CURTIS'S '
BOTANICAL MAGAZINE,
COMPRISING THE
Pante of tije ftopi 6artmtss of fttto,
AND
OF OTHER BOTANICAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN GREAT BRITAIN ;
WITH SUITABLE DESCRIPTIONS;
BY
IB JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D., C.B., K.C.S.I.,
F.E.S., F.L.S., etc.,
D.C.L. OXON., LL.D. CANTAB., CORRESPONDENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.
VOL. LI.
OF THE THIRD SERIES.
{Or Vol. CXXI. of the Whole Work.)
' Nor is the mead unworthy of thy foot,
Full of froah verdure and unnumbered flowers,
The negligenco of Nutuic wide and wild."
TnoMsoir.
LONDON:
L. REEVE & CO.,
Publisher* to the Home, Oolonial, and Indian Chvemments,
6, HENRIETTA STREET, COVP1NT GARDEN.
1895.
[All righto rtmnteK}
Mo. Bot. Garden,
189S.
TO
HARRY BOLUS, ESQ., F.L.S.
Sherwood, Kenilworih, Gape Town.
My deak Mr. Bolus,
It affords me great pleasure to offer you the dedi-
cation of the 121st Volume of the Botanical Magazine,
acknowledgment of the great service you have rendered
to South African Botany, and especially by your masterly
works on the " Orchids of the Cape Peninsula," and your
" Icones Orchidearum Austro-Af ricanarum." I have further
to beg your acceptance of it as a memento of our friend-
ship.
Believe me,
Sincerely yours,
J. D. HOOKER.
Tee Cahip, Sunninguale.
Dec. lit, 1895.
L MAGAZ
Foreign Finches in Captivit
EE, Ph.D
THE HYMENOPTERA ACULEATA OF THE BRITISH I
By EDWARD SAUNDER
vith 4 PI
nbscribers
BRITISH FUNGI, Phycomycetes and Ustilagin
BRITISH FUNG
€± "V
THINGTON G. SWITCH, F.L . ta., with 2
HANDBOOK OF THE BRITISH FLORA
A Dr the Flowering Plants a
to or Matte
"• I writ
V
ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BRITISH FLORA:
■f Wood Engravings, with Dissections, of British Pi
h bt W.H. FITCH, F.L.S., ±hd W*. G. SMITH F
Ob
URNAL OF BOTAN1
■
nay b-
-" 1 *. H
7392.
^Hk
Tab. 7392.
TALAUMA Hodgsoni.
Native of the Eastern Himalaya.
Nat. Ord. Magnoliace*. — Tribe Magnolie^?.
Genus Talauma, Juss. ; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 18.)
Talatjma Hodgsoni; arbor 50-60-pedalis, foliis amplis obovato-oblongis
obtusis v. cuspidatis marginibus subsinuatis supra creberrime reticularis
subtus glaucis, petiolo bipollicari, rloribus amplis solitaris terminalibus,
pedunculo crasso 1-2-annulato, alabastro ovoideo, bracteis caducis, sepalia
i3-5-obovato-oblongis obtusis extus laate coeruleo-purpurasceutibus, petalis
ad 6 sepalis consimilibus albis fructu magno ovoideo, oarpeliis subtetra-
gonis acute rostratis, rachi profunda excavato foveolis rotuudato-
quadratis.
T. Hodgsoni, Hook f. & Thorns. Fl. Tnd/ca, p. 75, et in Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. i.
p. 40. Hook.f. Illustr. Himal. PI. t. 6. Gamble, List of Trees of Dar-
jeeling, p. 3, & Manual of Indian Timbers, p. 5.
Talauma Hodgsoni is one of the noblest of the flowering
forest trees of the Himalaya, a country which, considering
its narrow area, contains perhaps more handsome magno-
liaceous trees than does any other of equal dimensions in
India, if not of the world. Its forests produce Magnolia
Campbellii,H.t & T. (Tab. 6793), globom s E.i. & T.; ptero-
carpa, Roxb., Manglietia insignis, Bl. ; Michelia GathcarHi,
Hf. & T., M. Ghampaca, Linn., M. excelsa, Bl., M. lanu-
ginosa, Wall. (Tab. 6179) and M. Kisopa, Ham. Of these
the prince is, no doubt, Magnolia Gampbellii, and next to it
is Talauma Hodgsoni, of which I was the fortunate dis-
coverer in 1848, when I found it forming forests in the
valleys of Sikkim at an elevation of 5000 to 6000 ft., and
it was subsequently gathered by Dr. Thomson and myself
in the Khasia hills.
As a timber tree T. Hodgsoni is not of much use. Mr.
Gamble, in his valuable " Trees, Shrubs, and large Climbers
of the Darjeeling District," says of the wood, that it is
white, but in very old trees quite black, especially the
wood of the roots; as also that it is used for the handles
of weapons and tools, and for other small-wood purposes.
Its specific name commemorates the services to the
Literature, Arts, and (Sciences of India of my late dis-
Januaky 1st, 1895. A
tinguished friend, the Orientalist, Brian H. Hodgson,
LL.D., F.R.S., formerly Minister at the Nepal Court,
my host for many months at Darjeeling, who passed
away only last year at the great age of ninety-four.
Two plants of T. Hodgsoni were received at Kew from
the Botanical Gardens, Calcutta, about twenty years ago,
and w^ere grown in pots in the Palm House. They were
subsequently removed to the Temperate House, and
planted out there, where the tallest is now 25 ft. high,
with leaves 2 ft. long. Mr. Watson informs me that the
plant flowered in a sunny position, and that the flowers
last but a few hours after fully opening. They are at
first white, then change to creamy-yellow, before fading
to a dark brown. My attention was first directed to the
tree in the dense Sikkim forests by seeing the petals in
the ground, which resembled hen's eggs, and had a spicy
fragrance.
Descr. — An erect evergreen tree, with a clean trunk on
30 to 40 feet high, and three to six feet in girth, flowering
and leafing together. Leaves 8-20 inches long, by 4-9
broad, obovate-oblong, cuspidate or obtuse, coriaceous,
glabrous, margins waved ; costa and nerves strong ;
nervnles closely reticulate, bright green above, pale, and
more or less glaucous beneath ; petiole 1-2 inches long.
Flowers solitary, terminal, fragrant, 6-7 inches in diameter
across the outspread sepals ; peduncle 1-1^ in. long, stout,
green, ringed by the caducous bracts ; buds about 3 inches
long, ovoid. Sepals 3-5, obovate-oblong, concave, thick and
fleshy, dark vinous purple externally; suffused internally
with pink. Petals about six, like the petals, but all white or
faintly rose-colrd. towards the tips. Stamens numerous,
on a conical torus ; filaments very short, anthers linear,
red. Fruit ovoid, woody, four to six inches long, muri-
cate, formed of numerous sharply beaked dehiscent carpels,
which fall away from a deeply pitted woody central
column. Seeds one or two in each carpel, orbicular,
compressed ; outer coat of testa fleshy, red. — J. I). H.
Fig. 1, Apex of peduncle with stamens and carpels, some of the latter
removed to show tne convex receptacle: — of the nat. size; 2, stamens;
3, carpel ; 4, the same laid open, showing the ovules, all enlarged'; 5, reduced
views of plant in the temperate house, Kew.
7391
Tab. 7393.
ACIDANTHERA 2equinoctialis.
Native of Sierra Leone.
Nat. Ord. Ibidem. — Tribe Ixie^.
Genus Acidanthera, Roclist. ; (Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 706.)
Acidanthera seqninoctialis ; cormo magno, depresso-globoso tunicis exteriori-
bus scariosis brunneis fibris parallelis, caule stricto erecto elongato, foliia
pluribus ensiformibus Buperpositis pedalibus vel sesquipedalibus vaginato,
spicis distichis laxissimis simplicibus 3-6-floris, spathaa valva exteriori
lanceolata elongata foliacea, periantbii tubo cylindrico apice curvato,
limbi segmentis ovatis cuspidatis late imbricatis albis basi purpureo
maculatis flore expanso horizantaliter patulis, genitalibus arcuatis limbo
paulo brevioribus, fructu oblongo-trigono.
A. sequinoctialis, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xvi. p. 160 ; JIandb. Irid.
p. 188. Gladiolus a^quinoctialis, Kerb, inedit.
This is the tallest and most showy of all the known
species of Acidanthera, a genus which holds an interme-
diate position between Gladiolus and Ixia. The present
species for half a century has been known only from a
drawing of the spike by Dean Herbert, contained in a
bound quarto volume of his sketches in the Lindley
library. It was rediscovered in fruit in 1892 by Mr.
Scott- Elliot, in the crevices of bare gneiss rocks, near the
summit of Sugarloaf Mountain, Sierra Leone, at an
elevation of about three thousand feet above sea-level. In
this state it was not recognized, and was distributed in
his dried collection as No. 3904. In 1893 a quantity
of corms was sent home by Captain Donovan, which was
handed over to the Royal Gardens at Kew. Those which
received greenhouse treatment failed to flower, bnt in a
warm conservatory they found themselves quite at home,
and came into flower in the month of November. Seven-
teen species of the genus are now known. One inhabits
Mount Kilimanjaro, two the mountains of Abyssinia, one of
them extending to Zambesi land, and all the others belong
to different regions of the Cape Colony.
Descr. — Corm large, depresso-globose ; outer tunics
scariose, brown, with parallel fibres. Stem stout, stiffly
January 1st, 1895. a 2
erect, three or four feet long. Leaves many, superposed,
ensiform, a foot or a foot and a half long, glabrous,
strongly ribbed. Flowers three to six in a very lax,
'simple, distichous spike ; outer spathe- valves lanceolate,
foliaceous, three or four inches long in the lower flowers.
Perianth tube slender, cylindrical, curved at the top, five
or six inches long ; limb two inches in diameter ; segments
ovate, cuspidate, much imbricated, white, with a purple
spot at the base. Stamens contiguous, arcuate, rather
shorter than the segments of the perianth. Capsule
oblong-trigonous, an inch long. — J. Q. Baker.
Fig. 1, Front view of anther; 2, back view of antber; 3, stigmatic lobes
and upper part of style ; enlarged ; 4, whole plant much reduced.
W4
MS.dei,JNF.tcMrth.
• ,oks,T3»y* S< "
Tab. 7394.
LONICERA Alberti.
Native of Eastern Turkestan.
Nat. Ord. Caprifoljace,e. — Tribe LoxiCERiE.
Genus Lonicera, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 5.)
Lonicera (Xylosteum) Alberti; fruticolns humilis, rigidns, ramosissimus,
glaberrimns, foliis sessilibus linearibns obtusis snbtns albicantibus, basi
sjepissime dentibns acutis 1 v. 2 utrinque auctis, floribus ramulis laterali-
bus 2-nis, bracteolis in involucrum brevem stipitatum 4-lobum connatif,
lobis rotundatis, ovariis liberis ovoideip, calycis dentibna 5 inaequalibus
obtusis, corollse rosea? tubo cylindraceo, lobis tubo intus piloso brevioribns
8nba3qnalibus ovatis obtusis patentibus, staminibus breviter exsertis,
stigmate spatbulato recnrvo baccis liberis.
L. Alberti ,'Regrl in Act. Hort. Petrop. vol. vii. (1880), p. 550, and in Gartenflor.
(1881), p. 370 and 387, t. 10G5.
Lonicera Alberti is typical of a considerable number of
the Xylosteum section of Honeysuckles that inhabit the
dry mountains of Central Asia from the Altai to the
Himalaya, where they form stunted, intricately branched
shrubs. In the Himalaya there are no fewer than eighteen
such species, of which hardly anyoccur below 6000 ft., many
are confined to elevations between 10,000 and 12,000 ft!,
and one ascends to above 16,000 ft. in Tibet, north of
Sikkim. L. tomentella, figured at t. 6486, is an example of
one of the larger of the group. For the most part they
have nothing to recommend them horticulturally, and
their habit and habitat are all they have to interest a
botanist. L. Alberti is the most attractive of those known
to me, from its abundance of bright, rose-colrd. flowers,
and sweet, though faint odour. It is one of the many
discoveries of Dr. Albert Regel, a distinguished explorer
of A\ estern Turkestan, who, during arduous and often
perilous services in Central Asia, made large collections
of living and dried plants for his father, Dr. de Regel, the
late eminent Director of the Imperial Gardens of St.
Petersburgh. A plant of it was sent to Kew by Dr. Regel
Januart 1st, 1895.
from those gardens in 1880, which flowered in May, and is,
as might be expected, perfectly hardy.
Descr. — A small, much-branched, quite glabrous shrub
2 ft. high ; branches divaricate in native specimens, less
so in cultivated, bark dark. Leaves {— 1J in. long, sessile,
linear, obtuse, very pale beneath, quite entire, or with one
or two acute teeth on each side, near the base. Flowers
in pairs, terminating short lateral branches, fragrant;
bracts short, rounded, connate into a 4-lobed stipitate cup,
the ovaries quite free. Calyx-tube ovoid, contracted at
the tip ; lobes 4, short, obtuse, unequal. Corolla glabrous,
rose-red ; tube cylindric, hairy within, £-£ in. long ; limb
\ in. diam., lobes equal, ovate, obtuse. Stamens shortly
exserted. Stigma spathulate, recurved. — J". J). H.
Fig. 1, Top of flowering branch and flowers ; 2, ovary and style ; 3 and 4,
stamens : — All enlarged.
1395
c«,«
Tab. 7395.
acacia spadicigera.
Native of Central America and Cuba.
Nat. Ord. LEGUMiNOsiE. — Tribe Acacice*.
Acacia (GummiferEe) spadicigera ; frutex rigidus, ramosus, stipulis spine-
scentibus demum maximis 1—1$ pollicaribus inflatis corneiformibus
brunneis rectis curvisve basi connatis, pinnis 4-8 jugis, foliolis 1^-20
-jugis lineari-oblongis obtusis, puberulis costa nunc inappendiculata,
nunc appendicula fusiformi carnosula caduca apice instructa, spicis
axillaribus solitariis binisve crasse pedunculatis cylindraceis obtusis
densifloris, pedunculo basi involucellato, floribus minimis aureis sessilibus
densissime congestis sqnamulis longe stipitatis peltatis immixtis, calycis
urceolati lobis brevibus obtusis, corolla calyce paullo longiore 5-dentata,
staminibus breviter exsertis, legumine sessile oblongo recto v. falcato.
A. spadicigera, Cham, et Schl. in Linnsei, vol. v. (1830) p. 594. Benth. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxx. p. 514. Hcmsl. Biol. Cent): Amer. Bot. vol. i.
p. 355.
A. cornigera, Willd. Sp. PI. vol. iv. p. 1080, rxcJ. tyn. Ait. Hort. Ketc, Ed. I,
vol. iii. p. 441. A. Rich. Fl. Cub. vol. i. p. 462.
A. ? cornigera, DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 460, Eel. S'/jn.
Mimosa cornigera, Jacq. Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. p. 266.
The plant here figured is one of two closely allied species
of Acacia, A. spadicigera and A. sphasrocephala , remarkable
for their enormous horn-like stipules. Both are included
under Mimosa cornigera, Linn. (Acacia cornigera, Willd.),
which was founded on the Arbor cornigera of Hernandez,
" De Historia Plantarum Novse Hispanise " (p. 86), published
in 1651, who unfortunately gives no description of the
plant, only two rude woodcuts of the leaves and stipules,
with a brief account of the latter forming the home of a
stinging ant.
The history of the twin Acacia coniigerce is horticultuvally
interesting, one of them having been in cultivation previous
to 1692, in the Royal Gardens of Hampton Court, under
the names of the Horrid Acacia, or Curl-old tree, and of
which a leafing branch with stipules was figured by Pluke-
net in the " Phytographia " in 1G96, as Acacia America/'"
. . . aculeis c<>rnv<t bovina referentibus. IMukenet does not
describe the flowers, but cites Hernandez' plant as a
January 1st, 1895.
synonym, relying, no doubt, on the similarity of the
spines.
In the following year, 1697, Commelin, " Hortus Medi-
eus Amstelodamensis " (vol. i. p. 209, t. 207), figures an
Arbor cornigera, and describes it as having a globose head
of flowers (as in A. sphserocephala) giving as the habitat
Cuba and Mexico. He does not figure the flowers, but as
he cites Breyn's "Prodomus Histories Plantarum Rario-
rum " (1680), in which the globose heads are mentioned,
he may have borrowed this particular from Breyn. Re-
ferring to the latter work, I find a good description of his
plant, flower, fruit, and seed, with a citation of Hernandez'
Arbor cornigera ; but he adds that Hermann had stated,
on the authority of an English nobleman versed in Her-
baria, that his (Breyn's) plant was not that of Hernandez ;
from which it maybe surmised that the English nobleman,
knowing the Hampton Court plant, regarded it, and not
Breyn's, as that of Hernandez. This would further render
it probable that the Hampton Court plant was, if either,
A, spadicigera.
In 1734. Seba, in his "Thesaurus" (i. p. 213, t. 70, f.
13) figures spines and leaves of an Acacia cornuta, and
cites Becchus (the compiler of the Botanical chapters in
Hernandez) for it; giving also Hernandez' native name,
Hoitzmamaxatl, together with his description of the ants,
&c. The figure answers to either species. He says it
was sent to him by a friend in the East Indies, no doubt
an error.
Linnaeus, in the " Hortus Cliffortianus " (1737, p. 208),
under Mimosa aculeis alarum geminate, cites for it Her-
nandez, Plukenet, Breyn, and Commelin, with Mexico and
Cubans habitats, but unaccountably overlooks the de-
scription of the flowers given by the two last named authors.
In 17o3 the twins were in the Species Plantarum, included
under Mimosa cornigera ; all previous authorities, except
Hernandez, being cited for it.
while overlooking his description of globose heads. WiUdj-
now, m " bpecies Plantarum " (iv. 1080) was, I think, tb«
nrst to refer Mimosa cornigera, Linn, to Acacia, describing
it as having flowers in cylindric spikes, and in this he is
followed by De Candolle in the Prodromus, both authors
citing Commelin, without looking at his description ; I
have found no work in which the two species were dis-
criminated earlier than the 9th edition (Martyn's, 1807) of
Miller's " Gardener's Dictionary," where one appears as
Mimosa, n. 49, with " flowers in cylindric spikes, yellow,"
and the other, n. 44, with •' spikes globular white." The
latter, he says, was sent to Europe in 1729, from Vera
Cruz, but was cultivated at Hampton Court in 1690.
Lastly, Charaisso and Schlechtendahl, in " Linna^a " (vol. v.
1830, p. 594) describe the two as Acacia spadicigera and
A. sphserocephala, names adopted by Bentham in his ex-
haustive monograph of Acacia, and which will, no doubt,
be retained; and that of A. cornigera, Willd., be sup-
pressed, having regard to the fact that, by citing Com-
melin, Willdenow virtually included both under it.
Reverting to Hernandez' figure or rather figures, for
there are two, it is possible that they pourtray both species,
their " horns " are identical ; but the leaves of the right
hand figure have short pinnas, with fewer pinnules, as in
A. spadicigera ; those of the left hand one have pinnae
twice as long, and very numerous pinnules, as in J.
sphserocephala. Which the Hampton Court species may
have been is doubtful. If Commelin's description
refers to it, it is A. sphaerocephala ; if the English noble-
man's opinion is worth anything, the plant w r as more pro-
bably A. spadicigera. In conclusion, it must be remembered
that there is a third Mexican Acacia, with similar horned
stipules, namely, A. Jiindsii, Benth., which differs from
A. spadicigera in having very slender spikes of flowers.
It may be one of Hernandez's two plants. It is a native
of the West Coast of Mexico, and hence less likely than
the others to have been introduced at an early date.
The plant from which the drawing of A. spadicigera is
taken was received from M. Linden of Ghent in 1882.
It is cultivated in a pot on a shelf in the Palm House,
along with two allied species, A. sphxrocephala and A.
Hindsii, both of which have large horn-like spines and
fleshy appendages on the tips of the leaflets. Of these
A t sphserocephala has since flowered, and a figure of it
has been prepared for this work. A. spadicigera flowered
in May of last year, but produced no ovaries in any of
the flowers examined. There are native specimens of it
in the Kew Herbarium from Mexico, Central America,
Panama, and St. Martha, in New Grenada.
Far more interesting than the synonymy of these horned
Acacias is the fact that when found they play a wonderful
part in the economy of nature, by housing and feeding a
tribe or tribes of ants which find their habitation in the
stipular thorns, and their food in the fleshy appendages on
the tips of the leaves ; a hospitality which they repay with
interest, by waging a successful war against the armies ot
leaf-cutting ants who would otherwise soon extirpate the
Acacias.
This curious subject was carefully studied by the late
observant Naturalist, Mr. Th. Belt, whose published
account of it is so interesting, that, feeling sure it will be
welcome to the readers of the " Botanical Magazine," I
herewith extract it. — J. D. H.
" These thorns are hollow, and are tenanted by ants
that make a small hole for their entrance and exit near
one end of the thorn, and also burrow through the parti-
tion that separates the two horns, so that one entrance
serves for both. Here they rear their young, and in the
wet season everyone of the thorns is tenanted; and
hundreds of ants are to be seen running about, especially
over the young leaves. If one of these be touched, or
a branch shaken, the little ants (Psewlomyrma bicol»r,
Ghier.) swarm out from the hollow thorns, and attack the
aggressor with jaws and sting. They sting severely,
raising a little white lump that does not disappear in less
than twenty-four hours.
"These ants form a most efficient standing army for
the plant, which prevents not only the mammalia from
browsing on the leaves, but delivers it from the attacks ot
a much more dangerous enemy— the leaf-cutting ants.
± or these services the ants are not only securely housed
by the plant, but are provided with a bountiful supply of
lood ; and to secure their attendance at the right time and
place, this food is so arranged and distributed as to effect
that object with wonderful perfection. The leaves are bi-
pinnate. At the base of each pair of leaflets, on the mid"
nb is a crater-formed gland, which, when the leaves are
young, secretes a honey-like fluid. Of this the ants are
very fond, and they are constantly running about from one
gland to another to sip up the honey as it is secreted.
But this is not all ; there is a still more wonderful pro-
vision of more solid food. At the end of each leaflet there
is, when the leaf first unfolds, a little yellow, pear-shaped
body, united by a point, and the ants are then continually
employed going from one to another examining them.
When an ant finds one sufficiently advanced, it bites its
small point of attachment ; then, bending it down, it
breaks it off, and bears it away to the nest. As these
ripen successively, the ants are kept about the young leaf
for some time after it unfolds ; and no caterpillar or larger
animal could attempt to injure them without being
attacked by the little warriors. The fruit-like bodies are
about j~ 2 in. long, and are about £ of the size of the
ants ; so that the ant bearing one away is as heavily laden
as a man bearing a large bunch of plantains. I think
these facts show that the ants are really kept by the acacia
as a standing army, to protect its leaves from the attacks
of herbivorous mammals and insects.
" The bull's-horn thorn does not grow at the mines in
the forest, nor are the small ants attending them found
there. They seem specially adapted for the tree, and I
have seen them nowhere else. Besides the Pseudomyrma,
another ant lives on these Acacias ; it is a small black
species of Crematog aster, whose habits seem to be rather
different from those of Pseudomyrma. It makes the holes
of entrance to the thorns near the centre of one of each
pair ; and it is not so active as that species. It is also
rather scarce ; but when it does occur it occupies the
whole tree, to the exclusion of the other. The glands on
the Acacia are also frequented by a small species of wasp
Polybia occidentalis) . I sowed the seeds of the Acacia in
my garden, and reared some young plants. Ants of many
kinds were numerous ; but none of them took to the thorns
for shelter, nor the glands and fruit-like bodies for food ;
for, as I have already mentioned, the species that attend
on the thorns are not found in the forest. The leaf-cutting
ants attacked the young plants and defoliated them ; but
I have never seen any of the trees out on the savannahs
that are guarded by the Pseudomyrma touched by them,
and have no doubt the Acacia is protected from them by
its little warriors. The thorns, when they are first deve-
loped, are soft, and filled with a sweetish, pulpy substance ;
so that the ant, when it makes an entrance into them, finds
its new house full of food. It hollows this out, leaving
only the hardened shell of the thorn. Strange to say, this
treatment seems to favour the development of the thorn,
as it increases in size, bulg-ing: out towards the base ;
whilst in my plants that were not touched by the ants,
the thorns turned yellow, and dried up into dead but per-
sistent prickles. I am not sure, however, that this may
not have been due to the habitat of the plant not suiting
it.
"These ants seem to lead the happiest of existences.
Protected by their stings, they fear no foe. Habitations
full of food are provided for them to commence house-
keeping with ; and cups of nectar and luscious fruits await
them every day. But there is a reverse to the picture.
In the dry season, on the plains, the Acacice cease to
grow. No young leaves are produced, and the old glands
do not secrete honey. Then want and hunger overtake
the ants that have revelled in luxury all the wet season ;
many of the thorns are depopulated, and only a few ants
live through the season of scarcity. As soon, however, as
the first rains set in, the trees throw out numerous
vigorous shoots, and the ants multiply again with astonish-
ing rapidity."— Belt., " The Naturalist in Nicaragua,"
p. 218 (1874).
A^fX? PinUUle; 2 ' P ° rtionof ^e with bracts «a
7396
Mfiri«l,IKFn^ ;,»>,
Tap, 7396.
OYETOPODIUM yieesobns, Reichb.f. d- Warm.
Native of Brazil.
Nat. Ord. Orchideje. — Tribe Vande*.
Genus Cyrtopodiem, Br. ; {Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 541,
partim, Mxcl. Cyrtopera, Bl.).
Cyrtopodium vivescens; pseudobulbis fusiformibus annulati?, foliis hyster-
anthiis anguste laneeolatis acuminatis, scapo elato, vaginis remotis
acotip, panicula multiflora, floribus basi dissitis, bracteis ovaria requanti-
bns oblongis acutis rubro punctulatis, floribus breviter pedicellatis 1 poll,
diam., sepalis late ovatis acutis petaliaque concoloribus ovato- rotunda tis
primulino-virescentibus purpureo guttatis, labello sepalis breviore carno-
sulo breviter unguicnlato ambitu quadrato crenato-undulato sub-
sequaliter .'5-lobo, lobis lateralibus auriculfeformibus rubro-purpurei«,
terminali 3-lobulato anreo rubro-guttato, disco inter lobos laterales cristis
erectis crenatis aucto, columna mediocri pallida guttata.
C. viresoens, Beichb. & Warm, in Edchb.f. O/i" Botcm. Hamb. p. 89. Warm,
in Ptdmuk. Meddel. Nat. Fr. Kjobenh. (Synth. Fl. Bras.) 18&4, p. 851,
t. 7, L i.
Of the American genus (Jj/rtopodium, about thirty
species have been described, but few have been introduced
into this country. Such as have been are very handsome
plants, especially G. punctatum, Lindl., figured at t. 3507
of this work, wherein also are represented C. Woodfordli,
Sims, t, 1814, and G. Andersonii, Br. t. 1800, the type of
the genus. All are terrestrial, pseudobulbous, and flower
before leafing. In the " Genera Plantarum " the genus
Gyrtopera is erroneously merged in it, as pointed out
under Plate 7330 of this work ; the latter genus being
referable to Eulophia, Br.
The only recorded locality for G. virescens is that where
it was discovered by Warming, namely, Lagoa Santa in
Brazil. The specimen here figured was obtained from
-Messrs. F. Sander & Co. of St. Albans, and flowered in
B warm house in the Royal Gardens in December, lfc93.
It matured its leaves in May of the following year.
Descf. — Pseudobulbs tufted, 3-4 inches long, fusiform,
terete, pale green, with 4-6 narrow purple rings. Leaves
about a foot long, by an inch broad, very narrowly lanceo-
Jaxi ary 1st, 1895.
late, acuminate, plicate, bright green. Scape two to four
ft. high, as thick as a goose-quill, green ; sheaths distant,
acute. Racemes one to two ft. high, many-fld. ; pedicels
very short, the lower sometimes two-fld. ; bracts three-
fourths to one inch long, oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
acute, as long as the ovary, the lowest green speckled
with red-brown. Flowers about an inch in diameter.
Sepals ovate, acute, and rounded petals pale primrose-
yellow, blotched with dark red. Lip fleshy, very shortly
clawed, quadrate in outline, with crisped subcrenate
margins, 3-lobed ; lateral lobes ear-shaped, dark red ;
terminal 3-lobulate, golden-yellow with dark red spots,
lobules rounded ; disk between the lateral lobes yellow,
with erect, parallel, crenate, fleshy keels. Column rather
stout, spotted. Anther 4-lobed ; pollinia globose, sessile
on a narrow, transverse membrane. — J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Lip ; 2, column ; 3, anther ; 4, pollinia : — All enlarged.
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Tab. 7897.
RICHARDIA Pentlakdii.
Native of Basutolancl.
Nat. Ord. AroidEjK.— Tribe Piiilodendre^.
Genus Richardia, Kunth; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 982.
Richakdia Pentlandii ; elata, foliis immaculatis ovato-cordatis caudato-
acuminatis sinu aperto, lobis rotundatis, costa crassa, spatha crocea late
infundibulari tertia parte laxe convoluta intua leviter rugulosa, ore
expansa, apice abrupte recurvo subulato, marginibus recurvis, ima basi
intus plaga atropurpurea picta.
R. Pentlandii, R. Whyte mss. Wats, in Gard. Chron. 1892, vol. ii. p. 123, and
1894, vol. i. p. 590.
Of the eight recorded species of Richardia (all of which
are African) five have now been figured in this magazine,
namely, the original R. sethiopica, Kunth. (Calla sethiopica,
tab. 832), G. albo-maculata, Hook. (tab. 5140), G. hastata,
Hook. (tab. 5176), G. melanoleuca (tab. 5765), and that
here represented. These fall naturally into two groups,
according as the leaves are cordate or hastate at the
base. To the first of these belong R. sethiopica and Pent-
landii ; to the latter R. albo-maculata, hastata, and melano-
leuca. The differences in their spathes are well marked,
that of sethiopica is white, narrow, with a long point ; of
Pentlandii as given above ; of albo-maculata, like sethiopica ;
of hastata, greenish yellow, broadly open, with a long
point, and of melanoleuca white with a purple base, broad,
quite open, or convolute, at the base only. The spadixes
of none afford good diagnostic characters. R. Pentlandii
is much the largest leaved species, is the only one with
a deeply gamboge yellow spathe within, which is much
the largest and broadest of any. The other recorded
species are all imperfectly known, namely, R. angustiloba,
Schott, of Angola, R. Rehmaniana, Engl., and R. Elliotti-
ana, Knigt (ex Wats, i Gard. Chron., July 30, 1892, p.
128), which may be a var. of albo-maculata.
Frbeuabt 1st, 1895.
For the following account of the introduction into
Europe, and of the native country of Richardia Pentlandii
I am indebted to the articles upon this plant by Mr.
Watson in the Gardener's Chronicle cited above. He says,
"This plant was introduced by Mr. Whyte, Pentland
House, Lee, who flowered it in May, 1892, and exhibited
it at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, when
it was awarded a First Class Certificate." Mr. Whyte
wrote in June, 1892, " I did not import this plant, but
about two years a^o a friend gave me six tubers, and said
I should probably find a yellow-flowered one amongst
them. Two flowered last year, and were only of the
ordinary type, the third is that which I have called
R. Pentlandii, and I think there will be another of this, or
of the other three. In May, 1892, Mr. E. E. Galpia,
F.L.S., a resident of Barberton, in South Africa, paid a
visit to Kew, and brought with him six tubers of a yellow-
flowered Richardia, whcih had been presented to him by
a gentleman in the Transvaal, who obtained them from
a Staats artilleryman, who got them from a Basuto chief
whilst on active service. One of those (that here figured)
is now (May, 1894), in flower at Kew, and proves to be
identical with Mr. Whyte' s R. Pentlandii.
Descr. — Leaves a foot long, subsagittately ovate-cordate,
caudate-acuminate, broadest across the rounded basal
lobes, which are separated by a rounded sinus, dark green
above, unspotted ; costa very stout ; nerves slender ;
petiole two feet long, terete, quite glabrous, dark green-
Peduncle longer than the leaves, dark green, quite glab-
rous. Spathe five to six inches high ; an inch to an inch
arid a half broad about the middle, and three to four
inches across the broad mouth, loosely convolute for two-
thirds of the height, then expanding into a broad, nearly
horizontal limb, with recurved margins, and suddenly
narrowed into a recurved, subulate tip; outer surface
canary-colrd., inner bright gamboge-yellow, and rugulose;
base within dark purple. Spadix two inches long ; ovaries
occupying a third of its length.— J. D. H.
Fip. 1 Base of spathe laid open and spadix ; 2, anthers ; 3, ovary.-^"
enlarged; 4, reduced view of whole plant.
^TLcerti^ra
Tab. 7398.
APH^REMA spicata.
Native of South Brazil.
Nat. Ord. Samydaceje. — Tribe Abatie.e.
Genus Aph^erema, Miers. ; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 799.)
Aph>erema spicata ; herbacea, erecta, fere glaberrima, caule terete, foliis
oppositis breviter petiolatis ovato-cordatis acuminatis serratis exstipu-
latis, rloribus parvis in racemum spiciformem raultiflorum terrninalem
erectnm puberulum dispositis aureis breviter pedicellatis, bracteis subu-
latis, alabastris globosis, petalis 0, sepalis 4 ovatis valvatis persistentibus,
staminibus 8-16 subperigynis filamentis filiformiUus antheris didymis,
loculis reniformibus, connectivo dilatato, ovario conico-ovoideo, placeutia
3-4 parietalibus multiovulatig, stylo perbrevi, stigmate obscure 3-4dobo,
capsula parva depresso globosa loculicide 3-4 valvi polysperma, seminibus
oblongis.
A. spicata, Miers. in Proc. R. ITort. Soc. vol. iii. (1863), p. 294.
Aphserema is a monotypic genus, founded on a plant
discovered in South Brazil in the province of S. Paulo in
1861-2 by Mr. J. Weir, when collecting for the Royal
Horticultural Society. It was described from Herbarium
specimens by the late excellent botanist, J. Miers, F.R.S.,
in the Proceedings of the said Society. Since that period
it has been collected, in so far as I am aware, by only one
other botanist, Dr. Fritz Miiller, who found it in the
Province of Sta. Catherina, which adjoins S. Paulo on the
south.
The specimen here figured agrees closely with Miers'
characters, except in respect of the stamens being more
than eight and up to sixteen, and the capsule being some-
times 4-valved, with as many placentrs. The genus is
very closely allied to Iialeighia, of Gardner, if, indeed, it
is not referable to it. The principal difference between
them appeared to consist in Ealeighia being stipulate,
whilst Aphserema is exstipulate ; for the more important
character of the former genus, that of the stamens being
very numerous and in several series, whilst Aphmrema
was supposed to have only eight, is invalidated by the
February 1st, 1895.
specimen here figured having sixteen. Nor is the stipular
character free from doubt. In the " Genera Plantar urn "
(i. 799) Bahighia is described, on Gardner's authority, as
having foliaceous, deciduous stipules. But this is an
obvious oversight, for Gardner describes the leaves as
exstipnlate, and so I find them in the specimen in the
Kew Herbarium, and so they are in tbe only other genus
of the tribe, namely, Abatia, and in a hitherto undescribed
species of Baleighia.
Descr. — A slender, glabrons shrub, or nndershrub ;
branches erect, terete. Leaves opposite, two to three
inches long, shortly petioled, ovate-cordate, obtusely acumi-
nate, crenate-serrate ; basal lobes rounded, sinus narrow,
light green above, paler beneath ; nerves six to eight pairs,
deeply impressed. Floioers in solitary, terminal, slender,
peduncled, nodding racemes, three to four inches long,
shortly pedicelled, J iu. broad, golden yellow ; buds
globose ; bracts snbulate. Calyx four-partite ; lobes trian-
gular-ovate, valvate. Petals 0. Stamens 8, 12, or 16,
perigynous ; filaments slender ; anthers yellow, didymous.
Ovary broadly conico-ovoid, 3-4-celled ; style short, stigma
obscurely lobed ; ovules numerous, on three or four parietal
placentas, anatroprous. — J. D. H.
"Fig. 1, Rachis of spike, bract, and bud; 2, flower; 3 and 4, stamens;
5, ovary; 6, the same in transverse section; 7, fruiting raceme ; 8, capsule;
9, transverse section of do. ; 10, immature seed :— all but tig. 7 enlarged.
Vincent "Broolc,
■ ,-
Tab. 7399.
aloe beaohystachts.
Native of Zanzibar.
Nat. Ord. Liliajoe^e. — Tribe Aloine.e.
Genus Aloe, Linn. ; (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.)
Aloe brarliystachys ; candice elongato simplici, fnliis dense rosulatis ensifor-
mibns sesquipedalibus vel bipedalibus pallide viridibus imtnaculatis,
aculeis marginalibus deltoideis concoloribus magnitudine raediocribus,
pedunculo nexuoso elongate-, racemo detiso simplici, pedicellis eloagatis
ascendentibus apice articulatis, bracteis orbicularibus parvis, perianthio
cylindrico pallide rubro apice viridi, lobis lingulatis tubo brevioribus,
staminibus demum breviter exsertis.
This new Aloe was sent by Sir John Kirk in 1884 to
the Royal Gardens, Kew, from Zanzibar. It flowered for
the first time in the Succulent House in January, 1894,
and proved to be a new species. It belongs to the true
Aloes, with a long caudex, and dense rosette of ensiform
leaves. Its nearest allies are A. abyssinica (Bot. Mag. t.
6620), and the Angolan A. littoralis, Baker, which has
not yet been brought into cultivation. The number of
Aloes known in Tropical Africa has increased very largely
of late years.
Descr. — Caudex long, slender, erect, simple. Leaves
about twenty, crowded together at the top of the stem,
all except the youngest drooping, ensiform, one and a half
or two feet long, two inches broad above the dilated base,
narrowed very gradually to the point, bright green, smooth
on both surfaces, unspotted, a quarter of an inch thick in
the middle ; marginal prickles deltoid, middle-sized, not
brown at the tip in the cultivated plant. Peduncle simple,
very flexuose, about as long as the leaves. Raceme dense,
simple, oblong, half a foot long ; pedicels ascending, an
inch long, articulated at the tip ; bracts orbicular, much
P'ebruary 1st, 1895.
shorter than the pedicels, pale green, with 5-7 distinct
brown stripes. Perianth cylindrical, an inch and a
quarter long, pale pink, tipped with green; lobes lingulate,
shorter than the tube. Stamens finally shortly exserted.—
/. G. Baker.
Fig. 1, A flower, cut open; 2, stamens; 3, ovary, all enlarged; 4 whole
plant, much reduced.
Tab. 7400.
CEPHALANTHUS natalknsis.
Native of S. E. Africa.
Nat. Ord. BuBUCUL — Tribe Naucle,£.
Genus Cepiiai.antiius, Linn.; (Benth. & Ilook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 30.)
CephaLaxthus nafalemis; fruticulus ramosissimus, ramulis pednnculisqne
hirtello-tomentosis, foliis breviter petiolatis ovatis acutia obtusis v.
obtuse acuminatis, stipulis parvis triangularibus, capitulis nutantibus,
bracteolis calycis tnbo brevioribus clavatis ciliatis dorso glandnliferis,
calycia tubo brevi, limbo 5-dentato puberulo sinubua eglandulosis,
corolla; tubo gracili glabro superae infundibulari, limbo obliquo intUI
lobisque 5 brevibus ovatis pulirscentibus, antheris vix exsertin, connec-
tivo apice producto, stylo exserto, stigmate clavato, capitulis maturis
succulentis.
C. natalensis, Oliver in H(»)k. I>\ PL vol. xiv. p. 22, t. 1331.
halanthus natalensis is the only described African
species of the genus, all others being Asiatic and Ameri-
can ; a supposed Madagascar congener being referable to
the allied genus Adina, which has more than one ovule in
each ovarian cell. One species, 0. occidentalis, Linn., the
American Button-wood or Button tree, was early intro-
duced into this country by Peter Collinson, in 1735. It is
a very common North American shrub, extending across the
whole continent, and remarkable as being the only woody
plant of the vast natural order to which it belongs, that is
a native of temperate North America. As far as I am
aware no properties of economic value have been attri-
buted to any species of the genus, except the present, to
the seeds of which the name of Quinine fruit was attached
by the sender; and the fruit of which is edible.
' . natalensis is a native of the mountainous regions of
Natal, the Transvaal, and Basutoland, at elevations of
3000 to 4-5000 ft. It was discovered by the collector
Gerrard about .forty years ago, and has since been col-
lected by Dr. Atherstone, and by Messrs. Medley Wood
and E. E. Galpin, the latter of whom describes the fruit
Fkrki'arv 1st. 1895.
as resembling a strawberry, and edible. It was first intro
duced by Mr. Bull, who sent a specimen to Kew, to be
named as a plant yielding a good edible fruit. The plant
from which our figure was made was raised from seed
received in 1886 from W. J. Horn, Esq., of Ousley Road,
tfalham, who collected the seeds with those of various
other interesting plants, notably the showy Protect rJio-
dantha, figured t. 7331. Mr. Watson informs me that it
lorms a compact little shrub, and flowers freely in spring in
the lemperate House of the Royal Gardens.
Descr.—A small, much-branched shrub, with rather
stout terete, hirtellous branches and branchlets. Leaves
about an inch long, ovate, acuminate, acute, or rarely
obtuse, dark green, glabrous and shining above, pale be-
neath with red midrib and nerves, and with hairy glands
at the axils of the nerves and midrib. Flowers very
numerous, m globose, terminal, peduncled heads, one to
one and a half lncheg . n diameter . peduncle one tQtm
Z,T th? t0n ^ decurved > hirtellous, bearing one or two
IZlu a ^ raCts> Cal y ces minute > densely packed,
rlnvnf 0I l a J rece P tacle > surrounded by several short,
7 J'^; Clhat ;e bracteoles, each of which has an
ovir^ ?"!? 5 lan ^ tube 0f cal r x Produced above the
i^ch W f l ' ClUate - C ° rolla ab ° ut one-third of an
middle +h» if r ? 8e * red . g^brous, slender below the
within « tt t 0V T df ? arrowl J funnel-shaped, pubescent
filaments Z 1 ? • lthln the mouth of the corolla;
obW IZH ^^ lnSerted at the entire base of the
celled stv e I' f 01 ™**™ shortly produced. Ovary 5-
ffi^S^^' eX t erted ' Sti ^ a ol^ate ; ovules one in
U ' P endul0 ^. Fruit succulent, edible.-/. D. H.
fsta^cal^ceHnd^^ of the nerve and
head, with 3 ovaries, one Tatl'J'i "ii °? of P ortiou of the receptacle of the
at the base of the two oth P r It • ^'Showing the ovules, also the bracteoles
laid open :— AU enlarged 3 ; ' a bra °teole ; 5, upper part of corolla
MSW.JNPH
: ■ Brool«.D»y
Tab. 7401.
MUSA HILLII, F. Muell
Native of Queensland.
Nat. Ord. Scitamine.e. — Tribe Muse,e.
Genus Musa, Linn.; {Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. in. p. '355.)
Musa (Eumusa) Hillii ; caudice elato robusto stolonifero, foliis longiuscule
petiolatis lineari-oblongia patulis basi cuneatis, spica valida erecta densi-
flora, bracteis ovatis cymbiforrnibus flavo-viridibus apicibus obtusis
brunneis, fl. masc. perplurimis 2-pollicaribus, calycis leviter curvi dentibus
brevibus obtnsis lateralibus majoribus appendice fusiformi ruguloso in-
structis, corolla lineari-oblonga subacuta, fl. fern, ovario ovoidei 3-gono
perianthio masculo breviore, stigmate majusculotrilobo, baccis densissime
confertis ovoideis 3-gonis truncatis, seminibus perplurimis parvis angulo-
sis valde depressis.
M. Hillii, F. Muell. Fragment, vol. ix. p. 169. Baker in Ann. Bot. vol. vii.
p. 217 in Gard. Chron. 1893, ii. p. 743, in Kew Bulletin, 1894, pp. 239, 24G.
Four species of Plantain are now known to inhabit
tropical Australia, all of them endemic, namely, M. Bcmksii,
F. Muell. Fragm. vol. iv. p. 132 (M. BanJcsiana, Kurz in
Journ. Agr. Hort. Soc. Ind. N.S. vol. v. (1878), p. 164);
M. Fitzalani, F. Muell. I.e. vol. ix. p. 188 ; M. Charlioi,
W. Hill, Rep. Brisbane Bot. Gard. 1874 (undescribed),
and that here figured. Whether any of these are identical
with described species from the Malay or the Pacific Islands
is not determinable until these are better known ; and as it
is only by comparison under cultivation, or by very care-
fully executed drawings that the members of this noble
genus can be determined, it will probably be many years
before this can be realized. Much has been done of late
towards a knowledge of the Plantains and Bananas by
summaries of the known species which have been drawn up
by Mr. Baker, and published in the " Annals of Botany,"
and by a paper in the Kew Bulletin, both cited above. From
these it appears that about thirty-five species are more or
less known, though possibly some of them are synonymous,
or founded in error. Of these nineteen are now in culti-
vation at Kew, but only six of them have hitherto been
figured in this magazine.
February 1st, 1895.
Seeds of M. Hillii were received at Kew from F. M.
Bailey, Esq., F.L.S., Colonial Botanist, Queensland, in
March, 1889, from which the plant here figured was raised.
It flowered in the Palm House of the Royal Gardens in
December, 1893.
Descr. — Gaudex attaining 30 ft. in height, and 18 inches
in diameter at the base, stoloniferous, cylindric. Leaves
as of M. sapientum, attaining 15 feet in length, base
cuneate ; petiole long. Spike erect, three to four feet
high, cylindric. Bracts six inches long and upwards,
ovate, obtuse, pale yellow-green, with a brown tip. Male
fl. very many in a bract, two inches long, narrow, slightly
curved, sub 4-angled, pale yellowish. Oalyx-teeth short,
obtuse, two lateral rather the largest, these and the median
tipped terminating in thickened rugose spindle-shaped
prolongation of the midrib ; two intermediate much the
smallest. Petals linear-oblong, obtuse, one-fourth shorter
than the corolla. Anthers pale pink, about as long as the
filaments. Fem. fl. pentandrous. Perianth shorter than
in the male. Ovary short, ovoid, 3-gonous ; style clavate,
stigma three-lobed. Fruit two to two and a half inches
long, sessile, ovoid, acutely angled, truncate, fleshy. Seeds
very many, £-X in. diam., much depressed : testa black.—
J. D. H.
Fig. 1 Male flower ; 2, the same, with the calyx narrowed ; 3, anther, all
enlarged, ; 4, bract and male flower; 5, fem. flower; both of nat. sine;
b, reduced view of whole plant.
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Tab. 7402.
HEPTAPLEURUM venulosum, var. erythrostachys.
Native of tropical Asia.
Nat. Ord. Araliaceje.
Genus Heptapleurtjm, Gsertn. ; (Benth. & HooJc.f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 912.)
Heptapleurtjm venulosum; arbor parva erecta v. frutex eubscandens, ramulis
robustis, foliis digitatis longe petiolatis, foliolis 7-9 petiolulatis elliptico-v.
ovato-oblongis obtusis acutis v. obtuse subcaudato-acuminatis glaberrimis,
basi cuneatis rotundatisve, supra lsete viridibus nervulis reticulatis promi-
nulis, stipulis ima basi petioli adnatis, paniculse amplse pedunculo gracili
v. robusto brevi v. elongato, ramis verticillatis glabris puberulisve,
capitulis florum breviter v. longius pedunculatis, floribus 4-5-meris
brevissime v. longius pedicellatis subpolygamis calycis patellar irmis
limbo obscure dentato, petalis calyptratim cohajrentibus obtusis, stami-
nibus 4-5, ovario disco tumido coronato, stylo depresso obscure 4-5-lobo,
baccis parvis ovoideis flavis 4-5-locularibus.
H. venulosum, Seem, in Journ. Bot. iii. (1865), 80. Brand. For. Ft. N. W.
& Centr. Ind. p. 249. Kurz For. Fl. Brit. Burm. i. 533. Clarke in
Sooh.f.Fl. Brit. Ind. ii. 729. Benth. Fl. Austral, iii. 334. Beddome
Foresters Man. 8. India, p. cxxii.
H. ellipticum, Seem. I. c.
PAKATROPiA.venulosa, Wight & Am. Prodr. Fl. Penins. Ind. Or. p. 377.
Wight Illustr. PI. Ind. Or. vol. ii. p. 62, t 118. F. Muell. Fragmented,
vol. iv. p. 121.
P. elliptica v. macrantha, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. i. p. 756.
Hedera macrophylla, terebinthacea et venosa, Wall. Gat. n.n. 4918, 4920
parti m, 4923.
Sciadophyllum ellipticum, Blume Bijdr. p. 878. DC. Prodr. vol. iv. p. 260.
Aralia digitata, Boxb. Hort. Beng. p. 22 ; Fl. Ind. vol. ii. p. 107.
A. Moorei, F. Muell. 1. c. vol. ii. p. 108.
UnjaLA, Bheede Hort. Malab. vol. vii. t. 28.
Var erythrostachys, paniculae robustae ramis ramulis petalisque rubellis
pedunculis pedicel lisque brevibus.
Under the name of H&ptapleurum venulosum, one or
more large species of the genus, ranges from Kumaon, in
the subtropical Western Himalaya, eastwards throughout
the range, to Burma, and southwards in moist forests to
Malabar, the Circars, and Singapore; thence extending
March 1st, 1895.
to the Malayan Islands and tropical Australia. It has
not, however, been detected in Ceylon. As might be
expected, with so wide a range, it varies much in habit,
and in the size of the leaves and flowers, and it is very
possible that more than one species is included under the
above name. Amongst the very large series of Indian
specimens that I have examined, I find the greatest
differences (and they are very great) to be in the stout-
ness or the contrary of the rachis and branches of the
panicle, in the length and stoutness of the peduncles of the
head of flowers, and of the pedicels of the flowers them-
selves. In the Himalaya the peduncles and pedicels are
for the most part as represented in the plate, but m
Malabar, Burma, Penan g, and in Wight's figure all the
ramifications of the panicle are very slender and distinct,
the peduncles attain an inch long, and the pedicels half an
inch. The flowers, too, vary greatly in size. In no case
do I find any note of the colour of the panicle and its
ramifications being red, as in the plant here figured ; in
all that I saw in the Himalaya and Khasia Hills, I
remember no colour but green. Wight, however, figures
these as violet-blue, and the flowers as green.
I regret not being able to give the native country of
var. erytkrostachys. The specimen figured is from a plant
cultivated in the Temperate House of the Royal Gardens,
presented by M. de Falbe, Danish Minister, from the
Villa Valetta, Cannes. It flowered in April, 1894. The
species is, as Mr. Watson informs me, not uncommon in
such gardens as can afford it house-room, but it seldom
flowers.
Descr. — A small, diffusely branching tree, or bush, with
rooting lower branches, or sometimes a woody climber ;
branchlets stout, dark green, dotted with white. Leaves
alternate; petiole 4-8 inches long, terete; leaflets 7-9i
whorled, 5-7 inches long, elliptic- or ovate-oblong, obtuse,
acute, or subcaudately obtusely acuminate, base cuneate
or cordate, reticulate on both surfaces ; petiolule 1-1J »*•
Panicle on a short, stout, slender peduncle, glabrous or
puberulous; branches subverticillate, 3-6 inches long,
stout or slender, spreading, bearing throughout their
length, peduncled, globose heads of flowers about H i "'
diam. Flowers minute, polygamous; pedicels short or
long Calyx broadly cupuiar, margin obscurely 5-toothed.
Petals short, obtuse, cohering in a deciduous operculum.
Stamens 4-5. Disk tumid, with an obscurely 4-5-lobed
very depressed central style. — /. D. H.
Fig. I, Flower; 2, the same with the operculate corolla raised; 3, flower
with the petals removed ; 4, calyx, ovary and disk showing the style ;
5, vertical section of ovary : — All enlarged.
KSdeiJKRtd-Jjth
VH**nt-Bwol*»?*.
Tab. 7403.
disa sagittalis.
Native of South Africa.
Nat. Ord. Orchidejs.— Tribe Ophryde.e.
Genus Disa, Berg. ; [Benth. & Sooh.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 6 30.)
Disa (Coryphaaa) sagittalis ; foliis synanthiis, radicalibus pluribus oblanceolatis
acutis, caule erecto vaginis acutia membranaceis arete vestito, racemo
oblongo cylindraceo v. subcorymbiforme, floribus patentibus puberulia
pallide lilacinis, bracteis ovario brevioribus, sepalis lateralibus oblongis
acutis, postico erecto e basi tubuloso repente in laminam patularn alte
2-lobam recurvam dilatato, Iobis cuneatis basi tortis,calcare recto elougato
conico, petalis erectis linearibus basi extus in auric ulam magnamdilatatis,
labello lineari undulato, rostello brevi rotundato concavo, polliniarutn
glandula 2-loba.
D. sagittalis, Sic. in Kongl. YetensJc. Acad. Nya Handl. vol. xxi. (1800),
p. 252. Lindl.Gen. Sf Sp. Orchid, p. 350. Bolus Ic. Orchid. Austro- African,
i. t. 32.
Orcbis sagittalis, Linn.f. Suppl. p. 399.
Satyrium sagittale, Thunh. Prodr. PI. Cap. p. 5.
No genus of terrestrial Orchids requires for its satis-
factory elucidation good drawings and analysis more
than does Disa ; for the species are very numerous, and
the structural differences and complicated features of its
column and sepals are greater, I think, by far, than
in any other genus of the Order. To which must be added
the difficulty of describing, in intelligible language, the
irregular and often bizarre and even deceptive characters
of these organs, which, in dried specimens especially, are
apt to lead the systematist far astray. Considering his
materials and opportunities, Lindley's work on the genus
in his " Genera and Species of Orchids," is remarkably
skilful ; but until Mr. Bolus took the field and published
his masterly researches in the " Orchids of the Cape Penin-
sula " and " Icones Orchidearum Austro-Africanarum "
hardly a dozen of the 109 described species could be
said to be satisfactorily known.
, Disa sagittalis is figured and described in the last men-
tioned of Mr. Bolus' works, and a comparison of his
results with those given in our figure shows a remarkably
March 1st, 1895.
perfect agreement in all essentials of structure. The
chief differences are, the greater luxuriance of the cul-
tivated specimen, its more numerous suberect, oblanceolate
bright green leaves, its reticulated sheaths on the brown
stem, its pale lilac sepals and petals ; also the spur of
its posticous sepal is rather longer and narrower, and the
lamina is quite entire. The species is referred to the
section Goryphma, both by Lindley and Bolus, in which
there should be two glands of the pollinia, whereas a
single 2-lobed one is (correctly) represented in Bolus
figures and in that here given. D. sagittalis is a native of
both the South Western and South Eastern regions of
South Africa, extending in the East to Natal. The
specimen represented was sent to the Royal Gardens by
H. J. Elwes, Esq., F.L.S., from his gardens at Coles-
borne, Andoversford, which have contributed so many
rarities to this work, and amongst them more terrestrial
Cape Orchids than has any other contributor. It flowered
early in May of the present year.
Descr. — Tuber fusiform. Leaves radical, 2-4 inches
long, oblanceolate, bright green. Stem 6-8 inches high)
dark brown, clothed with membranous, acute, reticulate
sheaths. Flowers few or many, minutely puberulous, in a
subcorymbiform raceme ; about § of an inch long from
the tip of the lip to that of the dorsal sepal, pale lilac,
with red streaks on the petals and lip ; pedicel spreading,
with the ovary an inch long ; bracts shorter than the
ovary. Sepals, lateral oblong, acute, deflexed ; posticous,
erect, tubular below, and produced into a straight, conical,
acute spur, expanded above, and 2-lobed, lobes twisted at
the base, fan -shaped, with the margins recurved and entire.
Petals erect, linear, with each a broad, rounded basal
auricle. Lip linear, waved. Column very short, depressed,
with a short, broad, rounded, concave rostellum. Gland
of the pollinia 2-lobed. Ovary straight. — /. D. H.
al •
Fig. 1, Flower seen in front and 2 from the back; 3, posticous sepal;
4, petals and lip, 5 dorsal and 6 lateral view of column. ; 7, pollinia >— *
enlarged.
7404.
'.' Pitch lath
V,n C , J rtBrook,,nay&SoAb«P
Tab. 7404.
VERONICA LOGANIOIDES.
Native of New Zealand.
t
Nat. Ord. Scrophularine.e. — Tribe Digitals.
Genus Veronica, Linn. ; (Be?dh. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 964.)
Veronica (Hebe) loganioides ; fruticulus humilis, basi decumbens, dein
erectus, ramis virgatis, cortice fusco, ramulis pedunculisque laxe pilosis,
foliis \-\ poll, longis laxe densiusve imbricatis patenti-recurvis ovatis
acuminatis crassiusculis carinatis viridibus integerrimis v. utrinque
pauci-denticnlatis, floribus in racemulis ad apices ramorum corymbose
congestis dispositis oppositis brevissime pedicellatis, bracteis ovato-
oblongis calycibus brevioribus glaberrimis, sepalis oblongis obtusis
carinatis ciliolatis, corolla | in. diam. alba, tubo brevissimo, lobis ovato-
rotundatis, filamentis mediocribus, antberis pallidis, ovario glaberrimo
apice 2-lobo.
V. lo<?anioides. Armstr. in New Zrahl. Country Journal, vol. iii. et in Trans.
New Zeafd. Imstit. vol. xiii. (1881) 3b2, and p. 359.
Veronica loganioides is described by its author as " a
most singular plant, quite different in appearance from
any known Veronica * * * the corolla seems to
approach that of V. linifolia, but the aspect of the plant
is more that of V. tetragona, though the leaves are not
connate at the base." And he adds, " until the fruit is
obtained the position and relationship cannot be deter-
mined." Judging from the ovary, I think that it may be
safely referred to the section Hebe, or the subgenus
Korronika of Armstrong, which includes all the Hebes,
except those with scale-like, appressed leaves, to which he
has given the subgeneric name of Pseudo-Veronica. Its
nearest affinity is probably with V. epacridea (" Handb. of
N. Zeald. Flora," p. 213), a prostrate, tortuous species,
with uniform small leaves in opposite pairs, and free at
the base ; which species, however, differs widely, having
broadly, obovate-oblong obtuse leaves, and a corolla with
a long tube. Mr. Armstrong describes the corolla of
1 . loganioides ns white, with pink stripes; but in all the
March 1st. 1895.
cultivated specimens that I have seen they are pure white.
It appears to be a very rare plant, a native of the Southern
Island, and the only native specimens in Kew Herbarium,
were sent to Kew by Thos. Kirk, Esq., F.L.S., of Wel-
lington. Mr. Armstrong gives as habitats the Rangitata
Valley, where he collected it himself, and the Clyde
Valley, alt. 5-6000 ft., Mr. W. Gray.
The specimen figured flowered in the Rockery of the Royal
Gardens, in June, 1893, and the same plant has been
received from the Royal Gardens of Edinburgh, under the
name of V. epacridea.
Descr. — A dwarf shrub, six to twelve inches high, with
many slender, terete, erect branches from a decumbent
base. Stems hardly as thick as a crow-quill, branched
above, naked, but annulate with scars below, leafy above,
as are the branches. Leaves quadrifarious, in opposite,
rather close-set pairs, about one-sixth of an inch long,
erecto-patent, ovate-lanceolate, subacute, coriaceous,
keeled, dull green, shining. Flowers sessile, small, in sub-
terminal opposite, corymbiform spikes ; peduncle one half
to two-thirds of an inch long, sparsely hairy ; bracts
lanceolate, shorter than the calyx. Calyx segments erect;
linear-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, margins ciliolate. Corolla
one-fourth to nearly one-third of an inch in diam., white;
tube not longer than the calyx ; posticous and lateral lobes
orbicular-ovate, posticous rather the largest; anticous
much the smallest, ovate. Filaments about as long as
the corolla lobes ; anthers oblong, erect, pale. Ovary
glabrous, style slender.— J. D H
*ltj]-lta?iaZd° n ° f SPik6; 3 ' CaljX and Styl6; 4 a Qd5 > antberS;
6, ovary -.—All enlarged
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CONTENTS OF No. 603, MARCH, 1895
Tab. 7402.— HEPTAPLEUKtTM VENULOSUM.
t ; 7403— DISA SAGITTALIS.
M 7404.— VERONICA LOGANIOIDES.
n 7405.— WELDENIA CANDIDA.
n 7406.— SCHINUS DEPENDENS.
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Tab. 7405.
WELDENIA Candida.
Native of Mexico and Guatemala.
Nat. Ord. CommelinacejE. — Tribe Tbadescantie^.
Genus Weldenia, Schult. ; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 855.)
Weldenia Candida ; herba erecta, puberula, tuberosa, caule simplici folioso,
foliis linearibua oblongisve acutis subsessilibus basi angustatis subtus
alte 5-oo-coatatis, costis puberulis pallide viridibus supra concavis
fasciculis pilorum raris albis conspersis, vagina laxa cylindracea mem-
bran acea, floribus terminalibus fasciculatis sessilibus albis, calycis tubo
superne risso, limbo 5-fido puberulo, corollae tubo elongato gracili calyce
duplo longiore, limbi ampli segmentis 3 orbicularibus patentibus,
staminibus 6 filamentis gracilibus exsertis, antheris oblongis, ovario
tlineari-oblongo 3-loculari, stylo filiformi, stigmate 3-lobo, ovulis in
loculis paucis subbiseriatim superpositis.
. Candida, Schult f. in Flora, vol. xii. (1829), p. 3, t. i. A. Roem. & Sck.
Si/st. vol. vii. p. 1136. Hassle. Commel. Ind. p. 3. Baker in Journ.
Linn. Soc. vol. xvii. p. 454. Clarke in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. vol. iii.
p. 319. Kew Bulletin (1894), p. 135.
W. Schnltesii, Schleclit. Hort. Salens, p. 14.
Lampra volcanica, Benth. PI. Hartweq, p. 95 ; & in Hook. Ic. Plant, vol. xiii.
p. 28, t. 1236.
Rugendasia majalis, Ehrenb. mss.
The remarkable plant here figured, which is monotypic,
was discovered by Ehrenberg, between Chico and Beal
del Monte in Mexico ; Karwinsky subsequently found it
in the Nevado de Tolucca, and Schiede on the Cuesta de
Catingoa. Hartweg, in 1840, collected it in the crater of
the Volcan de Agua in Guatemala, and specimens from
the same locality have lately been received at Kew from
J. Donnell Smith, Esq., an excellent botanist. The fol-
lowing account is given in the Kew Bulletin cited above.
" Last year Mr. Audley C. Gosling, Her Majesty's Minister
to Central America, informed us that his sons had " made
the ascent of the Volcan de Agua, and at the bottom of
the crater had found bulbs of the plant which Mr. Donnell
Smith informs me is Weldenia Candida. ... I have
planted these bulbs here, and they flower to perfection at
9000 ft. lower altitude than where found. The daily
March 1st, 1895.
range of the thermometer in this city (Guatemala) is from
9°-22° centigr. (48°-71° Fahr.), and in the crater of de
Agua it is from —6° to 11° centigr. (21°-51° Fahr.). If you
have not the plant in cultivation, I shall be happy to send
you some bulbs. Mr. Gosling's offer was gladly accepted,
and in September, 1893, the plants were received at Kew,
where they flowered in April in a cool greenhouse."
Descr. — Tubers very many, tufted, narrowly fusiform,
2-3 inches long, fleshy. Slems 1-8 inches high, as thick
as a swan's quill or less, simple or divided, leafy at the
tip, the leaves passing below into tubular, hyaline, striate
pale sheaths. Leaves 2-6 by £— J in., crowded towards
the top of the stem, spreading and recurved, from oblong
to linear, or narrowly oblanceolate, acuminate, ecostate
nerveless smooth above, and glabrous, except for a
few small scattered superficial tufts of white cellular
hairs ; beneath pubescent on five or more prominent ribs ;
sheath loose, cylindric, membranous. Flowers sessile, in
terminal tufts amongst the leaves. Calyx an inch long,
tubular, pale green, split to about the middle, tip with 3
very narrow teeth. Corolla pure white; tube twice as
long as the calyx, slender, cylindric, white ; limb one and
a half inches in diameter, 3-partite ; segments orbicular,
spreading. Stamens 6, inserted at the mouth of the
corolla, filaments slender, about half as long as its lobes ;
anthers basiiixed, horizontal, ovate-oblong, yellow, base
cordate, slits lateral. Ovary sessile, columnar, 3-groved,
3-celled; style filiform; stigma exserted, 3-lobed, lobes
papillose ; ovules few in each cell, biseriately superposed.
— J. D.E.
Fig. 1, Epidermis of leaves with tufts of hairs ; 2, hairs from the same j
o, tip of calyx ; 4, stamen ; 5, stigma : 6, ovary ; 7, the same, with one cen
exposed:— A lien Urged.
7406.
MS del. J.N Fitch uth
Tab. 7406.
schinus dependens.
Native of South America.
Nat. Ord. Anacardiace^e. — Tribe Anacardie.*.
Genua Schinus, Linn. ; {Bentfi. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. 1. pp. 422, 426.)
(Schinus et Duvaua.)
Schinus (Duvaua) dependens; frutex ramis strictis flexuosisve extimis spino-
sis, foliis parvis breviter petiolatis oblongis obovatisve glaberrimis
integerrimis v. serrato-dentatis, floribus polygamis in racemos axillares
folia subaequantes dispositis, bracteis ovatis minutis ciliolatis 1-2-floris,
alabastris globosis, calyeis lobis ovatis ciliolatis, petalis obovato-oblongis
unguiculatis, ovario globoso glabro, drupis globosis.
S. dependens, Ortega, Decad. vol. viii. p. 102. L. March. Anacard. p. 164.
Engler in Mart. Fl. Bras. 387, et in Alph. DC. Monog. Phanerog. vol. iv.
p. 339, 538.
S. Hnygan, Molina, Saqq. Chili. Ed. I. 169, 355.
S. Bonplandianus, L. March. I. c.
Duvaua dependens, DO. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 74. Kunth in Diet. Sc. Nat. Tc. t.
47. Hook. Bot. Misc. vol. iii. p. 176. C. Gay Fl. Chil. vol. ii. p. 42.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1573.
D. ovata et D. longifolia, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1568, et vol. xv. (1843), t. 59.
D. dentata, DO. Prodr. I. c.
D. cuneata, et D. inebrians, Gill, ex Hook. & Am. in Hook. Bot. Misc. vol. iii.
p. 176.
D. fasciculata et D. proecox, Griseb. in Goett. Abhandl. vol. xix. (1874),
p. 116.
D. ornata (sphalm. pro ovata) Philipp. f. Cat. PL Vase. Chil. p. 47.
D. polygama, Kunth in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. i. vol. ii. p. 340.
D. spinescens, Tenore Cat. Ort. Nap. p. 85.
Amyris polygama, Cav. Ic. vol. iii. p. 20, t. 239.
Professor Engler, in his able monograph of the Anacar-
diaceae, has shown that the long-established genus Duvaua,
of Kunth, can only be regarded as a subgenus of the older
Schinus. Though previously placed wide apart in the
Order, the only character by which they could be separated
was that of leaves simple in Duvaua and compound in
Schinus, which of itself is insufficient for the establish-
ment of two genera.
March 1st, 1895.
8. dependents has a very wide range in the west coast
of South America, from Valdivia in latitude 40° S. to 19°
S. in Bolivia, where it ascends to 13,000 ft. elevation.
It also extends over a great portion of the Argentine
Republic, Paraguay and Uruguay. Its northern limit in
the east coast of America is the province of Rio Grande
do Sul, in the extreme south of Brazil. According to
the late Dr. Gillies (confirmed by. C. Gay) the Indians
of the Mendozan Andes distil an intoxicating liquor from
the fruit. The bark yields a balsam used as a vulnerary,
and other parts of the plant afford medicines formerly
much in use in Chili. Its native name is Huingan.
8. dependens was introduced into the Garden of the
Royal Horticultural Society before the year 1833, when it
was figured in the "Botanical Register" by Lindley, who
states that it will not bear the climate of London without
protection from frost, but would probably succeed in
crevices of rocks in Devonshire and Cornwall. The
specimen here figured is from a plant raised at Kew from
seeds sent from the Botanical Gardens of Santiago, Chili,
in 1885 ; and which has proved to be perfectly hardy. It
flowers in May.
Descr.— A shrub or small tree, 12-15 ft. high, abun-
dantly flowering, with rigid branches, spinous at the tips ;
or with more or less drooping branches in favourable
situations; bark brown. Leaves one-third to nearly ODe
inch long, very shortly petioled, oblong or obovate, more
or less coriaceous, quite entire or more or less toothed,
dark green above, pale beneath. Flowers yellow, h in *
diam., produced in great numbers of axillary, very shortly
peduncled racemes, about as long as the leaves ; bracts
minute, ovate, ciliolate, 1-3-fld. ; pedicels about one-
twelfth of an inch long, glabrous. Calyx minute, 4-lobed ;
lobes rounded, ciliolate. Petals obovate-spathulate, spread-
ing. Stamens in the male fl. nearly as long as the petals,
anthers large ; in the female reduced to minute staminodes.
Dish urceolate, 8-10 lobed. Ovary glabrous. D^P
pisiform.— J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Portion of raceme and flowers : 2 and 3, stamens ; 4, disk :— M
enlarged.
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HANDBOOK OF THiTbRITISH FLOEA:
A Description of the Flowering Plants and Ferns Indigenous
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ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE BRITISH FLORA:
A Si
7407.
■
Tab. 7407.
MACARANGA Porteana.
Native of the Philippine Islands.
Nat. Ord. Euphohbiace.e. — Tribe Crotonej:.
Genus Macaranga, Thou. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 320.)
Macaranga (Eumacaranga) Porteana: caule erecto cylindraceo cicatricato,
foliis amplis longe petiolatis peltatis orbiculari-ovatis acutis calloso-
crenulatis ciliolatis supra laste viridibus nervis aureis, immaturis supra
araneosis, subtus rufescentibus puberulis costa nervisque validis viridi-
bus, nervulis transversis perplurimis elevatis rubris, stipulis maximis
oblongis erectis cymbiformibus pallide fla vo-virescentibus, paniculis
axillaribus petiolo brevioribus breviter pedunculatis roseis hie illio folii-
feris, bracteis primariis (basi ramorum inferiorum) pollicaribus ovato-
lanceolatis acutis, superioribus linearibus, floralibus parvis cymbiformibus
incurvis, bracteolis linearibus incurvis obtusis, floribus minutis sessilibus,
masculis perplurimis polyandris, femineia hermaphroditisve ad apices
ramulorum raris, perianthii segmentis ovatis, staminibus confertis,
antheris 4-lobis, ovario oblongo, stylis 2 elongatis subulatis stigmatosis.
M. Porteana, E. Andre in Rev. Sortie. (1888), p. 176, fig. 36.
Mappa Porteana, Hort. ex W. Wats, in Gard. Chron. (1894), vol. ii. p. 284,
cum Ic. et Suppl. (1894) Sept. 8th.
As grown in a large pot standing in the tank of the
Victoria House at Kew, this forms one of the most
stately attractions of the many noble plants that sur-
round it. From a stout erect stem four-and-a-half feet
high, clothed above with the large erect, pale stipules,
are given off long bold, bright green petioles, two to three
feet long, supporting peltate leaves, nearly three feet
broad, of a lustrous dark satin green colour above, traversed
by golden nerves ; beneath the young leaves are of a rusty-
red hue, beautifully reticulate, with strong green nerves,
and innumerable transverse parallel red nervules ; the
older leaves are uniformly pale green beneath. The in-
florescence, consisting of axillary panicles, is of pale red,
insignificant flowers.
Macaranga is a large tropical genus, consisting of
upwards of eighty species, confined to the old world,
and chiefly Malayan. M. Porteana was discovered in the
Philippine Islands by M. Marius Porte, a French Botanist,
April 1st, 189o.
who collected there in 1860-5, and by him it was introduced
into the Jardin de Plantes, Paris, whence a young plant was
sent to the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1892. The latter was
only a foot high when received, but grew so rapidly as
to attain the dimensions mentioned above by April, 1893,
when it flowered.
Descr.—Stem woody, 4-4^ ft. high in the plant figured,
erect, cylindric, dark brown, marked with triangular scars
of fallen leaves. Leaves at the tip of stem, peltate,
orbicular-ovate, acute, crenulate, dark green above, with
golden nerves, young rosy beneath ; petiole two to three
feet long, horizontally spreading, stout, terete, green ;
stipules three to six inches long, free, concave, lmear-
oblong, acute, erect, very pale yellowish green, with
rusty-brown withering edges and tips. Panicles axillary,
shorter than the petioles, erect, pyramidal, laxly-branched,
pale reddish, bearing here and there on the rachis small,
ovate, acute, deeply toothed, reddish leaves, which are not
peltate ; bracts at the base of the lower branches an inch
long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave, upper gradually
smaller. Flowers sessile on the suberect branches of the
panicle, bracteate and bracteolate, all male, except an
occasional terminal fern, or bisexual ; floral bracts \ in-
long, boat-shaped, incurved, acuminate, 1-2-fld. ; bracteoles
two, lateral, much smaller than the bracts, linear, obtuse.
Male pl. ; sepals 3, ovate ; stamens numerous, filaments
shorter than the sepals ; anthers 4-lobed, 4-celled. Fm.
FL. ; perianth of the male ; stamens fewer ; ovary oblong,
with two long subulate styles. — J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Portion of branch with male inflorescence ; 2, male branch,
bracteoles and flowers ; 3, male flowers ; 4 and 5, stamens ; 6, tip of branch
with four male and a bisexual terminal flower :— All enlarged.
740$.
1K„~«„< Rr.lo'kS.D^y*'
Tab. 7408.
SAINTPAULIA ionantha.
Native of Eastern tropical Africa.
Nat. Ord. Gesnerace^e. — Tribe Cyktandreje.
Saintpaulia, Herm. Wendl. in WittmacJc Oartenflor. vol. xlii. (1893), p. 322,
t. 1391, and Abbild. 66.
Saintpaulia ionantha; acaulis, hirsutula, foliis petiolatis ovato-v. oblongo-
cordatis obscure crenatis apice obtusis v. rotundatis, pedunculis radicalibus
ascendentibus, floribus paucis cymosis nutantibus, alabastris pendulis,
sepalis 5-7 linearibus obtusis, corollse extus pubescentis tubo brevissimo,
limbo subrotato violaceo 2-labiato, labio superiore bilobo lobis rotundatis
inferiore paullo majore 3-lobo lobis obovato-rotnndatis, staminibus 2
ore constricto corollae insertis, filamentis crassiusculis, antberis conniven-
tibus reniformi-rotundatis apicibus cobaarentibus, staminodiis 2 minimis
posticis, disco angusto annulari, ovario- oblongo 1-loculari hirsuto,
placentis iDtrusis contiguis furcatis secus ramos revolutos ovuliferis,
stylo brevisculo gracili, stigmate simplicii.
Saintpaltlia ionantha, Herm. Wendl. ; in Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ort. (1894), p.
13, f. 1 ; in Rev. Hort. Belg. (1894), p. 109, cum Ic. Neub. Garten.-Mag.
(1894), p. 362, fig. 97.
It does not often happen that a plant newly introduced
into Europe can claim the honour accorded to the subject
of this plate, of being within two years of its flowering
figured in five first-class horticultural periodicals. Over
and above its attractiveness it is interesting as being one
of the few ornamental plants that have been intrqduced
from the hilly regions of Eastern tropical Africa. 'It was
discovered by Baron Walter von Saint Paul, whose father,
Hofmarschal Baron St. Paul, of Fischbach in Silesia,
President of the Dendrological Society of Germany, has
kindly sent me the following account of its habitats, &c. :
■ — " The Saintpaulia was discovered by my son, who lives
in East Africa, where he own3 plantations of Vanilla and
india-rubber trees. It was found in two localities; one
about an hour from Tanga, in wooded places, in the
fissures of limestone rocks, as well as in rich soil with
plenty of vegetable matter. This place is not more than
fifty to one hundred and fifty feet above the sea level.
The second place is in the primeval forest of Usambara,
April 1st, 1895.
likewise in shady situations, but on granite rocks, two
thousand five hundred feet above the sea. It is muck
more plentiful in the former place. Several varieties have
been discovered that differ slightly in colour of the
flowers, but all are blue." Seeds were sent to his father
by Baron Walter ; from these plants were raised by Dr.
Wendland at Herrenhausen, which flowered in 1893, and
were exhibited at the International Horticultural Exhibi-
tion, held in that year in Ghent.
The specimen figured here was raised from seeds
obtained from a continental nurseryman, and flowered in
the Royal Gardens in July, 1894, under Gloxinia treat-
ment.
The affinity of Saintpaulia is, according to Mr. C. B.
Clarke, who has monographed the Cyrtandrese, to be re-
garded as doubtful, until the ripe fruit is known. In habit
and floral characters it perfectly agrees with Boea, Comm.,
a tropical Asiatic genus ; but in that the capsule is long,
slender, and twisted, whereas in Saintpaulia, judging from
the immature fruit (fig. 7) it would appear to be short and
straight.
Descr. — A perennial, stemless, hirsutely pubescent herb.
Leaves one and a half to two inches long, shortly
stoutly petioled, ovate- or oblong-cordate, obtuse, crenate,
dark green, basal sinus closed ; nerves few, spreading,
deeply sunk on the upper surface, much raised beneath.
Flowers in stoutly peduncled cymes, nodding ; pedicels one
half to one inch long ; bracts small, narrow. Sepals 5-7,
linear, obtuse, erect, green. Corolla an inch in diameter,
subrotate, pale blue ; tube much shorter than the sepals ;
limb bilabiate; upper lip 2-lobed, much the smallest;
lower spreading, lobes ■ all orbicular, concave, ciliolate.
Stamens 2, inserted in the contracted mouth of the tube ;
filaments short, stout ; anthers shortly exserted, didymous,
conniving ; staminodes minute conical projections in the
throat of the corolla. Ovary ovoid, hirsute, style filiform,
stigma purple. Ovules many, on the revolute arms of two
parietal placentas. Capsule ovoid, hairy. — /. J). H.
Kg. 1, Calyx and style; 2, tube of corolla laid open and stamen; 3, ovary
and disk; 4, transverse section of ovary; 5, hair of margin of corolla;
6, ovules; 7, immature fruit i—All enlarged.
del J.KFiich
Vbacnt.Brookspay*
Tab. 7409.
IXIANTHES EETZIOIDES.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Nat. Ord. Sckophclarine.e. — Tribe CiiELONEiE.
Genus Ixianthes, Benth. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 937.)
Ixianthes retzioides; frotex erectus, hirsatus, folios u s, foliis subverfcicillatim
confertia erectis lineari-oblanceolatis acntis serratis rigidis, floribus
axillaribns, pedicellis brevibua 2-bracteatis, calycis labio snperiore 3-fido,
inferiore 2-fido, lobis brevioribus Ianceolatis acutis, corollas salphnreae
viscido-puberulas tubo inflato gibbo, labio superiore 2-fido erecto lobis
rotnndatia, inferiore patente 3-fido lobis oblongro-rotnndatis, 8taminibus
2 corollas basi insertis inclusis, antberarum loculis divaricatis, staminodiia
2-3, stylo incluso apice emarginato, capsula ovoideo-tetragona septicida,
seminibus curvis.
I. retzioides, Benth. in Hook. Comp. Hot. Mag. vol. ii. (18.16), p. 53 ; in DC.
Prodr. vol. x. p. S35. Harv. Thes. Capens. vol. i. t. 99. Macotcan in
Gard. Chron. (1889), vol. i. p. 136, f. 19.
Ixianthes retzioides is described by Professor Macowan,
F.L.S. (writing from Capetown) in the above-cited article
in the Gardener's Chronicle, as one of the rarest of Western
Cape plants. He says of it, " It appears to have been
gathered by our predecessors Ecklon and Zeyher, and
long afterwards by the late Dr. Pappe, who died in 1862.
Mr. Robert Templeman, a nurseryman here, found a soli-
tary plant in 1882 or 1883, and my colleague, Bolus,
dropped upon the very same one some year or so after-
wards, when it was almost destroyed by the cutting of a
"water- furrow. I have hunted for other examples every
summer since. This year, after my return from an unsuc-
cessful raid, the farmer, on whose property the locality is,
found a small colony of the shrub, some examples being
five feet high, and magnificently in flower. It grows
almost in water." There are specimens of it in the Kew
Herbarium from both Ecklon and Pappe, and from
Messrs. Macowan and Bolus. The latter give as its habi-
tat, by streams in the mountains near the waterfall of
Aphil 1st, 1895.
Tulbagh, alt. 1200 ft. " rarissima." Ecklon gives also
the county of Worcester, which adjoins Tulbagh on the
S.E., as a habitat. ISTo others are recorded. Prof. Macowan
has sent to Kew dried specimens of a white-flowered
variety, with the leaves rather more acutely serrated.
The plant here figured was raised from seeds sent in
1891 to the Hoyal Gardens, Kew, by Prof. Macowan,
Government Botanist at Capetown, and which flowered
in a cool greenhouse in June, 1894. Mr. Watson in-
forms me that good plants of it were growing in the
open air during the summer months, but that they would
not survive the cold of an English winter.
Descr. — A branching, leafy shrub, attaining seven feet
in height, all parts except the interior of the corolla pubes-
cent. Leaves alternate, densely subverticillatedly crowded,
3-4 inches long, by about one-third of an inch broad ;
sessile, very narrowly oblanceolate, acute, serrate beyond
the middle, greyish green above, paler beneath ; nerves
short, slender, spreading. Flowers 1-3, on short axillary
peduncles. Calyx three-quarters of an inch long, glandular-
pubescent, obscurely 2-lipped, deeply 3-lobed, with the
posticous (or upper lip) broadest, and 3 -fid at the tip ; the
others lanceolate, acute, all valvate. Corolla sulphur-
coloured, glandular-pubescent externally ; tube gibbously
inflated, two-thirds of an inch long ; limb one and a half
inch broad, 2-lipped, 5-lobed ; lobes orbicular-obovate,
nearly equal; two upper erect, three lower spreading,
mouth transversely oblong. Stamens two, included, in-
serted at the very base of the corolla-tube, with two or
three interposed setiform staminodes ; filaments slender,
glabrous, incurved; anthers didymous. Ovary oblong,
glandular-pubescent ; style filiform, stigma purple. Cap-
sule ovoid, acute, septicidal, many-seeded. Seeds curved,
testa lax. — J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Calyx laid open, showing the two lateral lobes and one of the three
connate dorsal lobes ; 2, base of corolla, stamen, and staminodes from the
specimen figured; both enlarged; 3, the same from native specimen :—AU
enlarged.
r -n
M.S.delJU. FltjChllth
BrnoVs
Tab. 7410.
PIPTOSPATHA Ridleyi.
Native of the Malay Peninsula.
Nat. Ord. Akoidejs. — Tribe Philodendreje.
Genns Piptospatha, N. E. Br.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii.
p. 855.)
Piptospatha Ridleyi ; acaulis, foliis petiolatis elliptieo-laneeolatis acutis
apicibus tubulosis, supra viridibus pallide marmoratis, aubtus pallidiB,
nervia primariis utrinque 6-8 rabrie, nervulis tenuissimis, petiolo
vaginisque lanceolatis rubro-fuscis, pedunculo petiolo multo longiore
rubro-fusco, spatha nutante ovoidea apice repente rostrato recurvo,
dimidio inferiore luride viridi, superiore roseo striato et punetafco, spadice
brevi basi annulo organorum neutrorum cincto, parte mascula apice
rotundata feminea? axjuilonga, antheris sessilibus quadrato-oblongis
locnlis lateralibus angustis poris terrainalibus dehiscentibus, connective)
crasso apice hemisphterico, ovario ovoideo, stigmate pulvinato, ovulis
basilaribns.
P. Ridleyi, N. E. Br. mss.
The genus Piptospatha was established in 1879 by Mr.
N. E. Brown in the Gardener's Chronicle, upon a Bornean
plant, P. insignis, which has been figured in this Magazine
(Tab. 6598) ; the generic name taking precedence by one
year of Engler's Ehynchopyle. It belongs to the tribe
Philodendrex of Aroidese, and is distinguished by the
nodding spathe, the limb of which is calyptrately deci-
duous from the tube, the latter forming a funnel-shaped cup
around the fruiting spadix ; by the prolonged connec-
tive of the anthers, which in P. insignis forms a conical
horn ; and by the unilocular ovaries with basilar or sub-
basilar erect ovules. The seeds of the species in which these
have been seen, are remarkable for the testa being produced
into a tail longer than the nucleus. P. Ridleyi differs
from P. insignis, in the greater size of the broader foliage,
in the connective of the anthers forming a pubescent hemi-
sphere, and in the orbicular stigma distinct from the crown
of the ovary. The other described species are P. elongata,
N. E. Br., and P. marginata, N. E. Br., both Bornean,
and published in Engler's " Bot. Jahrb.," i. (1881), 184,
Apkil 1st, 1895.
and figured in Bee cari's "Malesia" (under Rhynchopyle),,
and there are yet others in the Kew Herbarium hitherto un-
described. As with other tribes of obscure Malayan Aroids,
natives of dark tropical forests, they are overlooked by col-
lectors in search of showy plants of horticultural interest ;
and it is only when their native habitats are visited by such
experienced botanists and travellers as Dr. Beccari, in
the Malayan Islands, and Mr. Ridley in the Peninsula,
that they are likely to be procured for scientific purposes.
Piptospatha Bidleyi is a native of Johore, in the southern
extremity of the Malay Peninsula. It was sent to the
Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1893, by the botanist whose
name it bears, the Director of the Garden and Forest
Department of the Straits Settlements. It flowered in the
Tropical House in June of the same year, and continued
in flower all the summer.
Descr. — Basal sheaths of stem lanceolate, acuminate,
and like the petioles a dark vinous red. Leaves erect,
six to eight inches long by two broad, elliptic-lanceolate,
acute at both ends, dark green above, with pale blotches
between the eight to ten pairs of ascending nerves ; dull
pale green beneath, with slender midrib nerves, and a
narrow, intramarginal nerve ; petiole about half the length
of the blade, grooved in front. Peduncle about as long as
the leaves, pale reddish brown, as thick as a small goose-
quill. Spathe two inches long, nodding or decurved,
ovoid, with a short, upturned beak, closed, except at the
apex ; base dull green, upper half or more, pink, with
slender, darker nerves and dots. Sjmdiv sessile, about
one-quarter the length of the spathe, cylindric,top rounded;
flowers densely packed; male portion as long as the
female, the latter subtended by a ring of minute, clavate
neuters. Anthers quadrately oblong ; cells lateral, opening
by minute, terminal pores ; connective hemispheric, pubes-
cent. Ovaries ovoid, 2-celled ; stigma sessile, disciform ;
ovules many, basal erect, orthotropous. — J". D. II.
Fig. 1, Top of peduncle and spadix ; 2 and 3, antherB ; 4, nenter or g a . n //'
5, ovary ; 6, the same cut lengthwise, and 7, transversely ; 8, ovules : *
enlarged.
No 605.
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+"**■'■: - |
74]
Tab. 7411.
MAGNOLIA PARVIFLORA.
Native of Japan.
Nat. Ord. Magnoliace.e. — Tribe Magnolie^.
Genus Magnolia, Linn.; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 18.)
Magnolia parviflora ; arbor, ramulis pubescentibus, foliis deciduis petiolatig
elliptico-ovatis cuspidatis immarginatis basi rotundatis subtus pallide
viridibus puberulis, nervis utrinque 5-7 arcuatis impressis, floribus foliis
coetaneis longe pedunculatis 3|-4 poll, diam., sepalis 3 oblongis pallide roseis
demum reflexis, petalis ad 6 late obovatis concavis albidis, staminibus
numerosis incurvis, filamentis antheras lineari-oblongas sanguineas
sequantibus, gynostegio oblongo breviter stipitato, carpellis paucis.
M. parviflora, Sieb. 8f Zucc. in Abh. Akad. Muench. vol. iv. pt. 2 (1843), p. 187.
Miq. Prolus.Fl. Japon. p. 146. Franc/i. <Sf Sav. Enum. PI. Japon. vol. i.
p. 16. Rev. Sort. Belg. (1891), p. 44, 45. Walp. Ann. i. 956. Zeituke
Ito, Descr. Plant. Bot. Gard. Koishikaiva (Tolcio Sort. Bot.), vol. i. t. 13.
Kwa-wi Arb. vol. iii. fol. 8. Phonzo Zufou, vol. 82, fol. 9, 10.
Oyama Renga, Jap.
Under Magnolia Watsoni, I have in this Magazine (Tab.
7157) alluded to M. parviflora, and indicated the differences
between these two species, which consist in the small size
of all the parts of the latter, the few nerves of its leaves,
and the long peduncle of its flowers ; to which may be
added the absence of the yellow margin of the leaves, and
the fewer carpels.
M. parviflora is a native of the alpine region of the
Japanese island of Nippon, and is recorded from Mounts
Hakone and Hego-san B and from the foot of the volcano
of Wunyen. The plant from which the drawing is made
was purchased in 1893, from the Yokohama Gardener's
Association. It flowered in June, 1894, in the Temperate
House of the Royal Gardens, Kew.
Descr. — A small tree ; branches rather slender, glabrous ;
branchlets pubescent. Leaves four to six inches long, mem-
branous, oblong or obovate-oblong, shortly obtusely cuspi-
date, glabrous above, pubescentbeneath, base rounded, nerves
five to six pairs, light green above, much paler beneath
April 1st, 1895.
with yellowish nerves, margins green ; petiole three-fourths
of an inch long, green, pubescent. Flowers long-peduncled,
three and a half to four inches in diam. ; peduncle one to
two and a half inches long. Sepals three, oblong, pale
rose-colrd., glabrous. Petals about six, obovate, very con-
cave, white. Stamens very many, strongly incurved;
anthers about equalling the filaments, blood-red, tips
obtuse. Carpels few, lanceolate, adnate to the axis of the
gynophone. Ovules two. — J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Portion of under surface of leaf; 2 and 3, stamens; 4, young
carpel : — All enlarged.
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BOTANICAL MAGAZINE.
CONTENTS OF No. 604. APRIL, 1895.
Tab. 7407.— MACARANGA PORTEANA.
„ 7408— SATNTPATJLIA IONANTHA.
?i 7409.— IXIANTIIES RETZIOIDES.
„ 7410.— PIPTOSPATHA RIDLEYI.
„ 7411.— MAGNOLIA PARVIFLORA.
L. Reeve & Co., 6, Henrietta Street, CoTent Garden.
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Tab. 7412.
KNIPHOFIA Northtje.
Native of Oape Colony.
Nat. Ord. Lili/lcem. — Tribe Hemerocalle.33.
Genus Kniphofia, Moench. (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 775.)
Kniphopia Northise ; breviter caulescens, foliis 30-40 dense rosulatis lanceo-
latis acuminatis recurvatis glaucescentibus e basi ad apicem Bensim an-
gustatis, dorso indistincte cannatia margine crebre denticulatis, pedunculo
valido foliis multo breviore, racemo densissimo oblongo, pedicellis
brevissimis clavatis, bracteis ovatis navicularibus pedicello Iongioribus,
periantbio subcyliudrioo supra ovarium leviter constricto citrino ante
antbesin rubro tincto, lobis brevibus obtusis, staminibus longe exsertis,
stylo staminibus longiore.
K. Northise, Baker in Journ. Hot. 1889, p. 43 ; in Gard. Chron. 1891, vol. ii.
p. 66.
This is the most robust and aloe-like of all the species
of this favourite genus. From its nearest ally, K. caides-
cevs, Baker (Bot. Mag. tab. 5946) it may be easily distin-
guished by not having any raised keel on the back of the
leaf. It was first brought into notice in this country by
Miss Marianne North, who painted it (see the North Gallery,
No. 367) and brought home a plant which she presented to
the Royal Gardens at Kew. We are informed by Mr. E.
Tidmarsh, the Curator of the Botanic Garden at Grahams-
town, that it was first found in a wild state in the neigh-
bourhood of that town by Mr. W. Dugmore. It was
brought to Kew by Miss North in 1883, and flowered for
the first time in the Succulent House in July, 1889.
Plants were distributed from Kew, and one of these
flowered with Mr. W. E. Gumbleton in County Cork in
1891. For two years a large group of it has been planted
out in the open air at Kew, on the south side of the
Orchid House, the plants being only protected in winter
by a few dry leaves being placed round their collars.
Under these conditions it grows freely, and this year
every plant has flowered, so that it may be considered as
hardy in favourable situations in the south of England
May 1st, 1895.
and Ireland. Oar drawing was made from a plant that
flowered at Kew in June, 1894.
Descr. — Stem shortly produced below the rosette of
leaves, two or three inches in diameter. Leaves thirty or
forty in a dense rosette, lanceolate, acuminate, glaucous,
four or five feet long, five or six inches broad near the
base, narrowed gradually to a long point, without any
acute keel on the back, strongly and closely denticulate
on the edges. Peduncle very stout, much shorter than
the leaves. Raceme dense, oblong, half a foot to a foot
long ; pedicels very short, deflexed, clavate ; bracts ovate-
navicular, longer than the pedicels. Perianth subcylindri-
cal, constricted a little above the ovary, an inch or rather
more long, pale yellow when mature, in an early stage
more or less tinged with red; lobes short, suborbicular,
obtuse. Stamens half as long again as the perianth.
Ovary ovoid ; style very long, overtopping the anthers.—
J. G. Baker.
Fig. 1, Margin of leaf; 2, flower, with pedicel and bract; 3, pistil, all
enlarged ; 4, whole plant, much reduced.
74 13
Tab. 7413.
VACCINIUM ERYTHROCARPUil.
Native of the Alleghany Mountains.
Nat. Ord. Vacciniace^.— Tribe Euvaccinie#.
Genoa Vaccinium, Linn. (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 573.)
Vaccinium (Oxycoccoides) erythrocarpum, ; fruticulus ramis divaricatis,
ramulis puberulis, foliis deciduis ovatis ovato-oblongisve acuminatis
serrulatia sinubus setiferis supra setulosis venosis, floribus solitariis
axillaribus longe pedicellatis pendulis, calycis tubo obconico limbo
brevissime 4-dentato r corolla rosea alabastro conica, tubo brevi, lobis 4
loriformibus revolutis, filamentis villosis, antheris elongatis puberulis
dorso medio bicalcalcaratis, baccis globosis demum nigricantibus.
"V. erythrocarpum, Miclm. Fl. Am. Bov. vol. i. p. 227. A. Gray Fl. N. Un.
St. ed. v. p. 290; Synopt. Fl. N. Am. vol. ii. pt. i. p. 25. Chapm. Fl. S.
Un. Si. p. 259.
Oxtcoccus erectus, PursJi Fl. Am. Sept. vol. i. p. 264. DC. Prodr. vol. viii.
pars ii. p. 577. Wats. Dendrol. Brit. vol. i. t. 31. Loud. Arboret.
Brit. p. 1171, fig. 994.
O. erythrocarpus, Pets. Synops. vol. i. p. 419.
A. remarkable whortleberry, uniting by the structure of
its flowers, the deciduous leaved species of Vaccinium
proper, in which the corolla is ovoid, with the true
Oxycocci or cranberries, which have persistent leaves, and
a corolla divided nearly to the base into long narrow at
length revolute lobes. This has led to differences of
opinion regarding the position of V. erythrocarpum, and
the validity of Oxycoccus as a genus differing from Vacci-
nium. Michaax, who, I believe, discovered, and who first
described the plant, placed it in Vaccinium, while Persoon,
and following him Pursh, referred it to Oxycoccus. Asa
Gray, the highest authority for North American plants,
reduced Oxycoccus, including V. erythrocarpum, to a section
of Vaccinium, distinguishing the latter from the other
Oxycocci, the Cranberries by its habit and deciduous leaves.
Lastly, in the Genera Plantarum, V. erythrocarpum is
retained in Vaccinium, with the sectional characters of the
corolla, whilst Oxycoccus is restored for the two cranberries
(0. palustris and 0. macrocarjms), which differ from all
Abv 1st, 1895.
Vaccinia in their mode of growth, and in the flowers being
produced on erect terminal pedicels from bracteate buds.
V. erythrocarpum is a native of the higher Alleghanies,
from Virginia to North Carolina, where it grows gre-
gariously, flowering in July. I do not find that it has a
native name. It was introduced into England in 1806
by Messrs. Loddiges. The specimen here figured was
from a plant raised from seeds sent by the late Dr.
A. Gray from Harvard Botanical Gardens in 1886, and
which flowered in the Arboretum of the Royal Gardens
in June, 1894. The fruit, which is of a bright red when
immature, and ripens to a blue-black, is slightly acid and
insipid.
Descr. — A shrub three to four feet high, with spreading
terete branches, and puberulous branchlets. Leaves one
and a half to two inches long, subsessile, deciduous, ovate
or ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, serrulate, with minute
bristles on the upper surface, and in the angles between
the teeth, base rounded or subacute, upper surface dark
green, with sunk veins, under paler, with strong nerves
and reticulate nervules ; young leaves tinged with red.
Flowers solitary in the axils of almost every leaf, half an
inch long, pendulous from slender, minutely bibracteolate,
pedicels one-fourth to two-thirds of an inch long. Calyx
obconic, terete ; limb minutely 4-toothed. Corolla conic
in bud, deeply four-lobed, the lobes linear and revolute.
Stamens as long as the corolla-lobes, cohering in a trun-
cate, erect cone ; filaments very short, hairy, orange-red ;
anthers slender, pubescent, with two short, dorsal, spread-
ing horns about the middle ; tubes long, connate. Sty* 6
stout. Berry at first red, ripe blue black, half an inch in
diameter, smooth, many-seeded. — J. D. II.
Fig. 1, Portion of upper surface of leaf; 2, flower ; 3, calyx and style; 4 and
5, stamens : — All enlarged.
74 n
Tab. 7414.
argylia canescens.
Native of Chili.
Nat.Ord. Bignoniace^.
Genus Abgtlia, B. Don. ; (Benth. & Rook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 1043.)
Argtlia canescens ; caudice erecto cylindraceo, caules annuos erectos ascen-
dentesve simplices ramososve laxe foliatos pilosos subapice emittentes
foliis altemis diatantibas longe petiolatis pubescentibus rotatim 7-
foliolatis, foliolis petiolulatis ovatis bipinnatifilis lobis ultimis brevibus
obtusis, floribus apicem versus caalis subcapitatim corytnbosis breviter
pedicellatis additis pancis diseitis, bracteis lanceolatis pedicellos
subajquantibus, sepalis linearibus obtusis laxe villosis, corollae aureaa
pubescentis tubo infundibulari-campanulato intus rubro striato, limbi vix
bilabiati lobis 5 subasqualibus late obovatis retusis, capsula lineari
rostro erecto.
A. canescens, D. Don in Edinb. K. Phil. Journ. (Apr.- June, 1829), p. 88.
G. Don Gen. Syst. vol. iv. p. 229. DC. Prodr. vol. ix. p. 235. C. Gay
Fl. Chil. vol. iv. p. -141.
A. radiata, Endl. Iconog. vol. xii. p. 71.
Argylia is a very remarkable genus of Bignoniacese, con-
fined ibo the Andean region of Chili and Peru. About
twenty species have been described, but so imperfectly
that it is impossible to say how few or many of them are
really distinct. The genus was founded on a plant figured
by Louis Feuillee,* in his "Journal des Observations
physiques mathematiques et botaniques, faites par ordre
du Eoi, sur les Cotes Orientales de 1' Amerique Meridional,
et dans les Indes Occidentales, depuis 1707-1712," pub-
lished in 1714, with fifty plates of plants. Amongst the
latter is an Argylia, a native of Peru, which differs from
A. canescens in the broader, more entire leaflets, the long
tube of the corolla and other characters. The genus was
named in honour of Archibald Campbell, third Duke of
Argyle (who died 1761), a great lover of plants, and the
introducer of many American trees and shrubs into
Whitton Park, Tsleworth, for many years his residence, of
* A notice of the Life and Labours of Friar Feuillee will be found under
tab. 7249, Pasithca cocrulca.
Mai 1st, 1895.
which the greater part were transferred on his death to
Kew, but some still remain.
The genus is here for the first time figured from a
specimen cultivated in Europe. It was presented to the
Royal Gardens, Kew, by Thomas King, Esq., of Garnett
Hill, Glasgow, in 1892, along with a collection of bulbs
and seeds from Valparaiso. It flowered in a cool house
in July, 1893, and again in 1894. The plant is not un-
common in Chili, from the latitude of Concepcion to that
of Coquimbo, ascending to 7000 feet on the Andes.
Descr. — Candex several inches high, cylindric, three-
quarters of an inch in diam. or more, contracted at the
apex, emitting from near the top annual leafing and
flowering stems ; bark pale, covered with transverse scars.
Flowering stem strict, erect, twelve to eighteen inches high,
simple or branched, as thick as a goose-quill, terete, green,
pubescent. Leaves alternate, distant ; petiole four to eight
inches long, pubescent, terminated by a whorl of pubes-
cent, broadly ovate bi-tri-pinnatifid petiolulate leaflets,
two to three and a half inches long, the segments of which
are narrow and obtuse. Flowers subcorymbosely disposed
on the summit of the stem, with a few distantly scattered
lower down the stem ; bracts lanceolate, green, half an
inch long, about as long as the pedicels, softly hairy, as is
the calyx. Sepals one-third of an inch long, linear, obtuse,
erect. Corolla golden-yellow, with blood-red interrupted
streaks in the throat opposite the three lower lobes ; tube
nearly one inch long, glandular-pubescent, narrow at the
base, then dilated and sub-campanulate ; limb one and
a quarter to one and a half inch in diam., lobes subequal,
broadly obovate, retuse. Stamens 4, didynamous, included
in the corolla tube, inserted at the tip of the narrow por-
tion ; staminode minute styliform. Dish naked, 4-lobed.
Ovary oblong, shortly stipitate, pubescent ; style slender,
stigma of two ovate lamella?. Capsule four inches long,
deflexed, narrow, cylindric, with a long, subulate, Btraigbt
beak. Seeds many, minute, subdidymously orbicular,
beautifully striate. — J. B. D.
Fig. 1, Calyx, style and stigma; base of tube of corolla laid open, with
stamens and staminode; 3, anther; 4, disk and ovary; 5, capsule (ot tue
natural size) ; 6 and 7, seeds :— All but tig. 5 enlarged.
:4k
Tab. 7415.
VERONICA Heotobi.
Native of Neiv Zealand.
Nat. Ord. Scrophularine,e. — Tribe Digitale.e.
Genus Veronica, Linn.; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 964.)
Veronica (Hebe) Hectori ; fructiculus robustus, ramosus, rainnlis elongatis
erectis teretiusculis, foliis per paria connatis appresse imbricatis l*te
ovatis v. orbiculari-ovatis obtusis crassis pinctulatis dorso convexis
ecarinatis, junioribus ciliolatis, floribus in capitula terminalia aggregatis
axillis, summis sessilibus, bracteis foliis conformibus sed panllo latioribus,
sepalis lineari-oblongis obtasis ciliatis, corollas albas tubo calyce vix
longiore, limbi lobis 3 oblongis obtusis, antico angustiore, antheris
rubro purpureis, ovario glaberrimo, capsula sepalis aequilonga.
V. Hectori, HooJc. f. Handh. N. Zeald. Flora, p. 212. Armstr. in Trans. New
Zeald. Institute, vol. xiii. (1885), p. 352.
V. Hectori belongs to the group of New Zealand Speed-
wells, which includes V. lycopodioides (tab. 7338), V.
tetragona (Hook. Ic. PL t. 580), and a few others,
characterized by the short, thickly coriaceous, scale-like,
densely imbricating leaves, often united by thin bases into
a two-lipped cup. In most of the species of this group
the branches are more less tetragonous, from the leaves
being dorsally keeled, but in V. Hectori the branches are
nearly terete, from the leaves being dorsally rounded.
From both the above-named species V. Hectori differs in
the very small flowers and broader sepals.
The discoverers of this species, which is confined, as far
as is known, to the Alps of Otago, in the southern province
of the Southern Island of New Zealand, were Sir James
Hector, F.R.S., and Mr. Buchanan, who describe it as the
largest shrub at elevations of 7000 to 8000 feet in the
Lake district, growing about two feet in height; and also
as forming low, rigid, spreading patches, which "crackle
under the feet." In its native country it flowers in April
and May, months answering to October and November in
ours, whereas it flowered in Edinburgh in July ; an apparent
anomaly probably due to the elevation of its native habitat.
Mat 1st, 1895.
The flowers are pink or white. The specimen figured
was communicated by Dr. Balfour, F.R.S., from the Royal
Botanic Garden of Edinburgh in July, 1894.
Descr. — A small woody, tufted, erect shrub, growing in
patches. Stem terete, brown, woody, as thick as a goose-
quill below, marked with the close- set scars of fallen leaves ;
branches erect, sparingly divided, densely clothed with
decussate closely imbricating appressed scale-like leaves,
nearly terete, bright green. Leaves one-sixth of an inch
long, very coriaceous, broadly orbicular-oblong, connate
to the middle in pairs, dorsally convex, bright green,
shining; margins of young leaves ciliate. Flowers few, in
small terminal heads, bracts (the uppermost leaves) rather
larger than the cauline leaves, ciliate. Calyx four-lobed
nearly to the base; sepals linear-oblong, ciliate. Corolla
one quarter of an inch broad, white (or pink) ; tube hardly
longer than the sepals ; lobes oblong, obtuse, the anticous
much narrower than the others. Anthers oblong, red-
purple. Ovary oblong, quite glabrous ; style very slender.
— J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Summit of branch with calyces and styleB; 2, calyx; 3, flower;
4, ovary : — All enlarged.
Tab. 7416.
CYPRIPEDIUM Charlesworthii.
Native of Arracan.
Nat. Ord. OrchipEvK. — Tribe Cypripedie^:.
Genus Cypripedium:, Linn.; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 634.)
Cypripedium (Coriacese) Charlesworthii; foliis lineari-oblongis loratisve
acutis laete viridibus, scapo unitloro hirsutulo virescente rubro maculato,
bractea ovario breviore obtusa, ovario brevi costis purpureis hirsutis,
sepalo dorsali magno orbiculari demum convexo roseo nervis sanguineis
reticulato, sepalis lateralibus in laminam late ovatam obtusam vires-
centem pubescentem labello suppositam connatis, petalis planis patentibus
lineari-oblongis obtusis pubescentibns luride flavo-viridibus nervis rufescen-
tibus, labello petalis concolore saccato auriculis rotundatis, staminodio
eburneo orbiculari disco tumido in cornu conicum producto, stigmate
reniformo.
C. Charlesworthii, llolfe in Orchid Reviciv, vol. i. pp. 303, 355, cum Ic.
Gard. Chron. (1893), vol. ii. pp. 406, 437, rig. 70. Journ. of Hortic. (1893),
vol. ii. p. 307, fig. 43. Gartenjlora, vol. xliv. p. 1, t. 1410. Rev. Hortic.
Beige (1894), p. 253, cum Ic. Lindenia, vol. x. p. 25, t. 443.
As observed by Mr. Rolfe, Cypripedium Charlesworthii is
a very distinct species from any hitherto known, most
nearly allied to G. Spicerianum, Reichb. f. (Bot. Mag. t.
6490), and G. Drurii, Beddome (Lindenia i, t. 6), but well
distinguished from both by (amongst other characters) the
rose-cold, dorsal sepals, and the horned boss on the disk of
the staminode, in which respects it is unique in the genus.
It is named in honour of the head of the firm of Messrs.
Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co. of Heaton, Bradford,
who were the importers of the species.
The specimen here figured was purchased at an auction
sale. It flowered in the Orchid House of the Royal
Gardens in August of last year. It is a free flowerer, and
the flowers show considerable variation in size and colour.
Its native country is the province of Arracan, in the Bay
of Bengal, one of the most unhealthy districts of India,
and hence unexplored botanically. It was found in com-
pany with G. bellatulum, Reichb. f., a species the habitat
of which was previously unknown, and which species is
May 1st, 1895.
consequently not described in the Flora of British
India.
Descr. — Leaves six to eight inches long by an inch broad,
spreading and recurved, acute, glabrous, bright green above,
pale beneath with purple spots towards the base. Scape
one-fld., as long- as the leaves, stout, hirsute, green, with
crowded red linear spots. Bract an inch long, oblong,
obtuse, green, with dull purple blotches. Ovary one to
one and a half inch long, green, with hirsute, dark purple
ribs. Dorsal sepal erect, orbicular, two inches in diameter,
at first flat, at length convex, from the sides recurving,
rose-cold., reticulated with blood-red nerves ; lateral
sepals connate in a broadly ovate, obtuse, pale greenish
blade, with pale, brownish-red nerves. Petals one and a
half inch long, horizontally spreading, linear-oblong,
obtuse, pubescent, dull yellow-green, with five to seven
broad, red-brown nerves. Lip saccate, dirty greenish
yellow, suffused with brown, mouth wide, truncate,
margins not recurved, auricles rounded. Staminode sub-
orbicular, ivory-white, with a central boss ending in a
short, conical horn; stigma reniform. — J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Side, and 2, front view of staminode and stigma -. — Both enlarged.
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1411
Tab. 7417.
CBJNUM Schimpeei.
Native of Abyssinia.
Nat. Ord. Amaryllide;e.— Tribe Amarylle^e.
Genus Crinum, Linn.; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 726.)
Crinum {Codonocrinum) ScMmperi; bulbo globoso magno collo elorigato, foliia
8-10 linearibus glabris recurvatis facie viridibus dorso glaucescentibus,
pedunculo valido foliis breviore, umbellis paucifioris, spathae valvis
2 ovatis, pedicellis subnullis, perianthii tubo cylindrico 4-pollicari brun-
neo-viridulo primum suberecto demum cernuo, limbo albo tubo asquiloneo,
lobis oblanceolato-oblongis acutis apice patulis, staminibus declinatis
limbo brevioribus, stylo declinato staminibus longiore.
C. Scbimperi, Vatke inedit. ; Schum. in Gartenfbra, vol. xsxviii. (1889), p. 561,
tab. 1309.
This fine Crinum belongs to the same group as
G, latifolium, Linn, zeylanicum, Linn, and longifolium,
Thunb. (capense, Herb.). In its foliage and general
habit it closely resembles G. abyssinicum, Hochst. ; but
the flower is much larger. From G. scabrum, Herb.,
and Sanderianum, Baker, it differs by its pure white
flowers. The bulbs were sent by Schimper from the
mountains of Abyssinia, about twenty years ago, to the
Botanical Garden at Berlin, but it was not recognized
and described as a new species till 1889, and in the mean-
time some of the bulbs had been distributed under the
name of G. abyssinicum, Hochst. The Royal Gardeus,
Kew, has received it both from the Berlin Botanical Garden
and Herr Leichtiin. It flowered in an unheated frame
last July, and seems likely to become one of the favourite
half-hardy species of this large and difficult genus.
Descr.—rBulb globose, the size of a man's fist, with an
elongated neck. Leaves eight or ten to a rosette, deve-
loped at the same time as the flowers, linear, recurving,
glabrous on the surfaces and edges, three feet long, two
inches broad low down, tapering gradually to the point,
green above, glaucous beneath.. Peduncle arising from
the base of the rosette of leaves, very stout, terete, two
June 1st, 1895.
feet long, brownish. Umbel few-flowered ; spathe-valves
two broad, ovate ; pedicels very short. Perianth with a
cylindrical reddish-green tube four inches long, which is
finally more or less curved, and a pure white permanently
funnel-shaped limb of the same length, of which the oblan-
ceolate-oblong acute lobes spread at the tip when the
flower is fully expanded. Stamens decimate, an inch
shorter than the perianth- limb ; filaments white ; anthers
small, whitish. Style decimate, entire, rather longer than
the stamens. — J". G. Baker.
Fig. 1, Back view of an anther; 2, apex of the style, both enlarged;
:i, whole plant, much reduced.
74 18.
MS.delJ.WFitdilith
Tap,. 7418.
TRICHOCLADUS grandiflorus.
Native of the Transvaal.
Nat. Ord. Hamamelidea
Genua Trichocladus, Pers. ; (Bent/i. & Rook. /. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 667.)
Tbichocladus grandiflorus ; frutex v. arbnscula, ramnlis rubro punctatis
novellis racemisque stellato-puberulis, foliis petiolatis tenuiter coriaceis
ovatis subacutis v. ovato-lanceolatis subcaudato-acuminatis apicibus
obtusis integerrimiB reticulatis supra laefce viridibus subtus pallidioribus,
racemis subsessilibus brevibus axillaribus et terminalibus, rachi
robusto, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis clausi demum 2-3-fidi lobis
triangulari-ovatis, petalis elongatis loriformibas undulatis albis basi
roseis, staminibus brevibua, filamentis subglobosis, connectivo in cornu
uncinatum producto, ovario apice birto, stylis snbulatis recurvis intus
stigmatosis, capsula globosa.
T. grandiflorus, Oliver in Hook. Ic. PI. vol. xv. p. 64, t. 1481.
Though differing in some important points from the
type of the genus Trichocladus, with which it accords in
habit, and in most of its characters of flowers and fruit,
it must, I think, be regarded as a congener of it. Of
these characters Professor Oliver has indicated the 2-3-tid
calyx, and the adhesion of the ovary to the tube of the
calyx (which he regards as indications of affinity with the
Malayan genus Maingaya) ; to which should be added the
bisexual flowers, and the anthers not being univalvular in
dehiscence. The fruit, which Professor Oliver had not
seen when describing the species, altogether resembles
that of T. crinitus, Pers.
Five species of Trichocladus have been described, all South
Africa, T. crinitus, Pers., the type of the genus; T. ellip-
ticus and T. verticil I atus, Eckl. & Zey. ; T. peltatus,
Meissn., and that here figured.
Trichocladus grandiflorus was discovered in the Berg
Plateau of the Transvaal by Mr. C. Mudd, who sent speci-
mens to Messrs. Veitch in 1883, by whom they were
transmitted to the Kew Herbarium. It has since then
been received from Mrs. Royston, of Moodies, and from
June 1st, 1895.
Mr. E. E. Galpin, who collected it in wooded ravines near
Barberstown, at an elevation of 3500 to 4000 feet. To Mr.
Galpin the Royal Gardens are also indebted for seeds sent
in 1 890, a plant raised from which has now attained a height
of nine feet in the Temperate House, where Mr. Watson
tli inks it looks as if it would grow into a good sized tree.
It flowered for the first time in July, 1894.
Descr. — A shrub or small tree, bark brown ; young
branches green, with red-purple spots, at first stellately
pubescent. Leaves three to four inches long, shortly
petioled, ovate, subacute, or ovate-lanceolate and caudately
acuminate, dark green above, paler beneath, young bronzy
brown, stellately pubescent. Flowers an inch and a half
in diameter, crowded in short, axillary and terminal sub-
sessile racemes; rachis and pedicels short, and calyces
stellately pubescent. Calyx a quarter of an inch long,
green, splitting irregularly into two or three triangular
deciduous lobes. Petals five, one half to two-thirds of an
inch long, strap-shaped, undulate, white, rose-colrd. at the
base. Stamens very small ; filaments subglobose, shorter
than the two-celled anthers, which dehisce laterally, con-
nective produced into an incurved horn. Ovary 2-celled,
adnate to the calyx-tube; styles subulate. Capsule sub-
globose.—/. D. H.
Fig. 1, Bud; 2, stellate hairs; 3, tube of calyx and stamens; 4 and 5,
stamens ; 6, vertical section of ovary -.—All enlarged.
IfincentBr
Iceve a
Tab. 7410.
ribes bracteosum.
Native of Western Nortli America .
Nat. Ord. Saxifrages. —Tribe Ribesie*.
Genus Ribes, Linn. (Benih. & Hook. f. Gen. .Plant, vol. i. p. 654.)
Ribes (Ribesia) hracteosum ; fruticosum, inerme, glaberrimurn, glandulosum,
foliis amplis 5-7-lobatis, lobis ovatis lanceolatisve acutis v. acnminatis
grosse serratis, petiolis elougatis, race mis elongatis erectis ascendentibusve
multifloris, bracteis persistentilms linearibus spathulatisve infimis
foliaceis, floribus flavidis, calycis lobis oblongis obfcusia petalis spatbulatia
triplo longioribus, staminibus petalis axjuilongis, baccis atris glandulosis
polyspermis.
R. bracteosum, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. vol. i. p. 233. Bonqard Veg.
Sifc/ia, p. 138. 'Torr. & Gray Fl. N. Am. vol. i. p. 550. Eaton & Wright
Man. Bot. p. 395. Ledeb. Fl. Boss. vol. ii. p. 201. Roihr. Fl. Alaok. p. 446.
8. Wats. Bot. Calif, vol. i. p. 206. Maximov. in Bull. Acad. Petersb.
vol. xix. p. 253. (Mel Biol vol. ix. p. 222.)
It is rather singular tliat so fine and hardy a plant as
the subject of this plate, which was discovered nearly
seventy years ago, and is common in what has long been
an English colony, should never have been figured in any
work, or found its place in our shrubberies of England ;
for, so far as I can ascertain, it is in cultivation nowhere
but at Kew, where there is no history of its introduction.
It was discovered by David Douglas in 1826, at the mouth
of the Columbia River in Oregon, and has since been found
along the Pacific coast of North America from Mendocino
county in California to Sitka in Alaska, a range of upwards
of 1200 miles. Not a few other shrubs besides trees and
herbaceous plants extend through as many or more degrees
of latitude on that coast, due no doubt to the equability
of its temperature.
R. bracteosum forms a handsome shrub when five to six
feet high, with bright green leaves like those of the maple,
which attain a breadth of eight to ten inches. It flowers
at Kew in May.
Descr. — Quite glabrous, or minutely pubescent on the
raceme, and sparsely glandular. Stem four to ten feet
Junk 1st, 1895.
high, erect, branched, terete, smooth. Leaves three to
nine inches broad, palmately 5-7-cleft to or below the
middle, membranous, bright green ; lobes ovate or lanceo-
late, acute, coarsely serrate, base truncate; petiole
slender, longer than the blade. Racemes three to six
inches long, shortly peduncled, erect, many-fld., length-
ening in fruit often to a foot ; bracts linear or spathulate,
persistent, lower sometimes foliaceous ; pedicels half an
inch long, slender. Flowers erecto-patent. Calyx-tube
turbinate, glandular ; limb a third of an inch diam. ; lobes
ovate-oblong, obtuse, spreading, golden yellow, with green
tips and red bases, but probably variable in colour. Petals
minute, spathulate. Stamens as long as the petals.
Anthers didymous. Styles slender. Berries erect, globose,
black, glandular. — J. I). H.
Fig. 1, Flower, pedicel, and bract; 2, gland; 3, flower with two sepals
removed; all enlarged ; 4, portioD of fruiting raceme of the nat. size.
7420
: -
■\fincei\tBrooVs,
Tab. 7420.
PERAPHYLLUM ramosissimum.
Native of Western North America.
Nat. Ord. Rosacea. — Tribe Pome^;.
GenuB Peraphyllum, Nutt. ; {Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 628 (suh
Amelanchier. )
Pekaphyllum ramosisaimum ; frutex fruticulusve ramosus rigidus, foliis coria-
ceis anguste oblanceolatis acutis in petiolum brevem angustatis integer-
rimis vel apicem versus denticulatis sparse sericeo-pubescentibus, floribus
in corymbos paucifloros subsessiles erectos dispositis, pedicellis crassius-
culis 2-bracteolatis, calycis tubo turbinato lobis lanceolatis, petalis
orbicularibus patentibus roseis, staminibus petalis aequilongis, stylis
elongatis tomentosis, baccis globosis.
P. ramosissimum, Nutt. in Torr. & Or. Ft. N. Am. vol. i. p. 474. Walp. Rep.
vol. v. p. 660. Wenzig.in IAmna ". vol. xxxviii. (1856), p. 11"). Brandegee.
Fl. S. W. Colorado, p. 236. 8. Wats. Bot. Calif, vol. ii. p. 445. Coult, <-.
Man. Rocky Mt. Bot. p. 89.
A genus of a single species, so closely allied to Amchnt-
chier, that it was reduced to the latter in the " Genera
Plantarum," because the character taken from the fruit
upon which it was founded, and which had been incor-
rectly described, did not hold good. This reduction has
not been accepted by American botanists, and a better
knowledge of the habit of the plant affords am] tie
characters for the retention of the genus. In Amelanchier
the leaves are broad, membranous and serrate, the flowers
are racemose, the calyx-tube short, and the petals oblong.
In Peraphyllum the leaves are narrowly oblanceolate,
flowers in subsessile corymbs, the calyx-tube cylindric, and
petals orbicular. In both the fruit is globose, fleshy and
edible.
PemphyUum ramosissimum seems to have a very inter-
rupted distribution, being nowhere very common, but
occupying a wide area, from the Blue Mountains in Oregon
to S.W. Colorado, Southern Utah, and California. It
has been grown in the Arboretum of Kew for upwards of
twenty years, where it forms a shrub about three feet
high, but was never observed to flower till May, 1894.
Jttne 1st, 1895.
It is probably one of Dr.' Asa Gray's seed contributions to
the Royal Gardens.
Descr. — A much-branched shrub, two to six feet high ;
bark grey ; branchlets short, rigid. Leaves one to two
inches long, obovate-oblong, or narrowly oblanceolate,
acute, obtuse, or apiculate, narrowed into a very short
petiole, quite entire, or rarely sparingly toothed towards
the tip, silkily pubescent, at length glabrescent. Flowers
three-quarters of an inch diam., erect, in small, subsessile,
erect, branched corymbs ; pedicels rather stout, one-fourth
to one half in. long, with one or two small linear bracts.
Calyx-tube shortly cylindric or subcampanulate, silky ;
teeth narrow, erect, shorter than the tube, persistent.
Petals orbicular, spreading, white, with a rose-colrd. disk.
Stamens many, as long as the petals ; anthers broadly
oblong, yellow. Ovary 2- or incompletely 4-celled ; styles
2-3, loDg, silky ; stigmas capitate. Berry pendulous, half
an inch diam., globose, fleshy. Seeds compressed, acutely
margined. — J. J). H.
Fig. 1, Flower with the petals removed; 2, base of calyx and styles;
3, vertical section of ovary ; 4, fruit r— AH but fig. 4 enlarged.
m\
Tab. 7421.
ROSA LuciiE.
Native of Japan and China.
Nat. Ord. Rosacea. — Tribe Rose*.
Genns Rosa, Linn.; (Bentk. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 625.)
Rosa (Synstylae) Luci<e ; frutex ramis prostratis, ramulis floriferis glabris
sparse aculeatis, aculeis uncinatis, foliolis 5-9 ovatis elliptico-ovatis v.
ovato-rotundatis utrinque glabris firmis mucronatis simpliciter dentatis
superioribus breviter acuminatis, stipulis strictis denticulatis v. fimbriatis
longe acuminatis rectis v. divaricatis auriculis angustis, petiolo glabro
nudo v. aciculato v. subglanduloso, floribus solitariis v. subcorymbosis,
bracteis caducis integris denticulatisve, pedicellis glabris subglandulosis
v. rarius dense glanduloso-pubescentibus et aciculiferis, calycis tubo obo-
voideo ellipsoideo v. globoso glabro raro glanduloso-pubescente, sepalis
ovato-oblongis lanceolatisve breviter v. longius acuminatis candatisve
integris pinnatifidisve deciduis, petalis $-§ poll, latis orbiculari-obovatis
retusis albis, disco prominulo, stylis velutinis inferne connatis, fructibus
parvis globosis laevibus purpureis v. coccineis.
ft. Lucia3, Frawh. et Bochebr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. vol. x. (1871), p. 324,
et vol. xv. (1876), p. 204. Crepin Prim. Monogr. Ros.fasc 3, p. 258 ; et in
Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. vol. xiii. (1874), p. 251, & vol. xvii. (1879), p. 285 ; et
in Comt. Bend. Bot. Soc. Belg. vol. xxv. ii. p. 13. Franrh. & 8av, Eavm.
PI. Jap. vol. i. p. 135, et vol. ii. p. 344. Forbes & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. vol. xxiii. (1887), p. 251.
El, Wicburaiana, Crepin et Desegl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. vol. xiv. (1876),
p. 204, et vol. xxvii. (1888), p. 189. J. G. Jack in Gard^ & Forext. vol. iv. 1
(1891), p. 44, et vol. v. (1892), p. 367. Sargent I. c. vol. iv. ii. (1891),
p. 570, fig. 89.
R. Maximovicziana, Regel in Act. Hort. Bot. Petrop. vol. v. (1877), p. 378.
ii. nioschata, Benth. Fl. Hongkong, p. 106.
Rosa Lucise is most closely allied to B. mult i flora,
Thunb., figured at t. 7119 of this work, is as variable, and
occupies precisely the same geographical area. It differs
remarkably from that plant in its prostrate habit, much
smaller, rounder leaflets ; usually much larger flowers, not
collected in large compound corymbs, and in its pisiform
fruit. Franchet and Savat enumerate no fewer than eight
♦Japanese varieties of it, differing in foliage, naked or
dandular-pubescent pedicels, form and length of sepals,
ize of the petals, &c. It is so difficult to distinguish
several of these varieties from those of R. microphyUa, that
Juxe 1st, 1895.
M. Crepin suggests the possibility of some of these being
of hybrid origin between the two species. The plant
which flowered at Kew, and of which a specimen is here
figured, is very much larger in all its parts than the in-
digenous ones in the Herbarium, in some of which its
flowers are not larger than the area occupied by the
stamens in the plate, and are in crowded, short panicles,
with almost glandular-tomentose very short peduncles and
pedicels and calyx-tube. The sepals, too, of the Kew
specimen are much shorter, broader, and more ovate than
in the ordinary state of the plants when they are often
drawn out into caudate points, and are cut or pinnatifid
on one or both sides.
The discoverer of It. Lucias was, according to Crepin,
M. Callery, whose specimens gathered in China in 1884,
are in the Herbarium of the Jardin des Plantes. It
appears to be very common in Japan, where, according to
Maries, it ascends the mountains to 7000 ft. elevation.
There are specimens in Kew Herbarium from Corea and
Manchuria, from various places in East China to as far
south as Hong Kong ; Hance collected it at Whampoa ; Tate
m the Quantung Provinces ; and Oldham in Formosa.
Plants of M. Lucise, were received from Professor Sar-
gent, Director of the Harvard Arboretum, Boston, U.S.A.,
in 1891,* which flowered freely in August, 1894, in the
Arboretum of the Royal Gardens, Kew, and fruited in the
following October. It is, of course, perfectly hardy.
According to Professor Sargent, who gives a description
and excellent figure in " Garden and Forest," adding that
R. Lucise was sent by Mr. Louis Spilth of Berlin in 1888 to
the Harvard Arboretum, where it produces prostrate stems
ten to fifteen feet long in a single season, and covers the
ground as with a dense mat. Also that it has been very
largely used by the Parks Department of the City of Boston
" for covering rocky slopes, &c, where its "remarkable
habit, hardiness, the brilliancy of its lustrous foliage and
the beauty of its flowers, which appear when most shrubs
are out of bloom, certainly recommend it to the attention
ojjhec ultivators of h ardy plants." In another volume ot
* It must, however, have been introduced into England at an earlier period,
tor there i 8 a good specimen of it in the Kew Herbarium received from Canon
Ellacombe in 1880.
" Garden and Forest " Mr. Jack describes it as " so thickly
covering the ground with its white flowers as to almost give
the effect of snow ; and its fragrance as not that of most wild
roses, but more nearly suggesting the Banksian rose, though
it is sweeter, and without a certain disagreeable quality of
the Banksian."
The name Lucias was given in compliment to Madame
Lucie Savatier, who accompanied her husband to the far
East, and actively aided him in his scientific exploration
of Japan. — J, D. H.
Fig. 1, Calyx and styles; 2 and 3, stamens : — Enlarged.
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Tab. 7422.
SENECIO Hualtata.
Native of Chili and Argentaria.
Nat. Ord. Composite — Tribe Senecionide^.
Genus Senecio, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 466.)
Senecio Hualtata; herba elata, robusta, junior araneosa, caule simplici
erecto tereti striato, foliis radicalibus l£-2 pedalibus oblongo-ovatis
obtusis basi ina?qualiter cordatis marginibus undulatis dentatisque
supra laete viridibus subtus saepe cserulescentibua v. purpurascentibus,
costa crassa, nervis utrinque 8-10 patentibus, petiolo semipedali crasso
fistuloso, foliis canlinis paucis sessilibus lanceolatis serratis, capitulis ad
apices ramorom paniculas amplte coDgestis breviter v. longing pedicellatis
diam. pollicaribus, involucri brevis pauci-bracteati f oliolis lineari-oblongis
obtnsis apicibus barbellatis, radiis 12-16 late oblongis apice crenatis
pallide stramineis, disci corollis aureis, acbeniis glabris.
S. Hualtata, Bertero, ex DC. Prodr. vol. vi. p. 417. O. Gay Fl. Chili, vol. iv.
p. 194. Hook. Sf Am. in Hook. Journ. Bot. vol. iii. (1841), p. 340. Griseb.
Synth. Fl. Argent, p. 206, et PI. Lorentz. p. 145. S. fistulosus, Poepp.
Jjessing in Linnsea, vol. vi. (1831), p. 246. Cineraria gualtata, Gillies-
mss.
Senecio Hualtata belongs to a group of gigantic herba-
fous Ragworts, which includes S. sagittifolius, Baker
(Tab. 7322), all natives of extra-tropical South America.
Five or six species at least have been described ; but it is
i?npossible to say from Herbarium specimens bow far
they are all distinct. 8. Hualtata is the best known of
them, having a very wide distribution, and having been
collected by many botanists. C. Gay describes it as in-
habiting the whole Republic of Chili, meaning, no doubt,
the more temperate parts, for I find no evidence of its
occurring further south than Valdivia, in lat. 40°. It
crosses the Andes to the western slopes, where it fre-
quents water-courses, and where it has been found as far
north as Tucuman, in lat. 25° S. by Lorentz and Hierony-
mus ; thus giving it a range of 15° lat. Its native name
in Chili generally is Hualtata or Gualiata ; but at Valdivia,
according to Mr. Reed, it is called " Lengua de Vaca."
The Royal Gardens, Kew, are indebted for seeds of this fine
plant to Mrs. J. S. Floyer of Basingstoke, whose daughter,
July 1st, 1895.
Mrs. Glynne Williams, sent them in 1890 from Vipos,
thirty kilometres north of the city of Tucuman. The
Kew plant, after having stood for several years without
protection, on a slope close to the pond opposite the Palm
House, in June of last year sent up its flowering stem
five feet high, and flowered profusely.
Descr. — A tall, very stout herb, in a young state
sparingly woolly ; flowering stem five feet high, terete,
striate. Leaves chiefly radical, twelve to eighteen inches
long, by four to six broad, oblong-ovate, broadest at the
unequally truncate or cordate base, bright green above,
more blue-green or purplish beneath, margin undulate and
crenate-toothed, midrib very stout ; nerves eight to ten
pairs, spreading ; petiole about as long as the blade, stout,
hollow ; upper or cauline leaves much smaller, sessile
lanceolate, toothed. Head, an inch in diameter, shortly
pedicelled in crowded clusters at the ends of the naked
branches of a pyramidal panicle one to two ft. high-
Involucre cylindric ; bracts linear-oblong, green ; tip 5
brown, bearded. Ray-flowers twelve to sixteen, limb
broadly obovate-oblong, pale straw-colrd., tip crenate.
Disk-jloivers many, golden-yellow. Achenes (ripe, not
seen) glabrous ; pappus silvery. — J. D. II.
r Fig. 1, Bract of involucre; 2, fl. of the ray; 3, pappus hairs; 4, fl. of disk;
o stamens ; 6, style-arms of disk fl. -.—All enlarged : fig. 7, reduced view ot
the whole plant.
7423
'N Fitch IM.
• ^ooks^ay&^ fro?
Tab. 7423.
pyrus ceat^gifolta.
Native of Italy.
Nat. Ord. Rosacea. — Tribe Pome^3.
Genus PiRTJS, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen, Plant, vol. i. p. 626.)
Pyrus cratsegifolia; arbor v. arbuscula, ramulis petiolia corymbisque pubes-
centibus, foliis gracile petiolatis late ovatis acutis subtua lanatis denmm
glabratis lobulatis, lobulis utrinque 4-6 grosse dentatia, petiolo gracili,
stipubs brevdbus acutis caducis, corymbia terminalibus laxifloria pubes-
centibna, pedicellis gracilibus elongatis roseis, calycis tomentosi tubo
campanulato, lobia laaceolatis deflexis demum deciduis, petalia orbiculati*
niveis, staminibus ad 15, stylis 4-5 elongatis erectis tomentosis basi
connatis, baccis ellipsoideis rubris.
P. crataagifolia, Targ. Tozz. ex Savi Trait. Alb. Tosc. ed. ii. vol. i. (1801),
p. 169. Archang. Cotnp. Fl. Ital. p. 232.
P. florentina, Tarq. Tozz. in Mem. Soc. Moden. vol. xx. para. ii. (1829), p. 302'
t. 20. DC. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 628 ; Walp. Rep. Bot. vol ii. p. 53.
P. torminalis B., Penort Sj/ll. Fl. Neap. 243.
Menpi!us florentina, Bertol. Amain. Ital. p. 29.
Crataegus florentina, Zuccagn. Cent. Prim. Obs. Bot. Hort. Florent. vol. i.
(1806), ex Boem. Collect. 142. Bertol. Fl. Ital. vol. v. p. U±
Sorbus florentina, Nym. Syll. Fl. Furop. p. 266.
A native of Italy, and apparently a rare plant, growing
in woods near Florence, Bologna, and Lucca, and a few
other spots in the north of the Peninsula, but local. Its
nearest ally is perhaps P. torminalis, from which it differs
in the more cordate base of the leaves which are ineiso-
serrate and tomentose beneath, in the simple terminal
corymb with very long pedicels, and in the four to live
filiform styles, and in the small, ellipsoid, red fruit.
J'.'crat.rijifolia forms a bush about four feet high in the
Arboretum of the Royal Gardens, Kew, flowering in June,
and was, I believe, raised from seed received from the
late Mr. Grover of Florence, one of the most acute
and accomplished of Italian Botanists.
Descr. — A bush or small tree, with slender branches
and dark brown bark ; young branches, leaves beneath,
and young inflorescence copiously woolly, at length glabres-
July 1st, 189-j.
cent. Leaves thin, one and a half to two and a half inches
long, broadly ovate, or almost orbicular in outline, acute,
base truncate, margins cut into four to six triangular,
coarsely-toothed, ovate lobes, dark green above, with as
many sunk nerves as lobes, pale woolly, at length
glabrate beneath ; petiole one half to two-thirds of
an inch long, slender, reddish ; stipules small, ovate,
acute, deciduous. Corymbs terminal, lax-fid., tomentose ;
rachis and long pedicels rose-pink, pedicels very slender,
an inch to an inch and a half long 1 . Flowers nod-
ding, nearly an inch in diameter. Calyx-tube narrowly
campanulate, produced much beyond the ovary ; lobes
lanceolate, as long as the tube, reflexed, at length deci-
duous. Petals inserted in the mouth of the calyx, orbi-
cular, notched at the tip, pure white, spreading. Stamens
ten to twenty, filaments glabrous. Styles four or five,
elongate, villous, united at the base ; stigmas capitate.
Berry half an inch long, broadly ellipsoid, or elliptic-
oblong, red. — J. D. H.
Fip. 1, Flower with the petals removed; 2, vertical section of ovary:— both
enlarged; 3, berries of the natural size.
7424.
Vmrent- BrootajDay
Tab. 7424.
AEISTOLOCHIA ungulifolia.
Native of Borneo.
Nat. Ord. Aristolochiace^.
Genus Aristolochia, Linn.; (Benth. & Jlook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 121.)
Aristolociiia. (Diplolobus) ungulifolia ; volubilis, glabra, foliis amplis ambitu
suborbicularibas profunde trilobis, lobis oblongisdecurvis sinn rotundato,
lateralibus oblongis apice rotundatia intermedio oblongo-lanceolato
obtuso, floribus in racemos breves dispositis, perianthio basi in stipitem
cylindraceam producto, dein in vesicam late oblongam. dorso bigibbosam
inflato, ultra vesicam in tubum angustum recurvum producto, ore late
infundibulari, limbo elongato spathulato erecto villoso marginibus
revolutis.
A. ungulifolia, Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xiv. (1875), p. 494 ; in Gard.
Chron. (1880), vol. ii. p 116, f. 28.
According to specimens in the Herbarium of Kew,
A. ungulifolia is a native of Borneo, where it was dis-
covered by Messrs. Motley and Barber in the province
of Labuane. It is very distinct from any hitherto pub-
lished species, and probably unique in the presence of two
curious swellings in the dorsal surface of the saccate base
of the perianth. These swellings correspond to depres-
sions with ciliate margins in the inner surface of the same
sack, and are presumably concerned in the pollinisation of
the plant by insects. The Indian ally of A. ungulifolia is
A. indica, Linn., a frequent plant all over tropical India.
A. ungulifolia was first described by Dr. Masters,
F.R.S., from specimens exhibited in 1880 at the Exhibition
of the Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington, by
Mr. Mortimer, gardener to Major Storer, Purley Park,
Reading. The specimen here figured was received at the
Royal Gardens, Kew, from E. N. Ridley, M. A., F.L.S.,
Director of Gardens and Forests, Singapore, in November,
1894, and which flowered in a stove in the following
November.
Descr. — A tall, glabrous climber, with slender, terete,
.Illy 1st, 1895.
green stems ; branches obscurely angled. Leaves six to
seven inches long and broad, suborbicular in outline,
abruptly narrowed into the petiole at the broad hardly
cordate base, deeply 3-lobed, pale green, and convex on
the upper surface, with reticulated veins ; lobes sub-
parallel, decurved, lateral oblong, rounded at the tip ;
mid-lobe longest, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the
obtuse tip ; sinus between the lobes narrow, base rounded ;
petiole one to one and a half inch long, deeply grooved on
the upper side ; stipular leaves none. Flowers about three
inches long, in few-fid. corymbs. Perianth divisible into
four sections ; 1, a short, narrow, terete, solid stipes,
about a quarter of an inch long ; 2, a dull purple, broadly
obovoid, oblong bladder, nearly an inch long, with two
collateral, dorsal bosses on the back below the next
section ; 3, a curved tube, about as long as the bladder,
expanding into a small, funnel-shaped mouth, with re-
curved margins, from the dorsal margin of which arises ;
4, a spathulate, erect, or reclined, tomentose, red-brown
limb, an inch long, with a terminal apiculus, and revolute
margins ; inner surface of the bladder and mouths of the
bosses villous. Column cup-shaped round the six stigmas,
and with a few hairs at the base. — J. D. II.
vi F ', g ' *' S P ec * ion of tube °f perianth; 2, column with the ovary and pedicel
like base of the perianth ; 3, column -.-All enlarged.
:-.
Tab. 7425.
NEUWIEDFA Griffithii.
Native of Malacca.
Nat. Ord. Orchide*.— Tribe Apostasies.
Genus Keuwiedia, Blume; (Benth. & HooJc.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 635.)
Neuwiedia Griffithii; foliis lineai'i-lanceolatis acuminatis, scapo breviusculo,
racemo bispidnlo, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis flores subteqaantibas
erecti?, periaothio ovoideo albo, filamentia brevibus liberis quam
antheras oblongas multo brevioribus.
N. Griffithii, Beirhl. f. Xen. Orcliid. vol. ii. (1874), p. 16. Bolfe in Journ.
Linn. Soc. vol. sxv. (1890), p. 235. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Jnd. vol. vi.
p. 176.
On Tab. 7368 is figured, for the first time, from living
specimens, the remarkable Malayan genus of Orchidese,
Neuwiedia, and under the description of it (N. Lindleyi) it
is stated that another species, N. Griffithii, is also in culti-
vation at Kew. The latter has since flowered (in Sep-
tember, 1894), and is here represented. N. Griffithii
differs from N. Lindleyi in its much smaller size, shorter
spike, broader bracts, and very small white flowers, which
are much more pubescent. It was discovered by Dr. Griffith
in Malacca, and it was subsequently collected there by the
late Dr. Maingay, and lastly, by Mr. Ridley, to whom the
Royal Gardens are indebted for living plants, as they were
to him for those of j\ r . Lindleyi. It has also been found
in the province of Perak (in the Malayan Peninsula) by
collectors sent by Dr. King from the Royal Botanical
Gardens, Calcutta.
There still remain two Javan species of Neuwiedia, which
are very imperfectly known, and from dried specimens
alone, N. veratrifolia and N. Zollingeri, Blume, together
with N. Gurtisii of Rolfe of Penang, and N. calanthoides
of New Guinea, all of which require investigation from
living specimens before the species of the genus can be
pronounced to be satisfactorily established. With regard
to N. Lindleyi, I have, with regret, to state that the colour-
ing of the flower in the plate is of far too bright a golden-
yellow, and in this respect very far from a faithful repro-
July 1st, 1895.
d notion of the artist's drawing, which is (as with all the
original drawings published in the Botanical Magazine)
preserved in the Herbarium of the Koyal Gardens for
verification of the published plates. The true colour is a
pale primrose.
Descr. — Whole plant sixteen inches high, quite glabrous,
except the spike. Leaves four to ten inches long by one
to one and a half broad, erect, elliptic-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, many-nerved. Spike shortly peduncled, four to six
inches long in flower; rachis, bracts, and flowers hispidly
pubescent ; bracts green, ovate-lanceolate, about as long
as the very shortly pedicelled flowers. Ovary trigonous,
produced into a very short neck. Perianth deflexed, one-
third of an inch long, ovoid, white; sepals boat-shaped,
pubescent dorsaJly convex, with a short infra-apical beak ;
petals like the sepals, but glabrous, with a stout dorsal,
hispidulous keel, produced into a short, blunt spur.
Anthers short, broad. Stigma obscurely 3-lobed. — J. B. E,
Fig. 1, Bract and flower; 2, petal viewed from within, and 3 from
without ; 4, column; 5, anther :— All enlarged.
:/•:<
^^
Tab. 742G.
RUBUS LASIOSTYLUS.
Native of China.
Nat. Ord. Rosacea. — Tribe RuBEjt.
Genus Rubus, Linn.; (Benth. & Rook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 616.)
Rubus lasio&tylus ; frutex suberectus, fere eglanduloaus, aculeatus, caulibus
teretibus fusco-purpureis pruinosiB demum niveis aculeis gracilibus rectia
v. lente curvis instructis, ramulia petiolisque glabris pubescentibusve,
foliis pinnatis, petiolo gracili rubello aculeato, foliolis 3-5 duplicato ser-
rulatis subtua niveo-tomentosis nervi9 pallide roaeis, lateralibua ovatis
acutis, terminali multo majore integro v. trilobo basi rotundato v. subcor-
dato, etipulis oblique lanceolatis acutis submembranaceis, cymis fere
terminalibus seesilibus v. breviter pedunculatia paucifloria, pedicellia
elongatia aculeatis, floribua nutautibus, petalis orbicularibus sanguineis
sepalia lanceolatia recurvis multo brevioribuB, carpellis siccis dense
lanatia lacunosis, stylia gracilibus rectis lanatis.
R. laaioBtylus, Focke in Hook. Jo. PI. t. 1951.
B. lasiostylus is allied to several Asiatic species, all with
more or less erect stems, wliite-tomentose undersurface of
the leaves, long calyx-lobes, small red petals, and villous
carpels. Of these two, B. niveus, Wall., and B. lasio-
carpus abound in the temperate regions of the Himalaya ;
both are extremely variable, and their forms have given
origin to many species, some of which are founded on
specimens, not even on varieties. In both the ripe carpels
are either dry or fleshy, and the endocarp of the fruit is
lacunose; both are usually much more strongly armed
plants than is B. lasiostylus, but they are very variable in
this respect.
B. lasiostylus is a native of China, where it was dis-
covered in the Province of Hupeh, by Augustine Henry,
Esq., F.L.S., in 1888 ; since which period Mr. Hemsley in-
forms me that very large numbers of Chinese species of
Bubus have been added to the Kew Herbarium, bringing the
total up to about sixty. Judging from this, and having
regard to the extent of country in China that is botanic-
ally unexplored, especially the mountain regions, there can
July 1st, 1895.
be no doubt but that this country is the head-quarters of
the genus, greatly surpassing the Himalaya, whence only
forty species have been described. Europe may boast of
a far greater number of recorded species ; but the vast
preponderance of these are closely allied forms of one
type, as to the limits of which forms botanists have the
most divergent opinions, whereas in China and India many
types of the genus occur that have no allies at all in
Europe.
B. lasiostylus was raised at the Royal Gardens, Kew,
from seeds received in 1889 from Mr. Henry, who during
his residence at Ichang, on the Yangtse-kiang River, 700
miles from its mouth, transmitted to Kew magnificent
botanical collections abounding in novelties. The plant
flowered in June, 1894, for the first time, and has proved
to be perfectly hardy.
Descr. — A suberect shrub, covered with slender, spread-
ing, straight, or slightly curved prickles, which are stronger
towards the base of the stem. Shoots four feet high,
half an inch in diameter and very aculeate at the base,
covered with a primrose-purplish bark, that turns nearly
white in winter, young branches and petioles pubescent.
Leaves pinnate, three to five inches long ; leaflets three to
five, sharply, irregularly, doubly serrate, dark green
and rugose above, young suffused with red ; white tomen-
tose beneath, with prominent pale, reddish nerves, and a
setose midrib ; lateral leaflets one and a half to two and a
half inches long, ovate, acute, base acute or rounded, ter-
minal lobe much larger and broader, often 3-lobed ; petiole
slender, red, prickly ; stipules lanceolate. Flowers in few-
fid, subterminal corymbs ; pedicels one to one and a half
inch long, decurved, red. Stamens an inch across the
sepals, nodding. Sepals lanceolate, caudate-acuminate,
brown-tomentpse, or glabrescent; margins pale. Petals
orbicular-spathulate, about half as long as the sepals,
bright blood-red. Achenes crowded, woolly, dry, lacunose ;
style long, straight, villous— J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Petal; 2, jouug, and 4, ripe carpel; all enlarged; 3, cyme of rip<
fruit of the natural size.
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CONTENTS OF No. 607, JULY, 1895.
Tab. 7422.— SENECIO HUALTATA.
„ 7423— PYRUS CRAT.EGLFOLIA.
,, 7424.— ARISTOLOCHIA UNGULIFOLIA.
m 7425.— XEUW1EDIA GKIFFITHH.
o 7426.— EUBUS LASIOSTYLUS.
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7427
M
,i BrooUs.Day &
Tab. 7427.
PROCHYNANTHES Bulliana.
Native of Mexico.
Nat. Ord. Amaryllideje. — Tribe Agave*.
Genus Peochynantiies, S. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad. vol. xxii. p. 457.
Pbochynanthes, Bulliana ; rhizomate tuberoso fibris coronato, foliis radicalibus
paucis rosulatis oblanceolatis acutis subcoriaceis persistentibus glabris
margiae denticulatis, pedunculo elongato foliis paucis reductia lanceolatis
prcedito, floribua geminia sessilibus in spicam laxam elongatara dispositis,
bracteis ovatis parvis, perianthio purpureo-viridulo ad medium decurrato
tubo deorsum oblongo sursum campanulato, lobis ascendeatibus sub-
orbicularibus, staminibus inclu-ds ad medium tubi insertis, stylo
perianthio aequilongo apice lobis tribus patulis orbicularibus pubescentibus
stigmatosis praadito.
Bravoa Bulliana, Baker in Oard. Chron. 1884, vol. ii. p. 328 ; Handb.
Amaryllid. p. 161.
This fifth genus of Agavete has been discovered since
the publication of Bentham and Hooker's Genera Plantar
rum. It is intermediate between Polianthes and Bravoa,
differing from both by its more coriaceous persistent leaves
and greenish-brown flowers abruptly decurved and dilated
at the middle. The original species, P. viridijlora, S.
Wats., which was discovered by Dr. Palmer in 1886 in the
province of Jalisco, has long pedicels, which are articulated
at the middle. In the present plant the flowers are larger
and quite sessile. It was imported from Mexico by Mr.
William Bull, and first flowered by him in the year 1884,
at which date I described it in the Gardener's Chronicle,
under the genus Bravoa. Mr. Bull presented a plant to
the Royal Gardens, Kew, and our drawing was made from
this when it flowered in an unbeated frame last summer.
This is the first time the genus has been figured, and the
original species, so far as I am aware, has never been
brought into cultivation.
Descr. — Bootstock tuberous, crowned by a dense mass of
fibres. Leaves few in a radical rosette, oblanceolate, acute,
subcoriaceous, persistent, bright green, a foot or more
long, two inches broad at the middle, denticulate on the
pale horny margins. Peduncle erect, twice as long as the
August 1st, 1895.
leaves, furnished with several lanceolate reduced leaves.
Flowers in pairs, forming a very long, lax, simple spike,
quite sessile; bracts ovate, small. Perianth brownish-
green ; tube abruptly decurved and dilated at the middle,
oblong in the lower half, campanulate in the upper half ;
lobes suborbicular, ascending. Stamens inserted at the
base of the dilated upper half of the perianth ; filaments
filiform ; anthers linear-oblong, versatile. Style as long as
the perianth ; stigmatose apex of three spreading orbicular
pubescent lobes.—/. G. Baker.
Fig. 1, A flower cut open to show the stamens ; 2, ovary and style;
3, horizontal section of the ovary : all enlarged ; 4, whole plant : much
reduced.
7428.
Tab. 7428.
SACCOLABIUM Mooreanum.
Native of New Guinea.
Nat. Ord. Orchide.e. — Tribe Vandeje.
Genus Saccolabium, Bl. (Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 578.
Saccolabitjm (Genuineas) Mooreanum ; caule brevi craaso, foliis oblongis
lineari-oblongisve apice 2-lobis crasse coriaceia, peduaculia robustis
decurvis viridibua purpureisve, vasfinia retnotis brevibus obtusia pedunculo
arete appressis bruuneia, spicis densifloria oblongis, bracteia lineari-lan-
ceolatis, floribus subglobosis pallide viridibua v. roseia, sepalis conniven-
tibua lineari- oblongis obtusia concavis, petalis obovatis obtusia, labelli
carnoai 3-lobi lobi8 lateralibua aemi-orbicularibua erectis terminale parvo
cymbiforme, calcare sepalia duplo longiore dependente clavato obtuao,
columna brevi antice in brachia 2 truncata producta, anthera galeaeforme
vertice lobulato.
S. Mooreanum, Rolfe in Kew Bulletin, 1893, p. 64.
Mr. Rolfe describes S. Mooreanum as allied to 8. minus ,
Reichb. f., and to M two or three other Polynesian species,
having a peculiar decurved appendage in front of the
column, looking down as it were into the spur." This
appendage, which is well shown in fig. 2 of the plate,
seems to be a prolongation of the sides of the column or
its clinandrium, upon the truncate face of which the very
large gland of the pollinia rests, and may hence be com-
pared with a rostellum.
Mr. Rolfe further points out the similarity of this
" appendage " to what occurs in Uncifera, Lindl., a genus
I have reduced (Fl. Brit. Ind. vi. 65) to Saccolabium ; in
which it is seen to be a prolongation of the column itself
into two parallel arms. This is shown in my drawings of
both species of Uncifera (Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2134, 2135), m
one of which, S. acuminatum, the arms are truncate with
the gland of the pollinia placed exactly as in S. Mooreanum,
whilst in the other, 8. obtusifolium, they are more acute,
or rather, more obliquely truncate. In short, except tor
the beaked anther and incurved spur of the former
the flowers of S. Mooreanum and acuminatum are
August 1st, 1895.
(sepals, petals, lip, spur and column) almost identical;
and if Uncifera is to be kept up, it claims both these
species.
Further, the remarkable characters of the pollinia of
Uncifera, of the very large gland, and the broad wings
of the strap, which are recurved when dry, are repeated in
8. Mooreanum, the only difference being that the pollen
masses are raised on an incurved stipes on the face of the
strap iu Uncifera, and sessile in 8. Mooreanum.
8. Mooreanum was imported from New Guinea by
Messrs. F. Sander & Co. of St. Albans, from whom both
forms were obtained by the Royal Gardens, and which
flowered in the Tropical Orchid House in January of this
year.
Descr. — Stem stout, short. Leaves four to six inches long,
distichous, oblong, 2-lobed, coriaceous ; margins recurved,
bright green above, paler and mottled beneath. Scape as
long as the leaves, stout, decurved, green or red-purple
and speckled; sheaths two or three, distant, short, obtuse,
brown, appressed ; bracts small, lanceolate. Spike two to
three inches long, oblong or ovoid, very dense-fld. Flowers
subglobose, rose-purple or greenish white, one-third of an
inch in diameter. Sepals conniving, oblong, obtuse, con-
cave. Petals conniving, obovate-oblong. Lip small, side
lobes rounded erect; terminal lobe cymbiform, fleshy,
subacute, thickened transversely at the base ; spur longer
than the sepals, clavate, dependent, without internal sep-
tum, or dorsal scale below the column. Column short,
stout, produced in front into truncate arms, on which the
gland of the pollinia rests. Anther helmet-shaped, with
four bosses on the crown ; strap of pollinia trapeziform at
the apex, with the sides recurved, bearing two sessile
pollen masses ; gland very large, obtuse.—/. D. H.
Ivt. 1, Front view of white fid. var. ; 2, lip and column; 3, anther J
4, pollinia, all from the same; 5, B ide view of red-fid. var. :—All enlarged.
742d
3 ii
Went Brooks,!^;-
. » r.r,
Tab. 7429.
SPIRiEA BEACTEATA.
Native of Japan.
Nat. Ord. Rosacea. — Tribe Spibe.e.
Genus Spik^a, Linn. ; (Benth. 8f Rook.f. Gen. Plant, vjl. i. p. 611.)
Spiraea bracteata; glaberrima, ramulia angnlatis, foliis orbiculato-obovatis
rotundatisve ad apicem rotundatam crenatis subtus glaucia nervia
gracilibns, petiolis brevibug, corymbis multtfloris hemisphericis foliolosis,
calycis lobia ovatis fructu erectia, petalis albia truncato-orbiculatis im-
bricatia, staminibus ad 20 petalis paullo brevioribus, disco elevate-
crenato, carpellis dorso medio lanatis raaturis stylo demum deciduo
parum brevioribus, seminibus breviter appendiculatis, testa Jaevi arete
appressa.
S. bracteata, Zahel in Wittm. Gartenzeit. vol. iii. (1884) p. 496. Strauch.
Spirden, p. 45. Dippel Handb. Laublwhk, p. 468.
S. nippouica, Maxim, in Bull. Acad. Peter.sb, vol. xxxi. (1868) p. 39 ; Diagn. PI.
Xnr. Asiat. [MeL Biol.) vol. xii. p. 934.
S. media, F. Schmidt, (Estr. Baumz. 53, t. 54.
S. media, var. rotundifolia, Nichols, in Gard. Chron. 1885, vol. i. p. 283, Fig.
26 ; and Gard. Diet. vol. iii. p. 477.
S. rotundifolia, fl. albo, Hort. P. F. von Siebold.
Spiraea bracteata is well distinguished by its nearly orbi-
cular leaves, its hemispheric heads of flowers, the broad
imbricating petals of which so closely overlap as to re-
semble a monopetalous corolla. The name is derived from
the presence of numerous small leaves on the branches of
the corymbs, which are concealed by the sweet-scented
flowers. Another peculiarity is the great size of the
glands of the disk, which surround the mouth of the
calyx-tube, and resemble a string of large beads.
Mr. Nicholson informs me that S. bracteata was intro-
duced from Japan by Siebold, and distributed from bis
old nursery at Ley den, under the name of 8. rotundifolia.
It was described as S. nipponica by Maximovicz, two years
after it had been published by Zabel, and there are Bp
mens under that name in the Kew Herbarium, from the
Imperial University of Japan, collected on Mount Fujiyama,
and from M. Maries, who found it at elevations of two to
AuortsT 1st, 1895.
seven thousand feet in Central Japan. Maximo vicz con-
sidered that its nearest ally is his 8. mongolica, which differs
in having triple-nerved leaves.
The drawing was made from a specimen that flowered
in the Arboretum of the Roval Gardens, Kew, in June,
1894.
Descr. — A small glabrous shrub ; bark on the main
branches dark brown, young branches bright .red. Leaves
one half to one inch long and broad, orbicular, or very
broadly obovate, with a few broad crenatures on the rounded
tip ; petiole very short, nerves slender, spreading. Corymbs
two inches in diameter, subsessile, hemispherical; dense-
fld. ; branches with small green foliaceous bracts concealed
by the very shortly pedicelled flowers, which vary from a
quarter to nearly half an inch in diameter. Calyx-lobes
triangular-ovate, hairy within. Petals orbicular, truncate,
so closely overlapping as to resemble a cupular broadly
5-lobed corolla, white. Dish a crenate ring at the mouth
of the calyx-tube. Stamens shorter than the petals.
Cartels dorsally woolly about the middle; styles rather
loug.— J. J). H.
Fig. 1, Calyx disk and carpels; 2, petal ; 3, stamens; 4, section of calyx,
showing carpels :— All enlarged.
7430
XReev<
Tab. 7430.
pyrus sikk7mensis.
Native of the Himalaya.
Nat. Ord. Rosacea. —Tribe Pome^e.
Genus Pyrus, Linn. ; (Benth. & Rook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 626.
Ptkus (Malua) sihlcimensis ; arbor parva, ramnlis novellis foliis subtua calyci-
buaque tomentoaia demuin glabratis, foliis ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis
acuminatia serrulatis, lamina petiolo pluries longiore, stipulia setaceia,
corymbia multifloria, pedunculis elongatis gracilibus, alabastris roaeis,
calycis tubo ellipaoideo, sepalis lanceolatis reflexis deciduia, petalis orbi-
cularibus v. late oboTato-oblongia, ungue brevi villoso, staminibus 25-30,
8tylis glabris basi connatis, baccis parvia obconico-pyriformibua.
P. aitkimensis, Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. vol. ii. p. 373.
P. baccata indica, Hort.
There are in the Himalaya three species of the Malus
group of Pyrus; 1, the apple, which is indigenous in the
Western hills, as well as cultivated up to 11,500 ft. in
Tibet ; 2, the Siberian Crab, P. baccata, Linn., differing
from the common N. Asian plant only in the smaller sub-
pyriform fruit, a form of fruit which occurs rarely in
Siberia, but which is figured in Pallas Flora Rossica. It is
found from Kashmir to Kumaon, sometimes in a cultivated
state, and in Bhotan and the Khasia Hills, but has not
been brought from Nepal or Sikkim ; 3, the plant here
figured, which differs from P. baccata in the tomentose
under surface of the leaves and calyx, and glabrous column
of styles. The fruit also is speckled with white, as in P.
Pashia, which belongs to the Pyrus proper section of the
genus, but the spots are much smaller in sihlcimensis.
The tree from which the specimens figured w T ere obtained
has existed in the Arboretum of the Royal Gardens for
many years, and all traces of its history are lost. It is
evidently a very old plant, in a gnarled condition, bearing
conspicuous stout branching spurs on the trunk, owing no
doubt to the poverty of the soil ; and it may be assumed
to have been raised from seeds sent by myself from Sikkim
in 1849, now forty-five years ago, before which time no
August 1st, 1895.
plants or seeds had been sent from that country. The
species had, however, been discovered in Bhotan by Griffith
some years earlier, and fruiting specimens collected by him
are in the Kew Herbarium. I found it frequently at
elevations of 7-10,000 feet in the interior of Sikkim, as a
small stoutly branching tree, twenty to thirty feet high,
flowering in June and July, and producing fruit of which
I made an agreeable stew. The Kew tree flowers in May,
and fruits in September.
Descr. — A small gnarled tree, bark brown, young shoots
leaves beneath (and above in a young state) and calyx
more or less woolly. Leaves three to five inches long,
ovate, acuminate, serrulate ; petiole much shorter than the
blade ; stipules subulate. Flowers corymbose, an inch in
diameter; buds rose-colrd. ; pedicels one and a half to two
inches long, very slender. Calyx-tube ellipsoid; lobes
lanceolate, recurved, deciduous. Petals orbicular, white,
claw very short, tomentose. Stamens very many. Styles
slender, connate below, glabrous. Fruit two-thirds of an
inch diameter, broadly subglobosely pyriform, dark-red,
speckled with white.— J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Calyx and stamens ; 2, petal : — Both enlarged.
7131
L.Reevs & C° London.
Tab. 7431.
PLEUROTHALLIS Soapha.
Native country unknown.
Nat. Ord. Oechide.e. — Tribe Epidendee^.
Genus Pleueotiialiis, Br. ; (Benth. & Ilook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p.
Pleubotiiallis (Acuminata;) Scapha ; glaberrima, caulibus erectis gracilibns
teretibus internodiis inferioribus maculatis, 1-foliatis, vaginis appressis,
folio oblongo-lanceolato crasse coriaceo suberecto basi angnstato, dorso
acute carinato supra saturate viridi subtus pallidiore, racemo folio multo
longiore pendulo laxirloro, rachi gracillima, bracteis tubulosis albis,
oblique truncatis, Horibus 2^-3 poll, longis gracile pedicellatis, sepalis
lanceolatis in caudas filiformes lamina multo longiores recurvas angus-
tatis, lateralibus connatis albis rubro striatis, dorsali rubro-purpureo,
petalis sepalis aaquilongis e basi angusta caudato-acuminatis pallidis
patenti-recurvis, labelli lobis lateralibu3 falciformibus decurvis, interme-
dio duplo longiore lineari carnoso integerrim glaberrim, columna
acuta medio dorso incrassata, anthera mitriforme.
P. Scapha, Bcichh.f. in Gard. Ghron. (1874) vol. ii. p. 162. Xen. Orchid, vol. iii.
p. 86, 247, t 1. Hemsl. in Gard, Chron. (1881) vol.i. p. 784, f. 139 vol ii
p. 42.
Pleurothallis Scapha has been long known in cultivation,
having been introduced by Mr. .). Day before the year
1874, when it was described by Reichenbach. It belongs
to Lindley's section Acuminate, characterized by the leaves
narrowed at the base, the long racemes and the acuminate
sepals, and to the subdivision of this with long-pedicelled
flowers. Its nearest ally is P. insignis, Rolfe (Tab.
6936) which has much fewer and larger flowers, and a lip
bearded at the tip. The native country of both these
species is unknown, but P. insignis has been supposed to
have been sent from Caraccas.
The specimen figured was communicated to the Royal
Gardens by Mr. Moore, A.L.S., Keeper of the Glasnevin
Gardens, Dublin. It flowered in a cool house in January
of the present year.
Descr. — Stem two to five inches high, erect, rigid, terete,
as thick as a crow-quill ; internodes one to one and a halt
inch long, lower pale brown spotted with dark red, upper
August 1st, lH[)i)_
(leaf-bearing) one to two inches long, green. Leaf four to
six inches long, oblong-lanceolate, tip recurved obtuse,
narrowed to the base, thickly coriaceous, keeled dorsally,
dark green above, paler beneath, nerves very obscure.
Raceme six to ten -fid., with the peduncle nearly a foot
long, very slender, decurved and pendulous ; sheaths
closely appressed, streaked with brown. Flowers remote,
long-pedicelled ; bracts green, tubular with obliquely trun-
cate rather dilated mouths ; pedicels three-fourths to an
inch long, filform. Ovary one-fourth to half an inch long,
green, subterete. Dorsal sepal two and a half inches long,
ovate-lanceolate, narrowed into a filiform tail four or five
times as long as the convex blade, white with three red-
purple streaks ; lateral sepals connate into a red-purple
lanceolate blade which is narrowed into a slender tail,
like that of the dorsal. Petals with a yellowish blade,
much smaller than the sepals, but narrowed into as long
spreading recurved tails. Lip yellow; side lobes sickle-
shaped, decurved, half as long as the strict linear fleshy
subacute mid-lobe. Cvlumv very short, stout, acute.
Anther mitriform. — J. J). H.
Fig. 1 Lip ; 2, side and 3 front view of column ; 4 anther ; 5, pollinia— All
enlarged.
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7432
i ! ."onlmp
■
Tab. 7432.
HELIANTHUS debilis.
Native of the Southern United States.
Nat. Orel. Composite. — Tribe Helianthoide.e.
Genus Helianthus, Linn.; (BentA. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 376.)
Helianthus debilis; annnus, hispidulus, eaulee basi ramoso r ramis gracilibus,
foliis longe petiolatis ovatis deltoideisve subacutis grosse insequaliter
crenato-dentatis denticulatisque e basi cuneato 3-nerviis, floribus amplis
graeile peduuculatis, involucri bracteis patentibus inasqualibus berbaceis
lanceolatis acuminatis scabridis, receptaculi planiusculi bracteolis truu-
catis v. insequaliter 2-3-fidis-dentatisve, corollis radii sub 3-seriatis
elliptico-oblongis 3-5-nervis aureiy, disci corollis cyiindraceis mbro-brun-
neis, achseniis obovato-oblongis bispidulis, pappi setis brevibus insequali-
bus coriaceis.
H. debilis, Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. N.S. vol. viii. (1841) p. 367. Torr.
& Gray ,Fl. N. Am. vol. ii. p. 320. Chapm. PI. S. JJn. St. p. 229. A. Gray,
Synapt. PL N. Am., Gamopet. part i. p. 273.
H. precox, Engelm. & Gray in Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. v. (1817) 221, and
PI. Lindh. vol. i. p. 13.
H. debilis, var. cucumerifolius, A. Gray I. c. Gard. Chron. (1895) vol. i. p. 167,
fig. 24.
H. cucumerifolius, Torr. & Gi: Fl. N. Am. vol. ii. 319.
Helianthus debilis belongs to a small section of the
genus in which the root is annual, chiefly natives of the
Southern States of ~N. America, and which includes six
species, the common H. animus, Linn., being one of them.
A. Gray says of the whole group that the species are
" difficult of determination, and apparently confluent."
He includes under it II. prsecox, as a variety with a more
hispid stem, but Chapman retains this, describing it as
erect, B. debilis being more or less decumbent, and
having 15-20 ray-flowers, whereas he attributes only
10-14 to H. debilis. Chapman further describes the
flowers of debilis as small, but Gray says of them that
they are half an inch or more in diameter.
II. cucumerifolius, Torr & Gray, is described by Gray
as another form of debilis, distinguished by its greater
Seftemisek 1st, 1895.
size, usually purple-mottled stem, aud more numerous
broader rays, 15-20 in number, an inch and more long,
and its irregularly serrate leaves with salient teeth. A
careful comparison of a suite of authentically named speci-
mens of debilis, prascox, and cucumerifolius shows that there
are no good grounds for distinguishing them as varieties,
they differ considerably, but only in the size of the leaves
and flowers, those of the specimen here figured are much
larger than in any of the native ones, and the nearest
approach to it is labelled H. debilis by Gray. In the
Gardener's Chronicle H. debilis var. cucumerifolius is de-
scribed as having stems blotched with purple (as described
by Gray), and as suited to a perennial border ; but the stems
of the Kew plant are speckled with white, and the plant
is an annual.
II. debilis was raised at Kew from seeds purchased from
a nurseryman. It is a native of the sandy sea shores of
Florida, Louisiana, and E. Texas. At Kew the plants
flowered in an open border in September, 1894
Descr. — Annual; whole plant hispidulous. Stem branch-
ing from below ; branches two feet long, slender, green,
3peckled with white. Leaves, lower opposite, upper alter-
nate, three to four inches long, ovate or deltoid, subacute,
more or less irregularly crenate or toothed, or acutely
sublobulate and denticulate, thin , rough on both surfaces,
dark green, 3-nerved from the cuneate or truncate base;
petiole one to three inches long, slender. Flower-heads
two to three inches in diameter, on slender peduncles.
Involucre of many spreading unequal herbaceous, lanceolate
acuminate scabrid bracts. Receptacle nearly flat, with
narrow unequally toothed or rarely entire chaffy bracteoles.
Ray-flowers twelve to twenty, bright golden yellow ; limb
oblong, obtuse, three to five-nerved. Disk-flowers maroon
brown ; corolla cylindric ; lobes obtuse, suberect, Achene
obovate-oblong, pubescent; pappus bristles about two,
very unequal, short, rigid.—/. D. H.
i ? g 'A °? a ? 7 and base of corolla of ray-fl. ; 2, bracteole of receptacle;
9, ft, ot the disk ; 4, stamens ; 5, style-arms t— All enlarged.
Tab. 7433.
rumex hymenoseralus.
Native of New Mexico and Arizona.
Nat. Ord. Polygona.ce;e. — Tribe Rumice^.
Genus Kumex, Linn.; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 200.)
Kumex hymenosepalus ; glaberrima radice tuberoaa, caulibus erectia elatia
robustis, fohia oblongis ovato- v. lanceolato-oblougia acuminatis in
petiolum crassum angustatia uudulatis pallide viribidus, reticulatim
veuoaia, coate crassa, nervia primariia utrinque 6-10, atipulis magnis
hyalinia caducia, paniculia axillaribua et terniinalibus deniifloris pedi-
cellis floribua bermaphrodis brevioribua baai versus articulatis, sepalis
interioribua quam exterioribus multo majoribus amplia orbicularibua veno-
sis, fructiferis basi cordatia intua e callosia integerritnis, akeniis £ poll,
longia.
~R. bymeBosepalua, Torrey Bot. Mexlc. Bound, p. 177. S. Wats. Bot. Calif.
vol. ii. p. 8 and 479. Am. Joum. P/iarm. 1876, p. 49; Aug. 1889,
and April, 1893. Kew Bulletin, 1890, p. 63, and 1891 p. 167,
Joum. & Trans. Pharmac. Soc. 1889, p. 187, and July, 1893, p. 42.
Nugent in Foreign Off. Report, 1894, n. 1879.
S. Saxei, Kellogg in Pacif. Rural Press, June, 1879.
Considerable interest attaches to the plant here figured,
on account of its tanning properties, which have led to its
cultivation in the United States' experimental station
attached to the Agricultural College at Las Cruces, " where
the evolution of the plant from the wild to the cultivated
state is being closely watched and recorded." A very
full account of its history, chemical, and other properties,
together with the steps being taken in America for its pro-
fitable culture, will be found in the Kew Bulletin cited above.
Its native name is Canaigre (or Ganagra), and the tan-
ning material is contained in the roots in large quantities.
These roots are described as globular or fusiform, two to
six inches long, and three inches in diameter, of a dark
reddish colour, and growing in clusters like sweet potatoes.
Its properties are said to have been known to the Mexicans
for more than two centuries.
E. hymenosepalus is a native of the driest regions of
Northern Mexico and the South Western States of N.
Sl.rTEMRF.R 1*T. 1896,
America, from South California to Arizona, New Mexico,
and from Western Texas and South Utah. It was
first known botanically from being collected during
the United States' Survey of the Mexican Boundary, by
Dr. Parry, Botanist to that expedition, the results of which
were published by Dr. Torrey. The stem and leaves have
a pleasant acidity, and are, according to Watson, used in
California and Utah, under the name of Wild Pie plant.
The specimen figured was raised from seeds sent to the
Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1890 by Dr. F. H. Goodwin, of
Tucson, Arizona, which flowered in the herbaceous ground
in June, 1894.
Descr. — Quite glabrous. Boot of fusiform tubers. Stem
twelve to twenty-four inches high, stout, terete, leafy, and
as well as the whole plant perfectly glabrous, pale green,
suffused with brown. Leaves six to ten inches long by
two to three broad, oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, narrowed into a stout petiole, pale grey-green on
both surfaces, rather mottled beneath, reticulately nerved;
midrib stout ; nerves six to ten pairs. Panicles axillary
and terminal, subsessile, three to five inches long. Flowers
nearly half an inch in diameter, crowded, bisexual, green ;
pedicels a sixth to a third of an inch long, jointed at the
base, red brown. Outer sepals minute, inner very large,
orbicular, cordate at the base ; fruiting two-thirds of an
inch in diameter, pale brown, quite entire, disk without
a callus. Anthers linear. Ovary very broadly ovoid.
Achene about one-sixth of an inch long.— J. D. H.
.JEff" 1 i^ lower 5 2 , and 3, stamens; 4, ovary -.-all enlarged; 5, fruiting
panicle of the natural size.
743?
Tab. 7434.
CLE YE R A FoRTUNEi.
Native of Japan ?
Nat. Ord. Ternstr<emiace;e. — Tribe Terxstrcemie.e.
Genus Cletera., DO. ; (Benth. & Hook. /. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 183.)
CiETERA Forttinei ; foliia 4-6-pollicaribus elliptico-v. lineari-oblongis obtusius-
culis utrinque sensim angustatis lucidis, costa nervisque prominulis,
pedicellis confertis ^-pollicaribus, floribus § poll, latis, petalis primalinis
sepalis obtusis ciliolatis triplo longioribus, staminibus 15-20 filamentis
inasquilongis, antheris oblongis pilosis.
C. Fortunei, Hook.f. in Gard. Chron. 1895, vol. i. p. 10.
C. japonica, foliis variegatis, Hort.
Eurya? Sp. Gard. Chron. 1861, p. 735.
E. latifolia variegata, Versrhaff. in Expos. Gand 1882, ex Bullet. Fed. Soc.
Hort. de Belgique (1886), p. 394.
The first account of this handsome shrub is contained
ill the Hardener's Chronicle for 1861, where it is alluded
to as a new Japanese plant, introduced by Fortune, and
exhibited by Mr. Standish at a meeting of the Royal
Horticultural Society, as a broad-leaved Eurya. It has been
in cultivation ever since, but never having been observed
in a flowering state till comparatively recently, its genus has
remained doubtful. That it is a Cleyera is evident ; but
the Asiatic species of that genus are so very closely allied,
that the establishing a new one, on what is no doubt a
garden variety, and probably due to Japanese or Chinese
skill, is a hazardous proceeding. I say Japanese or
Chinese, for Fortune sent variegated-leaved shrubs from
both countries, and the absence of any specimen of G.
Fortunei in the rich Herbarium of Japanese plants at Kew
is suspicious.
There are three described C ley eras ; two Indian (per-
haps varieties of one) C. ochnacea, DC, and G. grandijtofa,
Hook. f. & Thorns.; the third is G. japonica,* Sieber &
Zucc, a native of Japan, China, and Formosa, which has by
some botanists been regarded as a form of C. orlinnrca. The
* Which must not be confounded with OUjftra japonic*, Thunb., a species
of T tr iu t ram ia.
Svman 1st. 1895.
chief difference between the Japanese and the Indian
species is the well-marked venation of the leaves of the
latter ; the nerves of G. japonica being, in the dried leaf,
very obscure. Both vary in the size of the flowers and
leaves, and in the form of the latter. The large flowered
form would appear, from the specimen in the Kew Her-
barium from all three localities, to be the more common
of the two.
C. Fortunei agrees with G. ochnacea and grandiflora in
the nervation of the leaves, and with the last in the size
of the flowers ; but differs from both in the longer,
narrower leaves, and their thinner texture — characters
that may be due to cultivation ; and if the Himalayan
species were to prove to be also Chinese (as are so many
Himalayan shrubs), it would strengthen the suggestion I
have thrown out, that G. Fortunei is of Chinese, and not
Japanese origin.
The above notes appeared in the Gardener's Chronicle
in January last, and I have nothing to add to them. The
species must still be regarded as an unstable one, waiting
further evidence. The specimen here figured was kindly
forwarded by T. Acton, Esq., J.P., of Kilmacurragh,
Rathdrum, County Wicklow, in September, 1894.
Descr. — A glabrous, erect, much-branched shrub.
Branches stout, bark brown. Leaves four to six inches
long, elliptic- or linear-lanceolate, subobtuse, narrowed
at both ends, bright green, variegated with golden-yellow
and scarlet towards the margins ; midrib and nerves
slender. Flowers one half to two-thirds of an inch in
diameter, solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves,
or on nodes of the branches ; pedicels half an inch long,
stout, green and red. Calyx small, 5-lobed ; lobes shortly
oblong, ciliolate, red brown. Petals a fourth to a third
of an inch long, oblong, obtuse, pale yellow, margins in-
curved. Stamens fifteen to twenty, of unequal length;
anthers adnate to the filaments, oblong, hairy ; connective
shortly produced. Ovary shortly, stoutly stipitate, broadly
OVOid, 2-celled ; style erect, tip 2-fid ; ovules many in each
cell. — J. l) , iJ.
4. ™J' - Flow f?" * ith the , petals removed ; 2, petal and stamens ; 3, anther ;
4 ovary ; ,■>, vertical, and 6, transverse section of do. i—AU enlarged.
m&
Tab. 7435.
ATRAPHAXIS Muschketowi.
■ Native of Central Asia.
Nat. Ord. Polygonace^e. — Tribe Eupolygoneje.
Genus Atraphaxis, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 96.)
Atraphaxis (Tragopyrum) Muschketoici ; frutex glab»rrimus, rami9 flexuosis,
foliis l-l|-polliearibus oblongis obtusis crenulatis basi cuneatis v. rotun-
datis pailide viridibus, nervis gracilibus arcnatis, stipnlis ad medium
connatis elongato-subulatis, racemis terminalibus breviter peduDculatis
oblongis, floribus | poll. diam. albis ovario antherisque rubellis, pedi-
cellis gracilibus penanthio longioribus basin versus articulatis, periauthii
segmentis exterioribuB 2 ovatis oblusis deflexis quam 3 exterioribua
erectis dimidio brevioribus, stamiuibus 8-9, stylis brevibus, achaanio
triquetro.
A. Mnscbketowi, Krassn. Descr. PI Nov. v. Minus cogn. (1886), 20; Fl. Titian
Schan. p. 340.
Tragopyrum lanceolatum, var. latifolium, Regel in Gartenjl. t. 1344 (1894),
fig. 1-3.
I have retained for this plant the name under which it
was published by Krassnov, though expecting that when
the species of Atraphaxis shall have been critically studied,
it will prove to be a form of a previously published one.
It has been referred by Regel to A. lanceolata, Meissn.
(in DC. Prodr. xiv. pt. i. p. 78) ; (Tragopyrum lanceola-
tum, Bieb.), which includes the Siberian and Dahurian
Polygonum fruticosum, Linn. (Fl. Jjpsal. p. 95 ; Sp. PL
p. 359). Of this (the Linnaean) plant I have examined
the specimen in the Linnaean Herbarium. It is a very
small and narrow-leaved species, with small flowers, quite
unlike Trag. lanceolatum, Bieb., and very different from
A. MusrJiketoiri. The figure of P. fruticosum, given in the
Botanical Register (t. ^54), which was taken from a
specimen that flowered in Fulham Xurseries in 1818
resembles the Linnaean specimen in foliage, but differs
in the flowers being rather larger, and in a leafy
raceme. Atraphaxis micrantha, Jaub. & Sp. (PI. I 'I.
Or. vol. ii. p. 15), doubtfully referred to A. lanceolata
by Meissner, is probably P. fruticosum of Lin mens
Herb. It must further be borne in mind that Linnasus has
cited under P. fruticosum a Levant plant of Tournefort
September 1st, 189
(A. Tournefortii, Jaub. & Sp.), so that his species is, like
Meissner's, a composite one. Another allied plant is
A. buxifolia, Jaub. & Sp. (Polygonum crispulum, Tab.
1065) which has the racemes of A. MuschJcetowi, but the
pedicels are jointed about the middle, and the perianth
segments crisped.
As with so many Central Asiatic shrubs, the leaves of
the species of Atraphaxis vary extremely, and together
with the habit of the plant, depend on the aridity or
moisture of the locality they grow in. A. MuschJcetowi is
a native of the foot of the Alatau Mts. a member of the
great Thian Schan range of Central Asia, where it was
found by Krassnov near the Amatinka river in lat. 43° 0'
N. and long. 77° 47' E. The specimen figured is from a
plant sent from the Imperial gardens of St. Petersburg to
the Royal Gardens, Kew, where it flowered in May and
June in the Arboretum.
Descr.—A dwarf, leafy, spreading, deciduous shrub, three
feet in diameter ; bark of branches brown. Leaves one to
one and a half inches long, very shortly petioled, oblong,
acute, crenulate, pale green, nerves arching ; stipules half
an inch long, erect, subulate, connate to about the middle.
Racemes terminal, chiefly in whorls, lateral branches one to
one and a half inch long, very shortly peduncled, oblong.
i* lowers about a third of an inch broad, white, with red
anthers and ovary ; peduncle very slender, longer than the
perianth, jointed above the base. Perianth 5-partite ; two
outer perianth-segments oblong, reflexed, about half as
long as the orbicular, erect, inner. Stamens 8. Ovary
trigonous ; style very short.—/. I) H
S "fnth^ St ^ Ule3; 2 ' fls " with Pedicel; 3, perianth, stamen and ovary; 4 and
i>, anthers ; b, ovary -.—All enlarged.
7434
Ro„,„ <
Tab. 7436.
RICHARDTA Rehmanni.
Native of Natal.
Nat. Ord. AeoidejE. — Tribe Philodendre*.
Genus Richardia, Kunth; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 982.)
Richardia Rehmanni ; foliis anguste elliptico-lanceolatis acuminatis in
petiolum angustatis plagia elongatis pallidis notatis, nervis omnibus
tenuissimis, spathae tubo cylindraceo extus pallide vivescente intus
toto albo, limbo Ianceolato albo plus minusve roseo tincto acuminato
supra medium revoluto, oris margine recurvo, spadice stipitato.
It. Rebmanni, N.E. Br. in Hort. Bot. Cantab. Krelagein Gard. Ghron. 1893,
vol. ii. p. 564, fig. 94 (splialm. Lehmanni), et in Gartenjl. 1894, p. 12, f. 7.
W. Wats, in Gard. Ghron. 1894, vol. ii. p. 364.
Zantedeschia Rebmanni, Engl. Bot. Jahrh. vol. iv. (1883), p. 63.
R. Rebmanniana, nov. in textu, ante sub tab. 7397 (sphalm.).
De Waals Richardia, Masters in Gard Ghron. 1893, I. c.
Under Tab. 7397 of this work I have alluded to the
plant here figured under the name of Richardia Rehman-
niana, for which I failed at the time to find any authority.
Its now having flowered at Kew gives me the opportunity
of clearing up its history, which is somewhat involved.
In 1888 Mr. Lynch sent a specimen of it from the Botanical
Gardens of Cambridge to the Kew Herbarium, where it
was examined and recognized by Mr. Brown to be the
Zantedeschia Rehmanni of Engler, and a true Richardia.
This information was communicated to Mr. Lynch by Mr.
Brown, who may hence be regarded as the originator of
the name the plant now bears.
R. Rehmanni was discovered on grassy, stony hills
near Standerton, Natal, by Mr. Rehmann, and, as stated
above, was described as a Zantedeschia, Its introducer
into England was Mr. R. W. Adlam, who sent tubers to
Mr. Lynch in July, 1888, as a rose-fld. Richardia. These
tubers, on first flowering at the Cambridge Botanical
Gardens, had white spathes, without any tinge of rose,
and on informing Mr. Adlam of this, that gentleman
answered from Natal :—" The Richardia with pink
flowers has behaved just the *;\mo here, i.e. flowering
Septemkek 1st. lH9. r >.
nearly white, with hardly a trace of pink. Yet when I
collected it the spathes were nearly of the colour of a
Homere rose. It grew in crevices of granite rock, not
in swamps.''
For tubers of B. Rehmanni the Royal Gardens are
indebted to Mr. Medley Wood, Curator of the Durban
Gardens. These were received in 1893, and the plants
flowered in the Cape House in October, 1894. The species
differs from any hitherto described in foliage, colour, and
the stipitate spadix.
Descr. — Leaves ten to twelve inches long, narrowly
elliptic, lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed into and much
longer than the stout petiole, undulate and recurved,
bright green on both surfaces, with scattered linear
blotches of greenish white, parallel to the very numerous
close-set slender nerves ; midrib stout, pale green.
Peduncles shorter than the leaves, green. Spathe about
five inches long, erect ; tube two inches long by about one
in diameter, cylindric, pale green, white to the base
within ; limb lanceolate, undulate, acuminate, white, suf-
fused with pink on the margins, upper third recurved,
margins of mouth recurved. Spadix two inches long, its
stipes rather more than half an inch, and as long as the
female portion. Chary glabrous, stigma sessile — J. D. II.
Fig. 1 Base of apathe and spadix ; 2, anther: 3, ovary ; 4, vertical section
of do. ; 5, ovnlo .—All enlarged.
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7737.
Tab. 7437.
ANTHURIITM Gustavi.
Native of New Grenada.
Nat. Ord. Aroide;e. — Tribe Orontie^:.
Genus Antiiurium, Schott. ; (Benth. So Hooh.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 998.)
Anthttrium (Cardiophyllum) Gustavi; acaule, foliis longe petiolatis cordato-
ovatis obtusis, margine undulatis, lobis rotunda tis, sinu oblongo, nervis
primariis utrinque 10-15 iDferioribus retrorsis, petiolo lamina longiore
teretiusculo alte costato, geniculo mediocri, spatha cylindracea lente
curva pedali breviter crasse pedunculata basin versus sensim tumescente
apice attennata obtusa crasse coriacea luride purpurea laavissima margini-
bua incurvis, spadice spatha paulo longiore sessili cylindracea obtusa
purpurea, sepalis linearibus truncatis subtrigonis intus profunde canali-
culars, filamentis linearibus compressis, antheris late oblongis, ovario in
stylum crassum elongatum attenuato.
A. Gustavi, Begel in Gartenfl, v. 1878 (1878), p. 324, nomen, et (1882), p. 67,
t. 1076. Engler, Monogr. Arac. in DG. Monogr. Phanerogam, vol. ii.
p. 640, nomen.
Anthurium Gustavi was discovered by G.Wallis nearBuona-
ventura, a seaport in the province of Cauca, in New Grenada,
and was introduced by him into the Imperial Botanical
Gardens of St. Petersburg in 1878. There it flowered,
and was figured by Regel in the Gartenfloram 1882, but the
spathe, according to the description given, was only a little
over five inches (13 cm.) long; and the petiole is described
as subterate. The leaves, however, had attained the same
dimensions as those of the Kew specimen. The plant here
figured was obtained from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St.
Albans. It is growing in a large pan over the tank in the
Victoria House of the Royal Gardens, where the leaves
attain a diameter of three feet, and the petioles a length
of three and a half feet. The species had previously been
sent (in 1887) to the Royal Gardens from Herrenhausen,
Hanover, by Dr. Wendland, but had not flowered.
Descr. — Stern very short, stout, tuberous ; basal sheaths
few, small, red-brown, not enveloping the base of the petioles
and peduncle. Leaves one and a half to nearly four feet
long, rather longer than their petioles, broadly ovate-cor-
date, obtuse, thinly coriaceous, bright green above, paler
October 1st, 1895.
beneath ; basal-lobes rounded ; sinus oblong ; nerves ten t
fifteen pairs, pale green or reddish, of which four to s,
pairs are recurved, and occupy the lobes, all uniting in a
faint intramarginal nerve ; petiole subterete, with about
twelve sharply keeled parallel ridges, green, purple at the
base ; knee at the apex about an inch long, green. Spat he
cylindric, a foot long, by one and a half inch diameter at
the rather tumid rounded base, gently curved, elongate
linear-lanceolate, narrowed at the rather thickened obtuse
tip, margins incurved ; peduncle hardly an inch long, very
stout, and like the spathe, dark violet-purple. Spadix
rather longer than the spathe, an inch in diameter, cylindric,
gradually narrowed from the sessile base to the rounded
tip, red-purple. Sepals linear, truncate, deeply grooved in
front. Filaments linear, flat ; anthers shortly oblong.
Ovary narrowed into a very stout style, stigma simple. —
Pig. 1, Section of petiole; 2, flowers; 3, flower with one sepal removed;
4, a sepal ; 5 and 6, stamens ; 7, section of ovary : — All enlarged.
74$
f-ffHtdUifl.
■Reeve 4. C '.'.London.
Tab. 7438.
MORMODES Rolfeanum.
Native of Peru.
Nat. Ord. Obciiide,e. — Tribe Vande^:.
Genua Mormodes, Lindl. ; (Benth. £f Hook.f. Gen. Flant. vol. iii. p. 552.)
Mormodes Rolfeanum; pseudobulbis fusiformibus, foliis lanceolatis acurmnatig
nerviia, pedunculo robusto suberecto paucifloro, bracteis viridibus, floribus
erectie, sepalis petalisque aureia sanguineo striatis et conspersis, sepalis
ovatis obtuse acnminatis detiexia, petalia orbiculari-obovatia acutis erectis
inciirvia lateralibua reflexis, labello sepalis sequilongo erecto forte incurvo
e basi angusto oblongo apice cnapidato v. rotandato, intaa rubro-castaneo,
columna alba roaeo pallide irrorata.
M. Rolfeanum, Linden in Lindenia, vol. vii. p. 5, t. 289. Masters in Gar d,
Chron. 1892, vol. i. p. 203, fig. 30.
The genus Mormodes is rapidly increasing in number of
species. At the date of the publication of the Orehidem in
the M Genera Plantarum " by Mr. Bentham (1883) fourteen
species were known. Twenty-four are enumerated in
Part III. of the "Kew Index," published in 1894, and
Mr. Rolfe informs me that not a few have since been dis-
covered. It affords me great pleasure to be able to figure
so fine a plant, dedicated, as it is, to a late colleague at
Kew, who has ever most generously given me the aid of
his unequalled knowledge of the difficult Order to which
Mormodes belongs, whether in the preparation of the matter
for the " Botanical Magazine " or of the " Flora of British
India."
M. Rolfeanum is not very closely allied to any other.
Of the eight already figured in this Magazine, it comes
nearest in some characters to M. Greenii (Tab. 5802),
especially in the form of the sepals, petals and lip, but
that is a much larger plant, with a long pendulous many-
fld. raceme, the sides of the lip are incurved, and its tip
is bifid and erosely ciliate. The colouration, too, of the
whole flower is entirely different.
The plant was obtained from Mr. Linden's establishment,
Ociobeb 1st, 1895.
" L' Horticulture International " of Brussels, in 1893, and
flowered in the Tropical Orchid House of the Koyal
Gardens in January, 1895.
Descr. — Pseudobulbs three to four inches long, fusiform,
terete, straight, pale green. Leaves eight to ten inches long,
by one and a half to two inches broad, lanceolate, acumi-
nate, light green above ; paler speckled with dark green,
and strongly nerved beneath ; petiole stout, three to five
inches long, green and speckled. Scape six inches high,
stout, erect, pale green, with two or three short obtuse,
green, appressed sheaths. Raceme terminal, few-fld. ;
bracts about a third of an inch long, ovate-oblong, ap-
pressed, green. Floivers erect, four inches long from the tips
of the deflexed sepals to that of the erect lip ; sepals and
petals and back of the lip golden-yellow, streaked and
speckled with blood-red. Sepals broadly ovate, obtusely
acuminate, deflexed. Petals erect, almost orbicular, obtuse
or apiculate, rather broader than the sepals. Lip as long
as the sepals, erect and strongly arched inward, obovate-
oblong (when spread out) from a subunguiculate base, dark
red-chestnut within, tip rounded or apiculate, sides revo-
lute. Column white, clouded with red. — J. D. B.
Fig. 1, Column ; 2, anther^cap ; 3, pollinia : — All enlarged.
fc
- &
7439
■ ACUoMcn
Tab. 7439.
POLYGALA Galpini.
Native of the Swaziland.
Nat. Ord. Polygaleje.
Genus Polygala, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 136.)
Polygala Galpini; fruticulua gracillimuB, ramulis flexuosis petiolis foliia
stibtus racemique rachi hiBpidulis, foliis petiolatis ovatis acuminatia
ciliolatis basi rotundatia v. subcordatis, racemis axillaribus erectis mnlti-
florie, floribus majusculis pallide roseo-lilacinis, sepalis deciduis, 3 exterio-
ribus late ovatia obtuaia cymbiformibua, dorsali lateralibu8 dnplo fere
longiore, alia obovatis capsula latioribua, corollse lobia lateralibus oblongia
obtuais, carinse lobis truncatis plicatia, capsiula (immatura) fere orbiculari
emarginata anguste alata, atylo apice incurvo anguste buccasformi trun-
cato, atigmate punctiforme.
P. Galpini, Hooh.f.
The genus Polygala is very numerous in South Africa,
as indeed it is in many other countries ; and the species
have proved to be difficult of limitation, and more so of
classification. In respect of the first of these obstacles,
P. Galpini is happily an exception, for there is none to
which it comes near in habit and foliage ; and as to the
second it takes its place in the group designated " Hispi-
dse " by Harvey in the " Flora Capensis," characterized as
consisting of small, half-herbaceous, or suffruticose plant,
with ovate or lanceolate (or sublinear) pubescent leaves,
terminal or lateral erect racemes, and wings of calyx
broader than the capsule.
P. Galjnni was discovered by the collector, W. T. Gerrard,
in Xatal or Zululand nearly half a century ago. Mr. Galpin
describes it as a shrub three to five ft. high, growing
amongst shrubs or banks of streamlets and margins of
woods at Haveloek Concession, Swaziland, and Devil's
Bridge, in cool places at elevation of 4-5000 ft. In cul-
tivation its habit is more erect than in the wild state, and
it forms a very graceful greenhouse ornament. The plant
figured was raised from seeds sent in 1889 by Mr. Galpin,
Octobeb 1st, 1895.
of Barberton in the Transvaal, and flowered in the Tem-
perate House of the Koyal Gardens, Kew, in September,
1894, when about a foot high.
Descr. — A very slender straggling shrub, three to five
ft. high, with flexuous branches, branehlets, petioles,
nerves of leaf beneath and inflorescence sparsely hispidulous.
Leaves two to three inches long, shortly petioled, ovate,
acuminate, bright green above, paler beneath, margins cilio-
late ; nerves four or five pairs, sunk above, reddish beneath ;
petiole one-third to half an inch long, reddish. Racemes
axillary, erect, three to four inches long, rachis hispidulous ;
pedicels one-sixth to one-fourth of an inch long, of lower
flowers decurved ; bracts as long as the pedicels or longer,
ovate-lanceolate, green, caducous. Flowers nearly an inch
across the expanded wings, pale rose-lilac. Sepals five,
three outer about half the length of the wings, broadly
ovate, cymbiform, obtuse, ciliolate, the dorsal much the
largest ; wings obovate. Corolla shorter than the wings ;
two lateral lobes oblong, obtnse, rather shorter than the
keel, which is tsvo-lobed, the lobes truncate and plicate.
Upper third of style upcurved, trumpet-shaped, tip truncate,
with a punctiform stigma in front. Young capsule nearly
orbicular, very narrowly winged. — J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Flower ; 2, corolla with one petal removed ; 3, top of filament and
anther ; 4, ovary and disk :— All enlarged.
1440.
"Bmart
A. Santa?
Tab. 7440.
TULIPA vroLACEA.
Native of Persia.
Nat. Ord. Liliace^e. — Tribe Tulipe.e.
Genns Tulipa, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hooh.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 818.)
Tulipa violacea; bulbo ovoideo, tunicis exterioribus chartaceis brnnneis apice
tautum pilosis, caule glabro uuifloro, foliis 3-5 crebris ascend entibus glabris
inferioribus lanceolatis superioribus linearibus, pedunculo glabro gracili
elongato, periantbio campanulato basi cuneato ssepissime splendide
rubro raro albo-rubello, segmentis conformibus oblongis subacutis basi
macula nigra albo-marginata prseditis, staminibus nigris, filamentis supra
basin pilosis, ovario triquetro-cylindrico stigmatibus parvis.
T. violacea, Boiss. et Buhse Atifzahl Transcauc. p. 211. Baker in Journ. Linn.
Soc. vol. xiv. p. 290. Boiss. Fl. Orient, vol. v. p. 199.
This beautiful tulip is one of the few species that have
filaments hairy near the base, and bright red flowers. It
is allied to T. Haageri (Bot. Mag. tab. 6242), and T. pul-
chella (Bot. Mag. tab. 6304). It was first described from
specimens gathered by Buhse in 1848 in Northern Persia at
an elevation of 6000 to 8000 feet. Boissier, writing in
1881, says that he has seen it cultivated from the neigh-
bourhood of Teheran. In 1882 it was found by Pichler
on Mount Elwend, in the neighbourhood of the snow ; and
in 1890 it was collected by Dr. Strauss in the district
of Sultanabad in the Raswand Mountains, whence it was
sent to Leichtlin. Our drawing was made from plants
grown from bulbs which the latter gentleman presented
to the Royal Gardens, Kew, and which flowered at
the end of March, 1895. The flower in these was bright
mauve-red, not violet, so that the name is misleading, but
our dried specimens show that it varies to red, with a
slight flush of red outside.
Descr. — Bulb ovoid, an inch in diameter ; outer tunics
dark brown, subcoriaceous, hairy only at the tip. Stems
one-flowered, under a foot long in the wild plant. Leaves
three to five, crowded, ascending, glabrous, slightly
glaucous, the lowest lanceolate, an inch broad, the others
October 1st, 1895.
linear. Peduncle long, erect, glabrous. Perianth cam-
panulate, with a contracted base, fragrant, an inch and a
half or two inches long, typically bright mauve-red, vary-
ing to white, with a slight flush of red outside ; segments
uniform, oblong, subacute, with a large blotch at the base
of black bordered with white. Stamens half an inch long,
black ; filaments hairy above the base. Ovary triquetro-
cylindrical, shorter than the stamens; stigmas small,
sessile. — /. G. Baker.
Fig. 1, Front view of stamen ; 2, back view of stamen ; 3, pistil -.—All
enlarged.
MS -<KJJratdvl;th
Vincent Brooks J)^*-
Tab. 7441.
STERNBERGIA Fischeeiana.
Native of the Caucasus, Persia and Asia Minor.
Nat. Ord. Amaryllide.e. — Tribe Amarylle^e.
Genus Sternbergia, Watdst. &Kit.; {Benih. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii,
p. 721.)
Sternbergia {Oporanthus) Fischeriana ; bulbo ovoideo, tunicis membranaceis
brunneis supra colluin productis, foliis 8-9 vernalibus synanthiis lineari-
bus obtusis glauco-viridibua integria, pedunculis brevibus unifloris,
spathis magnis membranaceis sa^pissime bifidia, ovario subsessili vel bre-
viter pedicellate*, perianthii citrini tubo brevi infundibular!, segmentis
oblongo-spatbulatis tubo multo longioribus, staminibus inajqualibus
perianthio manifeste brevioribus, antberis oblongis parvis luteis, stylo
elongato, stigmate capitato.
Sternbergia Fischeriana, Soem. Amaryll. p. 46. Kunth Enum. PI. vol. v.
p. 702. Boiss. Fl. Orient, vol. v. p. 147. Baker Handb. Amaryll. p. 29.
Oporanthus Fiacherianus, Herb. Amaryll. p. 412, tab. 47, tig. 3.
Amaryllis lutea, Bieh. Fl. Taur. Cauc. vol. ii. p. 255, non Linn.
This beautiful Sternbergia closely resembles the finest
forms of the well-known Sternbergia lutea (Amaryllis
lutea, Linn., Bot. Mag. tab. 290), but it flowers in spring
instead of autumn. Sternbergia was separated from
Amaryllis by Waldstein and Kitaibel, who named it in
honour of Count Sternberg, the monographer of the Saxi-
frages. Like S. lutea it is quite hardy in England, and it
is therefore likely to become a popular garden plant. It
was first described and figured by Herbert from the
Caucasus, where S. lutea has not been found. Bulbs of it,
collected in Persia, were received at the Royal Gardens,
Kew, from Messrs. Damman in 1894 ; and others from
the neighbourhood of Smyrna from Mr. E. Whittall in the
same year. Our drawing was made from plants that
flowered in a sunny, open border in the Royal Gardens,
Kew, in March, 1895, the bulbs of which were presented
by the latter gentleman.
Descr. — Bulb ovoid, one and a half or two inches in
diameter; outer tunics membranous, brown, produced
above its neck. Leaves 8-9 to a bulb, vernal, contem-
October 1st, 1895.
porary with the flowers, linear, obtuse, glaucous green,
half a foot long at the flowering season, lengthening out
afterwards. Peduncles short, one-flowered, two or three
to a strong bulb. Swathes membranous, white, usually
bifid. Perianth bright yellow ; tube funnel-shaped, under
half an inch long ; segments of the limb oblong-spathulate,
an inch and a half long. Stamens unequal, shorter than
the perianth; anthers small, oblong, versatile, yellow.
Ovary subsessile or shortly stalked ; style long, simple ;
stigma capitate. — J. G. Baker.
Tig. 1, Front view of stamen ; 2, back view of stamen ; 3, style and stigma:
—All enlarged.
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Tab. 7442.
ANGILECUM Kotschyi.
Native of East Tropical Africa.
Nat. Ord. Obchide.e. — Tribe VandEjE.
Germs Axgr^cum, Borg.; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 583.)
Axgk^cum (EuaTigrsecnm) Kotscliyi ; caule brevi, foliis amplia obovatis ob-
tusis rubro-punctatis, scapo brevi robusto, raceini penduli raohi
elongato laxifloro brunneo, bracteis brevibus triangularibus acutis, pedi-
cellis li-pollicaiibus decarvia, floribus 2| poll, diazn. albis, sepalis
petaliaque patenti-reflexis oblanceolatis acuminatis subtortis apiculatis,
apiculia bruanei3, labello spathulato explanato cuspidato ima basi
3-costato, calcari longissimo gracili flexuoso v. torto pallide fusco apice
anguste fusiformi, columna brevi crassa strarainea, rostello gracili
porrecto ascendente, anthera bemispherica, polliniis obloagia stipiti
angusto sessilibus, glandula oblonga majuscula.
A. Kotschyi, Reichb.f. in Gard, Chron. 1880, vol- ii. p. 456 and p. 693, fig.
181. O. Schneider in Orchidoph. 1883, Ic. p. 797. Warner & Williams,
Orchid. Album, t. 179. Veitch Man. Orchid, pt. vii. p. 132, cum Ic,
Wien Illustr. Gartenz. 1891, Ic. p. 309.
A. Grantii, Batem. mss.
As the exploration of tropical Africa advances, acces-
sions may be expected to the genus Angrxcnm, which will
probably prove to be the largest of epiphytic Orchids in the
dark continent and in Madagascar. Unfortunately for
Orchid growers, its flowers appear to be invariably white,
or if tinged with colour, green only. I do not remember
any other genus of epiphytic Orchids containing a con-
siderable number of species, and many of these large-
flowered, in which there is this such all but total absence
of colour.
Furthermore, judging from the importation of Orchids,
whether from the east or western coast, or the interior,
and from the accounts of many intelligent travellers, tropical
Africa is not only deficient in genera and species of epiphy-
tic Orchids, as compared with tropical Asia and America,
but such as have been found are in no respect the repre-
sentatives of Dendrobium and Catleya, or of such bizarre
forms as Catasetum and Stanhopea. On the other hand,
some of the terrestrial tropical African genera, as Phajus
and Lissochilus, afford species of remarkable beauty and
variety of colour.
November 1st, 1895.
Angrsecum Kotschyi is a native of Eastern tropical Africa,
where it appears to have a very wide range of distribution.
It was discovered by Theod. Kotschy (after whom it is
named) when travelling with Russeger in 1838, growing
on Capparidese, but the exact locality is not known. It was
next met with by G. J.Meller inl861,in the valleyof the Shire
river, not far from its junction with the Zambesi. In 1862
the oreat explorer Captain Grant found it in the Upper Nile,
at Gondokoro ; and Hildebrandt collected it, in 1876, on the
seashore in Zanzibar, whence plants were sent through
Mr. H. Waller to Messrs. Veitch by Sir John Kirk. These
flowered for the first time at Chelsea in 1880. Lastly,
plants were sent to Kew from the Kilimandjaro district by
Consul C. S. Smith, when acting as British Commissioner
for the delimitation of the Anglo-German Boundary in
1892, which flowered in the Tropical House of the Royal
Gardens in October of this year. The noble raceme here
figured was kindly forwarded by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bt.;
the leaves are from the Kew plant.
Descr. — Stem short ; roots very thick, brown. Leaves
three to four inches long, obovate, obtuse, pale yellowish
green speckled with red-brown, margins waved. Scape
short, with the pendulous raceme a foot to a foot and a
half long, as thick as a goose-quill, red-brown, decurved.
Raceme distantly many-fld. ; bracts small, triangular,
dark brown ; pedicels with the ovary one and a half to
two inches, flexuous, brown. Flowers white, two and a
half inches broad across the petals, white with a very
faint tinge of pink at the bases of the perianth segments.
Sepals and petals spathulately oblanceolate, apiculate, ex-
treme tips brown, spreading and reflexed, more or less
waved. Lip) broadly spathulate, with three short ridges
at the very base ; limb nearly orbicular, cuspidately acumi-
nate ; spur attaining a foot in length, very slender, flexuous,
thickened and pale brown, from one and a half to two
inches of the apex. Column short, stout ; rostellum long,
subulate, ascending. Anther hemispheric. Pollinia oblong;
strap slender, dilated upwards, as long as the pollinia;
gland obloug. — J. D. E.
Fig. 1, Lip and column; 2, clinandrmm and anther; 3, anther; 4 and
5, pollinia with strap and gland :— All enlarged.
7443
Tab. 7443.
SPATHOGLOTTIS Kimballiana.
Native of Borneo.
Nat. Ord. Orchide.e. — Tribe Dendrobieje.
Genus Spathoglottis, Plume; (Benth. 8c Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. Hi.
p. 571.)
Spathoglottis, Kimballiana ; elata, pseudobulbis vestigiis foliorum vestitis,
i'oliis 2-pedalibus anguste lineari-lanceolatis longe attenuato-acuminatis
5-7-nervis, bracteis cymbiformibus rafescentibus, floribus amplis, sepalis
petalisque consimilibas late oblongis obtusis intus aureis, sepaliB extus
striolis rubris aspersis, labelli lobis lateralibus magnis auricuke-
formibus incurvis intus basi rubro striolatis, lobo iniermedio angusto
glabro basin versus lobulis 2 rotundatis glabris basi 2-dentatis instructo
apice dilatato truncate
S. Kimballiana, Hort. Sander.
Under 8. gracilis, Plate 7366 of this work, I have alluded
to its very close relationship with 8. aurea, Lindl.,*
of Mt. Ophir, 8. Wrayi, Hk. f. of Perak, and the
subject of this article, adding, " it may well be doubted
whether these species are not varieties of one ; and all the
more from the fact of 8. gracilis and 8. Kimballiana
having been received from Borneo growing in the same
clump, by Messrs. Sander." The figure of 8. Kimballiana
here given, together with those of S. aurea, in Gard.
Chron., and 8. Wrayi {Hook. 1c. PL t. 2086) and of S.
gracilis, if they do not solve the doubt, enable the
botanist to see at a glance the differences between the
types of all ; but the resolution of the doubt awaits
a comparison of more specimens of each from other
localities than that of the types ; for until such are ob-
tained, the first desideratum, namely, the direction and
limits of the variation of each, cannot be taken into account.
In so far as available materials enable me to judge, the
* The typical S. aurea was introduced by Messrs. Veitch in 18-19, and pub-
lished in 1850 by Lindiey (in Paxt. Fl. Gard. vol. i. p. 16, and in Jo-urn. Mori.
Soc. Lond. (1850) 31), but the plant died before being figured. The species
was again introduced in 1886 from Borneo, by Messrs. Sander, and is described
by Eeichenbach and figured in the Gardener's Chronicle, 1888, vol. ii. p. 92,
fig. 9.
November 1st, 1895.
following are diagnostic characters of the five above named
species.
S. aurea ; surfaces of sepals concolorous, lateral lobes
of lip linear falcate, basal lobules villous within ; leaves
three feet long by one and a half inches broad.
8. gracilis ; surfaces of sepals concolorous, lateral lobes
of lip oblong-spathulate, or oblong-truncate, basal lobules
■within and lateral teeth villous, leaves two inches broad.
8. Kimballiana ; dorsal surface of sepals mottled with
red-brown striae, lateral lobes of lip broadly ear-shaped,
basal lobules and teeth glabrous ; leaves one to one and a
half inch broad.
8. Wrayi; surfaces of sepals unrecorded, lateral lobes
of lip linear-oblong, basal lobules and teeth glabrous;
leaves one and a half inch broad.
I have not taken into account the form of the terminal
lobe of the lip, which appears to be very variable.
Reichenbach says of that of aurea, " mid partition of apex
of lip subject to greatest variation, narrow and acute, or
broad, or very broad and simply refuse, or 3-toothed."
8. Kimballiana was named by Messrs. Sander in com-
pliment to the late Mr. W. S. Kimball, of Rochester,
U.S.A., Nurseryman, who is described in the Gardener s
Chronicle (1895, vol. i. p. 497) as famous for his collections
of pictures, china, and articles of vertu ; and especially
for his four hundred species and varieties of Gypripedium.
" In his great Orchid House, which is open daily to the
public, five thousand plants of this Order may be seen in
bloom at one time."
The specimen of 8. Kimballiana here figured was ob-
tained from Messrs. Sander & Co. in 1890. It flowers
every spring in the warm Orchid House of the Roval
Gardens. — /. D. E.
Fig. 1, Portion of lip • 2, column ; 3, anther; 4, pollinia :— All enlarged.
7444
Vincer.
Tab. 7444.
CATASETUM Lemosii.
Native of Brazil.
Nat. Ord. Oechide.e. — Tribe VandE/E,
Genus Catasetum, Rich. ; {Benth. 8? Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 551.)
Catasetum Lemosii ; pseudobulbis elongato-ovoideis pallidis sulcatis, foliia
oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis undulatis pallide viridibus, scapo ascen-
dente, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis viridibus, sepalis pallide
flavo-viridibus, dorsali erecto oblongo-lanceolato acuto, lateralibus retlexis
ovato-lanceolatis acutis, petalis flavo-viridibus erectis ovato-oblongis
acutis, labello galeato crasse coriaceo virescente trilobo ore late obcordato,
lobis lateralibus quadrato-rotundatis incurvis denticulatis, intermedio
parvo triangulari recurvo, columna crassa rostrata, antennis gracilibus
deflexis, polliniis oblongis caudiculae latiusculse sequilongis, glandula
magna orbiculari.
C. Lemosii, Bolfe in Kew Bulletin (1894), 394.
C. roseum, Bodrig. Gen. § Sp. Orchid. Nov. vol. i. p. 128, non Beichb.f.
As stated by Mr. Rolfe in the Kew Bulletin, Catasetum
Lemosii is the C. roseum of Don Barbosa Rodrigues, avIio
appears to have been unaware, when he published it in
1877, of a previous G. roseum having been described by
Reichenbach in the Gardener's Chronicle in 1872. For
this reason Mr. Rolfe has substituted for this the name
Lemosii, after Dr. Lemos, Superintendent of Schools
in the Province of Para. In another respect the change
of name is welcome, for neither in Don Rodrigue's drawing
of the plant (of which there is a copy in the Kew
Library) nor in specimens cultivated at Kew, are the flowers
really rose-coloured. Little dependence, however, can be
placed on colour in this, as in many other Orchids ; for
in Mr. Rolfe's description the sepals and petals are
brownish flesh-coloured, ultimately becoming tawny-
yellow ; whereas they are rather greenish-yellow in the
specimen here reproduced. According to Don Barbosa's
description the sepals and petals should be rosy, the tip
green behind, and orange-yellow in front.
Catasetum Lemosii is a native of the Tie de Marajo,
Province of Para, at the mouth of the Amazons, whence
plants were procured by Dr. Lemos, who gave them
November 1st, 1895.
s
to Mr. E. S. Rand, by whom a fine specimen was sent
to the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1&94, which flowered in
March of the present year. The species had previously
flowered (in 1892) in the collection of M. Robinow,
Esq., of Hawthornden, Didsbury. Our figure is of the
male plant ; the female, which (as with its congeners) no
doubt differs greatly in its flowers, is as yet undiscovered.
Descr. — Pseudobulbs two to four inches long, elon-
gate ovoid, deeply grooved, pale grey from the persistent
appressed leaf-sheaths. Leaves six to twelve inches long,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, pale green ; nerves promi-
nent beneath. Scape with raceme six inches long, ascend-
ing, green, with few lanceolate acuminate bracts, about 8-
fld. ; floral bracts like the cauline, green. Flowers drooping,
about one and a half inches long and broad (across the
petals). Sepals and petals subsimilar, acute, pale, dark
yellowish-green or brown; dorsal sepal erect, lateral at
length reflexed ; petals erect, as long as the dorsal sepal.
Lip large, galeate, nearly globose, fleshy, dark green,
suffused with red posteriorly, three-lobed ; lateral lobes
rounded, incurved, erose ; midlobe small, triangular, re-
curved or revolute ; base of lip within with many narrow
parallel yellow bands. Column stout, beaked, green with
a transverse red band ; antennas filiform, deflexed ; anther
beaked.— J. D. E.
Fig 1, Column viewed laterally, and 2, in front; 3, anther; 4 and
5, pollmia with strap and gland:— All enlarged.
Tab. 7445.
AMASONIA EEECTA.
Var. Latebracteata.
Native of tropical South America.
Nat. Ord. Verbenace;k. — Tribe Verbene/e.
Genus Amasonia, Linn.f. ; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 1147.)
Amasonia erecta ; frutex gracilis pubescens, foliia obovato-oblongis obtusis in.
petinlmn angustatis grosse crenato-serratis glabris v. puberulis laride
viridibus, floribus racemulosis, racennilis brevibus in paniculam ter-
minalem elongatam racemiformem dispositis subsecnndis confertis
bracteatisbreviterpedicellatis, bracteis ovatis v. fere orbicalatis apiculatis
serrulatis coecineis basi aureis, floribus nutantibus, calycis tubo brevi
laciniis basi coatiguis ovatis acuminatis, corolla3 pallide flavaa tabo
elongato piloso, lobis tubo plus quam dimidio brevioribus oblongis
obtusis rugulosis coccineo-reticulatis ciliatis.
A. erecta, Linn.f. Suppl. p. 294. Vahl Eclog. vol. ii. p. 51. Schauer in DO.
Trodr. vol. xi. p. 677. Benth. in Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. (1839), p. 450.
Bocquill. Rev. Yerbenac. 121.
A. punicea, Va/il. I.e., Schauer l.c.,et in Mart. Ft. Bras. vol. ix. p. 292.
Bocquill. I. c.
A. arborea, Humb. Bonpl. 8f Kunth Nov. Gen. §• Sjp. vol. ii. p. 253.
Tuligalea campestris, Aubl. Guian. vol. ii. p. 625, t. 252.
Var. latebracteata, bracteis orbicularibus breviter petiolatis remote denticula-
tis. Tab. nostr. 7445.
Amasonia erecta is the type (if the earliest discovered
species is considered the type) of a small genus of
Brazilian plants, which, owing to the variability of its
floral bracts, has been described under two specific names
by its author, Vahl, and most succeeding ones. Bentbam in-
deed, upwards of sixty years ago, pointed out that Vahl'sA
punicea was only a variety of A. erecta, but no subsequent
author has referred to this, though Schauer in DC. Prodr.
I. c. says of punicea, " very close to A. erecta, and hardly
differing, except in the size of the leaves and bracts." An
examination of a large suite of specimens from many locali-
ties, extending from Trinidad to Central Brazil (Pro v.
Piauhy), shows so great variation in the size of the
foliage and form of the floral bracts, that it would be
difficult to classify them; the most divergent being those
November 1st, 1895.
with more or less erect spreading or recurved lanceolate ,
acutely serrate bracts that do not arch over the racemes,
and those figured herewith. And between these a
graduated series of intermediates may be traced. A very
distinct species, first described and figured in this work,
A. calycina (Tab. 6915) has been confounded with A.
punicea, and published as A. punicea [calycina) in the
Illnstrt. Gartenzeit., 1890, p. 68, fig. 9 ; and as A. punicea in
Gartenflora, vol. xxxv. (1886) p. 336, fig. 35, in neither of
which works is the figure in the Botanical Magazine alluded
to. Lastly, there is an A. punicea, figured by Seghers, in
L'Hortic. Beige, vol. xx. (1894) which, if a correct repre-
sentation, must be a very different species from either
erecta or calycina, having opposite quite entire leaves, large
lanceolate bracts, the lower opposite, a wholly scarlet
calyx, and solitary axillary flowers with a small pure white
corolla.
The specimen of Amasonia erecta, var. latebracteata, here
figured was communicated by Messrs. Sander & Co. of
St. Alban's, who had previously presented living plants of
it to Kew, and which latter flowered in a stove in the Royal
Gardens at the same time, namely, July, 1895.
Dexcr. — A small, slender, sparingly branched shrub a
few feet high; branchlets red-brown. Leaves alternate
and subverticillate, four to six inches long, obovate-oblong
or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, crenate-serrate,
base narrowed into a petiole two to three inches long, dark
green above, pale beneath. Inflorescence a racemiform
elongate terminal panicle, with the flowers collected in a
series of small subsecund drooping few-fid. racemules,
each arising from the axil of and nearly hidden under a
broad leafy bract, beyond which the corollas are exserted ;
peduncle and pedicels very slender, bright red ; bracts an
inch long, very shortly petioled, elliptic or suborbicular,
apiculate, remotely denticulate, puberulous, lowest in the
panicle foliaceous green and longer petioled, the remainder
bright scarlet, passing at the base into golden yellovr.
Flotcers drooping, one inch long. Calyx-tube short, hemi-
spheric, pubescent ; lobes ovate, acuminate, erect, bases
contiguous. Corolla-tube three times as long as the calyx,
slightly dilated upwards, covered with spreading hairs,
pale dull yellowish ; lobes not half as long as the tube,
fXIU.
oblong, obtuse, yellow, beautifully reticulate with red
veins, margins undulate ciliate. Filaments exserted for
half their length ; filaments at length upcurved ; anthers
oblong. Ovary hemispheric ; style very slender, slightly
hairy above ; stigmas slender, recurved — J". D. 11.
_ — rr _ r _ — ,i
Fig. 1, Tip of bract; 2, calyx with two lobes removed, ovary and style;
3, corolla laid open ; 4 and 5, anthers : — All enlarged ; 6, whole plant greatly
reduced.
Tab. 7446.
SELENIPEDIUM Sargentianum.
Native of Brazil.
Nat. Ord. Orchide.e. — Tribe Cypripedie*.
Genus Selenipedium, Beichb. f. ; (Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii.
p. 635.)
Selenipedium Sargentianum; foliis radicalibug oblongo-lanceolatis acutis
basi equitantibua coriaceis aureo marginatia, ecapo robusto hirauto apice
2-4-f3oro fuaco-rubro, vaginis solitariis bracteisque magnia ovato-cymbi-
formibus herbaceis obtusia viridibua hirsutis, perianthio hirsutulo, aepalis
lateralibus in laminam ovatam obtusam 2-nervosam rubro-striatam labello
auppoaitam connatis, dorsali oblongo obtnso rubro striato, petalia sepalis
longioribua loriformibus obtuaia subtortia aureis aanguineo striatis et late
marginatia, labello oblongo aureo apice rotundato lateribua late inflexis
orem oblongam claudentibus rubro macnlatia marginibus tuberculo
minuto albo ornatis, staminodio pallido late ovato pubescente.
S. Sargentianum, Rolfe in Orchid Beview, vol. i. (1893), p. 239. Gard. Chron.
1894, vol. i. p. 781, fig. 100.
Under his description of this beautiful plant in" the
Orchid Revieiv.Mr. Rolfe has pointed out its close relation-
ship to Selenipedium Lindleyi, Reichb. f., and a comparison
of the figures of the flowers of the two species shows that
the forms of all their parts are almost identical. The most
conspicuous differences between them are the great size and
robustness of 8. Lindleyi, which attains three feet in height,
the length of its leaves, upwards of two feet long, the more
numerous flowers disposed in a raceme, their colour pale or
light green with red-brown nerves, and the absence of the
two opposite contiguous white tubercles in the margin of
the inflexed portions of the lip. The habitats of these two
species are widely apart, 8. Lindleyanum being (as far as is
known) confined to Guiana, where it was discovered by
Sir Robert Schomburgk in grassy swamps of the interior
half a century ago, whereas 8. Sargentianum is a native of
the Pernambuco province of Brazil, no doubt from its
mountainous interior, and probably from the chain of the
Cariris or Tabatinga, which are clothed with forests. Of
November 1st, 1895.
the two 8. Sargentianum is by far the most beautiful,
indeed it may prove to be the gem of the genus in point
of coloration. It may be suggested that when the inter-
mediate tracts of country between Guiana and Pernambuco
are explored, intermediate forms will be found ; if so, the
supposed species would fall under the denomination of
geographical forms. As it is, the intervention of the vast
low valley of the Amazons between their dwelling places
appears to me to render such evidence improbable.
8* Sargentianum was obtained in 1892 by the Royal Gar-
dens from Messrs. F. Sander & Co. of St. Alban's, who
imported ib, and with whom it flowered in a tropical orchid
house in February, 1395. It is named in honour of Prof.
C. S. Sargent, Director of the Harvard Arboretum, Boston,
U.S., and editor of " Garden and Forest."
Descr. — Stem short, tufted, clothed with the equitan
bases of the distichous leaves, erect ; root of stout fibres.
Leaves six to eight inches long by one and a half broad,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous, bright yellow
with golden margins, deeply sulcate along the mesial line
above, keeled beneath, nerves obscure. Scape six inches
high, as thick as a goose-quill, two- to three-flowered,
laxly hairy, as are the sheaths ; bracts pedicels and ovaries
red brown, bracts on the scape and flowers one and a half
to two inches long, ovate-lanceolate, subacute, green, her-
baceous. Floivers two to three at the top of the scape,
three and a half inches broad across the petals. Bursa
sepal erect, oblong, acute, pale yellow, with five strong
bright red dorsal ribs united by cross nervules ; lateral
united into an ovate subacute blade placed under
the lip. Petals much longer than the sepals, spreading
and rather deflexed, strap-shaped, subtwisted, undulate,
ciliate, streaked with red, margins bright red. Lip an
inch and a half long, slipper-shaped, tip rounded, yellow
with pale red veins, mouth oblong, sides deflexed in tin
mouth, lobes meeting by their margins, speckled with red,
and with a minute white tubercle on the margin of each.
Staminode broadly ovate, hairy, pale yellow.—/. D. II.
Fig. 1, Side and 2, dorsal view of staminode -.—Both enlarged.
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Tab. 7447.
STREPTOCARPUS Wendlandii.
Native of the Transvaal.
Nat. Ord. Gesnerace^;. — Tribe Cyrtandbe^e.
Genus Sxreptocarpus, Lindl. ; (Benth. & Hoak.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 1023.)
Streptocarpus Wendlandii ; acaulis, hirsutulus, folio solitario radicali
sessili amplo late ovato-oblongo basi et apice rotundato marginibus
nndulatis crenulatisque, supra saturate viridi inter nervoa perplurimos
profande impresses tumido, subtus purpureo rubro pilis albis substrigoso,
scapis plurimis robustis 2-fidis ramis subpanieulatim multifloris pedicel-
lisque glanduloso-pubescentibus,pedicellis elongatis solitariis geminisque,
floribus nutantibus amplis, sepalis linearibus obtusis, corolla? tubo buccse-
formi decurvo glanduloso-pubescente, limbi 1^ poll, lati lobis 2 posticis
ovato-rotundatis violaceis, 3 anticis longioribns oblongis albis marginibus
late violaceis, filamentis apices versus glandulosis, connectivo tumido,
staminodiis minimis, ovario pubescente, stylo brevi curvo, stigmate disci-
forme peltato, capsula 3-pollicari angusta cylindracea torta.
S. Wendlandii, Hort. Dammann ex W. Wats, in Gard. Chron. (1894) vol. i.
p. 590. Journ. Hort. Ser. III. vol. xxviii. p. 223, fig. 37.
Streptocarpus Wendlandii far surpasses in size and beauty
all the previously discovered species of its beautiful genus,
and no one who saw it amongst other species border-
ing the centre bed of the Succulent House at Kew,
during the spring and summer of 1894, can forget the
magnificence of the display it afforded. Its history has
been given by Mr. Watson in the Gardener's Chronicle
above, from which it appears that it is a native of the
Transvaal, and was first made known by Messrs. Damman
of Naples, who described it in their catalogue for 1890-
1891, having imported it from Natal in 1887. In 1888 it
independently made its appearance at Kew, having come
up as a seedling amongst some ferns imported from South
Africa, when it was supposed to be a form or young state
of 8. Sandersii.
Mr. "Watson has raised at Kew a hybrid between this
species and S. Dunnii, Mast. (Tab. 6903) which is of still
larger dimensions both in foliage and inflorescence than
either of its parents. Of this, which is known as S. Dyeri,
December 1st, 1895.
Wats, (in Garden and Forest, viii. (1895) 5, fig. 1), the
leaves are two feet long and fifteen inches wide, and the
inflorescence forms a sheaf of bright red-purple flowers
nearly two feet high.
The specimen of 8. Wendlandii here figured, flowered
in the Royal Gardens, Kew, in April, 1895, and ripened
its fruit about six weeks afterwards. The species continued
flowering from June till November.
Descr. — Stemless, with a rosette of very small leaves at
the base of the solitary developed one, liirsutely pubescent
above. Leaf horizontal, attaining thirty inches long by
twenty-four wide, broadly ovate-oblong, rounded at both
ends, margins crenate and undulate; upper surface pale
green, tumid between close-placed parallel deeply sunk
nerves, which are joined by close-set arched nervules;
beneath dark red purple, with strongly prominent nerves
and nervules, and subhispid with white hairs. Scapes
several, stout, forked at the tip, each fork bearing a many-
fld. subpaniculate raceme of large solitary or geminate long-
pedicelled violet-blue and white nodding flowers; bracts
subverticillate at the fork, short, ovate, herbaceous. Calyx
small; sepals linear. Corolla-tube nearly an inch long,
trumpet-shaped, glandular-pubescent; limb one and a half
inch broad, oblique ; dorsal lobes recurved, nearly orbicular,
violet, lateral rather larger and oblong, front lobe white,
with broad violet margin and three violet streaks ; throat
with a large dark violet mark below each of the dorsal
lobes. Filaments glandular on and below the tumid con-
nective; staminodes three minute tubercles. Ovary pubes-
cent ; style very short, curved ; stigma disciform, peltate.
Capsule three inches loner, slender, cylindric, strongly
twisted.— J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Portion of tube of corolla with stamen and ataminodea ; 2, ovary ;
-both enlarged ; 3, capsule of t/te natural size.
7448.
T.T?f
Tab. 7448.
ALOE Luntii.
Native of Southern Arabia.
Nat. Ord. Liliace^e. — Tribe Aloine^.
Genus Axoe, Linn. ; (Benih. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.)
Aloe Luntii ; breviter caulescena, foliis densis primum rosulatia distichis
demum subrostilatis ensiformibus recurvatis pallide viridibus immaculatis
supra basin facie canaliculars aculeis marginalibus obsoletis, pedunculo
stricto erecto foliis longiore, racemis laxis paniculatis lateralibus patulis,
bracteis minutis, pedicellia brevibus apice articulatis saperioribus ascen-
dentibns inferioribus cernuis, perianthii cylindrici tubo elongato rnbello,
lobis lineari-oblongis erectis tubo brevioribus, staminibus omuibus exsertia,
antberis oblongis parvis, polline rubro.
A. Luntii, Baker in Kew Bullet. 1894, p. 342.
This very distinct new Aloe was discovered by Mr.
W. Lunt, now of the Trinidad Botanic Garden, when he
was attached as botanical collector to the expedition
organized by J. Theodore Bent, Esq., in the winter of
1893-4, to explore the ruined cities of the province of
Hadramaut, in Southern Arabia. This district had never
been before explored botanically, and although the time of
the year was unfavourable, about thirty new plants were
discovered, of which three proved to be new genera. The
present plant was found on the hills above Dobiabah, at an
elevation of three thousand feet above sea-level. Both
living and dried specimens were brought home, and one of
the former flowered in the Royal Gardens at Kew last
November. The leaves have no marginal prickles, and
the flowers have an unusually long tube, resembling that
of a Gasteria, but not dilated into a ball at the base.
Descr. — Shortly caulescent. Leaves seven or eight in a
dense rosette at the top of the stem, at first distichous,
ensiform, a foot long, two inches broad at the base,
narrowed gradually to the point, pale green on both sides,
without any spots, stripes or marginal prickles, deeply
channelled down the face in the upper half. Peduncle
stiffly erect, longer than the leaves. Panicle of four or five
December 1st, 1895.
long lax racemes, the side ones spreading horizontally;
bracts very small ; pedicels short, articulated at the apex,
the upper ones ascending, the lower cernuous. Perianth
under an inch long ; tube cylindrical, pale red ; lobes
linear-oblong, erect, shorter than the tube. Stamens all
exserted ; anthers small, oblong ; pollen bright red. — J. G.
Baker.
Fig. 1, An entire flower ; 2, front view of anther ; 3, back view of anther ;
4, pistil : — All enlarged ; 5, whole plant much reduced.
Tab. 7449.
BUDDLEIA Colvilei.
Native of the Biklcim Himalaya.
Nat. Ord. Loganiace^;. — Tribe EuLOGANiEiE.
Genua Buddleia, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 793.)
Buddleia Colvilei; arbuscula v. frutex, ramulia foliisque junioribns ferru-
gineo-tomentosis, foliis laaceolatis acnminatis crenulato-serratis adultia
glabratis in petiolum brevem angustatis, paniculis terminalibus pendulia
oblongia multifloria, floribus breviter pedicellatis, calycis pubescentia
lobis ovatis obtuse acuminatis, corollaa roseo-purpurese v. coccineaa tubo
cylindraceo superne paullo ampliato intus piloso calyce duplo longiore
lobis rotundatis marginibus recurvia, ore albo, antheris oblongia, ovario
pubescente, capsula oblouga, seminibua oblongia, testa laxa 3-alata
reticulata.
B. Colvilei, Hook. f. & Thorns, in Hook.f. III. Ilimal. PI. t. 18. Clarke in
Hook.f. Fl. Brit. Ind. {errore Colvillei) 81. Gamble List of Trees &
Shrubs, &c. of Darjeeling, p. 56 ; Manual of Indian Timbers, p. 267. The
Garden, xliv. (1893) p. 482, cum Ic. Gard. Chron. 1892, vol. ii. p. 187.
Andre in Bev. Hortic. 1893, p. 520, cum Ic. Gamier in III. Hortic.
Ser. vi. p. 1, t. 10. Journ. Hort. Ser. iii. vol. xxxi. p. 85, cum Ic.
Buddleia Colvilei is certainly the handsomest of all
Himalayan shrubs, and it is impossible to exaggerate its
beauty as seen in the borders of a Sikkim forest, covered
with pendulous masses of rose-purple or crimson flowers
relieved by the dark green foliage. Unfortunately, as
grown and flowered by that enthusiastic cultivator of rare
plants, Mr. Gumbleton, at Belgrove, Co. Cork, and who
alone has flowered the plant in Europe, the colour of the
corolla is considerably paler than in Sikkim. In my " Illus-
trations of Himalayan Plants," I figured it as crimson from
a drawing made by myself on the spot in 1849, when I first
saw it in flower. This colour is confirmed by Mr. Gamble
(Conservator of Indian Forests), who knew the plant well,
and who in his " List of Trees, Shrubs and Climbers of
Darjeeling," and subsequently in his admirable "Manual
of Indian Timbers," calls it " an extremely handsome tree,
with, masses of dark crimson flowers, which appear in
August, and make the tree very conspicuous in its habitat
on the summits of Tonglo." It will be observed that Mr.
December 1st, 1895.
Gamble gives the flowering season as August, and I first
found it in flower in Sikkim late in July, whereas Mr.
Gumbleton's plant flowered in June, which and the climate
of southern Ireland may account for the paleness of the
colour. On the other hand, the flowers of Mr. Gumbleton's
plants are rather larger than in any of my Sikkim
specimens, which averaged little more than an inch m
breadth of limb.
B. Colvilei is a native of the temperate regions of both
the outer and inner ranges of the Sikkim Himalaya, at from
10,000 to 12,000 ft. elevation. It bears the name of my
late friend, the Eight Hon. Sir James Oolvile, F.R.S., who
at the time of its discovery was Puisne Judge of the
Supreme Court of Calcutta, and President of the Bengal
Asiatic Society.
Descr. — A large shrub or small tree, attaining a height
of thirty feet ; branches spreading ; branchlets, petioles,
young leaves and branches of the panicle clothed with
rusty pubescence. Leaves five to seven inches long,
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, crenate-serrulate, narrowed
into a very short petiole, dark green and rugosely nerved
above, pale beneath, with fifteen to twenty pairs of elevated
arched nerves. Flowers in shortly peduncled thyrsiform
pendulous panicles twelve to eighteen inches long, which
are leafy at the base ; branches of panicle and pedicels
short, stout ; bracts linear. Calyx-tube short, hemispheric,
lobes ovate obtusely acuminate. Corolla rose-purple or
crimson, with a white ring round the mouth ; tube terete,
twice as long as the calyx, white and hairy within, scarcely
dilated above ; limb one to one and a quarter inch diam. ;
lobes rounded, margins recurved. Stamens very short ;
anthers green. Ovary oblong, pubescent, 2-celled ; style
short; stigma capitate, obscurely 2-lobed, green. Capsule
oblong, many- seeded. — J. I). H.
Fig. 1, Calyx kid open, showing ovary, style and stigma; 2, corolla laid
open ; 3 and 4, stamens ; 5, transverse section of ovary -.—All enlarged.
74c.O.
■
Tab. 7450.
BARTHOLINA pectinata.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Nat. Ord. Okchide^s. — Tribe Ophbtde^b.
Genus Baetholina, Br. ; (Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 623.)
Baetholina pectinata ; herba gracilis piloBa, tuberibus oblongis, folio eolitario
sessile terrae applanato orbiculari convexo, basi 2-lobo amplexicauli, scapo
1-floro, fiore amplo, bractis oblongis cucullatis ovario curvo dimidio
brevioribus, sepalis erectis lineari-lanceolatis herbaceis pilosis, petalis
erectis sepalis longioribus lineari- v. subulato- lanceolatis rectis v. falcatis
albis, labello maximo circumscriptione semi-circulari v. flabellaaformi alte
trifido segmentis in lacinias 17-23 filiformes patenti-decurvaa sectis,
calcare lente curvo ovario aequilongo, anthera erecta angasta petalis
dimidio breviore subacuta, loculis parallelis semi-tortis connectivo dia-
phano interposito, polliniis oblongis, caudicula gracili, glandula parva,
stigmate parvo tnmido.
B. pectinata, Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. II. vol. v. p. 194. Lindl. in Bot. Beg.
sub t. 1653 ; in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. vol. ii. p. 210 et in Gen. & Sp.
Orchid, p. 333. Endl. Lconogr. t. 40. Bolus, Orchids of the Oape Peninsula,
p. 1 11. (Trans. S. African Phil. Soc. vol. v. (1888).
B. Burmanniana, Eer-Gawl. in Brand. Journ. Sc. & Arts. vol. iv. (1818),
p. 204, t. 5, f. 2, & in Journ. B. Instit. London, vol. iv. (1818), 204, t. 6, f. 2.
Lindl. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I. c.
B. Lindleyana, Beichb.f. Otia Bot. Jlamb. p. 119.
Orchis pectinata, Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Ed. II. Gap. p. 4.
(). Hurmanniana, Linn. Sp. PL Ed. II. p. 1334.
Arethusa ciliaris, Linn.f. Suppl. 405.
One of the most singular of Cape plants, the " Spider
Orchid " of the colonists, discovered by Burmann nearly a
century and a half ago, and first introduced into cultivation
in England in 1787, by Masson, the indefatigable collector
sent from Kew to S. Africa. It inhabits grassy places
amongst bushes at the foot of the hills near the sea, from
Cape Town, eastwards to Grahamstown, and perhaps
further. It was long supposed to be monotypic, but Mr.
Bolus about ten years ago described a second species, B,
Ethelae (Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xx. (1884), p. 472, and
Orchids of the Cape Peninsula, p. 112, t. 3), which is a
larger plant, with each of the filiform segments of the lip
tipped with a flattened cushion, much like those that termi-
nate the segments of the so-called nectaries of Vaniassm,
December 1st, 1895.
and like these apparently non-secreting organs. B.
Ethelx is a very rare plant, found hitherto in only two
places, both in the vicinity of Cape Town.
B. pectinata varies but little, and chiefly in the colour of
the lip, from white to pale violet. I find no notice of the con-
vexity of the leaf, which is a marked character in the speci-
mens cultivated at Kew. The genus was named by Brown
after Thomas Bartholin, a celebrated Danish anatomist
and physiologist, born in 1616, Professor first of Mathe-
matics, and latterly of Anatomy at Copenhagen. This
Bartholin was himself son of an eminent Anatomist (Caspar
Bartholina), and father of an illustrious family. His health
having given way under the stress of work, he retired to
a small estate which he had purchased in Denmark, where
in 1670 he lost his library and all his MSS. by fire. He died
in 1680, leaving five sons, all of whom attained eminence as
Professors respectively of Anatomy, Antiquities, Theology,
Mathematics and History ; and of his three daughters one
acquired distinction as a poet.
The Royal Gardens, Kew, are indebted to Harry Bolus,
Esq., F.L.S., of Cape Town, for tubers of B. pectinata,
which were received in 1892, and flowered in a cool house
in the following July.
Descr. — A small tuberous terrestrial Orchid, one-leaved,
one-flowered, hairy all over, except the petals and lip.
Tubers ovoid, about a third of an inch long. Leaf lying
flat on the ground, one half to one inch diam., orbicular,
convex, deeply 2-lobed, and amplexicaul at the base, dull
green. Scape three to four inches high, very slender, red-
brown, with a very small basal tubular sheath ; bract oblong-
lanceolate, erect, herbaceous, half as long as the ovary.
Flowers two to three inches broad across the lip. Sepals
about one-fourth of an inch long, erect, herbaceous, hairy.
Petals longer, linear-lanceolate or subulate, straight or
falcate, white. Lip 3-partite, each segment cut to the
base into numerous spreading threads. Spur as long as
the ovary, deflexed. Anther long, narrow, erect; cells
parallel, half twisted. Pollinia oblong, stipes long, gland
small.— .7. D. If.
Kg. 1 ' Ti P„of ovary, base of lip, petals and anther; 2, lip; 3, anther i
V, pollen:— All enlarged.
7451
kSonBap
■
Tab. 7451.
MUSA EUBRA.
Native of Pegu.
Nat. Ord. ScitaminEjE. — Tribe MusE/K.
Genua Musa, Linn. ; (Benth. & Hoolc.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 655.)
Musa (Rbodochlamys) rubra ; stolonifera, caudice gracili 6-7-pedali, foliia
oblongo-Ianceolatis acuminatis in petiolum gracilem angustatis, spica
erecta densiflora, racbi pubernla, bracteis late ovatis obtusia cymbiformibtia
non revolutis lsete roseis apicibus anreis, fl. masc. unaquaque bractea 3-5
sesqui-pollicaribus fiavidis, calycia fere recti dentibua aureis, corolla
calyce multo breviore late ovata acuminata, fl. fem. ovario trigono,
fructibna sesailibua 3-pollicaribus fuaiformi-trigonis, seminibu8 parvia
depresso-globosia nitidis.
M. rubra, Wall, ex Kurz in Journ. Agric. Hort. Soc. Ind. vol. xiv. Part I., p.
301. Baker in Annals of Botany, vol- vii. (1893), p. 221. Kevo Bulletin
(1894), p. 258.
It is only through cultivated specimens that an accurate
knowledge of the species of Musa is likely to be obtained,
for it is very difficult to determine their characters from
dried specimens, and years must elapse before botanists, or
collectors with descriptive powers, shall have found the
opportunity of investigating them in their native, often
most unhealthy, forests. In the case of M. rubra it is
fortunate that materials are forthcoming for giving an
account of its habit, flowers and fruit. Of these materials
the first and second are derived from a specimen that Mr.
Watson brought into fine flower and immature fruit in the
Royal Gardens, Kew ; and of the fruit, well preserved
specimens, with ripe seeds collected by the late Dr.
M'Lelland, F.L.S., in Pegu, are preserved in the Her-
barium of the Royal Gardens. And that these latter cer-
tainly belong to M. rubra is assured partly by their being
quite like what the cultivated plant has borne, and by
being accompanied with some male flowers which have
the characteristic small petal of M. rubra.
M. rubra is first described in the work cited above by
M. Kurz, from specimens collected by himself in Pegu.
It must, however, have been discovered many years earlier,
for Kurz has adopted a name of Wallich's probably given
December 1st, 1895.
by him to plants cultivated in the Calcutta Botanical
Gardens. Suckers of M. rubra were received at Kew from
Dr. King in 1889, under the name of Musa rosea, which is
a different species, more like M. coccinea, with shorter
much broader leaves, and the petal nearly as long as the
sepals. Dr. King further states that if. rubra has been in
cultivation in the Royal Gardens, Calcutta, since 1882, but
that its origin is unknown : at Kew it flowered freely in
May.
Descr. — Stoloniferous. Stem five to seven feet high,
slender, lower sheaths pale brown, upper green. Leaves
four to sis feet long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed
into the petiole, pale green, not glaucous, paler beneath ;
petiole about one-third the length of the leaf. Spike erect,
strict, rachis puberulous. Bracts three inches long, broadly
ovate, cymbiform, bright rose-red, with obtuse golden tips,
not revolute with age, smooth externally, inwardly trans-
versely barred between the nerves. Male fl. four to six in
each bract, about one and a half inches long, nearly straight,
pale yellow ; teeth of calyx short, revolute, golden yellow.
Petal about half as long as the calyx, broadly ovate, acumi-
nate. Anthers pale, yellow-brown. Fem. fl. about one-
third shorter than the male. Fruit three inches long,
fusiform, trigonous, many-seeded. Seeds about one-sixth
of an inch in diameter, depressed globose, with a large
circular basal hilum, and polished dark testa.— J. D. H.
Fig. 1, Male fl.; 2, lobes of calyx; 3, petal; 4, anther; 5, rudimentary
stamens and pistil of imperfect fem. fl. ; 6, fem. fl. ; 7, immature fruit j 8, ripe
seeds trom Herbarium specimen -.—All enlarged but 7 and 8, which are of
nat. size. *
INDEX
To Vol. LI. of the Third Series, or Vol. OXXI. of
the whole Work.
7395 Acacia spadicigera.
7393 Acidanthera requinoctialis.
7399 Aloe brachystachys.
7448 „ Luntii.
7445 Amasonia erecta, var. late-
bracteata.
7442 Angraecum Kotschyi.
7437 Anthnrium Gustavi.
7398 Aphasrema spicata.
7414 Argylia canescens.
7424 Aristolochia ungulifolia.
7435 Atraphaxia Muschketowi.
7450 Bartholina pectinata.
7449 Buddleia Colvilei.
7444 Catasetum Lemosii.
7400 Cephalanthus natalensis.
7434 Cleyera Fortunei.
7417 Crinum Schimperi.
7416 Cypripedium Charles worthii.
7396 Cyrtopodium virescens.
7403 Disa sagittalis.
7432 Helianthus debilis.
7402 Heptapleurum venulosum, var.
erythrostachys.
7409 Ixianthes retzioides.
7412 Kniphofia Northias.
7394 Lonicera Alberti.
7407 Macaranga Porteana.
7411 Magnolia parviflora.
7435 Mormodes Kolfeanum.
7401 Musa Hillii.
7451 Musa rubra.
7425 JSTeuAviedia Griffithii.
7420 Peraphyllum ramosissimum.
7410 Piptospatha Ridleyi.
7431 Pleurothallis Scapha.
7439 Polygala Galpini.
7427 Prochynanthes Bulliana.
7423 Pyrus crategifolia.
7430 » sikkimensis.
7419 Ribes bracteosum.
7397 Richardia Pentlandii.
7436 ,, Rehmanni.
7421 Rosa Lucise.
7426 Rubus lasiostylus.
7433 Rumex hymenosepalus.
7428 Saccolabium Mooreanuni.
7405 Saintpaulia ionantha.
7406 Scbinus dependens.
7446 Selenipedium Sargentianuin.
7422 Senecio Hualtata.
7443 Spathoglottis Kimballiana.
7429 Spirasa bracteata.
7441 Sternbergia Fischeriana.
7447 Streptocarpus "Wendlandii.
7392 Talauraa Hodgsoni.
7418 Trichocladus grandiflorua.
7440 Tulipa violacea.
7413 Vacciniura erythrocarpum.
7415 Veronica Hectori.
7404 „ Joganioides.
7405 Weldi^uia Candida.
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