Curtis's botanical magazine.

“CURTIS 8

BOTANICAL MAGAZINE,

qq - GOMPRISING THE
Plants of the Ropal Gardens of Kew,

AND

OF OTHER BOTANICAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN GREAT BRITAIN;
WITH SUITABLE DESCRIPTIONS;

BY

SIR JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., C.B., K.C.S.L,
FR. 8., F.L.8:, ere:
DC.L. OXON., LL.D. CANTAB., CORRESPONDENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.

SA RAAN

VOL. xxxvi. &/

OF THE THIRD SERIES.
(Or Vol. CVII. of the Whole Work.)

“ Gall the vales and bid them hither cast
Their bells and flowerets of a thousand hues.”’

LL LLL IOI

LONDON:
L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.

1881.
| All vights reserved. ]

Mo. Bot. Garden,
1807.

PRINTED BY
GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LIMITED,
ST. JOHN’S SQUARE

TO

THE REV. H. N. ELLACOMBE, M.A,

BITTON VICARAGE.

My prar Mr. ELLAcomsr,

For upwards of half a century the Editors of
the Boranicat Macazinge have exercised the privilege of
dedicating a yearly volume to an individual distinguished for
his love of Botany and Horticulture.

Allow me, when adding your name to the list of recipients —
of this modest tribute, to record my high appreciation of the
value of your venerable father’s and your own intelligent

‘interest and zeal in the introduction and cultivation of
interesting, rare, and beautiful hardy plants, and your dis-
interested liberality in the distribution of them amongst
Horticulturists.

Believe me,
Most faithfully yours,
JOS. D. HOOKER.
Royat Garpens, Kew,
Dee. 1st, 1881.

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Tas. 6534,
SILPHIUM LACINIATUM.

The Compass Plant of the Prairies.

Nat. Ord. Composirm.—Tribe HELIANTHOIDER.
Genus Sinpuium, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p- 350.)

SILPHIUM laciniatum ; erectum, 3-8 pedale, ubique hispido-setosum, caule simplici
valido folioso, foliis petiolatis pinnatipartitis lobis magnis elongatis sub-
distantibus linearibus v. lineari-oblongis acutis remote dentatis lobatis pinna-
tifidisve petiolo amplexicauli, capitulis paucis subterminalibus subracemosis
3-5 poll. diam., involucri bracteis late ovatis apicibus patentibus v. recurvis
viridibus herbaceis, ligulis 20-30 horizontalibus anguste lineari-oblongis,
2-nerviis, acheniis late alatis apice profunde emarginatis.

8. laciniatum, Linn. Sp. Pl. n. 1301; DC. Prodr. vol. vi. p- 512; Linn. fil. Dec.
p. 5, tab. 3; Jacq. fil. Eclag. i. tab. 90; A. Gray, Bot. N. U. States (ed. 5),
9.

p. 24
S. spicatum, Poir, Suppl. vol. v. p. 157.

This noble plant was introduced into Europe, in 1781, by
M. Thouin, and flowered for the first time in the Botanic
Garden of Upsala in Sweden. It has been in cultivation in
Europe ever since, though its name and fame as the
Compass Plant of the Prairies is of comparatively modern
date, it having before that borne the popular names of
Turpentine Plant and Rosin-weed, except amongst the
hunters and settlers in the Western States. With regard
to the history of its reputed properties as an indicator of
the meridian by the position of its leaves, I am fortunate
in having recourse to my friend Professor Asa Gray, now
in England, who has most kindly furnished me with the
following very interesting account of this matter :—

**The first announcement of the tendency of the leaves
of the Compass Plant to direct their edges to the north and
south was made by General (then Lieutenant) Alvord, of
the U.S. army, in the year 1842, and again in 1844, in
communications to the American Association for the

JANUARY Isr, 1881.

Advancement of Science. But the fact appears to have
long been familiar to the hunters who traversed the prairies
in which this plant abounds. The account was somewhat
discredited at the time, by the observation that the plants
cultivated in the Botanic Garden at Cambridge, U.S., did
not distinctly exhibit this tendency. But repeated obser-
vation upon the prairies, with measurements by the compass
of the directions assumed by hundreds of leaves, especially
of the radical ones, have shown that, as to prevalent
position, the popular belief has a certain foundation in fact.
The lines in ‘Evangeline’ * were inspired by a personal
communication made by Gen. Alvord to the poet Long-
fellow.

“Since the leaves tend to assume a position in which
the two faces are about equally illuminated by the sun, it
might be suspected that their anatomical structure was
conformed to this position. This has been confirmed, first
by Mr. Edward Burgess, who, when a pupil of mine,
observed that the stomata were about equally abundant on
the two faces of the leaf; and next by Mr. Arthur, of Iowa,
who has recently published in Prof, Bersey’s Introduction
to Botany, a figure of a section of a leaf, showing that the
arrangement of the ‘ palisade cells’ of the upper and lower
strata is nearly the same. The leaves always maintain a
vertical position, except when overborne by their weight.
_ As to their orientation, not only is this rather vague in the

cultivated plant, but subject to one singular anomaly,
which may be commended to Mr. Darwin’s attention, I
have several times met with a leaf abruptly and permanently
twisted to a right angle in the middle ; 80 that, while the

- lobes of the basal half pointed Say east and west, those of
the apical half pointed north and south.”

* Though, no doubt, familiar to many of my readers, these lines will well bear
repetition here :—

“ Look at this delicate plant that lifts its head from the meadow,
See how its leaves are turned north, as true as the magnet ;

This is the compass flower, that the finger of God has planted

Here in the houseless wild, to direct the traveller’s journey

Over the sea-like, athless, limitles. te of the d
Such in the soul A gone is faith,” Ss waste of the desert.

I cannot congratulate the poet on the fidelity of the description of the plant asa |
“ delicate” one. take

To the above I have little to add. I have not been able
to detect any orientation of the leaves in the Kew cultivated
specimens, but these not being planted in a good exposure
all round, are out of court as witnesses. On the other
hand, when traversing the prairies with Dr. Gray, in 1877,
I watched the position of the leaves of many hundred
plants, from the window of the railway car, and, after some
time, persuaded myself that the younger more erect leaves,
especially, had their faces parallel. approximately to the
meridian line. JI may mention that I, on the same occasion,
convinced myself that the flower-heads of various of the
great Helianthoid Composite, that grew in hosts on the
prairie, did follow the sun’s motion in the heavens to a very
appreciable degree,—their morning and evening positions
being reversed. ‘This observation did not, however, extend |
to the Compass Plant, the rigid stout peduncles of whose
flower-heads would not be expected to favour such a
motion.

Though never before figured in any English work, the
Compass Plant has been for many years in cultivation in
Kew, where it forms a very striking object, growing eight
feet high, and flowering profusely in August and September
in the Herbaceous ground. In the United States its range is
from Michigan and Wisconsin, westward to the Rocky
Mountains, and southward to Texas and Alabama.—J.D. H.

Fig. 1, ray-flower ; 2, stigmatic arms of ditto; 3, scale of the receptacle; 4, disk-
flower; 5, stamen of ditto; 6, stigma of ditto; 7, scale of receptacle from disk ;
8, vertical section of receptacle ; 9, portion of leaf-margin:—all, but figs. 1, 3, 4,
7, and 8, enlarged.

Tas. 6535.
PITCAIRNIA ZEIFOLIA.

Native of Central America.

Nat. Ord. Bromrtraces.—Tribe Pitcargnriex.
Genus Pircargnia, L’ Herit.; (K. Koch in Walp. Ann. vol. vi. p. 78.)

Prrcarrn1a (Lamproconus) zeifolia ; foliis basalibus 5-6 rosulatis longe petiolatis
inermibus lanceolatis chartaceis 2-3-pedalibus utrinque viridibus e medio ad
apicem et basin angustatis, pedunculo elongato foliis pluribus reductis
vaginantibus acuminatis pradito, floribus pluribus ascendentibus laxe sub-
spicatis, pedicellis crassis brevissimis, bracteis ovatis rubris calyce subzequilongis,
calycis Along segmentis oblongis obtusis valde imbricatis viridibus glabris,
petalis albidis lingulatis obtusis calyce subtriplo longioribus basi haud appen-
diculatis, genitalibus petalis subequilongis, seminibus utrinque conspicue
caudatis.

P. zeifolia, K. Koch in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1854, App. p.11; Walp. Ann.
vol. vi. p. 80,

This is one of the small number of Pitcairnias from
Central America, with broad petioled leaves, large subsessile
flowers, large clasping bracts, and seeds conspicuously tailed —
at both ends, which make up the section Lamproconus,
published as a genus by Lemaire. Its nearest ally is the
New Granadan P. Funkiana of A. Dietrich, which was
figured under the name of P. macrocalyz, at tab. 4705 of
the Boranican Magazine. The present plant, although it
has been known for a quarter of a century, has not been
figured previously. It was discovered by Warcewicz in
Guatemala, and we have a fine specimen in the Kew
Herbarium, gathered by Purdie in the province of Santa
Martha in New Granada, about 1845. Our drawing was
made from a plant sent by Dr. Regel, which flowered in
the Palm House at Kew in December, 1879.

Duscr. Leaves five or six to a basal rosette; petiole
reaching the length of a foot, channelled, quite unarmed ;
lamina lanceolate, two or three feet long, two or two and a
half inches broad at the middle, papery in texture, green

JANUARY Ist, 1881.

on both sides, almost entirely destitute of lepidote scales,
narrowed gradually to both ends. Peduncle one or two
feet long, sheathed by numerous reduced lanceolate leaves
with long free tips. lowers a dozen or more in a multi-
farious rather lax subspicate raceme; pedicels very short
and stout; bracts bright red, ovate, about as long as the
calyx, which they clasp and conceal. Calyx oblong, an
inch long, green, naked; segments oblong, obtuse, much
imbricated. Petals greenish-white, lingulate, obtuse, about
three times as long as the calyx, not scaled at the base.
Stamens inserted at the base of the petals; anther linear,
yellow. Ovary adnate to the calyx only at the very base;
style filiform, reaching to the tip of the petals; stigmas
spirally twisted. Capseleas long as the calyx. Seeds very
‘ numerous, minute, with a tail an eighth of an inch long at
each end.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, apex of a stamen, magnified; 2, the pistil, complete, natural size 3
8, horizontal section of the ovary.

b. 596

M.8.del IN Fitch Lath

Vincent Brooks Day & Son im

L Reeve &C° London

Tas. 6536.
NYMPHANA TUBEROSA.

Native of Eastern North America.

Nat. Ord. NympHmAacex.—Suborder Nympaxn.
Genus Nympuma, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p, 46.)

NympaZza tuberosa; rhizomate repente tuberifero, tuberibus ovoideis solitariis v.
confertis, foliis submersis breviter petiolatis membranaceis lobis divaricatis,
natantibas magnis rotundatis, lobis approximatis acutis, subtus pallide viridibus
v. flavescentibus v. fusco-purpureis, floribus 4-7 poll. diam. fere inodoris, sepalis
4 viridibus, petalis numerosis oblongo-oblanceolatis obtusis albis, staminibus
extimis connectivo producto cuspidato, seminibus sessilibus globoso-ovoideis, -
arillo obsoleto v. brevi cupulari rarias completo.

N. tuberosa, A. Paine, Cat. Pl. Oneida, in Report of Regents of University of
New York, 1865, p. 1382; 4. Gray, Man. Bot. NV. U. States (ed. 5), p. 56.

It was not till 1865 that two species of White Water Lily
were established as indigenous in the United States of
America (though the veteran botanist Nuttall evidently
believed it), when the subject of the present plate was
- carefully distinguished from the common American Water
Lily, by a young local botanist, Mr. A. Paine. As
cultivated in England, the characters are not very obvious
whereby it is distinguished from N. odorata or N. alba, if
the creepirg rhizome be not examined, and so similar,
indeed, are these plants in flower and leaf, that I was
obliged to have recourse to raising the pot in which this
grew, for the purpose of verifying the drawing by an
examination of the root; when this is found to bear tubers
along the side of the rootstock, which are wanting in the
other American and the European species. Other characters
are the faint scent of N. tuberosa compared with the
delicious odour of odorata, the larger leaves, the crescent-
shaped stipules, more numerous veins of the leaf, and
more globose seeds, with a usually incomplete aril.

_ Nympheea tuberosa is a native of lakes and slow-running -
JANUARY lst, 1881.

waters in the North-Eastern United States, and may be the
plant alluded to by Nuttall as the European N. alba, with
which it agrees in being nearly scentless ; it is described as
having the leaves green or yellowish beneath, but in our
cultivated specimens they were of a pale dirty-purple.
The rootstock prolongs indefinitely, but the leaf-bearing tip
alone is vigorous, the old part decaying as the new elongates.
The tubers, which are one to four inches long, when fully
formed break away from the rootstock, and float about till
they are stranded and germinate; they resemble those of
the Jerusalem Artichoke, and as many as thirty have been
counted on six inches of rootstock. In shallow water both
leaves and flowers rise high above the surface; in deep
water the ripening fruit is drawn to the very bottom by
the spiral coiling of the peduncle. Cattle devour the

leaves; as do deer, which leave the woods at night to feed —

on them. The Royal Gardens are indebted to the Botanic
Garden of Harvard University, U.S., for tubers, which
flowered in July and August.

Descr. Rootstock creeping, bearing oblong tubers singly
or in clusters along its length. Leaves often very large, —

circular, eight to eighteen inches in diameter, sometimes
retuse with contracted sides, margin entire or undulate ;
nerves twelve to fifteen radiating from the base on each

side of the midrib, and five to seven from the latter ; lobes —

approximate or meeting, acute. Flowers four to seven
inches in diameter, slightly odorous when first opened,
smelling of apples or of Vanilla (according to various
authors), soon inodorous. Sepals and petals as in N. alba
and odorata. Anthers long, the outer with cuspidate tips.

Seeds with a usually incomplete aril, rarely with none or a
complete one.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, vertical section of ovary, disk, and stamens of WV. tuberosa ; 2, ditto of
N. odorata, both of the natural size; 3 and 4, front and back view of stamen of
NV, tuberosa ; 5, petaloid stamen of ditto :—all enlarged.

~

Vincent Brooks Day & Son, imp.

L. Reeve & C° London.

Tas. 65387.
STATICE raranica.
Native of 8S. E. Europe and Siberia.

Nat. Ord, Prumpacingz.—Tribe Sraricex.
Genus Statice, Linn, ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 625.)

Sraticr (Goniolimon) tatarica; glaucescens, foliis obovato- v. oblongo-spathulatis
mucronatis in petiolum brevem sensim angustatis, scapo humili paulo supra
basin divaricatim dichotomo late et patentim corymboso, ramis 3-quetris
patenti-recurvis, spiculis 1-2 floris in spicas terminales laxas yv. densiusculas
districho dispositis, bracteis herbaceis coriaceis angustis membranaceis pungenti-
bus acute carinatis, interiore 3-cuspidata cuspidibus rectis subzquilongis, calyce
infundibulari plicato, tubo undique breviter puberulo, limbi zquilongi lobis
oblongis obtusis, petalis basi connatis unguibus contiguis, stylis elongatis
papillosis, stigmatibus capitatis,

S. tatarica, Zinn. Sp, Pl. vol. i. p. 395; Willd, Sp. Pl. vol. i. p. 1527; Bieb. Fl.

~ Taur, Caue. vol. i. p. 251; Gmel. Fl. Sibir. vol. ii, p. 223, t. 92; Ait. Hort.
Kew. vol, ii. p. 182.

8. Besseriana, Ram. and Schultes Syst. vol. vi. p. 789; Reichb. Ic. Crit. vol. viii. -
t. 720. ,

8. trigona, Pall. Ind. Pl. Taur. (ex Rem. and Sch.).

GoONIOLIMON tataricum, Boiss.in DC. Prodr. vol. xii. p. 632, et in Flor. Orient.
vol. iv. p. 854; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vol. xvii. t. 88. :

With the exception of the Thrift—which is generally
consigned to do duty as ‘‘edgings,” and a few showy green-
house species—the genus Statice has found little favour of
late with cultivators; yet it contains many plants of singular
beauty and interest. Of these the palm must be given to
the Canary Island species, introduced by the late M. Bour-
geau, which were once the ornaments of a house at Kew
devoted to plants loving the dry climate of the South of
Europe (see Bot. Mag. tab. 3701, 3776, 4125, 5753, 5762),
but which have long since “gone out of cultivation,” S.
Holfordii, Hort., remaining as almost the only representative
of the group. Amongst the South-Eastern European ones
are many hardy kinds of remarkable beauty, such as the
subject of the present plate, whose flowering-corymbs (of
one plant) form together rounded masses a yard in diameter

JANUARY Ist, 1881.

of delicate sprays studded with ruby-coloured flowers, each
set in a silvery calycine cup; than which a prettier floral
object cannot well be conceived. It is a native of saline
districts in the South-East of Europe, from Dalmatia and
Hungary eastward through Bulgaria and S. Russia to the
Crimea and Siberia east of the Ural Mountains. A careful
comparison of the specimens cultivated at Kew as 8.
tatarica, and here figured, inclines me to think that this is
not the common form of that species, of which the numerous
Herbarium specimens which I have examined show denser
closer-set flowers, and that, but for the shape of the leaves,
it would be referable to the variety angustifolia of Boissier,
which has a more glabrous calyx and usually one-flowered
spikelets, and is the S. Bessertana, Roem. and Schult., of
which there is a poor figure in Reichenbach’s Iconographia
with the slender sprays and distant flowers of our plant.

S. tatarica was introduced into England in 1731 by
Philip Miller, and is described in the first edition of his
Dictionary as Limomium 5; it is perfectly hardy, flowers
in June and July, and remains long in bloom. :

Duscr. Root woody, perennial. Leaves tufted, four to
six inches long, oblong, spathulate or oblanceolate, acumi-
nate, mucronate, rigid, glabrous, narrowed into the petiole.
Scape short, stiff, erect, triquetrous, two to three inches
long, soon giving off a long broad recurved panicle of
distichous recurved slender triquetrous branches, which
again bear simple or branched distichous recurved spikes
one-half to one and a half inch long. Spikelets subunilateral
on the branches, distant, one- to three-flowered; outer
bracts ovate, keeled, pungent, with broad membranous
margins ; innermost oblong, with three nearly equal cusps.
Flowers one-sixth of an inch long. Calyx funnel-shaped,
plicate ; lobes short, oblong, obtuse, erect. Petals connate
at the base; claws long, contiguous, together forming a

tube; limb bright ruby-red, notched. Styles filiform ;
stigmas capitate.-—J. D. H.

_ Fig. 1, flower; 2, the same, cut vertically ; 3, stamen; 4, pistil; 5, outer, and, 6,
inner bract :—all enlarged, ;

Vincent. Brooks Day& Son. imp

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Tas. 6538.
LYSIONOTUS SERRATA.

Native of the Himalaya and Khasia Mountains.

Nat. Ord. GesNERACER.—Tribe CyRTANDRER.
Genus Lystonotus, Don; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii, p. 1015.)

Lystonotvs serrata; 1-2-pedalis, glaberrima, carnosula, caule cylindraceo purpureo-
punctulato, foliis oppositis et ternatim verticillatis parum obliquis oblongo-
lanceolatis acuminatis serratis basi acutis breviter petiolatis supra nitidis,
floribus in corymbos axillares longe pedunculatos di-tri-chotomos dispositis,
ramulis basi bracteatis, calyce 5-partito persistente laciniis oblongo-lanceolatis
acutis, corolla 1}-pollicari infundibulari puberulo, tubo superne ampliato, limbo
patente 2-labiato, labio superiore 2-lobo, inferiore majore 3-lobo, fauce ampla
lineis 2 elevatis flavis, staminibus fertilibus 2, anantheris 2 subulatis, ovario
cylindraceo, stylo brevi stigmate orbiculato, capsula 2-4 poll. longa, seminibus
subulatis utrinque pilo elongato terminatis.

L, serrata, Don in Ed. Phil. Journ, 1825, p. 85; Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 124; Br. in
Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar. p. 117.

L, ternifolia, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. vol. ii. p. 20, t. 118; DC. Prodr. vol, ix, p. 264;
Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. vol. ii. p. 723; Clarke, Commel, et Cyrtand. Beng. t. 52.

CaLosacmeE polycarpa, Wall. Cat. n. 804. -

The temperate and subtropical regions of the Himalaya
Mountains, especially in the eastern division of the range,
abound in beautiful species of Gesneraceew, of which a
considerable number have been cultivated at Kew, and some
figured in this work ; and it is not a little remarkable that
the subject of the present plate, which is the most widely
distributed and one of the most beautiful of them all,
should have so long been a stranger to our gardens.
Unfortunately these Gesneracee of India are all stove or
greenhouse plants, and in the case of the latter, the wintering
of them requires great care, as they cannot be exposed to
the long cold of the English winter, and if put by in a
greenhouse they are apt to start into growth too early ;
many of them, however, and the present in particular, form
fleshy rootstocks which will stand a good deal of drought,

JANUABY Ist, 1881. : :

though none possess such tubers as the American Gesnerias,
and which render them so easy of culture and of transpor-
tation.

Lysionotus serrata is a native of the subtropical and
temperate regions of the Himalaya, from Kumaon in the
north-west to Bhotan in the east, inhabiting damp forests |
at elevations of 5000 to 8000 feet in Sikkim, descending to
2500 in Kumaon; it is also abundant at 4000 feet in the
Khasia mountains, and is found on the Karen hills in
Burma ; its favourite sites are mossy rocks, banks, and old
tree-trunks. At Kew it fills a square pan with stems a foot
high, and seems quite at home in a subtropical heat,
flowering in July and August; and in its native mountains
the peduncles are often a foot long, and bear clusters of forty
to fifty flowers, of which many open at atime. The plant
figured was raised from seed sent by our excellent corre-
spondent in Darjeeling, Mr. Gammie, of the Forest Depart-
ment. The pale whitish stripe along the nerves of the leaf
18 not common in the wild state of the plant.

Dzscr. Quite glabrous, except the corolla. Stem one to
two feet high, stout, cylindric, fleshy, green speckled with
purple.- Leaves four to ten inches long, opposite and
whorled, elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate, slightly oblique,
acuminate, base acute, serrate, rather fleshy; petiole half
to one inch, dark green above, reddish beneath. Flowers
in drooping long-peduncled axillary corymbs ; bracts at the
forks opposite, ovate, deciduous. Calyx one quarter to
half an inch long, five-partite; segments lanceolate,
spreading. Corolla one and a half inch long, hairy, funnel-
Shaped, swollen beyond the middle, pale lilac or blue with
darker blue veins; mouth very oblique, two-lipped ; lips
short, upper two-lobed, lower three-lobed, lobes rounded ;
throat open, with two raised parallel golden ridges. Capsules

—o = pee inches long, very slender ; valves membranous.

an ees hippo mae ; 2, stamens; 3, ovary; 4, transverse section of ditto :—

A.B. del. JIN Bitch, Lith.

L.Reeve & C2 London.

Tas. 6589.
CRAWFURDIA LUTEO-VIRIDIS.

Native of the Sikkim Himalaya.

; Nat. Ord. GentTranEm.—Tribe SWERTIER.
Genus Crawrurpia, Wall. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 815.)

Crawrurpta (Tripterospermum) luteo-viridis; foliis petiolatis ovatis ovato-cordatis
v. ovato-lanceolatis 3-5-nerviis acuminatis marginibus undulato-subcrenatis v.
integerrimis, calycis tubo 5-gono angulis costatis costis in lobos subulato-
lanceolatos erectos tubo «quilongos excurrentibus, corollw albo- v. luteos
virescentis tubo infundibulari-campanulato calyce duplo longiore limbi parvi
=p acutis, bacca ellipsoideo-cylindracea coccinea nitida stipitata, stipite corolla
ongiore.

C. luteo-viridis, Clarke in Journ, Linn. Soe. vol. xiv. p. 443.

One species of this remarkable genus of climbing
Gentians had been cultivated in England previously to the
introduction of the present, for which we are indebted to
Dr. King, of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, who
sent seeds from Darjeeling to Kew in 1879, which flowered
in 1881 in acool pit. Though not equalling the C. fasciculata
(Tab. 4838) in the colour of the flowers, which in that plant
areof a beautiful blue-purple hue, the brilliancy of the polished
berries of this, which are abundantly produced, and the
vinous autumnal colouring of its leaves and stems, render
it a very desirable greenhouse plant. -Different, however,
as these species appear when seen in a living state, it 1s
very difficult to discriminate them when dried, and I am
doubtful as to their geographical limits. Wallich, indeed,
seems to have confounded the two species in his Herbarium,
and Mr. Clarke, who has worked up the Gentianez for the
** Flora of British India,” informs me that he is uncertain
as to their geographical limits. Not only are the characters
of the flower difficult to ascertain in a dried state, but the
fruit seems to vary in shape, in the length of the stipes, and
in being a thick walled or fleshy berry, or a subdehiscent

FEBRUARY Ist, 1881.

hardly fleshy capsule. There is little doubt, I think, that
C. luteo-alba inhabits the whole Himalaya from Kumaon to
Sikkim, at elevations of 8000 to 10,0CO feet, and it may
prove to be identical with C. Japonica, Sieb. and Zuce., of
Japan.

Dusor. Stem very slender, twining, red in age. Leaves —
petioled, one and a half to three and a half inches long,
ovate, ovate-cordate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, margin
entire or waved and obscurely crenate, bright green above,
pale beneath, rather leathery, mottled with a pale purplish-
red in age; nerves three to five from the top of the petiole ;
petiole a quarter to one inch long. Flowers clustered in the
leaf-axils and terminal, sessile, pendulous, one and a half
inch long. - Calyx with a five-angled oblong tube, rounded
at the base, green, angles thickly ribbed, the ribs prolonged
into subulate-lanceolate erect lobes as long as the tube.
Corolla between funnel- and bell-shaped, twice as long as
the calyx-lobes, tube green, limb white (yellowish, Clarke)
with green folds, lobes broad acute. Stamens inserted half-
way down the tube, anthers very small, didymous. Ovary
_ Stipitate, slender; style short; ovules numerous. Fruit
one inch long, exclusive of the stalk, which is as long as
the corolla, ellipsoid-cylindric, brilliant red, shining, fleshy,
indehiscent, many-seeded; stalk enclosed in the withered
persistent corolla. Seeds very numerous, orbicular, vertically
flattened with a double crest or wing on one side.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, longitudinal section of flower; 2, stamens, back and front view; 3, base

of stalk of ovary; 4, stigmas; 5, transverse section of berry ; 6, seeds :—all
enlarced :

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Tas. 6540.
POLYGONUM SACHALINENSR.

Native of Japan and the Island of Sachalin..

Nat. Ord. Potyeonacex.—Tribe PotyGonex.
Genus Potyaonum, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 99.)

Potyconum (Pleuropterus) sachalinense; caulibus dense fasciculatis erectis
elongatis fistulosis sulcatis foliosis, foliis magnis glabris breviter petiolatis
ovatis v. oblongo-ovatis acutis v. acuminatis basi truncatis v. cordatis subtu
glaucescentibus, ochreis fissis deciduis, racemis axillaribus et terminalibus
compositis confertifloris foliis multoties brevioribus rachibus tomentosis, floribus
parvis glaberrimis, bracteis ovatis longe acuminatis, pedicellis capillaribus infra
medium articulatis, perianthio fructifero elongato-obcordato 3-alato alis acutis,
stigmatibus 3 subsessilibus.

P. sachalinense, . Schmidt in Primit. Fl. Amur. p. 233; Regel Gartenfl. 1864,

p. 68, t. 429; Carriére in Rev. Hortic. 1876, p. 36, cum Ic. Xylog.; Masters .
in Gard. Chron. 1870, p. 1599. —-

This is by far the noblest species of Polygonum known in
cultivation, if not the noblest of the genus, forming, as it
does, clumps six to eight feet high and broad, of innumerable
rich red-brown wand-like stems that spread and droop
gracefully all round, loaded with magnificent leaves, which
attain a length of eighteen inches and breadth of ten. It
belongs to a set of N. H. Asiatic and Japanese species, of
which two have been lately figured in this work, namely, P.
compactum, Tab. 6476, and P. cuspidatum, Tab, 6503, both
of which it surpasses in size and beauty of foliage, but not
in inflorescence, which is very poor in comparison, of an
inconspicuous greenish-yellow hue. :

Polygonum sachalinense was discovered in Amur-land by
the celebrated Russian botanist and traveller Maximovicz,
and the first notice I find of its being cultivated is in the
Moscow Zoological Gardens, where it was seen by M. André
in 1869. It was, however, known in England before that
‘date, and, if I mistake not, was in cultivation at Kew
at least twenty years ago, having been probably introduced

FEBRUARY Ist, 881.

by one of the Kew collectors in Japan, Mr. Oldham or
Wilford. As an ornamental plant it has perhaps no rival
for vigour of growth and rapid multiplication by the root,
which last quality has its drawbacks, for it spreads widely,
and obtrudes itself where not wanted, to the destruction of
its neighbours. Like its allies already alluded to, it flowers
late in September and October.

Desor. Roots with numerous strong underground suckers.
Stems six to eight feet high, very numerous from the roots,
erect and drooping above, leafy, hollow, as thick as the
thumb at the base, red-brown, angular, grooved. Leaves
six to eighteen inches long by three to ten broad, oblong or
ovate with atruncate or cordate base, acute or acuminate,
sometimes undulate at the margins, bright green above,
glaucous beneath with a white sparsely hairy midrib and
reticulated veins; sheathing stipules elongate, glabrous,
membranous, deciduous; petiole one to three inches long.
Inflorescences of short racemes in a crowded sessile panicle
in the axils of the leaves and terminal, equalling or twice
the length of the petiole, branches and rachis of the panicle
tomentose. flowers densely crowded, pale yellow-green,
about one-tenth of an inch in diameter (polygamous ?) ;
pedicels short, capillary, jointed below the middle; bracts
ovate, acuminate. Fruiting perianth one-third of an inch
long, obcordate, three-winged, narrowed into the pedicel,

wings not veined. Stigmas short, sessile, recurved.—
Fede HT. :

Fig. 1, section of female flower ; 2, ovary; 3, ovule:—all enlarged.

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Tas. 6541.
MILLETTIA mecaspprma.

Native of Queensland.

Nat. Ord. Leguminosm.—Tribe GaLEGER.
Genus Miterria, Wight et Arnott; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 498.)

MILLETTIA megasperma ; caule lignoso alte scandente, partibus novellis racemis
petiolisque exceptis glaberrima, foliis sempervirentibus alternis pinnatis, pinnis
7-jugis cum impari obovatis oblongisve breviter petiolulatis obtusis v.
breviter acuminatis coriaceis utrinque saturate viridibus nitidis, racemis 4-8-
datas subpaniculatis, floribus sparsis purpureis, calycis labiis tubo
revioribus superiore truncato, inferiore obtuse 3-fido vexillo orbiculari sericeo
intus supra basin transverse calloso, filamento superiore libero, ovario stipitato,
legumine 6-pollicari crasso sublignoso dense velutino, seminibus magnis crassis.

M. megasperma, Benth. Fl. Austral. vol. ii. p. 211.
WisTarta megasperma, F. Muell. Fragm. vol. i. p. 10.

The genus Millettia consists of upwards of forty species
of tropical Asiatic and African Leguminous climbers, with
one Australian. It is closely allied to Wistaria, differing
only in the thick-valved tardily dehiscent pod. Indeed

these genera are so closely allied, that one plant, the W.
Japonica, Sieb. and Zucc., has been pronounced by Bentham
to be intermediate in point of structure between them.

Like its near ally, Wistaria sinensis, the Millettia mega-
sperma is a tall woody climber, festooning lofty forest trees
in its native country, namely, river banks in tropical and
subtropical Australia, where its pendulous panicled racemes
of bright purple flowers and glossy evergreen leaves must
have avery beautiful effect. It has been collected at various _
places in Queensland, and in the northern parts of New
South Wales, and was first described by Baron von Mueller,
to whom the Royal Gardens are indebted for its introduction.
The figure is from a plant growing up the south-east angle —
of the main body of the Temperate House at Kew, where it
flowered in August of last year.

FEBRUARY Isr, 188].

Duscr. A tall evergreen woody climber, with dark green.
glossy foliage and copious panicled racemes of purple
flowers, glabrous except the puberulous young shoots and
panicles and petioles. Leaves eight to twelve inches long,
with three to seven pairs of leaflets and an odd one; petiole
_and rachis slender ; leaflets very shortly petiolulate, about
two inches long, oblong or elliptic, subacute or shortly
acuminate, dark green on both surfaces, glossy above, nerves
delicate; stipules caducous. Racemes pendulous, slender, —
panicled, four to eight inches long, rachis pubescent ;
flowers numerous, about two-thirds of an inch in diameter,
purple, except the back of the standard, which is nearly
white; pedicels short, slender. Calyx short, base hemi-
spheric ; lips subequal, upper truncate, lower trifid. Stan-
dard orbicular, limb emarginate at the much thickened
base just above the claw. Wings boat-shaped, subacute,
bases auricled. Keel obtuse. Upper stamen free. Ovary
many-ovuled. Pod four inches long, very thick, falcate and
flattened, densely velvety, few-seeded, tardily dehiscent ;
valves woody. Seeds broad, thick, two-thirds of an inch
in diameter ; testa brown, hilum elongate.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, section of calyx, staminal tube, and ovary; 2, calyx; 3, standard ;
4, wings; 5, tips of ditto, showing their cohesion; 6, ovary; 7, staminal tube :—
all a little enlarged.

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CLEMATIS ATHUSEFOLIA, var. latisecta.

Native of Amur-land and N. China.

Nat. Ord. RanuncuLacem.—Tribe CLEMATIDER.
Genus Ciematis, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 3.)

Criematis (Flammula) ethusefolia ; scandens, ‘glaberrima v. puberula, caulibus
gracilibus angulatis sulcatisque, foliis parvis 2-3-pinnatisectis, segmentis cuneatis
incisis v. pinnatilobatis obtusis angusto linearibus v. oblongis v. obovatis,
pedunculis solitariis binis ternisve elongatis gracilibus erectis apice decurvis, |
floribus inter minoribus 4—} poll. longis cylindraceo-campanulatis, sepalis 4
oblongis coherentibus albis dorso pubescentibus apicibus latis liberis {paullo
recurvis obtusis v. subacutis, filamentis dilatatis.

C. xthusefolia, Zurcz. Decad. Pl. Chin. p.2; Walp. Rep. vol. i. p. 5.
Var. latisecta, folioruam segmentis latis.

Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. p. 12; Regel Flor. Ussur.n.4; Gartenfl. 1861, p. 342,
t. 342. C. xthusefolia, Carriére in Rev. Hortic. 1869, p. 10, ewm Ic. Xylog.

‘ -

A very graceful climber, perfectly hardy, as might be
anticipated from its native country, which extends from the
neighbourhood of Pekin—whence we have examined dried
Specimens collected by Dr. Bushell, late of the Chinese
Embassy, and others—to the Amur river. It varies greatly
in the breadth of the leaf-segments ; those of the originally-
described form being divided into very narrow linear lobes,
whilst in that figured here they are as broad as long, aud in
Maximovicz’s specimen of this same variety (latisecta) they
are an inch long and cuneiform. The flowers are, though
not conspicuous, exceedingly graceful, very abundantly
produced, and pendulous from stiff erect peduncles.

The specimen here figured is from a plant that has long
been in the Kew collection, and was, no doubt, received
from the St. Petersburg Botanic Gardens; it flowers as
late as September and October. __

Descr. A slender glabrous or puberulous climber. Stems
and branches angled and grooved. Leaves one to two
_ FEBRUARY Ist, 1881.

inches long, very numerous, twice or thrice pinnately
divided; segments narrow or broad, more or less deeply
cut into linear obtuse or cuneate or irregularly rounded cut
and toothed segments; petiole stiff. Peduncles one to
three from the nodes of the stem, one to two inches long,
stiff, erect, curved at the top. lowers one-half to three-
fourths of an inch long, between cylindric and campanulate,
white, base rounded. Sepals linear-oblong, coherent by
their slightly overlapping margins, tips shortly recurved,
eo or subacute. filaments dilated below, hairy.—
Je DoH,

Fig. 1, longitudinal section of the flower ; 2 and 3, stamens; 4,carpel ; 5, stigma :
mall enlarged,

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F OURCROYA CUBENSIS vai. Inermis.

Native of Tropical America.

Nat. Ord. AMARYLLIDACES.—Tribe AGARER.
Genus Fourcroya (Vent.), Schultes ; (Kunth Enum. vol. v. p- 839.)

Fovurcroya cubensis var. inermis; caudice brevi, foliis 20-30 dense rosulatis
larceolatis viridibus 2-3-pedalibus subintegris exterioribus recurvatis, pedunculo
foliis duplo longiori, floribus in paniculam laxam rhomboideam ramis erecto-
patentibus dispositis, pedicellis brevissimis cernuis apice articulatis, bracteis
minutis deltoideis, ovario eylindrico-trigono 8-9 lin. longo, limbi segmentis
oblongo-lanceolatis ovario longioribus, staminibus limbo duplo brevioribus,
stylo antheras superante stigmate parvo.

This fine Foureroya came from the collection of Mr.
Wilson Saunders, and flowered in the Cactus House at Kew
in the winter of 1879-1880. Though at first sight it looks
very different, I do not think that it can safely be regarded
as more than a variety of the widely-spread tropical
American Fourcroya cubensis of Haworth, of which, although
it is frequently seen in gardens and has been fully known
_ by botanists for the last one hundred and twenty years, no
good figure has yet been given. From the ordinary F.
cubensis, of which a description and the full synonymy will
be found in my monograph of the genus in the Gardeners’
Chronicle, 1879, page 623, our present plant differs by its
less rigid leaves and by the total or almost entire suppression
of their marginal teeth, which in the type are very large
and close, and armed with pungent horny brown spines.
The original spelling of the name of the genus is Furcrea,
but as it was named in honour of the chemist Fourcroy, we
-have followed the emendation of Schultes, which is now
almost universally adopted. oe

Descr. Caudew very short, about three inches in diameter.
Leaves twenty or thirty in a dense rosette, lanceolate, bright
green and smooth both on back and face, almost or quite

FEBRUARY Ist, 1881.

destitute of teeth down the edges, moderately firm in tex-
ture, not pungent at the tip, the outer ones recurving, two
and a half or three feet long, three inches broad at the
middle, narrowed gradually to.an inch and a half above the
dilated base. Peduncle about five feet long, sheathed by
several much-reduced ascending leaves. Panicle lax,
rhomboid, about five feet long by one and a half or two
feet broad, its erecto-patent branches a foot or a foot and a
half long, with only very small bracts at the base ; pedicels
very short, drooping, the upper ones of the branch solitary,
the lower clustered; bracts minute, deltoid, membranous.
Ovary green, cylindrical-trigonous, about three-quarters of
an inch long; segments oblong-lanceolate, spreading, milk-
white, an inch long, a third of an inch broad. Stamens
half as long as the perianth-segments; filament with a
struma an eighth of an inch thick, narrowed into a subulate
tip below the small oblong anther. Style finally twice as
long as the stamens; stigma minute, capitate.—J/. G. Baker.

_ Fig. 1, the whole plant, much reduced ; 2,a flower, with the segments of the
limb taken away; 3, two stamens; 4, horizontal section of the ovary; 5, tip of style
and stigma :—all more or less enlarged.

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Tas. 6544,
TRICYRTIS MACROPODA.

Native of Japan and China.

~

Nat. Ord. Littacrm.—Tribe Uvunarrex.

Genus Tricyrt1s, Wallich ; (Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xvii. p- 463.)

TricyRrt1s macropoda ; caule flexuoso 2-3-pedali inferne glabro superne subtiliter
glanduloso-puberulo, foliis alternis’oblongis amplexicaulibus acutis facie calvatis
dorso pubescentibus margine seabris, floribus pluribus laxe corymbosis, perianthii
infundibularis segmentis oblongo-spathulatis extus viridibus intus albidis crebre
purpureo-punctatis flore expanso late falcatis exterioribus basi foveolatis
profunde saccatis interioribus haud foveolatis marginibus inflexis, genitalibus
perianthio paulo brevioribus, capsulis linearibus acute angulatis.

T, macropoda, Miguel in Ann. Mus. Lug. Bat. vol. iii. p. 155; Maxim. in Bull.
Acad. Petrop. vol. vi. p. 208; Regel in Gartenflora, vol. xviii, p- 129, t. 613 ;
Franchet et Savat. Enum. Jap. vol. ii. p.74; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc.
vol. xvii. p. 464, ‘

The genus Tricyrtis has so far been very little cultivated
in our English gardens. As the plate shows, it is a very -
distinct and very remarkable Liliaceous type. It is restricted
to Japan, China, and the Eastern Himalayas. Six species
are now known, all of them closely resembling one another
in habit and structure. Three of them have been introduced
into cultivation, and the other two, 7. hirta, Tab. 5355, and
. pilosa, Tab. 4955, have already been figured in the
Borantcan Macazinz. The present species flowers in the

middle of summer, produces its seeds in autumn, and dies
down to the ground in winter. Our drawing was made
from a plant that flowered in the herbaceous ground at
Kew, in July, 1880,

Descr. Stem erect, flexuose, terete, two or three feet
long, glabrous in the lower part, finely glandular-pubescent
upwards. eaves alternate, oblong, acute, amplexicaul,
three or four inches long, moderately firm in texture, with
about seven clearly-marked main veins running from the
base nearly to the apex, at first slightly pilose, but when

FEBRUARY Ist, 1881. t

mature glabrous on the upper surface, finely pubescent
beneath, denticulate and scabrous on the edges. lowers
several, arranged in a lax deltoid corymb, on long erect or
ascending glandular-pubescent peduncles. Perianth about
an inch long, greenish on the outside, whitish within with
copious minute purplish-brown spots; segments oblong-
spathulate, spreading from halfway down when the flower
is fully expanded ; the three outer ones deeply saccate and
conspicuously foveolate at the base; the three inner ones
neither saccate nor foveolate. Stamens nearly as long as
the perianth ; filaments arching away from the centre of
the flower at the top; anthers small, oblong, extrorse.
Ovary linear, acutely angular, narrowed gradually into a
short style; stigmas linear-subulate, papillose down to the
base, spreading, half an inch long, deeply bifid. Capsule
firm in texture, linear, acutely triangular, an inch or more
long, dehiscing septicidally.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1,a flower cut down the centre; 2, base of an outer segment of the perianth ;
3, base of an Inner segment of the perianth; 4, a stamen complete; 5, apex of
filament, with anther; 6, stigmas; 7, section of ovary :—all more or less magnified.

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Tas. 6545.
CRINUM ForBESIANUM.

Native of Delagoa Bay.

Nat. Ord. AMARYLLIDACEA.—Sub-order AMARYLLIDER.
Genus Crinum, Linn. ; (Kunth Enum. vol. v. p. 547.)

Crinum Forbesianum; bulbo maximo brevicollo tunicis membranaceis brunneis,
foliis post scapum productis lorato-lanceolatis tripedalibus glaucis humifasis
distincte ciliatis, scapo erassissimo ancipiti brevi, umbellis 30-40-floris, spatha
valvis magnis lanceolato-deltoideis rubellis, pedicellis brevibus erectis, floribus
cernuis 7-8-uncialibus suaveolentibus, tubo cylindrico, limbi segmentis ob-
lanceolato-oblongis acutis tubo Jongioribus dorso rubro suffusis dimidio inferiori
conniventibus, Jimidio superiori flore expanso reflexis, genitalibus declinatis
perianthio equilongis.

C. Forbesianum, Herbert Amaryllid. p. 267; Kunth Enum, vol. v. p. 577.

C. Forbesii, Schultes fil. Syst. Veg. vol. vii. p. 864.

Amaryllis Forbesii, Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. vol. vi. p. 87.

This is a most curious and interesting species of Crinum,
remarkable for its very large bulbs, short stout scapes, and
very large decumbent leaves, not developed fully till after
the flowers have faded. The individual flowers are not
very unlike those of the well-known Crinum ornatum, and
have the same tint of bright red down the outside of the
perianth-segments. Its nearest ally is the plant we figured
lately from Zanzibar, Crinum Kirkii, Tab. 6512. The
present species was originally sent to England about the
year 1824 by Mr. John Forbes, and was briefly described
at the time by Dr. Lindley, from the Chiswick Garden, in
the Journal of the Horticultural Society. It appears to
have soon been quite lost out of cultivation, and as no
figure nor specimen was preserved, it passed into the rank
of doubtful species, till it was sent to Kew in 1877 by the
late Mr. J. J. Monteiro, one of the last of many valuable
contributions to the garden, museum, and herbarium, which
we received from him. Mr. Monteiro’s bulbs were procured

MARCH Ist, 1881.

from the Lebombo Mountains. Our drawing was made
from a specimen that flowered at Kew in October, 1878.

Desor. Bulb as large as a man’s head, with a short neck
and copious brown membranous tunics. Leaves lanceolate-
lorate, not fully developed till after the flowers, decumbent,
three feet long, four inches broad, acute, glaucous, distinctly
ciliated. Scape ancipitous, above an inch in thickness,
pale green, at most a foot long. Flowers thirty or forty in
a dense umbel; spathe-valves lanceolate-deltoid, three inches
long, tinted red; pedicels erect, half or three-quarters of
an inch long. Perianth funnel-shaped, seven or eight inches
long, cernuous; ovary oblong, green; tube cylindrical,
about three inches long; limb four or four and a half inches
long, its segments oblanceolate-oblong, acute, suffused with
bright red down the back, permanently connivent in the
lower half, reflexing in the upper. filaments declinate, -
about as long as the perianth-segments; anthers linear-
oblong, versatile, under half an inch long. Style very
slender, declinate, bright red towards the tip, as long as
the perianth ; stigma capitate.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, the whole plant, reduced ; 2 and 3, portions of the edge of the leaf; 4,

stamens and perianth-segments; 5, two anthers; 6,-horizontal section of the —
ovary :—all more or less enlarged.

PL G56.

AB. del JN Fitch Lith Vincent Brooks Day & Son Imp

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Tas. 6546.
ABRONTA .LatTIFOLIA.

Native of Western North America.

Nat. Ord. NyctacinEx.—Tribe M1iRaBiLiex.
Genus Apronia, Juss. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 7.)

Asronia latifolia ; perennis, viscoso-pubescens, caulibus prostratis crassis succu-
lentis, foliis: carnosis late ovatis obovatis subrhombeis v. rotundatis rarius
cordatis obtusis integerrimis, petiolo elongato crasso, pedunculis axillaribus
folia eequantibus v. superantibus, bracteis involucrantibus 5 oblongis ovatis v.
rotundatis floribus brevioribus, umbellis pollicem diametro densifloris, floribus
aureis, perianthii tubo elongato superne sensim dilatato, lobis brevibus emar-
ginatis, fructibus subrhombeis utrinque acutis coriaceis, alis lateralibus angustis
latisve reticulatim venosis. _

A. latifolia, Eschscholtz in Mem. Acad. Petersb. vol. x. p. 281; Watson Bot. of
California, vol. ii. p. 4; DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. pars 2, p. 436.

A. arenaria, Menz. in Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 193; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. vol. ii. p. 125;
Benth. Bot. Sulph. Voy. p. 43; DC. Prodr. vol. xiii. pars 2, p. 435.

A very common plant on the sandy shores of Western
North America, from Magdalena Bay in California, extending
thence northward to Vancouver’s Island, forming large
patches on the beach, enlivened with heads of golden
fragrant flowers. It was discovered by Mr. Archibald
Menzies, the surgeon and naturalist of Captain Vancouver’s
expedition to the coast of North-Western America; who
also first brought from Chili the seeds of Araucaria imbricata
(in 1798), from which the two old trees now at Kew and
Dropmore, were raised.

The specimen here figured is from a plant that flowers
annually in the Herbaceous Ground at Kew in the months
of August and September. ce

Descr. Whole plant glandular-pubescent and viscid,
usually coated more or less with sand. Root stout, perennial,
fusiform, fleshy. Stems many from the root, one to two
feet long, quite prostrate, succulent, cylindrical, often as
thick as a goose’s quill. eaves one to one and a half

MARCH Ist, 1881.

inches long, very variable in shape, ovate obovate orbicular

reniform or obtusely rhomboid, sometimes cordate at the —
base, obtuse, succulent, dark green; petiole usually longer |

than the blade, often twice as long, very stout, gradually
expanding into the blade. Peduncle axillary, as long as or
longer than the petiole, equally thick. Involucral bracts
oblong or ovate, concealed under the flowers. Umbels about
an inch across, many- and dense-flowered. Flowers one-
half to two-thirds of an inch long, golden-yellow with a
green eye, fragrant. Perianth-tube slender, gradually dilated
upwards ; limb one-quarter of an inch in diameter, lobes
obcordate. Ovary obovoid. Fruit about one-third of an
inch long, rhomboid, coriaceous, wings three, broad or
narrow, veined, hollow.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, flower; 2, the same laid open longitudinally ; 3, stamens; 4, base of
filaments and of ovary ; 5, stigma; 6, section of ovary :—all enlarged.

“MS. del INFitch Lith Vincent Brooks Day & Soni

LReeve & C° London.

Tap. 6547.
NERINE pritrrorta.

Native of the Orange Free State.

Nat. Ord. AMaryLLipacem.—Sub-order AMARYLLIDER.
Genus Nexine, Herbert ; (Kunth Enum. vol. v. p. 615.)

NERINE filifolia ; bulbo parvo ovoideo, foliis 6-10 synanthiis subulatis flaccidis
glabris scapo brevioribus facie canaliculatis, scapo gracili tereti subpedali
glanduloso-puberulo, umbellis centripetalibus 8-10-floris, spathe valvis parvis
lanceolatis, pedicellis glandulosis flore sepe longioribus, ovario globoso profunde
lobato, perianthii limbi uncialis rosei segmentis anguste oblanceolatis crispatis,
genital tian perianthio subsquilongis, capsulis orbicularibus profunde lobatis,
seminibus in loculo 2-3.

This pretty little new Nerine belongs to the group called
Distorte by Herbert, and in its centripetal inflorescence
agrees with N, fleewosa and pulchella, A narrow-leaved
form of the latter, with the same glandular pedicels, dis-
covered by Mr. Thos. Cooper in the Orange Free State, will
be found figured in Saunders’s Refugium Botanicum, Tab.
329. The present plant, which is also from the Orange
Free State, is much less robust in habit than Mr. Cooper’s,
and differs essentially from all the species already known
by its numerous weak slender filiform leaves. We received
it at Kew from Mr. Chas. Ayres, Seedsman and Florist, of
Cape Town. Our drawing was made from specimens that
flowered at Kew in October, 1880. I do not think that
Nerine can be well separated as a genus from Ammocharis
and Lycoris.

Descr. Bulbs ovoid, densely czespitose, under an inch in
diameter ; outer tunics brown, very thin. Leaves six to
ten from a bulb, contemporary with the flowers, slender,
subulate, grass-green, glabrous, six or eight inches long at
the flowering time, weak in texture, rounded on the back,
channelled down the face. Scape about a foot long, slender,

MARCH Ist, 1881. ie

terete, densely glandular-pubescent. Umbel centripetal,
eight- or ten-flowered ; spathe-valves greenish, lanceolate,
under an inch long; pedicels erecto-patent, densely —
glandular-pubescent, usually longer than the flowers.
Perianth-limb horizontal, rose-red, an inch long; segments
oblanceolate, crisped, not more than a twelfth of an inch
broad, reflexed towards the tip, five of them usually more
or less distinctly ascending and the sixth deflexed. Stamens
declinate, about as long as the perianth; filaments bright
red; anthers minute, oblong, reddish ; pollen white. Style
finally exceeding the stamens; stigma capitate. Capsule
orbicular, deeply lobed, with two or three seeds in each
cell._—J. G. Baker.

oD

Fig. 1, section of leaf; 2, segment of perianth-limb, with stamen; 3, anthers;
4, pistil, complete; 5, horizontal section of ovary :—all enlarged. :

PL. 6548

= J
M.S.del JN. Fitch Lith.

Vincent Brooks Day & Son imp

lL. Reeve & Co London

Tas. 6548.
ROSA MICROPHYLLA.

Native of China and Japan.

Nat. Ord. Rosacrm.—Tribe RosEx.
Genus Rosa, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen, Pl. vol. i. p. 425.)

Rosa microphylla ; frutex erectus, dense ramosus, glaberrimus v. puberulus, eglan-
dulosus, ramis gracilibus, aculeis ad basin foliorum 2-nis rectis basi dilatatis
rameis 0, foliis 3-4-pollicaribus, foliolis 3-7-jugis ellipticis subacutis v.
acuminatis serrulatis, petiolo nudo v. sparse aculeolato, stipulis parvis v. 0,
floribus solitariis ebracteatis breviter pedunculatis, calycis tubo pedunculoque
densissime aculeolatis, aculeolis flavidis rectis a latere compressis, sepalis late
ovatis v. ovato-rotundatis fimbriato-laceris persistentibus, petalis roseis 2-lobis,
disco incrassato faucem claudente, fructu magno depresso globoso crasse carnoso
basi intruso, acheniis paucis basilaribus late ovoideis obtuse angulatis apice
obtusis setosis.

R. microphylla, Roxb. in Lindl. Monog. Ros. pp. 9,146; Bot. Reg.t.919; Roa.
Fi. Ind. vol. ii. p. 515; DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 602; Bot. Mag. t. 3490;
Wall. Cat. n. 692; Brandis For. Fl. of N. W. India, p. 200; Hook. f. Fl.
Brit. Ind. vol. ii. p. 364; Crépin Prim. Monog. Ros. 330.

The old plate of the double variety of this plant, pub-
lished nearly half a century ago in this work (Tab. 3490),
gives no idea at all either of its habit or botanical
characters. That of Lindley in the Botanical Register, |
though better as regards foliage, also illustrates only the
double-flowering state; whilst neither represents the fruit,
which is quite unlike that of any of its congeners, and is
now for the first time figured. Like many other Roses, the
present was known in its cultivated state for long before
its native country was discovered, though that this was
China was suspected from its having been early recognized
by Dr. Lindley as identical with a plant figured in a collec-
tion of Chinese drawings of plants in the possession of Mr.
after Sir Henry T. Colebrooke. All we know of its early
history is, that it was introduced from Canton into the
Calcutta Botanic Gardens by Dr. D. Roxburgh, from whence
it has been diffused into Indian gardens generally. M.

MARCH lst, 1881.

Crépin, whose is the only good description of the wild
plant that has hitherto been published, gives Lake Hakone
in central Japan as the sole native locality known to him,
it having been collected there by M. Maximovicz in 1862,.
and Dr. Savatier in 1871; to this can now be added New-
Kiang in North China, from whence there is in the Kew
Herbarium a very indifferent specimen (apparently of the
single form) collected by Dr. Shearer in 1873. In its double
form Rosa microphylla is commonly cultivated throughout
China and Japan, and even in Upper Burma, Dr. Anderson
having found it at Momyen.

The fruit, which is as large as a crab-apple, is eaten by
the Japanese. The leaflets of the wild form are described
by M. Crépin as being medium-sized with long points.

Descr. A ramous eglandular nearly glabrous erect bush,
attaining eight feet in height. Branches slender, flexuous,
glabrous, unarmed except at the bases of the petioles,
where there are two nearly straight flattened prickles with —
dilated bases. Leaves two to four inches long, seven- to
nine-foliolate; leaflets rarely more than one-half to two-
thirds of an inch long, elliptic-ovate, acute, rarely acuminate,
finely serrate, firm, smooth above, glabrous or puberulous
beneath; rachis smooth or with a few small prickles.
Flowers solitary, shortly peduncled. Calyx-tube hemispheric,
densely clothed with stiff spreading straight yellowish
laterally flattened prickles ; sepals broad, thick, rather
fleshy, irregularly deeply lacerate on the margins, persistent.
Disk very broad, closing the calyx-tube. F'rwit one and a
half to two inches in diameter, depressed-globose, con-
siderably broader than long, intruded at the base; flesh
very thick, leaving a small cavity much broader than long.
Achenes basal, few, about one-third of an inch long, broadly
ovoid, obtusely angled, straw-coloured, glabrate with a
terminal tuft of bristles.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, vertical section of calyx-tube and disk; 2, ovary ; 3, ripe fruit; 4, vertical
section of the same; 5, achene:—all but Jigs. 2, 3, and 4, enlarged.

PL G5F9

M.S. del.I.N.Fitch Lith

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-Reeve & @° London.

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- Tas. 6549.

ASTER GYMNOOEPHALUS.

Native of Mexico.

Nat. Ord. Composttz.—Tribe AsTEROIDER.
Genus Aster, Linn, ; (Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 271.)

_ Aster (Macheranthera) gymnocephalus ; erecta e radice bienni vel annua, parce
ramosa, pube hispidula et per caulem hirsuta. sursum glandulosa, foliis parvulis
oblongo-lanceolatis vel radicalibus spathulatis serratis, dentibus setiferis, venis
obsoletis, capitulis ramos apice nudiusculos terminantibus mediocribus, involucro
hzmispherico e bracteis pluriserialibus lineari-subulatis maxima parte herbaceis
hirtelio-glandulosis squarroso-recurvis, ligulis perplurimis semipollicaribus lato-
linearibus late roseo-purpureis, acheniis brevibus turbinatis villosissimis, pappo
e setis rigidulis valde inequalibus, radii sat breviori parciori, receptaculo
insigniter fimbrillato.

A. gymnocephalus, 4. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vol. xv. p. 32.

Aplopappus gymnocephalus, DC. Prodr, vol. v. p. 346. —

MacuHRantHera setigera, Nees in Linnea, vol. xix. p. 722.

Mistaking the proper colour of the ray-flowers of this
plant, which indeed is not obvious in most of the dried
Specimens, and misled by a near resemblance to Aplopappus —
spinulosus, De Candolle not unnaturally referred it to the
genus Aplopappus. Having named some very imperfectly-
developed specimens of Berlandier, belonging to that genus,
Aplopappus phyllocephalus, he gave to this the counterpart
name of gymnocephalus, which name it now takes in Asfer,
unmeaning though it be. We have ascertained that it is
also the Macheranthera setigera of Nees, much later pub-
lished and with hardly any character. The true colour of
the ray was noted long ago in Plantae Wrightianx, Part L,
p- 97, as also the affinity to Macheranthera. This is con-
firmed by the annual or biennial duration of the root, one
of the characteristics of this section of Aster. The species
to which it is most allied are A. canescens, and A. Towns-

MARCH Ist, 1851.

hendii (Tab. 6430), which proves to be A. Bigelovii, A. Gray
in Pacif. R. R. Exped. vol. iv. p. 97, tab. 10.

This appears to be a common species throughout the
northern and central parts of Mexico; and it occurs in.
almost all collections made in that region. It is here for
the first time brought into cultivation, from seeds collected
in 1878 by Drs. Parry and Palmer in the vicinity of San
Luis Potosi. It is a fine acquisition to the gardens; and
its rosy-purple rays distinguish it from all its near relatives.

Descr. A low species, branching directly from the bi-
ennial or annual root, attaining only a foot or two in height,
clothed with a minute roughish pubescence, and with more
bristly hairs on the stem, becoming viscid or glandular
near the heads and especially on the involucre, and imparting
a balsamic or terebinthine scent. Leaves beset with either
distinct or obscure teeth, which are tipped with a prominent
bristle; the veins obsolete; cauline about an inch long and
somewhat amplexicaul; radical inclining to spathulate, four
or five inches long. Heads terminating the few or more
numerous branches, somewhat naked-pedunculate. Jnvo-
lucre half an inch broad and high; its bracts attenuate,
recurving, in several ranks, giving a squarrose appearance 3
the short pubescence decidedly glandular. Leceptacle flat,
very strongly fimbrillate. ays about fifty, crowded, rather
broadly linear, half an inch long, rose-purple or with a
tinge of lilac. Disk-flowers yellow and unchanging. Style-
arms with oblong appendages. Achenes remarkably short,
turbinate, hardly compressed, very villous. Pappus of
rather scanty and unusually rigid bristles, all shorter than
the corolla tubes, the outer series of bristles only half the

length of the inner; ray-pappus decidedly shorter than
that of the ak toe 7 bey 4

Fig. 1, section through invol

ditto; 4, disk-flower; 5, style- ucre and receptacle; 2, ray-flower ; 3, style-arms of

arms of ditto :—all enlarged.

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Tas. 6550.
IMPATIE NS Ampuorata.

Native of the Himalaya Mountains.

Nat. Ord. Gerantachs.—tTribe BALSAMINER.
Genus Impatiens, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. J. Gen, Pl. vol. i. p. 277.)

IMPATIENS amphorata ; erecta, elata, ramosa, caule angulato, foliis petiolatis ellip-
tico-ovatis v. lanceolatis acuminatis crenato-serratis, stipulis glanduligeris,
racemis subterminalibus et in axillis superioribus smpe subumbellatim Y.
verticillatim interruptis multifloris, pedicellis elongatis, floribus magnis pallide
lilacinis roseo-maculatis, sepalis orbiculari-cordatis, vexillo orbiculari dorso
cristato v. cornuto, alarum lobis lateralibus rotundatis terminali pendulo obtuso
extus lobulato, labello magno cylindraceo obtuso, ealeare brevi tenui incurvo,
capsula lineari-elongata, seminum testa rugosa.

I, amphorata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xx. p- 39; Hook. f. Flor. Brit.
Lnd. vol. i. p. 475.

I. longicornu, Wall. Cat. No. 4729 in part. I. longicornu, var. 8B. Hook. f. et
oms. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iv. 148.

I. umbrosa, Edgew. 1. c. in part.
I. picta, Knowles et Westcott, Floral Cabinet, t. 128.

One of the tallest and handsomest of Himalayan Balsams,
though not attaining the stature of I. Koylei, Walp.
(I. glandulifera, Royle, Ill. t. 28; I. glanduligera, tab.
nost. 4020), with which it is often confounded in gardens,
but which differs in having opposite or whorled leaves,
bristle-shaped stipules, and club-shaped capsules. It is a
common plant in the Western Himalaya, from Kashmir to
the Nipal frontier in Kumaon, at elevations of 5000 to
8000 feet, where it was first distinguished by Mr. Edgeworth
as a distinct species. Like all its congeners, it is a very
variable plant, of which I have retained, in the Flora of
British India, three forms, which are regarded as species
by Mr. Edgeworth, namely : 1, amphorata, that here figured ;
2, var. wmbrosa, with glandular pedicels and the lip
gradually narrowed into the incurved spur; and 3, pallens,
with smaller paler flowers, eglandular pedicels, and the lip
APRIL Ist, 1881.

gradually narrowed into a revolute spur. Of these forms,
that called pallens by Edgeworth is the I. bicolor of Royle,
a name which has priority, but does not apply to the
prevalent form of the species, and which has further been
inadvertently applied to a very different plant, the West
African I. bicolor of this work (Tab. 5366).

I amphorata was introduced into Kew by seed from
Kashmir, and flowers annually abundantly in the months
of August and September. It was in cultivation forty
years ago in the Horticultural Gardens, having been sent
from the gardens of Saharunpore, in North-West India,
when these were under the superintendence of the late
Dr. Royle.

_ Descr. Annual, three to six feet high, erect; stem as
thick as the thumb at the base, succulent, branched up-
wards. Leaves three to six inches long, petioled, elliptic-
ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, finely crenate-serrate, bright
green, with often pink edges and midrib; petioles with
glands for stipules. Racemes two to five inches long, in
the upper axils, many-flowered; pedicels slender, one-half
to three-fourths of an inch long, alternate or sub-whorled
or subumbellate; bracts ovate, green, very deciduous.
Flowers one and a half inches long, pale purple, suffused
and speckled with rose-red; sepals broadly orbicular-cordate,
acute, greenish; standard orbicular, two-lobed or notched
at the top, crested or spurred behind ; wings two-thirds of
an inch long, lateral lobe rounded, terminal pendulous
obtuse with a lobule on the outer margin; lip cylindri-
saccate, tip rounded with an abrupt short slender red ~
incurved spur. Capsule one and a half inches long, linear, |
acuminate, grooved. Seeds with a rugose blackish testa.—

B Be 9 fer 2 &

Fig. 1, sepal; 2, staminal column ; 3, seed; 4, embryo :—all enlarged.

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Tae Goo;
CLADRASTIS amurensis.

Native of Amur-land,

Nat. Ord. Legum1nos”.—Tribe SopHoRER.
Genus Craprastis, Rafin; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 554.)

CLADRASTIS amurensis ; arbor parva, partibus novellis sericeo-pubescentibus, foliis
impari-pinnatis, foliolis 3-4-jugis suboppositis breviter petiolatis ovatis vy. ellip-
tico-ovatis obtusis, basi interdum cordatis, terminali subsimili, glabris v. sparse
pilosis, racemis subterminalibus simplicibus v. basi ramosis breviter peduncu-
latis elongatis densifloris, floribus sub-3-nis pedicellatis albo-virescentibus,
pedicellis interdum 2-floris bracteas miuutas excedentibus, leguminibus oblongo-
lanceolatis v. linearibus oligospermis.

C. amurensis, Benth. in Gen, Pl. vol. i. p. 554. :

Maacxta amurensis, Rupr. et Maxim. in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. vol. xv. p. 143,
t.1,f.2; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur, 87,t.5; Morren. Belg. Hortie, 1870,
301, t.18; Regel Gartenfl. 1874, 152, eum Ie. Xylog.

It is not to be wondered at that, when the subject of
. the present plate was first described, it was supposed to be
a new genus; for at that time the close affinity of the
Floras of North-Eastern Asia and the Eastern United
States was not generally recognized, and the affinity of
Maackia with the hitherto monotypic genus Cladrastris
(Virgilia lutea of our gardens) could not have been
anticipated. Nevertheless these two geographically widely
severed plants are unquestionably congeneric, and not to
be separated by even a sectional character. It thus adds
another to the remarkable assemblage of genera found in
the two countries indicated, but not in the intervening
territories of Western America, and of which Professor Asa
Gray has made such good use in tracing the origin and
-Inigrations of the North American Flora.

Cladrastis amurensis is a small tree, attaining forty feet
in height, discovered in Manchuria, where it ranges in the
basin of the Amur river from lat. 50° 15’ to 52° 20’ N.

APRIL Ist, 1881.

and it has also been found in the Japanese island of Jesso.
Like C. virginica (Virgilia lutea), it is perfectly hardy in
England, and, unlike the last-named plant, it flowers abun-
dantly at Kew in the month of August, fruiting in October.
The pods vary much in shape and size, in native specimens
from one and a quarter to two inches long, whilst at Kew
they attain three and a half inches in length. The Royal
Gardens are indebted to Mr. Van Volxem, of Brussels, for
specimens which are planted in the Leguminous beds of
the Arboretum.

Descr. A tree forty feet high, with a trunk six inches in
diameter, and spreading and drooping densely leafy
branches; young parts silkily pubescent, as are the
rounded bud-scales. Leaves alternate, four to six inches
long, pinnate ; pinne three to four pair, subopposite, shortly
petioled, two to three inches long, ovate ovate-cordate or
elliptic-ovate, obtuse or subacute, membranous, glabrous or
sparsely hairy beneath, nerves slender ; petiole terete.
Jtacemes four to six inches long, subterminal, drooping
with ascending flowers, shortly peduncled, very dense-
flowered, cylindric. Flowers one-third of an inch in
diameter, one to three together, greenish-white ; pedicels
rathar larger than the calyx; bracts very small. Calyx
shortly cylindric, obtusely shortly two-lipped. Standard
obovate-spathulate, recurved, notched, gradually narrowed
into the claw; wing's linear-oblong, obtuse, with a deeply
cordate base, claw slender; keel oblong, obtuse. Ovary
pubescent; style very short. Pod two to three and a half
inches long, linear or elliptic-lanceolate, acute at both ends,
much compressed, membranous, veined, brown. Seeds

oblong.—J. D. H.

Fig, 1, flower; 2, cal
standard ; 5, wings ;
and 10 enlarged.

1yx staminal bundle and ovary, cut vertically ; 3, calyx; 4,
6, keel; 7, stamens; 8, ovary; 9, pod; 10, seed:—all but 9

PL. 6552.

Vincent Brooks Day & Son imp

ABdel JN Fitch Lith,

L.Reeve & C°. London.

Tas. 6552.
AQUILEGTA formosa.
Native of the Rocky Mountains and California.

Nat. Ord. Ranuncviacem.—Tribe HELLEBORER.
Genus Aquizeeta, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 8.)

AQuiLEet1a formosa ; caule gracili erecto superne puberulo 1-3-pedali, foliis radica-
libus biternatis segmentis ultimis cuneatis obtuse 3-5-fidis 2 -lobulatis, floribus
1-2 poll. diam. lateritiis v. rubris sepalis intus petalisque aureis, sepalis ovato-
lanceolatis acuminatis, petalorum limbo sepalis dimidio breviore orbiculari v.
late ovato-orbiculari apicibus rotundatis v. apiculatis, marginibus recurvis,
calcare recto brevi v. elongato apice vix incurvo. Tab. 6552 A.

A. formosa, Fisch. in DC. Prodr, vol. i. p. 50; Torr. et Gr, Fl. N. Am. vol.i.p. 30.

Var. flavescens, floribus aureis. A. flavescens, Wats. Bot. Calif. vol. i. Tab.
6552 B.

The more the American and Eastern Asiatic Columbines
are brought under cultivation, the more difficult does it
become to distinguish the species proposed by Russian and
American authors ; and I very much suspect that ultimately
there will be recognized only one or two sportive forms of
the genus. Of the characters chiefly relied upon for dis-
tinguishing the forms, none are constant, and least of all
the two most conspicuous, the length of the spur and
colour of the flower. In respect of colour, and, indeed, all
other characters, A. formosa comes nearest to A. canadensis,
Linn. (Tab. nost. 246), which varies from red to orange
and yellow, from which it differs in the larger flowers and
in the much longer and more slender spurs, and in the very
open perianth. From A. leptoceras of Nuttall (not of Fischer)
(Tab. nost. 4407), and its var. chrysantha (Tab. nost. 6073),
it differs in the much smaller petals, which are rounded,
with the limb more cupped, and not dilated beyond the
middle, and especially in the much fewer stamens of more
unequal length, and more protruded from the flower.
A. leptoceras has indeed been referred by Watson, in the
Botany of California, to the lovely A. carulea (Tab. nost.
9477), the pride of the Rocky Mountain Flora, whose

flowers vary in colour from the most beautiful azure blue

APRIL Ist, 1881.

to lilac, orange, golden-yellow, and white. This latter
species is, however, abundantly distinguished by the shorter
filaments and anthers more collected into a head.

Still another form of Western North American Columbines
is the A. truncata, Fisch. and Mey. (Regel Sert. Petrop.
1852, t. 11), retained as a species peculiar to California by
Watson in the Botany of California (p. 10), (A. eximia,
Van Houtte in Flor. des Serres, 1857, t. 1188; A. Californica,
Lindl.), but regarded by others as a variety of formosa. It
is even nearer to A. canadensis than is A. formosa, having
short thick spurs and very small sepals and a small limb to
the petal. I have gathered it in the Wellingtonia Groves
of the Sierra Nevada. Lastly, there is A. flavescens, Wats.
from the Rocky Mountains, which appears to me to be
another form of formosa, with pale golden flowers. At
fig. B of the accompanying drawing is represented what I
take to be this latter plant. It is remarkable that in both
the forms here figured the spurs are twice as long as in any
of the numerous Herbarium specimens I have examined of
formosa, truncata, or flavescens, or than they are in any
other Aquilegia but the forms of A. cwrulea.

All these Aquilegias are natives of the margins of —
mountain streams in Western North America, and have
been introduced into the Royal Gardens at various times,
flowering in July and August.

Descr. Stem very slender, one to three feet high, more
or less glandular, hairy above. Leaves biternate, ultimate
segments cuneiform, obtusely lobulate and crenate. lowers
on very slender peduncles, one and a half to two inches
long, brick-red and yellow or wholly yellow. Sepals
lanceolate, acuminate, horizontally spreading in the red-
flowered forms with a golden band down the centre. Petals
with the limb suborbicular in outline, tip rounded or sub-
acute, margins rather recurved; spur long or short, some-
times one and a half inches long, tips scarcely incurved,
slightly swollen. Filaments far exserted, of very different
lengths, outer almost twice as long as the inner; anthers
scattered. Sfyles shorter than the longest stamens.—J. D. H.

Fig. A, A. formosa and B, var. flavescens—both of the natural size. Fig. A,

1, section of flower; 2, stamen ; 3, carpel laid open; alZ of A. formosa ; all except
Al, enlarged.

PL.6558
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‘Vincent Brooks Day & Son imp

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MS.del, JN. Fitch, Lith

I. Reeve &C° London...

Tas. 6553.
KNIPHOFIA Uvieu var. Maxima.

Native of the Orange Free State.

Nat. Ord. Lintacrm.—Tribe HEMEROCALLIDER.

Genus Knrpnorta, Moench. ; (Baker in Journ, Linn, Soe. vol. xi. p. 360.)

Kyipnorta Uvaria var. maxima 3 dense cespitosa, foliis linearibus e basi 14 poll.
lato ad apicem acuminatum sensim attenuatis glauco tinctis acute carinatis
margine vix serrulatis, seapo valido 4~6-pedali, racemis subspicatis oblongo-
cylindricis densis, floribus deflexis, pedicellis brevissimis, bracteis lanceolatis
pedicellis multo longioribus, perianthio eylindrico 15-18 lin. longo segmentis
lanceolato-deltoideis, genitalibus longe exsertis,

This is the plant now widely spread in gardens under
the name of Kniphofia or Tritoma maxima or grandis.
Though for garden purposes it has an individuality of its
own, I cannot find any characters to separate it specifically
from the well-known Red-hot Poker plant, Kniphofia Uvaria
(Bot. Mag. Tab. 4816), from which it differs by its more
robust habit, longer and broader leaves, stouter scape and
rather longer flowers, with more decidedly exserted stamens
and style. Our drawing was made from plants which
flowered in the herbaceous ground at Kew in October, 187 9,
which we received from Max Leichtlin, Esq. It is a native
of the Orange Free State, whence we possess dried wild
Specimens gathered by Mr. Thos. Cooper in 1862. We have
a dried garden specimen trom Mr. Cooper, in which the
flowering scape, including the raceme, was nearly seven
feet long. 8%

Descr. Densely tufted. Leaves linear, four or five feet
long, tapering gradually from a base an inch and a half
broad to a long acuminate point, glaucous, acutely keeled,
not serrulate on the edge. Scape four or five feet long,
as thick as a man’s thumb, obtusely angled by ridges
decurrent from the bracts. Racemes dense, subspicate,

APRIL Ist, 1881,

oblong-cylindrical, a foot or more long; flowers all deflexed ;
pedicels very short; bracts lanceolate, a quarter to half an
inch long. Perianth cylindrical, an inch and a quarter or
an inch and a half long, yellow, more or less tinted with
red; segments lanceolate-deltoid. Stamens and style both
considerably exserted.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, stamens and pistil; 2, anthers ; 3, ovary; 4, horizontal section of ovary :
—all enlarged.

PL.6554.

MS.del JN Fitch Lith

Vincent Brooks Day &Son imp

LReeve & Co London.

Tas. 6554.

HECHTIA CORDYLINOIDES.
Native of Mexico.

Nat. Ord. Brometiacex.—Tribe DycKrEx,
Genus Hzcutta; (Klotzsch in Zuecar. Plant. Nov. Hort. Monae. fase. iv. p. 239,
eo,

Hecutta cordylinoides ; acaulis, foliis multis dense rosulatis linearibus bipedalibus
strictis apice pungentibus facie nitidis obscure viridibus dorso albo-incanis —
verticaliter lineatis margine aculeis corneis falcatis pungentibus armatis, pedun-
culo valido bipedali foliis pluribus linearibus subscariosis preedito, floribus in
paniculam amplam ramis multis patentibus superioribus simplicibus cylindricis
subspicatis inferioribus parce ramosis dispositis, pedicellis brevissimis basi
minute bracteatis, floribus parvis albis segregatis, sepalis oblongo-deltoideis
Sead oblongis duplo brevioribus, staminibus in plantam masculam exsertis,

lamentis subulatis.

This fine new Bromeliad is just like the three Hechtias
already known (H. glomerata, Gheisbreghtii, Bot. Mag.
Tab. 5842, and argentea) in habit and leaf, but it differs
from them entirely in inflorescence, its minute white flowers
arranged in ample panicle, recalling Cordyline and Dasy-
lirion more than any recognized Bromeliaceous type. The
genus is exclusively Mexican, and represents in the northern
half of the continent Dyckia of Brazil and the Argentine
territory, from which it differs mainly by its polygamo-
dioicous flowers. I believe that Hechtia is a perfectly good
genus, and there is certainly no foundation, as a glance at
Zuccarini’s Memoir will show, for the idea thrown out by
Dr. Karl Koch (Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol, 1863, Appendix,
page 3), that Hechtia of Klotzsch is a different thing from
Hechtia of Zuccarini. Our drawing of H. cordylinoides
was made from a plant that flowered in the Cactus house
at Kew in the summer of 1880. We have had the plant
Some time, and have no precise record of its history, but
there is in the British Museum a dried specimen of the-
Same or a closely-allied species gathered by Dr. Schott

APRIL Ist, 1881,

(No. 625) on the Cerro de Maxeana, in the province of
Yucatan. The plant forms a very interesting addition to
our small stock of Bromeliads from the subtemperate zone,
which can be grown under the same conditions as ordinary
Aloes, Agaves, and Cacti. |

Descr. Rosette sessile, four feet in diameter. Leaves
about a hundred, very thick and rigid in texture, arching
but slightly, linear, two feet long, an inch and a half broad,
and half an inch thick at the base, tapering gradually to a
pungent point, dull green, smooth, shining, and nearly flat
on the face, white, with fine vertical lines down the convex
back, armed down the edges with pungent falcate deltoid-
cuspidate brown horny prickles, half to one inch apart.
Peduncle stout, erect, about two feet long, furnished with
several linear subscariose bract-like leaves. Flowers poly-
gamous, arranged in an ample panicle five or six feet long,
with very numerous spreading cylindrical shortly-peduncled
branches, the upper ones simple, the lower with a couple
of short branchlets from the base; pedicels very short,
subtended at the base by a minute deltoid membranous
bract ; main spikes four to six inches long, not more than
half an inch in diameter when expanded ; rachis green,
sulcate, obscurely pilose. Perianth white, not more than
an eighth of an inch long; sepals oblong-deltoid, greenish,
half as long as the oblong petals. Stamens in the specimen
figured fully developed, a little exserted ; filaments subulate ;

anthers minute, oblong, versatile. Ovary rudimentary, with
three distinct styles —J. G. Baker.

Fig.1, a closed flower; 2, an open flower ; 3,a flower cut down the middle ; 4, 5,

two views of the anther; 5, 6, rudimentary pistil of the male plant :—all more or
less magnified,

a Gated

Tap. 6555.
BEGONIA SOCOTRANA.

Native of the Island or Socotra.

Nat. Ord. Becontacem.
Genus Brconta, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. J. Gen, Pl. vol. i. p. 841,) >

Breonta socotrana; sparse patentim hirsuta, erecta, foliis peltatis orbicularibus
disco intruso infundibulariformi marginibus recurvis crenatis, floribus monoicis
roseis masculis numerosis, perianthii segmentis 4 obovatis, staminibus in globum
confertis, filamentis brevibus liberis, antheris clavatis recurvis apice rotundata
postice dehiscentibus, floribus feemineis solitariis, perianthii segmentis 6 ellip-
tico-obovatis, stylis brevibus ramis patenti incurvis non tortis, stigmatibus
cordatis linea papillosa conjunctis, ovario 3-gono 3-loculari, loculo dorsali alato,
placentis integris.

B. socotrana, Hook. f. in Gard. Chron. 1881, p. 8, eum ic. xylog.

A beautiful species, of which tubers were brought by
Dr. I. B. Balfour from the dry and hot island of Socotra,
in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Arabia, one of the last
places in the world in which a Begonia could have been
expected to occur. From the geographical position of that
island the affinity of this discovery may be conjectured to
be either Asiatic or African, and, upon the whole, though
referable to none of the sixty sections of the genus, founded
by Klotzsch and A. de Candolle, it must, I think, be placed
in the African one of Augustia, from the characters of
which it differs chiefly in the male perianth having four
Segments, in the shorter filaments, rounded top of the
anther, in the six lobes of the female perianth (instead of
five), and the untwisted arms of the style—characters all
of which, except the last, occur in the Natal B. geranioides,
Hook f. (Bot. Mag. Tab. 5583), to which B. socotrana is
unquestionably closely allied. This is only one of the
many most interesting plants brought by Dr. I. B. Balfour
from an island which he alone has had the good fortune to
explore, and the publication of the results of which explora-

APRIL Ist, 1881,

tion are awaited with impatience by botanists no less than
horticulturists. ae

The Royal Gardens are indebted to Dr. Balfour for
tubers, which he liberally presented to that institution in
April, and which flowered in December, a season when
such a plant is doubly welcome to the cultivator, as the
similar Begonias of the Andes, which make so magnificent
a show in the conservatory during the summer and autumn
months, are then all long past flowering. It is easily
propagated by its tubers, and as the Kew plants continued
in flower for two months in a warm conservatory, it will,
doubtless, prove a great favourite.

Descr. Erect, stout and succulent, sparingly branched,
six to ten inches high, sparsely hairy all over the stem and
leaves. Leaves orbicular, peltate, four to seven inches in
diameter, centre with a funnel-shaped depression, margin
recurved and crenate. Flowers monoecious, bright rose-
pink, one female and several males on the same inflorescence.
Male flewer four inches in diameter; perianth-segments
four, obovate. Stamens in a small globose head, filaments
very short; anthers clavate, recurved, tip rounded. Female
flower rather smaller than the male; perianth-segments six,
oblong, obtuse. Styles very short, stigmas horse-shoe
shaped, arms not twisted, united by a pappillose belt.

ery three-angled, one angle winged; placentas entire.
—J. LD. H.

Fig. 1, ovary ; 2, the same cut open transversely :—doth enlarged.

PL 6556.

Vincent Brooks Day & Son Lith

& A Orwerad del JN Fitch Lith

Lic ern et Co Beetle

Tas. 6556.
MUSSCHTA AUREA.

Native of Madeira.

j Nat. Ord. CampanuLacex.—Tribe CAMPANULER.
- Genus Musscuia, Dumort.; (Benth. et Hook f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 560.)

Musscuta aurea; acaulis v. caule brevi valido, glaberrima, nitida, foliis confertis
breviter crasse petiolatis elliptico-lanceolatis utrinque angustatis subdupli- v,
triplicato serratis coriaceis, panicula terminali erecta stricta pyramidata ramis
apices versus cymiferis, bracteis foliaceis integerrimis v. subserratis, cymis 2-5-
floris, floribus erectis, pedicellis crassis incurvis, calycis tubo obconico lobis
magnis ovatis acutis erecto-patentibus, corolla aures segmentis patentibus v.
reflexis lanceolatis acuminatis calycis lobos sequantibus. ’

M. aurea, Dumort. Comm. Bot. 1823, p. 28; Alph. DC. Mong. Campan. p.368,
et in Prodr, vol. vii. p. 495; Lowe Man, Kl. Madeir. vol. i. p. 574,

CAMPANULA aurea, Linn. f. Suppl. p. 141; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, vol. i, p. 351;
Vent. Jard, Malm. t. 116 Py ihianit traite des Arbres. vol. iii. p. 169, cum
ic. ; Jacq. Hort. Schenb. vol. iv. t. 472 ; Ker Bot. Reg. t. 57. 8

This is the most beautiful of the indigenous plants of
Madeira, of which Mr. Lowe, in his Manual of the Flora of
that island, says: ‘“ Nothing can exceed the singularity
and splendour of a fine panicle as it occurs on its native
rocks; almost wholly of a rich golden-yellow, and shining
as if varnished, in full contrast with the equally bright
shining dark green foliage.” And agam: * Had this
plant grown in Italy, it might well be supposed to have
suggested the idea of the famous golden branch of the
Cumean Sybil to the Roman poet.” Though more beauti-
ful, in point of singular appearance it falls short of its only
congener, M. Woollastoni, also a native of Madeira, figured
at Tab. 5606 of this work, which has larger and ver pale
flowers, surmounted by a columnar green style wit five
spreading and recurved arms, each one-half to nearly an
inch long. With regard to this last species, it may be well
to record here Mr. Lowe’s observation (Manual, p. 577)
that the flowers in its native state are much more coloured

May lst, 1881.

than under cultivation, and the corolla is of a dull ochreous-
yellow streaked with dull red, giving it somewhat of a
purpurascent orange or lateriteous tint.

M. aurea is a common plant on the sea cliffs of Madeira,
and also ascends the ravines, rooting deeply into fissures of
perpendicular dry sunny rocks; it was introduced into
England in 1777 by Masson, a collector sent from Kew to
South Africa, who visited Madeira en route to his destina-
tion. The specimen figured flowered at Kew in July and
August of last year. The whole plant abounds in milky
juice. .

Duscr. Stem none or in old plants a few inches (rarely a
foot) long, cylindric, thicker than the thumb, fleshy, scarred,
rarely branched. Leaves in a single terminal tuft, dark
green, varnished and shining, five to six inches long by three
to three and a half wide, very narrow, petioled, elliptic-
lanceolate, doubly or trebly serrate ; petiole stout, one to
two inches long. Panicle terminal, one to one and a half
feet high, pyramidal, stout, erect; bracts leafy, sessile,
entire or subserrate. Flowers about three together in
cymes towards the ends of the branches, one and a half
inches long and as much in diameter, erect, on short stout
upeurved pedicels. Calyz-tube obconic, five-angled, yellow
with five strong green ribs; lobes half to three-quarters
of an inch long, broadly ovate, acute, green, spreading,
green with a golden-yellow midrib. Corolla bright golden-
yellow, tube short, slender; lobes lanceolate, acuminate,
spreading, about as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens with
dilated filaments and narrow linear mucronate anthers.
Style stout, green, not much overtopping the anthers,

stigmatic-arms radiating, greenish. Oapsules bursting —
between the ribs.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, flower cut open vertically ; 2 and 3, back and front view of stamen :—both
enlarged.

at

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Tas. 6557,
MELIANTHUS TRIMENIANUS.
Native of South Africa.

Nat. Ord. Saprnpace®.—Tribe MELIANTHE®.
Genus Metianraus, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p- 411.)

Mettanruvs (Diplerisma) Zrimenianus; foliolis linearibus loriformibus marginibus
revolutis integerrimis v. obtuse serratis subtus albo-villosis, stipulis subulatis,
racemis erectis, floribus verticillatis coccineis, petaloram unguibus ad com-
missuras villosis ceteram glaberrimis, capsula glabra tetraptera.

M. Trimenianus, Hook. f. in Trimen Journ. Bot. N.S. vol. ii. p. 353, t. 138.

For a knowledge of this singular and beautiful plant I
am indebted to Sir Henry Barkly, K.C.B., who, when
Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, discovered it during
a visit to Little Namaqua Land, a district bordering the
Atlantic to the northward of the Cape Colony, from whence
he sent to me dried specimens, together with a drawing by
Lady Barkly, as a new species of Melianthus, with scarlet
flowers. These specimens, together with ripe seeds from
which the plants in the Royal Gardens are now growing,
enabled me to describe the plant fully in Trimen’s Botanical
Journal cited above, where I took the opportunity of dis-
cussing its affinity with the beautiful Greyia Sutherlandi
(Tab. 6040) and strengthening my reasons for regarding
both these anomalous genera as referable to the natural
family of Sapindacee.

The seeds of M. Trimenianus germinated readily, but
the plants kept in the conservatory at Kew made slow
progress compared with one which was sent to Mr. Han-
bury’s garden at Mortola, near Mentone, on the Riviera,
where it flowered for the first time and fruited in 1879,
when the fruiting spike figured at B was kindly sent to me
by Mr. Thomas Hanbury, through the post-office. In
December, 1880, it again flowered at Mortola, and Mr.
Hanbury sent me the fine raceme figured here; it
flowered at Kew for the first time early in the same year,
but very poorly in comparison. In its native country
M. Trimenianus is an erect shrub, two or three feet high;

MaY Ist, 1881.

but in the Cape House at Kew it is trained against a rafter,
exactly as the long-known M. major is in the Temperate
House, and grows six or seven feet high. The smell of
the foliage is even stronger than that of the last-named
plant, and exactly like it.

In giving the name of Trimenianus to this plant, I had ~
the double pleasure of commemorating the services rendered
to botany by Dr. Trimen, F.L.S., then the Editor of the
Journal of Botany, and now Director of the Ceylon Botanical
Gardens, it which it was first described; and those rendered
to entomology by his brother, Roland Trimen, F.L.8., of
Cape Town, who accompanied Sir Henry Barkly in his
tour in Namaqua Land, where this plant was discovered.

Desor. A branching shrub. Leaves three to five inches
long, shortly petioled, glabrous above, white-tomentose
beneath, pinnate; pinnules six to ten pair, opposite, linear
or strap-shaped, coriaceous, often curved, obtuse or acute ;
margins recurved, quite entire or obtusely coarsely serrate 5
rachis winged, jointed at the insertion of the pinnules;
margins of wings revolute, like those of the pinnules;
stipules adnate at the base to the petiole, subulate.
Racemes terminal, strict, erect, four to eight inches long ;
peduncle and rachis stout, stiff; flowers-in whorls of four
to six; bracts one-third of an inch long and under, ovate,
acuminate, deflexed, equalling the pedicels. Calyx two-
thirds of an inch long, base oblique; segments oblong,
acuminate, deflexed after flowering, posterior lobe broad
or concave, three-lobed, mid-lobe often produced, lateral
Slender ascending. Petals four, deciduous, clawed, lan-
ceolate, declinate, acuminate, waved, scarlet ; claws fleshy,
_ cohering by their woolly margins. Disk fleshy, horse-shoe

‘Shaped. Stamens four, persistent, didynamous, inserted
within the disk, two posterior shorter, their filaments
carinate below. Ovary oblong, four-celled ; style elongate,
ascending ; ovules four, two-seriate in each cell. Fruit
three-fourths of an inch in diameter, cruciately four-winged, _
wings reticulated, cells two- to four-seeded. Seeds very
various in shape, pyriform or orbicular.

Fig. A, flowering specimen ; 1, vertical section of flower, of the natural size; 2,

rae enlarged ; 3, stamen, and 4, apex of style and stigma, Both much enlarged;
5, fruit, of the natural size. to style and stigma, ‘9

6558.

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Tar. 6558. -
PROTEA prEniciLuara.
Native of South Africa.

' Nat. Ord. ProtEacrm.—Tribe Protre2.
enus Protga, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook, f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 169.)

Protea penicillata; fructicosa, robusta, tota laxe sericeo-pilosa demum glabra,

foliis sessilibus oblongis lineari-oblongis v. oblongo-lanceolatis glaucescentibus

obtusis v. acutis coriaceis obsolete venosis marginibus late recurvis interdum
subtortis, capitulo sessili magno turbinato v. late cylindraceo, involucri squamis
numerosis erectis imbricatis obtusis sericeo-pilosis viridibus, infimis brevibus
sequentibus sensim longioribus oblongis, intimis lineari-oblongis flores sub-
equantibus truncatis rotundatis y. apiculatis flavidis, perianthio sesquipollicari
sericeo segmentis apice barbatis, stylo gracili reeto, stigmate obscuro.

P. penicillata, EZ. Meyer in Plant. Drege ; Meissner in DC. Prodr. vol. xiv. pars
1, p. 235. :

P. Mundii, Klotzsch in Ott. et Dietr. Gartenzeit, 1838, p. 113.
P. longiflora, var. Mundii, Link, KU. et Ott. Ic. Pl. Rar. vol. i. p. 55, t. 22.
P. ovalis, Buek in Pl. Drege. :

The Cape Proteace, the favourites of our grandfathers,
may be said to have “‘ gone out of cultivation,” so completely
have they been replaced by other tribes of more or less

deservedly popular, but neither more interesting nor more —

curious plants. Of Protea alone, twenty-three Cape species
were cultivated in Kew at the date of the publication of the
second edition of the ‘‘ Hortus Kewensis” (1810), and
twelve are figured in the Boranican Macazing, the last, P.
grandiflora, Tab. 2447, in the year 1823. No less than
twenty-three are figured in “ Andrew’s Botanical Reposi-
tory,” published between the years 1797 and 1804, This
neglect of a whole genus of most conspicuous plants which
forms a grand feature in the vegetation of one of England’s
greatest colonies, is not due to want of beauty, for some of
the formerly cultivated species are amongst the handsomest
of plants, whether for size, form, or colour of inflorescence ;
and would carry away the first prize at any horticultural show.
Such are—P. cordifolia (Tab. 649), with its scarlet branches,
blue leaves, and gorgeous heads of ruby-coloured bracts ;
P. lepidocarpa (Tab. 674), with leaves edged with red and
jet-black velvetty involucral scales bordered with a silver
may Isr, 1881.

iss.

fringe ; P. cynaroides (Tab. 770), with golden-edged leaves
and pink heads half a foot in diameter; P. speciosa (Tab.
1183), with silver-edged leaves, heads six inches long, and
flesh-coloured bracts, with a border of black fringed with
silver; P. latifolia (Tab. 1717), with cordate leaves bordered
with pink, and a crown of stamens three inches high and
six in diameter, surrounded with spreading rose-coloured
bracts four inches long and fringed with silver. Of these
and many other such, the present and even the past gene-
ration of horticulturalists know absolutely nothing ; this is
mainly due to the introduction of those improved systems
of heating houses and that incessant watering, that favours
soft- wooded tropical plants, and is death to the Proteas of
South Africa and the Banksias of Australia. Nevertheless,
that these, and many others requiring like treatment, will
_ be re-introduced, aud:will be the wonders of the shows of
many successive seasons, is as certain as that they once
were the glories of the old hot-air heated kilns, that our
forefathers called stoves, in which Orchids quickly perished,
and Banksias and Proteas throve magnificently.

Protea penicillata is one of the least attractive of the
_ whole genus, and is no encouragement to the cultivators of
the tribe ; its singular appearance and rarity being iis only
recommendation. The plant here figured flowered in August,
1880, and was raised from seed sent by Mr. MacOwan, late
Principal of Gill College, Somerset East, an excellent
botanist, to whom the Royal Gardens are indebted for
many valuable seeds and bulbs, as well.as herbarium spe-
cimens, and who has lately accepted the Directorship of
the Botanical Gardens at Cape Town, which are to be
established on a new footing. The seeds were collected on
the Boschberg Mountains in Somerset East, at an elevation
of 4000 feet, and the dried specimens, which correspond
with the cultivated ones, differ from others gathered nearer
Cape Town, in the longer styles, narrowed to the obscurely
thickened stigma; the styles of most of Drége’s original
specimens of P. penicillata being shorter, with decidedly
capitate stigmas. I find, however, no other difference, and
this may be sexual.—J. D. H.,

Fig. 1, flower; 2, base of perianth and filament; 3, anther; 4, ovary cut open,
showing the ovule :—al/ enlarged.

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Tas. 6559.
JASMINUM Goraciitimum.

Native of Borneo.

Nat. Ord. Orgacem.—Tribe JasMINER.
Genus Jasminum, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 274.)

JASMINUM gracillimum; patenti-hirsutum, ramis elongatis gracillimis teretibus
decurvis, foliis 1-1}-pollicaribus oppositis breviter petiolatis ovato-cordatis
acutis v. acuminatis subtus hirsutis, paniculis globosis densifloris pendulis,
floribus breviter pedicillatis albis suaveolentibus, corolla alba, tubo lobis caly-
cinis filiformibus patentim pilosis subduplo longiore, limbi 1} poll. diametr.
lobis ad 9 elliptico-lanceolatis acutis,

J. gracillimum, Hook. f. in Gard. Chron. 1881, p. 9, eum Ie. Xylog.

A very near ally of the well-known Jasminum pubescens
of India and China, which is the type around which are to
be ranged a good many closely-allied species, differing in
habit, in the amount of pubescence, and in the size and
number of flowers, and of the divisions of the corolla, all
of them natives of Eastern Asia and its islands. Of these,
J. gracillimum is one of the most distinct in its graceful
habit and in the abundance of its large sweet-scented
drooping flowers, which are also more copiously produced,
im which respects I know of none to compare with it. It
appears to be a small species; the pot-plant exhibited by
Messrs. Veitch at the Royal Horticultural Society, and
which was in full flower, was about three feet high,
branched from the base, the long very slender branches '
Springing from low down on the stem and curving over
on all sides, weighted down by terminal globose panicles
as large as the fist. :

J. gracillimum is a native of Northern Borneo, where it
was discovered by Mr. Burbidge (the author of the charm-
ing little work on that island, recently published under the
title of “The Gardens of the Sun”’) when collecting for
Messrs. Veitch, with whom the plant flowered last December.

MAY Ist, 1881.

Descr. A shrub; branches many from the root, ascend-
ing and recurved, very slender, spreading on all sides, and
as well as the petioles and branches of the inflorescence,

clothed with rather long spreading hairs. . Leaves one to
one and a half inches long, opposite, shortly petioled,
ovate-cordate, acute or acuminate, hairy beneath, bright
deep green. Heads of flowers globose, as large as the fist,
dense. Flowers shortly pedicelled, white, one and a quarter
inches in diameter, sweet-scented. Oalyz teeth subulate,
half as long as the corolla-tube. Corolla-tube two-thirds of

an inch long; lobes about nine, elliptic-lanceolate, acute.
—J.D. H.

Fig. 1, flower cut longitudinally; 2, calyx; 3, stamen; 4, stamens and lip ot
style and stigma; 5, stigma :—all but figs. 1 and 2 enlarged.

AB del IN Fita: Lith, Vincent Brooks Day &Sonlith

LReeve & C2 London.

Tas. 6560.

POTENTILLA (Ivesra) uneurounata. :
Native of California.

Nat. Ord. Rosacem.—Tribe PorentinieR.
Genus PoTENTILLa, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 620.)

Porentinia (Ivesia) wnguiculata; sericeo-villosa, caule gracili sparse folioso
superne paniculatim ramoso, foliis radicalibus anguste lineari-elongatis ob folia
imbricata cylindraceis, foliis sessilibus 3-foliolatis, foliolis elliptico-lanceolatis
acutis integerrimis, floribus laxe paniculatis, calycis tubo campanulato lobis
ovatis acuminatis, petalis orbiculatis calyce paulo longioribus albis ungue sub-
elongata, staminibus 2-seriatis numerosis, filamentis filiformibus, carpellis
3-8 glabris, stylo gracili.

Ivesta unguiculata, Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. vol. vii. p. 339; S. Watson, 1. ec.
448, et in Bot. Calif. vol, i. p. 183.

> *

as

A very delicate silvery plant, with pearly-white flowers,
a native of the famous Yosemite Valley in California,
where it grows in meadows at an elevation of 8000 feet
above the sea-level. In a young state and in dry weather
it forms a really charming herbaceous border- or rock-plant,
but when dashed by the rains of an English summer (an
ordeal it is not exposed to in its native country), it presents
a miserable and draggled appearance, its beautiful leaves
being sometimes beaten down and almost buried in the
soil. It belongs to a section of Potentilla which has been
erected into a gertus under the name of Ivesia, consisting
of nearly a dozen species, natives of the mountains of
Western North America, with usually small imbricating
_ leaflets that give the leaf more or less of a cylindrical
form; this character, combined with others appertaining
to the first discovered species, appeared to suffice to
establish the genus as distinct from Potentilla and Horkelia.
Subsequent discoveries, however, have invalidated the
claims of Ivesia, and it was reduced to Potentilla in the
“Genera Plantarum,” respecting which view Dr. Gray says
under Horkelia Bolanderi (Proc. Amer. Acad. vol. vii.

MAY Isr, 1881. ”

p. 338): “This and the following (Ivesia tridentata) are
among the species which go far to justify the views of
Bentham and Hooker, and now also of Engelmann, who
would combine Horkelia and Ivesia with Potentilla. T am
reluctant to adopt this conclusion.” I have only to add
that, since the publication of the “ Genera_Plantarum,” I
have seen two species of Ivesia living in Western N. America,
together with the one here figured at. Kew, and have recon-
sidered the question of its generic validity after studying
the rich Himalayan collections of Potentilla, and that my
Opinion is confirmed as to the impossibility of maintaining it.

I. ungwiculata was raised from seed sent by Dr. Gray, and
flowered in July last.

Desor. Clothed with soft-shining silky hairs. Stem a
Span to a foot high, sparsely leafy, very slender, panicu-
lately branched above. Radical leaves four to eight inches
long, petioled, narrowly linear in outline, not half an inch
in diameter, flexuous, appearing cylindrical from the closely-
packed leaves, which are sessile, and consist of three sessile
elliptic-lanceolate acute leaflets, of which the middle or
longest is about a quarter of an inch long; rachis and
petiole very slender, cauline leaves more sessile, with more
scattered leaflets; stipules lanceolate. Flowers half an
inch in diameter, pearly-white, in open panicles with
slender spreading branches peduncles and pedicels ; bracts
at the lower forks leafy, at the upper ovate-lanceolate.
Calyz-tube narrowly ‘campanulate; ‘lobes ovate, acute, .
spreading and reflexed. Petals rather longer than the
calyx-lobes, rounded, with rather long narrow claws.
Stamens on the throat of the calyx-tube, numerous, in two
Series, filaments filiform; anthers minute. Carpels three

to eight, minute, glabrous ; style filiform.—J. D. H.

&

Fig. i; leaf; 2, fl

el Malaga ower; 3, thesame cut vertically 5 4, stamen ; 5, ovary and style:

&

*”

AB. del IN Fitch Lith

Vincent Brooks Day &Son imp

uReeve & CoLondon

Tas. 6561.
CLERODENDRON TRICHOTOMUM.

Native of Japan.

Nat. Ord. Verpenacex.—Tribe Viticex.
Genus CLEropENpRon, Linn. : (Benth. et Hook. SJ: Gen. Pi. vol. ii. p. 1155.)

CLERODENDRON trichotomum; fraticosum, glabrum, pubescens v. subtomentosum,
ramis cylindraceis crassiusculis, foliis amplis oppositis longe petiolatis basi
triplinerviis opacis integerrimis v. margine obtuse subserratis inferioribus
magnis trilobis superioribus lato ovatis v. rotundato-ovatis longe acuminatis,
cymis terminalibus et axillaribus trichotomis laxifloris longe pedunculatis
pubescentibus, pedunculis pedivellisque gracilibus, bracteis minutis v. obsoletis,
calycibus ovoideis inflatis 5-gonis rubrofuscis acute 5-fidis, corolla albe tubo

gracili lobis zqualibus oblongo-ovatis obtusis, anthcris longe exsertis.

C. trichotomum, Thunb. FI. Japon. p. 256; Schauer in DC. Prodr, vol. xi. p. 668 ;
Kempf. Aman. p. 827, t. 22.

A native of Japan, of which I have seen specimens also
from the Loochoo Island, Formosa, and China, at Amoy
and Shanghai, though whether it is a native of the latter
countries may be doubted. That it is indigenous in Japan
can, | think, hardly admit of a question, for it seems to be
found from Hakodadi to Yokohama, and it was described
by Keempfer and Thunberg, the latter of whom states that
the wood of the branches is inhabited by a larva which is
used as a vermifuge for children. :

Clerodendron trichotomum was introduced into this
country some years ago, and has proved hitherto quite
hardy, flowering copiously in September, when it nel
very handsome appearance, but whether it has stood t e
unusual severity of this present winter remains to be seen ;
its foliage is early cut by autumnal frosts, and it has not
fruited at Kew. In native specimens the corolla-tube is
always exserted, sometimes twice as long as the calyx, and
slightly curved, but in the Kew specimens it is not exserted
for more than a quarter of aninch, ‘The whole plant has

JUNE Ist, 1881.

when bruised a peculiar heavy smell, which Thunberg
likens to the poisonous odour of Mandragora.

Duscr. A shrub six to ten feet high, sometimes a small
tree; glabrous pubescent or almost tomentose; branches
round, smooth, soft; rather stout. Leaves soft and flaccid,
the lower very large and trifid, the upper broadly ovate
or orbicular-ovate, rarely cordate, long-acuminate, triple-
nerved at the base which is more or less suddenly con-
tracted into the petiole, margins quite entire or obscurely
undulate (I have not seen them in the native or cultivated
State so serrate as they are in the plant cultivated at Kew);
petiole one and a half to three inches long, slender, terete.
Cymes numerous, axillary and terminal, long-peduncled,
much trichotomously branched, suberect and drooping ;
branches spreading and pedicels very slender; bracts small,
caducous. Calye half an inch long, ellipsoid or ovoid,
five-angled, acutely five-lobed above the middle, red-brown.
Corolla white; tube more or less exserted, very slender,
sometimes twice as long as the calyx, slightly curved; limb
nearly one inch in diameter, segments nearly equal, elliptic,
obtuse or subacute, horizontally spreading. Stamens with
the filaments longer than the eorolla; anthers oblong.

Style very slender. Fruit four-lobed, included in the some-
what enlarged calyx.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, fl. wer eut open longitudinally ; 2, anthers; 3, stigma; 4, section of evary =
—all enlarged.

6562.

j Brooks,Day & Son Imp.

t

‘Vince

SEENON GBE Pccener es
cesar
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INFilch Lith

J

MS del.

L.Reeve & C2 London

Tas. 6562.
HYMENOCALLIS Harnistana.

Native of Mexico.

Nat. Ord. AMARYLLIDACER.—Tribe PANCRATIER.

Genus Hymenocatuis, Herb.; (Kunth Enum. vol. v. p. 664.)

IIymenocatris Harrisiana; bulbo parvo globoso tunicis brunneis membranaceis,
foliis 3-5 synantiiis oblanceolatis subacutis glabris subpedalibus e medio ad
basin sensim angustatis, scapo subancipiti subglauco foliis breviore, umbellis
2-3-floris, spathe valvis lanceolatis, ovario oblongo-trigono sessili loculis biovu-
latis, perianthii tubo cylindrico 3-5-pollicari, limbi segmentis linearibus tubo
brevioribus, coronze parve infundibularis margine dentibus parvis interstamineis
proedito, staminibus limbo brevioribus, antheris magnis linearibus luteis,

stigmate capitato.

H. Harrisiana, Herbert in Bot. Reg. vol. xxvi. (1840), Mise. p.35; Kunth Enum.
vol. v. p. 672. : ;

This is a very distinct species of Hymenocallis, remark-
able for its dwarf habit, few-flowered umbels, and leaves
not truly petioled, as in fH. speciosa and H. guianensis, but
narrowed gradually from the middle to the base. It was
originally described by Dean Herbert from specimens im-
_ ported from Mexico about the year 1840 by T. Harris,

_Esq., of Kingsbury, after whom it was named. It was
never figured, and appears to have been soon lost from
cultivation, but Herbert’s description is so full and clear,
that when we received specimens at Kew in the summer of
1879, almost simultaneously from Colonel Trevor Clarke
and Mr. Elwes, there was no difficulty in identifying it.
A plant which has been distributed under the garden name
of Hymenocallis uniflora is clearly a mere form of the same
species. Co

Desor. Bulb globose, an inch and a-half in diameter,
with brown membranous tunics. Leaves three to five from
a bulb, contemporary with the flowers, oblanceolate, bright
green, glabrous, subacute, a foot long, one and a half or
two inches broad two-thirds of the way up, narrowed

JUNE Ist, 1881.

gradually from the middle to the base. Scape eight or
nine inches long, slightly ancipitous and slightly glaucous.
Flowers usually two or three to an umbel, quite sessile, white,
not distinctly fragrant ; spathe-valves lanceolate, scariose.
Ovary oblong-trigonous, half an inch long, with two ovules
in each cell. Perianth-tube cylindrical, varying from three
to five inches in length, greenish in the lower part, white
upwards; segments of the perianth-limb linear, under
three inches in length. Corona funnel-shape, from half to
three-quarters of an inch long, and about the same in
diameter at the throat, where it is furnished with a single
small tooth between each of the filaments. Stamens about
an inch shorter than the segments of the perianth-limb ;
anthers linear, versatile, bight yellow, half or three-
quarters of an inch long. Style in our specimens not —
nearly reaching up to the anthers, but described by Herbert
as overtopping them ; stigma capitate.—J. G. Baker.

*

Fig. 1, a couple of stamens, life size ; 2, stigma, enlarged.

6563.

Vincent Brooks Day & Son Imp

MS del, J.N-Fitch, Lith

LReeve & C9 London

Tap. 6563.
HYPERICUM Coris.

Native of Mid. and 8. Europe.

Nat. Ord. Hypericinem.—Tribe HypErice®.
Genus Hypericum, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 165.)

Hypericum (Coridia) Coris ; glabrum, ramis e caule suffrutescente humili numero-
sissimis gracilibus simpliciusculis erectis v. ascendentibus teretibus, foliis
sub-verticillatim fasciculatis linearibus obtusis marginibus revolutis, panicula
terminali verticillatim ramosa, ramis apices versus floriferis, sepalis lineari-
oblongis obtusis fructu erectis, marginibus glandulosis non imbricatis, petalis
oblique ovato-oblongis obtusis eglandulosis, staminibus triadelphis, stylis 3,
capsula septicida trivalvi.

H. Coris, Linn. Sp. Pl. n. 1107; DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 553, ewcl. citat. et Synon. ;
Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vol. vi. t. 351.

In a very early volume of the Borantcat Macaztyn,
published in 1792 (and in other works), a plant is figured
(Tab. 178) under the name of Hypericum Coris, which has
been rightly distinguished by Willdenow and all subsequent
authorities as a different species from the Linnzan plant of
that name, and called H. empetrifoliwm. This and the
fact. that the two plants are frequently confounded in
gardens, both being now commonly cultivated, renders it
very necessary that a good figure of the true H. Coris
should appear in this Magazine, to a place in which work
its beauty fully entitles it. Lee

The differences between these plants consists in H. em-
petrifolium being a more shrubby, though not a bigger
plant, with very short sepals which are spreading in fruit,
and in having broader and less oblique petals. They have
further, a very different geographical distribution, 17. Coris
being dispersed from the South of France to the Tyrol and
occurring in many parts of Italy, whereas H. empetrifolium
is confined to the Grecian Archipelago and neighbouring
shores of Greece and Asia Minor. With regard to the fact
that the Crimea is assigned to H. empetrifolium im this

JUNE lst, 1881.

Magazine (H. Coris, Tab. 178), it is unquestionably an
error, as neither of the two species extends into the Russian
dominions. The late Mr. Lee, who is the authority for
this statement, probably received the seeds from some
- voyager who, on returning from the Crimea, had collected
them in the Greek islands.

The true H. Coris was introduced into England as early
as 1640, and is figured in Parkinson’s -Theatrum; for the
specimen here figured I am indebted to G. C. Joad, Hsq.,
F.L.S., of Wimbledon Park, the possessor of one of the
richest and most accurately named collections of herbaceous
plants in Britain.

Desor. Stem woody and rooting below, sending up very
many erect or ascending cylindric subsimple glabrous
slender branches six to eight inches high. Leaves about
one inch long, in spreading subwhorled fascicles of four to
six, spreading, narrowly linear, obtuse, with margins quite
entire and revolute, sometimes to the midrib. Inflorescence
terminal, of spreading whorled branches one to two inches
long; bracts at the base of the branches linear, margins
glandular. Flowers three to five. towards the ends of the
branches, three-quarters of an inch in diameter, golden-
yellow, on short slender eglandular pedicels. Sepals one-
sixth to one-quarter of an inch long, linear-oblong, obtuse,
fringed with black glands, erect in fruit. Petals three
times as long as the sepals, obliquely oblong, eglandular.
Stamens in three fascicles. Styles three. Capsule three-
celled. Seeds linear-oblong.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, bract; 2, bud ; a; geste 4, bundle of stamens; 5, pistil; 6, transverse
section of ovary; 7, fruiting branch; 8, petal of WV. empetrifolium ; 9, bud of the
same :—all more or less enlurged.

Vincent Brooks Day & S02 Imp

L Reeve &C° London

Tas. 6564.
NARDOSTACHYS Jaramanst.
Native of the Himalaya.

Nat. Ord. VaLERIANER.
Genus Narpostacays, DC.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 153.)

Narpostacuys Jatamansi ; subscapigera, glabra v. superne pubescens, foliis ra:li-
calibus elongatis elliptico- v. spathulato-lanceolatis acutis in petiolum brevem v.
elongatum angustutis, scapis gracilibus sim plicibus medio bifoliatis, eymis densi-_
floris ad apicvem scapi in paniculam 3-chotome ramosam dispositis, bracteis liberis,
floribus pallide reseo-purpureis sessilibus, calycis pubescentis lobis ovatis basi
connatis ciliatis, corollae oblique tubo cylindraceo basi extus gibbo intus sericeo,
lobis brevibus rotundatis, filamentis gracilibus ciliatis, antheris inclusis, fructu
compresso 1-spermo calycis lobis auctis membranaceis reticulatis coronato.

N. Jatamansi, DC. Mem. Valer. p. 7, t. 1; Prodr. vol. iv. p. 624; Royle Ii. Pl.
Himal, pp, 242, 244, t. 54; Fir. Nees Ic. Plant. Med. fase. iii. t.4; Clarke
in Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. iii. p. 211. -

N. grandiflora, DC. Mem. Valer. p. 8,t..2; Prodr, vol. iv. p. 624; Wall. Pl. As.
_ Rar. vol. iii. p. 40.

Parrtnia Jatamansi, Don Prodr, Fl. Nep. p. 159.

VaLertana Jatamansi, Wall. Cat. 431, not of Jones in As. Res.; Don in Lamb.
Lil. Cinch. p. 180, cum ie.

Narovvs indica, Bauh. Hist. vol. iii. 2, p. 202.
Fepra grandiflora, Wall. Cat. n. 1187.

The interesting plant here figured is unquestionably one
of the Spikenards of the ancients, the history and identifi-
cation of which have been much complicated by the long
prevalent opinion that the word Spikenard referred to but
one vegetable substance, and by the fact that Sir William
Jones in his learned essay on the present plant was misled
into referring its root to the foliage, &c., of a very different
plant, which proved to be a species of Valeriana. _

Royle, who has summed up the history of the Spikenard
of India with his usual care and learning, observes that
Dioscorides described four kinds of Nard, the Syrian, the
Indian (also called Gangites, from the river near which is
the mountain which produces it), the Celtic, and the
mountain Nard; and that a reference to the old Arabic
and Persian works on the subject shows that the Spikenard
or Narden is synonymous with Sumbul, of which four
kinds are described, and that of these four the Sumbul-
hindee is the Himalayan Nardostachys, being the Sunbul-
ool-teeb, or fragrant Nard of the Arabs, the Narden of the

JUNE lst, 1881.

Greeks, the Nardoom of the Latins, the Balcher of the
Hindoos, and the Jatamansi in Sanscrit.

Nardostachys Jatamansi abounds in the loftier regions of
the whole Central and Eastern Himalaya, extending from
Kumaon to Bhotan, at elevations of 11,000 to 17,000 feet,
inhabiting stony places, and varying in stature and amount
of odour according to the elevation, specimens from low
levels attaining twenty-eight inches in height, with larger
leaves and flowers and faintly-scented rhizomes, whilst the
more Alpine forms are dwarf, more slender, smaller
flowered, with very strongly-scented rhizomes. The odour
of the plant is heavy, but not wholly disagreeable, and
though, like similar semifoetid drugs, highly appreciated by
Orientals, it could never find favour amongst the Western
nations of Hurope. The rhizomes are collected in abun-
dance by the natives of the hills, and used throughout the
Kast in a dried state in unguents and as a drug; no
allusion, is, however, made to it in Drury’s ‘‘ Useful Plants
of India.” 2

The species here figured flowered in the Herbaceous
Ground of the Royal Garden in September, 1878, for the
first time in Europe, I believe.

Descr. Root fusiform, inclined, terminating upwards in
a simple or forked ascending stock one to three inches ©
long, densely clothed with the black fibrous remains of the
old petioles. Leaves tufted, two to four inches long, rarely
longer, elliptic-lanceolate or spathulate, acute, nerves
obscure, narrowed into a long or short petiole. Scape four
to ten inches high, with one pair of small sessile leaves
about the middle. Flowers a quarter of an inch broad, in
dense small heads, which are arranged in a trichotomously-
branched terminal panicle. Calyx pubescent ; lobes ovate,
connate at the bases, acute, enlarged and reticulate in fruit.
Corolla pale rose-purple, one-third of an inch long, cylindric,
gibbous at the base and contracted into a very short narrow
tube ; lobes rounded, dorsal larger. Filaments hairy. Style
filiform ; stigma simple. Fruit compressed, one-seeded,
three-celled.— J. D. H,

Fig. 1, Bract, calyx, and style ; 2, corolla; 3, the same laid open; 4, stamen; 5,
ovary laid open ; 6, ovary cut transversely ; 7, fruit; 8, empty cells of ditto; 9,
section of fruit showing the seed; 10, 11, and 12, seed; 13, embryo; 14, transverse
section of ditto :—all enlarged.

aa PL.G565

mti wl =
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M.S.del, JN. Fitch, Lith Vincent Brooks Day & Som ,

L Reeve & C° London

Tas. 60965.
AECHMEA LINDENI.

Native of South Brazil.

Nat. Ord. BromMELIACEEZ.—Tribe BILLBERGIER.

Genus Ecumea, Ruiz et Pavon; (Baker in Trimen Journ. Bot. N.S. vol. viii.
p- 129.)

Acura (Pothuava) Lindeni ; acaulis, cespitosa, foliis circiter 20 loratis rigidis
erectis 2-3-pedalibus apice rotundatis minute cuspidatis facie viridibus canali-
culatis dorso obscure lepidotis et lineatis margine aculeis minutis deltoideis
ascendentibus armatis, pedunculo subpedali foliis pluribus parvis lanceolatis
scariosis adpressis superioribus rubellis pradito, foribus multis in spicam
densam oblongam simplicem aggregatis, bracteis membranaceis rubris inferi-
oribus lanceolatis acutis calyce equilongis, ovario oblongo luteo glabro, se alis
deltoideo-orbicularibus imbricatis distimcte oblique cuspidatis, petalis lingulatis
citrinis sepalis duplo longioribus basi appendiculatis, genitalibus inclusis.

. (Pothuava) Lindeni, Baker in Trimen Journ, N.S. vol. viii. (1879) p. 233.

Hortopuytum Lindeni, EF. Morren. in Belg. Hort. vol. xv. (1865) p. 164; vol.
xxili. (1873) p. 81, t.5; K. Kochin Wochenschrift, vol. viii. (1865) p. 398. —

Next to Billbergia, Aichmea may fairly be considered the
most effective genus of Bromeliads for decorative purposes.
Of late years our knowledge of it has rapidly increased,
and several fine new species have been brought into
cultivation. Taking the genus in a broad sense, so as to
include Hoplophytum, Echinostachys, Pothuava, and Canis-
trum, as it is treated in my monograph in the Journal of
Botany above cited, we know now not less than sixty
species, so that next to Tillandsia it is the largest genus in
the Natural Order. The present plant was distributed by
Linden in 1865, and was received by him from M. Libon,
who discovered it in the province of Santa Catherina in
South Brazil. Our drawing was made from a plant
presented to the Kew collection by Mr. J. i Peacock,
which flowered in the palm-stove in March, 1879. It is a
near ally of the plant figured by Gaudichaud (Atlas Bonite,
Tab. 117) under the name of Pothuava spicata, which I

JUNE lst, 1881.

take to be merely a variety of the widely-diffused Aechmea
nudicaulis of Grisebach, the Bromelia nudicaulis of Linneeus.
Dzscr. Tufts sessile, crowded. Leaves about twenty in
a rosette, lorate, rigid in texture, erect, two or three feet
long, three inches broad at the dilated base, one and a half
or two inches at the middle, rounded with a small cusp at
the apex, green and glabrous on the channelled face,
obscurely lepidote and lineate on the back, the edge
bordered by minute ascending horny teeth. Peduncle
about a foot long, with several small ascending lanceolate,
adpressed scariose leaves, the upper tinted red. Flowers
numerous, tightly packed in a dense simple oblong spike
two or three inches long; bracts one to each flower, bright
red, membranous in texture, the lower ones lanceolate
acute, as long as the calyx, the upper ones shorter and
obtuse, with a cusp. Calyx not more than half an inch
long including the ovary, which is oblong, glabrous, and
bright orange-yellow ; sepals orbicular-deltoid, horny, im-
bricated, with a large oblique cusp. ~ Petals lingulate,
obtuse, lemon-yellow, twice as long as the sepals, scaled
inside at the base. Stamens included; filaments and
anthers both linear, lemon-yellow, the latter dorsifixed and
erect. Ovary many in a cell, central, horizontal; style
filiform ; stigmas linear, spirally twisted.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, the whole plant, reduced ; 2, a sepal, enlarged; 3, a complete flower,
with its bract, natural size ; 4, a petal, with the stamen attached to it; 5, one of
the basal scales of the petal; 6, two views of an anther; 7, stigmas ; 8, horizontal
section of ovary; 9, an ovule:—all more or less enlarged.

‘3
are
Aa

Vincent Brooks Day & Son Imp

N Fitch, Lith.

T
vu

MS del,

L Reeve &C° London

Tas. 6566.
CUS CUTA REFLEXA.

Native of India.

Nat. Ord. ConvOLVULACEEZ.—Tribe CuscuTrEx.
Genus Cuscuta, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 881.)

Cuscura (Callianche) reflera; caule funiculari levi v. verrucoso, floribus capitatis
v. laxe racemosis, calycis tubo sepe verrucoso brevi, lobis brevibus rotundatis,
corolla tubo cylindraceo calyce duplo longiore, lobis 5 brevibus patenti-reflexis,
squamis ad basin fere corolla insertis oblongis v. obovato-oblongis incurvis dense
fimbriato-marginatis, staminibus ore coroll# insertis filamentis brevissimis
antheris breviter oblongis, ovario ovoideo-globoso, stylo brevi, stigmatibus
oblongo-clavatis, capsula circumscissa 4-sperma, septis tenuissimis, seminibus
compressis.

C. reflexa, Roxb. Cor. Plant, t.104; F7. Ind. vol.i.p. 446; Choisy in DC. Prodr.

vol, ix. p. 454; Engelmann in Trans, Acad. Sec. St. Louis, vol. i. p. 518.

. reflexa var. verrucosa, Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 150.

. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. n. 1318.

. macrantha, G. Don Gen. Syst. vol. iv. p. 305; DC. 1. e. 455.

- megalantha, Steud. Nomencl.

. elatior, Choisy Monegr, Cuscut.

. verrucosa, Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 6.

ero Gt oy

Though seldom seen in cultivation, this curious plant
was first introduced into England in 1823, when it was
raised in Colvill’s then celebrated Nursery, from seeds sent
from the Calcutta Botanical Gardens, and figured in Sweet's
British Flower Garden as Cuscuta verrucosa. In the follow-
ing year it flowered in the Edinburgh Botanical Garden,
from seeds sent from the Madras Presidency, and was
figured and described in the Flora Exotica under its
proper specific name. It is a-very common Eastern
Asiatic plant, occurring in China, Japan, and throughout
the Peninsula and the Gangetic valley, in Ceylon and the
whole length of the Himalayas, ascending to 9000 feet in
Sikkim, attaching itself to a great many different plants,
and varying much in the stoutness of the stem, the most

JUNE Ist, 1881.

slender forms inhabiting the lower levels. On the banks
of the river Soane in Bengal I have seen it clothing small
trees with a beautiful web of golden cords studded with
white sweet-scented flowers.

C. reflewa is very easily cultivated. Sweet points out
that the more juicy the plant is to which it attaches itself,
the stronger it grows, and says that the strong-growing

species of Pelargonium suit it admirably. He adds that a
' plant raised in spring began flowering in September, and
soon became entirely covered with flowers of a most
delightful fragrance, somewhat resembling a mixture of
_cowslips and violets; and that a plant which had taken
hold of the ivy by Mr. Colvill’s shop soon covered a great
part of it, where it continued in flower till the very severe
frosts, and ripened its seeds.

I am indebted for the specimen figured here to Mr.
Lynch, of the Cambridge Botanical Gardens, whose success
has been identical with that. of his predecessor sixty years
ago. He finds it to flourish on Pelargoniums, and in
contact with a bed of tree-ivies, it formed a mass twenty-
three feet long and twelve broad, which was all killed by
six degrees of frost.

Dersor. Stem as thick as whipcord or less, whitish or
yellow, smooth or warted. Flowers in clusters on short
lax racemes, a quarter of an inch long, nearly white, very
sweet-scented. Calyx short, hemispheric, lobes rounded.
Corolla much longer than the calyx; tube cylindric ; lobes
broadly ovate, spreading and recurved. Scales near the
base of the corolla-tube obovate-spathulate, incurved,
tomentose and with a dense fringe of curled hairs. Stamens
at the mouth of the corolla, filaments very short; anthers
small, oblong. Ovary nearly globose; style very short ;
stigmas two, subcylindric. Capsule circimsciss.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, flower cut through longitudinally; 2, corolla laid open; 3, scale; 4,

stamen; 5, stigmas; 6, transverse section of ovary; 7, immature seed :—all
enlarged.

6567.

incent. Brooks “ Timp
MS. del. JN Fitch, Lith Vincent, Brooks Day &Son Imy

L. Reeve &C® London

Tas. 6567.
BOLBOPHYLLUM Beccaartt.

Native of Borneo.

Nat. Ord. OxcHIDEZ.—Tribe DenpRoBIER.
Genus Botpopayiium, Thouars ; (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. p. 47.)

BoLBopHyLium Beccarii; giganteum, rhizomate crassissimo repente alte scandente,
pseudobulbis pro planta parvis obovoideo-globosis, foliis pseudobulbo solitariis
maximis ovato-orbiculatis obtusis v. subacutis basi contractis et eum pseudo-
bulbo articulatis crasse coriaceis pallide viridibus, pedunculo a basi pseudobulbi
brevi crasso decurvo vaginis late triangulari-ovatis acutis inflatis imbricatis
purpureo vittatis vestito, racemo ovoideo-cordiformi dependente incurvo
densissime multifloro fetidissimo, bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis rubro striatis
flores eequantibus, floribus pro planta parvis, ovario gracili, perianthio ringente,
sepalis ovatis subacutis revolutis purpureo reticulatis, petalis lanceolatis acumi-
natis pallide lilacinis vitta media purpurea, labello breviter stipitato ovato-
lanceolato obtuso recurvo disco 3-costato, columna obtusa antice utrinque minute
2-aristata.

B. Beccarii, Rehb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1879, vol. i. p. 41; 1880, vol. ii. p. 326, 525,

This is in many respects one of the most gigantic of
Orchids; I know of none with so stout a rhizome, so large
a leaf, or such massive inflorescence. On the other hand,
specimens of various species of Vanilla are far more bulky ;
and I have been credibly informed of a single plant of Vanda
teres in Birma being a sufficient load for an elephant! In
one character B. Beccarii transcends all other Orchids, if not
all other vegetables, and that is in the foetor of its flowers,
which is loathsome beyond description ; of the same nature
as that of Amorphophallus and of other Aroids (that of
putrid fish), but more widely diffused, penetrating, and
enduring. Although the drawing here given was executed
in an airy room, close to a large open window, the artist
was repeatedly overpowered by it, and finally made for a
time really ill.

This most singular plant was discovered, ini 1853, by
Thomas Lobb, when collecting for Messrs. Veitch, in the

JULY lst, 1881.

Island of Borneo, and leaves collected by him are preserved
in the Lindley Herbarium of Orchids, now at Kew ; but it
was the celebrated traveller and botanist, Odoardo Beccari,
who first obtained flowering specimens, which led to the
determination of its genus, and to its being described by
Reichenbach. Itis singular that the Malayan Islands should
present three of the largest flowered and most foetid plants
in the world—this, the Rafflaria of Sumatra, and the
wonderful Amorphophallus Titanum, discovered in this last-
named island by M. Beccari.

The specimen here figured was kindly communicated, in
August of last year, by Messrs. HE. G. Henderson and Sons,
who were the first to flower it in Europe.

Descr. Rhizome as thick as the thumb, winding round
the trunks of trees, to which it adheres by numerous root-
fibres from its under surface, smooth, cylindric, green.
Pseudobulbs rather distant, sessile, two inches in diameter
and upwards, nearly globose, but contracted at the base,
smooth, green. Leaves solitary and jointed on the pseudo-

bulbs, one to two feet long, by three-quarters to one and a
half broad, recurved, subacute, abruptly narrowed at the
concave base, thickly coriaceous; nerves many, parallel.
Pedunele from the base of the pseudobulb, short, decurved,
thickly clothed with imbricating broadly ovate acute in-
flated sheaths of a dull purple colour streaked with red.
Raceme six inches long and upwards, by three to three and
a half in diameter, pendulous, elongate ovoid with an
obtuse incurved tip, most dense-flowered and foetid; bracts
about equalling the flowers, lanceolate, acuminate, pale
lilac striped with red. Flowers one-third of an inch in
diameter. Ovary slender. Sepals ovate-oblong, revolute,
ochreous, with red reticulations. Petals lanceolate, acum1-
nate, dull ochreous with a central red band. Tap chore
Stipitate, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, recurved, yellow wit
red ribs on the disk. Colwmn short, obtuse, with two short
teeth in front at the tip.—J. D. H.

San Le

Fig. 1, Flower seen in front; 2, the same in profile ; 3, column and lip ; 4, lip;
5, column; 6, pollen :—ai/ enlarged. :

6568.

Or:

Ws
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a

London

Tas. 6568.
GEUM eEzatum.

Native of the Himalaya Mountains.

Nat. Ord. Rosacrm.—Tribe PorEnTILLER.
Genus Geum, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 619.)

Gervm (Sieversia) elatum ; herba sparse patentim pilosa, foliis radicalibus breviter
petiolatis angustis a basi ad apicem rotundatam sensim dilatatis interrupte
pinnatisectis, segmentis sessilibus rotundatis oblongo-rotundatisve crenatim
sectis alternis 1-3 minoribus interdum minutis terminalibus confluentibus, foliis
caulinis minoribus basi late stipulatis stipulis adnatis varie sectis, caule gracile
parce ramoso, floribus longe pedunculatis erectis flavis, calycis lobis ovato-
lanceolatis v.. deltoideis integerrimis v. dentatis, petalis orbicularibus apice
rotundatis v. emarginato-2-lobis, acheniis sericeo-villosis, stylo elongato glabro
recto v. apicem versus curvo.

G. elatum, Wall. Cat. n. 711; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. ii. p. 343.
Sreversia elata, Royle Ii7. Him. Pl. p. 207, t. 39.

This belongs to a small section of Geum, separated from
it by Willdenow as the genus Sieversia, the species of which
differ from their congeners in the style, which elongates as
the achene ripens, but does not become suddenly bent or
twisted above the middle; as, however, all its other cha-
racters are those of Gewm, which the species altogether
resemble in habit, I have reduced Sieversia to a section of
that genus. It includes about a dozen species, natives of
mountainous districts in Europe, northern Asia, and N,
America, where one, S. Rossii, is a native of high arctic
regions. Two are figured in this work—G. triflorum (Tab.
2858) and G. Peckii (Fab. 2863), both North American
plants. Gewm elatum inhabits the whole length of the
Himalaya. In its typical form, as figured here, it ranges
from Kashmir to Kumaon, at elevations of 9000.to 12,000
feet ; further eastwards, in Nipal and Sikkim, it is replaced
by a subalpine form, var. humile, Royle (Geum adnatum,
Wall.), a small plant, with usually a one-flowered scape,
which inhabits elevations of 12,000 to 15,000 feet.

JULY Ist, 1881.

The specimen figured was raised from seeds sent by Mr.
Elhs, of the Forest Department of India, and flowered in
the Royal Gardens in the open border in July, 1880.

Descr. Whole plant laxly hairy, one to two feet high.
Rootstock woody, cylindric, inclined. Radical leaves six to
twelve inches long by one and a half to two and a half
broad, subsessile, narrow, gradually dilated from the base
to the rounded tip, pinnatisect ; segments very many and
unequal, the larger pairs having one to three pairs of very
unequal smaller ones between them; large segments orbi-
cular-oblong, deeply irregularly crenate, base rounded or
cordate, the uppermost confluent and more oblong. Stem
very slender, twice or more forked, rarely simple ; cauline
leaves small, with larger adnate cut stipules. Flowers erect,
one and a half inch in diameter and under; peduncle long,
slender, naked or with one or two erect laciniate bracts.
Calyzx-lobes ovate-deltoid or lanceolate, entire or toothed ;
bracteoles lanceolate. Petals orbicular, sometimes notched
or two-lobed, golden-yellow. Stamens very short, glabrous.
Ovaries numerous, villous ; styles short, straight, elongating
in fruit. Achenes narrowly ellipsoid, acute at both ends,
compressed, villous ; style filiform, glabrous, straight or
curved towards the tip.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Stamen- ; 2, ovaries :—both enlar,ed.

6569.

ANY

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\
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\

MS.del. I NFitch lath

Pee
Vincent Brooks Day & 59! imp

L Reeve & O° London

Tas. 6569.
KNIPHOFIA COMOSA.

Native of Abyssinia.

°

Nat. Ord. Lin1acem.—Tribe HEMEROCALLIDER,

Genus KnipHoria, Moench. ; (Baker in Journ. Linn. Soe. vol. xi. p, 360.)

KwipHoria comosa ; rhizomate brevi crasso, fibris radicalibus copiosis cylindricis,
foliis linearibus subtriquetris viridibus acuminatis, floribus cernuis in racemum
densum oblongum aggregatis, pedicellis brevissimis, bracteis lanceolatis pedicello
3-4-plo superantibus, perianthii lutei infundibularis semipollicaris tubo supra
ovarium constricto segmentis deltoideis, genitalibus perianthio subduplo
longioribus, racemo fructifero elongato cylindrico pedicellis ascendentibus,
fructu orbiculari.

K. comosa, Hochst. in Flora, 1844, p. 31; Baker in Trimen Journ. 1874, p. 4.

The genus Kniphofiais interesting geographically because
like Gladiolus, Aloe, Philippia, Aristea, Geissorhiza, Morea,
and many others, it has its head-quarters at the Cape, and
is represented in Abyssinia and other mountainous regions
of Tropical Africa by outlying representatives. Two of
the Abyssinian species have lately been brought into culti-
vation,—the present plant and K. Quartiniana, A. Rich.,
which was figured lately in Regel’s Gartenflora (Tab. 907).
K. comosa is much dwarfer.in habit than the well-known K.
Uvaria of the Cape, with narrower leaves and smaller
flowers, with the stamens and style very much exserted
from the perianth. Of the smaller Cape species it approaches
closely K. pumila, Kunth, a figure of which, under the
name Tritoma pumila, will be found at Tab. 764 of the
BorantcaL Macaztne. Our drawing was made from a
specimen sent by Mr. Elwes, with whom it flowered at
Cirencester last September.

Descr. Rootstock thick and short, sending out copious
long fleshy root-fibres. Leaves in a dense rosette, linear,
erect, bright green, weak in texture, very acuminate, almost
triquetrous, half or three-quarters of an inch broad low

JULY Ist, 1881.

down, one and a half or two feet long in the wild specimens,
but growing to twice that length in cultivation, finely
veined, smooth or obscurely scabrous on the narrowly
cartilaginous margins.. Scape stout, terete, as long as or
longer than the leaves. Flowers all drooping, aggregated
in a dense oblong raceme; pedicels very short; bracts
lanceolate, membranous, under half an inch long. Perianth —
bright yellow, infundibuliform, half an inch long, the tube
constricted above the base; segments deltoid. Stamens
and style bright red, about twice as long as the perianth ;:
anthers minute, oblong, yellow. Fruit-raceme cylindrical,
half a foot long, with its pedicels ascending. Capsule glo-
bose, about the size of a pea, dehiscing loculicidally, with

numerous small black triquetrous seeds in each cell.—
J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, A flower complete; 2, anthers; 3, pistil; 4, horizontal section of ovary :—
all more or less enlarged. Fig. 5, portion of fruiting-raceme :—life size.

Brooks | Son Lith
Vincent Brooks Day k son

LReeve & C2 London

Tas, 6570.
CRINUM Batrovet.

Native of the Island of Socotra.

Nat. Ord. AMARYLLIDACERm.—Tribe AMARYLLIDER.

Genus Crinum, Linn. ; (Kunth Enum. vol. v. p- 547.)

Crinum (Platyaster) Balfourii ; bulbo ovoideo brevicollo, foliis 10-12 synanthiis
loratis firmulis viridibus vix pedalibus apice deltoideis, seapo compresso foliis
subduplo longiori, umbellis 10-12-floris, spathe -valvis lanceolato-deltoideis,
pedicellis crassis brevissimis, perianthii tubo recto viridulo bipollicari, limbi
segmentis lanceolatis albis tubo xquilongis, filamentis segmentis distincte
brevioribus, antheris parvis lineari-oblongis.

»

This is a well-marked new species of Orinum, discovered
by Dr. Isaac B. Balfour in his recent exploration of the
Island of Socotra. Its nearest alliance is with two Hima-
layan species, C. amenum and longifolium of Roxburgh;
but all the three subgenera of Crinum, Stenaster, Platyaster,
and Codonocrinum, are represented in each of the three
tropical continents, and also in Australia. Our drawing was
made from a plant that flowered at Kew last autumn. The
flowers are pure white and very fragrant, and the bulb and
leaves are much smaller than those of the ordinarily culti-
vated kinds ; so that it will be a decided acquisition from a
horticultural point of view, and it is to be hoped, as Dr.
Balfour secured a good supply of bulbs, that it will be
permanently established as a memorial in our conservatories
of his adventurous and successful expedition, in which
about a hundred new species and twenty new genera of
plants were discovered. :

Descr. Bulb ovoid, about three inches in diameter, with
a short neck. Leaves about a dozen in a rosette, contem-
porary with the flowers, lorate, spreading, bright green,
firm in texture, closely veined, under a foot long, one and
a half or two inches broad, with a deltoid tip, and a narrow

JULY Ist, 1881.

cartilaginous denticulate edge. Scape springing from the
top of the bulb below the rosette of the leaves, compressed,
one and a half or two feet long. lowers very fragrant,
ten or twelve in an umbel; spathe-valves pale, lanceolate-
deltoid ; pedicels stout, very short, each subtended by a
long filiform white bract ; ovary oblong, about half an inch
long; perianth-tube cylindrical, greenish, permanently
erect, two inches long; segments of the limb lanceolate,
pure white, as long as the tube, spreading horizontally, half
an inch broad. Filaments erecto-patent, two-thirds as long
as the perianth-segments ; anthers linear-oblong, small for
the genus. Style reaching up to the summit of the stamens,
tinged with red.—J. G. Baker.

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Tap.. 6571.
HOMALONE MA WaAtLIsII.

Native of New Grenada.

Nat. Ord. AnorpEm.—Tribe PHILODENDRE.
Genus Homatonema, Schott.; (Engl. in A. DC. Monog. Phaneroy. ¢ol.ii. p. 332.)

Homatonema Wallisii ; acaulis, foliis ovatis v. ovato-oblongis breviter acuminatis
glabris supra viridibus pallide maculatis subtus glaucis, petiolo brevi antice
canaliculato vagina elongata, pedunculo brevi, spathe sordide punicee albo
punctulatz tubo ventricoso lamina ovata acuminata cymbiformi latiore et paullo
longiore, spadice spatha paullo breviore parte feemineo quam masculo multo
breviore et paullo crassiore, ovario 2-3-loculari.

H. Wallisii, Regel in Gartenfl. 1875, p. 33; 1876, p. 320; Engler in A. DC.
Monog. Phanerog. vol. ii. p. 342.

CurmMERIA Wallisii, Masters in Gard. Chron. 1877, p. 108, f. 16; Rafarin in
Rev. Hortic. 1878, p. 192, f. 36; André in Ill. Hortic. vol. xxv. p. 24, t. 303.

I have followed Dr. Engler, the author of the excellent
Monograph of Aracee (in Alph. De Candolle’s continuation
of the Prodromus), in referring the genus Curmeria to a
section of Homalonema, though the species are all American,
whilst the Homalonemas proper are exclusively Asiatic,
relying on his statement that there are no constant
differences between them; feeling incompetent, without as
thorough an examination of all the species as he has made,
to pronounce an opinion of my own on the subject. It is,
however, remarkable how few genera of the Order are
common to the old and new worlds, the chief others being
Spathiphyllum and Arisema, of which the first is tropical,
and the last temperate. M. André, indeed, says in the
“ Tllustration Horticole’”’ (1. ¢.), that. an examination of
the original species (0. Roezlii), and of two others, con-
firms his opinion that the genera are different, and adds
that Dr. Masters is of the same opinion. But M. André
does not give the grounds of his opinion, and in referring
to Dr. Masters’ account of OC. Roezlit (Gard. Chron. 1874,

JULY Ist, 1881.

p- 804), and of C. Wallisii (1877, p. 108), I do not find
that he anywhere expressed an opinion as to the validity of
the genus; he simply rightly refers these plants to André’s
genus Curmeria, and is no more responsible for the sound-
ness of the latter, as distinct from H. omalonema, than I am
for Engler’s view of both these being sections of one genus.

H. Wallisii was discovered by the collector whose name
it bears in the Andes of Columbia, when travelling for Mr.
Bull, to whom the Royal Gardens are indebted for the
specimen of the plant from which our figure is taken, and
which flowered at Kew in October, 1878. Mr. Brown
informs me that there are two forms of the species, that
here figured and one with narrower leaves that have very
indistinct cartilaginous margins. _ :

Descr. Rootstock subterranean, stout, aromatic ; stem 0.
Leaves numerous, spreading, thickly coriaceous, four to six
inches long, oblong or oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate,
quite glabrous, base rounded or narrowed, dark green above
with very pale blotches, glaucous beneath; petiole very
short, grooved in front, sheathing part one to two inches
long, membranous, red. Peduwnele one to one and a half
inch long, stout, and as well as the leaf-sheaths and spathes
of a dirty red-purple colour speckled with white. Spathe
three inches long, tube or convolute portion obliquely
turgid, one and a half inch long by one in diameter; limb
rather shorter and narrower, erect, acuminate, boat-shaped.
Spadiz almost as long as the spathe, rather slender, cylin-
dric, obtuse ; female portion a half to three-quarters of an
inch long, densely clothed with minute densely-packed
flowers, male portion three times ag long, narrower, pale
yellow. Stamens three, very short, cells globose, connective
trigonous tumid. Ovary obovoid, compressed, two- to three-
celled, stigma sessile discoid ; ovules numerous, inserted on —

placentas projecting from the Septum, anatropous or semi-
anatropous.—J. D. H.

4 Fig. 1, Spadix ; 2, stamens seen from above ; 3, a single stamen seen in front ;
» Ovary ; 5, transverse section of ditto; 6, ovules :—alJ enlarged.

6572.

wee,

AS

—
potent gon
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i Brooks Day & San lath

Vincent!

LReeve & C2 London

Tan. Bere,
SYNECHANTHUS rrsrosvs.

Native of Guatemala.

Nat. Ord. Patmex.—Tribe CoaM@DOREX.

Genus Synecnantuvs, H. Wendl. in Bot. Zeit. vol. xvi. p- 145.

Synecnantuvs fibrosus ; palma gracilis, inermis, caudice arundinaceo annulato,
foliis pari-pinnatis, foliolis multijugis hic illic interruptis lineari-lanceolatis
acuminatis medio costatis 5—7-nerviis basi lata insertis, marginibus basi recurvis,
vaginis brevibus, spadicibus interfoliaceis longe pedunculatis 2-3-plicato ramosis
erectis fructiferis pendulis, ramis strictis gracillimis compressis, spathis pluribus
tubulosis membranaceis persistentibus, floribus minutis in acervulos elongatos
distichos ramulos spadicis alternatim marginantes dispositis, inferiore in acervulo
ceteris ¢, sepalis transverse oblongis, petalis ¢ ovatis valvatis, 9 orbicularibus
imbricatis, staminibus 6, ovario globoso 3-loculari, stigmatibus 3 sessilibus,
bacca ellipsoidea 1-sperma.

8. fibrosus, Wendl. l. ec.
Ratuea fibrosa, Karst. in Wochenschr. vol. i. p. 377, vol. ii. p. 15.

A graceful tropical Palm, one of a genus of three known
Species, two of them natives of that part of the American
continent which, extending from Mexico to Panama, is
commonly known as Central America, and which includes
Yucatan, Guatemala, Belise, Honduras, Nicaragua, and
Costa Rica; the third Colombian. These countries are all
rich in Palms, for a knowledge of which we are mainly
indebted to Herman Wendland and (irsted, the enterprising
botanical explorers of those unhealthy regions.

Synechanthus is remarkable for the arrangement of the
flowers, which form linear groups of eight or ten, placed
alternately on the opposite edges of the compressed branches
of the spadix, the lower flower alone in each group being
female, the rest male. In this respect Synechanthus a good
deal resembles the Mauritian genus Hyophorbe, which differs
very materially in its infra-foliaceous spadix, in the presence
of staminodia, in the one-celled, one-ovuled ovary, and the

AUGUST Ist, 1881.

pendulous ovule. From Chameedorea, Synechanthus differs
by its moneecious flowers, and their arrangement on the
spadix. :

S. fibrosus is an exceedingly graceful Palm, with a trunk
in the Kew specimen about four feet high, and a crown
of leaves as long, from amongst the bases of which the
graceful spadices spring, laden with almost microscopic
flowers. These are succeeded by the bright orange-red
fruits, which weigh down the spadix, and are copiously
produced. The Royal Gardens are indebted to Dr. Wend-
land, Director of the Royal Gardens at Herrenhausen,
Hanover, for the specimen here figured.

Descr. Trunk four feet high, solitary, erect, slender,
ringed, green. Jieaves as long, erect and _ spreading,
pinnate, sometimes interruptedly ; leaflets numerous, one
to one and a half feet long, spreading and rather pendulous,
linear-lanceolate from a broad adnate base, bright green,
five to seven-nerved, the costa prominent, quite glabrous,
margins recurved towards the base; rachis subterete with
a mesial ridge above; petiole rounded; sheaths short, open.
Spadices numerous, from amongst the leaves, suberect,
one-third as long as the leaves; peduncle long, slender ;
branches many, strict, forked, very slender. Spathes
several, tubular, membranous, persistent. Flowers in two-
ranked short linear clusters of eight to ten placed alternately
on opposite sides of the branches, minute, green, sessile, the
lowest of each cluster female, the rest males; bracts and
bracteoles none. Calyx of three very short transversely
elongate sepals. Petals of the male ovate, valvate; of the
female orbicular, imbricate. Stamens six, attached to the
base of the petals. Ovary globose, three-celled, with an erect
ovule in each cell; stigmas three, sessile, minute. Fruit
an ellipsoid orange-red sessile drupe, one to one and a
quarter inch long ; pericarp fleshy and fibrous. Seed free,
erect, ellipsoid, smooth, raphe with faint branches ; albumen
equable ; embryo near the top of the sexd.-—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Portion of spadix with f flowers ; 2 ale flower; 3, petal
’ group of flowers; 2, young male flower; 9, pe
and stamens ; 4, female flower; 5, transverse section ob wary: 6, seed ; 7, vertical

section of the same showing embryo :—all enlarged.

MS.del.J.N Fitch ith

ith
Vincent Brooks Day &Son i

Reeve & C2 London

Tas. 6578.
BERBERIS sivensis.

Native of Northern China.

Nat. Ord. BERBERIDEZ.—Tribe BERBERER.
Genus Berperis, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 43.)

BERBERIs sinensis ; frutex erectus a basi ramosissimus, ramulis pendulis elongatis
flagelliformibus, spinis 2-3-nisve, foliis fasciculatis coriaceis oblanceolatis
spathulatisve acutis apiculatis v. obtusis integerrimis v. inferioribus parce
spinuloso-dentatis, racemis longe pedunculatis multifloris pendulis, floribus parvis
longe pedicellatis, sepalis 3 exterioribus minutis, baccis elongato-ellipsoideis
utrinque obtusis rubris 1-2 spermis, stigmate parvo sessili.

B. sinensis, Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. Ed. 1804, p. 150; DC. Syst. Pl. vol. ii. p. 8;
Prodr. vol. i. p.106; Duhamel Arb. Ed, Michel. vol. iv. p. 13; Loudon,
Arboretum, vol. i. p. 304,

B. Chinensis, Poiret, Dict. vol. viii. p. 617.

This is the most graceful of all the numerous species of
Barbery cultivated at Kew, the branchlets from the base to
the crown of the plants weeping and being loaded with
blossoms in the spring. The flowers are, however, the
smallest of the genus known to me, and the berries are
smaller than those of B. vulgaris. I have examined native
specimens collected in North China by Bunge, Pére David,
and Mr. John Ross, which display an amount of variation
only too common in all species of the genus; some of the
Specimens having erect branches and pendulous racemes,
and others shortly pedicellate flowers ; but all agree in the
very small flowers and in the general shape of the foliage.
A Caucasian plant received from the Herbarium of the
Imperial Botanic Garden of St. Petersburg, and bearing
this name, resembles it entirely in foliage, but the flowers
are more umbellate towards the end of the raceme. In
young plants the leaves are deeply regularly spinulose-
Serrate.

Berberis sinenis has been long cultivated in the Arboretum

AUGUsT Ist, 1881.

_ of Kew; but was not sd at the period of the publication
of the second edition of the “‘ Hortus Kewensis ” (181]),
where only four species are enumerated as existing in
the Royal Gardens. Loudon, however, states that it was
found during Lord Macartney’s embassy to China, and
introduced into England in 1800. :
Descr. A much-branched glabrous bush four to six
feet high, branches sub-erect; branchlets long, slender,
pendulous ; spines in pairs or threes. Leaves fascicled on
the branches, one to two inches long, very variable in size
and shape in each fascicle, coriaceous, green, not glaucous,
from: linear-obovate to spathulate, obtuse acute or apiculate,
quite entire or rarely sparingly spinulose-toothed (strongly
So in the young plant); nerves faint. Flowers in very
slender long-peduncled pendulous many-flowered racemes
two to three inches long; each on a slender pedicel of one-
fourth to half an inch long, with a minute deciduous bract
at its base. Perianth globose, very small, under one-fourth
of an inch in diameter, pale yellow. Outer sepals minute,
orbicular; next series cymbiform. Petals smaller, Inner
Series rather truncate. Berries one-third to half an inch
long, narrowly ellipsoid, rounded at the base and tip, bright
red, one to two-seeded ; stigma small, quite sessile.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Vertical section of flower ; 2, stamens :—both enlarged.

6574.

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Tas. 6574,
CLEMATIS RETICULATA. —

Native of the Southern United States.

Nat. Ord. RanuncuLacem.—Tribe CLEMATIDER.
Genus Crematis, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 3.)

Ciematis reticulata; caule gracile scandente ramoso glabro, ramulis gracillimis
sericeo-pubescentibus v. glabratis, foliis coriaceis gracile petiolatis superioribus
integris ellipticis v. elliptico-lanceolatis integerrimis, inferioribus pinnatis 7-9-
foliolatis, foliolis multiformibus integris v. irregulariter paucilobatis obtusis,
basi seepissime cuneatis, nervis nervulisque utrinque prominentibus creberrime
reticulatis, floribus solitariis longe pedunculatis, perianthio ovoideo sericeo,
sepalis ovato-lanceolatis erectis apicibus acutis recurvis crasse coriaceis sulcatis
marginibus incrassatis non vittatis, acheniorum caudis elongatis plumosis
persistentibus.

C. reticulata, Walt. Flor. Carolin. p. 156; Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. vol. i. p. 318;
DC. Syst. vol.i. p. 157; Prodr. vol.i. p.7; Torr, and Gr. Fl. N. Am. vol.i.
pp- 10, 658; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. sub. tab. 60; Engelm. and Gray, Plant
Lindh. p. 3; Chapm. Fl. 8. U. States, p.4; S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. N. Am
Bot. p. 11.

Dr. Lindley, writing in 1846, remarks under Clematis
crispa, “The plants cultivated in our Gardens under the
names of Clematis viorna, crispa, reticulata, cylindrica,
rosea, &c., present a scene of confusion such as is rare
among Botanical compilations ;” and he proceeds to devote
four pages to unravelling the synonymy and defining the
characters of the first four of these species. Not success-
fully, however, for he refers the C.crispa of this work
(Tab. 1892) to the present plant, though the excellent
figure there given differs not in any particular from that of
his own OC. crispa, and differs wholly from C. reticulata,
both in the foliage and in having very broad undulate
margins of the sepals. :

Clematis reticulata ranges in the Southern United States
east of the Mississippi, from South Carolina to Florida.
The specimen here figured is from a plant grown at Kew
in the open border, received from Messrs. Rodger McLelland

AuGuST Ist, 1881.

and Co., under the name of CO. Fremonti, a very different
species, with very large leaves and no tails to the achenes.
The flowers which appear in September are much paler
than as described in native specimens. The plant was
nearly killed by last winters’ cold, and is only now beginning
to grow again.
Descr. A rambling climber, with very slender much-
branched glabrous stems, and pubescent branchlets. Leaves
leathery and very closely reticulate with prominent nerves
on both surfaces, upper simple, elliptic, obtuse or apiculate,
lower pinnate with seven to nine leaflets which are most
variable in size and in shape, from oblong or lanceolate to
rounded, and in being entire or lobed. Flowers solitary,
pendulous on the ends of long slender naked pubescent
peduncles. Perianth ovoid, an inch long, dull greenish
and purplish. Sepals lanceolate, pubescent, connivent
except at the recurved tips, thickly coriaceous and grooved,
the margins not thinning out into a waved border. Fila-

ments and slender anthers silky. Achenes with long silky
tails.—J. D. H. 7

Fig. 1, Vertical section of flower; 2, stamens; 3, carpel :—all enlarged.

> he
6575

L feeve & C° Londor

Tas. 6575.
OSBECKIA rostrata.

Native of Bengal.

Nat. Ord. Metastomacem.—Tribe OsBEcKIER.
Genus OsBrckia, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 744.

Ospeckta (Ceramicalyx) rostrata; glabra pilosa v. hispida, caule erecto subramoso
stricto tetragono v. basi tetraptero, foliis oppositis v. 3-natim verticillatis
sessilibus v. breviter petiolatis elliptico-lanceolatis acutis 3-7-costatis glabris v.
utrinque pilosis, costis strigosis, corymbis terminalibus, ramis sepius elongatis,
floribus amplis 4-meris breviter pedicellatis, bracteis ovatis, floribus 4-meris,
calycis tubo elongato-urceolato basi inflato glabro v. stellatim piloso, limbi lobis
ovatis acutis, corolla ampla, petalis late obovato-orbiculatis purpureis, antheris
elongatis longe rostratis, calyce fructifero longe tubuloso glabro stellatim-piloso
v. longissime crinito.

O. rostrata, Don Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 221; DC. Prodr. vol. iti. p.143; Triana in
Trans, Linn. Soc. vol. xxvii. p. 53; Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 1877,
part ii. p. 74; Clarke in Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. ii. p. 517.

O. ternifolia, Don 7. c. p. 221; DO. 2. c. p. 142; Wail. Cat. no. 4058.

O. pulchella, Wail. Cat. no. 4059; Naud. in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 3, vol. xiv. p. 73.
O. campestris, Wall. Cat. no. 4063.

O. longicollis, Wall. Cat. no. 4065.

Melastoma pulchella, Roxb. FU. Ind. vol. ii. p. 403.

Melastomacea, Griffith Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 638.

It is singular that so handsome a plant as this, and so
common a one over a large tract in India, should never
before have been figured in any Horticultural work, the
only published representative being the coarse sketch in
Griffiths’ posthumous “ Scones,” published in Bengal. It is
a native of swampy districts along the foot of the Himalaya
and in Northern Bengal, from Nipal eastward to Assam,
Rangoon, and Burma. These were supposed to be the
limits of its range up to the period of the publication of the
order Melastomacee in the Flora of British India, in 1879,
since which time, however, a perfectly glabrous form of it
has been found by Col. Beddome in the Sirumallay hills of

AvGusT Ist, 1881.

the Deccan, at an elevation of 3500 feet. Asarule it affects
very wet places, and especially rice-swamps, &c., but it
sometimes may be found in moist places in the hills.

Osbeckia rostrata was introduced into Kew about twenty-
five years ago, and flowered first in 1857, but the plant has
been lost, and I am indebted to Messrs. E. G. Henderson,
of Pine Apple Place, for the fine specimen here figured,
which flowered in October, 1880. It requires stove
treatment.

Descr. A rather slender sparingly-branched herbaceous
shrub two to four feet high, glabrous, hairy, or hispid. Stem
soft, strict, sometimes as thick as the finger at the base
and four-winged, four-angled above, side-branches if any
usually long and slender. Leaves three to ten inches long,
opposite and three-nately whorled, subsessile or with short
thick petioles, elliptic-oblong -ovate or -lanceolate, acumi-
nate, quite entire or crenulate; transverse nerves distinct.
Flowers two to two and a half inches in diameter, four-
merous, in loose terminal corymbs with four-angled
peduncles and pedicels; bracts ovate, caducous. Calyx
half to nearly an inch long; tube with an inflated base,
glabrous or stellately pubescent; limb with four ovate
acute segments. Petals nearly orbicular, with a waved
margin. Anthers subequal, with long curved beaks. Ovary
with a glabrous or hispid crown. Fruiting calyz glabrous,
or clothed sometimes densely with very long stellate hairs,
giving it a shaggy appearance.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Stamens; 2, base of calyx and lip of ovary; 3, transverse section of
ovary :—all magnified.

4 der

63/6

Tas. 6576. |
SCHISMATOGLOTTIS CRISPATA.

Native of Borneo.

Nat. Ord. ArorpEx.—Tribe PHInopENDREZ.

_ Genus Scuismatoetortis, Zoll. and Morr.; (Engler Monog. Arac. p. 349.)

SCHISMATOGLOTTIS crispata ; robusta, foliis coriaceis petiolatis oblongis v. ovato-
cordatis apiculatis lobis basi rotundatis sinu acuto, lamina luride viridi
utrinque inter costam et marginem albo sordido irrorata, petiolo robusto
asperulo marginibus crispatulis, vagina auriculata auriculis truncatis, spatha
4-5 pollicari breviter pedunculata lineari-oblonga virescente breviter cuspidata,
spadice spathe zequilonga, parte foeminea mascula breviore annulo organorum
neutrorum superata, parte sterili elongato fusiformi-cylindraceo, connectivo

Sega ovarlis breviter cylindraceis, stigmate orbiculari, placentis 2 parie-
talibus.

The number of Aroidee being now introduced into culti-
vation, from the Islands of the Indian Archipelago especially,
is very great, and: this is a fortunate circumstance in view
of the advance of systematic and descriptive botany; for
difficult as is the analysis of these plants in a living state,
it is infinitely more so in the dried. Just now, thanks to
their frequently variegated foliage, they are favourites in
cultivation, but I doubt if they will long continue so. The
genera to which they belong have been exceedingly well
defined by Dr. Engler, in his “ Monograph of the Araceae,”
a work which proves him to be the worthy successor of the
late veteran Dr. Schott, of Schoenbrun, who was no less
celebrated for his works on the Order, than he was for the
marvellous living collection of species which he brought
together in the Gardens of the Emperor of Austria. The
genus Schismatoglottis is here for the first time figured from
living specimens, and its close affinity to Homalonema
(figured at Tab. 6571) will at once be recognized ; the chief
difference between these genera is the two- or more-celled
ovary of the latter genus, and the micropyle of its ovule
being directed upwards.

AvausT Ist, 1881. ©

Schismatoglottis crispata is one of the many interesting
plants introduced from Borneo by Mr. Burbidge when col-
lecting for Messrs. Veitch, and amongst which the Aroidee, —
which have been studied by Mr. N. E. Brown, of the Kew
Herbarium, are conspicuous for their number and novelty.
I am indebted to Messrs. Veitch for the specimen here
figured, which flowered with them in January of the present
year.
Descr. Stem very short, robust, as thick as the thumb.
Leaves five to seven inches long, coriaceous, oblong with a
retuse base or ovate-cordate with rounded basal lobes,
apiculate, dull green above with dirty white blotches half-
way between the costa and midrib; midrib stout, nerves
many, rather stout, spreading ; petiole two to three inches
long, stout, rough, plano-convex, with raised crisped
margins; sheath broad, membranous, ending upwards in—
spreading truncate wings. Spathe oblong, cymbiform,
shortly peduncled, four to five inches long, pale greenish
white. Spadiz as long as the spathe; female portion
shorter than the male, surmounted by a narrow ring of
neuter organs, and having a few of these scattered amongst
the flowers; male portion much shorter and rather narrower
than the terminal fusiform subacute neuter portion. Anthers
with the connective truncate. Ovary cylindric, one-celled ;
stigma discoid, sessile; ovules parietal, pendulous from
the long funicles, with the micropyle downwards.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Portion of petiole; 2, spadix ; 3, cluster of male flowers; 4, single male
flower; 5, ovary; 6, vertical section of ditto; 7, transverse section of ditto; 8,
ovule :—all enlarged.

4

6577.

Vincent Hroaks Day & Son i

Reeve & C° London

4

: TAB, 5577.
EN GELMANN IA PINNATIFIDA:

Native of the Prairies of N. America.

Nat. Ord. Composirz.—Tribe HELIANTHOIDER.

Genus EncELMannia, Jorr. et Gr.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p.351.)

ENGELMANNIA pinnatifida; herba perennis, erecta, pubescens v. hirsuta, foliis
alternis petiolatis oblongis sinuato-pinnatifidis, lobis obtusis integris dentatis
v. lobulatis, capitulis corymboso-paniculatis longe pedunculatis radiatis hetero-
gamis, fl. radii 2 1-seriatis fertilibus, disci ¢ sterilibus, involucri bracteis
2-3-seriatis laxis extimis subfoliaceis coriaceis intimis concavis foliaceo-
appendiculatis, receptaculo plano paleis flores involventibus onusto, ligulis
elongatis aureis integris, stylo bipartito, fl. disci corolla infundibulari, stylo
elongato indiviso, acheniis radii obovatis compressis exalatis 2-aristatis, disci
filiformibus sterilibus. é

-E. pinnatifida, Torr. e¢ Gr. Fl. N. Am. vol. ii. p. 283; Torr. in Marcy Exped.
Bot. tab. 11.

ANGELANDRA pinnatifida, Hndl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. vol. iii. p. 69; Walp. Rep.
vol. il. pp. 609, 976, vol. vi. p. 149; Anz. vol. ii. p. 849.

A herb belonging to the same great American tribe of
Composite as the Sunflower, named in honour of the veteran
United States’ botanist, Dr. Engelmann, of St. Louis in
Missouri. It is a native of the prairie region of the central
United States, east of the Rocky Mountains, where it ex-
tends from the latitude of Canada to that of Texas. I
have myself collected it in Colorado, growing in dry, grassy
places, where, however, the heads were much smaller than
in specimens from further south, and than those cultivated
at Kew; on the other hand, I have seen cultivated speci-
mens with the rays much broader and rather shorter than
those here figured. Seeds were received at Kew, collected
in New Mexico by Dr. Parry, the plants from which flowered

In the second year, and have proved perfectly hardy, having
_ been unprotected in the Herbaceous Grounds during the last
Severe winter. It flowers in the month of July. The

aveGustT lst, 1881].

genus is very closely allied to Lindheimeria and Berlandiera,
plants of the same region.

Desor. A hardy perennial herb, one to two feet high,
clothed all over with a roughish pubescence or with soft
spreading hairs. Stem erect, unbranched, cylindric, straight
or \flexuous. Leaves two to five inches long, petioled,
oblong, sinuate-pinnatifid to below the middle; lobes
spreading and ascending, obtuse, entire toothed or lobulate,
especially on the lower margins, one-nerved. Heads one to
two inches in diameter, corymbosely panicled, on long slen-
der peduncles. IJnvolucre of several series of loose coria-
ceous green bracts, the outermost herbaceous oblong; the
innermost orbicular, concave, coriaceous, with a short leafy
tip ; receptacle flat, clothed with chaffy scales ; outer scales
lanceolate, adhering in pairs to the base of each involucral
bract ; inner narrow, obtuse. Ray-flowers eight to ten,
female, with an elliptic lanceolate golden-yellow ray which
is entire at the tip. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite, but sterile;
corolla funnel-shaped, five-cleft. Stamens with the anthers
subentire at the base. Style of the ray-flowers two-armed,
of the disk entire, long, hispid. Achenes of the ray broadly
obovoid, dorsally much compressed, keeled down the face,
hispid, crowned with two short awns, each attached at the
base laterally to two scales of the receptacle, anteriorly to a
bract of the involucre, and posteriorly to another recep-
tacular scale which encloses a sterile achene; the achene,
three scales, and abortive achene and involucral bracts, all
fall away together.—J. D, H.

Fig. 1, Inner bract of involucre ; 2, ray-flower ; 3, style-arms of ditto; 4, disk-
flower; 5, style-arms of ditto; 6, two outer scales of receptacle with an inner one
between them ; 7, single scale ; 8, achene :—all enlarged.

1978.

U

Vincent Brooks Day & Son Imp

M.S. del JN. Fitch Lith

Tas. 6578,
KUADEN TA EMINENS.

Native of Western Tropical Africa.

Nat. Ord. CappartpEm.—Tribe CapparEn.
Genus Evapenta, Oliver ; (Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 969.)

EUVADENIA eminens ; suffrutex glaberrimus, caule erecto stricto superne folioso,
foliis breviter petiolatis 3-foliolatis, foliolis sessilibus ovato- v. oblongo-lanceo-
latis longe acuminatis integerrimis, racemo amplissimo corymbiformi multifloro,
pedicellis adscendentibus, sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis, petalis longissimis
anguste spathulatis planis acutis sulphureis, 2 superioribus erecto-recurvis,
2 inferioribus brevioribus interdum nanis porrectis, staminibus 5 anticis
fertilibus, filamentis decurvis dein adscendentibus, antheris oblongis, appendice
dorsali lineari apice 5-fida laciniis apice tortis, ovario 2-loculari longe stipitato.

The genus Huadenia was established by Professor Oliver
upon two tropical African plants, of which one, H. tri-
foliolata, Oliv. (Stroemia trifoliolata, Schum. and Thénn.),
from Old Calabar and Abbeokuta, is an undoubted congener
of the plant here figured, though differing in its racemose
flowers; the other, H.? Kirkii, Oliv., from the Mozambique
district, is probably a different genus, which is very im-
perfectly known. There are also in the Kew Herbarium
imperfect specimens, collected by Mann, of what is probably
a third species, from an elevation of 3000 feet in the
Cameroon Mountains, where it forms a tree 30 feet high.
It is remarkable for its celery-like odour when dry. And,
lastly, there is also in the Herbarium an individual of E.
eminens, collected also by Mann on the banks of the Bagroo
river in 1861.

E. eminens differs from all the other species in the
singularly handsome inflorescence, which resembles a
candelabrum in its ramification, the yellow petals looking
like pairs of gas jets on each branch. It was introduced
from West Africa by Mr. Bull, who kindly communicated

SEPTEMBER 1s, 1881. : i

the specimen here figured in January last. It is of course
a stove plant.

Descr. Apparently a branching soft shrub, or a herb
with soft woody bases to the stems, and probably the
branches also, when fully erown. Branches terete, knotted.
Leaves alternate, petioled, three-foliolate, quite glabrous ;
leaflets four to six inches long, subsessile, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, quite entire, deep green above, paler beneath ;
petiole one to three inches long. Inflorescence shortly
peduncled, terminal, erect, corymbosely candelabriform,
eight to ten inches in diameter; peduncle very short, stiff,
erect; bracts small, subulate, caducous; pedicels two
inches long, slender, spreading and decurved from the
_ rachis, then ascending. Flowers erect ; sepals four, lanceo-
late, acuminate, half an inch long, green. Petals four,
sulphur-yellow; two dorsal four inches long, erect, very
narrowly linear-spathulate, narrowed into a long claw, flat,
smooth, with a midrib and lateral veins; two lower or
anterior petals similar, but much smaller or almost wanting,
pointing forward. Fertile stamens five, anticous, filaments
slender, decurved and then ascending, shortly united at
the base; anthers small, oblong; barren stamens united
into a dorsal strap-shaped, erect body, five-cleft at the tip,
the segments curled at the top. Ovary small, cylindric, —
two-celled, on a slender peduncle, very caducous.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Diagram of the floral organs; 2, flower with the two dorsal petals
removed; 3, transverse section of ovary :—all enlarged:

Vincent Brooks Day & Son Imp

AB. del JN Fitch Lath

LReeve & C° London.

TAB. 6579.
IRIS MISSOURIENSIS.

Native of California and the Rocky Mountains.

Nat. Ord. Intpacrex.—Tribe InipEex.

- Genus Inis, Linn. ; (Baker in Journ. Linn, Soc. vol. xvi. p. 136.)

Iris (Apogon) missouriensis ; foliis linearibus rigidulis subpedalibus, caulibu .
2-3-floris fistulosis sursum angulosis, spathe valvis magnis lanceolatis apice
membranaceis, pedicellis spathz valvis seepissime brevioribus, ovario cylindrico-
trigono, perianthii tubo brevi infundibulari, segmentis exterioribus oblongis
unguiculatis reflexis 2-23 poll. longis pallidis lilacino-striatis luteo-carinatis,
segmentis interioribus erectis lilacinis oblanceolato-unguiculatis exterioribus
vix brevioribus, styli cristis subquadratis inciso-dentatis, antheris filamentis
zxquilongis, capsulis oblongo-trigonis apice et basi cuneatis.

I. missouriensis, Nuttall in Journ. Acad. Philad. vol. vii. p. 58; S. Wats. in
Bot. Calif. vol. ii. p. 140.

1. Tolmieana, Herbert in Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 395; 8. Wats. in Bot.
King. Expedit. 342; Baker in Gard. Chron. 1876, p. 226; Journ. Linn.
Soe. vol. xvi. p. 138.

This appears to be the commonest Iris of the Rocky
Mountains. I place the plant we have long known in
England as Jolmieana as a synonym of Nuttall’s doubtful
missouriensis, on the authority of Dr. Sereno Watson, who,
in the recently-published ‘‘ Botany of California,” states its
distribution as follows :—‘‘ On the eastern side of the
Sierra Nevada from Inyo to Siskiyou county and the
Columbia, common in the mountains of the interior east-
ward to Colorado and Montana, and south to Arizona ;
apparently the only species of the Great Basin.” Whether
it be more than a montane variety of the Californian [ris
longipetala of Herbert (Bot. Mag., Tab. 5298), which is a
very much finer plant from a cultural point of view, I
greatly doubt. Although long known, it has never been
previously figured. Our drawing was made from a plant
sent at the end of May from Mr. F. Horsman, of the New
Plant and Bulb Company, Colchester.

SEPTEMBER Ist, 1881.

Duscr. Rhizome short, creeping, with fleshy root-fibres.
Produced leaves about four to a tuft, linear, not more than
a foot long, firm in texture, a quarter or a third of an inch
broad, narrowed gradually to the point. Stem overtopping
the leaves, bearing a single terminal cluster of two or three -
flowers, fistular, subterete in the lower part, angled towards
the top. Spathe-valves lanceolate, two or three inches long,
membranous towards the tip. Peduncles nearly always
shorter than the spathe-valves. Ovary cylindrico-trigonous,
three-quarters of an inch or more long at the flowering
time. Perianth-tube infundibuliform, not more than a
quarter or a third of an inch long; outer segments of the
limb oblong-unguiculate, reflexine, two or two and a half
inches long, veined with lilac-purple on a pale groundwork,

and faintly keeled with yellow towards the base of the
- limb; inner segments nearly as long as the outer, erect,
oblanceolate, with a long claw, emarginate, plain lilac-
purple. Stigmas an inch long, exclusive of the reflexing
Subquadrate strongly-toothed crests. Anthers as long as
the filaments. Capsule oblong-trigonous, an inch or an

inch and a half long, cuneate at the base and apex.—J. G.
Baker.

Fig. 1, Flower, with the segments of the perianth taken away,—zatural size ;
2, stamens; 3, horizontal section of ovary :—both enlarged.

imp

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Tas. 6580.

ALOE macracantaa.

Native of the Cape Colony.

Nat. Ord. Lit1acem.—Tribe ALoInER.

Genus Aton, Linn. ; (Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xviii. p. 148.)

ALOE macracantha; candice elongato simplici, foliis 20-30 dense rosulatis lanceo-
latis pedalibus et ultra 3-4 poll. latis viridibus lineis et maculis albidis
confluentibus copiosis decoratis margine aculeis magnis patulis corneis deltoideo-
cuspidatis preeditis, pedunculo simplici vel furcato, floribus dense corymbosis,
pedicellis erecto-patentibus 1-14 poll. longis, bracteis lanceolatis pedicello
brevioribus, perianthii splendide luteo-rubri tubo supra basin constricto,
segmentis tubo duplo brevioribus, genitalibus perianthio zquilongis.

A. macracantha, Baker in Journ. Linn, Soe. vol. xviii. p. 167.

This is unmistakably the finest of all the spotted
Aloes. Its alliance is with A. Saponaria and A. latifolia,
from which it is marked at a glance by its longer caudex,
broader leaves, and larger flowers. It is one of the most
interesting of the many novelties in succulent plants, dis-
covered by Mr. Thomas Cooper, of Reigate, in his travels
through the eastern provinces of Cape Colony, from 1858
to 1862, on behalf of Mr. Wilson Saunders and the Royal
Horticultural Society. We have had it growing at Kew to
my knowledge since 1870, and it is now widely spread in
collections; but so far as I am aware, it has never flowered
in cultivation till now. Our drawing was made from a
plant that flowered in the Cactus-house at Kew in March
of this present year.

Descr. Caudex simple, reaching a length of two or three
feet, and a diameter of two or three inches. Leaves twenty
to thirty in a dense rosette, lanceolate, twelve or fifteen
inches long, three or four inches broad below the middle,
narrowed gradually from the middle to the tip, one-sixth of
an inch thick in the centre, nearly flat on the face, bright

SEPTEMBER lst, 1881.

green, with copious lines and oblong confluent whitish
blotches, much paler on the convex back, furnished on the
margin with large deltoid-cuspidate spreading prickles
which are brown and horny in the upper half. Pedunele
flattened, purplish, glaucous, simple or forked, above a foot
long. Inflorescence a dense corymb about four inches in
diameter ; pedicels erecto-patent, an inch or an inch anda
half long; bracts lanceolate, shorter than the pedicels.
Perianth bright yellow, with a tinge of red, nearly two
inches long; tube distinctly constricted above the globose
base; segments oblong-lanceolate, half as long as the tube.
Stamens and style just reaching to the tip of the perianth-
segments ; pollen bright red.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, Whole plant,—muech reduced; 2, front and back view of anthers,—
magnified ; 3, pistil,—natural size.

6587.

Vincent Brooks Day & Son Imp

TN Fitch Lith

MS. del.

i

TReeve & O° T ondon

Tas. 6581.
PINANGA PATULA.

Native of Sumatra.

*

Nat. Ord. Patmem.—Tribe ARECINER.

Genus Pinanoa, Blume ; (Rumphia, vol, ii. p. 76.)

Pinanea patula ; candice humili, foliis inequaliter pinnatisectis, pinnis 8-18-jugis
erecto-patulis basi lata adnatis falcato-lanceolatis acuminatis 3-5-nervis termi-
nalibus truricato-dentatis, subtus rachi petioloque minute furfuraceis, rachi
dorso convexo antice carinato, petiolo breviusculo teretiusculo, vagina elongata
cylindracea longe fissa, spadicibus infra-foliaceis subpinnatim simpliciter v.
bis ramosis, ramis curvis crassiusculis compressis rigidis, spatha completa

oblonga acuta furfuracea, floribus 3-nis, glomerulis ad margines ramorum
spadicis 2-seriatis, in singulo glomerulo 1 foemineo 2 masculis, fl. 2 perianthio
post anthesin vix aucto, drupis parvis ellipsoideis obtusis scrobiculis spadicis
insertis. :

P. patula, Blume in Rumphia, vol. ii. p. 87, t. 115.

Prycnosrerma patula, Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. vol. iii. p. 26.

SrarorTuta patula, Mart. Hist. Palm. vol. iii. p. 313.

A beautiful dwarf Palm, a native of the mountains of the
Island of Sumatra, belonging to a very distinct genus that
extends from the Eastern Himalaya to Borneo, and consists
generally of species of small stature and very elegant habit,
well suited for stove culture. P. patula is closely allied to
P. furfuracea of the Celebes, which is, however, a much
more scurfy plant, with the leaflets toothed towards the
top on the lower edge.

P. patula was received at Kew from the Dutch Gardens
many years ago, and has flowered and fruited annually in
the Palm-house for some time.

Descr. Stem solitary, four to six feet high, slender, one
to two inches in diameter, green, smooth, ringed, swollen
at the base. Leaves four to five feet long, oblong in outline,
unequally pinnate, faintly furfuraceous below and on the
rachis and petiole ; segments eight to eighteen pairs, erecto-

-

SEPTEMBER lst, 1881.

patent, falcately lanceolate from a broad adnate base,
acuminate, sometimes connate in pairs and bifid at the tip,
three to five-nerved, the terminal connate and toothed at the
tip; rachis rounded at the back, keeled in front between the
oblique bases of the leaflets ; petiole about half the length of
the leaf-blades, rounded in the middle; sheath six inches long,
cylindrical, smooth, split down the front, green. Spadixes
several from the rings on the stem below the leaves, very
shortly peduncled, nearly a foot long, bifariously branched,
the branches stout, curving horizontally, spreading, ver-
tically compressed. Spathe solitary, membranous, com-
pressed, furfuraceous. Flowers in two densely packed
series on the upper side of the branches of the spadix, to
the margins of which they are attached in clusters of three,
two being males placed behind a minute female; as the
spadix lengthens, the male flowers fall away, the branches
thicken, become flattened and yellow in age, bearing the
drupes horizontally along the edges, the base of each sunk
In a cup-shaped depression. Drupe two-thirds of an inch
long, ellipsoid, orange-red.—J. D. H.

Fig. A, Reduced figure of whole palm ; B, young branch of spadix with young
fruit ; C, old ditto with ripe fruit :—both of the natural size. 1, Section of spadix
and ovary ; 2, seed ; 3, vertical section of ditto; 4, embryo :—all enlarged.

6582

M.S. del. JN Fitch Lith. Vincent Brooks Day & Son inp

LReeve & C2 London

Tas. 6582.
PRIMULA POCULIFORMIS.

Native of Central China.

Nat. Ord. PrrmuLacex.—Tribe PrimvuLEx.
Genus Primuta, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 631.)

Primvta poculiformis ; molliter pubescens vy. puberula, foliis gracile petiolatis late
oblongo- v. subrotundato-cordatis apice rotundatis lobulato-dentatis subinte-
grisve membranaceis nervis impressis reticulatis, sinu basi angusta v. lata, scapis
gracilibus folia superantibus, floribus umbellatis, bracteis paucis linearibus
patentibus inzqualibus, pedicellis gracilibus inequalibus patulis, calyce poculi-
formi late infundibulari-campanulato breviter obtuse 5-dentato obscure 5-gono
puberulo, corolle tubo gracili calyce longe excedente, limbo plano 5-fido pallide
purpureo fauce nuda, segmentis obcordatis, lobis rotundatis, ovario globoso.

I find no description of this elegant primrose, which
with the habit and foliage of P. cortusioides (Tab. 399 and
5528) has the calyx of the Himalayan P. filipes, Watt
MSS., and is one of many instances of China containing
species of plants intermediate in character, as in position,
between those of Northern India and Japan. It was dis-
covered by Mr. Maries when travelling for Messrs. Veitch
in the interior of China, at the Ichang gorge, and flowered
at Chelsea in September of last year. . filipes, on the
other hand, is a native of rocks at Chuka in Bhotan, at an
elevation of 6500 feet, where it was discovered by Griffith,
who figured it in his ‘“ Icones Plantarum Asiaticarum,”
t. 485 (Posthumous Papers, vol. ii. p. 123, n. 396, and
Notulz, part iv. p. 299), but without a name; it is very
nearly allied indeed to P. poculiformis in both habit and
form of leaves, calyx and corolla, but is very much smaller
in all its parts, with filiform petioles and scapes, and more
rounded leaves.

P. poculiformis (so named in reference to the form of
the calyx) is probably a very variable plant. The earliest
flowering specimens sent by Mr. Veitch were less hairy,

SEPTEMBER lst, 1881.

and had rounder and nearly entire leaves, and very much
smaller flowers than that here figured. It is an autumn-
flowering species, and as it is no doubt hardy, it is sure to
be a favourite.

Desor. Softly hairy or nearly glabrous. Leaves many
from the root, petioled, broadly ovate-oblong, cordate or
rounded-cordate, membranous, margins lobulately-toothed
or nearly entire, surface much raised between the deeply
sunk reticulated nerves; petiole two to four inches long.
Scapes several from the rootstock, exceeding the leaves.
Flowers drooping, umbellate; bracts small, few, spreading,
linear or subulate, very unequal; pedicels very unequal in
length, a quarter to one inch long, pubescent. Caly« small,
between campanulate and funnel-shaped, obseurely five-
angled, pubescent, mouth very shortly five-toothed, teeth
very much broader than long, acute. Corolla-tube cylindric,
twice as long as the calyx or more; limb quite flat, one
inch in diameter, pale lilac or purplish, throat with a very
obscure thickening at the mouth, segment obcordate with
rounded lobes. Ovary globose.-—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Calyx ; 2, ovary :—both enlarged.

6588,

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Tas. 6588.
DROSERA capensis.

Native of the Oape of Good Hope.

Nat. Ord. DgosERacez.
Genus Drosgra, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pi, vol. i. p. 662.)

Drosera (Rossolis) capensis ; caule brevi lignescente simplici apice folioso, foliis
rosulatis longe petiolatis loriformibus obtusis longe setoso-glandulosis, stipulis
connatis membranaceis, scapo elato pilosulo, racemo elongato multifloro ante
anthesin deflexo, floribus breviter pedicellatis amplis roseis, sepalis oblongis
obtusis glandulosis, petalis orbiculari-obovatis apice rotundatis, antheris trian-
gulari-ovatis connectivo incrassato, ovario ellipsoideo 3-sulcato glaberrimo,
stylis 3 sessilibus ad basin 2-fidis segmentis filiformibus patenti-incurvis,
stigmatibus capitellatis, placentis 3.

D. capensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. p- 403; Burm. Pl. Afr. t. 75, f.1; Berg. Fl. Cap.
p. 81; Thunb. Diss. p.6, Flor, Capens. p. 620; DC. Prodr. vol. i. p. 318;
Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, vol. ix. p. 196; Harv. et Sond. Fl. Cap.
ba i. p. 77; Belgique Hortic. 1880, t.16; Gard. Chron. N.S., vol. iv. p- 105,

. 20 B.

The genus Drosera, though so widely spread over the
cold and hot regions of the globe, does not abound in
Species in any one country, except Australia, which contains
about half the known species, forty-one being described in
the “ Flora Australiensis.” Next to this country the Cape
of Good Hope with eight is perhaps the richest for its
area. Unlike the European Droseras, many of those of the
Cape and Australia inhabit places which are wet only
during the rainy season, and are burnt up during the dry,
which renders these species difficult of cultivation under
artificial conditions. Of these again some have hyber-
nating roots, needing no water during the season of rest,
whilst others have woody stems or rhizomes, with minute
fibrillous roots that penetrate far for water, and supply the
little that is needed for the life of the winter bud.

D. capensis is apparently one of the latter class, and its
woody short stock or stem resembles that of Prosophyllum

OCTOBER Ist, 1881.

(Tab. 5796), which grows in places that are wet in spring
and winter, but very dry in summer.

Some of the noblest forms of Dorseracew are found at
the Cape, but have never been introduced ; such are Drosera
pauciflora and cistiflora, with petals sometimes an inch
long, with a dark spot at the base, and the two species of
the genus Roridula, which are shrubs, and of which one 1s
used as a “ Fly-catcher” by the Boers in their rooms. _

D. capensis was introduced by Messrs. Veitch; it
flowered in a cool greenhouse in the Royal Gardens im
July. Native specimens attain eighteen inches in height,
with several scapes, and leaves six to ten inches long.

Descr. Stem one or two inches high, erect, simple,
clothed with remains of leaf-bases and stipules. Leaves
crowded at the top of the stem, four to eight inches long,
spreading ; blade as long as the petiole, one-fourth of an
inch wide, strap-shaped, obtuse, clothed with long red
gland-tipped hairs; petiole stout, hairy. Scape stout, much
longer than the leaves, hairy and slightly glandular. Raceme
three to six inches long, many-flowered, sharply decurved —
before flowering, ascending as the flowers open. lowers
opening one at a time, an inch in diameter, pale rose-red 5
pedicels short. Sepals elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Petals
orbicular-obovate. Anthers with a broad connective and
the cells spreading below. Ovary oblong, three-grooved, —
with three placentas; stigmas three, divided to the base
into two spreading and then ascending filiform divisions,
each with a capitate stigma.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Portion of leaf; 2, glandular ovule; 3, stamens; 4, ovary ; 5, transverse
section of ditto :—all enlarged. ;

& C° London

we
Kheeve

L

Tas. 6584.
NUNNEZHARIA TENELLA.

Native of Mexico.

Nat. Ord. Patmem.—Tribe ARECINEX.

Genus Nunnezuaria, Ruiz et Pav.; (Prodr. 147, p. 31.)

Nunnezuanta tenella; pygmea, dioica, caudice gracile stricto erecto, foliis obovato-
oblongis apice 2-fidis lobis acutis convexis marginibus recurvis obscure crenato-
serratis, nervis utrinque 8-10 profunde impressis, een brevi, vagina pollicari,
spadicibus simplicibus gracilibus elongatis pendulis, feemineis gracilioribus
laxius floriferis, spatha basilari pedunculo gracili multo breviore ceteris brevibus
lanceolatis, floribus masculis oblongo obovoideis in spicam elongatam dispositis, |
sepalis brevissimis multo longioribus quam latis, petalis obovatis basi connatis
apicibus coherentibus marginibus supra basin remotis, staminibus 6 basi
petalorum insertis, filamentis subulatis, antheris oblongis, ovarii rudimento
columnari, floribus feemineis globosis calyce maris, petalis orbiculatis concavis
late imbricatis, staminodiis minutis, ovario globoso 3-loculari, stigmatibus
brevissimis, baccis pisiformibus glaberrimis luride viridibus.

Cuamxporea tenella, Wendl. in Gartenflora, 1880, p. 102.

This is perhaps the smallest known Palm. Our male

‘specimen is exactly nine inches high; and the female seven,

yet it ripened its fruit well. It belongs to a section of
the genus with the sexes on different plants, but of all
the subgenera or tribes, described as genera by Cirsted,
I cannot refer it to any. :

I regret having to give the clumsy name of Nunnezharva
the preference over the well-known and more euphonious

‘one of Chamedorea, but as it has the priority by nearly

thirty years, and the genus is extremely well described

under that name by the learned author of the Flora of
Peru and Chili, no other course is open to me; Willdenow
indeed reduced it for euphony’s sake to Nunnezia, but no
author has followed him. Nunnezharia tenella was intro-
duced from Mexico into the Botanic Garden of Zurich by
M. Ortegris, and from thence into the Royal Botanic Gardens
of Herrenhausen, in Hanover, by Dr. Wendland, to whom
the Royal Gardens of Kew are indebted for the specimens

OCTOBER Ist, 1881].

here figured, which were received in 1879, and flowered in
April of the present year,

Descr. A diminutive Palm, a span high, erect, stout for
its size, dark green, glabrous. Caudex rooting from the
lower nodes, as thick as a goose-quill, clothed above with —
the leaf sheathes. Leaves shortly petioled, four to five
inches long by three broad, spreading, convex, obovate-
oblong, remotely obtusely serrate, bifid for one-third of
their length, the segments and sinus acute, base rounded ;
nerves eight or nine pair, straight, deeply impressed ;
petiole one-fourth to one-half an inch long, grooved above ;
sheath about an inch long, cylindric, smooth, mouth with
a brown membranous border. Sypadixes as long as the
palm, drooping, slender, unbranched; males longest, with
most numerous and much the largest flowers; rachis
slender but stouter than the peduncle, yellowish; peduncle
very slender; spathes membranous, linear-lanceolate, the
lowest not half the length of the peduncle. Flowers spiked,
ebracteate and ebracteolate, yellow ; male one-twelfth of an
inch long. Calyw a very shallow three-lobed membranous
cup. Petals thinly fleshy, obovate-oblon g, obtuse, cohering by
their tips, connate at the base, the margins not juxtaposed —
above the base, but leaving a space between the contiguous
pairs. Stamens attached to the base of the petals, filaments
subulate; anthers oblong. Rudimentary ovary columnar.
Female flowers minute, fewer on the spadix and more
scattered than the males, globose. Calyx as in the male.
Petals. orbicular, imbricate, and closely embracing the
globose ovary. Staminodes minute. Ovary three-celled ;
stigmas minute, recurved; ovules attached below the
middle of the septum. Berry globose, one-third of an inch
in diameter, almost black-green, smooth, shining, one-
seeded. Seed erect, globose.—J. D. H.

_ Fig. A, reduced figure of male plant; B, leaf and male spadix of the natural
size; C, female spadix of the natural size. 1, male flower ; 2, two petals of same
and four stamens; 3, stamen; 4, female flower ; 5, vertical, and 6, transverse
section of ovary ; 7, vertical section of fruit :—adl enlarged,

6585.

M.38.del, IN Fitch lath

Vincent Brooks Day & Son Imp

L Reeve & C°. London

Tas. 6585.
BABIANA socorrana.

Native of the Island of Socotra.

Nat. Ord. Intpex.
Genus Baprana, Ker.; (Baker in Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond. vol. xvi. p. 164.)

BaBrana socotrana; parvula, acaulis, glaberrima, bulbi tunica reticulatim fibrosa,
foliis anguste lanceolatis sensim acuminatis rigidulis plicatis et striato-nervosis,
floribus solitariis parvis inter folia sessilibus, spathe valvis linearibus, peri-
anthii tubo elongato gracillimo, limbo bilabiato ringente pallide violaceo,
segmentis elliptico-lanceolatis acutis. ;

This is one of the most remarkable discoveries of Dr. I. B.
Balfour’s exploration of the Island of Socotra in 1879-80;
the genus Babiana being previously known as South African
only, though extending from the Cape itself as far north
as the Transvaal.

Hence in respect of the distribution of Cape types of
vegetation, the occurrence of a Babiana to the north of
the Equator, and especially so far east as the Arabian Sea,
is a very interesting fact; for it is another instance of that
botanical affinity of Socotra with the Cape which J have
alluded to under Begonia socotrana (Tab. 6555). Singu-
larly enough, no species of the genus occurs in Angola, or
any of the collections from the Lake regions of Central
Africa, where, however, it may be expected to occur when
these are better botanically explored.

I can find no generic difference at all between B. socotrana
and the South African Babianas ; it is, however, much the
smallest known species of the genus, and is one of the few
that is perfectly glabrous. Its nearest affinity is with BP.
plicata (Tab. 576).

The Royal Gardens are indebted to Dr. Balfour for bulbs
of this plant, which flowered in September, 1880, in the
bulb-pit.

OCTOBER Ist, 188]

Desor. Perfectly glabrous, stemless, three to four inches
high. Bulbs one-half to three-quarters of an inch in diameter,
subglobose, suddenly narrowed into a neck half an inch long,
clothed with firmly reticulated brown fibres. Leaves bifa-
rious, three to four inches long by three-quarters of an inch
broad, narrowly lanceolate, gradually acuminate from beyond
the middle, rigid, plaited, and with many strong nerves;
petiole oblique, broad, compressed. lowers solitary, almost
sessile, the ovary being sunk amongst the uppermost leaves.
Spathes linear. Perianth-tube an inch and a quarter long,
very slender ; limb nearly one inch broad, pale violet-blue,
distinctly two-lipped ; segments elliptic, acute, nearly equal.
Stigmas not much protruded, deep violet-blue.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Reticulate fibres of the bulbs; 2, petiole of leaf, spathe, and perianth-tube;
3, transverse section of ovary :—all enlarged.

686,

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Tas. 6586,
ARISTOLOCHIA axtissima.

Native of Sicily and Algeria.

Nat. Ord. ArIsToLOcHIEZ.
Genus Aristotocuia, Linn. ; (Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. iii. p. 123.)

ArtstoLocHiA (Diplolobus). altissima ; herba v. suffrutex volubilis, gracilis, gla-
berrima, caule basi fruticoso 6-gono, foliis petiolatis persistentibus rigidulis
nitidis ovato-cordatis 5-7-nerviis undulatis acutis v. obtusis sinu lato v. angusto,

‘lobis rotundatis, nervis reticulatis, floribus axillaribus solitariis longe gracile
pedunculatis folia non excedentibus, ovario clavato 6-gono, perianthii utriculo
parvo globoso, tubo elongato curvo e basi sensim ampliato, limbi ore valde
obliquo ovato-lanceolato subacuto tubo breviore, marginibus inferne recurvis.

A. altissima, Desf. Fl. Atlant. vol. ii. p. 324, t. 249; Guss. Synops. Fl. Sicule,
vol. ii. pars i. p. 559; Bertol. Fl. Ital. vol. ix. p. 641; Duchartre in DC.
Prodr. vol. xv. pars i. p. 489; Boiss. Flor. Orient. vol. iv. p. 1075.

This is a hardy climber, well worthy of cultivation on
account of its bright-green glossy foliage and very elegant
habit. It has a pretty wide geographical range from
Algeria, Sicily, and the kingdom of Naples to Greece,
Cyprus, the Lebanon and Antilebanon.

The flowering time of this plant seems very capricious.
In De Candolle’s Prodromus it is said to flower in Algeria
in December, and in May and June or throughout the year
in Sicily ; at Kew and in Paris it blossoms in June, July,
and August, and I have seen flowering specimens from
Algeria which are dated May. It would thus appear to
have in the Mediterranean region a flowering season of at
least eight months.

Aristolochia altissima has been long cultivated at Kew,
though it does not appear in Aiton’s “ Hortus Kewensis.”
It has stood against an East wall throughout the last two
severe winters, though cut to the ground, where its roots
were protected by a little cocoa-nut refuse. It flowers

profusely.

OCTCBER lst, 1881.

Descr. A glabrous slender twiner, growing eight feet
high, copiously leafy. Stem woody below, branches six-
angled. Leaves petioled, two to three inches long, ovate-
cordate, obtuse or acute, waved, thinly rigid, bright glossy
green, basal lobes rounded, sinus broad or narrow, nerves
five to seven strong beneath, both surfaces finely reticu-
lated; petiole one-half to three-quarters of an inch long.
Flowers on slender pedicels, about half as long as the
leaves. Ovary club-shaped, pubescent, six-ribbed. Perianth
about one and a half inch long, curved almost in a semi-
circle, pale yellow-brown, striped with dark red-brown;
utricular base of the perianth globose, tube gradually
enlarged from the base to the elongate ovate oblique limb,
which is obtuse and yellow within, margins recurved
Crown of stigma very short, of six small broadly ovate

aes beneath which is the ring of small sessile anthers.—
oe #,

Fig. 1, Vertical section of flower ;-2, ovary; 3, transverse section of ditto :—all
enlarged.

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Tas. 6587.
VERONICA CARNOSULA.

Native of New Zealand.

Nat. Ord. ScRoPHULARINER.— Tribe DIGITALEZX.
Genus Veronica, Linn.; (Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 964.)

Veronica (Decussate) carnosula; fruticulus fere glaberrimus, robustus, ramosus,
- albo-glaucescens, erectus v. decumbens, ramis oppositis erectis inferioribus
erebre cicatricatis, ramulis glabris v. puberulis, foliis imbricatis sessilibus
erecto-patentibus ellipticis concavis crasse carnosis integerrimis enerviis subtus
ecarinatis, spicis confertis axillaribus et subterminalibus pedunculatis brevibus
subglobosis densifloris glabris v. puberulis, floribus sessilibus, bracteis coriaceis
sepalisque oblongis obtusis puberulis, corolla alba lobis lateralibus et antico
rotundatis, dorsali oblongo, capsula acuta glabra.

V. carnosula, Hook. f. Handbook of New Zealand Flora, p. 210.
V. levis, var. 8 carnosula, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zeald. vol. i. p. 194.

The distinguishing characters of the shrubby Speedwells
of New Zealand are very difficult to define when examined
in a living state, and impossible in the dry. Indeed, I
think it probable that future investigators may find
material that will unite several of them, and amongst these
V. carnosula with V. pinguifolia (Tab. 6147). As grown
at Kew, these two are distinguished at once by the glaucous
almost white colour of V. carnosula, in contrast with the
deep green of pinguifolia, but in the Herbarium their best
diagnostic character is the acute glabrous ovate capsule of
the latter, as compared with the obovate oblong rounded
or emarginate one of the latter. Both approach closely
to V. levis, Benth., and buzifolia, Benth., which have
keeled leaves, like those of another very closely-allied
plant, V. Traversii (Tab. 6390); and all are referable to
the type of the New Zealand V. elliptica, Forst., discovered
during Cook’s second voyage, and which inhabits also
Fuegia (specimens from whence are described as V. decussata
by Aiton in the “‘ Hortus Kewensis”’). Baron Mueller has

OCTOBER 1st, 1881.

indeed, as stated under V. Traversii, united most of these
and others with V. elliptica, under the common name of
V. Forsteri.

V. carnosula is a native of the Middle Island of New
Zealand; it was discovered by the late Mr. Bidwill
in the mountains of the Nelson province, where it ranges
from 2200 to 5000 feet, flowering in January. It was, I.
believe, first raised in Britain by the veteran horticulturist,
Mr. I. A. Henry, of Hay Lodge, Trinity, Edinburgh, and
is now not uncommon in gardens under the name of V.
pinguifolia. It is not quite hardy at Kew, but very nearly
so, and flowers in the open border in July and August.

Duscr. A small robust much-branched erect or decum-
bent whitish shrub, glabrous or nearly so ; branches scarred
by the fall of the old leaves. Leaves spreading and imbri-
cate, one-fourth to one-half of an inch long, sessile, elliptic
or obovate, obtuse, quite entire, concave, very thickly
leathery, without midrib or nerves on either surface.
Spikes subglobose, axillary, peduncled, three-fourths of an
inch in diameter; peduncle stout, longer or shorter than
the leaves. Flowers white, sessile, one-third of an inch in
diameter ; bracts coriaceous, oblong, about as long as the :
oblong calyx segments; both puberulous. Corolla-tube
very short; lobes spreading, two lateral and anticous
rounded obtuse, posticous oblong rounded at the tip.
Anthers reddish-yellow. Capsule (in dried specimen) ovoid,
acute, glabrous.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, bract, calyx, and style; 2, flower; 3, stamens; 4, ovary ; 5, narrower
section of ditto :—all enlarge

.

6588.

AB del JN Rtch ith

Vincent Brooks Day & Son Imp

L, Reeve & C° London.

Tas, 6588.
CAMPANULA ALLIONII,

Native of the Alps of Piedmont and Savoy.

Nat. Ord. CAMPANULACERZ.—Tribe CAMPANULER.
Genus Campanuta, Linn.; (Benth, et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 561.)

CaMPANULA (Medium) Allionzi ; humilis, pilosiuscula, rhizomate elongato ramulos
foliosos breves emittente, caulibus simplicibus 1-floris basi foliosis, foliis rosulatis
linearibus obtusis v. subacutis fere integerrimis primariis obovato-spathulatis,
caulinis paucis linearibus basi lata sessilibus, flore magno nutante, lobis calycinis
ovato- v. lineari-lanceolatis acutis, sinubus appendicibus pilosis reflexis obtusis,
corolla campanulata ampla, ovario 3-loculari.

C. Allionii, Villars Fl, Delph. p. 18,‘Fl. Dauph. vol. i. pp. 302, 383, et vol. ii.
p. 512, t. 10; Lam.et DC. Fl. France. n. 2851; Alph. DC. Prodr. vol. vii.
p- 461; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vol. xix. t. 1591.

C. alpestris, Allioni Fl. Pedem. p. 113, t. 6, f. 3, non Lapeyr.
C. nana, Lamk. Dict. vol. i. p. 585.

The habit of this local and very beautiful campanula is
peculiar, the stem proper consisting of an underground
branching rhizome, which gives off numerous rather distant
leafing and flowering stems a few inches high, each bearing
a flower, which is the largest for the size of the plant of
any species of the genus. This habit adapts it well for its
chosen habitats, which are the moving slopes of soil at the
bases of precipices. Its range in the Alps is confined to
those of Piedmont and Savoy, two of its principal stations
being Mont Cenis and Mont Ventoux,

C. Allionit was introduced by G. Maw, Esq., who sent
me the specimen here figured in June, 1879, from his rich
garden at Brosely in Shropshire.

Descr. Rootstock subterranean, slender, creeping, sending
out rather distant leafing and flowering stems three to five
inches high. Leaves few, lower crowded or rosulate, one
to two inches long, linear from a broad sessile base, slightly

OCTOBER lst, 1881,

hairy or hispid, obtuse or subacute, quite entire, midrib —
distinct; there are often below the ordinary leaves a few
oboyate spathulate ones, which are the first formed on the
shoots; cauline leaves one or two, like the lower but more
erect. Flowering-stem rather stout, hispid or glabrescent.
Flower inclined or nodding, nearly an inch and a half long,
and as broad across the mouth. Calyzx-lobes ovate- or
linear-lanceolate, acute, spreading and recurved, green,
hispid, half as long as the corolla; sinuses with a reflexed
broadly ovate hispid appendage. Corolla bright violet-blue,
mouth open, tube hardly angled; lobes triangular ovate,
recurved, about one-third the length of the tube, slightly
bearded at the tips. Stamens with a very short two-lobed
pubescent filament, which is broader than long; anther
slender. Ovary three-celled; style short, slender, stigmas
linear revolute.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Vertical section of flower, of the natural size; 2, stamens ; 3, ovary, style,
and stigma; 4, stigmas; 5, transverse section of ovary :—all enlarged.

65829.

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L. Reeve

Tas. 6589.
AGAVE Hookert.

Native of Mexico.

Nat. Ord. AMARYLLIDACEH.—Tribe AGAVE.

Genus AcaveE, Linn. ; (Kunth Enum. vol. v. p. 818.)

AGave (Euagave) Hookeri ; acaulis, foliis 30-40 dense rosulatis lanceolatis coriaceo-
carnosis 4—5-pedalibus viridibus (junioribus solum leviter glauco tinctis) e
medio 6-8 poll. lato ad spinam validam terminalem secus margines breviter
decurrentem sensim angustatis, aculeis marginalibus corneis brunneis deltoideo-
cuspidatis modice validis, pedunculo crasso 30-pedali, floribus in paniculam
rhomboideam ramis dense corymbosis dispositis, pedicellis semipollicaribus,
bracteolis scariosis lanceolatis, ovario cylindrico-trigono sesquipollicari, perianthii

- tubo brevissimo, segmentis lanceolatis luteis ovario equilongis, filamentis limbo
duplo longioribus, antheris magnis linearibus, stylo demum staminibus
zequilongo.

“A. Hookeri, Jacobi in Hamburg Gartenzeit. vol. xxii. p. 168; Monogr. p. 219;
Baker in Gard. Chron. 1877, vol. ii. p. 718.

A. Fenzliana, Jacobi in Hamburg Gartenzeit. vol. xxii. p. 170.
A. inequidens, K. Koch in Wochenschrift, 1860, p. 28?

This is one of the giant Agaves of the Americana group,
which flowered for the first time, so far as botanical records
extend, at Kew last year, and our drawing is made from a
specimen which, for the six winter months, was one of the
principal attractions of the Palm House. When the veteran
monographer of the genus Agave, Lieutenant-General von
Jacobi, visited Kew about the year 1865, he found in our
collection three new species, which he named Hookeri,
Thomsoniana, and Smithiana. The original type of Hookeri,
from which his diagnosis and description, which were
published in the “ Hamburg Gartenzeitung ” in 1866, were
drawn up, we still possess, but it has never flowered. ‘he
present specimen belonged to Mr. Wilson Saunders, and
differs a little from the type by its smaller and more distant

prickles. I feel satisfied that Jacobi’s Agave Fenzliana is
the same species, and think they will most likely both prove

NOVEMBER lst, 1881.

to be conspecific with the A. inequidens of Dr. Karl Koch,
described from flowerless specimens in the Berlin Botanic
— Garden in 1860.

Dusor. Acaulescent. Leaves thirty or forty in a rosette,
lanceolate, firm in texture for the genus, four or five feet
long, six to nine inches broad at the middle, green with
only a slight glaucous tinge in a young stage, narrowed
gradually to a pungent brown end-spine above an inch long,
which is decurrent along the edges as a narrow entire
brown horny line, for four or six inches, a quarter of an
inch thick in the middle, three or four inches thick at the
base, the marginal prickles deltoid-cuspidate, dark brown,
an eighth or a six of an inch long. Inflorescence thirty feet
long, the peduncle four or five inches thick at the base,
furnished with numerous lanceolate squarrose bract-leaves.
Panicle rhomboid, four or five feet long by a couple of feet
in diameter; flowers arranged in dense corymbs at the end
of the spreading or ascending branches; pedicels reaching
half an inch in length; bracteoles lanceolate, scariose.
Ovary cylindrical-trigonous, green, an inch and a half long ;
perianth-tube very short; segments lanceolate, pale yellow,
as long as the ovary. Filaments twice as long as the
perianth-segments; anthers linear, under an inch long.

Style not developed till after the anthers, finally as long as
the filaments.—J. G. Baker.

Fig. 1, Flower, natural size; 2, anther, enlarged ; 3, vertical section of developed
ovary, natural size.

6590.

AD. del IN Pitch Lith

Vincent Brooks Day & Son inp

LReeve & C° London.

Tas. 6590. -
CAMPANULA T'OMMASINIANA,

Native of Istria.

Nat. Ord. CampanuLace®.—Tribe CAMPANULER.
Genus Campanua, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 561.)

Campanuta (Eucodon) Tommasiniana ; glaberrima, caulibus e rhizomate confertis
erectis simplicibus gracillimis, foliis radicalibus nullis, caulinis patulis et
decurvis sessilibus v. breviter petiolatis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis grosse
serratis, floribus racemosis secundis gracile pedicellatis nutantibus, calycis tubo
obconico, limbi lobis brevibus subulatis integerrimis v. crenatis, corolla
campanulate tubo cylindraceo, lobis brevibus triangularibus v. oblongis obtusis
v. subacutis.

C. Tommasiniana, Reuter Cat. Hort. Genev. 1865, p. 4.
C. Waldsteiniana, var. Freyeri, Reichb. f. Ic. Flor. Germ. vol. xix. p- 117, t. 601.

Though long known under the name of Campanula
Waldsteiniana, this would seem to be a different plant from
the Croatian one published under that name. It was first
recognized as an undescribed species by Dr. Reuter, of
Geneva, who described it from specimens cultivated in the
Botanical Gardens of that city under the former name, and
who called it after the eminent botanist who seems to have
discovered it. Its native country is Monte Maggiore in
Istria, whence it was sent, under the name of Waldsteiniana,
to M. Boissier, by whom specimens were communicated
from his garden in Valeyres to M. J. Gay in 1856, and
which are preserved in the Kew Herbarium. The true €
Waldsteiniana appears to be a much smaller species, with
few flowers, obtuse lower leaves, and a shorter broader
corolla, cleft half-way down into narrower and more acute
lobes. I have seen no authentic specimens of it.

C. Tommasiniana is quite hardy; it has been cultivated
for some years at Kew in the open border, and flowers
profusely in the month of August.

Drscr. Quite glabrous. Stems numerous from a small

NOVEMBER Ist, 1881.

perennial rootstock, six to ten inches high, very slender,
strict or flexuous, subsimple. Radical leaves none; cauline
numerous, one to two inches long, narrowly lanceolate,
acuminate, sessile or narrowed into a short petiole, serrate.
Flowers numerous, racemose towards the tips of the stems,
secund, drooping, on slender pedicels, which are one-half
to two-thirds of an inch long. Calyx short, obconic,
without folds between the lobes, which are very slender,
subulate, spreading or recurved, and quite entire or sub-
crenate. Corolla one-half to three-fourths of an inch long,
cylindric-campanulate, pale blue; lobes short, triangular-
oblong, obtuse or subacute, slightly spreading. Stamens
with pubescent filaments dilated at the base; anthers linear.
Style slender ; stigma cylindric.—J. D. H.

-
Fig. 1, Flower cut open vertically; 2, front, and 3, back view of stamens;
4, stigma ; 5, transverse section of ovary ; 6, ovules :—all enlarged.

97.

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Tas. 6591,
DENDROBIUM. Treacuertanum.

Native of Borneo.

Nat. Ord. Orcuipex.—Tribe DEnDROBIER.

Genus Denprosium, Swartz ; (Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. p.74.)

Denpropium Treacherianum; rhizomate repente, pseudobulbis ovoideis curvis
obtuse 5-6-gonis faciebus concavis pallide viridibus rubro-tinctis, foliis 2-nis
oblongis v. lineari-oblongis obtusis v. apice emarginatis coriaceis luride
viridibus, scapo gracili paucifloro, vaginis membranaceis elongatis, floribus
erectis sesquipollicaribus, bracteis angustis membranaceis ovarium gracile
vaginantibus et zquantibus, sepalis porrectis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis

- pallide roseis lateralibus basi dilatatis in gibbum subhemisphericum purpureo-

/Striatum connatis, petalis sepalo dorsali consimilibus et zquantibus, labello

~ petalis breviore 3-lobo, lobis lateralibus angustis antice truncatis angulo obtuso,
intermedio elongato lineari-oblongo acuminato membranaceo, disco 5-7-carinato
carinis subcristatis, mento obtuso, columna elongata apice 3-fida.

D. Treacherianum, Reichb. f. MSS.

This remarkable form of Dendrobe belongs to the section
with creeping rhizomes and two-leaved pseudobulbs, which
imitate the Bolbophylla, and frequent the same forests in
the Malayan Peninsula and Islands. Its nearest ally is
the Bornean D. celogynoides, Rchb.f. It is a native of
Borneo, and was imported from thence by Messrs. Low,
of Clapton, and named in compliment to W. H. Treacher,
Esq., Colonial Secretary, Labuan. The specimen here
figured was communicated by Messrs. Low in July last.

Descr. Rhizome stout, creeping. Pseudobulbs numerous,
crowded, two to three inches long, ovoid, curved, five- or
six-angled, the angles prominent and rounded, the faces
very unequal, concave and smooth, dull brownish green,
with blood-red stains chiefly towards the tips and down
the angles. Leaves in pairs, three to four inches long by
one-half to three-quarters of an inch’ broad, linear-oblong,
coriaceous, stiff, tip rounded or notched, keeled at the back,
striate, dull dark green; sheaths at the base subcylindric.

NOVEMBER Ist, 1881.

Scape terminal on the pseudobulb, stiff, slender, . un-
branched, two- to three-flowered; sheaths cylindric,
elongate, red-brown, membranous, closely embracing the
scape. Bracts as long as the ovary, like the sheaths
membranous, deciduous. Peduncles curved, together with
the slender ovary nearly an inch long. Flower suberect,
upwards of one and a half inch long, pale rose-red, sepals
and petals all pointing forward or slightly recurved, mem-
branous. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, dorsal
straight ; lateral connate at the dilated bases into a rounded
gibbosity or obtuse spur striped with red, margins recurved.
Petals like the dorsal sepal and as long. Lip rather
shorter than the petals and darker red, three-lobed; lateral
lobes narrow, equalling the column, anterior angles
prominent, rounded ; mid-lobe linear-oblong, rather dilated
beyond the middle, then acuminate, three-ridged down the
middle, margins membranous. Column rather long, trifid
at the top, dorsal lobe as long as the anther-case.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Column and lip; 2, column; 3, pollen masses :—al/ enlarged.

6592,

AB del, JN-Fitch Lith Vincent Brooks Day & Son inp

L.Reeve & C° London.

Tas. 6592.
OLEARIA Haasttt.

Native of New Zealand.

Nat. Ord. Compostt#.—Tribe ASTEROIDER.
Genus OrEARta, Monch. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 276.)

OtEarta Haastii ; fruticosa v. arborea, robusta, foliosa, ramulis canis, foliis breviter
petiolatis crasse coriaceis ellipticis v. ovato- v. lineari-oblongis obtusis v. sub-
acutis integerrimis supra glabris luride viridibus, subtus appresse albo tomentosis,
nervis creberrime reticulatis utrinque obscuris, cymis numerosis laxis gracile
pedunculatis corymbiformibus polycephalis, capitulis breviter pedicellatis pauci-
floris, involucri cylindraceo-campanulati squamis duris canis oblongis obtusis,
ligulis 3-5 albis elliptico-oblongis obtusis, pappi setis inzquilongis albis,
acheniis angustis vix compressis subsericeis.

O. Haastii, Hook. f. Handbook of New Zealand Flora, pp. 127, 732; Masters in
Gard. Chron. 1872, p. 1195, ewm ic. zylog.

This is one of the very few New Zealand plants which
has proved hitherto to be perfectly hardy in the East of
England ; it was introduced in 1858 by the elder Veitch,
of Exeter, when I proposed for it the name of Hurybia
parvifolia ; but it was subsequently described from native
specimens by myself in 1864, under the name it now bears.
In New Zealand it forms a small bushy tree with very
stout branches, densely clothed with deep green foliage,
and of a rounded form, powdered over with the numerous
flower-heads. It has been found only in the mountains
of the Middle Island, from the province of Canterbury, at
4000 to 5000 feet elevation, to Otago, varying a good
deal in habit and foliage; specimens from the northern
locality being more stout, with short broad leaves, like
those of our plate, whilst those from the Otago province
have larger heads of flowers, and oblong-lanceolate leaves
two inches long.

The genus Olearia (which includes Hurybia) is a very
large one, confined to New Zealand and Australia, where

NOVEMBEB lst, 1881.

many of the species are known as Daisy trees. Only two
have hitherto been figured in the Boranitcan Macazing,
namely, O. Gunniana (Tab. 4638), a Tasmanian species,
which has been cultivated for many years against a wall at
Kew (where, however, it does not thrive) ; and O. dentata
(Tab. 5973), a very beautiful plant, a native of New
South Wales, and which after standing for several years,
I believe, in the open air at Kew, was killed by the cold
winter of 1870. It was figured from plants cultivated in
Scilly, where I hope it still lives. ee
O. Haastii has been cultivated in England ever since its
first introduction, but has not, as far as | am aware,
reached the arboreous dimensions which it attains in New
Zealand. It flowers in August and September.
~ Dascr. A stout large shrub or small tree, with thick
woody branches, the ultimate ones hoary with appressed
pubescence. Leaves crowded, three-quarters to one inch
long, shortly petioled, elliptic or ovate-oblong, obtuse or
subacute, very coriaceous, dull dark green above, white
but not shining beneath, with firmly appressed down;
nerves closely reticulate but obscure on both surfaces.
Heads numerous, shortly pedicelled, in lax or dense subter-
minal corymbose hoary cymes; peduncles usually much
longer than the leaves ; branches slender, with small leaves
at the forks. Involucre one-fourth to one-third of an inch
long, cylindric; bracts erect, oblong, obtuse, hoary,
margins scarious. ay-flowers two to five, rarely more;
ligule one-fourth of an inch long, elliptic-oblong, entire or
minutely toothed at the tip, white. Disk-flowers four to
six or more, yellow. Pappus-hairs unequal, scabrid, white.
Achenes narrow, hardly compressed, silky.—J. D. H.

_ Fig. 1, Head ; 2, involucral bracts ; 3, ray-flower; 4, pappus-hair; 5, style-arms
of ray-flower ; 6, disk-flower :—all enlarged.

Vincent Brooks Day & Son imp

MS. del J.NFitch Tath

1. Reeve & C2 London

Tas. 6598.
INCARVILLEA - KoopMANNII.

Native of Turkestan.

Nat. Ord. Branoni1acem.—Tribe TEcoMER.
Genus Incarvinina, Juss.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 662.)

IncarvitLEa Koopmannii ; perennis, erecta, gracilis, glaberrima, caulibus simpli-
ciusculis teretibus, foliis ovato-oblongis petiolatis pinnatisectis, segmentis
Hneari- v. oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis v. pauci-serratis superi-
oribus 3-sectis v. pinnatifidis, floribus paniculatis, pedicellis oppositis elongatis
basi bracteatis, calyce parvo campanulato breviter 5-dentato, corolla magne
rosez tubo a basi breviter cylindraceo elongato sensim ampliato, limbi obscure
2-labiati 5-lobi lobis equalibus rotundatis, antherarum loculis puberulis.

I. Koopmannii, W. Lauche in Deutsche Gart. Monatschrift. 1880, 39, ewm ic.
Gard. Chron. 1880, p. 725.

This is a very interesting as well as beautiful plant, so
closely resembling some states of the Himalayan Amphicome
arguta, that had it come from India it might hastily
have been put down as a slight variety of that species. A
comparison, however, with another very closely allied
Turkestan plant, Incarvillea Olge, Regel (Gartenfl. 1880,
p. 8), suggests that it may be a link between Amphicome and
Incarvillea, and indeed help to unite these genera. The
generic characters of the two are, that Amphicome is
perennial, with the wings of the seed split up into fine
hairs, whilst Incarvillea is strictly an annual, with the
membranous seed-wing quite entire. Now I. Olga is
described by Regel as probably biennial, and having an
oblong entire membranous wing to the seed; and J. Koop-
mannii is described by Lauche as a shrub with flat winged
seeds. Thus the difference between these genera is reduced
to the condition of the seed-wing, which assuredly does not
coincide with habit, for that of the two Turkestan plants is
very unlike Incarvillea and wholly that of Amphicome, as a
comparison with A. Hmodi of our plate 4890 shows. It is

NOVEMBER Ist, 1881.

a good instance of the late R. Brown’s sagacity, that he
induced Royle to reduce his proposed genus Amphicome
(Ill. Bot. Himal. 295) to a subgenus of Incarvillea; a
course which Lindley did not adopt, when, in the Botanical
Register (1838, t. 19), he restored it, givmg Royle the
authority for the generic name.

I. Koopmannii was discovered near Taschkend by the
traveller whose name it bears, and was communicated to
Kew by our excellent correspondent, Max Leichtlin, of
Baden; it flowered copiously in July, and remained in
flower for several weeks against a warm wall. I retain it
as a species distinct from [. Olge with great hesitation,
suspecting it to be a luxuriant state of that plant.

Descr. A slender, glabrous, green undershrub, two to
three feet high, with several erect terete stems from a
woody rootstock. Leaves two to four inches long, opposite,
broadly oblong or ovate-oblong, petioled, pinnatisect ;
segments sessile, falcately linear-oblong or lanceolate, acu-
minate, quite entire or sparingly sharply serrate, chiefly
towards the tip. Flowers in terminal panicles ; peduncles
an inch long, erect, opposite or subopposite, bracteate at
the base; lower bracts foliaceous, upper linear. Calyx one
quarter of an inch long, campanulate, with five small
triangular teeth. Corolla pale pink; tube one and a half
inches long, decurved, shortly cylindrical at the base, then
gradually dilated to the nearly flat circular limb, which is
_ one and a quarter inches in diameter, obscurely two-lipped,

with six subequal orbicular lobes. Stamens inserted at the

base of the dilated part of the corolla-tube; anthers
divaricate, ciliate. Fruit not seen.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Calyx; 2, base of coroll t ‘ ; 3
“oe stg iy ae oe rolla cut open and stamens; 3, anther; 4, ovary;

6594.

oo nn

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MS. del. J.

Vincent Brooks Day & Son imp

L Reeve & C° London

Tas. 6594,
CLEMATIS COCUINEA.

Native of Texas.

Nat. Ord. RanuncuLacem.—Tribe CLEMATIDER.
Genus Crematis, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. i. p. 3.)

CLEMATIS coccinea ; glaberrima, caule gracillimo scandente ramoso, foliis tenuiter
coriaceis gracile petiolatis 3~5-foliolatis, foliolis gracillime petiolulatis lateralibus
late ovetis ovato-cordatisve obtusis apiculatis convexis subtus glaucis inte-
gerrimis reticulatim venosis, terminali majore et latiore integro v. 3-lobo,
floribus solitariis longissime pedunculatis coccineis, perianthio ovoideo, sepalis
glaberrimis marginibus sericeo-tomentosis crasse coriaceis ovato-lanceolatis
erectis apicibus acutis recurvis, acheniis villosis, caudis elongatis plumosis
persistentibus.

C. coccinea, Engelm, in Gray Plant. Wright. part ii. p. 7.
C. Pitcheri, Carriére in Rev. Hortic. 1878, p. 10; non Torr. et Gr.
C. Viorna var. coccinea, A. Gray, l. e.

Putting aside the large-flowered Japanese species of
Clematis, as CO. florida, C. azwrea, &c., this is decidedly the
most attractive of all that have lately been introduced into
Europe, and, in point of brilliant colour, it is quite unique
in the genus. It was first considered by Professor Asa Gray
as a variety of OC. Viorna, an opinion which he has since
abandoned, as will be seen by the appended key to the
species of North American Clematis of this section with
which he has favoured me, and which settles once for all
that long-confused synonymy, to which I drew attention
under Plate 6574.

U. coccinea is a native of Texas, and was received in 1880
at the Royal Gardens from the rich gardens of Max
Leichtlin at Baden, and flowered in a cool conservatory in
June of the present year. It, however, appears to be
perfectly hardy, and a plant of it has been placed against
a S.E. wall, where it has, up to this time, grown freely.—
Ji BD Ae

Fig. 1, Stamens; 2, ovary :—both enlarged.
DECEMBER Ist, 1881.

Review of the North American climbing species of Clematis,
with compound leaves and thick or thickish erect sepals.

A. Sepals of the ovoid or somewhat conical and compara-
tively closed flower very thick, softly leathery, glabrous
or almost so (not canescent) except the inflexed mar-
gins, their tips not dilated nor conspicuously thin-
margined ; styles wholly persistent in fruit and plumose
throughout.

1. C. Viorna, L., of the Atlantic States east of the
Mississippi; figured only by Dillenius and in Jacquin,
Kelogia, tab. 32, by the former under the good character
“flore violaceo clauso.” The colour is usually of a dull
reddish purple.

2. C. cocoinza, Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Wright. vol. ii. p. 7,
where I called it C. Viorna, var. coccinea. Carritre, in Rev.
Hort. 1878, p. 10, has described and figured it under the
quite erroneous name of C. Pitcheri, and it may have other
-Names in cultivation. It is a native of Texas, and is
known from C. Viorna by its scarlet-red flowers, glaucous

foliage, and simpler as well as rounder and more reticu-
lated leaflets. —

B. Sepals less thick, pointed and nearly marginless, exter-

nally canescent; styles wholly persistent and very
plumose to the tip.

3. C. reticutata, Walt. Native of the Southern Atlantic
States east of the Mississippi. The Texan specimens
referred to it do not belong to this species, which is well
marked by the above characters, and by the excessive and
prominent reticulation of the firm coriaceous leaves. The
C. reticulata figured in Watson, Dendr. Brit., as Lindley
has stated, appears to be C. Viticella. Perhaps it is that
hybrid between C. Viticella and (. integrifolia which is
known in the gardens under the name of (. Hendersonii.
C. ovata, Pursh., of which the original specimens in Herb.
Oxon. have leaves almost as reticulated as this when old,
appears to be C. ochroleuca, Ait.

C. Sepals moderately thick and more expanding; styles
(in flower and fruit) either naked or silky-pubescent,

not plumose.—Here are two species, apparently only
two, but both polymorphous, not nearly related to each
other.

4. C. Pircuerst, Torr. and Gray, Fl. N. Am. Ranges
from the Mississippi River near St. Louis to Texas and
Northern Mexico. The general character of the flowers
and the conspicuous reticulation of the leaflets (especially
in age and in exposed situations, when they become thin-
coriaceous) have caused certain forms of this species to be
confounded with C. reticulata, as in Pl. Wright. ii. p. 7.
But its characters are quite distinct. The calyx is more
similar, but greener and less canescent. As to the carpels
there are two forms, and transitions between them: one
(letostylis) with the filiform styles completely glabrous
from the first; in the other (lastostylis) they are appressed-
silky or villous, either only below or for their whole length.
It is this latter form which has been mistaken for C. reticu-
lata, yet it is also the one (from Arkansas) upon which
C. Pitcheri was founded. Perhaps C. Bigelovit, Torr. and
Gray in Pacif. R. R. Exped. iv. 61, is the same; but there
is no specimen at Kew. In Mexico it passes into C. filifera,
Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 285, which has also both glabrous and
pilose styles.

5. C. ortspa, L., founded wholly upon the ‘ Clematis
flore crispo” of Dillenius—the figure and description of
which is unmistakable—inhabits the low country from
North Carolina, and perhaps Virginia, to Hastern Texas.
Well marked by its membranous foliage with lax venation,
and by the conspicuous dilated and undulate margins to
the upper and spreading part (commonly half) of the sepals
when fully expanded. Styles always pubescent, sometimes
as hairy as is represented in Gray, Gen. Ill. tab. 2, never
plumose. Here belong the figures in Bot. Mag. tab. 1892, and
Bot. Reg. xxxii. tab. 60; C. cordata, Bot. Mag. tab. 1816;
O. cylindrica, Bot. Mag. tab. 1160; also C. Viorna of Andr.
Bot. Rep. tab. 71. But the OU. crispa of De Candolle is
the §. European C0. campaniflora, C. parviflora, D.C. &e.
The division and form of the leaflets is excessively variable ;
moreover the species begins to blossom when low, erect,

and quite herbaceous.

Var. Walteri (the C. Walteri, Pursh., C. cylindrica, var..
Walteri, Torr. and Gray, &c.) is a very narrow-leaved form
of this sort, and doubtless includes even the 0. linearilota,.
D.C., figured by Delessert from a dried specimen with flower
unnaturally outspread.— A. Gray, Herbarium, Kew, October

25th, 1881.

. 6595,

29 ame Vincent Brooks Day & Son mp

LReeve & C° London

Tas. 6595.
SALVIA COLUMBARIA.

Native of California.

Nat. Ord.-Lapratz.—Tribe MonarDeEz.

- Genus Sanvia,. Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 1194.)

Satvra (Echinosphace) columbarie; annua, pubescens v. tomentella, caule simplici
erecto v. basi ramoso, foliis paucis radicalibus petiolatis oblongis pinnatitido-
lobatis v. 1-2-pinnatifidis, caulinis paucis sessilibus lobatis, lobis rugosis obtusis,
verticillastris 1-2 purpurascentibus involucrato-bracteatis densifloris, involucri
foliolis late ovatis v. rotundatis brevibus rigidis spinescentibus recurvis
integerrimis, bracteis consimilibis membranaceis, floribus parvis, calycis oblongi
hispidi tubo intus nudo, labio superiore 2-fido segmentis subulatis, inferiore
multo breviore dentibus 2 recurvis spinescentibus, corolla azurea tubo calyce
incluso, labio superiore emarginato v. 2-fido, inferiore 3-lobo lobis lateralibus
brevibus latis, intermedio obcordato profunde 2-fido, filamentis gracilibus.

S. columbarie, Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. p. 302, et in DC. Prodr. vol. xii. p. 349;
S. Wats. Bot. of California, p. 599.

A very common Californian annual, remarkable, like so
many of the annuals of that country, for the bright colour
of its flowers, or rather of its whole inflorescence, which
is quite amethystine. It has a wide range in America,
west of the Rocky Mountains, abounding throughout
California, and extending eastwards to N evada and south-
wards to Arizona. It is the “Chia” of the Aborigines,
whose favourite drink was an infusion of the small seed-like
fruits in water, to which they impart a mucilage.

S. columbarie belongs to a very small section of the
genus, which contains only one other species, and that also
a Californian one, S. carduacea, Hook., figured at Plate
4874 of this work, a noble plant introduced by Lobb in
1855 (see Mr. Isaac Anderson Henry's note to tab. 4884),
with fringéd corolla-lobes, and a ring of hairs within the
throat. S. columbarie itself was introduced by Mr.
Thompson of Ipswich in 1869; though stated to be a
perennial in De Candolle’s Prodromus, 1b 1s ‘decidedly an

DECEMBER Ist, 1881.

annual. The plant here figured flowered in the Herbaceous
ground of the Royal Gardens in June of the present year. .
Its specific name was given from the similarity in habit
and aspect to the common sheep’s-bit scabious (Scabiosa
columbaria).

Descr. A rather slender annual, a span to two feet high,
puberulous or softly pubescent all over. Stem four-angled,
simple or divided at the very base, or once trichotomously
above. Leaves few, radical long-petioled, oblong, lobulate,
pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, the divisions obtuse, ultimate
short, rounded, surface wrinkled, nerves strong beneath ;
cauline leaves at the base of the branches small, sessile,
simply pinnatifid. Whorls of flowers solitary or two at the
end of the stem and branches, one to one and a half inches
in diameter, dense, hard, many-flowered, outer or involucral
bracts many, imbricate, a third to half an inch long, rigid,
broadly ovate, narrowed into stiff recurved spinous points,
red-purple; inner erect and spinescent; inner bracts
similar, but more membranous. lowers not exserted
beyond the bracts. Calyx oblong-cylindric, hispid, strongly
ribbed, two-lipped one-third of the way down; upper lip
slightly arched, ending in two awl-shaped teeth, lower lip
not half as long, recurved also with two awl-shaped teeth.
Corolla-tube not exserted beyond the calyx; limb deep
bright blue, one-third of an inch across the lips; upper
lip two-fid, short, reflexed, lower much larger, three-lobed,
lateral lobes broad short rounded, terminal broadly obcor-
date deeply bifid, the divisions Spreading and rounded.
Anthers not contiguous, connective divisions filiform, the
upper protruded with a slender anther-cell; lower half as

long with a thickened tip. Stigmatic-arms long, slender.—
J.D. H.

Fig. 1, Flower; 2, the same cut open longitudinally - ; i ;
fied oie pen longitudinally ; 3, anther; 4, stigma;

6596.

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Tas. 6596.
ALOE Perryt.

Native of the Island of Socotra.

Nat. Ord. Lin1ace#.—Tribe ALOINEZ.

Genus Atoz, Linn.; (Baker in Journ. Linn. Soe. vol. xviii. p- 152,)

ALok Perryi; caule brevi simplici, foliis 12-20 dense rosulatis lanceolatis acumi-
natis subpedalibus e basi ad apicem sensim angustatis glauco-viridibus rubro-
tinctis facie canaliculatis dentibus marginalibus deltoideo-cuspidatis parvis
pallide brunneis, pedunculo deorsum applanato, racemis 1-3 oblongo-cylindricis,
pedicellis flore 3-4-plo brevioribus, bracteis minutis lanceolato-deltoideis,
perianthii rubro-lutei pollicaris segmentis oblongis tubo cylindrico triplo
brevioribus, genitalibus demum breviter exsertis.

A. Perryi, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soe. vol. xviii. p. 161.

The subject of the present plate is a plant of unusual
interest. It is said that Aloes was known to the Greeks
as a product. of the island of Socotra as early as the fourth
century before the Christian era; and yet till very recently
no material has been obtained from which the botanical
characters of the plant which yields the drug could be
settled. In the absence of any precise information on the
subject, botanists and pharmacists have supposed that the
plant that furnished it was an Aloe which was figured in
1697 by Commelinus from the Medical Garden at Amsterdam
under the name of “ Aloe Succotrina Angustifolia Spinosa
flore purpureo,” a species which was called Aloe vera by
Philip Miller, and has been characterized by Lamarck and
several later authors under the name of Aloe Succotrina.
By the researches of Mr. Bolus this plant has now been
ascertained to be really a native of the Cape of Good Hope,
and the Socotra Aloe proves to be a species confined to
that island, closely allied in general habit to the well-known
Barbadoes Aloe (Aloe vera, Linn. = A. barbadensis, Miller
= A. vulgaris, Lam.), but differing in its shorter leaves, and
especially in its flowers, which have a tube much longer
than the segments, and are arranged in looser racemes, on

DECEMBER lst, 1881.

longer pedicels. Our first specimens of the Socotra plant
were brought to Kew in 1878 by Mr. Wykeham Perry,
but these were without flower. A year later we had
similar examples brought by Mr. Jas. Collins; but fora full
knowledge of the plant and of its best differential characters
we are indebted to Professor Bayley Balfour of Glasgow,
who made a thorough exploration of the island last year
under the auspices of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, and brought home a collection
of plants, which includes a large number of new genera
and species. Our drawing is made from living plants pre-
sented by Dr. Balfour to Kew, two of which flowered in
the Succulent-house in the summer of the present year.
He found it spread widely through the island, especially in
the limestone tracts, ranging from sea-level to an altitude
of 3000 feet ; and he has also found in small quantity what
appears to be a second endemic Socotran species with
dwarfer habit and spotted leaves.

Descr. Trunk in the cultivated examples simple, about a
foot in length, one and a half or two inches in diameter.
Leaves twelve to twenty in a dense rosette, lanceolate, a
foot long, three inches broad at the base, tapering gradually
to an acuminate point, a dead rather glaucous green with a
reddish tinge towards the edge, channelled all the way
down the face, one-sixth of an inch thick in the centre, the
small deltoid-cuspidate pale-brown marginal prickles about
a quarter of an inch apart. Inflorescence one and a half or
two feet long, generally with two or three forks, rarely
simple; peduncle purple-tinted, flattened towards the base ;
racemes oblong-cylindrical, three to six inches long, two
inches in diameter ; pedicels red, a quarter or a third of an
inch long, the lower ones cernuous; bracts lanceolate-
deltoid, shorter than the pedicels. Perianth cylindrical, an
inch long, bright red, with a green tip in an early stage,

turning yellow as it matures; tube cylindrical, rather

constricted at the middle; segments oblong, a third as long
as the tube.

Stamens and style finally slicht] ted.—
J. G. Baker. de y slightly exser

Fig. 1, A flower complete; 2, back and front view of

: nthers ; 3, pistil; 4, hori-
zontal section of ovary :—all more or less enlarged. eS: pts A

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6597,

Vincent Brooks Day & SonImp

L Reeve & C° London

Tas. 6597.
CALCEOLARIA SINCLAIRIT.

Native of New Zealand.

Nat. Ord. ScropHULARINEX.—Tribe CALCEOLARIER.
Genus Catceoxaria, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. ii. p. 929.)

Catceotarta (Jovellana) Sinclairii ; pubescens, caule gracili, foliis longe petiolatis
ovatis oblongisve subacutis v. obtusis membranaceis grosse crenato-serratis vy.
marginibus lobulatis lobulis dentatis basi rotundatis v. subeordatis, cymis longe
pedunculatis laxifloris, floribus subecorymbosis longe pedicellatis, calycis parvi
lobis ovatis obtusis recurvis, corolla pallida intus rubro-punctata late rotundato-
campanulata, labio superiore brevi emarginato, inferiore paullo longiore
rotundato concavo obscure 3-lobo, tubo basi intus villoso, antheris didymis,
filamentis brevibus ima basi tubi insertis, ovario conico.

C. Sinclairii, Hook. Ic. Plant. t.561; Hook. f. Flora of New Zealand, vol. i. p. 187;
Handbook of New Zealand Flora, p. 201; Benth. in DC. Prodr. vol. x.
p- 206. :

The existence in New Zealand of two species of the
otherwise peculiarly South American genus Calceolavia, is
one of the many singular botanical features of the former
country; nor is it the only instance of a strong affinity
between these distant countries which is not shared by the
Australian continent or its islands; for it is repeated by the
genera Fuchsia, Coriaria. —

Both the New Zealand Calceolarias belong to a very
small American section of the genus which has the lips of
the corolla bell-shaped and nearly equal, and of which
species only four others are known, of which two have been
figured in this work, C. violacea (Tab. 4929) and C. punc-
tata (Tab. 5392). Of these the former is very closely
allied to the New Zealand plant, having the same spotted
flowers, only rather larger, with a larger calyx and more
depressed ovary, but it has very different leaves.

O. Sinclairii was discovered at East Cape in the Northern
Island of New Zealand by the late Dr. Sinclair, R.N.,
whilst Colonial Secretary, an ardent botanist, who fell a

- DECEMBER lst, 1881].

sacrifice to his zeal, being drowned in crossing a swollen
river in the province of Canterbury, when on a botanizing
expedition with Dr. Von Haast. It has also been found at
Hawke’s Bay by Mr. Colenso.

I am indebted to Mr. Isaac Anderson Henry for this very
interesting plant ; he raised it from seed, which flowered in
June of the present year at Hay Lodge, near Edinburgh ;
and who has, since this plate was engraved, sent a specimen
with twice as many flowers on the truss. The other New
Zealand species, C. repens, Hook. f., is also a native of the
Northern Island (forests of the Ruahine range); itis a small
creeping very delicate and small-flowered plant.

Descr. A tall very slender straggling herb, one to two feet
high, pubescent all over. Stem rounded, weak, ascending,
sparingly branched from the base. Leaves very membranous,
long-petioled, two to four inches long, oblong or ovate-
oblong, obtuse, crenate-toothed or lobulate on the margin,
the teeth or lobules denticulate, base rounded or slightly
cordate often oblique, dull green, under surface paler;
petiole one to three inches Jong. Peduncles very long and
slender, bearing loose subcorymbose heads of long pedicelled
flowers. Calyx very small, about one-fourth of an inch in
diameter ; lobes four, broadly ovate, subacute, spreading
and reflexed. Corolla puberulous, one-third to one-half of
an inch in diameter, between hemispherical and campahu- .
late, shortly two-lipped, very pale lilac or flesh-coloured
externally, within spotted with red-purple; upper lip
emarginate, lower rather longer, concave, very obscurely
three-lobed, tube villous at the base within. Stamens
inserted at the very base of the tube, filaments very short ;

anthers didymous. Ovary shortly conical, acute, pubescent.
Capsule conical, membranous.—J D. H.

Fig. 1, Base of corolla and stamens; 2, calyx and ovary ; 3, transverse section of
ovary :—all enlarged, ee

598.

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~2 London.

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Tap. 6598,
PIPTOSPATHA rnstents.

Native of Borneo.

°

Nat. Ord. Arorpem.—Tribe Pa1nopENDRER.
Genus Prptosparua, WN. E. Brown in Gard. Chron. 1879, vol. xi. p. 138.)

PIPTOSPATHA insignis; pumila, acanlis, glaberrima, foliis anguste ’ elliptico-
lanceolatis acuminatis in petiolum breviorem erectum angustatis coriaceis,
costa valida, nervis paucis, petiolo basi dilatato breviter vaginante, squamis
spathaceis membranaceis roseis denum_ brunneis, scapis robustis petiolis
longioribus, spatha primum erecta denum horizontali v. nntante ellipsoidea
rostrata, rostro recurvo, clausa crasse coriacea alba roseo-picta, spadice incluso
crassiusculo sessili toto florifero, floribus basalibus paucis neutris, terminalibus
3; intermediis 2, antheris subsessilibus connectivo crasso ultra loculos laterales
oblongos in rostrum crassum producto, ovariis prismaticis 1-locularibus, stigmate
sessili, placentis 2-3 parietalibus, ovulis erectis orthotropis, funiculo curve
supra basin affixo.

P. insignis, V. E. Br. 1. c. et Icon. pp. 138, 139, f. 20.

Mr. N. E. Brown (Assistant in the Herbarium at Kew),
who makes a special and very careful study of Aroids, has,
I think, rightly referred this curious little plant’ to a new
genus of the small Malayan group of Philodendrew, with
the spathes circumsciss above the position of the ovaries,
which includes Schismatoglottis ; though it hardly agrees
with Engler’s character of a low-branched undershrub,
which Engler attributes to the group, “ Suffrutices humiles
ramosi.”’ The term suffrutex, or undershrub, is obviously
here used in a different sense from the generally recognized
one, of “woody” plants, for Schismatoglottis is clearly
a herb, as is Piptospatha.

Borneo, the native country of this plant, is eminently
rich in Aroids, and their investigation would well reward
the labours of a botanist who could devote a year to them
in their native forests. Piptospatha was discovered by Mr.
Burbidge when collecting for Messrs. Veitch in that island,
and.the plant here figured was presented to the Royal
Gardens by the latter firm. It flowered in July.

DECEMBER lst, 1881.

Descr. A low stemless green herb, with numerous
densely tufted long cylindric roots. Leaves all radical, four
to five inches long, by three-quarters of an inch broad,
petioled, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate with acuminate re-
curved points, narrowed into the petiole at the base, very
coriaceous, smooth, with slightly recurved margins ; midrib
stout, prominent beneath; nerves three to five pairs, very
oblique; colour deep dark-green above, much paler beneath ;
petiole from one-third to two-thirds as long as the blade,
erect, grooved above, green in cultivated specimens (red in
Mr. Burbidge’s drawing of native ones), Sheaths long,
membranous, acuminate, brown. Peduncle stout, longer
than the petioles, erect, red-brown, curved at the top.
Spathe one to one and a quarter inch long, ellipsoid with
an upturned acute beak, white suffused with rose; coriaceous,
—convolute and closed except a small opening towards the
point; after flowering the upper part of the spathe above
the position of the female flowers on the spadix separates
from the lower by a transverse rupture. Spadix wholly
included, cylindric, stout, white, rounded at the end,
wholly covered with flowers, the projecting tips of the
anthers giving the upper part a thickened appearance.
Neuter organs (imperfect females) forming a few rows at
the very base of the spadix, clavate, or rounded at the -
swollen tip, quite smooth. Male flowers without perianth,
consisting of crowded stamens occupying the upper two-
thirds of the spathe, the uppermost only imperfect; stamens —
with a very short filament dilating into a broad cellular
thick connective, which is produced beyond the anther-cells
into a conical beak; cells ellipsoid, parallel, separated by
the connective, discharging the pollen from the top of a
vertical slit. Female flowers of crowded ovaries below the
males, without perianth or staminodes ; ovary obpyramidal,
obtusely five-angled; stigma sessile occupying the whole
broad top of the ovary; cavity large; Ovules irregularly
placed on several parietal placentas, long, erect, nearly

orthotropous, the funicle being attached above the rounded
base. Hruit not seen.—J. D. H.

Fig. 1, Spadix; 2, longitudinal .see
ovaries ; 5, stumen; 6, longitudinal,
all enlarged.

tion of ditto; 3, imperfect ovaries ; 4, perfect
and 7, transverse section of ovary ; 8, ovule:—

rt

6599.

7

Vincent Brooks Day & Son imp

*
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LReeve & C° London

Tas, 6599.
ESCALLONIA rvsra var. punctata.
Native of Chili.

N at. Ord. SaxrtFRAGER.~—Tribe EscaLLoniex.
Genus Escattonra, Linn.; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen, Pl. vol. i. p. 644.)

Escattonia rubra; glanduloso-pubescens v. hirtella, fruticosa, ramis erectis
virgatis, foliis sessilibus in petiolum brevem angustatis ovatis v. obovatis
acutis v. obtusis serrulatis lete viridibus nitidis subtus hirtis v. glanduloso-
punctatis v. glabris, floribus paucis subcorymbosis suberectis, calycis tubo
turbinato, limbi lobis ovatis acuminatis v. triangulari-subalatis, corolla intense
= petalis in tubum pentagonum 5-costatum subcoherentibus limbo parvo
revoluto.

E. rubra, Persoon Encheirid. vol. ii. p. 235; De Candolle Prodr. vol. iv. p. 3;
Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 2890.

SrEREOXYLON rubrum, Ruiz et Pav, Fl, Peruz. vol. iii. t. 236, f. 6.
Var. punctata, foliis ellipticis acutis ; E. punctata, DC. Prodr, vol. iv. p. 3.

Though very dissimilar in foliage and colour of the flower
from the form of EH. rubra figured at Tab. 2890 of this
work, an examination of a large series of dried specimens
proves that both are but varieties of one common and
widely-diffused Chilian species, to which may probably be
referred several others, now described as different. It is a
native of rocky ravines of the Andes called Quebradas,
from Valdivia northwards, and the narrow-leaved form
of it was introduced in 1828 into the Botanic Garden of
Liverpool, from whence it was distributed over Great Britain
and the Continent. In its native country the whole plant
is covered more or less densely with resin-secreting hairs
which are reduced to glandular dots on the under surface
of the leaves, and the whole shrub emits a powerful odour,
but in our Gardens, probably owing to a less powerful sun,
there is little of this secretion. ae

The plant here figured entirely accords with native spe-
cimens collected at Valdivia by Lechler, and named F.

DECEMBER lst, 1881].

punetata by Miquel; it differs slightly from De Candolle’s
description, in the flowers being often in twos and threes.
Engler, in his Mondgraph of Escallonia, &c., in the Linnea
(vol. xxxvi. p. 544), refers Lechler’s specimens to Ff.
macrantha, Hook. and Arn. (Tab. 4473 of this work), which
is a very much larger plant, with numerous and much larger
flowers.

E. rubra var. punctata flowers freely in the open air
against a south wall, in the month of July, in the Royal
Gardens, and though not so handsome as H. macrantha, 1s
a very attractive plant.

Descr. A shrub, three to six feet high, much branched,
evergreen, more or less clothed with resinous pubescence
glands; branches slender, twiggy, with rich brown bark. |
Leaves one to one and a half inch long, deep bright green,
sessile or narrowed into a very short petiole, elliptic-ovate
acute, finely serrated, the serration often irregular ; upper
surface glossy with deeply impressed veins; under paler,
smooth, glabrous or glandular-pubescent, or gland-dotted.
Flowers one to four, rarely more, in terminal corymbs,
suberect, pedicels a quarter to half an inch long, pubescent.
Calyz-tube turbinate, limb of five spreading entire or serrate
triangular-ovate acuminate lobes, rather longer than the
tube. Corolla deep dark red; petals one-third to half an
inch long, cohering in an obtusely five-angled tube, with
thickened angles (the overlapping margins), tips of the
petals about twice as broad as the claws, rounded, revolute. —
Stamens equalling thie tube in length, anther-tips exserted.
Stigma very shortly exserted.—J. D. H.

Fig. i; Flower cut open longitudinally ; 2, stamen ; 3, top of style and stigma;
4, disk surmounting the ovary and base of style :—all enlarged.

6546
6565
6589
6580
6596
6552
6586
6549
6585
6555
6573
6567
6597
6588
6590
6551
6542

6574
6594
6561
6539
6570
6545
6566
6591
6583
6577
6599
6578
6543

6568

- 6554

6571

INDEX
To Vol. XXXVI. of the Tarko Seems, or Vol. CVI.
of the whole Work.

Abronia latifolia.

Aichmea Lindeni.

Agave Hookeris

Aloe macracantha.

Aloe Perryi.

Aquilegia formosa.

Aristolochia altissima.

Aster gymnocephalus.

Babiana socotrana.

Begonia socotrana.

Berberis sinensis,

Bolbophyllum Beccarii.

Calceolaria Sinclairii. ef

Campanula Allionii.

Campanula Tommasiniana,

Cladrastis amurensis.

Clematis ‘sthuszfolia,
latisecta.

Clematis reticulata.

Clematis coccinea.

Clerodendron trichotomum.

Crawfurdia luteo-viridis.

Crinum Balfourii.

Crinum Forbesianum.

Cuscuta reflexa.

Dendrobium Treacherianum.

Drosera capensis.

Engelmannia pinnatifida.

Eseallonia rubra,var. punctata,

Euadenia eminens.

Fourcroya cubensis, var. in-
ermis,

Geum elatuin,

Hechtia cordylinoides.

Homalonema Wallisii.

var:

6562
6563
6550
6593
6579
6559
6569
6553

6538
6557
6541
6556
6564
6547
6584
6536
6592
6575
6581
6598
6535
6540
6560

6582
6558

| 6548

6595
6576
6534
6537
6572
6544
6587

Hymenocallis Harrisiana,
Hypericum Coris.
Impatiens amphorata,
Incarvillea Koopmannii.
Iris missouriensis.
Jasminum gracillimum.
Kniphofia comosa.

Kniphofia Uvaria, var.
maxima.
Lysionotus serrata.

Melianthus Trimenianus.
Millettia megasperma.
Musschia aurea.
Nardostachys Jatamansi.
Nerine filifolia.
Nunnezharia tenella.
Nymphea tuberosa,
Olearia Haastii.
Osbeckia rostrata.
Pinanga patula.
Piptospatha insignis,
Pitcairnia zeifolia.
Polygonum sachalinense.
Potentilla (Ivesia) unguicu-
lata.
Primula poculiformis.
Protea penicillata.
Rosa microphylla.
Salvia columbariz.
Schismatoglottis crispata.
Silphium laciniatum.
Statice tatarica.
Synechanthus fibrosus.
Tricyrtis macropoda.
Veronica carnosula.