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EDWARDS'S n B. 
BOTANICAL — 


on, Vi ok 
* ^ ORNAMENTAL FLOWER-GARDEN 
A AND SHRUBBERY: 


CONSISTING OF 


COLOURED FIGURES OF PLANTS AND SHRUBS, 
CULTIVATED IN BRITISH GARDENS; 


ACCOMPANIED BY THEIR 


EDITED 


By JOHN LINDLEY, Ph. D. F.R.S. ann L.S. 


PROFESSOR OF BOTANY «IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON, 


AND THE ROYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN, 
VICE-SECRETARY TO THE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 


&c. &c. $e. 


NEW SERIES, 
COMPLETE IN TEN VOLUMES. 
voL O e 
MISSOURI | 


BOTANICAL j 
GARDEN. 


LONDON: 
JAMES RIDGWAY AND SONS, PICCADILLY.. 


Le 
"MDOCCXXXIX. 


STANHOPEA tigrina. 
Tiger-flowered Stanhopea. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORcHiDACEx, $ VANDER. 
STANHOPEA. Bot. Reg. fol. 1529. 


S. tigrina ; hypochilio subrotundo intus lamellis glandulosis radiato, metachilii 
comubus falcatis porrectis epichilii tridentati longitudine, sepalis lateralibus 
maximis subrotundo-oblongis petalis multó latioribus. 

S. tigrina. Bateman Orchid. Mex. et Guatem. t. 7. 


The species of Stanhopea are so much alike, except in 
their flowers, that it is rarely necessary to introduce their 
organs of vegetation into the description of them. It is in 
the flowers that their differences are apparent, and especially 
in the labellum, if colour is disregarded. 


The present beautiful species is characterised by having 
the epichilium shallowly 3-lobed, in which respect it corre- 
sponds with no other hitherto discovered, except S. saccaca, 
which is extremely different. The inner surface of the hypo- 
chilium will also be found very remarkable, being broken up 
into glandular lamelle, which radiate from the base of a kind 
of ovate tooth which is itself directed towards the cavity they 
occupy. Fig. 1. represents this structure. 


The flowers of S. tigrina are larger and handsomer than 
those of any other known species, even exceeding those of 
the magnificent S. Devoniensis ; this is sufficiently apparent 
from the annexed figure, in which nevertheless the colours 
are by no means so brilliant as in the plate of this plant in 
Mr. Bateman’s magnificent work on the Orchidacee of 
Mexico and Guatemala. 


January, 1839. B 


For the opportunity of publishing it 1 have to thank 
Messrs. Rollissons of Tooting, with whom it flowered in 
August last. Mr: Bateman states that it was originally im- 
ported from the neighbourhood of Xalapa by Messrs. Lowe 
and Co. ; and that it is among the easiest of the genus to 
cultivate. 


The fragrance of the flowers is very peculiar, resembling 
a mixture of Melon and Vanilla. 


If this plant is cultivated in a pot, it must be raised con- 
siderably above the level of the rim, not only to prevent its 
suffering from too much water, but also that its flower, which 
is pendulous, may be seen with advantage. The best method 
is to hang it up in a basket. The soil should be the same 
for this as for other orchidaceous plants, but when put into 
a basket it is found useful to place a little moss (sphagnum) 
round the soil; this keeps it moist, and the roots seem to 
thrive in it. The only other circumstance necessary to be 
noticed is, that it must be kept perfectly dry when not in 
a growing state; it will be found to push much more vigor- 
ously when this is attended to. 


* LEYCESTERÍA formosa. 


Beautiful Leycesteria. 


PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. CAPRIFOLIACEZX. 


LEYCESTERIA, Wallich. Calyx 5-partitus, inzqualis, persistens. 
Corolla regularis, infundibularis, tubo basi hine gibbo. Stamina 5, exserta. 
Ovarium 5-loculare; loculis omnibus polyspermis. Stigma capitatum. Bacca 
calyce coronata. 


L. formosa. Wallich Plant. as. rar. vol. II. p. 21. t. 120. id. in Roxb. Fl. 
ind. 2. 181. DeCand. prodr. 4. 338. Endl. gen. pl. 558. no. 2335. 


Folia infericra in surculis robustioribus sepe tripartita vel triloba. 


“This charming shrub," says Dr. Wallich, “ grows wild 
on the highest mountains surrounding the valley of Nepal, 
blossoming from April to October. I have also had it from 
much more northerly situations towards Gossain Than. 
. According to my friend Dr. Govan, it is found in abundance 
at an elevation seldom less than 8000 feet above the plains, 
among the pine and oak forests of Bishuhur, as at Huttoo, 
and at Desoo in the Thakooraee of Kioonthul, blossoming 
from June till August, and called by the natives Nulkuroo.” 
The stem is said to grow from ten to twelve feet high, from 
an inch to an inch and a third in diameter. Berries dark 


purple, approaching to black. 


Dr. Royle speaks of it as common in Nepal and Kemaon, 
as well as in ts at elevations of from 6000 to 7000 


feet. 


* So named by Dr. Wallich after his friend William Leycester, Esq. chief 
judge of the principal native court underthe Bengal Presidency, a zealous friend 


of horticulture. 


From the account given of this plant by Dr. Wallich, 
and from the bright scarlet colour represented in that eminent 
Botanist's Plante asiatice rariores as belonging to the bracts, 
it was expected that this would prove a most ornamental 
addition to our gardens. But it must be confessed that it 
does not justify that expectation. 


It has been raised in the garden of the Horticultural 
Society from seeds procured from India by Dr. Royle, and 
proves to be a hardy evergreen, capable of sustaining the 
severest cold of last winter withont protection. But its 
leaves are a pale dull green, it has a rambling inelegant 
mode of growth, and the colour of the bracts is not at all 


brighter than what is, represented in the accompanying 
plate. 


It appears impatient of dryness, becomes yellow and un- 
healthy in front of a south wall, but flourishes in an expo- 
sure to the east or west. It multiplies freely by cuttings 
or layers, and will probably before long produce its berries. 


Although not yet so handsome as was anticipated, 
Leycesteria may become more ornamental as it grows older, 
and acquires a larger size. The best method of improving 
the appearance of the plant will be to station it where, with- 
out being exposed to a very dry atmosphere, it is fully under 
the influence of light. If grown in the shade it is most 
likely to be a beautiful object. 


Fig. 1. shews the appearance of the ovary upon a trans- 
verse section, with five cells, each containing a similar number 
of ovules arranged in a double row. 


Kim 


7 


quu / 


b. 


g 


T 


- eorneo, embryone intra basin albuminis cylindraceo. 


3 


* XEROTES longifolia. 


Long-leaved Xerotes. 


DICECIA HEXANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. JUNCACEZX. 


XEROTES, R.Br. Flores dioici. Perianthium sexpartitum. Masc. 
Petala tantum, nunc etiam sepala, basi connata. Stamina 6, perigyna. Fam. 
Sepala et Petala distincta aut in cyathum carnosum connata. Stamina quasi 
completa, sed sterilia. Ovarium superum, tristylum, 3-loculare; loculis mono- 
spermis, ovulis peltatis. Capsula nitida, 3-locularis, 3-sperma, epicarpio ab 
endocarpio sponté secedente, dehiscentià loculicidà. Semina peltata, albumine 
Herbe rigide, vultu 


varie. 


X. longifolia; acaulis, foliis elongatis linearibus coriaceis strictis apice eroso- 
dentatis: marginibus scabris (?), paniculis lanceolatis subcoarctatis; ramis 
oppositis, scapo planiusculo. R. Brown prodr. 262. 

Lomandra longifolia. Labillard. nov. holl. 1. 92. t. 119. 


Acaulis. Folia rigida, dura, ensiformia, margine levia, apice truncata 
et tridentata, Scapus compressus, tenuis, erectus, foliis equalis, paniculatus ; 
ramis lanceolatis multifloris : Bractese bracteoleque lineares, acuminatissime, 
rigide, ramulis floribusque longiores. Flores foeminei herbacei, carnosi ; 
perianthio basi carnoso, bracteolis obtusis imbricatis suffulto. Sepala petalis 
paulo minora, in serie omnind externá ordinata. Stamina 6, quorum sepalina 
petalinis paulo inferiüs inseruntur. Ovarium obovatum, 3-loculare ; ovulis 
carnosis, solitariis, peltatis. Styli 3, approximati, clavati, apice divergentes. 
Capsula sicca, testacea, ovata, nitida, 3-valvis, loculicido-dehiscens ; epi- 
carpio cartilagineo separabili reflexo, endocarpio duro ligneo contractili. 
Semina pallida, oblonga, albumine duro, corneo, embryone cylindraceo intra 
basin albuminis latente, 


This plant is a hard, dry, evergreen-leaved, herbaceous 
plant, exhibiting a state of the Rush-tribe when they assume 
a state materially different from that of their type. It in- 


* So named by Dr. Brown, from ¿npoc dry, in allusion I presume to the 
aridity of the foliage. 


habits Van Diemen's Land, where it is common in various 
soils throughout the colony, forming large tufts. Its leaves 
are quite smooth at the edge, in which respect it differs from 
the definition of Dr. Brown; yet I presume it must be his 
X. longifolia, for he says it is a native of Van Diemen’s Land, 
and I have seen no other species among the rich collections 
formed in that colony by Mr. Gunn (whose number 336 it 
is), and others. 


It is a plant of no beauty ; but its leaves are so hard and 
tough, that it deserves enquiry whether they will not yield 
a fibre capable of being advantageously manufactured into 
cordage. I know nothing which in the unmanufactured 
state promises better, by the powerful resistance offered to 
the force employed to break it. 


In this country it is a half-hardy herbaceous plant, which 
will grow in any soil and under any circumstances, and 
would no doubt succeed in the most barren places in a mild 
country. 


Why Labillardiere’s name of Lomandra should have been 
changed to Xerotes I do not know; but as Xerotes itself 
must certainly be broken up into at least two genera, it is to 
be hoped that the original name will be retained for this. 


Fig. 1. is a vertical section of a female flower; 2. is a 
vertical and 3. a transverse section of the ovary. 


cadil. 


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JAMN. P4 IYI 


SA 


4 


* CALANDRINIA discolor. 


Discoloured Calandrinia. 


POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. PORTULACACEZE. 
CALANDRINIA. Bot. Reg. fol. 1194. 


C. discolor ; caule suffruticoso, foliis carnosis obovatis obtusis in petiolum an- 
gustatis, racemo cernuo secundo, pedunculis defloratis deflexis, petalis calyce 
pluriés longioribus. 

Facies omnino C. grandiflore, qua differt foliis magis obtusis, subtus sæpè dis- 
coloribus, floribus multó majoribus. 


A most beautiful plant, introduced from the Berlin Bota- 
nic Garden in 1835, by the Horticultural Society, and though 
apparently a half-shrubby plant, capable of being treated 
with advantage as an annual. In all its habits and in its 
appearance it much resembles C. grandiflora, but is much 
handsomer, the flowers being three times as large, and re- 
maining expanded all day long, whether in sunshine or 
shade, while those of C. grandiflora open only in the sun- 
shine. It has probably been published in some continental 
botanical work, but I have not succeeded in meeting with 
any account of it. 


It is a very showy half-hardy species, growing about one 
and a half or two feet high, in any rich -garden soil, and 
flowering from the end of June until destroyed by the frost 
in autumn. 


The seeds, which are produced in abundance, should be 
sown about the beginning of March, and treated in the same 


* See Botanical Register, fol. 1194. 


manner as those of other half-hardy annuals, that is to say 
should be raised on heat, and when the plants are large 
enough they should be potted off into small pots, putting 
three or four plants into each, and finally they should be 
planted out, about the end of May, as the least frost destroys 
them when young, although they will bear a little towards 
the end of the year. 


They require to be planted rather thickly in beds, when 
they will become one of the greatest ornaments of the flower 
garden; the flowers opening early in the morning and not 
closing until the afternoon. 


It may also be raised by sowing the seeds in the open 
border, about the middle of May, but the plants will be late 
in flowering, and not so fine as those raised on heat and 
transplanted. 


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5 


BRASAVOLA Martiana. 


Dr. Von Martius’ Brasavola. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. OncuipAcEz, $ EPIDENDREZ. 
BRASAVOLA. Bot. Register, fol. 1465. 


B. Martiana ; labello ovali (aut ovato) acuminato ciliato-dentato sessili; petalis 
sepalisque lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis longioribus, clinandrio cucullato 
inciso. Bot. Reg. fol. 1914. in textu. 

Folia longa, teretia, suprà sulcis tribus exarata, racemo subcorymboso 
duplo longiora. Pedunculi leves, teretes, sepalis longiores, pone basin fusco- 
purpureo tincta. Sepala et petala lineari-lanceolata, subequalia, patula. 
Labellum ovatum aut ovale, acuminatum, fimbriatum, basi luteum ; ungue 
brevi columne appresso. -Columna apice cucullata, inflexa, fimbriata. 


This very distinct species of a small but interesting genus, 
imported from Berbice by Messrs. Loddiges, was originally 
discovered by Dr. Von Martius on the banks of the Rio 
Negro in Brazil, and it was from dried specimens in his her- 
barium that I first described it. 


B. cucullata and B. amazonica are the only other species 
yet known with a fringed labellum; the former has much 
larger flowers, and a lip of an entirely different form; the 
latter has a one-sided raceme, and a labellum contracted in 
the middle so as to be distinctly divided into a hypochilium 
and epichilium. 

All the Brasavolas yet described by Botanists now exist 
in this country, with the exception of B. subulifolia, a fine 
species inhabiting Nevis, with very slender subulate leaves, 
and the B. amazonica above named. The former might 
easily be procured; the latter is beyond the reach of ordi- 
nary travellers, occupying the branches of trees surrounding 
lake “ Egen,” one of the offsprings of the Amazons. 


January, 1839. c 


Fig. 1. represents the column, seen in front, with the 
fringed clinandrium or anther-bed. 


This genus seems to delight in a rough and stony soil, 
not too retentive of moisture. This circumstance should 
therefore be kept in view when the species are potted or 
shifted. The soil should consist of rough peat, well mixed 
with broken bricks or small stones, and the pots must be 
well drained at the bottom. They do not seem to require 
so much water as is commonly given to most plants belong- 
ing to this order, but in other circumstances the treatment 
should be the same. Some cultivators prefer tying their 
plants to pieces of wood, and suspending them from the roof 
of the stove, but upon the whole they can hardly be said to 
succeed so well under that treatment as in pots, particularly 
if they have plenty of pot-room. All the species are propa- 
gated by division of the rhizoma. 


7A A ^ 
f. AT by [Kid way./69 Ferca clilly Febi 1839 


— Y o 


CQ 


STÁTÍCE arborea. 
Tree Statice. 


PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. PLUMBAGINACE/E. 
STATICE. Bot. Reg. fol. 1450. 


S. arborea; caule arborescente, foliis ovatis obtusis mucronatis basi angustatis, 
paniculá composità terminali, ramis panicule alato-ancipitibus. Willd. 
enum. 1.337. R. $ S. syst. vi. 797. 


It is hopeless in works of this kind to do justice to the 
beauty of a plant like this; and I am unfortunately obliged 
to apologize for the annexed figure being even more imper- 
fect than it need to be, owing to the want of skill of a new 
engraver employed to execute it. This is the more vexatious 
as the drawing which had been prepared was excellent of its 
kind, and because the plant itself is probably the most 
strikingly ornamental of all that are in cultivation as green- 
house plants. At one of those great meetings in the garden 
of the Horticultural Society, which have given so remarkable 
an impulse to the art of gardening, there was a specimen of 
this species, from the nursery of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, 
and Co. six feet high, and covered with large clusters of 
flowers, the brilliancy of whose blue, neither precious stones 
nor metallic preparations could even approach; for which a 
gold medal, an unusual mark of distinction, was awarded. 


The introduction of this noble plant to our gardens is 
due, I believe, to P. B. Webb, Esq. When Von Buch 
visited the Canaries he only found it in gardens about 
Orotava, and he believed it to be extinct in its native places; 
and in truth it is amongst the most local and rare of all 
known plants. It is only on a few rocks, called the islets of 


February, 1839. D 


Burgado, which seem as if broken off from the coast of 
Teneriffe by some violent convulsion of nature, carrying 
with them on their summits a little earth, that this rare plant 
is found, surrounded on every side by the ocean, (see Webb 
and Berthellot, vues phytostatiques, t. 8. f. 3.) and only a few 
yards removed from its surface. 


The temperature of the climate in which it grows is 
described as varying between 60° and 86° Fahr., the air 
being cooled by breezes from N.N.W. and E.N.E.; the sky 
is seldom overcast, there is little rain, except from November 
to January, when it falls in heavy showers; the soil is com- 
posed of volcanic tufa, basalt, scoria, and sheets of lava in a 
state of decomposition. But although the quantity of rain 
which falls is small, the air of the islets inhabited by Statice 
arborea must be constantly moist, in consequence of evapo- 
ration from the surface of the sea. 


If I were asked by a person desirous to distinguish him- 
self as a cultivator of beautiful and uncommon plants, to 
name some genus, little known, rich in species, with flowers 
of brilliant and permanent colours, with a foliage unlike the 
** quotidiane forme” of every day plants, and at the same 
time which would require great skill in the management, I 
should certainly name Statice; and if a Botanist were to 
make a similar enquiry, his object being to investigate the 
distinctions of a curious genus, whose species are in great 
need of illustration, the answer would still be Statice. No 
one can have walked along the skirts of a salt marsh in 
England, occupied by our native ‘‘ Sea Lavender," without 
being struck with the beauty of its flat panicles of gay blue 
flowers, and yet the Statice Limonium is one of the least 
attractive of the genus; it is upon the exotic species that 
the attention of the Horticulturist should be fixed; a short 
account of a few of the less known kinds will make this 
more evident. S. tubiflora, a dwarf plant found near Alexan- 
dria, bears multitudes of round heads of large lilac flowers ; 
S. egyptiaca, another dwarf plant found in the isthmus of 
Suez and in other parts of Egypt, has large pallid blossoms ; 
S. sinuata, from Palestine, has when well grown blue flowers 
as large as sixpences ; S. emarginata is a beautiful little plant 
from the cliffs of Gibraltar; S. monopetala is a showy species, 


growing a foot or two high, near Narbonne, and elsewhere 
in the basin of the Mediterranean ; S. spicata, with its dense 
cylindrical heads of small white flowers, is one of the most 
curious plants found by Colonel Chesney in his expedition to 
the Euphrates, and inhabits the shores of the Caspian; S. 
scabra is one of the most interesting of Cape herbaceous plants; 
and finally Mount Taurus and the Bithynian Olympus are 
red with the brilliant flowers of the curious little Statices 
Echinus and acerosa. Of what other European genus, not 
cultivated, could so much be said ? and the subject is by no 
means exhausted. 


The present species is a shrub well adapted for planting 
in the bed or borders of a conservatory, growing three or 
four feet high, in an equal mixture of loam and peat 
and flowering from April to June. It strikes freely from 
cuttings of the young shoots, whenever such can be obtained. 
It is best treated as an indoor plant even in summer, as 
it is injured by a few degrees of frost in winter. 


ih “yJ Rido way 169 Beca dilly Fel Y] 1839 


Y 


SENECIO cruentus. 
Blood-red Senecio. 


SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA. 


ASTERACER (ComPosITE—SENECIONIDEA, DeCandolle). 
SENECIO. Bot. Reg. t. 1342. 


S. cruentus; caule herbaceo erecto pilosiusculo, foliis petiolo alato basi auricu- 
lato limbo cordato angulato denticulato utrinque pilosiusculo subtüs pur- 
pureo, capitulis corymbosis, pedicellis subbracteolatis, involucri squamis 
15-16, ligulis 10-12.  DeCand. Prodr. vi. 410. 

Cineraria aurita. Andr. bot. rep. t. 24, 

Cineraria cruenta. L’Herit. sert. angl.26. Vent. malm. 99. 


The many beautiful varieties of Cineraria, as they are 
miscalled, which render greenhouses so gay in the spring, 
and which are brought to such a high degree of perfec- 
tion by Mr. Henderson of Pine Apple Place, are either 
referable to this species of Senecio, or are produced between 
it and S. maderensis, (the Cineraria aurita of the gardens). 
It is now therefore difficult to find a specimen exhibiting the 
appearance of the species in its natural state, unchanged by 
culture. 1 am therefore glad to have the opportunity of 
producing a figure made from a plant raised from seed- 
collected in Teneriffe by Philip Barker Webb, Esq.; and at 
the same time of stating to what kind of climate the species 
is exposed in its native country. e 


Messrs. Webb and Berthellot, in their valuable account 
of the Canaries, recognize three principal modifications of 
climate, the lower, intermediate, and upper. Statice arborea, 
the subject of the last plate, belongs to the first, the nature 
of which has been already explained ; Senecio cruentus be- 
longs to the second. This zone extends from 1500 to 5000 
feet above the sea, with a climate varying on the north and 


south sides of the mountains. It is on the northern side that 
S. cruentus is found, inhabiting groves of Laurels, Myrica 
Faya, Arbutus, Heaths, Ilex, and other shrubs, among which 
the Sweet Chesnut, and downy-leaved Oak are naturalized, 
and associating with species of Convolvulus, Ranunculus, 
Rubus, Geraniums, Strawberries, Violets, and similar plants. 
In these regions the air is moist, the sky is almost always 
overcast with clouds, especially during the day, while in 
the summer time fogs and mists are common, and in winter 
storms and heavy rains; there is no frost, and when snow 
falls upon the upper limits of the zone it melts immediately. 
The surface of the country is broken up into valleys and 
mountains, and the soil, although volcanic, is well covered 
with mould. How different this is from ordinary notions 
of the climate of the Canaries I need not say ; it is obvious 
that if plants from such situations are treated as if they were 
the natives of an arid and sun-baked land, no success could 
possibly be obtained. In fact its treatment is that of a green- 
house plant, loving moderate temperature, and more moisture 
than usual when growing. 


It is a half-hardy greenhouse perennial, of easy culture, 
growing well in any rich garden soil, and well adapted for 
early forcing, flowering nearly all the year. It is increased 
either by cuttings made of the young shoots in summer, or 
by division of the old plants early in the autumn. The 
cuttings, when rooted on the divisions of the old plants, 
should be transferred to small pots, and kept shut up close in 
a cold frame or pit for a week or ten days, shading them if 
the sun is very strong, and shifting them afterwards, as they 
require it, into larger pots; no artificial heat is necessary, 
except to keep out frost during winter. The principal 
thing to be attended to is the keeping the plants free from 
the green fly, which may be done by gentle fumigation, for 
if the fly is once allowed to remain until the leaves begin to 
curl, it will be impossible to remedy the evil, and the very 
best plants may be p in a single week by neglecting to 


smoke them, particularly if artificial heat is used in spring 
for forcing. 


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8 


MAXILLARIA tenuifolia. 
Slender-leaved Maxillaria. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACE2, S VANDER, 
MAXILLARIA. Bot. Register, fol. 897. 


M. tenuifolia ; caulescens, pseudobulbis ovato-oblongis compressis monophyllis 
squamis longioribus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis recurvis, pedunculis 
axillaribus solitariis basi squamatis, ovario denudato arcuato, floribus cernuis, 
sepalis ovato-lanceolatis margine revolutis subequalibus reflexis lateralibus 
basi subequalibus, petalis ovatis obtusis conniventibus, labello oblongo in- 
diviso apice ovato reflexo infra apicem utrinque contracto, callo disci oblongo 
integerrimo. Bot. Reg. sub folio, 1986. 


A native of Mexico, in the vicinity of Vera Cruz, where 
it was found by Mr. Theodore Hartweg, an excellent natu- 
ralist, employed by the Horticultural Society of London, in 
Mexico, upon a mission which would have already produced 
most important additions to our gardens, had not his collec- 
tions been unfortunately detained at Tampico in consequence 
of the French blockade of that port. 


The species inhabits trees in Mexico, and probably is 
local, as it does not appear in any of the collections brought 
from the interior of the country. It belongs to the first or 
axillifloral section of the genus, the distinctive character of 
which is to have caulescent stems, covered with pseudo-bulbs, 
and having the flowers appearing from the axils of scales 
covering the stem. These, which are the most genuine form 
of Maxillaria, are the least beautiful part of the genus, and 
constitute a perfectly natural group, at first sight very diffe- 
rent from the kinds which, like M. aromatica, have naked 
pseudo-bulbs rising immediately from the surface of the 
earth. But, upon comparing the two sections with each 
other, it will be found that the only essential difference be- 

* tween them consists in the one having erect and the other 
prostrate rhizomata ; the scales, or imperfect leaves, of the 


axilliflorous section being more developed than in the scapi- 
gerous species, in consequence of their being more exposed 
to light. Perhaps the genus should be limited to the species 
which form the two sections now mentioned, the spathaceous 
species being excluded, and such as M. Warreana and costata 
being either formed into a new genus or referred to Peristeria, 
whose character would then require to be modified ; perhaps 
also such genera as Bifrenaria and Dicrypta would be better 
reduced to Maxillaria, with which, if newly limited, they 
would agree in habit. But these are points upon which it 
will be more easy to decide when a larger number of species 
shall have been correctly studied. 


The present species is [very pretty when in flower, and, 
from its freshness and greenness when in leaf only, is well 
worth cultivation, especially as it is one of the easiest to 
manage. It succeeds in a warm damp stove, in a pot 
with a block of wood thrust into the soil, and the long 
branching rhizoma tied to it. It grows almost equally well 
when tied to a wooden block, and suspended from the rafters 
of the stove. It bears without injury a quantity of water at 
its roots, and must also be freely syringed overhead. Amongst 
orchidaceous plants, none are more easily multiplied, as it 
throws out numerous pseudo-bulbs and roots, which, if taken 
carefully off, and subjected to the above treatment, will soon 
become vigorous growing plants. 


Ea A A 


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9 


* GUAIACUM officinale. 


Common Lignum Vite. 


DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. ZYGOPHYLLACER. 

GUAIACUM Plumier. Calyx 5-phyllus, insequalis; sepalis obtusis. 
Petala 5, unguiculata. Stamina 10, nuda. Ovarium 2-5-loculare, stipitatum, 
ovulis funicolo longo pendulis, rostratis. Stylus 15 stigma simplex. Capsula 
lignea, 2-5-locularis, angulata, polysperma.. Semina. pendula. Albumen rimu- 
losum. 


G. officinale ; foliolis 2-3-jugis obovatis obtusis glabris, ramulis pubescentibus, 
pedicellis floribus parüm longioribus, ovario biloculari. 

G. officinale. Linn. sp. pl. 546. Swartz. obs. 168. Macfadyens Flora Jamaic. 
p.187. Lindley Fl. Med. no. 440. DeCand. prodr. 1. 707. 


There are few species more worth cultivation than this, 
which nevertheless is seldom seen, except in curious collec- 
tions. It isa neat and singular-looking stove plant, with 
bright light green leaves, and it blossoms regularly about 
midsummer, producing its brilliant blue flowers in abun- 
dance. The accompanying figure was made in the garden 
of the Horticultural Society. . 


If we were to judge, merely from the technical characters 
to be found in books, this would not be the species to which 
the name of G. officinale belongs; but it will be found by 
any one who will investigate the matter, that there is no 
little confusion among the few species or supposed species of 
this genus, and that the characters assigned to them in the 
writings of systematical Botanists require modification and a 
better adjustment. Whether or not this species really pro- 
duces Lignum Vite, as is asserted, may admit of some doubt; 
for it grows extremely slowly, and it is scarcely to be 


* Guayac, the American name. 
February, 1839. E 


believed that it will form a tree from 40 to 50 feet high, as 
that of Lignum Vite is reported to be; Dr. Macfadyen indeed 
expressly states that it does not grow more than 12 feet high. 
In the Flora of Jamaica of this Botanist, p. 187, is an account 
of the species, from which the following is an extract :— 


“ The bark of this tree is thick and smooth, of a greyish 
colour. The wood is very hard, heavy, so as to sink in 
water; to the taste slightly bitter, inodorous, (but when 
ignited giving outa slight fragrant smell). It takes a fine 
polish, and turns well. It is much used where solidity is an 
object, such as for ship-blocks, bed-rollers, pestles, &c. The 
centre of the wood is an obscure green, and is the part which 
contains the larger proportion of resin: the outer layer or 


sap is more yellow, lighter, and contains very little of the 
resin. 


“ The Gum-resin, known by the name of the Gum 
Guaiacum, is produced from this tree. It is friable, semi- 
transparent, of a brownish green, light, and diffuses in burn- 
ing a somewhat agreeable odour. It has a slight degree of 
bitterness, and produces a smarting or burning sensation in 
the fauces. It dissolves entirely in alcohol; and partially in 
water. Oxalic acid is produced by treating it with nitric 
acid. It either flowers spontaneously and concretes in tears, 
or is obtained by incisions. This latter operation is per- 
formed in May, and the juice, as it flows out, is concreted by 
the sun: It may also be procured by sawing the wood into 
billets, and boring a hole longitudinally through them, so 
that when one end of the billet is laid on the fire, the gum 
flows readily from the other, and is collected in a calabash 
or gourd. It may also be obtained by boiling the chips or 


raspings in salt water, when the gum will separate from the 
wood and rise to the surface. 


“ The Spaniards first imported the Guaiacum wood from 
America into Europe in the year 1508. It had the reputation 
of being antisyphilitic, and the names holy wood, and the. 
wood of life, were given to it, and it was in such esteem as to 
be sold at the rate of seven dollars the pound. It was in the 
height of its reputation in 1519, in consequence of the cele- 
brated warrior Van Hutten having been cured by it, after 
eleven unsuccessful attempts to remove the symptoms he 


laboured under by means of mercury. This mineral was at 
that time not administered to the wealthy or great, but the 
use of it was confined to cases occurring among the com- 
monalty. Gradually, however, it came to supersede the 
Guaiacum, so that the latter has, in a great measure, fallen 
into disuse. It is still, however, considered as a diaphoretic 
and alterative.” 


Lignum Vite is the hardest and heaviest wood that is 
known, its specific gravity being 1.333. It will break like a 
mineral, and can never be split. The latter property is 
doubtless owing to the singular manner in which the woody 
tubes cross each other diagonally, forming a mass so compact 
as to have no cleavage. 


Guaiacum officinale is a genuine stove plant, requiring to 
be grown in a high temperature, with plenty of water to its 
roots, and showers over its leaves. It succeeds well if potted 
in a mixture of rich loam and peat, but, like most other 
stove and greenhouse plants, prefers being planted out. 


It does not strike freely at all seasons; the best time to 
take off cuttings is early in the spring, when the plant is 
beginning to grow. In selecting them, a little of the ripened 
wood of the present year should be left upon them, which 
prevents their damping off. They may then be plunged in . 
bottom heat under a bell-glass, and they will strike root in a 
few weeks. 


Of the dissections, fig. 1. represents the estivation of the 
calyx; 2. the stamens and pistil; 3. a transverse section of 
the ovary ; 4. a vertical section of the same, with the ovules 
in their natural position ; and 5. an ovule apart. 


7 7 s 
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10 


GERANIUM tuberosum ; var. ramosum. 


Tuberous Geranium, branched variety. 


DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. GERANIACEZ. 
GERANIUM. Linneus. 


G. tuberosum ; radice subglobosa, caule simplici erecto nudo v. medio diphyllo, 
foliis 5-7-partitis : lobis pinnatifidis ; laciniis passim incisis, cymá terminali 
patenti trichotoma glanduloso-pilosá, petalis emarginatis, staminibus liberis : 
filamentis recurvis pilosis alternis majoribus. Flora Greca, t. 659. cum 
synonymis. 

Var. ramosum ; caule folioso ramoso, pedunculis sub-geminis sepius axillaribus. 


This curious Geranium is a hardy herbaceous plant, with 
fleshy roots the size of a walnut. It is met with in the 
kingdom of Naples, which seems its most western limit, and 
it occurs as far to the eastward as the Euphrates, where it 
was met with in abundance by Col. Chesney. In the fields 
of Greece and some of the islands of the Archipelago it is 
common, and it occurs to the north as far as the Crimea. 


Usually its stem is quite simple, and produces two or 
three radical leaves, above which it rises to the height of five 
or six inches, where it forms a pair of opposite leaves, from 
between which rises the cyme of purple flowers. Such is 
the state of the plant in my specimens from Smyrna, the 
Volga, Naples, and the Euphrates; so 1 find it in others 
dried many years ago in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, 
and in Sibthorp’s Greek Herbarium, and it is so described 
by all systematic Botanists. The plant now figured, collected 
near Potenza by the Hon. W. F. Strangways, is however 
quite different, branching from its very base like other 


Geraniums; on which account 1 have thought it desirable 
to note it as a peculiar variety. 


This is supposed to be the first sort of Geranium described 
by Dioscorides, the root of which that author states is sweet 
and eatable. 


It is a hardy perennial, growing well in any good rich 
garden soil, flowering the greater part of summer, and in- 
creased either in spring or autumn by seeds or division of 
the roots. 


Lud e Oy J Ridgway 460 Qr, 4 uad Psd: Z 185 if 


il 


EPIDENDRUM variegatum. 


Variegated Epidendrum. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. Orcuipacez, $ EPIDENDREZ. 
EPIDENDRUM. Bot. Reg. fol. 17. 


E. variegatum ; pseudobulbis oblongis compressis 2-3-phyllis, foliis oblongo- 
lanceolatis obtusis, racemo simplici terminali, sepalis petalisque obovatis ob- 
tusis coriaceis, labello postico subrotundo acuto: callo baseos concavo 
emarginato dente columnæ posticá obtusá. 

E. variegatum. Bot. Mag. t. 3151. 

E. coriaceum. Jd. t. 3595. a variety. 


A native of Brazil, whence it has long since been imported, 
so that it now common in collections of Orchidacez, where 
it is valued for the delicious fragrance of its flowers, resem- 
bling nothing so much as Lily of the Valley. The figure 
now published was made many years ago in the collection of 
Messrs. Loddiges. 


In many respects it agrees with E. lancifolium a Mexican, 
and E. crassilabium a Peruvian species; but it differs from 
both in having the fleshy tooth, placed at the back of the 
anther, quite entire, blunt and rounded, not to mention other 
marks of distinction. Like Æ. fragrans it is very subject to 
variation, as must be obvious to any one who has remarked 
the peculiarities of the imported plants, which from time to 
time flower in collections, scarcely any two of which are 
exactly alike. Of these one is figured in the Botanical 
Magazine under the name of Æ. coriaceum. 

In general the sepals and petals are marked with distinct 


purple blotches, on a pale green ground ; but sometimes they 
are richly dotted, and occasionally are cream-coloured, with 


only a few specks of purple. Iam also disposed to regard 
as another variety a plant found by M. Descourtilz near Ilha 
Grande in Brazil, on fallen trees, in the midst of sandy plains, 
fully exposed to the sun. In this the leaves and pseudo- 
bulbs are very narrow, and the flowers are a pale dull dirty 
yellow, with narrow linear-lanceolate segments. It forms 
t. 67 of Baron Delessert’s unpublished figures of Brazilian 
Orchidacez. 


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MAXILLARÍA vitellina. 


Yellow racemose Maxillaria. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. > 


Nat. ord. OrcHIDACEz, $ VANDEZ. 
MAXILLARIA. Fl. Peruv. 


M. vitellina ; pseudobulbis ovatis obtusé angulatis monophyllis, foliis lanceolatis 
in petiolum canaliculatum angustatis, racemo cernuo radicali foliorum lon- 
gitudine, labelli cuneati trilobi lobis lateralibus acutis anticé crenulatis 
intermedio bilobo rotundato cordato crenulato, tuberculo disci trilobo obtu- 
sissimo, ungue pubescente. Bot. Reg. 1838. misc. no. 116. 


A Brazilian epiphyte, allied to M. racemosa, which differs 
in having an undivided labellum, a hairy column, and in 
many other circumstances. 


M. aureo-fulva, another beautiful plant related to this, 
and well figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 3269, has an 
acuminate even lip, little differing in form from the sepals 
„and petals. Itis the “ Epidendre Limodore " of Descourtilz, 
and was found by that traveller in great abundance upon 
fallen trees encumbering the sandy plain through which the 
great public road passes from Bananal to Ilha Grande. 


The exact locality of this is unknown. It was imported 
by Messrs. Loddiges, with whom it flowered in June, 1838. 


It requires the temperature and humidity of the moist 
stove. After it has perfected its pseudo-bulbs for the season, 
it should be kept perfectly dry for a considerable length of 
time; and, if convenient, removed to a cooler house. This 
will make it grow and flower freely when it is brought back 
to the moist stove. In all other respects, its treatment should 


March, 1839. F 


be the same as is practised with other tropical plants of this 
very extensive order. 


Any of the back pseudo-bulbs, such as are represented 
in the plate, by being taken off will form plants, but the front 
ones are by far the best. 


This genus is now so extensive, that it is difficult even 
for those most familiar with the species to avoid errors in 
publishing what are supposed to be new ones. I therefore 
may be permitted to observe, not for the purpose of criti- ~ 
cizing, but for the sake of preventing, if possible, the incon- 
venience of multiplying names, that the M. Henchmanni of 
the Bot. Magazine, t. 3614, is one of the forms of M. varia- 
bilis. M. pumila of the same work, t. 3613, is so very near 
M. uncata, that although from the figure it seems different, 
it is desirable to re-examine it, and I shall be glad to receive 
it from some of my correspondents. 


Pura In, GF Bin, AL 4 / Af / O O Of rn; Af 
SAW YY Y Dou 760 Pucudilly Mut? 7839 ` S. Bs ar 1 


13 
ALSTROMERÍA Ligtu. 
The Ligtu. 


HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 
Nat. ord. AMARYLLIDACEE. 
ALSTROMERIA. Bot. Reg. vol. 17. p. 1410. 


A. Ligtu ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis glabris apice subcirrhosis, pedun- 
culis corymbosis subbifloris foliis longioribus, sepalis obovatis emarginatis 
mucrone interjecto, petalis 2 posticis spathulatis apiculatis. 

Hemerocallis floribus purpurascentibus striatis vulgó Ligtu. Feuillée obs. 
710. €. 4. 

A.Ligtu. Linn. sp. pl..462. Fl. Peruv. 3. p. 59. Römer et Schultes, 6. 
735. Herbert Amaryllid. 92, 

A. Feuilleana. Meyer in Reliq. Hank. 2. 122. 


Caulis in spontaneá 1-13-pedalis, adscendens, simplex, in cultá 3-pedalis 
et ultra. Folia linearia et lineari-lanceolata, alterna, torsione resupinata 
aut omnind recta, sub corymbo verticillata. Pedunculi corymbosi, sepius 
biflori, nunc triflori, foliis longiores, medio bracteati. Sepala membranacea, 
apice patentia, vix serrata, obovata, emarginata vel feré obcordata, mucrone 
viridi interposito, alba, purpureo pallidissimo suffusa. Petala postica spa- 
thulata erecta, apiculata, basi alba sanguineo punctata, apice sanguinea, 
medio lutea sanguineo oblique et interrupte vittata. 


How the figure of the Ligtu given by Feuillée, barbarous 
as it is, could have been supposed to represent the Brazilian 
plant called in gardens Alstromeria Ligtu, which is in fact 
the A. caryophyllea of Jacquin, it passes my skill to dis- 
cover. This is a distinctly marked species, the characteristics 
of which are the long-branched peduncles, and the obovate 
or obcordate sepals; to which may be added, that the latter 
are little if at all serrated. 


A. Ligtu is so named because, according to Feuillée, it 
is called “ Ligtu” in Chile; dried specimens from that 
country are not uncommon in herbaria, and the plant pro- 
bably exists in many gardens, although not distinguished 
from either A. Pelegrina or pulchra. The former differs in its 
short, one-flowered, rigid, peduncles; the latter in its shorter 
flowers, and spathulate rather than obcordate, serrated 
sepals. The accompanying figure was obtained from a plant 
in the possession of Charles Barclay, Esq. of Bury Hill, in 
July, 1838. It was exhibited at one of the great meetings 
in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, where it was 
conspicuous among many beautiful species for the delicacy 
of its flowers and their large size. 


In his elaborate account of Amaryllidacee, Mr. Herbert 
notices four varieties of this plant. But I conceive that one 
of them (No. 2.), the A. lineatiflora is more referable to 
A. pulchra than to Ligtu, if it is not different from both; 
and another (No. 4.), noticed from dried specimens in my 
herbarium, to A. Pelegrina. 


It is not intelligible why those very beautiful flowers 
should not be more generally cultivated, for surely there is 
no genus more likely to reward the care of a skilful gar- 
dener. It would appear however that they are not general 
favourites, for although the Horticultural Society have en- 
couraged the growth of them by assigning the genus a 
separate place in the list of objects for which medals are 
oftered at their Garden meetings, yet there has at present 
been little competition. For the information of those who 
are disposed to turn their attention to the subject, and 
who have the opportunity of procuring new species from 
South America, where the most showy species still remain 
to be introduced, the following extract is taken from 
Mr. Herbert's excellent work. 


* Being chiefly natives of alpine situations, these beau- 
tiful plants require free air, and (with the exception of 
Caryophyllacea amongst those we possess) very little pro- 
tection, except from severe frost. A. Hookeri, planted in 
front of one of my stoves, formed a large patch, the foliage 
resisting all frost in that situation, and flowered throughout 
the summer ; but the two last dry summers have greatly re- 
duced it. "They are very thirsty plants in the season of their 


growth, and should be abundantly watered in dry weather 
at that time.” 


“A. psittacina, as well as heemantha and aurantiaca, 
flowers well in the open ground, if covered with straw or a 
thick coat of leaves in the winter. The soil should be light, 
and the tubers set pretty deep; and any heading that would 


throw the wet off in the winter will be found advantageous. 


It is absolutely necessary to pick the slugs off the border, 
which will otherwise devour every shoot at its first appear- 
ance above ground ; and it will be found advantageous to 
cover the bed in the spring with dry sawdust, which the 
slugs do not like to crawl over, and will keep moisture in 
the ground. A top covering of peat is also disagreeable to 
slugs, which I find very troublesome in biting the flower- 


stalks of Gladioli on sandy loam, but they rarely do so on a 
border of black earth.” 


4 
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SETS 


14 


* HUNTLEYA Meleagris. 
Speckled Huntleya. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. OncHIDACER, $ VANDER. 
HUNTLEYA. Bot. Reg. fol. 1991 in textu. 


H. Meleagris ; sepalis petalisque ovatis acuminatis tessellatis, labello subcon- 
formi unguiculato concavo cristà baseos fimbriatá, columns cucullo crenato. 
Huntleya Meleagris. Bot. Reg. l. c. 1838. misc. no. 20. 


This is at present one of the rarest of the epiphytes in 
cultivation, the only specimen I have seen being that now 
figured, which flowered with Messrs. Rollissons in July, 1838. 
Its blossoms are much yellower and less tessellated with 
purple than in the Brazilian drawing from which the species 
was first described, and it is not improbable that it will be 
found to vary in this respect. The whole surface of the 
flowers had quite the appearance of being glazed. 


The following is M. Descourtilz's account of the plant, a 
little reduced from his manuscript in M. Delessert's copy. 


Rootstock as thick as the little finger, green, cylindrical, 
with white rootlets on the under-side. Leaves alternate, in 
two opposite rows, forming a very much compressed fan ; 
above they are bright green and smooth, beneath they are 
bluish green, with paler and projecting longitudinal veins. 
These leaves are a foot or more long, and about an inch 
wide ;. from the axil of the lowest of them rises a cylindrical 
pale green peduncle, with two opposite bracts near the 


middle. 

The flower is large, terminal, solitary, having five petals, 
broad at the base, with a white claw, and a claret-coloured 
ground on the inside, which is sometimes speckled with 

i 


* So called by Mr. Bateman, in compliment to the Rev. Mr. Huntley, a 
zealous collector of rare plants. 


greenish pink, and always marked by longitudinal lines 
connected by other transverse ones, which thus form nume- 
rous elevations, and make the flower look like a draught- 
board. The two lower sepals have their inner edge at the 
base rolled inwards like a horn. The /abellum is triangular, 
tongue-shaped, of a pure ivory white, bordered with deep 
purple, and nerved with a deeper tint. Its edges are turned 
downwards, and it is attached to the base of the column by 
a narrow white claw. At the origin of the claw is a crescent- 
shaped plate, hollowed out at its upper edge, and fringed 
with long stiff white hairs, which furrow downwards all the 
part that supports them. 


This charming plant is found in gloomy damp woods on 
the banks of the Rio de Pirapitinga, in the district of Bananal. 
It is scentless, and flowers in June. 


Mr. Rollisson assures me that he received his specimen 
from the same country as that which produced the Zygo- 
petalon cochleare, figured in this work, plate 1857; if so, I 
must have been misinformed as to Trinidad being the native 
country of the latter. I am the more disposed to believe 
that such was really the fact, because I find a drawing, of 
what is e! a luxuriant specimen of Z. cochleare, 
among M. Descourtilz's collection, gathered in Brazil, on the 
high mountains separating the province of St. Paul's from 
that of Minas Geraes, and known by the name of the Manti- 
queiras, where it flowers in the hottest season. 


It thrives very well in the orchideous-house at Tooting» 
where the atmosphere is kept saturated with moisture, and 
the temperature is in winter from 60° to 70° Fahr., and in 
summer from 70° to 90°. The house is of course well shaded 
from the bright rays of the summer’s sun. Like other kinds 
of orchidaceous plants with thick fleshy roots, this requires 
a considerable quantity of water, and should be freely 
syringed. It is grown ina pot, but would probably succeed 


quite as well if hung up, as the greater part of those with 
fleshy roots do much better in that way. 


It is propagated by taking off the young shoots, which it 
sends out rather slowly. 


Miss Drake ddt ePub de Y JS. Fidgway 109 Piccadilly. Mancha TEIG. Go atela pi 


15 


DIANTHUS ferrugineus. 
Yellow Pink. 


DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. SILENACER. 
DIANTHUS. Bot. Reg. vol. 18. fol. 1548. 


D. ferrugineus; herbaceus, floribus aggregatis, bracteis spinescentibus squarrosis 
propriis calyce brevioribus, petalis flavis cuneatis dentatis, foliis linearibus 
margine leevibus basi longè connatis. 

D. ferrugineus. Linn. mantiss.: 563. DeCand. prodr. 1. 356. Tenore 
Sylloge 207. 


Among the many beautiful species of Dianthus which 
the lovers of hardy herbaceous plants possess, that now 
figured is one of the rarest and most remarkable, on account 
of its flowers being of a clear pale yellow, instead of white or 
pink as is more usual. 


It is nearly allied to D. carthusianorum, from which it 
differs in the squarrose character of its bracts, and its smooth 
edge leaves, as well as in the colour of the petals. 


Whether it is to their intermixture with this, or the little 
knowh D. ochroleucus of the Levant, that some of the more 
precious varieties of Piccotees and Carnations owe their 
yellow, is unknown; this is, however, so rare a colour 
in the genus, that the effect has probably been produced by 
either one or the other. 


The specimen figured was given me by Henry Fox 
Talbot, Esq. Its seeds were brought from the Botanic 
Garden, Florence, by the Hon. W. F. Strangways. 


This is a delicate but very neat hardy perennial, growing 
from twelve to eighteen inches high, in any light rich soil 
and rather dry situation, flowering about July or August. 


It may be increased either by seeds sown in the spring, 
or by pipings in autumn; but, like Dianthus Libanotis, it 
suffers very much, and is often entirely destroyed, if not 
protected from the wet in autumn and winter by a hand- 
glass. 


It is a native of Calabria, the Abruzzi, and other parts of - 
the kingdom of Naples; and also it is said of the Apennines. 


Misa Drake’ at? Pub hy E Tee 7 0 Y . Piccadilly Marchi, 1 OF Y Garda IC 


A A 


16 


ONCIDIUM luridum ; var. guttatum. 


Mr. Boyd's Oncidium. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACEA, $ VANDEA. 
ONCIDIUM. . Swartz. 


` O, luridum. Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 201. 


B guttatum ; sepalis petalisque luteis sanguineo-maculatis. 
Epidendrum guttatum. Linn. sp. pl. 1351. 

Cymbidium guttatum. Willd. sp. pl. 4. 102. 

Oncidium Boydii. hort. 


That this is the long lost Epidendrum guttatum of Linneus, 
a Jamaica plant, unknown to Swartz, who so carefully in- 
vestigated the Botany and especially the Orchidaceous plants 
of the island, I do not doubt. The name luridum ought 
therefore in strictness to be abolished ; but that of guttatum 
applies so generally to the whole genus, that there would be 
more inconvenience than advantage in the measure. 


It was imported from Jamaica by Messrs. Rollissons, to 
whom I am obliged for the specimen from which the figure 
has been taken. Certainly, O. Lanceanum and Forbesii alone 
excepted, this is the most beautiful plant of the genus yet in 
our gardens; the richness of its colours, the profusion of its 
flowers, and its stately growth, for it is from three to four 
feet high, would even make it doubtful whether it does not 
rival the former species, only it wants the aromatic odour. 


In structuré it differs nothing from O. luridum, so far as 
I can ascertain. 


It requires to be cultivated in the orchidaceous-house or 
moist stove, either suspended from the roof, or elevated above 


March, 1839. G 


the surface of the pot. It should be placed in the warmest 
part of the stove, and its roots in particular freely syringed. 
The soil should be turfy peat, kept open with broken bricks 
or pots, to allow a free passage for the water. Water must 
be given more freely at certain seasons than at others ; but it 
does not require such a long period of rest as Catasetums 
and plants of that kind, and therefore may be kept almost 
continually growing. 


It is multiplied by division, the front shoots making the 
best plants. 


So little is correctly known concerning the native habits 
of the great order of Orchidaceous epiphytes, that 1 gladly 
avail myself of a vacant space to give the following localities 
of some other Oncidiums, as stated by M. Descourtilz in 


his MSS. 


Oncidium ciliatum. Flowers in September, in low woods, sur- 


rounding the table-land (plateaux) of the neighbourhood 
of Bananal. 


Oncidium iridifolium. Found in Brazil, exclusively on 
branches of the Orange and Lemon, flowering in April. 
The fruit is large, and has six large transparent wings. 
Very common in the province of St. Paul's, about the 


town of Bom Jesus de Bananal, choosing in preference dry 
places exposed to the sun. 


Oncidium pubes. Thin forests, surrounding the table-land 
near Bom Jesus de Bananal, flowering in the month of 


May. 


Oncidium | divaricatum. Trunks of the highest trees, in 


elevated mountains of the Serra das Argoas in the district 
of Ilha Grande, flowering in February. 


Mh Ay oF FLAG ay 160 Peccnuda 


AKE 


17 


MAXILLARIA stapelioides. 
Stapelia-like Maxillaria. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORcHIDACE E, $ VANDER. 
MAXILLARIA. Fl. Peruv. 


M. stapelioides ; pseudobulbis ovatis tetragonis 1-2-phyllis, foliis tenuibus lan- 
ceolatis patentibus pallidé glaucis reticulatis, pedunculo diffuso bifloro, 
sepalis petalisque subrotundo-ovatis acutis patulis subequalibus, labello ob- 
longo trilobo : laciniis lateralibus erectis linearibus obliquis obtusis inter- 
mediá ovato-oblongá basi cucullatá, cristá transversá flexuosá carnosá intús 
dente carnoso ovato auctá. 

M. stapelioides. Lind. et Otto abbild. 111.t.52. Gen. et Sp. orch. 146. 


This is one of the Brazilian Maxillarias, whose pseudo- 
bulbous habit separates them in appearance so widely from 
the caulescent species upon which the genus was originally 
founded. For remarks upon this point, the reader is referred 
to plate 8 of the present volume. 


The species whose singular speckled flowers have sug- 
gested the comparison with a Stapelia, inhabits the Organ 
Mountains, where it was found by Mr. Gardner, (No. 651); 
but it was long before obtained from Brazil by the director 
of the Berlin Garden, by whom it was named. It is now 
common in collections, where it is at once recognized by its 
pallid glaucous thin leaves, which look as if suffering under 
the attack of red spider. It is one of the most easy species 
to cultivate. 

Brazil will doubtless be found to contain many such 
plants. M. Rollissoni (Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 40) is one, and a 


plant called by Descourtilz * Epidendre Jonquille,” because ` 
of its colour not its smell, for it is scentless, is another. 


This was also found in the Organ Mountains by Mr. Gardner, 
from whom I have a specimen (No. 652), and as it is pro- 
bably already in this country, it may as well be named and 
characterized. Theunpublished name of Jonquil is so likely 
to lead to misconception, that 1 make no excuse for changing 
it to 
M. xanthina; pseudobulbis ovalibus tetragonis 1-2-phyllis, foliis angusté lan- 
ceolatis, pedunculis ascendentibus unifloris pedicello sterili terminatis, 
bracteá ovatá mucronatá cucullatá, sepalis petalisque oblongis acutis patu- 
lis subequalibus, labello oblongo trilobo laciniis lateralibus erectis linearibus 


obtusissimis integris intermediá bilabiatá : labio superiore carnoso abbreviato 
truncato 5-dentato inferiore oblongo acuto. 


This is very different from both M. aromatica and Rollissonú. 
M. Descourtilz found it on the high mountains of Ilha 
Grande, on the side towards the sea, and exposed to the 
rising sun. He does not say whether it occurs on trees or 
on the ground. 


ARE Cbd,” Pu lp Z 1. E m " eS Bruta ar 
AULA. CLEA Di Ly I Kilyuny V Piccasity Apt f 1039 G Aud) 


18 


* HOYÁ coriacea. 
T'hick-leaved Hoya. 


` PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. ASCLEPIADACER. 


HOYA. R. Br. Corolla rotata, 5-fida. Corona staminea 5-phylla, 
foliolis depressis patentibus carnosis, angulo interiore producto in dentem an- 
there incumbentem. Anthere membraná terminate. Masse pollinis basi 
affixe, conniventes, compresse. Stigma muticum, vel subapiculatum. Folliculi 
leves. Semina comosa. Frutices aut suffrutices, volubiles, scandentes, 
aut decumbentes. Folia opposita, carnosa v. membranacea. Umbellæ late- 
rales, multiflore. Wight Contributions to the Botany of India, p. 35. 


` 


H. coriacea ; foliis subvenosis ovalibus acutis v. acuminatis coriaceis glabris, 

corolla intús sericeà. Blume Bijdr. 1063? 

Suffrutex. Caulis teres, glaber. Folia glabra, subcoriacea, ovalia, 
acuta, venosa nec nervata, suprà atroviridia, infra pallida. Umbellæ mul- 
tiflore, pedunculate, pendule, axillares ; pedicellis glabris; bracteis minutis, 
squameformibus, tomentosis involucrate. Flores albidi; corolla rotatá, 
reflexá, intus pubescente, basi tomentosá, laciniis linearibus acuminatis. 
Corona staminea glaberrima ; foliolis utrinque acuminatis. Anthere oblonge, 
obtuse, membraná brevi bidentatá terminate. Pollinia erecta, glandulá 
simplici exsulcá. 


A very pretty stove plant, sent by Mr. Cuming to Messrs. 
Loddiges, from Manilla; it flowered for the first time in 


August 1838. 


The genus Hoya is a large one, the species of which 
abound in the southern parts of India, and are but imper- 
fectly known to Botanists. Dr. Wight mentions twenty as 
found in Hindostan and the neighbouring islands ; to which 
Dr. Blume adds nine more. The characters of the latter 
are so very short that it is impossible to ascertain, in the 


* Named in compliment to Mr. James Hoy, for many years the Botanical 
Gardener to the Duke of Northumberland at Syon House. 


April, 1839. H 


absence of authentic specimens, whether a plant correspond- 
ing with those characters is really the one intended ; for dis- 
tinctions expressed in such brief terms may apply to several 
different species and not be peculiar to one only. For this 
reason I am in doubt whether the plant now figured is really 
the H. coriacea, although I perceive no difference between 
it and Dr. Blume’s definition of that species. It is to be 
hoped that this and all such points will be settled by M. 
Decaisne, who, fortunately for science, has undertaken the 


elaboration of the natural order Asclepiadacez for DeCan- 
dolle’s Prodromus. 


Fig. 1. represents an anther viewed from the inside; and 


fig. 2. a pair of pollen-masses adhering to their common 
gland. 


This curious species seems to be nearly parasitical in its 
habits. Messrs. Loddiges grow it in the Orchideous house, 
on the block of wood upon which it was imported,—this is 
placed in a pot, and surrounded with soil. It will grow in 


any light soil, the chief thing in its cultivation being a warm 
and moist atmosphere. 


It does not send out roots from its stem like the other 
species, and is found at present rather difficult to propagate. 
However, there is little doubt of its being multiplied with 
a little patience either by cuttings or layers. 


en 


19 


EPACRÍS impressa ; var. parviflora. 


Small-flowered Pitted Epacris. 


PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. EPACRIDACER. 
EPACRIS. Bot. Reg. vol. 18. fol. 1531. 


E. impressa; ramulis pubescentibus, foliis sessilibus ovatis acuminatis pungen- 
tibus margine scabriusculis subtus obsoleté nervosis, floribus axillaribus soli- 
tariis pendulis subsessilibus, sepalis acutis margine lanulosis, corollà cylin- 
draceá rectá basi foveatá. 

E. impressa. Lab. nov. holl. 1. 43. t. 58. R. Brown prodr. 407. Sweet fi. 
australas. t. 4. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1691. Bot. Mag. t. 3407. 

B. parviflora ; foliis acutissimis pungentibus margine scabris, corollæ atro-rosez 
tubo cylindraceo limbi laciniis acutissimis, 


The supposed species of Epacris from Van Diemen's 
Land are so very difficult to limit, that it is not improbable 
that many of them are mere varieties of each other. It 
must be obvious enough to any one who is acquainted with 
them in gardens, that the same parcel of wild seeds yields 
strikingly different individuals ; and this is confes to 
what occurs in their native haunts. 


Mr. Gunn, whose accurate observations are invaluable 
as regards the Botany of Van Diemen's Land, and who has 
studied these plants with considerable attention, has lately 
sent over numerous wild specimens of what he regards as 
one species, concerning which he observes, that ‘‘ the colours 
vary from a deep red, through all the paler shades of blush, 
to pure white, so that colour constitutes no distinction ; size 
is as variable." He distinguishes four chief varieties, viz. 
1. red flowering, tall; 2. red flowering, dwarf ; 3. white 
flowering, tall; 4. white flowering, dwarf; in addition to 
which many others might be named. 


That which is now figured was sent from New Holland 
to his house at York by Mr. James Backhouse, under the 
name of E. ruscifolia ; but that species, as defined by Dr. 
Brown, has stalked leaves, and it is to be inferred, from the 
way in which the definition in the Prodromus is constructed, 
that it has pedunculate flowers. The latter circumstance 1s 
so variable, that no importance can be attached to it; the 
former appears more stable; but in the absence of authen- 
tically named specimens, it is impossible to form a correct 
opinion as to whether Æ. ruscifolia is, or is not, one of the 


varieties of E. impressa. The plant now figured is certainly 
nothing more. 


The natural season for flowering, for these plants, is our 
winter; they begin to blossom in August, and are not out of 
flower before the following March. For this reason they 
are so particularly well suited for the ornament of green- 
houses in the winter; and those who wish to possess an 
abundance of flowers at that season, will find it in general 
less difficult to obtain them from these natives of the anti- 
podes than from the species inhabiting the northern hemi- 


sphere, which can only be brought into bloom by great skill 
in the art of forcing. 


Cuttings of this species should be taken off in the early 
part of spring, inserted in silver sand, and placed under a 
bell-glass. "They should then be put upon a cool shelf or 
frame, and allowed to remain there until they begin to root. 
They may then be potted off in very sandy peat, and shaded 


for a few days from bright sunshine. 


The treatment in the greenhouse should be precisely the 
same as is practised with other well-known species. Like 
the Cape heaths this is easily injured by neglecting to give it 
a supply of water, or by removing it carelessly from one 
place to another. 


"9 Ly 


r 
J 04 ACCOL 


20 


L4 
DENDROBIUM aureum; var. pallidum. 
Golden-flowered Dendrobium ; pale variety. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACE£, $ MALAXIDE£. 
DENDROBIUM. Bot. Reg. vol. 7. fol. 548. 


D. aureum ; caulibus teretibus clavatis internodiis brevibus, foliis lineari-oblongis 
apice obliquis emarginatis, pedunculis subbifloris aggregatis lateralibus, se- 
palis lineari-ovatis acuminatis obtusis, petalis latioribus ovatis acutis undu- 
latis, labello ovali undulato obtusiusculo indiviso medio serrulato per axim 
pubescente. 

D. aureum. Gen. $ Sp. Orch. p.78. 


A native of Ceylon, where it was first found by Mr. 
Macrae growing upon trees, near Nuera Ellia, flowering in 
January. It has since been frequently imported, and is 
occasionally seen in the collections of this country. The 
accompanying drawing was made in the Nursery of the 
Messrs. Loddiges, in March 1838. 


The species varies with pale yellow and white flowers, 
the latter being what is here represented. In both varieties 
the fragrance is remarkable, forming a something interme- 
diate between violets and primroses. 


The materials from which it was first described were 
very imperfect, and consequently various alterations and 
emendations in the specific character have become necessary, 
and are now made. 


The magnified figure represents the labellum seen from 
the inside. 


It is propagated in the same way, and requires precisely 
the same treatment as D. crumenatum, described at t. 22 of 
this volume. The side shoot with the roots represented in 
the figure, if taken carefully off, would make an excellent 
plant. 


| il i 
E FGD, j T » 2 P 2. * 1091 
Mf y A dou" — Jed Piccoli Ay 1 1830 


21 


PENTSTEMON barbatum ; var. carneum. 


Flesh-coloured bearded Pentstemon. 


DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. 


Nat. ord. SCROPHULARIACER. 
PENTSTEMON. Bot. Reg. vol. 13. fol. 1121. 


P. barbatum ; glaucum, foliis integerrimis radicalibus spathulatis petiolatis acutis 
caulinis sessilibus lanceolatis, floribus pendulis paniculatis, labio inferiore 
corolle barbato revoluto tripartito. 

a. foliis latioribus radicalibus magis spathulatis corollis coccineis. 

Chelone barbata. Cavan. ic. UI. 22, t. 242. Bot. Register, vol. 2. fol. 116. 

B. foliis angustioribus longioribus, corollis carneis. 


In a fresh state this pretty Mexican plant looks unlike 
the old Pentstemon barbatum; the colour of its flowers, 
especially, and its long narrow leaves giving it a peculiar 
aspect. Upon being dried, however, which is one of the 
great tests of species, its distinctions disappear for the most 
part, and it is no longer separable from its original type. 


It was raised from seed presented to the Horticultural 
Society by George Frederick Dickson, Esq. and is a hardy 
perennial, only suffering from excess of moisture during 
winter, growing from two to three feet high, in any rich 
garden soil, and flowering in July and August. 


It is increased readily by cuttings, in the autumn, or by 
seeds, which should be sown in pots, as soon as they are 
ripe, and protected from the wet in winter. The seeds will 
not vegetate before the spring, and as the old plants become 
exhausted in flowering, and are very subject to damp off in 
winter, it is best to raise young plants from cuttings every 
autumn, and also to protect the old ones with a hand-glass 
during winter. 


It may appear necessary to offer some explanation of 
having changed the name of this plant from Chelone to 


Pentstemon. These two genera have been divided by the 
former having woolly anthers, and the latter smooth ones ; 
and supposing that this were really the essential distinction 
between them, the subject of this notice would belong to 
, Pentstemon. Others have distinguished the genera by the 
form of the flower, ascribing to Chelone a corolla short, 
inflated, and contracted at the orifice, with winged seeds; 
and to Pentstemon a funnel-shaped corolla, with angular 
seeds; in this view of the subject the latter would still be the 
station of the present species. It is only when the genera 
Chelone and Pentstemon are merged into one, in which case 
the former name supersedes the latter, that Chelone can be 
the proper appellation of our plant; and this combination is, 
it is needless to say, any thing rather than a judicious one. 
I therefore agree with Mr. Bentham (Scrophulariacee indice, 
p.7.) in striking out of the genus Chelone all the plants 
hitherto referred to it, with the exception of C. Lyonit, 
glabra, obliqua, and nemorosa, and in placing all the others 
in Pentstemon. 


A Ñ D 7 hf) . s VAR y, E ^0 3^ O Ñ EE EA 
¡Duake deb” — f by y Rider 149 7 ¿eco vu 7 1830) S. DAY él 


22 


DENDROBIUM crumenatum. 


Sweet Club-stemmed Dendrobium. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACE®, $ MALAXIDEZ. 
DENDROBIUM. Bot. Register, vol. 7. fol. 548. 


D. crumenatum ; caulibus cespitosis erectis basi incrassatis teretibus, foliis ovato- 
oblongis obtusis emarginatis, racemo terminali (3-5) multifloro, sepalis pe- 
.talisque ovatis acuminatis subundulatis conformibus, labello cucullato tri- 
lobo: lobis lateralibus truncatis intermedio ovato acuto, disco lamellato. 
Angrecum crumenatum. Rumph. herb. amb. VI. 105. t. 47. y: 9. 
Onychium crumenatum. Blum. Bijdr. p. 326. 
Dendrobium erumenatum. Swartz. Willd. sp. pl. no. 20. Hort. Trans. VII. 
p.70. Gen. et Sp. orch. p. 88. 


A native of various parts of the Indian Archipelago, 
where it inhabits the branches of trees: this species has 
long been known to Botanists from the figure given by 
Rumphius, and by specimens which travellers, attracted by 
its delicious perfume, have from time to time sent to Europe. 


Dr. Blume found it in Java, near Batavia, and on the 
coast of the little island of Nusa Kambanga ; and the late Sir 
Stamford Raffles met with it in Sumatra. Rumphius gives 
no locality for it, referring from the body of his work to a 
description in the Appendix or Auctuarium, where, how- 
ever, nothing is to be found except a back reference to the 
body of the work ; it is doubtless however an inhabitant of 
Amboyna. The specimen now figured was sent by Mr. 
Nightingale from Ceylon to his Grace the Duke of Northum- 
berland, in whose collection at Syon it flowered in August 
1837. 


According to Blume it varies with white and pink flowers, 
and with leaves more or less oblong and coriaceous. It is one 


April, 1839. I 


of the easiest of the genus to manage, and well repays the 
cultivator for the trouble he bestows upon it. 


Why it is called crumenatum, (literally purse-shaped) I 
am unable to state. Rumphius, with whom the name origi- 
nated, gives no explanation; but in one place he calls it A. 
crumenatum, and in another Angrecum angustis crumenis. 


Fig. 1. represents a side view of the labellum; 2. the 
column, and 3. the pollen-masses. 


The species is easily multiplied by taking side shoots from 
the old plant; sometimes young shoots will grow from the 
stem instead of flowers ; these, if taken off carefully and laid 
upon warm damp moss, will, in a short time, make excellent 
plants, Its cultivation is simple. It belongs to that class of 
plants which have a period of growth and a period of rest. 
All that is requisite, is the temperature of the stove, and a 
plentiful supply of water during the growing season. When 
this season is past, the plant should be removed to a cooler 
house, or at least to the coolest part of the house, and kept 
perfectly dry, when its wood will harden, it will lose its 
leaves, and form its flower-buds, lt may afterwards be 


brought into the warmest part of the stove, when the result 
will be a profusion of flowers. 


4 y ; en o bf : 
Ms Idee del.” Rf hy 4 y Vd giu / 69 Prccaelilly Án vil Y 7639 de ony i 


23 
SALVIA patens. 
Large Blue Mexican Sage. 


— ——— 


DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. LaMIACEZ, or LABIATA. 
SALVIA. Bot. Register, vol. 18. fol. 1554. 


$ 7. LonGIrLORA, ceruleee. Bentham lab. 276. 


S. patens ; radice tuberosá, foliis cordatis aut hastatis ovato-oblongis suprà pi- 
losis subtus pubescentibus floralibus lanceolato-linearibus, verticillastris re- 
motis subbifloris, floribus maximis, galeá falcatá, labelli trilobi lobis lateralibus 
minutis acutis intermedio transverso concavo subangulato emarginato. 

S. patens. Cav. ic. V. 33. t. 454. Bentham Labiat. 295. Id. in hort. trans. 
^. s. 11. 222. t. X. 

S. spectabilis. H. B. K. n. g. sp. pl. II. 304. 


Of this, the finest of the genus, a beautiful figure has 
been published in the last part of «the Transactions of the 
Horticultural Society of London, together with an account 
of it by Mr. Bentham. 

Instead of referring to that account I avail myself of a 
manuscript communication upon the subject, for which I am 
indebted to my excellent correspondent Mr. W. B. Booth, 
of whose drawing the annexed is a copy. 

Specimens were sent me last autumn by Mr. Rogers of 
Southampton, Messrs. Lowe and Co. of Clapton, and Mr. 
Pontey of Plymouth. 

T My knowledge of this handsome species of Salvia was 
first derived from a plant exhibited at the Meeting of the 
Cornwall Horticultural Society at Truro, in July, 1838, by 
John Penberthy Magor, Esq. of Penventon, near Redruth, 
to whom lam indebted for the specimens from which the 
accompanying figure and description were taken. It is a 
native of Mexico, from whence roots of it, in a dried state, 
were forwarded to this country in the spring of 1838, one of 
which shortly afterwards produced its magnificent flowers in 
Mr. Magor's garden, and has continued to do so in an airy 
greenhouse ever since. It is one of the largest blue flowering 
kinds yet introduced, and is a valuable addition to the 
splendid assortment of Mexican Salvias which we already 
possess. 

* Hoot perennial, fasciculated, fleshy and fibrous, very 
much resembling that of an Alstromeria, and in this respect 
differing from most other Salvias with which I am ac- 
quainted. The old tubers decay after planting, and are 
succeeded by new ones, which are long and slender, and of 


a pale brown colour. Stems shrubby, upright and much 
branched, from two and a half to three feet high, but pro- 
bably larger when grown in the open border. Leaves three- 
lobed, or more probably hastate, rounded at the base, with 
obtuse points, and finely serrated at the edges. Those of the 


stem have channelled hairy footstalks, from two and a half - 


to three inches long, and are besides much larger than the 
rest, usually measuring about four inches in length, and 
nearly the same from the point of one lobe across to the 
other. The smaller leaves have short footstalks, and are 
narrow in proportion to their length; the latter varies from 
two to two inches and a half, while they are only about one 
inch and a half in breadth. All of them are of a deep green, 
strongly reticulated, and densely clothed with soft hairy 
pubescence. Bracts linear-lanceolate, three-nerved, and 
about an inch long.  Pedicels scarcely half the length of 
the bracteas, round, and of a paler green than the leaves. 
Calyx somewhat campanulate, two-lipped, both of them acu- 
minate, and tinged with brown at the point. The upper lip 
is larger and rather longer than the lower one, which is bifid. 
The Flowers are produced in loose, erect, terminal spikes, 
containing upwards of sixteen on each. They are large and 
handsome, of a deep purplish blue, and come in pairs at each 
joint. The upper lip, which extends horizontally, is much 
arched and compressed. It measures about two inches in 
length, from the calyx to the point, and its breadth in the 
middle of the arch, from which it diminishes both ways, is 
about half an inch. The edges are a pale blue. The lower 
lip is three-lobed, and hangs nearly at right angles with the 
upper, which it exceeds a little in length. The middle 
lobe is the largest, and measures one inch and a quarter 
across. It is round and spreading, somewhat undulated 
at the margin, and notched in the middle. The lateral lobes 
are revolute at the edges, and about an inch in length. 
The opening of the throat is marked by three small white 
stripes on each side. Stamens filiform, curved, and together 
with the style, which is rather longer and more slender, 
concealed by the upper lip. At the base they are slightly 
gibbous, and unite into a small spathulate process, which 
projects a little below the junction with the two bodies that 
attaches them to the lip. Ovarium four-lobed, containing 
one erect seed in each, and enclosed by the calyx, which 
contracts at the mouth after the flowers drop. 

_ “The plant, perhaps, is seen to most advantage when cul- 
tivated in the greenhouse, its large blue flowers being liable 
to be "e by high winds, if exposed in the open border; 
although, like the other Salvias, it will grow in any rich 
garden soil. It increases easily from cuttings, or by seeds, 
which are freely produced. In the course of a short time 
it will no doubt become common." ; 


+ E uo 4 
a a e ^a x N ru. 
CAR EA WC A O IR Y EYES ME TUNES ER T ING o 


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24 


ECHINOCACTUS Scopa. 


The Broom Cactus. 


fi QUERIA ERE 
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. CACTACER. 
ECHINOCACTUS. DeCand. Prodr. 3. 461. Revue des Cactées, 
p. 35. 


E. Scopa ; caule oblongo multicostato, fasciculis spinarum approximatis basi lana- 
tis, subulis extimis 30 40-debilibus albis centralibus 3-4 purpurascentibus 
rigidis, petalis biseriatis luteis apice serratis. 

Cactus Scopa. Link enum. plant. hort. berol. ii. 21. 

Cereus Scopa. Princeps Salm- Dyck in DeCand. prodr. iii. 464. 

Echinocactus Scopa. Hort. Berol. fide Pfeiffer Cact. p. 66. 


A native of Brazil, whence it was many years since sent 
to Prussia, and thence distributed through other parts of 
Europe. It derives its name of the Broom Cactus from 
having the hairs of its stem so long and stiff as to resemble 
that instrument. Dr. Pfeiffer mentions two varieties, one 
with all the hairs white, the other with the central ones 
purple, as in the accompanying figure. 


The latter was taken from a specimen which flowered in 
the valuable collection of Thomas Harris, Esq. of Kingsbury. 


Some explanation of my having placed this plant and the 
two species formerly represented in this work, in the same 
genus, seems to be required. After eliminating the Melo- 
cacti because of their producing their flowers in the woolly 
receptacle peculiar to those plants, the Mammillarias on 
account of their tubercles not being confluent into ridges, 
and the Opuntias because of their rotate flowers and leafy 
spiny sepals, there remains a considerable number of species 
formerly included under the old genus Cactus, which modern 
writers have divided between the two genera Cereus and 
Echinocactus. Now this partition may be effected in two 


May, 1839. K 
^ 


ways ; either the whole of the species with ribbed, and round 
or oblong stems may be placed in Echinocactus, and the rest 
in Cereus, without regard to the flowers; or all the long 
flowered species may be placed in Cereus, and those with 
short flowers in Echinocactus, without regard to habit. In 
either case there are difficulties, for there are species whose 
flowers are intermediate between the long-tubed and short- 
tubed forms, and others whose stems are intermediate between 
the round and the cylindrical, or flattened or long condition. 
On this account itseems to me better to take the stem as the 
distinctive character, because it is the most obvious, unless it 
should be thought better to combine Echinocactus and 
Cereus into one genus, 


REA E Ci iE CAE a 


FS 
re dic X 


The seeds should be sown in silver-sand and very slightly | 
covered ; they should then be placed in a dry bottom heat 
and covered with a bell-glass. The young plants should be 
potted in pots of the smallest size, well drained, and chiefly 
in sand. Afterwards the soil used should never be too rich, 
and well mixed with broken stones or bricks. The plant 
may be preserved in a cool dry house where the temperature 
1$ very low, but a slight bottom heat in the growing season ÀJ 
will always be found to suit it best. z 


E It seldom sends out shoots from its sides, and therefore it- - 
is difficult to obtain cuttings; but where propagation is of 
more consequence than a specimen plant, it should be cut 
across, when the top part will form one plant, and the bottom 
will send out shoots from the sides of the cut. Cuttings 
Should be treated precisely in the same way as seedlings. 


| UUE Cel Si Vy — Kicloiray 100 Ficcion Mes Z f 830 


25 


* MATTHIOLA odoratissima. 


¡Sweetest Evening Stock. 


TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA. 


Nat. ord. BRASSICACER, or CRUCIFERZ. 


* 
MATTHIOLA. R. Brown. Calyx erectus, basi bisaccatus. — Petala 
unguiculata, limbo patente obovato aut oblongo. Stamina libera, edentula, 
longiora subdilatata. Siliqua teres vel compressa. elongata, bilocularis, bivalvis, 
stigmate connivente bilobo, lobis dorso vel incrassatis vel cornigeris. Semina 
compressa, l-serialia, sepiús marginata.  Cotyledones plane, accumbentes. 
DeCand. syst. veg. 2. 162. 


S LUPERIA. 

Petalorum lamine oblonge, undulate aut oblique, sordide e flavo purpu- 
rascentes. Silique apice non tricuspidate, stigmatum dorsis crassis 
gibbisve non verd in cornua excrescentibus. DC. l. c. 

M. odoratissima ; caule erecto ramoso, foliis tomentosis pubescentibusve dentatis 
pinnatifidisve, siliquis compressis puberulis. DC. l. c. 

M. odoratissima. Brown in hort. Kew. 4. 120. Bot. mag. t. 1711. 

Hesperis odoratissima. Poir. suppl. iii. 195. 

Cheiranthus odoratissimus. Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. 192. suppl. 444. 


This is one of the many interesting plants which have 
ceased to be cultivated, and have resigned their place to newer 
species. It is one of those Stocks which DeCandolle called 
Luperie, or sad coloured, because their flowers have ih all 
cases a dull heavy appearance, in consequence of the mixture 
of purple and yellow in the petals, but which in general 
possess the curious property of becoming deliciously fragrant 
towards evening. 


In a wild state this plant inhabits the calcareous moun- 
tains of the Crimea, stony places of the eastern Caucasus, 


. * Named after Peter Andrew Matthioli, the laborious commentator upon 
Dioscorides. 


and the rocky ground about Tiflis in Iberia, and also of the 
sea-coast of the province of Baku. 


When cultivated it is a half-hardy biennial, growing from 
15 to 18 inches high in any strong rich soil, and flowering 
about May. 


The seeds should be sown about the end of May, in pots, 
and placed in a cold frame; the plants, when large enough, 
should be transferred to small pots, putting two or three 
plants into each pot, and shifting them afterwards, as they 
require it; and finally, they should be placed in an airy part 
of the green-house during winter, for the damp or a few de- 
grees of frost soon destroy them. 


J 


f GN / pa C2 / f 
ust A) n, » det I 2 / GF . "gg f Nan 5 
MAAS LL URE olel. AMAT Uy I Riclopurwy 1600) Siuaslisly Aag rá J BA 6 Y f OU ve) be 


2 


/ 


26 


LALIA furfuracea. 
Scurfy-stalked Lelia. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACER, $ EPIDENDREZ. 
LZELIA. Botanical Register, vol. 21. fol. 1751. 


L. furfuracea; pseudobulbis ovatis striatis submonophyllis, foliis angusté ob- 
longis erectis acutis scapo multo brevioribus, scapo unifloro (?) tereti, brac- 
teis oblongis membranaceis acutis, sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis patentissi- 
mis, petalis subrhombeis lanceolatis undulatis sublobatis, labelli trilobi bila- 
mellati lobis lateralibus erectis rotundatis truncatis intermedio oblongo revo- 
luto, ovario glandulis nigris furfuraceo. 


This plant was imported by Mr. Barker of Birmingham, 
from whom I received it in November 1838, as a new species. 
It is very like L. autumnalis, represented in the next plate, 
but its pseudo-bulbs are merely ovate and slightly furrowed, 
instead of having a long neck and being deeply furrowed ; 
the leaves are solitary or in pairs, and not in twos or threes; 
they are erect and straight, not spreading and curved; the 
flowers have little or no smell; the petals are so much more 
undulated as to appear lobed, and they are distinctly rhom- 
boidal, and finally the ovary is closely covered with black 
mealy glands. It would seem moreover that the scape does 
not bear more than one flower instead of several, but of this 
I cannot so well judge. 


It was found near Oaxaca, by Count Karwinski, and is 
probably not uncommon in collections, large quantities 
having been received by various persons from Mexico, espe- 
cially by the Horticultural Society, who have distributed it 
among their fellows. 


A. and B. are varieties differing in colour, but apparently 
in nothing more. The species is hgured in the next plate to 


L. autumnalis, in order that the differences between the two 
species may be the more readily perceived. 


The cultivation of this species, in so far as our knowledge 
extends, is rather difficult. It probably proceeds from the 
nearly uniform temperature of our stoves in this country, 
differing so much from the temperature to which plants are 
subjected, at considerable elevations in tropical regions. 


There are many plants which belong to this order, the 
peculiar treatment of which is now perfectly understood, and 
which consists in removing them from the stove, and placing 
them in a cooler house for several months every season ; some 
of the species of Bletia are examples of this. 


The present species should be cultivated ina cooler house 
than is generally used for Orchidaceous plants, and subjected 
to considerable variations of temperature by being at certain 
seasons kept in the greenhouse. 


21 


LALÍA autumnalis. 


Autumnal Lelia. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACE®, $ EPIDENDREZ. : 
LAELIA. Botanical Register, vol. 21. fol. 1751. 


L. autumnalis; pseudobulbis ovatis teretibus costatis apice attenuatis 2-3-phyl- 
lis, foliis oblongo-linearibus patentissimis scapo multó brevioribus, scapo 
tereti apice subsexfloro, bracteis oblongis membranaceis acutis, sepalis lan- 
ceolatis acuminatis patentissimis, petalis oblongo-lanceolatis undulatis, labelli 
trilobi bilamellati lobis lateralibus erectis rotundatis truncatis intermedio 
oblongo-lanceolato apice reflexo, ovario glabro. 

Bletia autumnalis. La Llave et Lexarz. nov. veg. descr. 2. 19. 

L. autumnalis. Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 115. Bateman Orch. Mexic. et 
Guatemal. t. 9. 


. A very fragrant and beautiful plant, imported from 
Mexico of late years, and now not uncommon in gardens. 
A considerable number of iv has been given away among 
the Fellows of the Society by order of the Council of the 
Horticultural Society of London. 


The specimen now figured was taken from a plant which 
flowered at Woburn, and which was sent me by the Duke 
of Bedford. 


I have nothing to add to the following account extracted 
from Mr. Bateman's magnificent work on the Orchidaceous 
plants of Mexico and Guatemala. 


‘ The genus Lelia may be regarded as one of the most 
ornamental of its tribe, since pleasing colours, graceful 
habit, long duration, and delicious perfume, in short, all the 
essentials of floral beauty, seem to be combined in its various 
species. Of these, five or six are already known, of which 
the one now represented, however charming it may be, is, 


perhaps, the least interesting; for it is far surpassed by 
L. grandiflora (the Flor de Corpus of Mechoacan) in the 
magnitude of its flowers, and by L. anceps and some un- 
published species, in the brilliancy of its colours. Being 
found at a considerable elevation they all thrive best in a 
moderate temperature, and require to be high-potted, as by 
that means the roots are more likely to be retained in a 
healthy state, and are better able to withstand the extremes 
of heat and moisture which, even in the most carefully con- 
ducted establishments, will sometimes occur, and which we 
have found excessively injurious to Lelias, Cattleyas, and 
species of some allied genera. In winter they should be 
very sparingly watered, and kept in almost a dormant state. 
-L. autumnalis flowers both in this country and its own, at 
the season which its name implies.” 


In the Garden of the Horticultural Society its cultivation 
is found extremely simple. When plants are received they 
are tied to a block of wood, and kept perfectly dry until 
they begin to send out roots, and manifest other signs of 
growth. They are then freely syringed two or three times 
a day, and this practice is continued until the growing 
season is past. They are then removed to a cooler house 
with a drier atmosphere, in which they are allowed to winter, 
and when this season is over, the above treatment is again 
renewed. 


It is multiplied in the usual way; the front shoots make 
the best plants. 


28 


* TRICHINIUM alopecuroideum. 


Foxtail Trichinium. 


MONADELPHIA PENTANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. AMARANTHACEZ. : 

TRICHINIUM. R. Br. Flores hermaphroditi, tribracteati, Perigo- 
nium 5-phyllum, foliolis linearibus. Stamina 5, basi connata ; filamenta fili- 
formia; anthħeřæ biloculares ; staminodia interjecta nulla. Ovarium uniloculare, 
uniovulatum ; stylus simplex; stigma capitatum. U triculus evalvis monosper- 
mus, perigonii foliolis basi conniventibus, apice patulis, p inclusus. 
Semen lenticulari-reniforme ; testá crustaced. Embryo annularis, periphericus, 
albumen farinaceum cingens ; radiculá centrifugá. Herbe annue v. perennes, 
in Nova Hollandia intra et extra tropicos provenientes ; foliis alternis, flori- 
bus terminalibus capitatis v. spicatis, bracteis scariosis nitentibus. Endl. 
gen. plant. no. 1963. 


T. alopecuroideum ; caule ramoso sulcato glabro, foliis lanceolatis subtüs sca- 
briusculis integris vel denticulatis, spicis cylindraceis elongatis, bracteis ro- 
tundatis, calycibus herbaceis sursum calvis acutis, rachi pilosá, cyatho 
staminum dentato. 

T. alopecuroideum. Lindl. in Mitchell’s Australian expeditions, vol. ii. 


l3 rks 2. 


The singular genus to which this species belongs is ex- 
clusively Australian. Six species only are described by Dr. 
Brown, but many more are known, and their number will 
probably be found considerable. It is remarkable for the 
great quantity of delicate knotted hairs with which the 
densely spiked or capitate flowers are covered. 


That now figured, the first which has been known to 
flower in Europe, was raised from Swan River seeds by 
Robert Mangles, Esq. of Sunning Hill; I possess wild speci- 
mens from the same country, for which I am indebted to 


* rpíxiwoc, composed of hairs, in allusion to the shaggy flowers. 


May, 1839. L 


Captain James Mangles, and to Mr. Toward, gardener to 
H.R.H. the Duchess of Gloucester. It was also met with 
by Major Sir T. L. Mitchell, during his important expedition 
to the Rivers Darling and Murray in the year 1836, and 
was named by me in the note to his account of the proceed- 
ings of his party. 


It is a half-hardy annual, flowering abundantly in the 
open border during the summer, and although not appearing 
very pretty in a plate, is sufficiently striking to deserve 
cultivation, for the surface of its flowers is glossy like those 
of the cockscomb. 


Fig. 1. is a magnified view of a single flower; fig. 2. re- 
presents the cup, stamens and ovary, whose style is clothed 
with straggling hairs, one of which is seen magnified at 
fig. 4.; and fig. 3. exhibits a section of an ovary, with the 
ovule and the funiculus, from whose end it hangs suspended. 


At Swan River are two other species, whose beauty would 
make them most desirable plants to introduce; as neither 
of them are described, 1 beg to name the one after my ex- 
cellent friend Captain James Mangles, R.N. to whom Í am 
indebted for a fine collection of dried New Holland plants, 
and the other after His Excellency Sir James Stirling, who 
has done so much for the introduction of new plants to 
England during his government of the Swan River colony. 


Tr. Manglesii ; caulibus simplicibus ascendentibus sulcatis foliisque spathulatis 
acutis undulatis glabris, capitulis maximis ovatis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis 
acuminatis, sepalis apice erosis et serrulatis calvis basi pilis densissimis lana- 
tis, cyatho staminum integerrimo brevissimo, stylo glabro. Heads three 
inches across. Flowers pink at the tips, silvery at the base. 


Tr. Stirlingii ; caulibus flexuosis ramosis puberulis, foliis lineari-oblongis acutis- 
simis sessilibus, capitulis spheericis subsolitariis, bracteis subrotundis cuspi- 
datis, sepalis truncatis ad apicem usque villosis intus basi lanatis, cyatho 


staminum brevissimo integerrimo. Heads rather less than an inch and a 
half across, silvery, just tinged with pink. 


29 


SALVÍA confertiflora. 
Close-flowered Sage. 


DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. LAMIACEA, or LABIAT4E. 
SALVIA. Bot. Register, vol. 18. fol. 1554. 


$ VIII. CaroseHACE—Zrianthe. Bentham lab. 273. 


S. confertiflora ; caule fruticoso tomentoso, foliis petiolatis ovato-oblongis acu- 
tiusculis crenatis basi cuneatis suprà rugosis subtüs albo-tomentosis, flora- 
libus nanis ovatis acuminatis reflexis v. deciduis, racemis elongatis, verticil- 
lastris densé multifloris, calycibus corollisque fulvosanguineis lanatis his 
dupló tantüm longioribus ; limbi conniventis lobo intermedio integro, con- 
nectivis deflexis dilatatis abbreviatis connatis hinc ciliatis, stylo glabro. 

S. confertiflora. Bentham labiat. 276. 


This Sage is one of the many Brazilian species which de- 
serve introduction to our gardens. It was found near Rio 
Janeiro by Mr. Macrae, while in the service of the Horticul- 
tural Society, and in other parts of the empire by Sellow and 
Pohl. It belongs to a small section of the genus with short 
woolly flowers, the only other species of which, as yet in 
gardens, is the Salvia leucantha of Mexico. 


Its flowers are so bright and numerous as to render the 
plant a conspicuous object during the autumn months, at 
which time it blossoms. Whether or not it is sufficiently 
hardy to live out of doors in the summer is uncertain. 


The figure was taken from a plant presented to the Horti- 
cultural Society by John Dillwyn Llewellyn, Esq. 


The leaves have rather a heavy disagreeable smell of a 
peculiar nature, resembling perhaps a combination of the 
Dead-nettle and Sorrel. 


ies may be cultivated either in a greenhouse, or 


This spec 
n a rich border during the summer months. It 


planted out i 


is however seen in its greatest beauty when grown in a house 
which is intermediate between a greenhouse and stove ;— 
that is, where the temperature in winter and spring is never 
below 55° of Fahr. It delights in a rich soil, composed of 
equal parts of loam and peat, mixed with a portion of manure 


and sand, and will require, when growing luxuriantly, a 
great quantity of water. 


Of all the species of Salvia this is the most easy both to 


cultivate and propagate. If cuttings of the young shoots 
are inserted in sand, they will soon make strong plants. 


30 


* PAONÍA Brownii. 


Douglas Californian Peony. 


POLYANDRIA DI-PENTAGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. RANUNCULACE. 
PZONIA. Botanical Register, vol. |. fol. 42. 


$ OngpIa. 

P. Brownii ; herbacea, carpellis 5 glaberrimis erectis, foliis utrinque glabris bi- 
ternatis, foliolis ternatim divisis pinnatifidisve laciniatis, sepalis subrotundis 
convexis petalis subrotundis coriaceis longioribus. 

P. Brownii. Douglas in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 27. Torrey and Gray Flora 
of North America, 1. 41. 

Petala circiter sex, coriacea, subrotunda, sanguinea, margine lutea, 
sepala breviora. Discus carnosus, elevatus, lobatus,  Folliculi 5, quorum 
pars tantum perfecta, coriacea, rugosa, levia, obovata. Testa seminum 
sicca, nec succulenta. 


This extremely rare and very curious plant was intro- 
duced several years ago by the Horticultural Society, to 
which it was sent by Mr. Douglas. It is a singular instance 
of a genus hitherto exclusively Asiatic or European, appear- 
ing in the New World under a form different from its ordi- 
nary state, and yet as it seems too similar to be separated. 
Since the discovery of this by Douglas, a second species has 
been found in Upper California by Nuttall. The two form 
a section of Pzonia, characterized by short leathery petals, 
a lobed fleshy disk, and a dry not succulent seed coat. 


Douglas found it near the limits of perpetual snow, on 
the subalpine range of Mount Hood in North West America ; 
according to Torrey and Gray it was met with by Nuttall 


* See Botanical Register, fol. 1208. 
June, 1839. M 


east of the Blue Mountains of Oregon, not in subalpine 
situations. 


It is a hardy perennial, with tuberous roots like those of 
the common Peony, but much smaller; it grows little more 
than a foot high, and flowers about the middle of May. It 
may be increased like the other Ponies, either by seeds or 
by division of the roots. 


It seems rather difficult to keep, for the old roots sent 
home by Douglas, as well as all the young ones raised from 
seeds and given away by the Horticultural Society, have 
died, the only plant now alive being that in the Society's 
Garden, where it grows vigorously, planted in a mixture of 
silver sand, peat, and a small portion of loam, more than 
one-half of the whole mixture being sand. It is kept in a 
north aspect, where the sun only shines on the plant a few 
hours during the middle of the day in summer, and not at all 
in winter, and where the temperature is not subject to very 
great variation during summer. The plants which perished 
died chiefly during the hotter part of summer and autumn, 
when fully exposed to the sun. It seems necessary that they 
should be covered in winter with a hand glass to keep the 
roots rather dry. 


31 


LUPINUS Hartwegil. 


Mr. Hartweg’s Lupine. 


DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. LEcuMINOsz, $ PAPILIONACER. 
LUPINUS. Bot. Reg. vol. 6. fol. 457. 


L. Hartwegii; annuus pilosus, stipulis setaceis, foliolis 7-9 oblongis obtusis, 
racemo elongato multifloro, bracteis setaceis plumosis floribus inapertis 
duplo longioribus, bracteolis calycis setaceis longissimis, carinà imberbi. 
Caulis 2-pedalis, erectus, pilis longis vestitus. Folia etiam pilosissima, 

laxé tamen nec densé. Bractee citissime decidue, more L. plumosi longis- 

sime. Flores cerulei, vexillo medio roseo ; cariná imberli. 


This very fine plant differs from Z. plumosus not only in 
its annual duration and brilliant blue flowers, but also in its 
obtuse green leaves and much longer hairs. It was sent to 
the Horticultural Society by Mr. Hartweg, after whom it is 
named, and it has since been extensively distributed among 
the Fellows of the Society. 


It was found growing in corn-fields, and appears to be 
different from all the Mexican species described by Schlech- 
tendahl in the Linnza. 


It is a very fine half-hardy annual, growing from two to 
three feet high, and flowering freely from the end of June 
until destroyed by frost in the autumn, if planted in any 
good rich soil. 


The seeds should be sown in pots about the beginning of 
April, and placed in the greenhouse for a few days until the 
plants come up, when they should be removed to a cold pit 
or frame, and when large enough should be potted into ` 


small pots, putting four plants into each pot, and finally they 
should be planted out, when the danger of the May frosts is 


over; a little frost destroys them when young, but not when 
old in the autumn. 


ERE. A 
Mis UY take ae” 7 Rik 


y 


wi, 164 Focceolitly Sume 189 
4 ; 


RR 
~ 
E 
= 
ES 


32 


PHILADELPHÚS Gordonianus. 
Gordon's Philadelphus. 


ICOSANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. . 


Nat. ord. PHILADELPHACER. 
PHILADELPHUS.' Botanical Register, vol. 7. fol. 570. 


P. Gordonianus ; ramis pendulis testaceis, ramulis pubescentibus, foliis ovatis 
acutis grossé dentatis subtüs pilosis, racemis compactis 5-9-floris terminali- 
bus, ovario semisupero, stylo 4-partito, calycibus fructus patentissimis. 

P. Gordonianus. Bot. Reg. 1838, misc. no. 23. 


A hardy shrub found by Mr. Douglas on the banks of 
the Columbia River, where it forms part of the underwood. 
It was raised many years since by the Horticultural Society, 
and has been extensively distributed. It is the latest species 
that flowers, grows from eight to ten feet high, and has 
almost a weeping appearance in consequence of producing 
numerous slender side shoots. 


The leaves are bright green, rather small, ovate, pointed, 
3-nerved at the base, and coarsely serrated. The flowers 
are large, pure white, in close bunches of from five to nine, 
are nearly scentless, and are produced in such great pro- 
fusion that this is one of the handsomest of hardy deciduous 
shrubs. The fruit is large, smooth, with the lobes of the 

calyx broad and nearly horizontal. 


It is readily known by its small deeply serrated leaves, 
its nearly superior fruit, its broad spreading calyx, and by 
the compact manner in which its flowers are arranged. 


It is a very showy shrub, growing in any soil, and very 
hardy, not having been at all injured by the severe winter 
of 1837-8. It flowers about the end of July, and may be 
increased from seeds or by cutting off the half-ripened shoots 
about August, when they strike as freely as the common 


Willow. This is the latest of all the species in flower, and 
the most showy. 


It has been named in compliment to Mr. George Gordon, 
who has the charge of the Hardy department in the Garden 
of the Horticultural Society, and who has paid particular 
attention to the difficult genus of which this forms a part. 


| 
l 
l 


P 
| 
| 
| 
| 


33 


* ASAGR/EÁ officinalis. 


| Spike-flowered Asagrea. 


HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. MELANTHACER. 

ASAGRZ:A. Flores polygami, racemosi, nudi. Perianthium 6-partitum, 
foliolis linearibus aveniis subaequalibus, basi excavatis nectarifluis, staminibus 
eequalibus. Stamina alterné breviora ; antheris cordatis, quasi unilocularibus, 
post dehiscentiam clypeolatis. Ovaria 3, simplicissima, in stigma obscurum at- 
tenuata. — Folliculi tres; acuminati, chartacel; seminibus acinaciformibus, cor- 
rugatis, alatis, Herbs bulbose, foliis gramineis, floribus parvis, pallidis, 
dens? racemosis. 


ASAGR&a officinalis. 

Veratrum officinale. Schlecht. in Linnea, vi. 45. 

Helonias officinalis. Don. in Edinb. new phil. journ. Oct. 1832. p. 234. 
Lindl. fl. med. 586. 


Herba bulbosa, foliis gramineis, subcarinatis, viridibus, margine aspe- 
riusculis, scapi 4-5-pedalis longitudine. Scapus teres. Racemus semipe- 
dalis, densissima, stricta, spiceformis. Flores albi, basi bracted rotundatá 
suffulti. Anthere lutee, basi cordate, bivalves, uniloculares, demim cly- 
peatim peltate (loculis binis apice confluentibus). 


This half-hardy bulbous plant was received by the Horti- 
cultural Society from Mr. Hartweg, who found it in Mexico, 
in the neighbourhood of Vera Cruz, where it was called 
Sabadilla. It is no doubt the plant found by Deppe and 
Schiede on the eastern side of the Mexican Andes, near 
Barranca de Tioselo, by the Hacienda dela Laguna, in rocky 
places, and is probably that from which the Sabadilla seeds 
of commerce are, at least in part, procured. 


It is however neither a Veratrum as Schlechtendahl sup- 


* In compliment to Dr. Asa Gray, the author of a treatise upon North 
American Melanthacez, and, in conjunction with Dr. Torrey, of the Flora of 
North America, now publishing. 

Ld 


posed, nor a Helonias as Professor Don has imagined, but a 
quite distinct genus of Melanthacez, differing from both 
those genera and from all others with which it is necessary 
to compare it, in the segments of the perianthium having a 
nectarifluous excavation at the base. Independently of this 
it differs from Helonias and Xerophyllum in having clypeo- 
late anthers, from Amianthium in its short stamens, and 
from Scheenocaulon in its whole habit. 


In cultivation it is a half-hardy bulb, growing about 
four or five feet high in any strong rich soil, and flowering 
in September or October. It requires the same treatment as 
Tigridia pavonia. 


Fig. 1. is a flower magnified; 2. one of the sepals ; 
-3. 4. different views of the anther; 5. the ovary; 6. a ripe 
fruit; 7. a seed. 


ds 


N; 


Acorde bly 


Gf. 


o E A ral gar Ch 16 7 


Gh 


Drake del 


A 6 
Aus & 


34 


* BESSERA elegans. 
Elegant Bessera. 


MONADELPHIA HEXANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. LILIACER,. 

BESSERA. Schultes fil. Umbella. Perianthium pendulum, campanu- 
latum, hexapetaloideum, zquale. Stamina basi in urceolum epipetalum con- 
nata, zequalia, regularia, exserta. Ovarium sessile, loculis polyspermis ; ovulis 


ascendentibus ; stigma obsoleté trilobum, pubescens. [Capsula erecta, perian- 


thio stipata, septicido-trivalvis. Semina compressa, testa membranaceá atrá. ] 


B. elegans ; urceolo stamineo inter stamina unidentato, filamentis pubescentibus 
styli longitudine. 


This charming plant was originally found by Count 
Karwinsky at Saltepec in Mexico; 1t was first sent to this 
country by John Parkinson, Esq. H. B. M.'s Consul in 
Mexico, and from a specimen in the possession of John 
Rogers, Esq. Jun. of Sevenoaks, the accompanying drawing 
was made. Recently a large packet of what is believed to 
be it has been received by the Horticultural Society from 


Mr. Hartweg. 

A second species has already been published by Mr. Her- 
bert in this work in the year 1832, under the name of Pharium 
fistulosum (fol. 1546), but the latter generic name must give 
way to that of Bessera, which dates from January, 1829. 
Mr. Herbert’s species apparently differs not only in the 
colour of the flowers, but in having the staminal cup un- 
toothed, the filaments smooth, and the style longer than the 


stamens. 


I did not see the leaves of this species ; 
scribes them to me as two, two feet long, cy 


Mr. Rogers de- 


lindrical with a 


* So named after Dr. Besser, Professor of Botany at Brody, and author of 
an enumeration of the plants Volhynia, Podolia, Sc. 


June, 1839. N 


furrow on one side, deep green not glaucous, and about 
twice as thick as the scape, which is two feet high. He also 
states, that when first the anthers burst the pollen is bluish 
grey, but it becomes yellow after a day or so exposure to 
light and air; and the pollen of the first flowers was darker 
than that of the later ones. The first flower expanded 
September 12th, and it was still in beauty in October. The 
bulb is tunicated, obconical, and about the size of a Crocus. 


Little is as yet known of the habits or cultivation of the 
plant. Although perhaps hardy it is more advisable that 
it should be grown in pots in the greenhouse, or planted out 
in a conservatory. If planted out in a cold pit or frame, it 
should be well protected in severe weather. If it ripens its 
seeds, they ought to be sown in light soil, and in order that 
they may germinate more readily they may be plunged in 
bottom heat, in a frame that is nearly exhausted. As the 
first year’s bulbs will be small they ought not to be dis- 
turbed in the seed pot, and should be kept perfectly dry 
after the growing season is past. As soon as they are pretty 
strong, they may be potted off in a mixture of peat and sand, 
and then the only thing to be attended to will be to give 
them a free supply of water while growing, and to keep them 


perfectly dry and cool when the leaves wither and drop off, 
until the next season. 


VD Í 
y 160 Y “Wceciclibly fF ona, Z 1339 o UU voley AC 


35 


v u 


ERIA ferruginea. 
Rusty Eria. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACEÆ, Y MALAXIDEZ£. 
ERIA. Botanical Register, vol. 11. fol. 904. 


kd 
E. ferruginea ; caulibus teretibus articulatis vaginatis, foliis oblongis obtusis, 
racemo erecto laterali multifloro basi squamato, bracteis ovatis acutis ovario 
villosissimo brevioribus, labelli lobis lateralibus erectis truncatis intermedio 
ovato serrato subplicato : disci cristis 4 dentatis intermediis carnosis incurvis. 


This very distinct species him E cuin from Calcutta 
by Messrs. Loddiges, and flowere at' Hackney in March, 
1838. I have no information as to the ¿part of India which 


it inhabits. 


It is not handsome, but it is very distinct, has a particu- 
larly deep green foliage, and the smooth delicate pink petals 
form a striking contrast with the coarse green shaggy sepals. 
The lip (fig. 1.) is most singularly crested, and looks more 
like the edge of some cowrie shell than the petal of a flower. 


lt is propagated like all other orchidaceous plants, 
namely, by divisions of the rhizoma. The soil used in its 
cultivation is turfy peat, well mixed with broken bricks ; 
and the pot should have plenty of drainage. Its treatment 
generally is similar to that which has been frequently re- 
commended for plants of this description. The house in 
which it is grown must be well shaded from bright sun- 


shine in summer. 


by, Dacia. dc 


? 


Oo 


nau. 


PA 


2 


s Uy C 


A 
CCE 


Z 


Y 


A y tig va 


36 


CYNOGLOSSUM colestinum. 


Blue and White Hounds-tongue. 


PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. BORAGINACEZ. 

CYNOGLOSSUM, Linn. Calyz 5-partitus. Corolla hypogyna, in- 
fundibuliformis, fauce fornicibus 5 clausá, limbi quinquefidi laciniis obtusis. Ova- 
rium 4-lobum. Stylus simplex. Stigma subcapitatum. Nuces 4, distincte, 
depresse, echinatee, umbilico dorsali styli basi pyramidate inserte. Herb 
in extratropicis, primis hemisphere borealis obvie ; racemis scepiüs ebractea- 
tis, nunc bracteatis, bracteis interdum foliiformibus. Endlich. gen. 650. 


C. celestinum ; pubescens, foliis caulinis ovatis acutis basi cuneatis radicalibus 
cordatis ovatis longè petiolatis, racemis ebracteatis, calycis laciniis tubum 
corollee equantibus, nucibus marginatis: basi et margine (et interdum linea 
dorsali) glochidiatis. 


_ Herba. perennis, 13-2-pedalis, pubescens, subscaber, maleolens. Folia 
radicalia cordata, ovata, suprà callis subepidermoidalibus scabra; caulina 
ovato-oblonga, acuta, basi cuneata, nullo modo amplexicaulia. Racemi 
sepiüs bisbifidi, ebracteati, flore solitario subsessili in dichotomiis. Calyx 
pubescens, laciniis obtusiusculis tubi corolle longitudine. Corolla cyanea, 
margine alba; laciniis undulatis obtusis, dorso pallidis. Nuces membrana- 
ceo-marginate ; cavitate dorsali glabrá v. glochidibus quibusdam minutis 
e aut lineatis conspersá ; margine lateribusque glochidibus majoribus 
obsitis. 


This plant is a hardy biennial, and probably inhabits 
some part of the North of India, though it does not appear 
in the collections of either Dr. Royle or Dr. Wallich. 1t 
was raised by the Horticultural Society from seeds presented 
by John Nimmo, Esq. of Bombay, and flowered for the first 
time in August, 1838. It is a very pretty species, but its 
smell is heavy and unpleasant. 


It differs from C. uncinatum in its fruit, and in the leaves 
not being at all acpminate ; from C. microglochin, longiflorum, 
and grandiflorum in the cauline leaves not being rounded at 


July, 1839. o 


the base; and from C. glochidiatum in its smaller flowers, 


and much less hairy, as well as broader and more cordate 
leaves. 


The seeds should be sown at two different seasons, the 
first about the beginning of June, the second about a month 
later. The plants should be treated in the same manner as 
the common Giant or Brompton Stocks, part of them being 
placed where they are to remain, and the rest being potted 
for protection in a cold pit or frame during the winter. 


Qa 


Hite 


SS 


MEN) 
K ~ 4 


ao 


27 G. Patetley. 


Putty E Ridgway 107 Viccadilly, July 7: 


7 
Hoe 9 unc te" 


LW Ae 


97 


DENDROBIUM Jenkinsi. 
Captain Jenkins's Dendrobium. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. OrcHiDACEZ, $ MALAXIDEZ. 
DENDROBIUM. Botanical Register, vol. 7. fol. 548. 


D. Jenkinsii ; pseudobulbis aggregatis oblongis tetragonis monophyllis, foliis 
oblongis coriaceis marginatis retusis, pedunculis subradicalibus unifloris vel 
racemosis, sepalis ovatis obtusis petalis multó minoribus, labello cucullato 
rotundato basi parüm producto limbo dilatato serrato villoso emarginato. 

D. Jenkinsii. Wallich. in litt. 


This pretty plant has been sent by Dr. Wallich to many 
persons in this country, and is now by no means uncommon, 
The accompanying drawing was made in September, 1838, 
from a plant in the possession of Messrs. Loddiges, and I 
have since received it from other places. To Sir Charles 
Lemon I am indebted for the following account of the species 
from the pen of Dr. Wallich. 


** This elegant little Orchidaceous plant grows in large 
tufts on trees. The pseudo-bulbs are densely aggregated 
on a creeping rhizoma, oblong, marked with one or two 
rings and vestiges of sheaths, about an inch long, each 
bearing an oblong, shining, coriaceous, obtuse, sometimes 
slightly retuse, sessile leaf, about 14 inch long, sometimes a 
little longer. Flowers spreading, large, yellow, inodorous, 
on long and slender peduncles, geminate from the side of 
the pseudo-bulb on a very short cylindric common peduncle, 
having a few scales at its base. Partial peduncles filiform, 
two or three inches long. Sepals and petals obtuse; the 
latter broadest, oval. Lip very large, reniform, retuse, 
slightly pubescent and ciliate, measuring nearly an inch 
across, almost sessile, a little channelled at the base, other- 


wise spreading flat. 


**[ received the plant from Capt. Jenkins in November, 
1836. He had obtained it at Gualpara. It flowered finely 
at this garden in the middle of March following. ] have 
since had abundant supplies from the same liberal and 
indefatigable source. 


“I am very happy in dedicating this very distinct species 
to my valued friend Capt. Jenkins, to whom this garden, the 
cause of botany, and science generally, are deeply indebted. 


“The flowers are larger than those of D. aggregatum of 
Roxburgh, to which it bears a slight resemblance.” 


The species shews in a striking manner the impropriety 
of generically separating the pseudo-bulbous Dendrobia from 
those with slender stems, notwithstanding the dissimilarity 
in their appearance. Here we have a plant with the pseudo- 
bulbs consisting, in the majority of instances, of a single 
internode, hardened, become four-cornered, and as dissimilar 
as possible from the same part of the stem of Dendrobium 
Pierardi; but in D. aggregatum, figured in this work, 
t. 1695, several internodes (3) together constitute a body 
altogether intermediate in nature between a pseudo-bulb 
and ordinary stem, and similar transitions from one to the 
other occur in D. densiflorum, fol. 1828, and D.Griffithianum, 
all which are so nearly allied to each other that a person 
unacquainted with all of them may possibly mistake one 
for the other. To prevent this the following distinctions in 
the labellum will be found certain. 


D. Jenkinsi.  Labellum broader than long, repand, 
slightly two-lobed, shaggy, serrated: 


D. aggregatum. Labellum broader than long, scarcely 
wavy, undivided, downy only near the base. 


D. densiflorum. Labellum cordate, repand, two-lobed, 
reflexed at the point, serrated. 


D. Griffithianum. — Labellum ovate, slightly hastate, 
serrated, downy, except near the edges. 


This species is more difficult to cultivate than those 
kinds with long free-growing stems. It is frequently seen 
in an unhealthy state, owing to its being grown in a pot, 
and subjected to a uniform high degree of temperature. 
The best way to insure its success, is, to tie it to a block of 
wood with a piece of turfy peat attached to it, and suspend 
it from the rafter of the house. There it must be well 
syringed at least twice a day, so long as it continues to grow, 
and afterwards it may be removed to a cooler house. In 
fact it never requires so much heat as those species with 
long trailing stems. 


It is propagated in the usual way. 


BS 


38 


LILIUM Thunbergianum. 
Thunberg's Orange Lily. 


HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. LILIACER. 
LILIUM. Botanical Register, vol. 2. fol. 132, 


L. Thunbergianum ; caule superné villoso, foliis ovato-lanceolatis inferioribus 
alternis superioribus verticillatis, floribus terminalibus erectis, perianthii la- 
ciniis sessilibus patentibus apice revolutis intus glabris staminibus multo 
longioribus. 

L. Thunbergianum. Römer $ Schultes syst. veg. vi. 415. 

L. bulbiferum. Thunb. in act. soc. Linn. Lond. II. 333. 

L. philadelphicum. Id. fl. jap. 135. 


This noble Lily was drawn in the nursery of Messrs, 
Rollissons, in June 1838, and is one of those introduced to 
Europe from Japan, by Dr. Siebold. It was originally 
found by Thunberg, who first referred it to L. philadelphi- 
cum, although its sepals and petals are sessile, and subse- 
quently to L. bulbiferum, although it has no bulbs, and is 
also destitute of the papille which render the inside of the 
flower of that species scabrous. It is doubtless a distinct 
species. 

In the volume of this work for 1837, fol. 2000, another 
fine species is figured; and in the same place will be found 
a short account of the other Lilies natives of the same country. 
Since that time I have received Siebold’s beautiful Flora 
Japonica, in which L. speciosum and a variety are figured, 
with the following remarks, which the rarity of that work in 
England will justify my producing at second hand. 


« Among more than 20 kinds of Lily brought by me 


from Japan to Europe, and deposited in the Botanic Garden 


at Ghent, are the varieties of L. speciosum now represented. 
To that with flowers rose-coloured, blotched with purple, I 


give the name of L. speciosum Kempferi, because it was the 
indefatigable botanist Keempfer who first made it known to 
Europeans. For the second, with pure white flowers, I pre- 
serve the Japanese name Tametomo, which it bears in its own 
country, in consequence of having been first brought by that 
hero from the Loo choo islands, as the Japanese assert. The 
beauty and fragrance of the flowers of these two kinds rank 
them among the most magnificent of their genus; I should 
even say that L. speciosum Kempferi stood at the head of 
them all, if a variety of Lilium longiflorum, which I have 
seen in Japan, with flowers often 8 or 10 inches long, did 
not dispute the palm, on account of its sweetness. 


** L. speciosum Kempferi is cultivated all over Japan as 
an ornamental plant. Its true country is probably China, or 
rather Korai, if we may judge from its name Korai-juri, or 
Korai-lily. It flowers in May and June; in the Botanic 
Garden at Ghent, it did not flower in 1832 (the first time in 
Europe) till August. Like other kinds of Lily it is freely 
propagated by scales; it does not however bear bulbs in the 
axils of the leaves. It succeeds very well in a cold green- 
house, and even in the open air, if protected.” 


“ The variety Tametomo, although it has pleased some 
Botanists to make a peculiar species of it, under the name of 
L. eximium, differs, nevertheless, only in its flowers being 
quite white, and the leaves rather more distinctly stalked. 
According to some of the Japanese botanists it is found wild, 
not only in the Loo choo islands, but also in: the north of 
Japan ; but it has, perhaps, been confounded with L. japoni- 


m which is often wild in those countries."— Flora Japonica, 
. 33. 


I presume the Lilies called by the Belgians Z. Lebrous- 
sardi and L. punctatum, are both varieties of L. speciosum. 


In cultivation this is a handsome frame or half-hardy 
bulb, growing about three feet high, and flowering from the 
beginning of July to the end of September, according to the 
manner in which it is treated. The bulbs should be fresh 
potted or planted in a pit, well protected from wet, late in 
the autumn, or very early in the spring, in a mixture of 


sandy-peat, loam, and a small portion of well-rotted dung or 
leaf mould. 


“hg Cr a nd RTA å 


The soil in the pots or pit in which the fresh bulbs are 
planted, should be kept dry until they begin to grow, when 
water should be given, but rather sparingly at first, as there 
is more damage done to fresh imported or fresh potted bulbs 
by over watering, or keeping them damp during winter, or 


while they are in a dormant state, than by all other causes 
taken together. 


The plant may be increased freely from every scale which 
the old bulb is composed of. These if separated, potted in 
sand, and placed in a gentle heat, will soon make plants, but 
they will not flower for two or three years. 


* 


ag 


39 


PHILADELPHUS laxus. 


Go Ane OWA 


Weak-branched Syringa. 


ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. PHILADELPHACEZR. 
PHILADELPHUS. Botanical Register, vol. 7. fol. 570. 


P. laxus ; ramis debilibus pendulis atrofuscis, folis ovatis acuminatis pilosiuscu- 
lis acuté dentatis basi cuneatis supremis linearibus integerrimis, floribus 
subsolitariis, stylo 4-partito staminibus longiore, calycis laciniis fructu 
elongatis patentissimis. 

P. laxus. Schrad. in DC. prodr. ii. 206. Loudon Arboret. Brit. 2. 954. ic. 

? P. grandiflorus. Elliott Fl. South Carolin. 1. 538. : 


Whatever may be thought of some of the supposed 
species of Philadelphus now cultivated in gardens, there can 
be no doubt, 1 should think, of this being quite distinct from 
all others. It is occasionally received from North America, 
in a live state, and yet there is no certain trace of the plant 
in the writings of North American Botanists. 


It is a hardy shrub, like all the rest of the genus, but less 
hardy than most others, wherefore it may be supposed to be 
a native of the Southern States of the American Diib: but 
upon turning to Elliotts Flora of Carolina, where some 
information concerning it may be expected, it turns out that 
only P. inodorus and grandiflorus are mentioned by that 
author. It is, however, possible that P. larus is what is 
meant by the latter name ; and if so, the species *' grows 
along the margins of rivers in the upper part of Georgia and 
Carolina ; common near Columbia.” 


The leaves are smaller than is usual in the genus, very 
sharp-pointed, with the toothings unusually sharp; the 
uppermost leaves become gradually narrower, till those im- 

uly, 1839. P 


mediately below the flowers are, not unfrequently, linear 
and entire; their upper surface is bright green, with a few 
fine hairs, the under is much more closely covered. The 


flowers are white, most commonly solitary, and almost desti- 
tute of smell. 


The species forms a straggling bush, not more than five 
feet high, but covering double that space upon the ground 
with its long slender deep-brown shoots. As it leafs early 
the young shoots are apt to be killed by frost, and if this 
takes place there will be no flowers, because it is from the 


ends of the lateral shoots that blossoms always appear in this 
genus. 


aid oni et LL Be d 


cst ED 


28 (ON 
7A . : lares : T C | \ VA 
Mioi Dickies del! Vitel E Peor 169 Vccadilty, Kety 1 1839. G. lbarclay’ so 


40 


CROCUS speciosus. 
Showy Autumn Crocus. 


TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. IRIDACER. 
CROCUS. Botanical Register, vol. 17. fol. 1416. 


C. speciosus ; foliis hysteránthiis, vagina radicali subbiflorá, perianthii ventricosi 
obovati laciniis omnibus penicillatis, stylo erecto antheris longiore, stigma- 
tibus linearibus multifidis, cormi tunicis lentis levibus. 

C. speciosus. Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 2752. Host. Fl. austr.1.43. Baumgart. 


enum. Transylv. 1. 60. 


This beautiful autumn Crocus is one of those neglected 
flowers which ought to abound in every select garden. 
It blossoms in October, is quite hardy, and can scarcely be 
said to require cultivation. It was communicated for this 
work from the nursery of Messrs. Osborn and Co. of Fulham, 


who have it for sale. 


According to Mr. Wilson it is naturalized in a meadow 
near Warrington, where it flowers in September; and in 
the opinion of this Botanist it is only distinguishable from 
C. nudiflorus by its long style. 


In English Botany it is referred to the C. speciosus of 
Bieberstein, upon the authority of Sir Wm. Hooker. If this 
is correctly done, the species will inhabit the woods of the 
Crimea, under trees, and the grassy hills of the Eastern 
Caucasus; and I do not perceive any thing in the short 
account given by Bieberstein at variance with this plant. 
But as 1 find the opinion of Mr. Herbert, who has studied 
the genus with care, opposed to this conclusion, I forbear to 
quote any synonyms beyond those concerning which there 


is no doubt. 


It is certainly a native of most of the forests and 
orchards of Transylvania, whence I have a wild specimen, 
named C. nudiflorus, collected by Dr. Baumgarten himself; 
according to Host it was found by the late Dr. Sadler on 
the outskirts of woods in various parts of Hungary. 


Mr. Strangways saw it cultivated at Naples, under the 
name of Crocus speciosus. 


41 


* INGA Harrisii. 


Mr. Harris's Inga. 


POLYGAMIA POYANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. Lecuminos®, $ Mimosea. 
INGA. Botanical Register, vol. 2. fol. 129. 


I. Harrisii ; (Hymenzodea) scandens, inermis, foliis conjugato-pinnatis pilosis, 

innis bijugis, foliolo interiore jugi inferioris deficiente ceteris obovato-ob- 

Logis obliquis subcordatis, pedunculis solitariis petiolorum longitudine, 
floribus capitatis. 


Frutex scandens, viridis, pilosus. ^ Petioli semipollicares, pedunculis 
paulo breviores. Foliola subequalia, fere 2-pollicaria. Capitula subviginti- 
Hora. Calyx obconicus, albus, laciniis viridibus, rotundatis, convexis, glan- 
dulosis. Corolla monopetala, turbinata, rosea, viridi limbata, laciniis rotun- 
datis glabris. Stamina ultra corollam monadelpha; filamentis pollicem 
longis basi albis ultra medium purpureis. 


A pretty climbing shrub, imported from Mexico by 
Thomas Harris, Esq. of Kingsbury, a most zealous collector 
of rare plants, in compliment to whom it is named. 


It seems distinct from all the published species of this 
large genus ; approaching Inga canescens in character, but 
with much larger leaves, shorter peduncles, and smaller 
flowers. The crimson silken tassels of stamens are very 
graceful and pretty. 


The drawing was made in Mr. Harris's collection in 
February last. 
Like many Mexican plants, this species grows best in a 


house where the temperature is a little higher than in a 
common greenhouse. It delights in a rich fresh soil, which 


* This name first appears in the work of Marcgraaf upon Brazilian plants, 
and ap to be the vernacular appellation of certain species of the genus to 
which it is now applied. 


August, 1839. Q 


may be formed with a mixture of good loam and peat, and 
about one-fourth of pure sand. 


The best time to strike cuttings is when it begins to grow 


vigorously. All that is requisite is to insert them in silver- 
sand, and to cover them with a bell-elass. : 


D 


( 4 E Ware tag n7 
Vi 4 Le 169 Licoallill y A m PA / SIG Y 
Medd Drake del” Ved by A Bagues 16g 


42 


ONCIDIUM pulvinatum. 
The Cushion Oncidium. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACEE, $ VANDE&. 
ONCIDIUM. Swartz. 


O. pulvinatum ; paniculá ramosissimá divaricatá, sepalis obovatis lateralibus 
liberis, petalis conformibus acutis, labelli lobis subequalibus intermedio bi- 
lobo undulato lateralibus crenatis rotundatis crispis, disco pulvinato villosis- 
simo, columnz alis rotundatis. Bot. Reg. 1838. misc. no. 115. 
Panicula ramosissima, intricata, glabra, 8-9-pedes longa; axi percur- 

rente rectiusculo penne corvina crassitudine, ramis simplicibus ramosisque 

divaricatis geniculatim flexuosis, internodiis pollicaribus bracteis refractis 
membranaceis acutis pluries longioribus. Flores O. divaricati simillimi, 
lutei in medio sanguineo guttati. 


One of the largest of the Oncidia, vieing with O. altissi- 
mum in stature, its panicle being 8 or 9 feet long, of which 
one of the smaller branches only is represented in the accom- 
panying plate, and resembling O. divaricatum in the struc- 
ture, colour, and size of its flower. It however differs from 
that species in its lip having the middle lobe largest, not 
smallest ; and in the cushion at its base being much more 
villous and equally convex, not divided into equal quarters. 
The lateral lobes of the lip are also crisp in this species, not 
plain, as in O. divaricatum. 


In the specimen before me there is one central axis, in 
the middle, about as thick as a crow’s quill, gently wavy, 
and so weak as to be unable to support its flowers without 
the assistance of neighbouring objects. At regular distances 
from this proceed the branches, which are either simple or 
themselves branched, and zigzag in a.remarkable manner; 
the whole forming an entangled mass of inflorescence. 


It is a native of Rio Janeiro, whence it was sent to Mr. 


A A P RIS 


Richard Harrison, of Aighburgh, in the year 1834, by his 
brother, Mr. William Harrison. 


The treatment frequently recommended for orchidaceous 
plants of this kind, will be found to suit the present. Like 
the greater number of species in the extensive genus to 
which it belongs, it succeeds best if hung up in a basket, 
or tied to a block of wood, and suspended from the rafters of 
the stove. The only things to be noticed in this system of 
cultivation, is, first to tie some good turfy peat to the block 
along with the plant; and secondly, to syringe freely, as 
the plants are apt to get too dry. 


43 


GOMPHOLOBIUM versicolor. 


Changeable Gompholobium. 


DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. Ord. LEcuMINosz; PAPILIONACER, 
GOMPHOLOBIUM. Supra vol. 6. fol. 484. 


G. versicolor ; caule erecto, foliis breviter petiolatis trifoliolatis : foliolis linearibus 
mucronatis glabris margine revolutis, racemo laxo paucifloro, calycis laciniis 
oblongo-linearibus cuspidatis extüs glabris intüs pubescentibus, carina 
glabrá. Supra miscell. no. 62. : 


Suffrutex debilis, glaber, ramis subangulatis flexuosis. Folia trifolio- 
lata, petiolo stipulis setaceis æquali vel breviore; foliolis linearibus, mucro- 
natis, margine revolutis, omninò aveniis et uniformibus. Racemi terminales, 
2-3-flori, pedunculis capillaribus flexuosis subangulatis clavatis ; bracteole 
setacee, distantes. Calyx extus glaber, intüs lined tomentosá intramarginali 
circumdatus ; laciniis oblongis mucronatis subequalibus. Flores fusco-san- 
guinei, etate pallescentes ; vexillo reniformi, undulato, alis dupló longiore, 
valdé transverso, bilobo: lobis imbricatis. Stamina equalia, glabra. 


This little Swan-river, and therefore Greenhouse, shrub, 
with pretty brownish crimson flowers, becoming paler after a 
short expansion, was introduced by Robert Mangles, Esq. of 
Sunning Hill, to whom I am obliged for the accompanying 
figure. | : 


There are three species of Gompholobium, with this 
habit, very much like each other, and difficult to distinguish, 
if indeed they are distinct. One of them is the G. tenue of this 
work, fol. 1615, with yellow flowers; it has in a wild state 
the petioles longer than the stipules, and the peduncles seem 
to be usually one-flowered. The second is G. sparsum of 
Mr. Allan Cunningham, found by that zealous botanist at 
King George’s Sound ; it has the dark flowers of G. versicolor, 
and its short petioles; but its branches are more angular, 
the leaves are distinctly veiny on the upper side, and those 
near the bottom of the branches are much shorter and broader 
than the others. The third isthe G. versicolor, which differs 


from G. tenue in its short petioles, and subracemose dark 
flowers ; and from G. sparsum in the leaflets not being at all 
veiny, and all equal sized. 


This species strikes readily from cuttings, either in 
autumn or in spring, if they are put into a pot of sand and 
covered with a bell-glass. The soil most congenial to its 
growth is peat and sand, with about one-fourth of good loam. 
When the plant is young its top should be taken off, it will 
then send out several lateral shoots, and by topping some of 
these, it will soon form a handsome bush. It is as easily 
cultivated as the more common G. polymorphum. Of course 
it requires the protection of the greenhouse. 


y 

A 

ite 

sed 
3 

7 

3 

E. 


44 


BURLINGTONÍA maculata. 


Spotted Burlingtonia. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA, 


Nat. ord. ORcuipACEX, $ VANDEZ. 
BURLINGTONIA. Botanical Register, vol. 23. fol. 1927. . 


B. maculata ; racemis pendulis, sepalo anteriore emarginato : supremo sepalisque 
ovato-oblongis. undulatis acutis, lamellis labelli cristatis dentatis, labello 
bilobo undulato denticulato versus unguem lacero, foliis lineari-lanceolatis. 


Pseudobulbi ovales compressi monophylli basi aphylli; foliis lineari-lan- 
ceolatis striatis rectis. Pedunculi penduli, racemosi, foliorum longitudine; 
bracteis ovario dimidio brevioribus. Flores odorati, lutei, cinnamomeo colore 
maculati, in genere parvi ; labellum ceteris longius, basi album, lamellis 
3 inequaliter dentatis carnosis parallelis antice abrupté truncatis. Columna 
ungue labelli brevior eique appressa, clavata, semiteres, apice utrinque 
bicornis sanguinea. 


A sweet-scented epiphyte, obtained from Brazil by Messrs. 
Loddiges, with whom it flowered in May, 1838. It is very 
distinct from all the species of this genus previously known, 
and is, I hope, an omen of there being many more yet to dis- 
cover. It confirms the generic character originally given, 
and removes all doubt about the distinctness of Burlingtonia 


from Rodriguezia. 


In cultivating this plant, it should be tied to a block of 
wood and suspended from the rafters of the orchidaceous 
house. If a little piece of turfy peat is tied to the block 
along with it, it is of considerable service in keeping the 
roots moist. In the growing season it will require to be 
syringed freely two or three times every day, and shaded 
from bright sunshine. When it is not growing, water must 


be given very sparingly. 
If this treatment is practised it will flower freely. 


Fig. 1. is a view of the two connate anterior sepals ; 2. is 
the column and lip, shewing the lamelle and lacerated 
margin of the latter, together with the crimson teeth at the 
apex of the column; 3. are the caudicula, gland, and pollen 
masses; one of the latter being divided across to shew that 
it is really a plate rolled up. 


TIOS Id 


45 


SENECIO populifolius ; var. lacteus. 
Milk-white Poplar-leaved Senecio. 


SES eto 
 SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. 


Nat. ord. ASTERACEZ, or COMPOSITÆ. 
SENECIO. Linn. 


S. populifolius ; fruticosus foliis petiolatis cordatis ovatis acutis denticulatis 
suprà adultis glaberrimis subtüs ramisque cano-tomentosis, capitulis corym- 
bosis glabris, pedicellis tenuissimé bracteolatis, involucri squamis 12-15, 
ligulis circiter 10. DeCand. prodr. vi. 409, 

Cacalia appendiculata, Linn. f. suppl. 352. Willd. sp. pl. 3. 1729. 

Cineraria populifolia, D Herit. sert. angl. 26. 

Cineraria appendiculata. Poir. suppl. 2. 263. 

Var. C. lactea. Willd. enum. suppl. 59. 


A little known greenhouse shrub, which, now that the 
growth of the Cineraria-like Senecios has become so suc- 
cessful, deserves to be brought to notice, either for cultivation 
in its original purity, or for the purpose of producing hybrid 
intermixtures. No coloured figure of it has previously ap- 
peared, but it appears from DeCandolle's Prodromus that 
it is to form the subject of one of the outline engravings 
illustrative of Webb and Berthellot’s ** Flore des Isle 
Canariennes.” 


It is a native of the Canaries, in woods on the isle of 
Palma, whence it was sent by Mr. Philip Barker Webb to 
his Gardener at Milford, near Godalming ; and the drawing 
now published was made so long since as June, in the year 
1832, from a plant communicated to me by Mr. Young, now 


nurseryman of that place. 

DeCandolle considers it a variety of the yellow C. populi- 
folia. 

The species is best treated as a half-hardy perennial ; it 
grows freely in any rich soil, and flowers during a great 


August, 1839. R 


part of the year, particularly in the spring. It may be in- 
creased from cuttings of the young shoots, or by dividing the 
old plants in the autumn, and it requires about the same 
treatment as the herbaceous kinds of Calceolaria. 
specimens are as much as four feet high. 


Strong 


MitrD alee dell 


< a F 
UE 


Wy a ^ E 4 44 4 2 
Gaby A hidgway WY beccaddly. Puget PH 


. 
| 
f 
1 


46 


POLYGÓNUM amplexicaule. 
Stem-clasping Polygonum. 


OCTANDRIA TRYGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. POLYGONACEZX, 
POLYGONUM. Linn. . 


P. amplexicaule (Bistorta); caule erecto, foliis radicalibus longè petiolati« cor- 
datis ovatis acuminatis crenulatis integrisque costá subtüs tomentosá ; supre- 
mis amplexicaulibus, spicis elongatis acuminatis multifloris, bracteis ovatis 
acuminatis imbricatis margine scariosis, calyce petaloideo laciniis ovalibus 
obtusis, staminibus 8 exsertis. 

P. amplexicaule. Don prodr. fi. nep. 70. Meisner monogr. Polyg. 5l. in 
Wall. pl. as. rar. iii. 54. Babington in Linn. trans. xvii. 96. Bot. 
Reg. 1838. misc. no. 117. 

. speciosum. Meisn. l.c. 53. Wall. cat. no. 1716.! 

. ambiguum. Jd. 

. oxyphyllum. Jd. Wall. cat. no. 1715. ! 

. petiolatum. Don. l. c. 


ae kas kas kas) 


This seems to be a common Nepalese plant, varying 
in appearance like all species very extensively dispersed, and 
consequently divided into several spurious species upon the 
supposed evidence of dried specimens. Mr. Babington has 
rightly reduced to their true value the P. oxyphyllum and 
ambiguum of Meisner, and I add without hesitation the 
P. speciosum of the same author, which does not merit dis- 
tinction even as a variety. 


The seeds from which this was raised were received by 
the Horticultural Society from Dr. Falconer, the superinten- 
dent of the Botanical Garden of Saharunpur, as has already 
been briefly stated in this work, (volume for 1838, no. 117 
of the miscellaneous matter). No varieties were seen 
among the seedlings, and it is probable that the differences 
which have been remarked among the dried specimens were 


produced by local causes. 


The species is very pretty and graceful, from the abun- 
dance of crimson spikes which it produces ; but it is inferior 


in beauty to the P. vaccinüfolium from the Himalayan moun- 


tains, which is a trailing shrub, and would be an acquisition 
to our gardens. 


may be within reach of the water ; 
adapted for planting on the margins of lakes or ponds. 


It may be increased freely by dividing the old plant when 
eeds sown in the spring ; but 
perennial plants, will not flower 


5 
£ — 
ia S 


j 388 VE 


47 


* BAUHINÍA corymbosa. 
Corymb-flowering Bauhinia. 


TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA, or DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, or PENTANDRIA 
MONOGYNIA, or MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA; or MONADELPHIA : 
MONANDRIA, TRIANDRIA, PENTANDRIA, or DECANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. FABACEX, or Lecuminos#, $ CASSIER. 
BAUHINIA, Linn. Botanical Register, vol. 14. t. 1133. 


§ III. Svwrnvoropa, DC. 

B. corymbosa; ramis teretibus cirrhiferis, foliis cordatis subtüs in nervis petiolis 
ramulis calycibus rufo-pubescentibus, foliolis semiovalibus infra medium 
concretis 3-nerviis, staminibus 3 petala ovata undulata unguiculata sub- 
equantibus. 


B. corymbosa. Roxb. fl. ind. 2. 329. DeCand. prodr. 2. 515. 


A Chinese shrub, long since brought into this country, 
but resisting all attempts to flower it until September, 1838, 
when its beautiful clusters were produced abundantly in the 
greenhouse at Redleaf. Mr. Wells, in the note that accom- 
panied the specimens, tells me that he has had it ten or 
twelve years. In Chinese drawings, especially those be- 
longing to the Horticultural Society, this is represented 
loaded with flowers, and in such a condition it must be one 
of the handsomest objects in nature. As it has at length 
begun to fructify, its period of adolescence may be considered 
to have arrived, and therefore cuttings from Mr. Wells's 
plant will probably continue to yield blossoms regularly, and 
in more and more abundance every year. 


I have compared the plant with authentic specimens from 
the Botanic Garden, Calcutta, and have thus assured myself 
of the identity of this and the plant of Dr. Roxburgh. 1 


* So named by Linneeus after the two great Botanists John and Caspar 
Bauhin of Basle, who are typified by the twin leaves peculiar to this genus. 


September, 1839. s 


have, however, been obliged to correct the specific character 
given by M. DeCandolle, which is in some measure at va- 
riance with the plant. 


Dr. Roxburgh calls this “a very extensive delicate spe- 
cies ;” it has scarcely any thing, he says, that deserves the 
name of stem, but its ** many slender branchlets and branches 
climb and spread in every direction to an extent of many 
fathoms, running over high trees, ke.” 


It will succeed best in a house where the temperature is 
something below that of a common damp stove. The soil 
should be fresh and rich, composed of a mixture of peat, 
loam, and decayed manure. The best way to grow it is to 
give its roots plenty of room, by planting it out in a border; 
where this cannot be done, it should have as much pot-room 
as possible, 


It may be propagated either by layers or cuttings. 


The lover of the Linnean classification of plants and ad- 
mirer of its precision, will I am sure be delighted to see how 
well this genus Bauhinia accords with its divisions. Upon 
referring to the station assigned to it above, it will be seen 


that it suits equally well no fewer than eight of the Linnean 
classes or orders. 


Magi AR 


y 
f 


48 


* ODONTOGLOSSUM Rossii 
Ross's Odontoglossum. : 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACE®, $ VANDE&. 

ODONTOGLOSSUM, Kunth. Sepala lateralia patula libera, Labellum 
planum, unguiculatum, ascendens, limbo. reflexo diviso dentato apice angustato ; 
basi concavum cristá bilamellatá rard fimbriatá sepiús anticé bidentatá auctum. 
Columna elongata, apice auriculata aut aptera. Sertum Orchidaceum, t. 25. 


Odontoglossum Rossii; pseudobulbis ovatis ceespitosis ancipitibus monophyllis, 
foliis oblongo-lanceolatis scapo radicali subbifloro longioribus, bracteis mem- 
branaceis carinatis acuminatis, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis carinatis acuminatis 
patentibus, petalis oblongis obtusis revolutis, labello subrotundo-ovato emar- 
ginato undulato lamellis unguis confluentibus rotundatis denticulis 2 ante- 
rioribus obtusis, columná apterá pubescente. Sertum Orchid. t. 25. 


Pseudobulbi compressi, vaginis marcescentibus breviores. Folia erecta, 
bipollicaria, lanceolata, striata, vix coriacea, scapo longiora. Scapus erectus, 
radicalis, medio nudus aut squamá solitariá auctus, subbiflorus ; pedunculis 
medio vaginatis. Flores 2 uncias lati, erecti ; sepalis patentissimis, lanceo- 
latis, luteo-viridibus fusco maculatis ; petalis albis basi purpureo guttatis ; 
labello candido, purissimo, sub lente minutissime pubescente, ungue 3 lineas 
longo columná apterá velutiná paulo breviore. Lamelle labelli carnose, an- 
tice connate, fronte bidentate, lutea, intus sanguineo striate. Stigma pur- 
pureo-marginatum. 


A charming plant, sent to Mr. Barker from Mexico by 
his collector Mr. Ross, after whom it is named. The bright 
white lip, lying as it were in the centre of a rich green 
yellow and blue star of three points, produces a peculiarly 
beautiful and unusual appearance. 


Many of the species of this genus are however handsomer, 
and few less beautiful than this; let us therefore hope 
that Mr. Hartweg will sueceed in procuring them for the 


* From odove a tooth, and yhwoca a tongue, in allusion to the toothings of 
the labellum at the base. : 


Horticultural Society, now that he is engaged in exploring 
the rich neighbourhood of Oaxaca, the head-quarters of 
Mexican Orchidacee. Odontoglossum nebulosum has flowers 
nine inches in circumference, those of O. Cervantesii are 
much like O. Rossii, but larger and richer coloured, and 
both these are from the south-west of Mexico. 


It requires to be cultivated in a warm damp stove, where 
it may either be potted in the usual way, or, which is prefer- 
able, suspended from the roof upon a block of wood. 


Like other Orchidacee it may be multiplied by dividing 
its pseudo-bulbs. 


49 


CHOROZEMA varium. 
Various-leaved Chorozema. 


DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. Ord. FAnacEA or Legumixosæ, $ PAPILIONACRA, 
CHOROZEMA. Botanical Register, vol, 12. fol. 986. 


pubescentibus, i 
in Bot. Reg. 1839. miscell. no. 63. 
Legumen j-pollicare, obovatum, inflatum, subpubescens, venis transver- 
sis approximatis elevatis in ventre evanescentibus, intus glabrum. Semina 
circiter 20, olivacea, ossea, laevigata, grani Milii magnitudine. 


Of the beautiful Flora of the Swan River Colony I pro- 
pose so soon to give an account in the forthcoming Appendix 
and Index to this work, that it is unnecessary to say more 
on this occasion than that this plant is one of its prettiest 
ornaments. 


It was introduced in the year 1837 by Mr. Smart, who 
e seeds As. y * Native "n the NE 

iety, in whose en it was speedily raised, ucing 
two i three varieties, one of which ve. the leaves almost 
entirely free from spiny toothings, but not different in any 
other respect. In its own mee! it must ep fore 
plant, for I do not find it in any of the collections dried 
specimens which I have examined, excepting in that sent 
home by Mr. Drummond in the course of the present season, 
and even there it only occurs in fragments, with the ripe 
pods adhering to them. 


With respect to its cultivation, Mr. Fortune, who raised 
it in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, and whose sub- 


sequent management of it was very successful, has glven 
me the following note. 


“In the autumn of 1837 the seed of this beautiful plant 
was sown in light soil, and placed in a frame nearly ex- 
hausted. It soon vegetated, and was potted in fresh light 
soil, composed of two-thirds peat and one-third loam and 
sand. It was soon after placed in a cool pit, and regularly 
shifted into a larger pot as it required it. Under this treat- 
ment it grew freely, and was covered with its beautiful 
flowers for several months in the early part of the present 
year. 


“The only particular thing in its cultivation is, that it 
must always have plenty of air and not too much water, 


otherwise it is very apt to damp off at its neck soon after 
flowering. 


* It is easily propagated from cuttings, treated in the 
usual way." 


A fine plant exhibited by Mr. Halley of Blackheath, at 
one of the meetings of the Horticultural Society in Regent 
Street, received the Society's Large Silver Medal, which is 
given on those occasions exclusively for new ornamental 


— of great beauty, never previously exhibited to the 
public. 


Fig. 1. isa calyx, with one of the segments turned back 


to shew the ovary and style; 2. is a longitudinal section of 
the ovary. 


50 


* FUNKIA Sieboldi. 


Siebold's Funkia. 


HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. LiLIACEX. 


FUNKIA, Spreng.  Perigonium corolinum, tubulosum; tubo brevi, 
limbo sex-partito, subbilabiato, connivente v. patentiusculo. Stamina 6, basi 
limbi inserta, subfasciculatim declinata. Ovarium triloculare. Ovula plurima, 
biseriata, adscendentia, anatropa. Stylus filiformis, declinatus ; stigma subtrigo- 
num, leve. Capsula oblongo-prismatica, trilocularis, loculicido-trivalvis. Se- 
mina plurima, ascendentia, plano-compressa ; testá membranacea, nigra, laxa, in 
alam apice longiorem producta, raphe inter testam liberá, adscendente. Em- 
bryones plures, dimidio albumine longiores, inter communem cavitatem axilem 
paralleli, extremitatibus radicularibus incrassatis umbilico proximis. Herbz in 
China et Japonica obvie ; radice fibroso-fasciculatá, foliis radicalibus petio- 
latis, ovatis cordatisve, acuminatis, plicato-nervosis, caulinis nullis, v. sub- 
sessilibus, floribus racemosis candidis v. coeruleis. Endl. gen. pl no. 1100. 


F. Sieboldi ; foliis oblongis acuminatis multinerviis subtús glaucis, racemo denso 
secundo multifloro, floribus pendulis clavato-infundibularibus, pedicellis brac- 
teis erectis brevioribus. 

F. Sieboldiana. Bot. Mag. t. 3663. 

Hemerocallis Sieboldiana. Bot. Cab. t. 1869. 


Bractee unciales et ultra, ovate, acute, herbacee, punctis pellucidis 
sine ordine notate, pedicellis dupld longiores. Alabastrus apice ventricosus, 
ovalis, versus basin attenuatus teres. Stigma capitatum, obsolete trilobum, 
incurvum, ultra perianthium extensum, incurvatum. Ovula citó post peri- 
anthii delapsum alata. 


This very pretty herbaceous plant is one of Dr. v. Siebold's 
acquisitions in Japan, and has now become rather common 
in the collections near London. It differs from the old spe- 
cies of the gardens (Hemerocallis cerulea now Funkia ovata, 
and Hemerocallis japonica or alba now Funkia subcordata) 


* So named by Sprengel, after Henry Christian Funck, a German Crypto- 
gamic Botanist, who lived in the early part of the present century. 


n its much smaller and more numerous flowers, which are 
neither blue nor white, but of a pale lilac colour. 


It proves a hardy perennial, growing about a foot high 
in any rich garden soil, particularly if planted in a situation 
which is rather dry during the winter, but well supplied 
with moisture during the growing season, and rather shaded 
from the mid-day sun. | 


It flowers about the end of June, each flower lasting but 
for one day, but the others come out in succession for several 
days. 


The plant is increased freely by dividing the old roots, 
when in a dormant state, or by seeds (which it produces 
freely) sown in the spring. Seedling plants will not flower 
before the second season. 


Fig. 1. represents the stamens and pistil, the floral enve- 
lopes being removed ; 2. is a transverse section of the ovary ; 
3. 1s a vertical section of the same part ; 4. is an ovule a little 
advanced towards the state of a seed. 


The accompanying figure was taken from specimens com- 
municated by Robert Mangles, Esq. of Sunning Hill. 


51 


GONGORA fulva. 
Tawny-flowered Gongora. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACEZ, $ VANDERZ. 
GONGORA, Fl. Peruv. Botanical Register, vol. 19. fol. 1616. 


G. fulva ; hypochilii convexi cornubus lateralibus elongatis capitatis aristis seta- 
ceis, epichilio acuminato «quilongo, pedicellis columná tripló longioribus. 


The drawing of this plant has been lying in my portfolio 
since the month of July, 1836, when I received a specimen 
from Mr. Barker with the following memorandum. 


* The leaves of the plant are very similar in form to the 
Gongora maculata, but are somewhat larger, and perhaps a 
little finer or thinner. The bulbs are deeply ribbed, and 
a little longer than maculata. It is highly fragrant, scenting 
the whole house; the scent approaches nearer that of the 
violet than any thing I know." i 


Mr. Barker considered the plant a variety of Gongora 
maculata, already figured in this work at fol. 1616; and 
perhaps rightly. But at the same time, till we have a more 
certain knowledge of the value of the differences found in 
the flowers of Orchidaceous plants, it seems necessary to dis- 
tinguish it specifically. In addition to the peculiarities ad- 
verted to in the above memorandum, and the darker colour, 
the flowers of this are not more than half the size of G. ma- 
culata, and the raceme is far more contracted, in consequence 
of the shortness of the pedicels. I also find that the lateral 
horns of the hypochilium are terminated by a round dilated 
head; as is represented in the magnified flower of the ac- 


companying plate. 


September, 1839. T 


92 


52 


* ZICHYA tricolor. 
Three-coloured Zichya. 


DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. FABACEZ, or PAPILIONACER. 


ZICHYA (Hügel msc.) Calyx campanulatus bilabiatus, labio superiore 
bidentato, inferiore tripartito. Corolle vexillum unguiculatum, late orbiculatum, 
emarginatum, reflexum, basi biappendiculatum, alis longius. 4le oblongs, ca- 
rine ultra medium adheerentes. Carina incurva, obtusa, alis brevior v. subequi- 
longa. Stamina distincte diadelpha, filamento vexillari basi recto inarticulato. 
Anthere uniformes. Vagina disci nulla. Ovarium pluriovulatum. Stylus 
brevis, adscendens, superne in stigma subcapitatum, ssepius dilatatum v. breviter 
appendiculatum desinens. Legumen oblongo-lineare, compressum, coriaceum, 
sutura seminifera incrassata, intus isthmis cellulosis multiloculare. Semina stro- 
phiolata, Frutices volubiles. Folia pinnatim trifoliolata, foliolis stipel- 
latis. Pedunculi axillares, apice umbellatim multiflori. Bractew et stipulee 
parve, rarius foliacee. Calyces sepius pilis fuscis villosi. Corolla coccinea. 
Bentham in Hugel's Arch. t. 1. 


Z. tricolor ; foliolis ovato-oblongis obtusis utrinque preecipué subtüs sericeis, 
calycibus pilis appressis ferrugineis villosis, vexillo cuneato, alis carinà ob- 
tusissimá longioribus, stigmate minuto. 


Caules volubiles, pilis appressis rufescentibus sericei. Folia trifoliolata, 
utrinque sericea ; petiolo dense piloso ; stipulis triangularibus, subtüs villosis, 
supra glabris sulcatis ; foliolis exacté ovato-oblongis, obtusis, apiculatis, ne 
minimé quidem angulatis vel retusis, lateralibus petiolatis. Pedunculi azil- 
lares, foliis longiores, sericei, floribus umbellato-corymbosis. Calyx pilis ap- 
pressis ferrugineis hirsutus, unguis vexilli longitudine, labio superiore biden- 
tato, inferiore trifido. Vexillum cuneatum, retusum, angulis rotundatis, 
supra unguem bicallosum, amené lateritium, basi luteo biocellatum ; Ale 
rose, obtuse, patule, carin atropurpureá obtusissimá longiores. Stamina 
diadelpha, inter se equalia. Ovarium lineare, pubescens ; stylo crasso, com- 
presso, glaberrimo, sursúm incurvo et subulato ; stigmate minuto, capitato. 


The genus Zichya has been formed by Baron Hügel at 
the expense of the older genus Kennedya, by separating from 
it the species figured in this work under the name of 
Kennedya inophylla (fol. 1431), dilatata (fol. 1526), and 
glabrata (fol. 1838), together with the K. coccinea of Ventenat, 
and by adding to it a pretty new species, from Swan River, 
which he has named Z. Molly. The genus thus constituted 
forms a very natural group, and one which, from its graceful 
twining habit, is particularly well suited to ornament green- 


houses. 


* So named by Baron Hügel, in compliment to the Countess Molly Zichy- 
Ferraris, now Princess Metternich. 


The plant now figured was sent me by Mr. Young, nur- 
seryman, of Milford near Godalming ; it is nearly related 
to Z. dilatata, from which it differs in the following par- 
ticulars: the leaflets are not in the slightest degree angular, 
but exactly ovate oblong ; they are not retuse, but simply 
obtuse; and they are downy on the upper side: the flowers 
are in looser heads, and the calyx is closely covered with 
brown hairs, not shaggy with spreading black hairs; besides 
which the flowers are not of one uniform colour, except the 
basal spots of the vexillum, on the contrary the keel is deep 


purple, the wings are bright rose colour, and the vexillum is 
a bright brick red. 


To the six species now defined I have to add a seventh, 
for which I am indebted to Captain Mangles, who received 
the specimens from Swan River ; and which, from the nar- 
rowness of its leaves, may be called Z. angustifolia.* 


This plant may be increased by seeds, or by cuttings of 
the halfripened wood in spring, inserted in a pot of silver- 
sand, covered with a bell-glass, and placed on a moderate 
hot-bed. In potting off the cuttings when rooted none of 
the sand should be allowed to remain on the roots of the 
young plants, as it often causes them to canker and become 
unhealthy, or die. The young plants when first potted off 
should have rather a light sandy soil, but as they become 
stronger the soilin which they were potted should have a 


larger portion of loam in it; as this plant, like nearly all 


those belonging to Leguminose, prefers a strong soil and 
rather dry situation. 


n a cold pit or green- 
rees above freezing, but 


" Z.angustifolia ; foliolis oblongo-linearibus 
que presertim subtüs pilo 
corolla longioribus, vexill 
glabro dorso tantum pube 


> basi dilatatis supra nitidis utrin- 
sis, calycibus pilis appressis ferrugineis villosis unguibus 
o obcordato, alis cariná obtusissimá longioribus, ovario 
Scente, stigmate minutissimo. 


or M 


53 


DAUBENYA fülva. 
Tawny Daubenya. 


HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. LILIACER. 
DAUBENYA. Botanical Register, vol. xxi. fol. 1813. 


D. fulva; foliis petiolatis ovalibus basi convolutis, capitulo pedunculato, den- 
tibus labii posterioris distantibus, anteriore longé unguiculato. 

Perianthium tubulosum, ore valdé obliquo, bilabiato; labio peripherico longé 
unguiculato trilobo ; postico nano laciniá intermediá dentiformi. Stamina 
6, basi laciniarum perianthii inserta; antheris erectis, introrsis, basi fixis. 
Ovarium uniloculare, cum stylo continuum, placentis tribus parietalibus, 
axin attingentibus, utrinque serie simplici polyspermis ; stigma simplex. 
Planta bulbosa, Africana, diphylla, Massonie facie; foliis ovalibus 
leviter striatis, basi cucullatis. Scapus centralis, foliis brevior, floribus 
subverticillatim capitatis, bracteis membranaceis, cucullatis ——. 


Bulbus omnino Hyacinthi orientalis facie, sed minor. Folia ovalia, 
obtusa, basi convoluta, limbo 4-5 pollices longo. Scapus centralis, 2-pollica- 
ris, teres, nudus ; racemo subverticillato, denso, capituliformi, multifloro. 
Bractee membranacee, oblonge, cucullate, tubo perianthii breviores. Pe- 
rianthii tubus flavus, 2 lineas longus, teres; limbus 13 pollicem longus, 
6-lobus, quam mazimé irregularis; lobus posticus parvus, erectus, denti- 
Jormis ; 2 proximi paulo alterios in limbum, triangulares, acuti, patentes ; 
tum tres alteri, longo intervallo distantes et quasi unguiculati, labium capi- 
tuli peripheriam spectans efformant, 3-lobum, coccineum, laciniis obovatis 
concavis subequalibus. Stamina laciniis perianthii opposita, equalia ; an- 
theris linearibus, erectis, introrsis, utrinque bilobis. Ovarium 1-loculare, 
placentis 3 parietalibus 6-8-spermis, basi approximatis, sursúm distantibus 
effetis; in stylum cavum, cum ovarii cavitate continuum, ad stigma usque 
simplicissimum punctiforme protractum. 


For a knowledge of this most remarkable plant I am 
indebted to Robert Barchard, Esq. of East Hill, Wandsworth, 
in whose garden it was observed in flower by Professor Royle. 
It had been received from the Cape of Good Hope, with 
other bulbs, but was believed to have been collected some- 
where on the East Coast of Africa or in Madagascar. 


October, 1839. U 


It forms a new species of the very singular genus Dau- 
benya, the original of which was published in this work 
some years ago (Daubenya aurea, vol. xxi. fol. 1813) ; but 
it throws no new light upon the affinities of the genus, which 
must still be supposed to be with Massonia. 


.. The irregularity observable in the perianth of Daubenya 
aurea, is here carried still further, existing to as great an 
extent as in the most oblique forms of Babiana among 
Tridacee ; and it adds one to the many already known facts 
leading to the conclusion that irregularity in the floral enve- 
lopes cannot alone be taken as a sound mark of ordinal dis- 
tinction. Certainly Liliaceze has been hitherto regarded as 
one of the most regular-flowered of orders, and yet here is 
a case in which irregularity in the flower is carried almost 
as far as the suppression of a part of the floral segments. 
It will doubtless be found, whenever the limitation of natural 
orders is reduced to any principles, and ceases to be arbi- 
trary, that every large order contains irregular and regular 
flowered genera, and that the greatest value that can be 


assigned to such a circumstance is that of characterizing 
some division of the order: 


Among Exogens Ranunculaceae, Papaveracee, Violacee, 
Geranacee, Brassicacee, Apiacee, Asteracee, Campanulacee, 
Boraginacee, Caprifoliacee, Malpighiacee, and a great many 
others have both regular and irregular flowers; Scrophu- 
lariacee with irregular flowers therefore should not be divided 


from Solanacee, any more than among Amaryllidacee Hip- 
peastrum from Vallota. 


In the accompanying figure 1. represents a flower, mag- 


nified; 2. an ovary, style, and stigma; 3. a transverse 
section of the ovary. 


p yk i ; 
Iteca, Un 


cei tttm, FOG, . 
7 


t r. 


CC 


FA 


54 


LAELIA albida. 
White-flowered Lelia. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACEZ, $ EPIDENDREZ. ' 
LALIA,. Botanical Register, vol. 21. fol. 1751. 


L. albida ; pseudo-bulbis ovalibus diphyllis, foliis linearibus acutis spicá mul- 
tiflorá 4-pló brevioribus, sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis vel subacumi- 
natis petalisque latioribus acutis, omnibus apicibus reflexis fortiter mucro- 
nulatis; labelli alté trilobi tricostati lobis lateralibus erectis rotundatis 
intermedio duplo majore subrotundo obscure apiculato reflexo. Bateman 
in litt. Botanical Register, 1839, misc. no. 4. 


Pseudobulbi ovati, sulcati, diphylli. Folia angusté lanceolata, erecto- 
patula, scapo breviora. Racemus erectus, 3-5-florus. Bractew ovate, dure, 
obtuse, sessiles, nane. Sepala candida, apice rosea, oblongo-lanceolata, 
patula. Petala breviora, oblonga, obtusiora, revoluta, concolora. Labellum 
obovatum, trilobum, 3-lamellatum : laciniis lateralibus obtusis intermedio ob- 
tuso apiculato undulato rubescente multo brevioribus; lamelle labelli lutee, 
purpureo-punctate. Columna elongata, glabra. 


Oaxaca is the head-quarters of Orchidaces, in the king- 
dom of Mexico. It was there that Count Karwinski found 
the greater part of the species, of which specimens were 
brought home by him to Munich; it is there that the majo- 
rity of European collectors have obtained the best part of 
what they have sent home; and where, cn Mr. Hartweg 
has got together not fewer than 140 species for the Horticul- 
tural Society. 


Oaxaca is the native country of this lovely plant, a notice 
of which has already been inserted in the present work, and 
than which none is more worthy of a figure; for its flowers 
are as sweet as a bed of primroses, which in fact they much 
resemble in odour. Count Karwinski found it near St. Pedro, 
in cool places, according to the herbarium of Dr. Von Martius, 


in which wild specimens exist. 


It was originally sent me by Mr. Bateman ; and I have 
since had it from Thomas Harris, Esq. of Kingsbury, who 
bought it, along with numerous Cacti, from a French col- 
lector who visited London two years ago. The pseudo-bulbs 
were so much like those of Lelia autumnalis, that, when the 
latter reached London from Mr. Hartweg, it was thought to 
be the same species. 


It is the only Leelia as yet discovered with white flowers. 


* AGAVE saponaria. 
The Soap Aloe. 


HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. AMARYLLIDACEZ, $ AGAVER. 
AGAVE. Botanical Register, vol. 14. fol. 1145. 


A. saponaria; acaulis, inermis, glaucescens, rhizomate crasso carnoso, foliis 
teneris lanceolatis acuminatis semiamplexicaulibus, spicá simplici, bracteis 
acuminatis ovario brevioribus (perianthii laciniis revolutis). Botanical 
Register for 1838, mise. no. 141. » 


A full description of this plant having been already given 
in the present work, it is needless to repeat it. 


Mr. Skinner is related to have found it used as a substi- 
tute for soap in Peru, where he saw it growing on a sandy 
plain; it seems however to be Mexican; and to be very 
nearly the same as the Polianthes mexicana of Zuccarini, 
which is described as having white flowers, and is probably 
an allied species. That it is an Agave admits I think of no 
doubt; but, unlike those gigantic species with which we are 
most familiar, it flowers readily and does not then perish, 
but continues to grow without suffering ; in fact it is a true 
perennial, while the others are analogous to annuals. 


If this species should furnish a fibre capable of being 
used by the manufacturer, it will then, like the Maguey, its 
near ally, both produce a material from which linen may be 
woven, and assist in washing it afterwards. 


Its cultivation is very simple. When it is in a growing 
state it should be placed in a temperature a little higher than 


* Ayavoc admirable, in allusion to the many useful purposes to which the 
genus is applicable. 


a common greenhouse. It never requires much water, and 
in the winter months may be kept nearly dry. The soil 
used in potting should be fresh loam mixed with a consider- 
able quantity of sand. 


When seeds are procured they should be sown in light 


soil, and placed in a little heat, where they will vegetate 
freely. 


26 


56 


* LUPINUS Barkeri. 
Mr. Barker's Lupine. 


DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. 


Nat. Ord. FABACEAZ or LEGUMINOsE, $ PAPILIONACER, 
LUPINUS. Botanical Register, vol. 13. fol. 1096. 


L. Barkeri; annuus, pubescens, foliolis septenatis obovatis obtusis subtus pilo- 
siusculis, stipulis adnatis setaceis pilosis, racemis verticillatis multifloris, 
alabastris rostratis distantibus tomentosis bracteis subulatis deciduis pilosis 
paulo brevioribus, calyce bracteolato: labiis utrisque acuminatis superiore 
bidentato. 


— M MÀ — 


To the erowd of species of this most difficult genus a 
new one is added with some hesitation ; and, till the specific 
marks of the genus are better understood, it will be im- 
possible to feel quite sure that varieties are not introduced 
under the name of species. 


I must confess, however, that I can find no recorded 
plant to which the present can be referred, as a probable 
variety. It approaches nearest to L. elegans of this work, 
fol. 1581, and to Z. leptocarpus of Mr. Bentham, but it 
seems to differ from both those plants in the somewhat re- 
markable character of the flower-buds being separated from 
each other by a considerable distance even when quite young. 
From Z., Hartwegii, which is L. bilineatus of Mr. Bentham's 
" Plante Hartwegiane,” and which is I fear too near L. 
mericamus, the short deciduous bracts and freedom from 
villosity sufficiently separate this plant. 


_ It was obtained from Mexico by George Barker, Esq. of 
Birmingham, and is worthy of bearing his name, fog it is a 
very handsome species. 


It may be treated either as a half-hardy annual, or as a 


* See Botanical Register, fol. 1198. 


biennial ; and, like Zupinus Hartwegit, flowers from the end 
of June until destroyed by frost in the autumn. 


If treated as an annual the seeds should be sown as early 
as possible (February), so that the plants may have a long 
season before them ; but if managed as a biennial, the seeds 
should be sown the previous year, about the beginning of 
August; kept in pots protected from frost during winter, 
and planted out in the open borders about the middle of 
May. It makes large plants, growing nearly three feet high, 
and flowering profusely all the autumn. 


r2 
Nt 
FM 4, 


b y : » IBY f ecc autet ly Oed 


57 


ONCIDIUM trulliferum. 
Trowel-lipped Oncidium. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACEZ, S VANDEZ. 
ONCIDIUM. © Botanical Register, vol. 13. t. 1758. 


O. trulliferum ; pseudobulbis elongatis ovalibus com ressis 2-3-phyllis foliis 
ovalibus feré equalibus, scapo radicali rigido semel ramoso, sepalis laterali- 
bus distinctis superioribus petalisque obtusis concavis, labelli lobis lateralibus 
nanis rotundatis intermedio trulliformi serrulato, cristá verrucosá medio 
depressá levi antic? dente ascendente serrato apice appendiculato, columns 


alis integerrimis ovatis obtusis. 


This addition to the extensive genus Oncidium is a native 
of Brazil, whence it was imported by Messrs. Loddiges, with 


whom it flowered in September, 1838. 


The pseudo-bulbs are represented much diminished in 
the accompanying plate; they are in fact six inches long, 
and the leaves themselves are scarcely longer; they are 
pressed almost flat, so that although fourteen or fifteen lines 
broad, they are not more than three lines thick (fig. 2.). 


The scape is stiff, erect, and branched in a simply pin- 
nated manner, each branch being covered with flowers from 
the base to the apex. The figure of the lip (fig. 1.) is ve 
uncommon ; its middle lobe is produced into a segment muc 
like a bricklayer’s trowel, at the base of which there stands 
a strong tooth ascending, notched at the side, and terminated 
by a little notched appendage ; this tooth rests by its back 
upon a tumour covered with regular warts, and forming the 
centre of three such tumours, the lateral ones standing nearer 
the base of the labellum, with a smooth wartless hollow be- 


tween them. 


In cultivation it requires the da 
managed ; growing freely either in a 
October, 1839. x 


mp stove. It is eni 
pot with the usual soil, 


or suspended from the roof upon a block of wood. In either 


way, but particularly in the latter, it must be freely syringed 
during the growing season. 


It is propagated in the same way as other plants of this 
kind. 


E / MA od Ez LG , s : y dd v PETS 
edd LB halle, dell Dutlty 4 He dgapr 6 Piccadilly Dor E T0 fj. Barclay. se 
a 7 omg / y 


58 


* AMYGDALUS incana. 
Hoary-leaved Almond. 


ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. Rosacez, $ AMYGDALEZ. 
AMYGDALUS. Botanical Register, vol. 14. t. 1160. 


A. incana ; foliis obovatis oblongisque serratis subtus incano-tomentosis, caly- 
cibus cylindraceis : laciniis oblongis herbaceis tomentosis, petalis emarginatis 
tubo calycis brevioribus. ; 

A.incana. Pall. fl. Ross. p. 13. t. 7. ` 

A. nana, var. incana. Loudon Arb. Brit. ii. 674. 


A rare and very pretty hardy shrub, inhabiting the range 
of Caucasus, or open plains near the foot of the promontory, 
near Teflis, among rocks. lt is readily known from A. nana, 
by its leaves covered thickly with hoariness beneath; never- 
theless it has been thought to be a variety of that species. 
This was the opinion of Guldenstadt who first discovered it; 
but it was not adopted by Pallas who first published it. 
M. DeCandolle has omitted the plant in his Prodromus, and 
Mr. Loudon in his Arboretum Britannicum, not having seen 
the species, and being perhaps influenced by Pallas's bad 
figure of A. nana, adopted the views of Guldenstädt. 


No two species can however be more truly distinct ; and 
the characters by which they are distinguished, namely, the 
obovate coarsely serrated leaves hoary beneath, long downy 
calyx, and short petals, of the one, and the finely serrated 
leaves smooth on both sides, short smooth calyx, and long 
petals, of the other, I find to be uniform in the wild plant. 


In my specimens from the Caucasus, sent me by the late 
M. De Klustine and Mr. Prescot, and in others from Iberia, 


which I owe to the liberality of the Imperial Museum of 


* See Botanical Register, fol. 1160. 


St. Petersburgh, all the features of the Garden plant are 
exactly preserved. 


For the possession of it the Horticultural Society is in- 
debted to Sir Oswald Moseley, Bart. in whose shrubbery at 
Rolleston Hall 1 first saw it growing in 1837. 


It is a hardy middle sized shrub, flowering about the 
beginning of May, and growing well in any rather strong 
rich soil, but not in a damp situation. 


It is increased by budding on the common plum stock 
about the middle or end of July. 


The plant in the Garden of the Society was not in the 
least injured by the severe winter of 1837-8. 


E ag 
T 


59 


FABIANA imbricata. 
Imbricated Fabiana. 


es 


PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. SOLANACER. 


FABIANA. Ruiz & Pavon. Calyx tubulosus semiquinquefidus. Co- 
rolla hypogyna, infundibularis, tubo sensim ampliato, limbo plicato leviter quin- 
quelobo. Stamina 5, imo corolle tubo inserta, inclusa, insequilonga, apice in- 
curva; antheris longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Discus bilobus carnosus. Ova- 
rium biloculare, placentis dissepimento adnatis, multiovulatis ; stylus simplex, 
apice incurvus : stigma obliquum. Capsula calyce persistente inclusa, bilocu- 
laris, septicido-bivalvis, valvis apice bifidis, placentas coadunatas nutantibus, 
Semina plurima, subglobosa. Embryo intra albumen carnosum subperiphericus, 
arcuatus. Suffrutices austro-americani, viscosi v. resinosi; foliis alternis 
sparsis v. imbricatis ; pedunculis sub-axillaribus v. extra-axillaribus, soli- 
tarüs, unifloris. Endlicher genera, no. 3838, paucis mutatis. 


F. imbricata ; foliis squamzeformibus imbricatis obtusis, floribus sessilibus. 
F. imbricata. Fl. Peruv. 11. p. 12. t. 122. 


This pretty little shrub was originally discovered in Chili 
by Dombey, from whose herbarium specimens are now before 
me. It was first published in the Flora Peruviana, having 
been found by the botanists attached to the Spanish survey 
of Western South America, in plains and on the sandy banks 
ofstreams in the same country. Recently it was met with 
plentifully by Mr. Cuming, of whose dried plants 1t 15 
no. 140. 


It forms a small bright green shrub, with the habit of a 
Tamarisk, or rather of a Thuja, and when in flower is loaded 
with snow-white blossoms resembling those of some heath ; 
it may be in fact regarded as a genus of Solanacez with the 
habit of Ericacez. 

It is not easy to deny the justice of the views of Schykofsky 
and Schleiden regarding placentation in such plants as this 

November, 1839. — . Y 


is; for we find the placente distinctly separate from the 
carpellary leaves, and to all appearance constituting a forma- 
tion with a central origin. It can hardly indeed be doubted 
that the central placentation is of very common occurrence ; 
indeed I suspect we shall find upon more exact enquiry that 
the placentary matter is not always confined to the interior 
of the ovary, but that it occasionally finds its way to the 
outside, in which case it becomes the stigmatic tissue, and is 
surrounded by the apex of the style either in the form of a sort 
of toothing as in Impatiens, or like a rim as in Ericaceze, 


or as what botanists call the stigmatic indusium in Goode- 
niacez, Sc. 


Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, and Co. of Exeter supplied me 
with a flowering specimen of this plant in May of the present 


year; and I have also had it from Messrs. Rollissons of 
Tooting. 


It is multiplied by cuttings or seed in the same manner 
as Cape heaths; and must be cultivated in the greenhouse 
or pit, sufficiently protected from frost in winter. The situa- 
tion in which it is placed should be near the glass, and 
where it can have plenty of air. In the summer months it 
should be turned out of doors, but not exposed to too bright 
sunshine. In other respects it may be treated as common 


greenhouse plants. The soil which suits it best is peat and 
sand. 


_Fig. 1. represents a magnified view of the entire flower ; 
2. is a stamen; 3. is an ovary, with its double two-lobed 
crimson disk ; 4. represents the same part cut through trans- 


versely, and shews that one of the cells of the ovary is much 
smaller than the other. 


OO 


Sot S s y. *- a 
s Ly TACO: HAL. Fut 


tu 
v 


Sa. T 7, / AR > 
Lb q^ dgua YAÓY o renal A ope le UH ABI 


60 


* PATERSONÍA sapphirina. 


Sapphire Patersoma. 


MONADELPHIA TRIANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. 1RIDACEZ. 
PATERSONIA. Botanical Register, vol. 1. fol. 51. 


P. sapphirina ; foliis linearibus viridibus scapoque glabris junioribus tenuissimé 
ciliatis: striis sequalibus, scapo foliorum longitudine, spathis multifloris 
cariná interiorum tomentosá, stigmate erecto, antheris isoscelo-triangularibus. 


Folia bipedalia et ultra, 2 lineas lata; striis equalibus ; juniora pilis 
Minutis ciliata citó deciduis. Capsule oblonge, anguste, trigone, apice et 
angulis cum perianthii basi persistente tomentose ; loculicido-trivalves, po- 
lysperme. Semina atra, ascendentia, oblonga, mutud pressione angulata, 
tenuissime acustriata, angulo centrali loculorum adnata, sine ullo columna 
centralis vestigio; raphe tenuis; chalaza elevata subfungosa ; albumen cor- 
neum, amylo plenum, oleosum, revera album, sed luce teste violaceá trans- 
d quasi violaceum ; embryo minimus in cavitate hilo proximá obliquá 
INCLUSUS. 


A beautiful herbaceous plant, requiring the simplest 
greenhouse cultivation, and inhabiting the Swan River 
Colony, whence its seeds were obtained by Mr. Mangles. 
Unfortunately the brilliant sapphire flowers, to which colours 
fail to do justice, are of short duration: a large plant will 
however produce numerous flower-heads, and these, by the 
number of their blossoms, compensate for their ephemeral 
existence. 


ted differs from all mentioned 


The species now represen 
of Swan 


in Dr. Brown's Prodromus, and in the account 


* So named by Dr. Brown, as he tells us, in honour of his “ very dear 
friend, William Paterson, a celebrated traveller, lieutenant-governor of New South 
Wales, of which region he for many years investigated the Flora with great zeal. 
This was doubtless an excellent reason for naming some New Holland plant after 
Colonel Paterson, but none for doing so at the expense of M. Labillardiére, who 
first called this genus Genosiris. 


River plants described in the Appendix to the Botanical 
Register, now in course of publication, in its long narrow 
leaves and scape, which are quite destitute of hairiness, ex- 
cept when the former are very young, at which time they are 
fringed with delicate down. Besides these there exists at 
the Swan River a species, of which I have a specimen, that 
I presume to be new, but which I am unable to publish with 
confidence as such, which must be by far the handsomest of 
all; its scape is two feet high, and much longer than the 
leaves, which are glaucous, red-edged, smooth, and half an 
inch broad. Specimens were sent home by Mr. Drummond, 
from whom the seed might be readily obtained, if this de- 
scription, brief as it is, were transmitted to him. | 


The only description of the seed which I have seen is in 
Endlicher's Genera, no. 1234, where it is said to have an 
axile embryo shorter than the fleshy albumen. Such, however, 
is by no means the structure of this species, of which the ripe 
seeds have a very minute embryo lying in an oblique cavity 
of the albumen, in the region of the hilum. 


Da Ad 


X cla Ur. AC 
f 


Vise, 1599 


PU 


ca LY, 
4 


gp ICG. Pe 


Y 


a. qua 
c 


j ; 
^2, 7, 
"4 


61 


CLEMATIS lathyrifolia. 


Large-flowered erect Clematis. 


POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. RANUNCULACEZ. 
CLEMATIS. Botanical Register, vol. 2. fol. 97. 


C. lathyrifolia ; herbacea, erecta, foliis pinnatis: foliolis ovato-lanceolatis in- 
tegerrimis 2-3-lobisve, corymbis paniculatis, sepalis 4-5 obovatis tomentosis, 
carpellis eum caudá villosis, 

C. lathyrifolia, Besser. sec. Reichenbach fl. excurs. germ. 2. 734. 


The two common hardy herbaceous plants, Clematis erecta 
and angustifolia, although placed at a great distance from 
each other in M. DeCandolle's distribution of the genus, are 
nevertheless so nearly related that there can be no doubt of 
their immediate affinity. In fact they cannot be distin- 
guished by the characters given them in the Prodromus, 
which are almost equally applicable to either. C. angusti- 
folia is said to have one flower only on a common stalk, 
which is never the case in the garden specimens, neither do 
I find it so in my wild specimens of the supposed variety 
C. lasiantha from Dahuria. The real distinction between 
them consists, as Reichenbach has well observed, in the 
narrow leaves and hairy carpels of one, as compared with the 
broad ovate leaves and smooth carpels of the other. 


But to which are we to refer the present plant ? Reichen- 
bach considers it a mere variety of C. erecta, which is 1m- 
possible, for it has the leaves and fruit of C. angustifolia ; but 
it will not arrange exactly with the latter plant, for its flowers 
are in a loose corymbose panicle, and are much larger, and 
its whole aspect is different ; in the size of its flowers 1t cor- 
responds with the above-mentioned C. lasiantha, which seems 
a good species, and not a mere variety of C. angustifolia. 


This may indeed be regarded as a variety of C. lasiantha ; 


but it wants the wool in which the flower-buds of that species 
are enveloped. 


What its native country may be I am unable to ascertain ; 
it is said by Reichenbach to have received its name from 
Professor Besser; but it is not noticed in that writer's Enu- 
meration of the plants of Podolia, Bessarabia, and other 
dismemberments of the ancient kingdom of Poland, nor do 
I find a trace of it in any book except Reichenbach’s Enume- 
ration, above quoted. 


I have only seen it in the garden of the Horticultural 
Society, where it was received from the late Mr. Fischer, of 
the Gottingen garden, under the name here adopted. 


It is a very showy hardy perennial, growing three or four 
feet high in any good garden soil, and flowering freely from 
June to August. 


It is increased freely by division of the old plant when 
in a dormant state, or by seeds, which should be sown in the 
spring; the seedlings will not flower before the second 
season. 


It is rather a straggling plant if left to nature; but if 
tied up regularly to a stake, it makes a beautiful object in a 
flower garden. : 


Sp 


62 


CYRTOCHILUM mystacinym. 
Whiskered Curvelip. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACER, $ VANDEA. 
CYRTOCHILUM. Botanical Register, vol. 19. fol. 1627. 


Cyrtochilum mystacinum ; pseudobulbis ovalibus compressis corrugatis mono- 
phyllis basi polyphyllis, foliis ligulatis acutis planiusculis carinatis scapo 
ramoso multó brevioribus, bracteis lanceolatis pedunculis dupló brevioribus, 
sepalis petalisque ovatis acuminatis, labello unguiculato cordato obovato-lan- 
ceolato subrepando plano apice reflexo medio pubescente basi obsoleté 
lamellato, columne alis multifidis. Bot. Register, 1838. misc. no. 38. 


Pseudobulbi ovales, corrugati, compressi, intra bases foliorum latentes 
vaginantium ; ipsi monophylli. Folia ensiformia, carinata, acuta, avenia, 
erecta, scapo composito-racemoso multà breviora. Bractese acuminate, spha- 
celate, fere naviculares, majores 6-7 lin. longe. Pedicelli bracteis majori- 
bus «quales, minoribus longiores. Ovarium pedicello suo multà brevius. 
Flores lutei, unicolores, distantes. Sepala linearia, acuminata ; lateralibus 
labello suppositis. Petala conformia, sed latiora. Labellum unguiculatum, 
cordatum, obovatum, acumine recurvo ; columná subparallelum eique basi 
adnatum ; ungue calloso obsolete lamellato apicé dentato. Columna cla- 
vata ; alis laceris, appendice ante stigma emarginato. 


A notice of this rare plant has already been given in the 
volume of the present work for 1838, among the miscellaneous 
matter, no. 38; where by a misprint the flowers are de- 
scribed as being “ bright yellow white-coloured,” instead of 
* bright yellow whole-coloured.” 


It is a native of Peru, whence it was obtained by Richard 
Harrison, Esq. of Aighburgh, with whom it produced its 
flowers in the latter end of 1837. It is a genuine species of 
the genus, having the base of the lip united to the face of 
the lower part of the column, a circumstance overlooked 
in the separate figure of the column in the accompanying 
figure, which is otherwise correct. 


This species will require to be cultivated in the moist 
stove, but will ¿probably succeed best when the temperature 
is rather lower than it commonly is in this kind of house. 


It should be potted in brown turfy peat well drained, and 
treated as other plants of this kind. 


It is multiplied by division. 


(X 


2 2 A Neve 1I820, Garay, 
de Prato tuy Z Baig way IÓ) Pucca AA, NOKI TEI YG, YU Y 
M E 4 e PA » 


— - 


63 


SCILLA pratensis. 
Meadow Squill. 


HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. LILIACE®. 
SCILLA. Botanical Register, vol. 16. fol. 1355. 


S. pratensis ; foliis pluribus proteranthiis ensiformibus canaliculatis subundulatis 
scapo glabro longioribus, racemo elongato bracteolis minimis scariosis, pe- 
dunculis flore tripló longioribus, perianthii foliolis linearibus patulis stami- 
nibus longioribus. 

S. pratensis. Waldst. § Kitaib. plant. rar. Hung. vol. 2. p. 207. t. 189. 
Reichenb. fl. excurs. 1. 106. no. 721. 


For specimens of this rare Squill I am indebted to the 


Honourable W. F. Strangways, in whose garden at Abbots- 
berry it flowers in June. It is a beautiful little rock plant, 


quite hardy, and a welcome addition to our gardens from 
flowering after the spring bulbs are gone, and before the 
autumnal species appear. 

By those authors who have noticed the plant it has been 
compared with Sc. italica, but it is in reality much more 
closely allied to Sc. autumnalis, from which it differs in 
having evident bracts, a perfectly smooth not scabrous scape, 
and in its time of flowering. 

It is a native of Croatia, in fields and meadows by the 
side of the river Korenicza, and especially near the village 
of that name, flowering in the beginning of June. 


Like most plants with bulbous roots it requires a rich 
sandy soil to grow in, with plenty of moisture during the 
growing season, and to be either protected from wet during 
the time of rest or to be taken up after growing, but not 
before the leaves become yellow; as cutting the leaves off 
bulbous plants before the new bulbs are perfectly matured 


November, 1839. z 


is very injurious, although a common practice, in order to 
prevent the unsightly appearance of Crocuses, Hyacinths, 
Squills, Ornithogalums, and all such early flowering plants, 
because they become shabby during the early part of summer. 


64 


DENDROBIUM formosúm. 
Beautiful Tree-bloom. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. Ord. OrcHiDacez, $ MarAxiDEA. 
DENDROBIUM. Botanical Register, vol. 7. fol. 548. 


D. formosum ; caulibus teretibus pendulis pilosis, foliis distichis ovatis apice 
obliqué emarginatis obtusis, racemo brevi terminali 4-5-floro, bracteis bre- 
vibus ovatis, (floribus maximis), sepalis oblongis acutis: lateralibus. basi 
longè productis, petalis duplo latioribus acutis, labello obovato dilatato 
retuso cum basi columns in calcar obtusum connato. Lindley in Wall. 


Pl. As. Rar. p. 34. t. 39. 
D. formosum. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 485. Wall. Cat. no. 1998. 


This magnificent species flowered at Chatsworth, in May 
1838, and the drawing on the opposite page was then made 
from a specimen given me by his Grace the Duke of Devon- 
shire. As a white flowered epiphyte, it is almost unrivalled 
among Asiatic Orchidacee, the Phalenopsis amabilis being 
the only one that can enter into comparison with it. 


It has been already amply described by Drs. Roxburgh 
and Wallich ; the former tells us he found it on trees in the 
forests of Sylhet, and in the Garrow mountains, flowering in 
April and May. | 3 

It was gathered by Dr. Wallich on the mountains of 
Nepal and Sylhet; also in the province of Martaban near 
Moulmein, and in Tavoy on the Tenasserim coast, flowering 
and fruiting in both the dry and rainy seasons. Mr. Grit- 
fith also met with it on trees in damp places in the neigh- 
bourhood of Moulmein ; so that its range is unusually ex- 
tensive for plants of this kind ; it does not however appear 
to belong to the Flora of the Indian Archipelago. Dr. 
Wallich says it grows generally in large tufts upon trees, 


or sometimes on rocks ; the flowers possessing a delightful 
though faint perfume. 


The best way to cultivate the plant, is to suspend it 
from the rafters of the stove. It should have plenty of 
good turfy peat to nourish its roots, and must be freely 
watered and syringed during its growing season. When 
that period is over, it should be kept dry and cool. This 


treatment will retain it in health and vigour, and make it 
flower freely. 


— 


62 


up ute 


RÀ 


ee 


La ee 


2 


LETS OO PAD 


65 


* GRAMMATOPHYLLUM multiflorum. 
Many-flowered Letter-leaf. 


GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. 


Nat. ord. ORCHIDACEA, $ VANDEAZ. 


GRAMMATOPHYLLUM Blume; Perianthium explanatum, patens, 
sepalis petalisque subeequalibus. Labellum cum columná articulatum, nanum, 
trilobum, cucullatum. Columna arcuata, erecta, semiteres, basi callosa. An- 
thera subbilocularis. Pollinia 2, globosa, basi sulcata, in extremitatibus glan- 
dulæ arcuatee sessilia. Herba epiphyta, caulescens. Caules simplices, incras- 
sati. Folia linearia, disticha, striata. ^ Pedunculi radicales, longissimi, (v. 
terminales ?) multiflori. Flores speciosissimi. Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 173. 


G. multifforum ; racemo erecto longissimo multifloro, bracteis ovato-oblongis 
obtusis squamiformibus dorso convexis, sepalis oblongis obtusiusculis planis, 
petalis acutis subconformibus angustioribus, labelli trilobi pubescentis medio 
hirsuti lobo intermedio plano oblongo rotundato lateralibus erectis subfalcatis, 
jugo in medio carnoso elevato ad basin lobi intermedii interrupto in lamellas 
4 simplices cis apicem evanescentes producto, columnee margine supra basin 
elevato flexuoso incurvo foveam altam obconicam circumdante. Botanical 
Register, 1835, misc. no. 80. 


For this noble Orchidaceous plant now figured we are 
indebted to the exertions of Mr. Hugh Cuming, who dis- 
covered it in Manilla, and sent it to his customers in England. 
I am not aware of its having flowered anywhere except with 
Mr. Bateman, who sent me in May, 1838, the specimen, of 
which the annexed plate represents the upper part; the 
Whole raceme was upwards of two feet long, and bore forty- 
eight flowers, each about an inch and half in diameter. 


. The plant has very much the aspect of a gigantic Cymbi- 
dium, with long coriaceous leaves, distichous at the base, 
and in fact there is not much to separate Grammatophyllum 


* From ypa ppa a letter, and guMo» a leaf, in allusion to the marking of the 
leaves of the flower. 


December, 1839. 2a 


from that genus; the principal mark of distinction yet re- 
marked consists in the gland of the pollen-masses, which in 
Cymbidium is triangular, and in the present genus is 
crescent-shaped, with one pollen-mass on each extremity of 
the crescent, 1 observe however that the base of the column 
is rolled up so as to form a fistular cavity, or cuniculus, near 
the base of the labellum; but I am uncertain whether to 
regard this as a generic character or not. 


It was hoped, when this plant was imported, that it 
would prove the famous Letter-plant of Amboyna, Java, and 
the neighbouring coast, so called because its flowers are 
marked with deep brown stains arranged upon a pale ground 
so as to resemble grotesque characters. In this however we 
have been disappointed, as, notwithstanding the noble ap- 
pearance of this, it is very inferior to the Letter-plant. Of 
that I have before me a single flower from Dr. Wallich’s 
Herbarium, gathered at Pulo Dinding, in Cochin China, by 
Mr. Finlayson, which must have been four inches from the 


tip of one sepal to that of the opposite petal, or a foot in cir- 
cumference ! 


As the species is in this natural order among the easiest 
to cultivate, it is well worth possession, even in a small col- 
lection, notwithstanding that the flowers want richness of 


colour : it is probable however that they will improve in this 
respect. 


06 


66 


TULÍPA maleolens. 


Strong-smelling Tulip. , 


HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. LILIACEA; 
TULIPA, Botanical Register, Vol. 14. fol. 1143. 


T. maleolens; caule foliis breviore glabro, foliis lanceolatis canaliculatis margine 
undulatis ciliatis, petalis exterioribus longioribus ovatis v. ovato-oblongis 
acuminatis, interioribus oblongo-ellipticis obtusis; maculá baseos laté rhom- 
boideá emarginatà. Bertoloni in litt. et Reboul nonnull. sp. tulip. not. p. 
9, et Appendix sec. Rómer et Schultes Syst. veg. vii. 376. 


For this rare tulip I am obliged to the Hon.W. F. Strang- 
ways, who communicated specimens from Abbotsbury, in 
May, 1838. 


According to Bertoloni the leaves are lanceolate, taper- 
pointed, regularly wavy and glaucous. The flower is red, 
deeper than in Oculus solis and precoz; in the inside crim- 
son red and shining, on the outside pale red. When in 
flower it exhales an unpleasant but weak smell. The spot 
at the bottom of the petals is short, truncated at the apex 
and emarginate, purplish with a yellow border, larger on 
the sepals than on the petals. The filaments are deep 
purple, and at the very tip light green. 


Mr. Strangways considers this plant to be **only a variety 
of T. Oculus solis; it is the smallest and most delicate; the 
bulb woolly as in the others. It is remarkable for its dark, 
rather than bright, cherry-coloured petals, with a pale straw- 
coloured border surrounding the dark eye which that tribe 
of Tulips has; this eye is of a dark greyish purple, and its 
pale edge is broader and generally more defined than in the 
other cognate Tulips. 1t approaches more nearly to the 
Tulip of the Euphrates (which I cultivate near it) than any 


other Italian Tulip does. A double variety is said to be in 
the Florentine gardens. 


“It is found near Florence in the fields and vineyards 
under S. Miniato; and at a greater distance and in quantity 


at S. Margherita. It is the latest flowering Tulip of its 
class. 


* The leaves are glaucous, more or less waved, sometimes 
much so. Its bad scent is not always present.” 


Mr. Strangways adds, that “ the Aleppo Tulip is distinct 
from that of the Euphrates; and proves to be precisely the 
Italian Oculus solis v. Raddiana, which seems the most gene- 
rally dispersed type of O. solis.” 


$ Vi 


A 


Z, a 
TIPS RI RIAS A 


PA 


r A 


67 


* ARBUTUS laurifolia.. 


Laurel-leaved Strawberry tree. 


DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. Ord. ERICACEZ. 
ARBUTUS. Botanical Register, vol. ii. fol. 113. 


A. laurifolia ; foliis petiolatis oblongis obtusis glabris serrulatis, racemis compo- 
sitis pilosis, bracteis infimis squameformibus imbricatis, pedicellis glabrius- 
culis, corolla medio constrict dimidià inferiore corrugatá membranacea. 

A. laurifolia, Linn. Suppl. 238, fide Dom. Lambert. 


This plant was introduced from Mexico by the last Lord 
Napier, and given to Mr. Lambert, who is of opinion that 
it is the true A. laurifolia of Linneus' Supplement, a very 
obscure plant, said to inbabit North America, concerning 
which no one seems to have much information. Pursh sup- 
posed that it was from the North-west Coast, if so it must 
be the A. Menziesii of that Botanist, and the A. procera of 
this work, fol. 1753. Sir William Hooker concurs in the 
opinion that it was from the West Coast, because no true 
Arbutus has been seen on the east side of the Rocky moun- 
tains; but he distinguishes it from A. Menziesi. 


For my own part it seems more likely that Linneus 
should have seen some Mexican specimen, than that any 
north-west American should have come under his inspection, 
and if so, this is probably the plant he intended. 


Be this as it may, the present species is certainly LI 
distinct from A. Andrachne, although it also has a bark 
which peels off when old; the much less coriaceous and 
smaller leaves, and the very peculiar form of the corolla 
affording abundant marks of discrimination ; the contraction 


* See folio 1753. 


round the middle of the corolla is so distinctly marked, 
that in some positions it looks as if the upper greenish firm 
conical end, were a separate organ from the white shrivelled 
base. 


From A. Menziesii itself, it is so much less different, that 
I had at one time thought they must be the same. It ap- 
pears however, upon a more exact comparison, that while 
the whole raceme of A. Menziesii is covered with a fine 
delicate down which extends all over the pedicels, the latter 
in this species are nearly glabrous, and the remainder of the 
raceme coarsely downy. The lower bracts of A. Menziesii 
are spreading and foliaceous, of A. laurifolia scale-like, im- 
bricated, and closely pressed to the branch. The leaves too 
of the former are much smaller and thinner than those of 
the latter. 


68 


PENTLANDIA miniata, var. 2. Sulivanica. 


Red-lead-coloured Pentlandia, Commodore Sulivaws variety. 


HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 


Nat. ord. AMARYLLIDACEA, $ OPORANTHIFORMES, scapo solido, tubo non 
coronato, seminibus testaceis. 
PENTLANDIA. Herbert. Perianthium cernuum tubo infra subeylindrico 
` tenui curvatulo superne ventricosé ovali limbo brevi reflexé semipatenté regulari, 
filamenta recta subeequalia filiformia tubi regionis ventricos medio inseparabiliter 
inserta, stylus rectus tenuis stigmate incrassato, antheree medio affixee versatiles. 
Plante Andine bulbo ovato superne. angustato, foliis hysteranthiis margine in 
oriundo reflexe compresso seriüs explicato lanceolate angusto-ovalibus petiolo 
crasso, germine curvatulo trigone oblongo utrinque attenuato fronte declivi. 


P. miniata ; umbellà 4-6-florá, folio attenuaté subacuto (unico ?), scapo tereti 
subpedali glaucescente, spathá bivalvi acutá ebracteatá, pedunculis 4-6 in- 
sequalibus subsesquiuncialibus, perianthio subbiunciali miniato: tubi tertiá 
parte tenui sordida, sepalis ovatis, petalis basi angustatis (pedunculato-cor- 
datis) limbum circiter $ uncie longum staminibus semunciam stylo $ unc. 
superantibus, polline aureo. 


Var. 1. Lacunosa; tubo 6-costato angustiore mediá parte constricto, lacunis 
seepe externis intüs gibbosis subrotundis in spatiis interstamineis, foliis H 
uncie latis. Ex Quispicanchá prope urbem Cusco Peruvie. Fig. 1, 2, 
3, W. H. 


Var. Sulivanica ; tubo latiore non constricto neque lacunoso ; (colore satura- 
tiore?) Ex Americe meridionalis regione Occidentali loco incerto. W.H. 


** The first variety of this bright-coloured plant was found 
at Quispicancha, near Cusco in Peru, and sent to Spofforth 
under the name of Red Narcissus by J. B. Pentland, Esq. 
H. B. M.'s consul-general, together with several other bulbs, 
(some of which are apparently of the same genus) and seeds, 
amongst which were those of the splendid Erythrina, called 
Pisonai by the natives. , The genus Pentlandia is named in 
compliment to his exertions to introduce the vegetable pro- 
ductions of Peru into this country. Figs. 1, 2, 3, W. H. re- 
present a flower, the internal view of the same, and the leaf 


of an offset of var. 1; the full grown leaf, usually, if not 
always, solitary, would have been too long for the plate; its 
width is 11-16ths of an inch. It is distinguished from v. 2. 
by a slenderer tube, constricted towards the lower extremity 
of the ventricose part, and by remarkable round pits, which 
appear in the inside like knobs, mostly two to each flower 
in the spaces between the insertion of the filaments. V. 2. 
was sketched and described by Mr. Booth, the intelligent 
gardener of Sir C. Lemon, from a specimen sent to him by 
Mrs. Sulivan from Flushing, near Falmouth, with another 
from Miss Warren of the same place, as the produce of bulbs 
procured by Commodore Sulivan during his command on 
the W. coast of S. America in 1837. Both varieties flowered 
in August, 1839; v. 2. with four, v. 1. with six flowers, not 
long after the decay of the leaf. A second bulb of v. 1. 
shewed flower towards the end of September. The scape 
was about a foot high ; the circumference of the tube of 
v. 2. measured an inch and half. The anthers are oblong, 
and attached near the middle. The narrow part of the tube 
is of a dirty colour, between green and red; the rest of the 
flower of v. 1. is precisely of the colour of red lead, of v. 2. 
according to Mr. Booth's drawing, darker. When the sketch 
of Stenomesson croceum, Bot. Mag. 3615, was shewn to me, 
I was asked whether it was not Pancratium coccineum of 
Ruiz, and I answered that its form agreed better with Dom- 
bey's croceum, understanding from the question that the 
flower had been ascertained to have the cup of Pancratiform 
plants, and thinking that I saw a six-toothed cup iu the 
figure. Since the discovery of an allied genus without cup, 
on examining the figure, I believe the artist did not mean to 
represent any cup, but merely six ribs to the limb with 
oblique margins, and I suspect that the plant was P. miniata, 
if so, very incorrectly sketched. The section with solid 
scape, shelly seeds, and tube without a cup, slides into the 
cup-bearing Pancratiform section by the affinity of Pentlandia 
to Urceolina and Stenomesson, and of Oporanthus to Chli- 
danthus and Clinanthus, (a name for which I propose to sub- 
stitute Clitanthes) the three latter with linear, the three former 
with petiolated leaves, marginally compressed backwards* 


* The leaves of Griffinia are compressed forwards. 


nilan (ea 
ALA Y A 


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aa 


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E g 
YA AA RA 


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69 


* DIPLOPELTIS Hugelii. 
Baron Hugel's Diplopeltis. 


POLYGAMIA MON(ECIA. 


Nat. ord. SAPINDACEX. 
DIPLOPELTIS. Flores polygamo-moneci. Sepala 5, estivatione im- 


bricata. Petala 4, versus latus superius floris flexa, «eestivatione imbricata. 
Discus dimidiatus, posticus, carnosus, truncatus, denticulatus, declivis. Stamina 
seepius 8, hypogyna, ascendentia, in floribus foemineis sterilia nana. Ovarium 
superum, 2-3-loculare, inflatum; ovula cuique loculo duo, funiculis propriis 
elongatis ascendentia; stylus tortilis, simplex. (Capsula 3-locularis, 3-parti- 
bilis, loculis monospermis; semina e funiculo longiusculo in arillum minimum 
expanso erecta. Embryo exalbuminosus, curvatus: cotyledones spiraliter convo- 
lutze, Endl.) 


D. Hugelii ; cinerea, pilosa, ramis teretibus, foliis cuneatis obtusis grossé den- 
tatis basi nunc pinnatifidis, paniculá terminali glandulosá, capsulá obcor- 
datà cinereà glandulosá apterá. 


A short notice of this very pretty plant has already been 
given at No. 70 of the miscellaneous matter of the present 
volume. For its introduction we are indebted to Mr. An- 
drew Toward, gardener to H. R. H. the Duchess of Glou- 
cester ; who obtained its seeds from the Swan River, where, 
according to Baron Hugel, it is found about the town of 
Freemantle; it had been previously raised at Vienna in 
that noble traveller's garden. 


It proves to be a hardy greenhouse shrub, growing about 
3 feet high, and flowering in April and May. It requires 
the same treatment as such Cape plants as Hebenstreitias, 
striking freely from cuttings of the young wood, and will 
bear to be planted out in the open border in summer. 


What gives this plant a very great interest, quite inde- 
pendent of its pretty appearance, is the difficulty of deter- 
mining in a satisfactory manner its natural affinities. It is 
one of those anomalous forms which stand intermediate as it 


* From d¿erdoc double, and zeArn a buckler; but the application of the name 
does not occur to me. 


were between more distinctly marked forms of structure, 
connecting them with each other, but not very obviously 
corresponding with any. 


It was originally supposed to be a Rutaceous plant, and 
the twisted style, the definite numbers among the several 
floral envelopes, and the few seeded ovary favoured this sup- 
position ; but when it was more exactly examined, the inde- 
hiscent fruit, unsymmetrical flowers, curved embryo, great 
hypogynous disk at the back of the stamens, and undotted 
leaves, were opposed to the opinion of its forming part of 
that order. 


Upon the publication of his Enumeration of Baron Hugel’s 
plants, Dr. Endlicher stationed the genus among Sapindacee, 
led to that conclusion it is to be presumed, by its unsym- 
metrical polygamous flowers, large disk, frequently 3-celled 
ovary, as also by the structure of the embryo, and the trace 
of an arillus found upon the seed. Its habits, however, 
correspond so ill with Sa e e that nothing but a very 
exact examination of characters would have led to its being 
stationed in that order. 


In the place above quoted, I suggested that it would 
prove to be an anomalous form of Capparidacez ; my reasons 
for which were, that it has altogether the habit of a Cleome, 
that its stipitate ovary, glandular hairs, declinate stamens, 
and especially its large dimidiate disk, are all in accordance 
with that order, with which the seeds do not materiall y 
disagree in structure. The objections however, to a reference 
of Diplopeltis to Capparidacee, namely, the discrepancy 
between the number of the sepals and petals, and the pluri- 
locular ovary are great; the latter in particular, in our 
present ignorance of the true value of characters, forms an 
obstacle to which the mere habit of a plant and circumstances 
of external structure are not equivalent. 


Upon the whole then I would agree to referring Diplo- 
peltis to Sapindacew, because it is more like that order than 
any thing else, but being stationed there it must be regarded 
as an outlying genus, tending to connect the order very 
closely with Capparidacez. 


Fig. 1 isa male flower, deprived of its petals; 2 is a 
female in the same state ; 3. is a vertical section of the ovary. 


before their full developement. Pentlandia has no connect- 
ing membrane, and the filaments, when pulled, snap off 
at the point of insertion. Urceolina hasa membrane adhering 
to the tube, but partible, and its edge discernible between 
the filaments; Stenomesson a free and dentate cup. Pent- 
landia and Stenomesson in habit and foliage are closely akin ; 
Urceolina flowers from between the leaves. Oporanthus (of 
which I have a two-flowered scape with two ripe capsules) 
has a naked tube, Chlidanthus a connecting irregularly den- 
tate membrane adhering to the tube, but partible ; Clitanthes 
a cup as perfect as that of Stenomesson. Urceolina and Chli- 
danthus, in which the cup is not manifest, but adhesive and 
imperfect or rather rudimentary, are therefore points from 
which the two sections diverge. The only known genera of 
this section are Pentlandia, Oporanthus, Sternebergia, and 
Gethyllis. Carpodetes has no immediate connexion with 
Stenomesson, with which Mr. Ker wished tounite it, but if it 
could merge in any other genus, that would be Coburghia, 
which in that case, having the priority, it would rather 
supersede.” 


For the whole of this article I have to express my obli- 
gations to the Honourable and Rev. William Herbert. 


December, 1839. 28 


MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES. 


*.* The Botanical memoranda published in the last 
volume of this work under the above title, have enabled me 
to bring before the public no fewer than 183 plants, the 
greater part of which are new, in addition to the 68 of which 
figures were published; so that no fewer than 251 plants 
have been the subject of illustration during a single year. 
I have reason to believe that this arrangement has proved 
advantageous to the purchasers of the Botanical Register, 
since it has been the means of informing them what the real 
character is of the new plants whose names are found in sale 
catalogues, and of enabling them to judge how far they may 
be deserving of being purchased. 

The experiment having thus far succeeded, it is now 
proposed to commence what I hope will be found an im- 
provement upon the plan, by adding to the notices of plants 
a short account of such new books or new discoveries, &c. in 
Horticulture and Botany, as are of sufficient importance or 
interest to deserve to be recorded. In order to gain space 
for this addition, a little alteration in the typographical 
arrangements has been found necessary. 


1, PLEUROTHALLIS pectinata ; folio oblongo acuto cochleato glauco caule 
ancipiti breviore, spicá simplici distichá in folium proná eoque breviore, 
bracteis membranaceis cucullatis ovarii longitudine, sepalis pubescentibus 
elongatis intermedio lineari lateralibus latioribus basi ventricosis approxi- 


matis omnino liberis, petalis lineari-lanceolatis, labello unguiculato oblongo 


basi pectinato apice truncato denticulato. 


A curious species, resembling P. prolifera in habit. It 
was obtained from Rio Janeiro by Messrs. Loddiges. The 
flowers are sea green, with a few deep purple spots at the 
base of the labellum. The leaf is so firm, and so much 
hollowed out, that it is capable of holding water, as if it were 


made of metal. 
A. January, 1839. a 


$ 


2. MAXILLARIA foveata ; foliis lanceolatis undulatis plicatis racemo triplò 
longioribus, bracteis linearibus sphacelatis ovario longioribus, sepalis peta- 
lisque lineari-oblongis obtusiusculis, labello postico oblongo apice trilobo : 
laciniá mediá rotundatá carnosá excavatá, disco ter aut quinquies sulcato. 


A new species from Demerara, for which I am obliged 
to Messrs. Loddiges. It is very near M. squalens, but has a 
different lip, and its flowers are of a pale uniform dull straw 
colour. They have a faint, and not unpleasant, smell. 


3. PLEUROTHALLIS strupifolia ; folio longissimo coriaceo obtuso lorato 
plano, racemis brevibus fasciculatis pendulis, floribus hiantibus pubescenti- 
bus, sepalo intermedio oblongo apice carnoso revoluto lateralibus semicon- 
natis majoribus porrectis intús maculis pilosis (!) notatis, petalis rhombeo- 
linearibus acutis, labello oblongo obtuso concavo nudo. 


This is the most remarkable species of the genus I have 
yetseen. Its leaves are like leather thongs, and full eighteen 
inches long. The flowers are dull purple and white, with 
patches of short deep purple hairs on the inside of the lower 
sepals. It was imported from Rio by Messrs. Loddiges. 


4. LALIA albida 3 pseudo-bulbis ovalibus diphyllis, foliis linearibus acutis 
spicá multiflora 4-pld brevioribus, sepalis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis vel sub- 
acuminatis petalisque latioribus acutis, omnibus apicibus reflexis fortiter 
mucronulatis ; labelli alte trilobi, tricostati lobis lateralibus erectis rotundatis 
intermedio duplo majore subrotundo obscure apiculato reflexo. Bateman 
in litt. 

* A native of the environs of Oaxaca, whence it was 
sent to me this spring by the Messrs. Sadler of that place. 
Its colour is quite a novelty in the genus, all the other 
species bearing rose-coloured or lilac flowers. [t has the 
graceful appearance of L. autumnalis, from which it can 
scarcely be distinguished in habit. [ts flowers are ver 
different in their form (as well as colour) from all the other 
species; they are about two inches across, sweet-scented, and 
excepting a bright yellow streak down the centre of the lip, 
and a few crimson dots at its base, are of a uniform semi- 
transparent white. It appears to be of easy cultivation, and 
the most free flowering individual of the genus." The fore- 
going memorandum has been communicated to me by Mr. 
Bateman. I have also received the plant from Mr. Harris. 
It will be figured hereafter in this work. 


"TM 


3 


5. BOLBOPHYLLUM fuscum; pseudobulbis oblongis obtusé tetragonis 
diphyllis, foliis lineari-oblongis patentibus emarginatis, spicá pedunculatá 
distichá ancipiti glabrá pendulá, bracteis ovatis cucullatis acutis coloratis 
distantibus florum longitudine sepalis triangularibus acutis, labello trilobo 
carnoso laciniá intermedia convexá rotundatá lateralibus brevioribus magis 

. membranaceis acutis serrulatis. 


Nearly related to B. tetragonum, like which species it is 
a native of Sierra Leone. The flowers are a deep dull 
chocolate colour, and are chiefly remarkable for the beauty 
of their anatomical structure. Like Liparis pendula they 
are studded with large transparent cells, containing raphides 
in cubical parcels, and they are moreover filled with short 
spiral vessels, so closely filled with air that it is difficult to 
drive it out even with the aid of theair-pump. Imported by 
Messrs. Loddiges. 


6. QUEKETTIA microscopica. A very singular little 
plant, with the habit of a Pleurothallis, and the pollen- 
masses of a Vandeous Orchidacea; more nearly allied to 
Rodriguezia than to any thing else, but quite different in 
habit, and essentially distinguished by its cylindrical peri- 
anth, and labellum not only parallel with the auriculate 
column throughout its whole length, but excavated at the 
base, and furnished there with two callosities like those of 
Spiranthes. Its leaves are terete, subulate, about three 
inches long, and beautifully mottled with light green, deep 
green, and purple. : 

Although this little plant is only a few inches high, and 
has no attractions for the vulgar eye, it is in some respects 
one of the most interesting 1 know, if examined microsco- 
pically. Nothing can be more beautiful than the fabric of 
the leaves below the epidermis, and it undoubtedly deserves 
more examination in this respect than 1 am at present able 
to give it. The flowers abound in raphides, clustered in 
cells larger than those which surround them, and of a diffe- 
rent colour, so that the flower, when examined with low 
powers of the microscope, looks as if it were dotted. I have 
observed this already in Liparis pendula (Bot. Reg. 1838, 
misc. no. 128.), and in Bolbophyllum fuscum, and it will 
probably be found a common structure in the sepals and 
petals of Orchidacee, as we already know it is in their leaves 
and stems. "The caudicula is excellently adapted to shew 


4 


the cellular nature of that part, and to explain upon what 
plan it is formed in other cases. 


QurkrTTiA ($ Vandem). Perianthium cylindraceum, sepalis linearibus «quali- 
bus basi gibbosis lateralibus connatis, petalis linearibus xquilongis. Label- 
lum oblongum, integrum, muticum, cum labello parallelum, basi excavatum 
bicallosum. Columna semiteres, erecta, apice utrinque auriculata. Anthera 
unilocularis. ^ Pollinia 2, posticé excavata; caudiculà lineari, glandulá 
minutá. Folia teretia maculosa. Panicula capillaris, 3-pollicaris. Flores 
parvi, flavi. Sepala linearia obtusa et labellum oblongum acutum cellula- 
rum majorum lutearum in medio raphidophorarum copiá repleta. Columna 
linearis, petalorum feré longitudine, auriculis acutis inflexis. 


It gives me great pleasure to name this curious plant 
after Edwin J. Quekett, Esq. F.L.S. an excellent Botanical 
Observer, and one of our most skilful vegetable anatomists. 
I am already indebted to that gentleman for some valuable 
facts concerning raphides; a plant, therefore, in which these 
crystals form a conspicuous part of the structure, may not be 
inappropriately selected to bear his name. 


7. CYCLOSÍA maculata, (Klotzsch in Allgem. Gartenzeitung, no. 39. 1838.) 
a supposed new Mexican Orchidaceous plant, appears to be Mormodes 
pardina. Bateman in Bot. Reg. 1838. misc. no. 176. 


GRUNDZÜGE, &c.—4 new theory of Vegetable Fertilization, by Stephen 
Endlicher. A pamphlet, Vienna, 1838. 

In consequence of the great resemblance between the 
pollen of perfect plants, and the spores (or seeds) of crypto- 
gamic plants, an opinion has arisen in Germany that the 
pollen does not possess any specific fertilizing influence, as 
has hitherto been believed, but that it is the seed of a 
plant in its youngest condition, and that it strikes into the 
stigma its roots, the tips of which eventually reach the ovule, 
and there complete their evolution. Schleiden and Wydler 
have already published their ideas upon this subject, and 
Mr. Endlicher declares himself an advocate of the same 
views. In the papers of the former physiologists, the 
supposed fertilizing influence of the pollen was disposed of ; 
but no attempt was made to shew in what the said influence 
resides, if not in the pollen. Mr. Endlicher supplies this 


omission by assigning that function to the papille of the 
stigma. : 


x 


DEENA e 


== 


5 


A Flora of North America ; arranged according to the Natural System, by 
John Torrey and Asa Gray. Vol. 1. part 1. New York, July 1838. 
The poor compilation by Pursh, and the meagre Flora 

Boreali-Americana of Michaux, are the only general works 

yet published upon the Flora of that vast part of the North 

American continent which lies north of Mexico; and neither 

of these works was written by an American. Most extensive 

materials for giving a good account of those varied regions 
have been accumulating for many years ; several excellent 
local Floras have been published in the United States, Sir 

Wm. Hooker's valuable work, the Flora Boreali-Americana, 

is a mine of information concerning the species inhabiting 

the British possessions, and the journeys of Douglas, Drum- 
mond, Nuttall, Coulter, and others, have produced a very 
considerable amount of information, of which little is yet 
published, concerning the Southern and once Spanish terri- 
tories. It is the purpose of Drs. Torrey and Gray to consoli- 
date these materials into three closely-printed octavo volumes, 
of about 550 pages each; and, to judge from the previous 
writings of these eminent Botanists, and from the present 
work, the task could not have been undertaken by more 
able men. I have as yet seen the first part only, which ex- 
tends from Ranunculacee to Caryophyllacee in De Can- 
dolle’s arrangement. It is written wholly in English, and 
is full of valuable original observations upon species, genera, 
and natural orders. The following is an interesting fact :— 

Nelumbium luteum. ‘‘ The tubers resemble those of the sweet 

potatoe, when boiled are as farinaceous and agreeable as the 

potatoe, and are employed for food by the Osage and other 

Western Indians.”” It is to be hoped that future numbers 

will contain more such remarks upon the useful qualities of 

plants, a subject which systematical Botanists have too often 
the bad habit of neglecting. People in this country will 
be surprised to find that our American friends suppose 

Berberis repens to be a variety of B. aquifolium ! 

House of Representatives, 25th Congress, 2nd Session, Rep. no. 564. Dr. 

Henry Perrine. Tropical Plants. 

This is an 8vo. pamphlet of 99 pages, containing various 
letters, reports, &c. connected with a memorial to the House 
of Representatives of the United States by Dr. Henry Perrine, 
consul of the United States at Campeachy, praying that the 
House will grant him a tract of land in Florida, ‘‘ for the 


6 


encouragement of the growth of new and important agricul- 
tural products, exotic vegetables, and tropical plants.” 
Such a document as this affords the best evidence of the care 
with which the American government attends to whatever 
may increase its resources, or contribute to the welfare of its 
people. It is noticed here partly for the intrinsic value of 
the information it contains, and partly because it may serve 
to shew to other governments that Botany leads to something 
of more practical importance than collecting dried speci- 
mens, or writing technical descriptions of species; both very 
useful things in their way, but not the most likely to inte- 
rest those who have the charge of public affairs. 

It appears that while Dr. Perrine was consul at Cam- 
peachy and Tabasco, he was officially instructed, by a circular 
from the United States Treasury, to aid the desire of the 
general government to introduce into the United States all 
such foreign trees and plants, of whatever nature, as might 
give promise, under proper cultivation, of flourishing and 
becoming useful. In obedience to these instructions, Dr. 
Perrine devoted his time and funds to enquiring into the 
resources of the provinces where he was stationed, and thus 
was led to acquire a knowledge of many very valuable facts, 
notwithstanding the extreme reluctance of the inhabitants to 
give Europeans any information concerning the natural pro- 
ductions of their country. Many useful plants and seeds 
were sent home from time to time; and, upon his return, 
the memorialist applied for the grant of a township in East 
Florida, south of 26° N. L. in which his experiments could 
be conducted ; and Congress acceded to his prayer. The 
Americans are therefore about to commence a grand experi- 
ment upon improving their almost uninhabited and worthless 
southern territories, of which they have between eighteen 
and twenty millions of acres ; and from the energy and good 
sense of Dr. Perrine, it could hardly have been intrusted to 
more able hands. In one part of his memorial there is the 
following passage, which deserves attention from those who 
are interested in tropical improvements. ‘ Many valuable 
vegetables of the tropics do actually propagate themselves in 
the worst soils and situations, in the sun and in the shade, 
where they arrive either by accident or design ; and for other 
profitable plants of the tropics, which require human skill 
and care, moisture is the equivalent to manure. Tropical 


— 


7 


cultivation essentially consists in appropriate irrigation, which 
goes far to counterbalance the sterility of the soil.” 

The following are extracts selected from among Dr. 
Perrine's reports :— 

** The Agave Americana is still called by travellers the 
American aloe; and Doctor Mease, with them, has been 
misled to suppose that this plant produces the Sisal hemp, 
and the Pita a much finer material: but the Agave Ameri- 
cana is dedicated to a very different production—the cele- 
brated drink called * Pu/que, derived from the sap of its 
stem ; and hence Maguey de Pulque is its common name in 
Mexico. A direct tax on the consumption of this beverage 
forms an important item in the revenue of that country. 
‘The entry duties paid in the three cities of Mexico, Tolusa, 
and Puebla, amounted, in 1793, to the sum of 817,739 
piastres.’ Humboldt was correct in affirming of the Maguey 
de Pulque, ‘ that its cultivation has real advantages over the 
cultivation of maize, grain, and potatoes; that it is neither 
affected by drought nor hail, nor the excessive cold which 
prevails in winter on the higher cordilleras of Mexico; that 
it grows in the most arid grounds, and frequently on banks 
of rocks hardly covered with vegetable earth ; and that it is 
one of the most useful of all the productions with which 
nature has supplied the mountaineers of equinoctial America.’ 
But it is not true that the same plant produces the very fine, 
very strong, and very long fibres, known by the name of 
Pita, from which the most beautiful sewing thread is made; 
nor does it furnish those coarser fibres for twine and cordage,, 
resembling Manilla, but denominated Sisal hemp. If tropical 
hemp be an admissible term for the latter, the former may be 
honoured with the distinction of tropical flax. The Iztla, 
whose thin leaves afford the pita, grows wild in the shade of 
the fertile forests of Tabasco. The Sosquil 6 Henequin, whose 
thick leaves yield the Sisal hemp, is cultivated in the sun of 
the sterile plains of Yucatan. The stem of neither supplies 
the drink which constitutes the principal value of the Agave 
Americana ; nevertheless, a variety of the Maguey de Pulque 
does grow on the tropical shores of the Gulf of Mexico, from 
which the highland soldiers have occasionally extracted their 
favourite beverage. Some of the cultivated Magueys 
brought from a plantation on the mountains to the garden of 
a gentleman in Campeachy, are there flourishing, notwith- 


8 


standing the difference in climate, and have produced shoots, 
which were by me transmitted to New Orleans. Humboldt 
says that this plant has become wild since the sixteenth cen- 
tury throughout all the South of Europe, the Canary Islands, 
and the Coast of Africa; and this fact supports my decided 
opinion that all the valuable species of the same genus may 
be successfully cultivated in our Southern States. 

“ Two varieties of that species, which I take the liberty 
to christen Agave Sisalana, have long been cultivated in the 
vicinity of Merida, on an extensive scale. Different quantities 
and qualities of fibres are obtained from several kinds of *sos- 
quil which grow spontaneously through the whole peninsula 
of Yucatan; but the planters give the preference to the Sacqui 
and Yazqui of the natives, or the whitish and greenish * Hene- 
quen? The young plants are placed about twelve Spanish 
feet apart, and during the first two years some labour is em- 
ployed to destroy the weeds between them. In the third 
year, the cutting of the lower rows of leaves is commenced, 
and every four months the operation is repeated. Each 
robust plant will thus give about seventy-five leaves annually, 
from which are extracted about seven pounds and a half of 
fibres, and will continue yielding these crops from five to ten 
years in succession ; it is, however, generally cut down as 
soon as one of the shoots from its roots has grown sufficiently 
to supply its place: its other offspring are previously re- 
moved to form new plantations. The hardiness of the shoots 
may be inferred from the fact that they are exposed to the 
sun fifteen or twenty days “to cicatrize their wounds,’ as a 
necessary preparation for replanting. The simplicity of their 
cultivation may be conceived from the statement that there 
is not a hoe, nor a spade, nor a harrow, nor a plough, em- 
ployed in the agriculture of all Yucatan. The facility of 
extracting the fibres from their leaves is shewn by the rude- 
ness of the instruments which are used by natives for that 
purpose : a triangular stick of hard wood, with sharp edges, 
from 24 to 27 inches long, and from one to two inches thick, 
is with them an equivalent to the shaving-knife of the 
curriers, by which they scrape away from each side of the 
leaf, on a board resting against the breast, the cuticle and 
pulpy substance that covers the fibres. Another mode of 
accomplishing the same object is, by pressing the sharp 
semilunar extremity of a long flat stick against any fixed sur- 


9 


face upon a narrow longitudinal strip of the leaf, which is’ 
then drawn through by the unemployed hand. The length, 
weight, strength, and other qualities of the fibres, as well as 
the labour of separating them, vary with the magnitude, age, 
and position of the leaves; but, when extracted, a few hours' 
exposure to the sun completes the preparation of the. Sisal 
hemp for manufactures and commerce. 

** The above brief sketch will shew that the bales of ex- 
ported Sisal hemp may contain materials of very different 
qualities; and that hence the opinions of its merits expressed 
by our merchants, our manufacturers, and our scientific men, 
must vary with the parcels that fall into their hands. The 
fibres of a single cultivated variety of the Agave Sisalana 
might be assorted like cotton for the foreign market, with 
denominations and prices corresponding to their relative 
value ; but the collectors for exportation, unconscious of the 
true interests of themselves or their country, not merely 
mingle the whole products of both the Sacqui and the Yaxqui, 
but add inferior qualities, obtained from wild varieties of the 
same, and even of different species ; and injure still further 
the reputation of this sample abroad, by including the worst 
proceeds of its imperfect dressings. . 

' The peninsula of Yucatan embraces the worst soils of 
any province of Mexico. It is principally composed of arid, 
cavernous limestone, and has not a river, brook, or spring 
within several hundred miles of the coast, beginning at 
Campeachy and running thence north to Sisal, east to Cape 
Catoche, and south down to Bacalar. Nature has, however, 
compensated the aridity of both soil and air by bestowing 
upon the indolent inhabitants very valuable plants, princi- 
pally composed of large succulent leaves, or long fleshy and 
fibrous leaves, which propagate themselves both on the stony 
surfaces of the interior and the sandy shores of the coast. 
Those species and varieties whose living leaves yield supe- 
rior substitutes for hemp, are the most remarkable, and the 
plants themselves are embraced by the natives under the 
generic name of vod im As the Spanish j has the sound 
of our h, the white or Spanish Mexicans epe: write the 
common name thus, Jenequen for Henequen. The coarse 
foliaceous fibres obtained from the green leaves of all the 
species are called by the generic name of Sosquil. The 
equivalent to this Mexican term for coarse foliaceous fibres 


A. January, 1839. b 


10 


is generally Grass-hemp in the mouth of an American. 
There are two varieties of cultivated Henequen, called Yash- 
qui and Sacqui by the natives; or the Greenish Henequen 
and the Whitish Henequen in the translation of the Spaniards. 
Both these are embraced by me under the denomination of 
Agave Sisalana. Taking the Yashqui for the type, its 
generic characters are as follows : corol bell-form ; segments 
converging and longer than the tube. Filaments very long, 
awl-shaped, and inserted into the base of the segments at or 
near the top of the tube. Style not half as long as the 
stamens, and is even very little elevated above the segments 
of the corol when its three-lobed stigma receives the pollen 
from the bursting anthers. The corol, stamens, and style 
continue all permanent on the germ; and the germ itself 
becomes a cylindrical capsule, which, opening at the top in 
three divisions, even splits the dried tube of the corol. Its 
specific character is sufficiently denoted by the smoothness 
of the edges of the leaves of the Yashqui. Indeed, when 
very young, it greatly resembles our indigenous Petre, or 
Yucca gloriosa of the Southern States. The leaves will 
average three feet long, yet they are frequently five feet long, 
with a thorn at the point. I once took the exact dimensions 
of a leaf five feet long. At fifteen inches from the point it 
was four inches wide and one-eighth of an inch thick ; at 
thirty inches it was five inches wide and two-eighths of an 
inch thick ; at forty-five inches again only four inches wide, 
but three-eighths of an inch thick; and at radical end 
merely three inches wide yet four-eighths of an inch thick. 
It will grow in any arid soil or situation, and propagate 
itself without cultivation. When the young plants are placed 
at six feet apart, the mature plants, after the second or third 
year, will produce, at the very least, 1200 pounds of Sisal 
hemp per acre. If it be the Sacqui, it will produce double 
that quantity. Two or three files of the lowest leaves may 
be cut two or three times yearly from the same plant, at any 
season, for several years, and for ever from the shoots which 
supply its place. From the letter of Don Santiago Mendez, 

ice-Governor of Yucatan, sufficient data can be obtained to 
caleulate the profit of a plantation of Sisal hemp. The paper 
of the Henequen Plant Company of Yucatan calculates the 
expense and profits of 36,000 plants as follows : total expense 
at the end of three years, 4541 dollars; total produce of the 
third year, 9015 dollars; divisible gains, 4479 dollars. 


> 


11 


** Pita de Guataca.— This plant grows wild in the greatest 
abundance, in the vicinity of the village of Guataca, in the 
province of Carthagena, where its leaves attain a length of 
nine to twelve feet, and a thickness of three to four inches. 
These leaves are linear-lanceolate, with recurved spines along 
the margins. The fruit is a triangular one-celled capsule, 
with few seeds. The leaves exceed in length those of the 
Bromelia Penguin, and of the Bromelia Karatas, both com- 
mon plants in the West Indies ; but in length and strength 
of foliaceous fibres, the Pita de Guataca excels both. It 
was introduced into Jamaica in 1831, with the view of pro- 
pagating it in the dry sandy savannahs of that island, which 
are at present uncultivated and unproductive. This fibrous 
substitute for hemp is preferred to common hemp, on account 
of its superiority in lightness, strength, and Wiss 
especially under the influence of water or moisture. In 
point of offal, compared with common hemp, the advantage 
is enormous in favour of the Pita hemp. 

* It has been calculated that three tons of Pita will make 
as much cordage, sail, or other cloth, as fifteen tons of 
undressed hemp. In 1834 the quantity of hemp and flax, 
from Russia into England alone, was estimated at 25,000 
tons; by substituting Pita, at least 74,000 acres of the 
actual wastes of the West India colonies would be put under 
lucrative culture. As to the difference in weight, between 
equal bulks of Pita and common hemp, Dr. Hamilton has 
ascertained it to be one-sixth in favour of the Pita ; and 
hence, taking the weight of the standing and running rig- 
ging of a man-of-war made of hemp at twelve tons, a reduc- 
tion of two tons in the top weight would be effected by the 
substitution of Pita. Under the operation of the emanci- 
pating laws in the British West Indies, the white planters 
will be forced to propagate fibrous-leaved plants on their 
poorest soils, especially because in their preparation for 
market, horse power can be substituted more profitably and 
certainly for human power. Doctor Hamilton supposes this 
Pita de Guataca to belong to a genus between Guzmannia 
and Pourrettia. He speaks also of another plant, called 
Pita de Sola, which grows in large quantities at Sola, is 
probably a species of Agave, and yields coarser, browner, or 


inferior fibres.” 


B. February, 1839. d 


12 


FROZEN POTATOES. 


In a memoir laid some months ago before the Institute 
of France, M. Payen, the celebrated chemist, made some 
valuable observations upon the subject of frozen Potatoes, 
which are usually considered useless, and are consequently 
thrown away. As it appears from his investigations that 
Potatoes are in no material degree injured by frost, but that 
they are as nutritious after being frozen as before, and in 
some respects more useful as food, I translate literally the 
report made to the Institute by Messrs. Turpin and Dutrochet 
upon a subject of such vast importance to mankind ; pre- 
mising only that it is the starch of the Potatoe which gives 
it its nutritive qualities. r 

Frozen potatoes are usually, after being thawed, thrown 
away as altogether unfit for food, even for cattle; they are 
found to have acquired an acrid taste, and the makers of 
starch know by experience that they do not yield more than 
3 or 4 per cent. of starch instead of 16 or 17 per cent. which 
they furnish in their uninjured state. M. Payen endeavoured 
to ascertain the cause of this difference. It might be 
supposed that the effect of a thaw would be to alter the 
amylaceous matter, in consequence of which it might become 
soluble. But M. Payen satisfied himself, by exact and 
positive experiments, that thawed potatoes and those in the 
natural state each contain exactly the same proportion of 
soluble and insoluble matter. This being so, there ought to 
be as much starch in a potatoe after being frozen as before ; 
and consequently M. Payen suspected that the loss of starch 
experienced by the starch-maker in frozen potatoes was 
owing to some mechanical obstacle which opposes the ex- 
traction and separation of this substance. This idea was 
confirmed by a microscopical examination of the tissue of 
the potatoe, thawed and rasped down. We know that the 
starch is contained in the cells or vesicles of parenchyma, of 
which the potatoe is composed ; the rasp, by tearing open 
the cells, sets the starch at liberty. It is obvious that if the 
rasp produces such an effect, the cells must be fixed firmly in 
the tissue ; otherwise they would be only torn asunder by 
the teeth of the rasp, and the starch which they contain 
could not get out of the cells. Now M. Payen discovered 
that this actually happens when a potatoe is successively 


a. e be +-— uc MMNMREDLUL LT 


13 


frozen and thawed ; the cells forming the tissue are separated 
from each other and lose their cohesion, instead of being 
firmly agglutinated together as in their sound state ; and 
consequently the rasp is unable to tear the cells in pieces, 
but separates them from each other whole, without allowing 


the starch they contain to escape. A small number only of 


the cells are lacerated, and it is they which yield what starch 
the manufacturer obtains from them, a quantity which 
scarcely amounts to 3 per cent. The principal part of the 
starch remains locked up in the pulp which is thrown away. 

M. Payen was led incidentally to notice the different 
proportions of starch lodged in the different parts of a 
potatoe; and he found that the smallest quantity exists in 
the centre, which is separated by a circular row of fibres from 
the outer part, which is the true bark of the tuber. The 
latter, or cortical part, which abounds in starch, is divided 
from the epidermis by a thinner tissue, in which is almost 
exclusively deposited the acrid and venomous matter of the 
plant, and which is entirely without starch. 

This observation explained to M. Payen the cause of 
frozen potatoes being acrid and strong tasted. In their sound 
state the acrid matter contained in the rind of the potatoe is 
not mixed with the other fluids of the parenchyma of the 
tuber; but when frost has separated the cells of the paren- 
chyma, the fluid then extravasated flows into their interstices, 
and the acrid and venomous matter dissolved by them par- 
takes of the general diffusion; it is the physical effect of 
the tendency which fluids placed in contact have to mix with 
each other. 

Proceeding from these observations M. Payen has ex- 
amined in what manner frozen potatoes can be turned to 
some useful purpose. As they have not lost any part of their 
starch, they ought to preserve, after being thawed, all their 
alimentary qualities, if they are quickly dried after having 
been properly prepared. M. D'Orbigny states, that in Peru 
this mode of preserving potatoes for food is commonly em- 
ployed. The Peruvians cause the tubers to be frozen on 
their mountains, and then bring them down into their valleys, 
where the heat rapidly dries them; and in this state of desic- 
cation they preserve tlteir nutritive property for an indefinite 


time. 
It would therefore appear not only that potatoes when 


14 


frozen may be advantageously employed for food if rapidly 
dried ; but the still more important consequence is to be de- 
duced from the observations of M. Payen, that by killing 
potatoes by exposure to frost, and then rapidly drying them, 
the superabundance of a good potatoe harvest may be pre- 
served to meet the wants of a deficient crop in future years. 


8. OBERONÍA recurva ; acaulis, foliis brevibus acutis, racemo recurvo mul- 
tifloro, bracteis ovatis integris, petalis obovatis subdentatis, labello subro- 
tundo quadrilobo denticulato mucrone interjecto. 

Bombay has produced this curious little plant, which was 
sent overland to Messrs. Loddiges. It has a pendulous ra- 
ceme, scarcely more than an inch long, consisting of minute 
densely imbricated green flowers. Its nearest affinity seems 
to be with O. Wightiana, m. an unpublished species from 
Madras, of which tlie following is the character. 


9. OBERONIA Wightiana ; acaulis, foliis ensiformibus, racemo erecto multi- 
floro, bracteis ovatis integris, petalis linearibus, labelli quadrilobi lobis late- 
ralibus rotundatis integris intermediis elongatis truncatis apice denticulatis. 


10. MEGACLINÍUM oxypterum ; pseudobulbis monophyllis acutissimé 4-5- 
gonis oblongis, folio oblongo coriaceo caulis sine rachi longitudine, rachi 
ensiformi arcuatá crispatá apice tetragoná pyramidali, bracteis reflexis, sepalis 
lateralibus ovatis intermedio lineari acuminatissimo, petalis nanis linearibus 
falcatis, labello crasso linguiformi apice recurvo margine pone basin fimbriato. 
A fine species of this very curious genus, obtained from 

Sierra Leone by Messrs. Loddiges. It is most nearly related 

to M. maximum, from which its sharp-angled pseudo-bulbs 

at once distinguish it. 


Pi PLEUROTHALLÍS bicarinata; folio oblongo coriaceo planiusculo levi- 
ter carinato basi subcordato petiolo acuté canaliculato univaginato breviore, 
sepalis linearibus squalibus lateralibus carinatis ad apicem feré connatis, 
sepalis lineari-obovatis minuté serratis glabris, labello obovato carnoso medio 
exarato denticulo inflexo utrinque prope basin. 

A native of Brazil, and imported by Messrs. Loddiges. 
The leaf is five inches long, the petiole six, with a large 
withered sheath in the middle. The flowers are dull greenish 
yellow, not unlike those of P. saurocephala. 


12. SCHOMBURGKÍÁ marginata. . 


_ This most beautiful Orchidaceous plant, of which there 
i$ a figure in the Sertum Orchidaceum, t. 13, and of which 


— — T d 


15 


so many plants were brought to England in 1834 by Mr. 
Lance, has at length flowered in this country, with Thomas 
Brocklehurst, Esq. of the Fence near Macclesfield, who re- 
cently imported it from Surinam. The flowers were much 
paler in their colours than those of the plant in its native 
country, but this was doubtless owing to the dark season of 
the year. 


13. EPIDENDRUM (HORMIDIUM) uniflorum ; rhizomate moniliformi, 
floribus solitariis, sepalis petalisque linearibus acuminatis incurvis, labello 
trilobo columne adnato laciniis lateralibus rotundatis erectis intermedia tri- 
angulari acuminatá, sepalis lateralibus labello suppositis eique adnatis. 


A Mexican plant of no beauty, with yellowish green 
flowers, imported by George Barker, Esq. of Birmingham. 

The genus Epidendrum 1 once thought very natural ; 
but it is now becoming so very extensive, that it comprehends 
plants with extremely different habits, and it is daily be- 
coming more desirable for it to be divided. But great as is 
the diversity of appearance among the species, there is a 
singular uniformity in the structure of their flowers, and it 
is not a little remarkable that such differences as exist can 
scarcely he said to be connected with corresponding diffe- 
rences in the organs of vegetation ; so that, as far as I am 
at present able to discover, if Epidendrum is broken up, by 
means of characters taken from such modifications as are 
employed for the definition of other genera, the new groups 
are scarcely more natural than the old one. For this reason 
I have suppressed the genera Auliza and Amphiglottis 
of Salisbury, and the Encyclia of Sir William Hooker, as 
genera depending upon mere differences of habit and not of 
fructification. For instance, Encyclia has the labellum sepa- 
rate from the column; and if this were always connected 
with the pseudo-bulbous stem and panicled inflorescence of 
many of the species, it would be an excellent character ; 
but Æ. equitans, smaragdinum, and others, have the disunited 
lip with an entirely different mode of growth; this is espe- 
cially the case with the beautiful Æ. bicornutum.. So with 
Auliza of Salisbury, the type of which is E. ciliare ; this 
supposed genus was distinguished by there being a long 
fistular cavity proceeding from the base of the lip down the 
ovary, or, in other words, by its labellum being calcarate, 
and the calcar consolidated with the ovary, as happens in 


16 


Pelargonium ; but the same character exists in £. vesicatum, 
which has no resemblance to E. ciliare. With regard to the 
Mexican plant recently published by Messrs. Knowles and 
Westcott under the name of Prosthecia or Epithecia glauca, 
I fear it must be united with Epidendrum, for it does not 
differ from the greater part of the Encyclia division in 
any essential circumstance; the columna is by no means 
“nana” in the sense in which that word is employed by 
Botanists, and the process at the back of the apex of the 
column is common in numerous species of Epidendrum, 
(rigidum for instance); and is what, when thinned away, 
forms a hard or petaloid scale at the back of the column in 
such plants as E. ciliare, clavatum, nocturnum, cucullatum, 
and many others. 

It is for reasons of this kind that I hesitate actually to 
separate the curious little-plant which has given rise to these 
remarks. Its necklace-shaped pseudo-bulbs placed upon a 
creeping rhizoma give it a peculiar habit, and have suggested 
its name, (ópuos, a necklace); and it is capable of being 
defined with apparent precision by the union of the anterior 
sepals with the base of the labellum, to which I know of no 
parallel in the genus Epidendrum, except in the case of 
Epidendrum pygmeum and E. cespitosum, plants with a 
similar habit, and no doubt belonging to the same section, 
subgenus, or genus, whichever Hormidium may eventually 
become. 


14. BRASAVOLA grandiflora ; folio (plano ?) angusté lanceolato rigido la- 
bello maximo subrotundo-quadrato acuminato ungue longiore, sepalis peta- 
lisque linearibus acuminatissimis. 

Flowers of this, which is much the finest species of 
Drasavola yet known, have been lately received from Hon- 
duras by the Hon. W. F. Strangways. The limb of the 
labellum, which is white, is considerably larger than a half- 
crown, and the sepals and petals are nearly three inches 
long. Those who have commercial relations with Belize 
should make a point of obtaining this beautiful plant from 
their correspondents. It resembles a gigantic specimen of 
Br. nodosa. 


17 


15. PONERA graminifolia, (Nemaconia graminifolia, Knowles and Westcott, 
Floral Cabinet, p. 127); folis lineari-lanceolatis planis, labello oblongo 
acuto apice recurvo. : 

In the Genera and Species of' Orchidaceous plants, p. 113, 

a genus was established under the name of Ponera, (from 
rrovnpos, miserable, vile, alluding to the wretched appearance 
of the species) from a Mexican plant in the herbarium of 
Mr. Lambert. As I had originally no opportunity of criti- 
cally examining the structure of the plant, further than was 
afforded by the dissection of a single dried flower, its cha- 
racter was not very complete; and I presume the trifling 
differences which exist between this species and the descrip- 
tion in the above work, are owing to imperfect observations 
in the latter case. They have however led Messrs. Knowles 
and Westcott to suppose that this plant forms a new genus, 
an error which | hasten to correct. Having received flowers 
of it from Mr. Barker, I find that it agrees in every essential 
particular with the structure of P. juncifolia; so nearly 
indeed that, if the leaves of the two were not very different, 
some doubt might be entertained of their being specifically 
different. P. graminifolia is a plant of no beauty, and ;1s 
chiefly remarkable for having the scabrous stems, which are 
so conspicuous in the elegant Arpophyllum spicatum from the 
same country. 


16. ARPOPHYLLUM spicatum, La Llave. 

One of the most graceful and beautiful of the Mexican 
Orchidaceze; it has recently reached England in a living state. 
The stem is slender, and a foot or foot and half high, with 
the sheaths as rough as shagreen leather ; it is terminated 
by one long curved leaf, from the axil of which there curves, 
in an opposite direction, a dense spike of pink or palo papie 
flowers. It is a species of great rarity even in Mexico, 
where it has hitherto been only seen at Sultepec and near 
Arimbaro, growing upon trees. The genus belongs to Epi- 
dendrez, near Ponera, and not to Vandez. 


HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S GARDEN. 

All who are interested in the cultivation of exotic plants, 
will be glad to learn that the Horticultural Society of London 
are about to erect a most extensive conservatory in their 
garden at Chiswick. The range will be nearly 500 feet 


18 


long, running east and west, with a front both to the north 
and south; the roof will be constructed entirely of iron, 
glazed with patent sheet glass, and will have the form of a 
Gothic arch. The west wing, rather more than 180 feet 
long and 27 feet high, has been contracted for by Messrs. 
D. and E. Baileys of Holborn, and will probably be com- 
pleted by the middle of May. The whole range, when 
executed, will be one of the most extensive in the world. 
No association of individuals has ever introduced so large a 
quantity of beautiful and useful plants into this country, as 
have been procured by the funds of the Horticultural Society 
of London; but those plants have necessarily been confined 
very much to hardy species, in consequence of the want of 
extensive glass-houses. It is now to be expected that green- 
house and stove plants, especially the former, will become a 
great object of attention with the Society ; the effect of which 
will doubtless be to improve the ornamental character of 
tender plants in the same degree as that of hardy collections. 
Few persons know how many objects are within their reach, 
the beauty of which is far beyond any thing now in our 
gardens, and that only require space in which to grow them. 
The following account of the Pisonai, which it is to be hoped 
will be one of the first novelties established in the Society’s 
new conservatory, will serve to illustrate this assertion. 

** The Pisonai Tree.—This is one of the most magnificent 
trees, both in foliage and flower, perhaps that exists. It 
appears to have been introduced during the Inca dynasty 
into the vallies of Cusco, where, in a climate the mean tem- 
perature of which is 60° Fahr., it attains such a size as I 
have never witnessed in the largest of our European forest 
trees. It was generally planted about villages; in that of 
Yucay, the country residence of the latter Incas, eight leagues 
from Cusco, there exist specimens of it five fathoms in cir- 
cumference, and nearly seventy feet high; the foliage, of a 
deep green, is thick and spreading, the leaf in shape some- 
thing like the Cinchonas; it flowers in December, and is 
then one mass of carnation colour. I think it might be 
naturalized in the south of Europe, and in our greenhouses; 
the elevation of the places where I have seen it grow to the 
greatest size, above the sea, are respectively 9500 and 9680 


feet." — Extract of a letter from J. B. Pentland, Esq. to the 
Hon. W. F. Strangways. | E 


19 


17. HUNTLEYA violacea. Sertum Orchid. t. 26. ined. 

Of this superb plant a specimen has flowered with Messrs. 
Loddiges, which will be figured in the Sertum in the course 
of a few months. The flowers are a deep rich violet, darker 
than the darkest part of Zyzopetalum Mackaü; they are 
between two and three inches in diameter, and are tipped 
with greenish yellow, melting downwards into white, which 
soon confounds itself with the general tint of rich violet. 


18. JUNIPERUS squamosa (Wallich). 

This fine species of Indian Juniper has been raised in the 
garden of the Horticultural Society. It has remarkably 
rigid leaves, curved inwards at the point; is described by 
Dr. Royle as extremely common on such mountains as Choor 
and Kedarkanta, at the height of 11,000 feet, and elsewhere; 
and is no doubt quite hardy. 


19. HOVEA crispa ; ramis gracilibus pilosis, foliis ovato-oblongis mucronatis 
margine crispis utrinque pilosis, pedunculis subternis petiolorum longitu- 
dine, bracteolis sub calyce setaceis, calyce villoso, ovario pedicellato glabro 


4-spermo. 


A native of the Swan River Colony, raised two years ago 
in the garden of R. Mangles, Esq. at Sunning Hill; it forms 
a bush two feet high, with small purple flowers, usually 
growing in threes, and producing a pretty effect. It flowers 
in February. I do not find it among the dried collections 


from this colony. 


20. CHEIROSTYLIS parvifolia ; foliis ultra vaginam petiolatis ovatis acutis 
undulatis, labelli apice subrotundo 4-dentato callis baseos bipartitis, columná 


minima processibus rectis liberis ipsi zqualibus. 

Herba tenera, zeylanica, 3-pollicaris; caule stricto, tereti, retrorsum piloso apice 
nudo bracteato. Folia 4, distantia, superné sensim minora; vaginata, 
glabra, ultra vaginam petiolata ; limbo ovato, undulato, acuto, rubro-viridi, 
4 lineas longo. Flores 3, terminales, minuti, albi, pedicellati, corymbosi ; 
bracteis linearibus acuminatis rufis, pedicellis longioribus. Ovarium ob- 
pyramidale, piloso-glandulosum. Sepala clausa ultra medium connata, 
glabra, basi paulo ventricosa, obtusiuscula, apice virentia. Petala retror- 
sum falcata, retusa, sepalo supremo agglutinata. Labellum sepalis parum 
longius, liberum, canaliculatum, versus apicem constrictum, apice subro- 
tundum, concavum, trilobum : lobis lateralibus emarginatis; callis baseos 
incurvis, lucidis, subvirentibus, bipartitis. Ante columnam processus duo, 
liberi, erecti, carnosi, stigmatis longitudine, eique omninó paralleli. Columna 
minima, libera, basi labelli fere abdita, stigmate bipartito. Pollinia 4, pul- 
verea, glandule lineari acute inter brachia stigmatis prominenti, agglutinata, 


C. March, 1839. d 


20 


This very interesting, but inconspicuous plant was ob- 
tained by Messrs. Loddiges from Ceylon. It is a new species 
of the genus Cheirostylis, of which one only had been before 
described by Dr. Blume, and of that I have never been so 
fortunate as to see specimens. In general aspect it is like 
a minute Goodyera, G. querceticola for instance; but it differs 
from that genus, firstly, in having the sepals united into a 
tube enclosing the petals and labellum; secondly, in the ab- 
sence of a pouch from the lip, and, as far as has yet been 
observed, from all other genera of Neottiew in having a pair 
of fleshy processes, analogous to what we find in Habenaria, 
standing freely in front of the column. This fact is the more 
interesting to those who occupy themselves with organo- 
graphy, because it proves that the calli found so constantly 
at the base of the lip of Spiranthes are not analogous to those 


processes as might be suspected : for in this Cheirostylis the 
calli and processes are both present. 


21. SCAPHYGLOTTIS reflexa ; foliis semiteretibus supra planis sulcatis 
apice integerrimis, sepalis lateralibus ovato-triangularibus reflexis, petalis 


linearibus obtusis, labello oblongo-emarginato obtusissimo undulato medio 
refracto. 


A branching, straggling plant, with slender leaves, and 
solitary, pale, dull-yellow flowers, with a crimson stain along 
the middle of the lip. Like the rest of the genus it is a 


species quite destitute of beauty. It was obtained by Messrs. 
Loddiges from Demerara. 


22. MACRADENIA mutica ; foliis coriaceis lineari-lanceolatis dorso convexis, 
racemo prostrato trifloro bracteis oblongis obtusis cucullatis pedicellis equa- 
libus, labello cordato-ovato acuto basi cucullato medio transverse calloso, 
clinandrio serrato, rostello mutico. 

Folia solitaria, lineari-lanceoláta, coriacea, avenia, dorso convexa, caulibus bre- 
vibus compressis teretibus insidentia. Racemus radicalis, 3-florus, debilis; 
bracteis brevibus, cucullatis, striatis, sphacelatis. Flores sordidé albi, 
rubro levissime tincte. Sepala et petala «equalia, linearia, acuta, expla- 
nato-patentia. Labellum cum columná parallelum, nec articulatum, cordato- 
ovatum, acutum, basi cucullatum ; callo elevato canaliculato transverso. Co- 
lumna semiteres, labello dupló brevior; clinandrio cucullato denticulato. 
Anthera parva, in fundo cuculli, 2-locularis, cristata. Pollinia 2, cau- 
dicula brevilineari. Rostellum nullo modo elongatum. 


A small plant, with dingy white flowers, which flowered 
with Mr. Knight, of the King's Road, in: August 1835. It 
is said to be a native of Trinidad. It is chiefly remarkable 
for being destitute of the attenuated rostellum and conse- 


—À 
t Ó— Ce 


21 


quent prolongation of the anther point, from which the name 
of the genus was formed by Dr. Brown. 


23. PINUS docarpa. Schiede. 

As cones of this species of Pinus have lately been re- 
ceived by the Horticultural Society from Mexico, and distri- 
buted among the Fellows, I extract the following particulars 
concerning it from the account given of the species by 


Professor Schlechtendahl. 
It was found by Schiede in abundance between Ario and - 


the volcano of Jorullo, not merely in the usual pine region, 
but also in warm districts, in company with the Fan Palm. 
It forms a tree from 30 to 40 feet high. The leaves are from 
eight to eleven inches long; the cones grow singly, and the 
species is nearly related to Pinus Montezume. 

It is to be presumed that it will prove one of the less 


hardy species. 


24. PINUS Llaveana. Schiede. 

This species, now for some time in England, and which 
resisted the winter so well in 1837-8, although it looks more 
like a shrub than a tree in our gardens, is stated by the same 
author to form a tree 30 feet high,  Schiede found whole 
woods of it between Zimapan and Real del Oro, and also 
cultivated occasionally in gardens. The seeds are sold in 
the markets of Mexico as pignons, and are said to be excel- 
lent. Professor Schlechtendahl states that the cone figured 
in Mr. Loudon's Arboretum Britannicum, as belonging to 
this species, is probably that of Pinus patula. The true cone 
is given in the Pinetum Woburnense. 


ORCHIDACEZ OF BRAZIL. 


The following is a free translation of M. Descourtilz's 
MSS. account of the Orchidacez of Brazil, and I am sure it 
will be read with interest by every one occupied, in however 
slight a degree, in the cultivation of this singular and beau- 
tiful race of plants. 

It is in the bosom of the vast solitudes of America that 
these, the most diversified of plants, spring up, flower, and 
perish. The entire life of a man, though devoted to their 


22 


special study, would never finish their examination, so prodi- 
gious is the variety of their species, many of which are only 
seen after the fall of the protector upon which they lived. 

There is no part of Brazil, no latitude, no elevation above 
the sea, where are not to be found Orchidacee as different 
from each other as the conditions under which they grow. 
Some bask in the heat of the plains, others luxuriate in the 
agreeable freshness of a stream of water, attaching them- 
selves to the branches of the trees which cover the waves 
with a verdant grotto; and others, real children of the mist, 
delight in a drizzling atmosphere, and support with ease 
the violence of stormy winds, and the often icy coldness of 
the Serras, whether stationed within a few feet of the earth, 
or swinging in the air from the boughs of the ancient 
patriarchs of the forest. Some grow in deep recesses and 
gloomy arcades, where there is a perpetual circulation 
of a damp and heated atmosphere; others, on the contrary, 
prefer the open glades, or Rocas, where some fallen trees, 
whose own foliage has perished, supply them with a scanty 
but sufficient nourishment. 

7 It is impossible to form an idea of a tropical forest by the 

woods of Europe, where the ivy is the only parasite which 
finds a permanent support.. The Sertoes, or virgin woods, 
- which cover a part of America, present the traveller with 
scenery incomparable for its majestic character, and rich 
variety.. Who is there that would not be astonished at find- 
ing himself amidst a vegetation, of which each individual 
struggles with its neighbour for existence, darting up, eagerly 
searching for. the light of a cloudless sun and a purer air, 
only to be found at a prodigious elevation, and leaving dark- 
ness and water at their feet. It is here that trees of patri- 
archal age perish in the embrace of enormous climbers which 
overwhelm and bear them down, and which are some- 
times carried overhead like cables, in other cases interlaced 
like the meshes of a net, and not unfrequently stand like 
lofty leaf-capped columns of spiral open-work, after the trees 
about which they have writhed themselves have fallen to decay 
within their grasp. 

Amidst this forest of ropes of sylvan rigging, grow in- 
numerable Ferns, which hang down in plumes, or festoons, or 
the gayest lacework, vast quantities of Araceous plants, and 
especially Tillandsias, forming broad patches of. verdure 


23 


upon a sombre ground. In the midst of airy garlands of 
Aristolochias, Bignonias, Convolvuluses, and Passion-flowers 
live the Orchidacez, each particular species of which seems 
to haunt its own peculiar plant. Thus the Epidendrum of the 
Cinchona refuses to live in the branches of the Lecythis and 
Couratari, notwithstanding that the seeds of these epiphytes 
are scattered indiscriminately by the wind. Other tribes 
again are always from free Orchidacex, as the huge trunks 
of Malvaceous trees, Isoras, Carolineas, Plantains, and Palms. 

It is chiefly at the time of flowering that Orchidacee 
become remarkable in their native haunts, and then less 
for the diversity of their forms, or the gaudiness of their 
colours, than for the exquisite perfume which most of them 
exhale. It is thus that I have often been led to the disco- 
very of charming species, lurking amidst the foliage, and 
which my eye would never have detected. 

Changes of seasons are announced with the greatest regu- 
larity by the Orchidaceous epiphytes, many of which expand 
their blossoms amidst hurricanes and torrents of rain which 
deluge the earth at certain seasons; but seem struck with 
torpor when the sky recovers its serenity. 


HORSE CHESNUTS POISONOUS. 


It is not often that facts in natural history can be gleaned 
from novels; the following note however, furnished by Dr. 
Bird, upon the /Esculus Ohiotensis figured in this work, 
plate 51, for the year 1838, is so remarkable that it deserves 
to be brought under the notice of naturalists ; the more espe- 
cially because it affords an additional reason for recombining 
the natural order ZEsculacex with the often poisonous Sapin- 
dacez. | : 

* The Buck-eye, or American Horse Chesnut, seems to 
be universally considered in the West a mortal poison; both 
fruit and leaves. Cattle affected by it, are said to play many 
remarkable anties, as if intoxicated, turning, twisting, and 
rolling about and around, until death closes their agonies."— 
Nick of the Wood, vol. 1. p. 225. Engl. ed. 

Pinetum Woburnense, or a Catalogue of the Coniferous Plants in the col- 
lection of the Duke of Bedford at Woburn Abbey, systematically 
arranged. 1839. 

Under the modest title of ** Catalogue" this work, of 
which only 100 copies have been printed for private distri- 


24 


bution, contains a detailed account of all the species of 
Conifer known to cultivators. It forms an imperial 8vo. 
volume of 226 pages, and is illustrated by 67 coloured plates, 
exclusive of a frontispiece representing a fine old specimen 
of the Silver Fir, in the park at Woburn, lithographed after 
a charming drawing by Lady Charles Russell. This new 
proof of the generous spirit with which the Duke of Bedford 
promotes his favourite science, is the more acceptable at the 
present time, ¡when so many persons are cultivating those 
majestic forms of vegetation in which the Coniferous order 
abounds, and when so much attention has been excited by 
their exceeding beauty as objects of forest scenery, indepen- 
dently of their value to the landholder as a source of wealth, 
not second even to that of the Oak. 

Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Proceedings of the 

Committee of Commerce and Agriculture. 1831. 

This is a most important and interesting document. In 
the year 1837, or thereabouts, some active members of this 
Society began to call the attention of the Council to the 
great importance of ascertaining the best method of develop- 


ing the commercial resources of India; and in pursuance of | 


their recommendations money was subscribed, and a Com- 
mittee was appointed to conduct the enquiry. It is sufficient 
to say that Sir Charles Forbes was Chairman, and Mr. Holt 
Mackenzie, Professor Royle, General Briggs, Col. Sykes, &c. 
Members of this Committee, to shew the importance that was 
attached to the subject, and the excellent materials of which the 
sub-association consisted. Subsequently Mr. Holt Macken- 
zie became Chairman, and Professor Royle, Secretary; the 
organization of the Committee was completed, Mr. Edward 
Solly, Jun. an excellent chemist, was appointed assistant, and 
business was entered upon in earnest. The proceedings of 
the year 1838 form the subject of the pamphlet at the head 
of this article, and he must be blind indeed who does not 
see that there was urgent necessity for its formation. India 
is the most extensive of all our foreign possessions, its soil and 
climate the most varied, and its resources at least as ample 
as those of the whole continent of North America. And yet 
the natural powers of the country have been brought so little 
into action, that a person ignorant of facts might well con- 
elude that her resources were nothing. Whether we look to 
those productions of the soil which require a temperate 


EN a. ce SPEM 


pu 


-gi im: t p 


25 


climate, or to such as demand the heat and rains of the 
tropics, all have been alike neglected with the exception of 
Sugar and Indigo. For Tea we have continued to trust to the 
Chinese, although vast regions in our own possession are 
suitable to its production, and we probably would have still 
remained supine had not the Chinese monopoly been wisely 
broken through. The raw Cotton of Bengal has, with a few 
exceptions, been the most worthless in the market; in 1833 
that of Surat was sold in the Liverpool market as low as 43d. 
a pound, while the worst Carthagena Cotton was worth 7d. 
a lb.; and in 1832 little more than 18,000,000 lbs. of East 
India Cotton was consumed in England and Scotland, while 
the consumption of American Cotton amounted at the same 
time to above 212 millions of pounds. And so of Tobacco; 
while in the year 1834 nearly 21 millions of pounds paid 
duty in the United Kingdom, the importation from the East 
Indies was so small that there was in the market no price 
for Indian samples. (Macculloch.) And yet there cannot be 
the slightest doubt that India alone might have furnished the 
whole British consumption of these articles, if their cultiva- 
tion had been properly directed. ; 

The subjects which have hitherto received the attention 
of the Committee are in the first place Caoutchouc. This 
valuable substance has as yet been obtained chiefly from 
Para; and when in the year 1828 samples of it were sent 
from Assam to one of the principal agency houses at Calcutta, 
no opinion could be given of its value, although it was at 
that time selling in London at two shillings a pound. But 
in Sylhet, one of the poorest and most unproductive of our 
Indian provinces, there are forests of trees yielding this sub- 
stance, as was long since stated by Dr. Roxburgh; and now 
that attention has béen called to its value, it appears that 
*' several individuals are engaged in collecting it, and that 
enough will be doubtless procured to meet all the demands 
of this country.” One person alone is reported to have col- 
lected 80,000 lbs. weight in a single year, in Lower Assam. 

Other subjects of enquiry have been the vegetable secre- 
tions yielding tannin, in which India is known to abound, 
the production of cotton, silk, salt fish, medicinal plants, timber, 
lime juice; oil seeds, dyeing substances, &c. and it would appear 
that in all these branches of trade India possesses ample re- 
sources well adapted to commercial purposes. 


26 


lt is to be hoped that such an enquiry as this will be 
amply supported, for it is when applied to such purposes as 
are comprehended in the investigations of this Committee, 
that science really becomes of value to mankind. If the 
Committee continue their exertions with energy and discre- 
tion for only a few years, they will have done more to render 
India happy and wealthy than all the other devices of state 
policy put together. 


Illustrations of the Botany and other branches of the Natural History of 
the Himalayan Mountains, and of the Flora of Cashmere. By J. F. 
Royle, M.D. Part X. 4to. 

The preceding remarks were written when a copy of this 
work reached me. The part now published is the last but one, 
and the last is promised in a very short time. Dr. Royle is the 
Secretary of the Indian Committee above mentioned, and it 
is already well known that the important results arrived at 
are mainly owing to his energy and perseverance, combined 
with an extensive knowledge of India itself. That the latter is 
of no common kind is amply shewn by the work in question, 
which unquestionably contains a greater amount of valuable 
practical information upon useful matters, than any work yet 
written upon the foreign possessions of any other European 
power. The following are extracts interesting to horticul- 
turists. 

Walnut. The common Walnut, J. regia, extends from 
Greece and Asia Minor over Lebanon and Persia, probably 
all along the Hindookoosh to the Himalayas. It is abundant 
in Cashmere, Sirmore, Kemaon, and Nepal. The Persian 
name of the Walnut fruit is chuhar-mughz (four brains). 

Quercus semecarpifolia, the Khursoo of the hill people, is 
found in the Himalayas as high as the limits of forests. It 
is a beautiful species, and would be quite hardy in England. 

Betula Bhojputtra, and other noble species of Birch, oc- 
cupy the loftiest situations on mountains. They also would 
be hardy. : 

Poplars. P. ciliata and P. pyriformis are two fine new 
species. It is stated that what we call the Lombardy Poplar 
is a native of the East; it is said in Persian works to be 
found in Dailim and Tinkaboom, near the south shore of 
the Caspian. Dr. Royle found it common in India in gardens 
to the north of the Jumna, whither it had been introduced 
from the Punjab, and he thinks there is little doubt that, 


n. Dn 


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27 


instead of being a hybrid, as some, or of American origin, 
as other writers have supposed, it was brought to Europe 
from some Eastern country, in former times, when the com- 
munication by the East, and interchange of commodities was 
greater than in recent times. 

Conifere. Of these the following Pines are enumerated ; 
1. P. longifolia, called cheer, sullah, and thansa, occupies the 
lowest elevations of the Himalaya; this accounts for its being 
too tender for England. 2. Surul, either a distinct variety 
of the last, or a new species. 3. Cheer, a fir found by Mr. 
Shore near Almorah, which is also possibly different from 
P. longifolia. 4. P. nepalensis, a supposed variety of Pinaster, 
lately found by the collector of His Grace the Duke of Devon- 
shire. 5. P. excelsa, kuel of the natives of Sirmore and 
Gurwhal, now common and hardy in England. 6. A va- 
riety or species related to this, found at Bunipa and Toka in 
Nepal. 7. P. Smithiana, a doubtful species, the authority 
for which is a figure in Dr. Wallich's plante Asiatice rariores. 
8. P. Khutrow or Morinda, now common in our collections. 
9. P. Brunoniana, a species related to the Hemlock Spruce ; 
a rare plant, found in Nepal, on the northern descent of 
Sheopore, on Gossainthan, and on the southern borders of the 
Bhotea pergunnah of Kemaon, where it is called tan-shing. 
10. P. Gerardiana, the neoza of the natives, entirely con- 
fined to the northern and drier face of the Himalaya, to 
the south of 32° of latitude; but more to the north, found also 
on the southern face of the mountains. For this species seed of 
P. longifolia has been hitherto received in England, where it 
is extremely rare, existing only, as far as I know, at Rolles- 
ton in Staffordshire, the seat of Sir Oswald Moseley. 11. The 
chilgoza, of Kunawur, beyond Rampore, along the banks of 
the Sutlej, from 5000 to 10,000 feet of elevation ; supposed 
by some to be the same as the neoza, because both have edible 
seeds, but upon insufficient testimony. 12. The deodar, the 
most valuable of all the Indian species, and the largest 
known, being the deiudar of Avicenna; it is found at 
elevations of from 7000 to 12,000. feet, in Nepal, 
Kemaon, and as far as Cashmere. 13. Abies Webbiana, 
now so well known in this country, called chilrow, gobrea, 
sallur, and oonum, a species which grows to a great size, and 
forms one of the principal ornaments of the forests at con- 
siderable elevations. 14. Abies Pindrow, a magnificent 


D. April, 1889. e 


28 


species even to the limits of forest, at present unknown in 
England, and employed in the hills, along with the Deodar, 
for building purposes. 

I have been particular in quoting the native names of 
these valuable plants, in order to enable persons resident in 
England, the more readily to ask their correspondents for 
them. 

Roscoea alpina. A curious and very pretty little plant, 
with bright blue flowers, found at the height of 9000 feet 
and more, where, like the snow-drop in European countries 
in early spring, it pushes up immediately after the rains, in 
places where the snow has just melted. This most interesting 
species would doubtless be hardy in England; it is a most 
curious deviation in its habits from the usual tenderness of 
Scitaminez. 

Of Iris several species are found in the Himalayas, some 
of which are very pretty. 


DERIVATION OF THE WORD MYRTLE. 


At Gilan in Persia there is a spring surrounded by 
myrtle bushes, and held in great veneration. The sacred 
character of the myrtle (márt as it is called in Persia, from 
which was borrowed the Greek pupros) I believe to have 
originated in the East. Its connexion with the worship of 
Venus is well known, and it is a curious relic of ancient 
observances, that, at the present day, wherever the myrtle 
bush is found among the Kurdish mountains (and it is very 
rare) a sort of mystic reverence is attached to the spot, which 
the people are altogether unable to explain.— Major Rawlin- 


son's March from Zohab to Khuzistan, in Journal of Geog. 
Soc. ix. 43. 


Recherches sur l'analyse et la Composition chimiques de la Betterave à 
sucre, par Eugene Péligot; et sur l'organization anatomique de cette 


racine, par J. Decaisne. Paris, 1839. 8vo. 

The cultivation of Beet root has not much importance in 
this country, where colonial sugar, for political reasons, 
enjoys a monopoly of consumption; but to those who in 
other countries occupy themselves with the manufacture of 
Beet root sugar, this pamphlet will be read with great inte- 
rest, It is full of curious and valuable research. The 
best variety for cultivation appears on the whole to be the 
** White Silesian.” The principal obstacle to the manufac- 


mM Y 


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£ 


29 


ture of the sugar arises from the presence of great quantities 
of raphides, that is internal microscopical crystals, (not of 
oxalate of lime) ; it appears that such crystals are found ex- 
clusively in the parenchyma of the ascending part of the 
plant; that is to say, in the above-ground part of the root, 
and in the stems and leaves. The quantity of such crystals 
is affected essentially by the soil in which the plants are 
cultivated ; in highly manured, rich soil, frequently watered, 
they are found to exist to the amount of 12 per cent., which 
was rather more than the quantity of sugar contained in the 
leaves examined. The sugar was found by M. Decaisne to be 
secreted exclusively in the parenchyma, and in a limpid state. 
Illustrations of Indian Botany, by Robert Wight, M.D. 4to. Madras, 1838 $ 
published in numbers, each containing 8 coloured plates, with appropriate 
letter-press. 

Of this work six numbers have reached me. It is 
executed on the plan of Royle's Illustrations, and is intended 
to bring the Botany of India before the people of India in a 
cheap and interesting shape, an object which there can be 
no doubt that it will accomplish. The price is so moderate 
that it is secure of a remunerating sale, and there is there- 
fore no room to doubt that Dr. Wight will complete his 
undertaking. The plates are executed in lithography, and 
are characteristic of the plants; if they want the neatness 
and finish of European works, they fully answer the purpose 
for which they are destined. It is impossible not to regard 
this work as one of the many means which are now silently, 
but surely, working in harmony towards the great national 
end of improving the resources of the British possessions in 
India. One of the great obstacles to this important object, 
so far as the vegetable kingdom is concerned, has been the 
difficulty of ascertaining to what plants the native names of 
useful products really apply. Like all vernacular names, 
those of India are uncertain and unstable; the same name 
being given to one plant in one province, and to another in 
some other province. One of the results of Dr. Wight's work 
will be to enable residents in India to give plants their scien- 
tific names, and thus to render certain and precise what must 
otherwise be most uncertain and deceptive. 

Among the more curious plants illustrated in the first 
six numbers, are species of the genera Acrotrema, Schuma- 
cheria, Hydnocarpus, Xanthophyllum, Hugonia, Hopea, 


30 


Opilia, and Hebradendron. Among the useful plants are 
Berberis tinctoria of the Neelgherry Hills, which is stated, 


upon the authority of Vauquelin, to be inferior to few woods : 


for dyeing yellow ; on the plate representing this species are 
three squares coloured to imitate the cloths dyed with the 
plant in India; one is pale clear yellow, a second pale green, 
the third light greenish blue. 


FRANKINCENSE OF SIERRA LEONE. 


The ** Bungo,” or Frankincense tree, is an evergreen, 
and one of the most graceful in an African forest ; it grows 
in great abundance in the colony and in the neighbourhood, 
and is generally found in rather elevated situations ; its 
foliage is a very dark green, the leaf smooth and pointed, 
and not large; the trunk, which is rather smooth at first, is 
then curiously marked with white patches, which make the 
tree very remarkable at a distance. The lower stem is almost 
invariably perfectly straight, and at the height of 20 or 25 
feet usually branches off; the range of height of the trees I 
have seen may be from 40 to 60 feet; when aged the bark 
becomes rugged, very thick, and the white patches dis- 
appear; the flower is very simple, white and small. I do 
not recollect ever seeing any seed ; the natives have a notion 
that the tree cannot be propagated except by nature (un- 
assisted). I made some attempts, but did not succeed. 

The tree (and especially the branches) is subject to the 
ravages of an insect, which must be of considerable size, 
from the holes it bores in every direction being commonly 
about half an inch in diameter; the operations of this insect 

occasion the production of the ** Bungo” in very consider- 

able quantities ; sometimes no doubt the gum drops pure 
from the tree, but the chief supply is mixed up with woody 
particles resembling sawdust, and is forced from the holes 
by the insect, and gathered from the grass and ground by 
the natives. When fresh the gum is of a light reddish 
colour, translucent and very fragrant, soft and adhesive. 

The native Timmanee women use the gum, powdered 
and mixed with palm oil, as a kind of perfume, and it is 
commonly sold in the market of Freetown (without any pre- 
vious preparation) for this purpose. 

The gum, when burnt on a red hot plate of iron, gives 
forth a very grateful and highly aromatic odour; by some it 


po 174 


TNI" 


3l 


is supposed to be the true ** Thus.” I do not consider myself 
qualified to offer any opinion in that respect. The wood 
makes excellent fuel ; the perfume it diffuses whilst burning 
is extremely agreeable to most persons. I do not know that 
it is applied to any other purpose.— Eztract of a letter from 
M. SS. Melville, Esq. of Stirling, to James Bandinel, Esq. ; 
dated March 9nd, 1839. 


25. CCELÓGYNE ocellata. (Gen. et Sp. Orch. 40.) 


This beautiful plant has just flowered imperfectly with 
Messrs. Loddidges, who imported it from India. The sepals 
and petals are pure white; the lip is also white, but it has 
two very bright orange yellow spots on each lateral lobe, 
and two others smaller, and of the same colour at the base of 
the middle lobe, besides which there are some lateral streaks 
of brown. The column is bordered with brilliant orange 
yellow. The crests of the lip are three, which converge 
towards the base of the middle lobe, and there the lateral ones 
diverge again over a pair of convexities, beyond which they 
disappear ; on each side of them, at the base of the said con- 
vexities, and on the outside, is an additional short curled 
crest. The flowers grow in erect racemes about six inches 
long, and are themselves an inch or more long. 


26. DENDROBIUM lingueforme. (Swartz.) 

I have formerly received this curious plant in flower from 
various collections, but never in such perfection as from the 
garden of Richard Harrison, Esq. of Aighburgh, who cul- 
tivates it upon the decayed branch of a tree. It inhabits 
the country near Sydney, in New South Wales, where it was 
found by the earliest Botanists who visited that colony. It 
has hard, thick tongue-shaped leaves, lying flat upon the 
rhizoma which creeps upon the rock or tree it grows on; 
they have the texture of an Aloe, and probably indicate that 
the species does not inhabit damp shaded places, but rather 
such hot dry situations as Mr. Cunningham assigns to 
Dendrobium aemulum and undulatum; see Bot. Register, 
fol. 1699, for observations upon the culture of these plants. 
The flowers are greenish white, with long slender sepals and 
petals, and appear from the young ends of the rhizomata. 
They have no smell, nor any feature of beauty. 


32 


27. SARCOCHILUS olivaceus ; foliis oblongis membranaceis falcatis apice 
acutis integris, racemo flexuoso angulato 4-5-floro nutante, sepalis lineari- 
obovatis obtusis : intermediolatiore petalisque conformibus minoribus columnz 
dorso adnatis, labelli cum columná productà articulati lobo medio minimo 
transverso rotundato lateralibus acuminatis ; disco callis variis crassis rotun- 
datis tuberculato. 


A New Holland epiphyte ofno beauty, imported by Messrs. 
Loddiges. It is very nearly the same as S. parviflorus, 
from which it principally differs in its leaves being broader 


and not emarginate at the point. The flowers are small and 


yellowish orange green. 


28. HOVÉA pungens. (Hiigel enum. p. 36. Botanisch. Archiv. t, ?.) 


For specimens of this beautiful plant I am indebted to 
Robert Mangles, Esq. who raised it from Swan River seeds. 
A figure of it has already been given in Baron Hugel's Bo- 
tanisches Archiv. It forms a small bush, with narrow leaves 
resembling those of Rosemary, but terminated by a slender 
pungent spine. The flowers grow singly in the axils of the 
upper leaves, and are of the most intense cobalt blue. I find 
upon comparing the garden plant with wild specimens given 
me by Captain James Mangles, that, as is usual with Swan 
River plants, the cultivated specimens are much finer than 
the wild ones. 


29. DENDROBIUM teretifolium. (R. Brown prodr. nov. holl. 189.) 


This curious plant, which is.well defined by Dr. Brown, 
has lately flowered with Messrs. Loddiges. It is a small 
creeping species, with deep green fleshy taper leaves, between 
two and three inches long, and solitary flowers of a dull 
yellow, streaked and spotted with dull purple; the labellum 
is white. It is a plant of no beauty. . 

As the importation of New Holland Orchidaceous epiphytes 
has taken place to some extent, it is desirable that there 
should now be made known an account of several species first 
discovered by Mr. Allan Cunningham, and of which notes 
were given me by my indefatigable friend in June 1834. 
The eredit of his discoveries will thus be secured to their 
author, those who may import the plants will be able to 
determine their names, and to ascertain whether they are new 
or not, and there will be the additional advantage of proving 
that no species of striking beauty are to be expected from 
this part of the world, as none of those found by Mr. Cun- 
ningham can be considered more than Botanical curiosities. 


E S 


dle 


33 


NOTES or ORCHIDACEOUS EPIPHYTES or NEW SOUTH WALES. 
By Allan Cunningham, Esq. 


30. DENDROBIUM tetragonum ; caulibus gracilibus erectis elongatis quadran- 
gularibus apice clavatis 2-3-phyllis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acutis undulatis 
striatis s, nervosis glabris racemo terminali 2-4-floro longioribus, foliolis pe- 
rianthii elongato-linearibus patentibus, labello vittato: disco tricarinato, 
lobo medio dilatato subcordato acuto. 

An epiphyte, hanging loosely from the stems of small 

trees, in dry shaded woods, Moreton Bay. June 1828. 


31. DENDROBIUM tortile. (Perhaps a Polystachya.) ? 

On the upper branches of the loftiest trees of Flindersia 
australis, 100 feet high ; in shaded woods, Brisbane River, 
Moreton Bay. Oct. 1824. June 1828. 


32. DENDROBIUM? pygmaum. (D. Caleyi, Cunn. in Bot, Mag. Com- 
pan. II. 377.) 
On rocks in the Illawarra district. Flowers not known. 


33. DENDROBIUM elongatum ; caulibus artieulatis teretibus- sulcatis »elon- 
gatis erectis 4-5-phyllis, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acutiusculis apice obliquis 
emarginatis, racemo terminali 3-10-floro, foliolis perianthii ovatis obtusius- 
culis, labelli disco 3-carinato lobo intermedio lato cordiformi. 


On trees in shaded dark woods, on the banks of the 
Brisbane River. Sept. 1828. 


34. DENDROBIUM pugioniforme; caulibus repentibus nodoso-articulatis 
radicalibus setoso-stipulatis, foliis elliptico-lanceolatis apice attenuatis acutis 
carnosis infra fere convexis carinatis leevibus nitentibus, floribus (resupina- 
tis) subsolitariis axillaribus, perianthii foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis pa- 
tentibus, labello longitudinaliter tricarinato, lobo intermedio dilatato undulato- 
crispato apice acuto recurvato, 

A beautiful epiphyte, hanging loosely from the stems of 
trees, so as to swing freely to the wind that sweeps through 
the forests on the summit of the belt of mountain bounding 
the coast district of Illawarra, on the west (lat. 343 S.) and 
flowering in August. 1818. 

Obs. This species approaches so near D. rigidum Br. 
prodr. (not of Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 86. n. 51) that 1 have 
often viewed it as the same plant which was described by 
Mr. Brown, from a figure in the Banksian collection. It now 
appears to me distinct. 


35. DENDROBIUM? crassulefolium. 

Of this I have no specimens or description. It is a plant 
growing on trees in ravines of the Blue Mountains. Never 
seen in flower. The pseudobulbs are oval and one-leafed ; 
the leaf is small and oval. 


34 


36. DENDROBIUM ? complanatum. 

An epiphyte growing in tufts. It has a flattened base, 
and cultriform distichous leaves: the whole plant, although 
healthy, is of a yellow green colour. On dead trees, in 
shaded woods, at Moreton Bay. 1828. Flowers not seen. 


37. CYMBIDIUM ridifolium ; foliis elongato-linearibus, racemis multifloris 
bracteatis, perianthii foliolis patentibus (exterioribus tribus ellipticis obtusis) 
labello 3-lobato: lobo intermedio linguiformi disco ecarinato glanduloso- 
punctato nitido. 


On decayed trunks of treesin large masses, damp shaded 
woods on the Brisbane River. July 1828. This plant was 
alive at Kew. 


38, CYMBIDIUM ? ; caule radicante scandente, foliis alternis lanceolatis 
acutis subcarnosis, racemis axillaribus laxis, fol. perianthii conniventibus 
labello carnoso 3-lobato, basi cavo. 


A Vanda looking plant, in habit very much like V. tereti- 
folia. Lindl. Coll. bot. t. 6. Can it be Epidendrum. triste, 
Forst. which that Botanist discovered in New Caledonia ? My 
plant, of which I only detected a single specimen, was hang- 
ing to the thin laminated bark of the trunk of Callistemon 
rigidum, in small open savannahs, subject to inundation ; 
near the banks of the Brisbane River. Sept. 1829. 


39. CALANTHE veratrifolia. R. Br. 

In August 1822, whilst on an excursion to the Illawarra, 
a coast district on the south of Port Jackson, I met with a 
plant in dark shaded woods, which I introduced to Kew, in 
the following year, considering it a Bletia. It soon after- 
wards flowered in that collection, and was then ascertained 
to differ in no one respect from the Java plant. They have 
repeatedly been in flower together since that period, and on a 
close critical examination of the two plants, no difference 
could be discovered, excepting that the Australian plant is 
not so purely white in the flower as the Java one; their 
identity is therefore clearly determined. Illawarra district, 
near Port Jackson, (lat. 342. S.) is therefore another locality. 


40. PHAJUS grandifolius. Loureiro. ; 
This plant I discovered in Sept. 1824, growing in exten- 


sive swamps at the back of the beach, on the shores of More-. 


ton Bay, in lat. 273, from whence I sent a large tub of the 
plant to Kew, where, on flowering, it proved to be identical 
with the old Limodorum Tankervillie ; and of its flower 


M. Bauer made a drawing. Moreton Bay therefore is ano- 
ther locality. 


— 


FERT CN 
3 


PO 


35 


41. DENDROBIUM Heyneanum. Gen. & Sp. Orch. p. 90. 


This very pretty species has flowered imperfectly with 
Messrs. Loddiges, who received it from Bombay by the over- 
land conveyance. Its exact locality was not before known, 
the specimens in Heyne’s herbarium, where I found the ' 
species, affording no information upon that point. In a 
healthy state the plant forms a tuft of slender clavate stems, 
from four to six inches high, loosely covered with the 
withered sheaths of leaves that have fallen off. From all 
sides there appear in the flowering season slender spreading 
racemes about three inches long, having each from five to 
nine smallish white flowers, with a greenish-yellow lip beau- 
tifully streaked with violet; they have no smell. 


42. LALIA majalis. Lindl. mss. (Cattleya Grahami. Gen. & Sp. 

Orch. 116.) 

This plant, the Flor de Mayo of the natives of San 
Bartolo, and the adjoining parts of Mexico, has lately been 
received by the Horticultural Society of London from Mr. 
Hartweg, who found it on the mountains near Leon, growing 
upon oak trees, at the height of 8000 feet, where it some- 
times freezes. I possess specimens (No. 3.) given me by 
Prof. Schlechtendahl, gathered by Dr. Schiede in the same 
Situations. It is one of the most beautiful of the whole order ; 
a dried flower now before me, of a bright violet colour, mea- 
sures nearly five inches from the tip of one petal to that of 
another, and when fresh I have no doubt the expansion of 
the flower was as much as six inches. The labellum is still 
nearly two inches and a half long. AT plants of this mag- 
nificent species have been given away by the Horticultural 
Society ; but it proves exceedingly difficult of cultivation. 


43. OCTOMERIA fidintata; folio ovali-lanceolato crassissimo acuto, floribus 
fasciculatis, labello oblongo basi angustato apice tridentato auriculá utrinque _ 


rotundatá inflexá : lamellis obsoletis. 
A Demerara plant of no beauty. The flowers are bright 
yellow ; the leaves are remarkably thick and hard. 


44. POLYSTÁCHYÁ affinis. Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 73. 

This has lately flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, who im- 
ported it from Sierra Leone. It proves extremely different 
from P. puberula, of which I once thought it might be a 


E. May, 1839. y 


36 


variety, and has larger flowers than any of the racemose 
species of the genus. Sir W. Hooker has observed a gland 
and caudicula in my Polystachya macrantha (Bot. Mag. t. 
3707.), which is probably the Dendrobium galeatum of 
Swartz; I had previously noted the same thing in P. ramu- 
losa (Bot. Reg. 1838. misc. no. 144.), and 1 find a similar 
structure in the present species; it is therefore probable that 
the genus Polystachya should be placed in Vandew, among 
the genera belonging to which subdivision a better station 
may be found for it than next to Dendrobium. 


45. ISOCHILUS vidum : pseudobulbis fusiformibus attenuatis squamis pal- 
lidis membranaceis arcté vestitis, foliis solitariis linearibus apice obscuré 
2-3-dentatis, racemo capillari secundo nutante subtrifloro folio multó bre- 
viore, sepalis petalisque ovatis concavis patulis, labello cordato revoluto 
apice foveato basi mellifero. 

A small dingy-flowered plant, imported from Mexico by 
George Barker, Esq. of Birmingham. Its livid semitrans- 
parent flowers, and slender pedicels, are accompanied by 
spindle-shaped pseudobulbs, tightly covered with sheaths, 
resembling in colour the external skin of the onion which 
gardeners call ‘ the silver-skinned.” 


46. DENDROBIUM macrophyllum; folis ovato-oblongis obtusis nervosis 
basi subcordatis, sepalis lanceolatis lateralibus parúm productis, petalis ob- 


longis acutis, labello pubescente convoluto denticulato subunguiculato ovato 
callo baseos elevato transverso obsoleté trilobo. 


This, the handsomest of the Dendrobia, has been received 
by Messrs. Loddiges from Manilla, where it was found by 
Mr. Cuming. The flowers are nine inches in circumference, 
aud will probably be still larger when the plant becomes 
more healthy. The sepals and petals are a clear and bright 


rose-colour, the lip is downy and deeply stained with two 
large broad blood-red blotches at its base.” 


47. CATTLEYA superba; foliis ovato-oblongis obtusis coriaceis marginatis 
caule clavato brevioribus, sepalis oblongis acutiusculis, petalis lanceolatis 
aeutis membranaceis dupló latioribus, labelli trilobi cucullati lobis lateralibus 
acutis : intermedio transverso plano denticulato emarginato subunguiculato 
basi venis elevatis rugoso; callis duobus pone basin. Sertum Orchida- 


ceum, t. 22. 
. This magnificent sweet-scented Cattleya has been. found 
in British Guayana by Mr. Schomburgk, who sent a live 
plant of it to Messrs. Loddiges, and a drawing to the Linnean 


EX 2 


$ 


wr 


pa >i 


37 


Society, by permission of which a figure has been published 
in the Sertum Orchidaceum. The flowers, if not so large as 
those of Cattleya Mossi, are, from the richness of their 
colours, inferior to none in beauty. According to Mr. 
Schomburgk, the plant appears peculiar to the 3rd or 4th 
degree of N. Lat. ; it is not to be met with in the Essequibo 
north of the mouth of the Rnpununy ; from thence it is found 
southwards on trees which skirt the banks of the brooks and 
rivers which meander through the savannahs. He discovered 
only a few solitary specimens in the Essequibo south of the 
Cayuwini, and none at the equator. The Caribees call it 
Oponopodoli, or Ducksmouth, the Macoosees Masame. It is 
very fragrant; the odour in the morning is said to become 
too powerful in a confined place; the splendid flowers last 
from three to four weeks. 

Although only now brought into notice, the species was 
many years since discovered by Dr. Von Martius, who found 
it near Taruma on the banks of the Rio Negro, in woods at 
the Barra de Rio Negro, and in forests near Para. It is 
readily distinguished from all previously described species 
by its three-lobed lip with acute lateral segments, the middle 
lobe being flat, toothletted and emarginate, and by the 
cluster of elevated veins at the junction of the epichilium 
and hypochilium. 


48. SALVIA patens. Tab. 23. of this volume. 

The first importer of this valuable plant was inadver- 
tently stated to be Mr. Rogers of Southampton instead of 
Mr. W. B. Page of the same Pe In the account of this 
species in the Transactions of the Horticultural Society the 
fact is given correctly, and I now hasten to correct an acci- 
dental error which, if unaltered, would deprive Mr. Page 
of the credit which he deserves for having first introduced 
this great ornament to our gardens. 


49. DEUTZÍA corymbosa (Wall. cat. no. 3652); foliis ovato-oblongis acu- 
minatis serratis sparsé stellatim pilosis, floribus cymosis. 4-5-gynis, dente 
intermedio staminum lateralibus equali, fructibus pisiformibus lepidotis. 

A new hardy Himalayan shrub, flowers of which were 
produced in the garden of the Horticultural Society in March 
last, in the greenhouse. They are white, about. half the 
size of those of D. scabra, lemon-scented, and arranged in 
copious cymes, which appear, from the dried wild specimens 


38 
before me, to form in great abundance when the plant is 
vigorous. Upon one branch 18 inches long I count seven 


clusters, each of which has on an average forty blossoms. 
It was received under the name of D. canescens. 


50. EPIDENDRUM glumaceum ; pseudobulbis ovatis apice angustatis di- 
phyllis, foliis angusté oblongis patentibus, racemo terminali cylindraceo e 
squamis glumaceis acuminatissimis pedunculo longioribus erumpente, sepa- 
lis linearibus petalisque lineari-lanceolatis acuminatissimis, labello obovato 
acuminato convexo integerrimo basi unicalloso. 


A Brazilian plant very near E. fragrans, from which it 
differs in the form of the lip, and in the colour of the 
flowers, which are white delicately striped with pink. It 
is a pretty species, with a raceme about five inches long. 


51. GOVENIA Gardneri (Hooker in Bot. Mag. t. 3660) ; scapo obtusé tetra- 
gono medio vaginato, racemo elongato floribus post anthesin refractis, brac- 
teis oblongis herbaceis ovarii dimidio longitudine, sepalis petalisque ovatis 
obtusiusculis, labello ovato acuto nudo apice maculis 5 marginalibus notato 
lineis duabus convexis convergentibus in medio, anthera cornu brevi inflexo. 


The figure of this plant in the Botanical Magazine seems 
to have been taken from a specimen out of health, for the 
colour of the flowers and their markings are by no means 
such as I find them in a specimen now before me, for which 
l have to thank my friend John Miers, Esq. F.L.S. of 
14, Hans Place, Chelsea. The flowers are pure white; the 
petals are delicately spotted with violet dots inside; the lip 
is downy at the base, and yellowish-green, except at the 
point, where it is white, with five small equidistant spots, of 
which the three in the middle are bright orange colour, and 
the two side ones, which are much more indistinct, dull 
purple. Mr. Miers tells me that he found it flowering in 
the month of February on the Organ Mountains, at two 
distant intervals from 3000 to 3500 feet above the level of 
the sea ; at the lower one in an exposed situation on a bank, 
at the higher, in a wood upon a quantity of rich mould in 


the hollow of a decaying tree. 
52. SACCOLABIUM micranthum (Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 220.) 


This curious little plant has flowered with Messrs. 
Loddiges. Its flowers are pale violet, with the limb of the 


labellum much darker. It should rather be referred to the 


genus Cleisostoma. 


» s 


— A 


gr 


LA 


39 


53. ABUTILON striatum (Dickson in Botanist ined.); foliis trilobis serratis 
glabriusculis basi subcordatis : lobis acuminatis, pedunculis capillaribus lon- 
gissimis, floribus campanulatis petalis retusis, stylis 8. 

This south Brazilian species has found its way into many 
gardens in England, having been received from the Glasgow 
collection. It is a greenhouse shrub of the easiest culture, 
and of great beauty, being covered all the year long with a 
profusion of bell-shaped orange flowers, strongly veined with 
crimson, and dependent from long slender stalks. The finest 
specimens I have seen have been those belonging to John 


Sheepshanks, Esq. of Blackheath. It appears nearly related 


. to A. elegans of Auguste de St. Hiliare. 


54. CYRTOCHILUM stellatum ; pseudobulbis diphyllis ovalibus compressis 
striatis inter squamas lanceolatas carinatas axillaribus, foliis ligulatis obtusis 
aveniis scapo multó brevioribus, scapo tereti erecto basi vaginato, racemo 
disticho multifloro, bracteis carinatis convolutis acuminatis glumaceis ovario 
longioribus, sepalis petalisque lineari-obovatis acutis stellatis, labello oblongo 
undulato acuto basi canaliculato striato, alis columns acinaciformibus inte- 
gerrimis, Sertum Orchidaceum, plate 7. 

This noble species, nearly related to C. flavescens of the 
Botanical Register, t. 1627, but differing in its much larger 
flowers, the sepals of which are by no means acuminated, but 
only drawn to a sharp point; in the greater breadth of the 
pseudo-bulbs; in its stature being four tinfes as great; and 
in the labellum being white instead of yellow, has lately 
flowered in the Nursery of Mr. J. Youell, Nurseryman, of 
Great Yarmouth. ad m 

M. Descourtilz found it dispersed through the districts of 
Macahé and Bananal. - It flowers in September and remains 
in that state till the end of January. It diffuses but a weak 
perfume, but the beautiful spikes, which seen at a distance 
make it resemble a mass of verdure strewed with large stars, 


render it a most remarkable object. 


55. EYSENHARDTIA amorphoides. Humb. Bonpl. et Kunth nov. gen. 

et sp. pl. vi. 489. t. 592. 

Seeds of this beautiful shrub having been distributed by 
the Horticulturàl Society, and a few plants raised from seeds 
obtained from Mexico by Geo. Frederick Dickson, Esq. in 
1837, having proved perfectly hardy, it is desirable to givea 
short account of it. It inhabits the mountains of Mexico, 
where it forms a small tree, with small pinnated leaves, like 


40 


those of an Acacia, but distinctly marked with glandular dot- 
ting; a very unusual case among Leguminous plants. The 
twigs are short, and so closely set upon the branches as to 
form a dense mass of foliage ; each is terminated by an erect 
compact spike, from two to three inches long, of white or pale 
ade flowers, which although not larger than those of a 

pirea, nevertheless from their abundance must produce a 
beautiful appearance. 


Genera Plantarum secundum Ordines naturales disposita ; auctore Stephano 
Endlicher. Vindobonz, 4to. 

There has been no Genera Plantarum published since 
that of Jussieu in 1789, with the exception of reprints, and 
the worthless compilation by Sprengel ; and during the long 
interval that has since elapsed, the science of Botany has 
grown from a dwarf of almost Lilliputian dimensions to the 
stature of an Anak. The number of genera recognized by 
Jussieu was something less than 2000; the list of genera 
at the end of the 2nd edition of my Natural System of Botany 
in 1836, was 7840, and many more have to be added. The 
publication of a new digest of the genera of plants, with their 
characters as limited by the best authorities, or defined by 
original observation, had therefore become a work of the 
greatest necessity to all persons occupied with the study of 
the science; but it was at the same time so difficult, that no 
person could be found with energy enough to attempt its ex- 
ecution, till Dr. Endlicher, of Vienna, a learned man and an 
excellent Botanist, with the Imperial libraries and collections 
of that capital to assist him, seriously set himself to accom- 
plish-this great purpose. 

In August, 1836, the first part of the work made its ap- 
pearance, written in Latin, and arranged according to a 
system peculiar to the author. It contained the characters 
of the classes, sub-classes, and natural orders and genera, 
written with an elegance of language too seldom found in the 
works of modern Botanists. It was accompanied by a ** Con- 
spectus diagnosticus,” or short abstract of the distinctive 
characters of the classes, orders, &c. and a copious Index ; 
and subsequently a “ Conspectus dispositionis," or arranged 
Catalogue of the names of the classes, orders, &c. has been 
commenced. The work has now reached the tenth part, and 
the last genus is numbered 4583. How many more parts 


E 


Eu c 


"^5 
j 


41 


are to be expected is not known; but supposing the whole 
number of genera known to Dr. Endlicher to be 8000, it may 
be supposed that the work will be brought to a close in seven 
or eight more parts, or in about a year and a half. The 
period of its completion will form an era in the history of 
systematical Botany. Independently of its great importance 
on account of the singular skill and care with which it is 
written, it possesses an additional value in consequence of 
the numerous references to books in which descriptions and 
figures of the genera may be found. 

Simultaneously with this great work the same indefati- 
gable author is publishing an Zconographia Generum plan- 
tarum, or illustrations of the genera described by him. It 
appears in 4to. or folio parts, with uncoloured figures exe- 
cuted in outline by artists of the highest eminence. Seven 
parts have now appeared, and the number of the last plate is 
84. Independently of the other important materials of 
which Dr. Endlicher is able to avail himself for this work, he 
has access to the beautiful series of drawings of New Holland 
plants, executed by Mr. Ferdinand Bauer during Flinders’s 
expedition, and bought by the Austrian government upon his 
death. The originals are somewhere in this country, but 
where deposited I am not at present able to state. It is well 
known that in 1813 an attempt was made by Mr. Bauer to 
publish them in this country, but no effectual support was 
afforded him by either the men of science or the government 
of the day ; and although the plates were engraved with his 
own hand, and with exquisite skill, the publication never 
proceeded beyond three numbers. It is impossible not to 
feel it a national disgrace that such valuable materials, col- 
lected at the cost of the English government, should onl 
make their appearance nearly thirty years after their acqui- 
sition, and then by the energy and zeal of a learned foreigner. 


A Flora of North America, &c. $c. by John Torrey and Asa Gray, vol. i. 
part ii. See page 5 of this volume. 


The second part of this valuable work has reached Eng- 
land. It proceeds from Caryophyllee to the middle of 
Leguminose, in the order of DeCandolle’s arrangement, and 
like its predecessor, exhibits equal care and talent in the 
determination and definition of the genera and species. It 
is rich in new species from California and Oregon, collected 


42 


by Mr. Nuttall, and among other interesting matter, includes 
the following new genera. 

STYPHONIA, an Anacardiaceous tree from California. 

OrzopniLa, a Celastraceous plant, named Llex myrsinites 
by Pursh, and Myginda myrtifolia by Nuttall, DeCandolle, 
and others. 

ASTROPHIA, a Leguminous plant from the Oregon, related 
to Lathyrus and Orobus. 

HomazoBus, a Leguminous genus, composed of several 
herbaceous species, with the habit of Phaca and nearly the 
legumes of Vicia ; to this are referred the Phaca nigrescens of 
Hooker, and Orobus dispar of Nuttall. 

KENTROPHYTA, consisting of two Leguminous plants, from 
the hills of the Platte, allied to the last. 

CHAPMANNIA, another Leguminous plant, related to Stylo- 
santhes on the one hand, and to Arachis on the other, found 
at Tampa bay in East Florida. 

Among other things relating to species, it appears that 
the Ceanothus azureus of our gardens, is not the plant so 
named by Desfontaines, which came from Mexico, but the 
C. thyrsiflorus of Eschscholtz, a Californian species. 


CLIMATE OF BRAZILIAN ORCHIDACE FE. 


Although this is the summer season, the thermometer 
has never been higher than 84° in the shade at noon,—it 
ranges from 68 to 75° and is seldom higher: but after a few 
days continued rain, I have observed it as low as 62%, In the 
winter season it sometimes descends to 32° during the night. 
All the European vegetables grow pretty well, as also several 
fruits, such as the apple, the fig, the grape, the olive, and 
peach. The tea plant thrives well, but it is too cold for the 
orange and the coffee; the plants themselves grow luxuri- 
antly, but their fruits do not come to perfection.” —Eztract 
of a letter to George Wailes, Esq. of Newcastle, from Mr. 
Gardner, dated January, 1837, and written amongst the 
Organ Mountains, at an elevation of 3100 feet. 


* HABITS OF BRAZILIAN PARASITES. 


The destruction of a tree in these woods does not 
lessen the abundance of vegetable life. On every blasted 
stem which had lost its own bark and leaves, a crop of para- 
sites had succeeded, and covered the naked wood with their 


= + & SSE 


EN 


5. 


43 


no less luxuriant leaves and flowers. Of these the different 
species of air-plants and Tillandsias were most remarkable.— 
The first were no less singular than beautiful; they attach 
themselves to the dryest and most sapless surface, and bloom 
as if issuing from the richest soils. A specimen of one of 
these, which I thought curious, I threw into my portmanteau, 
where it was forgotten ; and some months after, in unfolding 
some linen, I was astonished to find a rich scarlet flower, of 
the gynandrous class, in full blow; it had not only lived, but 
vegetated and blossomed, though so long secluded from air, 
light, and humidity. Every withered tree here was covered 
with them, bearing flowers of all hues, from the brightest 
yellow to the deepest scarlet. They are easily propagated by 
transplanting; and my good friend, Col. Cunningham, had 
all the trees in his garden at Boto Fogo covered with them. 
The Tillandsia is not less extraordinary.—It also grows on 
sapless trees, and never on the ground. lts seeds are fur- 
nished, on the crown, with a long filmy fibre, like the thread 
of a gossamer. As they ripen, they are detached, and driven 
with the wind, having the long thread streaming behind 
them. When they meet with the obstruction of a withered 
branch, the thread is caught, and revolving round, the seed 
at length comes into fixed contact with the surface, where it 
soon vegetates, and supplies the naked arm with a new fo- 
liage. Here it grows, like the common plant of a pine apple, 
and shoots from its centre a long spike of bright scarlet blos- 
soms. In some species (Tillandsia utriculata, and lingulata) 
the leaves are protuberant below, and form vessels like 
pitchers, which catch and retain the rain water, furnishing 
cool and limpid draughts to the heated traveller, in elevations 
where no water is to be found. The quantity of fluid con- 
tained in these reservoirs is sometimes very considerable ; and 
in attempting to reach the flower stem, I have been often 
drenched by upsetting the plant."— Walsh’s Notices of Brazil, 


2nd vol. page 306. 


56. DENDROBIUM Paztoni; caulibus teretibus sulcatis, foliis ovato-lan- 
ceolatis acuminatis apice hinc obsoleté emarginatis, pedunculis bifloris, sepa- 
fis oblongis acutis lateralibus basi parüm productis, petalis. latioribus obo- 
vatis acutis serrulatis, labello unguieulato ovato concavo indiviso villoso 
margine multifido fimbriato. 


This beautiful new Dendrobium has orange-yellow 
F. June, 1839. 9 


44 


flowers, with a deep brown spot in the middle of the lip. 
It is related to D. chrysanthum, from which it differs in 
having the petals serrated, and in the surface and margin of 
the labellum. It was found at Pundua, at the foot of the 
Khoseea hills of India, by Mr. John Gibson, at that time 
employed as collector to His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, 
and at whose request it was named after Mr. Paxton. It 
was sent me from Chatsworth in April last. 


57. PHOLIDOTA articulata ; Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 38. 


This plant has been introduced to Chatsworth by Mr. 
Gibson. It is of no beauty; its flowers are small and dirty 
white, with a little yellow. It is different in habit from the 
common Pholidota imbricata, the stem being jointed like an 
Otochilus, and not pseudo-bulbous. 


58. PHAIUS Wallichii. Lindl. in Wall. pl. as. rar. t. 158. 


Another addition to the Chatsworth collection, made by 
Mr. Gibson during his stay in India. The specimen sent 
me was a good deal damaged, but it appeared to be as stately 
and beautiful a plant as the common P. grandifolius. 


59. TRIGONIDIUM tenue (Lodd. cat. no. 582.); pseudobulbis ovalibus 
compressis monophyllis, folio ensiformi acutissimo scapo erecto tenui lon- 
giore, sepalis reflexis acutissimis, labello oblongo obtuso trilobo glabro apice 
reflexo medio appendice plano obovato emarginato adnato acuto. 

A brownish purple species with a slender habit, intro- 
duced from Demerara by Messrs. Loddiges, with whom it 
flowered in May. 


60. SCAPHYGLOTTIS stellata ; (Loddiges in litt.) pseudobulbis fusiformi- 
bus, foliis linearibus canaliculatis obtusis emarginatis, fasciculis sessilibus 
terminalibus, sepalis linearibus secundis patentibus petalis conformibus an- 
gustioribus, labello cuneato trilobo lobis lateralibus rotundatis intermedio 


acutiusculo. 

This species nearly resembles Scaphyglottis violacea, 
(Bot. Reg. t. 1901) from which it differs in having larger 
flowers with spreading segments, and the lateral lobes of the 
lip as large as the middle lobe. It is a native of Demerara, 
‘whence it was obtained by Messrs. Loddiges. 


61. ISOTROPIS striata. (Bentham in Angel’s Enum. pl. p. 28.) 


This is a very pretty little greenhouse shrub. The stem 
is soft, and slightly downy, the leaves oval, apiculate, convex 


45 


with a revolute edge, the flowers papilionaceous, clear orange 
yellow, with rich deep crimson forked veins, even more dis- 
tinctly marked than those of Abutilon striatum. It is a 
native of Swan River, and was communicated by Robert 


Mangles, Esq. of Sunning Hill. 


62. GOMPHOLOBIUM versicolor; caule erecto, folis breviter petiolatis 
3-foliolatis, foliolis linearibus mucronatis glabris margine revolutis, racemo 
laxo paucifloro, calycis laciniis oblongo-linearibus cuspidatis extüs glabris 
intüs pubescentibus, cariná glabrá. 

A smooth, neat-looking, climbing shrub, obtained by 

R. Mangles, Esq. from Swan River, where it appears to be 

common. The stems are round, erect, and smooth; the 

leaves have a firm texture; and the flowers are large, red- 
dish-yellow changing to a deep chocolate red. 


63. CHOROZEMA varium (Bentham mss.) ; foliis subsessilibus subrotundo- 
cordatis undulatis spinoso-dentatis integrisque pubescentibus, racemis erectis 
multifloris foliis paulo longioribus, calycibus basi obtusis pilosis tubo denti- 
busque subequalibus. 

This is perhaps the handsomest shrub yet obtained from 
Swan River, whence seeds have been received both by the 
Horticultural Society and private individuals. Its foliage 
is compact, neat, and of a pleasant greenish grey colour ; the 
flowers are gaily painted with orange and crimson. Itis a 
greenhouse shrub of the easiest culture, and will make an 
admirable conservatory plant. It flowers from March through 
the summer months. 


64. ACACIA cyanophy lla ; phyllodiis lineari-lanceolatis vel elongato-oblongis 
undulatis obtusis glaucis basi valdé angustatis supra basin glandulosis, capi- 
tulis racemosis axillaribus phyllodio multd brevioribus, ovario glabro. 

A fine new species of Acacia from Swan River, with long 
glaucous leaves, and a profusion of axillary racemes of yellow 
flowers. It was raised by the Horticultural Society from 
seeds presented by Mr. Smart, to whom we are also indebted 
for the introduction of the beautiful Chorozema varium. 
None of the long-leaved Australasian Acacias have such 
glaucous wavy leaves as this. 


65. AGANISÍA pulchella. 
A very pretty new genus of Vandeous Orchidacez, sent 
by Mr. Brotherton from Demerara to Messrs. Loddiges. It 


46 


has a creeping rhizoma, with distant slender pseudo-bulbs, 
each tipped by a single leaf, and cream-coloured delicate 
flowers, resembling those of some Maxillarias in form. The 
genus is distinguished from Maxillaria by the brown sepals 
not being oblique at the base, and by the nature of the 
pollen-masses ; from Encnemis it differs in the form of the 
flowers, and in their regularity. It may be thus defined. 


AGANISIA. Perianthium patens, equale ; sepalis lateralibus haud basi pro- 
ductis. Labellum liberum, mobile, indivisum, concavum, hypochilio parvo 
concavo, ab epichilio cristá transversá glandulosa diviso. Columna erecta, 
semiteres, marginata, apice utrinque brachio acuto patulo aucta. Anthera 
ecristata. Rostellum elongatum.  Pollinia 4, collateralia, per paria con- 
nata (oo oo) caudiculá lineari, glandulá parvá ovali. Rhizoma repens, 
pseudobulbosa. ^ Pseudobulbi monophylh. ^ Racemus erectus, radicalis, 
3-4-florus, foliis multó brevior. 1. Aganisia pulchella. Pseudobulbi 
attenuati. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, plicata. Sepala et petala ob- 
longa, acuta, ochroleuca. Labellum oblongum, obtusum, concavum, cristá 
luted. Brachia columne obliqué bidentata, acuta. 


66. GOVENIA lagenophora ; pseudobulbo ovato vagina lagenzformi utricu- 
latá incluso, petiolis tetragonis, racemo longissimo multifloro, labello ovato 
obtuso omnino glabro, sepalis petalisque obtusis. 

For this very distinct and curious species of Govenia 1 am 
indebted to John Rogers, Esq. Jun. who imported it from 
Mexico, and has obligingly furnished me with the following 
note concerning it. 

* Root a solitary tuber; the old not perishing until the 
new one is nearly full grown, but then dying away com- 
pletely; about the size of a duck's egg, forming above- 
ground, and of a bright green, marked with the scars of 
three or four sheaths. The innermost sheath which sur- 
mounts the tuber is entire, and resembles a Florence flask in 
shape ; it is about eight inches high, two to three in diameter 
at the base, and three-quarters at its throat; translucent, or 
semi-transparent, containing about one-third of a pint of 
water. ; 

** Leaves two, opposite, lanceolate ovate, eighteen inches 
long by four to five broad; articulated with their petioles, 
just at the top of the pitcher. "The petioles are acutely four- 
angled, sheathing, so that their transverse section is an 
equilateral rhomboid, with concave sides. The flower-stem 
rises from the bulb, within the pitcher, and opposite to the 
midrib of the outer leaf; about three feet high, bearing 
from forty to fifty flowers, which expand rapidly, and con- 


Mw. 


47 


tinue long in perfection, exhaling in the forenoon the odour 
of Habenaria bifolia. 

** The pitcher is generally full of water, all the rain and 
dew which falls on the leaves being conducted into it; and 
it is apparently absorbed by the plant, as, if not replenished, 
A disappears more rapidly than evaporation would account 
for. 

* The fibres are simple, proceeding from the base of the 
tuber, and have a tendency to rise and run on the surface of 
the ground. The plant evidently delights in water when 
growing, and is apparently a native of bogs or swamps,” 

Upon comparing this with Swartz's account of his Cymbi- 
dium utriculatum, no doubt can remain of that plant being 
another species of Govenia, differing from the present chiefly 
in having a pubescent scape, and succulent white flowers ; 
it will therefore have to be added to this genus under the 
name of Govenia utriculata. 


67. BRASAVOLA glauca; foliis coriaceis oblongis obtusis planiusculis 
glaucis, spathá uniflora, sepalis petalisque lineari-lanceolatis obtusis her- 
baceis, labello subsessili subrotundo acuto margine lobato, clinandrio den- 
tato denti dorsali apice glanduloso. 

A most curious Orchidaceous plant, obtained near Vera 
Cruz for the Horticultural Society by Mr. Hartweg. Its 
habit is so much that of a Cattleya that till it flowered it was 
expected to belong to that genus. It however proves to be 
a Brasavola, with very large flowers. A figure of it is in 
preparation for Mr. Bateman's noble work on the plants of 
this order from Mexico and Guatemala. 


68. ONCIDIUM sanguineum; ebulbosum, foliis oblongis coriaceis dorso cari- 
natis, scapo longissimo paniculato, sepalis subrotundis unguiculatis laterali- 
bus basi connatis petalisque crispis sublobatis, labelli trilobi suberispi verni- 
cati lobis subequalibus intermedio retuso cuneato, cristá ovatá convexá corru- 
gata, columnz alis rotundatis sublobatis antherá puberulá, 

A noble species of this showy genus, with the habit of 

Oncidium carthaginense, but with straw-coloured flowers 

stained with crimson blotches. It was imported from La 


Guayra by Messrs. Loddiges. 


69. CYMBIDIUM bicolor. Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 164. 
This has flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, who imported 
it from Ceylon. It proves to be a handsome species, with 


48 


flowers like those of C. alorifolium, only streaked and stained 
with very deep crimson. The species is readily distinguished 
by having a sac at the base of the lip. 


70. DIPLOPELTIS Hugelii. Endl. enum. p. 13. 


For a living specimen of this beautiful and most curious 
herbaceous plant I am indebted to Mr. Toward, Gardener to 
H.R.H. the Duchess of Gloucester at Bagshot. It is in its 
present state a foot and half high, with corymbose panicles 
of pink flowers, resembling those of a Cleome. It will be 
speedily figured in this work, when I shall endeavour to shew 
that it is an anomalous form of Capparidacee rather than of 
Sapindacee, to which order the learned Dr. Endlicher has 
referred it. 5 


CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD IN PLANTS. 


Some years ago, Professor Schultz, of Berlin, called the 
attention of Botanists to the existence in plants of motion 
in a particular fluid, called by him latex, analogous to the 
blood of animals, through a system of vessels previously un- 
examined. Ata later period he brought the subject before 
the Academy of Sciences of Paris, and his memoir upon the 
subject received the Montyon prize. Notwithstanding the 
exact manner in which Professor Schultz described this new 
circulating system, and the great importance of the facts he 
narrated, the question has attracted but little attention till 
lately, the common opinion among vegetable physiologists in 
this country having been, that there was some mistake in 
observations which had been made. 

There can, however, be no doubt upon the. subject, now 
that the circulation has been seen by so many persons in 
England, and the interest belonging to the inquiry is so 
great as to induce me to give the following abstract of a 
paper recently published upon this subject by Professor 
Schultz in the Annales des Sciences, vol. 10. p. 327, new 
series. 

After adverting to the advanced state of the engravings 
with which the Academy of Sciences intend to accompany 
the original memoir, the printing of which was about to 
commence in September last, the author observes, that some 
persons have confounded the motion of cyclosis in the vessels 
dispersed through the cellular tissue. beyond the focus of 


bil 


49 


‘circulation, with the movement of rotation in the lower 


plants. In his Memoir he had made known two sorts of 
circulation quite distinct from each other; the one existing 
in homorganic plants, that is, in plants composed exclusively 
ofa homogeneous cellular tissue, of which each cell represents 
and contains the whole vital actions of the plant: a circulation 
which, on account of the separate gyrating motion in each 
cell, he had called rotatim ; the other peculiar to heterorganic 
plants, namely, to those provided with a double system of 
vessels united by a cellular system, in which reside exclu- 
sively the functions of formation : this last circulation is that 


to which he had confined the name cyclosis, because of the 


currents of fluid enclosed in vessels ramifying in a reticu- 
lated manner, so: as to form circles linked to each other and 
cohering by anastomoses. 

Both Brown and Amici, without attending to cyclosis, 
have published some interesting observations upon the motion 
of the juice in the cellular hairs of several heterorganic plants, 
(provided with laticiferous vessels) ; and Slack, in repeating 
the observations of Brown upon the hairs of Tradescantia 
virginica, established for the first time, in a positive manner, 
a comparison between this circulation in the hairs and the 
rotation in homorganic plants. Mr. Slack correctly observed 
that these hairs are not cellules composed of a simple mem- 
brane, but that they consist of a double tissue, the one exte- 
rior, the other interior, and that the circulation takes place 
between their two membranes. He also noticed that this 


motion in hairs does not merely consist of two currents re- 


turning upon themselves, but rather of numerous canals 
united by reticulating anastomoses. Mr. Slack therefore 
described a case of true cyclosis, but he was unacquainted 
with the nature and the different degrees of developement 
of the laticiferous system. 

More recently these observations have been repeated by 
Meyen, but although one should have expected that an ob- 
server acquainted with the real nature of cyclosis, would, at 
the first glance, have distinguished that kind of circulation 
from rotation; Meyen, on the contrary, adopts the idea of 
Slack, and even pushes his false us coge still further, by 
attempting to refute tlie unquestionable accuracy of the ob- 
servations made by the latter Botanist, when he stated that 
the circulation does not take place in the interior of a cell, 


50 


but in the space between a double tissue. Most assuredly 
this refutation is altogether hypothetical. M. Meyen justly 
observed that it is impossible for a true rotation to occur in 
cavities enclosed within a double tissue; but instead of ad- 
mitting the reticulated currents between such tissue to be 
referable to cyclosis, he preferred asserting that the observa- 
tions of Brown and Slack are erroneous, although nothing 
can be more correct that their observations, their conclusions 
alone being false. 

If we adopt the opinion of M. Meyen, we must allow that 
heterorganic plants, provided with a laticiferous system, have 
two sorts of circulation in the same individual, viz. cyclosis 
and rotation ; without understanding what relation or con- 
nection there can be, either between the two circulations 
themselves, or between the two circulations and the system 
of spiral vessels. Such contradictions are inexplicable except 
upon the supposition that M. Meyen is unacquainted with 
the different forms, situation, extent, and the degrees of de- 
velopement of laticiferous tissue ; especially that of the capil- 
lary form, the sides of which are often not discernible in the 
midst of the cellular tissue, on account of their extreme 
tenuity and glassy transparency ; and it is this circumstance 
that has so often prevented observers admitting, in a general 
manner, the existence of vessels for the conveyance of latex. 

The author then proceeded to offer some observations 
upon two cases of cyclosis, of which drawings accompanied 
his paper. The first was Commelina celestis; of this a live 
stem was, represented cut through the middle of a vascular 
bundle longitudinally. By the side of the spiral vessels a 
focus of cyclosis was indicated; this focus consisted of a 
bundle of laticiferous vessels, very delicate and filamentous, 
united together compactly in the form of a network with 
very long meshes, in which were seen currents of latex 
ascending and descending. Moreover, at the side of the 
focus, in the midst of the cellular tissue, the eyclosis was 
shewn in distinct currents, and the same thing was visible 
between the cells of a hair. The currents of latex, separated 
either in the cellular tissue of the stem, or in the hairs, were 
not separated in each cell, nor isolated in the cellular. mass, 
but connected with the focus of circulation at certain points, 
so that all the latex circulating in the cellular tissue and 
hairs took its origin in the focus of cyclosis. 


"s 


ey 


51 

The second case was that of Campanula rapunculoides, 
the latex of which being milky, is better suited for observa- 
tion. In the hair of this plant was shewn the same reticu- 
lated connection of the currents of latex as is observable in 
the interior of the plant, whether near the focus of cyclosis 
or in the cellular tissue. This circulation of a milky fluid 
was in all respects the same as that observed in Commelina, 
Tradescantia, and other plants whose latex is not milky. 
Thus all these acts of circulation take place in a system of 
vessels in the form of a very fine network surrounding the 
cells, and even traversing their interior in various directions; 
and this allows us at once to distinguish cyclosis from the 
rotation of homorganic plants. The former is never isolated 
in a cell, but always forms a part of a reticulated system be- 
longing to several cells. is ; 

With regard to anastomoses in the laticiferous tissue, M. 
Schultz referred to his numerous drawings for abundant 
proof of their universal existence where cyclosis occurs. The 
knowledge of this plexus throws great light upon the direc- 
tion of thecurrents of cyclosis in the interior of the parenchyma 
of living plants, where the sides of the vessels cannot be 
distinguished any more than in animals, in which doubts 
have been often entertained as to the existence of vessels in 
the system of the surface. It may be as impossible in plants 
as in animals to separate the vessels in every part, but there 
is no reason why we should not take a part for the whole in 
the one case as well as the other. 

In conclusion, the author expressed his belief that a 
general law in the organization of plants, as in animals, con- 
stitutes two great divisions in the vegetable kingdom—the 
homorganic and the heterorganic—and that it is chiefly from 
variations in the system of circulation that those internal 
changes of organization takes place, the results of which are 
the different grades of developement in the natural divisions 
of the vegetable kingdom ; while in the animal kingdom it 
is principally on the nervous system that the general types 


of natural divisions are founded. 


G. July, 1839. 


52 


VEGETATION OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE AND VAN 
DIEMEN’S LAND. 


Extract from a letter written by a Lady at Hobart Town in January, 1839. 


“ How I thought of you at the Cape, that Paradise of 
flowers ! though the first bloom was over on our arrival, yet 
enough was left to shew what had been, nor without seeing 
can you imagine the profusion ; there are actually no weeds. 
Our favourite little blue Lobelia is the chickweed of the 
place, the ditches and all damp places are filled with Cape 
Lilies, Heaths of all colours, the Erica, 1 believe coccinea, 
growing very high, Diosmas, Crassulas, &c. &c. I saw a 
great deal of the Cape, we were above a fortnight there, 
and travelled above a hundred and eighty miles into the 
interior. With the general appearance of the country I was 
disappointed, there are no trees. The silver tree, a Protea, 
is the highest indigenous plant that I saw. There are oaks 
in and about Cape Town, Constantia, Wyneberg, &c. and in- 
deed wherever a house is built, a few trees are planted for 
shade, but the country for miles has nothing higher than 
heath, and for the greater part of the year is sterile looking. 
But in the season the whole face is covered with flowers; and 
such a face! fancy acres of heaths, of all colours, interspersed 
with Gladioles, [xias, Watsonias, Babianas, Lachenalias, &c. 
without end, all growing and flourishing in their native 
luxuriance. Some bunches of Mesembryanthemums near 
Sir Lowry Cole's pass were actually too bright to look at, I 
lived in one constant whirl of delight, that extacy in which 
we behold perfection. I could not see fast enough. Most 
of the Ixias were out of bloom, but their remains were like 


patches of a hay-field in seed, only the stems closer together. ` 


Myrtle hedges were eight and ten feet high; the one I saw 
at Sir John Herschell’s must have been more, and as close 
and substantial as our best holly hedges. We visited Villette’s, 
and Baron Ludwig’s garden, but where the whole country is 
a garden, these were of less interest, The Melia Azedarach, 
with its sweet lilac blossoms, is a beautiful and ornamental 
tree which I did not see wild. We visited the Constantias ; 
Great Constantia is beautiful, the soil is white, and looks 
like lime and sand intimately mixed. I thought of our 
gardener’s recommendation of lime rubbish for vines. 

To the Cape, Van Diemen’s Land is a direct contrast. 


a a 


i £l 
- 


53 


This is a country of hills, fringed to the very top, and per- 
haps about the thickest vegetation in the world. All is ever- 
green, and one dense mass of gloom. At first sight it is 
sombre enough, but like a dark beauty it has its charms. 
The wood is chiefly “ gum” (Eucalyptus), growing to an 
immense height, and throwing its long white arms about in 
a wild Salvator style. The young “gums” are beautiful, 
and their new shoots of reddish brown lightening into a paler 
hue, and deepening into myrtle green, with the light new 
shoots of the ‘ wattle” (Acacia), give a rich beauty of co- 
louring, delightful to the eye of a painter. Nature here must 
be painted to the life, there is nothing to soften. 

** There is a harshness and dryness in the texture of 
vegetation here that is very peculiar; even their kangaroo 
grass (Anthistiria australis), which is considered so nourish- 
ing, is hard and hairy, or rather wiry. The flowering shrubs 
are extremely pretty, but the flowers are very small. The 
Epacris impressa is in great quantities every where; but 
Heaths have not as yet been successfully cultivated here, and 
there are none native. The soil is very dry. But cultiva- 
tion of any kind is only creeping in; a Horticultural Society 
has this last year been formed at Launceston, and it is to 
be hoped knowledge and emulation may thus be excited ; 
hitherto sheep, sheep, from one end of the country to the 
other, with little more cultivation than each farm requires, 
land cheap, and labour dear, have caused this state of 
things: but the minimum price of land is now raised, and 
most of it is so bad that its value is far below that. Settlers 
must now rent from the great landholders, and the resources 
of the country must be made available. With science and 
judgment every thing and any thing may be done here : 
wherever English trees are planted there they flourish, but 
they are few and far between. The Sweetbriar is now 
seen in the woods, and grows to an immense size. The 
quantity of flowers and fruit, such as they are, is beyond 
belief, but there are none of the best kinds. Think of grafts 
here bearing the first year: an earnest of what might be. 
I succeeded in bringing here alive, but in bad health, the 
Lilies of the. Valley which you gave me; four leaves are 
green, the only morsel in the Southern hemisphere.” 


54 


71. DICHAA ochracea; foliis linearibus acutis carinatis, pedunculis foliorum 
feré longitudine, bracteá cucullata ovarii longitudine, sepalis petalisque ob- 
longis acutis, labello subrotundo rhomboideo sessili, columná pilosá, clinan- 
drio membranaceo-marginato, antherá bigibbosá. 

A small Demerara plant, with narrow leaves, and pale 
yellow-ochre-coloured flowers. It is next D. graminoides, 
which differs in having smaller flowers with very short 
peduncles, and both shorter and flatter leaves. Messrs. 
Loddiges obtained it from Demerara. 


72. GREVILLEA Thelemaniana; foliis trifido-pinnatifidis, laciniis linearibus 
subtus bisulcatis submucronatis junioribus appressé subpubescentibus, racemo 
denso. Hugel in litt. 


^ 


A beautiful New Holland shrub, with numerous racemes 
of crimson flowers, and narrow pinnatifid leaves. It has 
recently been raised at Vienna by Baron Hugel, to whom I 
am indebted for a knowledge of this and several other rare 
species now existing in his very valuable collection. It 
belongs to Brown's section of Grevillea proper. 


73. CONOSTYLIS juncea ; perigonio intus glabro, scapis indivisis capitulo 

vix longioribus, foliis teretiusculis laevibus. Hugel in litt. 

A rigid herbaceous plant, with leaves from six inches to 
a foot long, at the base of which grow heads of campa- 
nulate erect flowers. The tube of the perianth is yellowish 
green, covered with harsh hairs; the limb is divided into 
six, equal, acuminate segments, deep yellow at the base, 
whitish at the point, the stamens are six, and inserted equally 
into the throat of the perianth. It is a pretty greenhouse 
herbaceous plant, found on the south coast of New Holland 
by Baron Hugel, and raised at Vienna, where it has flowered. 


74. ACACIA cuneata. Benth. in Hugel’s enumeratio, p. 42. 


This plant, from the Swan River, has been raised at 
Vienna by Baron Hugel. It appears, from a drawing that 
has been sent me, to have glaucous wedge-shaped truncated 
phyllodia, and solitary yellow capitula, whose peduncle is 
nearly half the length of the leaf. It does not entirely agree 
with the definition given by Mr. Bentham, in the work above 
quoted, both the angles of the phyllodia being tipped with a 
spine, the midrib forking above the middle, each of its arms 
being directed towards an angle, and the peduncles being 


59 


much longer than the stipules, as well as much shorter than 
the phyllodia. 


75. THYSANOTUS isantherus. R. Brown Prodr. 139. 


This fine species has lately flowered at Vienna with Baron 
Hugel. It is a greenhouse herbaceous plant, with very short 
leaves, rushy stems, 1-13 foot high, and large purple- 
fringed flowers. It is one of the handsomest of the genus. 


76. ONCIDIUM unicorne; pseudobulbis ovalibus compressis diphyllis, foliis 
oblongo-linearibus recurvis, racemo composito ramis divaricatis rectiusculis, 
sepalis lateralibus in unum concavum emarginatum connatis, petalis obovatis 
undulatis, labelli lobis lateralibus nanis intermedioque emarginato rotundatis, 
disco basi transversé elevato anticé cornu ascendente compresso subfalcato 
acuto, alis columne angustis obsoletis. 

This is a pretty little species, with a compound straggling 
raceme of pale yellow flowers. The singular horn on the lip, 
to which it owes its name of the ** Unicorn," at once dis- 
tinguishes it from all species previously described. Messrs. 
Rollissons imported it from Rio, and flowered it three weeks 


since. 


77. EPIDENDRUM Candollei; pseudobulbis sphericis, scapo paniculato, 
sepalis petalisque obovato-oblongis, labelli liberi trilobi cucullati lobo medio 
crispo acuminato, disco elevato calloso sulcato pubescente. 


The first knowledge 1 had of this plant was from M. 
Alphonse DeCandolle, who shewed me a drawing of a very 
imperfect specimen that had flowered at Geneva, and which 
I took for a variety of Ep. asperum. Subsequently the same 
species has flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, and | find that 
it is distinct. The flowers are dull brown, with a dull yellow 
lip, striped with the same colour. It is a Mexican plant. 


78. GLAUCIUM rubrum. DC. prodr. 1. 122. 

This plant, a native of Asia Minor, and of Rhodes, is now 
a common biennial, under the name of G. elegans. It has 
handsome poppy-red flowers, not so large, but much richer 
than those of the common horned poppies. 


79. ERYSIMUM Perofskianum. Fischer & Meyer Ind. iv. p. 36. 

This very pretty hardy annual plant, with bright orange 
sweet-scented flowers, has been raised in the garden of the 
Horticultural Society, from seeds collected in the north of 


56 


India by Dr. Falconer. It was originally obtained from 
Caubul by some of the Russian emissaries in that kingdom, 
and sent from the St. Petersburgh garden to England. 


80. PAPAVER amenum ; caule simplici glaberrimo, foliis glaucis oblongis 
sessilibus pinnatifidis serratis, capsulá obovatá stipitatá glabrá, stigmate 
7-radiato. 

A beautiful annual poppy, raised by the Horticultural 
Society from seed sent from the north of India by Dr. 
Falconer. Its leaves are smooth and glaucous ; its petals a 
most brilliant vermilion pink with a whitish base. 


81. PIMELEA prostrata. Vahl. enum. 1. 306. 


This is a little shrub, with small decussating glaucous 
smooth leaves, hairy branches, and little lateral heads of 
white flowers, called in the gardens P. nove zelandie. It 
is said to be a native of arid mountains in New Zealand. 
Its appearance is neat and pretty, but by no means showy. 


82. MALVA mauritiana. Linn. sp. pl. 970. 

This beautiful hardy annual, a native of Algiers, has 
lately been recovered by the French, who have dispersed it 
under the name of the Zebra Mallow. It has pale blush 
flowers, deeply stained with rich purple veins. The plant 
usually sold in the seed-shops under the name of M. mau- 
ritiana is only a large state of M. sylvestris; and this, 


beautiful as it is, seems to be nothing more than a variety of 
that species. 


83. SAPONARIA perfoliata. Roxb. hort. beng. 34. 


An annual, with small pink flowers of very little beauty. 
It has been raised in the garden of the Horticultural Society 
from seeds collected in the north of India by Dr. Falconer. 


84. CENTAUREA pulcra. DC. prodr, vii. 578. 


This most beautiful annual has been raised in the garden 
of the Horticultural Society from seeds collected in the 
north of India by Dr. Falconer. The leaves are narrow and 
hoary. The scales of the involucre are green, bordered with 
a silvery pectinated margin; the flowers are the deepest 
blue in the cireumference and violet in the centre. No 
plant can be more worthy of cultivation as a hardy annual. 


Pa E 


— > 


E 


57 


85. VERONICA formosa. R. Br. prodr. 290. 


This pretty small-leafed shrub, white-flowered, evergreen 
and hardy, inhabiting the highest mountains of Van Diemen’s 
Land, has lately flowered in the garden of the Horticultural 
Society. Its power of existing in water only is quite extra- 
ordinary ; I have a specimen now before me, of which a 
twig placed in a vial of water has lived six weeks, ripened 
its seeds, and is now as fresh and healthy as it was at first. 


Genera et Species Gentianearum, adjectis observationibus quibusdam phyto- 
geographicis; auctore A. H. R. Grisebach, M.D. 8vo. Stuttgart and 
Tubingen, 1839, pp. 364. 


The extensive order of Gentianaceous plants, notwith- 
standing the difficulty or even impossibility of cultivating 
many of the species, is very interesting to the Botanist, both 
on account of the beauty and variety of a large proportion 
of the genera, and because of the difficulty of determining 
their limits and of reconciling the discordant opinions of 
systematical writers upon that subject. 

When, therefore, Dr. Grisebach undertook the elabora- 
tion of the order, the result of which is now before us, his 
task was one of no common kind, and had he addressed 
himself to it with less patience, or fewer materials, or a less 
clear perception of the true principles of generic limitation, 
his work might have been a useful compilation for other 
Botanists, but could not have taken the high station among 
philosophical systematical writings, to which this has un- 
questionably a claim. ! 

The materials at the author's disposal have been the rich 
herbaria of Chamisso, Kunth and other Berlin botanists, 
the miscellaneous collections of Sir Wm. Hooker and other 
strangers, the Indian species of Wight and Arnott, the Cape 
herbarium of Ecklon, and other collections of considerable 
importance. 

The natural character of the order, as regards the organs 
of both vegetation and reproduction, is given at considerable 
length, and is followed by some interesting morphological 
observations. These relate to the anatomy of the nodes of 
the stem, the inflorescence, and the organization of the 
flower. The author distinguishes two kinds of nodes in. 


58 


dicotyledonous plants, one the nodus integer, from all parts 
of which the fibrovascular tissue proceeds into the leaf; 
the other the nodus partialis, where the fibrovascular tissue 
passes into the leaf at one point only. The nodus integer 
is universal in the order, and Dr. Grisebach considers that 
by this character Gentianacee are certainly known from 
Cinchonacee, Spigeliacez, and others. 

The organization of the flower of Swertia perennis and 
Gentiana lutea, is traced from the earliest period when it is 
distinctly visible up to the state of maturity. He finds the 
petals originally distinct, although eventually consolidated 
into a monopetalous corolla; the stamens distinct from the 
corolla, and exactly like nascent leaves, although eventually 
adherent to the petals; and the carpels also distinct; the con- 
solidation of all these parts takes place subsequently, and 
when the flower bud is about a line long. The placentation 
of Gentiana lutea is from the beginning marginal to a car- 
pel, and consequently at variance with the modern views of 
Schleiden and Schykofsky, who deny the truth of the theory 
that the origin of ovules is from the margin of carpellary 
leaves, and refer all placentation to the growing point. 

The author next considers the limits, principles of division, 
and affinities of the order; he admits the small natural order 
Columelliacez, and proposes a new order (Bolivariacee ) to 
include Bolivaria and Menodora. The geographical dis- 
tribution of the order is considered at length, and at the same 
time several general questions of interest in Botanical 
geography are discussed at considerable length. It is found 
that in all 343 Gentianaceous plants are known, and that the 
only parts of the world in which some one or other does not 
occur, are some islands in the Pacific, the tropical parts of 
New Holland, Timor, Sumatra, and some other parts of the 
Polynesian Flora, the deserts of Africa, the littoral of Vene- 
zuela ; and that they have scarcely been found on the moun- 
tains of Southern Europe. Of the species, 210 are tropical 
and 133 are extratropical. 

The order is divided into 40 genera, distributed through 
seven tribes; the detailed account of which is preceded by an 
excellent analytical table of the genera, tribes and species. 
Of Exacum 13 species are enumerated, of the beautiful genus 
Sabbatia 11, of Erythrea 17, of Lisianthus 33, and of Gen- 
tiana, to which are reduced most of the genera separated by 


d 


aal. 


59 


Professor Don and some other modern Botanists, there are 
125 species. Professor Don's genera Ophelia and Agathotes 
are combined, and 15 species of the two are described. 
Finally, our wild Villarsia nymphoides is referred, with some 
others, to the genus Limnanthemum of Gmelin, distinguished 
from the true Villarsias by its indehiscent fruit. 


85. DENDROBIUM bicameratum ; caulibus fusiformibus, foliis lineari-lan- 
ceolatis apice obliqué bidentatis, pedunculis lateralibus squamatis 4-floris, 
floribus concavis subcarnosis, sepalis petalisque subrotundo-ovatis acutis, 
labelli trilobi laciniá intermedia rotundatá apiculatá carnosá lateralibus trian- 
gularibus acutis breviore, column facie excavatá semibiloculari. 

A native of the north of India, whence it was brought by 
Mr. Gibson for the Duke of Devonshire. I am indebted to 
George Barker, Esq. of Birmingham, for a specimen. The 
stems appear to grow nearly upright, and are rather short, 
fusiform and furrowed when old. The flowers are a little 
smaller than those of Maxillaria stapelioides, and like them 
in form; their colour is dull po spotted and streaked 
with purple. In the specimen 1 examined the flowers grew 
in fours, on a very short peduncle, closely covered with 
ovate concave bracts, speckled with purple. The excavation 
of the face of the column, and its division into two cells are 


remarkable. 


86. GONGORA nigrita ; hypochilii convexi cornubus lateralibus ascendentibus 
abbreviatis aristis setaceis, epichilio acuminato apice uncinato breviore. 
This is much the darkest of the Gongoras, the appear- 

ance of the flowers being like that of the deepest puce- 

coloured velvet. It is very nearly the same as G. atropur- 

— but the lower half of the lip is convex not concave, 

onger than the upper half not shorter, and the horns at its 
sides are very short. It was imported from Demerara by 

S. Rucker, Esq. Jun. who informs me that the smell is quite 

different from that of G. atropurpurea. 


87. SPIREA cuneifolia. Wallich cat. no. 699. (S. canescens. Don prodr. 

fl. nep. 227. DeCand. prodr. 2. 544. 

This is a pretty and very hardy shrub, found in the cold 
parts of India, and recently introduced by the Honourable 
Court of Directors of the East India Company, by whom 
seeds were given to the Horticultural Society. It forms 


H. August, 1839. i 


60 


at present an erect bush, with downy angular arching 
stems, from which proceed numerous short, stiff branches, 
terminated by close corymbose panicles of downy white 
flowers. The petals are round, entire, and nearly flat. The 
leaves are small, thick, downy, wedge-shaped, and either 
crenated near the point or undivided; they are bright green 
on the upper side, and glaucous beneath, with nothing of a 
canescent appearance, which is only visible when they are 
dried ; wherefore, independently of all other reasons, Dr. 
Wallich’s name is to be preferred to that of Professor Don. 


88. SPIRAEA vacciniifolia. Don prodr. 227. DC. prodr. 2. 546. 


This has also been obtained from the same quarter as the 
last; and is equally hardy. It forms a small shrub, with 
small brown, nearly smooth branches, leaves ovate, serrated, 
sometimes unequally, light green above, glaucous beneath, 
and small compact corymbose downy panicles of white 
flowers, with flat roundish petals. 


89. SPIRZEA laxiflora ; fruticosa, ramis debilibus teretibus velutinis, foliis 
glabris ovatis crenatis longé petiolatis subtús glaucis, paniculis laxis villosis, 


petalis reflexis. 

With the two last was received this third species, which 
has hitherto been undescribed. It resembles S. vacciniifolia 
in the form of the leaves, and the colour of their underside, 
but they are long-stalked and rather glaucous above, and the 
flowers are arranged in large, loose, shaggy panicles; the 
petals are moreover reflexed. The species differs from S. 
fastigiata, Wall. in the leaves having much longer stalks, 
being more ovate, with crenatures rather than taper-pointed 
serratures, and in the panicles being much more lax. 


90. MEDICAGO clypeata; foliolis rhombeis obovatis apiculatis versus apicem 
denticulatis, stipulis pinnatifidis, pedunculis subtrifloris, leguminibus depres- 
sis biconvexis pentacyclis venosis margine tenuibus levibus. 


Quite a new form of Medicago, allied to M. rugosa, im- 
ported from the north of India by the East India Company. 
It has no beauty, but it is curious on account of the singular 
form of the fruit, which approaches in appearance those 
species called ‘‘ Snails” in the seed-shops. 


Cat- 


61 


91. PHAIUS bicolor. Lindl. g. et sp. orch. p. 128. Sertum Orchida- 

ceum, t.25. 

This, which is one of the handsomest species in the fine 
genus to which it belongs, has flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, 
who imported it from Ceylon. Its sepals and petals are, in 
that island, a very bright deep red, and the lip is yellow; but 
owing to unhealthiness or some other cause the colours of 
Messrs. Loddiges’ plant were by no means of their native 
brilliancy : for it is certain that they are fully as bright and 
rich as in the figure in the Sertum Orchidaceum. 


92. GOODYERA rubicunda (Neottia rubicunda. Blume Bijdr. p. 408). 


This plant has flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, who re- 
ceived it from Manilla, from Mr. Cuming. It has the habit 
of Goodyera procera, but is smaller; the scape and spike 
are rather more than a foot high, downy, and of a dull 
cinnamon brown. The flowers are also downy and of the 
same colour, with the exception of the lip, which is white, 
and densely fringed inside with glandular hairs. The 
whole of Blame's 3rd section of Neottia appears to belong 
to Goodyera. 


93. MAXILLARIA lentiginosa ; bracteis latè ovatis acuminatis, labelli lobo 
medio ovato-oblongo obtuso, cristá transversá medio processu quadrato tri- 
dentato auctá, antherz apice incurvo; alioquin M. stapelioidi similis. 


A plant very like Maxillaria stapelioides; but the sepals 
are more acute, the purple spots redder, more distinct, and 
less run into bars; the lip is of the same colour as the petals, 
and its transverse crest has a square three-toothed process 
in the middle. , Imported from Brazil by Messrs. Loddiges. 


94. VANDA congesta; folis oblongis coriaceis apice obliquis mucronulatis, 
spicis capitatis subsessilibus, perianthio carnoso fragili, sepalis oblongo-line- 
aribus petalisque lineari-spathulatis obtusissimis, labello oblongo limbo sub- 
deltoideo crenulato papilloso basi excavato pubescente, columns angulis 


mucronatis. 


A small yellow and brown-flowered species from Ceylon, 
communicated by Messrs. Loddiges. It is near V. multiflora 
in the structure of the flowers, but the dense inflorescence 
and bearded sac of the labellum are obvious marks of dis- 


tinction. 


62 


MEXICAN PINES. 


Among the collections of seeds formed in 1838 in the 
mountainous districts north of Mexico, by Mr. Hartweg, for 
the Horticultural Society, are many species of Pinus, among 
which six are quite new. As the Society is about to distri- 
bute the seeds of these plants, it is desirable that they should 
in the first instance be described, in order that no confusion 
may be hereafter introduced among the garden plants. They 
may therefore bear the following names. 


95. PINUS Hartwegii, ; tetraphylla, foliis secundariis angustissimis primariis 
membranaceis elongatis scariosis, strobilis pendulis oblongis obtusis aggre- 
gatis; squamis apice transversis medio depressis umbonatis ecarinatis um- 
bone recto rotundato, seminibus subrotundis cuneatis ala testaceà 4-pló 
brevioribus. 


The cones are about four inches long, and about two 
inches or rather more in diameter, of a clear greyish brown, 
and as broad at the one end as the other. The branches are 
very stout, like those of P. palustris. The leaves are almost 
invariably in fours, and rather more than. six inches long. 
Mr. Hartweg sent it from the “Campanario,” where he found 
it forming a tree 40 or 50 feet high, and beginning to appear 
where the Oyamel, or Abies religiosa, ceases. 


U v 
96. PINUS Devoniana; pentaphylla, foliis longissimis, ramis crassissimis, 
strobilis ) oce solitariis corniformibus obtusis: squamis apice rotundatis 
rhomboideis lineá transversá paulo elevatá opacis griseis medio abrupté um- 


bonatis obtusis levigatis, seminibus obovatis ala nigricante quintupló 
brevioribus, 


This noble species is the ** Pino blanco," or ** P. real," of 
the Mexicans. Mr. Hartweg describes it as a hardy tree 
from 60 to 80 feet high, found on the Ocotillo between Real 
del Monte and Regla. The cones are from nine to ten 
inches long, curved, about three inches in diameter near the 
base, and tapering till they are not more than one inch and 
three-quarters broad at the point. The young shoots are 
nearly an inch in diameter, and look very like those of Pinus 
palustris. It is worthy of bearing the name of His Grace 
the Duke of Devonshire, whose arboretum at Chatsworth 


se it is to be hoped be soon augmented by this truly regal 
plant. 


CAT GA 


63 


97. PINUS Russelliana ; pentaphylla, foliis longissimis, strobilis elongatis 
horizontalibus subcernuis verticillatis rectiusculis sessilibus: squamis apice 
rhomboideis pyramidatis rectis obtusis, seminibus oblongis alà nigricante 
4-pló brevioribus. 

Found on the road from San Pedro to S. Pablo, near 
Real del Monte. It differs from P. Devoniana in its cones 
being shorter, not pendulous, nor curved, with the ends of 
the scales distinctly pyramidal. The cones are from seven 
to eight inches long, about two inches wide near the base, 
and almost acute at the upper end. I trust to be excused in 
the eyes of His Grace the Duke of Bedford, if 1 propose to 
attach the name of Russell to this fine species. 


98. PINUS macrophylla ; pentaphylla, foliis longissimis, strobilis rectis hori- 
zontalibus ovatis elongatis solitariis : squamis apice transversis rhomboideis 
runcinatis, seminibus subrhomboideis rugosis ala testaceá 4-plà brevioribus. 
The leaves of this are from fourteen to fifteen inches 

long; the cones grow singly, and are about six or seven 

inches long, about three inches broad near the base, and 
taper gradually into an obtuse point. The species differs 
from P. Russelliana in the longer leaves and shorter and 
stouter cones, the ends of whose scales are strongly hooked 
backwards. Mr. Hartweg found a single tree, of small size, 
on the ** Ocotillo." ` o— 


99. PINUS pseudostrobus ; pentaphylla, foliis'tenuissimis glaucescentibus, stro- 
bilus ovalibus verticillatis horizontalibus ; squamis apice rhomboideis py- 
ramidatis erectis rectiusculis linea elevatá transversá, seminibus ovalibus ala 
nigrescente quadrupló v. quintupló brevioribus. 

Mr. Hartweg describes this as allied to Pinus Devoniana, 
but quite distinct and resembling P. Strobus in habit; he 
found it very common at Anganguco, about 8000 feet above 
the sea. The leaves are fine and glaucous, like those of the 
Weymouth Pine. The cones are about four inches long, by 
an inch and half in breadth over the middle. 


100. PINUS apulcensis ; pentaphylla, foliis tenuibus abbreviatis a 
glaucis, strobilis pendulis verticillatis ovatis acutis: squamis rhomboideis 
pyramidatis rectis nunc elongatis medio constrictis, seminibus ovalibus ala 
lineari quadruplo brevioribus. 

The short leaves and very glaucous shoots distinguish 
this, independently of the ovate cones, covered closely with 
pyramidal elevations, which are sometimes prolonged and 


64 


contracted in the middle, especially those near the points of 
the cones. The leaves are not more than six inches long, 
the cones are about four inches long, and very regularly 
ovate. Mr. Hartweg found it in ravines near Apulco grow- 


ing fifty feet high. 


101. CUPRESSUS thurifera (Schlechtendahl) ; 


Found near Anganguco and Tlalpuxahua, forming a tree 
50 to 60 feet high ; 


102. JUNIPERUS tetragona (Schlechtendahl) ; 


a beautiful shrub, with quadrangular branches and small 
glaucous fruit, making a bush from four to five feet high, on 
the road from Real del Monte to Chico; 


103. JUNIPERUS flaccida (Schlechtendahl) ; 


a beautiful small tree from 15 to 20 feet high, with 
weeping branches and glaucous fruit as large as a hazel 
nut, from the neighbourhood of Regla; and 


104. JUNIPERUS mexicana (Schiede) ; 

an upright shrub or small tree, with large greenish, irre- 
gularly oblong fruit, producing a resin like Sandarach in the 
Real del Monte mountains; have also been received by the 


Society, and their seeds are in the course of distribution to 
the Fellows. 


Notes upon the Plants that produce some of the fetid gum-resins of the 
Materia Medica. 


There is so much uncertainty in the source from which 
the foetid gum resins are obtained, the origin of Galbanum 
and Sagapenum being unknown, that of Asafetida disputed, 
and that of Ammoniacum dependent upon evidence which 
requires confirmation, that any new information upon this 
subject is of interest. Through the kindness of the Honour- 
able W. F. Strangways, I have been put in possession of 
some new evidence collected in Persia by Sir John McNiell, 
and it is so satisfactory as to deserve to be made known. 


105. Ammoniacum is certainly produced, as Professor 
Don states, by Dorema ammoniacum, it having been found 


B Re 


erd 


65 


sticking in abundance to the inflorescence of a specimen 
gathered in flower, between Ghorian and Khaff. It is un- 
doubtedly the secretion of the plant, and has been obligingly 
identified for me by Mr. Pereira. It is however deserving 
notice that a lump of Gum Ammoniac itself, from the 
neighbourhood of Ghorian, was mixed with numerous fruits 
of a Ferula, but not with one of the Dorema. 


106. The discrepancy between the statements of Pallas 
and Kæmpfer, as to the origin of Asafætida, is not settled ; 
Sir J. McNiell’s collection not answering to the statements 
of either. Three samples of Asafcetida fruit were sent home, 
none of which belong either to F. persica or F. asafcetida ; 
one of the samples is near the former species, but the fruit is 
broader and larger, corresponding with it however in thick- 
ness, and in the almost total want of a thin margin; the 
other two samples are different from each other, as well 
as from fruit formerly sent from Persia, and described by me 
in the Flora Medica, No. 97, as those of the true F. asafcetida; 
they more resemble the F. Hooshee, No. 100 of the same 
work, but are larger, and have their dorsal vittæ much 
elevated and undulated. From this I think we must con- 
clude that Asafcetida is collected indiscriminately from 
various species of Ferula found wild in Persia, and that it is 
not the produce of any one species in particular. 


107. Of Galbanum, what has been thought to be the 
fruit has been described by Professor Don, from specimens 
found sticking to samples of the imported drug; but there 
is nothing to shew that the drug and the fruit belonged to 
each other, and I think that the evidence now in my pos- 
session renders it probable that there was no connection 
between the two. Sir J. McNiell sent home specimens 
of a plant called a 2nd sort of ammoniacum, gathered near 
Durrood, June 27, 1838, to the branches of which are sticking. 
lumps of a pale yellow waxy gum resin, which I took for 
Galbanum, and upon which Mr. Pereira, who has examined 
it, makes the following remark :—** It is not asafcetida ; it is 
not ammoniacum ; neither does it accord with either galba- 
num or sagapenum, as met with in the shops or in my 
museum. Both these substances, however, vary somewhat in 
their properties, and therefore I could not deny the identity 


66 


of your sample with some specimens of either of them. Of 
the four foetid gum resins above referred to, it certainly ap- 
proaches Galbanum the nearest.” 


From this it is I think clear, that the species in question, 
if not the origin of Galbanum, must be very near it. Now 
its fruit has no resemblance to that called Galbanum by Pro- 
fessor Don, and in fact the plant itself is new to science. 
At tirst I took the specimens for a new kind of Opopanax, 
supposing my fruit to be very young ; for they are in no small 
degree like that of Opopanax shortly after flowering; but 
when I found them containing solidified albumen, no doubt 
could be entertained of their being in nearly a perfect state. 
This plant, instead of being a neighbour of Ferula and Opo- 
eiue. must be stationed somewhere in the neighbourhood of 

myrnium, from all whose related genera it is essentially dis- 
tinguished by the surface and vitte of the fruit. The following 
name and character are what 1 would propose for its future 
designation. 


108. : OPOIDIA. 


Flores polygami. Calyx obsoletus, 5-dentatus, equalis. Petala ovata, acumi- 
nata, acumine inde. Fructus teres, ovalis.  Mericarpia jugis 3 primariis 
angulos obcuros referentibus: valleculis planis. Vitte jugorum primario- 
rum solitarie minuts, secundariorum maxim: solitarie, commissurales dua 
maxime ‘dueque obsolete. Semen involutum. Herba erecta, minuté 
scabra. ` Folia lata bipinnata. Umbelle terminales et laterales composite. 
Involucrum universale subnullum, partiale polyphyllum. Flores pallidé 
flavi. - | 


Oporpia galbanifera. Hab. in Persia, provincia Khorasan prope Durrood. 

Folia bipinnata, bijuga, petiolo glabro, ceeterúm scabriuscula ; foliolis oblongis, 
obtusis, serrulatis, decurrentibus, Opopanacis facie. Caulis elatus, robus- 
tus, glaber; umbellis quibusdam sessilibus in axilla ramorum, quibusdam 
terminalibus pedunculatis; radii umbellarum umbellulis 3-pló longiores. 
Invol. univ. nullum, aut parcum, foliolis ovatis. membranaceo-marginatis ; 
cete polyphyllum, conforme. Umbellule patul«e, pedicellis fruetu dupló 
ongioribus, Petala albida, ovata, parva, acumine lineari acuto inflexo. 
Discus 4 clypeatus, decagonus, fere astylus. Fructus junioris teretis 
ovalis basi pauló angustati juga primaria anguli tantum obsoleti, quorum 
lateralia marginantia, valleculis planis. Albumen intüs sulcatum, dorso 
alté exaratum ad vittas 4 maximas recipiendas; vittee sub jugis minime in 
medio pericarpii; commissuralés duse maximz antesulcum albuminis, duce 
minimz in medio inter axin et marginem, 


—— 


TN 


67 


109. ANGRACUM armeniacum ; caulescens, foliis distichis canaliculatis 
apice obliqué et acuté bidentatis, spicis lateralibus horizontalibus secundis, 
sepalis ovatis, petalis linearibus, labelli 3-lobi laciniis lateralibus acuminatis 
intermediá triangulari longioribus, calcare pendulo clavato basi compresso 
calyce duplo longiore. 

This very singular plant is a native of Sierra Leone, 
whence it has been obtained by Messrs. Loddiges. Its 
flowers are of a uniform apricot-colour, small, secund, and 
closely arranged in a horizontal lateral spike. The habit is 
that of a Saccolabium. It is very distinct from all that have 
before been seen, but has some affinity with Angrecum 
mystacinum. The spur is twice as long as the calyx, com- 
pressed at the base, and then inflated a little so as to appear 


clavate. 
110. MALACHADENIA (Vandez). 


Flos resupinatus. Sepala lateralia connata, apice reflexa libera, galeam for- 
mantia; dorsale cordatum acuminatum. Petala minima, squameformia, 
rotundata, Labellum carnosum, margine revolutum, basi mucronatum, cum 
pede elongato columnse sepalis lateralibus galeatis adnate articulatum. 
Columna antice bicirrhosa, basi longé productá, stigmate lineari oblongo. 
-Anthera 2-locularis, decidua. Pollinia 2, ceracea, sessilia, glandulá molli, 
cubicá, nudá. Herba repens, pseudobulbis monophyllis, scapo radicali, 
floribus carnosis galeatis. 


MALACHENIA clavata. 
Rhizoma repens. Pseudobulbi subglobosi, monopbylli. Folia angusté 
ovalia, carnosa. Scapus radicalis, foliis ter longior, erectus, teres, apice cla- 
vatus, subbiflorus; axi spice articulata: internodiis clavatis. Spica termi- 
nalis, pauciflora. Bracteze membranacez, ferruginez, reflexze. Ovarium 
brevissimum. Flores obscuré virides purpureo maculati. Sepala lateralia 
acuminata, apice revoluta, basi obscuré semisagittata; supremum subcorda- 
tum: sinu lato inter sepala. Petala squamiformia, rotundata, obsoleta. 

Glandula polliniorum mollis, subcubica, cinnamomea, cui pollinia leviter 

annectantur. 

This very singular plant was given to Mr. Bateman by 
Mr. Wm. Miner of Lambeth, who received it from Rio in 
1836. It is a remarkable genus, resembling Megaclinium 
in some respects, but belonging in reality to Vandew, among 
which it is marked by the nearly total absence of petals, 
the cirrhate column, and the soft fleshy cinnamon-coloured 
gland, to which a pair of reniform pollen-masses are slightly 
attached. In this division of Orchidacee it is uncertain 


. Where it must stand; probably other genera stil undis- 


covered will connect it with the system better than can at 


present be done. | 
I. September, 1839. k 


68 


The scape is about nine inches long; the flowers are 
fleshy, dull green, slightly spotted with purple. The labellum 
is an ovate fleshy body with revolute edges, concave only on 
the upper side, and with two little mucronate processes at 
the base, one on each side. 


111. SENECIO odoratus. Horn. hort. hafn. 2. 809. DC. prodr. vi. 371. 


Why this is called ** sweet-scented ”.is unintelligible, for 
it has no smell It is a glaucous herbaceous plant, with 
simple terete stems, rising in a crowd from the crown of the 
root, and growing one and a half to two feet high. "The 
leaves are firm like those of an evergreen bush, oblong, 
toothed, auriculate, and covered with a thick blue bloom, 
which however readily rubs off, when they become bright 
green and shining; they are not however acuminate, as 
DeCandolle describes them, in the garden plant. The 
flower-heads are yellow, small, scentless, rayless, and ar- 
ranged in corymbose panicles; and although destitute of 
individual beauty, they form rather a pretty effect by the 
neatness of their figure, their abundance, and the contrast 
of their colour with that of the leaves. I leave this plant in 
Senecio, observing, however, that its receptacle is alveolate, 
and the alveoli bordered by a deep irregularly toothed border, 
which gives the receptacle the appearance of being paleate. 
The plant has flowered in the garden of the Horticultural 
Society, where it has been raised from seeds collected in the 


south-east interior of New Holland by Major Sir Thomas 
Mitchell. 


112. EURYBÍA glutinosa; fruticosa, undique puncticulis elevatis cinereis 
scabriuscula, ramis subangulatis glutinosis calvis, foliis linearibus utrinque 
viridibus obtusis margine rotundatis nec revolutis, pedunculis corymbosis 
monocephalis foliorum longitudine, invol. cylindracei squamis ovato-lineari- 
bus apice obtusis herbaceis margine membranaceis, radio 9- 12-floro invo- 


lucro longiore. 

A native of Van Diemen's Land, where its seeds were 
collected by Mr. Bunce, who sent them to the Horticultural 
Society. It forms an erect shrub, closely covered with long 
narrow leaves like those of rosemary in form, and produces 
in the month of August, at the end of its young shoots, from 
three to five heads of flowers, whose starry ray is long and 
a clear pale violet. It is a pretty addition to the Conserva- 
tory. This species is nearly related to Eurybia ledifolia, a 


| RU 


X 


/ Ww 


69 


species partly described by M. DeCandolle from specimens 
collected by Mr. Gunn, (no. 284), and sent him by me; but 
it differs from that plant in not having shaggy involucres, 
and in its leaves, which are longer and thinner, not being 
revolute at the margin, &c. In habit it is more like E. glan- 
dulosa, DC. also a Van Diemen's Land plant ; but the latter 
species has numerous campanulate flower-heads and a short 
ray. All the green parts of this plant are covered by specks 
of a whitish viscid exudation. 


113. STANHOPÉÁ oculata. Botanical Register, t. 1800. 
Var. Barkeriana ; sepaly petalis et columnæ dorso purpureo maculatis, hypo- 
chilii sacco discolore. 

This is a remarkable variety of S. oculata, obtained from 
Mexico by Mr. Barker. It looks like S. insignis with the 
lip of S. oculata, and is very handsome. The sepals, petals, 
and column are covered with numerous purple freckles rather 
than spots, which, as the flower fades, run together, as if 
their colouring matter were dissolved; so that at last the 
flower becomes of a dull wine-red tint. 


114. PORTULĀCĂ grandi ora ; rutila. Hooker in Botanical Magazine, 

t. 2885. 

This is a beautiful variety of a greenhouse perennial, of 
whose brilliancy the figure above quoted in the Botanical 
Magazine gives an inadequate idea. The flowers are the 
richest crimson, more bright than even P. Gilliesii, and they 
are nearly as large as a half-crown when full blown. The 
plant is succulent, with long cylindrical leaves, and will only 
expand its blossoms under sunshine; but as it is easily culti- 
vated that circumstance signifies little, and when it does open 
it is a magnificent object. The plants I am describing have 
been raised in the garden of the Horticultural Society, from 
seed sent from Florence by the Hon. Frederick Thelluson. 
The species is a native of Mendoza. 


115, STENOCHILUS longifolius (A. Cunn. mss.); foliis linearibus canali- 
culatis acuminatis coriaceis glanduloso-punctatis minutissimé pubescentibus 
floribus pluriés longioribus, corollá tomentosa : limbo subeequaliter 5-par- 
tito, ovario biloculari. 

A shrub, discovered many years ago by Mr. Allan Cun- 
ningham, in the interior of New Holland, and latterly again 


met with by Major Sir Thomas Mitchell, by whose people it 


70 


was called “Lemon Haws,” on account of the odour of its 
fleshy fruit. It forms a small bush, flowering in its native 
country in March, but here in the month of August. The 
leaves are long, very narrow, coriaceous, conspicuously 
marked with glandular dots, and apparently smooth, until 
they are examined by a microscope, when they are seen to 
be covered with fine short close-pressed hairs. The flowers 
are about an inch long, single or in pairs in the axils of the 
leaves, downy, and of a dull greenish red colour, with the 
stamens a little projecting. In both this and the next the 
ovary is bilocular. The corolla of Stenochilus, although 
formed upon the same plan as that of other labiate flowers, 
differs in this, that the four upper lobes grow into an upper 
lip, and that which is usually the middle lobe of the lower 
lip forms by itself the whole lower lip, which is rolled back 
upon itself. 


116. STENOCHILUS incanus ; tota pilis minimis stellatis incano-tomentosa, 
foliis ovali-lanceolatis obtusis in petiolum angustatis impunctatis, corolla 
tomentosa utrinque glandulis pruinosá : labio superiore cymbiformi quadri- 
dentato inferiore semilibero revoluto multó longiore, ovario biloculari. 
Another shrub resulting from Sir Thomas Mitchell's last 

journey into the south-east interior of New Holland, for 

which the Society is indebted to that distinguished officer. 

It forms a gray bush, looking like an olive, or some leafless 

Acacia, and is covered closely with a short white down, con- 

sisting of stellate hairs ; a circumstance deserving of atten- 

tion in such a natural order as that of Myoporacee. The 
flowers are solitary, axillary, and rather more than an inch 
long. The corolla is dull green, with the upper lip com- 
pressed, slightly toothed at the point, beyond which the 
stamens project a little, and much longer than the lower lip. 

The leaves have not the transparent dots of the last species 

at all distinctly ; but traces of dots may be found upon 

cutting into the leaves. The whole surface of the corolla is 
studded with beautiful but microscopical pin-headed trans- 
parent glandular hairs. 


- v vuv à 
117. ASTERACANTHA longifolia. Nees in Wall. plant. As. rar. iii. 
p. 90. 


This is a handsome greenhouse herbaceous perennial, 
seeds of which were sent to the Horticultural Society by 
Mr. McCulloch, one of the gardeners to His Highness the 


71 


Pacha of Egypt. It forms a bright rich green bushy plant, 
with long thin rough-haired opposite lanceolate’ leaves, 
which are auricled and amplexicaul, and in their axils it 
bears whorls of gay blue labiate flowers. If care is taken 
to reduce the vigour of leaves, by not giving the plant too 
much shade and moisture, it becomes very handsome ; but if 
it is permitted to “ run to leaf” too much, its beauty is con- 
siderably impaired. 

Two circumstances connected with this Asteracantha de- 
serve particular notice. The whorls of leaves are in sixes, 
two of the leaves being larger than the other four. The 
largest leaves are the ordinary leaves of the stem, and each 
forms at its axil a short cluster of flowers; below which two 
other leaves, smaller than the first, make their appearance at 
right angles with the latter, so that there are three leaves, 
two small and one large, on each side of the stem. 

But the stem leaves attempt in the first instance to pro- 
duce an ordinary branch from their axils; in this however 
they do not succeed : the branch is abortive, and remains in 
the form of a spine ; the secondary leaves also attempt each 
for itself to produce axillary branches, with a like want of 
success, and a similar result, spines being produced instead ; 
and hence each whorl of flowers is surrounded by six 
spines, forming a star: whence the name of Asteracantha 


(acrnp, a star, axavOa, a spine) has been contrived. 


118. CIRRHOPETALUM nutans ; pseudobulbis ovato-subrotundis rugosis, 
foliis ovato-subrotundis emarginatis coriaceis humi pronis, scapo erecto 
elongato, umbellá multiflora nutante, bracteis linearibus acuminatis, sepalis 
glaberrimis: supremo acuminato lateralibus linearibus ligulatis vix acutis, 
petalis ovatis acutis serrulatis, labello obtuso convexo bicristato, columne 
angulis obsoleté bidentatis. 

A pretty little epiphyte, sent to Messrs. Loddiges from 
Manilla by Mr. Cumming. It has a nodding umbel of pale 
straw-coloured flowers, at the end of a weak scape about six 
inches high. The leaves are from an inch and half to two 
inches long,-very thick, emarginate, and lying almost flat 
upon the ground. The species is very near C. Wallichii, a 
Nepalese plant, the specific character of which in the Genera 
and Species of Orchidaceous plants is erroneous, in conse- 
quence of bad specimens and an Indian drawing having been 
misunderstood. It is necessary to correct the definition of 


that species as follows. 


72 


119. CIRRHOPETALUM Wallichit (Gen. et sp. orch. p. 59.); foliis lan- 
ceolatis apice fissis scapi erecti longitudine, racemo multifloro pendulo, 
bracteis linearibus acuminatis, sepalis glaberrimis supremo acuminato la- 
teralibus linearibus ligulatis vix acutis, petalis acuminatis subciliatis, 


ubéello 3. . 7... 


120, CIRRHOPETALUM fimbriatum; pseudobulbis ovatis subtetragonis, 
folis ovalibus . . ... , Scapo erecto, bracteis linearibus acuminatis, um- 
bellá multiflora, sepalis lateralibus ligulatis vix acutis coherentibus supremo 
petalisque ovatis acuminatis fimbriatis, labello crasso linguiformi nudo ob- 
tuso, column: angulis cornutis edentulis, antherá papillosá. 

A very pretty new species of this curious genus, with the 
long lower green sepals united into a channelled rather stiff 
strap, while the upper sepal and the petals are broken up at 
the margin into beautiful purple fringes. It is extremely 
different from all the species previously known, and was im- 
ported from Bombay by Messrs. Loddiges. In both this 
and C. nutans the pollen-masses are four in number, and 
collateral, all adhering together, with the interior pair much 
smaller than the two outer. 


121. CIRRHJEA saccata ; pseudobulbis ovatis obtusé tetrapteris inter an- 
gulos costatis, foliis oblongis plicatis sub-septem-costatis in pseudobulbos 
omnino sessilibus, scapo pendulo trigono, racemo multifloro, sepalis oblongis 
obtusis lateralibus margine revolutis, petalis lineari-lanceolatis obtusis basi 
teretibus compressis, labelli lobo medio galeato saccato. 

This is a very distinct species of the curious genus 
Cirrhza, for which I have to thank His Grace the Duke of 
Bedford, by whose directions it was sent me from Woburn, 
where it flowered in August. From all the previously known 
species it differs in the middle lobe of the lip being concave, 
and having very much the form of that of many Satyria. 
It has the general appearance of the other species, but its 
raceme is nearly a foot long, and the dull yellow green 
flowers are twice as large as those of any before discovered. 
It has been figured in the Botanical Magazine under the 
name of C. fusco-lutea, which is a different plant. 


122. CYTISUS Weldenti. Host. ft. austr. 2. 339. 


Baron Jacquin, in a letter 1 have recently received, ex- 
presses his surprise at the opinion given in one of our Eng- 
lish books that this species is the same as C. Laburnum or 
C. alpinus. He says it is impossible to confound a plant hav- 
Ing erect racemes, which do not droop even when ‘in fruit, and 


ES 


I" 


73 


ovate-roundish leaflets, with either the one or the other of 
those species. He adds, that the plant, when not in flower, 
is more likely to be confounded with Anagyris fetida, as has 
actually happened. It is however only fair to remark, that 
in our gardens this C. Weldenii has much the appearance of 
a Laburnum, and that it has never yet flowered that 1 am 
aware of; so that a person unacquainted with Host's book 
might easily fall into the error which has actually occurred. 

It is well known that the seeds of Laburnum are poison- 
ous, fatal accidents having occurred to children who have 
incautiously eaten them. C. Weldenii appears to possess 
this deleterious quality in a more concentrated state, for, 
according to Baron Welden, the smell of the flowers causes 
headache, and the milk of goats which feed upon the flowers 
produces the same effect, only more severely, upon those who 
drink it. 


123 NEPETA salviefolia. Bentham gen. $ sp. Labiat. p. 481. 

This Himalayan plant has flowered in the garden of the 
Horticultural Society, where it has been raised from seeds 
received from the East India Company. It proves to be a 
hoary perennial of little beauty, with long slender pallid or 
white flowers, arranged in long-stalked cymes. 


124. IPOM(EÁ longifolia. Bentham Plant. Hartweg. p. 16. 


Of all the flowers yet received from Mr. Hartweg by the 
Horticultural Society this is one of the finest. The stems 
are erect, not twining, and the flowers grow singly in the 
axils of the long entire grey leaves. The corolla is white, 
with a delicate noyau smell, and is as large as that of Calo- 
nyction bona nox. Itis a perennial, with a fleshy tuber-like 
root, and has lately blossomed in the Society’s Gardia It 
will probably do very well out of doors in summer, but it 
will require such protection as is given to the Dahlia in 


winter. 


125. SOLANUM candidum ; (acanthophorum) caule fruticoso villosissimo 
aculeis rectis densé armato, foliis oblongis cordatis sinuato-angulatis tomen- 
tosis subtüs incanis venis utrinque petiolisque villosis aculeatis, racemis ses- 
silibus lanatis distichis sub folio natis rachi aculeatà, calycibus 5-lobis 
inermibus. 

Among the crowd of Solana now scattered over many 
books, it is almost impracticable to ascertain whether a foreign 


74 


species is new or not. This however seems to have been 
hitherto omitted by systematists. It is a fine, noble-looking 
shrub, with leaves a foot long and nine inches broad, and 
clusters of large handsome pure white flowers. It was re- 
ceived from Mexico by George Barker, Esq. who presented 
it to the Horticultural Society, in whose garden it is kept in 
the stove. 


STARCH ON THE OUTSIDE OF POLLEN-GRAINS. 


In the Annals of Natural History, vol. iii. p. 127, there 
is a report of a memoir upon pollen, read before the Botanical 
Society of Edinburgh, by M. Giraud, in which memoir the 
author states that there are ** minute opaque bodies on the 
surface of the pollen of Polemonium coeruleum, which, when 
immersed in water, appear to be possessed of spontaneous 
motion." Having lately been led to examine the structure 
of pollen, I took the opportunity of enquiring into the nature 
of that to which M. Giraud ascribes so singular a property. 
I had no difficulty in finding the bodies spoken of, for they 
are from js to ix, Of an inch in diameter, thickly stud the 
surface of the pollen-grain, which is itself about a; of an inch 
,in diameter, and are readily detached if the grains are 
placed in water, when they float about, turning upon their 
longer axis, with the same kind of motion as is seen in the 
molecules contained in the interior of the pollen. "They vary 
in form from oblong to spheroidal, but I do not find them 
opaque; on the contrary they are transparent, like grains of 
feecula, and so much like them, in certain states, that I felt 
persuaded from the first moment of seeing them that they 
were really of that nature. The application of iodine imme- 
diately gave them a pale blue colour; so that if this agent 
is in all cases a test of starch, the bodies seen by M. Giraud 
must be of that nature. ‘I regard this as a circumstance of 
some physiological interest, for I am not aware that amyla- 
ceous granules have been before detected on the outside of 
any vegetable organ. Pollen, indeed, being developed in 
the interior of the anther, and produced as it would seem 
by a disintegration of the parenchyma forming the mass 
of that organ, cannot strictly be compared to any part of a 
plant except to the individual cells or tubes constituting the 
elementary tissue ; nevertheless it is equally novel to find 
fecula secreted in the intercellular passages, its situation 


ER d 


75 


having been always hitherto assigned to the interior of cells, 
where it is supposed to be formed by those vital forces of 
plants which carry on the functions of digestion and assimi- 
lation. Are we to suppose this feecula to be the residuum of 
the contents of the mother cells, the intersection of which 
produces the grains of pollen, and within which the latter 
are organized ? 


Flora de Filipinas. Segun el sistema sexual de Linneo. Por el P. Fr. 
Manuel Blanco, Agustino Calzado. Manila, 1837. 


This is a thick square 4to. of 887 pages, upon the plants 
inhabiting the fertile and richly-wooded islands called the 
Philippines. It commences with a short preface explaining 
what has already been written upon the same subject by others; 
and a sketch of the principles of the Linnean classification, 
with a glossary of botanical terms: the whole occupying lxxviii 
additional pages of introduction. The body of the work 
consists of descriptions of plants in Spanish, each filling on 
an average about three-fourths of a page, so that the whole 
number of species introduced may be estimated at about 
1100. Of these a great proportion are referred to Linnean 
plants, it is needless to say, with but little probability of their 
belonging to them; and there are, moreover, many new 
species. From the want of books the author has been unable 
to give any synonymy, which is much to be regretted, as the 
work contains a good deal of information concerning the 
uses of plants. Of new genera 17 are specially named, 
besides which others, in the opinion of the author less cer- 
tainly new, are introduced and described, but are mentioned 
by their native names only. Thus, at the head of Pentan- 
dria Monogynia, stands a plant called Bitlag, which, the 
author thinks, may be the same as Mayepea. The new genera, 
and the natural orders to which they possibly belong are the 
following :— 

Azaola, p. 402—Sapotacee. 


Balingayum, p. 187—Placed near Gronovia. : 7 
Calius, p. 608—Not to be found at this page, to which it is referred in 


the Index. 
Cobamba, p. 510 —Verbenacez. 
Enrila, p. 709—? ? 
Lumanaja, p. 821 —Euphorbiacee. 
Lunasia, p. 783—Euphorbiacee. 


K. October, 1839. d 


76 


Malaisia, p. 789 —Urticacee. 
Mamboga, p. 140—Cinchonacez. , : : 
Manungala, p. 306—Simarubacee? Powerfully bitter ; a specific against 
cholera. 
Palaquium, p. 403—Sapotacee. 
Quilamum, p. 851— ? ? 
Quilesia, p. 176—Olacacee? 
Soala, p. 437—Clusiacee ? 
Sulipa, p. 497 —Cinchonacez ? Placed in Didynamia Angiospermia. 
Tala, p. 484—Scrophulariacee. 
Tayotum, p. 105— Apocynacez. 


For the opportunity of examining this curious work I am 
indebted to the Hon. W. F. Strangways, by whom it has been 
presented to the library of the Horticultural Society. 


PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 


In the present state of Systematical Botany every day 
may be said to throw some new light upon the principles 
of classification, and every new book to contain something 
important with reference to the plan upon which the vege- 
table kingdom is organized. While however improvements 
in the secondary details of classification are thus continually 
indicated, it is only here and there that any step is taken to 
interfere with the classes or primary groups of plants ; indeed 
there can now be little doubt that in their most essential par- 
ticulars these fundamental portions of the natural system are 
but little open to alteration; that the great divisions of 
-Exogens, Endogens and Acrogens are essentially different from 
each other, no botanist will attempt to deny. But it is not 
therefore certain that they do not in themselves contain the 
types of other fundamental divisions, or in other words, that 
they do not represent three great plans of structure, each of 
which includes modifications of a much higher grade than 
such as are employed for the definition of natural orders, If 
this be so, it will be necessary to augment the number of pri- 
mary divisions of the Vegetable Kingdom, and that an ex- 
tended view of vegetable structure shews that necessity to 
exist, may now I think be proved. 

Jussieu admits three primary groups only, namely— 
1. Dicotyledons, 2. Monocotyledons, and 3. Acotyledons, which 


are equivalent to the modern 1. Exogens, 2. Endogens, and 
3. Acrogens. 


MA 


17 


It was however in course of time discovered that each of 
these groups contained plants as essentially different from 
each other in physiological circumstances as the primary 
groups themselves, and hence each has been subdivided, 
and the number of classes increased to six, in the following 
manner. 

_L In £zogens there are two totally different modes in 
which the influence of the pollen is communicated to the seed. 
The larger part of this primary group consists of plants pro- 
vided with the apparatus called style and stigma, through 
which the pollen-tubes are introduced into the ovary in the 
act of fertilization. But others are so constructed that the 
pollen falls immediately upon the seeds, without the intro- 
duction ofany intermediate apparatus; a peculiarity analogous 
to what occurs among reptiles in the Animal Kingdom. And 
as was to have been anticipated, the plants in which this sin- 
gular habit occurs prove, upon being collected together, to 
form a group having no direct affinity with those among which 
they had been previously associated. Hence Exogens have 
been broken up: into 1. Angiosperms, or those having an 
ovary, style, and stigma; and 2. Gymnosperms, which have 
neither. 

2. Among Endogens, in like manner, two modes of propa- 
gation have been discovered, essentially different from each 
other. In the major part of them the result of the fertiliza- 
tion of their seed is the production of an embryo, having one 
point upon its surface predestined to become a stem, and 
another to become a root; besides which their elementary or- 
ganization includes vascular tissue in abundance. But others, 
although in a high state of developement, are wholly or nearly 
destitute of vascular tissue, and where their seed is fertilized, 
instead of an embryo being formed, the issue is a mass of 
sporules, or reproductive bodies, analogous to those which 
Acrogens have instead of seeds. The old class of Endogens 
required therefore to be replaced by 3. Spermogens, whose 
organs of propagation are seeds, and 4. Sporogens, commonly 
called Rhizanths, whose reproductive bodies are spores. 

3. Among Acrogens also two modes of growth occur, so 
essentially different from each other that they evidently repre- 
sent different kinds of vegetation. In some of them there is 
a distinct axis of growth, or stem and root, symmetrically 


78 


clothed with leaves; in others they are irregular cellular ex- 
pansions, destitute of true leaves; in the former we find a 
trace of something equivalent to the sexes of Exogens and 
Endogens, in the latter all indications of the kind disappear. 
Thus are formed the two groups now called 5. Cormophytes, 
where there is a stem and leaves, &c., and 6. Thallophytes, 
where there is no separation of those parts. 

To what extent dismemberments of the three classes of 
Jussieu may be further carried, there is no evidence to shew ; 
it is not. however probable that they are capable of much 
further increase. For with a few exceptions, the affinities of 
the six primary groups now indicated are too continuous and 
complete to allow us to suppose that any great physiological 
or fundamental differences of organization exist among them. 
Upon the few exceptions that do exist 1 propose to offer some 
observations. 

Among Angiospermous Exogens the Natural orders Aris- 
tolochiacee, Nepenthacee, Lardizabalacee, Menispermacez, 
Piperacee, and some others allied to the latter, stand isolated, 
as it were, in whatever part of the group they are stationed, 
having no obvious affinity with any other orders ; for we can 
only regard the approximation of Menispermacee to Anonacee, 
&c. as the result of altogether artificial considerations. - Now 
all these orders agree in one remarkable circumstance. In- 
stead of their wood being formed by zone deposited over zone, 
season after season, as is the case in the great mass of Exo- 


gens, they never have more than one zone of woody matter, 


to whatever age they may have arrived. Whether their 


wood itself is formed exactly in the same way as that of other 
Exogens, namely, by a gradual external addition of stratum 
upon stratum, is doubtful; it is probable that they have a 
mode of growth of their own, analogous to that of Aristolo- 
chia, in which the wood when young is augmented by the 
successive introduction of wedge upon wedge of wood between 
wedges originally placed concentrically around a medullary 
axis. Such plants as these agree with Exogens in their Dico- 
tyledonous embryo, and in general appearance, but their 
mode of growth is an approach to that of some Endogens to 
be presently noticed, and I therefore think they ought to be 
regarded as a fundamental group, which from the homoge- 
neity of the wood may be called Homogens, for the sake of 


79 


contrasting their structure with the concentrically zoned 
growth of other Exogens, to which the collective name of 
Cyclogens may be applied. In this manner Exogens are 
composed of three classes, 1. Angiosperms, 2. Gymnosperms, 
and 3. Homogens. 

Among Endogens I find a group of exactly the same 
nature as the last, and differing from the mass of the order in 
nearly the same manner. The peculiar habit of Smilax and 
some other Endogens, which no one would suppose from their 
general appearance to belong to that class, some time since 
led me to propose the separation of them into a group which 
was called the Retose. But as I had no better character for 
it than the reticulated leaves, nobody seems to have adopted 
it, and it has been regarded as an unnecessary separation of 
plants essentially the same; an opinion to which, in the ab- 
sence of better evidence than I have before been able to offer, 
there has been nothing to oppose beyond the conviction that 
the Retose group is in nature well founded, although its true 
characters may have been undiscovered. It now however 
appears that Smilax and its allies have the wood of their 
stem arranged upon a plan extremely similar to that of Ho- 
mogens ; and consequently they will constitute, not a subdi- 
vision of Endogens as I formerly supposed, but a new class or 
primary group. Ifthe annual branches of a Smilax are exa- 
mined, there 1s nothing in their internal structure at variance 
with that of a stem of Asparagus; they are exactly Endoge- 
nous ; but in the rhizoma of the whole genus (take the Sarsa- 
parilla of the shops for instance) the wood is disposed in a 
compact circle, below a cortical integument, and surrounding 
a true pith ; so that the rhizoma or permanent part of the stem 
is that of a Homogen. In Dioscorea alata the stem is formed 
of eight fibrovascular wedges placed in pairs, with their backs 
touching the bark, surrounding a central pith and having 
wide medullary plates between them ; in fact, when the stems 
of this plant are in a state of decay, the eight fibrovascular 
wedges may be pulled asunder, like those of a Menisperma- 
ceous plant. In Testudinaria elephantipes the structure of the 
stem is of nearly the same kind ; several bundles of fibrovas- 
cular tissue form a circle surrounding a pith, and pierced 
with broad medullary processes. Lapageria and Philesia 
have each a zone of wood below their bark, and a central pith 


80 


in which the common fibrovascular bundles of Endogens are 
disposed; a tendency to which is also observable in Smilax. 
Roxburghia Y have not had an opportunity of examining. It 
seems therefore clear that what I have elsewhere called the 
Retose group is composed of plants whose mode of growth 
is essentially different from that of Endogens in general; and 
that the species composing it stand in the same relation to 
the mass of Endogens, as Homogens to the mass of Exogens. 
For these reasons it appears that Endogens contain three dis- 
tinct types of organization, namely Spermogens and Sporogens, 
or Rhizanths, of which the former consists 1. of true Endo- 
gens with striated inarticulated leaves, and 2. of false Endo- 
gens with reticulated disarticulating leaves, the first of which 
may be named Ptychogens, and the second Dictyogens. 

From these considerations we learn that of the three 
primary divisions of the Vegetable Kingdom, recognized by 
Jussieu, two require to be broken up into three each, and the 
other into two; making eight in all. The mutual relations 
of which with each other and the Animal Kingdom may be 
expressed thus :— 


Angiosperms. 
Homogens. Dictyogens. 
Gymnosperms. Ptychogens. 
Cormophytes. Sporogens. 
Thallophytes. 
* 


(Animal Acrita Kingdom.) 


On the opposite page is an analytical arrangement of the 
classes, intended to bring their distinctions more plainly 
into view. | 


PRIMARY DIVISIONS IN THE 


VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 


Class I. ANGIOSPERMS. 
Cyclogens 


( Class II. GYMNOSPERMS. 


Division I. EXOGENS . 
lst State. t . . . . Class ITI. Homocens. 


SEXUAL,or FLOWERING PLANTS Class IV. Dicrvocrws. 


Class V. Prycnocens. 


Sermone] 

Division IT. ENDOGENS . 
Class VI. SPOROGENS, 
(Rhizanths). 


2nd State. ( Class VII. CormoPHYTES. 
ESEXUAL, or FLOWERLESS PLANTS, Division II I. ACROGENS. ns 
Class VIII. THALLOPHYTES, 


82 


126. CODONOPSÍS Zurida; folis cordatis serratis pilosiusculis utrinque 
concoloribus, calycis tubo nullo, sepalis rhomboideis serrulatis ciliatis tubo 
corollae equalibus basi integerrimis. 

A fetid twining milking annual, with large green flowers 
slightly dotted with purple in the inside. 1t is a native of 
the northern parts of India, whence seeds were sent to the 
Horticultural Society by Dr. Falconer. As a twining Cam- 
panulaceous plant it is closely allied to Canarina ; but it has 
none of its beauty. 


127. SALVIA Moorcroftiana. Wall.—Benth. Lab. p. 228. 


This plant has been raised in the garden of the Horticul- 
tural Society, from seeds sent from India by Dr. Falconer ; 
it proves a herbaceous species resembling S. Sclarea, with 
very large leaves, cordate at the base, woolly underneath, and 
pale light blue flowers about one-half the size of that species. 


128. CYNOGLOSSUM glochidiatum. Wall.—Benth. in Royle's Illustr. 

p. 306. 

A straggling herbaceous plant about three feet high, of a 
loose inelegant mode of growth, and not much covered with 
leaves, which are sessile, ovate, oblong, acute, and bright 
green. The flowers are rather small, but of a most intense 
blue, and therefore well suited to gather for the sake of orna- 
menting sitting-rooms. It is quite hardy, and was raised by 
the Horticultural Society from seeds sent from India by Dr. 
Falconer. 


129. APLOTAXIS albescens. DC. prodr. vi. 540. 


A handsome herbaceous plant, native of the northern 
provinces of India, whence it has been lately introduced by 
the East India Company, through Dr. Falconer. It forms a 
bush about three feet high, with long lanceolate deep green 
leaves, hoary with down on the under-side. The flower- 
heads are arranged in a panicled manner, and are narrow, 
with pale bright purple blossoms. 


130. MALVA lucida; annua, glaberrima, lucida, foliis superioribus cuneatis 
serratis rotundatis trilobis basi integerrimis cordatis, floribus axillaribus fasci- 
culatis, calycibus reticulatis. 

A Himalayan, apparently annual, plant, resembling the 
common M. sylvestris, but having all the herbage bright 


rn Fen 


™, 


83 


green, and very lucid, without a trace of hairs, while the 
upper leaves, and indeed all except the lowermost, are wedge- 


- shaped, 3-lobed, obtuse and serrated ; with the base, which is 


cordate, quite entire. The flowers are a rich deep purple. 
It will make a good annual for shrubberies and roughly 


kept places. 


131. LEPTODERMIS lanceolata. Wallich in Roxb. f. Ind. 2. 191. 

DeCand. prodr. iv. 462. 

This plant proves to be a small shrub, with ovate bright 
green strongly feather-veined leaves, and pale yellow flowers, 
tinged with purple; it is something like a cream-coloured 
Bouvardia. In the garden of the Horticultural Society it 


seems nearly, if not quite, hardy. 


132. SOLLYA linearis ; foliis glaberrimis linearibus et lineari-lanceolatis ob- 
tusiusculis, cymis multifloris nutantibus glabris, fructibus oblongis, 

This third species’ of the beautiful genus Sollya has been 
lately added to our collections by Robert Mangles, Esq. of 
Sunning-hill. The specimens which have as yet flowered 
are weak, and by no means what it may be expected that 
they will become. In wild specimens before me, for 
which I am indebted to Mr. Toward, gardener to H.R. H. 
the Duchess of Gloucester, 1 see as many as 11 flowers in a 
cluster, and a single branch has 5 such clusters. The flowers 
are of the deepest and richest blue. This plant differs from 
S. heterophylla in having its leaves linear, or at the most 
linear-lanceolate, without any trace of toothings upon their 
margin ; the stigma is less distinctly two-lobed, and the fruit 
is much shorter and thicker, so as to have an oblong instead 
of a narrow terete figure. It is much to be desired that 
Sollya angustifolia, the Billardiera fusiformis of Labillar- 
diére, should be procured for our gardens; it is said to be 
found in Van Diemen's Land, and to have hairy leaves, dis- 
tinctly veined, and large blue flowers. 


133, HOTEIA japonica. Morren & Decaisne Ann. sc. 2nd ser. IT. 317. t. 
11. Spiræa barbata. Bot. Reg. t. 2011. Astilbe rivularis. Don prodr. 


A. nep. 210. 

At length an opportunity has arisen of examining ripe 
seeds of this plant, which have been obtained from India by 
Dr. Falconer, and I find that they have an abundance of 
fleshy albumen, surrounding a straight cylindrical embryo 

L—1839. m 


84 
rather more than half their length. The seeds are scobiform, 
quite smooth, not at all reticulated, with a lax testa, which is 
prolonged at each end into a tapering withered sac, but fits 


pretty tight to the seed in the middle. Each seed, including 
its testa, is rather more than half a line long. 


134. COTYLEDON cristata. Haworth in Phil. Mag. 1827. p. 123. DC. 

prodr. 3. 399. 

For this little known plant I am obliged to William Brent, 
Esq. of Walworth, who obtained it from the Botanical Gar- 
den of Leyden, and succeeded iu flowering it. It is very 
well described by Haworth, so far as his account of it goes; 
but since M. Denak regarded it as one of the species in- 
sufficiently known, it deserves to be noticed more particularly. 
The stem is very short, and closely covered with leaves, 
from between the touching bases of which there proceeds a 
number of light brown threads, described by Haworth as 
rufous hairs, but in reality withered roots, emitted by the 
leaves; but perishing after exposure to the air. The leaves 
themselves have a singular form ; they are described techni- 
cally as being wedge-shaped, triangular, stalked, and ter- 
minated by a curled crest; but in more homely terms they 
look very like a jelly-bag, or a filter sewed up åt the upper 
edge, and thrown on its side so as to acquire a flattened 
figure; they are covered with very short hairs, which are 
obtuse, and placed perpendicularly upon the epidermis, so 
that the leaves have a súrface like that of fine woollen cloth. 
I find nothing like the furfuraceous hairiness described by 
Haworth, who mistook for scurfiness a great number of pallid 
specks, indicating subcutaneous air chambers, with which the 
epidermis is thickly studded. The flowering stem is an erect 
spike, about three feet high, covered with close-pressed slen- 
der green flowers, tipped with pink, about half an inch long, 
and rather longer than the internodes. The corolla is com- 
pletely monopetalous, the limb only, which is revolute, being 
divided into five segments. The stamens grow to the sides 
of the corolla, those opposite the petals being a little longer 
than the others. The carpels are distinct, slender, rather . 
downy near the base; the scales beneath them are white, and 
emarginate. 


The plant is a very curious species, but it has nothing 
beautiful in its appearance. 


~w j 


85 


135. EPIDÉNDRUM inversum ; pseudobulbis elongatis compressis, foliis 
loratis canaliculatis obtusis, spicá terminali sub-6-floro, bracteis brevibus 
ovatis acuminatis, ovario triquetro, sepalis petalisque patentibus lineari-lan- 
ceolatis convexis subaequalibus, labello adnato oblongo acuminato basi con- 
vexo ecalloso, columná obtusé 3-dentatá, anthere cardinis appendice ob- 
longá denticulatá. 

A Brazilian epiphyte, nearly related to Epidendrum fra- 
grans, for which I am obliged to Messrs. Loddiges. The 
flowers are straw-coloured, with a few purple streaks on the 
column and at the base of the lip, and have a heavy not 
very pleasant smell, something like that of Ground ivy 
(Glechoma). Of this form of the genus Epidendrum, of 
which Æ. fragrans may be selected as the type, there are 
now several species on record, and it is probable that many 
more remain to be discovered; 1 am already acquainted im- 
perfectly with more than one undescribed species. It will 
therefore be necessary to provide a distinct section for such 
species, to which the name of Oswoprnvruw may be assigned, 
in allusion to their being usually scented plants. 


136. IPOM(EÁ Purga. Wenderoth: Schlecht. in Linnea, viii. 515. Lindley 
Flora medica, no. 809. 


This beautiful plant, whose fleshy root is one of the 
species from which the principal supply of Jalap is derived, 
has been obtained from Mexico by several persons; and has 
lately flowered with Thomas Harris, Esq. of Kingsbury. Its 
slender flowers are of a rich crimson colour, and about four 
inches long. All Botanical observations upon the species I 
reserve till I can publish a figure of the plant; but as it is 
already in the possession of many persons, and will soon 
become common, I am unwilling to keep back the following 
useful notes upon its cultivation, for which I am indebted to 
Mr. D. Beaton, Mr. Harris’s intelligent gardener. 

* [t seems to require a cool atmosphere and plenty of 
room at the roots, and yet the latter are neither numerous 
nor strong. In the stove it grows too vigorously, without 
any disposition to flower. 1 had one plant in a pot all this 
season in the orange house, but if I had turned it out against 
the front of the stove I have no doubt it would have suc- 
ceeded better in regard to flowering. To keep the roots or 
tubers dry from November to March, then to force them 
slightly, and afterwards to harden them, so as to stand the 


86 


open air by the end of May, would, l think, be the best 
way of getting it into fine bloom. Last season a dry root 
from Xalapa was planted out of doors about the beginning 
of June, and by the end of September about two dozen 
flowers were ready to expand, but being in the open garden 
it was then too cold for them to open.” 


137. SPECKLINIA obovata ; folio coriaceo obovato emarginato basi angus- 
tato canaliculato caule longiore, spicis brevibus fasciculatis, floribus glaber- 
rimis, sepalis petalisque linearibus acuminatis, labello lineari abrupté acuto 
medio paululüm constricto, columná cucullatá alata subdentata. 

A small Brazilian plant, with the appearance of a Pleuro- 
thallis. The leaves are obovate and very thick ; the flowers 
are small, pale yellow, scentless, and in numerous fascicled 
short spikes. 


138. RODRIGUEZIA Jaziflora; pseudobulbis ancipitibus ovalibus, foliis 
lineari-lanceolatis acutissimis, racemo laxo cernuo, bracteis ovario subequa~ 
libus, labelli recurvi obsoleté bicristati appendice ungui sequali, sepalo an- 
tico angusto cuneato bifido postico petalisque planis. 

I received this plant as long since as the year 1834, from 
Mr. Bateman, who first distinguished it from R. planifolia 
and recurva ; since that time it has been found in the Organ 
mountains of Brazil by Mr. Gardner, of whose herbarium it 
is no. 654; and 1 have recently observed it in the collection 

- of Messrs. Loddiges. It is a pale green-flowered species, 
much smaller than those just mentioned, with a very lax 
nodding spike, on which the flowers are generally arranged 
at considerable intervals; not always however, for I have 

specimens with the inflorescence as compact as that of R. 

secunda. 


139. RODRIGUEZÍA erispa ; sepalis omnibus liberis petalisque undulato- 
erispis, labelli bicristati appendice ungue multd breviore. 

This is the finest of the green-flowered species, and is 
remarkable for the crisped appearance of its flowers, which 
are sea-green bordered with yellow. Their fragrance is deli- 
cious, resembling that of Primroses. It is a native of Brazil. 


140. CATASETÚM proboscideum ; labello deflexo multifido : laciniis filifor- 


mibus laceris, columná apice proboscidiformi: cirrhis deflexis columná 
longioribus. 


For this novelty I am obliged to George Wailes, Esq. of 
Newcastle, who received it from Mr. Gardner, marked 
* No. 2, new, found growing on a small species of Palm, 


Doer ENDE 


87 


near Sertáo.” The plant is nearly related to Catasetum cer- 
nuum and barbatum, from which its deeply lacerated lip, and ` 
the longer proboscis of the column, seem to distinguish it ; 
it may however be a mere variety of the latter species, ` 

Mr. Wailes observes, that * it is somewhat like Catase- 
tum trifidum in growth ; the flower-stem is about ten inches 
high, rather drooping, with the upper part of a pinkish 
hue. The flowers in two specimens are nine in number, 
though in one the rudiments of two or three others are appa- 
rent, but probably owing to the weakness of the plant they 
have not come forward. When well established we may 


expect finer specimens.” 
The same plant has ‘been communicated to me by Mr. 


Herbert. 


I have received from the Honourable and Rev. W. 
Herbert the following notices of new. Amaryllidaceous plants. 


141. CLITANTHES. Herbert. Perianthium suberectum tubo angusté subin- 
fundibuliformi, limbo brevi regulari, corona liberá staminiferá, filamentis 
brevibus, antheris versatilibus, stylo recto gracili, stigmate breviter trilobo, 
polline elongato-ovali. Plante Andine ; bulbo parvo ovato, foliis pro- 
teranthiis angustis linearibus. 

1. C. humilis. Scapus uniflorus pedunculus et spathe pars inferior vaginis 
foliorum subterraneis szpissime latentes; germen oblongum ¿ unc. perian- 
thium 22 unc. luteum limbo sub-3 unc. corona } unc. filamenta obliqué 
alata dentiformia apice tenui, antherze oblongse $ unc. folia viridia subacuta 
3-5-unc. 4 unc. plùs minús lata. Ex Palcamayo provincie Tarme in 
Peruvie montibus alt. 9600 ped. a dom. J. Maclean lecta. 

2. C. Macleanica. Scapus uniflorus sex unc. liber, pedunculus 3-14 unc. 
spatha circ. biuncialis, germen laté ovalis $ unc. vel ultra, perianthium bi- 
unciale luteum limbo i$ unc. corona 3$ unc. filamenta gracilia + unc. anthere 
} unc. stylus stamina superans limbo vix $ unc. brevior, folia viridia sub- 
acuta subpedalia }-j unc. lata basi cylindraceo-vaginante. Ex Peruvia 
montibus, in loco 11000 ped. alt. infra Checlam et supra ** San Mateo" 
a dom. J. Maclean lecta. 

3. C. lutea. (Clinanthus luteus, Herb. Amar.) Scapus biflorus circ. 3} 
unc, liber, spatha circ. 24 unc. pedunculi inequales, germen subrotundum 
(latè ovale), perianthium 1% unc. luteum limbo $ unc. corona brevi, fila- 
menta obliqué alata dentiformia apice tenui, anthers circiter } unc. folia 
viridia circ. 6-unc. %-} lata basi cylindraceo-vaginante. Ex Peruvie mon- 

tibus, a Ruiz et Pavon lecta. 


'The name Clinanthus, which was given from the obliquity 
which the flowers in Ruiz's specimen of his undescribed 
Pancratium luteum had taken in drying, is changed for Cli- 
tanthes, from kAerus, a mountainous declivity, and av6os, a 
flower. The genusis founded specially onC. humilis, of which 
the tube is quite erect. Bulbs and specimens of humilis and 


88 
Macleanica were collected in December, 1838, by John : 
* Maclean, Esq. of Lima, in his excursion across the Cordillera 


on the western slope, and obligingly sent by him to Spofforth, 
together with several others of equal interest. 


142. ISMENE deflexa. Folia subpedalia acuta 13 unc. lata viridia basi cylin- 
draceo-vaginantia, scapus anceps, spatha marcescens tubum biuncialem pallidé 
virentem curvatulum vix «equans, limbus albus reflexus vix 4-uncialis sepalis 
angustis mucrone petala obtusa parum latiora superantibus, corona ampla 
horizontalis laciniis duabus inferioribus adpressa triuncialis lobis recurvis 
lacero-truncatis dentibus filiformibus alba fundum versüs. virens, filamenta 
alba 1} unc. vel ultra, superiora pendulé ori coronze adpressa, inferiora conni- 
ventia, stylus coronam 2 unc. superans stigmate parvulo. Planta Ismeni 
calathinee similis odore subgrato. In jugo montium Peruvie San Mateo 
dicto.—W. H. 

A bulb of this new species of Ismene, found by J. Mac- 
lean, Esq. on the Quebrada de San Mateo at the elevation of 
10,984 feet, flowered in the greenhouse at Spofforth in July, 
1839, having been potted in white sand with a small admix- 
ture of light loam, in consequence of the bulbs having been 
recognized as a species of Ismene by their appearance. It- 
forms a connecting link between the original species of 
Ismene and the genus Elisena, by the adpression of its cup to 
the lower segments of the limb, and the greater length of the 
filaments, of which the three upper instead of dipping into 
the cup lie across its mouth.  Elisena longipetala has pre- 
cisely the growth and habit of an Ismene, and a bulb of 
ringens (P. ringens of Ruiz) lately received from Lima, has 
entirely the aspect and habit of I. calathina, with a sheathing 
column, contrary to the representation in the Flora Peruviana. 

A variety of I. amancaes has the lobes of the cup united, 
so as to form an entire margin, projecting beyond the point 
of the insertion of the filaments. It seems therefore very 
probable, that, when better understood, the genus Elisena 
will merge in Ismene. Every Ismene delights in white 
sand, every Hymenocallis in strong alluvial soil, and immer- 
sion in water.—W. H. 


143. L/ELIA flava ; pseudobulbis ovalibus 1-2-phyllis foliis carnosis coriaceis 
planis subconvexis brevioribus, scapo erecto foliis longiore squamulis qui- 
busdam distantibus vaginato apice paucifloro bracteis minimis acutis, sepalis 1 
peus oblongo-linearibus obtusis, labelli lobo medio crispo recurvo 4 

ateralibus obtusis undulatis multd longiore. 7 


“This plant, I believe, is a native of Mexico, from 
whence it was brought several years ago, and added to Sir 


DEA a eae 


89 


Charles Lemon's collection at Carclew, where it flowered 
for the first time in the autumn of 1839. 

** Pseudo-bulbs erect, roundish oblong, from two to three 
inches high, and about two and half or three inches in cir- 
cumference at the base, from which they taper upwards and 
become one or two-leaved. They are smooth and of a deep 
shining green, nearly all concealed by several large, imbri- 
cated, thin, brown-coloured leafy scales. Leaves from three 
to five inches long, and about an inch broad, oblong lanceo- 
late acute, very thick and stiff, recurved both at the point 
and edges, and of a dark green colour. Scape about a foot 
high, rising from the crown of the pseudo-bulb between the 
two leaves, round and erect, pale green, bearing three or 
four flowers near the top, with a small, persistent, acute 
bractea at the base of each, and a single brown-coloured 
sheath an inch long at its. junction with the bulb. Pedicels 
nearly erect, an inch in length, somewhat clavate and chan- 
nelled, and of a pale green. Flowers bright yellow, open- 
ing one ata time, and remaining expanded for a fortnight 
or three weeks. Sepals spreading, oblong-lanceolate, bluntish 
at the point, about an inch or more in length, and a quarter 
of an inch in breadth. Petals similar in form and colour to 
the sepals, but exceeding them a little in size. Labellum 
rather shorter than the petals, three-lobed, the middle one ` 
is recurved and undulated at the margin in the way of Catt- 
leya erispa, with two raised longitudinal processes forming 
a sort of groove down the centre. The two lateral lobes are 
erect, with their edges plain, and meet above the column so 
as almost to conceal it. Column triangular, or nearly so, the 
upper edge only being a little rounder than the other. 
Pollen-masses eight, contained in four distinct cells, which 
on being opened exhibit on either side of the middle partition 
two pairs of roundish compressed waxy bodies attached to 
one another by a small elastic membrane. PE 

“ The plant requires the same treatment as other Orchi- 
daces, thriving pretty well in moss and decayed vegetable 
mould." um 

For the above memorandum and accurate description of 
this quite new species I am indebted to Mr. Booth. The 
plant is nearly allied fo ZL. cinnabarina, but it appears to 
be of a smaller size, with much more coriaceous leaves; 
the flowers are a clear pure yellow, and not a brilliant 


90 


cinnabar colour, and the lateral lobes of the lip are obtuse 
not acute. 


144. ECHEANDIA terniflora. Orteg. dec. pl. p.90 Redout. liliacées, 6. t. 
313. (Conanthera Echeandia. Pers. syn. 1.370. Link € Otto Icones 
plant. rar. t. 3. Anthericum reflexum. Cav. ic. ii. t. 241.) 


“This singular plant was among a collection received by 
Sir Charles Lemon, Bart. M.P. in 1837, from Mr. John 
Rule, Superintendant of the Real del Monte Mines, Mexico, 
in the neighbourhood of which it is probably a native. It 
flowered in the greenhouse at Carclew in June 1839, and 
continued during July and August to send out a succession 
of five or six flowers daily. It promises to produce seeds 
by which there is every chance of its being increased. 

** Leaves radical, sheathing, nearly erect, of a glaucous 
green, linear-lanceolate acute, from 12 to 18 inches long, 
and rather more than an inch wide, diminishing to a long 
narrow point. The middle is somewhat fleshy and chan- 
nelled; the edges slightly undulated and recurved. The 
Flower-stem rises on one side from among the leaves, and 
attains the height of from three to four feet. It is round and 
branching, with a long lanceolate, acute, sheathing, pale 
green bract at the base of each branch. The flowers are 
of a golden yellow, produced in clusters, alternating with 
one another on the stem, and containing three, sometimes 
six, flowers in each ; issuing singly from among several small 
brownish ovate acuminate bracteas. Flower buds ovate-ob- 
long, pointed at both ends, greenish yellow. When they 
first make their appearance they are erect, but the day before 
opening they droop.  Pedicels of a pale green, about an 
‘inch long, round and slender, with a small joint near the 
base. Sepals nearly all of one length ; the three outer ones 
are more pointed, and narrower, than the rest, and have 
each three greenish veins down the centre. The inner sepals 
are oblong lanceolate, bluntish at the point, and with the 
outer ones taper very much towards the base. They are all 
more or less twisted and rolled back. "They open in the 
morning and remain expanded for about eight or ten hours, 
after which they gradually close up and decay. Filaments 
short, enlarging outwardly so as to Wave the appearance of 
being slightly bearded. -Anthers oblong, closely connected 
together, of a deeper yellow than the filaments and tapering 


91 


towards the point, which is terminated by the style exceed- 
ing them a little in length. Style round filiform. Capsule 
triangular, nearly erect, roundish-oblong, three celled, with 
the appearance of having many seeds in each." 

For this notice also I am indebted to Mr. Booth. The 
plant is rather handsome; its rhizoma is tuberous, its stem 
about two feet high, its flowers a yellowish apricot-colour, 
and in all respects it has much the aspect of a yellow 
Asphodel. 


145. DICRYPTA discolor (G. Loddiges mss.) ; foliis latis papyraceis subtus 
discoloribus, labello lingueformi linea medià elevatá villosa, antheroe mar- 
gine angulisque papillosis. 

For this addition to the genus Dicrypta I am indebted to 
Messrs. Loddiges, who imported it from Demerara. It is 
remarkable for the deep purple colour of the underside of the 
leaves, and its lip has a thick villous line running from the 
base almost to the apex. The flowers are orange-coloured, 
about the size of those of D. Baueri, and the species is alto- 
gether handsomer. 


146. OCTOMERÍA diaphana ; folio ovato convexo acuto, squamis caulis 
equitantibus superioribus majoribus, floribus solitariis, sepalis petalisque 
ovatis acutissimis diaphanis, labello tridentato margine subcrispo lineis 
duabus elevatis. 

A small but pretty species of this genus, with white 
transparent scentless flowers. It is readily known by the 
form of the leaves, and the large equitant sheaths that invest 
the upper part of thestem. Imported from Brazil by Messrs. 


Loddiges. 


147. FERNANDEZÍÁ lunifera ; foliis obtusis petalis incurvis faleatis redu- 
plicatis obtusis emarginatis, labelli 5-lobi disco tuberculato laciniis. infimis 
linearibus falcatis petalorum longitudine lateralibus nanis rotundatis inter- 
mediá dilatatá bilobá, columná a dorso compressá latiore quam longá dentatá, 
stigmate verticali rimeformi. 

A pretty and quite new species, resembling F. elegans in 
its foliage, but the flowers are thrice as large, and quite 
differently formed, especially as regards the great extension 
of a pair of supernumerary lobes situated at the base of the 
labellum, where they stand erect like two curved horns. 1t 
was imported by Messrs. Loddiges from Brazil, where it was 
first discovered by M. Descourtilz, who in his MSS. states 
that it grows upon trees, forming tufts of verdure, which from 


M —1839. n 


92 
a distance remind one of the box of Europe. It is exceed- 
ingly common near Bananal. From the singular form of the 
lip he called it Epidendre anthropomorphe, or the Man Epi- 
dendrum, in allusion to the Man Orchis of Europe. Dr. 
von. Martius also found it in woods near Ilheos. 


148, MAXILLARIA acutifolia ; pseudobulbis angustis ovalibus compressis 
monophyllis, folio oblongo-lanceolato acuminato, pedunculis unifloris radi- 
calibus vaginatis, bracteá carinatá ovario longiore, sepalis petalisque oblongis, 
labello lineari-oblongo retuso emarginato medio pubescente apice glabro 
utrinque versus basin laciniá brevi acutá incurvá aucto. 

A species resembling M. rufescens, and having brownish 
orange flowers with little beauty. In the collection of Messrs. 

Loddiges from Demerara. 


149. ONCIDIUM Forbesii ; Hooker in Bot. Mag. t. 3705. 


For a specimen of this rare and handsome plant I am 
indebted to James W. Buller, Esq. of Downes near Exeter, 
who observes that it resembles Oncidium crispum more than 
any of the species he has seen, but is much more beautiful, 
having the petals gaily edged with bright yellow, and some 
of the sepals barred with the same colour. The plant has a 
large panicle and very gay appearance. 1 must however add, 
that 1 find the ground colour-of the flowers very much 
browner than in the figure in the Botanical Magazine, in my 
copy of which it is brick red! The bidentation of the wings 
of the column is a variable circumstance, but the appendages 
of the base of the lip are constantly as represented and de- 
scribed by Sir Wm. Hooker. 


150. ONCIDIUM excavatum ; Sertum Orchidaceum, sub t. 25. 


This fine Peruvian plant has flowered with Messrs. Lod- 
diges; it has yellow flowers, spotted with brown, and is easily 
known by the base of the labellum being vety convex, a little 
hollowed out in front, and excavated with a deep pit on the 
under side. The petals and lower sepals are much more 
acute than in my wild specimens from Chachapoyas, and it 
is probable that the specific character will require modifi- 


cation. 
ww SS 
151. CCELOGYNE elata ; Genera and Species of Orchidaceous plants, p. 40. 


This fine species has lately flowered in the garden of the 
Horticultural Society, where it had been received from Dr. 


~ 


E 
93 

Wallich. The leaves are more than a foot long ; the scape 
is terminal upon a large oblong pseudo-bulb, and is termi- 
nated by a sheath formed of numerous imbricated bracts, out 
of which appear eight or nine white flowers, stained with 
yellow near the point of the lip, and having an unpleasant 
smell, very like that of the Barberry blossom. 


152. BATATAS betacea ; foliis ovatis cordatis angulatis et subquinquelobis 
acutis, racemo contracto eomposito, sepalis acuminatis, tubo corolle limbo 
circulari longiore, radice fusiformi sanguineá. 

This is a very handsome twiner, and seems likely to rival 
Ipomea Horsfallie, from which it differs not only in habit, 
but in the colour of the flowers, which are a very delicate 
pale violet, with a much deeper purple eye. A drawing of 
it was sent me in March last by the Rev. J. B. Reade of 
Clapham, with a letter informing me that it had flowered 
with his friend Mr. Waterhouse of Halifax, who “ states that 
the root is a tuberous one, and came accidentally among 
some Orchidacedus plants from Demerara, and possesses the 
peculiarity of being exactly similar to Beet Root, with the 
same purplish red colour." Lately 1 again received a notice 
of it, with a figure, and the following additional particulars, 
from Mr. William May, Nurseryman, Ripon, who has it 
for sale. 

“ The Gardener to Mr. Waterhouse says that it is a most 
profuse bloomer, and prefers the cool part of the plant stove ; 
he states that he tried two plants of it, the one at the cool 
end near the door and farthest from the fire, and the other 
at the warmest end nearer the fire; in the former of which 
he finds it succeed much better and bloom much more freely 
than at the end nearest the fire. From this circumstance he 
thinks it will be a greenhouse and not a stove plant. Since 
it has been in my possession I have had it in various tempe- 
ratures, and find it prefer the greenhouse, where it has plenty 
of air; but having had it only two months during summer, 
I am not authorized in saying it is decidedly a greenhouse 


plant." 
153. ODONTOGLOSSUM Clowesii ; pseudobulbis ovalibus diphyllis, foliis 


ensiformibus angustis erectis scapo longioribus, racemo paucifloro corymboso, 
bracteis minimis setaceis, sepalis petalisque lanceolatis squalibus, labelli 
cordati medio constricti apice subrotundo acuto basi lamellis 5 inequalibus 


abruptis quincuncialibus aucto. 
A very handsome Orchidaceous plant, for which 1 am 


T" BÀ 

indebted to the Rev. John Clowes of Broughton, a most 
zealous and successful Horticulturist, who received it from 
the Organ mountains of Brazil a few years since. Its flower- 
stem is about a foot high, and is terminated by four or five 
large starry flowers, yellow mottled with brown, while the 
lip is white with a rich violet base. A drawing of it, by 
Miss Mearns, will appear shortly in this work. 


154. CATASETUM longifolium ; foliis longissimis gramineis, racemo cylin- 
draceo pendulo multifloro, sepalis ovatis subrotundis petalorum conformium 
dorso applicitis, labello urceolari a tergo incurvo limbo truncato apiculato 
intus cereaceo glabro margine fimbriato. 

This plant is in several collections where Demerara Or- 
chidacex are grown, and is known as the long-leaved Cate- 
setum which never flowers. It has however at last yielded 
to the good management of Valentine Morris, Esq. of the 
Retreat, Battersea, where it has produced its blossoms abun- 
dantly. It is too large a plant to suit the pages of the 
Botanical Register, and will therefore appea? in the 7th fasci- 
culus of the Sertum Orchidaceum, now in preparation. The 
flowers are bright orange, a little bordered with violet, and 
appear in a drooping raceme, over which they are closely 
packed for the length of a foot or more; they are extremely 


beautiful, and the species is beyond all comparison the hand- 
somest of its genus. 


La 


155. PLEUROTHALLIS scabripes ; folio lineari-lanceolato apice tridentato 
caule longiore, vàginà pilosá caulis medium subequante, flore solitario 


pubescente, ovario tomentoso, sepalis quam petala triplo-longioribus acutis 
lateralibus connatis, labello spathulato rotundato. 


A curious little plant, transmitted to me by Mr. Booth 
with the following note. 

“ For specimens of this singular plant I am indebted to 
Michael Williams, Esq. of Trevince, who informed me that 
he received it in 1837, with some other Brazilian plants, 
from Lieut. Downey of H. M. Packét establishment at 
Falmouth, and that it has been successfully cultivated in a 
shaded part of the stove, attached to a small bit of wood, and 
kept very moist. 

“The whole plant does not exceed five inches in height. 
The stem, which is one-leaved, is about two inches long, hard 
and round, with a groove on one side, and having for half 
its length a thin, pubescent, brownish covering, thickly 


95 


marked with darker spots. Leaves upright, from two to 
three inches long, lanceolate acute, thick and leathery, nearly 
flat, of a deep green above, a little paler beneath, and some- 
what rusty. Flowers one or two, very small, of a dull dingy 
yellow, striated with reddish purple lines, and issuing from 
a thin, keel-shaped, acute, brownish, spotted spathe at the 
base of the leaf. Pedicels short and round, nearly sessile, 
with a small acuminate, spotted bractea. Sepals two, the 
upper one slightly arched, lanceolate acute; the lower one 
similar to the other, but rather larger and more hollowed at 
the base. Petals ovate, acuminate, thin, and shining, striated 
like the sepals, and about half their length. Labellum dull 
reddish purple, a little longer than the petals, spathulate, 
and rounded at the point. Column very short, nearly con- 
cealed by the upper sepal and the two petals which support 
it on either side.” 


THE END. 


NORMAN AND SKEEN, PRINTERS, MAIDEN LANE, COVENT GARDEN, 


TO THE 
BOTANICAL REGISTER 
For 1839. 
Plate. Misc. 
Abutilon striatum. : 59 | Clitanthus humilis, &c. 
Acacia eyanophylla 3 DC 64 | Codonopsis lurida 
-- cuneata . : 74 | Coelogyne elata 
Aganisia pulchella e * 65/ ——— oculata . 
Agave saponaria . 55 Conostylis juncea  . 
Alstromeria Ligtu . 219 Cotyledon cristatum 
Ammoniacum . 105 | Crocus speciosus 
Amygdalus incana : . 68 Cupressus thurifera 
Angreecum armeniacum 268 TOO Cyclosia maculata . 
Aplotaxis albescens . ood 190 Cymbidium iridifolium 
Arbutus laurifolia  . 07 — bicolor i 
Arpophyllum spicatum ; 16 | Cyrtochilum mystacinum 
Asafoetida . 106 — stellatum 
Asagreea officinalis 33 Cynoglossum coelestinum 
Asteracantha longifolia esl.) M —— glochidiatum 
Batatas betacea . .. 152 | Cytisus Weldeni 
Bauhinia corymbosa 24 Daubenya fulva ê 
Bessera elegans . $ 04 Dendrobium bicameratum 
Bolbophyllum fascum E us 5| — Heyneanum 
Brasavola martiana : . ^. 65 macrophyllum 
glauca ; Pb 67 — Paxtoni . 
— grandiflora C 14 | ————— formosum 
Burlingtonia maculata . 44 — aureum, pallidum 
Calandrinia discolor . . 4 pees crumenatum 
Calanthe veratrifolia ^ $7 y 39 Jenkinsii 
Catasetum proboscideum .. 140 | —-— — lingueforme 
— longifolium eo 154 | ————— teretifolium 
Cattleya superba . os 47 | ——— tetragonum 
Centaurea pulchra ce | em tortile 
Cheirostylis parvifolia ' cH De Q0 | Ppygmeum 
Chorozema varium e "08 elongatum 
Cirrhopetalum nutans O | —— pugioniforme 
———  — — Wallichii . lng | ————— crassulefolium 
—— —  —— fimbriatum 3190 complanatum 
Cirrhza saccata .. 121 | Deutzia corymbosa 
Clematis lathyrifolia - Bi Diplotaxis Hugelii 


INDEX 


69 


141 
126 
151 


Dianthus ferrugineus 
Dicrypta discolor 
Dichza ochracea 
Echeandia terniflora 
Echinocactus Scopa 
Encyclia, note upon . 
Epacris impressa, var. 
Epidendrum variegatum 


—— glumaceum 
Candollei 
inyersum 


uniflorum  . 
Eria ferruginea 
Erysimum Perofskianum 
Eurybia glutinosa 
Eysenhardtia amorphoides 
Fabiana imbricata 
Fernandezia lunifera 
Funkia Sieboldi 
Galbanum . . 
Geranium tuberosum 
Glaucium rubrum . 
Gompholobium versicolor 
Goodyera rubicunda ‘ 
Gongora fulva 


- nigrita 
Govenia Gardneri . 


lagenophora 


Plate. 


s 


. 


. 


Grammatophyllum multiflorum 


Grevillea Thielemanniana 


Guaiacum officinale A 
Hormidium . 
Hoteia japonica . 


Hoyea crispa 

———— pungens : 
Hoya coriacea 

Huntleya Mcleagris . 


violacea . 
Inga Harrisii ‘ 
Ipomeea longifolia ; 
- Purga " 
Isochilus lividum ‘ 
Isotropis striata A 
Ismene deflexa ‘ 
Juniperus tetragona . 
== flaccida « 


ÍNDEX FOR 1839. 


15 


Misc. 
145 
thi 
144 


13 


138 


Juniperus mexicana  . 
— — —— squamosa 

Lelia furfuracea 

—— - autumnalis 

- albida 

flava i " 


- majalis 
Leptodermis lanceolata 
Leycesteria formosa . 
Lilium Thunbergianum 
Lomandra, note upon 
Lupinus Hartwegii . 


- Barkeri - 
- bilineatus (note) 

- mexicanus (note) 
Macradenia mutica 
Malachadenia clavata 
Malva lucida 


mauritiana 
Mathiola odoratissima 
Maxillaria tenuifolia A 


——-——-- vitellina . 

- stapelioides 

- xanthina (note) 
foveata . 

- acutifolia . 

- leutiginosa 


Medicago clypeata . — 


Megaclinium oxypterum 
Mormodes pardina 
Nemaconia gracilifolia 
Nepeta salvieefolia . 
Oberonia recurva 
Wightiana 
Odontoglossum Rossii 
——- Clowesii 
Octomeria diaphana 
tridentata 


Oncidium luridum, guttatum 


pulvinatum 
trulliferum 
—— ——— Forbesii . 
excavatum 
sanguineum 
——— ——- unicorne . 
Opoidia galbanifera . 


131 


22 
110 
130 

82 


‘Suis 


A 


Peonia (Oneepia) Brownii 
Patersonia sapphirina 
Papaver amoenum 
Pentlandia miniata 


Pentstemon barbatum carneum 


Phaius grandifolius . 
bicolor 
Wallichii 
Philadelphus Gordonianus 
— - laxus 


Pholidota articulata 
Pimelea prostrata 


iu pectinata 
—- strupifolia 


——-———- bicarinata 
—- scabripes 
Polystachya affinis . 
Polygonum amplexicaule 
Ponera graminifolia . 
Portulaca Thellusonii 
Pinus oocarpa . 
——- Llaveana 

——- Hartwegii 

——- Devoniana ‘ 
——- Russelliana . 
——- macrophylla 
pseudostrobus 
——- apulcensis 


— 


Quekettia microscopica 


Rodriguezia laxiflora 
Salvia Moorcroftii Š 
——— patens . . 


— 


INDEX FOR 1839, 


Plate. 


30 
60 


68 
21 


Misc. 


80 


Salvia confertiflora « 
Saecolabium micranthum 
Sarcochilus olivaceus 
Saponaria perfoliata 
Seaphyglottis reflexa 
stellata 
Schomburgkia marginata 
Scilla pratensis $ 
Senecio populifolius, lacteus 
cruentus 
odoratus 
Solanum candidum 
Sollya linearis . 
Spiræa cuneifolia . 
vacciniifolia ‘ 
——— laxiflora 
Specklinia obovata . 
Statice arborea 
Stanhopea tigrina 
————- oculata 
Stenochilus longifolius 
incanus 
Thysanotus isantherus 
Trigonidium tenue . 
Trichinium alopecuroideum 
- Manglesii (note) 
————- Stirlingii (note) 
Tulipa maleolens 
Vanda congesta 
Veronica formosa 
Xerotes longifolia 
Zichya tricolor 
angustifolia (note) 


— 


MISCELLANEOUS MATTER. 


Beet root, observations on, by M. Decaisne 
Cordage Plants, some account of 
Circulation of the latex in Plants 
Cape of Good Hope, notes on its Vegetation 


Endlicher's theory of vegetable fertilization 


Frozen Potatoes : 


Genera Plantarum 


Frankincense tree of Sierra Leone 


Flora de Filipinas, Blanco's 


Plate. Misc 
. 89 
i ok 52 
A 27 
" 83 
. 21 
T 60 
Mig» 12 
. 63 
< 45 
45 4. 
dl 111 
.. 125 
"OT u 
. 87 
T 88 
+ ee 89 
ss 191 
6 
1 
es V 113 
115 
. 116 
À 75 
z 59 
28 
. 98 
. 28 
. 66 
ee 94 
ce 85 
3 
. 52 
08 
Page 
28 
5 
48 
. 52 
4 
40 
12 
. 30 
75 


INDEX FOR 1839. 


Gentiaificex, Grisebach’s Monograph of s : 

Hair-like roots of Cotyledon cristatum : A > 3 
Horse-chesnuts, poisonous. š i : A 
Horticultural Society’s Garden ; : t e disi 
Myrtle, derivation of the name s ; : . 
Orchidaceee of Brazil, their habits - : Y. 
Perrine on acclimatizing tropical plants in the United States "i4. 
Pisonai tree . : 2 : . à 
Pinetum Woburnense ` è . 
Primary distribution of the Vegetable Kingdom : 5 : 
Proceedings of the Royal Asiatic Society . . . 
Pollen covered with starch : . . > 
Royle's Illustrations of the Botany, &c. of the Finales . . 
Starch on the outside of pollen grains . à . 

Torrey and Gray's Flora of N. America . . ` T 
 Wight's Illustrations of Indian Botany . 2 9 ^us : 


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