquis dulcibus.

Testa longitudine seminis avenze, sed crassior, pelle, subflava, tenerrima;.
prominens, eblonga, minus acuta, spiris seu anfractibus quatuor, si-
` nistrorsum flexis. | Apertura oblonga est, cum spire infime latitudo
superat totum corpus teste superioris, ( Linn.)

Figured and described by Petiver, who says it is
found at Mitcham, Surrey; and in ponds and ditches
about London. Found near Exeter, and in Wiltshire,
ofa large size, by Mr. Montagu. We have received it

from Keme ss og

6;

Se B. testa a advice, levi, apertura angustissima.
< Lister Conch. 3.714. fe 10. ives 21
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 70. f. 85..— m
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 40. 1. 18. 8.f 99.
Donovan Brit. TS t. 190. f. 9.

Habitat in mari. ;
Testa 4 poll. longa, vix 2 lata, alba, pellucida, nitida. edit linearis;.

basi paululum. cie Spira vix apparet.
First noticed by Lister, who had it from. Barnstaple,

Des. Found at eyma, pH D Teeney: at
S . Falmouth,

-

128

17.

obtusa.

18.

retusa.

Dr. Matown’s and Mr. RACKETT’S

Falmouth, Teignmouth, and Biddeford, by Mr. Mon-
tagu; near Ilfracombe, Devon, by the Rev. T.-Rackett.

This species must not be confounded with B. cylin-
drica of Gmelin.

B. testa subcylindrica, spira prominula.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 3. f. 62. per peram.
Montagu Test. Brit. P. 223, t. 7. f.'S. bene.

Halitat in mari.

Testa ad + poll. longa, + lata, alba, opaca, versus spiram angustior. _Aper-
tura linearis, latior ad basin.

First noticed by Mr. Boys, at Sandwich. Found in
abundance near Southampton; at Llaugharne, Caer-
marthenshire ; and sparingly at Salcombe, Devon, by
Mr. Montagu. We have received it from Chester, and
have found it at Poole and Weymouth, Dorset.

B. testa subcylindrica, spira retuso-umbilicata.
Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 5. t. 1. f. 1, 9. B. truncata.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 223. t. 7. f- 5. B. truncata.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 18. J 13.

Habitat in mari.

Testa 1 poll. longa, alba, versus apicem longitudinaliter striata, medio
coarctata. Apex truncatus..

Discovered by Mr. Adams, near Pembroke. Eos
by Mr. Montagu, at Falmouth, in Cornwall; in Sal-
tombe Bay, Devon; and at Weymouth, Dorset.

We have not retained the specific name of truncata,

= i given to this shell by Mr. Adams, on account of its

g been pre-occupied by Gmelin for a very different
species, originally described D peee ur in the
Rudolstadt Bas f

Se “49. umbili-

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. - 199
19.
wb B. testa oblongo-ovali, apice obtuso-unibilicata.
` Montagu Test. Brit. p. 222. A T F 4

Halitat in mari, rarior. |
Testa 4 poll. longa, +, lata, “ibe ct a doi apice angustis-

sima, basi dilatior.

Discovered by Mr. Montagu, at Falmouth.

VOLUTA.
Linn. Syst. Nat.. n. 922.

I ota dott Apertura. integra.
tornatilis. is. V. testa coarctata, ovata, substriata: spira elevata, acu-
- TEE E Linn. ayer Nat. p.1187.
n. 394, Linn. Gmel. p. 3487. Si
Lister Conch. t. 835. ft BE oum 63 dos UE
Knorr Vergn. 6. 45:19. fod. e mairi
Schrot. n. Litteral. 3. t. 2. x 12,1 I5.
c Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 11. f. 86.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 101. £. 8. f. 2. T “ovalis.
Martin. Conch. 3: t. 43. f. 442, A3. |
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 41. t. 14. I 2.
... Donovan Brit. Shells, f D7: a
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 231.

d Habitat i in. mari. ae pee
x: i Testa vix magnitudi le | m te colore rubicundo, fasciis 2 albis; striis

- capillaceis numerosis longitudinalibus. ` ura oblonga, parum de-

-

iine

_hiscens, da c Wert Loo A eet
3 idet described as English by Da Cita. he notes it
_ from Devonshire. Found at Weymouth, Dorset; An-
- glesea, North Wales; Torcross, Devon; Llaugharne,
— Caermarthenshire ; and in Scotland. — |
Gmelin refers to the figures of Lister and Martini,
n VOL. VIII. S for

130 Dr. Marow's and Mr. Racxetr’s-

for V. tornatilis; and to the same figures for his F. bifasci-
ata, p. 34306.

eem V. testa ovata; spira elevata, acutiuscula; columella tri-
lata. plicata; labio denticulato.

| Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 2. f. 50; § f. 52. testa junior.

Moniagu Test. Brit. p. 234. —— — Supplem. t. 20. f. 5.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 138. V. triplicata.
_ Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 18 RE

— Habitat in paludibus salinis, juncorum radicibus, algis. adhzrens..
Testa fere 4 poll. longa, vix 1 lata, glabra, colore corneo, ad apicem pur--
purascente. Teste juniores gaudent columella uniplicata, carent-
labio denticulato.

Found in marshes, near Faversham, by. Mr. Boys;
plentifully on the shore between. Plymouth and Dock,
at Darnstaple and Ilfracombe, Devon, near Aberavon,

| S. Wales, and at Southampton, by Mr. Montagu; and.
at Weymouth, by Mr.. Bryer..
d.
alba. . V. testa ovali, spira obtusa, Shee c coarctata.
Walker Test. Min.. Rar. Jd t. |
Adams Microsc. t. 14. f. 27.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. dom
Habitat in mari.

Testa 4; poll. ogi ath; opaca, libra; longitudinaliter striata.
From Sandwich and Sheppy Island.

We have never obtained this species. In Walker's
figure the columella does not appear to be plicated.

spiralis. V. testa conica, anfractu primo ad basin costis trans-
versis spiralibus, versus apicem. longitudinalibus.
Test. Min. Rar. f. 46.
Adams in Act. Soc, Linn. 3. p. 253?

à oe = 5 ~ Montagu

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 131
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 323. t. 12. f. 9. .

Habitat in mari. !
Testa 1 lin. longa, 4 lata, pellucida, glabra, ba. Afris planiusculi ;
suture linea elevata. Apex obtusior. :
First found by Mr. Boys, at Sandwich, and since,
. ‘by Mr. Montagu, in Salcombe Bay, Devon ; rare.
S;
| unidenta- V. testa conica, levi; anfractibus 5 vel 6 depressioribus;
ta. ! columella unidentata. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 324.
-Habitat in mari.
l Testa s poll. longa, crassa, subpellucida, ga alba; " apice da her
|... Seu roseo, obtuso 5 $ apertura subovali. `
Dens et color ham > testam distinguunt a Turbine UA
-Found by Mr. Montagu, on the Pecten mazimus, and
ii zd in Salcombe Bay, Devon; not common.
dicunt testa ‘turrita, anfractibus 5 Bladkcutiffs, longitudi-

ta. naliter costatis; columella denticulata. Montagu
Test. Brit. p. 324. t. 12. f. 10.
Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 66. t. 13. fF 23, BA;

Habitat in mari, rarissima, à
Testa 1 lin. longa, 4 lata, glabra, alba. sapien T BE E
versus suturam papillosis. Apex obtusus. Apertura subovalis.
Found by Mr. Monago t in de "MS Rey
Pen iios: pé |
plicatá.. Ve testa SCHON, or ; aiai vy eca
lis; columella plicata. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 325.
Supplem. t. 21. ^ 2.

- Habitat in mari, rarior. d
Testa 4 poll. longa, glabra, subpellucids, alba. Apex obtusior. Sutura tenuis.
Columella intus plica unica. petens subovalis, ad superiorem pev
coarctata.
Testa tenuior quam y. eni. facie Helicis polite, sed sbie e
columella plicata distinguenda, oe ) | |
= s 2 | z — «Found

132: E $ Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckETT's

Found by Mr. Montagu, in- sand, from Salcombe
_ Bay, Devon; but rare.

yes!

, ambigua. Ve testa lavi, acuminata ; is mS 6 vel 7 depres-

— siusculis ; columella leviter plicata; apertura sub-

- orbiculañ. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 323.. Supplem.
.t.21.f. 4. Turbo pallies er EE

— Habitat | in mari, rarissima. |

Testa plus quam 4 poll. longa, Pes lu, alba; sutura oo Ünbilicus
fit ex labio interiore super columellam revoluto. (JMontagu.)

- Found by Mr. Montagu, in Salcombe Day, Devon.

9. * * Ovatte, seu obovate: ; effuse, emarginate. |
Bast V. testa integra, oblongo-ovata, spira obtusa; columella
quadriplicata. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1189. n. 405, v
Gmel. p. 3444.
qu Lister Conch. t. 114. f. 10. a.
“=.” Adans Seneg. 1.5, 9-8. 70s
: . Da Costa Brit. Conch. X 2. Fa T
— — Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. P 355.
eaincycler Method. t. 884. f.4. 9.
— Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 66. Bulla pallida.
{Montage Test. Brit. p. 232. -

Habitat in mari. > è
Testa cylindrica, glaberrima, solida, ditididissima. Spira convexo-conica,
mucronata, levigata, obsoletior. . Columella postice quadriplicata.

= Labium exterius leve, crassiusculum, minus, hians in medio. (Linn. ;
` ee Mus : Lud. Ur. p.. 558.. „Bulla dem

*

The late. Mr. Adams mentions it Ca pré "ind at Te T
and on this genti eman’s authority puc) admitted

n itasa British species. - os
s 10. catenata,

- -

10.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 135

catenata. V. testa ovata, glaberrima ; spira retusa; columella qua-

11.
levis.

1.

Perdix.

driplicata.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 296. t. 6. pee

Habitat in mari.
Testa 4 poll. longa, subpellucida, alba, cingulis quatuor opacis, albis, ru-
bro-punctatis. Labrum non marginatum, crassum.

À new and elegant species, discovered by Mr. Swain-
son in St. Austle Day, near Fowey, Cornwall; it is said
to be found off the Lizard, and at Penzance.

V. testa levissima ; spira obtusa; columella biplicata ;
labro gibbo, subdenticulato. Donovan Brit. Shells,

A

t. 16550

- Montagu Test. Brit. p- 203. t. 6. Í. t Cypræa voluta.

Habitat in mari.
Testa vix 4 poll. longa, crassa, glaberrima, viridescens vel albida, subtus
interdum pallide rosacea. Columella leviter plicata.

This species has somewhat of the habit of a Cypr«a,
but is linked to the genus Voluta by its plicated colu-
mella. Mr. Montagu first described and figured it as
British; he found it in Salcombe -Day, Devon. Mr.
Donovan has since ee figures of i it from the ZIP.
cabinet. - astu

E BUCCINUM.
— Linn. Syst. Nat. ne 399.

B. testa Re ‘inflata, sulabicata, alboque undulata;
| apertura edentula. Linn. Syst. Nat. Pe 1197. n. 440.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3470. — |
Bonann. Recr. 3. t. 191.. Mus. Es. f. 189;
^5 aster

134

Dr. Maton’ s and ar Racxkrr1's

Lister Pod t. 084. f. 43.

Rumph. Mus. t. 27. f. C.

Gual. Test. 1. 9A. fT
Argenv. Gonch. t. 17. f. A.
Adans. Seneg. t. 7. f. 5.
Seb. Mus. 3. t. 68. f. 16.
Mus. Gottwald. t. 27. f. 1, 2.

: Knorr Vergn. 3. t. 8. f. 1.

Martin. Conch. 3. t. 117. f. 1078, 1079.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 41. t. 15. 5 14.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 244. t. 8. f. 5.

-Haliiat in mari.

Testa ovata, fragilis; sulcis lzevibus superficialibus. Color livido-griseus,
lineis undulatis, albis, longitudinalibus. Spire anfractus totius teste

. $ad 6. Aperturalunari-patula. Labium exterius tenue, subrepan-

.dum, non reflexum,Zzterius membranaceum, dimidiato antice adnatum.

Umlilicus ubi labium interius abrumpitur. Basis emarginata, non

vero reflexa. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 600.)
Specimens of the size of a hazle-nut have been dredg-

| ed = at era = Dr. yag and Mr. Her

Ai e c
bilinea-
tum.

B. testa ovata, laevi; in i M serie duplici
tuberculorum.

Lister Conch. t. 998. f. 63.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. App. t. 19. fig. inf.

Testa junior.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3476.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. Al. t. A $^ 8. B.porcatum.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 244. |
; Testa

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 135

Testa albida, fasciis 2, 3, vel 4 maculosis, brunneis, cincta. Apertura am- -
pla, subovalis. Spira prominula. Labrum leviter dentatum.

This species is admitted into our catalogue on the
testimony of Pennant, who says it was found at Wey-
mouth; but we have not been able to ascertain it: as.
British by any other authority. |

, Exotic specimens size of an egg. (Dr. Pulteney.).

olo a e

3.
hepati- B. testa ovato-oblonga, subplicata; spira acuta, elevata; :

cum. labio interiore rugoso..

Lister Conch. t. 975. f. 50.. |
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 41. t. 15: f. 13..
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 243. t. 8. f. 1.. |
Habitat in mari.

. Testa 1 poll. longa, $ lata, colore hepatico, fascia alba. -Anfractus papil-

loso-coronati. Labium exterius plicatum, Columellæ pars anterior
| plica una manifesta. -Cauda striata.

First described by Dr. Pulteney, who says it is found
| in Purbeck, and at Weymouth, Dorset ; but rarely.

a IH
Lapillus. .D. testa ovata, acuta, striata, levi; columella planiuscu- -
à da, Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2101. PES Nat. p. 1902. .
l DIT oe 467. Linn. Gmel. p. 3484. s T UON
| Cole in Act. Angl. 1684. — Hee boe

— Anim. Angl. t.3. f. 5, 6.

Lister Conch. t. 965. f: 18; 19.

Petiver Gaz. t.18. 35. |

Linn. Wgoth. Resa. 170.

Adans. Seneg. t. 7. f. 4. —

E Knorr Vergn. 6. t. 99. f. 4...

F => — — Martini Conch. 3. t. 121. £i 1111, 1112.

É Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 72. f. 89.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 195. t. 7. f. 1, 2, 3, 4. 9. 12.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. À1. t. 15. f. 1, 2, 3, 4. 9. 12.
| Donovan

136 ce DF Maron’ S d: Mr. RACKETT’S

$ Baw Brit. Shells, FE
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 239.

Habitat, frequentissima, in mari.

Testa 1 vel 2 poll. longa, albida, flavicans; interdum colore flavo vel casta-
neo, fasciata, crassa, rudis, striis membranaceis, longitudinalibus, (inter-
dum absque striis). Apertura ovalis. Labrum interius subdentatum.

lineatum. B. testa oblonga, spira acuta pyramidali. |
Martini Conch. 4.f- 1188, 1189? |
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 130. t. 8. f. 5... — A
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 41. t. 14. f. 5. ui
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 15. : 4
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 245.
Habitat in mari, fucis adherens.

Testa magnitudine seminis tritici, vel puni major, levis, subalbida,
lineis fuscis spiralibus. Apertura ovalis. |

First noticed as British by Da Costa, who received
dt from Cornwall and Devonshire. Dr Pulteney and
— Mr ‘Montagu have found it on ‘the coast. of Dorset,
between Weymouth and Portland. - : Á
pe .. Not B. lineatum, of Gmelin, ud e : 3 T i
glaciale. B. testa lævi, su bstriata, Brats obion : anfractu in-
fimo subcarinato. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2162.. Syst.
Nat. p. 1204. n. 474. Linn. Gmel. p. 3491.
Muller. Zool. Dan. Prodr. 2942. ; Jani
Oth. Fabric. Fn. Grenl. p. 897. n. S97. -
Schrót. n. Litterat. 3. p. 270. t. 3. f. 20, 21.
| Chem. Berl. Naturf. 6.1.6. f. 4, 5. 3 5
Chemn. Conch. 10. t. 152. Fe oie Mo
Donovan Brit. Cran a 154. ?
.Habitatin mad. eni a en e?
Testa crassa, E extimi pests pollicis pallida, secundum an-

fractus obsolete : striata, acuminata, superne conica. - Anfractus infimus.
seu

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 1387

seu maximus, subcarinatus est, sed hæc carina in reliquis superioribus
anfractibus evanescit, cum sutura anfractuum evadat que attenuata.
Basis gibba, emarginata, Apertura ovata. Labium exterius crassum,
patulum, striis incumbentibus. ( Linn.)

Discovered by Mr. Agnew among the Orkney Islands.
T.

undatum. B. testa oblonga, rudi, transversim striata, anfractibus
curvato-multangulis. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2163.
Syst. Nat. p. 1904. n. 475. Linn. Gmel. p. 3492.
Lister Conch. t. 962. f. 14. —— Anim. Angl. t. 3. f. 2.
Seb. Mus..3. t. 39. f. 16—80.
Knorr Vergn. 4. t. 19. f. 1. :
Martini Conch. 4. t. 196. f. 1206—1209.
Olafs Isl. t. 10. f. 1. |
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 13. f. 9. B. vulgare.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 122. t. 6. f. 6.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 42. t. 17. f. 6.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 231.*
B Lister Anim. Angl. t. 3. f. 3. Conch. t. 962. f. 15.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 74. f. 91. B. striatum.

Habitat, vulgaris, in mari.
. Testa ad 5 pollices longa, crassa, sub epidermide flavicante, rufescente-alba..
_Anfractus costis numerosis obsoletis decussatim striatis.
Varietas 6 absque costis.

reticula- B. testa ovato-oblonga, transversim striata, longitudina-
tum. liter rugosa, apertura dentata. Linn. E Nat. p. 1204.
4. 476. Linn. Gmel. p. 3495.
pre Conch. t. 966. f. 21. bene.
- Petiver Gaz. t. 75. f. 4.
Gualt. Test. t. 44. f. C.
Adans. Seneg. t. 8. f. 9.
Martini Conch. 4. t. 124. f.1162—1164. et var. t1163, 1166.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. ag f. 92. & f. 88.
VOL. VIII. | Da

198 ^o Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RackrrT's

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 131. t. q..f. 10.

Schrót. Eint. in Conch. 1. t: 2. f. 5.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 42. t. 15. f. 10. | 4 b
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 70. : ux
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 240. |
Habitat, frequens, in mari. -

Testa 1 vel 14 poll. longa, $ la, rarene nn, longitudinaliter
costata, maculis tuberculatis. Variat et magnitudine et colore.
Varietas 6 fusca, fauce purpurea, costis latioribus, dentibus obsoletis.

aA

dab AUN. B. testa subpyramidali, transversim striata, longitudi-
t. å. f. 5. naliter lineato-costata, labro tenuiore.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. À2. t.18. f. 19.
Montagu Test. Brit. p- 242. t. 9. J 7

Habitat in«mari.

Testa 4 poll. Was £f lata, oin affinjs i tenuior. Color ochraceus.
Aferi distinctiores, subangulati. -

- Found by Mr. ak between Weymouth and Port-
x On eo EN e nugis 4 = Me e ree ;
Macula. B. testa UP anirem. striata, abro incrassato.
4.4. f. À. Act. Nidr. À. p. 369. t. 16. J 25.. Mesias Baus ct
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 79. fs- sinistra inferiore interiore.
(8. minutum.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 241. t. 8. f. 4. D.
—. Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 15. f. 8. E
Habitat in mari. ew sn
Testa 4 poll. longa, 4 ji; t crassa, rugosa, omnibus’ facile coloribus varia.

— Anfractus cancellati, costis tumidioribus longitudinalibus. Labrum

interius denticulatum, exterius. macula Fusco. parporess Apex pur-
purascens.

First distinguisked as a | Brit shell by Pennant.
Found at Falmouth, Cornwall ; and on the Dorsetshire
and Devonshire coasts, by Mr. Montagu. —

11. cinctum.

Descriptive Catalogue of the Dritish Testacea. 139.

i —

1k | |
cinclum. B. testa conica, costis numerosis, apice acuto.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 246. t. 15. f. 1.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 14. f. 17.
. Habitat in mari.
Testa + poll. longa, alba, linea unica rufescente-brunnea spirali. 4nfrac-

| tus inter costas numerosas obsolete transversim-striati. Apertura
* . coarctata.

L2

; Found only by Mr. Bryer, near Weymouth ; rare.
12.

| minimum. B. testa acuminata, costis eminentibus, striis transversis.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 247. t. 8. f. 2.

Donovan Brit. EN t. 179. f- 2. B. brunneum.

; Habitat i in mari. . — ^ |
Testa -3, poll. longa, crassa, volore castaneo. Anfractus 5 5, costis et stris
quasi decussati,

Found. by Mr. Montagu, in abundance, on the S.
coast of Devon. Mr. Donovan notes it from Cornwall.

13. ,
terrestre. D. testa subulata, levi, anfractuum suturis manifestis,

obliquis. Ae d
Gualt. Test. t. 6. f. B. B.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 2. f. 60...
Schrot. Flussconch. t. 8. f. 6. a. b.

eg MACKEN. p SABE OE TE AS
. Muller Verm. p. 150. n. 340. undo
z | Montagu Test. Brit. p. 248. t. 8. * 3.
ELE Habitat i in ericetis, radicibus ¢ | graminut dee adhærens.

Testa. minuta, + poll. longa, alba, ‘pellucida, glabra. _Anfractus sex, tu-
midiusculi, obliqui, Apex obtusior.

Found first by Mr. Boys, in Faversham Creek, Kent.
| It has been noticed also by Mr. Montagu, on Barham
| Downs, i in the same county, upon the roots of grass
l hae A i T 2 and

140 i Dr. Maton’s.and Mr. RACRETTS —

and under moss. Mr. Sowerby has found it at Batter-
sea, Surrey.

We have never met with the following species, nor
are we able to add any thing to the discoverer's very

*

brief and imperfect. descriptions. oT: |

14. — E : A

obtusu- B. testa Ventiicoin: arifiactibus, tribus, apertura ovali. :
lum. Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 3. f- 89- ` |

Adams Micr. t. 14. f. 25. CURE | : X

Testa opaca alba. VC TO UR A

From Faversham Creek ; rare.

15.
breve. B. testa quinque anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis,

transversim striatis.
Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 8. t. 13. Sf. 34.
Color albus, mein. Cauda. beris.

16.
minutum. B. testa anfractibus tribus longitudinaliter costatis.

Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. t. 5m T wen

A _ Color albus, opacus.
An distincta a precedente? `

17. À |
leve. .B. testa levi, tribus anfractibus, cauda elongata. Adams
in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. t. 13. f. 7, 8.

18.
| obtusissi- B. testa levi, anfractibus tribus, apertura coarctata,cauda

mum. elongata. Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. t. 13. f. 9, 10.

"The two last appear by the figures. to. be shells that
‘have not attained their full. growth.

D

STROMBUS.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 1à1

-

STROMBUS.
t | uy Linus Syst. Nat. n. 324.
: Co dato
| : Pes Pele- S. testa, abro tetra-dactylo palmato digitis angulato,
Ea cani. faucelevi. Linn. Faund Suecica, n. 2164. Syst. Nat.
gp. 1201. n. 490... Linn, Gmel. p. 3507..
'Bonanis Recr. 3. n. 85, 87.

Lister Conch. t. 865. f. 20.; t. 866. f. 21.; br 1059. f.5.
Petiver Gaz. t. 79. f. 6.
Gualt. Test. t. 53. G a A. B.C.
Argen. Conch. t. 14. f. M. s
»n5 Mut. Güttwald. f. 130.a-b. ^ 2:01. 4S
Knorr Vergn. 3. t. f. de:
Martini Conch. Sa t. 85. f. 849, 850. :
Murray in Amen. Acad. tA, J- 21. de
Pennant Brit: Zool: t. 75. f 94. |
Da Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 136. Ae Bes f Aporrhais. qua-

drifidus. .
Pulteney in. Hutch. Dorsch; A 42, t 15. 2 de. 2:
Donovan Brit.. Shells, t. 4. xo d: n í
Montagu Tes Brit. p. 233. eue |
Habitat in mari. — — Turon pisa. SE

Testa vix 2 poll. — crassa, nes RRS callidi, aut idisse.

~ "anfractus inferior cingulis. 2'vel 3 nodosis, ir in carinam labri desinen-

© tibus Anfractus diro rini: nodosis simplicibus circumdati,

o striatis , longa. Labrum Eun, tetradactylum,

digitis patentissimis, angulatis, : acutis, mediocribus, primo et ultimo:
adnato. Cauda producta sinistrorsum versus. (Linn.)

Inhabits the British and Irish coasts. (Da Costa.)
| x "a

e 2. costatus:

142

£.

Dr. Maros's and Mr. RackzTT's

costatus. S. testa subulata, labro rotundato.

Qu

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 118. t. 8. f. 14.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 42. t. 14. f. 14.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 94. em

` Montagu Test. Brit. p- 255.

Habitat in mari. -
Testa 4 poll. longa, turrita, colore castaneo. BO acutissima, Anfractus
rotundati, costis numerosis elevatis. longitudinalibus ; anfractuum su-
_ ture eminentes. Labrum ampliatum. Cauda nulla.

“First noticed by Da Costa, from Cornwall. It has

been found on the sands of the Dorsetshire coast, by
Dr. Pulteney; and on Milton Sands, Devon, but Tare,
by Mr. Montagu.

MUREX. |
Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 525.

* Frondosus: suturis crispato-frondescentibus, cauda abbreviata.

Erinace- M. testa multifariam subfrondoso- spinosa, spire an-

s.

fractibus retuso-coronatis, cauda abbreviata. Linn.
| Syst. Nat. p. 1216. n. 526. Linn. Gmel. p. 3530.
Gualt. Test. t. 49. H.
Martini Conch. 3. t. 110. f. 1026—1028. -
Seb. Mus. 3. t. 49. f. 78, 79.

"Born Mus. t. 11. f. 3, À. bens.

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 16. f. 95.

apiid Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 132. t. 8. f. T. Buce. porcatum.
"Re Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. p. 43. t. 14. “hs 4 |

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 35.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 259.
Habitat in mari, frequens. —

Testa p ene nucis aliti rugosa, close lutescente-
: =x- brunneo,

i "e

is ON

Descriptice Catalogue of the British Testacea. 148

brunneo, vel albo; interdum ferrugineo marmorata. Anfractus suturis
varicosis, inter varices carinati, costis elevatis, alternis minoribus.
Apertura ovalis, . Cauda. henienn T

s. Caudigeri s Sends finite tem Re. donde: testa inermi.

9.
gn acilis.

M. testa turrita, anfractibus eostetis decussato-striatis,.
suturis planis.

Montagu Test. Brit. p.-267. t. 15. f. 5. & p. 586.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 169. f. 9. M. emarginatus.

. Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. 1.14. f. 18.

Habitat in mari, rarissima..

E Testa & poll. Jonga,. t lata, flavescens, suturis pallide ferrugineis. Anfrac-

tus 9 vel 10, costis 11 vel 12 convexis. Suture spiraliter striate.
“Apertura coarctata.. Cauda longiuscula, adscendens. -

A new and beautiful species, discovered by Mr.
Montagu on the sands of Biddeford Bay, Devon. Mr.

. Donovan notes it from the Western’ coast. Mr. Bryer
. found live specimens, by dredging in the west bay of

m

Porte.

attenua- M. testa ESL spire anfractibus. minime promi-

tus.

nentibus; costis novem pauidistenbens, manifestis.

Montagu Tests Brit. p. 266. t. 9. f. 6.

Habitat in mari.
Testa:} poll. Jonga; E m flavescente-alba, Anpectas octo in apicem:

tata, desinens in canalem longiusculum.. oe

A new and. cies, Jeco zu Mr. goatee

PRE dro Eren harbour; and at Biddeford,
5 m

As x |
Nebula.

M. desta turrita, abiit bus eto costatis, subtilissime

— reticulatis, cauda obliqua.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 267. t: 15. f. 6:
Pulteney

144 -= Dr. Marow's and Mr. RackzrT's
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 14. f 16.

Habitat in mari.

Testa 4 poll. longa, nunc faveeceds; nunc purpurascens, vel carnaria, striis
albis reticulata. -dnfractus plani. Suturæ manifeste. Coste 10 vel
- 1 1 depressiuscule, quibus distinguitur a M. costato.

Discovered by Mr. Montagu, at Falmouth. Found
sparingly on the Western const and. on the coast of

. South W ales.
9.
costatus. M. testa oblonga, solicaudata, c costis elevatis oradi

nalibus. | :

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. (9. in angulo superiore sinistro.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 128. t. 8. f. 4. B. costatum.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 43. t. 14. J 4.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t-91.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 265.

Habitat in mari. —

Testa vix 4 poll. longa, colore castaneo vel purpurascente-brunneo, levis,

interdum glabra absque striis. Apertura oblonga. Cauda fere nulla.

First noticed by Pennant. Found on the Western

coast, and on the sandy shores of Sonnie We E but not

: plentifully. : Gk RP:

septangu- M. testa oblonga, costis septem lohgsteisatibus, con-
daris. tinuis, parum elevatis.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 268. t. 9. f. 5.
basso Brit. Shells, t. 179. fe 4.
. Habitat in mari, rarior.
"Testa 4 poll. longa, leviter purpurascens, glabri sutura anfractuum vix
depressa. Apertura oblongo-ovalis. Cauda brevissima. |
= Discovered at Falmouth, by Mr. Montagu; after-
= wards found at Weymouth, Dorset, =. Mt. Bryer.
7 :
Tibra M. testa aminta transversim dibidta;: anfractibus
costatis, angulatis. aorta Test. Bein pith. t. 9. f-1.

` Donovan

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 145

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 156. M. angulatus.

| Pulteney in Hutch: Dorset. t. 14. fd
Habitat in mari.

Testa i poll. longa, +. lata, alba, glabra, apice acuto. "anfractus septem,

First discovered near Sandwich, Kent, by Mr. Boys.
Found at Biddeford Bay, Devon; at Tenby and Llau-

_ gharne, S. Wales; at Brighton; and at Weymouth.
bes.

rufus. M. testa acuminata, anfractibus costatis; costis nume-
rosis, transversim striatis. _
Montagu Test. Brit. P gs
. Halitat in mari.

Testà 35; poll. longa, 4 lata, purpurascens, OET A vel coloris

castanei. -Anfractus costis 15 vel 16. Apertura s oblonga.
Cauda brevis.

. Found, with the last, at Sandwich, Kent; on the De-
-von and Dorset coasts ; and on the coast of Wales.
ee M. testa acuminata, anfractibus sex costatis, delicatis-
sime transversim striatis, cauda brevissima, labro
antice fisso.
Montagu Test. Brit. d 204. t. 9. d 8.
- Habitat in mari. E f
Testa 4. poll. longa, + iud crassa, alba. dirai: minime propsiaebtes,
| costis septem. elevatis striatis, Sutura filiformis. Apertura oblongo-
ovalis. —

A new and rare species, discovered by. Mr. Bryer, at

Weymouth. .
10.
antiquus. M. testa pe mee rw oblonga, anfractibus octo

teretibus. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2165. Syst. Nat.
p. 1222. n. 558. Linn. Gmel. p. 3546.
Lister Conch. t. 913. f. 4. Anim. Angl. t. 3. ES de
Martin. Conch, 4. t. eg f. 1292. § 1294.

AOL. VIII. Pennant

146

Dr. Maron’s and Mr. RACKETT'S

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 78. f. 93. M. despectus.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 120. t. 6. f. 4. Buccinum mag-
num. |
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p.43. t. 17. f.4. M.despectus.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 31. M. despectus.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 257. Me Seer E
Habitat in mari.
Testa interdum 6 poll. eas crassa, valida, sordide alba, neque glabra,
.. intus croceo-rutilans. 4nfractus 7 vel 8 rugosi, numerosissime striati.
Spira producta. Apertura anticé angulata. Labrum interius levissi-
mum, margine acuto, integerrimo. 3

First figured and described by Lister, who received
it from Scarborough, Yorkshire. It has been found
on the coasts of Essex, Yorkshire, Scotland, and Ire-
land, according to Da Costa; on the Dorset coast, but
rarely, by Dr. Pulteney; and at — in Durham,
by the Rev. T. Rackett.

This shell agrees perfectly with Linneus's descrip-
tion. Pennant, and every subsequent writer on British
Conchology, by attending to an erroneous reference to
Lister’s figure, instead of Linnzus's definition of M.
despectus, have given that name to this species. We
have seen specimens of M. despectus from Groenland,

which correspond exactly both with Linnzeus’s descrip-

tion “ lineis duabus elevatis" and with his own figure
in the Iter Westrogothicum ; and they Rnbese to differ
from any British species hitherto noticed.

Since this paper was read, Mr. Donovan has correct-
ed his description of this. species, and has also given a

| good figure of M. despectus, (t. 180.); though, as he ac-

knowledges, on too slight authority € to be inserted as
British. es

| HW carinatus.

emt

11.

— Donovan .

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 147

i déifbus, A i
ja Brit. Zool. 4. t. 4. p. 123.
it. Shells, t. 109. —
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 257.
Habitat in mari.

Testa 4 poll. longa, sordide alba, Anfractus versus suturam. He non
rotundati ut in M. despecto et antiquo ; primus carinis 4 vel 5.

First figured by Pennant from the Duchess of Port-

- land's cabinet.

The specimen from which we have formed the above

and characters, and which is unique, is nearly allied to Lin-
i mieus's s M. despectus, but appears to be a quunt species.

subanti-.

-

quatus. `

M. testa patulo-subcaudata, anfractibus orto tuber-
_culato-carinatis. . t

; Fine Conch. t, 1051. f. Pai

Martini Conch. 4. t. 138. f. 1993.
Pennant Brit. Zool. n. 97. M. antiquus.

~ Donovan Brit. Shells, &. t. 119. M. antiquus.

Montagu Test. Brit. s: 35T- Me Aquam; doli

ice gD ob inn montis hi |
ne Leone GEBEN GUB S ERES disci id Anfractus

transversaliter lineato-striati, interdum costis obliquis irregularibus

l in tubercula decurrentibus.

| as British by. Pinseti and first figured

BE: as such by Mr. Donovan ; found on the Scottish coast.
13. 5

SEES acids
M. testa. oblonga, Tdi gnfractaum marginibus com-
. planatis, apice tuberculoso, apertura edentula, cauda
_adscendente. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1224. n. 565. Linn.
Gmel. p. 3552.

"Lukr CRL 913. f 5- —— Anim. Ang RI J E

v2 Gualt.

148

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT’S

It. Weoth. t. 5. f. 6. fossilis.

Martini Conch. 4. t. 143. f. 1337 ?

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 76. f. 99.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 124. t. 6. f. 5. Bucc. gracile.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 43, t. 17. f. 5.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 38. E

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 258.

15

Habitat in pelago.

Testa vix magnitudine digiti, laevis sed non glabra, alba, sub epidermide
cornea, Anfractus teretiores, striis levibus numerosis. Spira pro-
ductior. Apertura postice angulata. Cauda parum adscendens.

First noticed by Lister, from Scarborough, York-
shire. Da Costa notes it from various parts of the
kingdom; not uncommon on the Dorset coast (Dr. Pul-
teney), and on the shores of South Devon (Mr. Montagu).

M. testa acuminata, rugosa; anfractibus rotundatis, cos-
tatis, linpntocettiaue- eg Test; Brit. p. 261. 1. 9.
f. 4. |

Donovan Brit. Shells, t a f $. e elegans.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa vix 4 poll. longa, 4 lata, pallid’ pronis striis transversis, filifor-
mibus, purpurascente-brunneis, costis 9 vel 10. Labrum incrassatum,
intus crenatum. Spira acuta, producta, in testis senioribus purpuras-
cens. Cauda productiüscula.

A new species, discovered by Mr. Montagu, in sand
from Falmouth harbour, and in Salcombe Bay, Devon-

shire ; found also by Miss Pocock, in Cornwall.

purpureus. M. testa base caudata ; anfractibus teretibus can-

cellatis.

. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 260. t. 9. f. 3.
Habitat in mari.

Testa

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 149

| Testa. 4 poll. longa, 4 lata, rugosa, purpurea, maculis albis. Anfractus cos-
i tis 19 vel 20 obliquis, striis numerosis elevatis acutis cancellati, Color
intus purpureus. Margo albus, crenatus.

| A new, elegant, and rare species, first described and
| figured by Mr. Montagu, from Salcombe Bay, Devon.

16.
muricatus. M. testa oblonga, rugosa, anfractibus ventricosis, cos-
tis longitudinalibus et striis elevatis tuberculatis.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 262. t. 9. f. 2.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa 4 poll. longa, 4 lata, carneo-alba vel viridescens, sub epidermide
rubicunda. Labrum acutum, dentatum, intus crenulatum, Apex gla-
ber, acutus. Cauda recta, producta, ——

'This species also was first discovered by Mr. Mon-
tagu, in Salcombe Bay, Devon.
1T.
Bamffius. M. testa ventricosa, alba; costis longitudinalibus acutis,
plicatis. Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 169. f. 1.

Habitat in mari, rarissima.

Testa interdum 1 poll. longa, + lata.

Found by Mr. Cordiner on the coast of Bamffshire,

N. Britain. ;

18.
minutissi- M. quinque anfractibus spiraliter striatis, costis remotis,
mus. canali clauso. Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. - 68.
Habitat in mari. x
| Testa elegans pellucida. (4dams.) =- = — = ^ 1 —
. i Found at Pembroke, by Med Adams.

19 Toriti: sululuti, dena brevissite.
fuscatus. M. testa turrita, anfractibus stria superiore denticulata.
t.4.f.6. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1925. n. 573. Linn. Gmel. p. 3562.
Lister Conch. t. 121. f. 17?
Petiver Gaz. t. 5. f. 5?
Gualt.

150

20.

- Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Racxett’s
Gualt. Test. t. 56. f. H.

D'Argeiv. Conch. t. 14. f. &. |
_ Pennant Brit, Zool. t. 82. f. 111*? Turbo tuberculatus.

Chemn. Conch, t. 136. f. 1267, 1268.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 43.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 209. :

Habitat in mari, rarissima.

Testa 14 poll. longa. Spira acutissima. ‘Anfractus striis granulatis, et ver-
sus basin teste spinis subconicis coronati. Apertura pyriformis.
Cauda brevis, rectiuscula.

Found at Weymouth, Dorset, after a violent storm,
by Mr. Bryer.

Dr. Pulteney, in his Dorsetshire Catalogue, imagines
the Turbo tuberculatus of Pennant to be a depaupe-
rated variety of this species. —

reticulatus. M. testa turrita, tuberculato-reticulata.

Borlase Cornw. p. 211.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 117. t. 8. f. 13.. Strombiformis
i reticulatus. - dies

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. AS. t 14. i 13.
Habitat in mari.
Testa magnitudine avene, subfusca, crassa. prod ovalis, minima.
Cauda vix conspicua.
First figured by Da Costa. Common on the Corn-
ish coast. Found also in Devonshire, Dorsetshire, Kent,
and S. Wales.

M. testa turrita ; anfractibus 9 vel 10 tuberculatis, su-

tura obsoletiore. divisis. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 270.

. Habitat in mari,

Testa + poll. longa, coloris « castanei. ‘Apertura ovalis, desinens in | canalem

coarctatum. Columella involuta € Testa M. reticulate

Found

229.
adversus.

"ide
Magus.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 151

Found at Sandwich, by Mr. Boys, and sparingly at
the mouth of the Aun, Devonshire, by Mr. Montagu.

M. testa turrita; anfractibus contrariis, serie triplici
tuberculorum cinctis, media minore.

Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 48.

Adams Microsc. Essays, t. 14. f. 21.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 271.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 159. T. reGdelabeeil
Habitat in mari.

Testa 4 vel 4 poll. longa, pallide brunnea. Anfractus fere coadunati. Testa
. precedenti affinis, sed perversa.

First found by Mr. Boys, and figured As Walker. It
has been discovered also on the Cornish and Devon-
shire coasts.

TROCHUS.
Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 326.

* Umbilicati erecti, perforata columella.

Tr. testa oblique umbilicata, convexa; anfractibus
obtusé nodulosis. Linn. Syst, Nat. Bs: 1228. n. 585.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3507. ERS

Gualt. Test. t. 64. f. C.

- Argenv. Conch. t. 11. f. S.

Seb. Mus. 3. t. 13. f. 13, 14. v^ duc di
Knorr Véran..6. 1. 27. fi 4546 5 Jam oe

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 80. f. 207.5

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 44, t. 3. f. 11. T. taberculatus.
Chemn. Conch. 5. t. 170. f. 1656—1659.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. AA. t. MN Joi 1.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 8. f. 1.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 283.
Habitat

152

2.
cinereus.

3.

lineatus.

Pennant Brit. Zool. n. 106.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckzTT's

Habitat ad littora.

Testa depresso-conica, rubro-nebulosa. Anfractus 4 seu 5, gibbi, supra
longitudinaliter nodosi, obsolete striati. Apertura subrotunda, integra,

intus margaritacea. Umbilicus latere postico sinuatus, (Linn. Mus.
Lud. Ulr. p. 647.)

First figured as British by Peunant. Not uncommon
on most of our shores. ©

Tr. testa. pyramidali, umbilicata, snfrsotibus planis
distinctis... Eak ees

Lister Conch. t. 633. f. 21?
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 42. t. 3. f. 9, 10.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 155. f. 2.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 289.
Habitat ad littora.

Testa magnitudine nucis sedis, coloris cinerei, lineis obliquis pur-

pureo-nigricantibus. _Anfractus striis numerosis, eminentibus. Spira
acutiuscula. Umbilicus patulus,

This species has been described and figured only by
Da Costa, who notes it as common in various maritime
counties. Our description was taken from a specimen
in that authors cabinet, now in the possession of Mr.

Donovan; but we have not been able to ascertain it as
a British shell.

Tr. testa subconica, umbilicata; anfractibus convexius-
culis.

Lister Conch. t. 641. f. 31?

Anim. Angl. t. 3. f. 15?

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 43. t. 2 11, 12.

_ Chemn. Conch. 5. t. 171. f. 1686.

. Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. p. 44. t. 16. fai, 12.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 74. f. sup. et 2 inf.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 284. T. cinerarius.
15 IU : _Halitat

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. dq55

Habitat ad littora.
. Testa diametro 4. poll. subalbida, flavescens vel cinerascens, lineis obliquis

parallelis brunneis, AÆnfractus striis obsoletioribus, Spira obtusior.
Umblilicus minus patulus. ©

. Notwithstanding the figure in Chommit. referred to
by Gmelin for Tr. cinerarius of Linnæus, resembles our
shell, we cannot suppose it to be that species, as it does
not sufficiently agree with the description in the Systema
Nature of “ Anfractibus rotundatis," or the more detailed
characters given by Otho Sapa in his Fauna Groen-
landica.

A. f i i
umbilica- T. testa Mtabilicáta, pui ; anfractibus contiguis
tus. Lister Conch. t. 641. f. 32?
: ` Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 80. f. 106.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 46. t. 3. f. 7, 8.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 44. t. 16. f. 7, 8.
~ Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 74. fig. med.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 286.
Habitat in mari, ad littora.
Testa magnitudine uvz, albida, fasciis obliquis fale idc Anfractus

i substriati, parum convexi, ita coadunati, ut difficillime diningoendi.
. Spira obtusissima. Umbilicus testam perforat.

Lister’s figure is a doubtful one, though so common
ug shell must have been known to him. à “Pennant i ima-
gind it to be the Tr. umbilicaris, and Dr. Pulteney the
- Tr. cinerarius, of Linnæus; but it will not. agree with
the APPS of eit FE

5.
tumidus. Ts tésta subconica, striata ; anfractibus prominentibus

planis,
Chenn. Conch. 5. t. 171. f 1676?
Linn. Gmel. p. 3574. Tr. patholatus?-
vor. VIIL X . Montagu

154.

6.

fuscus.

T.

-- Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckETT's

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 280. t. 10. f. 4.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 16. f. 9, 10.

Halitat in mari, saxis, testaceis adhaerens.

. Testa 4 poll. longa, paululum latior, cinerascente- flavescente- vel purpu-

rascente-brunnea, lineis fuscis longitudinalibus. -Anfractus spiraliter
striati, plani, versus suturam. mum : prm ad basin. subcarinatus..
Umbilicus minimus.

We have found this species on 1 the coast. of Devon-

Shire. It was first. described and figured by Mr.

Montagu.

T. umbilicatus, quinque anfractibus marginatus ; aper-
tura subrotunda.. Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 58.

Habitat in mari.

"Festa opaca brunnea. An varietas T. tumidi ?

From Sandwich, common. (Walker.)

** Imperforati erecti, umbilico clauso.

crassus. Tr. testa subovata, Deed columella ubidentata.

— Petiver Gaz. t. 36. f. 14?

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p.- 100. t. 6. È x Turbo Eas
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 44. t. 17. f. 3, § gs E
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 11.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 281.
Habitat ad littora.
Testa 1 poll. longa, vix Gadon lata, crassa, rudis, purpureo-cinerea aut

. .exalbida, lituris nigricantibus reticulatim variegata. Anfractus sub-
- convexi, rugis obliquis, sutura inconspicua. Dei vertice carioso..

Umbilicus vix manifestus, interdum nullus..
First noticed and figured by Da Costa, who received
it from various parts of the kingdom, ‘particularly

the Western coast, where it. has Sce since I ound in
abundance: | E

*

8.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 155

papillosus. Tr. testa impera, conica, lincato-punctata, basi

. gibba.
Gualt. TTest. t. 61. f G. M.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 38. t. 3. f. 5, 6.
Chémn. Conch. 5. t. 166. f. 1597, 1598. :
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 44. t. 16. f Sit Tri fragilis.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 127. ;
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 275. t. 10. f. 3. Tr. tenuis.

Habitat ad littora, rarior.

Testa Tr. Zixyphino major, colore rubescente, maculis A ETATE AG
~ Anfractus planiusculi, are, duabus punctatis pant inter-
stincti. Spira acutissima. |

First described by Da Costa, = received it from
Cornwall. Found at Poole and ey mente, Dorset, by
Dr. Pulteney. TP
. There is reason to believe that Da Costa's figure was
taken from a foreign specimen.

Zizyphi- Tr. testa imperforata, conica, livida, levi; anfractibus

nus.

marginatis. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2168. Syst. Nat.
p. 1231. n. 599. Linn. Gmel. p. 3519. |

— Lister Conch. t. 616. f. 1. bene.

Anim. Angl. t. 3. f. 14. bene.

Gualt. Test. t. 61. f. C.

D'Argenv. Conch. t. 8. f. N? ` |
Knorr Vergn. 3. t. 14. f. 2; § 6. T fib
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 80. f. 103.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 37. t. 3. f. 3, 4.
Chemn. Conch. 5. t. 166. f. 1592, 1593.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 44. t. 16. f. 3, å.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 52.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 274.

x2 Halitat

156

10.

Dr. Maros's and Mr. Racxert’s

Habitat in mari, |

Testa 1 poll.longa, et fere totidem lata, exacte conica, striata, stris 10 pur-
purascentibus cavis; totidemque alternis pallidis ex serie concatenata
punctorum. Anfractus novem, ambitu marginati, arctissime coadu-
natis ut vix queant a ae Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 650.)

eaiguus. Tr. testa imperforata, conica, striata; anfractibus crena-

to-lineatis.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 40. t. 2. f. å. Tr. Conulus.
Maton's Western Counties, 1. p. 216.

m Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 44. t. 91. f. A.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 8. f. 2. Tr. Conulus.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 211.

- Habitat ad littora, rarior.

11.
erythro-
leucos.

Chemn. Conch. 5. t. 161. J. 1529. a. b.

Testa 2 poll. longa, + lata, purpurea vel cinerascente-brunnea, Anfractus
sex, oblique striati, lineis 4 vel 5 crenatis spiraliter cincti. Suture ru-
bre, latiores, striis obliquis. Apex acutus, rubicundus.

. First figured and described by Da Costa, who notices
it from the coasts of Devonshire and Sussex. It was
found by Dr. Pulteney on the Dorset coast; by Dr.
Maton at Treryn Cove, Cornwall, and at Weymouth.

This shell differs materially from Linnzus’s descrip-
tion of Tr. Conulus, for which it has been mistaken, but
which is described as smooth, and much resembling -
Tr. Zizyphinus. |

Tr. Mice imperforata, conica, ines transversaliter stri-
; anfractibus contiguis. ai
iem Cath. t. 616. f. 2.

Pennant Brit. Zool. n. 105? T. exasperatus.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 41. Tr. parvus.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 157

Linn. Gmel. p. 3581.
~ Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. t. 65. T. parvus ?
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 44. t. 18. f. 2.
| - Montagu Test. Brit. p. 278. Tr. striatus. -
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 155. f. 1. Tr. conicus.

Halitat in mari.
Testa 3. poll. longa, satis crassa, albo rubroque undatim depieta. Anfrace ©
tus striis crebris transversis et obliquis cancellati, Spira productior.

| d First described by Da Costa. Dr. Pulteney and Dr,
Maton found it at Weymouth. It has been seen also

on the coast of piede ru
12.
terrestris. Tr. testa conica, striata, basi flano!

Lister Conch. t. 61. f. 58. — Anim. Angl. App. t. 3. f. 12.
Petiver Gaz. t. 22. f. 10?
Morton Northampt. p. 416.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 80. f. 108. -
; Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 35.
Favanne Conch. t. 64. f. O. 1—3.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 111.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 287.

Habitat in montosis, rarissimus.
- Testa diametro vix 4 poll. tenera, subflava, vr ian suturis marginatis,

- Found by Hudson on the mountains of Cumberland;
perc probably first noticed by Morton in his History
of Northamptonshire.

-It is said not to differ from the land Trochus found at
Mereelien and figured by Lister and Petiver.

158 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RackzTTs

TURBO.
Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 32T.

E * Neritoidei: aperture margine columnari plano, imperforato.
jugosus. T. testa subovata, ventricosiore; anfractibus sulcatis.
tå. f 7. Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 45. t. 19. f. 1. T.obtusatus.
- Montagu Test. Brit. p. ins Supplem. t.-20. f. 2.
.Habitatin mar. —
Testa diametro 3 poll., ducet fave sa files; T viridescens, vel

. purpurea, sulcis albis- Anfractus primus sulcis 10—16. Spira prominula.
Apex acutiusculus.

Discovered by Mr. Knight in the Isle of Purbeck,
Dorset. It has also been : found at St. Ives, Cornwall,

by Mr. Gibbs. -

2.
littoreus. T. testa subovata, acuta, striata, margine columnari-
t.4.f.8, plano. Linn. Fauna Suec. n. 2169. Syst. Nat. p. 1232. -
9,10,11.. m. 607. Linn. Gmel. p. 3588. | i
© Lister Conch. t. 585. x A3. — — Anim. Argh t. 9. f. 9.

Petiver Gaz. t. 36. f. 1i Pu Quem.
Gualt. Test. t. 45.47€ 0m
Baster Opusc. Subsec. t. 14. f. is
Hill's Swammerd. 183.
Linn. It. Wgoth. 169. 199. t. 5. f. 4. j
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 81. f. 109. . |
— 7. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 98. t. 6. F i: y
eco Chemn. Conch. 5. t. 185. f. 1852. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8.; 4
ue c 073 a—d.; § Se ABSS. amg
- Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. iy 495. t. 17. vf 1.; & t. 19. |
t eee a
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. : 33. 3. f 1, 9.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 301.
Habitat in mari, ad littora, frequentissima.

Testa

3.

4.
erassior.

Testa + poll. . longa, 4 + fiis, à cok

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 159

Testa ad 1 poll. longa. Teste seniores utplurimum leaves, brunnes ; ju-
niores vel parvze, striate, interdum sulcate, nunc brunnez fasciis albis,
nunc fuscz lineis purpureis, nunc flavae vel fulve, et sepius fasciis
sordide czruleis, nunc viridescentes maculis albis.

rudis. T. testa subovata, obtusiore ; anfractibus ventricosis.
. (4. f.12,13. Chemn. Conch. 5. t. 185. f. 1853.

Maton’s Western Counties, vol. 1. p. 277.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 33. f. 3.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 304.
Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset, t. 28. f. 6.

. Habitat in mari, ad littora,

Testa diametro 3 poll., exalbido-i flavescens, branes d viridescens. An-

fractus interdum leviter striati.
Distinguitur a T. littoreo, quod anfractus teretiores, sutura a magis conspicua,
animal flavescens. _

First distinguished by Dr. Maton, who found it on
the banks of the Tamar, Devonshire, and in Dorset-
shire: found also at Whitstable, Kent, by Mr. Henry
Boys; and in emi ce e by Mr. M‘Leay.

T. testa conica, rudi, longitudinaliter striata ; anfractu
primo subcarinato. SE Mee .

. Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 3h.

Supplem. t. 90. Y =

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 309.
T. ^ i

Donovan Brit. Shell t 178 f: A
Habitat i in mari. - ae iue

Ibidi. E rudi affinis sed minor.
Spira productior, acutiuscula. — teretes, levitér striati. -Sutura
profunda. :

First noticed by Mr. Boys, at Kaa bua ou —
the shores of Biddeford Bay, Devon, by Me MM LN

Tak m

bs tenebrosus.

160 - | Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Rac KETTS
hS,
tenebrosus. T. testa eubeonita, oba: anfractu primo ventri-
| cosissimo.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 308. ———— Supplem. t. 20. f. 4.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 18. f. 15.

Halitat in mari, ad rupes.
Testa diametro + poll. picea, intus purpurascente-brunnea. Anfractus 5
ventricasiores, EN ceteros longitudine cere Labrum tenue.

Apex obtusior. -
First noticed by Mr. Montagu, who proposes it as
— distinct from T. littoreus, but not without some doubt.
Found in Kent, and on the Western coast; but not OR
so common as T. littoreus. A x

6.
petreus. T. testa conica, acuta, apertura pyriformi.
-~ Montagu Test. Brit. p. 403.
PU: in Hutch. Dorset. t. 18. f. 13.
Habitat in mari.
gis vix $ poll. longa, $5 lata, purpureo-brunnea. Anfractus 5, minime
(ES , rugis transversis obliteratis, pam pde $ teste lon-
| Seales equans. Faux glabra, purpurea,
Distinguitur a przcedentibus, quod apertura deflexa, magis oblonga, versus
apicem acutior. Farietas albo vel rufo variegata. :
This species was discovered by Mr. Montagu on the.
South coast of Devon; he also found it at Swanwick, |
in the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset. -

T.
Ziczac. T. testa subconica, acutiore, substriata; anfractu primo
#.4.f.14. ad basin carinato.
Lister Conch. t. 583. f. 38.
Chemn. Conch. 5. t. 166. f. B.
. B Chemn. Conch. 5. t. 166. f. 1600. |
Linn. Gmel. p. 3587. Trochus Ticsc; i
esta 1 poll. longa, 4 lata, glabra, alba, erubescens, aut ceerulea, lineis an-
gulatis fuscis picta, €— 5—6 planiusculi, substriati lineis. de-
g (o pressis,

| fe Catalogue of the British Testacea. 161

J pressis. tenuissimis, ` oculo: armato beet seeker Are
Á p r , suborbiculata, versus apicem coarctata..
"Farietas B. minor, alba, lituris fusco-ceruleis marmorata, striis pauciori-
bus. Varietas Anglica 4 poll. longa, plusquam + ‘lata, pulp te
versus apicem alba, : striis paucioribus ( 10—14).

d.n ‘small variety of this species, without the datk zg-
‘vag lines which are found on those: ‘brought from the
West Indies, was discovered by “Lady Wilson, near
Sunderland, in the county “of. Durham. :
8. *
Sulgidus..T. testa: PE PEDEM, ouis bafractibus iiba primo max-
imo; apice minimo, obtuso. iif) s mpa
Adams in Act. Soc. Linno 3.pc 23A \ Nas!
Montagu ra Brit. j r 332. - Hu ni rita

v rg
e

aveli à ‘Habitat i in sin enmt, $ nseomingimynmi pirak
Tod Pitan i linez Vou pellucida, otis albo Fateor plorimum fasciis
variegata. Apertura süborbicolaris, Sera argari
Halitsti in mari. ULE
- Found in séa-sand" at Lanny; near Pembroke, by

Mr. Adams; andin sand ‘from. W hitsand poss ee
oe Mr. ee

iniri: T. testa oblongo-ovata: sri Sem ssatis, punctis emi-
. nentibus. Linn. Syst. Nat. p.
— Gmel. p. 8589.

| Gualt Test. i t. ur. i

.. Donovan Brit. ‘Shells, t. 4 XT
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 315. — | :
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 14. $ 6. 9 299

Habitat i mn mari, rarior... Aut m eee TERS E

u* comi us - erenatüm, - Apex obtusior. E ur
* VOL. VIII. Y. 1 — Nn

162

10.
Pullus.

HE

“Dr. Maron’s and Mr. RACKETT’S ak =

+ First noticed and figured by Da Costa, who received

it from Cornwall; found also on the S. Devon, Dorset,
and Kentish coasts.

T. testa imperforata, ovata, levi; apertura anterius di-
ducta. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1233. n. 610. Linn. Gmel.
PU M Pacta uw |

Borlase Cornz. p. 216. SS

Da Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 103. id 1

‘Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. p. 45. t. 14. gels.

Donovan Brit. ‘Shells, t. Bf. 2—-6.
Montagu. Test. Brit. p. 319.

` Habitat in mari.

Testa magnitudine seminis carthami, levis, glabra, nitida, fasciis maculisve

roseis, purpurascentibus, fuscis, albis, undatim. depicta. Anfractus

_ primus ventricosior. Apex vix acutus, Operculum crassius, convexum,
album, leve. E j

Not uncommon in Chik aiid on the Devonshire
- coast. diua: by Dr. ‘Maton at eek

semicosta-'T. testa. conica, VU Amia" 4 vel 5 Setinditths :

tus.

12.
ruber.

anfractu primo leviter versus apicem stato, ad
basin obsolete transversim striato. |.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 326. Supplem. KSLTS

Halitat in mari, rarissima.

Testa + lin. longa, 4 lata, alba. Spira sine costis. Apex obigins, Columella
rs. Apertura suborbicularis. - Testa Volute spirali affinis, sed an-
fractus magis rotundati, pauciores, majores, et columella sine plica.

Found only by Mr. Montagu on the southern coast
of. Devonshire, ie e

i. anfractibus quinque paljaid Sisi dievibus, ro-
tundatis; sutura tenui 5, apice GEHE peur sub-
. orbiculari,

EN

— ‘Catalogue of the British Testacea. — — 168

i949 Js NN paululum in columellam redexa. Mon-
(oo tagu Test. Brite p. 220,5 i- 2

PUT ag in Act. Soc. Linn. S. 4.18. f 2 — 2
„Habitat in mari. ` io

(5; Testa } poll. longa, C sni vasi An hujus generis?
z Varietas alba, pellucida.

Found by Mr. Adams, at Pembroke; and by Mr.
Montagu i in Whitsand Bay, Cornwall.

It appears impossible. from the figures and descrip-
tions of many of Mr. Adams's shells to ascertain cor-
rectly to what genus. they belong. Never having ob-

. tained a sight of. this or. the. follow

"o

| ving species, we are
„in doubt whether ey ‘should be PERSE, ii the Turbines
or Helices. rubet nde: E deisiir. eel

| 13. |

unifascia-'T. testa. conica, levi; anfractibus. quinque planius-

ius. -® Mey fasciatis. Montagu Test. Brit. r ISR
— Süpplem.- 4. 20. y. 6.. "uc ]
P E in Act. Soc. Linn. 4. p. 9, t1. f. 13, 14.?

Habitat in mari, rarior.
Testa 4 poll. longa, alba, fascia unica purpurascente-brunnea. Anfractus
primus rarius fasciis duabus. Fascice spire juxta. suturam. we
i subovalis. Labrum tenue. ps eka nentes

‘Discovered by Mr. Adams at PaAbroke” Found by
Mr Meer at. Southampton, and on Burrow Island,

nivosus. T testa SER subturrita, anfi gie 5 vel 6 rotunda-
| ^tis, apice o - Vi i mella levi. ' Montagu`Test:;
— Brit. p. 396.- |

Habitat in mari, rarissima.
Testa 1 lin, longa, glabra, alba ; sutura exarata. pe sabovais. |

Testa facie Volutæ inierstinctee, sed caret dente et COS. Luo a
Found by Mr. Montagu, i in sand, on the south east
of Devon. -

x 2 m : 15. labiosus.

s

164 .- Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Rackert’s
15.

labiosus. T. testa subconica, aufractibus planis, plicis numerosis.
Peinant® Brit. Zool. 4. n. 114. t. 79?
lams in Act. Soc. Linn. 5. p. 2. t. 1. fe FHS?

À Puilteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 45. t. 18. f. 16. T. costatus.
TOS 4 Montagu 1 Test. Brit. p. 400. t. ids $ 7 Helix labiosa.

Habitat in mari. m
: rene Pe poll, longa, v vix E, lata, | tenuis, subdi CE im tenerrima
EUM eet! pellucida, cornea; | apice seepius purpurascente. Anfractus 2 vel 3,
2i qiiid sed costis indistinctis 15 vel 16, primus reliquos omnes zequans.
| Apertura ovalis, margine repando. Apex acutus. Varietas sine plicis.

š L4 d

x T Tt is -uncertain whéther this species was known to
^ Pennant or Da Costa. Dr. Pulteney found it on the.
Western coast, cues it is plentiful.

*

BGsst onpetu:

Gie T. iios cei o - Domit: < apertura EG
; Pennant Brit. Zool. 4.:t. 86. f) 120.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 105. - B eset
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. : 49. t. 18. Lfd 1;
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 318. $T WA

Ri see = | AST zi sk er

“Habitat in mari, saxis, fucis pe rci eue -

Testa 4 vel 4 i poll. longa, + lata, opaca, spadicea seu ‘fusca, vix striata. An-
|o fractus primus ventricosior, reliqui minime convexi. "Sutura filiformis.
: ‘Apertura versus apicem acutiuscula. Labium marginatum,

d in harbours and inlets.

igguiton G i97 trepid aa Gyon jd
venfPosus; T. désta. conica, TN deba. sex: teretibus, aper-

[EL tura subovata, margine integerrińmo. Trae
Walker Test. Min. Rar. f- "-— spea voii
7 Adams Microsc. t: 14. f. 15 E91 nue
. Montag gu Test. Brit. p. 317. t I 2 13. gee: :

` "Pulteney ‘in Hutch. Dorset. £. 18. 8. f. 12, i

I
a

5

^

NA. t = Habitat

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 165:

Habitat in mari.
AU _ Testa 4 poll. longa, tenuis, glabra, pellucida, pallide cornea, adherente i ine
cola nigra apparet. Apex : acutior. Operculi um tenue corncum, —
Distinguitur ads Ule, quod cornea, glabra, — temi, anfractus
~ magis rotundati. ES
“First noticed by Mr. Boys, and figured in’ the Test.
Min. Rar. Not uncommon at Folkestone: and Sand-

wich, Kent, and on the Dorset Coast,

18.
subumbili-T. testa conica, subumbilicata, anfractibus tumidis,
. catus. apertura exacte ovali.
Montagu Test. Brit. p- 316. DRE
iov in Hutch. Dorset. t. 18. Pus. tt
Rd es — longa, 4t, lata, levis, subglabra, flavescente-alba. ( Anfractus
ee c 4, 5, primus dimidiam partem testae equans. dtes E i
usd Differt a T. Ulve, quod sæpius minor, ventricosior, subumbilicata, an-
fractus tumidiores, neque apertura L^ nl versus apicem, ut in illa
testa et T. ventroso. Testa pat n [
"or ad basin. ( Montagu.) ig tS
This species was first noticed by Mr. Bryer « at Wey-
mouth.
19.

eee testa conica ; anfractibus. sex , planiusculis, leviter =

id. basii ae utplurimm.
€ «B esborats. Helicibus affinis.

Mound in abundance" at — and Salcomb, ©
Devon, by Mr. Montagu; in the Menai between Caer-
Honen 1 and e ede Aas — by Mr. Donovan.

ANM o Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckrTT'S __ :

É 90. à :
_anterrup=- + testa acumihato-conica ; anfractibus depressioribus,

tus. lituris interruptis.
„Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 5. p. 3. t. 1. f. 16, 17.
— Montagu T. est. Brit. p. 329. Supplem. £. 20. f. 8.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 178. f. 2.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

| Testa + poll. longa, plusquam ~y lata, pellucida, levis, glabra, pallide cor-
nea, vel alba, lituris longitudinalibus ochraceis d a Apertura
'suborbicularis. Margo crassiusculus. |

s

Mr. Adams appears to have first noticéd this species.
It has been found on the coasts of Pembrokeshire and
Devonshire.

c.
mammil- = testa Pru eS iioii: anfractibus striatis
latus. punctis eminentibus, striis aliquot majoribus suban-
3 gulata. Donovun Brit. Shells, t. 173.

Geve Cak t. 16. f. 152. a.
- Chemn. Conch. 5. t. 182. f. 1813, 1814.

Ten Gmel. P 3595. = ca eee
Habitat in mari. OR er
Testa 1 poll. fen balia seu a pallide castanea, striis papillosis, elatioribus,

5 vel 6, minoribus punctatis. — .

Mr. Donovan informs us that this species was picked
up on the Scilly Rocks, and sent to Da Costa. It is
common in the West Indies.

EE ou *** Solidi umbilico perforato.
auricula- T. testa gonica, ts anfractibus valde rotundatis ;

mies

uci jd sc pits « cornea, irae 5
sutura incisi, Apex satis acutus, magis fuscus. Labium reflexum,
medio angulatum, Umlilicus coarctatus, (Montagu.) —
Testa Helici fossarice affinis, ^ maritima. Differt pues apertura.

Discovered

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. : 167
Discovered by Mr. ees ane found on at

| Southampton. : à;
e 23, EET TRO DER
vinctus. T. testa conica, lieri, anfractibus sex rotundatis, apice
EX obtusiore.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 307.
Habitat in mari, algis adherens.
Festa 4 poll. longa, subpellucida, cornei PE nune rufescens, nune Fa
lida. Anfractus primus fasciis 4 vel 5 purpurascente-brunneis, se-
cundus ac tertius fasciis duabus, Apertura suborbicularis. Labrum
tenuissimum. Labium HM album, canaliculo in. vc aum desi-
. nente. (Montagu.) xcd sie. Gia sob: a
A new species, discovered in pSnipdnb Day, Heron
| ; by ME Montagu. | DE
: ‘ ae UNI A ; ag $ drug itri Hoi Su x. M ee ets
- quadrifas-TT. testa subconica, levi; anfractu ge subcarinato,
ciatus. columella sinuata, umbilic HIGAS St
“Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 86. - SCochilea pn
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 398. - Supplem. t. 20. f. 7.
Habitat in mari, algis insidens. ! eo:
Testa + poll. longa, + lata, crassa, subpellucida, alba, cingulis pallide brun-
eddie neis. Anfractus primus subcarinatus, magnitudine: dimidium testae
; : superans. Lalrum incisum. margine- amo. ; Bai obtusior..
ES l4 ab Hein analis i opaca.
E at F: moath, Cornwall, by Mr. Montagu. Da
Cr ta's Cochlea parca, « of which we have se a specimen,

- Supplem.*. 20. f. 3.

a su 1D A, ransversim striata; aper-
don vix adnata. ba Gnel. p. 3606, X
. Lister Conch, t. 23. f. 25.,— = Aa Anti t. 2. $ E: m ns
Act. Angl.n. 105. f. e a. | TS E
Gualt. Test. t: 4. for. ae 25 E
~ Morton Northampt. p. A15. a

168

Marow's and Mr. Racxert’s

Ginann. Op. Post. ES: X QOL sim
"Muller Verm. 2. p. 17T: n. 363..
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 82. f: 110. T. tumidus.
` Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 86. t. 5. f. 9. T. striatus.
= Schrót. Flussconch. t. 9. uf. 15. a—b.
Chemn. Conch. 9. te 123. lit. č: re Lis
Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. P 45. fm 21. ne oe
3 ! Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 59. T. striatus. Se
o. ~ Montagu Test. Brit. p. 342. - = Supple, t. 22. f. 7.
-Habitat in sylvis et arenosis. zi
= "Testa & poll. longa, 3 lata, Pufpurisectta diea seu albida, maculis vel
Tate purpureis fasciata et variegata. — 4m/ractus rotundati, striis
transversis numerosis longitudinalibus delicatissimis. Apex obtusior,

purpureus. Umbilicus vix conspicuus. Operculum corneum, cochleatum.
Intus utplurimum | flavescens.

-First described and figured by Lister; found in và-
rious parts of the kingdom, under moss, on dry gravel, -
NE and i in sandy or fray CINÉ

i. Gm
bg gil».

cata; anfractibus teretibus,

Petiver Gaz. & 18. n 2
Walker Test. Min. Rar. A "S
| Muller Verm. p. 171. n. 357. Nerita pout) & p. 172.
2... A: 958. N. piscinalis, :
©- Schrét. Flussconch. p. 246. n. 52. 4 247. n. 61.5 & p 280.
— 4. 6. f. 11. Trochus cristatus,
Gmelin. p 3627, H. pisc = Th pusilla; 4

ne mea. Dorset p. À5. is 18. P 5, 4,
ni Berl. Mag. 4. p. 247. h. 59.
rit, Shells, t. 102.

“Montag ‘est. ;

T m S = :
fi

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea.. 169

Habitat, rarior, in aquis dulcibus, confervis adhzerens.

Testa diametro } poll. tenuis, pellucida, colore corneo. infractus tres
teretes, leviter cohzerentes, minutissime longitudinaliter - striati. Um-
_Uilécus patulus usque ad apicem. Apertura circinata.

Muller has probably described this shell in two
places; and Gmelin has not only continued this error,
but has given the same species a third time, as a Heliz,

` with a reference to Schróter's figure.
27.
Nautileus.T. testa planiuscula ; anfractibus annulatis, dorso cris-

dg. £4. latis. Linn. BAT. Nat. p. 1241. n. 654. Linn. Gmel.

p. 3612. — Merger oa
— Linn. Syst. Nat. 10. p. | 109. n. . 934. Nautilus Crista.
wt ext MO Helo. 4, p. 212. 4.9, f. 21, 29;- ae TE Meas ely

Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 20. § 21.
. Muller Verm. 2. n. 351. _Planerbis imbricatus.
Schrot. Flussconch. p- 238. n. 50.
Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 193. f. 1077. A. a.
Adams Micr. t. 14. f. 10, 11.; & t. 22. f. 39.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. A64. H. nautileus.
E —— ———— Supplem. t. 95.4.5... t
20 o5 Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t: 19. 3. 16. be-
- Habitat in aquis dulcibus, pinge p adhzrens.- docola pallidus,
— tentaculis duobus setaceis. : |
Testa damain daol, pellucida, pallide cornea, sub e idermi Enos abs.
/ ^ Jus umbilicata, Anfractuum annuli nune manifesti, nunc fere obso-
<< Teti, nunc- spinis seu ristis dorsalibu 2:
First Bigubed aa ficii

and ditches. =

Walker. Found in ponds

98. e í, r;
cristatus. T testa supra planiuscula, subtus umbilicata; anfracti-
: bus 3 vel 4, teretibus. _. auf |

Muller Verm. 2. p. 198. n. 384. Valvata te w
YOL. VIIL Z P o Walker

170 — Dr, Marow's and Mr. RACRETT’S

Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 18.

Schröter Flussconch. t. 5. f. 26, a.b. ——

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 460. vign. 1. f. 78. H. cristata.

Habitat in aquis dulcibus, rarior. Incola griseus, a dextro latere instruitur
spiculo tentaculum mentiente, quod quoties testa exit exseritur, re-

trorsumque aliquantum curvatur, et a latere sinistro crista pennacea
branchiali insignitur. (Muller) — —

Testa diametro 4i poll. subpellucida, pallide cornea, apice plano. Ges

fractus levissime striati. detruis exacte circinata, anfractui vicino
incumbens.

First figured as British by Walker. Found by Mr.
‘Boys, near Sandwich; and by Mr. Montagu, in the
river Avon, and near Wedhampton, Wilts.

2 |
seoreatll T. testa depressa, subtus mde Say te anfractibus qua-
tuor, apertura orbiculari. |
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 439. t. 13. f. 5.
Habitat in mari, rarior.
. Testa diametro vix 1 lin. subpellucida, dilute brunnea, subrugosa. 47-

... fractus sutura. conspicua, infimus cylindricus. Apertura subequalis,
juxta anfractum dilatior. . Spira nulla. | *
Testa T. cristato similis, sed minor, magis solidus et opacus, Apex magis E
prominens. (Montagu) - s ` z

Found only by Mr. Montagu, i in "Cornwall and De-
vonshire.

50. | RES Canietiat, | t
Clathrus. T. testa cancellata; turrita, exumbilicata ; ‘anfractibus |
contiguis, levibus. Linn. Fauna Suecica, m. 2170.

Syst. Nat. p. 1237. n. 631. Linn. Gmel. p. 3603.
Rondel Test. 89. f. 5. |

Bonann. Recr. 3. t. 111.
Lister Conch. t. 588. f. 51.
Rumph. Mus. t. 29. ropa
Guglt. Test, HL! H.

| Plane.

B

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. m

Planc. Conch. t. 5. f. 1, 8
Borlase Cornw. t. 98. f. 9.

: Knorr 1. t. Af: 5.5 4. t. 20. f. 5 46 (39.3.

Lesser Testaceoth. f. 41.
Martini Conch. 4. t. 153. f. 1434. & 1438.

— Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 81. f. 111. & 111. A.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 115. t. 7. f. 11.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 45, t. 15. f. 11.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 28.

Montagu Test. Brit. P. 296.

Habitat in mari.

Testa ad 14 poll. longa, alba, glaberrima, costis membranaceis cincta,

minor,. anfractibus 5 vel 6, costis numerosioribus. -

t. bf. 1. Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 45.

ou Sf.
parous.

Adams Microsc. €. 14. f. 19... —
pa Test. Brit. p. 297. T. clátitstulas:

Found on various parts of the coast, but not com-
mon. The smalier variety has been found in Kent;
South Devon; and at Weymouth. :

T. testa turrita, anfractibus 5 vel 6, costis deas d.
stantibus.

^ Da Costa Brit. Wen AR. | p- 104.

| Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 66. t. 13. f. 29,3

0, "T. zereus ;

4 1.15.5735, 10-. T. subluteus. gorii

Donovan Brit. Shells, t; 90. T. lacteus.

Montagu Test. Brit. P 310.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. f. 4.
Habitat in mari, frequens, .
Testa 4 poll. longa, alba, castanea, rufescens, vel vides costis dia;
apice violaceo. Coste 9 vel 11, prominentes. Lalrum incrassatum.
First noticed by Da Costa. Common on sandy shores.

z2 27-49 Mri-

172 — Dr. Maron’s and Mr. RACKETT’S

str inten: T. testa subcancellata, turrita; anfractibus contiguis,

_cingulisque varicosis interceptis.. Linn. Syst. Nat.

p. 1238. n. 635. Linn. Gmel. p. 3604.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 102. t. 8. f. 10.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 306. FIO Gee
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 14. f. Lodi :

et S
nx

Habitat in mari, rarissima.

Testa magnitudine seminis hordei, qmi RRE ducks striis mem-
branaceis, parvis, passimque rugis convexis, callosis. Apertura minus
orbiculata, fere obovata, et subtus subangulata. (Linn.)

= _ First noticed as British by Da Costa. Found in Fal-
‘mouth Harbour, and on the ‘South Devon coast, by
Mr. Montagu. dod uelis is
reticulatus. T. testa omiaa, k anfractibus; tumidis, reticulatis.
| Walker Test. ‘Min. Rar. J: 32.

EXT

roe a Maed. Test. Brit. p: 322.
Habitat in man. . .
Testa 44, poll. longa, is eee crassa, opaca, i on “Anfiactus den ro-
-j5 sijn -f tundatis (Montagu.) Apertura mboriicnias. margine crassa, Apex :

acutior, o T d
An non potius ad Helices referenda? |
Found by Mr. Boys, at pim Kent ; and by Mr.
i i LEN Adams, at — À
34. se plain babel e
Bryereus. T. testa turrita, anfattibas levibus, 4 costis contiguis,
apertura ovata. <
“Montagu Test. Brit. p. : 313. ETT 8.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t: 178., RS Ope costatus.
Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. e 19. T ri
. Habitat in mari, ad littora, | TO BUR” osle »
- Testa vix 1 poll. longa; satis crassa, seb, Hen directus binim pro-
minent.

~ Supplem. t. 21. Í. i

e Catalogue of the British Testacea. 173

minent. Coste 17 vel 18, linea subtilissima tantum disjuncte. Sutura
- manifesta. _ Labrum crassum, | Labium picsa leve.
Farietas costis 10 vel 12 majoribus. :

< a The Turbo above. described. was named by the author
| me Testacea Britannica, in honour of Mr. Bryer, of
‘Weymouth, to whom we are indebted for the discovery
of this and many other curious species, and whose inde"
' fatigable researches in various departments of natural
history must render his death sincerely regretted.
35. |
coniferus. T. testa turrita, anfractibus costatis ; costis contiguis, ad .
. suturam sub-papillosis. - LAE |
= Montagu Test. Brit. p. 314. t. 15. dd
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. f. 6.—

Habitat in mari.
Testa à poll. longa, crassa, alba. Anfractus 6, plani, costis 12 undulatis,
- oculo armato ‘subtilissimé striatis. | Apex obtusior. - Apertura ovalis,
integerrima, margine crassissima.
A new and elegant species, discovered at Weymouth,

by Mr. Bryer.

denticula-T... testa conica; anfractibus costatis ; costis obliquis, ad
cootussccsossutuaram. denticulatis. . Montagu Test. Brit. p. 315.
Testa vix 4 poll. longa, vix 4 lata, alba, subpellucida, praecedenti valde
"TO OF T c dffinis,, sed « costis solum 9 vel 10, obliquis, "idas neque undu-
JiidatisspC E Jatis, int erstiti is sub ellucidis, neque stratis. A pertura s
: neque marginata, sed costá solum incrassata. ———

| Found at ‘Weymouth, by Mr. ‘Bryer.
mdi: gudd 1 !
striatus. , E testa subtursita, aveact hus striatis, striis transversis,
xm regularibus, numerosissimis. ;
- Walker Fest Min. Rar. y AQ. i
Adams Microse. t. 14. d. 29. Wes o A
TR Ter dallas

174

| tagy; ; and at Pembroke, by Mr. Adams.

38.

costatus.

unicus.

and Cornwall.

Dr. Maros's and Mr. RAckzTT's

Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 8. p. 66. t. 13. f. 25, 26,
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 312.

Habitat in mari, radicibus algarum adheerens.

Testa + poll. longa, glabra, pellucida, alba, sub epidermide brunnea. £n-
fractus teretiores, superne leviter SS Sutura manifesta, Apex
vix acutus. Apertura ovata,

First found by Mr. Boys) and Amii in Test. Min.

Rariora; rare in Shepey Island. Found plentifully at
Plymouth and on the Devonshire coast, by Mr. Mon-

1

T. testa subturrita, alte UbUs costatis, apertura mar-
gine sulcata.

Walker Test. Min. Rar. fA

Adams Microsc. t. 14. f. 20.

Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 65. f. 19, 14.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 311. t. 10. f. 6.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. f. 5.
E Habitat in mari, ad littora, —

Testa 4 poll. longa, solida, glabra, stlpallucida, DA Aifeactus fere dis-
juncti, prominentes, costis paululum obliquis seu undulatis, validis,
striis transversis, delicatissimis, numerosissimis, inter costas eviden-
tioribus. Apex obtusior. Apertura fere orbicularis; margine sulcata,
crassissima.

Discovered by Mr. Boys, in Kent. Found also on
the coasts of Pembrokeshire, Devonshire, Dorsetshire,

+

T. testa acuminata, glaberrima, anfractibus teretibus,

striatis, Montagu * Test. Brit. p p p. 299. T 12. x

| Walker. Test. Min. Rar. f. 40.

Adams Micr. y 14. f. 17.
Halitatin mati,

Testa

AI.
duplica-
tus.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 175

Testa 3, poll. longa, pellucida, alba. Anfractus striis üuiperosis longi-

. tudinalibus, interstitiis delicatissime transversim. striatis, oculo armato
solum conspiciendis.. Apertura suborbicularis, fere ovalis. (Montagu.)
First noticed by Mr. Boys, at Sandwich.
~ * 30 99* Tyrrili, proprie dicti.
T. testa acuminata, glaberrima, anfractibus subglobosis.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 299. t. 12. f. 1.
Hab tat in mari.

. Testa 4. poll. longa, tenuis, pellucida, alba. Anfractus 9. Apertura sub-

orbicularis, Spira acutissima. (Montagu.)
A new and rare species, discovered by Mr. Montagu,

in sand, from Falmouth Harbour.

Nearly allied to T. unicus, but being perfectly
smooth, it could not be placed in the subdivision of
** Cancellati”

T. testa turrita, anfractibus carinis duabus acutis.

—.. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1239. n. 643. Linn. Gmel. p. 3607.

Bonanni Recr. 3. t. 114..
Lister Conch. t. 591. f. 58..
Seb. Mus. 3. t. 56. f. 7, 8.

Anim. Angl. t. 3. f...

s D'Argens. Conch. t. 11. r G;

ibd ii iiec 2

| Pennant 1 Brit. Zool. 4, t. 81. f.. 112.
|. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 110. t. 63
—— Donovan Br ve

rit. Shells, t. 112.

Habitat in pelago, rarissima..

Testa 24 poll. longa, structura Soie m i er. crassior.. Coloralbus.
Anfractuum anguli, seu costae tantum 2 s. 3, obtusiores. — (Linn..
Mus. Lud. Ulr. P. 662.)

This species is described as British by Lister, who.
observes that he more than once obtained it from fisher-
men on the: Yorkshire coast. We have inserted it,
» | & therefore,

£ ret

176

Dr. Maron’s and Mr. Racxertt’s

therefore, on the authority of that diligent and accu-

. rate author, though it has not been found by any other

49.
exoletus.

- ~ Bonanni Recr. 9. t. 113. Mus. Kirch. n. De
Lister Conch. t. 592. f. 60.

person ; but as it is a pelagic shell, it may perhaps have

escaped the notice of less indefatigable naturalists.

T. testa turrita, aimi carinis duabus: obtusis dis
stantibus. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. “1289. n. — Linn.
Gmel. p. 5007.

^

- Seb. Mus. 3. t..56. f. 30. 37.38.

Knorr Vergn. 6.t.16.f.8.. t-i, EU

` Martin. Conch: 4. t; 152. f. .1423.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 114. t. t. f 8.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 22. f. 1. F cinctüs.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 995. de cinctus. .

pn Habitat in mari, rarissima.

Terebra.

Testa 2% poll. longa, alba, vel purpurascens, lta rufis, vel castaneis,.
. marmorata. Anfractus 12 vel 14, obsolete spiraliter striati, paululum
prominentes. Apex acutissimus. -

Found on the Lincolnshire and Taibdenie coasts, by
Da Costa; and at Sandwich, in Kent.

This rare species answers so well to Linneus’s de-
scription, and to the only reference he makes, (viz. Bo-
nanni, t. 113.) that we have followed Da Costa, who
makes it T. evoletus of that author. |

T. testa turrita; anfractibus carinis sex acutis. Linn.
Fauna Suecica, n. 217 bs T Le Nat. Be (1239. n. 645.
Linn: Gmel. p. 3608. .

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 3. f. 8. Cenk t. . 890. f 55..

Seb. Mus. 8. t. 56. f. 39. § f. 40.

Schrét. Einl. in Conch. 1. t. 3. f. 21. |

CONSER Knorr

Kw Vergn dete RR
5 . Martin. Conch. 4. f. is "Ires

Catalogue of th the British Testacea. WwW

a: es gigi kts 3

| | . Pennant Brit. Zool. 4.4. "py ux Ed
. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 119. t. 1. f. 8, 6.
- Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 99. f. 9... —

ete
tg se

44,

© Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 45. t. 15. if 5, 6

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 293.

Habitat in mari.

Testa ad 2 poll. longa, colore corneo. Anfractus costis plurimis acutis.
Most authors bave considered this shell as T. Terebra,

though Linnæus describes it. as having only 6 or 7
ridges ; but perhaps this character i is not constant. :

£runcatus.'T. testa cylindrica, anfractibus planiusculis, apie

$ Southampton, n m

/

truncato. E AAP cin
Adams in y "Sr T 3. p. 65? ee eae
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 300. t. 10. f. T us
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. f. 8.

Habitat in mari.
Testa 3; poll. longa, +, lata, Ms pellucida, corneo colore. Anfractus 4,

Sutura manifesta. Apertura ars, leviter. larginata, ——-

x aie rarior, striata versus suturas.

First noticed by Mr. Montigu? not uncommon at
nore rare at Plymouth and on the De-
vonshire coast. Found also at. Weymouth, by Mr.
Bryer, and by ourselves at Poole. ia

Dr. Pulteney's ‘Helix subcylindrica, which he describes ©
as having the * volutions in some striated or finely -

plicated the whole length of the shell, in others prin- _

cipally apparent in the sutures, so as to give them a
crenated appearance," appears to be this shell in a ;

more perfect state; such are not uncommon in the
VOL. VIIL

QA E : — West

178

: 4.
subtrun-

caius. .

46.
bidens.

t.5. f. 9.

Schrot. Einl. in Conch. 1. t. 3. f. 22.

=

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT’S

West Indies. The Doctor considered his specimens as

English, and says they are found on water-plants, in rivers.
and ponds, in Dorsetshire; but we apprehend he was
mistaken, since, although we have paid great attention
to the natural history of that county, we have never
been able to obtain any, similar to those in his oam =

T. testa subcylindrica, TERS teretioribus, versus.
apicem sensim minoribus, sutura profundiore.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 300. t. 10. f. 1.

Halitat in mari.

Testa >; poll. longa, pellucida, flavescente-alba, interdum paululum gla-.

bra. -Anfractus in nonnullis leviter striati, Apertura suborbicularis.
(Montagu.)

Discovered by Mr. Montagu, at REIR and
in Salcomb Bay, Devon. `

T. testa pellucida; anfractibus contrariis; sutura sub-
crenata ; apertura posterius bidentata. Linn. Syst.

Nat. p. 1240. n. 649.. Linn. Gmel pi 3609.
Bonann. Recr. 3. t. AY.

Gualt. Test. t. 4. f. D. E.

Ginann. Op.. Post. t. 3. f. 23.

Muller Verm. 2. p. 190. n.317. H. papillaris..
Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 112. f. 963, 964. ?

: ... Pultene; y in. Hutch. Dorset. p. 46. t. 21. f. 16.?
. .— Oliviers Travels in the Ottoman Empire, i 6 17. fst
- -— Habitat in. muscosis, vel cavis arborum truncis. -

Testa dimidium circiter pollicem longa, glaberrima, fusca. -Anfractilus:
10—11 in commissuris, papillis vel dénticulis albis munitis, ——

Noticed as English by Dr. Pulteney.
We have more oer once had occasion to remark
Š tke

TW va s

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. - 179

the necessity of adverting to Linnzus's. descriptions, as
well as his references. The words * sutura subcrenata,"
point out a distinction in this species not to be found
in any other. Yet this character has been overlooked,
and several of the following species have been supposed
to be T. bidens by every British author except Dr.
Pulteney, who describes his shell as having “ the su-
tures prettily crenated.” We have given a figure from
a specimen in the doctors museum, now in the posses-
sion of this Society. He notes it as a Dorsetshire shell ;
but there is reason to believe'he was deceived, and that
this species is not of British growth, since, notwith-
standing a most diligent search, we have been unable to
procure it.
AT. |
laminatus.'T. testa turrita, pellucida, levi; anfractibus contrariis; -
apertura adnata, postice bidentata.

Lister Conch. t. 41. f. 39. major. `

Gualt. Test. t. 4. f. C. —

Muller Verm. 2. p. 116. n. 315. H. bidens.

Schrot. Erdconch. t. 1. f. 4a.

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 112. f. 960. n. 1.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 46. t. 19. 9. f 9.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 359. t. 11. f. 4.

: Habitat in sylvis, et muscosis, rarior.
^ Testa 4 poll. longa, 4 lata, glabra, Tétüiéenis-Cormes, obsolete rugosa.
Anfractus 10. Apertura suborbicularis, leviter Ee plicis
duabus albis, et interdum laminis 3 vel 4 internis.
First noticed by Lister; found in Muiahire; Kent,

and Dorsetshire.

48.
biplicatus.T. testa turrita, opaca, striata ; anfractibus contrariis

apertura postice bidentata, minus contigua.
2a 2. 2 2 Schrot.

180

40.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT'S

Schrot. Erdconch. t. 1. f. 4, b.
Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 112. f. 960. n. 2.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 361. t. 11. f. 5.

Halitat in sylvis et muscosis, rarior.

Tésta 3 poll. longa, + lata, brunnea, facie T. — sed distinguitur
quod dense et profunde striata. Apertura reflexa, nec ad corpus con~
tigua. Collum compressum. | Znfractus 12—13.

This species was first distinguished by Mr. Montagu,

who found it at Easton TOME in Wiltshire. It has.

been also found in Hyde Park.

nigricans. T. testa eee opaca; anfractibus contrariis, striatis ;;

apertura postice bidentata, dentibus minus approxi-
matis.
Lister Conch. t.41. f.39. minor.
Anim. Angl. App. t. 1. f- 7.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 89. f. 116... T. perversus..
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 108.
Muller Verm. 2. p. 118. n. 316. H. perversus.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p.. 46. h 19. f. 10.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 72. T. perversus..
Montagu. Test. Brit. p.. 551. t. 11.f.. 7. T. bidens..

Halitat in museosis, frequens. . |
Testa vix 4 poll. longa, +5 lata, nigricans, minute striata. Apertura sub-.

— Anim. Ang el. t.2. f.10..

orbicularis. Sutura. linea depressa, conspicua. Noscitura T. biplicato-

quod minor, magis fusca, et dentes minus approximati. Á

labiatus. T. testa turrita, opaca.; anfractibus. contrariis, striatis ;:

apertura bidentata, margine dilatato, incrassato, albo..

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 107.. Strombiformis perversus..
. Chemn. Conch. 9. t.112. f. 957.2

Olicier's. Travels in the Ottoman Empire, t. ar. e. 6.
Montagu Tent: Brit. xn 362. CIL £4 6.
Habitat:

MP ra EE SAM Oia eat Re SEs MOR AE eRe EARS NN eps D NT

*-

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 181

Habitat in muscosis, vel in fissuris corticis arborum, rarissima.
Testa & poll. longa, 4 lata, pallide brunnea: .4afractus 9 plani, striis
numerosis densis regularibus ; vix a sutura distincti, quse fere obliterata.

Distinguitur a czeteris ab apertura marginata et anfractibus haud pro-
minentibus.

This species appears to have been described by Da
Costa. It has been found by Mr. Swainson in ozier-

grounds, at Dattersea, Surrey.
SE

perversus.'T. testa turrita, pellucida; anfractibus contrariis; aper-
t. 5. f.2. tura edentula. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 9112. Syst.
. Nat. p. 1240. n. 650.

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 9. f. 11.

Schrot. Erdconch. t. 1. f. 5.

Favanne Conch. t. 65. f. I. 4.

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 112. f. 959. a.

Linn. Gmel. p. 3609. - :

-Pulteney in. Hutch. Borar p- 46. f. 19. TE.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 355, t-11. f. 12.

Habitat in muscis, ad radices arborum, rarior.
Testa 4 poll. longa, pellucida, subflava; spiris- 8 sensim minoribus; in.
longum producta; apice obtusiusculo sensim attenuato. Spiris si- -
_ nistrorsum euntibus, Aes Fn: Suec Suec. p. € VAM obsoletus in.
senioribus. ^^. E
. First noticed by Tube. Fadi in W iltshire, Dor-
csetshire, Pesensbire, and Cornwall ; but not common. -
i E
tridens. "T. testa. PAR i levis: animetibne D vel 1 pla-
niusculis ; apertura tridentata.
Linn. Gmel. p..3611..
Gualt.. Test. t. 4. f. F..
Muller Verm. 9... 106. n.305. =-
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 46. t..19. f. 12.

Montagu Test.. Brit. p. dd. Clk f 2.

-Habitat rarissima.
Testa 4 poll. longa, 1 lin. lata, peer eben, colore pallide corneo.
Anfractus

182 Dr. Marton’s s and Mr. Rac KETT'S ,

ee 6 vel 7, vix distinguendi. Apertura parva, versus apicem —
coarctata. Dentes 3, unus ad marginem, alteri duplices in columellam
et juxta basin.

Found only by Mr. Boys and Dr. Pulteney ; the lat-

ter says, * on water-plants by the river Stour, Dorset."

53.
Juniperi. T. testa subcylindrica, anfractibus oblique striatis,

apertura septemdentata.

Schrót. Erdconch. t. 1. f. 6.

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 136. f. 1936. a. b.

Olivi Adr. t. 5. f. 2.?

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 340. t. 12. f. 12.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. f. 11.*

Habitat ad radices Juniperi communis, rara.

Testa vix 4 poll. longa, opaca, brunnea. Anfractus minime prominentes,
sutura depressa, Apertura subrotunda, margine albo interrupto,
dentibus 7, tribus in labrum, quatuor in columellam. Apex obtusus.

We are indebted to Mr. Montagu for ascertaining
this curious species to be Dritish. He found it at

Easton Grey, and at Devizes, Wilts. Mr. Bryer, also,

procured it on the hills near St. Catherine’s Tower, Ab-

botsbury, Dorset; but it must be considered as a very
local shell.

54. ^
Muscorum.T. testa ovata, obtusa, pellucida; anfractibus senis se-

cundis, apertura edentula. Linn. Fauna Suecica,
n. 2173. Syst. Nat. p. 1940. n. 651. Linn. Gmel.
«0. 3611.

- Lister Anim. AngL t. 2. f. 6.

Petiver Gaz. t. 35. f. 6

Linn. It. Œl. p. 99.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. P: 89. t. 5. f 16. T. dbi rin

Stróem. Act. Nidr. 3. t. 1. TT :

Schrót. Erdconch. t. 1. FA

Muller

Descriptive Catalogue of the Kp ie 183

Muller Verm.. 2. p. 105. n. 304.
Chemn. Conch. Q. t; 193. Jf, 1076. eae
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. A6. t. 21. fe 16.

— Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 80.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 835. - — Supplem. t. 22. f. 3.

Habitat inter muscos ad radices arborum, etin tectis rusticorum antiquis. `
Testa plusquam 4. poll. brunnea dum adhuc animalculo fceta est, alias
cornea, pellucida, spiris 6. Apertura ovato-acuminata,. mucrone ob-
tuso. Spire more communi dextrorsum (aperture imposita) proce-
dunt. (Fn. Suec. 2173.) Labium sepius dente unico.
Varietas duplo minor, nec dentata, nec apertura marginata. Re Ly )
First noticed and figured by Lister. . Found in most

parts of the Eisrdom, though not very common.

Vac PU

55. .
seadenta- T. testa ovata obtusa levi; apertura sexdentata ; labro:
EUS.. impresso.. | |
Linn. Gmel. p. 3660. ? H. Em
Muller Verm. 2. p. 101. n. 299.? H. minuta..
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 331. t. 12. f. 8.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. f. 12.
Habitat, rarior, in paludibus, supra Iridem Pseudacorum. .
Testa Turbini Muscorum affinis, 1 lin. longa, i lata, glabra, rufescente-.
. cornea, pinguis. Anfractus tumidiusculi. Apertura subtriangu--
. laris, dentibus 6, quatuor in labrum, duobus in e ds in =
- nioribus dentibus 4, vix conspicuis. Apex obtusus: —
viia < Round by Mr. Boys, at Sandwich, Kent; and by MMe.
^^ Montagu, in Cornwall, Devonshire, and among the
` rejectamenta of the river Avon, in Wiltshire. It has.
also been found in Dorsetshire..
56.

Vertigo. T. testa ovali ; anfractibus 5, teretibus; substriatis, con- -

trarlis ; apertura subtriangulari, dentata. — |
Linn. Gmel. p. 3664. Helix Vertigo. — ~

— Muller Verm. 2. p. 124. n.320.. Vertigo pusilla.

cm : Schrot.

+

iet apod M LAS IE: ota orae gn. n
184 | pe Jaton’ s and 1 Mr. Rackerr’ $

ROW à :

AR Pam - Seit. haod p. 949. n. 142.
ris ven Montag Test. Brit. p. 363. t. o 6
— ^. © Habitat super muros hedera obtectos. Incola tentaculis duobus linearibus,
«+ apice oculatis. (Muller.). "-
Testa 1 lin. longa, opaca, brunnea, a. d tura E. ribus frequen-
^ tius 3, albis, uno in labrum, "duobus in ‘columellam, cum tumore
seu lamina ad cotum labri ; — dentibus 6, cum Bou

"CP ib "ul oH | MEpiBBp-— E
Testa T T. Bub de valde affinis, sedi magis cylindrica, apice Ei iore, et
~~ anfraetibus contrariis,

ad

Carychi- 'T. testa Sobeonics, abra; apertura deptibui intus ses-
um, quitribus munita. Linn. Gel. p. 3665. Helix Cary-
à schlimm. beo atc
Walker Test. Min n. TRAR T: 5 PR ut
Muller Verm. 2. p. 125. n. 321. | :
| Schrüt. Flussconch, P: 924. n. 122.

" cente, dient ‘icole Bavas; ; tentaculis modo 2 Pete,
quasi bulbigeris, ad basin posterius oculatis. 3
. Testa omnium terrestrium minima, 1 lin. lohan + TR diaphana; ; li-
. mace foeta flava, apice albo; vacua tota alba. Anfractus quinque teretes.
"Apertura ovata, intus denticulis duobus minimis a latere sinistro li-
macis notata ; a latere dextro rudimentum tertii in nonnullis conspici-
tur; denticuli certo testze situ ope lenticulæ visibiles. (Muller)
EE Anfractus striati, sed vix oculo armato conspiciendi. Apex obtusiusculus,
Mj. a Spira magis conica quam in precedentibus, — Bae
_ 7^ ^ First noticed by Mr. Boys, who found it in Kent,
where it is common. Found in Wiltshire and Devon-

a ui ey by Mr. Montagu ; and in Dorsetshire, by ourselves.

x following descriptions are taken from Mr.
Adams’ s paper in the 3d Volume of ‘the Linnean Trans-
actions. The six vend ones are from ‘Walker's

feta

A

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 185

Testacea Minuta Rariora. We are unacquainted with

— .* the species, and unable, from the figures and de-
scriptions only, to arrange them under the proper sub-
divisions of the genus. ‘Those given on the authority
of Mr. Adams are described by him as minute shells.
and as having been found on the sea coast.

58.
albulus. T. quinque anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, aper-

tura subrotunda. Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 66.
t. 13. f. 17, 18. T. albus.
59. |
scriptus. 'T. testa bi tribus pie lineis fuscis characteri-
formibus, apertura subrotunda. Adams in Act. Soc.
Linn. 3. p.65. t. 13. f. 11,12. Obs.—* Iste linez li-
neis Lichenis scripti omnino similes." —

subarcuü-'T. decem anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis, tes-
tus. ta ad apicem subarcuata. Color albus. Adams in
Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 66. t. 13. ^ 27,28.
61.

Adamsii. T. sex anfractibus spiraliter striatis, costis remotis,
apertura ovali. Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 66.
t. 13. f. 31, 32. T. vang

$ 62. i

divisus. 'P. quatuor áticos levibus et Stratis, apertura
subovali. Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 254.

63. ;

subrufus. T. testa levi, quinque anfractibus superne sub-
angulatis. Adams in det, Soc. Linn. 5. p.31
fi 15519, axed |

. VOL. VIII. 2B z 64. retiformis.

186 — Dr. Marox's and Mr. RackeTT's ©
64.
rn T. tumidus quatuor Go reticulatis, apertura
subovali. Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 31.
Halitat in mari, teeta minuta.
From Sandwich ; very rare. (Walker.)
65.
fuscus, T. quinque anfractibus. striatis, Neu. subovali.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 42.
Habitat in sylvis, terrestris.
Testa minuta, opaca, brunnea, An hujus generis ?

From Bysingwood, near Faversham ; very rare.
___ (Watker.)
66. |
strigatus. T. tribus anfractibus, primo strigis tribus transver-

sis, apertura subovata. Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 38..
Adams Microsc. t. 14. f. 15.

Habitat
Testa minuta, opaca, alba, — — |
From Maniers E gad wares: Gale ye
67. >
carinatu- T. turritus carinatis: pU TER apertura
lus. coarctata marginata. Walker Test. Min. TS X: 44.
Adams Microsc. 1. 14. f- 18. 3
Habitat a.
Testa minuta, opaca, alba. An hujus generis ?
rom SAN WONN very rare. (Walker. )

Rioulus, E striatus, quatuor anfractibus, apertura o ovali margina-
> ta. albe qi: Mas Beruf Sn

Spo s didi:
Testa apaga, alba, — 7

From a stream near r Faversham "và rare. (Walker.)

69. Sandvi-

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. — — 187
69.
Sandvi- T. tribus anfractibus reticulatis, apertura unidentata.

censis. Walker Test. Min. Rar. fr 55...
Habitat i
Testa pellucida, alba.

From Sandwich; exesering] y rare. (Walker. )

HELI X.
. Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 328.
i * Carinate anfractibus, margine acuto.
Lapicida. H. testa carinata, umbilicata; utrinque convexa; aper-
tura marginata, transversali, ovata. Linn. Fn. Suec.
n.2174. Syst. Nat. p. 1241. n. 616. Linn.Gmel. p. 3613.
-Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. 14. —— Conch. t. 69. f. 68.
Act. Angl. n. 105. f. 13. | ! aus
Petiver Gaz. t. 92 92. f. dei
Linn. It. Wzoth. 27. eee
Schrot. Erdeonch. t. 2. f. 23...
Muller Verm. 2. p. 40. n. 240. .
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 83. f. 121.
> Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 55. t. xL. os: e acuta.
-.. ^ Ghemn. Conch. 9. t. 196. f. 13M4407. a
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 46. t. 20. f 9.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 39. p 2. MiA

Montagu Test. Brit. p435. |

Habitat in sylvis et rupibus, rarior. > = 00 ao |

Testa 3. poll. lata, 3 alba. - Color pallidus sen D 'eorbéus, cum diu spirarum

transversis ferrugineis. Subpellucida, supra parum convexa, subtus ma- ,

- gis convexa, subtilissime striata, et oculo armato punctis elevatis scabra.
Apex minime prominet; subtus vero umbilicus, foramine tereti majus-
culo apertus. Margo spirarum undique acutissimus. Apertura subovata,
transversa, levissime dilatata. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr.. pi06).

^0. Found in most parts of the kingdom. ~ |
ec o 252 — (7 288. subcari-

188 es Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT'S
zs
subeavi- H. testa umbilicata, striata, convexiuscula, anfractibus
nata. lineotis 3 elevatis delicatissimis.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 22.?
Montagu Test. Brit. p HAS t. EXE Ae 9.

Habitat in mari, rarior.
Testa diametro ad basin +; gne satis crassa, alba, aun Anfractas
8, subtilissime transversim striati, superné lineola. unica elevata delicatis-
sima, subtus lineolis duabus, Apertura ovalis. Margo integerrimus,
versus anfractum seeundum in angulum acutum decurrens, Umbilicus
profundus. Testa Neritis valde affinis. (Montagu.)

Found on the coasts of Kent and ji enemies

a. x
Planorbis.H. testa subcarinata, zai Raat plana, supra concava,

t. 5. f.18. apertura oblique ovata, utrinque acuta. Linn. Fauna
Suecica, n. 2. Syst. Nat. p. 1242, n. 662. Linn. Gmel.
p. 3617.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. Í. o7. Conch. t, 138. f. 42.
: Act. Angl.. n. 105. t. M DI TET ONT
Petiver Gaz. t. 10. fA... amori
Gualt. Test. t. 4. f. E.E.
Klein Ostr. t. 1. f. 8. — Ka
Hill Swammerd. t. 10. f. 5.
Muller Verm. 2. p. 160. n. 346.? Planorbis umbilicatus.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 83. f. 123.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 63. t. 4. f 10.; §& 48. ^ 8.
| Schrot. Flussconch. t. 5. f. 13.
cores Favanne Conch. t. 61. f. Bob.
© Chemm. Conch. 9. t. 126. f. 1102: a—b. — —
‘Pult. in Hutch. Dorset. p. AG. t. Bef Bugt. 20. f 10.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 4 ( :

Habitat in stagnis; frequens. — noc xi Bo Jg e

5 -Testa constat 4 anfractibus RSRS dum animal intra eandem latet
opaca, —— e pestem mm fpi: Stric minimae
oblique

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 189

oblique testam striatam reddunt. Apertura ovato-obliqua, utrinque parum
acuta. Margo anfractuum. prominet. (e dent 527. n. 2176.)

3.*

planata. H. testa carinata, alis phase carina marginali

t.5. f.lå media, apertura subovali.

Muller Verm. 2. p. 157. n. 344. Planorbis carinatus.
Schrot. Flussconch. t. 5. f. 22—25.

Born Mus. t. 14. f. 5, 6.

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 127. f. 1121, 1122.?

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 20. f. 18. '

_ Montagu Test. Brit, p.450. —— z — Supplem. t. 25. f. 1.
POORT Ir ree een eres OON Sac
“Habitat in stagnis et fossis, rarior. Incola flavescens, ao flavis Pa

‘lucidis. (Montagu.) | :

Testa diametro 3. poll., forma et magnitudine jeiesiqi, plana, subpellu-
cida, glabra, coloris cornei. Anfractus 4 planiusculi ; primus carinatus,

sed non limbo circumscriptus, Carina etiam in medio anfractûs, nec ad

latus inferius, ut in Helice Planorli,

4. |

Vortex. H. testa carinata, supra concava; apert l
Linn. Fauna Suec. m 2178. yst . Nat.. p. 1243. n. 667.

~ Linn. Gmel. p 3620. Oe
a T Arig A gl. t. 2. f. 98. M Conch. t. 98. fas
Act. Angl. n. 105. Ey 25 d ns EM
Petiver Gaz. t. 99. f. 6.
Gualt. Test. t. à. f. G.G. 4
Muller Verm. 2. p. 158. w SÀX
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 83. f. 194.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p- 65. t. AS ae

à a krik; plana.

tė

190

UR

corned.

Petiver Gaz. t. 92. f. 5.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT’S

Schrót. Flussconch. t. 5. f. 16, 17.

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 127. f. 1127. a. B.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 47. t. 20. f. 12.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 75.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 454. Se $25. f. 3.

Halitat in fluviis, stagnis, fossis, Mcr Incola fuscus.

Testa diametro vix + poll., subpellucida, coloris cornei sub epidermide vi-
rescente vel rufescente brunnea., Hæc Hel. Planorle minor, at anfrac-
tibus pluribus. Margo teste in illa extra testam is cac at in hac
ipse teste angulus est acutus. — Fn. Suec. am 527. T3

* * Rotundatz anfractibus, et umlilicatee.

H. testa supra umbilicata, plana, nigricante; anfracti-
bus 4 teretibus. - Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 29179. Syst.
Nat. p. 1243. n. 671. Linn, Gmel, p. 3023.

Buonanni Recr. t. 3, f. 316.

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. M w Conch. t. 137. f. 41.

Gualt. Test. t. 4. f. D. D.
Seb. Mus. 3. t. 39. f. 17. cease
D' Argenv. Conch. t. 31. y SEINS HRS o re
Lesser's Testaceoth. p- 148. f. $9 &
Hill's Soammerd. t. 10. f. 3, 4.
Knorr Vergn. 5. t. 22. f. 6.

Muller Verm. 2. p. 154. n. 343.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 83. f. 196. § f. 195. testa j junior.

- — Da Costa Brit. Conch. t. 4. f. 13. H. Cornu apes.

Schröt. "Flussconch. t. 5. f. 19—21.

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 325. f. 3348—1115. —— ^
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. ai. ro 13.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 191

. Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 39. f. 1.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 448.0 o as
Habitat in fluviis, paludibus, et fossis, frequens. -
Testa diametro 1 poll., vel major. Teste spira seu anfractus teres est
striis longitudinalibus et transversalibus, minutissimis elevatis; tota
ferruginea seu pulla, subpellucida, plana utrinque est, nec spira promi-

nens, at latere superiore concavo umbilicata, vix autem in inferiore
latere. (Linn. Fn. Suec. p. 528.)

6. ;
Spirorbis. H.. testa utrinque. concava plana albida, anfractibus
quinque teretibus. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2180.
Syst. Nat. p. 1244. n. 672.. Linn. Set Ep. ..9624.
Martini Berl. Mag. À. p. 258. t. 8. f. 20. 2 —
Muller Verm. 2. p. 161. n. 347. Plariotbis Sirois.
Schrót. Flussconch. n. 47; § t. 5.f. 18.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 455. ———— Supplem..t. 25. f. 2.
— Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset..t. 20. f. 17.
Habitat in rivis et stagnis, frequens.
Testa diametro 44, poll. Testa pellucida, cornea; anfractibus 5 vel 6, plana, .
parum utrinque concava, vix tamen umbilicata; minime marginata.
(Linn. Fn. Suec. p. 528.)
First distinguished : asa British species, by Mr. Mon-
tagu ; COMMODE A GI a Kodocha AE
contorta. H. testa subumbilicata plana, utrinque sequali; aper-
tura lineari acuta, Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2181.
- Syst. Nat. p. 1244. n. 673.. Linn, Gmel. p. 3624.
"Petteer Gaz. t: 92. f. 8.
* Act. Ups. 1736. p. 40; n. 5...
Schrot. Flussconch. t. 5. f. 99...
Muller Verm. 2. p. 162. n. 348.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p..66. t. À. f..11. H. crassa. .
S Chemn..

192

B.

alba.

Dr. Maros's and Mr. Rack ETTS

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 127. f. 1126.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 47. t.20. f. 11. H. um-
bilicata.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 99.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 457.

Habitat in rivis et fossis. :

Testa magnitudine seminis brassice, raro major, Anfractibus quatuor
arctissime sibi invicem obvolutis ; utrinque fere szequalis est testa et
utrinque concava, Apertura literam C refert, seu lunam in primo
quadrante ; corpus nigrum, corniculis subulatis, longis, cum in aquis
versatur, €t e testa prorepit animalculum vivum; videtur testa eminus
inspecta, quasi deaurata. (Fn. Suec. p. 528. n. 2181.)

Supplem. t. 25. f. 6.

First noticed and figured by Petiver. Mr. Donovan,
at our suggestion, first gave this species as Helix con-
torta of Linnzeus, with whose minute and exact descrip-
tion it corresponds in every respect. It may be readily
distinguished by its appearance of being gilded, when
occupied by the living animal, and viewed in water.

-> This is rather a local species. Found in ditches

near Lackham, Wilts; in the Isle of Purbeck, near
Wareham, and at Charmouth, Dorset, by Mr. Mon-
tagu; and plentifully at Spetisbury, Dorset, by the
Rev. T. Rackett.

H. testa utrinque umbilicata striata; apertura dilatata.
- Linn. Gmel. p. 3625. |

-Petiver Gaz. t. 92. f. 7.

Muller Verm. 3. p.. 164. n. 350. -> uani
Walker Test. Min. Rar.f.19. io I<
Schrót. Flussconch. t. 5. f. 12. — SERE TT

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 459. Supplem. 4. 25. f. 1.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t, 9.f.18... -
: : Halitat

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 193

Habitat i in fluviis, fossis et napisi ragna Incola gent; tentaculis albis
; oculisque nigris.

Testa diametro i poll., bellucidi, Gorfitk, éd epidetthide brunnea. An-

Sractus 4 teretes, striis longitudinalibus subtilissimis manifestis, trans-

9 versis.
fontana. H. testa compressa, obtuse carinata, hinc umbilicata; -
£ — anfractibus tribus, utrinque convexis; apertura semi- .
ovata.
| Lightfoot in Act. Angl. 76. t. 2. f. 1—4.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 462. t. 6. f. 6.
— Pultener y in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. Jf 19.
_ Habitat in aquis dulcibus. e
Testa diametro vix, poll., pellucida, levis, pid, tai cornei. Similis
Nautilo lacustri, verum superne minus convexa, et absque concame-
rationibus. i r j
First noticed by Mr. Agnew, and described by
- Lightfoot. Found at Bulstrode, Bucks; near Sand-
- wich, Kent, in ditches; near Wareham, Dorset; and
danh Bear Wedhampton, Wilts.
10.

paludosa, H. testa umbilicata, superne convexiuscula; apertura
t 4. f.5. fere orbiculari, marginata ; margine. reflexo; 2
- — Morton. Northampt. p. 417. re wi Ei ee
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 50.” .
| Walker. gu Te Min. Rar. Jf 23. "n dons |

day CHE

pi d: PE OTI

Bs rubu sis seu P aepaldlis.

Lightfoot in Act. Angl. 16. t.3. f. 1—4. Turbo Helicinus.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 441. H. Crenella.

Habitat in paludibus, —À ripis, super folia pude haud in-
irqüdie di d. a well l vog -

you. yl. —— 2c Testa

194 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Racketr’s

Testa diametro-, poll., alba, levis, anfractibus4 torosis. Umbilicus patulus.
Farietas B. anfract. striis, interdum etiam annulis numerosis mietbrina
ceis cincti.

First noticed by Morton, who found it in bogs in
Northamptonshire. Found also by Mr. Agnew, at Dul-
strode, Middlesex ; by Mr. Boys, near Sandwich, Kent;
after a flood, on the banks of the Avon, Wilts, and
in the sand of the Kennet, near Newbury, Berks, by
Mr. Montagu; on dry banks, at Spetisbury, Dorset, by

the Rev. T. Rackett.

Mr. Montagu has remarked, that the variety is seen

with every gradation from slight strie to membrana-
ceous rings; and we have found the plain and the an- -

nulated shells in precisely the same Mibudtious.
Al.

Ericetorum. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, fascia una: vel pluribus,
umbilico ampliato. Linn. Gmel. p. 3632.

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. 13. Conch. t. 18. f. 78.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 85. f. 192. H. albella.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 53. t. 4. f. 8. H. Enea. l
Muller Verm. 2. p. 33. n: 986. = =x
Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 132. f. 1193. a. b.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 47. t. 20. f. 8.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 431. - Supplem. t. 24. f. 2.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 151. f. 2.
Habitat in ericetis aridis, arenosis, seu cretaceis, frequentissima.

Tute poll. lata, + alta, tenuis, subpellucida, levis, alba, subalbida, vel

. lutescens, fascia unica flavescente brunnea in partem superiorem an-
fractus. primi, et per suturam ad apicem excurrente; interdum fasciis
plurimis pallescentibus, interdum tota albida. Spira depressa, fere
plana. Umbilicus ampliatus. Anfractus minores conspicui.

First figured and described by Lister.

-«

-12 cingenda,

12.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 195

cingenda. H. testa umbilicata, subconvexa, UU obtusiore, aper-

L5 f. 6G

13.

virgata.

tura suborbiculari.
Gualt. Test. t. 2. IL
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 85. f. 33. H. zonaria.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 418. Supplem. t. 24. f. 4.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 18. f. 5. |

Habitat ad ora arenosa, supra plantas maritimas, rarissima,

Testa $ poll. lata, 4 poll. alta, levis, subopaca, lutescens ; sursum fasciis
latis, lineis plurimis piceis interruptis, confertis; subtus fascia unica
ciliata. Strie levissime, anfractus transversim et longitudinaliter
excavantes, superficiem lineato-punctatam (oculo armato solum ma-
nifestam) reddunt. Spira picea ad apicem. Umbilicus minimus.

A very local species, found by Mr. Montagu, at Ten-
by, in South Wales; and in abundance at St. Ives, in

Cornwall, by ourselves.

H. testa umbilicata, convexa, alba, fascia fusca ; aper-
- tura suborbiculari.

Lister Conch. t. 59. f. 56.

Petiver Gaz. t. 17. f. 6.

Gualt. Test. t. 3. f. Li.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 85. f. 183. A.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 19. t. A. f. T.

- Schrót. Erdconch. t. 9. f. 22. § 22. a.

Linn. Gmel. p. 36, 40. H. media.

— Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. AT. t. 90. f. 7.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 65. -H. zonaria. ;
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 415. ———— Supplem. t. 24. f. 1.

Habitat in campis arenosis et cretaceis, copiosissima.

Testa diametro 4 poll., subopaca, alba, unica fascia fusca ab apertura per
suturam anfractuum ad apicem conspicua, subtus lineis plurimis fus-
cescentibus vittata. Umbilicus coarctatus, profundus. Labium pur-
purascente-rubrum, albo marginatum,

Varietas «. subalbida, fascia pallida.

2c2 — — Plentiful

R00 — Dr.-Marow's and Mr. RACKETT'S

Plentiful on downs, in Kent, Cambridgeshire, Wilts,
Dorset, Devon, and Cornwall.

This species has been mistaken for H. zonaria ; but
will agree neither with Linn:us's character * depressi-
uscula, " nor with his references:, :

14. cor pese
caperata. H. testa S subcarinata, subdepressa, striata,
: apice nigro. |
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 430. t. 11..f. 11.

. Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. f. 20.
Habitat in sepibus.

Testa ad 4 poll. lata, 4 poll. d subopaca, subalbida ; superne fascia pur-
purascente brunnea, interdum albo interrupta; subtus lineis purpuras-
centé-brunneis, Anfractus striis densis numerosissimis, quibus facil-
lime dignoscitur testa juniore H. virgate. | Labrum tenue.

Testa colore variat, interdum brunnea, albo maculata, fascia alba ad ca-
rinam; interdum cinerea, absque fasciis,

First noticed. by Mr. Doys, who found it in Kent.
Mr. Montagu first gave a figure of it. Found by him
in Wiltshire and Cornwall ; about Stanborough and
Woolcomb, and in the Barrack- Yard of George’s
Square, at Plymouth Dock, Devon; and by ourselves
at Torquay, in that county ; at Spetisbury, Dorset ; and
in the Isle of Portland.
15.
rufescens. H. testa umbilicata, subcarinata, Mp subru-
gosa, apertura semilunari.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. 19. ——— Conch. t. 71. f. A. inf.
Pennant Brit. Zool. 1, 85. f. 1297...
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 80. t. A. f. 6.
Muller Verm. 2. p. 69. n. 258. H. sericea?

Linn. Gmel. -p- 3639. H. Turturum; 4 n Pad oe sericea, ?
Schrot. Erdconch. | 4 2 kA 2A?

Pulteney

‘Montagu Test. Brit. p. 420.

: Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea.- — 197

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. P BIE t. 20. fO:

— Supplem. t.23. f. 2.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 157. "n

Habitat in hortis, sepibus, nemoribus, frequentissima.

Testa diametro 4. poll., tenuis, subdiaphana, rufescens seu spadicea, stris.
numerosis, seu rugis fere obliteratis. -dnfractus 4 vel 5, minime pro-
minentes ; primus. subcarinatus, carina pallescente. Spira nunc de-
pressa, nunc convexior. Labrum marginatum. Umbilicus cylindricus,
perforatus usque ad apicem.

Testc juniores nonnunquam tomentose.

Gmelin has described this species from Lister as
Heliv Turturum, but has added erroneous references.
Helix sericea of Muller and Gmelin, and H. holosericea

of the latter, are also probably the same shell. We

16.

Cantiana.

4s in these so frequent.

have retained Da Costa’s trivial name “ rufescens,”

Which is used by all the English authors.

H. testa umbilicata, substriata, subdepressa; apertura
suborbiculata.

Lister Anim. Angl. p. 196.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 499. ———— Supplem. t. 23. f- 1.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 157. f. 9. H. pallida. .

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. f. 21.

Habitat in pratis et sepibus.

Testa $ poll. lata, dilute rufescens, interdum superne cæruleata; ; precedenti
affinis, magnitudine veró facillime distinguenda, duplo major, tenuior,
umbilico minore, obsolete striata, vix. carinata, interdum fascia pallida..

First noticed by Lister, as brought from Kent. l'ound

also by Mr. Boys, near Sandwich; at Chelsfield, Kent ;.

Ripley, Surrey ; Spetisbury, Dorset; and Alton, Hants,
by the Rev. Thomas Rackett. We have not heard of
its having been found in any other counties, though it

17. nitens.

198
l^

nitens.

uS WE

Dr. Marosw's and Mr. Racxrtt’s

H. testa umbilicata, depressa, pellucida, fulvo-cornea,
substriata ; apertura larga. Linn. Gmel. p. 3633.

Petiver Gaz. t. 93. f. 14.

Gualt. Test. t. 2. f. G.

— Pennant Brit. Zool. n. 194. H. pellucida ?

18.
hispida.

Muller Verm. p. 32. n. 234.

Ström. in Act. Nidros. 3. t. 6. f. 16.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 47. t. 19. f. 22. H. lucida.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 425. H. lucida.

Supplem. t. 23. f. 4.

Habitat in sylvis, et muscosis humidis. Jncola niger.
Testa diametro usque ad } poll., tenuis, glaberrima, lubrica, nitens, cornei

coloris, subtus albescentis. POR striis obliteratis. Umbilicus teres,
profundus. ~

H. testa umbilicata, convexa, hispida, diaphana, anfrac-
tibus quinis, apertura subrotundo-lunata. Linn.

Fauna Suecica, n. 2182. Syst. SR > 1244, n. 675.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3625.

Petiver Gaz. t. 93. f. 13. =
Morton Northampt. p. 416. ?
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 58. t. 5. f. 10.
Muller. Verm. 2. p. 73. n. 268, !
Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 122. f. 1057, 1058.
Schroter Erdconch. t. 2. f. 21.

: Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 47. t. 21. f. 10.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 423.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 151.

Supplem. t. 23. f. 3.

Habitat in pratis humectantibus. — —

Testa diametro 4 poll., cornei coloris convexa, eU. subtus perforata,

pilis raris brevissimis hispida, C ALT. lunari-subrotunda, £n. Suec.
p. 528.) E

—M
-—

A Da Costa

19.
radiata.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 199

Da Costa received it from Wilts, Hants, and Lin-
colnshire. Dr. Pulteney says it is common in Dorset-
shire, in woods, among ‘moss, and in wet and shady
places. We have found it in abundance in wet mea-
dows, at Spetisbury, in that county. It has been found
also by Mr. Montagu, about Tremough-House, near
Penryn, Cornwall; and sparingly in Devonshire and
Wiltshire. It is certainly a local species.

H. testa umbilicata, subcarinata, subdepressa, dense

striata, subtus convexa. = |
Lister Conch. t. 1058. TM bend. P

-Petiver Gaz. t. 31. f. 5.

— Morton Northampt. p. 416..

Gualt. Test. 1. 3. f. Q.
Da Costa Brit. Conch, p. 5T. t. A. 4.15, 16.

Muller Verm. 2. p. 29. n. 231. H. rotundata.

Schrot. Erdconch. t. 2. f. 25.

Linn. Gmel. p.3633. H. rotundata.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 47. t. 20. f. 15, 16.
Montagu Test. Brit..p. 432. Supplem. t. 94. f. 3.

Habitat in hortis, sepibus, nemorosis, 8 Sino putrescente et saxis.

Testa diametro 4 poll., pallide brunnea, fasciis transversis rufis tessulata ;.

— $nterdum pallidé cornea, fasciis vix manifestis ; s/riis. numerosis sub-
tilissimis circumyoluta. | Spira games apice obtusiore. Umbilicus
patulus, teres, profundus. -

Gmelin has described a dient. shell as H. radiata ;
ours is probably his H. rotundata; but we have retained.
the trivial name given to it by Da Costa, in justice to
him as the first describer, and hegiuse it so well charac-
terizes the species..

90. umbili-

r ZOU

90.

Dr. Marox's and Mr. RACKETT's

umbilica- H. testa subconica, subpellucida, striata, anfractibus

fa.

ot.
Trochi-
formis.

quinis teretibus, umbilico ampliore. .

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 434. t. 13. f. 2.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. f. 24.

Habitat subter saxa et tecta imbricata, Incola niger.

Testa diametro 41, poll., fusco-cornea, anfractibus rotundatis, eminentibus,
fere disjunctis, subtiliter striatis. Apertura subrotundo-lunata. Labrum
tenue. Umbilicus adeo profundus, ut anfractus 1 interne usque ad apicem
conspiciendi. Apex obtusior. E:

Distinguitar ab H. radiata, quod omnino fusca, magis convexa, an- -

fractuum suture evidentiores, et strie vix oculo armato discer-
nendz.

First discovered and figured by Mr. Montagu, who
found it on walls, near Tenby, Caermarthenshire ; un-
der loose stones, in Portland ; and on the top of Corfe
Castle, Dorset; also under the tiles of Laycock Abbey,
and ane Hae) Wilts.

H. testa Abiba subconica, lævi; apertura sub-
lunata, transversim Compressa.. ‘Montagu Test. Brit.
p. 421. t. 11. TF: Ele EE

Lister Anim. Angl. p. 123. or =

Act. Angl. n, 105. f. 9.? ioe

Muller Verm. 2. p.19. n. 216.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. . 95.

Halitat super truncos arborum putrescentes, rarior.

ss diametro 4 poll., tenuis, pellucida, cornea, vel rufescens. Anfractus
(sex rotundati, leves, glabri, sutura manifesta. Labruni tenue, in se-

oribus ad angulum inferiorem paululum reflexum, sub umbilicum

- formans, Apex quam maxime roductus. (Montagu.) |

Found : án Wiltshire and Devonshire, RP a et

pou. c o E Free

22.

,

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 201

spinulosa. H. testa subconica, umbilicata; anfractibus 5 convexis, -

annulis membranaceis acutis cinctis, dorso spinuloso-
carinatis ; apertura suborbiculari. Lightfoot in Act.
Angl. 16. p. 166. t. 2. f. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. inf.
Morton Northampt. p. 415.?
Muller Verm. 2. p. 81. n. 279.

. Linn. Gmel. p. 3638. H. aculeata.

43,
Lacuna.

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 133. f. 1209.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 429. t. 11. f. 10. .
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. Í. 23.

Habitat in muscosis, terrestris. .

Testa diametro +1, poll., tenuis, subpellucids brannea, sub epidermide spi-

nulosa.

Found by Mr. Agnew, near Bulstrode, Bucks; at
Lackham, Wilts, and at Kingsbridge, Devon, by Mr.
Montagu; and at Spetisbury, Dorset, by the Rev.
'T. Rackett.

H. testa umbilicata, subglobosa; anfractibus ventri-
cosioribus, levibus; columella sinuata.

Montagu Test. Brit. L^ 428. t. 13; 7 6.
Habitat in mari. E x:
Tun diametro 4 poll., (entis; cilia; ‘pallida cornea. po 4.
4 | ampla, fere orbicularis. Zalrum tenuissimum. Columella
g producta, desinente i in a umbilicum profundum. . Spira fere nulla,
Mucro obtusissimus. Testa Helici ampullacee (Linn.) valde affinis,
Pane rarior, fasciis duabus rufescente-brunneis. Y.
7l'his new and curious species was discovered by Mr.

Montagu, in abundance, near Southampton; and spa- —

- tingly on the Devonshire coast.

94.
Poma tia.

H. testa dinbiledts, subovata, Pb tusa, decolore ; aper-
tura subrotundo-lunata. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2183.

Syst. Nat. p. 1244. n. 677. Linn. Ce: p. 3627.

VOL. VIIL 2 p | Gesner

Dr. Marów's and Mr. RAckETT's-

Gesner Aqu. p. 355.
Aldrov. Exang. 389.

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. L.
Act.. Angl. n. 105. f. 1.
Gualt. Test. t. 1. JE Ax
D’ Argenv. Conch. t. 28. f. 1. -

Geve Conch. t. 29. f.. 339, 340

Hill's Swammerd, t. 4. f. 2. >

Schrot. Erdconch. t. Y. f. 10..

Muller Verm..2. p. 43. n. 243.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 84. f. 198.

Da Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 67. t. À.. f. 14s.
Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 128. f. 1138.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 47..t. 20. fi. 14.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 84.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 405..

-

Conch..t. 48. f. 46.

.. Halitat in-nemoribus et. sepibus.

Testa diametro 2 poll;, subglobosa, sped alba, fasciis tribus vel plirimis..
rubiginosis. Spira subconica. Unlilicus exiguus.

Said to have been introduced by Mr. Howard. into A
Surrey, where it is now common, near. Darking,
Ashted, Chipstead, Meastham, Boxhill, and. Leather-.
bead. It has been found also in Oxfordshire, , Kent.
Wilts, Gloncestershite, and Jusetilüe-

B. testa. subumbilicata; convexa, acuminata ; apertura.
'Suborbiculari, bimarginata, antice. elongata. Linn. .

-~ Fauna Suecica, n. 218. dare Nat. p.. 1245. n.. .680..

Linn. Gmel. p. 3630.

Lister Anim. Angl. T A. — Conch. 156 f. 8.
Act. Angl.. n. 105. ih de

: G eve.

Descriptive Pula of the British Testacea. 203.

Geve Conch. t. 30. f- 354—356.

Seb. Mus. 3. 1. 88. f. 68... S
Pennant Brit. Zool, 4. t. 85. f. 130. |
Da Costa Brit. Conch. pPu»k d
Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 133. f. 1909.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 47. t. 2. f. 6.
Donovan Brit, Shells, t. 136.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 413.

Habitat in sylvis et sepibus. Incola niger.

Testa diametro vix 3 poll., convexiuscula. Color pallide- seu fulvo-casta-
neus, punctis oblongis. fuscis marmorata, fascia solitaria fusca per me-
dium anfractus ; intus castaneus. Labium album, reflexum. Umbilicus
utplurimum vix conspicuus,

A local species, found in Surrey, fade Wilt-
shire, and Dorsetshire; but not common. We have
found it in abundance in Derbyshire.

~

We are unable to add to the brief descriptions of the
following six species in the Testacea Minuta Rariora.

26.
resupina- H. apertura ampla, ovali ; anfractibus apicis resupinatis.
ta. Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 1. f. 24.
: x Testa minuta, cornea, semipellucida, glabra.
"From: sd: very, rare. |
2
us H. globosa, eei a 6 ronki Pie artus subro-
tunda. “Walker Test. Min. Ray; t. 1. f. 25.
Testa minuta, alba, opaca, glabra.
(rom Sandwich; not common.
28.
reticulata. H. unici. ainfrsicinsy: subumbilicata ; apertura rotunda,
- marginata, eleganter reticulata. " alles Test. Min.

Rar. t. 1. f- 26. LAM
. 2p2 | Adams

~

204 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. Rackert’s
Adams Microsc. t. 14. f. 13.

Testa minuta, alba, pellucida.
From Reculver; extremely rare.

29. |
unispira- H. utrinque umbilicata, apertura rotunda, unici an-
lis. fractus. Walker Test. Min. cuf È T: i 2T.
Testa minuta, alba, opaca, glabra.

From Sandwich; not common.
30.
striata. H. striata, apertura subovali, anftactibiis supra dorsa-
libus. Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 1. f. 29.
Adams Micr. t. 14. f. 13.
Testa minuta, viridescente-alba, pellucida.

From Sandwich ; very rare.
3E EA

coarctata. H. anfractibus duobus ; apertura sibrótifida, ad um-

bilicum coarctata. Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 1. f-30.
Testa alba pellucida. An Testa junior?

From Sandwich ; not common.

The following five species a are d from Mr. CERES s spe-
cific characters of minute shells s found. on the coast of

Pembrokeshire.
32. e

tubulata. H. tribus anfractibus longitudinaliter striatis. Adams
in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 67. t.13. f. 35, 36.

Obs.—* Singularis hac in specie ést constructio, nam
testa umbilici loco, tubo marginato qui extra teste
ospericiem extenditur instructa est.

bs | :
variegata. H. testa levi, quatuor metus NE eeniricosiore,
| lineis rubris notatis. Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 67.

Obs.—« Basi im ea e aege meng apertura

margine patentissima.” 5
34. fasciata.

34.
fasciata.

35.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 205

H. testa. lev tribus anfractibus Dime: ventricosiore,
subumbilicata, apertura ampliata. Adams in Act.
Soc. Linn. 5. t. 1. f. 20, 21.

Obs.—“ Testa tenuis pellucida alba, anfractus primus
fasciis tribus purpureis, media lata, lateralibus angustis."

‘nitidissi- H. testa duobus anfractibus subtilissime transverse

ma.

36.

bicolor.

37.

vivipara.

striata. Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 5. t. 1. f. 22—24.
Obs.—** Testa cornea pellucida umbilicata, eximio
nitore facillime distinguenda."

H. testa MW. debus anfractibus vix umbilicata. Adams

in Act. Soc. Linn. 5. t. 1. f. 25, 26, 27. |
Obs.—* Hec species differt a praecedente cui affinis,
quod levis, neque glabra, et intus alba.”

**** Rotundate imperforate.
H. testa imperforata, subovata, obtusa, cornea, cingulis
fuscatis; apertura suborbiculari. Linn. Fauna Suec.
. 1.2185. Syst. Nat. p.1247. n. 690. Linn. Gmel. p. 3646.
Lister Anim. Angl.t.2.f. 18.
- Conch. t. 126. d: 96.; & t. 1055. f 6.
Act. Angl. n. 105. f. 17.

| pion Gaz. t. 99. f. 16.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 81. t. 6. f. 2. . ; ofi

Seb. Mus. 3. t. 38. f. 12.; $5 dni

Gualt. Test. t. 5. f. A. TT

Ginann. Op. Post. t. 1. n 6, 1. TT

Hill's Swammerd. t. 8. f. 5—13.

Knorr Vergn. 5. t. 11. f. À. , !

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 84. bf 132. ; g t. &5i de or: Testa
junior?

Schrot.

38.

Di Wobei and Mr. RAckeTT's

‘Schrét. Flussconch. t. 8. f. 1, 2.; & t. Min. C. f. 6.

‘Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 132. f. 1182, 1183.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 48. t. 17. fo Le

bid. H. compactilis.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. BT.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 386.
Habitat in rivis et lacubus.

“Testa ad 1} poll. longa, A poll. lata, pdituctla;® tenera, ex luteo olivacea,
subtilissime striata. Anfractus teretes, linea triplici livida. Spira ob-

tusa, Apertura ovata, operculo membranaceo.

Plentiful in tlie Thames, and streams communicating -
with that river. Found also in the Stour, Dorset.

nemoralis. H. testa imperforata, subrotunda, levi, diaphana, fasci- `
ata; apertura subrotundo-lunata.. Linn. Fauna Suec.

n. 2186. Syst. Nat. p. 1247. n. 691. Linn. Gmel. p. 3647.

B-

. Da Cost

. Citrina, incarnata seu spadicea, labis fuscis.

Lister Conch. t. 57. f. 54. superior. -

Petiver Gaz. t. 91. $ 9—1.; $ t 92. gd 10. |

Gualt. Test. t. 1. f. Q. sin.

Geve Conch. t. 32. f. 398, 399.; 4 t. 33. f. 496.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. t. 5. f. 1, 2, 8.

Citrina, virescénte lutea, : seu incarnata, fascia unica fusca,

labris fuscis.
Petiver Gaz. t. 91. f. 10. 12.
Seb. Mus. 3. t. 39. f. 13. § 18.
Geve Conch. t. 32. f. 402
Schrot. Erdconch. Ra. F 21.
sta Brit. Conch. t. 5. An 3.

Chemn. Cone, 9. È 133, f. 1198.

Nes

Donovan Brit. Shells, a 15. f. = & qal =

y Citrina,

Xo.

à

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 412.. H. hortensis. -

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 207

Citrina, virescente-lutea, seu incarnata, fasciis plurimis.
fuscis, nunc SES: nunc nos, labris
füscis... 0

Lister Conch. t. 57. f 54. d aor inferiores.

Petiver Gaz. t. 92. f. 9.

Seb. Mus. 3. t. 39. f..12.

Gualt- Testi GC £T

Geve Conch. t. 32. f. 393—891. 4 f- 406—411. ; 4- t, 33.:
fi 419—490.

Hill's Swammerd. p. 70. t. 8. AS

Schröt. Erdconch. t. 1. f. 14—17. & f. 29, 30..

Muller Verm. 2. p. 46. n. 246.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. t..5. f. 4, 5—14, 15..

Born Mus. t. 16. f. 3—8..

Favanne Conch. t. 63. H..

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 183. f. 1196-7.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t..13..fig. tres inf..

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 48. t. 21..

Montagu Test. Brit..p..411..

Structura coloribusque variis omnino eadem. cum præ---
cedentibus. sed. minor, et labro constanter incrassato:
albo. - |

| Lister Anim. TE p.. 117. n. A
| Gualt. Test. t. 1. f. Q. dextr.
|. Geve Conch, t..31. f

Schrét. Erdconch. t. 2. E 27.. |

Muller Verm. p. 52. n. 147. H..hortensis..

Born Mus. p. 385..t. 16. f. 18, 19. . H. hortensis..
Chemn. Conch, 9. t. 133. f. 1199—1201..

Linn. Gmel. p. $649. H. hortensis.

Habitat:

39.

hortensis.

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. 2.

‘Dr. Marow's and Mr. Rack ETT's

- Habitat in sepimentis, et nemoribus, frequentissima.

Testa diametro 1 poll., subrotunda, substriata. . Spira convexa, ‘obtusa.
Apertura latior quam longa. Umbilicus nullus.

H. testa imperforata, subglobosa, lutea; fasciis duatdot
spadiceis, maculis albis ROBES labro candido.
“Linn. Gmel. p. 3631. H. MESE |

E t. 49. f. AT.

^ Act. Angl. n. 105. f. 5.

Oe. Conch. t. 98. f. 11.

Knorr Vergn: 4. t. 27. f. 3

Geve Conch. t. 30. f. 844.

Martin Berl. Mag. 2. t. 2. f. 1T. '

Muller Verm. 2. p. 59: n. 253. |

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 8&. f. 199. -— — —

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 12. t. À. f 1. ,Cochlea vulgaris.

_ Facanne Conch. t. 63. f. D. 2, 9, 4... —
| Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. p. 48. t. 20. f. 1. H. lucorum.
8 — Test. Brit. 2 Aor: = eres:

Habitat in borde septima et eden passim. - 3543 e
Testa diametro ad 14 poll., alba, vel lutea, fasciis 4 spadiceis interruptis,.
tertia latissima, punctis minimis impressis rugosula. Anfractus 4,
- plicis obliteratis. Spira subconica, obtusior. Labium interne dilatatum,
marginatum, candidum. Columella candida.

This species was with propriety named H. hortensis,

= by Pennant, as it is our common garden snail. We have
.. therefore retained his trivial name in preference toGme- .

- lin's aspersa. H. hortensis of Gmelin appears to us to
be ariety of. H. nemoralis, asi

asit differs only in having
thickened margin, : and i is found of all the co-
Jours. that e |

zh. x E

A radi

EC c Md Catalogue of the ~e Testacea. 209

40. -
fusca. it testa leevi, diaphana, apertura lunari, umbilico nul-

lo. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 424. t. 13. f. 1.

Habitat in nemoribus. —

Testa 4 poll. lata, vix 4 poll. alta, rufescente-cornea. Anfractus 5 vel 6,
rugis levissimis. Labrum tenue, paululum reflexum ad angulum in-

- feriorem. |

Testa facie H. rufescentis, sed magis diaphana, minus rugosa, et umbilico

nullo. (Montagu.)

Found by Mr. Boys at Sandwich, and by Mr. Mon-
tagu in Devonshire.

Z1 4 gru ge Turrite.
elegantis- H. testa subulato-turrita, anfractibus oblique sulcatis.
sima. Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 39.
. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 298. t. 10. f. 2.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 179. f. 1. Turbo acutus.

Habitat in mari.

Testa ad 1 poll. longa, sub epidermide brunnea, alba, semipellucida, gla-
berrima, -Anfractus 9—13, sulcis obliquis regularibus zquidistan-
tibus; sutura manifesta. Spira acutissima.

First noticed by Mr. Boys, at Sandwich. Not un-
common in sand, from Falmouth Harbour, Salcomb

Bay, and Ilfracomb. (Mr. Montagu.)

This species is allied to the acuminated Turbines, but
from its aperture must be arranged, like the species
which. follow, among the Helices.

42,
decussata. H. testa subulato-turrita, decussata, apertura utrinque
Ea ^ E
Montagu Test. Brit. p 399. t. 15. f. 7.
Habitat in mari.
Testa y poll. longa, +1; lata, alba, oculo armato decussata; Anfractus 8—
9, parum eminentes, striis longitudinalibus fortioribus regularibus,

transversis minutissimis, Apertura suboyalis, utrinque angustata.
VOL, VIII, 2E TEFA Labrum

210 Dr. Marton’s and Mr. RAcKETT'S

Labrum paululum incrassatum. Labium leviter replicatum. Sutura
tenuissima. | '
Testa forma Helicis polite, sed apertura magis obliqua. (Montagu.)

An elegant and new species, discovered by the late

Mr. Bryer, at Weymouth.

43.
subulata. H. testa subulato-turrita, mdp testaceo-fasciata,

apertura ovata.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 117. Strombiformis glaber.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 172. ie

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. f. 14.

Testa 3. poll. longa, tenuis, subdiaphana, pallidé carnaria, lineis albis et
| testaceis, vel brunneis, spiralibus. Anfractus plani. Apex acutissimus,

First noticed by Da Costa, from Exmouth, in De-
vonshire. Mx Donovan received it from Weymouth.

polita. H. testa turrita, DO BAHOR US glabertena; apertura ova-

ta. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1241. n, 653. Linn. Gmel.
p. 3612. Turbo politus, "S

Borlase Cornu. p. 277. - Soin kae

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 19. fig. sup cas.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 116. "reser ER ibus

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 49. t. 19. f. 15.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 177. Turbo albus.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 398.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa grani hordei magnitudine, albissima, opaca, nitidissima, anfractibus.
linea excavata tenui interstinctis, (Linn.)

First noticed by Borlase ; found on the Western
canik
45.
bifasciata, H. testa oo tas turrita, oblonga, rudi anfrac-
tibus teretiusculis, apertura ovata, | |
Lister eo t -p IR d

Pennant

*

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 211

Pennent Brit. Zool. 4. t. 82. f. 119.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 90. |
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 49. 1.18. f 10.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 18. f. 1. T. fasciatus.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 346. Supplem. t. 22. DE 1.

Halitat in arenosis, supra plantas maritimas.
Testa ad 1 poll. longa, alba. Anfractus fascia fusca interrupta ; TEA
fascia duplici, |

First figured and described by Lister, who had it
from Wales. 'This is a very local species, although
found in great profusion on many parts of the Western
coast; viz. near Whitsand Bay, Cornwall; at Bigberry
Bay, Devon; and at Lullworth Cove, Dicet.

AG.

octona. H. testa subperforata, turrita, hafai 8, apertura
t. 5. f. 10. subrotunda. Linn. pts Nat. p. 1248. n. 698. Linn.
- Gmel. p. 3653.
Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 196. f. 1264.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 49. t. 18. f. 5.

Habitat in subpaludosis.

Testa magnitudine grani secalis, cornea. Umbilicus adeo obsoleté perfora-
tus, ut vix constet utrum vere perforatus dicendus. Apertura fere or-
biculata, (Linn.) :

We insert this species ‘solely on Dr. ‘Pulteney’ s au-

thority. He says, “ I have only found it dead, and in
a bleached state, but otherwise perfect.” T

AT.
octanfrac- H.. testa. imperforata,. turrita, substriata, anfractibus 8,
ta. apertura ovata..

Pennant Brit. Zool. &. t. 86. f. 135. H. octona.

Montagu Test. Brit. t. 11. f. 8.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 18. f. 11.
Habitat in aquis stagnantibus, rarissima.

- Testa 5 poll. longa, 4 lata, sub epidermide WES o An-
2E2 Jractus

212 - Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT’S

fractus planiusculi, gequabiliter decrescentes; linea tenui discreti,
Spira acuta.
This is either a rare, or very local species. It is pro-
bably the shell figured by Pennant for H. octona. Mr.
Montagu has found it between Looe and Fowey, in Corn-
wall. We have procured it from a gravel-pit between
Litchet and Lower Litchet, Dorset ; and it is said to
inhabit a pond at Nine Elms, near Vauxhall, DUN:

48.
Lackham-M. testa subperforata, ETRA T apertura

ensis. subrotundo-lunata, margine reflexo.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 394. t. 11. f. 3.

Habitat in nemoribus humectantibus. Incola pallidus.

Testa 4 poll. longa, + lata, sordide brunnea, cornea vel cinerascens, sub-
pellucida, paululum inflata, leviter rugosa. H. obscure affinis, sed duplo
major, neque tam opaca. Apertur@ margo exterius magis reflexus.

This rare species was discovered by Mr. Montagu ;
and found only in woods, at Lackham, and Bow-Wood,
T
49.
, obscura. H. testa subperforata, ovato-oblongiuscula, impura, an-
£&5f.1l. fractibus 5—7, subrugosis, apertura. subrotundo-lu-
nata, labro candido. Linn. Gmel. p. 3661. n. 141.
Muller Verm. 2. p. 103. n. 302.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 90. Turbo Rupium ?
Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 41.
_Favanne Conch. t. 65. f. F. _
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 391. E sene: 22. f. 5.
Pulteney in | Hutch. Dorset. p tim t. a S z. H. stag-

is Habitat i in iiis, ape eh et fraxini is Siit in dios aridis.
Testa B — sy pingan + lata, opaca, fusca, ventricosa. Anfractus

tund iv helene Seas mn is een

Found

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testaceu. 213

* Found by Mr. Boys at Faversham; by Mr. Montagu
in a moist wood, at Lackham, Wilts, on dry banks, in
Devonshire, and. under stones, on the highest part of
Portland Island ; rand by the Rey. Thomas Rackett in
wits banks, at Spetisbury, Dorset.

+ DOs
du H. testa imperforata, subturrita, anfractibus. 5 vel 6,
5.f.12. parum convexis.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. T.
Petiver Gaz. t. 30. f. T.
Schrot. Erdconch. t. 1. f. 9.
— — Muller Verm. 2. p. 104. n. 303.
—— Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 82. "^ 18.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 87. t. 5. FA 18.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3661.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 21. f. 18.
_. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 390. Mcd. t. 29. f. 6.
Halitat in dumetis humidis, sub ligno putrescente. —Incola niger, tenta-
culis 4 clavatis,
Testa 4 poll. longa, +; lata, pellucida, levis, glaberrima, nitidissima, fulvo
flavescens vel cornea. Apex obtusior. Sutura apparet linea duplex.
Labrum crassiusculum PHP pee cen cro a Apertura
ovata. Umbilicus nullus.
- First described as British by Da Costic hd, with Dr.
Pulteney, conceived it to be H. stagnorum of Linnæus,
i. 697; but it does not sufficiently answer to his charac-
ter rof E Bathe FOE. "to Pateri 8. figure, Op. Subs.
5i. |

- vitrea. H. testi sbeylihidtica, anfractibus 4 rotundatis ; aper-

tura subovali, versus apicem coarctata. Montagu
Test. Brit. p. 321. t. 12. f. 3.

Testa + poll. longa, tenuis, pellucida, glabra, alba. Sutura profunda. Apex

obtusior. Columella manifesta usque ad apicem. -_—
Distinguitur

214 - Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAcKETT'S

Distinguitur a varietate alba T. rubri, quod magis acuminata, vel subcy-
lindrica. Anfractus validiores, et magis obliqui.

Differt a T. striato quod levis, nec apertura marginata. ( Montagu.)
Found by Mr. Montagu, sparingly, at Whitsand Bay,

Cornwall. :

Punctura.H. testa conica, anfractibus 6 globosis, reticulatis,

apertura suborbiculari. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 320.
t. 12, f. 5. Turbo Poigtuta, =

Habitat in mari, rarissima. SA ee

Testa 25 poll. longa, 3h iub f: N Anfractus ope microscopii -

^ videntur punctati, et decussati striis delicatissimis.

A new and elegant species, discovered by Mr. Mon-

tagu, at Whitsand Bay, in Cornwall; and in sand from

Salcomb Bay, Devon.
53.

arenaria. H. testa conica, unfractibus 5 rotonda! decussatis.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 52.?
Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 66. t. 13. f. 33, 34. ?
- Montagu Test. Brit. p. 322. t. 12, f. 4. T. decussatus.
Habitat in mari, rarissima ———
Testa vix } poll. longa, 1 Vix y lata, subpellucida, glabra, alba. Anfractus

striis longitudinalibus. elevatis, et Kapayersis delicatissimis decussati.
Apex vix acutus, Labrum tenue. ;

Testa magis cylindrica, striis longitudinalibus solidioribus, et apertura ma-
. gis ovali quam H, Punctura. « (Montagu.)

Found by Mr. Montagu, i in sand, from Salcomb Bay,
DEVON, =F
54, — HEE Ovate imperforate.
acu H. testa imperforata, ovato-subulata, subangulata,
— apertura ovata, Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2188. Syst.
.. Nat. p. 1249. n. 103. m Gmel. p. 3
"Aide. Tes, 5. Pm. s

Diis. xvni l2. f. 2. — Codd. 183. f 21.:

Petiver

55.

fragilis. I

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea, NS

Petiver Mus. 82. n. 85. s
— Swammerd. Bibl. Nat. t. 9 frd ecrit
s Gualt. Test. t. 5f: La © Oak
D' Argen. Conch. t. 27. nfi i by

s M E
TOW M

Seb. Mus. 3. t. 39. f. 52—53.

E. Ginann. Op. Post. t. 1. f. A. D. C.

Muller Verm. 2. p. 132. . 327.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 86. f. 106.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 93. t. 5. f. 1.

Schrot. Flussconch. t. 7. f. 1—3. t. 11—1min. C. f. 1.

Born Mus. 1.16, 16... sii
| Favanne Conch. t. 61. E 16. 4 293.

Chemn. Conch. Q. E153 f. 1231, 1288. n
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 48. t. 21. f 1.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 51. f. 2. —.—
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 361. t. 16. y: 8.

Halitat in fluviis, fossis, stagnis, et paludibus, passim.

Testa: ad 2 poll. longa, 1 poll. lata, tenera, fragilis, pellucida, omni pictura
caret, sed colore variat, aliis fere atra, aliis cinerea, aliis albida, aliis
subgrisea. Striæ minutissime, anfractuum transverse, seu teste longi-
tüdtoalés, vix oculis nudis conspicue. Anfractus 6 vel 7, primus
turgidus, reliquis simul sumtis sequalis. Spira. acutissima, Apertura

ampla, | labro pend. non page.

H. testa impeHfórkit: *ovato-pubulate, ud Paci,

apertura ovato-oblonga. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 218T.
Syst. Nat. p. 1949. n. 104, Linn. Gne p. 3658.

Act. Ups. 1736. p. 41. n. 24.

. Martin. Berl. Mag. 4. t. 9. f. 35.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 369. t. 16. 2 f

Habitat in aquis dulcibus.

Testa pellucida, longa, sed tam tenera ut vix tactum ferat. m Faun,

T Sue.p.530.) ^ E : :
H. fragilis: appears. to differ but little from H. dág-

nalis,

216 - Dr, Maton’s and Mr, RackzTT's

nalis. The shell figured in Test. Brit. t. 16. f. 7. is cer-
tainly * more slender, and the volutions are more dia-
phanous and turn more oblique" than H, stagnalis ; it
is therefore probably the shell which Linnzus has de-
scribed; but a question may arise, whether it ought to
be considered as a distinct species. -

We have not quoted the whole of the description
given by Linnæus in the Fauna Suecica, on account of
his comparing this. species, from. a Ango ei cren-
cy, with H. nemoralis. —

Found by Mr. Montagu in the canal between Chip-
penham and Laycock, Wilts,

56. |
palustris. H. testa oblonga, anfractibus paululum rotundatis,
t. 5.f.8. apertura ovata.

| Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. 22,
Gualt. Test. t. 5. ene nee cd E
| Seb. Mus. 3. t. 39. f. 39, 40. = s | pee
Ginann. Op. Post. td. f. as E SIG
Muller Verm. 2. p. 131. m. 326.
Pennant Brit. Zool. À. t. 86. Y 136.B.
Schrot. Flussconch. t. 7. f. 9, 10.
Favanne Conch. t. 61. Í- F22.

Linn. Gmel. p. 3658. -

-~ Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 48. t. 18. Tf 18.
ies Test. Brit. p. 373. t. 16. f. 10:
. Donovan Brit. Shells, t. IE. 1. Ede & f. 2.

Conch. t. 124. f. 24. .

| H.fontinalis. ——
à Habitat io fosss eria,

Testa ad 1 poll. longa, 4] tw Color griseus, sub cpidermide fusca, i in a ju-
nioribus brunneus, Striis subtilissimis confertis, i i

S — bus, exarata. H. stagnali affinis, sed minor, minus fragi

"lis, nec apice
subulata,

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 217

_ subulata, nec basi ventricosa. toris minus dilatata, Intus purpu-
4n doe qus vel; hiii unneus. Z4ncoía cinereu .slbido punctatus.
fossaria. H. testa imperforata, . pee oe anfractibus 5 vel 6,
t 5.f-9. rotundatis ; sutura conspicua ; apertura ovata.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 372. t. 16. f. 9. ——
Habitat in fossis et aquis stagnantibus supra limum, haud infrequens.
Testa $ poll. longa, plusquam 4 lata, tenuis, pellucida, nec transverse ru-
gosa, cornei coloris; H. palustri quam maxime affinis, sed vix un-

quam cum illa reperta, duplo minor, ac utplurimum magis attenuata.
Anfractus m totsiiiii Sutura evidentior. 2c: xam minus ob-

aiia

This species app ios shane: kabui -atinguished
by Mr. Montagu. He has found it in many parts of
the kingdom. | 7

58. - B Hio te :
detrita. H. testa conica, alba, lineis transversis rufis; apertura
^5... ovata. Linn. Gmel. p. 3660. n. 139.
Schroter Erdconch. t. 1. f. 1.
Tavanne Conch. t. 65. f. A. 5.
Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 134. f. 1224.1,2. 2
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 49. t. 19. .f. 26;
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 384. t. us - y

. Habitat in stagnis et rivis? rarissima. —
` Testa 4 poll. longa, 3 lata, glabra, poli ta, édipellucids, Miis, vel pallide
cornea, strigis obsoletis, in quibusdam obliteratis. Anfractus 6 minus
_ prominentes. : Apertura. ovata. eee aliquantulum
reflexum, i in subui Apex obtusior.
Found only by Mr. ce in a stream, near Upway,
in Dorsetshire.

__ Dr. Pulteney, who described Aar species in his Dor-
_ setshire Catalogue, doubts whether it be really Helix
osos detrita of Gmelin and Muller. All the specimens are
5 voL. HI. 2r destitute

218

Succinea.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckETT'S

destitute of bands. Chemnitz’s figure represents the
shell, but is cited by Gmelin for Heliz acuta, perhaps
a variety of H. detrita; see Pulteney’s Catalogue,
p. 49. et Montagu Test. Brit. p. 385. :

- This shell has been freq uently sought for, (but with-
out success) in the place whe: the oe a: EU pro-
cured it. — —

H. testa oblonga, fulva, diaphana, anfractibus 3;
apertura ovata. Muller Verm. 2. p. 97. n. 296.
Hill's Swammerd. p. 69. t. 8. f. 4.

Gualt. Test. t. 5. f. H.

Schrót. Erdconch. t. 1. f. 2. |

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 135. f. 1248. :

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 48. t. 18. f. 19. H. inten.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 316. t. 16. J. å. (bene.) H. putris.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 168. "a 1. H. putris.

Mey a pratis kons supra plantas riparias, Incola flavescens, mo

cinereis, tentaculis quatuor. ©

Testa 3. poll. longa, vix } lata, szepius minor, oblonga, gulis, pellucidissi-
ma, membranacea, fragilissima, colore succini flavi. -Anfractus
primus maximus, elongatus, minimé ventricosus. _4pertura plusquam

dimidiam testam longitudine equans. Labrum tenuissimum. Spira
productior. Apex acutus.

Dr. Pulteney first distinguished his species as dif-

ES . ferent from H. putris. It does not agree better yin
the description of H. limosa, “anfractibus quinque."

SMS I

trivial name of suc-

We have therefore retained Muller's.

. inea, who has well defined the shell, and described its

posing this species to

included animal. Gmelin has followed Muller in sup-
be the H. putris of Linnzeus, 2nd
£x has

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 219 |

has retained Linnzeus’s references to Lister, &c. which do
not represent our shell, together with that to Chemnitz,
which figures it exactly. ^ He has also adopted Muller's
description of the animal, which has 4 tentacula. This
would serve to determine the species, but Linnzus has
no where noticed the circumstance, and describes
H. putris as “ obtusa;" and * mucrone obtusiusculo," cha-
racters which do not belong to H. succinea.

putris. H. ipa imperforata, ovata, obtusa, flava; apertura ova-

Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2189. aka Nat. p. 1249.
n 105 Linn. Gmel. pP 3659. . Eius
Tulp. Obs. 210. p. ». 195. t. 201.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. 24. Conch t. 125. J. 23.
| 3 Act. Angl. n. 105. f. 18. oo
Kins Ostr. t. 3. f. 10.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 86. f. 137. |
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 92. t. 5. f. 13. T. trianfractus.
Schrot. Flussconch. t. 6. f 3. d 6.; t. T: A 12. ; f t. min.
ia Montage Test. Brit.. z 373. t. 16. es 3. CH peregra.
— ‘Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 21. f. 13.; 4 t. 19. f. 30.
. Habitat, vulgatissima, in stagnis, fossis, fluviis. Incola subalbidus. — .
- Testa. ad 1 poll. longa, $ lata, tenera, pellucid , strigis minutissimis pa-
rallelis obliquis, flavescens, seu cornea, utplurimum. sub epidermide
— fusca. Anfractus 4, mucrone obtusiusculo. Apertura ampla, mar-
TI “gine tenui, nec dilatato.
t. 5. f8 8. Varietas labro incrassato, albo. 7 |
` The variety is found in a pond pem Whitchurch
and Milbourne, Dorset.
3 FS 361. tentacu-

61.

j Bas een -— Ee wA os
| D Marox's and Mr. Racxert’s

tatica testa s ripeti ovata, dote; impura; apertura

te.

62.

subovata. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2191. Syst. Nat.
p. 1249. n. 707. Linn. Gmel. p. 3662. |

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. 19. pcd. t. 132. f. 32.
` — Act. Angl. n. 102. f. Ti SODIUM

| Petiver Gaz. t. 18. f. 8.

- Gualt. Test. t. 5. f. B.

Muller Verm. 2. p. 185. n. 312. Nerita 1 Jaculator

| Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 86. f. 140.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 91. t. 5. f. 12. Turbo Nucleus.

Schrot. Flussconch. t. T. f. 19—22.

Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 33. pullus.

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 135. f. 1945.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 49. t. 21. £a 12.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 93.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 389.

Habitat in rivis, stagnis, et paludibus, frequens. _ |

Testa 4 poll. lige, hos ondas ibo, set coria, diio, gb An-
fractus 4 vel 5, teretes. -Spira oblongiuscula, 4 NEP. Aper-
tura fere orbicularis, operculo clausa. - $

z =
ex

One of the most common of our British cele watir

species

canalis. Hg. testa conica, anfractibus 5 rotundatis kevibus, co-

Distingui

lumella canaliculata. Montagu Test, Brit. p. 309.
E A2. f. 1. |
Hole io snes. : oere Ta
Testa i poll. longa, 1 lata, pellucida, cornea, 4 4 "m primus magnus.
Apex acutus. Apertura suborbicularis, subangulata.

1 rab Helice tentaculata, et apertura, et columella canaliculata.
REN rarior, fasciis 2 brunneis, :

First

aihicidi Hi testi ial e

ria.

iptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 221
Bites noticed and yess be Me teal plenti-

ta, ovata, obtusa; spira acuta, bre-
vissima ; apertura ampliata. Linn. Fauna Suecica,
n. 2192. Syst. Nat. p. 1250. n. 108. - ien. Gmel.
^ p. 3662.
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 2. f. 23. peepi t 193. f. 22.
Ginann. Op. Post. t. 1. f. 3.
Gualt. Test. t. 5. f. F.

. D’Argenv. Conch. t $1. f T

Geoffr. Test. 3i Lai a

. Muller Verm. 2. p. e. e 392. 5 (on : an d

Murray in Aman. Acad. 8. t. 1. f : ANS
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 86. f. 3388... =
Da Costa Brit. Conch, p. 95. t. 5. f. AT. ^
Schrót. Flussconch. t. 6. f. 4, 5. |
Favanne Conch. t. 61. f. E. 3. & E. 11.
Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 135. f. 1241, 1242.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 49. t. 21. S vd

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 51. J- 1.
Montagu Test.

d rit. P. 375. E = f £o

Sehnite- Erdeonch. t. dem un
|. Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 135. f. 1946, 1947. - a
- Montagu‘ Test. Brit. p. 381. t16. Y H. ` inzag

Habitat in aquis, stagnantibus, et rivis, vulgaris.

Testa 1 poll. longa, } lata, tenuis, fragilis, pellucida, eed alba, seu flaves-
cens, anfractu primo maxime ventricoso seu inflato, minutissime
"transversim striata. Apertura patentissima, labro — margine
- reflexo, Columella uniplicata. '-

. The variety is PET a young shell af this species.
| "The

222 Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RackzTT's

The first volution is less ventricose and thinner, and the
mouth not so patulous, but it has no character to entitle
it to be considered as distinct. It cannot be H. limosa, as
Chemnitz and Gmelin have asserted, since it does not
accord with Linneus’s referent to Gualt. Test. t. 5. f. H.
or with his descriptions of that species in the two edi-
tions of his Fauna Suecica—* Testa. oblongiuscula, an-
T -fractibus quinque, valde tenera et mos |
6A. :
lutea. H. testa imperforata, suboyaif: : apertura Thiha, ovali.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 380. t. 16. f. 6.

Habitat in mari? rarior.

Testa fere 4 poll. longa, plusquam 4 lata, levis, subpellucida, sordidé au-
rantiaca. -Anfractus vix 3, primus amplus.

— Testa H. auricularie B. similis, sed minus tumida, et quamvis minor ma-
gis crassa et solida; hactenus, expers limacis incole, solum ad littora
maris reperta. cord

65.
— me testa ventricosa, dais mucrone obtuso, aper-
o tura ampla. Muller Verm. 2. p. 129. n. 323. Bucci-
num glutinosum. Linn. Gmel. e 3659. es 134.
Schrót. Flussconch. p. 971. n.79 — X-
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 319. t. 16. f. 5.

Habitat, rarior, Nymphee lutec foliis insidens. Limax incola em gela-
tinoso totam testam obvolvens.

= Testa plusquam + poll.longa, 2 lata, tenerrima, fragilissima, flava. Anfrac- —
tus 2 vel 3. Apertura repanda, rotundata. (Gmelin),

First noticed by Mr. Boys; plentiful in the marshes
at Deal. Found also by Mr. Montagu.

66.

levigata. H. testa imperforata, - obita -obtusissima, pellucida

levissima. Linn. Syst. Nat. p 1950. n. Mae Linn.

Gmel. p. umm à oral we didnt Bee

PI

Descriptive baig of the British Téitacen. 299

Point Brit. Zool. 4. 1.86. JF. 139.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. f.17.

. Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 49. t. 18. f ae
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 105.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 382.

Habitat in pelago, rarior.

Testa magnitudine pisi vel duplo major, et interdum diametro 3 poll. te-
nera, fragillima, diaphana, rubescente-alba, vel brunnea, sub epidermide
lutescente. -Anfractus primus maximus, ventricosus, minutissime
transversim striatus, costis obsoletis longitudinalibus, seu ab apice ad:
marginem. Spira obsoleta, apice obtusa. "Apertura fere orbicularis,
patentissima, margine acutissima.

First noticed and figured as British by ‘Pennant.

Found by Mr. Montagu, at Southampton, in Devon-

shire, and at Falmouth, Cornwall; by Mr. Boys, at

Sandwich; and by ourselves, on 1 the beach at Studland,

Dorset.

67. 2, a
Bulloides. H. testa ovata, lzvi, nitida, cornea, fragili, anfractibus.
contrariis, spira brevi. Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 168..
Tae
We are unable to add to this description; as the
specimen received from Lincolnshire by the late

. Duchess of Portland, and engraved by Mr. Donovan,

was accidentally destroyed. He is confident that the

shell was distinct from Bulla Mochrie which the figure
strongly. resembles. ies PESE

"NERITA.
ad Syst. Nat. n. 329..

E r : "c. Umbea,
Canrena, N. testa umbilicata, levi, spira submucronata, umbilico
: a gibbo,

224 < Dr. Marox's and Mr. RAckzTT's

_gibbo, bifido. . Linn. Syst. Nat. p.1251. n. 715. Linn.
Gmel. p. 3669. j EAG

Bonanni Recr. t. 224. 228.

Gualt. Test. t. 67. f. Q. R. S. V. X.

Murray in Aman. Acad. t. 1. f. 23.

Chemn. Conch. f. 1860— 1865. 1868—1871. 1881—1886.

` Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 167. N. intricata.
Halitat in marti.

Testa alba, picta lineis spiralibus interruptis apa, seu maculis
spiraliter digestis, lævis, magnitudine avellanz. Spira parum eminens,
acuta. Apertura hians, edentula. Umbilicus profundus, arcuatus ver-
sus posteriora. (Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. n. 383.)

Mr. Donovan's figure, from a shell found at Wey-

mouth, appears to represent one of the varieties of this
species, which are very numerous.
g |
glaucina. N. testa umbilicata, levi, spira obtusiuscula, umbilico
semiclauso ; labio -gibbo dicolore. Linn, Fauna Suec.
1.2197. Syst. Nat. n.716. p. 1251. Linn. Gmel. p.3671.

Lister Anim. Angl. t. = Jf. 10. o Cong i e 568. f. 19.
Petiver Gaz. t. 93. f. d. ;

Rumph. Mus. t. 22. f. A.

Seb. Mus. 3. t. 39. f. 16.

Gualt. Test. t, 67. f. M. P.

Knorr Vergn. 2. t. 11. f. L; g 6.1. ORANA

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 87. f. 141.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 83. t. 5. f. T. Cochlea Catena.

Pulteney i in Hutch. Dorset. p. 50. t. 21. ^ T-

: an Brit. Shells, t. 20. f- 1. Qu

Montagu Test. Brit. P 469. :

Habitatin pelago. —— — |

Testa diametro 14 poll., levis, apes. convexa, nunc livida vel purpuras-

cens, nunc alba vel cinereo-ceerulescens, obumbrata seepius lituris cæ-
a

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. — 225.

Y rulescentibus aut fuscis fasciata. Sp pim 1 obtusa, submucronata. Aper-
tura grisco-purpurascens. | mbilicus teretiusculus, labii interioris
medio gibboso, crasso, griséo, i exo. (Mus. Lu. Ulr. p. 674.)

Common. on most sandy shores. _

3. |
Mammil- N. testa umbilicata, ovata, glabra, EEA obtecto,
la. apertura ovata. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1252. n. 719.
Linn. Gmel. p. 3672.
Column. Aquat. t. 52. f. ult.
Lister Conch. t. 571. f 22.

DA genv. “Conch. P 10. 0. f. e ouo A an
Seb. Mus. 3. t. 38. f. 9, 10. udo Sox
Knorr Vergn. 6. t. A0. f rs

— Born Mus. p. 399. A on

. Chemn. Conch. 5. & 189. f * |
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 144, N., deme
. Habitat in mari.

Testa magnitudine extimi articuli pollicis, lactea aut lutea, lævis, nitida,

ovato-oblonga. Spira brevis, Hee ve neque obtusa, suturis an-
fractuum subobliteratis. Apertura ov: en ulo, subtus gibbo.
- Umlilicus perforatus, sed fere et æ]

| e PREN obtectus Tabio interiore

peus ut ne do ast appareat. (Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 615.)
rst ascertained to be British by Mr. M‘Leay, who
pe oem on the coat) pel pes in

fluviatilis. N. testa rugosa, labiis edentulis. Linn. Fauna Suecica,
n.2194. Syst. Nat. n. 723. p.1253. Linn. Gmel. p.3010.
Her Anim. Angl. t. 9. f. 20...
Conch. t. 141. f. 38. ; 4t. 607. f. 43, P
Spani GL EIES S = Phe.
VOL. VIII. 2c So derent.

226

5.

Dr. Maton’s and —

D’Argenv. Conch: t. 27. f. 3.?

. Hill's Swammerd. p. 83. t. 10. We 97
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 87. f. 142.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 48. t. 3. p 17, 18.
Schrot. _Flussconch. t. 5. F 53519, 3

: Favanne Conch. £. 61. f. D. 3, 4, 17, 20.

Chemn. Conch. 9. t. 124. Je: 1088.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 50. t. 16. $ Inm. 18.
= Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 46.4516 e |

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 0. ——

Habitat in rivis et fluviis.

Testa 3. poll. longa, 2 lata, subovalis, levis, utplurimum alba, colore nigro,
cinereo, rubro, virescente, reticulatim depicta, maculata vel fasciata.
Spira obtusa. Apertura magnitudine fere teste. Labrum interne
planum, operculo aurantiaco, semiovato. =

First described and paired by Lister. Common in

gentle 1 rivers.

pallidula. N. testa umbilicata, de umbilico profundo MS uc-

6.

tiores i ue

Da Costa Brit. "EC 2. 51. = à. Pas p
. Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 16. f. 1.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 468.

Pulteney in Hutch. Borat: t. 20. ^ 4, 5.

Habitat ad littora, rarior. .

Testa magnitudine pisi, convexa, Ph sub epidermide brunnea. Spira

prominula, Apertura semilunaris, patula.

First described and figured by Da Costa. Found

es sj r ringly i in Kent, and on the Western coast. It has
: = | received a also from. Shetland. -

littoralis. N. testa devi, vaitive. carioso, tabiii edentulis. - Linn.

Suecica, n. Aio. adh Aat, an. i. 124. p. 1253.
Lian Catch | ODE, X

Lister

SO. e
pellucida.

18.
alba.

Deseriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 227

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 3. f. 11, 12,431 55
Conch. t 607. T- S942: Ps 9! S *C3162 3X )

Petiver Gaz. 1. 4. f. 4,5, 6

Gualt. Test. t. A. FAL. D. 055 M. E wih

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 8T. 2E 143. Monast

Da Costa Brit. Conch; P 50. ed af 1s, 14, 35, 16.;
$4.29. 3

Chemn. Conch. 5. t. 185. Y

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset..p. 44. t. 16. f 13, 14, 15, 16.;
§ t. 20. f. 2, 3. Turbo: Nenitaides.. |

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 20. ponia

Montagu Test. Brit. p A67... fo ; ) +

_ Habitat in mari, ad littora, Loves | 18: ae

Testa diametro ad 3. poll., solida, colore, mpi viridi, flavo, rubro, brun-
neo, modis innumeris variegata. -

The variety engraved in 4. 5. E 13. was found near
Castle Sinclair, in the county of Caithness, by Mr.

- Mibeay:

N. testa: laevi, pellücida, . anra bu 3.. A dams i in Act.
Soc. Linn. 3. p. 61. tases

N. testa ler sab pellicle, He at 2. J. Adams in
Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 67. —
"The two last-mentioned Nerite (found by Mr. Adams

on the coast of Pembrokeshire) may prove to be va-

Se

rieties "— of N. glau

-HALIOTIS.
. Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 330.

tubercu- H. testa obovatis doro: Nn Em rugoso tubercu-

lata.

lato. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2198. Syst. Nat. n. E
p. 1250.2 Lut. Gmek p. JOST enum
209 Rondel.

228. Dr. Mavox's and Mr. RAcxETT's

Rondel. Pisc. 5. `
Gesner Aquat. 808. `
Lister Anim. Angl. t. 3. f. 16. a eb t. & 611. J-a.
Rumph. Mus. t. 40. f.- G. H. UNE
Gualt. Test. t. 69. f. I: guid i
-i D Argeno. Conch. t. 3. f. A. |
Lessers Testaceoth. f. 87.
Adans. Seneg. t. 2. f. 1. inf.
— Ginann. Adr. t. 3. f. 27.
Martini Conch. 1. t. 16. f. 148-9.
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 88. f. 144.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 15. t. 2. fl 1,9.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 50. t. 22. f 1, 2.
' Donovan Brit. Shells, EE -
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 413.
Habitat in mari, scopulis adherens.
- Testa subovata, Ruge inter foramina et spiram transversze, undatee tuber-

culis elevatis. Spira elevata ; interna margine decumbente acutissimo.
Foramina 98 elevata, quorum 4 sepius. pervia. (Mus. Lud. Ulr.

BS p.693.) Se Lae cn, «cop Mc: -Foramina numero
variant. E |
Found after storms on | the Western’ and Southern

coasts.

oi hag ep ta. Saati
Linn. Syst. Nat. m. 331.

$ = * Labiatæ; seu labio interno instruct, —
Chinensis. P. testa. integra, subconica, levi, labio laterali. Linn.

Syst Nat. p. 1257. n. 749. Linn. Gaat bg. ae
Lister Conch. t, 546. f, 89.

Bonanni Recr. t. 1. f. 12.. l
Martini Conch. 3. t. 13. f. 121,122, -
Born

2.
vulgata.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 299
Born Mus. p. 414. vign. fie. 000 |

-Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 199. P. albida;

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 489.

Habitat in mari, ostreis adherens.

Testa alba, pellucida, levis, integerrima, latior quam longa. Interne. lå-
bium adglutinatum longitudinaliter, sed oblique, membranaceum, ver-
sus latus flexum, dehiscens a testa. (Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 688.)

First noticed. as British by Col. George, at Penryn,
Cornwall, where it has been also found xem Mr. Mon-
tagu and ae Ayers

P, testa AREE gs 14 absolut. margine di-

latato acuto. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2199. Syst.
Nat. n. 758. p. 1258. Linn, Gmel. p. . 9697.

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 5. f. 40. —— Conch. t. 535. f. 14.

d Gualt. Test. t. 8. f. E
—- Ginann. Adriat. t. 2. f. 17.

Borlase Corno. t. 98. f. 3.
Martini Conch. 1. t. 5. f. 38.

-Knorr Vergn. 6. t. 27. f. 8.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 89. f. 145. $ T 146. P depressa.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 3. t. 1. f. 1,2, 8.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 51. t. 23. » n 2, 8.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 14. ——

Montagu Test. Brit. p. ATES

Habitat in mari, rupibus et saxis adheerens, frequentissima,

Testa interdum 22 poll. longa, 2 lata, 14 a vertice ad basin, nunc co-

- mica, nunc depressa, sordide viridescens, vel fasciis fuscis variegata,
subtus colore testudinis vel flavescente; angulis plurimis elevatis tu-
berculatisque costata. Apex obtusiusculus est, et margini angustiorh
propior, nec in centro. Margo nunc indentatus, nunc integerrimus.

The conic and depressed shells of this species, though

at

. 930

3.

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACcKETT's.

at first sight sufficiently distinct, run into each other so
much that they cannot be considered. as essentially dif-
ferent.

*** Mucronate, vertice acuminato recurvo.

Mitrula. P. testa integra, subconica, iinbricata, vertice recurvato.

4. x

" Lister Conch. t. 544. f. 51.
Klein Ostr. t. 8. f. 11, 12. -
Martini Conch. 1. t. 12. f. = 12.

Linn. Gmel. p. 3108. n. 82.

Favanne Conch, t. 4. f. F. 2.

Pulteney in. Hutch. Dorset. p. 51. t. 22. f. 7. a. P. an-
tiquata.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 485. t. 13. f. 9. P. antiquata.

Habitat in mari, rarissima. - CINES

Testa diametro 4. poll., solida, opaca, lactea. Apertura ovata.

Found after a storm, by Mr. Bryer, at Weymouth.

ungarica. P. testa integra, conico-acuminata, striata; vertice ha-

moso, revoluto. — eh Nat, n. "ina 3259. dir.
Gmel. p. 3109.

Gualt. Test. t. 9. f. v. w.

D' Argenv. Conch. t. 2. f. R.

Borlase Corno. t. 98. f. 4.

Martini Conch. 1. t. 12. f. 107, 108.

Knorr Vergn. 6. t. 16. f. R.

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 90. f. 147.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. t. 1. f. 7. P. Pileus Morionis.

-Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 51. t - 23. A 7.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 91. Pa Ln |

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 486. :

Halitat i in mari, testaceis adherens, rarior —— 0 |
Testa diametro 1 poll., $a vertice ad basin, sub giene pilosa, rubro-
nebulosa, seu carnaria, subtilissime longitüdiusliter striata, interdum
transversim

LAS
militaris,

6.

intorta.

| fut poll. longa, 4. lata, wpe icida,

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 488. t. 13. TA n.

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 231

< transversim plicata, versus marginem rugosa. Intus alba, levis, rosa-
. ceo-erubescens. ec mier crenatus. Vertex prope marginem,
recurvus.

ho noticed as British by Borlase. Found, sparingly
on the Western coast.

P, testa integra, conica, acuminata, striata; vertice ha-
moso, lateraliter recurvo. Linn. Mant. p. 552.

Lister Conch. t. 544. f. 32.

Favanne Conch. 1. p. 538. t. 4. f. B.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p 51. t, 22. f. 7.

Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 171.
Halitat in mari.
Testa similis P. ungarice, magnitudine seminis cannabis, pellucida, tenera,
absque sagen Apex spiraliter PA sed ad alterum latus
. flexus.
First noticed as | British by Dr. Paten Found by
Mr. Bryer at Weymouth, and by Miss Pocock i in Corn-

wall.

P. testa subintegra, ovata ; shag Tunica price. |
alternis minoribus. à. iei oe

Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. -90 f M8;

Born Mus. t. 18. f. 7. ^: Mv iT

Donovan Brit. Shells, t 146.

Halitat in mari, rarissima. Et

extus s nigrescens. EDorsum sulcis
-- plurimis elevatis. - Vertex | recurvus, margini posteriori proximus, sæ-
pius decorticatus, oe

- This species is probably P. intorta of Pennant. Mr.

- Donovan has given an excellent representation of it,

and it has been engraved also in the splendid work of

deser. Born, who supposed it to be Patella pectinata of

Linnzus.

4

lacustris.

— Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RACKETT's

Linnsus. It will not, however, agree with his descrip-
tion * striis rugosis subramosis." Chemnitz has figured the
latter species, which appears to correspond exactly with
the characters above mentioned.

. Found on the Western coast, by Mr. Laskey. (Donovan.)

P. testa integerrima, ovali, membranacea; vertice mu-

cronato, reflexo. Linn. Fauna Suecica, n. 2200. Syst.
Nat. p. 1260. n. 769. Linn. Gmel. p. 3710,

Lister Anim. Angl. t. 9. f. 39. Conch. t. 141. f. 39.

Gualt. Test. t. 4. f. B. B. |

D’ Argenv. Conch. t. 27. f. 1. le 3"* Patelle.

Muller Verm. p. 201. n. 386.

Pennant Brit. Zool. À. n. 149.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 1. t. 2. f. 8.

Schrót. Flussconch. t. 5. f. 1, 2, 3.

- Favanne Conch. 4. 61. f. A. 8,4.

— Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 51 t. 22. f.8.
— Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 147. 3

Montagu Test. Brit. p.382. P. Buviatilis- z

Habitat in fluviis, rivis, stagnis, saxis et plantis aquaticis adhærens ; fre-
quens.

Testa diametro + poll., subdiaphana, fragilis, subalbida, Vertex coarctatus,
margini approximatus. ;

Varietas interdum a vertice striata.

, First figured and described by Lister.
One of Linnzus’s references, Gualt. Test. t. A. f. A. A.

= T répresents the following species, viz. P. oblonga ; but it
| is evident. from his specific. characters, that he meant to

€ ibe Lister’ s shell, Anim. Angl. t. 2; y^ 32., to which
he has. also referred. Gmelin has transferred all the
ynon yAR A thin aa of | Linneeus to bis. own P. flu-

viatilis,

/

8.
oblonga.

Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 51. t. 18. f. 20.; 8t t. 22,"

eat
pellucida.

Descriptive Catalogue of ihe British Testacea. : 233

vidtilis, and has given some references of P. oblonga, to
P. lacustris of Linnzus. If the editor of the Systema
Nature had consulted the Philosophical Transactions,
this confusion would have been avoided, as the distinc-
tions between the two species are pointed out, and
P. oblonga is accurately described by Lightfoot.

P. testa integerrima, oblonga, compressa, membrana-
cea; vertice mucronato, reflexo, obliquo. Lightfoot
in Act. Angl. 76. p. 168. t. 3. f. 1, 2, 3, 5.

Gualt. Test. t. 4: f. A. A.

Muller Verm. 2. p. 199. n. 385. _

Schrót. Flussconch. t. 5. f. &. a.b. ——

fa
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 150.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 484. P. lacustris.

Habitat in rivis, plantis. aquaticis adherens.
Testa + poll. longa, 41, lata, tenerrima, colore corneo, sub epidermide Vis
ridescente. Vertex prope marginem angustierem.

First noticed as English by Lightfoot, who received
it from Beaconsfield, in Buckinghamshire. Found in
ditches, near Deal, by Mr. Boys; at Lackham, and in
the river Avon, Wilts, by Mr. Montagu; and in the

river Stour, Dorset, by the Rev. Thomas Rackett.

ELLE di Integerrime absque vertice mucronato. — :
P. testa integerrima, obovata, gibba, lucida, radiis
quatuor ceruleis. Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 716. p. 1260.
- Linn. Gmel. p. STIT. —
Lister Conch. t. 543. f. 27.

Wallace Orkneys, p. 41.

. Petiver Mus. p. 68. n. 125.

VOL, VIII. | i n A Daril,

%

234

Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAckErTT's

Davil. t. 1. p. 428.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. T. t. 1. f. 5.

Chemn. Conch. 10. t. 168. f. 1620.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 51. t. 23. f. 5.

Teste seniores. Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 159. p. 1259. Linn. Gmel.

*

10.

à Jo
AUS
$^

p. 9697. P. cerulea?
Lister Anim. Angl. App. t. 2. f. 10.
Conch. t. 542. f. 26.
Petiver Gaz. t. 75. Fh.

- Borlase Corn. t. 28. f. 2.
— Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 90. f. 151.

Da Costa Brit. Conch. t. 1. f. 6.

Chemn. Conch. 10. t. 168. f. 1621.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 51. t. 23. f. 6.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 3. f. 1.

Montagu Test. Brit. f acl

Habitat in mari.

Fa ta interdum. diametro 4 aN sal. colore flavescente-brunneo, nunc _

s conica, nunc depressa, radiis cæruleis obsoletis. Mucro obtusior, de-
corticatus.

First figured and described by Lister. | Common on
the Western coast, and among the Western Isles of
Scotland. — .

This shell, so different in shape and appearance un-
der various stages of growth, has been commonly sepa-

rated into two or more species. Dr. Pulteney always
maintained a contrary opinion; and it appears from
the observations of Mr. Montagu, that the gradations

are so regular, that no permanent ne distinction is
to be established. |

CUP bicis Co

È nDe

virginea. P, testa" integerrima, oblongo-orbieulari, snbstrista:

sie verticis

Descriptive Catalogue of. the British Testacea. A 235

-verticis mucrone fere ms . Linn. Gmel.

p. 9711.
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. Tet. 8. f. 1.

Muller Zool, Dan. t. 19. f. 4, 5. Msc et
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 21. f. 2. E d
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 480.

r "en Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 14. f. 11.
ë Habitat in mari, scopulis adherens. 4
s Testa 2 poll. longa, $. lata, levis nec glabra, sub epidermide fusca, subal-
- = bida seu cerulescens, fasciis rubescentibus a vertice ad marginem
- tincta; stris obsoletis concentricis et costis seu radiis vix manifestis. —
Intus alba, seu pallidé purpurascens, Apex obtusus, Margo integer-
rimus.

E First described and figured be Da Costa, who receiv-

a * og ed it from Dorsetshire. Found by Mr. Boys, at Sand-

lc wich and Dover; by Mr. Bryer, at Weymouth ; and by
Mr. Montagu, in Cornwall and Devonshire.

* Lh
k -bimacula- P. testa ovali, convexa, de pibe vertice obsoleto. Mon-
px W' a tagu Test. Brit. p. 482. t. 13. f. 8. : c
T Habitat | in mari.

e.a i Testa + poll. longa, -4 lata, opaca, glabra, fayss, macula oe see
x E. utraque extremitate. Intus flava. - ik
F^ A new species, discovered: by Mr. Montagu,

y a magih, and at Milton Sands, Devon. d
pe " 2d a 4 E ; : *

* 12. i " err Perforatze ped € f Z

Fissura. P. ES ovali, striato-reticulata, vertice recurvo, antice
- fissa. uen: yet. Nat, za: 1261. n. 778. Linn. Gmel.
.— p.9128. e
Lister Con £ 543, f.: 28.

Petiver Gaz. t. 75. f. 2.
Martini Conch. 1. t. 12. f. 109, 110. teg e
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 90. f. 152. — t pado x

212 e

e

E |
236 — Dr. Maton’s and Mr. RAcxzTT'S

Da Costa Brit. Conch. t. 1. f. 4.

Muller Zool. Dan. 1. p. 83. t. 24. - 4,9. ^ *
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 51. t. 23. f. 4.
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 3. f. 2. ^ xs
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 490. e

Habitat i in mari, saxis et testaceis adherens.
Testa 4 poll. longa, $ lata, brunnea cancellata. Vertex &cutiusculus, paua *
lulum reflexus, Moup anterior fissura lineari, crenatus. Intus alba,

Wan

EO 7 s seu 1 carnaria, levis. — Ld
B v First figured byskister. Found on the Kentish and - d
Vues x per coasts; but not common. ü md rag
Graca. P. testa ovata, convexa, margine introrsum crenulato,
vertice perforato. Linn. Syst. Nat. p.1262. n. 380. si
n = Linn. Gmel. p. 3128. "- s &-
Lister Conch. t. 527. f. 2. š * *
" Gualt. Test. t. 9. f. N. | a Es
D' Argenv. Conch. t. 2. f. L. ~ ae n d
: Š i 4
gidans Senp t-f 1... >. $ pas _ s
Martini Conch. 1. t. 11. f. 98. — E i $
Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 89. f. 159,.— = tas s
Da Costa Brit. Conch. t. 3. fe 3. P. ‘Larvaseticual i
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 52. t. 23. f. 3. a
Donovan Brit. Shells, t, 21. Í. 3. P. reticulata. 4$. . 4 e
Habitat in mari, rarior. į -9 »
Testa 3. poll. longa, 4 lata, oblongo-ovata subalbida vel sordide brunnea. m. E
Strüis et costis numerosissimis cancellata. Intus livida, Vertex nom +
centralis, fissura oblonga perforatus. EI"
First figured by Lister; found near nierichs Keats :
and on the Western coasts. oct i

14.
Apertura.P. testa subconica, onsite costata,; vertice per-

forato, recurvo. Montagu Test. Brit. p. 491. t-13. ^ 10.
Habitat it ymari, saxis adherens, rarissima, dide

Tesia

- =
499

| Tae -——
Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 287

e Testa vix 4 poll. longa nec 4p a vertice ad basin, subpellucida, Ji costis
E à .. longitudinalibus, tuberculatis ; sulcis - paucis » cencentricis; intus alba,
i -— glaberrima, Foramen | det ore rope

RES C revolts, ££. °°"

> * $
$ ? ; ets aş = pudor

d 9 3 — Linn. Syst. Nat. n. 332. z ^w
E ae L :

t Dentalis. D. testa viginti-striata, subarčdata, A s, a. h: J

E ce s "s Syst. Nat. p, 1263. n. 785. EC Gmel. n. 356.

da E Rumph. Mus. t. 41. f. 6 A

T vial. deo DR Mis. (19-7719. so M eg A
ve a s * -Montagu Test. Brit. p. 495. D. striatum. | - T

o. eO. ¿ Habitat in mari, rarissimum. ;

Deum * * Testa + poll. longa, alba, tubularis. 4 ry AEA.

e at 4, * Discovered by Mr. Montagu, on 1 the Western coast. -

=

oe Entalis D. testa Et. sabirali boring: levi. Linn. Fauna
Eo è- — Suecica, n. 9201. Syst. Nat. p. joo a n. A Linn.
UR QN ag Ond p 3736.
Sr S preni i Becr. tL i 9.
a rs š
fe * :

Sy uw fBürlae Cork t. 28. aJ b. X os 4c de
= Knorr Vergn. 1. t. 29. f. à |

si Marti Cock. t$. 3:317

Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 90. f. 154.

nui urs E

2588 ^ Dr.Marow's and Mr. RACKETT’S

3:4 irs

co DaCosta Brit. Conch. pi 24. t. 2:f.10. < "o.
Spt ois pini Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 52. t. 22. f. b. - 4 e
coc o ` Donovan Brit. Shells, t. i ee ee p v ;
" — . Montagu Test. Brit. p. 494.. oe 709 dis Es
Halitat in mari. Ne Ws " . -— :
m. ! d Testa teres alba, subulata, cdi: levis, apice. truncata. (Linn. a
- wa AN Mus. La. Utr. p. 697.) bas ba | è So ¢
um. D. testa aisle. ba acuminata, viridi, 5
===- Apicealbo. Linn. Gmel. i SU». 13. c=, r
TS EN B EN 5 ; er Conthet t. 547. f. 1, e notus nF. - *
ae Se © Martini Conch: P t. 1. 7. 5. p.i "o "o vd
ax -. Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 162. D. octangulatum. * ; m
Y . Halitat in mari, elephantino affine, at testa longiore, angustiore. "Apertura n *
* ' Em E m altera angulata, altera angustissima orbiculata. (Gmel. P & 2 s 9 e
«4, $ ; This species, which from Mr. Donovan's description T D
eos A is probably Dentalium striatulum of Gmelin, in a de- M
ioe pauperated state, was discovered by. Miss Pocock, on ce =
; As deed EE of E Gornat all near [clans - 3 a s, y

de.

Montagu est. Bui” 7 yu " ik. Jf >a t
Habitat in pelago.

. Testa vix $ poll. longa, i, lata ad mediam em. quà tumidi “a
alba, glabra. æ acutiusculus, —

$
à ee es — First described and figured by Mr.’ Montagu It It i is s M
5 called Er mariners Hake’ ‘stoothe | AE | * ua

itato; imperfora =

ratum. — | ek.
| Walker M Min. mere fi ‘1s

S

, H hi |
Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 239
. | Habitat in mari, rarius. 5

_ Testa 4. poll. longa, alba, vel cinerea. z ra ro

> 7 Ta . "fato. Apex imperforatus, truncatus rculatus.-

a xr Found by Mr. Boys, at Sandwich and by Mr. Mone.
a. E ` tagu, at Falmouth, |

s "è Trethi: D. testa tereti, arcuata; striis Piatlanbus: densis, c con- £g

š $ * 7
SU De * fertissimis ; apice truncato, imperforato. eo ee

t * = Montagu Test. Brit. p. 491-t.14. f. 10. -= w |

á Habitat in mari, rarissimum. ki
Å- Testa + poll. longa, vel paululum major, kee fred er Miel i

g x , Distipguitus, a tae que. tes magis. uy Gu um an- "HE a A uy
Py 9 ——— g

$* ! td ns cheam emulans.” (Montagw.) —

e ye Fond bui oye Mr. Montages i in sand, fom » Milton,

ETT a "» dee ‘Devonshire. MU E. p o e
ge ' q.s 6 47 M c ^» .

, of ra^ glabrum. D. testa cylipdrica, te tereti, arcuata, , levi, imperforata. slc

re” e. s “Montagu Test. Brit. (4 497. : v 2 mg S

TE ow Ls : "a i * : E:
> Halitat i in mart." we a 4 Jes
+ e ge - Testa vix 1 lin.longa, a, L^ Apertura orbicularis. Apes rotundatus, porem

B s ~ t; submarginatus. (Mom gw) ` 3 A.

AT £f: &
= 3 P E ost

COP am A new Dep found By Mr.

ge * *

` - This genus las been divided y. fe M aie into S50 on ac- at
+ -. .. count of some of the species being unattached to other bodies,
¥ x. andto these. he bas given the appellation of Vermiculum. The
' : Linnean Serpule certainly constitute a very irregular genus, as
they. py extremely, not P E in the structure of the bells but E

D: x gi 3 de also

Q5
" f
LI
x?*
+

&

kd

240 7. Maroy' s and Mr. RacxzrTT's : E

also in the iiion of the contained animal; yet it appeared to

us that, in the present imperfect state of our knowledge respect-

—. ing the latter, and as independence, or the not being affixed to

Ce other. bodies, is not allowed to form of itself a distinctive generic
ee character, in other instances, it was better to adhere to Linnwus’s
a original arrangement. The bottle-shaped. division of Serpule
Hae (which we have denominated Lagenaformes) might be removed
into a. separate genus, with much more ‘propriety - than any of ~ :

Pie. the others, and wit no violation of the Linnean d ethod, for to : '
. that. author tl ley 5 were unknown ; yet even these we prefer leay-
* ing among the Serpule, until opportunities of further iestiga-

tion have been attained. | +

Lh * Spirales. i & p

_ Spirillum.S. testa regulari, spirali, orbiculata, pellucida, uid ac

; bus teretibus, sensimque minoribus. Linn. Fn. Suec. ^^ - Pa

n. 2203. Syst. Nat. n.793. p. 1264. Linn. Gmel. p.3740., e 3

, Plane. Conch. t. 1. "s Be hae | S cz 1 ^.

* "Biens. Adr. StF. ‘

NN a EG Martini Conch. 1. t. 8,80. C. D. L deem Sm 34
E < Pallas ww Act. Petrop. 2. ipe 236. 1. € 2L. E Te”

tec Test. Brit. p- 499.

= f. anfractibus contrariis. wo
T Walker Test. Min. Toa 43,

vol til min iqued pellucida".
manifeste canaliculata ; ; quedque

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 241

2. sigra i Es hee rs
minuta. S. testa regulari, spirali, phis ta; anfractibus tereti-

bus, contrariis. .
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 505. = See
Habitat in mari, Zoophytis et Corallina officinali smashes frequens.
Jat Testa diametro 44 poll.: differt a varietate praecedentis, quod duplo minor,
sordide alba, opaca, transversé rugosa, interdum dorso leviter carinata,.
a S. sinistrorsa, quod minor, neque anfractibus sulcatis.

Discovered by Mr. Montagu.

3.
spirorbis. S. testa regulari, spirali, orbiculata; anfractibus supra
introrsum. . subcanaliculatis,. sensimque | minoribus.
Linn. Fauna. Suecica, n. 9904. Syst. Nat. n. 194.
cp. 13265. Linn. Gmel. p. 3740. eus
Tisi Conch. t. 553. f. 5. aon Pu
‘Petiver Gaz. t. 35. f. 8. é
Gualt. Test. t. 10. f0.
Planc. Conch. 18. n. 3. |
Zinn. It. Weoth. t 170.
Ginann. Adr. 9. t. 1. f. 8.
Baster Opusc. Subsec. 1. t. 9. f. 3. ~
= Pennant Brit. Zool. t. 91. f. 155.
“Da Costa Brit. Co ch. p. 99. t. 2. fa Ip Ow
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 52. t. 22. f. 1.
wan Brit. Shells, t. 9. b 1,2; = "y
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 498.

sooo Habitat in mari, Fucis et Zoophytis adherens.
Testa diametro 4 poll., alba, opaca, levis, subtus plana

First figured by Lister; common.
å,

sranulata.S. testa tereti, spirali, glomerata, . latere superiore sul-
cis tribus elevatis. - ^om Syst. Nat. n. 798. p. 1266.
- Linn. Gmel. p. 3741. *
>O. Fabr. Fn. Groenl. p. 380. n. 375. |
VOR. VIII. ET

ie.
Eo
Mg EXT LE

Adams

249 — Dr. Maron’s and Mr. RAckETT'S

‘ei

Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 3. p. 254. S. sulcata.
© Donovan Brit. Shells, t. YOO: ^
Malla Test. Brit. p. 500.
Habitat in mari, super lapides et testas, -
— Teste magnitudine seminis coriandri confertze, soils sed irregulares,
- (Linn.); albze, opacze, subumbilicatze, Mtem: poll.
ui Round by: Mr. gebe. as xen eoe een
5. :
hetero- S. beta tereti, spirali; anfractibus 2 ugs s sats, cone
rupe ASA eee
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 503.

Habitat in mari, testaceis et schisto adlizerens.

Testa precedenti affinis, sed. duplo minor; sordidé alba, sulcis minus pro-
fundis, supra concava ;. anfractibus contrariis, usque ad apicem conspi-
euis, cum præcedens umbilicum parvum habet. -dpertura orbiculata.

Discovered by Mr. Montagu, in abundance, in.
x Kingsbridge Bay, Devon:.
carinata. S. testa regulari, spirali, anfractu exteriore -Suprà.cari-
nato. Montagu Test. Brit. P- 502.

Habitat inr ‘mari, testaceis adherens. - i
Testa sordidé alba, opaca, medio concava, interdum pervia, s. OUT du-
plo minor, a quad ignoscitur anfractu: to, veluti in S. tri-

queira. Testa semper en SE pode interiores incon-
spicui.. Apertura orbicularis. (Montagu.) |
Discovered by Mr Montagu on the “Devonshire
coast, where it is not uncommon.. xe
7. PE
corrugata. S, testa regulari, spirali, transversim rugosa; umbilicata.
-Montagu Test. Brit. p. 502.. `
Habitat in mari, NA adherens. M VEU
be eie albas g 2 dilata 1 ad basin

| 1o b. is.

a ^ | 8, cornea,

Mares i in Act. fe 5. 5. t. 1. f. 33, 34, 35.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 508. — ` ny me
‘Habitat ad littora Com. Pembroke. (Adams) — ——— —
2 Testa coloris cornei, An — derer iid er |
lucida. .S. festa: tereti, spirali, levissima, vitreo-splendente, a an-
~ fractibus contrariis. - s.

Ellis Zooph. p. 37.
Linn. Gmel. 2 T Soe. Lin S. yitrea.

vitrea. Mafra ssepe disjuncti. Apertura quasi porrecta. Arima!
~ rubrum, capite bimaculato, tentaculis plumosis pallidis. (Montagu.)

Found by Mr. Roy SITONA: on the Kentish and
Western coasts.

10. Bust BI Contorte, PALME

wermicu- S. festa ER. subulata, curvata, iunn. s $m Syst.
laris. — . Nat. p. 1267. n. 805. - Linn. Gmel. ak Aie

Pennant Brit. ee te ‘OL f. ed dc

c ns vin. Hutch. Dorset. p. 58. t. 92. f. 5
: Montagu Test. Brit. » 509.
dh-2 Testa | sin 271 exyanine | Be es j ditlinam carinata,
je pin d d Terelella, tentaculis s ramosis ciliatis coccineo-
miaculatis, proboscide duplici infundibuliformi. (Montagu, p- 508.)
Mm |

reversa. S.testa subcylindrica, pes spirali, irr ogia dpi :

2 SCONE. ou
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 508. g
; 212 Halitat

Testa dinero 4 z lin. ‘alba; a € red peer facie glaberrima .

.

244 . Dr. Marox's and Mr.-RackgTTs ©

Halitat in Ostream opercularem et Cancros, rarior,

“Testa alba, rugis transversis, flexuris varians, nunc lateralibus, nunc sibi
.. invicem oppositis. |

Animal ut in precedente. An species vere distincta?

Found on the Devonshire coast.
12.
triquetra.S, testa radiate V a rique. Linn. T Suec.
` n.2206. Syst. Nat. p.1965. n. 195. Linn. Gmel. p.140.
Ephem. Act. Nat. Curios. 1727. B 315. t. 10,
Gualt. Test. t8 Vf. P. |a
Linn. It. Wgoth. 170.
Ellis Corall. t. 38. f. 2.
.. Martini Conch, 1. t. 3. f. 25. :
— —- Baster: Opusc. Subsec. 1. t. 9. f. CE
` Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. t. 91. f. 157...
Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 20. t. SD
Born Mus. t. 18. f. 14. : $
fugi in Hutch. Dorset. P 52. t 22, £9 o.

` Testa sordidé alba vel pto iei ' opaca. raea EAN variabili, dorso ca-
rinato, interdum lateribus leviter carinatis.

Animal proboscide simplici tubiformi (unde a congeneribus Sopra)
tentacùlis duobus Rc sic ee

13.
tubalavia. £ testa tereti, subulata; extremitate angustiore affixa,

ir. N ontdeu.. at Torcross, Devon.
| 2 44. Seni ilum. |

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 245
* ** Libers,
Mast He a. Subconvolutzg. . |
Seminu-- S. testa regulari, ovali, libera, Ep d ui. d. Nat.
lum. p. 1364. n. 791. - Linn. Gmel. p. #199, *
» Plane. Conch. t. 2. f. 1.?. ©
Gualt. Test. t. 10. f. S.
Martini Conch. 1. t. 3. f. 22. a. b.?
O. Fabr. Fn. Gróenl. p. 316. n. 310.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. f. 1.
Adams in Act. Soc. Linn. 5. t. 1. f. 28, 29, 30. S. ovalis.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 520. Vermiculum intortum.
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. t. 19. 4 31.

Habitat in mari, frequentissima.

Testa diametro 4 poll. alba, opaca, glabra. pani compressa, semi-
lunaris.

First found on the British shores by Mr. Boys.

15.
subrotun- S. testa subrotunda, dorso Eu Walker Test. Min.
da. Rar. t. 1. f. 4. :
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 521.
Habitat in mari, frequens.
Testa diametro 4 lin. alba, opaca, glabra. Apertura T RE mar-
gine flavo. gama An vere distincta a —
16.
oblonga. S. testa oblongo-ovali, subcompressa, hinc sutura uni-
ca longitudinali.
- Montagu Test. Brit.. Pe 522. t. 14. Í: 9. Vermiculum ob-
»longum.- 4-52 4H ; AE

Habitat in mari, rarior, -

Testa vix 4 lin. longa, opaca, glabra. Apertura producta, ovalis, margine
flavo.

. Found by Mr. MOM in sand, from Salcomb Bay,
Devon.

17. bicornis.

246 Dr. Maron‘sictd Mr. Rackett’s `

17.
bicornis, S. testa bicorni, ventricosa. Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 1.
ft 2. § fF. 3.
Adams Micr. t. 14. f. 2. & 3.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. xum Vermiculum ` mcorng, et

V. perforatum.
. Halitat in mari.

— Testa 1 lin. longa, alba, opaca, i |
Found at Sandwich and Reculver, by Mr. Boys.

We may be permitted to express our doubts whether
the four last Serpule ought not to be considered rather
as varieties than as distinct species. "Their form is very -
irregular and variable ; and it is scarcely possible to give

any permanent characters by which they may be satis-

factorily discriminated.
18.

incurvata.S. testæ extremitate posteriore involuta, anfractibus
tribus contiguis. - |
Walkér Test. Min. Rar. Zi. ECT
Adams Microsc. t. 14. f. 7. z:
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 518. Vermiculum incurvatum.
B. Walker Test. Min. Rar. HIA

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 508. Vermiculum parvum.

Habitat in mari, rarior.

Testa vix 1 lin. longa, alba, semipellücida, levis,
Varietds B. anfractu unico aperto.

= Found on the Kentish coast.

19; — b. Lagenzformes. —
lactea. S. testa ovali, tenui, compressiore, venis lacters.
~ Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. Lf 5.
Adams Micr. t. 14. S. 4. mum
: Montagu Test. Brit. p. 522. Vermiculum lcteum.

Habitat

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 247

Habitat in mari, rarior.
Testa 14 lin. longa, pellucida, =- aga br pt M ot
Found at Sandwich, by Mr. Hoye: and. on | the De-
vonshire coast, by Mr. Montagu. —
P 20. Ta bit 3)
margina- S. testa compressa, marginata, coll fere. nullo.
ta. Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 1. f. 7. —
es Montagu Test. Brit. p. 524. Vermiculum marginatum.
Habitat in mari.
Testa minuta, alba, pellucida, shits:
.. Found at Reculver, Kent, by Mr. PO a and on the
Devonshire coast, by Mr. Montagu. = a
9 L. = ;
globosa. S. testa globosa, levi, collo fere ullo.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 1. f. 8.
Montagu Test.. Brit. p. 523. _Vermiculum globosum.
_ Habitat in mari, rarissima. |
Testa minuta, alba, pellucida.
Found at Sandwich, by Mr. Boys.
00. "
levis: S. testa oblonga, levi, collo | productiore. "
Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 1. F 9. LM ces T.
` Montagu Test. Brit. p. 524. Vermiculum leve.
Habitat in mari, rarissima. fu 3
Testa minuta, vitrea. An varietas precedentis? :
Found at Sandwich; by, Mr. Boys:
23.
_squamosa.S. testa subglobosa, : squamosa, mA fest nullo.

Montagu Test. Brit. p. 526. t. 14. ef 2.
. Halitat in man.
Testa alba, minuta.

Found at Seasalter, Kent! E.
24. perlucida.

24.

Bn Maros's ond Mr. RAcKETT's

perlucida. S. testa levi, costis sex — te equidistan-

2 5. .

striata.

26.
retorta.

27.
- Urne.

tibus.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 525, t. 14. f. 3. Neinniculum per-
lucidum.
Habitat in mari. ! t
Testa vix 44 poll. longa, alba, pellucida, glabra, lagenam vere zmulans.
Apertura angustissima. Follum productum, subcylingsicum. (Mon-
tagu.) :
Found at Seasalter, Kent, by Mr. Boys. x

S. testa striis plurimis longitudinalibus, collo producto.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 1. f. 6.
Adams Mier. t. 14. f. 5... .
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 523. Vermiculum statum.
Habitat in mari, rarior. -
Testa minuta, alba, pellucida, glabra. Apertura orbicularis.

Found by Mr. Boys, on the Kentish coast; and by
Mr. Montagu, on the shores of Devonshire.

S. testa rotunda, marginata, cervice curvatim exserta.
Walker Test. Min. Rar. t. 1. f. 10.

Montagu Test: nuc 2 sa "Vermiculur retortum.
Habitat in man. ^:

Testa — sipas pe

. S. testa aracimi b Prbas?

Montagu Test. rt p 925» t. 1A. d: L
- Habitat in mari. ;

Testa vix 1 lin. bigs, XE. im; nip tubercolo ad | hin:
Apex conicus. (Montagu.)

Found i in pand, from Shepey Island, by Mr. Boys.

TEREDO.

4

Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea. 249
Bue od TB WD O DUREE aL

i Linn. Syst. Nat. n. S34.
ii i
navalis. T. testa tenuissima, cylindrica, levi. Linn, Syst Nat. —
p. 1267. n. 807. Linn. Gmel. p. ‘STAT. d |
Vallisn. Op. Fis.-Med. 2. t. 4.
Sellii Hist. Nat. Tered. å. t. 1
Planc. Conch. 17. n. 2
Adans. Seneg. t. 19. € l
Martini Conch. 1. t. Eq HH
Pennant Brit. Zool. 4. n. 160. ae T
... Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 21. Serpula baëa
Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset. p. 53. t. 18. Ag 21.
Montagu Test. Brit. p. 527. =
Donovan Brit. Shells, t. 145.
— Home i in Act. Angl. 1806. t. 19, 13.
Habitat intra lignum. navium et palorum marinorum; balatattes navium
ex Indiis in Europam propagata. (Linn.)

Testa 4—6 poll., vel magis Ae den bern ed TY nunc ig
nunc minus obtusa. ET.

wet n far ioalieent door of Lin-
næus as to exclude from this descriptive catalogue of the British
Testacea the genus Sabella. The animals included under that |
genus have for their coverings particles of sand agglutinated
on the external membrane, and resemble rather the larve
of certain ‘insects, ‘than the testaceous Vermes. The latter
form their calcareous integuments entirely from the secretions
of their own surfaces, and are attached to these by cartilaginous |
processes, so as to render é' them essential and indispensable
2K 1, du PAG

250 Descriptive Catalogue of the British Testacea.

parts of their structure. The coverings of the Sabelle seem
to be more of an adventitious nature, and may be considered
rather as serving the purposes of habitations, than as being
organized integrals of the contained animal.—If these ideas
be correct, the genus Sabella does not come within our pro-
vincei

CHI Sese

Linn. Trans. Yurtaub. 20.2.337.

PI

Linn Trans. VA. Jah Lp. 250.

Linn, Thins, TH tab, 2 p. 250.

Linn Trans. Vil tub, à p.250.

Linn. Trans Vill. Tab. 4.p.250.

3

Zinn Trans Vill, tab. IP. 250.

3

IIT. Some Account of the Pitchslake in the Island of Trinidad,
in two Letters : The first from Samuel Span, Esq.to James Tobin,
Esq. F., L. S.; and the other from Mr. Tobin to Charles Hatchett,
Esq. F. R.S. & L.S. ; with Observations by Mr. Hatchett.

Read April 17, 1804.

St. Vincent, April 2, 1801.

DEAR SIR,
SINCE my last of the 10th ult. I have been down to Trinidad, where
I devoted one day to the pitch-lake, to procure from thence the
different specimens you wished for. They are on board the
Union-Island, and I hope will arrive safe, and in good order.
I have packed them in two barrels, and delivered them to the
care of the captain for you.. The first consists of pebbles pick-
ed up from the landing-place on the beach, and pieces broken
from the rocks on the sea-coast, partly below the surface of the
.sea, and partly from the same rocks above high-water mark ; but
the whole appears to be of. the same nature with that of the lake.
The other barrel contains, in separate parcels—a kind of pitch-
cinder, which is found in great abundance on the borders of the
lake—firm pitch from one side of the lake—pitch from the body
of the lake—and pitch taken from the crater of a tumulus rising
about two feet above the level of the ground around it, and di-
stant from the lake about a hundred yards: this last is by
much the freshest, and indeed appeared but just thrown up, and
consists of about half of the whole quantity in this spot, e
| 2K 2 | z

252 -~ Mr. Span’s Account of the Pitch-lake

the ground witiin the crater. This lake is situated about a mile
from the gulf, on an eminence, as I conceive, of from eighty
to one hundred feet above the level of the sea. It is surrounded
on all sides by high woods, except where it has been cleared for
the cultivation of the sugar-cane; and in those places the soil
has universally proved very fertile. It is the highest land in that
quarter of the island. The lake is about a mile across, inter-
sected every where by streams of pure, clear water, which abound
with small fish. In many places, even in the centre of the lake, on
the solid pitch, are spots having the appearance of so many
islands, on which grow plants and shrubs of various kinds:
among the rest is the wild pine-apple, or the pine in its natural
state, in great abundance. Of this latter I have sent home a few
plants to Mr. Edwards, who desired me, previous to my de-
parture, to procure and forward him different kinds of pine
plants from these islands. The banks of the rivulets are semi-
circular, thus terminating at bottom in a crevice.
The water aopn M of various depths, from two to ten feet;
and the channels are continually fluctuating: one of eight
or ten feet to-day, may tomorrow be entirely closed up, and
others formed where yesterday was a solid mass of pitch. From
this it appears, that the pitch itself is supported by a lake of
water underneath ; but what the thickness or substance of the
pitch may be, I can form no idea of. It has, however, evident-
ly been the effect of subterraneous fire. I have been informed
that the country on the sea-coast to windward of the lake
abounds with coal; but I could not collect any | information how |
far these veins extend towards the lake; nor have I ever seen any -
specimens of this coal. |
Dr. Anderson, the superintendant of tlie. botanical garden i in

Bt. Vincent, who accompanied me on this expec lition, wrote an.

account

*

in the Island of Trinidad. 233

account of this lake about twelve years ago, which was soon
afterwards printed: I do not recollect how it made its appearance,
but I think it was in the European Magazine :—it is, I believe,
the only account of it ever published. j

To make use of this pitch, it is necessary to boil it down with
one tenth of oil or tallow.

I remain, dear sir, &c. &c.

: S. SPAN.
To James Tobin, Esq.
Bristol,
m i
l Bristol, Dec. 14, 1801:
DEAR SIR, - |

"Tur foregoing is a copy of a letter which I have received
from an intelligent friend who has lately made a considerable
purchase in the island of Trinidad. It may serve to furnish you
with a tolerable idea of the very singular spot, known by the English
inhabitants of that large and valuable island by the name of the
Pitch-lake. Ihave accompanied this letter with some pieces of
the mineral bitumen mentioned in it: they are not, however,
the identical specimens theréin alluded to (which unfortunately
fell into the hands of the Spaniards, by the capture of the ship
they were on board of), but others, which Mr. Span. collected at
the same time, although he did not take the same pains to discri-
minate them. I have been more immediately induced to trouble
you with this communication, as it appears from your very in-
teresting paper in the 4th volume of the Linnean Transactions, .
that you have bestowed a more than ordinary attention on this |
particular branch of mineralogy. -

I do not feel myself by any means qualified to enter ‘the Tate i

with those naturalists who consider all bituminous substances as
" originating

254 Mr. Towin’s Account of the Pitch-loke

originating from organized bodies, once possessed of animal or
vegetable life; yet I have no doubt, bút the discovery of such
an extensive mass of bituminous matter existing in one of our
own colonies, situated so near the equator, will contribute, in
due time, to throw much additional light on a question of much
importance in the natural history of our globe.

From subsequent intelligence which I have procured c on the
subject, I learn—that this lake (as it is called) is about three or
four miles in circumference—that the water which intersects it
sometimes forms small pools, as well as rills—that the immediate `
substratum of all the lands around it, to an unascertained di-
stance, consists of the same bituminous substances, with a co-
vering of from two to four feet thick, of good vegetable mould
—that this bitumen runs under its coat of earth, from the bor-
ders of. the lake to the sea, which in some places is above half a
mile, and extends to an unknown distance under the ocean—
that the cliffs forming the shore of this part of the gulf, which —
in some places appear i in abrupt precipices, from fifty to a hun-
dred feet high, are composed entirely of this bituminous mineral,
in ahard, compact state, but covered with a stratum of earth
unequally thick—that, notwithstanding the general opinion of
the country gives a volcanic origin to this immense body of. bi-
tuminous matter, no symptoms of heat are perceptible in any
part of the lake ; not even in the hollows of the small tumuli
(nere | erly | called craters), where this substance seems: to have
ect tly thrown up: nor does there appear to be any thing.
like scorive, or cinders, among: the specimens. which 1 have
hitherto received, Eye |

Undera an idea that this ‘information, defect. a it sm may

prove acceptable to y you, 1 until a regular and | quiet. peer BP -

this newly acquired i laud

will furnish better opportunities to fu-
-oo

in the Island of Trinidad. 255

ture naturalists of examining so remarkable and interesting a
place, with proper leisure and attention,

I remain, dearsir, your most obedient servant,
P J. Tonrx.
Charles Hatchett, Esq. ae

Observations by Mr. Hatchett.

From the BRE letters, as well as from the account pub-
lished by Dr. Anderson in the Philosophical Transactions for
1789, we learn, that the lake of bitumen in the island of Trini-
dad. (known by the name of the Pitch- or Tar-lake, and called
by the French: La Bray) is of considerable extent, and of an
unknown depth *. Moreover, it appears that the general mass
which forms this lake has been hitherto considered as simple bi-
tumen more or less indurated. Dr. Anderson, however, observes,
that he “ could make no impression on its surface without an
axe, although at the depth of a foot he found it a little softer,
with an oily appearance, in small cells." This degree of hard-
ness certainly seems much more considerable than that of the
unmixed indurated bitumens, and naturally leads toa suspicion,
that the greater part of the bituminous mass in Trinidad is not
(as has been supposed) simple mineral pitch | or asphaltum.

Upon examining the specimens which Mr. Tobin had obliging-
: ly sent to me, I found many of them very hard and difficult to
- break; and when broken, they did not exhibit the lustre nor the
conchoidal fracture of the simple bitumens. "The remaining spe-
| cimens also, although easily broken, possessed still less of. the
— —- # Philosophical Transactions, 1789, p. 67. t Ibid. di. 3b

| puse

=

256 Mr. Harcuertr’s Observations on the Pitch-lake

pure bituminous characters ; for their fracture was earthy, and
resembled some of the softer kinds of argillo-ferruginous stones. -

The specific gravity, likewise, of these specimens is much su- .
perior to that of the unmixed bitumens: two examples will
be sufficient :—the specific gravity of the solid dark brown com-
pact bitumen from Trinidad is 1,744, at temperature 65? of Fah-
renheit, and that of one of the pale brown earthy specimens is
1,236 ;—on the contrary, the specific gravity of asphaltum is
from 1,023, to 1,104, or 1,165: so that between the first sort
and asphaltum (if we take 1,104 for the specific gravity) the.
difference is ,640; and between the second sort and asphaltum,
the difference is ,232.

But even few of the mixed or impure bitumens are of so great -
a specific gravity; for that of the heaviest of the coals noticed -
by Mr. Kirwan is 1,426*:—he mentions indeed a spurious coal,
the specific gravity of which, he says, is from 1,500 to 1,600, and.
also a specimen of maltha of the specific gravity of 2,070: but
this, from his own account, evidently is a limestone impregnated
with bitumen; for a specimen examined by him only yielded
14 per cent. of bitumen, the remainder being “ calcareous. .
stone T."

The extraordinary hardness, the specific gravity, and in some
measure the general external characters of the specimens which
I had received from Mr. Tobin, induced me therefore to believe,
that they did not merely consist of mineral pitch, or asphaltum ;
not but that I had seen others sent from Trinidad, which com-
pletely exhibited the various gradations from petroleum to as-|
phaltum ; but the characters of the specimens in question were -
different, and t therefore subjected them to a chemjaak examina- -

tion. now 3 ide 1 ERIT Ce
* Benea of MD voli p.59. — 4 - Di. RS p. 46.
| E ' When

` in the Island of Trinidad. 257.

When the dark-brown compact sort was distilled until the
bulb. of the retort was red. hot, the 4 retained th
figure ;—the same also took place ifa a. piece was. kept i in a red

heat for some time in an open crucible. 250 grains of the original

< substance thus lost 81 grains, — 32,40 per cent., the greatest part of

which was bitumen; and when the pale-brown earthy sort was sub-

_ jected to the same process, the loss on 250 grains was 91, — 36,40 -

« per cent.;—so that the first left a residuum of 169 grains, and the

second 159 grains. This residuum, or stone, was spongy, and

easily broken ;—in an open fire it assumed an. ochraceous ap-

-+ pearance, but was. internally | ian in consequence of the coal

resulting. from the decomposed bitumen. "The stone. in. me
cases was similar, excepting that the first sort was. imas

E TW «100: parts: of it: afforded. —— «it omms Ant 15

: Silica eas E qii UE do eis Soh gleia
Po Un qoe Live Mic UR ivt
$ ` Oxide OF lom NTN moe" LAG

m Carbonaceous matter, a estimation,

- did not, however, repeat the analysis, and ther
Bet cus o pror of the oo eer a oxide ofi iron as

ith bi: jen i is totally
Pur such-like. sub- x
HE stances, nich tae peen festa rare’ noticed. z^ V M
2 The true external characters of this stone must, howevei
remain in some. degree. uncertain, until specimens can be pro-
; cured which PUEDE: are unmixed with bitumen, or at least : are

cUVOL. VIII. s du sil "y m cvba sud a= = only

258 Mr. HaTcuzrTT's Observations on the Pitch-lake

only partially impregnated with it: but, as a conjecture, I shall
venture to say, that I suspect it to be of the nature of the
stone which is found with bitumen in Auvergne, and which is
called by Born “a grayish compact lava *."

The analysis of the stone of Trinidad which remains after the
separation of the bitumen, accords with the prevalent soil of the
island; for Dr. Anderson states that * the soil in general, for
some distance round La Bray, is cinders and burned earths ; and
where not so, it is a strong argillaceous soil." p. 69. In the latter
part of the same page he also says, “ From every examination I
have made, I find the whole island formed of an argillaceous
earth, either in its primitive state, (by which he probably means
common clay,) or under its different metamorphoses. ‘The bases
of the mountains are composed of Schistus argillaceus and Tal-
cum lithomargo." In almost all the species of the argillaceous
genus, silica is known to predominate; and the stone impregnated
with bitumen, which has been mentioned, evidently appertains
to that genus, so asin some measure to approach the nature,
but not the texture, of the bituminous slates. It is, however,
remarkable, that in the more compact specimens of this sub-
stance the bitumen so completely disguises the character of the
stone, that it may easily be, and indeed has been taken for a va-
.riety of asphaltum.

Ihave already stated, that I have seen specimens from Trini-
dad which exhibited the various gradations of petroleum into
real asphaltum ; and from Dr. Andersons account, the liquid
bitumen: or petroleum i is occasionally found: But this, as well -

* Cube. de la Collection des Fossiles de Mademoiselle de Raab, tome i li. p. 77-
+ Besides this place (La Bray) where it is found in this solid state, it is found

liquid in many parts of the woods; and at the distance of twenty miles from this, about

` two inches thick, in round boles of Hiree. or four inches. quunt and often at cracks or
coim Tents.

in the Island of Trinidad. 259

as the asphaltum, most probably occurs only in certain fissures
and cavities; for, from the specimens noticed in the present pa-
per, there is great reason to believe that a considerable part of
that mass in Trinidad, which has been hitherto supposed to be
pure mineral pitch or asphaltum, is in reality only a porous stone
of the argillaceous genus, much impregnated with bitumen *.

rents. This is constantly liquid, and smells stronger of tar than when indurated, and
adheres strongly to any thing it touches; grease is the only thing that will divest the
hands of it." Philosophical Transactions, 1789, p. 68.

* Having acquainted Mr. Tobin with the result of my experiments, that gentleman
in his answer. observes, “ I have indeed lately had reason to suppose that it could not
be a perfect bitumen, from having been assured that it is made use of as a material

Sor pavements, and that it Lears exposure to the heat of a tropical sun,”
ET

2712 3 | IV. Description.

a

IV. Description of a new Species of Lichen. By Dawson T ihr er,
Esq. F. R.S. A.S. and L.S.

Read A pril 17, 1804.

' LICHEN PHÆOCEPHALUS.
Licuen crustå e granuloså sub-foliaceá fuscescente; bacillis ni-

` gris; tuberculis rufo-fuscis, margine luteo-albicante,, ;

v es

E [ w Tan. VI. Fig. 1... F3
Innascitur horreorum- assibus apud Bruisyard in $
Lakenham in Norfolcià. —— i

juffolcià, et

Crusta latè effusa, crassiuscula, e granulis sub-gelatinosis, satis
inagnis, incisis, folia'simi lantibus, madore diluté viridi-fuscis,
- siccitate nigricantibus, dens congestis constans ; bacilla nigra,
lineam fere alta, crusta , aut ne vix superantia, apice in
tuberculum sub-rotundum, pulvere rufo-fusco repletum, et
margine tenuissimo, albicante, vel luteolo cinctum, tumes-
centia. Tuberculorum pulveris marginisque color in siccis
madidisque idem.

I should not trouble tl eL m nean Society with a description
and figure of this single lic len, were it not for its close affinity
to L. chrysocephalus, which I described in a former paper*. I re-
garded that species as an interesting addition to. our Lichenogra-
phia; but the present, whici 1 I have since been fortunate enough
to find in two places, is still 1 nore interesting, on account of the

singular nature of its crust. - In this respect it essentially differs

* Linn. Trans, + vol. vii. p.88, Eu m -
d pl ee from

X.

Z
in
ae.
Zhen.s.
VT.
fa^
6.
», JD.
. 26
"d

Mr. 'l'ugNzEn's Description of a new Species of Lichen. 261°
d

from every other individual of the tribe, called by Acharius Ca-
licium, and seems to afford an intermediate link between these
and the very numerous but widely removed varieties of Lichen
pyvidatus.. Tam acquainted with no species with which there is
. a possibility of its being confounded. It grows on the sides of

old barns, in large patches, conspicuous to the naked eye at a -
distance, only from their black, almost sooty appearance, so that.
it may easily be passed by as Lichen niger or wmbrinus. The
peduncles hardly elevate themselves above the crust; the pow-
. der with which the tubercles are filled is of a particularly dull
though pleasing colour; but their thin, beautifully pale yellow,
or whitish margin will not fail to attract attention as soon as the
plant is carefully observed. However it may perplex the builder
of a system, it is highly pleasing, as well as curious, to observe
the gradations of Nature from the Calicium sessile, which, having
no crust of its own, attaches itself to other species, and when
found on Lichen pertusus forms the Lichen gelasinatus of Wither-
ing, to the present species, which, from its fruit, must necessa-
rily be placed in the same subdivision, but at the same time is, in
point of crust, almost sufficiently removed to require its. being
arranged in a different genus. 'The real observer of Nature, who
studies her in the open air, must be prepared at every step to
meet with difficulties of this kind, which are unknown indeed to
him who frames theories only in his closet, but which, at the
same time that they convince him of his ignorance, impress upon
his mind the most sublime ideas of the wonders of the creation,
. and lead him necessarily to the true object of natural history—the _
adoration of his Maker in the works. of His Hand. e

Yarmouth, March 31, 1804.

V, Account -

( 362.)

Y. Account of crystallized Owalic Acid produced from the Boletus |
~ sulphureus. By Robert Scott, M.D. of Dublin. .. Communicated
^y Dawson Turner, Esq. F.R.S. A.S. and L. S..

Read May 1, 1804.

I MET with the S Boles sulphireus abit the middi al [Aug
in a young state, growing on the trunks of old decaying cherry .
trees. Having preserved a specimen, l after some time found a
singular crystallization on the upper surface; and which may be —
observed to have ruptured the investing coats of that surface.
‘These needle-like crystals were formed on the fungus, in con-
sequence of its drying only, as none were observable while. it
remained on the tree. ‘That they are pure-oxalic acid, or at least
combined with a. very small portion of - "vegetable fixed alkali, is
arido from the taste, and by the tests of solutions of- lime and
barytes. The fungus, after being freed from. the saline matter,
- was distilled in an earthen retort, during which a quantity of
watery fluid came over—a thick tar-like extractive matter—car-
bonic acid gas—carbonated hydrogenous gas—and lastly, hy-
drogenous gas. It was not observed whether azotic gas was
- among the first. products ; but it probably was, as the watery
| fluid "which came over in distillation contained- ammonia, which
appeared by. the odour:and the fumes that were exhibited on -
= Bolding a paper moistened with diluted muriatic acid over a mix-
ture of the former with quick lime. The coaly residuum, when:

burnt in the open ain, afforded by li xiviätion some “vegetable
fixed alkali. . Sx =

. That

Account of Ozalic. Acid produced from a Boletus | 25 —

-

"That the oxalic acid is produced or evolved i in the course. of.

that P» — fonnd i in many of the ‘fatigue tate, (which po

hisha been mesh to dion uce id an pane a salt, and

Len of osalie acid: in this. fu ungus fight depend 'o on its f
place of growth, or soil, as it may be termed, I cannot say ; pit
it is worth ven to repeat the observation on u.c img. similar-

( 26 )

VI. Observations respecting a Species of Phalarope, and some other —
rare British Birds. By Mr. T. W. Simmonds. Communicated -
by Adrian Hardy Haworth, Esq. F.L.S. Sra

AÁ c co Read June 19, 1804. :

Tur following observations are humbly offered to the Linnean
Society, but with sincere regret that they are not either more nu-
merous or important. They were made during a voyage in
which I had the honour to accompany Mr. Robert Stevenson, `
civil engineer, of Edinburgh, on his annual inspection of the
northern lighthouses.

. PHaraARoPus WILLIAMSII.

| Ph orbitis albis, capite fusco vel cinereo.

| rien 7 inches. Bill inch, tapering, slender, acute, bend-
ing downwards at the point. Feet black, compressed. Toes
united as far as the first, second, and third joints of the inner,
middle, and outermost toes respectively; the remaining part of
the toes webbed ; the margins of the web scolloped, and some-
whit of a a pectinated bd it c" black. Eyelids white.

Mas.

ees es and back dusky-brown : : feathers of dii front
" margined with light rusty and white. Fore part of the neck and
breast variegated with cinereous, very pale rusty and white. On
each side of the neck a pale ferruginous spot. Chin, throat,
n and under tail i- çoverts i RU. The least wing coverts,
| 2S long

Mr. Stmmonps’s Observations on:some British Birds. 265

long secondaries, and upper tail coverts, margined with light
rusty. Quill feathers black. Greater wing ¢overts, and se-
condary quill feathers, tipped with white, thus forming a bar on
the wings. Under wing coverts pale, cinereous, or white. "Tail
feathers ten: two middle feathers longer, black ; the others cine-
reous, tipped, and margined with white, as are also the lateral tail
coverts. | |
Fomina. 6

. Head dusky black. Throat white. On the fore part of the neck
a deep ferruginous red spot, extending upwards, on each side of
the neck, towards the head, and thus nearly encircling the neck,

but intercepted by a very narrow streak of dark cinereous, which

is continued from the head to the back. The dusky streaks on
the back much fewer, and more pale; the cinereous colour ev ery
where much darker.

From this imperfect description, it may be perceived that the
male of this species agrees with the Red Phalarope, var. A. of
Dr. Latham, which is figured in the frontispiece of the 5th vol. ;
of his Synopsis. The figure and general description agree exact-
ly; butthe words * an irregular large spot of a deep ferrugi-
nous colour" seem more applicable to the colour of the neck of
the female.

The Vesp cgi of the Red Phalarope differs, a as ai size sr
that is greater, and * through the eye, from the base of the bill

‘there is a dusky streak passing PEE which is not the case
with any of these specimens. | |

It might have been dou bted that the feinale was more beauti-

ful, and even somewhat larger, than the male, had not the size,

&c. of the sexual organs been sufficiently evident to oe the

dio of a mistake. -ii 1336 y. HR uio Ae xa
VOL. VIII. I. p, Six

266 Mr. Stumonvs’s Observations

Six females and two males were dissected. From the small
size of the ovaria, the thickness and length of the oviduct of the
female, and large flaccid testes of the male, it was concluded
that the eggs had not been long laid, and that the males were
not young ones, as their less bright prinage at first gave reason
to suspect. i

From the deficiency of feathers on the belly of the male, from
the duller plumage, from the very few that appeared, and from
the difficulty which these required to be driven from those tufts
where the nests perhaps were, Would it be absurd to suppose
that the males alone perform the business of incubation ?

These birds were found at the edge of two or three fresh-water
lakes in Sanda and North Ronee Ss the two most northern
= the Orkney islands.

Inthe stomachs of several were found the remains of mono-
culi and onisci. As none of the inhabitants had observed them
before, they had no provincial name, nor was it possible to

7 . ascertain whether. they frequented any of the other islands.

It is much more to be regretted that the search after their nests
was not attended with the desired success. fec

If upon more accurate inquiry this should prove to be a
new species, perhaps there would be no objection to the name
Williamsii, as it is to the liberality of Mr. J. Williams, of Dartford,
that I am indebted for the discovery. >

TRINGA ALPINA,

Padi on athe islands of South Ronaldsha and Sanda, and at
Loch Strathbeg, near Frazerburgh, Aberdeenshire. = — —

Nest, with Charadrius hiaticula and Tringa vanellus, composed
of dried tufts of Juncus squarrosus deposited in a slight hole in
the aes Eggs tap ees e irregularly marked with
ESL | ix light

be

on some rare British Birds. 267

light and darker brown NM rne more Bnet and et
at the smaller end. aAA

Is PARASITICUS.
Found on Eia Isle of Glass, or Scalpa, most plentifully.
Several varieties were examined, and confirmed the remark,
that there is no external mark of distinction between the sexes.
Nest upon the slope of a marshy hill, composed of dried grass.
Eggs very light brown, marked imegnlariy with deep-seated dark
brown blotches. :

: LARUS TRIDACTYLUS.

On the Isle of Glass, Troup Head, Fowls heaugh, near Mon-
trose, Isle of Bass, in the Forth.

Nest composed. of dried conferva. Eggs white, with black
and brown spots. The young are brought to Edinburgh market,
with the gannet, and sold as articles of food.

Larus MARINUS.
Observed on the Isle of Glass,

Te lau ARGENTATUS. - bos
-Plentiful at Tester! idum ey, in the Firth of Clyde; n no other
gulls, not even the mottled a" of their own species, on the
island. |

2 LARUS FUSCUS. |

About a mile South of Troup Head, also on South Ronaldsha,
Pentland Skerrie, and Copinsha. On many remote rocks were
mottled varieties of gulls, but none any where near us —

places.
| 2x2 E oko

268 Mr. Stmmonns’s Observations

CHARADRIUS CALIDRIS.
I observed this species at the Mull of Cantire. 2d June.

ANAS MOLLISSIMA.

Most plentiful, it is said, at Papa Westray. I found a nest
at Pentland Skerrie, very near-the lighthouse.

Mercus SERRATOR.

On the fresh-water lochs in the Isle of Glass. "This specimen
agrees with the description of the adult male, except that the
head is variegated with dull ferruginous.

The trachea determined the species and sex.

Mercus MERGANSER.

It will perhaps appear presumption to attempt to remove those
doubts respecting el and the Dun-Diver, which have so long
existed.

The following reasons seem almost convincing that tbe M. Mer-
ganser and Castor are merely varieties of the same species, de-
pending upon the age and sex. The trachee of the males, the
vertebrze of the neck (which vary much in aquatic birds), and
the intestines, in structure, number, and dimensions, are ex-
actly similar in both. One specimen, shot last April, resembled
in general plumage the .M. Castor, except that there was little or
no crest, and the head was much variegated with black. "Two.
specimens of M. Merganser, and two of M. Castor, now at
Edinburgh, have each only eighteen feathers in the tail.

This bird is not scarce in Scotland during the winter season.
It is called the Skeldrake, and is confounded probably with Anas
Tadorna, which is more frequently met with in summer. _

TETRAO:

on some rare British Birds. 269

- TzrRAo Tetrix.

The trachea is considerably enlarged at the division of the
bronchie ; the enlargement is not bony, like the labyrinths of
some of the Duck genus, but soft and pulpy. As Dr. Latham
seems to think that there is no peculiarity of structure in the
trachea of any of the British Grous*, perhaps this may be a
disease, though it has not much of that appearance; if not, it
is a singular lusus nature.

* Linn. Trans. vol, iy. p. 100.

VII. 4n

( 270 )

vi. “An Account of some remarkable Shells, found in | Cavities of
a calcareous Stone called by the Stone-masons Plymouth-rag.

By William George Maton, M.D. V.P.L.S. $c. and the Rev.
Thomas Rackett, A.M. F.L.S. $c. With some additional Ob-
servations relative to the Mytilus lithophagus, by Mr. James
Sowerby, F.L.S.

Read June 5, 1804.

Tue specimen of the stone above alluded to, which was lately
presented to the Linnean Society by Mr. James Sowerby, and
which, from containing some shells that appeared to be of a
doubtful species, was referred to us by the President for exa-
- mination, is of a deep ashen hue, variegated with red, and con-
tains a multitude of smooth regular cavities formed by Mytilus
lithophagus. It was accidentally noticed by Mr. Sowerby, as it
lay for the repair of aroad, in the suburbs of London. Making
inquiries among the stone-masons in his neighbourhood, he was
informed by them that it was brought from Plymouth: but this
they seem to have inferred from no other circumstance besides its
resemblance to a stone procured from a ridge of rocks in the vi-
cinity of that town; and it has not been possible to ascertain
positively whence it first came. After we have given some ac-
count of the shells contained in it, there will appear a great im-
probability of its being procured from any part of our own
island, (unless indeed from some spot on the coast, where it may
have been left after it had served the purpose of ballast,) for but

| | : one

Account of some remarkable Shells. 271

one of these shells has hitherto had any mes claim to be
considered as a native of Great Britain. — sedi
The species which principally tini the notice . of the
members present, and which, from its singularity, was the cause
of the fragment of stone being presented to the society: by Mr.
Sowerby, we find, after due examination, to be no other than
the Mytilus lithophagus, of Linnzus,—a well known shell, and
described very fully by many different authors, in consequence
of its remarkable property of perforating rocks and other stony
bodies. The circumstances which at first seemed to authorise
its being considered a distinct species are two beak-like pro-
cesses, (one from the extremity of each valve), apparently form-
ing a part of the valves themselves, and crossing each other in
some degree like the two mandibles of the bird called by Lins
neus Lovia curvirostra, or Cross-bill. On separating the valves,
however, these processes prove to be wholiy external and adven-
titious, and the valves to be ** extremitatibus utrinque rotundatis,"
the words employed by Linnzus to characterize the true Mytilus
lithophagus, which thus often acquires an inseparable calcareous
coating, during the solvent process it employs for forming cavities
in that kind of stone. The shell is very accurately figured with
these artificial appendages in the 221st plate of the Tableau En-
cyclopédique,. article Vers Testacées (fig. 8. a. 8. .) One or two
of the specimens, however, differ from the ordinary Mytilus li-
thophagus (the shape of which is pretty exactly cylindrical) in
having a sort of angular protrusion on one side; this is a devia-
tion from regularity of outline common among the Mytili, and
does not appear to us to warrant the construction of a new spe-
cies. It was noticed by Gualtieri, who, in figuring three speci--
mens of Mytilus lithophagus (tab. 90. PA D.) has repaid one

el hefi form we allude to. Da
E

212 Mr. SowegnBY's Observations

-Some of the fragments of stone in the possession of Mr. —
Sowerby contain another species of Mytilus, which evidently in-
truded itself into the cavities made by the former, for it does
not fit those cavities, any more than the Ostrez hereafter to be de-
scribed; this species is the Mytilus bidens (of the Syst. Nat.)
figured in Chemnitz's Conchilien Cabinet, t. 83. f. 743. In some
of the cavities are valves of Ostrea Ephippium, of a very diminutive
size however, and to be considered as a variety of that species,
for they do not assume the very curved form which gave rise to
the trivial name. There are also, among these intruders into the :
habitations of Mytilus lithophagus, the Mya dübia of Pennant,
and the Arca reticulatu of Gmelin, besides three other species of
Testacea, which we at present forbear to make any reportupon, not
having quite satisfied ourselves whether they be not hitherto un-
described. Suffice it to say, that one of them approaches to the
. Ostrea Perna of Linnzus; and there is a species of Venus (of a
cardoid form), which is rather too much worn and damaged to
admit of being accurately and perfectly described, but which,

from appearing to form a cavity for itself in a manner similar to

the other lithophagous Testacea, deserves to be particularly exa-
mined.

Bt -Additional Observations relative to the Ar llophagus
REE ate ae Sowerby. ` eaters

^g BEG Nadel to e biii thè Tiap Sodat a desgtiptión

of the difference that exists between the Mytilus lithophagus and

the shell of that kind which I. itis had the honour to present
to the Society. — en

Gmelin's description of Mytilus lithophagus i is y Biete ** testa

| "bung tide

relative to the Mytilus lithophagus. 273

nonnunquam pollicem lata et ultra 3 longa, Maris Mediterranei fra-
gilt, Indici coriacea, stris transversis arcuatis exarata, nigra, badia
aut virescente, intus opalino-cerulescente, albido-argentea, aut mar-
garitacea." Linneus does not mention these strig, and he
quotes Rumpfius's figure, which does not express. them; but
perhaps we may say it is scarcely worth quoting. I had not an
immediate opportunity of examining his other quotations. Re-.
specting the shells which I had, the honour of presenting to the
Society, Dr. Maton, V.P.L.S. and the Rev. Mr. Rackett, F.L.S. _
have been so good as to give their opinion, in a very learned. .
and ingenious paper, which appears to show that those are va-
rieties of M. lithophagus. We do not mean to contradict such
great authority ; but having the opportunity of comparing them
"by our usual aid of drawings, we avail ourselves of a- vacant
spill in £e Liners S Buont, adii the whole: to th ae
"Three o or v years since, 1found sibobgr some stones (perhaps
ballast) at the Wapping-docks, a fragment of a calcareous rock.
` I detached a piece, to examine the nature of the perforations,
and found that the Mytilus lithophagus (the striated one here
figured) filled some of them. "These stones appeared to have
lain some time out of their proper element ; for the animals had
apparently been dissolved. by putrefaction so long since, that no
smell remained. "Phe shells were mostly mutilated: however,
. upon diligent search, I found. one or two sufficient to examine as
| to the species, and found them to agree with the description of
Gmelin as above, and with his reference to the figure of our ac-
-curate countryman Lister. In the spring of 1804, some stones
— (seemingly ballast stones) were laid in Tothill-fields, Where, $ 2
© found those which I presented to the- Linnean Society. "These,
besides a striking ae pecting!y owe MA ide. T
= vor. vir aru - Aud fig uti tec!

274 | Dr. Maton’s Note relative to the

the shell and epidermis, are entirely destitute of strie. We say
no more on the subject at present, as the knowledge possessed

by the two gentlemen mentioned above, renders them more able .

to add what is further necessary. They will no doubt settle it
most ably, and I have. promised. to. assist iù making drawings
to elucidate their former paper. lf the Society should think
it useful, I will add more finished drawings of the Mytilus litho-
phagus striatus, by which name I will now distinguish one.
The annexed outlines are pen sufficient to soi gee: the
pissed

Tas. VI.

Fig. 2. Mytilus lithophagus striatus. |
Fig. 3. A shell without the strie, and with the calcareous ap-
pendages at the top.

Tig. 4. One of the same, with the calcareous appendage Beinta
ed, to show that it has not the transverse strig. ;

| ME 5. The inside of the same. s s

Note ly Dr. Maton. :

ah strie alluded io i Mr. Sowerby, and described i in the
Systema Nature, by Gmelin, did not escape the attertion of
Linneus, v ho, in kis description of Mytilus lithophagus, in the
[useum Ludovice Ulrice Regine, makes use of the following
words, 1 viz. ‘oblique dimidiato transversim striata.” These words
apply to the striated appearance, much more precisely than his
editor’s, and indeed are as aptly descriptive of it as possible,
which will be discov ed by parse: su wide = | meii s
Emo d] cS ace Soe figure —

Strie on the Mytilus lithophagus. 215

figure (2). The strie, however, do not form any part of the
specific-characters, as given either by Linnzus, or by Gmelin,
and do not therefore seem to us to warrant any other scientific
distinction being founded on their absence than that of a
variety, especially as in other particulars all the specimens
. figured by Mr. Sowerby closely correspond.

g K 2 VHE | Account

(216. )

VIH. Account of the Bromus triflorus of Linneus, in a Letter
to Alecander M*Leay, Esq. Sec. L.S. By James Edward Smith,
M. D. F.R:S. P.L.S.

_ Read Denar 4, 1804.
| $ ae Norwich, Dec. 1 1804.
DEAR SIR, | :

Mr. Crowe has this autumn discovered a grass « on his estate at

Saham, Norfolk, about twenty-six miles from Norwich, which

is new to our British Flora, and indeed very little known to bota-

nists in general, the Bromus triflorus of Linnus, first mentioned
by him in the 2d edition of Species Plantarum, 115.

. No specimen of this grass is to be found in the Linnzan herba-
> mum. d appears to have been described on the authority of
zs Forskahl, as being found:in Denmark. The only synonym is
that of Scheuchzer, p. 511. t. 5. f. 19, from which authority it
should seem to have been that Germany was also mentioned as
its place of growth. Linnzus in his oe has added a
guanti of Fl. Danica, t. 440.

T 2 adn. Danish specimens, collected by my late fend Mr. |

ephen Delessert, jun., which exactly accord with the above-
and descriptions, and which, are doubtless
rus. Mr. Crowe's specimen no less exactly agrees
| bape. to be able another season to obtain a supply
stion of the Linnean Society and my.friends. —
Some later. synonyms. of the grass in question are intei àn-
| © soaks Pollich and NEU: are des em in | Reichard’s Systema -
oe nee = So — Plantarum, |

with mine.
for the col

Dr. Surrn's Account of the Bromus triflorus. 277

Plantarum, as well as Reyger and Moench. The two latter I
have not consulted. Pollich’s synonym is doubtful, because he
describes the awn of the lowermost floret as springing from the
top of the glume, that of the next from the back, and those of
the third and fourth florets, if there be more than three, which
"often happens, from the base. I find them all: nearly terminal.
This author, though an accurate observer, affords a lamentable
example of want of botanical philosophy, as well as neglect of
the Linnean rule, respecting natural genera, which I have often
had occasion of late to mention, in saying that the above dif-
ferences in the insertion of the awns might perhaps serve to
mark this grass as a new genus. | "his circumstance ought rather
to have taught him, that the insertion of the awn is not infal-
Jible as marking a genus at all; on which subject I havealready,
in the 4th volume of our Transactions, ventured to offer some
hints, proposing the strongly fringed or pectinated inner glume
sas a much better generic mark of Bromus. For this reason I
cannot but consider the plant now before us as a Festuca, its
inner glumes being finely downy at the edge, as in that genus,
- not fringed, nor are the awns always inserted below the c
Sométimes they are as perfectly terminal as in any Festuca.
_ The synonym of Haller, “ Bromus pauiculá. lava, diui: quia
= d ifloris, brevissimà aristatis, Hall. Helv. No. 1511,” is adopted by
Reichard, on the authority of Moench, but it is pointed out by
the suggestion of Haller himself. His description, | however, par-
ticularly the short awns, and his quotation of Scheuchzer, t. 5.
f- 18, as well asof Ray, evidently belong rather to Festuca ela-
tior. I should without scruple have rejected Haller’s synonym,
but for a specimen in Mr. Davall’s herbarium, gathered by his —
friend Mr. Du Cros, and marked ** Bromus, H. 1511, var. minor,
longis aristata.” This’ specimen is Bromus Ee Probably
t EU D | therefore

XE AE EUN ER E

278 Dr. Suiru's Account of the Bromus triflorus.

therefore the Swiss botanists may have confounded them, though
the two plants seen together are extremely unlike each other. I
have, in the collection of Mr. Davall, a regular series of Haller's
grasses by themselves, all numbered, by what authority I know
not, in which No. 1511. is Festuca elatior, and No. 1510. Bromus
triflorus; but the description and synonyms of Haller certainly
belong to B. giganteus of Linnaeus, my Festuca gigantea, a. plant
nearly allied indeed to that of which 1 have been treating, both in
generic and specific characters, but, I think, distinct.

I shall conclude by remarking that the ric and. interesting
Flora of Switzerland, though admifabl y illustrated by Haller,
as far as his own observation went, requires great corrections
with regard to synonyms. To this subject my lamented friend,
to whose herbarium I have referred above, had given great at-
tention, but he left it incomplete. When I have made ‘good
some prior engagements, I hope to communicate the fruit of .
— Mr. Davall's labours and my own, in some shape or other, to the

world. |

LT remain, dear sir, faithfully yours,

J E. SMITH.

| IX : Description

ac s at
; E

AFLA

h Bog

LA E

( 119.)

n--

AX. Sad E estt uc

IX. Ei n of a Species of Jerboa, found in the upper "Pi
vinces of Hindustan, between Benares and Hurdwar. By Lieut.
Col. Thomas Hardwicke, F.L.S. ;

id December 18, 1804.

_Dievs 1xpicvs.

Diev ! actylis, plantis pentadactylis, cauda elon-
“gata apice floccosA fusca, corpore fulvo lineolis fuscis, -

Tas. Vil

The provincial name of this animal is Fleimin allading
to its colour, which is that of the common antelope, so numerous
on the plains of Hindustan, and there called Hepeen: Moos is
the name for a rat.

It is about the size of the common house-rat; its head large
in proportion to the body; ears large, rounded, erect, naked, —
or very obscurely hairy; nose much rounded, furnished with nu-
` merous long fine hairs or whiskers; the upper jaw longer by half
an inch-than the lower: ; upper lip slit. In each jaw are two in-
cisores ; those of the lower twi e length of the upper ones,
which are broader, and longitudi furrowed. Eyes large and
of a shining black; legs unequal the fore legs one-

third shorter than the hind ones, with orward, and a
small tubercle in the place of a thumb. ~ et

- toes, the three middle ones twice the length of those o
feet; the exterior lateral] toe hardly ha: the length of the Bi.
= dle

$280 — Lieut. Col. Harpwickk’s Description

dle ones; and the interior toe.still shorter. "The nails or claws
slender, awl-shaped, white; the feet thinly- covered with soft
hair... Length of the animal from nose to tail six inches and an

half; length of the tail seven. inches, its form cylindrical, but . .

tapering, thinly covered with short hair to within the last two
inches, and ending with a compressed tuft of long dark brown
soft hair. The prevailing colour is a bright bay, mixed on
the upper parts of the body- with pencil-like strokes of dark-
brown, longitudinally disposed ; the head is. of a lighter colour,
- particularly about the eye and lower parts of the cheeks; all the
under parts are white, and the hair at the roots of a soft, "—
nature, and ash-coloured. - yeu ;
In weight this animal seldom exceeds five ounces. “The figure
accompanying this paper is the natural size of a male sce
which weighed 4 ounces 12 drachms, avoirdupoise. ——— |
- These animals are very numerous about cultivated lands, "nd |
particularly: destructive to wheat aud. barley crops, of which.
they lay up considerable hoards, in spacious. burrows, near the
scenes of their plunder. "They cut the culms of the ripening corn
just beneath the ears, and convey them thus entire to. one .com-
mon subterraneous repository, which, when filled, they. carefully
close, and do not open for use till supplies abroad become distant.
and scarce. Grain of all kinds is their favourite food; but, in de- -
fault of this, they have recourse to the roots of grass and other
vegetables. About the close of day, they issue from their bur-. `
. rows, and traverse the plains in all directions, to a considerable.
distance ; they run fast, but oftener leap, making bounds of four.
or five yards at a time, carrying the tail extended in a horizontal.
direction. When eating, they sit on their hind. legs like a squir-
rel, holding the food between their fore feet. They never appear.
by day, neither do hey commit t- depoeduboni within doors. ode
RES : sides : have

of a Species of Jerboa. — 281

have observed their manners by night, in moonlight nights,
taking my station on a plain, and remaining for some time with
as little motion as possible. I was soon surrounded by hundreds
at the distance of a few yards; but on rising from my seat, the
whole disappeared in an instant, nor did they venture forth again
for ten minutes after, and then with much caution and circum-
spection.

A tribe of low Hindus, called Kinjer; whose occupation is
hunting, go in quest of these animals at proper seasons, to plun-
der their hoards of grain; and often, within the space of twenty
yards square, find as much corn in the ear as could be crammed
into a common bushel. They inhabit dry situations, and are
often found at the distance of some miles out of the reach of
water to drink. In confinement this animal soon becomes re-
conciled to its situation, and docile; sleeps much in the day,
but when awake feeds as freely as by night. The Hindus above
mentioned esteem them good and: nutritious food. Ath

VOL. VII. 20 — X. Characters

( 282 )

|

X. Characters of three w Species of Boronia. By James.
Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S..

Read ret 18, 1804..

Amone a number of new or rare plants, with whel Mr. Men-
zies has enriched my herbarium from the western coast of New
Holland, arg three species of Boronia, all hithertonondescript, of
which I beg leave to offer some account to. the Linnean Society.
This beautiful genus was first published i in my Tracts on Na-
tural History, in 1798, p.287. Four species are there described
and figured, of wbich the B. pinnata alone has been mentioned
. by any other writer, being the only species hitherto seen alive in
Europe. Of this Mr. Andrews has. published a figure in his
Botany, and Mons. Ventenat has also given a figure and descrip-
tion of the same in his Jardin de la Malmaison. It is remarkable
that B. serrulata has not yet been introduced into our gardens,
being plentiful, and much admired, at Port Jackson, and pro-
bably not difficult to. be raised from seed.

The essential generic character of Boronia, consisting in the
anthere being situated each on a peculiar slender footstalk,
quite distinct from the proper filament, and inserted somewhere

about the blunt or glandular top of that part, is confirmed by
these 1 new ‘Species, all of which. have. the same structure, only
differing among each other as species. ofa good natural genus
usually do. differ in the particular conformation of that part,
whatever it may be, whose general figure marks the generic. cha-

racter.

Dr. Smirn’s Characters of three new Species of Boronia. 283

racter. These three new species, moreover, differ so much among
themselves, as well as from the other four, in the form of this
leaves, and yet the whole seven have so general a conformity in
those organs in some respects, that the most elegant specific cha-
racters, as well as specific names, are easily deduced. from
thence.

It will be best to exhibit the characters of the whole at one
view, in order to show how they differ, as well as to make some
slight corrections in those species already published.

/ * Foliis compositis. —

1. BORONIA. pinnata, foliis impari-pinnatis. integerrimis gla-
bris, pedunculis axillaribus dichotemis, filamentis apice obtusis
glandulosis. Tracts, t. 4. Andrews, t. 58. Venten. Malmais. t. 38,

Gathered near Port Jackson, by Dr. White. k. . ,

2, Bononra alata, foliis impari-pinnatis crenatis: rachi- git
så, pedunculis dichotomis, filamentis iiem antheris subter-
minalibus.

Discovered at King George's Sound, on the west coast of
New Holland, latitude 35°, by Mr. Archibald Menzies, F.L.S.».

This appears by the dried specimens to be a larger and some-
what more handsome shrub than even the preceding. It differs
in having hairs on the ie branches, as well as on the common foot-
stalk of the leaves underneath, particularly at the joints. That
part is also much more winged. ‘The leaflets, mostly five pair, are
broad, elliptical, revolute and crenate, hairy at the back of the
nerve. Bunches of flowers nearly terminal, hairy, with fringed -
bracteæ. Flowers larger than in B. pinnata; their petals whitish
. on the upper side. Filaments fringed all the way up, each ter- —
minating in a round knob, nearly on the top of which stands the !
sender capillary stalk bearing the anthere. Ea te

202 ** Foliis

284 Dr. Smiru’s Characters of three new Species of Boronia..

** Foliis simplicibus.

9. Boronta serrulata, foliis trapeziformibus acutis inzequali-
ter serrulatis, pedunculis ageregatis terminalibus, filamentis apice
cordatis hispidis. Tracts, t. 5.

Sent by Dr. White, with coloured drawings, from Port Jack-

son. k .

4. Bonowra crenulata, foliis obovatis mucronulatis crenulatis,
pedunculis axillaribus terminalibusque unifloris, filamentis apice
obtusis glandulosis.

Gathered at King George's Sound, by Mr. Menzies. p.

At first sight this appears only a small variety of the last, the
leaves especially being but about one third the size of those of
that species; but, on examination of the flowers, sufficient
marks of distinction are to be found. Even the leaves differ es-
sentially in being obovate, obtuse with a small point, and crenu-
lated, not serrated, about the extremity. The flower-stalks are
axillary as well as terminal, all situated towards the top of the
branches, and all ‘simple and single-flowered. Flowers small,
red, with a fringed calyx. Filaments densely fringed, obtuse
(by no means inversely heart-shaped, which is so remarkable i in
B. serrulata), glandular, scarcely at all bristly, bent and swelling
' below the top, the footstalks of the anthere nearly terminal.

5. Boronta denticulata, foliis linearibus denticulatis, pedun-
: es corymbosis, filamentis apice obtusis glandulosis.
Gathered at King George's Sound, by Mr. Menzies. p.

. This approaches more to the habit of the following, B. parvi-
flora, but is larger in allits parts. The leaves are much narrower
than in any other known species, being quite linear, about an
inch long, smooth, bluntish, though for the most part tipped
vith a small point, their eine fiunt] closely, and finely
| toothed;

Dr. Surru’s Characters of three new Species of Boronia. 285

toothed; the base tapers down into a sort of footstalk. The
flowers grow in axillary or terminal corymbi, with smooth stalks
and small deciduous bractee. Calyx smooth. Petals of a pale
rose-colour, with a dark-red rib. Filaments slightly fringed, their
top obtuse, glandular, destitute of hairs. Anthere on lateral
horizontal stalks.

6. Boronia parviflora, foliis obovato-lanceolatis obsoleté cre-
natis, pedunculis unifloris, filamentis apice oblongis glandulosis.
Tracts, t. 6.

Gathered near Port Jackson, by Dr. White. r

7. Boronta polygalifolia, foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis,
pedunculis axillaribus solitariis unifloris, filamentis Spies abbre-
viatis obtusis. Tracts, t. T. : |

Gathered near Port Jackson, by Dr. White. X. i

What is chiefly remarkable in this last species, besides its
being herbaceous, is the diversity in the situation of the leaves,
some of which, and consequently the flowers, are alternate,

others opposite, or even three together, on different branches from
. thesame root. I have remarked other instances in New Holland

plants of a similar irregularity, some "E eas E wn n a

future. DD. e of retur mud BHL:

Norwich, Dec. 17; 1804.

I

XI. An

€«-998 )

XI. An Account of a Storm of Salt, which fell in January, 1808.
By Richard Anthony Salisbury, Esq. F.R.S. and L.S.

| Read February 5, 1805.

Peruaps there never was any period, gentlemen, in which the
science of natural history, in all its various branches, received
such ample additions, and solid improvements, as during the
few years that you have associated for the purpose of promoting
it. How rare and valuable your several communications have
been, appears from the very high character your Transactions
. now universally hold, and which allows me to indulge the pleas-
ing fancy, that the genius of that immortal master whose name
we are distinguished by, will still hover round us. Professor
Swartz, in his Prodromus, has taken a very appropriate motto from
the sacred writings, and flatters this country so far as to use the
English translation. Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge
shall abound, is the passage he quotes; but the extraordinary
fact which I have now to relate to you, pera that ee is
yet to be learnt at home. 3
. On the 14th of January, 1803, I observed an east window of
my house, which had been cleaned a few days before, covered
on the outside with an apparent hoar frost. When the servant
. who was sent to remove it, came and told me it was salt, I was .
astonished, and still more so, upon going out, to find this sub-
stance almost as abundantly deposited in the garden and neigh-
bouring fields. I was totally at a loss to account for so curious

and |

Mr. SALISBURY’ Account of a Storm of Salt. 287

and unusual a phenomenon, and the next morning, with my gun
in my hand, I walked over a circuit of twenty miles, before I
ventured to trust the evidence of two of my senses, and bring
some branches from the hedges, still salt, to Sir Joseph Banks.
He immediately removed most of my difficulties, by suggesting
that this salt must have been taken up from the sea by the gale of
wind, which had blown with great force from the east during
most of the preceding week, and he honoured me with his com-
mand diligently to examine the effects of this storm upon vege-
tation the ensuing year: the ogee. are such observations as I
was able to make.
. The garden at Mill Hill is alt sheltered from the east: of
- course less damage happened to the trees and shrubs in it, than
in many that were more exposed. The Cedars of Libanus suffer-
ed considerably: m one near the house, all the branches on the
east side became brown, and continued so til the middle of
May, when they put forth their new verdure very sparingly, the
ends of a great number being entirely destroyed. The Cembra
Pines and Pinasters also looked more than usually brown, losing
their old foliage earlier in the summer. Near Hendon there is a
row of Weymouth Pines and Spruce Firs, from 50 to 60 feet high,
planted alternately in a rich deep soil: though this spot is parti-
cularly sheltered from the east by the opposite woods, the
branches of Weymouth Pines on that side were defoliated from
the bottom to the top, while the Spruce Firs remained uninjured..
The Scotch Fir, when exposed to the full force of this wind, ap-
peared not exempt from damage, and this was no where more:
conspicuous than upon Hounslow-Heath; but what is remark-
able, some of the clumps there wholly escaped, although no ob-
vious reason occurs from their situation, why they should not all
have suffered alike. "The Portugal Laurel seems the next ever-
green.

288 Mr. SazispBUnv's Account of a Storm of Salt.

green materially injured by this Salt Wind, all the leaves exposed
to it being more or less scorched, and in some places even the
tops of the branches mortified. The Furze of our commons, if
I may judge from the east side being invariably most decayed,
is also affected by it, yet I saw this plant in abundance in De-
vonshire and Cornwall, where it must perpetually be exposed to
such blasts. |

The farthest place to the westward that I visited the following

summer was Bulstrode, where many of the trees had suffered
severely: from thence to the mouth of the Thames, the last
place where this wind could have taken up any salt spray, can-
not be a less distance than seventy miles. In travelling through
part of Essex so late as September, the effect of the Salt Wind
was still more and more evident as the sea was approached.
About South End, I was told the Hollies had been nearly de-
foliated, and even the Oaks and Ashes then appeared to have
fewer leaves on their east than west sides. The Laurustinusses
generally seemed burnt as if by fire, with scarce any symptoms
of vegetation in their upper branches. I looked in vain for the
Bay-tree during my wholeride. - — —. — |. |:

As for the more tender esculent vegetables, few escaped; the
first crop, of Peas, Beans, Early Radishes, and young Lettuces,
being generally destroyed. Of our garden flowers, Ranunculusses
instantly perished ; but their relations in natural affinity, Winter
Aconites and Anemonies, as 1 have since had an opportunity of
remarkiag, are not at all affected by this wind. Snowdrops, Cro-
cusses, Hyacinths, and Narcissusses are also insensible of its in-
fluence. Those plants that flourish near the sea were naturally
protected. The beautiful Cypress, Red Cedar, Evergreen Oak,
Arbutus, Myrtle, Phillyrea, Alaternus, Rosemary, Lavender, and,
I believe, Laurel are of this number. Wheat also - escaped,

| ! which

Mr. Savtssunv's Account of ia Storm of Salt. 289

which it is well knowin: ripe in fields dedi open to the
sea. ip vod Md SGF ‘TIA et ete EG ipag x
. de uot find bdhabs any: satidebab of thesé Salt W indi; bi lien
panien recorded;. yet I fear they: visit us: annually... Last: year,
31804, I again observed one on the 11th. and 12th of: February,
Vhile at Norwich with our President: this also reached Middle- ©
sex, most of the Peas which had previously survived the cold of
14 degrees of Fahrenheit' thermometer, being on those nights
cut off under a much higher temperature.
_ That it is the Salt merely, and not the Cold, which produces
these deleterious effects upon so great a number of vegetables, is
fully confirmed by a similar wind noticed by Sir Joseph Banks,
some years ago, in Lincolnshire: it was early in September, and
blew very steadily for four or five days due east, when every leaf
on that side of the trees and hedges became brown. Were a wind
thus loaded with the spray of salt-water to blow during the
months of May and June, when vegetation is in activity, it is
difficult to calculate the extent of the mischief it would occa-
sion. All persons who have had the care of plants at sea, know
that, whenever the wind is strong enough to turn over the tops of
the waves into what the sailors call White Caps, | it is necessary
to keep the plants. closely covered up, the air being then so im-
pregnated with salt, that, if they be only a short time exposed
to it, they will perish.
. To the above account I d I could. add any satisfactory
explanation c of the manner in which Sea. Salt acts upon the tex-
ture of vegetables. Is. it by stopping | the pores of the leaves,
and preventing perspiration ? ? Can the wax which covers so
many maritime plants. with a fine glaucous hue, or the woolly
ppbescenge, so ;panapignogs, upon a still greater number, .con-
VOL. VIII. wc aT assi _ tribute

290 Mr. Sattspury’s Account of a Storm of Salt.

tribute to preserve them from the external action of the salt?
Is there any analogy between the modes in which salt acts
when applied externally to vegetables, and the more. imper-
fect animals, such as slugs and worms? Future observations

and judicious experiments will probably throw great light on this
matter. ah; eae .

F

Xi Description

XH. Description of Seven New Setia ORe Akiki, Hot
abs “land. BY Edward Ruige; FA ERS. aes

c diti. March, 5 and esL 16, 1805. .

Tue botany of New Holland i is as yet more imperfectly known
in proportion to the extent of d one, than that of any
other portion of the: globe. VETT
The collections which bata Tütberto porá their way from
thence to Europe, have been made entirely i in the vicinity of the
coast, the more interior parts remaining as yetto us a "Terra in-
cognita: and from the frequent and determined opposition which -
the new Settlers in those parts have experienced from the Natives,
as appears by the most recent accounts, it must be many years
before any accurate 2 knowledge can be acquired of uw. inland
parts.
No General Flora of this extensive country. has y Beet even
attempted *; and all the Genera and ‘Species hitherto described
and figured, 1 been given eithe rin detached parts, or with a
view to exhibit a specimen of its vegetable productions. “The
Botany of New Holland,” some Papers in our Transactions by .
our learned and esteemed President, a few Species which have
unaccountably found. their way into Cavanilles åth volume of
Icones, and some detached figures i in the Botanist's Repository,

andi in the Voyage of La iude. constitute the principss part |

sine hi paper wa road, La Bila work onhe Plants of hice ae has

ES : gu E of

SÈ aS y lv NIE ores h ant)
x uw \

292 x Mr „Rupo: S s"Desriptin of

of what has hitherto bad n presented: to the Public from this -
source. - I flatter- myself, therefore, that-the descriptions. of the
seven following new. Species may not be unacceptable te the
Linnean Society. "ME,
-< Since this Paper was. writte: D,. figures of- Tetratheca | glandulosa
gu T. ericefolia, have . appeared d. in Exotic Botany, which made
me hesitate on the propriety of inserting figures and descriptions
of the same plants; but. aftera uad I found a sufficient
difference between those figures mine, to induce: me. ;not to
alter my orginal intention. - ieee cii indi ay
Dac Jurtsxxo Avia.

Pentandria Monogynia.

S. candies limbo E hissutissimo ; ; spicis Ae eis

Rer PME RR: folus alternis, cordatis amplexicaulibus.

Caulis parum flexuosus, v illó
Gemme axillares.:

Folia alterna, cordata, amplexicaulia, pops subtus albida,

. subtus et præcipue, margine villosa, oris revolutis. Sa

Flores spicati. . RE E jc = ra 5 ee
Bractee duz,. calyce breviore he acute... Sri a ee ee
em quinquepartitus, . laciniis k

lar ceolatis acutissimis, tA a
SCR UN DESP Toda ego. extus levis ; ` limbis

c puni. bin: | E ee in-
iles; —— deut: Botero, iako-

| Pisin: :

Linn Trans, VIII tab.. p. 292.

Linn Trans.Vill Lab. 9.p -293 -
$

Seven New Species of Plants from New Holland. | 9293

Pistillum : Gio. parvum, globosum, striatum; leve: e
brevis : Stigma obtusum. :
Habitat prope Port Jackson i in-Nova Hollandia.

Css 44

Fig. sk Planta Iagnifüdine: naturali.
2. Flos integer expansus, i
:3. Calyx cum bracteis.
4. Corolla aperta. | fz
5. Nectarium. Germen. Styl TS fs

e

C. foliis ovali-lanceolatis,
gracilibus, terminalibus.

^

Flores spicis fiscilibus, f feaa. pres ipué
rollze, md Pedunculis maan
aab. bisual 26 A
ai ctee fees calyce imbricata

1æ superiores oppo» ~~

à, et structurá brac-

in" | 1 sed | ER Lortüboladi 5
“cont fabulosa, PON calyce dup Bon

A NAA TN mes VS

>

No ps MSS $

deii dense’ laciniis qi S igu
sutis. . Da | | ad
Nectarium, cotyliforme, quinque lobum, leve. . T
-~ Stamina: Filamenta quinque, c corollà breviora, versus apicem i in- j
. crassata, inter limbi lacinias serta: Anthere oblonge, recur-
Ww vo-deflexse,. i)gbtussm. «505. edu
Pistillum : Germen ovato-pyramidale, striatum leve: : o Stylus vix
ullus: Stigma "pis N E~ iyé
: TS OM 4 3 NET
Ẹ ` (o. Antherae a latere et fronte v vise.
jc Nec E Germen. St
us, Pie. dés vix longioris parum ;
is. sa altem longis simplicibus. 72 DORRE i
2 gE nep peers, ad len-
tem ‘abit P m i
Flores ex axillis ple à sque ribus solitarii.
Bracke ad basin pedunc eT i
Pennas)
: Nisus v NN Ns :

Linn Trans Vill tab. 10.p. 294 .

Aane Rudge del.

——n

————— — no

CTU) olia £

Linn Trans Ti. tab Ip. 295+

p Ses Nas Species of Plants from New Holland. 295

Pedunculi à i graciles, foliis brevinies, v versus us apicem incrassati,, pilis
raris glandulosis aspersi. pe r,

| aspersus. M xs NI i
Ta Corolla: Petala m EM repandulz
Stamina: Filamenta octo, brevia 1e,

- basi ima dilatatá, glabra. + d

Anthere filamentis confluentes structui

inspicias; loculis queiper angustis, duc

brevioribus. iy oe :

Pericarpium subrotun¢ Ir

cipue patentibus dense ves
Stylussensim angustatus.

Stigma simplex. |

: quee cum ii facie Te
4. Petalum. .
5. Calyx. Stamina.

6. Anthera dorso visa. RT
T adem transverse dung.

e

* i Tam XI... ái
ies Erots Bot, a! 20.

1M
E

tian

NN ANM wats

2d V4 ede
aprono a ANONN Y

296 , Mr. Y s Description of.

Caulis gracilis, ramosus, ramis piossa; basi nudis: Rami flo-
riferi, pilis hirsuti..

Folia quaterna, spe quina, verticillata, lineari-lanceolata, mar-
gine ad lentem tenuissime serrulata.

Flores solitarii, plurimi, axillares.

Bractee ad basin pedunculorum solitarie, minute, subulatz. -

Pedunculi graciles, glabri, foliis longioribus, atropurpurei.

Calyx profunde quadrifidus, pus Tarissimis - aspersus : laciniz |
ovate. . 3 On TEN

Corolla : Petala rosea, ovila doique maur

Stamina: Filamenta octo, brevissima lataque.

Anthere filamentis confluentes, interiore parte rubr, alano
atropurpureæ ; loculis quatuor augustum eens anterioribus
multo brevioribus. : = ?

à Pericarpium subrotundum,glabrum. noxiost tot saoig J&lidali

Stylus filiformis. - 2 :

Stigma simplex. - TUM Gable HOMI i eit

Capsula pendula, obovata, acuta; conpra , bilocúlaris.

Semina duo, oblonga, obtusa, priem

Habitat in eodem loco cum Pre

23911

ug

uie cC
Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturale
ak 2. Calyx. Stamina.
m 3. Anthera facie interiore exposita. ,
- 4, Eadem transversim secta.

5. Pistillum.

6. Capsula. i | -
227. "Seren: 0215" «vetat BU DBO sy :
Obs. Hac s ica differt a pie numero at: digoi- |
tione foliorum, que non serrulata ; petalis majoribus tum pe-

dunculis longissimis qui glabri sunt. Rami. floriferii qe
ue pilis hirsuti, illius EU. | Ñ

mrri OPER

tine ees :

"ced

- Linn Trans Vil 6ab.72. p.297.

nis

Potes gracilis. —
Caulis teres, cüticu
‘Vioribus. ” Rami I

Bractee. sulla a

5: Apthera dorso visa. ; aits] 3
6. Eadem fronte spectata. © gob gryla

1. Germen. Srflus. à í ‘Stigma.
. 8. Semina. T

mW i

P id

E xp e
n Nor OX TS MN WA ma UST
í
;

-Folia “ast —

a

fr. Runoz's Description of >

BECKEA DIO$NIFOLÍA.

B. caule ramoso, scabro; “foliis quadrifariam imbricatis, obovato-

$1763

R nitida,

ipso membranaceo -
— Flores erate 3 fee

s axillares Y l
Calyx turbinatu NS lis, € i iquedentatus, lac: | s albis cuneatis "
UMSO US muc De eee i

reniforaiinne a

Pistillum : Germen subrotundum. K
capitatum. arbor

Habitat in N ova Hollandia.

Ler-

* ^ LS * X s a `
“os Sere C s
DIORAMA cat Ck

"C
. *
A
d
F :
N
a ;
s
N
à à
N
SE $
N
X
NY :
n
|
3
H
i

Linn. Trans. VII. tab. 14.5. 290 +

ae

á

€

lue

ditit

7

"

Bw i alos perm |

Seven New Species of Plants from New Holland. 299

Y.

a
F
aie pem iiia ^
IX
ts E

Frutex erectus. FEL d E s 4
Caulis erectus, ramosus. Ran ramuli ple: imque oppositi,
cuticulà embed decidua tect ie uw m

per ramos imbricata,
ctato-scabra, subtus

Corolla

Pelalaq

Op
ast T: r:
EERE E imr i2398 T

> * x » s F A ; à 1 : 4 ad
SVO ES E owe wenu ARNS

rte aco oltm XE Yy 8. TOM Set UN 800. eat oaran, i, P ae
d € y ya E PAU iS S 2n WESS q c POR EIS dr NTC TRE VES

* e

xi. Observations on the 3 me I | Trollius, iaoe. s Helledo
TUS; Coptis, and. sop E

"E Picken i geo : Salinto

Pi is n». o branch. P^ Tetai less attended t to by Mus au-

FS, OT on which. t the solid advancement m the science more

docribe the new ones. which. are dai
theni is ‘indeed bo for it |

he abo This is plant appears. ton me A: distinct. ge-
nu nor can T fud. any affinity whatever in it, to that i in which
it has hitherto been placed, beyond. the conimon WR of

a occur in. several others.

than the Genera. of Plants ; ELA o reform. many. of
ready c instituted is become most « as. inoegssa ty: ass »

iid Ha hai

Mr. SaxisBURY's Observations on the Genera of Trollius, &c. 301

ria of this Natural Order are not Petals, it is incumbent üpon
me at least to give my reasons for this MAS.

-Fhe general laws of Nature are so uniform, that, if we deviate
from them on any other ground than that of actual facts, we
meet unsurmountable difficulties. The present question, there-
fore, can only be determined by reasoning from the analogy of

other vegetables, which if closely investigated, I think, refute
rather than confirm the doctrine of the French School. Now,
in the whole class of Polyandria, the Calyx is comparatively of
little importance, often coloured and by degrees runninginto the
Petals, or entirely wanting : the Corolla on the contrary is large,
showy; ‘almost invariably present, and seldom melliferous. Is it
not then surely more philosophical to describe those additional
parts, which from their very size and figure seem. constituted t
solely to secrete and hold honey, by the appropriate name of
"Nectaria, than to raise them to the proud and exclusive dig-
nity of the Petals, degrading these last into a mere outer cover ?
Has it never occurred to Jussieu, that the same reasoning by
which he admits these Nectaria to be Petals, would alone over-
turn his favourite hypothesis of Monocotyledonous plants having

no » Petals? for there : is no. difference i in 1 this Fa iioi n the

Qui: so called, Miis E y" rS

prophetic spirit: of Msi eot that s ‘wo d spring E

= Pp a definition, has shown its fallacy
amples pdb "where. ont Corolla, a and N We m :

302 Mr. SALISBUR x's Observations on the Genera of

. lypetalous flowers: thirdly, where it resides in the Calyx only:
fourthly, where it is placed either on the Filaments, or the An-
thers, or the Ovarium, or the Receptacle : lastly, where its struc-
ture is quite different from that of every other part, and anoma-
lous. He might also have added instances of the Herba produ-
cing melliferous glands, as in Gossypium, Mimosa, and Prunus.
"There can:be no doubt that the Nectaria of this Natural Order
are much nearer allied to the Corolla than the Calyx, especially i in
Nigella, Delphinium, and Aconitum ; but it by no means follows,
that they are the sole and legitimate Petals, nor will any subtilty
reconcile the incongruity of calling one and the same part in
Trollius ‘and — pir two Minen Mitos

plant: first Somer d some. ‘of du neighbouring genera,

taking them as I think they should follow each gue in a gei
ral series. SEDIS

Ade. d s RANUNCULACEA dios qw

T wis Sect. 2. Pericarpia polysperma, d.
1 = nde Rt E d Yo ae bes S. r* 3
Corolla 5—12-petala, decidua’ dO lla 9—17, Dose y ming

. ligularia. ISL Sar pie 90006 sessilia, dense — Bes
a basibus petiolorum dilatatis. vaginales.: .

digitata, inciso-dentata, he bi a; —
los Flores m m vel did ermi

=
ab

anthis, Helleborus, — aia Ty. e
: tn Petala a incurvo-patentia, we usa. Ne |

"et bes: cum lc.
598 n asiaticus.

Pii ntt Pi be

PPV Ss eee B ti PTS £942 dad es (HH Eius

- Petala. nette ec er di + crispula. Nec-
taria parum ultra stamina. = <

à Me nascentem prope Lancaster. in Pensylvania
ing tei are H. te Muhlenberg. - Bai iái
es asad tp" ies est dores favi nee auran-

gh tulis U Pela quinque y vel : sex, ‘incurve-horizontalia, obtusa.
— Nectaria parum. ultra stamina, ——
box, Helleborus ranunculinus. - Smith Pl. Ic. Pede n ST.
coo < Helleborus: niger: orientalis, Ranunculi flore &c.
= Tourn. Cor. p. 20. T. humilis flore patulo. Buzsb.

Cent. 1.p.15 $ 29. `
E s &iam ad specimen Herbarii Tournefanisin
Hace Praeses, et fructus: in iva Bank-

Nectaria 5— 7, petalis longe
"e sus stipiti ita, dum b- |

hé od

304 Mr. SaztsBURY'S Observations on the Genera of.

hyemalis. Petiolus lucidus, æquatus. —. Bu
" aiii hyemalis. Curt. in Bot. Mag. n.3. cum
. Helleborus hyemalis. Jacq. Fl. Austr. 9.3. p.1.
a oe. Helleborus hyemalis. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2.
=p. 783. Aconitum hyemale. Camerar. Epit. p. 125.
Petala sepius 6, interdum T, nunquam 5 vidi.

HELLEBORUS,

Corolla beilas md com: - Nectaria i ub He "petalis longe
minora, cucullata: = Pericarpia 2—9, stipitata basibus plus —
minus coadunatis, dum pauciora. stellata. Stipule nunc radi-
cales, nunc e basibus petiolorum sdelatales. +i Folia. 3-nata, pal-
mata, vel pedata, radicalia vel caulina, ea. © Flores solitarü

| paniculative, pedicellis unibracteatis, sepius virescentes. i ;

: REEN T Pedunculus ante folia. radicalis, s m
wh q i X $224 ret $
grandi- ; Folia podia. Pedunculus. 1—2-florus. Bractew

legitimus. pep Hist. PL p. p. (97A. pe
Klos. albus cum rubore aliquo, speciosus: titulus e
i aR x n omnibus tspesien e Soene 3

T vollius, Eranthis, Helleborus, Coptis, and I: sopyrum. 305

officinalis. Folia. pedata, laminis latis, Pedunculus multiflorus.
. Petala aci ninulata. à
H orientalis, - Lam. in Encycl. 4.9. p. p.96. H. niger
4 orientalis amplissimo folio, &c. Tourn. Cor. p. 20.
. Flos viridi-purpureus : proculdubio est planta offici-
. nalis antiquorum.

** Pedunculus ultra folia terminalis.

duri Folia glauca, ternata. Petala patentia.
Hy lividus. | eene. Bot. Mag. n. 72. cum Ic. bond.
eH lividus. - Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. p. 272.
s a H. niger trifoliatus. Ald. Hort. Fam. ipis t.92.
- ' Flos sordide purpureus. — —

fatis Polis viridia, pedata,| laminis angustis, Petala in pocu-

a?

E fotidus. ‘Smith i in Engl. Bot. n.613. cum Ic. H. fæ-
decas tidus. -Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 784. H. ramosus &c.
~~ “Hall. Hist. 0.2. p.11903. 7 |
Flos viridis inge denum atro-rubro. -

o s aS g £3 33 zu ep

AE ^. «DEP Ene sige?

Corolla 5— puc atia Nectaria 5:8; Lista minora,
cucullata. . ` Pericarpia 6—10, stipitata, stellata. Stipule 2,
. radicales. Folia pauca, radicalia, 1—2-ternata, . spinulose den-
tata, rigida. - Flores albi, s solitarii 2-native, terminales.

Nomen ab herba incisà: XOT TG scindo. ur s s

trifolia. $ Folia ternata. Péduüculus. 1-doras. |
Helleborus trifolius. - ; ` Michaux Fl. Bor.-Amer. - p “i

= ps “325. Helleborus trifolius. Fl. Dan. t. 566. - “ Helle-
VOL. VIII. | QR | | ~~ borus

306 Mr. Sar1sBURY's Observations on the Genera of —

_ borus trifolius. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 184. Helle-
. borus trifolius. Linn. Amen, Acad, v. 2. p. 3506.
t. 4. f. 18. | | ; :

Flos Trientali haud absimilise

asplenii- Folia biternata, laminis subpinnatifidis. Pedunculus
folia. ^ 2-florus.

Sponte. nascentem in, oris . occidentalibus Americe
Borealis legit A. Menzies. = |
Petala, quantum e specimine Banksiano sicco patet,

multo longiora quam precedentis, et lineari-attenu-
ata. Peduneulus quasi bifurcus ramis in fructu
- - elongatis. Antheree orbiculares apice retuso.

Isoprrum,

Corolla 5: ^ petala, caduca. Nect. 5—6, petalis minora, cu-.
= cullata. Pericarpia 3—17, sessilia, dum pauciora stellata,
` Stipule 2,0 basibus. petiolorum | dilatatis. . Folia radicalia
| pauca, caulina plura et sensi minora, 2-ternata S-natave, late

dentata, herbacea. Flores albi duteive,. solitarii 2-nive, axil-
lares.

thalictri- xc late. Folia — oe Pericar-
med -pia 2—4. t
. I. thalictroides. Jacq. FL. date v. 2. p. 9. t. 105.

A. thalictroides. | Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 783. Thalic-

trum batrachioides, &c.. Bocce. Mus.. p. 84.. t. 79.

Flores albi.

fm umarie- | Stipuke augusts, Folia laminis Pinna. Fa

T. fiin.

pinsi

XIV. The AA of several sey in the i eem Order E
Conifere: with (x n their Stigmata, and SeS By
Richard E Salisbu cms JF Bas. and d

Read April 2, 1805. 79

Tue science of Botany does not. ‘eonaiét so much in knowing a
parcel of names and. technical terms, as a great variety of im-
mutable facts respecting Vegetables, all of which have more or
less connection with each other, and which the philosophical
student stores up to use, when he meets with what is new and
strange: the detail of the following discovery therefore, if not
entertaining, is at least so far important, that some curious ana-
logies and differences occur in it. of ks Se ae es
T'wo years ago, when the author of that superb work on Pinus
the figures of which may be regarded as a national honot
` showed me his manuscript, and asked my opinion respecting the
fecundation of this genus, I was induced Sd xai i
species with more care than usual, ‘that Im ht,
thoroughly understand it: but I could neither f find any traces of

a stigma i in the female flower, 1 nor any vestige ve the insertion of

the

Mr. SarisBURY's Characters of several Genera of Conifere. 309

the very first expansion of the bud: accordingly I climbed to
tlie top of a Cembra Pine every morning for near a fortnight.
In the mean while I remarked female flowers. upon an old
Cypress; and the moment I examined them, I then first suspected
what proved to be the truth; namely, that each of the seeds
in Pinus was impregnated separately, and that what I had
hitherto supposed to be a cicatrix of their insertion in the recep-
tacle, was in fact the remains of the true stigma. About a week
afterwards I was highly gratified with the most clear and full
view of this process in the Cembra Pine. The little squame of
the future fruit with their dorsal bractez are at that period all
quite separate. from each other, and horizontally arched, as if to
protect the long crimson stigmata which project out in the vacant
interstices: but as soon as ever impregnation takes place, the
bracteæ and squamæ change their direction, and become closel y
imbricated, immediately assuming the appearance of a Stro-
bilus. In the Spruce Fir this circumstance takes place so rapidly
that the lower squame become quite erect, while the upper ones
are still arched. The next species I examined was the Scotch Fir,
then the Balm of Gilead Fir, Silver Fir, Pinaster and We eymouth
Pine, in all. which the structure of the stigma . differs very little :
f the Larch, on the contrary, I found the following year | had
no o resemblance in figure to the others ; it comes much nearer
the stigma of Cupressus, and consists entirely of. a thick pubes-
cence at. first convex, but finally soprávey and not. unlike a bird’ s
nest in miniature. End 3 .

k believe the stigma in- this genus cite never im been de-
d: some vestiges of it, however, have been faithfully repre-
sented by Mr. Ferdinand Bauer in his. dissections of the Spruce
Fir and Virginian Pine; also by Gleichen i in those of. the Scotch

Fir. _ The last author, nevertheless, supposes fecundation t to take
~~" place

310 Mr. Sarispury’s Characters of several Genera

place by the squame, as will appear from his own words. “ La
fleur femelle est composée de plusieurs ecailles sur les quelles il y a
des pointes rouges en forme de griffes. A l'autre extremité infe-
rieure de ces on remarque au cote exterieur des ecailles une eminence en
forme de levres d'un rouge clair. Comme j'ai observé sur ces levres
plusieurs vesicules et glandules, je les prens pour le mammelon, ou lori-
fice du conduit de germe, à quoi elles me semblent étre beaucoup. plus
propres que les pointes rouges en forme de griffes, qui sont dures et
_ seches.” Respecting these vesicles and glands I have only to ob-
‘serve, that the former are nothing but pollen, which is discharged
in great abundance over every part of the flower, and the latter -
the. proper pubescence of the squamse. No botanist appears
to have attended to this subject except Jussieu, who, probably
having observed the stigmata only after fecundation, describes
them as glands, and, with that diffidence which is so often the
concomitant of deep learning, then inquires whether thesquame
dorsales ought not rather to be considered as styles, and the
squamse interiores as germina in the Linnzan sense =~ = term.
This question it is presumed is now fully answered.) 22S oos
It has been remarked | by our President, that pes errors 5 of !
eminent writers are alone worth pointing out ; it becomes there-
fore here necessary to notice what I conceive to be a funda-
mental mistake in the great man above mentioned, respecting the
cotyledons of Pinus; more especially as he isimplicitly copied
by Michaux, Poiret, and Ventenat. | Nay, the last author has
one so far as to make Redouté draw the figure after Jussieu's.
description, instead of the object before him, as Miller did more
than once in his Illustration of the Sexual System. The bees oc
men whom we ¢ we all so proud to number as fe! lows of this
will, I trust, nereniandar any authority, however great

in the Natural Order of Conifere, s TUM 811.

at th: a S Coniferw, “ Semen vere bilobum extat, scissura du-
plici opposita profundiore lobos definiente ; sed iidem in germinatione
partiti et radiatim patentes divisuris linearibus verticillum men-
tiuntur. polyphyllum involucro umbellifero emulum, unde quedam.
Conifere, et precipue. Pinus, polycotyledones. dicuntur." I have
examined with the most scrupulous nicety the embryos of the -
Norway Spruce Fir, Black Spruce, Silver Fir, Balm of Gilead
Fir, Scotch Fir, Larch, and Cedar of Libanus, both before and
after germination, without ever being able to find two opposite
divisions deeper than the rest: so that there is not the smallest
doubt they are truly polycotyledonous. . The number of coty-
ledons, moreover, is by no means constant, even in the same
species, and they approach the succeeding leaves in structure
much nearer than any we are dnd rab nud with, _ being, like
them, biennial.. riire 5 nhi (fot

Having now fond a mak inaia in the foyer of
Larix, to distinguish it from Abies and Pinus; being also fa-
voured by the liberality of Sir Joseph Banks with specimens of
the Chinese Fir, the Chili Pine, the Norfolk Island Pine, and that |
still more curious tree the Dammar of Amboina, which he
long since. pointed out to me in Rumphius's work, as being a
true Conifera, I shall. finish this. pupa eg CHE pestes of all
these. seven pete. x i

A CONIFERE: dien EU Es A niuis: b
Sect. 2. ; Pe ericarpia . obversa, nec ut in. Cupresso erecta, juxta basin
5 SET si seein Vds i Neca 1

ird "dde te | AGaTHIs. © iiss i
Te Sn crasse, in estive aal: imbricatz. | .An- :

thera. multilocularis, Fæm. Squame in Strobilum. magnitu- :
dine ovi anserini subrotundum imbri

ricate, dorso nude nec
; bracteatie,

$12 Mr. Satispury’s Characters of several Genera

bracteatz, superne incrassate, persistentes, monogynæ. Pe-
ricarpium lateri interiori squamz adnatum, margine alatum,

durum, strobilo dehiscente deciduum. Embryo 2-cotyledo-

neus. Arbor excelsa, resiniflua, a reliquis facie abludens: ra-
mis oppositis sparsisque : ramulis subancipitibus. Gemme hinc
inde supra axillares terminalesque, caryophylli figura. Folia op-
posita vel subopposita, 14—S pollices longa, 1 pollicem lata, inter-
~ dum angustiora,. ovali-lanceolata, integerrima nervis parallelis.
Flores ramulis lateralibus terminales. i z
Nomen dixi ab ayalig glomus; floribus in glomos collectis.

loranthi- Folia breviter petiolata laminis ovali-lanceolatis, ob-

- folia. tusis. . bu espe
Tas. XV.
Pinus Dammara. Lamb. Pin. p. 61. t. 38. Arbor

_ javanensis Visci foliis &c. Raij Hist. v. 3. Dendr.

p. 130. auctoritate Herbarii Sherardiani.
Dammara alba. ORumph. Amb. v. 2. p. 174. t. 57.
Sponte nascentem in Ins. sonia: — d

C. Smith. | hie ed
Specimina completa in Sp. vini servata communica-

vit Banks, qui omnium primus veram Coniferam
Emo affinem. esse monuit.

S
: € * i

a Péwst pees riget rog 2 SEN. = |
Masc. MN tenues, in Amenta plura. lateralia imbricate.
3 Antheræ 2-loculares. Foem. Squamz in Strobilum szpius

conicum imbricate, dorso Bracteà suffulta, superne incrassate
cicatrice apicis haud raro caduci relicta, persistentes, digynae.

Pericarpia lateri interiori Squame adnata, margine. plus minus -

alata, — strobilo eicit eee: Stigma 2—3-fidum
VOCNESSENON C OA EC = laciniis

ipo dues

=

in the Natural Order of Conifere. o0 MN

laciniis caudatis. Embryo 4—8-cotyledoneus. Arbores
quarum plures excelse, conice: ramis verticillatis : ; ramulis cy-
lindraceis, interdum sparsis. Gemme grandes. | - Foliá 2—5, in
fasciculis alternis vaginá basi cinctis ramos undique vestientibus,

. acerosa et interdum longissima, biennia. Anthere in Pino, Abiete,
et Larice, ex analagiá potius solitarie et 2-loculares mihi viden-
tur quam bine et 1-loculares. —

Nomen antiquum: a rsy pinguis, quia abundat fesind, derivatum.

vult Schrevelins.
_ * Folia gemina.

«goes. Folia 2-pollicaria. Strobili conici, squamarum ex-
.teriorum apicibus praecipue inferioribus valde py-
ramidatis. Antherarum squama vix cristata.

P. sylvestris. Lamb. Pin. p. t. t. 1. cum pluribus
notissimis ee

Ais Larix:
Masc. Squame tenues in Amentum terminale imbricate. An-
there 2-loculares. Fom. Squam: in Strobilum subrotun-
dum imbricate, dorso Bractea suffultee, superne attenuage,

- persistentes, digynz, Pericarpia lateri interiori Squamæ ad- |

nata, margine alata, dura, strobilo dehiscente decidua. Stigma.

| hemisphericum. disco mox cavo, glanduloso-pubescens. Em-

bryo 5—9-cotyledoneus. Arbores excelse, pyramidales: ra-

— mis alternis, longe attenuatis, caudatis :- ramellulis incrassatis, bre-

vissimis. Gemme parve nec ut in Pino et Abiete tumida. Folia

alterna ; in ramellulis circulo annotino densissima fasciculum simu-

lantia; acerosa, annua 2 vel biennia. Flores ramellulis lateralibus

“terminales. psi
Nomen antiquum Græcum : aaa valde, sw fluos deri arem,
balsamum terebinthinum. ` tura. dont
VOL. VIII. » Qs : * Folia

sis . Mr. SaLrsBury’s Characters of several Genera E

Eae om " £x

ue nocendi Flies, autumno decidua.

pyramida- Strobili pollicares, anguste ovati; squamis margme
is. | patulis Pépahdhque. Bractez panduraformes.
-Pinus Larix. Lamb. Pin. p. 53. t. 85. S eap ii
d “ut pene omnes. Pinus Larix. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2.
75779. 1420. Larix decidua. MU a » m n. -R

pendula. Strobili vix pollicares, oblongis ; came margine in-
curvis, obtusis. Bractez pandureeformes. - Mir
"Pinus pendula.. Lamb. Pin. p. 56. t. 36. Tim
pendula. Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 3. p. 369.
Sponte nascentem in- Canada cm frigidis,
ty ath Bartram. ITS diro o o :

tenifolia. Strobili ice a aber squamis margine Hi
curvis obtusis. Bracteze ovales. 3
_ Pinus microcarpa. Lamb. Pin. p. 58. t 37. Pinus.

- laricina. Du Roi Harb. ed. Pott. v. 2. p. 117.

se Mt Sey nte n 1a scentem i in mada; legit G. Bartram. =
© Soa}
» ry Police 2-ennia, vere decidi ree
patula. Strobili tripollicares, late ovales ; 5. iquémis. margine |
PS | erectis, truncatis. Bractez in fructu. evanida. —

MT ein Cedrus. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 1420. Cedrus
Ja os folis &c. Trew Ehret. p. 1. et 28. t. 1. 60, 61. za

mif. T Fors fcemineos diu d anthésin" tantum. ‘wat hg

tn the Notare! Order of Conifere, 5 315

ciniis caudatis, Embryo eo iiinn Arbores. excel-
sæ, conice, pyramidales vel etiam pendule ; ramis alternis aut
verticillatis, cylindraceis. Gemme grandes, | F To alterna, in
ramis lateralibus. disticha, viz acerosa, sepius nonnihil dilatata,
- biennia. Flores ramulis terminales,
Nomen antiquum : a voce abio robustus, legitimum reddam; lig-
no in multis valido, -

we Iie * Folia "irapa

excelsa. — Strobili is wae ; „aqupis rhombeis, retusis.
: =- Bracteze minute. | -
Pinus Abies. Lamb. Pin. pP 37. 45i 95. P. Abies.
‘Linn: Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 1421. Ay Picea. Mill. Dict.
ed. 7. n.2. S A. pisi &c. Linn. Fil. MN: an s

emfoin. Strobili anguste. conici ; : squamis obovatis, integerri-
i di mis. Bractezx minutz.. .
. Pinus alba. Lamb. Pin. p. 39. £ 26. Pinus laxa.
. Ehr. Beitr. v. 3. p. 24... Pinus canadensis, Wang.
- Beytr. 5. t. 1. f. 2. ; 2
z -Sponte nascentem in Canada, legit J. Bartram. ha Z
ee ARR species vide in opere Lambertiano. ga

wE

e k de

E ou ve eeu si iE rs | | | :
| Mc: P bees tenues, in Amentum^ parvum gemmiforme im-
_bricate. Antherz 2-loculares. Foam. Squamz i in Strobilum
lupuliformem. imbricatie,- ore? issimæ margine əcristato, dorso
-:Bracteá multo ampliore t acuta suffultee, persistentes, 3-gyne.
Pericarpia lateri interiori squamze adnata, duo auricularia,

- médium. '€uneiforme, vix alata, dura, strobilo dese deci-

~ dua. ^ paps eus nondum vidi Arb
siut. Hirt Lu asa

£

316 Mr. SatisBury’s Characters of several Genera

-siniflua-: ramis subverticillatis sparsisque. Folia alterna, sessilia,

anguste lanceolato-cuneata, serrulata, pungentia, Flores. termi-
nales, feminei in ramellulis lateralibus.
Nomen dixi a figura Herbae : B:Acs jaculum.

Pear

jaculifolia. Folia deflexa, subtus glauca.

Pinus lanceolata. Lamb. Pin. p. 34. t. 28. Abies

major sinensis &c. Pluken. Amalth. Bot. lé. 851.

FE
Sponte nascentem in Chekiangh, legit G. L. Staunton,
Baronettus.
‘Evrassa.

Masc. non vidi. Foem. Squame in Strobilum globosum im-
. bricatze, dorso Bracteá longiore fere tote connatz, post flores-
centiam valde ampliate, obcuneatz, lateribus alatis samari-

formes, lignosæ, decidus, monogyns. Pericarpium inter. |

Squamam bracteamque immersum et conforme. Embryo co-
'tyledonibus. 4, pollicem longis, Loranthi folium referentibus.
Arbor ad 200 ped s pyramidalis, sempervirens, heterophyl 1

- junior facie Abietum ramis verticillatis, fo iis [ vertici
acerosis; postea Gnidiis vel Proteis quibusdam "nior, ramis
iunc sparsis, foliisque ee dense imbricatis, ovatis. Flores
terminales. |

Nomen a ramis folüsque quasi. artificiose collocatis : : ev dene, |

Taree ordi. :

. . Folia x ramorum juniorum. Woo y valde falcata.
Ss ponte. nascentem. in Insula eot de Ea iG.

s ^ ED
UMPR AMER iC de ARRIERE To
i uo DURS e Lesbia m

glean a

Bite Y E ;

-

A4

€
E

Ea

dn the N atural Order ref Cone

E Hec. Xr A

ue "e se

crassitie alat anserini, an specie di

M mh dc o id reg
Corunna. Wwiup?adieurst VO
Mast. RET in "Ael dipsacifornie Mbatata. Anthéra
basi dependens, multilocularis. Fæm. Squame in Strobiluin
grande imbricate, dorso Bracteà acuminata fere tote conna-

tee, capsulzeformes, „anguste, obconicæ collo peo, inde

r esce, py posi quos jen up

. Folia sessilia, alterna, dense imbricata, i instar die
tesis pungentia, perennia. | Flores terminales.
Naised a voce Greca one j nato |

i

BD materiam ı navium malis

ors By Aylmer Banke Lambert, Eq. ER .S. V.P. L. S.

kp os
US

` Read April 16, 1805. = =

Macnorvs ELEGANS.

a

Macnorvus argenteus auriculis ——— pedibus anticis pen-
tadactylis. |

Tas. XVI.

The account of this animal, and the drawing which I here
offer to the Society, were taken from a living specimen lately
` brought from New South Wales, and now in the possession of -
Mr. Pidcock-of Exeter "Change. It is. distinguished by the
Settlers in that country, by the name of the Sileer or Brush
Kangaroo, and by the. Natives is called Ba-ga-ree. It appears
to be a very distinct species from. the first discovered Ol
which Dr. Shaw in his General Zoology* has named Macropus |
major, differing from that, not only i in colour, but also in being
much smaller, and of a if ore handsome shape. The colour is

a beautiful silver-gray ; and, t e, it is one of the

most elegant animals I eve very docile.

.— Dr White, who so lo S Wales, informs
me that ‘tha species is ve its habits are very
. different from. those of the comn

* Shaw's General

: : 3 E | x found

Ea
ze

t

'00, it en: eda |

e

>

P. -
a

Linn. Trans, YII. lab.26. p. 316.

\ \ \

i !
I M
RI i

Ji ^
I^ Ay Y
ANN j

P

Mr. Lamnert’s Description of a New Species of Macropus. 319

found solitary, whereas the other is found in herds of forty or
fifty together. Among the numerous Drawings of Natural
History which Dr. White brought home from that country, and
are now in my possession, this animal is wanting, owing, no
doubt, to the difficulty of procuring a specimen.

The measurement of the animal above described, is as fol-
lows: |

: Inches.
Length from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail 624 —
From the tip of the nose to the eye PM - 0 24.

From the tip of the nose to the back part of the skull — 55
From the back part of the skull to the tip of the tail decr
Length of the tail - - cr n = E
Length of the ears. - , - x Hero. e oT
From the tip of the fore claw to the top of the shoulder 12%
Length of the fore leg from the claw to the knee uH ee
From the tip of the hind claw to the top of the thigh — 24

‘Length of the hind leg from the claw to the knee IO

Girth at the widest part, three inches before the hind —

| legs s 7 y =e 28

Girth thros inches, behind the fore denm dM rn IH
XVI. Ex

w
E m
——

XVI. eien upon a Subitande called Dapéche from South
i America, By William Allen, Esq. F.L.S.

Read May 1, 1805.

Tur worthy. Yi ice-president. ef this Society, T onas Pader,
Esq. favoured me with a specimen of a substance sent to Sir
Joseph Banks from South America, by Humboldt. It is said to
be found at the depth of two or three feet from the surface of

the earth. In appearance it very much resembles a dried Fun-

gus, having the same spongy texture : internally it is nearly
white; and although in its external character so different from
Caoutchouc, the results of a variety of experiments leave no
Toom doubt. that itisa modification of the samé substance.
The milky j juice of. the Hawea Caoutchouc and Jatropha elastica,
-from which the Caoutchouc or common Indian rubber i is ob-

tained, undergoes a considerable change on ‘exposure to atmo-

spheric air; like blood recently drawn from the veins, it separates
into two parts, viz. an aqueous fluid, and the concrete substance
called Elastic Gum.

The specimen appears to. have been produced by successive
deposits of milky juice; but on account of its peculiar situation,

the changes have probably not taken place in the same order, nor -

to the same extent, as when completely exposed to the powerful
agency of atmospheric air.

The Dapéche burns freely when held to the cándle; it removes

black-lead marks with the same Bici as Caouteligue: ; and in

.
cir dike

IT PA

Mr. AuLen’s Experiments upon a Substance called Dapéche. 321

like manner exhibits signs of electricity, by causing dry paper
which has been rubbed with it to attract- pith balls.

I made parallel experiments with equal duanik of Caout-
chouc and Dapéche in the sulphuric, nitric, muriatic, and strong
acetic acids, also with a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids :
they. were performed in a temperature between 32° and 42° of
Fahrenheit, and there was a striking similarity in the results.

Nitric acid, even without the application of heat, dissolved both
these substances almost entirely ; and on the addition of water to
the clear solutions, copious precipitates were afforded, which,
being washed and dried, mounted to uet one > half of the ori-
ginal weight. - ee

The precipitate from Casu hohé was dissolved. by jag |
alcohol ; that from Dapéche nearly so: but alcobol produces no -
effect u pon Caoutchouc itself, and only renders Dapéche. more
elastic. E

"The mixture of nitric and muriatic acidi did not appear to
dissolve a any part of these substances; but they had evidertly
undergone a change, and had increased in weight—the Dapéche.
particularly: they no longer melted on exposure to im but 1 were
converted into a dense coal. — .

By distillation to dryness i in | glass re retorts, the following results

_ were obtained :

yd | Caoutchouc 100 sore ?

A Jerownt pre MER oil containing no trace of scil E
- 14 cubic inches of gas — — pea 2

Carbonaceous residuum - - j> ári 6
VoL. VIII. 2T Dapéche

322 Mr. ALLEN’s Experiments upon a Substance called Dapéche.

Dapéche in 100 parts.

A brown empyreumatic oil - - - - 80
Water slightly acid - - - - = 2
Carburetted hydrogen - - - - 2
Carbonaceous residuum - - Ll c 16

100

I did not observe any trace of ammonia, though it is generally
stated to be one of the products.

XVII. Account

XVII. Account p a new Britigh Species of Caltha. By Thomas
| uriy, Forsters Esq. F.L.S. — 3

. Read Teen ^& 1805.

Tur figure which accompanies this. paper is of a new Caltha,
which I had some time ago from Scotland by the kindness of my
friend Mr. J ames Dickson, who, when he gave it to me, was of
opinion that it would prove a new Species, which I am now
well convinced it is, having cultivated it for several years. Tt
differs from the Cc ; alustris in having a creeping stalk,
shooting forth roots at the joints ; leaves triangular, very sharply
crenated ; and the petals smaller, narrower, wedge-shaped and
pate t cannot be the Caltha natans of Gmelin and Willde-
now, which has a white flower, procumbent stalk, and floats on
the -— nor Caltha minor of Miller's Dict. ( palustris @ Willde-

which does not appear to differ from C. palustris in any re-
spect but size. In Dr. uen MSS. in Sir Joseph Banks’s
cribed and named, and in the
"C „imens of three others from the North-
west coast of Am where they were found by Mr. A. Men-
zies, who I hope. x us descriptions of them. The
following may sen for the specific differences of the Calthe al-

herbarium there

CaLTHA.

le erecto, folis orbiculato-cordatis. —
272 | r^ Hab.

1. palustris.

| | 894 Mr. ForstER’s Accoun nt of sca cog aes |

ae

Hab. in bumidiusculis Europe, Asiz, et Ame-
rice borealis. Y v. JE |

o sagittatis.
ccess Bay Americe

MSS. in Bibl.

C. caule rep nte

Hab. in Scotia. J.

JEn

*

( 325 ).

XVIII. Description of a new Genus in the Natural: Or of
Rubiacee, called. E. Ese. Dy Richard Anthony Salis , Esq.

Read February 4, 1806.

Peruaprs one of the most interesting modern additions to our
knowledge of the Natural Affinities of Vegetables,has been made
among the Rubiacez. I presume to call it modern; for though
Bernard de Jussieu arranged the plants of this order in the Tri-
ánon garden with great purity, so long ago as 1759, other bota-
nists continued to mix several discordant genera with it, till his
nephew's incomparable work appeared, shining like the morning
star, the harbinger of day. By his labours, those genera which
really belong to it are now clearly defined ; and as far as what
little knowledge I have gained of them enables me to judge, his
artificial sections rarely break the links of that natural chain
by which they hang together.
Some useful corollaries. may be deduced by the botanist wio
studies the various organizations of this extensive tribe of plants
philosophically. From a comparison of the most anomalous, it
appears to me - the general rule laid down by Linné res-
pecting genera, n t be still more closely adhered to in natural
orders. I would say, characterem fluere e ordine non ordinem e cha-
ractere, in the strongest sense of the words: for there cannot be
the. smallest. doubt that Usteria, which has Pericarpium superum, :
he Rubiacee, though it is the only genus of them. yet
with such a character. Our great master, indeed, in

326 Mr. Satispury’s Description of a new Genus

his Classes Plantarum has long since taught us “ nulla his valet
regula- à. priori, nec una vel altera pars fruetifieations, sed sola
simplex symmetria omnium partium :” and the excellent canons of
the French school may yet be improved, by a stricter attention
to his principles on this head. :

Among the primary characters of every Natural pido stipu- |
lation is one of the most constant ; nevertheless, in some of the
verticillated genera of Rubiaceae, Galium for instance, there is none
at all. Linné.to get over this difficulty, supposed that its stipules
were converted into leaves: that this is not the case, however,
is evidently proved not only by Hamelia, and other verticillated
genera with real stipules corresponding in number to their leaves,
but by Galium itself, in several species of which the uppermost
leaves. near the flowers are reduced to two, without any inter-
vening stipule, as in the Apocinée. Whether their joints are -
ever terminated by any of these glandular bristles so remarkable
in some Apocinée, Y am yet ignorant ; but the peduncles of many
Galiums are reflexed when in fruit, presenting asictiert posa of
resemblance between the two orders. o — :

The affinity of the curious genus now aciei is = fortunately
indubitable. It belongs to the 7th section of Rubiacee ; and if
mere number of parts is omitted in subdividing this family, as
possibly it may be in future, it will stand next Frélichia of
Vahl. I have not seen the ripe fruit, but when young it is
bilocular, with a single seed in each cell: very soon after the
flowers drop off, the seeds become long and narrow; and as the
stipulation is so different from that of every known genus, I
have named it after Edward Rudge, Esq. F.L.S., a botanist who
has illustrated some of the plants of the country in which it
grows wild, by the most accurate dissections sci ye vm to-
the public from dried epeeinens T |

oi. E

.

Linn trans Vol VM. taibb paz

! Ben called Rudgea.

Ordo Naturalis. p
LN Rubiacez Juss. Gen; 2 Mc

na

bus 5-partitus, laciniis e dorso apicis uncinatis. Fila-
menta fauce tubi inserta, antheris breviora. Pericarpium (in i
is) ülare, loculis 1-spermis. Stigma 2-partitum,
lac: ) is. Caulis teretiusculus, - brachiatus. Stipule
> - grandes, in i fallor ut in Apocinéis quibusdam pectinato-se-
tacec ipso apice in nostris exemplaribus forsan caduco. Folia ampla /
- paribus equalibus. Flores paniculis densissimis terminalibus, sicci /
nigrescentes. Convenit cum Frólichià et Schraderá laciniis
corolla. dorso uncinatis: relique E multàm abludunt.

— —. lanceafolia. S. R. foliorum lamin ; lanceolatis, acuminatis: c k
S Tolla 2 | pollices longa. i aida

e = Tas. XVIII. |

ma ódbeeiacen erectee,

us, vix nu
> allidioribus quasi sphacelatis

Et au Z ovate, pr |
. — vero apice forsan jam c:
tiam nondum decidua. - F

"bli angusti, 5—6 lineas
bs os vestiti, concavi: _ Lamine

-

| ginà inferiore levi, planiuscule: - /Nerà Pe" subtes fusci |
\ et prominentes, tenuiores szepe ad angulum rectum cum. pr

\ : ane s.

amariis confluentes. Flores paniculis densissimis te
si sessiles. Pedunculus solitarius, G areo rai

ri-

Bractez ad e md ramos Sohase: 1e da 23
. Calyx-
p ophyllus,

pericarpii den. a euh. 2 pollices oer : E gra-
à cilis, Mimi su" SRIGR anguste infundibuliformi: Limbus
y Jus, SPARES ug Laciniz subli-

: extus dense pubescens, decidua.
arum decurrentia. Antherez erecta,
dehiscentes. Pericarpium in-
Lini » obconicum, intra corol-

avidum non vidi. ~ Styl s gracilis, long tudine tubi. rum 2
stylo multó latius, 2-partitum ; recurvo-patentibus,
obtusis, convexiusculis. — ,

ovalifolia. E R. foliorum laminis ovalibus, breviter acuminatis

corolla pollicem longs.

Tan. XIX,

J oe BP ramis proculdubio |
: arine. axilla ades |

te rminalibus, P.

vod aspe ctm

in the Natural Order of Rubiaceae, called Rudge. 329

grandes, magis obovatæ, pariter pectinato-setaceæ rigidæ per-
"sistentesque. Foliorum Petioli 6 lineas longi, crassiusculi,
tenelh pube vestiti aliquá vel in adultis relictà: Lamine
4:—5 pollices late, 7—8 pollices longa, horisontales, ovales,
integerrime, parum seu breviter acuminate, supra glabre,
subtus leves: Nervi crassiores quam in R. lanceefolid. Flores
paniculis densissime congestis. Pedunculus brevis : ramis infe-
rioribus brevissimis, superioribus vix distinguendis et forsan

dichotomis. Bractez ad singulos ramos solitariz, latè cuneate,
dense pubescentes. Calyx et corolla extus dense pubescentes.

Ec P

Locus generis in Systemate Sen i est Pentandria Monogynia
post Psychotriam. Inflorescentia in vivis accuratius descri-
benda, specimina enim rarissima dilacerare nolui: inde forsan
generis affinitas certius innotescat.

EXPLANATION OF TH E PLATES.
Tas. XVIII.

Rupera lanceefolia.
Fig. 1. A flower, magnified. ie im :
.2. Limb of the corolla, more magnified. OMS Tn
- 3. The pistillum, magnified.
4. A stamen in two views, exceedingly magnified.
5. Young fruit cut transversely, magnified.
a A seed not yet impregnated, pores

Tas. XIX.
Rupcra SPAN
Fig. 1. A flower, magnified. -
9. A stamen, ékceediligly agace,
—— 3. The pistillum, magnified. Li le
VOL. VIII. 20 XIX. A New

>

LIED

XIX. A New Arrangement of the Plants of the Monandrian Class
usually y called Scitaminee. By William Rosc Aas Ver P. m L.S.

Read April 15, and May. 6, 1806. .

Tes Scitaminean Plants, s so callec
or spicy qualities, occupy the greater portion of the first, or
Monandrian class, in the Linnean system of vegetables. They
are a tribe of great beauty and considerable utility; natives of
warm climates, where they are mostly found in moist situations.
The chief part of them have been discovered i in the East-Indies;
a few in Africa; and still fewer in America.

The first attempt to reduce these plants to their proper genera,
appears to have been made by Linnzus, in the Musa Cliffor-
tiana.—In his Fragments of a Natural Order, he has united them
with the Muse ; to which, in the more ygportant emm ya their
fructification, they bear but little affinity.

The disadvantages which attended the ety of these > phir
in the time of Linnzeus were, in fact, too great to be surmounted.
His descriptions could only have been formed, for the most part,
on the labours of preceding. botanists ; the figures of Van Rheede,
Rumphius, and others ; and in some instances, from dried speci-
mens. In establishing the different genera, he has relied chiefly
on the number and form of the pt: ; without sufficiently at-
tending to those ı more important parts of the fructification on
which the rest of his system i is chiefly founded. chor se

After having completed his labours on this nfcon so ; sienible
was he of their insufficiency, as expressly . to admonish his

readers,

"on account - their aromatic -

de

Mr. Roscor’s New Arrangement of the Scitaminee. — 381

readers, that the characters of many of these plants still remained

to be more accurately determined, by those who might have an

opportunity of inspecting living specimens ; an admonition which

every colit editor of his Works has SEPP it eorf to

rE ti WT R

About the year, 1783, a veni dH ARES in dditibs "was ind

to the order of Scitaminean plants, by the labours of Kenig;:
who, in his researches through various parts of the East, disco-

vered many. plants of this tribe, of which he communicated full

descriptions to his anand: Re b z | poesi i in the. third

" ants +, thought | it. necessar essa y to. attempt a new one, from: the
descriptions of his friend ; although he had never seen even the
dried tpecenenn The result. is. suph; as might have pend eX-

d die ; Be of gem padija pub qe tas CER which dna p
ever, been recognised by. Willdenow,.as the latest im posant
on this clas. . '

In one respect Retzius is entitled to co nmendati

"Quid centi ego. determinem, qii, planas has 5 neguidem si siccatas s vidi” » Ec» de
Probe video, nihil absolute ceni de horum generum characteribus. minari

3329 Mr. Roscor’s New Arrangement of the Plants of the

plants; a discovery which, however, he has not sufficiently pro-
secuted, either in the work before referred to, or in his subse-
quent attempt, in his sixth fasciculus, to establish ti new Ls of
these plants. l ECAN Bn ! e
Since the publications of Retzius, some additions and correc-
tions of the genera and species have been made by Swartz, in
his Observationes Botanice; but without any attempt at a syste-
matic order. He concludes. his remarks with asserting that
* the genera of the Scitaminean plants are so — that
they can scarcely be distinguished by characters *." — :
If we turn from Linneus and his followers to those ilio; pro-
fess to have arranged the individuals of the vegetable kingdom
by their natural affinities, | we shall discover little further light
thrown on the subject. "The Scitaminean plants form, indeed, a
natural order; and Bernard de J ussieu, in his Ordines Naturales,
has implicitly adopted the arrangement, "without adding to the
number of the | genera of Linnzus 4. In the Genera Plantarum |
of A. I 1. de Jussieu, « a few additions : are made to tios: — t
but the more essential parts o
generic distinctions chiefly desek nd, aré often arn 'oniitted- in
bits descriptions. Like the rest who have attempted to charac-
terize these plants, he remarks—* that the construction of the
various parts of the flower, has wes a variety of opinions
as 3 to their denomination and use ; = " and, “that SE observa-

ee eee genera adeo aia, ut characteribus vix distingui queant,” 2^
Swartz. Skee

1 Viz. Catimbium (Ota: or Resa and — both taken
f tions

——

itum. inveniatur." . ; Swartz. Obs. 9.

Monandrian Class usually called Scitaminee. 333

tions on living plants are still requisite, in order to form Dropet
distinctive characters*.” |

Such is the brief and i history of those plants :
but some circumstances have of late occurred more favourable
to the prosecution of these inquiries. Amidst the great number
of plants lately brought into this country, those of the Scitami-
nean tribe have not been neglected. Many of these have pro-
duced their flowers; from which, and from the accurate figures
given of others in the excellent botanical works lately pub-
lished, as well in this country as on. the continent, it seems not
impracticable. to form an arrangement, which may contribute in
some degree to remove the i inconveniencies of. which there has
hitherto been but too much reason to complain, and which are
the more to be regretted, as they present themselves to the stue
dent on the very opening of the Linnean system. —

-From the result of observations made on this subject for. some
years past, I have been led to conclude, that the true generic
character of these plants consists in the situation, form and ap-
pendages of the anthera, and its petal-like or incrassated fila-
ment. | In several of the genera which compose this. class, the

the "e ds. “atiro but in the- truly. Scitaminean plants it is

; double, ani is either more | or less divided to receive the

benc it closely embraces +. This anthera is supported
by an erect. pog, Bleed ty which Swartz. contends. is im pro

* « “Non. [3 Doran Se Uns ; quarum Coen inis f varia à diver-
sam induxit autorum sententiam de earundem nomine et usu. Ulterius er o
ferenda in vivis pleraque ordinis genera; ut consimilia in his et illis organa pate:
conformis omnium character eruatur." 4. L. de Jussieu Gen. Pl. 64.

+ In omnibus fere Scitamineis, anthera ns minusve mee E ree

eum tough

934 Mr. Roscoz's New Arrangement of the Plants of the

though he admits that it performs the office of that part*. In
some instances this filament terminates with the anthcra ; but in
others is extended beyond it, either in a subulate, ovate, bilo-
bate, or other peculiar form, which I have always found charac-
teristic of the genus; and which, after the great distinction of a
single or a double anthera, I consider as the chief generic distjosr,
tion of these plants.

"The first result of this system. will be found. to, be.the. ‘separa:
tion of the. true. Scitaminean: plants. from those. which, although
of the same order, possess neither their peculiar construction nor.
their inherent qualities. The latter of these may perhaps be
properly denominated Canne ; à name applied by Jussieu to the
whole tribe ; whilst the appellation of. Scitaminee should. be re-
served for the true aromatic. plants only.. Other. important
changes will also be indispensably necessary. The. genus. Amo-
mum appears to include two genera, as distinct. from. each other.
in their growth, habits, and qualities, as in their generic charac-
ters. To one of these, which | comprehends the plants of the
Ginger tribe, - I given the name. of Zingiber,— res stricting
that of Amomum to TUS proper. ‘a damom plants. 4 By the same.
method, the Amomum zedoaria appears to be a Curcuma ; the
Alpinia comosa, and Alpinia spiralis of Jacquin are "epi ef.

* « Lacinia cui anthera adfixa vel inserta improprie filamentum dicitur, sed vices.
ejusdem praebet; labium superius nectarii appellari debet." Swartz. Obs. 9. ^"^ — ^^
This is also the opinion of Mr. Dryander, which on this subject, as on all others con-
necied with. natural history, is entitled to the highest respect; and Dr. Swartz proba-
bly | learn it at Sir Joseph Banks's when i England. In fact, this organ, like many.
others, both in the animal and vegetable economy, performs two offices, and is both
the filament supporting the anthera, and the upper lip of the nectary; but I: have pre-
ferred the denomination of filament for the sake of consistency with the other plants of
this order, which have a proper filament, to which I have also been: indien €
consideration that by this. term my meaning is defined ina single word, .

` the

Monandrian Class usually called Scitaminee. ^ — 335

the genus Costus ; and the Hellenia of Willdenow (Heritiera of
Retzius) and the Renealmias figured in Andrews's Dotanists Re-
pository unite themselves with the genus Alpinia.

In forming the generic characters of these plants, I have cid
relied on the more immediate organs of fructification ; without
resorting to the exterior parts of the flower, respecting which
great confusion has arisen among the writers on this subject.—
That part which by some is called the corolla *, is by others de-
nominated the inner calyx +; the outer one being short and sit-
ting close upon the germen. By some the interior limb of the
corolla, when it consists only of one petal, is called the nectaryt,
whilst others apply that name to both the interior petal and its
opposite anthera-bearing filament, considering the nectary as bila-
biate§. Other authors have considered the glandular appendages
at the base of the corolla as the nectary|; and the descriptions
of these have been mistaken for what has been called the interior
limb of the corolla. That I may not increase this confusion,
I think it necessary to state, that independent of the anthera-
bearing filament and style, I consider the flower of a true Scita~
minean plant as consisting of an exterior bractea or scale, a
proper calyx, a corolla mostly divided into three lobes or sections, |
enclosing an interior limb, which has sometimes two or three seg-
ments, but invariably a petal-like nectary, which generally ter-
minates in a large pendulous coloured lip, and forms the most
conspicuous and ornamental part of the flower. —

I must however observe. that none of these usc editione
parts can be relied on for ¢ generic distinctions, | as they frequently
differ greatly i in the different. peist: of the same genus. But

.ó “Linneus T his editii &c. — ^ $ Jussieu. : ——
t Jacquin frequently, but not invariably. § Swartz. || Retzius. € Willdenow. |
wg uro this

336 Mr. Roscoz's New Arrangement of the Plants Scitaminee.

this very circumstance renders them of the greatest use in de-
termining the specific characters of these plants ; which are not
always obtained without difficulty from the general habit and
leaves. Of these facts whoever examines the parts of fructifica-
tion of the Cannas, the Zingibers, or the Kempferias, will be fully
convinced. 1

I must further observe that in the true Scitaminean plants,
the stigma is almost uniformly hollow and cup-like, frequently
compressed, with the edges of the cup finely ciliated. "The style
is thread-like and flaccid, but so elastic, when stretched, as to
bear a considerable tension. But these parts, which are often of
so much importance in determining the generic yoni afford
in this instance but little assistance.

The principal distinctions on which it is proposed. to Susie
the genera of these plants will appear in the following synopti-
cal table; to which I shall add a brief notice of each genus,
and an examination of the species, as far as either the plants,
or good and authentic figures and descriptions of them, have
enabled me to ascertain ams mith, SON Soe

`

MONAN-

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338 Mr. Roscoz's New Arrangement of the Plants of the.

CANNA.

Anthera simplex, filamenti margini adnata. Stylus crassus,
claviformis. Stigma obtusum. Capsula trilocularis, Semina
globosa, numerosa.

Tap. XX. Fig. 1. 3

This genus is one of the most definite and certain of the Mo-
nandrian plants. The species of which it is composed are not
of extraordinary rarity, and. produce their flowers freely. The
essential character consists in the single anthera, attached to

the margin of the petal-like filament ; and in the strong erect
club-shaped wus

C. indica. Corolla: limbo interiore trifido ; ; taonga lanceolatis
| acuminatis strictis. |

Canna indica, var. rubra (4) Aiton. Hort. Kew.

oa Gartner. 1. 37. tab. 12.

i Bone aes =

C. coccinea. -Coroll Tint 90 interiore tri
strictis. toe :
Canna indica var. coccinea (y) Aiton. Hort. Kew.
Fig. Curt. Bot. Mag. tab. ADA,

— Bot. Gard. =e |

ido; laciniis emarginatis

C. nan solle rs i inada trifido; laciniis eee B
.. Canna indica, var. patens (2) Aiton. Hort. Kew.

e lutea. i Core læ limbo interiore bifido. - |
Canna indici var. lutea (8) A Hot gie

, e

°C, iiu,

Monandrian Class usually called Scitaminee. © 39

C. glauca, Corolle limbo interiore trifido; laciniis ovatis strictis,
nectario trilobato fimbriato. j
Fig. Dillen. Hort. Elth. 69. tab. 59. fig. 69.
Bot. Gard. Liverpool.

C. flaccida, Corolle limbo interiore trifido ; laciniis flaccidis.
Fig. Salisb. Ic. tab. 2. |
Bot. Gard. Liverpool.

MARANTA.

Anthera simplex, filamento adnata. Stylus petaliformis.

Stigma subtrigonum. Semen unicum. = ©
Tan. XX. Fig. 2.

Maranta agrees with Canna in the single anthera being at-
tached to the petal-like filament; but is sufficiently distinguished
by the broad, petal-like, : sets Hye, pectmestetod 7 an angu-

lar stigma. |
It is surprising that any difficulty should have arisen in distin-
guishing the plants of this genus from those of Alpinia ;

which are true Scitaminean plants, with the filiform style. sup-
pogen by the furrow: 9E the, double anibani. d whilst in 1 Maranta

M. od Cao ramoso DCN foliis. ovato-lanceolatis
nacea. subtus pilosiusculis. Willd. Sp. PL F A
. Fig. Martyn. Cent. "n ue "99 LEE,
Bot. Gard. Liverpool. oe

M. lutea. Culmo ramoso nodoso, foliis c ovatis, foribus spicatis, |
bracteis coloratis. ©
Fig. Jac. Ic. Rar. v. 2. tab. 101. Collect. v. 4 117.
| are | M. comosa.

540 Mr. Roscoz's New Arrangement of the Plunts of the

M.comosa. ? Linn. Suppl. 80.
Communicated by Dr. Smith from the Linnæan Her-
barium.— 4n novum genus?

M. sylvatica, *— Bot. Gard. Liverpool ; but has not yet flowered.

THALIA.

Anthera simplex, ovata, filamento proprio depresso innixa.
Stylus brevis, ab antherå deflexus. - Stigma perforatum, ringens.
Capsula bilocularis. Semina duo, ginie: splendentia.

Tas. XX. Fig. 3

This genus, although. considered by E as aee. aia?
founded by Linnzus on the figure of Plumier only, is well distin-
guished from the rest of the order, and confirmed by the disco-
very of additional species, In their habit, these plants nearly ap- :
proach Maranta, but differ greatly in their fructification ; having

dic.

a proper stamen and style, reflexed in o

T. genicu- Calyce unifloro, culmo ramoso, sine Ewa
lata. nosis.

T sot € 98. 108.

T dealbata. calyce bifloro, culmo arundinaceo pulverulento, foliis
. . apice revolutis. -
— Fig. Fraser 1c. —
Bot. Gard. DLüverpool.

- ` Monandrian Class usually called Scitaminee. —— 341
PHRY NIUM.

Anthera simplex. —Filamentum subulatum, breve. Stylus
crassus, brevis, antheram versüs inclinatus. Capsula trilocularis.
Semen unicum, ovatum, leve. i

From the Phyllodes placentaria of Loureiro, Willdenow has
constituted this genus, which he has referred to the Hort. Mal.
v. 11. tab. 34. This figure was considered as the Pontederia ovata
of Linnæus; but Swartz, in his Obs., p. 123, has observed that it
is of the Monandrian pm Mecca alied to Thalia, and perhaps
a species of that genus. - |

The full description es by Louwteiro enables us to charac-
terize it as a genus, with tolerable accuracy; and its singular
mode of inflorescence, from the petiole of the flowering leaf,
Siibingeips it from all the rest of the Monandrian plants.

P. , capitatum. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 1. ‘17. |
i DE: Rigt Hort. Mal. v. 11. tab. 34.

MYROSMA.

7 dace simplex Suin, mems, dae Jengitüdivalite:
furis" na scens. Capsula —— e,

polyspeims. -
— TAL AE. Fig. 4.
In stamen : and style. this genus | resembles Thalia, from which it

differs in having a trilocular capsule with many seeds. Willde-
now observes that it is likewise. allied to Phrynium, but differs

also in the fruit. ile

M. canneformis. Willd. Sp. PL v. 1. 13. boron
021701 Lie e. vp NL can-

542 Mr. Roscor’s New Arrangement of the Plants of the

x
\

M. cannefolia. Linn. Suppl. 80.

Erroneously referred by Linnzus to Rheede, Hort.
Mal. v. 11. fab, 34. — (Phrynium capitatum) to
which figure Gmelin has also referred his Maranta
Allovia, and Pontederia ovata.

PHILYDRUM.

Anthera duplex. Filamentum ad basin lanuginosum, extra
antheram non elongatum. Stylus erectus, in sulco anthere re-

ceptus, Stigma capitatum. Capsula trilocularis. | Semina n nume-
rosissima, minutissima, scabrata.

Tas. XX. Fig. 5. |
From the plant named by Loureiro Gareinia cochinchinensis,
this genus was formed by Sir J oseph Banks, (who found the plant
in New Holland) and has been adopted by Geertner and Willde-
now. Although differing greatly in its habit from the rest of the
order, it appears to be a true Scitaminean plant; the anthera

embracing the style, and the dried flowers, when immersed in
boiling water, emitting : a stron aromatic odour, —

FS CS coat ust Wild. Sp. PL v. ] I cq XR m
Fig. Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 788. Ger E v. l. ra tab. 16.
"Ji 10;

H EDYCHIUM:

| Anthera duplex, | Filamentum gebicdlatüns extra antheram
on elong atu Stylus filamento dupló bee acces tena-
cissimus, i in I anthere reptas

TIB “Wass XX. Be 6. Su
-The bbos of etus peated by. J ussieu, that He dychium

`- Monandrian Class usually called Scitaminee, = 348

is nearly allied to Kempferia, seems not to have been founded on
any actual inspection of the plants, which differ no less in their
habit than in their fructification. - Not to mention the long linear
segments of the exterior limb ar the corolla, by which deno:
feria is distinguished from every other genus, the difference be- |
tween it and. Hedychium is strongly marked by the anthera-bear-
ing filament; which in Kempferia extends beyond the anthera,
and diverges into two foliaceous lobes, whilst in Hedychium the
anthera is terminal, naked, and affixed to each margin of the
filament. | ^n

To Alpinia, Hedychium is more nearly related; but is sufli-
ciently distinguished. by its long tube. and interior trifid corolla.
It may also be observed that in Alpinia, the double anthera is
attached in two adjacent lobes to the front of the filament, and
not to the revolute margins, as in Hedychium.

H. coronarium, Willd. Sp. Pl. o. 1. 10.
— —Fig. Curt. Bot. M ag. 708.
Bot. Gard. Liverpool.

id

: ib. | 0. the Alpinia racemosa of. Linnzus ;. of which | |
a “specimen remains in his herbarium, which I have had an —
oppor tunity of examining, vile the favour gd its Bigs liberal

944 Mr. Roscoz's New Arrangement of the Plants of the

charácteristic is its simple uncrowned filament, terminating
with the anthera which it supports; a distinction which sepa-
rates it from all the rest of the tribe, except Philydrum and
Hedychium ; from the first of which it is distinguished by the
absence of the woolly. appendage at the base of the tube ;
from the latter, by the anthera not being placed. marginall yon
the filament ; and from both by its corolla, which (independent
of the large-lobed. lip of the nectarium) consists of only. three
segments, without any interior limb. - |

I have no hesitation in referring to this ; pénus the Hellenia of
Willdenow *, ( Heretiera Retzii ) and the plants given as Reneal-
mias in Andrea Botanists Repository (fig. 360 and 421).
These plants all agree with Alpinia both in habit and fructifica-
tion. The growth is caulescent, the inflorescence terminal, the
anthera flat and naked, the corolla has no interior limb (except
the large petal-like nectarium may be so called)—circumstances

of coincidence which surely forbid their being considered as dif-
ferent genera.

But although the genus pea of ' Willdenow, a and the Re-

nealmias of Andrews's: Bot. Re } sorbed i
genus Alpinia, this may not be th the F
tata, the plant on which the genus Renealmia v was founded by the
younger. Linneus 5 the racemus of which is described as not.

* The name of Hellenia was em dee by E in honour of professor Hel-
lenius of Abo, and applied to designate the plant now called Costus speciosus, which
had before.been named by Kænig Banksia speciosa, and which Retzius had before in-

tended to name Swartzia, but found that two genera | bad already been named by different
persons after the eminent botanist to whom that appellation alludes. : Willdenow being
aware that this plant was the Costus speciosus, abolished the name of Hellenia as ap-

plied to it, but gave the same name to another tribe of- Monandrian plants, the Lan-
guis of Koenig ; whic h Retzius had before, in a dinh Meran named Heritiera ; i
that — having also been ERPE. ads

Monandrian Class usually called Scitaminea. 345

terminal, but is said to rise from the trunk near the root. It
must, however, be observed, that this part of the description was
adopted, as Dr. Smith informs me, from the figures of Rumphius,
v. 6. fig. 62, 63. which are now ascertained to be wrong ; and the
synonym is consequently rejected by Willdenow. Whether the
Renealmia exaltata may be found to be an Alpinia *, I have had
no opportunity of determining. On this subject the observations
of Mr. Haworth in the Bot, Rep. p. 421. are entitled to particular
attention.

A. racemosa. Nectario trifido, f foliis giete-lanceolatis s apice revo-
UM -— lutis, capsulis striatis.- y.
E Plum. Amer. tab. 2U.

A. Galanga. Nectario emarginato, foliis lanceolatis enervibus,
|... capsula trigono-ovata glabra. |
Maranta Galanga. Linn.
Amomum Galanga. Lour. Fl. Coch. oe
Fig. Rumph. Amb. v. 5. tab. 63.

A. yo Swartz Prodr.
Nectario emarginato, : foliis Ianccolato-ovatis. s glaber

.

| has communicated a flower of this species

from a West Indian specimen.
A. malaccensis. Nectario apice denticulato, culmo simplici, foliis
; e e ires ih po — Meo obe en

amnia de ig Willa. Sp- Pl. v. T 14.
we Rumph. Amb. v. 5. It, tab. 71. fie. 1.

* Dr. Smith i is of opinion, that the parts of its flower ‘Peay, agree "ds those of
Renealmia nutans, which is certainly an Alpinia.
-YOL. VIII. 2v OE A. Allughas.

946 Mr. Roscor’s New Arrangement of the Plants of the

A. Allughas. | Nectario | bilobato, foliis lanceolatis integerrimis,
T capsulis subspongiosis.

Hellenia Allughas. Willd. Sp. Pl. v; i4.

Heritiera Allughas. Retz. -

Fig. Retz. Obs. fasc. 6. ts tab. 1. Anne Hort. Mai.

v. 11. tab. e ?
A. alba. Nectario bilobato, foliis integerrimis margine cal-
s losis albicantibus ciliatis. .capsulà obsoleté sugu-
losà colorata.

- ficients alba. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 1. 5.

Languas vulgare. Kenig. in Retz. Obs. fasc. 3. 64.
= por lucem od es EIC 6. 18.

a chinensis, Necta margine. Tenten: foliis oblong sub-
à ciliatis apice recurvatis. —

.. Hellenia chinensis. Willd. Sp. Pi. v. t b
Heritiera chinensis. Retz. Obs. fase. 6.18.

d. Vie, Nectario obcordato quadrid. olis acutis

denticulatis, capeulà gabri, seminibus quinis plu-
^ wibuskte: 53:53

S TERR aquatica. Willd. pun Pl. Ax 1. &

2 eitig HM- Bine Obs. Mite 6. 18.
u tie CNectario obsoletd trilobate 4 Hiis witivotitsj foliis
concen atis, capsul "vecti sit
Es COM. Linn. Mant. 2. 170. — ee ati |
^. Fig. Andr. Bot. poms tab. 360. _ |
Bot. Gard. Liverp -

oe. | sub wülcerdia.

Monandrian Class usually called Scitaminea. — — 343

Ay calcarata. Nectario- ovato-oblongo No cedit foliis
x ensiformibus, capsula hirtá. -
Fig. Andr Bot, Rep. tab 421. ©

| A. aaoi ? Foliid intr mirua
Bot. Gard. Liverpool.

.ZINGIBER.

- Anthera duplex. —Filamentum extra antheram elongatum >

apice subulatum, sulcatum. Stylus i in sulco angie receptus.
= KE x E os SE ie ae a rd E. " Suns m het? eh

It has been well et byJ y ussieu, that the Zingibers flower
in a dense spike near to the stem, the Cardamoms in a lax
panicle at the base of the stem *. Such : an uniform natural
distinction in the habit of. these plants. gave great reason to sup-
pose that by a closer examination sufficient generic distinctions
would be ascertained. This expectation has been fully con-
firmed. In the aah of the trim tribe, it appead that uA

term ped g roove SE arov
to o evë th T after i a has aed bolyan the lobes of the
anthera, and which terminates ‘with the stigma a little beyond
the extremity of. the filament; but in the plants of the Car-
damom or proper Amomum ‘tribe, the anthera-bearing filament
terminates in an ap ;endage c of three or more lobes, and differs

also in other respects, as will be more particularly noticed under.
the. genus. „Amomum. j | at or

» Fiore in ding Ueriar Ocal? BARS (ju al si
paniculati, ad basim caulis. Juss. Gen. 09; 79 ^7 5057 o8 0—
z^ c T 2y2 nee e da

348 Mr. Roscon’s New Arrangement of the Plants of the

- In adopting the name of Zingiber, I may be supposed to have

tollowed Geertner; but it must be observed, that Gertner seems

merely to have changed the name of Amomum for that of Zingi-

ber. At least, the plants. described by him under that name are
| all of the Cardamom tribe Sd Sate bean

e. oftesale. Bisetets ovato-lanceolatis, laciniis corolle revo-

lutis, nectario trilobato. .
Amomum Zingiber. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 1. 6. o
. Fig. Jacq. Hort. Vind. 9.1. t. 55: s ope d
Bot. Gard. et foe ponh sity

| 2. Zerumbet. inte: ovatis bias laciniis coroll erectis
/ acutis, nectario bilobato. - i

SAA Zerumbet. Willd. Sp. PL v. 1. +6. em

Zir enfin tic dm decis A

x Mags. - Laciniis corolle acutis con
tario ovato concavo.
E ťa a pene lB on 1

Cx Egi

opt

A roseum. — Been d finccapadn pes laciniis s coroll re-
è ier ied nectario OIRRE feei

$ vip `

d rian Class usually called Scitaminea. — 349

To the foregoing species several others may perhaps be added.
I have two plants not’ hitherto* described, which have not yet
fowered; but which I conceive to be of this genus. The leaves
of both, when rubbed, emit a strong cinnamon-like odour ; but
. they are probably specifically distinct from each other, the
loves of comb one dero € wia or the other opore d

Hs (as

“Costus.
° Anthera duplex. Filamentum extra antheram elongatum,
apice ovato-lanceolatum, planum. ^ Capsuk Más, extüs

— Semina numerosa.

Tis! XX. Fe 9

Although highly ortinmnental plants, the part on which the ge-
neric distinction is chiefly founded. is more simple in these than
in almost any others of the tribe ; the filament being petal-like,
linear, flat, extending beyond the anthera, and terminating in an
ovato-lanceolate apex. In their natural rabit these plants are
: distinguished, fon the rest of the order by their ‘inclined | and

cq. P L. Rar. Iydabs VI cis
Bo Gard. à Lip a

em C. alice aria ute e aiina vtrinque. E E
z ; Fig. cos Hort. Mal. v. 11. tab. 8? e HE

350 Mr. Roscoz's New Arrangement of the Plantsof the

C. spicatus. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 1. 10.
— - Nectario undulato sub-trifido, foliis acuminatis integer-
rimis nitidis basi attenuatis. is
Alpinia spicata. Jacq.
Fig. Jacq. Amer. tab. 1.

C. comosus. Nectario crasso oblongo canaliculato erecto apice
quinquedentato, foliis lanceolatis andolsti siague
subvillosis. «=. DERD c

. Alpinia comosa. - Willd. Sp. Plo Ve pr Clas A gi *
Fig. Jacq. PI. EP. v. 2. tab. 202. |

C. spiralis. Nectario c concavo » intorno, foliis elongato-ellip-
ticis coriaceis nitidis. -
. Alpinia spiralis. Jacq.

Per ded Hort, Schonb. 0... tab. 1. avid pata y

TA». XX. Pu 10.

By the two-lobed apex of the anthera-bearing filament this
genus is sufficiently distinguished. from the rest of the tribe.
| zs is not aore vithoŭt other striking characters; among which

iE if the corolla are

‘he Fructihcwlbin’ of these plants arises

without aie. scape or stem, from a general involucrum or

"pe m e sessile on the root; containing a considerable
| flowers, each Gare eec ai furnishei

a proper talya: aR quaii pianiigshall shes Hr

rs dedi I. me K. Pofunda:

Class usually called Scitaminee, | ^ — 351

K. "nnn. ann laciniis dorsalibus lanceolatis acutis ; anticá
0o bipartitá: lacinulis. obovatis, foliis. ehem hte
Eos use aln n
Kempferia rotunda. Ties Sp. PL. pay 2. $e | |
Fig. Rheede Hort. Mal. o. 11. t. 9. Jacq. Hort. Schon
-- 9. 8. tab. 317. Curt. ores dn t. 920.
- Bot. Gard. —

K. Ulanga "Nectenr RR dace otros, obisilis; AiE: trilo-
= batis ; „antich. bilobà midulató, foliis. ovatis subtüs

. Alpini d — Die. fare x6
Fig Rheede Hort. Mal. v. 11. t. Al.
_ Bot. Gard. Liverpool. i

K angusti- Nectarii leciniis a ee fidis ‘ipa: anticd

- folia. emarginatá, foliis lanceolatis subtüs n gareecentibue
`; =v Bet. Gard. Liverpool.

pu Lr Nectano lanceolato, Tolus ovatis. | |
Kempferia rotunda, Don SR

p EX XX. i n
; Although. suficient be 1 kn

352 Mr. Roscox's New Arrangement of the Plants of the

Intherto united under the common name of Amomum, yet further
observations on living plants will be necessary to ascertain their
specific distinctions. A specimen of the plant on which the
genus Amomum was founded by Linnzeus is preserved in his her-
- barium ; the flower of which I have, by the favour of Dr. Smith,
had an opportunity of examining; and have no hesitation in
considering it as a distinct genus from Zingiber, and as agreeing
in its generic distinctions with the Amomum angustifolium of Son-_
nerat, and with several others which will be enumerated amongst
the species. In the trilobate apex of the filament this genus
may be thought to resemble Curcuma ; but the difference be-
tween them consists in the anthera being placed in Curcuma on
the middle segment ef the filament ; whilst in Amomum it oc-
cupies the entire filament ; and in the Linnean specimen the two
lobes of the anthera seem to be placed near the margins of the
filament, and only to approach each other by their being rolled
in to receive the style. To this it may be added that the middle
segment or. the filament i is in some Bs eee = Amomum bifid.

a5: Ea i

A. cardamondi Er He dog | a
Spica radicali etn: obovata, foliis obovato-ellip-
ticis cuspidatis. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 1. 8.
| Mino verum. Ger. emac. 1548. f. 6.
Amomo legitimo degli antichi. Pona’ Baldo. 50.
Cardamomum minus. Rumph. Amb. v. 5. 122.
7'^teb.65. f. 1. Bont Hist. Nat; 196. cum icone
- (exclusá capsulá, que c — medii est).
cuc minus. Gert. tab. g^ |

; + These synonyms have been | settled i gi inem i ios a comparison c a authentic
specimens. : > A Sart | ;

S U diane

Monandrian Class usually called Scitaminea. 353

A. D Scapo nudo brevissimo, spicá capitata, foliis line-
. lium. ari-lanceolatis. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 1. 8.
Amomum angustifolium. Sonnerat Ind. Orn. v. 2
242. t. 197. 7
Cardamomum majus. Offic.
Zingiber Meleguetta. Gertn. tab. 12. fig. 1.

A.repens*. ^ Scapo ramoso decumbente, foliis lanceolatis.
| Willd. Sp. Pl. «. 1. 9.
Amomum repens. Sonnerat Ind. Orn. v. 2. 240. t. 136.
Fig. Rheede Hort. Mal. v. 11. tab. A. 5.
Bot. Gard. Liverpool; but has not flowered.

A Grana Pa- Scapo ramoso laxo, foliis ovatis. Willd, Sp. Pl.

radisi. v. 1. 9.
Fig. Rheede Hort. Mal. v. 11. tab. 6?

A. villosum. Scapo vaginato brevissimo, spica subrotundá,
bracteis lanceolatis flore longioribus. Willd. Sp.
PU v. 178.
ewe Beal Amb. v. 6. 137. tab. 61 fe 2

P P. AOb as pedmuculatis E bbur: inp. foliis acu-
tis, ge Si globos Melanie Bus, Obs. fasc.

A. echinatum. Spica yeaa semi gubglehost, capsulis sulcatis
| . —echinatis globosis. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 1. 8.
ries n. 2. Retz. Obs. fasc. 3. 50.
Fig. pe Amb. v. 6. 137. tab. 61. fig. 1.

* Dr. Smith is padid Web this species, which affords the: common 1 Lesser Carda-
mom of the shops, is really an Alpinia.
VOL. VIII. 22 A. Af:elii.

$54 Mr. Roscoz's New Arrangement of the Plants of the

A. Afzelii. Scapo brevissimo, floribus aggregatis, foliis distanti-
.bus ovato-acuminatis integerrimis glabris..
Amomum exscapum. Sims.

Fig. Annals of Botany, No. 3. tab. 13.

CURCUMA.

Anthera duplex, bicalcarata. Filamentum qeialiormoe triloba-

tum, medio antheriferum, SOS

Tas. XX. Fig. 12.

This genus is not less distinguished from Amomum and Zingi-
ber (with which it has often been confounded) by its general
habit and inflorescence, than by the parts of its fructification.
In all the species the leaves are radical; but Zingiber and Amomum
are both caulescent. Curcuma flowers from a simple scapus.
The flowers are enveloped in large loose bractez, and not in com-
pact scales a as in ue. From some circumstance, not easy to

four barren stamina ange one fertile Stamens. a ppouedirity. which
no subsequent inquirer has been able to discover. Mr. Dryander
supposes that the generic character of Linneus was derived from
his Curcuma rotunda, the Manja Kua of the Hortus Malabaricus*,
which I have already referred to as Kempferia ovata.

c. Zedoaria. Foliis ovatis acuminatis, bracteis emarginatis.
. Amomun Zedoaria. Willd. Sp. Pl. v. 1. 7.
iE Rheede Hort. Mal, v. 11. tab. 7.
eens Obs. p. 8. "one the above igure t to be the

P * Trans, of Lim. Soc; vol. 2. did eat s TM |
| Amomum

SNARES s

Monandrian Class usually called Scitaminea. 355

_ Amomum Curcuma or Curcuma longa; and Jacquin

(Hort. Vind. tom. 3. 7. ponite it as at least of the
same genus.

C. montana. Foliis ovatis acuminatis, bracteis lanceolatis apice
coloratis.

Fig. Roxb. Pl. Corom. v. 9. tab. 151.

C. longa. Foliis ovato-lanceolatis, bracteis spatulatis.
Amomum Curcuma. Jacq.
Fig. Jacg. Hort. Vind. v. 3. tab. 4.
Bot. Gard. Liverpool.

The cuna rotunda of Willd. referred to the fig., in Hort.
= Mal. v. 11. tab. 10. is a Kempferia, as above mentioned.

GLOBBA.

Anthera duplex. Filamentum lineare, incurvatum, longissi-
mum, appendiculatum. Stylus laxus, filiformis, in medio an-
there receptus. — incrassatam. Nectarium utrinque

bifidum.

= ae "Tin. xx. die 13. Z
iie genus. in the whole order is more beautifully distinguished
by its generic characters than Globba, of which one species only
has been introduced, and that very recently, into this country.
Its chief peculiarity consists in its anthera-bearing filament, which
is of a very uncommon length, and terminates in an appendage
resembling, in one species at least, two crescents or half-moons
united to each other with the horns or points in opposite direc-
tions. At the union of these is placed the double anthera sup-
Honing the long filiform style, which frequently appears like a
t. 2.22 loose

356 Mr. Roscor's New Arrangement of the Plants of the

loose thread appended from the top of the anthera-bearing fila-
ment to the corolla below. The whole flower is of a bright yel-
low, and the tube and corolla somewhat hirsute.

G. marantina. Filamenti appendiculo bilunato, spicà foliis bre-
viore, bracteis latè ellipticis calyce longioribus.
Linn. Mant. 2. 170. Sm. Exot. Bot. v. 2. 85. t. 103.
Colebrookea bulbifera. Donn. Hort. Cant. 1.
Bot. Gard. Liverpool. Flowered in October 1805,
but not freely. Itis often viviparous, producing
bulbs instead of flowers.

ADDITIONAL NOTE.

Sıxce the foregoing paper was read to the Society it has been
discovered by Dr. Smith, from a comparison of a living speci-
men with that preserved in the Linnean Herbarium, that the
plant lately introduced into this country under the name of Cole-
brookea bulbifera is in fact the Globba marantina of Linnwus,
and the only species of the genus which Linnzus professes to
have seen. How this plant, which is truly scitamineous, with the
double anthera supported by a single filament and embracing
the style, could be referred by Linnzus to the class Diandria,
whilst the rest of its congeners were included under Monandria,
it is difficult to conceive; as well as to reconcile his description
in other respects with the appearance of the plant, The most
probable causes of such a series of errors are stated by Dr.
Smith, Ezot. Bot. vol. 2. p. 85. tab. 103. In consequence of this
discovery I have adopted the name of G/obba, which genus should
be removed from Diandria to M onandria.

| This

Monandrian Class usually called Scitaminee. 957

This alteration will excite the less regret, as the other Linnzan
species of Globba are very different plants, and will proba-
bly be referred either to some of the present genera of Mo-
nandria, or will form new genera not yet described. The hete-
rogeneous assemblage of which the Diandrian genus of Globba
now consists, cannot in the present rapid progress of the science
long remain united. - |

But whilst the Monandrian genus Globba will thus necessaril y
exclude many of the plants at present erroneously enumerated
as species, it will admit several others of which specimens exist
in Sir Joseph Banks’s and Dr. Buchanan's collections ; and
among the rest the Hura Siamensium of Retzius; a plant
which it has been hitherto found impracticable to reduce to any
. determinate genus. For this information I am also indebted
to Dr. Smith ; from whose further researches, aided by the excel-
lent figures of Mr. Sowerby in Exotic Botany, we may shortly
hope for a full elucidation of this very difficult subject ; my ac-
knowledgments are also due to Mr. Dryander, whose intimate
acquaintance with this tribe of plantsis well known, and who has
done ine the honour of perusing the preceding arrangement, since
it was read before the Society, and of suggesting several valuable

Se GF m E co ram A c or iw ara
E xo us

TOMAR S 5 cm

E af
T "ve y
A Ne 1X-

XX. Extracts from the Minutr-Boox of the Linnean Society
of London.

Feb. 21. Tur Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks communi-
1804. cated an account of the Centriscus Scolopax having
lately been driven on the shore of a fishing cove belong-
ing to Philip Rashleigh, Esq., at Menabilly near Fowey,
Cornwall, whose letter on the subject to Sir Joseph,
accompanied by a coloured drawing, was laid before

the Society *.

E

Nov. 6. Read a letter from the President pare the fol-
Jowing remarks on British plants :

The Sonchus alpinus of Hudson, ceruleus of T Fi.

Brit., introduced into the list of British plants on the

authority of Wallis’s History of Northumberland, proves

to be nothing more than Cichorium Intybus, according

to the observations of Mr. Winch in the places where

Wallis reports it to grow. Dr. Smith has however re- .

ceived from Mr. George Don a specimen of the real E

Sonchus ceruleus, gathered on the Scottish mountain of LE.

z Lochnagore, so thatit is still entitled to a place in the

— Flora Britannica.
-The Lonicera Xylosteum of Wallis is found also by.
= e Mr. Winch to be only a dwarf maritime variety of

* A figure of this fish has been published by Mr. Donovan in his Nat. ‘Hist. of
British Fishes, tab. 63 A zs

I. Peri- - r

Extracts from the M inute- Book of the Linnean Society. 359

Jan. 21.
1806.

L. Periclymenum, and his Cistus eni iid to ' be C. Heli-

anthemum.

Ligusticum scoticum was found in July 1804, near
Taaa castle, Northumberland, by Mr. Winch,
for the first time in England.

Juncus Forsteri was observed this summer in a wood
between Hall Place and Harley-ford, eee by
Mr. W. F. Drake.

An error in the last page of Fl. Brit. vol. 3. requires
correction. Bartramia ; gracilis is to be struck out of the

Trish Flora only, Mr. Dickson's Scottisli plant, given to
. Dr. Smith in 1788, being perfectly right.

Read a letter from the President, stating that Bux-
baumia aphylla has lately been found growing at p
ston near Norwich.

CATA-

CATALOGUE.

OF THE

LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

Continued from Page 313 of Vol, VII, of the Society's Transactions.

N. B. Books which are Continuations of Works included in any of the former Parts of the Catalogue have the
original Numbers here affixed to them; and the other Books are numbered in regular Progression. |

occ RE i —À

ESIE : De
589. Banxs’s (Sir Joseph) Short Account of. the Cause of the Disease in Corn
called Blight, Mildew, and Rust. London, 1805, 4to.

590. Biot (J. B.) Relation d’un Voyage fait dans le Departement del'Orne. — Paris,
_ 1804, 4to.

-

a, vol. 2. Olissiponæ, 1804, 8yo,

592. Phytographia Lusitaniæ selecti -, fasc. 1. Olissiponze, 1800, 4to.
593. Camper (M. A. G.) Notice de la Vie et des Ecrits de Pierre Camper. Paris,

1803, 8vo,

594. Chevalier's (T.) Treatise on Gun-shot Wounds. London, 1804, 8yo.
595. De Geer (C.) Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire des Insectes, tom. 7. Stockholm,
1752—78, Ato. |

538. Dillwyn’s (L. W.) Synopsis of British Conferve, fasc. 5—11. London,

: 1803—6, 4to. eae Se vest,

. 596. Galpine’s (J.) Synoptical Compend of British Botany. Salisbury, 1806, 8vo.

597. Haworth (A. H.) On the ZEgyptian Lotus. London, 1804, Ato.

.598. Hill's (J.) Vegetable System, 94 vols. London, fol. - sagt oH [m
599. Hyacinthus (P. F. C.) Index Plantarum Horti Botanici Melitensis. 1806, 19mo.

600. Koeler (G. L.) Sur les Boutons et Ramifications des Plantes. Mayence, 1805,

4to. pion eae

354. Konig (C.) and J. Sims’s Annals of Botany, No. 4—5. London, 1804— 5, 8vo.

REU AIEE Ta ee & 8 : EAS 601. Lace-

& Lee Pe a
EY ;
t ¥
a Y y
7 i ^ `
* i v
* * 1

£ialógue of the Library of the Linnean Society. o.p]
601. da (C. ) Genera Plantarum cur. Reichard. Francofarti ad Misáunt; 1778, 8vo.
602. Lyons (J.) ness Plantarum circa A nascentium. Lond.
-Sye 4763; 8vo.
cep S sn -Maton's (W. G.) General; View i“ eu Writings of Lacon by Pulteney, with
: Corrections, Additions, and Memoirs of the Author. London, 1805, 4to. ih
846. Roxburgh's (W.) Plants of the Coast of Coromandel, vol. 2. part 4. London, fol.
604. hows (E.) Plantarum Guianæ rariorum NS et Descriptiones, vol. 1. ons
ge — 1805, fol.
£05. Schumacher (C.F ) Enumeratio Plantarum Seelandiæ Septentrionalis et genuis,
2 vol. Hafniæ, 1801—3, 12mo. :
606. Smith's (J. E.) Natural History of the rarer Lepidopterous Insects E Georgia,
from the Observations of John Abbot. @vols. London, 1797, 4to. -
AM. Suid "P Sowerby's. ord vol. 20—23. "London, 1804—6,
are .8vo. de eee eR
- eor. Smith (J. E.) ud. Senis: s Exotic Best. No. .1—22. Senden, 1804—6, 4to.
568. Sowerby’s (J.) British Mineralogy, No. 20—40. ~ London, 1804—6, 8vo.
608. British Miscellany ; No. 1—12. London, 1804—6, 8vo.
~ 609. Thunberg (C. P.) Icones Plantarum Japonicarum Yun 5ta. Upsaliæ, p fol.
domu Dissertationes aade? ee
eto. Antholyza. - cr :
- 611. . Bleria. = ze bec X GR ocu i
-619. ^ Phylica. | i
613. Thesium.
614. Remedia Sternutatoria. i
615. Horfi D pricas Plante. ohe. i ei Tg ee i ge

Te

r e (D. n X | "Dites Botan C Guide through Englanda e | Wales,
WAZ London,-1805, 8vo. ioo T 1
- 617. Wade (W.) Plante rariores in. iharaira. Dublin. 1804, 6. -
618. Walckenaer (C. A.) Tableau des Araneides. Paris, 1805, 8vo. - —
| 619. Weber (F.) & M. H. Mohr, Naturhistorische Reise; dureh. einen. sma Schwe-
|. dens. Gottingen, 1804, NW —
488. Philosophical a of the eid Society of London for 1804—6. "Lows 2s
.don,4to. ^ '- a
439. Transactions of the Site for die ubooragettent of Ans, Manufactures, and ce
‘Commerce, vol. 22—23. London, 8vo. . Be ape 2
440. Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. Sec
= puc 0 series, vol. 1: Manchester, 1805, 8vo. cen
m bt e. 528 - Asiatic Researches, vol, 8.- Calcutta, 1805, Ato. - =
(0 0 Voke VIIL 3A

- ; Ln > ys

. Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. 10. Dublin, 1808,
» Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 6, part 1.

x
Jw PES Aere i.

(894
585

edet ves A Se
e z se

Be Sane Bad E

Edinburgh,

2 1806, 4to. es

Shas wol RS OP

621. Nova Acta Acadet

‘Sciences 1
a

A E
Acta A
poli, 4to,

cm

Montagnes, 2 iom.

HIE z

M k! 7 i 2T
à 2

mmittee on the

asos of : supposed Small Po

ort of a A cdical GC x after Vac-
- London

MEE

rye

NS WO
— — e ais
b P = ~*~

.. D. Felix de Avellar Brotero, FMLS: 591. 592.
Mr. Thomas Chevalier, F.L.S. 594.

(c.

LIST OF PRORORS

LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,

55 With References to the Kunter affixed in the foregoing Cata-

logue to the Books presented by them respectively.

+ x

Tus Royal Society of London, 438.
The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 527.
The Royal Irish Academy, 584.

. The Asiatic Society, 528.

The American Philosophical Society, 585.
The Honourable Court of Directors of the East India Company, 346.
Society for the Encouragem at of Arts, Manufactures, and Comanerce, 439.
ary ad Philosophical oden of Manchester, 440. |

The Horticultural Society of London, 624.

The Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K.B. H.M.L. S. 589. 593. 601.
619..620. 621. 692. s sn

4 | 4 ; ‘ ý

Mr. Lewis Weston Dillwyn, F.L.S. 538.,

- Jonas Dryander, Esq. V.P.L.S. 605. za e 1

D. Hippolitus Durazzo, F.M.L.S.. 623. 4
Edward Forster, Jun. Esq. F.L.S. 602. ae MI

Lieut, Colonel Thomas Hardwicke, F.L.S. 598.

$964 c Donors ta the Library of the Linnean Society.

Adrian Hardy Haworth, Esq. F.L.S. 597,
George Lewis Koeler, M.D. 600.
Mr. Charles Konig, FS. y — .

and p 54.
John Sims, M.D. F.L.5. 2
Alexander MacLeay, Esq. Sec. L.S. 590.
William George Maton, M.D. V.P.L.S. 608.
Mr. Charles Pears, F.L.S. 625.
Edward Rudge, Esq. F.L.S. 604. |
. Mr. James Sowerby, F.L.S. 377. 568. 607. 608.

Sir Charles Peter Thunberg, M.D. ioe L.S. 399, 609. 610, 611. 612, ata,

614. 615. i

- Dawson Turner, Esq. F.L.S.
| and. jos.

Mr. Lewis Weston Dillwyn, F.L.S,
Walter Wade, M.D. A.L.S. 617.
M. C. A. Walckenaer, 618. -
Patrick Wilkie, Esq. F.L.S. 599,

Joseph Windham, Esq. F.L.S. 595.

DIREC-

Asi eeu itas Ru uec s

| DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING THE PLATES i
OF THE '

| ^ EIGHTH VOLUME,

Sa aii r1 E 7 oe AE E E e E i ag NS aoe a E RA

WAP Bitch Shells - < <- - + - 54 todat page 240

: ‘pie aiiin, He 9 o e cv» s) n ymur. e. 200..
7. Dipus indicus - = = >» IS are g Ce om ed M n 279
8. Styphelia amplexicaulis - - - -.- - - -.--*- 2939.
9, Cyathodes laurina > - - - tome teen ne 998.

10, Tetratheca glandulosa ,

“11. Tetratheca Ericæfolia

. 12, Beckea linifolia - - - - Tum

1 a
8
Uu
v a
ees
€, 4
1 8
© t
FEAR
LAS
Pes
ee
t5 N
$ È

-—
e
a
L]
L]
L]
LI
1
Li
*
‘
a
1
V
'
LI
se:
bo

'

‘

'

LI

4

1

1

LI

5

E

Li

1
En
D

17. Caltha radicans
18, Rudgea lanceefolia VÀ ON MA Mor ee ae
19, Rudgea ovalifolia - cin I mI ER Uu ia ec» 898
S99 Generic Characters of ‘Sciaminean Plants ROREM

a
4
Li
`
D
e
'
4
a
Lu
d
1
9
t5.

ADDENDA rr CORRIGENDA, - :

Page 2, 1. 96, for de Serres read de Serra,

,

usd at the bottom, for Linn. Trans. vol, vi. read Lina, Trans, vol, vii,
>

95. 1-18, d

94, l. 4,

Esi for Nat. Hist. of t read Brit. Shells,
asy >

26, last line;

24, between lines 8 and 9 from the bottom, insert Pulteney i in Hutch. Deiat: t, 2. Wi. 9.

27, l. 7 from the bottom, for p. read n. ~ 7

28, l. 9 from the bottom, for subtriangulari read compressa ; and add, after the ward x levi,"
~ thë words pedunculo insidente. *

$4, l. 3 from the bottom, for 2125 read 2127.
$6, l. 9, for f. 8. read f. 2.

— i. 16, for posterius hiante read postice hians,
50, above line 2 insert ** Ovate, compresse.

52, 4. 13, for substriata read subrostrata. =
54, l. 2 from the bottom, for rectiuscula read rectiusculo.
$6, L9 from the bottom, for suhgioboio-teserima read subglobosa, ——

71, margin, for f. 10. read f. 11.

78, 4. 7, for mutice read-mutica, -

87, /. 2 from the bottom, for f. 14. read f. 13. =
92, i. 10, for 117. read 547.

To the references for Arca minuta add Datina in mae; Dorset. t, 1. £ 16.

95, i. 5 from the bottom, dele the word ineguivalois. - = Seba © oe
96, /. 13, after the word testa insert inequivalvi.
nt, LS aud 6 from the bottom, for compresso-carinatis read compressis, echinatis,

98, /. 14, dele the words striis compressis echinatis,

—— 1. 18, after the word testa insert inequivalvi, ~ -

99, J. tt,
101; 4 8$,
106, L 16, for afixa read afrus, — `. > `o 7 à
111, l. 17, for epidermide read epidermidi, - ==
118, J. 9, after the word testa insert recta. -

122, l. 12 from the bottom, for aperta read aperte,

225, 1. 9 from the bottom, for J. 13. read f. 12.

128, transfer ir eem to Pulteney, placed under Bulla retusa, to B. obtusa; and MA 13. read
137. 1. 13 from the bottom, for vulgaris read vulgare, :

138, i. 12, for f. 19. read f. 23,

ca

^ make the same insertion, x M pee or me nt

_-—— | 11 from the bottom, for A. read B,

es "e ccc a ADDENDA i » CORRIGENDA.

Page140, 1 ios iis loea, after the word An i inert speci t — 3 Lm vy
149, Z 4 from the bottom, after the word enfra bus ix NX. —
| : 451, L5 from the bottom, for f. 11. read f. 1. A s.
E P ria l. 19, for the words has leen decried and red ny, read was first described and figured as
a -—— British. res due i
<- — 358, last line, for frequentisina read frequentius quu Le Huh di Me p rd .
ET .. 161, dele lines 5, 6, and 18, ; z TA PUE ULT
162, I. 8 from the bottom, Est cinia Wiad Peri 2 DU NEAR UE LP RUE M PE i
3 —— 49 from the bottom, for labrum read labium. “ * RR: Bs ois RUD
164, 1. 18, for f. 12. read f. 11, e m j Ei -
Det: — EENT AR a a
| | 175, 1.7,
D - 116, 1. 1%,

ica 191, 1.9,
: E - 185, P Box du foni f 12. read f. 12.9 TEE E^ :

S 184, /, 2 from the bottom, dele the words idole of der D ER

E S S ves go y 192, at the bottom, for t, 9. read £. 19, , dies ros Rec Tau Eae IES

| 193, margin, for t. 4. read t.5. - SIO Ga SWE ORT cu ur uA d "A

LS : 195, 4. 10 from the bottom, for 36.40, read 3640, o e. int
ces E e 200, l. 4 from the bottom, forthe wards vicum red th word eubiilium, Le

Š eae as l. 14 from the bottom, for aspera read aspersa. ——— v m d d

=~ et 209, to the reference for H, decustata vl Pulteney in Hutch, Dat 191. estu PES us =
A 914, LUN AT z ; E eo M ES ae eT 5 | 5
ees 217, 1.8, before the word Takas insert Color. ` ee E E ga

: — tothe rerence for H fori add Pulteney i Hate Dora t, 19.

223, cop f for Bulloides read MH