OCT 281942
SARGENTIA
A CONTINUATION OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
II
THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA
BY
HUI-LIN LI
WITH FOURTEEN TEXT-FIGURES
Sinn mt att .
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PUBLISHED BY
THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS., U. S. A.
1942
SARGENTIA
A CONTINUATION OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
A publication issued at irregular intervals by the Arnold Arbore-
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SARGENTIA
A CONTINUATION OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
II
THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA
BY
HUI-LIN LI
WITH FOURTEEN TEXT-FIGURES
PUBLISHED BY
THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS., U. S. A.
1942
SARGENTIA
A CONTINUATION OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
oF Harvarp UNIVERSITY
No. II, pp. 1-134, with fourteen text-figures
Issued Oct. 26th, 1942
PRINTED BY THE LANCASTER Press, INC.
LANCASTER, PA.
THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA!
Hur-Lin Li
with fourteen text-figures
INTRODUCTION
This is a systematic study of the Araliaceae of China. An attempt is made to
account for every published binomial belonging to this family as recorded from
China in botanical literature from 1753 to the present date. Sources of all names
are cited and an attempt has been made to clarify the often somewhat complicated
synonymy. The work is mainly based on the extensive collection of Chinese
plants at the Arnold Arboretum, supplemented by collections from other Chinese
and American herbaria. The Araliaceae as a group is particularly difficult to
study because of constant problems in relation to the delimitation of many genera
and species. As it has been impossible for me to consult certain types preserved
in European herbaria, because of war conditions, I have been obliged, in certain
cases, to accept current interpretations, and thus certain conclusions must be
accepted as tentative.
In adopting generic limitations generally accepted by most modern authors,
seventeen genera’ are recognized as occurring in China. Among them only
Panax and some species of Aralia are herbaceous, all others being ligneous vines,
shrubs or trees. Diplopanax is a monotypic genus confined to China. Merrillio-
panax, herein described as a new genus from Yunnan, is also represented in
India. Tupidanthus occurs also in India, Tetrapanax in Formosa, Heteropanax
in tropical Asia, and Kalopanax in Japan. Trevesia, Brassaiopsis, Macropana.x,
and Acanthopanax are more or less widespread in southern Asia, while Sche flera,
Dendropanax, Pentapanax, and Aralia, as herein interpreted, are common to both
hemispheres. Panax is found in temperate regions of eastern Asia and North
America, and Hedera in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Nothopanax is chiefly
Australian, with some species occurring in China.
Besides a few doubtful ones, a total of 121 species, 32 varieties, and 3 forms
are recognized in this study. This number is about seven times that known to
Forbes and Hemsley in 1888 (13), and twice the number enumerated by Chung
in 1924 (6). The family is most highly developed in genera and in species in the
south and southwestern parts of China. The numerous botanical explorations
made in recent years in these parts of China by the Fan Memorial Institute of
Biology, the Botanical Institute of Sunyatsen University, Lingnan University,
and the University of Nanking, all in collaboration with the Arnold Arboretum
1A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in the Department of Biology, Harvard University.
2 Plerandra (Diplasandra) jatrophifolia Hance (Jour. Bot. 19: 275. 1881) was described
from a plant cultivated in the Hongkong Botanic Garden. The genus is Polynesian. As the
original habitat of this plant is unknown, this genus is not treated here. Fatsia japonica
(Thunb.) Dene. & Planch. is also found only in cultivation in China. I have seen only one
single fruiting specimen from China: Chekiang, Hangchow, Chi Pan Shan, Chekiang Univ.
LU77622, in LU.
2 SARGENTIA [2
of Harvard University, have greatly enriched our reference collections and thus
added to our knowledge of this family.
The classification of the Araliaceae has been treated by Baillon (1), Seemann
(32, 33), Bentham and Hooker (3), Harms (17), and Viguier (36). In the
present work, the systematic order of the genera follows that of Harms in Engler
and Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien (17). Genera described since
Harms’ work was published are placed in accordance with his general arrange-
ment. In characterizing the accepted genera, the original descriptions and later
ones by other authors have been consulted, and these descriptions have been
studied in association with extensive collections of Chinese and other Old World
material. On account of the lack of sharp and well defined characters, various
authors have at times tended to subdivide larger groups, but it is felt that at least
some of those who advocate small generic segregates have lacked accessibility to
comprehensive collections of reference material. In this treatment, it has been
thought desirable to follow generic interpretations as accepted by most modern
authors ; in other words, I have adopted a conservative attitude. It is to be noted
that between closely related genera, such as Aralia and Pentapanax, Brassaiopsis
and Acanthopanax, etc., species apparently transitional in nature are often found.
In cases of doubt or those of special interest, more or less detailed discussions
are given under each species. The descriptions of the species herein presented
are based on the original diagnoses, supplementary data provided by later authors,
and an actual examination of all available specimens. The generic descriptions,
in general, have been limited to the characters presented by the Chinese species.
In connection with this study of the Chinese Araliaceae, I have found the
practice of pasting original descriptions and critical notes in the form of clippings
or typed data into the herbarium to be extremely useful. It not only saves time
in searching for references in widely scattered literature, but also enables one to
detect many bibliographical errors by checking the complete series of assembled
data regarding a given species. My study was greatly facilitated by having access
to the very large amount of published data incorporated in the Britton Her-
barium, New York Botanical Garden, and the less extensive assemblage in the
herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. In both institutions this task of inserting
published data in the herbarium was initiated by Dr. E. D. Merrill, in 1930 and
1935 respectively. Where this work has been extensively done, the student con-
sulting the herbarium finds a great deal of his needed bibliographical data readily
available in juxtaposition with the actual herbarium specimens. For the tech-
nique of inserting published data in the herbarium, see Merrill, Jour. Arn. Arb.
18: 173-182. 1937.
In the course of this study, it is found desirable to describe some new species
and varieties and to make some new combinations; at the same time I have re-
duced to synonymy certain species proposed by various authors. One new genus
is proposed. The types of the new species and varieties, unless otherwise indi-
cated, are deposited in the Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard Uni-
versity.
It is to be noted that most of the new species are found in Yunnan, with a fair
number from Kwangsi. These subtropical regions have been intensively ex-
plored only in recent years. Most of the new species are in the genera Sche fflera
and Dendropanax, both of which are mainly tropical in distribution. Species of
the large and more temperate genera Acanthopanax and Aralia have been col-
lected more frequently and are fairly well known. The mountainous south-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA a
western parts of China still furnish a wealth of botanical material, with numerous
novelties in all major groups of plants. As the floras of the adjacent regions,
such as Siam, Burma, and Indo-China are, as yet, imperfectly known, a closer
coordination of our knowledge of the elements of these closely related floras is
highly desirable for a better understanding of the relationships and geographic
distribution of the species occurring within the contiguous areas.
HISTORICAL NOTE
Three genera of the family Araliaceae were recognized by Linnaeus in 1753
(24). They were placed separately, Aralia in Pentandria-Pentagynia, Hedera
in Pentandria-Monogynia, and Panax in Polygamia-Dioecia, in the Linnaean
system. Ventenat in 1799 (35) first established the Araliaceae as a family,
followed by Jussieu in 1816 (22) and D. Don in 1825 (9). DeCandolle (4)
monographed the family in 1830, and later Endlicher (12) treated it in 1840 and
Decaisne and Planchon (8) in 1854 respectively. From 1864 to 1868, Seemann
(32, 33) revised the whole group by recognizing two ‘orders,’ the Hederaceae,
those with flowers having valvate petals, and the Araliaceae, those with flowers
having imbricate petals. Later treatments on the classification of the family were
by Baillon (1) in 1880, Harms (17) in 1894, and Viguier (36) in 1906. No
monographic study of the entire family has been made in recent years.
The first species described from China were Aralia chinensis Linn. and Zan-
thoxylum trifoliatum Linn. (the basis of Acanthopanax trifoliatus (Linn.)
Merr.) published in 1753 (24). Other authors, such as Loureiro (25), Cham-
pion (5), Hance (15), Bentham (2), Seemann (32), and others, and later on
Franchet (14), Harms (17, 18, 19, 20, 21), and others described many species
of Chinese Araliaceae. In 1888, Forbes and Hemsley (13), in their enumera-
tion of Chinese plants, recorded nine genera and twenty-two species of Araliaceae,
including one species of the genus Helwingia, which is now placed in the family
Cornaceae. Since that time a number of new genera and species have been added
to the Chinese list as a result of successive botanical explorations in the more
remote provinces. In 1924, Chung (6), in his catalogue of Chinese woody
plants, listed fourteen genera, seventy-two species, and seven varieties of aralia-
ceous plants. This number has since been increased considerably. Among the
more recent authors who have contributed most to our knowledge of the Chinese
Araliaceae are Handel-Mazzetti (16), Harms (17, 18, 19, 20, 21), W. W. Smith
(34), Rehder (21), Merrill (26, 27, 28), and Chun (28).
GENERAL AND DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS
The Araliaceae are for the most part woody plants, Panax and some species
of Aralia being herbaceous. The ligneous representatives vary from low shrubs
to tall trees or vines, sometimes climbing by means of aerial roots. Some of
them are epiphytic or pseudoepiphytic. The herbaceous species are perennial,
with fleshy rootstocks. Some of the herbaceous species of Aralia have suffru-
tescent stems.
Many of the plants are prickly. The length, shape, abundance, and distribu-
tion of these prickles are important diagnostic characters. In addition to prickles,
the plants may be covered with indumentum ranging from bristles or setose hairs
to a well defined tomentum. The hairs may be simple, scaly, furfuraceous, or
4 SARGENTIA [2
more commonly stellate, and in color the indumentum varies from white to brown,
ferruginous or red.
The leaves are alternately arranged and are sometimes more or less clustered at
the ends of the branchlets. They may be simple and entire or palmately lobed,
or digitately or pinnately compound or decompound. There are considerable
variations in the size, shape, indumentum, serration, etc., and all are important
diagnostic characters for delimiting genera as well as species. The number,
prominence, and arrangement of the nerves are useful as specific characters in
many cases. Some of the species of Dendropanax have characteristic trans-
lucent glands in the leaves, which vary in size, color, and distribution. The
petioles are generally long and slightly enlarged and thickened at the base. The
stipules are either adnate to and scarcely distinguishable from the base of the
petiole or prominent, intrapetiolar, and united. They are occasionally absent.
The inflorescence is very important in the classification of the genera as well as
species. It may be terminal at the end of long or short branches or axillary.
The flowers of most species are arranged in umbels, occasionally in racemes.
The umbels or racemes may again be organized into compound umbels or panicles.
Some species have sessile flowers compactly arranged in globose heads. The
inflorescence is frequently covered with indumentum. The number of flowers in
the umbels, the length of the peduncles, the shape and size of the bracts and
bracteoles, and the length of the pedicels are useful in differentiating some of the
species and varieties. The presence or absence of articulations on the pedicels
just below the flowers is an important generic character.
The flowers are regular, commonly very small, and perfect, polygamous, or
dioecious. They are mostly 5-merous, but 4-merous and other variations are
found. In Tupidanthus, the number of certain floral parts is indefinite. The
calyx is superior, enclosing the ovary. It is usually short, infundibular or cup-
shaped, and glabrous or hairy. The margin may be entire or distinctly or indis-
tinctly dentate. The petals are inserted at the edge of the epigynous disk. They
may be valvate or imbricate in the bud, a character that separates the two tribes
of the family that are found in China. They are either free or they may cohere
at their tips, thus at times being almost calyptrate and falling together. The
petal-bases are generally broad, while their tips may be slightly thickened and
incurved.
The stamens are generally of the same number as the petals and inserted alter-
nately with them, rarely twice as many as the petals or indefinite in number. The
filaments are distinct, short, as long as or sometimes slightly longer than the
petals. The anthers are oblong or ovate, introrse, versatile, and consist of 2
locules dehiscing longitudinally.
The ovary is inferior, with one or more cells. The ovules are solitary in each
cell, anatropous, and pendulous from the apex. The ovary is crowned by an
epigynous disk or stylopodium which is either flattened or hemispherical and
confluent with the styles. The styles correspond in number to the cells of the
ovary and are distinct or more or less cohering into a column or short cone, rarely
absent. The stigmas are simple, insignificant or slightly capitate.
The fruit is a berry or drupe mostly small in size, usually longitudinally ridged
and sulcate. The shape, size, number of cells, and other characters are of diag-
nostic importance. The fruit is frequently crowned by the persistent styles or
style-column and by the calyx-teeth. The exocarp is usually fleshy. The endo-
carp is sometimes hardly distinct from the exocarp or forms distinctly carti-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 5
laginous or membranaceous pyrenes. The seeds are solitary in the pyrenes, in-
verted, usually laterally compressed, with a minute straight embryo and a fleshy,
copious endosperm. The endosperm may be uniform or ruminated, a character
of generic value.
SYSTEMATIC POSITION AND SUBDIVISIONS
The family Araliaceae is one of the three of the order Umbelliflorae (Umbel-
lales), which is generally regarded as the most highly specialized group of the
Archichlamydeae. This order is characterized by the commonly umbellate in-
florescences and the usually small, epigynous flowers, with generally constant
numbers of floral parts. The other two families are Umbelliferae and Cornaceae,
the latter sometimes split into more than one family. The Araliaceae and
Umbelliferae are considered as phylogenetically closely related, while the Corna-
ceae is not very closely allied to the other two. The Araliaceae differs from the
Umbelliferae in that its habit is prevailing woody, the carpels 1-5 or sometimes
more, and the fruit a drupe or berry; in the Umbelliferae the plants are all
herbaceous, the carpels invariably two in number, and the fruit is a schizocarp.
The Chinese genera of Araliaceae can be arranged in two very clearly distinct
tribes, the Schefflereae and the Aralieae. The former has the petals valvate in
the bud, and the latter has imbricate petals. A third tribe, the Mackinlayeae, has
no representative in China.
RELATIONSHIPS OF THE CHINESE GENERA
Tupidanthus is unique in the Araliaceae and seems to be only remotely related
to the other genera. Its primitiveness, however, as indicated by the numerous
stamens, ovary-cells, and styles, is unquestionable. By reduction in the number
of its floral parts, its ancestral form may have evolved toward such a genus as
Plerandra, an Indo-Polynesian genus, and thence on to other genera of higher
positions.
Among the other genera, Trevesia is one of those of a more primitive nature,
but in its 7-12-merous flowers it is distinctly more advanced than Tupidanthus.
Nevertheless, it is still more primitive than the other genera in its more numerous
petals, stamens, and ovary-cells. Reduction in the number of floral parts is a
definite and clearcut sequence of evolution in this family.
Tetrapanax may be the result of further reduction from Trevesia. All of the
three genera mentioned, Tupidanthus, Trevesia, and Tetrapanax, have a uniform
endosperm, digitately lobed or palmately compound leaves, inarticulate pedicels,
and entirely umbellate flowers.
Schefflera may represent a center of development culminating at this level.
This large genus has closely related species, but variations within the genus are
already manifest in the several directions that eventually lead to the development
of other genera. The number of petals, stamens, and ovary-cells in the Chinese
species varies from 5 to 7. The flowers, although mostly in umbels, are some-
times capitate or racemose ; where the flowers are umbellate the umbels are often
arranged in racemes. The leaves are prevailingly digitately compound in the
Chinese species, but in certain extra-Chinese species they may be simple. The
endosperm is mostly uniform, but in a few cases slight ruminations are present.
Those species of Schefflera with capitate flowers and ruminate endosperm
point to the development of such a genus as Oreopanax. Those with ruminate
6 SARGENTIA [2
endosperm, by further reduction especially in the number of ovary-cells, may lead
to the development of such a genus as Brassaiopsis, a group which is also appar-
ently related to certain species of Acanthopanax. There may also be relation-
ships between some species of Brassaiopsis and Tetrapanax and other genera
with palmately lobed leaves.
On the other hand, Dendropanax, also apparently close to Schefflera, may have
been evolved from the latter by a reduction of its vegetative parts, as it always
has strictly simple leaves. Hedera is apparently derived from Dendropanax, but
is more specialized in its climbing habit, often dimorphous leaves, and ruminate
endosperm. The true alliances of Diplopanay are somewhat doubtful, as its
single-celled ovaries, spicate inflorescences, and unique fruits are all outstanding
and indicate little relationship to the other genera discussed. It is apparently
closer to Dendropanax or perhaps Schefflera than any of the other genera.
Acanthopanax is another large group that may have been a center from which
other genera have been derived. It represents a higher level than Schefflera, as
evidenced by its smaller number of floral parts and the slight articulation of the
pedicels in certain species. The genus is heterogeneous and may ultimately
require certain segregations.
Some species of Acanthopanax are apparently related to Brassaiopsis, parti-
cularly those species with a reduced number of ovary-cells. The articulation of
the pedicels is further developed in Nothopanax and Macropanax, the latter being
further specialized by its ruminate endosperm. Merrilliopanax may represent
another line of specialization from Acanthopanax, particularly in the direction of
Nothopanax. Kalopanax, which has been included in Acanthopanax by some
authors, is unquestionably closely related to the latter. It 1s, however, possibly
equally close to Brassaiopsis, for some species of Brassaiopsis may have been
Panax
ff
y \
Macropanax / Aralia
. 9 Z Ne
Nothopanax \. /
rq ™ / Pentapanax
| | se /
i athe 9 57 .
Merrilliopanax < Acanthopanax : cla t.
Hedera |
Pe. (Oreopanax ) Kalopanax l
|
Dendropanax |
/ ate Brassaiopsis |
/ bak ra T |
|
Diplopanaxe - - -— == Schefflera | |
T Tetrapanax |
|
Trevesia |
/ |
( Plerandra )
Tupidanthus
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 7
derived from Acanthopanax through Kalopanax, while other species may have
been derived from Sche fflera.
The different genera so far discussed are all members of the tribe Schefflereae,
characterized by having valvate petals. They bear either simple or palmately
lobed or digitately compound leaves. Heteropanax, however, differs from all
others in having pinnately compound or decompound leaves. In floral char-
acters, it is close to Brassaiopsis and Macropanax. It may represent a highly
specialized line derived out of some genera with pinnately lobed leaves, that are
not at present represented in China.
The tribe Aralieae has imbricate petals and evidently represents a higher devel-
opment than the tribe Schefflereae, as evidenced by the herbaceous habit in some
of the species. Pentapanax is even more primitive than Aralia, as may be judged
by its prevailingly woody habit and generally more numerous ovary-cells. Pana+
is entirely herbaceous and represents a more specialized development. Its digi-
tately compound leaves, however, indicate little relationship with the other two
genera with pinnately compound leaves and it may even be remotely connected
with Acanthopanax or other genera of the tribe Schefflereae.
A schematic representation of the relationships of the Chinese genera is pre-
sented on p. 6 to summarize the above discussion. The extra-Chinese genera
mentioned are indicated by their names being in parentheses. Solid lines indi-
cate more definite relationships, while broken lines indicate doubtful ones. Ar-
rows are used to show probable directions of evolution.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
The family Araliaceae is mainly tropical, with very few of its genera extending
to the north. In China the maximum development is in the southwest, with the
province Yunnan yielding over half of all the known Chinese species. It is well
represented in all the southern provinces, with 30° N. as the northern boundary
of most of its genera. Among the seventeen genera known to occur in China,
only five, Acanthopanax, Kalopanax, Aralia, Hedera, and Panax, have species
that extend to the Yellow River Valley or occasionally even as far north as
Manchuria. The distribution of the different genera may be summarized briefly
as follows:
1. Tupidanthus. This monotypic genus is found in India and Burma. In
China it is known from Yunnan only.
2. Trevesia. The one species and variety of this genus found in southwestern
China occur in the provinces Yunnan and Kweichow. This genus is widespread
in tropical Asia.
3. Tetrapanax. A single species of this genus occurs in southern and western
China, in the provinces Hunan, Szechuan, Yunnan, Kweichow, Kwangsi, and
Kwangtung. It has also been recorded by other authors from Anhwei and
Hupeh. Outside of China it occurs in Formosa only.
4. Scheffilera. This large genus is common to the warmer parts of both hemi-
spheres. Twenty-eight species and two varieties are recorded in the present
study. Yunnan is the chief center of occurrence in China, with twenty-two
species. From five to seven species are found in each of the provinces Kweichow,
Kwangsi, and Kwangtung, and one to three in Chekiang, Fukien, Hainan,
Kiangsi, Szechuan, and Sikang.
5. Diplopanax. This recently established monotypic genus is endemic in
Kwangsi.
8 SARGENTIA [2
6. Dendropanax. This genus is common to the tropical regions of Asia and
America, a few species extending beyond the tropics. It is essentially tropical
and southern in China. Of the thirteen species and one variety found in China,
eleven are recorded from Kwangsi, nine from Kwangtung, three from Hainan,
and three from Kweichow. One or two are found in each of the following
provinces: Fukien, Yunnan, Szechuan, Hunan, Kiangsi, Anhwei, and Chekiang.
In China this genus extends to about 30° N., but it occurs north of this in Korea
and Japan.
7. Hedera. This genus is found in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. The one
variety found in China is fairly widespread. It is found mainly in western
China from Kansu and Shensi in the north to Yunnan in the south and along the
Yangtze Valley in central and eastern China.
8. Brassaiopsis. This is a tropical genus which extends from India to Malaysia.
In China it is entirely confined to the southwestern part of the country. Of the
thirteen species, almost all are found in Yunnan, while a few extend to the
neighboring provinces, such as Szechuan, Kweichow, Kwangsi, and Hainan.
9, Macropanax., The two species of Macropanax are mainly characteristic of
India. In China they are found in Yunnan and Hainan only.
10. Merrilliopanax. This new genus contains two species. One of them is
common to northeastern India and Yunnan. The other is known from a single
Yunnan collection.
11. Nothopanax. This genus is chiefly Australian.. The three Chinese species
are localized in the southwest, mainly in Yunnan, but the group is also repre-
sented in Hupeh, Szechuan, Sikang, and Kweichow.
12. Acanthopanax. ‘This large eastern Asiatic and Himalayan genus is distinctly
temperate in distribution and is well represented in all parts of China. It is
found in all provinces from Manchuria south to Hainan Island, with the maxi-
mum development along the Yangtze Valley. Twenty-two species, twelve varie-
ties, and three forms are recorded in this study. These are more or less evenly
distributed throughout the different provinces. Ten or more are found in both
Yunnan and Szechuan (including Sikang). About five species and varieties are
found in each of the following provinces: Shensi, Kansu, Hopei, Chekiang,
Anhwei, Kiangsi, Kwangsi, Kwangtung, and Kweichow. The other provinces
have from one to three each.
13. Kalopanax. The single species (with two varieties) of this genus is wide-
spread in China. Records are found in all provinces from Manchuria to Kwang-
tung except Hainan and Kwangsi in the south and Kansu and Shensi in the
north. It also occurs in Japan.
14. Heteropanax. The three species and two varieties so far known in this
genus are found in the southern provinces, Kiangsi, Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwang-
tung, and Hainan. The genus is southern Asiatic in distribution.
15. Pentapanax. ‘This genus occurs in southern Asia, Australia, and in tropical
America. Seven species and one or two varieties are known in China. They
are all confined to Yunnan except one or two from Szechuan, Sikang, and Anhwei.
16. Aralia. This large genus is characteristic of the temperate and tropical
regions of Asia and America. Twenty species and two varieties are known in
China. The genus is widely distributed all over China from Manchuria to
Hainan. The species are especially well dispersed in the provinces along the
Yangtze River and south to it. The maximum development is in Yunnan,
Kwangtung, and Kwangsi.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 9
17. Panax. This genus is found in the temperate regions of eastern Asia and
North America. Of the two species known in China, one is probably confined
to Manchuria, while the other, with its several varieties, is found mainly in
southern, western, and central China.
ECONOMIC USES
The family Araliaceae yields a number of important drug plants. The ginseng,
Panax schin-seng Nees, is a very famous Chinese tonic. The root bark of
Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith, its varieties, and possibly some of the
related species, known as wu-chia-pi, is used in making a well known medicinal
wine. The root of Aralia cordata Thunb., and the stems, leaves, and fruits of
Hedera nepalensis var. chinensis Rehder are also used in Chinese medicine. The
pith of Tetrapanax papyriferus Koch produces the rice paper, tung-tsao, which is
used in medicine and is very extensively employed in making artificial flowers
and for other purposes of decoration.
A number of timber trees are found in this family. Kalopanay pictus
(Thunb.) Nakai is an important timber tree in China. It is widely scattered
and common throughout most parts of China. A few species, such as Schefflera
octophylla Harms, produce lumber that is used for making furniture and for
other purposes. Many shrubs, particularly those of the genera Acanthopanax,
Nothopanax, and Aralia, are valued as ornamentals.
NOMENCLATURE AND CITATIONS
In this treatment, Panax and all Panax compounds are treated as masculine, as
this is provided for specifically in the last edition of the International Rules of
Botanical Nomenclature. Panax classically is masculine, but Linnaeus (24)
used it as neuter. Most botanists did the same until Franchet in 1886 and
Harms in 1894 (17) consistently used the masculine form for Panax and all
the Panax compounds; this latter usage is correct and should be universally
adopted.
The citations of specimens at the end of the descriptions are given in chrono-
logical order. The dates of the specimens cited are omitted to conserve space.
Series numbered by institutions are cited after the collector whenever the collector
is indicated on the labels. Geographic subdivisions are based on provinces, with
Hainan separated from Kwangtung. They are generally given in the following
order: Kansu, Shensi, Shansi, Honan, Hopei, Jehol, Manchuria, Shangtung,
Kiangsu, Chekiang, Anhwei, Kiangsi, Hunan, Hupeh, Szechuan, Sikang, Tibet,
Yunnan, Kweichow, Kwangsi, Kwangtung, Hainan, and Fukien, beginning from
the northwest along the Yellow River, extending to the east and then along the
Yangtze River to the west and finally along the Pearl River, ending in the south-
east. In this sequence phytogeographically related provinces are generally held
together. Precise localities are given according to what data are available in the
field notes. However, no attempt is made to standardize the local place names,
as Chinese characters are mostly not available. Sikang, recently established as a
province, was formed from the special District of Sikang and parts of western
Szechuan. In many instances it has been considered expedient to enumerate
plants from Sikang and Szechuan together, as from the place names originally
given in the field notes it is often difficult or impossible to make out their exact
locations according to the new provincial boundaries. Some doubt may thus be
10 SARGENTIA [2
found in places quoted as southeastern Tibet, western Szechuan, and northern
Yunnan.
Abbreviations used in designating the herbaria in which cited specimens are
deposited are as follows:
AA Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University.
CCC Canton Christian College = Lingnan University.
G Gray Herbarium of Harvard University.
LU Lingnan University.
NY — Britton Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden.
UN University of Nanking.
W United States National Herbarium.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was prosecuted under the direction and supervision of Prof. E. D.
Merrill, to whom I wish to express my sincere gratitude for guidance and en-
couragement, and whose financial assistance has enabled me to complete the task.
Grateful acknowledgment is due to the Associated Boards for Christian Colleges
in China for financial assistance rendered to me in the form of scholarships. To
Prof. A. Rehder, Dr. A. C. Smith, Dr. F. P. Metcalf, Dr. L. M. Perry, and Dr.
L. Croizat I am obliged for their many practical suggestions and criticisms during
the course of this study. To other members of the Arnold Arboretum staff, who
have directly or indirectly facilitated this work, I wish to extend my thanks.
Lastly I am indebted to the curators of the several herbaria listed above, who
courteously loaned material for this study. Particular thanks are due to Dr.
H. A. Gleason, Curator of the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden,
for his generosity in loaning not only all the eastern Asiatic herbarium specimens
of Araliaceae, but at the same time permitting me to borrow all the specimen
covers with the majority of published items appertaining to the Asiatic species
of the family actually in place in the herbarium.
ARALIACEAE
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the margin undulate or denticulate. Petals
5-10, valvate or imbricate, usually free, sometimes connate or calyptrate. Sta-
mens usually as many as the petals and alternate with them, or twice as many as
the petals, or indefinite, inserted with the petals at the edge of the disk, the fila-
ments filiform or ligulate, the anthers oblong or ovate, versatile, introrse, the
locules 2, longitudinally dehiscent. Disk epigynous, fleshy, shortly conical or
annular. Ovary inferior, 1—15-celled, the styles as many as the locules, some-
times distinct, usually partly or wholly connate into a column or short cone, the
stigmas terminal, the styles occasionally suppressed, the stigmas sessile on the
tip of the ovary. Ovules solitary, pendulous from the apex of each cell, ana-
tropous. Fruit baccate or drupaceous, the ¢xocarp usually fleshy, the endocarp
forming distinct cartilaginous or membranaceous pyrenes or hardly distinct from
the exocarp. Seeds solitary in pyrenes, usually laterally compressed, endospermic,
with small embryo, the endosperm uniform or ruminated.
Perennial herbs or shrubs or trees, often prickly, sometimes scandent. Leaves
alternate, petiolate, simple or pinnately compound or decompound or digitately
compound. Stipules adnate to the petioles, often connate into a sheath, some-
times hardly distinct or wanting. Flowers regular, mostly small, hermaphrodite,
polygamous, or dioecious, usually in umbels or heads, rarely racemose or spicate,
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 11
the umbels or heads solitary, racemose, corymbose, paniculate, or umbellate.
Bracts subtending the branches of inflorescence small, deciduous or persistent.
Bracteoles at the base of the pedicels small, usually inconspicuous. Pedicels con-
tinuous with calyx or articulate under the flower.
About 60 genera and more than 800 species in the tropical and temperate re-
gions of both hemispheres. Seventeen genera and about 120 species are found
in China.
Key To THE CHINESE GENERA
A. Petals valvate in the bud. (Tribe I. Schefflereae Harms.)
B. Stamens very numerous, often 50-70, ovary-cells indefinite ........... 1. Tupidanthus.
BB. Stamens 10 or fewer, ovary-cells definite, 1-12.
C. Ovary 4-12-celled.
D. Leaves simple or pinnately lobed.
E. Ovary 7-12-celled; petals and stamens 7-12; styles united into a short column;
leaves apinnately 5—9-lobed ..... 5.6.4: sss see as cece tee ann ot oid 2. Trevesia.
EE. Ovary 5-celled; petals and stamens 5-12; styles more or less distinct; leaves
generally simple, sometimes palmately 2-3-lobed.
F. Erect shrubs; leaves often with characteristic transluscent glands; endosperm
‘ihhito) 90 i oe rPnMREREE A NA ee 6. Dendropanax.
FF. Woody vines climbing by means of aerial roots; leaves without glands; endo-
Seren -Titminate . .: <td eee NBs tee ss co sa 4 7. Hedera.
DD, Leaves digitately compound.
E. Unarmed; ovary 5—7-celled, styles united into a column or stigmas sessile.
4. Scheffiera.
EE. Prickly, rarely unarmed; ovary 2-, occasionally 3—5-celled, styles 2-5, distinct
mracotnate at the base: ....c cs eee meme etc otesieie wee ain can 12. Acanthopanax.
CC. Ovary 1—2-celled, seldom 3-celled.
De Ovaryer-celled’> stamens.10: leavesssimples as sigi.c. <'a56s ste ee > 5. Diplopanax.
DD. Ovary 2-3-celled; stamens mostly 4-5; leaves simple or compound.
E. Leaves simple or palmately lobed or digitately compound.
F’, Leaves simple or palmately lobed.
G. Armed or unarmed trees, rarely shrubs; styles united into a column.
H. Armed trees; flowers perfect; endosperm uniform ........ 13. Kalopanax.
HH. Armed or unarmed trees or shrubs; flowers mostly polygamous; endo-
sperm: uniform: or fuminate ascent] ee 2. sas sis lc 8. Brassaiopsis.
GG. Unarmed shrubs; styles distinct or slightly connate at the base.
H. Leaves palmately 7—IZ-lobed) 2 sapere et ee es ce) 00 Cbrapanae.
HH. Leaves not lobed, or, if so, the lobes 2-5 only.
I. Simple and lobed and digitately 3-5-foliolate leaves often present on the
same plant; pedicels distinctly articulate; fruits mostly flattened.
11. Nothopanax.
IT, Leaves not lobed or only shallowly 3-lobed; pedicels inarticulate; fruits
subglobose | .. << cemraseee eee eater et aks ierece oe ek eee 10. Merrilliopanax.
FF, Leaves digitately compound.
G. Unarmed shrubs; pedicels distinctly articulate under the flower.
H. Styles distinct or connate at base; fruit often flattened; endosperm uni-
110 901 MP I ee, trodden Sei ban Ear tae PEO oe 11. Nothopanax. ,
HH. Styles united into a column; fruit ovoid, ribbed; endosperm ruminate.
9. Macropanax.
GG. Prickly or rarely unarmed shrubs; pedicels inarticulate or only very ob-
scurely jointed.
H. Umbels in large compound panicles; flowers mostly polygamous; styles
united into a column; endosperm uniform or ruminate ...8. Brassaiopsis.
HH. Umbels solitary or few together or forming large terminal panicles;
flowers perfect or polygamous; styles distinct or, connate at the base
only ; ‘endosperm “unitormieewaseeetee os). ss 12. Acanthopanax.
EE. Leaves pinnately compound or decompound ................. 14. Heteropanax.
12 SARGENTIA [2
AA. Petals imbricate in the bud. (Tribe II. Aralieae Harms.)
B, Herbaceous or woody plants; leaves pinnately compound or decompound; styles 2-5.
C. Herbs, shrubs, or small trees; leaves 1-3-pinnate; flowers umbellate ; ovary 2-5-celled,
eer NUON a IE ios u'ba Svs'e Vd bod his coe ade see Deeds cone 16. Aralia.
CC. Trees or large scandent shrubs; leaves 1-pinnate; flowers racemose or umbellate;
ovary 5-, sometimes 7-8-celled, the styles 5, more or less united ....15. Pentapanax.
BB, Herbs; leaves digitately compound; ovary 2-, sometimes 3-celled, the styles 2 or 3,
MME yo fow pd oi sah rw i iwecesy (400k) dab oRETEA Ceo: ee 17. Panax.
I. Tuprmantuus Hooker f. & Thomson
Tupidanthus Hooker f. & Thomson, Bot. Mag. 82: t. 4908. 1856.
A glabrous shrub, at first erect, afterwards a lofty climber. Leaves large, digi-
tately compound, the leaflets glabrous, entire, coriaceous, petiolulate, the stipules
connate within the petioles. Flowers large, umbellate, the umbels few-flowered,
arranged in a compound umbel or small panicle, the pedicels thick, not articulate
under the flower. Calyx margin obsolete. Petals closely connate into a calyptra,
early deciduous. Stamens very many, in two or more series, the anthers oval-
oblong. Ovary many-celled. Fruit drupaceous, globose, depressed, leathery-
fleshy ; seeds numerous; endosperm uniform.
One species in tropical Asia, extending from India to southwestern China and
Indo-China.
1. Tupidanthus calyptratus Hook. f. & Th. Bot. Mag. 82: t. 4908. 1856; Seem. Jour. Bot.
2: 240. 1864, Revis. Heder. 6. 1868; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 740.
1879; Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 476. 1900; Lévl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915;
Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1170. f. 139. no. 1, 2, 3. 1923; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 185, 1924.
A scandent woody plant, 15-30 m. tall, with 7-9-foliolate leaves, the leaflets
obovate or oblong-lanceolate, entire, the flowers in umbels of 3—7 flowers each,
forming a small panicle or compound umbel with very stout pedicels. Leaves
petiolate, stipulate; petioles terete, glabrous, 12-35 cm. long; stipules connate
within the petiole, forming a short sheath; leaflets coriaceous, petiolulate, 12—20
cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, the apex shortly acuminate,
the base attenuate, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 20-30 or more on both
sides, oblique, distinct on both surfaces; petiolules 3-5 cm. long. Inflorescence
terminal, the flowers arranged in umbels forming a small panicle or an irregu-
larly branched compound umbel, the main umbel about 3-branched, the branches
6-8 cm. long, very stout, with large, ovate, coriaceous bracts at the base, 1.5 cm.
long, the umbels 3-7-flowered, the pedicels stout, glabrous, 2-3 cm. long, the
flowers 1.5-3 cm. across. Calyx-tube coriaceous, glabrous, indistinctly dentate.
Petals forming a calyptra, early deciduous. Stamens very numerous, about 50-
70, crowded, the filaments thick, 3 mm. long. Ovary many-celled, the stigmas
very many, sessile, radiating, fusing to form a connate longitudinal or sometimes
3-rayed stylar tract along the disk, its branches usually appearing cleft at the
ends. Disk broad, flat, obscurely lobed, depressed in the center. Fruit globose,
depressed, 2.5-3.5 cm. across.
Yunnan: Szemao, Henry 12298 (AA, NY), 12298A (W), and 12298B (NY) ; between
Ban Man To and Szemao, J. F. Rock 2757 (AA, W); Tsang Yuan, C. W. Wang 73240
(AA) ; Fo-hai Hsien, C. W. Wang 73932 (AA); Nan Chiao, C. W. Wang 75228 (AA);
Fo-hai Hsien, Meng-ban, Shan-shien, C. W. Wang 76202 (AA).
ApbpITIONAL DistrisuTION: India, Burma, and Indo-China.
Il. Trevesta Visiani
Trevesia Vis. in Giorn. Tosc. Sci. Med. Fis. Nat. 1: 72. 1840, Mem. Accad. Torin II. 4:
262. 1842.
Shrubs or small trees, prickly or unarmed, glabrous or stellate-tomentose.
Leaves large, palmately lobed or digitately compound, the leaflets long-petiolulate
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 13
with free blades, the petiolules often united within a foliaceous expansion at the
apex of the petiole, the stipules connate within the petiole bases or obsolete.
Flowers in umbels, the umbels paniculate, the bracts small, persistent or deciduous,
the pedicels not articulate under the flower. Petals 7-12, valvate, thickish, often
united to form an early deciduous calyptra. Stamens as many as the petals, the
anthers oval. Ovary 7—12-celled, the styles united into a short column. Fruit
ovoid ; seeds compressed ; endosperm uniform.
Two species extending from Eastern India to Malaya and Polynesia.
Type species: Trevesia palmata (Roxb.) Vis. (Gastonia palmata Roxb.).
1. Trevesia palmata (Roxb.) Vis. Mem. Accad. Torin II. 4: 262. 1842; Seem. Jour. Bot. 5:
286. 1867, Revis. Heder. 77. 1868; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 732. 1879;
Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 502. 1911; Diels, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 78. 1912;
Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1180. f. 140. 1923; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 185. 1924; W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 11, 397. 1929-30; Rehder,
Jour. Arn. Arb. 15: 113. 1934; Chun, Sunyatsenia 4: 247. 1940.
Gastonia palmata Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 33, nomen nudum. 1814, Fl. Ind. 2: 407. 1824;
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 11: ¢. 894. 1825.
Gilibertia palmata DC. Prodr. 4: 256. 1830.
Fatsia Cavalerieri Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 144. 1914, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 34. 1914.
A slender tree, 3-5 m. tall, with large, deeply palmately 5—9-lobed leaves, the
lobes serrate or again lobed, the flowers in umbels forming large panicles.
Branches prickly and tomentose. Leaves large, petiolate, stipulate, about 30-45
cm. across, coriaceous, glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs on both surfaces,
in young plants often digitately compound, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, serrate
or again lobed, the lateral nerves distinct on both surfaces, the tertiary nerves
obscure above, the petiolules when present with an entire wing; petioles often
prickly, 30-45 cm. long; stipules united into a 2-lobed sheath within the petioles.
Inflorescence in panicles, 45 cm. long, ferruginous-tomentose when young, the
lower branches compound, the bracts oblong, obtuse, 2.5 cm. long, caducous;
flowers in many-flowered umbels 4.5 cm. across, the peduncles 4-9 cm. long, the
pedicels 1.5-2 cm. long. Calyx ferruginous-tomentose, 4 mm. long, the margin
inconspicuously 10-dentate. Petals 6-10, 5 mm. long, slightly tomentose out-
side. Stamens 6-10, the filaments 5 mm. long. Ovary 8-10-celled, the disk
flattened, the styles coalescing into a grooved cone, the stigmas bluntly toothed.
Fruit subglobose, 1 cm. across, glabrate, the ribs not prominent, the style-cone
persistent, stout, 4 mm. long.
YUNNAN: Szemao, Henry 11757 (AA, NY, W); between Muang Pan and Muang Hun,
J. F. Rock 2395 (AA, W), 2398 (AA, W) ; between Muang Hun and Muang Hai, J. F. Rock
2402 (AA, W); between Hsinfu and Kuan-ni, J. F. Rock 2949 (AA, W); Fo Hai, C. W.
Wang 74910 (AA); Lan-tsung Hsien, C. W. Wang 76594 (AA), 76744 (AA); Shunning,
Lomawe, T. T. Yii 15899 (AA).
Kweicuow: Houa-kiang, J. Cavalerie 2144 (holotype of Fatsia Cavaleriei Lévl., photo.
and merotype, AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India.
The leaves are variable in size and shape. C. B. Clarke (in Hook. f. FI. Brit.
Ind. 2: 732. 1879) distinguishes the form with palmate leaves and entire-winged
petiolules as var. cheirantha, which is also recorded from China by Hemsley
(Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 476. 1899). Rock 2402 and Wang 76594 are inter-
mediate in the general shape of the leaves between the variety, represented by
such specimens as Henry 11757 and Wang 76744, and the typical form. Thus
the status of Clarke’s trinomial is questionable and his variety is not accepted as
appertaining to Chinese forms. The material from Kweichow has the leaves
generally smaller, more coriaceous, and with margins more lobulate than those
of the specimens from other regions.
14 SARGENTIA 2
la. Trevesia palmata var. costata var. nov.
A typo praecipue fructu valde 10-costato differt.
A low shrub. Leaves large, long-petiolate, stipulate, to 60 cm. across, pal-
mately 7—9-lobed, coriaceous, glabrous or scattered-stellate-tomentose on both
surfaces, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, serrate, the lateral nerves distinct on
both surfaces, the tertiary nerves obscure above; petioles 60 cm. or more long,
terete, grooved, with occasional scattered prickles; stipules united into a 2-lobed
sheath within the petiole. Inflorescence and flower unknown. Fruit subglobose,
glabrate, 5 cm. across, prominently 10-ribbed, 10-seeded, the seeds laterally com-
pressed, the style persistent, stout, 2 mm. long.
Yunnan: Lan-tsang Hsien, C. W. Wang 76520 (AA); Fo Hai, C. W. Wang 76004A
(typE, AA); Che-li Hsien, Dah-meng-lung, C. W. Wang 77895 (AA).
Differs from the typical form primarily in the prominently ribbed fruit. With
better material it may prove to be worthy of specific rank.
III. TerrapaAnax K. Koch
Tetrapanax K. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflanzenk. 2: 371. 1859.
Unarmed, stoloniferous shrubs. Leaves large, long-petiolate, palmately lobed,
the lobes acute, serrate, stellate-ferruginous-tomentose beneath, the stipules 2,
awl-shaped, prominent. Flowers in umbels, the umbels in large terminal pani-
cles, the pedicels not articulated under the flowers. Calyx-margin obsolete.
Petals 4-5, ovate, acute, valvate. Stamens 4-5, the filaments elongate, the anthers
elliptic-ovate. Styles 2, erect, recurved at their tips. Ovary 2-celled, the cells
l-ovulate. Fruit baccate, drupaceous.
One species in southern China and Formosa.
1. Tetrapanax papyriferus (Hook.) K. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanzenk. 2: 371. 1859:
Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 58. 1868, Revis. Heder. 88. 1868; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29:
486. 1900; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924: Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 690.
1933; Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 15: 113. 1934; Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 13. 1934.
Aralia papyrifera Hook. Jour. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 53. t. 1, 2, 1852: Curtis Bot. Mag.
82: t. 4897. 1856.
Fatsia papyrifera Benth. & Hook. f. ex Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 341.
1888; Lévl. Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 34. 1914, Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915; Courtois, Notes
Bot. Chine Mus. Heude 2: 55. 1933.
Aralia Mairei Lévl. Rep. Spec. Nov. 13: 342. 1914, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 34. 1914, Cat. PI.
Yun-Nan 11. 1915.
A shrub 1-2 m. tall, with large, palmately 7-12-lobed leaves and large, terminal,
compound, densely tomentose panicles of umbels. Leaves long-petioled, stipulate,
to 50 cm. or more across, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous above, densely
stellate-ferruginous-tomentose beneath, the lobes 7-12, free to the lower 14 the
length of the blade, ovate-oblong, the apex acuminate, the margins entire to
coarsely toothed, the lateral nerves oblique, distinct on both surfaces, the tertiary
nerves slightly impressed above; stipules 2, awl-shaped, acuminate, prominent,
united at base within the petioles; petioles long, terete, glabrous, to 50 cm. or
more long. Inflorescence a large terminal compound panicle, to 50 cm. long,
densely tomentose, the branches ascending, 20 cm. long, the bracts elongate,
acuminate, 2 cm. long, the flowers yellowish white, in umbels, the umbels many-
flowered, 12 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 1.2 cm. long, the bracteoles lirear,
1.2 cm. long, 2 mm. wide; pedicels 4 mm. long. Calyx densely tomentose, 1 mm.
long, the margin obsolete. Petals 4-5, 2 mm. long, tomentose outside, separate
or united to form an early deciduous calyptra. Stamens 4—5, the filaments 3 mm.
long. Ovary 2-celled, the styles 2, distinct, erect, recurved at the tip. Fruit a
drupe.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 15
Hunan: Tschangscha, Handel-Mazszetti 459 (AA).
SzECHUAN: Pechuan Hsien, W. P. Fang 5567 (AA); Pachow Fu, F. T. Wang 22674
(AA); O-pien Hsien, Y. S. Liu 2262 (AA).
Yunnan: Mentze, Henry 11358 (AA, NY, W); Valley of Liu-Kiang, E. E. Maire
(holotype of Aralia Mairei Lévl., photo. in AA).
KwetcHow: Ta Ho Yen, Fan Chin Shan, Steward, Chiao, & Cheo 740 (AA, NY).
Kwancsi: Yung Hsien, Ta Tze Tseun, Steward & Cheo 1200 (AA).
Kwanctunc: Ying Tak, Wan Tong Shan, Tai Tsan, W. T. Tsang & K. C. Wong
2980 = LU 14841 (LU); Lokchong, N. K. Chun 41948 (NY), 42295 (NY); Kook Kiang,
Yao Shan, C. Wang 31548 (AA, NY).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Formosa.
IV. Scuerr_era J. R. & G. Forster
Schefflera J. R. & G. Forst. Char. Gen. 45. t. 23. 1775.
Sciodaphyllum P. Br. Hist. Jam. 190. t. 19. f. 1, 2. 1756.
Agalma Mic. FI. Ind. Bat. 1(1): 752. t. 17. 1855.
Heptapleurum Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 472. t. 178. 1791.
Shrubs or trees, often subscandent, glabrous or tomentose, unarmed. Leaves
digitately compound (in our species), the stipules connate within the petiole.
Flowers in umbels, racemes, or globose heads, these arranged in panicles or com-
pound racemes, the bracts hairy, deciduous or persistent, the pedicels not articu-
lated under the flower. Calyx-margin entire or 5-dentate. Petals 5-7, valvate.
Stamens as many as petals, the anthers ovate. Ovary 5-7-celled, rarely less.
Styles united into a column or none, the stigmas distinct, sometimes sessile.
Fruit globose or ovoid, 5—7-seeded, angled or not; seeds laterally compressed ;
endosperm uniform or slightly ruminated.
Between 300 and 400 species widely distributed in the tropics of both hemi-
spheres.
Type species: Schefflera digitata J. R. & G. Forst. of New Zealand.
The name Schefflera is now generally accepted by most authors for species of
both the Old and New World tropics. While some authors continue to retain
some of the subdivisions, such as Heptapleurum Gaertn., as of generic rank, the
characters are such that for practical purposes it seems best to retain Schefflera
in the wider sense. Attention is called to the fact that Sciodaphyllum P. Br. is
the oldest valid name for this group, it having been based on specimens from
Jamaica. Since it seems to be desirable to unite all species in a single more or
less collective group, the name Schefflera should be conserved, as it is very well
known and extensively used. For a consideration of the matter, see A. C. Smith,
Trop. Woods 66: 3. 1941. .
Key To SPECIES AND VARIETIES -
A. Flowers sessile or short-pedicellate, arranged in compact heads. (Section I. Cephalo-
scheffiera Harms.)
B. Leaflets 6, broadest below the middle, the margins entire or sparingly serrulate, the
tertiary nerves inconspicuous beneath; heads arranged in a panicle ....1. S. chinensis.
BB. Leaflets 7, generally broadest above the middle, the margins entire, the tertiary veins
conspicuous beneath; heads arranged in a@ raceme ...............00s04-- 2. S. Wangiti.
AA. Flowers more or less long-pedicellate, arranged in racemes or umbels. (Section II.
Euscheffilera Harms.)
B. Styles connate into a long or short cylindric column, always evident. (Subsection I.
Agalma Harms.)
C. Flowers in umbels, the umbels in racemes or panicles.
D. Styles connate below, radiate above, their tips reflexed ........ 3. S. hypoleucoides.
DD. Styles connate into a column throughout their whole length.
E. Style-column very short, less than 1 mm. long in fruit ......... 4, S. octophylla.
EE. Style-column exceeding 1 mm. in fruit.
16 SARGENTIA (2
F’, Inflorescence small, less than 15 cm. long; leaflets linear-lanceolate, mem-
EON 6 F856 FN 55 5 ian 00565404405 000000 RO lak 5. S. Bodinieri.
FF, Inflorescence large, 30-40 cm. or more long; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, char-
taceous to coriaceous.
G. Leaflets large, 20-55 cm. X 8-25 cm. ......... cece eeeeee 6. S. macrophylla.
GG. Leaves small, the leaflets less than 20 em. long and 8 cm. wide.
H. Petiolules subequal in length, 1-3.5 cm. long.
I, Leaflets with tertiary veins more or less impressed above.
J. Leaflets oblanceolate to lanceolate, the tertiary veins deeply impressed
BONG 0 Sas oho 85s 6 one i65 02.b baw oes Pee 7. S. impressa.
JJ. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, the tertiary veins slightly impressed above.
8. S. producta.
IT, Leaflets with tertiary veins projecting above ............... 9. S. elata.
HH. Petiolules very unequal in length, 1-9 em. long.
I. Leaflets minutely stellate-tomentose beneath ....... 10. S. minutistellata.
/I, Leaflets with scattered loosely stellate-tomentose hairs or glaucous be-
TACAE eG 059 wba 5 aniS's shats-'d o's 'w G's ee aha share CE es 11. S. hypoleuca.
CC. Flowers in simple racemes or paniculate, never arranged in umbels.
D. Leaflets many, generally 12-16.
E. Leaflets about 16, large, 8-15 cm. X 2-8 cm., the veins projecting above.
12. S. hainanensis.
EE. Leaflets fewer than 16, small, 4-10 cm. X 2-4 cm., the veins impressed above.
13. S. Metcalfiana,
DD. Leaflets few, generally 5-7.
FE. Leaflets more or less pubescent beneath.
F. Leaflets minutely and distinctly stellate-pubescent beneath, unequal in size, the
MMYGINS SIFT Y ONUITE 6c cc seed gneiss dia ened eeneaun 14. S. diversifoliolata.
FF. Leaflets densely or rather coarsely stellate-pubescent beneath, more or less
equal in size, entire or toothed.
G. Flowers sessile, the petals glabrous without; veins not impressed above, the
reticulum beneath usually obscured by the very dense indumentum.
Fa; I WIIG sk ess Sa os bs gon baw aease>s 15. S. Delavayi.
HH, Indumentum brown ................. 15a. S. Delavayi var. ochraceum.
GG. Flowers pedicellate, the petals densely tomentose without; veins impressed
above, the reticulum very prominent beneath, not at all obscured by the
somewhat scattered indumentum ..............0 cece eee eee 16. S. Wardit.
EE, Leaflets glabrous.
F, Petiolules short, mostly 1 cm. long or less, rarely 1.3 cm. long.
17. S. shweliensis.
FF, Petiolules mostly 1.5 cm. or longer.
G. Leaflets narrowly oblong to lanceolate, the lateral nerves 12-20 on each side.
FHT, Leaflets 15-17 cm. X 5-5.5 cm., the lateral nerves 16-22, oblique.
18. S. multinervia.
HH, Leaflets 15-24 cm. X 4-5 cm., the lateral nerves 12-20, ascending.
19. S. dumicola.
GG. Leaflets oblong to oblanceolate, the lateral nerves 8-12 on each side.
Hf. Ueafletsesmall, 15 <7 cm. or less vs.0065 oda dash cre scas dears 20. S. Hoi.
HH, Leaflets large, 30 X 10 cm. ............. 20a. S. Hoi var. macrophylla,
BB. Styles none, the stigmas sessile. (Subsection I]. Heptapleuruwm Harms.)
C. Flowers sessile or subsessile ............ 0000 cceeee cee eeeeeess 2h. S. glomerulata,
CC. Flowers distinctly pedicellate.
D. Leaflets oblong to obovate, broadest above the middle.
E. Leaflets 2-5, very slenderly caudate-acuminate, the acumen up to 2.5 cm. long,
MOPS OL, LESS. TAICATE. 62. dice «wend 5:5 5% aicid wel a was ha Ew ea ce 22. S. tenuts.
EE. Leaflets 5 or more, obtuse to short-acuminate.
F’, Leaflets 5-6, short-acuminate, 5.5 X 3 cm., the petioles short, 5-6 cm. long.
23. S. yunnanensis,
FF, Leaflets 7-9, obtuse to acute, 9 X 4 cm., the petioles long, 12-15 cm.
24. S. arboricola,
DD. Leaflets elliptic to oblong, not broadest above the middle.
E. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, three times as long as broad; a low shrub.
25. S. kwangsiensis.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 17
EE. Leaflets elliptic to oblong, obtuse to acuminate, 114 to 24 times as long as
broad; shrubs or trees.
Fi LRRTOES CPOE i a ce vn ce ohh os) d's A oes Oe anes,
FF, Leaflets 5-7.
G. Fruits ovoid, distinctly 5-angular, the disk conical ..........27. S. venulosa.
GG. Fruits globose, indistinctly 5-angular, the disk depressed-conical.
28. S. khastana.
1. Schefflera chinensis (Dunn) comb. nov. Fig. 1.
Oreopanax chinense Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 500. 1903, op. cit. 39: 471. 1911;
Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924.
A tree, about 10 m. tall, with 6-foliolate leaves, ovate-oblong leaflets, and a
terminal panicle formed of pedunculate globose heads of short pedicellate fruits.
Fig. 1. Schefflera chinensis; 1. leaf, X 14; 2. portion of infructescence, X %4; 3. fruit,
x 3.
18 SARGENTIA [2
Leaves petiolate ; petioles slender, glabrous, terete, about 10-17 cm. long; leaflets
subcoriaceous, petiolulate, glabrous above, sparsely stellate-tomentose beneath,
ovate-oblong, 10-15 cm. or more long, 3.5—-5 cm. or more wide, generally broadest
below the middle, the apex acuminate, the base broad-cuneate to almost rounded,
the margins entire or sparingly serrulate, slightly revolute, the lateral nerves 10-12
on each side, slightly oblique, prominent beneath, the tertiary veins obscure on
both surfaces; petiolules glabrous, 0.5-3 cm. long. Inflorescence in a terminal
panicle, 30 cm. long, densely tomentose, the lateral branches to 15 cm. long, the
flowers subsessile or short-pedicellate, attached to the tip of the peduncle among
a group of small hairy bracteoles, in compact globose heads, the heads 1.4 cm.
across, terminal or few racemosely arranged on the branches, the peduncles 2 cm.
or more long, spreading, the bracts caducous. Calyx densely tomentose, the
margin subentire. Petals 5, densely tomentose outside, glabrous inside. Sta-
mens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, erect, connate below. Fruit subglobose,
angular, 5-celled, sparsely tomentose to glabrous, about 5-6 mm. across, the
pedicels 3-5 mm. long, tomentose, the disk small, 2.5 mm. across, the styles 5,
united halfway below and radiating and reflexed above, the endosperm ruminate.
YuNNAN: Szemao, Henry 12939 (1sotypr, NY, W) ; Shang-pa, H. T. Tsai 59089 (AA).
Dunn describes this as a species of Oreopanax, a genus confined mainly to
tropical America. This plant, together with Schefflera Wangii Li, differs from
other Chinese species of Schefflera in having globose heads of compactly ar-
ranged short-pedicellate fruits. In my judgment, these two species belong to
Schefflera rather than to Oreopanax, in spite of the fact that the endosperm in
both cases is ruminate, as noticed by Dunn for S. chinensis. Though the endo-
sperm of Schefflera is generally considered as uniform, I have found certain other
species, such as S. Bodinieri (Lévl.) Rehder, having slight ruminations. The
endosperm of the two species under discussion is only slightly ruminate.t In
these characters and in general habit, these two species clearly belong to the genus
Sche filera.
Schefflera chinensis and S. Wangii are related to S. cephalota (Clarke) Harms
of India and Malacca, but differ from it in the slender petiolules, the presence
of bracteoles in the heads, and the smaller disks. Henry mentions having col-
lected only small leaves. The specimens at the herbarium of the New York
Botanical Garden, although bearing the same number as those at Kew (photo-
graphs by R. C. Ching in NY), are under different labels and may represent
distinct collections. Dunn states that the leaflets are entire, but I note that most
of them are remotely serrulate, which is also borne out by the photographs of
the Kew specimens taken by Ching. Tsai 59089 is a young flowering specimen
with 2 leaflets measuring 30 X 16 cm. The margins are entire and revolute.
Description of the flower given above is based on this specimen.
2. Schefflera Wangii sp. nov.
Arbor parva, circa 5 m. alta. Foliis 7-foliolatis petiolatis; petiolis gracilibus
glabris teretibus circa 15 cm. longis; foliolis coriaceis petiolulatis, supra glabris,
subtus sparse stellato-tomentosis vel glabris, inferioribus minoribus ovato-ob-
longis, 8 X 3.5 cm., medianis majoribus oblongo-ellipticis, 13 & 6 cm., caeteris
forma magnitudine intermediis, apice acuminatis, basi attenuatis, pro more ultra
medium latioribus, margine integris revolutis, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-10,
adscendentibus, subtus prominentibus, venis tertiariis supra obscuris, subtus
prominentibus ; petiolulis glabris 1-4 cm. longis. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescen-
1Schefflera differs fundamentally from Oreopanax in its flowers being hermaphrodite,
with 5-7 styles, while in Oreopanax the flowers are polygamo-dioecious or rarely polygamo-
monoecious, and the styles in male flowers are one or two only.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 19
tiis fructigeris in racemo axillari subterminali e circa 13 capitulis pedunculatis,
compactis, globosis, fructibus plurimis brevipedicellatis, rhachibus circa 18 cm.
longis, tomentosis vel glabrescentibus, capitulis 1.5-2 cm. crassis, pedunculis
1.3-5 cm. longis patentibus, bractea triangulari basali 5 mm. longa, 1-4 bracteolis
superioribus minoribus fultis. Fructu globoso, obscure pentagono, 5-loculari,
sparse tomentoso vel glabro, circa 5 mm. crasso, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis tomen-
tosis, in apicem pedunculi inter bracteolas parvas pubescentes confluentibus, disco
minimo 1—1.5 mm. crasso, stylis 5, in columnam brevem connatis, supra reflexis,
albumine leviter ruminato.
Yunnan: Shun-ming Hsien, C. W. Wang 71952 (AA); Cheng-kang Hsien, C. W.
Wang 72364 (typr, AA), March 1936.
This species is closely related to S. chinensis (Dunn) Li, which differs from
other Chinese species of the genus in the fruits being arranged in compact heads.
It can be distinguished from the latter by its seven leaflets with entire margins,
more ascending lateral nerves, and tertiary veins conspicuous beneath ; the leaflets
are generally broadest above the middle. Moreover, the heads are smaller and
with fewer fruits, and arranged in subterminal racemes. In the other species,
the heads are arranged in a large terminal panicle with the branches mostly com-
pound. Wang 71952 is similar to the type except that some of the leaflets have
a few deep incisions and are somewhat less pubescent beneath.
3. Schefflera hypoleucoides Harms, Rep. Sp. Nov. 16: 246. 1919; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 186. 1924.
A tree 7-15 m. in height, with 7-foliolate leaves, oblong to lanceolate, acumi-
nate leaflets, and large terminal panicles, the flowers in umbels, singly or race-
mosely arranged on the branches. Leaves long-petiolate, the petioles glabrous
to subglabrous, terete, to 30 cm. long; leaflets unequally petiolulate, subcoriaceous,
shining above, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent beneath, oblong to lanceo-
late, the lower ones small, 8 cm. long, 1.3 cm. wide, the median ones larger, 22
cm. long, 8.5 cm. wide, the others intermediate, the apex acuminate, the base at-
tenuate, the margins entire, sometimes lobed or remotely dentate on younger trees,
the midrib and nerves distinct above, projecting beneath, the nerves 10-16 on
each side, the veins reticulate, distinct above, the petiolules glabrous to sub-
glabrous, the lower ones 0.5 cm. long, the median ones 5 cm. long, the others
intermediate. Inflorescence a large terminal panicle, tomentose when young, the
primary branches tomentose to subglabrous, 15-30 cm. long, the flowers in umbels
singly -or racemosely arranged on the branches, the peduncles puberulent to
glabrescent, 2-5 cm. long, with a bracteole 5-7 mm. long at the base and one or
two 2-3 mm. long in the middle, often bearing abortive buds or occasionally a
flower in the axils; umbels many-flowered, 2—2.5 cm. in diameter, the pedicels
puberulent, 3-5 mm. long, with small bracteoles at the base. Calyx tomentose,
the margin entire to subentire. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, incurved at apex,
about 3 mm. long, puberulent, often cohering into a calyptra. Stamens 5, the
filaments 5 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles 5, connate at the
base. Fruits (immature) ovoid, subglabrescent, 4 mm. long, the disk 1-1.5 mm.
across, the 5 styles connate at the base into a short erect column, their tips
radiating and strongly reflexed.
Yunnan: No precise locality, Forrest 9790 (NY); Mengtze, Henry 11435 (AA, NY);
Yuanching, Henry 13301 (AA); Tsing-pian, H. T. Tsai 52466 (AA); Wen-shan Hsien,
H. T. Tsai 51505 (AA), 51538A (AA).
A species characterized by the 5 styles connate at the base, with the tips radiat-
ing and strongly reflexed, especially in the fruits. It is easily distinguished by
this character from Schefflera hypoleuca (Kurz) Harms, which it resembles
20 SARGENTIA [2
closely in general appearance. Forrest 9790 has the leaflets more densely pubes-
cent than the other specimens cited.
4. Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 38.
1894; Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1178. f. 139. no. 5, 6, 7. 1923; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 5: 139. 1927; McClure,
Lingnan Univ. Sei. Bull. 3: 30. 1931; Merr. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 24(2): 291. 1935.
Aralia octophylla Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 187. 1790, ed. Willd. 233. 1793; DC. Prodr. 4: 258.
1830.
Paratropia cantoniensis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 189. 1841; Walp. Rep. 2: 433.
1843; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 136. 1861.
Agalma octophyllum Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 298. 1864, Revis. Heder. 24. 1868.
Heptapleurum octophyllum Benth. ex Hance, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 105. 1873; Forbes
& Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 342. 1888; Dunn & Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10:
119. 1912.
A tree or shrub, with 6—8-foliolate leaves, the leaflets elliptic, acute or short-
acuminate, and with large terminal panicles, the flowers in umbels, racemosely
arranged on the lateral branches. Leaves generally 6—8-foliolate, long-petiolate ;
petioles at first finely pubescent, soon glabrous, 8-25 cm. long; leaflets unequally
petiolulate, coriaceous, finely stellate-puberulent on both surfaces, soon glabrous,
elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 7-17 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, the apex acute or short-
acuminate, the base attenuate or nearly rounded, the margins entire, the lateral
nerves about 8 on each side, not prominent above, slightly projecting beneath ;
petiolules glabrous, the lateral ones 1.5—2.5 cm. long, the median ones 3—5 cm.
long, the others intermediate. Inflorescence in large terminal panicles, 25 cm.
long, the flowers in racemosely arranged umbels on the primary branches, the
bracts triangular, small, about 2-3 mm. long, the peduncles about 1 cm. long,
with a small bracteole at base and one or two near the middle, the umbels many-
flowered, 1-2 cm. in diameter, the pedicels 3-5 mm. long, with a small bracteole
at the base, the flowers small, white, fragrant. Calyx pubescent, 5—6-dentate.
Petals 5, fleshy, 2-3 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments slightly longer than
the petals. Ovary 5—8-celled, the disk flat, the styles united into a very short but
distinct column, the stigmas indistinct. Fruits globose, 3-4 mm. across, the disk
at top 2 mm. across, the calyx-margin persistent, the style-column very short, less
than 1 mm. long, the stigmas capitate.
CHEKIANG: Southern Yentang, Nan-Hoo, H. H. Hu 185 (AA, LU).
Fuxien: Amoy, Henry 22714 (AA), Hinghwa District, H. H. Chung 1004 (AA);
Changchow, White Cloud Hill, H. H. Chung 1135 (AA); Foochow, Kushan, H. H. Chung
1289 (AA); Kushan, A Ieng, near Kushan Monastery, Tang Siu Ging 6831 (AA) ;. Amoy,
H. H. Chung 5275 (LU); Foochow University and vicinity, Tang Siu Ging 6967 (LU),
13008 (LU); Kushan Monastery, Tang Siu Ging 13105 (LU); Ing-hok, Huong-guong
Nang, Tang Siu Ging 13270 (LU); In Hok, Fung Huang Se, L. Chen 68 (LU).
Yunnan: Tamsui, Henry 1735 (NY); Szemao, Henry 12801 (AA); Che-li Hsien,
C. W. Wang 8649 (AA); Che-li Hsien, Sheau-meng-yang, C. W. Wang 79622 (AA);
Meng-him, Jenn-yeh Hsien, C. W. Wang 79954 (AA), 80111 (AA), 80365 (AA), 80751
(AA).
Kwancsi: South of Nanning, Shih Wan Tai Shan, Rk. C. Ching 8234 (AA, W):;
Wuchow, Tang Uk Shan, Tang Siu Pan & Fung Hom 27 = LU19147 (LU, NY); Yung
Hsien, Ta Tze Tseun, Steward & Cheo 1086 (AA); Wuchow, C. C. Wang 308 (LU);
Chien Pien District, S. P. Ko 55814 (AA).
KwANcTtuNG: Hongkong, Wight s. n. (W), 101 (W), 179 (G), 287 (W); Hongkong
Bot. Garden, C. S. Sargent s.n. (AA); Hongkong, C. S. Sargent s.n. (AA), Otto Kuntze
3573 (NY), C. Ford s.n. (NY); Tung Wu Mt., Levine & Groff CCC117 (AA); Canton,
C. O. Levine CCC262 (AA, G, W), CCC1684 (AA, G, W) ; no precise locality, C. O. Levine
CCC3400 (AA, G, W); Tung Lu Ping, W. Y. Chun 6100 (AA); no precise locality, W. Y.
Chun 5204 (AA); Lantau Island, Taai Ae Shann, W. T. Tsang LU16588 (AA); Hwang
Tso Kong, Y. Tsiang 166 (AA); Ting Wu Shan, Y. Tstang 1555 (AA); Lokchong Hsien,
route to Siekun, Y. Tsiang 1449 (AA); Sunyi, Sick Toun, C. W. Wang 31907 (AA); Yung-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 21
yun City, S. K. Lau 627 (AA, NY); Wung-Yeun District, Tsin Wen Shan, Wong Chuck Ts
S. K. Lau 2262 (AA) ; Tung-koon District, Lin Fa Shan, S. K. Lau 20011 (NY); Kun Dzu,
Tse Kung, C. L. Tso 21478 (NY).
Hainan: No precise locality, W. Y. Chun UN5903 (W); Ou Yan, F. A. McClure
7894 (AA); Taam-chan District, Sha Po Shan, W. T. Tsang 768 = LU16267 (AA, NY,
W), 808 = LU16307 (LU, NY, W); Wai-yeung District, Kan Lung Fung, W. T. Tsang
20057 (AA, NY); Fan Yah, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44020 (AA, NY); Pak Shik Ling,
Ku Tung Village, Ching Mai Village, C. J. Lei 221 (AA, NY, W), 357 (AA, NY, W): no
precise locality, fF. C. How & N. K. Chun 70103 (AA, NY, W), C. Wang 34558 (NY),
34608 (NY), 55127 (NY), H. Y. Liang 63484 (AA, NY), 63683 (NY, W), 64336 (AA,
NY); Chang-kiang District, Ue Lung Shan, S. K. Lau 3216 (AA); Lekwei, S. K. Lau
28381 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: From Indo-China to Formosa and the Liukiu Archipelago.
The leaves of this species are sometimes very variable. The ovary is generally
5-celled, but variations between 6-8 cells are not infrequent. The styles are
united into a very short but distinct column. Occasionally a few flowers are
developed on the peduncles under the umbels and the umbels imperfectly formed,
illustrating the transition from a racemose arrangement to an umbellate one.
5. Schefflera Bodinieri (Lévl.) Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 11: 166. 1930, 15: 114. 1934.
Hleptapleurum Bodinieri Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 144. 1914; Fl. Kouy-Tchéou
35. 1914.
A shrub, with 7-9-foliolate leaves, the leaflets membranaceous, linear-lanceolate,
remotely serrulate, and with small terminal panicles, the flowers in umbels, race-
mosely arranged on the branches. Branches mealy-puberulent at first, soon gla-
brescent. Leaves generally 7—9-foliolate, sometimes 5-6-foliolate, long-petio-
late ; petioles slender, terete, glabrous, 8-15 cm. long; leaflets unequally petiolu-
late, membranaceous, dark green above, glaucous beneath, sparingly mealy-puberu-
lent at first, soon glabrescent, the lower ones ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-7
cm. long, 1-1.6 cm. wide, the median ones linear-lanceolate, 10-16 cm. long, 1-2.5
cm. wide, the others intermediate, the apex long-acuminate, the base broadly
cuneate to rounded, the margins remotely 1—-8-dentate on each side, rarely entire,
the midrib prominent above, projecting below, the lateral nerves 8-16 on each
side, obsolete ; petiolules glabrous, the lateral ones short, 1-2 mm. long, the median
ones 1.5-5 cm. long, the others intermediate. Inflorescences in terminal panicles,
7-15 cm. long, mealy-puberulent, the flowers in racemosely arranged umbels on
the primary branches, the peduncles about 1-2 cm. long, bibracteolate, the brac-
teoles short, often inserted below the middle of the peduncle and often with
abortive buds in the axils, the umbels many-flowered, about 2 cm. in diameter,
the pedicels 2-5 mm. long. Calyx puberulent, 5-dentate. Petals 5, oblong-
ovate, 3-3.5 mm. long, acute, reflexed, sparsely mealy without. Stamens 5, the
hlaments slightly longer than the petals. Ovary 5-ceiled, the disk annular, thick,
the styles connate into a column, 1-2 mm. long, the stigmas indistinct. Fruits
red, 5-celled, globose, slightly 5-angular, 5-6 mm. across, the disk at top thick,
2.5 mm. across, the calyx-teeth persistent, the style-column 2-3 mm, long, the
stigmas capitate, the endosperm slightly ruminate.
SzECHUAN: Nanchuan Hsien, W. P. Fang 5740 (AA).
KwertcHow: Long-ly, J. Cavalerie 1578 (AA); District of Tsin-gay, valley of Kia-la-
tchang, J. Laborde in herb. Bodinier 2459 (SYNTYPE, merotype in AA); Kiangchow, Y.
Tsiang 7503 (NY); Ta-ho-yen, Fan Ching Shan, Steward, Chiao, & Cheo 725 (AA, NY);
758 (AA, NY).
Kwancsrt: Lin-yuin Hsien, Loh Hoh Tseun, Loa Shan-loa-ling, Steward & Cheo 11
(AA, NY).
This species is easily distinguished from its allies by its small, narrowly linear-
lanceolate, remotely serrulate, membranaceous leaflets, and its small inflorescence.
It is to be noted that the endosperm is slightly ruminate.
22 SARGENTIA [2
6. Schefflera macrophylla (Dunn) Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 9: 330. 1909; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186, 1924.
Heptapleurum macrophyllum Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 499. 1903; W. W. Smith,
Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 297, 331. 1930.
A tree, 5-10 m. tall, with large 7-foliolate leaves, ovate-oblong, short-acuminate
leaflets, and large terminal panicles, the flowers in racemosely arranged umbels,
on the branches. Leaves very large, generally 7-foliolate, long-petiolate ; leaflets
long-petiolulate, coriaceous, glabrous above, white-tomentose beneath, ovate-
oblong, 20-55 cm. long, 8-25 cm. wide, the apex short-acuminate, the base round
to cordate, the margins slightly revolute, entire to obscurely serrate, the midrib
projecting on both surfaces, the lateral nerves 8-12 on each side; petiolules
glabrous, 5-17 cm. long. Inflorescence a large terminal panicle to 50 cm. long,
densely ferruginous-tomentose ; flowers in umbels, these racemosely arranged on
the primary branches, the branches to 22 cm. long, with large bracts at the base
1.5 cm. long, the peduncles 2 cm. long, with triangular bracteoles at the base 0.5
cm. long, the umbels many-flowered, 1.5 cm. in diameter, the pedicels 2-3 mm.
long, the flowers small. Calyx pubescent, 5-dentate. Petals 5, pubescent with-
out, glabrous within, 2 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments about the same
length as the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles connate into a
column, about 0.5 mm. long.
YuNNAN: Szemao, Henry 13409 (1sotype, AA, W), 13409A (NY); no precise locality,
Forrest 27186 (AA); Shang-pa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 56628 (AA).
A species characterized by its large leaves and the large ferruginous-tomentose
inflorescences.
7. Schefflera impressa (C. B. Clarke) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
3(8): 38. 1894; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924.
Hedera tomentosa Ham. in D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 187. 1825; DC. Prodr. 4: 264. 1830;
non Schefflera tomentosa (Seem.) Harms. ;
Panax tomentosum Wall. in DC. Prodr. 4: 254. 1830.
Agalma tomentosum Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 298. 1864, Revis. Heder. 25. 1868.
Heptapleurum impressum C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 728. 1879; Dunn, Jour.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 454. 1911; Dunn & Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 119. 1912.
A tree to 20 m. tall, with 7-foliolate leaves, short-petiolulate, lanceolate to
oblanceolate leaflets, and large terminal panicles with the flowers in racemosely
arranged umbels on the lateral branches. Leaves generally 7-foliolate, sometimes
5-foliolate, long-petiolate, the petioles slender, terete, puberulent to glabrescent,
15-50 cm. long; leaflets equally short-petiolulate, coriaceous, glabrous or rugose
above, stellate-pubescent beneath, soon glabrescent to glaucous, lanceolate to ob-
lanceolate, more or less equal, 12-20 cm. long, 3—5 cm. wide, the apex acuminate,
the base broadly attenuate, the margins entire, sometime distantly lobed or serrate
on young trees, the midrib and nerves projecting beneath, the nerves 8-12 on
each side, the veins reticulate and impressed above; petiolules 1-2.5 cm. long,
puberulent to glabrescent. Inflorescence in large terminal panicles, 30-40 cm.
long, stellate-tomentose, the lower branches to 20 cm. long, the bracts 5 mm. long ;
flowers in umbels, racemosely arranged on the primary branches ; peduncles 2.5-4
cm. long, the bracteoles triangular, 2 mm. long, the umbels many-flowered, 1.5-3
cm. in diameter, the pedicels 6-8 mm. long, with small bracteoles at base. Calyx
densely pubescent, 5-dentate. Petals 5, pubescent without, 3 mm. long. Stamens
5, the filaments 4 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles 5, connate
into a column, the stigmas indistinct. Fruit globose, 4-5 mm. across, 5-angled,
5-celled, the disk 2 mm. across, conical, gradually merging into the style-column,
1.5-2 mm. long, the stigmas subcapitate.
Yunnan: Between Tengyueh and the Burmese border, en route to Sadon, J. PF. Rock
7411 (AA, NY, W); Shweli River drainage basin to summit of Shweli-Salween watershed
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 23
east of Tengyueh, J. F. Rock 7632 (AA, W); Shang-pa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54478 (AA);
Che-tse-lo, H. T. Tsai 54121 (AA), 58363 (AA); Taron-Taru divide, Valley of Bucahwang,
T. T. Yu 20118 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Himalayan region. .
The Chinese specimens agree well with the available Indian material except that
the leaflets are generally sparsely pubescent to glabrescent and sometimes glaucous
beneath. As a group, the Chinese plants may deserve varietal standing to sep-
arate them from the Indian ones. More material is needed for this decision.
8. Schefflera producta (Dunn) Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 9: 351. 1909.
Heptapleurum productum Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 499. 1903.
A shrub, 1.5-3 m. high, with 5—11-foliolate leaves, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, glabrous, and with a terminal paniculate inflorescence formed by
umbels. Leaves 5—11(generally 7—9)-foliolate, long-petiolate; petioles terete,
glabrous, 20 cm. long; leaflets petiolulate, chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces,
ovate-lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, the lower ones slightly smaller than
the median ones, the apex long-acuminate, the base broadly acute to rounded, the
margins sparsely serrate, revolute, the lateral nerves 6-10 on each side, distinct
above, projecting beneath, the tertiary veins slightly impressed above; petiolules
1.5-3.5 cm. long, the median ones slightly longer than the lateral ones. Inflores-
cence a panicle, white- or ferruginous-tomentose to glabrescent, the flowers in
umbels, racemosely arranged; umbels many-flowered, 3 cm. in diameter; pedun-
cles 2-3.5 cm. long, tomentose. Calyx densely tomentose, the margin 5-dentate.
Petals 5, 3 mm. long, slightly tomentose outside, glabrous inside. Stamens 5,
the filaments 3 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles connate into a
short column, 1.5 mm. long.
YuNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 9530 (1sotypr, NY), 11382 (NY p.p.).
KweicHow: Langtse, Y. Tsiang 9519 (NY).
Tsiang 9519 from Kweichow is identical with Dunn’s Yunnan type except for
the indumentum on the inflorescence, which is white in the former and ferru-
ginous in the latter. See also notes under S. hypoleuca Harms. S. producta
Viguier is very similar in appearance to some species of Brassaiopsis. Some of
the ovaries are 3-celled. Apparently this species represents a link between these
two closely related genera.
9. Schefflera elata (Ham.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 38. 1894;
Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186, 1924.
Hedera elata Ham. in D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 187. 1825; DC. Prodr. 4: 264. 1830.
Agalma elatum Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 298. 1864, Revis. Heder. 25. 1868.
Heptapleurum elatum C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 728. 1879; Dunn, Jour.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 454. 1911.
A tree 10-13 m. tall, with generally 5—7-foliolate leaves, the leaflets elliptic-
oblong, glabrous, entire, long-petiolate, and with a terminal paniculate inflores-
cence formed by umbels. Petioles terete, glabrous, about 15 cm. long; leaflets
petiolulate, more or less coriaceous, glabrous above, very slightly tomentose to
glaucous beneath, elliptic-oblong, 10-18 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide, the apex acute,
the base rounded to acute, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 6-8 on each side,
subconspicuous above, slightly projecting beneath, the tertiary nerves inconspicu-
ous on both surfaces; petiolules more or less equal, 2-3.5 cm. long, glabrous.
Inflorescence in terminal panicles, 30-40 cm. long, slightly tomentose to glabres-
cent, the lower branches usually compound, the flowers in racemosely arranged
umbels, the umbels about 12—15-flowered, 2 cm. in diameter, the bracts ovate, 5
mm. long, the peduncles 1.5—2 cm. long, slightly tomentose, the pedicels 5-7 mm.
long, slightly tomentose. Calyx nearly glabrous, the margin slightly 5-dentate.
Petals 5, 2 mm. long, glabrous on both surfaces. Stamens 5, the filaments about
24 SARGENTIA |2
2mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles connate into a short column.
Fruit globose, 4-5 mm. across, the style-column very short, about 1 mm. long.
YunNAN: No precise locality, Henry 13474 (NY); Kiukiang Valley, Taron, T. T. Yui
19477 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION : India.
This species is very near to S. ypoleuca Harms, from which it may be distin-
guished by the smaller and narrower leaflets which are glabrous beneath, as well
as by the nearly glabrous calyx and the glabrous petals.
10. Schefflera minutistellata Merrill in herb. sp. nov.
Frutex 1-13 m. altus. Foliis 7-17-foliolatis longe petiolatis ; petiolis gracilibus
teretibus glabris 15-40 cm. longis ; foliolis petiolatis coriaceis, supra glabris, subtus
minute stellato-tomentosis, oblongo-lanceolatis, 10-18 cm. longis, 2.5-6.5 cm.
latis, inferioribus minoribus, medianis majoribus, apice acuminatis, basi rotun-
datis vel acutis, marginibus integris, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12, venis ter-
tiariis inconspicuis, supra vix impressis; petiolulis 1.5-9 cm. longis, exterioribus
brevioribus, medianis longioribus. Inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis, 30-40
cm. longis, ramulis inferioribus plus minusve compositis, floribus umbellatis, um-
bellis in ramis ultimis racemose dispositis, pedunculis 2—3.5 cm. longis, umbellis
plurifloris 2 cm. latis; pedicellis 6 mm. longis pubescentibus, bracteis minimis ad
basim fultis. Calyce stellato-pubescente 5-dentato. Petalis 5 utrinque glabris
2-3 mm. longis. Staminibus 5, filamentis 3-4 mm. longis. Ovario 5-loculari,
disco plano, stylis in columnam brevem connatis, stigmatibus obscuris. Fructu
globoso vel ovoideo, 3 mm. longo, 4 mm. crasso, disco crasso et lato, stylo 2 mm.
longo, stigmatibus capitatis.
YUNNAN: Between Tengyueh and the Burmese border, en route to Sadon, J. /’. Rock
7278 (AA, NY, W); Chiu-pei Hsien, H. T. Tsai 51443 (AA); Mienning, Poshan, T. T. Vii
17960 (AA).
Kweicuow: Chenfeng, Y. Tsiang 4286 (NY); Tuhshan, Y. Tsiang 6957 (NY).
Kwanctunc: Lokchong, O-Hang, S. P. Ko 51164 (typr, AA), Jan. 21, 1931; Foh-chang
District, Chong Uen Shan near Kan Fung, W. T. Tsang 20740 (AA, NY).
Kwancsi: Yeo Mar Shan, North of Hin Yen, R. C. Ching 7123 (LU, NY); Kwei-lin
District, Chi-fen Shan, Hsi-chang Village and vicinity, W. T. Tsang 28503 (AA).
This species can be distinguished from its allies with umbellate flowers by its
more or less unequal, oblong-lanceolate leaflets, which are minutely stellate-
tomentose beneath.
11. Schefflera hypoleuca (Kurz) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 38.
1894.
Heptapleurum hypoleucum Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 1: 539. 1877; Dunn, Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 39: 454. 1911.
A small tree about 5—10 m. tall, with generally 7-foliolate leaves, the leaflets
oblong or ovate, unevenly petiolulate, generally glaucous beneath, and with a
terminal paniculate inflorescence formed by umbels. Leaves long-petiolate ; pe-
tioles slender, terete, glabrous, about 30 cm. long; leaflets petiolulate, coriaceous,
glabrous above, loosely stellate-tomentose or glaucous beneath, ovate or oblong,
12-20 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, the lower ones smaller than the median ones, the
apex acute, the base rounded, the margins entire to serrate or lobed, the lateral
nerves 8-12 on each side, distinct above, projecting beneath, the tertiary nerves
subconspicuous above ; petiolules 1-8 cm. long, the median ones long, the outer
ones short. Inflorescence in terminal large panicles, 30-40 cm. long, the lower
branches often compound, stellate-tomentose to glabrescent, the flowers in race-
mosely arranged umbels, the umbels many-flowered, 3—3.5 cm. in diameter ; pedun-
cles 2-5 cm. long, stellate-tomentose, the bracteoles triangular, 2-3 mm. long ;
pedicels slender, tomentose, 1-1.4 cm. long. Calyx densely stellate-tomentose,
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 25
the margin 5-dentate. Petals 5, 2-3 mm. long, slightly stellate-tomentose out-
side, glabrous inside. Stamens 5, the filaments 3 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the
disk flat, the styles connate into a short column, the stigmas indistinct.
YuNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 9564 (NY, W), 11382 (NY, p.p., W), 11840 (W).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India and Burma.
A photograph of Henry 9564A in the Kew Herbarium (by R. C. Ching, in
NY) is labeled Heptapleurum hypoleucum Kurz var. hypochlorum Dunn. A
sterile specimen bearing the same number in the herbarium of the Arnold Ar-
boretum consists of the leaves of Brassaiopsis glomerulata Regel.
12. Schefflera hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 295. t. 67. 1935.
A subglabrous tree about 10 m. tall, with 16-foliolate leaves, the leaflets long-
petiolulate, ovate, acuminate, and with terminal paniculate inflorescence, the
flowers racemosely arranged on the branches. Leaves long-petiolate; petioles
terete, glabrous, up to 40 cm. long; leaflets long-petiolulate, chartaceous to sub-
coriaceous, glabrous, olive-green above, glaucous beneath, variable in shape,
mostly ovate to oblong-ovate, 8-15 cm. long, 2-8 cm. wide, the apex acuminate,
the base broad-cuneate, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 7-10 on each side,
distinct on both surfaces, the veins reticulate and prominent especially above ;
petiolules 2-7 cm. long, slightly furfuraceous when young. Inflorescence in ter-
minal panicles about 30 cm. long, densely pubescent especially when young, the
flowers racemosely arranged on the primary branches, the branches to 9 cm. long,
the bracts triangular, 0.5-1 cm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long. Calyx pubescent,
indistinctly 5-dentate. Petals 5, thin, glabrous on both surfaces, 2 mm. long.
Stamens 5, the filaments slightly longer than the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk
flat. the 5 styles connate into a short column, 0.5 mm. long, the stigmas indistinct.
Fruit ovoid, 5-angular, 5-celled, glabrous, 3 mm. long, the style-column ‘1 mm.
long, the stigmas capitate.
YUNNAN: Ping-pien Hsien, H. T. Tsai 62779 (AA) (a juvenile specimen).
Hainan: Fan Yah, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 4427 (no.otype, NY, isotype, AA, W).
A species characterized by its long-petiolate, multifoliolate leaves and the prom-
inently acuminate leaflets, which are glabrous on both surfaces and glaucous
beneath.
13. Schefflera Metcalfiana Merr. in herb. sp. nov. Fig. 2.
Arbuscula vel frutex, 3-5 m. altus, ramulis novellis stellato-pubescentibus.
Foliis plurifoliolatis, foliolis 12-15, interdum paucioribus, longe petiolatis ; petiolis
gracilibus teretibus glabris 12-13 cm. longis; foliolis longe petiolulatis chartaceis
glabris, supra nitentibus, subtus glaucescentibus, ovatis vel ovato-ellipticis, 4-10
cm. longis, 2-4.5 cm. latis, apice acuminatis, basi late cuneatis, margine integris
vel remote denticulatis, revolutis, costa supra subprominente, subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7, supra paulo impressis, subtus prominentibus,
venis reticulatis supra subimpressis; petiolulis glabris 1-5 cm. longis. Inflores-
centlis in paniculis magnis terminalibus, minute stellato-puberulis, ad 45 cm.
longis, floribus racemosis compacte secus ramulos laterales dispositis, ramulis
5-6 cm. longis, bracteis triangularibus acutis 3 mm. longis; floribus parvis albis,
pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis. Calyce dense pubescente, 5-dentato. Petalis 5 tenui-
bus utrinque glabris 2 mm. longis. Staminibus 5, filamentis quam petalis sub-
longioribus vel petala aequantibus. Ovario 5-loculari, disco plano, stylis in
columnam brevem connatis 0.5 mm. longis. Fructu ignoto.
Kwancsi: South of Nanning, Shih Wan Tai Shan, R. C. Ching 8350 (AA, NY, G);
Shang-sze District, Shih Wan Tai Shan, Tang Lung Village, W. T. Tsang 24465 (tyre,
AA, NY), Oct. 1-16, 1934, 24428 (AA, NY), 24518 (AA).
This species resembles Schefflera hainanensis Merr. & Chun in the many and
slender petiolulate leaflets and the racemosely arranged flowers. It may be read-
26 SARGENTIA [2
Fig. 2. Schefflera Metcalfiana; 1. leaf, X %; 2. portion of inflorescence, X 1%; 3.
flower, X 3.
ily distinguished from the latter by its shrubby habit, the much smaller size of
the leaflets, the shorter petioles, and the impressed veins. It is named in honor
of Prof. F. P. Metcalf of Lingnan University, China.
14. Schefflera diversifoliolata sp. nov. Fig. 3.
Arbor 7 m. alta. Foliis 7-foliolatis petiolatis; petiolis teretibus glabris 22 cm.
vel ultra longis; foliolis petiolulatis chartaceis, supra glabris, subtus minutissime
stellato-tomentosis vel glabris, glaucis, oblongo-ellipticis, magnitudine valde vari-
abilis, infimis minimis, 7 * 3 cm., medianis magnis, 17 & 10 cm., ceteris magni-
tudine intermediis, apice acuminatis, basi rotundatis, margine integris, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 8-15, valde obliquis, supra subconspicuis, subtus prominenti-
bus, venis tertiariis supra inconspicuis, subtus subconspicuis, petiolulis valde in-
aequalibus, infimis 0.5—2 cm. longis, medianis 6—6.5 cm. longis, ceteris longitudine
intermediis, glabris. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescentiis paniculatis, fructigeris
glabrescentibus, ramulis lateralibus 20 cm. longis, fructibus racemose dispositis,
pedicellis 3 mm. longis, bracteolis triangularibus 1-2 mm. longis. Fructu globoso
4 mm. longo 5-sulcato, disco apice 2 mm. lato, stylo 1.5 mm. longo, stigmatibus
perspicuis capitatis.
Yunnan: Tsing-pian, H. T. Tsai 52450 (typz, AA), Dec. 21, 1932.
A species characterized by the very unequal leaflets, minutely stellate-tomen-
tose beneath, with very oblique lateral nerves, and the petiolules very variable in
length. It resembles Schefflera minutistellata Merr. in general appearance and
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 27
in the minute stellate tomentum of the leaves, but may be distinguished from the
latter by the diverse leaflets and the variable petiolules, and more especially by its
racemosely instead of umbellately arranged flowers.
/ Fs
Fig. 3. Scheffiera diversifoliolata; 1. leaf, X 4%; 2. portion of infructescence,X 14; 3.
fruit, X 4; 4. diagrammatic cross-section of fruit, X 4.
15. Schefflera Delavayi (Franch.) Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 486. 1900; Harms and Rehder
in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 555. 1916; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924; W.
W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 109, 172, 180, 357, 382. 1929-30; Metcalf,
Jour. Arn. Arb. 12: 271. 1931; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 690. 1933; Rehder, Jour.
Arn, Arb, 15: 113. 1934.
Heptapleurum Delavayi Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 307. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim. 27. 1897;
Lévl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915.
Schefiiera megalobotrya Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 486. 1900; Chung, Mem. Sci.
Soc. China 1: 186. 1924.
Heptapleurum Dunnianum Lévl. Rep. Sp. Nov. 11: 295. 1912, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 35. 1914.
28 SARGENTIA [2
A tree, 5-8 m. in height, with generally 4-7-foliolate leaves and acuminate
ovate-lanceolate leaflets, these densely white-tomentose beneath and subentire to
distantly dentate or lobed; flowers sessile, densely arranged on the many lateral
tomentose branches of the terminal inflorescence. Petioles terete, tomentose,
soon glabrescent, 12-25 cm. long or more; leaflets petiolulate, coriaceous, glabrous
and dark green above, densely white-tomentose beneath, unequal, ovate-lanceolate,
12-24 cm. long, 5—12 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base obtuse, the margins
subentire to distantly and irregularly dentate or lobed, the lateral nerves 7-13 on
each side; petiolules 1-9 cm. long, tomentose. Inflorescence terminal, formed by
spike-like densely tomentose branches, the axis soon glabrescent, 30-40 cm. long,
the branches 10-15 cm. long, crowded on the axis, the bracts short, ovate, acumi-
nate, 5 mm. long; flowers sessile, crowded on the branches, the bracteoles short,
triangular. Calyx tomentose, distinctly 5-dentate, the teeth subhyaline, triangu-
lar, acute to mucronate. Petals 5, thin, glabrous on both surfaces, 2 mm. long.
Stamens 5, the filaments slightly longer than the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk
flat, the styles united into a single column, the stigmas indistinct. Fruits numer-
ous, globose, glabrescent, 4-5 mm. across, short-pedicellate, the pedicels about 1
mm. long, the disk 3 mm. across, the style-column 2 mm. long, the stigmas capitate.
WEsTERN CHINA: No precise locality, Wilson 3691 (AA).
Hunan: Wukang, Mt. Yun-shan, Handel-Mazzetti 2542 (AA); Chang-ning Hsien,
Yang Shan, C. S. Fan & Y. Y. Li 286 (AA); Sinning Hsien, Ma-ling-tung, Fan & Li 681
(AA).
Hupeuw: Enshih Hsien, H. C. Chow 1956 (AA, NY).
SzeEcHUAN: Kuan Hsien, Wilson 4559 (AA); Omei Hsien, Mt. Omei, W. P. Fang 3241
(AA); Nanchuan Hsien, W. P. Fang 5713 (AA, NY); Lo-shan Hsien, . P. Wang 23645
(AA); Kuan-hsien, Y. S. Liu 1864 (AA).
YUNNAN: No precise locality, Forrest 9308 (AA), 11775 (AA), C. Schneider 4054
(G); Mengtze, Henry 9214 (AA, NY), 9214B (AA, NY, W); between Tengyueh and
Lungling, /. F. Rock 7096 (AA, NY, W); Shweli River drainage basin to summit of Shweli-
Salween watershed east of Tengyueh, J. Ff. Rock 7586 (AA); Wan-shan Hsien, H. T. Tsai
51489 (AA); Shangpa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54526 (AA), 54969 (AA); Dzung-duei, Champu-
tong, C. W. Wang 66826 (AA); Mienning, Montungshan, 7. T. Yii 17809 (AA); North-
western Likiang, Mu-kwa-ze on the Yangtze, R. C. Ching 21563 (AA); South of Chungtien,
Chiao-tou on the Yangtze, K. M. Feng 3086 (AA).
Kweicuow: Sanhoa, Y. Tsiang 6455 (NY); Fan Ching Shan, Steward, Chiao and Cheo
776 (AA, NY, W).
A species characterized by the thick coriaceous leaflets, which are densely
tomentose beneath, and the sessile flowers crowded on the racemosely arranged
branches of the inflorescence. The leaflets are very variable in size and form,
and are not infrequently distinctly lobed and dentate.
15a. Schefflera Delavayi var. ochrascens Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-
Nat. KI. 61: 120. 1924, Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933; Metcalf, Jour. Arn. Arb. 12: 271.
1931.
Schefilera discolor Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 7: 318. 1929.
Differs from the typical form in having brown tomentum.
KiancGsi: Lungnan District, Oo Chi Shan, near Lam Uk Village, S. K. Lau 4847 (AA,
W).
KWwaAnGtuNnG: Cha Uen Shan, Hoh Pa Tsz, PF. A. McClure LU13773 (isotype of S. dis-
color Merr., AA, LU, NY); Bei Shan, W. Y. Chun 5672 (AA); Lochang Hsien, Hwan-kun,
near Jui-feng, Y. Tsiang 1335 (AA); Lochang Hsien, Chong Uen Shan, near Kau Fung,
W. T. Tsang 20619 (AA), 20699 (NY, W).
YuNNAN: North of Yunnanfu near Schin Lung, C. Schneider 314 (AA); inter vicos
Dsaodjidjing et Hwahung ad or. fluminis Dsolin-ho, Handel-Maszzetti 4994 (1sotypE, AA),
Sept. 8, 1914.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 29
16. Schefflera Wardii Marquand & Shaw, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 48: 186. 1929.
A shrub 2-3 m. tall, with large 3—5-foliolate leaves, the leaflets ovate-oblong,
remotely serrate and tomentose beneath, and with a large tomentose panicle, the
flowers racemosely arranged on the lateral branches. Leaves long-petiolate ;
petioles terete, tomentose to glabrescent, 50 cm. long ; leaflets coriaceous, glabrous
above, densely stellate-tomentose beneath (tomentum light brown), ovate-oblong,
20-35 cm. long, 10-15 cm. wide, the apex broadly acuminate, the base rounded,
the margins remotely serrate toward the upper part, the lateral nerves 10-14 on
each side, the nerves and tertiary veins impressed above, projecting beneath ;
petiolules 3-17 cm. long, tomentose to glabrescent. Inflorescence a large panicle,
densely white-tomentose, the flowers small, racemosely arranged on the lateral
branches, the branches to 18 cm. long, tomentose, the bracts ovate-oblong, acute,
1.3 cm. long; pedicels 3 mm. long, slender, tomentose, the bracteoles triangular,
2 mm. or less long. Calyx densely tomentose, distinctly 5-dentate. Petals 5,
densely tomentose without, glabrous within, 1.5-2 mm. long. Stamens 5, the
filaments shorter than the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles connate
into a column. Fruits unknown.
YUNNAN: Salwin-Kiukiang Divide, Muchielung, 7. T. Yii 21034 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Tibet.
A very distinct species, related to S. Delavayi (Franch.) Harms in the dense
tomentum on the lower surface of the leaves and on the inflorescence, but differing
by the serrate leaflets, with the veins impressed above, the pedicellate flowers,
and the densely tomentose petals.
17. Schefflera shweliensis W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 65. 1917, 17: 173,
283. 1930.
A shrub 3-10 m. tall, with 7—11-foliolate leaves, oblanceolate long-acuminate
leaflets, and large terminal panicles, with the flowers racemosely arranged on the
branches. Leaves 7—11-foliolate, sometimes fewer, petiolate; petioles terete,
glabrous, to 24 cm. long; leaflets very short-petiolulate, coriaceous, glabrous, dark
green above, pale beneath, narrowly oblanceolate, to 15 cm. long and 4 cm. wide,
the apex long-acuminate, the base narrowly cuneate, the margins entire, the
lateral nerves 7-9 on both sides, hardly conspicuous, the tertiary veins obscure ;
petiolules glabrous, scarcely over 1 cm. long. Inflorescence terminal, about 20-
40 cm. long, paniculate at the base, racemose at the apex, white-tomentose at
first, soon glabrescent, the bracts triangular, to 5 mm. long; pedicels 5 mm. long,
tomentose, the bracteoles small, triangular. Calyx tomentose to glabrescent, 5-
dentate, the teeth acute. Petals 5, glabrous on both surfaces, 2 mm. long.
Stamens 5, the filaments about the same length as the petals. Ovary 5-celled,
the disk flat, the styles united into a column, the stigmas capitate. Fruit globose,
5-celled, about 5 mm. across, indistinctly 5-angular, the disk at the top 2 mm.
across, the style-column 1.5 mm. long, the stigmas capitate.
YuNNAN: No precise locality, Forrest 11814 (NY); West of the Mekong, en route
from Pingpo to Youngchang and Tengyueh, Salween watershed, J. '. Rock 7018 (AA, W);
Shweli River drainage basin to summit of Shweli-Salween watershed east of Tengyueh,
J. F. Rock 7639 (AA, W); Lung-ling Hsien, H..T. Tsai 54518 (AA); Chenkang Hsien,
C. W. Wang 72319 (AA); Tengtehwang, T. T. Yu 20000 (AA); Mien-ning, Poshan, T. T.
Yu 17940 (AA); Taron-Taru Divide, Tehgai, T. T. Yii 20980 (AA); no precise locality,
M. K. Li 2189 (AA).
A species characterized by its coriaceous, oblanceolate, long-acuminate, very
short-petiolulate leaflets.
18. Schefflera multinervia sp. nov.
Arbor circa 8 m. alta. Foliis 5-foliolatis petiolatis; petiolis teretibus glabris
8-12 cm. vel ultra longis; foliolis petiolulatis coriaceis glabris, supra nitidis,
subtus glaucis, oblongo-lanceolatis, subaequalibus, circa 15-17 cm. longis, 5—5.5
30 SARGENTIA [2
cm. latis, apice acutis, basi late cuneatis, margine integris, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 16-22 obliquis, utrinque perspicuis, venis tertiariis utrinque obscuris;
petiolulis glabris subaequalibus, 1-2 cm. longis. Inflorescentiis magnis confertis
paniculatis, paniculis 25 cm. vel ultra longis, ferrugineo-pubescentibus vel gla-
brescentibus, ramulis inferioribus compositis ad 20 cm. vel ultra longis, bracteis
triangularibus minimis 0.5 mm. longis. Calyce sparse puberulo vel glabro, 5-
dentato. Petalis 5, in specimine typico nigris, fide collectoris caeruleis, extus
parcissime pubescentibus vel pro more glabris, 2 mm. longis. Staminibus 5.
Ovario 5-loculari, disco plano, stylis in columnam connatis. Fructu ignoto.
YuNNAN: Che-tse-lo, H. T. Tsai 58437 (typr, AA), Sept. 9, 1934.
A species related to Schefflera dumicola W. W. Smith and S. Hoi (Dunn)
Viguier, from both of which it may be distinguished by the large number of
obliquely and compactly arranged lateral veins of the leaflets.
19. Schefflera dumicola W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 12: 221, 1920, 14: 328,
368, 370. 1924, 17: 178. 1930; Hand-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933.
Schefflera stenomera Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 61: 119. 1924.
A shrub 4-6 m. tall, with 5—9-foliolate leaves, the leaflets oblong, acuminate,
and with paniculate inflorescences, the flowers racemosely arranged on the
branches, the lower branches mostly compound. Petioles terete, slender, gla-
brous, 15-40 cm. long; leaflets chartaceous, glabrous, dark green above, glaucous
beneath, narrow-oblong to lanceolate, 15-24 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, the apex
acuminate, the base cuneate, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 12-20 on each
side, not prominent; petiolules 1.5-4.5 cm. long. Inflorescence a panicle about
40 cm. long, the flowers racemosely arranged on the branches, the lower branches
mostly compound, the branches stellate-tomentose to glabrescent, the bracts small,
triangular, to 5 mm. long, the pedicels 4 mm. long, tomentose. Calyx glabrous
to sparsely tomentose, inconspicuously 5-dentate. Petals 5, glabrous on both
surfaces, 2 mm. long, reflexed. Stamens 5, the filaments about the same length
as the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles united into a column, the
stigmas slightly capitate. Fruit globose, 4-5 mm. across, the disk 2 mm. across,
the style-column 2 mm. long, the stigmas capitate.
SZECHUAN: Molien, C. Schneider 1417 (AA) (sterile).
SIKANG: No precise locality, C. W. Wang 66184 (AA).
Yunnan: No precise locality, Forrest s.n. (NY); Chien-chuan-Mekong divide, Forrest
22328 (AA, W); Lan-ping Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54075 (AA); Wei-si Hsien, C. W. Wang
66718 (AA); Salween Valley, Banhanlo, T. T. Yii 23116 (AA); Northwestern Likiang,
Tsze-kou on the Yangtze, R. C. Ching 21439 (AA); south of Chungtien, Chiao-tou on the
Yangtze River bank, K. M. Feng 3111 (AA).
This species can be distinguished from its allies especially by its narrowly ob-
long to lanceolate leaflets, which are usually 4-5 times as long as broad. The
reduction of Schefflera stenomera Hand.-Maz. was made by Handel-Mazzetti.
20. Schefflera Hoi (Dunn) Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 9: 333. 1909.
Heptapleurum Hoi Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 498. 1903.
Scheffllera salweenensis W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 64. 1917, 14: 208.
1924, syn. nov.
A small tree, 5-12 m. in height, with 3—7-foliolate leaves, the leaflets oblong to
oblanceolate, and with large terminal panicles, the flowers racemosely arranged
on the lateral branches, the lower ones sometimes compound. Leaves petiolate ;
petioles terete, glabrous, 10-30 cm. long; leaflets subcoriaceous, petiolulate,
glabrous above, glaucous beneath, oblong to oblanceolate, 5-18 cm. long, 2.5—7
cm. wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base rounded to cuneate, the margins
entire, sometimes revolute, the lateral nerves 8-12 on each side, manifest above,
projecting beneath; petiolules glabrous, 1-5 cm. long. Inflorescence a large ter-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 31
minal panicle, 40-50 cm. long, ferruginous-tomentose to glabrescent, the flowers
racemosely arranged on the lateral branches, the branches to 15 cm. long, the
lower ones sometimes compound, ferruginous-tomentose, the bracts triangular,
to 5 mm. long, the pedicels 2-3 mm. long, ferruginous-tomentose, the bracteoles
small, pointed, less than 1 mm. long. Calyx sparsely ferruginous-tomentose to
white-tomentose, inconspicuously 5-dentate. Petals 5, glabrous on both surfaces,
1.5-2 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments about the same length as the petals.
Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles connate into a column, the stigmas indis-
tinct. Fruit globose, glabrous, 4-5 mm. across, inconspicuously 5-angular, the
disk 2 mm. across, the style-column 1.5 mm. long, the stigmas capitate, distinct.
YUNNAN: South of Red River, Henry 9723 (1sotypE, NY); Mengtze, Henry 13462
(AA, NY); Mount Kenyichunpo and region of Champutong, Salween-Irrawadi watershed,
J. F. Rock 11632 (AA, W); Shang-pa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54378 (AA), 54451 (AA),
54948 (AA), 56550 (AA), 59033 (AA); Ping-pien Hsien, H. T. Tsai 61693 (AA); We-si
Hsien, H. T. Tsai 59589 (AA); Champutung, Chi-na-tung, C. W. Wang 66603 (AA) ;
Champutung, Shi-gi-tung, C. W. Wang 67162 (AA); Kinkiang Valley, East of Monting,
T. T. Yu 20203 (AA); South of Chungtien, Wo-tso on the Yangtze River bank, K. M. Feng
3279 (AA).
The leaves of this species are not constant in shape, with variations in the base
and apex as indicated in the description above. I consider that S. salweenensis
W. W. Smith is merely a form with oblanceolate leaflets.
20a. Scheflera Hoi var. macrophylla var. nov.
A typo foliis majoribus recedit.
Differs from the species in the larger size of the leaves. Leaves 5-foliolate ;
petioles terete, glabrous, 55 cm. long; leaflets oblanceolate, 30 cm. long, 10 cm.
wide, the apex short-acuminate, the base attenuate, the margins entire, the lateral
nerves 12-20 on each side.
YUNNAN: Der-la, Cham-pu-tung, C. W. Wang 66751 (typr, AA), Oct. 1935.
Fig. 4. Schefflera glomerulata; 1. leaf, X 4%; 2. portion of inflorescence, X 14; 3. por-
tion of infructescence, X 14; 4. longitudinal section of flower, X 6; 5. fruit, X 4.
32 SARGENTIA [2
21. Schefflera glomerulata sp. nov. Fig. 4.
Arbor parva 6-7 m. alta. Foliis 3-5-foliolatis, petiolatis; foliolis petiolulatis
coriaceis glabris, supra nitidis, subtus pallidis, obovato-ellipticis, 8-15 cm. longis,
3-7 cm. latis, apice obtusis vel acutis, basi cuneatis, margine integris revolutis,
nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8, nervis atque venis tertiariis prominentibus,
utrinque perspicuis; petiolulis 1.5-5 cm. longis glabris. Inflorescentiis terminali-
bus paniculatis, 15-20 cm. longis, tomentosis vel glabrescentibus, bracteis caducis,
floribus parvis sessilibus ad 5 in glomerulo quove, pedunculis tomentosis fultis
3 mm. longis, bracteolis caducis. Calyce glabro, margine integro vel subintegro.
Petalis 5 tenuibus, utrinque glabris, 1.5 mm. longis. Staminibus 5, filamentis
petalorum longitudinem aequantibus. Ovario 5-loculari, disco subelevato, stig-
matibus 5 sessilibus. Fructu elongato ovoideo, 5 mm. longo, 3 mm. crasso,
manifeste pentagono, sessili vel subsessili, pedicellis circa 1 mm. longis fultis, disco
conico acutato pentagono, 44 longitudinis fructus aequante.
Yunnan: No precise locality, H. T. Tsai 60037A (tyre, AA); Ping-pien Hsien, H. T.
Tsai 55347 (AA), 60278 (AA), 60342 (AA) (fruit).
Kweicuow: Do-wan, Chenfeng, S. W. Teng 90830 (AA).
Kwancst: Bako Shan, western Poseh, R. C. Ching 7463 (LU, NY).
This species is characterized by its sessile glomerulate flowers, short peduncles,
and the sessile or subsessile, elongated and pointed fruits. It is apparently close
to Schefflera pauciflora Viguier, an Indo-Chinese species, differing mainly in the
longer peduncles in fruit.
22. Schefflera tenuis sp. nov.
Frutex ad 3 m. altus. Foliis 3—-5-foliolatis brevipetiolatis; petiolis teretibus
glabris 3-6.5 cm. longis; foliolis chartaceis glabris, obovato-ellipticis vel ovato-
lanceolatis, 6-10 cm. longis, 1.5-3 cm. latis, pro more ultra medium latioribus,
apice longe acuminatis, basi cuneatis, margine integris, nervis lateralibus utrin-
secus 5, nervis atque venis tertiariis prominentibus utrinque manifestis ; petiolulis
glabris 0.5-2 cm. longis. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescentiis fructigeris corym-
boso-paniculatis, ramulis circa 5, 8-10 cm. longis, gracilibus, subtomentosis, brac-
teis caducis, fructibus in umbella quave 2-5, pedunculis teretibus 1.5-2 cm.
longis; pedicellis gracilibus glabris circa 8 mm. longis. Fructu globoso glabro,
manifeste glandulari-punctato, exacte pentagono, 4 mm. crasso, disco minimo plus
minusve plano, 4% vel 4% longitudinis fructus aequante.
Yunnan: Kuikiang Valley, Taron, T. T. Yii 19475 (type, AA), July 27, 1938.
A species characterized by the delicate and slender corymbose-paniculate in-
florescence and the very small almost indistinct disk on the fruit. The leaflets
resemble those of Schefflera kwangsiensis Merr. but differ in being generally
broader above the middle and longer acuminate.
23. Schefflera yunnanensis sp. nov.
Sche fflera elliptica sensu Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933, pro parte, non Harms.
Frutex scandens, 3-10 m. longus, epiphyticus. Foliis 5-foliolatis breviter petio-
latis; petiolis teretibus glabris 5-6 cm. longis; foliolis coriaceis, supra glabris,
subtus glaucis, obovato-oblongis vel ovatis, 5.5 cm. longis, 2.5-3 cm. latis, apice
acuminatis, basi late cuneatis vel rotundatis, margine integris, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 5-6, nervis atque venis tertiariis utrinque prominentibus; petiolulis
glabris inaequalibus, infimis brevissimis, 2-3 cm. longis, medianis 1.5 cm. longis,
intermediis. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescentiis corymboso-paniculatis, ramulis 3—
4, fructigeris ad 8 cm. longis, sparse tomentosis, fructibus umbellatis 2-7, umbellis
racemose secus ramulos dispositis, pedunculis subtomentosis 7 mm. longis; pedi-
cellis parce tomentosis circa 7 mm. longis. Fructu ovoideo pentagono glandulari-
punctato, 4 mm. longo, 2.5 mm. magno, disco conico, 4% longitudinis fructus
aequante, stigmatibus sessilibus.
1942} , LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 33
Yunnan: No precise locality, Forrest 14881 (NY); Tsarong, Salwin-Kiukiang Divide,
Northwest of Si-chi-to, Forrest 21624 (type, AA, isotype, W [as 21642]) ; inter vicos Tji-
ontson et Pipito ad fluvium Lu-djang (Salween) infra Tschemutong, Handel-Mazzetti 9833
(AA).
A species very near Schefflera tenuis Li and S. kwangsiensis Merr., differing
from the former in the stouter and shorter peduncles and pedicels, the less
acuminate leaflets, and the larger disk of the fruit, and from the latter in its
epiphytic habit, obovate leaflets, short petioles, unequal petiolules, and smaller
fruits.
24. Schefflera arboricola Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 6: 23, in syn. 1916; Merr. Lingnan Sci.
Jour. 5: 139. 1927.
Heptapleurum arboricolum Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 6: 23. t. 4. 1916.
A shrub, sometimes scandent, about 3-4 m. tall, with 7-9-foliolate leaves, the
leaflets glabrous, ovate-oblong, obtuse to acute, sometimes emarginate, the flowers
in umbels, racemosely arranged on the lateral branches of a terminal panicle.
Leaves petiolate ; petioles slender, terete, glabrous, 12-15 cm. long; leaflets petio-
lulate, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, pale green beneath, obovate-oblong,
about 9 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, the apex obtuse to acute, sometimes emarginate,
the base obtuse, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side, the
nerves and tertiary veins more or less projecting and distinct on both surfaces ;
petiolules glabrous, 2-4 cm. long. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, slightly
tomentose to glabrescent, about 20 cm. long, the flowers in umbels, these race-
mosely arranged on the lateral branches; bracts present in bud, large, ovate, to
1.5 cm. long, densely tomentose, soon caducous ; peduncles short, 5 mm. long,
with caducous bracteoles; umbels 5-10-flowered, 0.7-1 cm. in diameter, the
pedicels 5-8 mm. long. Calyx glabrous, the margin entire to obscurely dentate.
Petals 5, glabrous on both surfaces, 2.5 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments about
as long as the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk slightly elevated, the stigmas >,
sessile. Fruits ovoid, glandular-punctate when young, 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide,
distinctly 5-angular, the disk conical, about the length of the fruit.
Hanan: Near Shui-mun, F. A. McClure 9596A (AA, NY), 9596B (NY); Tan-chow
District, Mei Yuen Tsuen, W. T. Tsang 795 = LU16294 (AA, NY, W); Ngai District, Nan
Shan Ling, S. K. Lau 350 (AA, W); Ching Mai District, Pak Shik Ling, Ku Tung Village,
C. I. Lei 187 (AA, NY); Yaichow, H. Y. Liang 63057 (NY), 63435 (AA); no precise
locality, C. Wang 34518 (AA, NY, W), 34622 (NY), 55038 (AA, NY); Liamin, J. L.
Gressitt 1182 (AA); Poting, F. C. How 72765 (AA), 73229 (AA), 73535 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION : Formosa.
A species closely related to Schefflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms, from
which it can be distinguished by the 7—9-foliolate leaves, the generally obovate-
oblong leaflets, the shorter peduncles and longer pedicels, and the smaller disk of
the fruits.
25. Schefflera kwangsiensis Merrill in herb. sp. nov.
Frutex 2 m. altus. Foliis 5—7-foliolatis petiolatis; petiolis gracilibus teretibus
glabris, 6-12 cm. longis; foliolis coriaceis glabris petiolulatis, oblongo-lanceolatis,
plus minusve inter se aequalibus, 5-12 cm. longis, 2—4 cm. latis, apice acuminatis,
basi cuneatis, margine integris revolutis, venis lateralibus utrinsecus ad 5 ad-
scendentibus, nervis venisque tertiariis manifestis utrinque prominentibus ; petio-
lulis subaequalibus glabris gracilibus 2.5 cm. longis. Inflorescentiis terminalibus
parvis paniculatis, circa 12 cm. longis, tomentellis vel glabrescentibus, plus minusve
corymbosis, ramulis 2-3 circa 7 cm. longis, bracteis caducis, floribus umbellatis
racemose dispositis, pedunculis 1-1.5 cm. longis subtomentosis, bracteolis caducis,
umbellis circiter 8-floris 1 cm. latis; pedicellis 5 mm. longis tomentellis. Calyce
brevi et lato, glabro vel sparse tomentoso, 1 mm. longo. Petalis 5 utrinque
glabris, circa 2 mm. longis. Staminibus 5, filamentis 3.5 mm. longis. Ovario
34 SARGENTIA - [2
5-loculari, disco subelevato, stigmatibus 5 sessilibus. Fructibus ovoideis glabris,
circa 7 mm. longis et 5 mm. crassis, perspicue pentagonis, disco conico 5-mero,
14 longitudinis fructus aequante, stigmatibus sessilibus.
Kwancsi: Sui-luk District, southwest of Nanning, Mountains surrounding Pa Lan
Village, W. T. Tsang 21788 (typr, AA), Feb. 21-30, 1933; Shang-sze District, Shih Wan
Tai Shan, near Ping Hoh Village, W. T. Tsang 22088 (AA) (fruit) ; Shang-sze District,
Shih Wan Tai Shan, near Iu Shan Village, W. T. Tsang 22177 (AA) (fruit).
Kwanctunc: McClure Y124 = LU18592 (NY), cultivated in Lingnan University
Garden.
A species allied to Sche fflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms and S. arbori-
cola Hay. It differs from both in being a lower and more slender shrub with
acuminate leaflets. McClure Y124 is from a cultivated specimen, its origin
unknown. It has narrower leaflets, but probably belongs here.
26. Schefflera fukienensis Merr. Sunyatsenia 3: 255. 1937,
A scandent shrub with 3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets elliptic, and with terminal
panicles, the flowers in umbels, racemosely arranged on the branches. Leaves
long-petiolate ; petioles glabrous, terete, 12-14 cm. long; leaflets petiolulate, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, elliptic, 7-9 cm. long, 4.5-5.5 cm. wide,
the apex short-acute, the base broadly acute to rounded, the margins entire,
slightly revolute, the lateral nerves about 5 on each side, the nerves and tertiary
veins distinct on both surfaces; petiolules uneven, the lateral ones 10-12 mm.
long, the median ones 4 cm. long. Inflorescence in terminal, loose panicles, about
15 cm. long, the branches oblique, the lower ones to 8 cm. long, the flowers in
umbels, these racemosely arranged, 6—10-flowered, about 7-8 mm. in diameter,
the peduncles 1 cm. long, the pedicels about 2 mm. long. Calyx glabrous, the
margin slightly dentate. Petals 5, ovate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces, 1.6
mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments about the same length as the petals. Ovary
5-celled, rarely 6-celled.
FukIEN: Without precise locality, H. H. Chung 6157 (nototyrr, NY).
Known from the original collection only. Very near to S. venulosa (Wight
& Arn.) Harms, which is a species of wide distribution in southwestern China.
The leaves of S. fukienensis differ from those of the latter in being all 3-foliolate,
and with generally shorter and broader leaflets. More material from Fukien
and Kwangtung is desirable to define the relationships of these two species.
27. Schefflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
3(8): 39. 1894; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924.
Paratropia venulosa Wight & Arn. Prodr. 1: 377. 1834; Walp. Rep. 2: 433. 1843; Wight,
Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: t. 118. 1850.
Heptapleurum venulosum Seem. Jour. Bot. 3: 80. 1865, Revis. Heder. 44. 1868; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 729. 1879; Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 454.
1911; W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 295. 1930.
Heptapleurum Cavalerieri Lévl. Rep. Sp. Nov. 9: 326. 1911, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 35. 1914.
Schefflera elliptica sensu Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933, pro parte; Rehder, Jour.
Arn. Arb. 15: 114. 1934; non Harms.
A shrub, sometimes scandent and occasionally epiphytic, with 5—7-foliolate
leaves, the leaflets elliptic and acute, and with large terminal panicles, the flowers
in umbels, racemosely arranged on the lateral branches. Leaves 5- rarely 7-
foliolate, petiolate ; petioles glabrous, terete, 10-12 cm. long; leaflets petiolulate,
coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, elliptic, 7-15 cm. long, 3-10 cm. wide, the
apex obtuse, acute, or more rarely acuminate, the base rounded to attenuate, the
margins entire, slightly revolute, the lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side, the nerves
and tertiary veins distinct on both surfaces; petiolules 1.5-6 cm. long, the lateral
ones shorter. Inflorescence in terminal loose panicles, slightly tomentose, soon
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 35
glabrous, 10-20 cm. long ; flowers small, in umbels, these racemosely arranged on
the lateral branches, the bracts triangular, 7 mm. long, soon caducous; peduncles
0.7-1.5 cm. long, with bracts at base, soon caducous, the umbels about 10-flowered,
0.7—1 cm. in diameter, the pedicels 2-3 mm. long. Calyx glabrous, the margin
entire to subentire. Petals 5, thin, glabrous on both surfaces, 2 mm. long.
Stamens 5, the filaments slightly longer than the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk
slightly raised, the stigmas 5, sessile. Fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, 5-angular, the
disk conical, 4 the length of the fruit, glandular-punctate when young.
YuNNAN: No precise locality, Forrest 7698 (NY), 9739 (W), 11558 (W), 11873 (NY) ;
eastern flank of the N’Maikha-Salween divide, Forrest 17896 (AA); Mengtze, Henry 9403
(AA, NY), 9403B (AA, NY, W), 9403D (AA, W), 10541 (AA, NY, W), 13044 (AA);
Mengtze, Handel-Maszetti 6047 (AA) ; Mt. Tien-pi-shan, near Puerfu, J. F. Rock 2863 (AA,
W), 2866 (AA, W); between Tengyueh and Lungling, J. F. Rock 7232 (AA, W); Shweli
River basin, East of Tengyueh, J. F. Rock 7851 (W),; Kien-shuei Hsien, H. T. Tsai 53121
(AA), 53252 (AA); Lung-ling Hsien, H. T. Tsai 55034 (AA); Ping-pien Hsien, H. T.
Tsai 60006 (AA); Chen-kan Hsien, C. W. Wang 72847 (AA); Lang-tsang Hsien, C. W.
Wang 76448 (AA); Fo-hai, C. W. Wang 73883 (AA), 74308 (AA), 74911 (AA); Nan-
chiao, C. W. Wang 75152 (AA), 76887 (AA); Che-li Hsien, Sheau-meng-yeang, C. W.
Wang 75571 (AA), 75771 (AA); Shunning, Tehseling, T. T. Yii 16249 (AA); Shunning,
Wen-kwan-kuai, T. T. Yii 16290 (AA); Shunning, Hila, T. T. Vii 16563 (AA); Huaning,
Ta-ko-le, Y. Tsiang and H. Wang 16290 (AA).
KweicHow: Ouest de Lo-fou, riviére de Pia-nai, J. Cavalerie 2658 (holotype of Hepta-
pleurum Cavalerieri Lévl.).
Kwancsr: Sin Shu, R. C. Ching 7327 (NY).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India to Indo-China.
Schefflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms is considered to be a synonym of
S. elliptica (Bl.) Harms by C. B. Clarke, Handel-Mazzetti, and Rehder, the
type of the latter being from Java (Sciadophyllum ellipticum Bl. Bijdr. 878.
1826). Craib, in his consideration of the Siamese species of Schefflera (FI.
Siam. Enum. 1: 798. 1931), considers that the two species are distinct, and
after comparing our Asiatic and Javan material I am convinced that he is correct.
The Chinese material certainly represents the same species as the Indian form
originally described by Wight and Arnott and as illustrated by Wight. It differs
from the Javan species, S. elliptica, in the numerous umbels which are racemosely
arranged on the elongated 10-15 cm. long panicle branches, while in Javan
material the umbels are few in number and are subcorymbosely arranged on the
rather short panicle branches. The typical form of S. elliptica (Bl.) Harms is
excellently illustrated by Keorders and Valeton, Atlas Baumart. Java 4: t. 688.
1916. <A glance at Wight’s and the Koorders-Valeton excellent illustrations is
all that is needed to show the very striking differences between the two species.
28. Schefflera khasiana (C. B. Clarke) Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 9: 351. 1909;
Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933.
Heptapleurum khasianum C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 730. 1879.
A tree with 7-foliolate leaves, the leaflets narrowly oblong, acuminate, and with
panicled inflorescence, the flowers in umbels, racemosely arranged on the elon-
gated, tomentose, and compound lateral branches. Leaves generally 7-foliolate,
petiolate; petioles terete, glabrous, about 20 cm. long; leaflets coriaceous, gla-
brous, narrow-oblong, 15—20 cm. long, 6-9 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base
rounded, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 8-12 on each side, the tertiary
nerves distinct beneath; petiolules 2.5-6 cm. long, glabrous. Inflorescence a
panicle, 20-30 cm. long, tomentose to glabrescent, the flowers in umbels, these
racemosely arranged on the lateral branches, the branches elongated, ascending,
compound, tomentose, the bracts oblong, acuminate, 6 mm: long, caducous, the
umbels about 8-flowered, the peduncles 8 mm. long, the pedicels 2-3 mm. long,
36 SARGENTIA [2
tomentose to glabrescent. Calyx tomentulose, 5-dentate. Petals 5, tomentulose
without, glabrous within. Stamens 5, the filaments slightly longer than the
petals. Ovary 5-celled, the stigmas sessile. Fruits globose, 4 mm. across, gla-
brous, indistinctly 5-angular, the disk depressed-conical, not pentagonal, the
stigmas 5, sessile.
YunnaAN: No data, H. T. Tsai 55894 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India.
It may be that the oldest name for this species is Schefflera Wallichiana (Wight
& Arn.) Harms, based on Paratropia Wallichiana Wight & Arn. Prodr. 1: 337.
1834 (Heptapleurum Wallichianum Seem.) ; see Handel-Mazzetti’s note (Symb.
Sin. 7: 691. 1933) stating that it is doubtful if the two supposedly different spe-
cies are distinct.
Doubtful and Excluded Species
1. Schefflera Fargesii (Franch.) Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 486. 1900; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924.
Heptapleurum Fargesii Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 306. 1896, Pl, Sin. Ecl. Prim. 26. 1897.
Fragments of the type, fruits, and a very small bit of one leaflet (Farges 895
& 75, ex herb. Paris.) are in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. Franchet
did not indicate the number of ovary-cells, but an examination of the fruits shows
them to be 2-celled, which is definitely not a Schefflera character. The plant may
well prove to be a species of Acanthopanax, but the material available is too frag-
mentary for more definite determination at this time. In any case it is not a
Sche ffiera.
2. Scheflera pauciflora Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 9: 357. 1909; Hand.-Maz.
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 87: 124. 1938.
Viguier’s species was based on a fruiting specimen collected in Tonkin by
Balansa. Handel-Mazzetti has recorded the species as occurring in Kwangsi on
the basis of Ching 8078. I have seen no Chinese material that I would refer to
Viguier’s species and suspect that Handel-Mazzetti may have had a specimen
representing what I have described as Schefflera glomerulata Li.
V. DretopaANax Handel-Mazzetti
Diplopanax Hand.-Maz. Sinensia 3: 198. 1933.
A glabrous, unarmed tree. Leaves simple, entire, exstipulate. Flowers in
single, terminal, spike-like inflorescences, the upper ones solitary, the lower ones
umbellate, these sessile or peduncled, the bracts caducous, the pedicels none, the
flowers articulate just below the calyx tube. Calyx margin 5-dentate. Petals 5,
valvate. Stamens 10, 5 often sterile, the anthers oblong. Ovary 1-celled, 1-
ovulate, the style single. Fruit 1-seeded, oval, very hard when dry, the mesocarp
very thick. Seed laterally compressed and curved, horseshoe-shaped in cross
section ; endosperm uniform.
Monotypic and endemic in Kwangsi.
1. Diplopanax stachyanthus Hand.-Maz. Sinensia 3: 198. 1933; Chun, Sunyatsenia 4:
247. 1940. Fig. 5.
A tree 5-13 m. tall, with simple entire leaves, shining above, and with a single
terminal inflorescence with sessile flowers arranged singly above and umbellately
on short peduncles below. Branches dark brown, with white oblong lenticels.
Leaves petiolate, exstipulate, coriaceous, obovate-lanceolate, 9.5-15.5 cm. long,
3.5-6.5 cm. wide, the apex acute, the base narrowly cuneate, the margins entire,
glabrous, dark green and shining above, pale green beneath, sparingly stellate-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 37
hairy along the midrib or glabrous beneath, the lateral nerves about 6-11, distinct
on both surfaces, the tertiary veins inconspicuous above; petioles stout, glabrous,
2-6 cm. long. Inflorescence single, terminal, to 27 cm. long, the upper part spike-
like with the flowers single and sessile, the lower flowers umbellate, the umbels
generally 3—5-flowered, on short peduncles, the peduncles becoming gradually
longer toward the base of the inflorescence, 0.2-1.5 cm. long, the main axis and
peduncles stout; bracts broadly ovate, caducous, the pedicels absent, the flowers
Fig. 5. Diplopanax stachyanthus; 1. branchlet with inflorescence, X 4%; 2. flower in
bud, X 4; 3. the same, longitudinal section, X 4; 4. fruit, X 14; 5. cross-section of fruit,
x
articulate below the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube elongated, 3-4 mm. long, densely
pubescent, narrow below, broad above, the margin 5-dentate, the lobes triangular,
acute. Petals 5, valvate, ovate, acuminate, 3 mm. long, fleshy, pubescent outside.
Stamens 10, 5 often sterile, the filaments shorter than the petals, the anthers
oblong. Ovary 1-celled, the style conical. Fruit ovoid, hard when dry, 4.5 cm.
long, 3.5 cm. broad, slightly compressed laterally, glabrous, with subconspicuous
linear nerves and very thick mesocarp, 1-seeded, the seed laterally compressed
and curved, horseshoe-shaped in cross-section.
Kwancs!i: Bin Long, Minshan, North of Luchen, R. C. Ching 5969 (1sotype, LU, NY);
Shang-sze District, Shih Wan Tai Shan, near Iu Shan Village, W. T. Tsang 22361 (AA,
LU); Shang-sze District, Shih Wan Tai Shan, Tang Lung Village, W. T. Tsang 24385
(AA, NY) (fruit) ; Yaoshan, Ping Nan, C. Wang 39333 (AA), 40165 (AA).
38 SARGENTIA [2
Tsang’s specimens cited above are apparently more mature than were those of
Handel-Mazzetti, with generally larger leaves, longer petioles, and with very few
hairs on the midrib on the lower surface. Wang 39333 and 40165 have the flow-
ers all sessile on the main axis. Otherwise these specimens closely agree with the
original description and with an isotype. The fruit is here described for the
first time. It is very large and quite different from all other araliaceous fruits
known to me.
VI. DENpROPANAX Decaisne & Planchon
Dendropanax Decne. & Planch. Rev. Hort. IV. 3: 107. 1854.
Gilibertia Ruiz & Pav. Prodr. Fl. Peruv. 50. t. 8. 1794; non Gilibertia J. F. Gmel. 1791.
Textoria Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 12. 1863.
Unarmed glabrous trees or shrubs, occasionally slightly pubescent. Leaves
simple, entire or sometimes palmately 3—5-lobed, often beautifully pellucid-glandu-
lar under transmitted light; stipules small, scarcely united within the petioles or
absent. Flowers bisexual or polygamous, umbellate, the umbels solitary or sev-
eral together, simple or racemosely or paniculately arranged; bracts small or
wanting ; pedicels not articulate under the flower. Calyx-margin entire or 5-
dentate. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5, the anthers oval or oblong. Ovary 5-
celled. Styles distinct or united throughout their whole length or only at base
and spreading at tips. Disk fleshy, shortly conical. Fruit globose or ellipsoid,
distinctly or obscurely 5-angular ; seeds laterally compressed ; endosperm uniform.
About 80 species in tropical America and Eastern Asia.
Type species: Dendropanax pendulus (Swartz) Decne. & Planch. (Hedera
pendula Swartz).
The name Gilibertia Ruiz & Pav. is invalid because of the earlier Gilibertia
J. F. Gmel. A. C. Smith has treated the problem of generic nomenclature in
Trop. Woods 66: 1. 1941, and Merrill, who compiled a list of the known Old
World species, has also considered it in Brittonia 4: 129-134, 1941. Nakai (FI.
Sylvat. Koreana 16: 41. 1927, and Jour. Jap. Bot. 15: 6-11. 1939) revived the
name Tes«toria Miq. for the Asiatic species. The inflorescence character de-
pended upon by him to separate Textoria from Dendropanax (simple umbels in
Textoria, compound inflorescences in Dendropanax ) fails, for some of the Asiatic
species have compound inflorescences while some of the American ones have
simple umbels. Among the thirteen species and one variety from China enumer-
ated here, eight have simple umbels, while the other six have compound inflores-
cences or variations from simple umbels to compound inflorescences within the
same species.
Merrill, in his list of Asiatic Dendropanax (l.c.), states that ‘an examination
of a long series of tropical American and Asiatic species convinced me that there
is no valid reason for generically separating the Old World species from those
of the New World. In most of the Old World species the umbels are simple, but
several species have compound inflorescences ; in some of the New World species
they are simple, in others the inflorescences are compound. I can find no constant
fruit or flower characters by which two genera may be distinguished.”
Prof. Merrill has called my attention to the glands present in the leaves of
many of the species, which can be seen by transmitted light. This character is
important in differentiating the species, but has been overlooked by most authors.
Fortunately, type materials of all the Chinese species are available for this study,
and this character is accordingly incorporated in the descriptions as given below.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 39
Kery TO SPECIES AND VARIETIES
A. Leaves glandular-punctate, the glands more or less evident under transmitted light.
B. Styles distinct for 14 their length or more, divergent.
C. Leaves firmly chartaceous to coriaceous, the tertiary veins distinct on both surfaces;
inflorescences simple or compound; fruit ovoid.
MBPS EGIBEETEI TO (5) a75 0:04: 5 s'ssa0r5o oa e-chos. OFS Sie ave: ous Th GE Ree re eer ea ee 1. D. Chevalieri.
DIP MIBCAVESPMONTICUIATE: -.c.5 saisie cis Sadat tae o'he shretioiee la. D. Chevalieri var. dentigerus.
CC. Leaves chartaceous to subchartaceous, the tertiary veins obscure; umbels solitary;
fruit globose.
re SUvleSmaistiniGl, GIVEL ELE. ss o.c.s 0 site pecehcn ele Meee Re er metin. cls 2. D. stellatus.
DD. Styles united for % their length, divergent above ............... 3. D. confertus.
BB. Styles united throughout their whole length into a single column, or, if distinct, then
at the tip only and erect, not divergent.
C. Styles united throughout their whole length; inflorescences simple or compound.
D, Leaves membranaceous, lanceolate, mostly deeply 2-3-lobed ....4. D. angustilobus.
DD. Leaves firmly chartaceous, oblong to oblong-elliptic, entire ....5. D. oligodontus.
CC. Styles distinct at their tips, united below into a column; inflorescences always simple.
D. Leaves subcoriaceous; fruit oblong-ovoid, ribbed ................. 6. D. productus.
DD, Leaves subchartaceous; fruit globose, not ribbed ............ 7. D. kwangsiensis.
AA, Leaves not glandular-punctate.
PP aOiMlenmamaistinct, Givergert. <<. sis ctemerse ere enero aire Sc. cyosee.0'les< 8. D. inflatus.
BB. Styles united throughout their whole length into a single column.
C. Leaves 3-nerved at the base.
D. Leaves elliptic-ovate to oblong, glabrous on both surfaces; inflorescences glabrous,
simple, the umbels many-flowered (up to 100) ....... geceseeees 9. D. parviflorus.
DD. Leaves lanceolate, sparingly tomentose beneath; inflorescences tomentose, com-
pound, the umbels few-flowered (about 20) ...0.............. 10. D. ferrugineus.
CC. Leaves not 3-nerved at the base.
D. Leaves oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate; inflorescences always compound, with 5-7
(Eyen Oa) gk, See OR Serr ois A ies oo: ooo aoe OO ne 11. D. hainanensis.
DD. Leaves elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate; inflorescences simple or with 1-3 umbels.
E. Leaves coriaceous, the lateral nerves inconspicuous, 5-10 on each side; umbels
30or more) -flowered «4... .i05 sens stein RM 5 cake: cis are sts 12. D. proteus.
EE, Leaves subchartaceous to subcoriaceous, the lateral nerves subconspicuous, 10-13
on each side; umbels 10—15-flowered .................6. 13. D. acuminatissimus.
1. Dendropanax Chevalieri (Viguier) Merr. Jour. Arn. Arb. 19: 59. 1938; Merr. & Chun,
Sunyatsenia 5: 152. 1940; Merr. Brittonia 4: 132. 1941.
Gilibertia Chevalieri Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1181. f. 147. 1923.
Dendropanax japonicus sensu Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 342. 1888; Dunn
& Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 119. 1912; non Seem.
Gilibertia trifida sensu Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924; non Makino.
Gilibertia sinensis Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 24, 1924, pro parte; Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb.
8: 180. 1927; Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 68. 1927.
Gilibertia dentigera var. anodonta Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 692. 1933, Oesterr. Bot.
Zeitschr. 88: 305. 1939, syn. nov.
Gilibertia intercedens Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 88:
304. 1939; Merr. Brittonia 4: 132. 1941, pro parte, syn. nov.
Textoria sinensis Nakai, Jour. Jap. Bot. 15: 9. 1939.
A small tree or shrub, 5-7 m. high, the leaves firmly chartaceous to coriaceous,
glabrous, glandular, elliptic, mostly entire, sometimes 3—5-lobed, 3-nerved, the
umbels terminal, solitary or few together, either fascicled or umbellately ar-
ranged on a short rachis. Leaves with numerous reddish-brown translucent
glands, petiolate, generally elliptic, 6-15 cm. long, 3-7.5 cm. wide, sometimes
much larger, the apex acuminate, the base attenuate to cuneate, lightly 3-nerved,
the margins entire, the lateral nerves about 4-6 on each side, the secondary and
tertiary veins elevated and distinct on both surfaces; petioles 0.5—5 cm. long.
Inflorescence terminal, glabrous, the flowers in umbels, the umbels solitary or
40 SARGENTIA [2
few together either fascicled at the tips of the branchlets or umbellately arranged
on a shortly produced rachis and thus forming a compound inflorescence ; umbels
many-flowered, the bracts ovate, acuminate, caducous, the peduncles glabrous,
2-3 cm. long, the bracteoles short-triangular, the pedicels glabrous, 0.5-1 cm.
long. Calyx glabrous, the margin subentire to slightly dentate, the lobes 5,
short, mucronulate. Petals 5, triangular, 2 mm. long, glabrous, reflexed.
Stamens 5, erect, the filaments 2.5-3 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5,
connate at the base, distinct above, at first erect, later divergent. Fruit oblong,
to 7-9 mm. long, very slightly 5-angular or not, with many longitudinal ridges,
the styles persistent, divergent.
CHEKIANG: Tien Tai Shan, H. H. Hu 331 (AA, NY); south of Pangyang, Tai-suan,
R. C. Ching 2100 (AA, W).
ANHwWEI: Hwangshan, N. K. Ip UN4781 (AA), A. N. Steward UN7141 (AA, W),
R. C. Ching 2937 (AA, W); no precise locality, R. C. Ching 3181 (AA); Wu Yuan, R. C.
Ching 3229 (AA).
Krancst: Tzu-chi Hsien, H. H. Hu 1238 (AA), 1249 (AA); in monte Hwangdschu-
ling inter Dingschon et Ningdu, Wang-Te-Hui 376 (isoparatype of Gilibertia intercedens
Hand.-Maz., AA); Ningdu, Lien-hwaschan, Wang-Te-Hui 465 (AA).
YunNAN: Shang-pa, H. T. Tsai 58678 (AA), 58728 (AA); Ping-pien Hsien, H. T.
Tsai 61564 (AA), 61624 (AA); Bar-ru-lah, Salwin-Kiukiang divide, C. W. Wang 67557
(AA); Shi-gi-tung, Champutong, C. W. Wang 67562 (AA); Kiukiang Valley, Taron,
Sronwang, T. T. Yii 20169 (AA); Kiukiang Valley, north of Monting, T. T. Yiu 20382
(AA); Salwin-Kiukiang divide, Muchielung, T. T. Yii 20584 (AA).
Kwancsti: Seh-feng-dar-shan, south of Nanning, R. C. Ching 8306 (NY); Shang-sze
District, Shap Man Taai Shan, W. T. Tsang 22650 (AA), 24257 (AA); Yao-shan, C. Wang
39641 (AA), 40162 (AA); Tse-yuen District, Z. S. Chung 83453 (AA), 83505 (AA),
83518 (AA), 83534 (AA); Kwei-ling District, Chi-fen-shan, Hsi-chang Village, W. T.
Tsang 28480 (AA).
Kwanctunc: Lofaushan, Handel-Mazzetti 132 (AA); Canton, C. O. Levine CCC1376
(AA, G, W), CCC1433 (AA, G), CCC1525 (AA, G, W) ; Lofaushan, S. P. Ko 50164 (NY),
Merrill 11035 (NY); Perfect Pool Gorge, Levine and McClure CCC6841 (NY); Lung
T’au Shan, To & Tsang LU12523 (NY); Hongkong, New Territory, Tai Ue Mountain,
Fung Hom 114 = LU19422 (NY); Lo Chang District, Chong Ueng Shan, near Kau Fung,
W.T. Tsang 20965 (AA); Mei District, Yam Na Shan, W. T. Tsang 21434 (AA, NY);
Wung Yuen District, Fan Shiu Shan, Fan Shiu Au, S. K. Lau 2741 (AA).
Hainan: Poting, F. C. How 73623 (AA).
Fuxien: Kuliang Hills, near Foochow, J. B. Norton 1363 (G, W); northern Fukien,
Shou-ning, R. C. Ching 2294 (AA, G, W); Buong Kang, Yenping, H. H. Chung 3428 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Indo-China.
This species is characterized by its rather thick leaves, with prominent and
elevated veins on both surfaces and reddish-brown translucent glands. The fruit
is oblong and with longitudinal ribs. The leaves are very variable in size and
are sometimes 3—5-lobed. In some cases, the fruit is infested by insects, result-
ing in abnormally large sizes and irregular shapes.
As I have interpreted the species it includes very many specimens that are
strictly Textoria as characterized by Miquel and accepted by Nakai, in that the
inflorescences are simple umbels. However, a number of specimens that I can-
not otherwise distinguish from Dendropanax Chevalieri have distinctly com-
pound inflorescences, in that from two to five umbels are borne on a shortly
produced rachis. As Nakai interpreted Textoria as having simple umbels to
take all the Old World species and Dendropanax (Gilibertia) as having com-
pound inflorescences and limited to tropical America, the following specimens
would fall in the latter group as opposed to the bulk of the cited specimens being
strictly Textoria: Tsang 22650, Steward 7141, Levine 1525, Merrill 11035,
Wang 39641, 40162, Chung 83505, and Tsai 61564. Incidentally, intermediate
\
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 41
forms occur, many of the simple-umbelled forms having a solitary terminal
umbel, while others have several umbels fascicled at the tips of the branches but
without a produced rachis.
Nakai’s species (Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 24. 1924) is evidently the same as
Viguier’s. His specimens include both denticulate and entire-leaved forms. He
apparently overlooked the glands, as he mentioned in his key that it is “epunc-
tata.” In his later treatment (Jour. Jap. Bot. 15: 1-18. 1939) he distinguished
this species from Dendropanax dentigerus (Harms) Merr. by its leaves being
entire. Certainly D. dentigerus differs from D. Chevalieri in no other respect
than the denticulate leaves. Harms’ original description applies only to plants
with solitary umbels, but, as Handel-Mazzetti has noted (Symb. Sin. 7: 692.
1933), there are specimens with compound inflorescences that otherwise agree
with Harms’ species. The inflorescence of D. Chevalieri varies from solitary
umbels to several umbels on a somewhat produced axis. In both cases, the
styles are united slightly below and divergent above. Occasionally, on otherwise
entire-margined leaves of some of the specimens, one or few very small teeth
may be found. Thus, the separation of a species on the basis of dentation alone
is scarcely warranted. In my judgment, D. dentigerus ought to be regarded as
a variety of D. Chevalieri.
The Yunnan specimens, as well as some of the specimens from Kwangtung
and Kwangsi, have much less prominent nerves. Craib (Kew Bull. 1931: 206.
1931, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 796. 1931) described Gilibertia siamensis from Siam,
differentiating it from Dendropanax Chevalieri by this character. However,
there are transitions between them and a sharp line of distinction is difficult to
draw. The final decision must await a larger series of specimens from certain
regions.
la. Dendropanax Chevalieri var. dentigerus (Harms) comb. nov.
Gilibertia dentigera Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jarhb. 29: 487. 1900; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 186. 1924; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 692. 1933.
Gilibertia sinensis Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 24. 1924, pro parte.
Gilibertia intercedens Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 88:
305. 1939; Merr. Brittonia 4: 132. 1941, pro parte.
Textoria dentigera Nakai, Jour. Jap. Bot. 15: 8. 1939.
Dendropanax dentigerus Merr. Brittonia 4: 132. 1941.
Leaves remotely and minutely denticulate.
CHEKIANG: Changhua, Ff. N. Meyer 1530 (AA).
Krancst: In monte Dunghwa-schan inter Schitscheng et Ninghwa, Wang-Tc-Hui 319
(isotype of Gilibertia intercedens Hand.-Maz., AA); Kui-chi and Ning-du, H. H. Hu 1265
(AA); Tsoongjen, Y. Tsiang 10127 (NY), 10157 (NY); Kiennan District, Sai Hang
Cheung, near Tung Lei Village, S. K. Lau 3949 (AA); Lungnan District, Oochi Shan,
near Lam Uk Tung Village, S. K. Lau 4428 (AA).
Hunan: Yun-schan, Wukang, Handel-Maszzetti 672 = 12309 (AA), 839 = 12407 (AA);
Chang-ning Hsien, Shih-tse-yuen, C. S. Fan and Y. Y. Li 341 (AA).
SzECHUAN: Nan-chuan, Mao-p’o-shan, C. Bock and A. Rosthorn 750 (woLotyPE of
Gilibertia dentigera Harms, photo. and merotype in AA); Mapien Hsien, F. T. Wang
23615 (AA).
Kwericuow: Tuyun, Y. Tsiang 6764 (NY); Fan Chin Shan, Mo Chao Ho, Chiao and
Cheo 807 (AA, NY, W).
KwanctunG: Wung Yuen District, Tsung Wan Shan, Wong Chuk I, S. K. Lau 2415
(AA).
Fukien: Yenping, Shih-sin-keng Village, H. H. Chung 2855 (AA); Kuliang, H. H.
Chung 6608 (AA).
42 SARGENTIA , [2
This variety, like the species, includes material having simple solitary umbels
(Fan & Li 341, Tsiang 10127, Handel-Mazzetti 839 = 12407) and compound
inflorescences, in its variable inflorescence characters conforming’ to the species.
2. Dendropanax stellatus sp. nov.
Frutex circa 1 m. altus. Foliis subchartaceis glabris petiolatis ovato-oblongis,
7-18 cm. longis, 2-5 cm. latis, glanduloso-punctatis, glandulis semipellucidis rufo-
fulvis, apice acuminatis, basi late acutis vel rotundatis, 3-nerviis, margine in-
tegris, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-12, utrinque elevatis conspicuis, adscenden-
tibus, prope margine anastomosantibus, venis tertiariis obscuris; petiolis 0.5-4.5
cm. longis. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescentiis fructigeris umbellatis terminalibus
solitariis glabris, umbella circiter 20 fructus gerente, pedunculis 1.5 cm. longis,
pedicellis 8 mm. longis. Fructu (immaturo) globoso 5-loculari, 3.5 mm. dia-
metro, stylis 5, 1.5 mm. longis, ad medium connatis, supra divaricatis.
Kwancsi: San Chiang Hsien, Lao Pao K’ou, A. N. Steward and H. C. Cheo 1054
(type, AA), Sept. 12, 1935.
The leaves resemble those of Dendropanax oligodontus Merr. & Chun in tex-
ture and shape but differ in their entire margins. The styles are distinct and
divergent above, while in D. oligodontus they are united throughout their length
into a single erect column. The species differs from D. Chevalieri (Viguier)
Merr. in the leaves being thinner, ovate-oblong in shape, and with ascending and
anastomosing lateral nerves and obscure tertiary veins, as well as in the style
character.
Fig. 6. Dendropanax confertus; 1. branchlet with infructescence, X 4%; 2. fruit, X 2.
3. Dendropanax confertus sp. nov. Fig. 6.
Planta arborescens 2-20 m. alta. Foliis chartaceis glabris petiolatis ovato-
ellipticis, 6-12 cm. longis, 2-4.5 cm. latis, glanduloso-punctatis, glandulis semi-
pellucidis rufo-fulvis, apice longe acuminatis, basi late cuneatis, 3-nerviis, margine
integris vel leviter distanter serrulatis, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 10-16, utrin-
que subconspicuis, venis tertiariis obscuris; petiolis 0.5—-5 cm. longis. Floribus
ignotis. Inflorescentiis fructigeris terminalibus solitariis umbellatis glabris, bre-
viter pedunculatis, umbella valde fructigera, pedunculis 0.5 cm. longis, pedicellis
3-4 mm. longis. Fructibus globosis 6 mm. crassis, angularibus, plus minusve
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 43
confertis, stylis 5 brevissimis, 1 mm. vel minus longis, ad medium connatis,
apicibus distinctis, divaricatis.
Kwanctunc: Between Wu Tung and Chang Kiang, W. Y. Chun 5789 (AA) ; Lokchang
District, Hwan-kun, near Jui Feng, Y. Tsiang 1331 (AA).
Kwancst: Yao Shan, S. S. Sin 11346 (NY), 11742 (NY), C. Wang 40542 (TYPE, AA),
Dec. 4, 1936.
This species is easily recognized by its globose, more or less compactly ar-
ranged fruits with very short styles united below and divergent at their tips.
It resembles Dendropanax parviflorus (Champ.) Benth. in general appearance,
but is easily distinguished by its glandular leaves, larger 5-angled fruits, shorter
pedicels, fewer-flowered umbels, and divergent styles. It is near D. C hevaliert
(Viguier) Merr., differing in the leaves with subconspicuous lateral veins and
obscure tertiary veins, the shorter pedicels and peduncles, and the globose fruits
which are more or less compactly arranged. Moreover, the styles are very short
and united to the middle.
4. Dendropanax angustilobus (Hu) Merr. Brittonia 4: 132. 1941.
Gilibertia angustiloba Hu, Jour. Arn. Arb. 11: 226. 1930; Hu in Hu and Chun, Ic. PI.
Sin. 5: 36. t. 236. 1937.
A shrub, 2 m. tall, the leaves membranaceous, glabrous, narrowly lanceolate,
not lobed or more commonly deeply 2- or 3-lobed, glandular, penninerved or
slightly 3-nerved at the base, the umbels terminal, 2-3 together umbellately or
subracemosely arranged on a short axis. Leaves bright green above, paler be-
neath, with very minute scattered glands, petiolate, to 20 cm. long, about 2 cm.
wide, the apex long-acuminate, the base cuneate to rounded-cuneate, the margins
entire or obscurely and very remotely denticulate, the teeth mucronulate, the lobes,
when present, narrowly lanceolate, slightly narrowed at the base, tapering toward
the apex, the midrib elevated on both surfaces, the lateral nerves about 15-20 or
more on each side, scarcely distinguishable, the tertiary veins obscure; petioles
2-11 cm. long, rufous-scurfy at base, finally glabrous. Inflorescence in terminal
umbels, 2-3 together, to 12 cm. long, the axis short or almost none, bearing about
three umbellately or subracemosely arranged 10—-15-flowered umbels, the bracts
triangular-lanceolate, acute, 12 mm. long, the peduncles 1—2.5 cm. long, rufous-
scurfy, with minute scaly bracteoles at the base. Calyx rufous-scurfy, minutely
5-dentate. Petals 5 or 6, ovate, 4 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5 or 6. Ovary
5- or 6-celled, the styles united into a single column, the stigmas punctiform.
Fruit globose, 6 mm. in diameter, the style-column persistent, the pedicels slender,
to 2 cm. long, scabrid.
Kwancsi: Shih-wan-dar-shan, south of Nanning, R. C. Ching 8019 (HoLotTyPE, isotype,
NY, merotype, AA) ; Shang-sze District, Shap Man Taai Shan, Tang Lung Village, W. T.
Tsang 24235 (AA).
This species is characterized by its membranaceous, lanceolate, mostly deeply
2- or 3-lobed leaves with obscure veinlets and scattered minute glands. It re-
sembles Dendropanax proteus (Champ.) Benth. and D. acuminatissimus Merr.
in general appearance, but may be readily distinguished by the presence of glands
in its much thinner leaves. Hu (in Hu and Chun, Ic. Pl. Sin. 5: 36. 1937) men-
tions that “in specimens from three provinces, there is found not a single entire
leaf or any departure from the deeply lobed type, a very important diagnostic
character for this species.” However, Tsang 24235, which clearly belongs to
this species, has the lower leaves mostly entire and the upper ones 3-lobed.
5. Dendropanax oligodontus Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 151. 1940; Merr. Brittonia
4: 133. 1941.
A shrub, 1-3 m. tall, the leaves chartaceous, glabrous, oblong to oblong-elliptic,
not lobed or deeply 2- or 3-lobed, glandular, 3-nerved, the umbels terminal, soli-
44 SARGENTIA [2
tary or 2-5 together subumbellately arranged on a short rachis. Leaves firmly
chartaceous, petiolate, 9-17 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, with reddish-brown trans-
lucent glands, the apex slenderly acuminate, the base acute to subrounded, 3-
nerved, the margins entire below, distinctly and irregularly serrulate or subentire
in the upper half, the lateral nerves about 8-10 on each side, slender, ascending,
anastomosing, elevated and conspicuous on both surfaces, the tertiary veins
obscure; petioles 1-4 cm. long. Inflorescence in terminal umbels, solitary or
2-5 subumbellately arranged on a terminal rachis up to 1 cm. long, the umbels
about 2 cm. in diameter, 10—30-flowered, the peduncles 1—1.5 cm. long, the pedicels
4-6 mm. long. Calyx glabrous, 2 mm. long, minutely 5-dentate. Petals 2 mm.
long, glabrous. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles united into a column
about 1 mm, long. Fruit globose, about 5-6 mm. across, 5-seeded or 2—4-seeded
by abortion, the style-column persistent, about 2 mm. long.
Hainan: Po-ting, F. C. How 73528 (norotyre, AA), S. K. Lau 28169 (AA), 28337
AA).
This species is characterized by its relatively thin, rather many-nerved, and
glandular-punctate leaves, which are commonly distantly and irregularly serrulate
in the upper part. The leaves of this species are variable in size and shape. The
type-specimen has all leaves unlobed, with only one being imperfectly 2-lobed.
Lau 28337 has all leaves unlobed, while Lau 28169 has only one unlobed leaf and
the rest all 3-lobed. These two specimens are fruiting ones with firmer leaves
than the type.
ey)
/
Fig. 7. Dendropanax productus; 1. branchlet with infructescence, X 1%; 2. fruit, X 4.
6. Dendropanax productus sp. nov. Fig. 7.
Frutex circa 1.5 m. altus. Foliis subcoriaceis glabris petiolatis obovato-ob-
longis, 5-11 cm. longis, 1.5-4 cm. latis, glanduloso-punctatis, glandulis semi-
pellucidis rufo-fulvis, apice longe acuminatis, basi cuneatis, 3-nerviis, margine
integris, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circa 6-10 adscendentibus, supra conspicuis,
subtus inconspicuis, venis tertiariis obscuris; petiolis 1-2.5 cm. longis. Floribus
ignotis. Inflorescentiis fructigeris umbellatis solitariis terminalibus glabris, um-
bella circiter 20 fructus gerente; pedunculis 2—2.5 cm. longis, pedicellis 1.2 cm.
longis. Fructu oblongo-ovoideo, 7 mm. longo, 3.5 mm. crasso, pentagono, longi-
tudinaliter 5-costato, margine persistente calyce coronato, stylis 1.75 mm. longis,
ad 45 longitudinis connatis, apicibus distinctis, erectis, seminibus 5.
Kwanctunc: Hwei-yang District, Lin-fa-shan, Sam Hang Shek T’an Village, W. T.
Tsang 25945 (typr, AA), Oct. 1-10, 1935.
e
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 45
This species is near Dendropanax Chevalieri (Viguier) Merr., differing in the
narrower leaves with inconspicuous lateral nerves above. Moreover, the fruit is
long and slender, and the styles erect and united for 4% their length.
7. Dendropanax kwangsiensis sp. nov.
Frutex circa 2-3 m. altus. Foliis subchartaceis glabris petiolatis ovato-ellipti-
cis, 4.5-12 cm. longis, 1.5—5 cm. latis, glanduloso-punctatis, glandulis semipellu-
cidis flavidis, apice acuminatis, basi acutis 3-nerviis, margine integris, nervis
lateralibus utrinsecus 8-10, utrinque subconspicuis, venis tertiariis obscuris; pe-
tiolis 0.5-2.5 cm. longis. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescentiis fructigeris terminali-
bus umbellatis, umbellis solitariis vel 2 vel 3 fasciculatis, glabris, breviter pedun-
culatis, umbella circiter 20 fructus gerente, pedunculis 0.5-1 cm. longis, pedicellis
1-1.5 cm. longis. Fructu globoso 5-6 mm. diametro, stylis connatis, columna
persistente, 1-1.5 mm. longa, apice 2—3-fida, seminibus 5 vel 1-3, caeteris abortivis.
Kwancsi: Shang-sze District, Shap Man Taai Shan, Tang Lung Village, W. T. Tsang
24270 (AA, NY); Shang-sze District, Shap Man Taai Shan, Nam She Village, W. T.
Tsang 24765 (type, AA, isotype, NY), Nov. 28, 1934.
This species is near Dendropanax angustilobus (Hu) Merr., differing in the
leaves being slightly thicker, ovate-elliptic in shape, and all unlobed. The fruit
resembles that of the latter except that the style-column is divided at the tip.
8. Dendropanax inflatus sp. nov.
Arbor circa 10 m. alta. Foliis chartaceis glabris petiolatis eglandulosis ovato-
ellipticis, 5.5-13.5 cm. longis, 2.5-5.5 cm. latis, apice acuminatis, basi late acutis
3-nerviis, margine integris, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circa 4-6, supra incon-
spicuis, subtus conspicuis, venis tertiariis supra inconspicuis, subtus conspicuis ;
petiolis 1.5-8 cm. longis. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescentiis fructigeris umbellatis
solitariis terminalibus glabris, umbella circiter 15 fructus gerente, pedunculis 3.5
cm. longis, pedicellis 1.75 cm. longis. Fructu 5-loculari oblongo vel pyriformi,
1-1.5 cm. longo, 7 mm. magno, caeruleo (fide collectoris), in specimine typico
nigro, leviter angulari, in longitudinem costato, stylis 5 persistentibus 2 mm.
longis distinctis divaricatis.
Kwancsi: Ling Wun, S. K. Lau 28812 (typz, AA), July 30, 1937.
The size and shape of the fruit may be due to insect infestation. Although the
fact that modifications possibly caused by insect injury are of no diagnostic value,
the species is further characterized by being the only one in the group with
eglandular leaves that has distinct and divergent styles. The characteristic styles,
as well as the oblong ribbed fruit, are similar to those of Dendropanax Chevalieri
(Viguier) Merr., but the new species is readily distinguished from the latter by
its eglandular leaves.
9. Dendropanax parviflorus (Champ.) Benth. Fl. Hongk. 137. 1861; Seem. Jour. Bot. 2:
301. 1864, Revis. Heder. 27. 1868; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 343.
1888; Dunn & Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 119, 1912; Hand.-Maz. Beih. Bot.
Centralbl. 52B: 170. 1934; Merr. Brittonia 4: 132. 1941.1
Hedera parviflora Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 122. 1852;
Walp. Ann. 5: 84. 1858.
Gilibertia parviflora Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 41. 1894; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924.
Textoria parviflora Nakai var. typica Nakai, Jour. Jap. Bot. 15: 7. 1939.
A shrub, about 2-3 m. high, the leaves membranaceous to chartaceous, glabrous,
elliptic-ovate or oblong, eglandular, 3-nerved, the umbels terminal, solitary or 2
or 3 together. Leaves petiolate, 5-15 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, the apex acuminate,
1 The Malay Peninsula form referred to the species by C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit.
Ind. 2: 733. 1879 is Dendropanax Maingayi King.
46 SARGENTIA [2
the base broadly cuneate, slightly or distinctly 3-nerved, the margins entire, the
lateral nerves 5-8 on each side, subconspicuous on both surfaces, the tertiary
veins obscure ; petioles 0.5-8 cm. or more long. Inflorescence in terminal umbels,
solitary or 2- or 3-fascicled at the branchlet tips, glabrous, the umbels very many-
flowered (about 100 or more), the peduncles 1-1.5 cm. long, thickened at the
tip, the pedicels 0.5—1 cm. long. Calyx glabrous, 1.5 mm. long, the margin 5-
dentate. Petals 5, 1.5 mm. long. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles united
into a column. Fruit globose, about 5 mm. in diameter, the style-column per-
sistent.
Kwancst: Seh-feng-dar-shan, south of Nanning, R. C. Ching 7943 (AA, W); Yao-
shan, C. Wang 39974 (AA), 40072 (AA).
KwanctunG: Hongkong, Champion 390 (nototype of Hedera parviflora Champ.,
photo. and merotype in AA) ; Hongkong, C. Ford s. n. (NY, W); Tsatmukngao, Lienping,
Handel-Mazzetti 589 in part (AA); Yen-wong-chai, Yao-shan, S. S. Sin 11020 (NY);
Tapu District, Tai Mo Shan, W. T. Tsang 21224 (AA, NY); Wung-yuen District, Tsing-
wan-shan, Wong Chuk I, S. K. Lau 2012 (AA), 2325 (AA); Sinfung District, Sha Lo
Shan, Wa Mei T’ong Village, Y. W. Taam 283 (AA).
Zz
4
Fig. 8. Dendropanax ferrugineus; 1. branchlet with inflorescence, X %; 2. flower, X 4;
3. longitudinal section of flower, X 4; 4. fruit, X 2.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 47
This species is closely related to Dendropanax proteus (Champ.) Benth. in its
eglandular leaves, the many-flowered umbels, and the simple style-column. It
can be distinguished by its elliptic-ovate to oblong leaves, which are thinner, 3-
nerved, and invariably entire rather than lobed.
10. Dendropanax ferrugineus sp. nov. Fig. 8.
Frutex parvus circa 1-2 m. altus. Foliis chartaceis vel subchartaceis, supra
viridibus glabris, subtus pallide viridibus, parce ferrugineo-tomentosis, mox gla-
bris, eglandulosis, petiolatis, lanceolatis, elobatis vel profunde 2- vel 3-lobatis, ad
25 cm. longis, 1.5—5 cm. latis, apice longe cuspidato-acuminatis, basi acutis vel
subrotundatis, leviter 3-nerviis, margine remote serrulatis, lobis lanceolatis, basi
paulo angustatis, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 10-16, inconspicuis vel subcon-
spicuis, venis tertiariis obscuris; petiolis gracilibus 4.5-10 cm. longis. Inflores-
centiis terminalibus 4-12 cm. longis, dense ferrugineo-tomentosis, mox glabres-
centibus, axibus brevibus vel elongatis, 1-7 cm. longis, umbellas 2-4 circa
20-floras gerentibus, bracteis oblongis 6 mm. longis; pedunculis 2.5—-5 cm. longis,
bracteolis minimis persistentibus ad basim fultis. Calyce 2.5 cm. longo leviter
ferrugineo-tomentoso 5-dentato, lobis triangularibus obtusis. Petalis 5 trian-
gulari-ovatis 2.5 mm. longis glabris. Staminibus 5. Ovario 5-loculari, stylis in
columnam connatis. Fructu globoso 8 mm. diametro.
KweicHow: Tating, Y. Tsiang 8894 (NY).
Kwancsi1: Yao Shan, C. Wang 40174 (type, AA), Oct. 15, 1936.
Kwanctunc: Wah-shui-shan, border of Yung-yuen and Ying-tak Districts, S. K. Lau
957 (AA, NY).
This distinct species is characterized by its lanceolate, remotely serrulate leaves
which are eglandular and ferruginous-tomentose with scattered hairs beneath
when young. The inflorescence is also densely ferruginous-tomentose when
young. The leaves of Wang 40174 are all entire, those of Tsiang 889 all
3-lobed, while those of Lau 957 are entire as well as 2- and 3-lobed.
11. Dendropanax hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) Chun, Sunyatsenia 4: 247. 1940; Merr.
& Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 152. 1940; Merr. Brittonia 4: 132. 1941.
Gilibertia hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 296. f. 37, 1935.
Textoria hainanensis Nakai, Jour. Jap. Bot. 15: 10. 1939.
A tree 10-18 m. high, the leaves chartaceous, glabrous, oblong-elliptic to
oblong-ovate, eglandular, the base not 3-nerved, the inflorescence formed by sev-
eral umbels, umbellately arranged at the tip of the axis and with 1 or 2 race-
mosely arranged below. Leaves olive to brown, 7-11 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide,
the apex slenderly acute to subcaudate-acuminate, the base acute, the margins
entire, pinnately nerved, the lateral nerves about 8 on each side, subconspicuous
to inconspicuous, the tertiary veins obscure; petioles 1-5 cm. long. Inflorescence
terminal, 6-8 cm. long, glabrous, the main axis 4-5 cm. long, with 4-5 umbels
umbellately arranged at the tip and usually 1 or 2 racemosely arranged below, the
umbels 10—15-flowered, 1.2-1.5 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 2 cm. long, the
pedicels 6 mm. long. Calyx 1.5 mm. long, glabrous, the margin subentire, fim-
briate. Petals 5, ovate-oblong, 1.5 mm. long, glabrous, reflexed. Stamens 5,
the filaments as long as the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the styles united into a
single column, the stigmas punctate. Fruit globose, about 1 cm. in diameter,
slightly 5-angular.
Kwetcuow: Kweiting, Y. Tsiang 5475 (NY); Ta Yo Yen, Fan Chin Shan, Steward,
Chiao, and Cheo 374 (AA, W).
Kwancst: Chu Fang Shan, Shan Fan, north of Luchen, R. C. Ching 5918 (NY); Yeo
Mar Shan, north of Lin Yen, R. C. Ching 7213 (NY); Bako Shan, western Poseh, R. C.
Ching 7490 (NY); Shang-sze District, Shap Man Taai Shan, W. T. Tsang 22406 (AA),
22575 (AA), 22601 (AA); Yao Shan, C. Wang 39584 (AA), 40070 (AA), 40466 (AA).
KwAanctunG: Wan Tong Shan, H. Y. Liang 60149 (AA).
48 SARGENTIA [2
Hatinan: Fan Yah, N. K. Chun & C. L..Tso 44103 (HoLotyrrE, NY, isotype, AA) ;
Neg Chi Leng, N. K. Chin & C. L. Tso 44156 (paratype, NY, isoparatype, AA) ; Loktung,
S. K. Lau 27343 (AA).
This species is near Dendropanax Chevalieri (Viguier) Merr. but is readily
distinguishable by its lack of basal marginal nerves and its relatively incon-
spicuous lateral nerves.
12, Dendropanax proteus (Champ.) Benth. Fl. Hongk. 136. 1861; Seem. Jour. Bot. 2:
301. 1864, Revis. Heder. 27. 1868; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 343.
1888; Dunn & Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 119. 1912; Merr. Brittonia 4: 134.
1941,
Hedera protea Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 122. 1852;
Walp. Ann. 5: 84. 1858.
Gilibertia protea Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 41. 1894; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186, 1924.
Mesopanax proteus Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 6: 104. 1906.
Textoria protea Nakai, Jour. Jap. Bot. 15: 8. 1939.
A shrub 2-3 m. high, the leaves coriaceous, glabrous, broadly elliptic to oblong
or lanceolate, entire or deeply 3-lobed, eglandular, the entire leaves penninerved,
the bases of the 3-lobed leaves prominently 3-nerved, both types occasionally
occurring on the same branchlet, the umbels terminal, solitary or 2 or 3 together.
Leaves petiolate, unlobed or sometimes deeply 3-lobed, broadly elliptic to oblong
or lanceolate, 2.5-15 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base
cuneate, 3-nerved in the 3-lobed leaves, penninerved in the entire leaves, the
margins entire, the lateral nerves 5-10 on each side, inconspicuous, the tertiary
veins obscure ; petioles 0.2-5 cm. long. Inflorescence in terminal umbels, solitary
or 2 or 3 together, glabrous, the umbels very many-flowered (30-100), the pedun-
cles 0.5—2 cm. long, dilate at the tip, the pedicels 0.5—1 cm. long. Calyx glabrous,
the margin 5-dentate. Petals 5, 2 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5. Ovary
5-celled, the styles united into a column. Fruit globose, 5 mm. in diameter, the
style-column persistent.
Kwancsi: Shang-sze District, Shap Man Taai Shan, Tang Lung Village, W. T. Tsang
24016 (AA, NY).
Kwanctunc: Hongkong, Champion s. n. (HoLoTYPE of Hedera protea Champ., photo.
and merotype in AA) ; Hongkong, Wight 180 (G, W), Herb. Hongk. 924 (AA) ; Hongkong,
Happy Valley, Herb. Hongk. 10198 (AA); Lofaushan, Merrill 10327 (NY); Hongkong,
New Territory, Tai Ue Mountain, Fung Hom 166 = LU19474 (NY); Mei District, Yam
Na Shan, W. T. Tsang 21316 (AA).
This species is very variable in the shape and size of its leaves and the length
of its petioles. It is closely allied to Dendropanax parviflorus (Champ.) Benth.
and D. acuminatissimus Merr., which also have eglandular leaves. It differs from
the former in its generally more lanceolate leaves, which are without basal nerves,
more coriaceous, frequently lobed, and with less discernible nerves. It can be
distinguished from the latter by its much thicker leaves with inconspicuous nerves
and its more numerously flowered umbels.
13. Dendropanax acuminatissimus Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. 13: 152. 1918, Brittonia 4:
131. 1941.
Gilibertia acuminatissina Hu, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 232. 1924; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China
1: 186. 1924; Chun, Sunyatsenia 1: 279. 1934.
Textoria parviflora Nakai var. acuminatissima Nakai, Jour. Jap. Bot. 15: 7. 1939.
A slender erect shrub, 3-4 m. high, the leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous,
glabrous, lanceolate, eglandular, penninerved, the umbels terminal, solitary or in
threes. Leaves petiolate, 7-11 cm. long, 1—2 cm. wide, the apex slenderly caudate-
acuminate, the base acute, penninerved, the margins entire, the lateral nerves
1942) LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 49
10-13 on each side, spreading-ascending, anastomosing, subconspicuous to indis-
tinct above, inconspicuous beneath, the tertiary veins obscure; petioles 1-3.5 cm.
long. Inflorescence in terminal umbels, solitary or in threes, 10—-15-flowered,
about 2 cm. across, the peduncles 5—10 mm. long, the bracteoles linear, 2-8 mm.
long, caducous, the pedicels about 6 mm. long. Calyx glabrous, about 3 mm.
long, the margin minutely 5-dentate. Petals 5, ovate to oblong-ovate, 2.5 mm.
long. Stamens 5, the filaments about 2 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles
united into a single column, short, furrowed. Fruit globose, 6 mm. in diameter,
the style-column persistent.
Kwancst: Waitsap District, Tongshan, near Sap-luk Po Village, W. T. Tsang 22847
(AA).
Kwanotunc: Canton, C. O. Levine CCC1315 (AA, G, W); Lofaushan, Merrill 10187
(11oLotyPE, NY, isotype, LU); Sinfung District, Sha Lo Shan, Wai Me Tong Village,
Y. W. Taam 123 (AA).
This species is characterized by its very narrowly lanceolate leaves which are
not lobed and which lack lateral basal nerves. It is related to Dendropanax pro-
teus (Champ.) Benth. and D. angustilobus (Hu) Merr., but can be distinguished
from the former by its thinner leaves, more distinct and more numerous lateral
nerves, and from the latter by the absence of glands in the leaves. Nakai (l.c.)
treats this as a variety of Dendropanax parviflorus (Champ.) Benth., but I
think it is closer to D. proteus.
VII. Hepera Linnaeus
Hedera Linn. Gen. ed. 1. 56. 1737, Sp. Pl. 202. 1753.
Evergreen shrubs, climbing by aerial rootlets. Leaves glabrous, simple, entire
or coarsely lobed or dentate; stipules wanting. Flowers in solitary or racemose
umbels, the bracts very small; pedicels not.articulate under the flower. Calyx-
margin subentire or 5-dentate. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5, the anthers oval.
Ovary 5-celled. Styles connate into a short column. Fruit globose, berry-like,
5-celled, the seeds ovoid; albumen ruminate.
Five species in Europe, North Africa, and Asia.
Type species: Hedera Helix Linn.
Hedera Helix Linn. is introduced and planted in different parts of China, espe-
cially in the coastal provinces. There are many forms in cultivation, but I have
seen only a single sterile Chinese specimen and am unable to determine which
variety is represented (Fukien: Koo Long Ue, Yen’s Garden, F. A. McClure
pepe 1039235. {LU, NYP},
1. Hedera nepalensis K. Koch var. sinensis (Tobl.) Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 4: 250.
1923, 8: 180. 1927, 9: 99. 1928; Chun, Sunyatsenia 1: 280. 1934.
Hedera Helix sensu Hance, Jour. Bot. 20: 6. 1882; Franch. Pl. David. 2: 67. 1888; Forbes
& Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 343. 1888; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 487.
1900; Diels, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 258, 288. 1912; Dunn & Tutch. Kew Bull. Add.
Ser. 10: 120. 1912; Lévl. Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 34. 1914, Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915; Cour-
tois, Notes Bot. Chine Mus. Heude 2: 55. 1933; non Linn.
Hedera himalaica Tobl. var. sinensis Tobl. Gatt. Hedera. 79. f. 39-42. 1912.
Hedera himalaica sensu Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 555. 1916; Chung, Mem.
Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924; non Tobl.
Hedera sinensis Tobl. Gatt. Hedera. 80. 1912; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924;
Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 693. 1933.
A scandent shrub, to 20 m. long, with aerial roots. Indumentum on young
growth scaly, the scales with 15-20 rays. Leaves simple, petiolate, exstipulate,
coriaceous, glabrous, dark green above, pale or yellowish beneath, those of sterile
branches triangular-ovate to triangular-oblong, 5-12 cm. long, 3-10 cm. wide,
50 SARGENTIA [2
entire or 3-lobed, usually truncate at the base, those of fertile branches elliptic-
ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, 2-10 cm. wide, the apex acuminate,
the base broadly cuneate, the margins entire, the lateral nerves and tertiary veins
manifest on both surfaces; petioles scaly, 1-8 cm. long. Inflorescence in umbels,
few to many, the peduncles 1-2.5 cm. long, the bracts small, triangular, 2-3 mm.
long, the pedicels 0.8-1 cm. long, pubescent. Calyx 2 mm. long, pubescent, the
margin subentire. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 3 mm. long, slightly pubescent
outside. Stamens 5, the filaments 2-3 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles
connate into a short conical column. Fruit globose, yellow or red, about 0.8-1
cm. across, the style-column ultimately 1-2 mm. long.
Kansu: Southwestern Kansu, near Siku, F. N. Meyer 2007 (AA); southern Kansu,
Mountains of Motzuping, J. R. Rock 12063 (AA).
SHENSI: Hou-kio-zaez, J. Giraldi s. n. (AA); Tai-pei-shan, W. Purdom 1011 (AA,
W) ; Hantschung, Fenzel 976 (AA).
Krancsu: Shanghai, D. Macgregor 30 (AA).
CuEKIANG: No precise locality, Barchet 198 (W), Chekiang Univ. LU77714 (LU);
Ningpo, D. Macgregor s. n. (AA); Chu-hsien, Chu-chow, H. H. Hu 534 (AA, LU, NY);
Taichow, R. C. Ching 1302 (LU, W); Yen Tang Shan, C. Y. Chiao UN14755 (AA, W);
no precise locality, S. Chen 889 (AA).
AnuwWEI: Chu Hwa Shan, R. C. Ching 2621 (AA, LU).
Hunan: Hsikwangschan, Hsinhwa, Handel-Mazzetti 589 in part = 11753 (AA); Yun-
schan, Wukang, Wang-Te-Hui 104 (AA, W); Sinning Hsien, Ma-ling-tung, S. C. Fan &
ei e114 GOe CAA),
Huren: No precise locality, Henry 1258 (W), 2984 (G); Ichang, Henry 3261 (AA,
G), 3341 (G); Hsin Shan, Wilson s. n. (NY); Ichang, Wilson 2437 (AA, G, W); Tien-
pong-scian, Silvestri 1613 (AA); Enshih Hsien, H. C. Chow 1960 (AA, NY); Chienshih
Hsien, H. C. Chow 1721 (AA, NY).
SZECHUAN: Muli, Handel-Mazzetti 7540 (AA): between Baor and Tha, H. Smith 4858
(AA); Muli, Mt. Mitzuga, J. F. Rock 18270 (AA, NY, W); Tien-chuan Hsien, W. P.
Fang 3436 (AA, NY) ; Nan-chuan Hsien, W. P. Fang 5630 (AA, NY, W), 5717 (AA, NY),
5785 (AA, NY); Omei Shan, W. P. Fang 3140 (AA, NY), 6691 (AA), Tt. Yu 467
(AA), 531 (AA), Y. S. Liu 1431 (AA), C. Y. Chiao & S. C. Fan 310 (AA); Shih-tsien
Hsien, Y. Tsiang 4123 (AA); Ping-shan Hsien, F. T. Wang 22762 (AA); Kuan Hsien,
S. S. Chien 5702 (AA). :
SIKANG: Tachienlu, A. E. Pratt 789 (G).
YUNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 9856 (AA, NY), 9856A (AA, NY); Yuanchuang, Henry
13304 (AA, W) ; Shweli-Salwin divide, Forrest 499 (AA): no precise locality, Forrest 9245
(AA), 9395 (AA), 11357 (AA); Yunnanfu, Handel-Mazszetti 173 (W); Yunnanfu bei
Pichiquan, C. Schneider 156 (AA, G) ; zwischen Yunnanfu und San-ying-pan bei Schin-lung,
C. Schneider 320 (AA); San-ying-pan, Yunnanfu, C. Schneider 409 (AA); prope pagum
Hoji in valle Sung-quah, C. Schneider 3059 (AA, G, W); inter Hoching et Sung Kweh,
C. Schneider 3267 (AA, G); Kouty, Pei Yen Tsin, S. Ten 600 (AA, W); District of
Likiang, Yangtze watershed, J. F. Rock 5523 (AA, NY, W); back of Nguluke, western end
Likiang plain, J. F. Rock 5756 (AA, NY, W); Shweli River drainage basin to summit of
Shweli-Salwin watershed east of Tengyueh, J. F. Rock 7626 (AA, NY, W); Yen-shan,
H. T. Tsai 51446 (AA); Lan-pin Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54085 (AA), 56119 (AA); Wei-si
Hsien, H. T. Tsai 57816 (AA), 57868 (AA), 59594 (AA), 59847 (AA), 59890 (AA),
59919 (AA); Mekong, Tsawarung, C. W. Wang 661344 (AA); Dzer-nar, Tsawarung,
C. W. Wang 66351 (AA); Soo-roo-la, Champutong, C. W. Wang 66655 (AA); Wei-si
Hsien, C. W. Wang 67699 (AA); Li-kiang Hsien, C. W. Wang 70469 (AA); no precise
locality, T. T. Vii 5264 (AA), 7945 (AA), 10422 (AA); Chungtien Plateau, T. T. Yii
11322 (AA) ; Kiukiang Valley, Taron, Muchielu, T. T. Yii 21006 (AA); Kiukiang Valley,
Kungming, T. T. Yii 20547 (AA) ; Likiang, Wan-feng-tze, K. M. Feng 275 (AA) ; Ru-shu-
tong, Hot Spring, near To-kwan-chen, on the banks of the Yangtze River, North of Likiang
Snow Range, K. M. Feng 565 (AA); northwestern Likiang, Tachen on the Yangtze River,
R. C. Ching 21891 (AA) ; Likiang Valley, R. C. Ching 30021 (AA).
Kweicnow: Holupai, Tungtze, Y. Tsiang 905 (W); Anlung, Y. Tsiang 7452 (AA,
NY, W); Tseh-heng, Y. Tsiang 9272 (AA, NY); Fan Ching Shan, Ching-chio-ping, Ta
Ho Yen, Steward, Chiao, & Cheo 694 (AA, NY, W).
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 51
KwanctunG: Maan Chi Shaan, W. T. Tsang CCC8732 (LU, W); Yam Na Mt., Chan
Kwai Shang 139 = LU14169 (LU) ; between Wu-tung and Chiang-kiang, W. Y. Chun 5782
(AA) ; Loh-chang District, Chong Uen Shan near Kau Fung, W. T. Tsang 20652 (AA, NY,
W); Wung-kuen District, Fan Shin Shan, S. K. Lau 2642 (AA) ; Bird Gorge, Lofaushan,
F. P. Metcalf 17627 (LU); Jen-hwa District, Man Chi Shan, Shek-pik-ha Village, W. T.
Tsang 26148 (AA).
Kwancst: Yeo Mar Shan, northern Hin Yen, R. C. Ching 7203 (LU, NY).
Fuxren: Central Fukien, Hongk. Herb. 2760 (AA, NY); Kuliang Hills near Foochow,
J. B. Norton 1345 (W) ; Kuliang and vicinity, Tang Sui Ging 6765 (AA).
The Chinese plant is very close to the Himalayan species. It chiefly differs in
the lobes of the leaves on the sterile branches; these leaves are more or less
pinnately lobed with 2-5 lobes on each side in the Himalayan plant and only 3-
lobed in the Chinese plant. The leaves are also usually longer and narrower in
Himalayan specimens. Material in herbaria has often been variously referred to
Hedera himalaica Tobl., Hedera Helix Linn., Gilibertia sinensis Nakai —= Den-
dropanax Chevaliert (Viguier) Merr., and Dendropanax proteus (Champ.)
Benth.
VIII. Brassatopsts Decaisne & Planchon
Brassaiopsis Decne. & Planch. Rev. Hort. IV. 3: 106. 1854.
Large shrubs or trees, glabrous or tomentose, armed or not. Leaves pal-
mately lobed, with sinuses of variable depth, or digitately compound; stipules
connate within the petiole, not prominent. Flowers often polygamous, in umbels
in large compound panicles, stellate-tomentose while young, the bracts small, often
persistent ; pedicels rising from a dense cluster of persistent bracteoles, not articu-
late under the flower. Calyx-margin 5-dentate. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5,
the anthers oval. Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2, united, long or short. Fruit
broadly globose or turbinate, 2-seeded or 1-seeded by abortion; seeds not com-
pressed ; endosperm uniform or ruminate.
About 20 species distributed from India, Burma, and South China to the
Malay Archipelago.
Type species: Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Bl.) Regel (Brassaiopsis speciosa
Decne. & Planch.).
Key To SPECIES AND VARIETIES
A. Leaves palmately lobed (Section I. Palmatae Harms).
B. Lobes divided less than half way down the leaf, their bases very broad ...1. B. Hainla.
BB. Lobes divided more than half way down the leaf, their bases more or less narrowed.
C. Inflorescence prickly.
D. Leaves coriaceous, the lobes about 10, spinosely serrulate; petiole densely prickly.
2. B. hispida.
DD. Leaves chartaceous, the lobes about 5-7, ciliate-serrate; petiole sparsely prickly.
3. B. ciliata.
CC. Inflorescence unarmed.
D. Lobes strongly narrowed at the base, with pseudopetiolules.
E. Pseudopetiolules short, narrowly winged, the lobes very deep, divided to % the
length of the leaf |... :. J:- Gesu ee ee bdo hcc ccs cvcess 4. B. dumicola.
EE. Pseudopetiolules long, widely winged, the lobes divided to 45 the length of the
err lll. 5. B. palmipes.
DD. Lobes slightly narrowed at the base.
E. Lobes 3, rarely 46, ..... «..:s cca ts UE. cree eh ks 6. B. ficifolia.
BE. Lobes. 7-9) ooo s ois case aoa cn tI Bono's ao 6 0a ol 7. B. fatsioides.
oe SARGENTIA [2
AA, Leaves digitately compound (Section II. Digitatae Harms).
Jobo d SEATS ISO ASCH Os to) ee a oe AS era 8. B. tripteris.
BB. Leaflets petiolulate, 3-9. ¢
C. Petiolules stout, 1.5-2.5 cm. long; leaves densely ferruginous-bristly.
9. B. chenkangensis.
CC. Petiolules slender, 1-4.5 cm. or more long; leaves glabrous to sparsely setose or
ferruginous-tomentose.
D. Leaflets membranaceous, sparsely setose above, glabrous beneath, not ferruginous-
HSETIGHILOGE Ae 5 Secs ic ale Sead aie 4 pain 0 asa alaeica 4g: Siavalni'e. 0:0 RRO gee eee 10. B. gracilis.
DD. Leaflets membranaceous to chartaceous or coriaceous, glabrous to ferruginous-
tomentose, never setose.
E. Leaflets small, 9-18 X 2.5-4.5 cm., narrow, ovate-lanceolate, very long-acuminate.
11. B. acuminata.
EE. Leaflets large, 15-25 X 6-10 cm., elliptic-oblong, long- or short-acuminate.
F. Leaflets narrowly cuneate at the base; petiolules 1 cm. long, ferruginous-
LOMMETITOSE TORSUDZIADLOUS! 6o)c 54's ois lelk oases Seis pore tueeoreane siete 12. B. shweliensis.
FF. Leaflets broad-cuneate to rounded at the base; petiolules 2-9 cm. long, gla-
brous.
G. Inflorescence paniculate.
H Pedicels of fruits: 1.2-1.5 cm. long ........s06.s054 65 13. B. glomerulata.
HH. Pedicels of fruits 5-7 mm. long. .13a. B. glomerulata var. brevipedicellata.
G. Inflorescence corymbose-paniculate.
H. Leaflets coriaceous; pedicels of fruits about 1 cm. long.
13b. B. glomerulata var. coriacea.
HH. Leaflets subchartaceous; pedicels of fruits 2.5 cm. long.
13c. B. glomerulata var. longipedicellata.
1. Brassaiopsis Hainla (Ham.) Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 291. 1864, Revis. Heder. 18. 1868;
C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 735. 1879; Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.
39: 425. 1911; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin.
7: 693. 1933.
Hedera Hainla Ham. in D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 187. 1825.
A prickly tree 8-15 m. tall, with chartaceous palmately 5-lobed leaves, the lobes
divided to less than half-way down the leaf, and with large terminal panicles
formed by umbels, the young parts stellate-tomentose. Leaves 15-25 cm. across,
petiolate, stipulate, the base cordate ; lobes about 5, divided to %; the length of the
leaf, triangular, 8-10 cm. long, 7-9 cm. wide, the apex cuspidate, the base broad,
the margins subspinosely serrate, slightly pubescent above, soon glabrescent to
glabrous, sparingly stellate-pubescent beneath, the lateral nerves distinct on both
surfaces; petioles pubescent at first, soon glabrescent, 15-20 cm. long; stipules
not prominent. Inflorescence in large terminal panicles, pubescent at first, the
flowers in umbels, these many-flowered, 5 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 4-5 cm.
long, the bracts triangular, 5 mm. long, densely stellate-pubescent, persistent, the
pedicels 1 cm. long, arising from a dense cluster of bracteoles 2 mm. long and
very densely pubescent. Calyx pubescent, 2 mm. long. Petals 5, pubescent
outside. Stamens 5, the filaments 3 mm. long. Ovary 2-celled, the disk elevated,
the styles united into a column. Fruit globose, subdidymous, about 8 mm. across,
the style-column 3 mm. long.
Yunnan: No precise locality, Forrest 8192 (AA), 9670 (AA), 12848 (AA, NY, W),
26172 (NY), 26207 (AA, NY); Szemao, Henry 11882 (AA, W); Yuan-chiang, Henry
1329 (AA, NY); between Mopo and Man-pieh, J. F. Rock 2928 (AA, W) ; Mong-ka, H. T.
Tsai 56305 (AA), 56809 (AA); Lung-ling Hsien, H. T. Tsai 55510 (AA); Lan-tsang
Hsien, C. W. Wang 76858 (AA); Shunning, Huilungsu, T. T. Yii 16135 (AA); Salwin
Valley, T. T. Yii 22058 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION : India.
A species closely related to Brassaiopsis palmata Kurz, from which it may be
distinguished by its leaves divided less than halfway down into triangular seg-
ments, while in B. palmata the leaves are divided into oblong segments. The
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA a5
several Chinese specimens in herbaria referred to B. palmata are B. Hainla Seem.
Apparently B. palmata is not found in China.
2. Brassaiopsis hispida Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 291. 1864, Revis. Heder. 18. 1868; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 736. 1879; Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39:
425. 1911; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7:
694. 1933.
An armed shrub, 1-5 m. tall, with prickly petioles and coriaceous deeply pal-
mately 10-lobed leaves, the lobes spinosely serrate, and with prickly terminal
panicles formed by many-flowered umbels. Prickles numerous, lanceolate, com-
pressed, deflexed. Leaves about 30 cm. across, petiolate, stipulate, yellowish
when dry ; lobes about 10, oblong-lanceolate, divided to % the length of the leaf,
20-30 cm. long, 7-9 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, narrowed toward base, the
margins spinosely serrate, glabrous above, glabrous or sparingly hispidulous be-
neath, the lateral nerves and tertiary veins distinct above, very prominent beneath;
petioles prickly, 20 cm. long; stipules united within the petioles, the apices free,
linear. Inflorescence in terminal panicles, prickly, the flowers in umbels, the
umbels many-flowered, 3 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 5 cm. long, prickly, the
bracts lanceolate, 1 cm. long, tomentose, persistent, the pedicels ferruginous-
tomentose, 1 cm. long, the bracteoles numerous, lanceolate, tomentose. Calyx
densely tomentose, 2 mm. long, the margins 5-dentate. Petals 5, 2-3 mm. long,
glabrous on both surfaces. Stamens 5, the filaments 2 mm. long. Ovary 2-celled,
the disk elevated, hemispherical, the styles united into a column, 1 mm. long.
Yunnan: Shang-pa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54951 (AA); Chiu-kiang, west of Champutung,
C. W. Wang 67568 (AA) ; Taron-Taru Divide, Ducahwang, T. T. Vii 20875 (AA).
This species can be distinguished from its allies, B. fatsioides Harms and B.
ciliata Dunn, by its prickly stem, panicles, and petioles, and the spinosely serrate
leaves.
3. Brassaiopsis ciliata Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 499. 1903; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 187. 1924; Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 15: 115. 1934.
Acanthopanax Bodinieri Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 143. 1914, FI. Kouy-Tchéou
33. 1914.
An armed shrub about 2 m. tall, with sparsely bristle-prickly petioles, char-
taceous deeply palmately 5—7-lobed leaves, the margins ciliate-serrate, and with
prickly paniculate inflorescence formed by umbels. Leaves about 30 cm. across,
petiolulate, the base round-cordate ; lobes 5—7, divided to 34 the length of the leaf,
oblong, about 15-20 cm. long, 8-12 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the margins
ciliate-serrate, sparsely bristly above and on the nerves beneath, the lateral nerves
prominent on both surfaces, the tertiary veins subconspicuous ; petioles sparsely
bristle-prickly, 20 cm. or more long. Inflorescence in panicles, the main axis and
branches prickly, the flowers in umbels, the umbels racemosely arranged. Fruit
didymo-globose or ovoid, 7-8 mm. across, 2-seeded, the disk small, 3-4 mm.
across, about 4 the length of the fruit, the style-column 2 mm. long, the pedicels
slender, 2 cm. long.
SZECHUAN: Mt. Omei, Y. S. Liu 1726 (AA).
Yunnan: Feng Chen Lin Peak, Henry 9180 (AA, NY); Mengtze, Henry 9180A
(isotype, W); Wen-shan Hsien, H. T. Tsai 51890 (AA).
KweicHow: Gan-pin, L. Martin 1924 (holotype of Acanthopanax Bodinieri Lévl., photo.
in AA); Tuhshan, Y. Tsiang 6916 (NY).
Kwancsi: Ling-yun Hsien, Loh Hoh Tseun, Steward & Cheo 402 (AA).
A species allied to Brassaiopsis fatsioides Harms, from which it may be easily
distinguished by the presence of prickles on the main axis and branches of the
inflorescence. The Szechuan specimen cited above is sterile. Its petiole bears
scattered strong prickles. A photograph of Henry 9180 in Kew Herbarium by
54 SARGENTIA [2
R. C. Ching is in the herbarium of New York Botanical Garden, the specimen
being labeled B. hispida Seem. var. chinensis Dunn. It is identical with Henry
9180 (AA) cited above. The differences between B. hispida and B. ciliata are
given in the discussion of the former.
4. Brassaiopsis dumicola W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 11. 1917; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924.
A prickly shrub, 6-9 m. tall, with chartaceous deeply palmately 9-lobed leaves,
the leaves subspinose-serrulate, narrowed below forming narrowly winged pseudo-
petiolules, and with tomentose to glabrescent panicles formed by many-flowered
umbels. Leaves 30 cm. or more across, petiolate, stipulate, the base cordate ;
lobes about 9, divided to % the length of the leaf, oblong, 12-18 cm. long, the
apex acuminate, the base much narrowed forming narrowly winged pseudopetio-
lules, the margins subspinose-serrulate, at first white to ferruginous stellate-
tomentose on both surfaces, soon glabrescent to glabrous, the lateral nerves
prominent beneath ; petioles 9-15 cm. long, ferruginous-tomentose ; stipules united
within the petioles, the apices free, elongate, about 1 cm. long. Inflorescence a
panicle to 35 cm. long, tomentose to glabrescent, the main axis stout, the flowers
in umbels, the umbels 3 cm. in diameter, many-flowered, the peduncles 3-5 cm.
long, stout, the bracts ovate, 1 cm. long, the pedicels 1 cm. long, densely ferru-
ginous-tomentose. Calyx tomentose, 4 mm. long, 5-dentate. Petals 5, 3.5 mm.
long, triangular-ovate, tomentose outside. Ovary 2- or 3-celled, the disk ele-
vated, the styles united into a column, 2 mm. long.
Yunnan: Ma-chang-kai Valley, north of Tengyueh, Forrest 9671 (AA, IsoTyPE).
The very deep and narrow-based lobes of the leaves easily separate this species
from its allies. It is nearest to B. hispida Seem.; aside from the leaf-characters,
it differs from the latter in that the petals are white-tomentose outside and the
inflorescence is not prickly.
5. Brassaiopsis palmipes Forrest ex Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 12, 1917; Hand.-
Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 694. 1933.
A prickly shrub 3-9 m. tall, with submembranaceous palmately 8-11-lobed
leaves, the lobes subspinulose-serrulate, narrowed at the base, forming broadly
winged pseudopetiolules, and with pubescent to glabrescent panicles formed by
many-flowered umbels. Leaves lobed to 4% the length, petiolate, stipulate, the
base cordate; lobes 8-11, oblong-elliptic, 10-15 cm. long, 5-7.5 cm. wide, the
apex rounded to acute, the base rounded, with pseudopetiolules joined by broad
wings, the margins subspinulose-serrulate, glabrous or slightly pubescent above,
densely pubescent to glabrescent beneath, the lateral nerves distinct above, prom-
inent beneath; petioles 12-25 cm. long, ferruginous-pubescent at first, soon gla-
brescent, with few prickles at the apex; stipules united, the apices free, lanceolate.
Inflorescence a large panicle, pubescent to glabrescent, the flowers in umbels, the
umbels many-flowered, 3-5 cm. in diameter; peduncles 2 cm. long, the pedicels
ferruginous-puberulous, 1 cm. long. Calyx 3 mm. long, 5-dentate, the teeth
short, acute. Petals 5, pubescent outside, 4 mm. long. Ovary mostly 2- some-
times 3-celled, the styles united into a column. Fruit ovoid, 8 mm. long, 5 mm.
broad, the style-column 2 mm. long.
Yunnan: Shweli Valley, Forrest 7887 (isotype, AA); Shangpa, H. T. Tsat 56575
(AA) (fruit).
A species apparently close to B. fatsioides Harms. Its Trevesia-like leaves are
unique and very distinct.
6. Brassaiopsis ficifolia Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 500. 1903; Chung, Mem. Sci.
Soc, China 1: 187. 1924.
A very low slightly prickly shrub, 1-1.5 m. tall, with membranaceous palmately
3- or rarely 46-lobed leaves, the lobes serrate, and with ferruginous-tomentose
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 55
panicles formed by many-flowered umbels. Leaves about 20 cm. across, petiolate,
stipulate, the base cordate; lobes ovate, generally 3, rarely 4-6, 10-14 cm. long,
6-9 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base narrowed, the margins serrate,
glabrous above, glabrous or sparsely stellate-tomentose beneath ; petioles glabrous,
8-10 cm. long; stipules short, connate within the -petioles, with 2 distinct tri-
angular erect lobes. Inflorescence a panicle, ferruginous-tomentose, the flowers
in umbels, the umbels 3 cm. in diameter, many-flowered ; peduncles 3.5 cm. long ;
pedicels 1.2 cm. long. Calyx tomentose, 2 mm. long, the margin entire. Petals
5,3 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments 3 mm. long. Ovary 2-celled, the disk
slightly elevated, the styles united into a column, the stigmas 2, slightly divergent.
Fruit didymous, globose, 8 mm. across, 2-seeded or by abortion 1-seeded, the
disk small, truncate, the style-column 2 mm. long.
YUNNAN: Szemao, Henry 11650 (isosyntype, AA), 12653 (isosyntype, W), 12653A
(isosyntype, AA, NY), 12653B (isosyntype, AA, NY, W) ; Dzung-deui, Champutong, C. W.
Wang 66927 (AA).
The leaves are variable in shape. While most of the leaves are trilobed, there
are also a few with 4-6 lobes. The lobes may be broad or narrow, extending
from 4 to % the length of the leaves.
7. Brassaiopsis fatsioides Harms in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 556. 1916; Chung, Mem. Sci.
Soc. China 1: 187. 1924.
Brassaiopsis trevesioides W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 13. 1917, syn. nov.
A shrub 1-3 m. tall, with membranaceous to chartaceous palmately 7—9-lobed
leaves, the lobes minutely serrulate, and with elongated puberulous panicles
formed by many-flowered umbels. Leaves petiolate, the base cordate ; lobes 7-9,
oblanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, divided to 44 the length of the leaf, 16-22
cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide, the apex short-acuminate, the base slightly narrowed,
the margins serrulate, sparsely bristly to subglabrous above, slightly ferruginous-
tomentose to glabrous beneath, the lateral nerves distinct on both surfaces, the
tertiary veins obscure above, distinct beneath; petioles subglabrous, sparsely
puberulous near the apex, 30 cm. or more long. Inflorescence in elongated pani-
cles, the main axis puberulous, the flowers in umbels, the umbels many-flowered,
4 cm. in diameter, the peduncles puberulous, 2-3 cm. long, the pedicels sub-
glabrous to puberulous, 0.5-1.5 cm. long. Calyx glabrous to subglabrous, the
margin indistinctly dentate. Petals 5, acute, glabrous on both surfaces, 3.5—-4 mm.
long. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled, the disk thick, hemispherical, the styles united
into a column. Fruit globose, 5-6 mm. across, 2-seeded, the disk about 14 the
length of the fruit, the style-column 2 mm. long, the pedicels 1.5 cm. long.
SzECHUAN: Without precise locality; Wilson 3697 (1sotypr, AA); Ma-pien Hsien,
F, T. Wang 23098 (AA); Omei-shan, Chiao & Fan 538 (AA).
YUNNAN: Chiu-pei Hsien, H. T. Tsai 51423 (AA); Mong Ka, H. T. Tsai 56307 (AA) ;
Chen-ka Hsien, C. W. Wang 72290 (AA), 72452 (AA); Fo-hai Hsien, Hai-lung-tarn,
C. W. Wang 76297 (AA); Shunning, Hila, Wumulung, T. T. Yii 16666 (AA) ; Taron-Taru
Divide, Lungnan, T. T. Yii 20009 (AA).
The Yunnan specimens cited above are generally larger plants to 7-8 m. tall;
otherwise the characters are the same as in the Szechuan specimens. Tsai 56307
has leaves with stronger, occasionally doubly serrate, more or less spinose-serrate
margins.
A species related to Brassaiopsis ciliata Dunn, from which it differs primarily
in the absence of prickles on the inflorescence. Both species are apparently
closely allied to the Indian B. mitis C. B. Clarke. Smith’s B. trevesioides is here
reduced to synonymy on the basis of photographs and fragments of flowers from
the type (in AA).
56 SARGENTIA |2
8. Brassaiopsis tripteris (Lévl.) Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 15: 115. 1934.
Heptapleurum tripteris Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 34: 145. 1914; Fl. Kouy-Tchéou
35. 1914; Ill. Pl. Seu-Tchéouen ¢. 1. 1918, in ms.
A very low shrub with digitately compound leaves, the leaflets 3, chartaceous,
sessile, obovate-oblong, spinosely serrulate and glabrous, and with a small ter-
minal few-umbellate panicle. Leaves petiolate, stipulate; leaflets 3, sometimes
with an additional lobe, about 13 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, the apex acute to
acuminate, the base long-attenuate, the margins spinose-serrulate, glabrous on both
surfaces, the lateral nerves about 6 on each side, subconspicuous above, prominent
beneath; petioles about 11 cm. long, glabrous; stipules united, the apices free,
acuminate. Inflorescence a small terminal few-umbellate panicle, ferruginous-
tomentose to glabrescent, the umbels many-flowered, about 3.5 cm. in diameter,
the peduncles 4.5 cm. long, the bracts 5-7 mm. long, acuminate, the pedicels
slender, 1.5 cm. long. Calyx tomentose, 2 mm. long, the margin 5-dentate.
Petals 5, ovate, 3 mm. long, glabrous on both surfaces. Ovary 2-celled, the disk
elevated ; styles united into a column, 2 mm. long.
KweicHow: West of Lo-fou, J. Cavalerie 2566 (HoLotypeE of Heptapleurum tripteris
Lévl.; merotype in AA).
9, Brassaiopsis chengkangensis Hu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. Ser. 10: 162. 1940.
A tree to 15 m. in height, with digitately compound leaves, the leaflets 3-7,
coriaceous, petiolulate, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, remotely mucronate-denticulate,
ferruginously bristly, and with ferruginously bristly panicles formed by many-
flowered umbels. Leaves petiolate; petioles stout, terete, densely and_ softly
ferruginous-bristly with branching bristles to 3 mm. long when young and finally
sparsely stellate-tomentose, to.30 cm. long; leaflets densely ferruginous-bristly
when young, at length glabrescent above and sparsely bristly beneath, ovate-
oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 15-29 cm. long, 6-13 cm. wide, the apex acuminate,
the base rounded, the margins remotely mucronate-denticulate toward the upper
part, the lateral nerves about 18 on each side, distinct above, projecting beneath,
the tertiary veins slightly impressed above, projecting beneath; petiolules stout,
densely ferruginous-bristly, 1.5-2.5 cm. long. Inflorescence racemose-paniculate,
to 35 cm. long, the main axis very stout, densely bristly, the flowers in many-
flowered umbels, these 3.5 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 2.5—5 cm. long ; pedicels
to 8 mm. long, ferruginous-bristly, with persistent ligulate bracteoles at the base.
Calyx densely ferruginous-bristly, 2.5 mm. long, with 5 linear-lanceolate mem-
branaceous lobes, the margins fimbriate. Petals 5, ovate, 3 mm. long, densely
ferruginous-bristly outside. Stamens 5, 2 mm. long. Ovary 2-celled, the disk
thick, the styles united into a stout column, 1.2 mm. long.
YUNNAN: Chenkang Hsien, C. W. Wang 72309 (1sotypr, AA); Mong-ka, H. T. Tsai
56386 (AA); Shunning, Snow Range, T. T. Yii 16006 (AA).
A species characterized by the dense ferruginous-bristly indumentum.
10. Brassaiopsis gracilis Hand.-Maz. Sinensia 3: 197, 1933.
A shrub about 1 m. tall, with digitately compound leaves, the leaflets 5, mem-
branaceous, petiolulate, ovate- to elliptic-lanceolate, sparsely setose above, and
with an axillary, small, ferruginous-tomentose inflorescence formed by few
umbels. Branches glabrous, occasionally with a single prickle at the nodes, the
prickles straight, conical. Leaves petiolate; petioles slender, glabrous, about
10-15 cm. long ; leaflets subsessile to short-petiolulate, sparsely short-setose above,
glabrous beneath, 8-18 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, the apex long-acuminate, the base
attenuate, the lateral ones often oblique, the margins serrate, the lateral nerves
about 4-6 on each side, prominent, the tertiary veins obscure ; petiolules 0-13 mm.
long. Inflorescence in an axillary small raceme formed by few umbels, about
7-8 cm. long, densely ferruginous-tomentose ; umbels many-flowered, about 1.5
1942) LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 57
cm, in diameter, the peduncles about 2 cm. long, the bracts triangular, 3-6 mm.
long, submembranaceous, the pedicels 4 mm. long, ferruginous-tomentose. Calyx
glabrous, the margin 5-dentate. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-celled, the
styles united into a single column.
Kwancst: Tsin Hung Shan, northern Hin Yen, R. C. Ching 6850 (isotype, LU, NY).
The specimens on which Handel-Mazzetti based his description are very young.
In general appearance this species suggests some species of Acanthopanax.
Moreover the pedicels seem to be very slightly articulate. However, the two-
celled ovary and the single style-column indicate Brassaiopsis. Without fruiting
material, it is difficult to ascertain its exact taxonomical position.
Fig. 9. Brassaiopsis acuminata; 1. leaf, X 1%; 2. portion of infructescence, X 4; 3.
flower, X 3; 4. fruit, X 2. ,
11. Brassaiopsis acuminata sp. nov. Fig. 9.
Frutex circa 2-3 m. altus. Foliis digitatim compositis petiolatis; petiolis
gracilibus teretibus subferrugineo-tomentosis, ad 30 cm. longis ; foliolis 7-9, supra
glabris, subtus sparse ferrugineo-tomentosis, chartaceis, ovato-lanceolatis, 9-18
cm. longis, 2.5-4.5 cm. latis, apice longe acuminatis, basi attenuatis, margine
58 SARGENTIA [2
subintegris vel ad partem superam remote serrulatis, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus
circa 8, supra manifestis, subtus prominentibus, venis tertiariis utrinque promi-
nentibus; petiolulis gracilibus subferrugineo-tomentosis 14.5 cm. longis. In-
florescentiis e paniculis gracilibus laxis, floribus umbellatis, umbellis circa 10-
floris 4 cm. diametro ; pedunculis subferrugineo-tomentosis 4 cm. longis ; pedicellis
gracilibus subferrugineo-tomentosis 1.5 cm. longis. Calycis tubo lato ferrugineo-
tomentoso obscure 5-dentato. Petalis 5 ovatis tenuibus, extus parcius tomen-
tosis, intus glabris, 5 mm. longis. Staminibus 5, filamentis 3 mm. longis. Ovario
2-loculari, disco crasso hemisphaerico, stylis in columnam circa 1.5 mm. longam
connatis. Fructu didymo-globoso circa 8 mm. magno, 2-spermo, disco 44 fructus
longitudinis aequante, stylo 3 mm. longo, stigmatibus capitatis, pedicellis ad 3
cm. longis.
YUNNAN: Kiukiang Valley, Taron, Sronwang, T. T. Yii 20158 (type, AA), Sept. 7,
1938; Kiukiang Valley, Srowtu, T. T. Yii 20159 (AA) (fruit).
KweicuHow: Tushan, Y. Tsiang 7046 (NY).
A species related to Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Bl.) Regel, differing in the
small, narrow, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate leaflets, the loose slender panicles,
and the long pedicels.
12. Brassaiopsis shweliensis W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 13. 1917.
This species, of which I have seen no material, was described from Yunnan
by W. W. Smith. Only a photograph of the type is available (in AA). W. W.
Smith’s original description is as follows:
“Species affinis B. aculeatae Seem. a qua foliolis coriaceis facile distinguenda
est.
“Frutex circ. 7.5 m. altus ramis crassissimis hic illic aculeatis. Folia ampla
petiolo ad 40 cm. longo ferrugineo-tomentoso cito glabrescente praedita digitata ;
petioluli circ. 1 cm. longi ferrugineo-tomentelli mox subglabri; foliola 6-7, ad 24
cm. longa, ad 7 cm. lata, apice plus minusve longe acuminata, basi anguste cuneata,
margine (dimidio superiore) indurato-serrata, coriacea, primum tomento stellato
ferrugineo vel albido conspersa, tadem glabra; costa nervique 12-15 paria subtus
eminentes reticulo nervulorum subconspicuo. Inflorescentia ampla circ. 30 cm.
longa; rachis crassa primum tomentella mox glabrescens rugosissima unde oriun-
tur fere recto angulo pedunculi numerosi circ. 2.5 cm. longi-crassi umbellam multi-
florum solitariam gerentes, bracteis circ. 1.5 cm. longis coriaceis persistentibus
cymbiformibus incurvis apice indurato-acutatis praediti; pedicelli circ. 1 cm. longi
ferrugineo-tomentelli. Calycis dentes circ. 7 mm. longi acuti; petala non visa;
fructus globosus circa 7 mm. diametro bilocularis, tomento tenui crustaceo tadem
deciduo indutus, disco hemisphaerico stylo simplici 2 mm. longo.
““China:—Shweli Valley, Yunnan. Lat. 25° N. Alt. 6000 ft. Shrub of 25 ft. In fruit.
Open situations in thickets. July 1912.” G. Forrest. No. 8702.”
13, Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Bl.) Regel, Gartenfl. 12: 275. t. 411. 1863; Merr. Lingnan
Sei. Jour. 5: 140. 1927; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 694. 1933; Chun, Sunyatsenia
4: 248. 1940.
Aralia glomerulata Bl. Bijdr. 872. 1826.
Hedera floribunda Wall. List, no. 4912A. 1832, nomen nudum; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 394.
1834; Walp. Rep. 2: 432. 1843.
Brassaiopsis speciosa Decne. & Planch. Rev. Hort. IV. 3: 106. 1854; Seem. Jour. Bot. 2:
262. 1864, Revis. Heder. 19. 1868; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 737. 1879;
Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 425. 1911.
Macropanax glomerulatum Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. 1(1): 764. 1855.
Brassaiopsis floribunda Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 262. 1864, Revis. Heder. 19. 1868.
A shrub or small tree, 3-10 m., tall, with digitately compound leaves, the
leaflets 5-9, chartaceous, petiolulate, elliptic-oblong, entire or distantly serrulate,
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 59
with ferruginous-tomentose to glabrescent panicles, the flowers in umbels, race-
mosely arranged on the branches. Upper part of the branches prickly, reddish
ferruginous-tomentose on young branches. Leaves petiolate; petioles slender,
terete, glabrous, 30-50 cm. long; leaflets 15-25 cm. long, 6-10 cm. wide, the
apex acuminate, the base generally cuneate, rarely obtuse to rounded, the margins
entire or distantly serrulate, scattered-reddish-ferruginous-stellate-tomentose
when young, soon glabrous above, glabrescent or nearly so beneath, the lateral
nerves about 7-9 on each side, the tertiary nerves slightly conspicuous ; petiolules
long, slender, glabrous, 2-9 cm. long. Inflorescence in large panicles, 30 cm.
or more long, reddish-ferruginous-tomentose when young, the rachis soon gla-
brescent, the flowers in umbels, these racemosely arranged on the branches, the
bracts oblong or lanceolate, 5 mm. long, persistent, the peduncles 2-5 cm. long,
with a bracteole at the base and 1 or 2 inserted near the middle; pedicels 1—1.2
cm. long, rising from a dense cluster of bracteoles 1-2 mm. long, reddish-
ferruginous-tomentose, and persistent. Calyx-tube short, tomentose outside, 5-
dentate. Petals 5, oblong, glabrous on both surfaces, 3 mm. long. Stamens 5,
the filaments shorter than the petals. Ovary 2-celled, the disk convex, the styles
united into a short conical column. Fruit didymo-globose or semiglobose, about
6-10 mm. across, 2-seeded, the disk convex, elevated, about 14 to 14 the length of
the fruit, the style-column 1-2 mm. long, the pedicels 1.2-1.5 cm. long.
YUNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 9654A (AA), 11492 (AA); Szemao, Henry 13456 (AA,
NY), 13621 (NY); Ping-pien Hsien, H. T. Tsai 62236 (AA) ; Che-li Hsien, You-louh Shan,
C. W. Wang 78126 (AA); Chiukiang, west of Champutong, C. W. Wang 67539 (AA) ;
Fo-hai, C. W. Wang 74398 (AA), 74909 (AA); Che-li Hsien, Mann-bang, Da-meng-lung,
C. W. Wang 77446 (AA) ; Che-li Hsien, Ban-chiou-chian, C. W. Wang 79773 (AA) ; Salwin
Valley, northeast of Champutong, T. T. Vii 19162 (AA).
Kwancsi: Shang-sze District, Shap Man Taai Shan, Tang Lung Village, W. T. Tsang
24160 (AA, NY); Yao Shan, C. W. Wang 39913 (AA).
Hainan: Southern slope of Five Finger Mts., F. A. McClure 8878 = CCC9434 (NY);
Hung Mo Tung, Tsang & Fung 640 = LU18174 (NY); Dung Ka, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso
43935 (AA, NY, W) ; Chang-kang District, Ngo-ko Shan, near Tsat Cha Village, S. K. Lau
1888 (AA, NY); no precise locality, C. W. Wang 33684 (AA, NY, W), 34616 (NY),
35441 (NY); Yaichow, H. Y. Liang 62558 (AA, NY), 62613 (NY); Kan-en District, Chim
Fung Ling, near Sam Mo Watt Village, S. K. Law 3869 (AA), 4998 (AA) ; Lokwei, F. C.
How 72312 (AA); Po-ting, F. C. How 73107 (AA), 73522 (AA) ; Bak-sa, S. K. Lau 25479
AA).
Ri acceie DISTRIBUTION: India to Indo-China and Java.
This species is very variable in its leaves, tomentum, and inflorescence. The
differences, although quite great in some cases, are gradual and not constant
enough for specific separation. The following varieties are recognized.
13a. Brassaiopsis glomerulata var. brevipedicellata var. nov.
A typo foliolis longioribus, apice rotundato et abrupte apiculato, pedicellis
fructigeris multo brevioribus separatur.
A shrub 3-7 m. in height. Leaves 5—9-foliolate, the leaflets ovate-oblong,
14-18 cm. long, 4-6.5 cm. wide, the apex shortly and abruptly acuminate, the base
broad-cuneate to rounded, the margins entire or nearly so, glabrous above, scat-
tered ferruginous-tomentose beneath. Pedicels of fruit 5-7 mm. long.
YuNNAN: Jenn-yeh Hsien, Meng-him, C. W. Wang 80107 (AA); Kiukiang Valley,
south of Srowtu, T. T. Yii 20156 (type, AA), Nov. 21, 1938.
Differs from the species in the longer leaflets, with rounded short abruptly
acuminate apex, and the much shorter pedicels in the fruit. The Chinese plant
resembles var. subovata C. B. Clarke of India, so far as I can determine from the
published description, but has smaller leaves. I cannot compare the length of
the pedicels of Clarke’s variety with those of mine, because, unfortunately, Clarke
does not describe them.
60 SARGENTIA (2
13b. Brassaiopsis glomerulata var. coriacea (W. W. Smith) comb. nov.
Brassaiopsis coriacea W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 11. 1917.
A shrub 4-10 m. tall, the leaflets 7-9, coriaceous, elliptic, to 22 cm. long and
9 cm. broad, the apex short-acuminate, the base broad-cuneate to rounded, the
margins entire or nearly so. Inflorescence to 60 cm. long, generally corymbose-
paniculate, ferruginous-tomentose to glabrous. Pedicels of fruit about 1 cm.
long.
YUNNAN: Shang-pa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54759 (AA), 59086 (AA); Ping-pien Hsien,
H. T. Tsai 55495 (AA), 60332 (AA), 61147 (AA); Lan-tsang Hsien, C. W. Wang 76489A
(AA).
Differs from the species in the more coriaceous leaflets and the generally
corymbose-paniculate inflorescence.
l3c. Brassaiopsis glomerulata var. longipedicellata var. nov.
A typo inflorescentiis corymboso-paniculatis et fructibus longe pedicellatis
differt.
A shrub 2-7 m. tall. Leaflets 5-7, subchartaceous, ovate-elliptic, 8-18 cm.
long, 3-6.5 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base obtuse, the margins finely
serrulate to entire, red-ferruginous-tomentose on both surfaces when young, soon
glabrous; petiolules 1-3 cm. long. Inflorescence corymbose-paniculate, red-
ferruginous-tomentose at first, soon glabrescent; pedicels of fruit 2.5 cm. long.
KweicHow: Chengfeng, Wong-moo, S. W. Teng 90995 (AA).
KwancGst: Tsin Hun Shan, north of Hin Yen, R. C. Ching 6793 (LU, NY); Ling Wun
District, S. K. Lau 28695 (trypr, AA), July 18, 1937.
Differs from the species in the corymbose-paniculate inflorescence and the
long pedicels.
Doubtful and Excluded Species
1. Brassaiopsis Hookeri C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 737. 1879; Hand.-Maz.
Symb. Sin. 7: 694. 1933.
An Indian species doubtfully recorded by Handel-Mazzetti from Yunnan.
2. Brassaiopsis palmata (Roxb.) Kurz, Jour. As. Soc. Bengal 39(2): 77. 1870, For. FI.
Brit. Burma 1: 537. 1877; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924; Hand.-Maz.
Symb. Sin. 7: 693. 1933.
Panax palmata Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 21. 1814, Fl. Ind. ed. 2. 2: 74. 1832.
Recorded by Chung and Handel-Mazzetti from Yunnan. Chinese specimens
in the herbaria seen by me bearing the label of Brassaiopsis palmata (Roxb.)
Kurz are found to represent B. Hainla Seem. This Indian species therefore
should probably be excluded from the Chinese flora.
3. Brassaiopsis papayoides Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 61: 120.
1925, Symb. Sin. 7: 693. 1933.
Handel-Mazzetti described B. papayoides from immature specimens from
Yunnan and Kweichow. He does not mention the number of cells in the ovary
but states “corolla juvenilis crassa conum 10-sulcatum formans,” which indicates
that the plant is probably not a Brassaiopsis. On the basis of a photograph of
the type (in AA) and of the original description, the plant seems to agree well
with the specimens from Kweichow cited under Trevesia palmata Vis. A final
disposition can not be made until the type is examined.
IX. Macropanax Miquel
Macropanax Migq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1(1): 763. 1855.
Small unarmed trees. Leaves digitately compound, the leaflets entire or ser-
rate; stipules shortly connate within the petiole or wanting. Flowers polygamous,
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 61
in umbels, the umbels arranged in large branching panicles, the bracts small,
deciduous, the pedicels articulate under the flower. Calyx-margin 5-dentate.
Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5, the anthers oval. Ovary 2-, seldom 3-celled,
striate or ribbed; seeds compressed ; endosperm ruminate.
Two or three species from India to Java.
Type species: Macropanax oreophilus Miq.
Key TO SPECIES AND VARIETY
A. Leaflets usually denticulate-serrate, the panicle-branches spreading, ferruginous-pubescent.
1. M. oreophilus.
AA, Leaflets entire or nearly so, the panicle-branches ascending, glabrous.
B. Umbels many, racemosely arranged on the panicle-branches .......... 2. M. undulatus.
BB. Umbels single, terminating each panicle-branch ...... 2a. M. undulatus var. simplex.
1. Macropanax oreophilus Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1(1): 764. 1855; Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 294.
1864, Revis. Heder. 20. 1868; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 738. 1879;
Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 466. 1911; Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2
1164. f. 137, no. 7, 8, f. 138, no. 1, 2. 1923; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924;
W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 275, 326. 1930.
Macropanax floribundus Miq. F1. Ind. Bat. 1(1): 764. 1855.
A tree about 10 m. tall, with 5—7-foliolate leaves, the leaflets oblong and elliptic
to lanceolate, denticulate-serrate or crenulate, and with ferruginous-stellate-
tomentose compound panicles with spreading branches. Leaves petiolate, the
petioles terete, glabrous, 10-15 cm. long; leaflets chartaceous, petiolulate, 10-15
cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base rounded to acute, the
margins denticulate-serrate or crenulate, glabrous on both surfaces, the lateral
nerves 6-10 on each side, distinct on both surfaces, the tertiary veins conspicuous
above, inconspicuous beneath; petiolules 1-2 cm. long. Inflorescence a terminal
compound panicle to 30 cm, long, ferruginous-stellate-tomentose, the branches
about 10 cm. long, spreading, the bracts inconspicuous or caducous. Calyx gla-
brous, the margin inconspicuously dentate. Petals 5, glabrous on both surfaces,
1.5 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments about the same length as the petals.
Ovary 2-celled, the styles united into a column, the disk elevated, hemispherical.
Fruit ovoid, slightly ribbed, 5 mm. long, the disk large, conical, often wider than
the top of the fruit, the style-column persistent, 2-3 mm. long.
YUNNAN: Szemao, Henry 13082 (NY), 13083 (AA, W), 13083A (AA, NY); no pre-
cise locality, Forrest 8267 (AA), 8796 (AA), 11822 (AA); Shweli-Salween divide, Forrest
17690 (AA), 18289 (AA) ; Lung-ling Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54588 (AA) ; Fo-hai, C. W. Wang
77261 (AA); Meng-soong, Dar-meng-lung, Che-li Hsien, C. W. Wang 78358A (AA).
Hainan: No precise locality, H. Y. Liang 64212 (AA, NY, W) (juvenile), C. W.
Wang 36325 (AA, NY) (juvenile). :
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India to Malaya.
2. Macropanax undulatus (Wall.) Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 294. 1864, Revis. Heder. 20.
1868; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 738. 1879; Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 39: 466. 1911; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924; Merr. Lingnan Sci.
Jour. 11: 49. 1932.
Hedera undulata Wall. List no. 4916A. 1832, nomen nudum; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 394.
1834; Walp. Rep. 2: 432. 1843.
Macropanax concinnus Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 220. 1864; Viguier in Lecomte,
Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1165. 1923.
A tree to 15 m. tall, with 3—5-foliolate leaves, the leaflets elliptic-lanceolate,
entire or rarely minutely denticulate, and with glabrous, terminal, compound
panicles, the branches ascending. Leaves petiolate; petioles slender, terete, gla-
brous, 10-15 cm. long; leaflets chartaceous, petiolulate, 10-18 cm. long, 3.5—5.5
cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base acute to rounded, the margins entire,
rarely minutely denticulate, glabrous on both surfaces, the lateral nerves about 6
62 SARGENTIA (2
on each side, conspicuous beneath, subconspicuous above, the tertiary nerves
inconspicuous; petiolules 1.5—3 mm. long, the lateral ones very short. Inflores-
cence a terminal compound panicle, 15-30 cm. long, glabrous, the branches 10-12
cm. long, ascending, the compound bracts triangular, 3 mm. long, caducous, the
flowers in umbels, the peduncles 0.5-1 cm. or more long, the pedicels 3-5 mm.
long, glabrous, articulate under the flower, the bracteoles inconspicuous or ca-
ducous. Calyx glabrous, inconspicuously dentate. Petals 5, glabrous on both
surfaces, 3 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments about the same length as the
petals. Ovary 2-celled; styles united into a column; disk elevated. Fruit ovoid,
ribbed, 5 mm. long, the disk conical, prominent, the style-column persistent, 2-3
mm. long.
YuNNAN: Between Sadon and the Yunnan Chinese border at Changtifang and Kambaiti,
J. F. Rock 7433 (AA) ; between Tengyueh and the Burmese border, en route to Sadon, J. F.
Rock 7384 (AA, W); Lan-Tsang Hsien, C. W. Wang 76450 (AA); Mong-ka, H. T. Tsai
56823 (AA); Kiukiang Valley, Taron, Sronwang, T. T. Yii 20163 (AA); Kiukiang Valley,
Muhionga, T. 7. Yii 20487 (AA).
KweicHow: Tuhshang, Y. Tsiang 7044 (AA, NY, W).
Kwancsrt: Nor Yut, Taiching Shan, S. P. Ko 55386 (AA).
Hartnan: Hung Mo Shan and vicinity, Tsang, Tang and Fung 146 = LU17677 (AA,
NY, W), 303 = LU17837 (AA, NY, W); Ling-shui District, Fen Maan Ts’uen and
vicinity, McClure 20125 (AA, NY, W).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India to Burma and Indo-China.
This species can be distinguished from Macropanax oreophilus Mig. primarily
by its leaflets, which are entire or nearly so, and its glabrous inflorescences with
the branches ascending instead of spreading.
2a. Macropanax undulatus var. simplex var. nov.
A typo inflorescentiis racemose ramosis, ramulis simplicibus, umbella terminali
differt.
YUNNAN: Szemao, Henry 11764 (AA, NY), 12402 (AA), 12644 (AA, W), 12644B
(AA, NY), 12644C (AA, W), 13448 (AA); between Muang and Keng Hung, J. F. Rock
2472 (AA, W); Monka, H. T. Tsai 56855 (AA); Fo-hai, C. W. Wang 74850 (AA), 76149
(AA), 77147 (AA); Che-li Hsien, Sheau-meng-yeang, C. W. Wang 75889 (typrE, AA),
Sept. 1936; Che-li Hsien, Maan-bang, Dah-meng-lung, C. W. Wang 77469 (AA); Che-li
Hsien, Dah-meng-lung, C. W. Wang 77717 (AA), 77938 (AA); Che-li Hsien, You-louh-
shan, C. W. Wang 78130 (AA); Che-li Hsien, Jahlesi, C. W. Wang 79174 (AA); Che-li
Hsien, Kuen-ger, C. W. Wang 79305 (AA); Che-li Hsien, Ban-chion-chian, C. W. Wang
79697 (AA); Jenn-yeh Hsien, Lung-huk, C. W. Wang 80155 (AA); Luh-shuen Hsien,
Maan-tsang, Sheau-meng-yeang, C. W. Wang 81102 (AA).
Differs from the species in the racemosely branched inflorescence, its branches
simple with a single terminal umbel.
X. MERRILLIOPANAX Li
Merrilliopanax gen. nov.
Frutex sempervirens inermis, glaber vel mox glabrescens. Foliis simplicibus,
petiolorum basi valde dilata plerumque in stipulas abeunte. Inflorescentiis ter-
minalibus et in axillis superioribus, paniculatis, laxis, erectis, apertis. Floribus
umbellatis, umbellis paucis in ramis primariis plerumque racemose dispositis,
longe pedunculatis; pedicellis exarticulatis. Calycis limbo minute 5-dentato.
Petalis 5 aestivatione valvata. Staminibus 5. Ovario 2-loculari, loculis 1-
ovulatis, stylis 2 liberis vel basi subconnatis. Drupa subglobosa 2-loculari.
Albumine aequabili.
Distribution: Northeastern India and Yunnan, China.
Type species: Dendropanax Listeri King.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA i 63
This genus is near Dendropanax and Nothopanax. It resembles the former
in its simple leaves and inarticulate pedicels, but can be readily distinguished by
the paniculate inflorescences, the 2-celled ovaries, and the 2 distinct styles. It is
evidently closer to Nothopanax than to Dendropanax, in both of which genera
the type species has been placed. However, the uniformly simple leaves and the
inarticulate pedicels clearly separate it from Nothopanax.
The genus is named in honor of Prof. E. D. Merrill, Administrator of Botani-
cal Collections and Director of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, in
appreciation of his extensive work on the flora of China and assistance freely
granted to numerous Chinese botanists and botanical institutions.
/ 2 3
Fig. 10. Merrilliopanax Listeri; 1. branchlet with infructescence, X 44; 2. flower, with
2 petals removed, X 6; 3. fruit, X 4; 4. diagrammatic cross-section of fruit, * 4.
Key To SPECIES '
A, Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, subentire or denticulate, glabrous on both surfaces; pedicels
6-13 mm. long’ :..3. css 6. 05-6 a are ore eee Ai a tie 1. M. Listeri.
AA. Leaves ovate, mostly shallowly 2-3-lobed, with scattered stellate-tomentose hairs be-
néath; pedicels 3—4 mm. long sx ciicpees etn pee ec Sa esla os 2. M. chinensis.
1. Merrilliopanax Listeri (King) comb. nov. Fig. 10.
Dendropanax Listeri King, Jour. As. Soc. Bengal 67(2): 294. 1898, Ann. Bot. Gard.
Calcutta 9: ¢. 55. 1901; Merr. Brittonia 4: 133. 1941.
Nothopanax membranifoliuns W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 53. 1917, 17:
114, 159, 256, 278, 309, 314. 1929-30; Nakai, Jour. Jap. Bot. 15: 10. 1939.
Gilibertia myriantha Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. K1. 60: 184. 1923.
Gilibertia Listeri Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 60: 185. 1923.
Gilibertia membranifolia Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 621. 1933, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 88:
305. 1939,
64 . SARGENTIA [2
A shrub 2-7 m. tall, the branches slender, glabrous to brownish, glabrescent.
Leaves simple, long-petiolate, stipulate, membranaceous to subchartaceous, gla-
brous on both surfaces, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 8-20 cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide,
the apex subabruptly caudate-acuminate (acumen to 3 cm. long, straight or
curved), the base broadly acute to more or less founded, strongly 3-nerved, the
margins subentire or denticulate, dark green and dull above, pale olivaceous green
beneath, the lateral nerves 3-6 on each side, the tertiary veins subconspicuous on
both surfaces; petioles slender, glabrous, 5-15 cm. long, dilate at base with the
stipules. Inflorescence a terminal panicle 6-15 cm. long, the branches glabrous
to sparsely minutely stellate-tomentose, the flowers in racemosely arranged um-
bels, these 4-12-flowered, the peduncles 0.5-3 cm. long, the pedicels 6-13 mm.
long. Calyx 2 mm. long, sparsely stellate-tomentose, the margin minutely 5-
dentate. Petals 5, triangular, 1.5-2 mm. long, glabrous on both surfaces. Sta-
mens 5, the filaments as long as the petals. Ovary 2-celled, the styles 2, free or
slightly connate at the base. Fruit subglobose, 4-5 mm. across, the disk small,
2 mm. across, the styles 2, divergent.
YUNNAN: Tengyueh, Forrest 7704 (isoparatype of Nothopanax membranifolius W. W..
Smith, AA), 8086 (isoparatype of N. membranifolius W. W. Smith, AA) ; Shweli-Salween
divide, Forrest 18077 (AA); no precise locality, Forrest 24635 (W); Lu-djiang, Salween,
Handel-Mazzetti 8303 (isotype of Gilibertia myriantha Hand.-Maz., AA); West of Mekong,
Salween watershed, J. F. Rock 7016 (AA, NY, W); Champutong, Salween Valley, J. F.
Rock 10244 (AA, W) ; Shangpa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54353 (AA), 54386 (AA), 54950 (AA),
56557 (AA), 56583A (AA), 58864 (AA); Der-la, Champutong, C. W. Wang 66896 (AA);
Dzung Duei, Champutong, C. W. Wang 66979 (AA) ; Lung-pa-la, Champutong, C. W. Wang
67053 (AA); Chiukiang, west of Champutong, C. W. Wang 87084 (AA); Salween Valley,
southeast of Champutong, T. T. Yii 19136 (AA); Kiukiang Valley, Taron, T. T. Vii 19476
(AA); Bucahwang, T. T. Yii 20133 (AA); Mekong-Salween Divide, Londgrela, T. T. Vii
23129 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Northeastern India.
This species was originally described and later redescribed and illustrated by
King as Dendropanax Listeri from Assam, India. King’s excellent illustration
reveals the same characters as the Chinese plants. While most of the Chinese
specimens examined by me have relatively somewhat narrower leaves than those
depicted by King, and in some specimens the panicles are shorter than in the
Assam plant, I feel confident that our material is referable to his species. In
some of the Yunnan material with larger leaves, these very closely approximate
those shown in King’s plate. King’s type was a fruiting specimen, the umbels
described and depicted as having four or five fruits in each. This is true of
most of the Chinese material, but in some specimens I have observed as many as
seven to nine fruits. In flowering material there may occasionally be as many
as twelve flowers in an umbel, but clearly many of these do not develop fruits.
Handel-Mazzetti described Gilibertia myriantha not realizing that Nothapanax
membranifoliuns W. W. Smith represented the same species. Subsequently he
noted the identity of the two, transferred Smith’s species to Gilibertia and placed
his G. myriantha as a synonym. Nakai, in his treatment of the Asiatic species
of Dendropanax (as Textoria) (Jour. Jap. Bot. 15: 1-18. 1939), notes that
“Nothopanax membranifolius W. W. Smith . . . has umbels arranged in pani-
cles, two divaricate styles, and small fruits (about 4 mm. in diameter), and
cannot be classed under Gilibertia as Handel-Mazzetti did.” Merrill has also
noted the differences between this species and Nothopanax as well as Dendro-
panax and has added notes to various herbarium specimens. The differences,
judging from the characters currently used for differentiating genera in
Araliaceae, impress me as sufficiently great to warrant the erection of a new
genus for this species.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 65
2. Merrilliopanax chinensis sp. nov. Fig. 11.
Frutex erectus, ramulis pubescentibus. Foliis simplicibus longe petiolatis
chartaceis, supra glabris, subtus parce stellato-tomentosis vel glabrescentibus,
ovatis vel leviter 2—3-lobatis, 6-11 cm. longis, 4-9.5 cm. latis, apice acutis, basi
late acutis, valde 3-nervatis, interdum 5-nervatis, 2 exterioribus haud prominulis,
margine integris, lobis 144 longitudinis foliorum, aequalibus, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 4—5, nervis lateralibus et venis tertiariis utrinque elevatis conspicuis ;
petiolis gracilibus teretibus glabris, 5-13 cm. longis. Floribus ignotis. Inflores-
f AD 5 a on
Lge My ay =
LQ Gz :
0p
/
Fig. 11. Merrilliopanax chinensis; 1. branchlet with infructescence, X 144; 2. fruit, X 3;
3. diagrammatic cross-section of fruit, x 3.
centiis fructigeris terminalibus paniculatis, circa 12 cm. longis, sparse minute
stellato-tomentosis, fructibus umbellatis, umbellis racemosis fructus paucos geren-
tibus, pedunculis 1.5—3 cm. longis, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis. Fructu (immaturo)
subgloboso 3-4 mm. diametro, disco minimo 1.5—2 mm. crasso, stylis 2 divari-
catis, seminibus 2.
Yunnan: Kiukiang Valley, Taron, Timiton, T. T. Vii 20174 (typr, AA), Sept. 7, 1938.
This species differs from M. Listeri (King) Li in its leaves being thicker,
mostly 2-3-lobed, scattered stellate-tomentose beneath, the margins not toothed,
and in its shorter pedicels.
XI. NotrHopaAnax Miquel
Nothopanax Migq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1(1): 765. 1855.
Evergreen unarmed shrubs or trees, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves digitately
compound or simple and often lobed, exstipulate or with small appendages at
base. Flowers in umbels, the umbels solitary, racemose, or paniculate ; pedicels
distinctly articulate or only very weakly so. Calyx-margin nearly entire or
66 SARGENTIA (2
5-dentate. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5, the anthers oval or oblong. Ovary
2- or rarely 3-4-locular. Styles 2-4, distinct or connate at base. Fruit flattened,
rarely subglobose ; seeds laterally compressed; endosperm uniform.
About 15 species, chiefly in Australia, a few in China.
Type species: Nothopanax fruticosus (Linn.) Miq. (Panax fruticosus
Linn.).
In addition to the species enumerated below, the Indo-Chinese Nothopanax
fruticosus (Linn.) Mig. is mentioned by Loureiro as being also cultivated in
China (as Panax fruticosus Linn., Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 656. 1790, ed. Willd. 806.
1793). The only specimen that has come to my notice is a sterile one (Kwang-
tung: Canton, W. Y. Chun 6952 [NY]) from a cultivated specimen. . The spe-
cies is widely distributed in cultivation in the tropics of both hemispheres, espe-
cially in Indo-Malaysia and Polynesia.
Key To SPECIES
A, Leaves simple or 3-lobed or 2-5-foliolate; fruit flattened, the two styles connate at the
base and diverging at their tips in fruit.
B. Leaves generally simple or 3-lobed, rarely 3-foliolate; leaflets when present sessile, 2.5
gl ais a <p sea bg heen Bp Sacc Gee a s x 8 1. N. Davidii. .
BB. Leaves generally 2—5-foliolate, rarely simple; leaflets when present sessile to short-
tern, Pe OIE ica cars svcckisbactscerd stereo... 2. N. Delavayi.
AA. Leaves all 3-7-foliolate; fruit ovoid; styles united into a column in fruit, bifid at their
ME Aas Oe UN ON se Ec eae Wks None weeds ecu eoe ELS. 1 eee
1. Nothopanax Davidii (Franch.) Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 488. 1900; Harms &
Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 556. 1916; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187.
1924; Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 61: 121. 1924.
Panax Davidii Franch. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris II. 8: 248. (1885) 1886, Pl. David. 2:
66. 1888, Jour. de Bot. 10: 306. 1896.
Acanthopanax diversifolius Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 340. 1888; Lévl. Cat. Pl.
Yun-Nan 11. 1915,
Nothopanax diversifolius Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 48. 1894.
Acanthopanax Davidii Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 4: 41. 1906.
Nothopanax Bockii Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 488. 1900; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 187. 1924. ;
Acanthopanax Bockti Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 4: 41. 1906.
Nothopanax latifolius Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. KI. 61: 121. 1924,
Symb. Sin. 7: 695. 1933, syn. nov.
A. glabrous shrub or tree, to 6 m. tall, with simple or trilobed or 3-foliolate
leaves, and flowers in paniculate umbels. Leaves coriaceous, petiolate, exstipu-
late, glabrous, green above, pale beneath, generally simple, oblong-ovate to oblong-
lanceolate, 6-15 cm. long, 2.5-6 cm. wide, the apex long-acuminate, the base
rounded or broad-cuneate and 3-nerved, the margins remotely serrulate, some-
times deeply 3-lobed to 3-parted or 3-foliolate, with sessile, narrow, lanceolate
leaflets, the lateral nerves about 6-8 on each side, subconspicuous above, obscure
beneath; petioles slender, 5-20 cm. long. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, to
18 cm. long, glabrous, the flowers in umbels, racemosely arranged on the inflores-
cence, the lower branches sometimes compound, the umbels 12—15-flowered, about
2.5 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 2 cm. long, the pedicels about 7 mm. long,
articulate under the flower. Calyx-margin minutely 5-dentate. Petals 5, tri-
angular-ovate, 1.5 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments as long as the petals.
Ovary 2-celled, the disk slightly elevated, the styles 2, connate below into a
column above the middle, diverging above. Fruit flattened, 5-6 mm. across,
black, the calyx-teeth usually persistent, the styles 1.5-2 mm. long, reflexed at’
the tip.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 67
Hureu: No precise locality, Henry 2534 (NY), 2969 (AA, G), 4337 (G, NY, W),
4337A (NY), 6608A (G, W), 6608B (AA), 7498 (G); Hsing-shan Hsien, Wilson 332
(AA), 614 (AA, W), 1956 (AA, W), 1957 (AA, G, W), 1958 (AA, W), 1959 (AA, G,
NY, W), 1960 (AA, G, W) ; Patung Hsien, Wilson 1953 (AA, G, W) ; Fan Hsien, Wilson
1952 (AA, G, W) ; western Hupeh, Wilson 1564 (AA, NY, W), 2543 (NY); Liang Sung
Kou, W. Y. Chun 3794 (AA), 4140 (AA, W), 4429 (AA); Liang Kou Tai, W. Y. Chun
4192 (W) ; Liu Gou Tai, W. Y. Chun 3847 (AA); Peh Yang-tsai, W. Y. Chun 3875 (AA);
Chienshih Hsien, H. C. Chow 1101 (AA, NY), 1341 (AA, NY), 1509 (AA), 1551 (AA,
NY).
SzEcHUAN: No precise locality, E. Faber 158 (W); Muping, Wilson 875 (AA, W);
Wa-shen, Wilson 1136 (AA, W), 1955 (AA); Wa-ssu Country and Wa-chuan Hsien,
Wilson 1954 in part (AA, W); Kuan Hsien, W. P. Fang 2034 (AA), 2125 (AA, NY);
Mt. Omei, W. P. Fang 2246 (AA), 3106 (AA, NY), 3215 (AA, NY), 7558 (AA, NY, W),
12622 (AA); Nanchuan Hsien, W. P. Fang 5693 (AA, NY), C. Y. Hwang 64 (AA);
Liang Feng Yah, Steward, Chiao, & Cheo 262 (AA); Ta Ho Yen, Ran Shieh Kan, Steward,
Chiao, & Cheo 917 (AA); Kiang Yu Hsien, Kwan Wu Shan, F. T. Wang 22255 (AA);
Mt. Omei, F. T. Wang 23654 (AA), Y. S. Liu 1107 (AA), K. N. Yin 163 (AA), C. Y.
Chiao & S. C. Fan 410 (AA), 786 (AA); Kuan Hsien, Chien-cheng Shan, C. S. Fan 53
(AA); Moupin, T. S. Wen 533 (AA).
Yunnan: Vicum Bahan ad fluvium Lu-djang, Handel-Mazzetti 8409 (holotype of
Nothopanax latifolius Hand.-Maz., photo. and merotype, AA) ; Ping-pien Hsien, H. T. Tsai
62457 (AA), 62493 (AA), 62632 (AA); no data, H. T. Tsai 62881 (AA); Der-la,
Champutung, C. W. Wang 66755 (AA), 66817 (AA); Dzung-duei, Champutung, C. W.
Wang 66919 (AA); Meng-la, Jenn-yeh Hsien, C. W. Wang 80572 (AA); Muli, Neryz to
Zukou, K. M. Feng 2911 (AA).
KweicHow: Kweiyang, Y. Tsiang 8650 (NY); Shihtsien, Y. Tsiang 4187 (NY);
Tsungyi Hsien, Liang Feng Yah, Steward, Chiao & Cheo 262 (NY); Ta Ho Yen, Fan
Ching Shan, Steward, Chiao, & Cheo 917 (NY, W).
SOUTHEASTERN TiBET: No precise locality, Forrest 19243 (AA).
Nothopanax Davidii can be distinguished from N. Delavayi (Franch.) Harms
by its larger leaves, which are generally simple, sometimes 3-lobed, and very
rarely 3-foliolate, while NV. Delavayi has its leaves mostly 2—-5-foliolate and rarely
simple. The Hupeh and Szechuan material of N. Davidii has the leaves all
simple or lobed, never compound. The Yunnan specimens are generally closer
to N. Delavayi, more deeply lobed and occasionally 3-foliolate, with narrower
leaflets. However, in leaves that are compound, the leaflets are sessile and larger
than in N. Delavayi. These slender and more deeply lobed forms appear to be
merely local variations which it is not desirable, in my opinion, to recognize as
distinct species or even as varieties. Nothopanax Bockii Harms and N. latifolius
Hand.-Maz., being apparently variations of this nature, are treated here as
straight synonyms.
2. Nothopanax Delavayi (Franch.) Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 488. 1900; W. W.
Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 14: 379, 1924, 17: 109, 182, 400. 1929-30; Hand.-
Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 695. 1933; Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 15: 115. 1934.
Panax Delavayi Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 305. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim. 75. 1897; Diels,
Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 33. 1912; Lévl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915.
Acanthopanax Delavayi Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 4: 42. 1906.
Aralia Bodinieri Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 143. 1914, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 34. 1914.
Heptapleurum Esquirolii Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 45. 1914, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou
35. 1914.
A shrub 1-5 m. tall, commonly with 3—5-digitately foliolate leaves, these occa-
sionally simple, and with flowers in paniculate umbels. Leaves coriaceous, petio-
late, exstipulate, glabrous, green above, pale beneath; petioles slender, 4-12 cm.
long ; leaflets 2-5, generally 3 or 5, sessile to short-petiolulate, oblong-lanceolate,
6-12 cm. long, 1—2.5 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base narrowly cuneate,
the margins subentire to denticulate-crenate, the lateral nerves 6-8 on both sides,
68 SARGENTIA (2
inconspicuous on both surfaces ; petiolules 0-1 cm. long. Inflorescence a terminal
panicle, to 15 cm. long, glabrous, the flowers in racemosely arranged umbels, the
lower branches sometimes compound, the umbels 12—15-flowered, 2 cm. in diam-
eter, the peduncles 1—1.5 cm. long, the pedicels 0.5 cm. long, articulate under the
flower. Calyx-margin subentire to minutely 5-dentate. Petals 5, triangular-
ovate, 1.5 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments 2 mm. long. Ovary 2-celled, the
styles connate into a single column, the disk slightly elevated. Fruit flattened, 5
mm. across, the styles 2, 2-3 mm. long, connate at base, diverging at tip.
SIKANG: We-si Hsien, Yeh-chih, C. W. Wang 70447 (AA).
YuNNAN: No precise locality, Forrest 9590 (AA), 10691 = 10676 (AA), 10826 (AA),
11708 (AA), 11751 (AA); Salween Valley, Forrest 6215 (AA); Chien-chuan-Mekong di-
vide, Forrest 23124 (AA, W); Mengtze, Henry 9927 (NY, W), 9927B (AA), 9927C (AA),
9927D (NY); San Ying Pan, C. Schneider 395 (AA); Likiang, C. Schneider 2236 (AA);
Chungtien, Handel-Mazzetti 4456 (AA); Tai-haosse, O. Schoh 325 (AA, W); Pe Yen Tsin,
Simeon Ten 32 (AA), 537 (AA, W); Yangpi, J. F. Rock 6203 (AA, W); Pinpo, J. F.
Rock 6951 (AA, NY, W); west of Likiang, near Ngaza, J. F. Rock 10571 (AA, NY, W);
Mt. Kenyichunpo and region of Champutong, J. ’. Rock 11633 (AA, W); Lan-ping Hsien,
H. T. Tsai 54028 (AA), 56134 (AA), 56278 (AA); no precise locality, H. T. Tsai 57524
(AA); Pin-chuan Hsien, H. T. Tsai 52942 (AA); Wei-si Hsien, H. T. Tsai 57866 (AA),
59848 (AA), 63008 (AA), 63013 (AA); Wei-si Hsien, C. W. Wang 67747 (AA); Huann-
fu-ping, A-tung-tze, C. W. Wang 69157 (AA); Chi-na-tung, Cham-pu-tung, C. W. Wang
699994 (AA); Monhua, Wipoushan, T. T. Yii 18283 (AA); Salwin Valley, Sekai, T. T.
Yii 23059 (AA); Ta-hou-shan near Ta-koo, K. M. Feng 624 (AA); southeast of Chungtien,
between Bodo and Haba, K. M. Feng 2069 (AA), 2423 (AA); northeastern Likiang, Tsai-
koo Snow Mt., K. M. Feng 2487 (AA); southern Chungtien, Chiao-tou on the Yangtze
Bank, K. M. Feng 3186 (AA); southern Chungtien, Wu-tso on the Yangtze, K. M. Feng
3335 (AA); northwestern Likiang, Tamichung, Rk. C. Ching 21488 (AA); northwestern
Likiang, Tsze-kou on the Yangtze, Rk. C. Ching 21598 (AA); northwestern Likiang, Ta-
chen, R. C. Ching 21895 (AA).
Kweicnow: Pin-fa, J. Cavalerie 871 (holotype of Heptapleurum Esquiroliu Lévl., photo.
AA); Gan-lin, L. Martin in herb. Bodinier 2696 (syntype of Aralia Bodinieri Lévl., photo.
AA).
3. Nothopanax Rosthornii Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 487. 1900; Harms & Rehder in
Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 557. 1916; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924.
Acanthopanax Rosthornii Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 4: 42. 1906.
A glabrous shrub, 5-8 m. tall, with digitately 5—7-foliolate leaves, the flowers
in paniculate umbels. Leaves digitately compound, petiolate, exstipulate; pe-
tioles slender, 4-20 cm. long ; leaflets 3-7, short-petiolulate, chartaceous, glabrous,
dark green above, pale beneath, obovate-lanceolate, 6-12 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm.
wide, the apex short-acuminate (acumen often curved), the base attenuate, the
margins remotely denticulate-crenate to denticulate-serrate, the lateral nerves
8-10 on both sides, inconspicuous on both surfaces; petiolules 0.3-1 cm. long.
Inflorescence a terminal panicle, glabrous, to 15 cm. long, the flowers in race-
mosely arranged umbels, on the branches of the panicle, the umbels 6—11-flowered,
about 1.5 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 1-1.5 cm. long, the pedicels 5-6 mm.
long, articulate under the flower. Calyx-margin subentire. Petals 5, triangular-
ovate, 2 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments 3 mm. long. Ovary 2-celled, the
disk much elevated, hemispherical, the styles united into a column. Fruit ovoid,
4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, the style-column 1.5—2 mm. long, bifid at tip.
Hupeu: Without precise locality, Wilson 2497 (AA); Hsing-shan Hsien, Wilson 1961
in part (AA, G).
SzECHUAN: Hung-ya Hsien, Wilson 1961 in part (AA, W); Mt. Omei, Wilson 4938
(AA); Kuan Hsien, . T. Wang 2080 (AA).
This species can be distinguished from Nothopanax Davidti (Franch.) Harms
and N. Delavayi (Franch.) Harms by its leaves being chartaceous and all 3-7-
foliolate, and by having fewer flowers in the umbels, ovoid fruits, and styles
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 69
bifid only at tip in fruit. Leaves that are digitately compound can be distin-
guished from those of N. Delavayi in their leaflets being broader and widest
above the middle.
XII. AcaAntTHopANAx Miquel
Acanthopanax Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 10. 1863.
Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or hairy, usually prickly, rarely unarmed.
Leaves digitately compound; stipules wanting or very weakly developed. Flow-
ers perfect or polygamous, in terminal umbels, solitary or few together, or form-
ing large terminal panicles, the pedicels slightly or not articulate under the flower.
Calyx-margin minutely 5-dentate. Petals 5, rarely 4, valvate. Stamens as
many as the petals, the anthers oblong. Ovary 2, sometimes 3—5-celled. Styles
2-5, distinct or connate at base. Fruit laterally compressed or subglobose, 2-5-
seeded ; seeds compressed ; endosperm uniform.
About 30 species in eastern Asia and the Himalayan region, one extending
southward to the Philippines.
Type species: Acanthopanax spinosus (Linn. f.) Mig. (Panax spinosus
Linn. f.).
Key To SPECIES AND VARIETIES
A. Styles 5, united throughout their whole length into a single column. (Section I.
Eleutherococcus (Maxim.) Harms.)
B. Leaflets distinctly petiolulate.
C. Leaflets glabrous or pubescent, not setose or only very slightly so.
D. Branches usually densely covered with slender bristle-like prickles.
1. A. senticosus.
DD. Branches unarmed or with few and usually reflexed prickles.
£. Branches glabrous; prickles slender; peduncles usually slender, glabrous, without
prickles. :
I’. Leaflets 5-foliolate, rarely 3—4-foliolate.
G. Leaflets glabrous: <.25 pee ee des wae ee 2. A. leucorrhizus.
GG. Leaflets scabrous-pubescent above, fulvous-pubescent along the veins be-
neath.
H. Leaflets serrate or slightly double-serrate, without bristles.
2a. A. leucorrhisus var. fulvescens.
HH. Leaflets double-serrate, with setose-acuminate teeth, bristly on the petio-
lules and the midrib beneath ........ 2b. A. leucorrhizus var. scaberulus.
FF, Leaflets 3-foliolate, rarely 4-5-foliolate ................ 3. A. setchuenensis.
EE. Branches rough-pubescent at first, later glabrous, the prickles short, conical;
peduncles stout and pubescent.
I’, Leaflets pubescent along the veins beneath; pedicels glabrous or slightly
pubescent ... ....40 sax ange EMMIS, fo sa. cs cedcvaclows 4. A. Henryi.
FF. Leaflets glabrous beneath; pedicels very pubescent..4a. A. Henryi var. Faleri.
CC. Leaflets bristly or with setose hairs on both surfaces ............... 5. A. Simonii.
BB. Leaflets very short-petiolulate or almost sessile.
C. Petiolules short, 2-4 cm. long; leaflets obovate to oblong, small, 3.5-5.5 X 1.5-2.3 cm.,
the apex rounded to obtuse, the margins entire; umbels 1 or 2 ......6. A. brachypus.
CC. Petiolules long, 10-16 cm. long; leaflets oblong-elliptic, large, 14-17 X 5.5-8 cm., the
apex acuminate, the margins serrulate-dentate; umbels more than 2. —
7. A. phanerophlebius.
AA. Styles 2-5, divided at least at the apex.
B. Branches prickly.
C. Flowers subsessile or on short pubescent pedicels, 3-10 mm. long; styles 2. (Section
II. Cephalopanax Baill.)
D. Styles united into a single column, bifid at tip only.
E. Leaflets usually 5, rough-pubescent beneath; pedicels 3-10 mm. long.
8. A. divaricatus.
70 SARGENTIA [2
EE. Leaflets usually 3, glabrous or nearly so beneath; pedicels very short, almost
wanting.
F’, Leaflets obovate to oblong-lanceolate, large, 8-18 cm. long; umbels 3.5 cm.
BOPOSSHE TLE Peeled Gill. IONS s,s ceniente sae ova coe Mee cee ome 9. A. sessiliflorus.
FF. Leaflets elliptic, small, 5-9 cm. long; umbels less than 3.5 cm. across; fruit
eCYG + OL WIGS Sel terete i iees'y cers ec cieteia de ss ived 9a. A. sessiliflorus var. parviceps.
DD, Styles 2, united at base or to middle only; pedicels 5-7 mm. long; leaflets 3.
10. A. lasiogyne.
CC. Flowers slender-pedicellate, the pedicels glabrous; styles 2-5.
D. Umbels usually solitary; styles more or less united into a column or to middle or
only at base. (Section III. Euacanthopanax Harms.)
E. Styles 3-5, free or united to middle.
Pape wee SOO OE ORE TPOE iss ce eens cas oes es Seeerweeees 11. A. cissifolius.
FF, Styles united at base or to above middle.
G. Styles united only at base or at most to middle.
H. Branches more or less densely prickly.
I. Prickles conical, reflexed, slightly broadened at base ........ 12. A. Yui
II, Prickles bristle-like, spreading or reflexed, narrow at base.
F< MAUR GOMES OCICS © Goes icin csc cpusetdeesanss 13. A. Giraldti
JJ, Branches unarmed or nearly so.
K. Leaflets obovate to obovate-oblong, glabrous, the margins irregularly
CIP ONUMON <4. spi Vacec aan via ses 13a. A. Giraldii var. inermis.
KK. Leaflets lanceolate to oblanceolate, sparingly scabrid above, short-
villose-pilose beneath, the margins simple-serrate.
13b. A. Giraldti var. pilosulus.
HH. Branches unarmed or prickly only at nodes.
I. Branches glabrous, unarmed or only bristle-prickly at the nodes.
J. Leaflets oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 4-5.5 X 0.5-1.6 cm.; pedun-
Cles te hoo vem alone: 5 c.cakkh cox ous os eee Sees 14. A, Wilsonii.
JJ. Leaflets narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 2-6.5 X 0.4-1.5 cm.;
peduncles 1 cm. or less long ..........20..: »....15. A. stenophyllus.
II. Branches densely covered with bristles and with a single prickle at the
BASE “Ose Debiole ve ccee. noe ste sicisd a: 5 rs SR eae, 16. A. setulosus.
GG. Styles united to middle or above.
H. Peduncles short, 1-2 cm. long; styles united into a short conical column,
their tips distinct and fecurved!,;....«. 0. ame nace 17. A. Rehderianus.
HH. Peduncles slender, 5-10 cm. long; styles connate into a slender column
ORTTY BO BOOR Saabs 5 28s.0. eaeands 6d ose ne eens 18. A. Sieboldianus.
EE. Styles 2, free or united at base.
F, Leaflets glabrous or sometimes very slightly setulose ..... 19. A. gracilistylus.
FF. Leaflets pubescent to villose or scabrid.
G. Leaflets glabrous above, pubescent especially along the nerves beneath.
19a. A. gracilistylus var. pubescens.
GG. Leaflets glabrous to slightly setulose above, villose beneath, slightly setulose
Blane. the: Mervesg.a tetera can ns 19b. A. gracilistylus var. villosulus.
GGG. Leaflets scabrid-setulose above, scabrid to pubescent beneath.
19c. A. gracilistylus var. nodiflorus.
DD. Umbels usually 4-7 at ends of branches, rarely solitary; styles 2, united to middle
or only at base. (Section IV. Xanthoxylopanaxy Harms.)
E. Prickles recurved at their tips; petioles scattered-prickly ; peduncles 2-7 cm. long;
pedicels 1 cm. long; fruit compressed.
F. Leaflets glabrous or very slightly setose along the midrib and veins above;
UR IG sips 6 a nes Cae ginivnes s.04 iss coe 20. A. trifoliatus.
FF, Leaflets more or less densely setose along the midrib and veins above; margins
WIQUIDIVESELOSE-—SERUALE: 4 6 6-0-4: + sieradie min sunin.edie * 4's 20a. A. trifoliatus var. setosus.
EE. Prickles more or less straight; petioles unarmed; peduncles 1-2 cm. long; pedi-
cels 5-10 mm. long; fruits very much compressed .............. 21. A. Wardit.
BB, Branches unarmed; umbels several in a raceme or compound umbel; styles 2-4, united
at base or to middle. (Section V. Evodiopanax Harms.)
C. Leaflets glabrous, ferruginous-tomentose in axils of nerves beneath; peduncles and
pedicels glabrous.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 71
D. Leaflets 3; umbels few- to many-flowered; pedicels in fruit 1-3.5 cm. long.
22. A. evodiaefolius.
DD. Leaflets mostly 5; umbels few-flowered; pedicels in fruit 1-2.5 cm. long.
22a. A. evodiaefolius var. gracilis.
CC. Leaflets ferruginous-tomentose on lateral nerves beneath; peduncles and pedicels
ferruginous-tomentose ...............00000- 22b. A. evodiaefolius var. ferrugineus.
1. Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl. Nat.
Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 50. 1894; Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 193. 1914;
Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 7. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1:
188. 1924; Lee, For. Bot. China 869. 1935.
Hedera senticosus Rupr. & Maxim. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. St. Pétersb. 15: 134. 1856,
367. 1857.
Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim. Mém. Div. Sav. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 9: 132. 1859
(Prim. Fl. Amur.) ; Regel, Gartenfl. 12: 84. t. 393. 1863; Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 162. 1868,
Revis. Heder. 80. 1868; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 145. 1884; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 23: 342. 1888; Yabe, Enum. Pl. Manch. 98. 1912; Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5:
9. 1924, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 31. t. 6. 1927; Nakai, Honda, Satake, & Kitagawa, Rep.
Ist. Sci. Exp. Manch. 6(6): 35. 1936.
Acanthopanax Eleutherococcus Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 12: 19. 1898.
A shrub 1-5 m. tall, with upright sparingly branched stems usually densely
covered with prickles, 5- or sometimes 3-foliolate leaves, and terminal umbels,
solitary or 2-4 arranged together. Prickles sometimes scattered, usually very
slender, long, often pointing backward, narrow at base, commonly more densely
arranged at bases of petioles. Leaves 5- or sometimes 3-foliolate, petiolate ;
petioles slender, 3-12 cm. long, with or without fine prickles ; leaflets chartaceous,
short-petiolulate, dark green above, with or without scattered hairs, light green
beneath, commonly brownish pubescent on the veins when young, elliptic-obovate
to oblong, 7-13 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, the median ones often slightly larger, the
apex short-acuminate, the base cuneate, the margins sharply and doubly serrate,
the lateral nerves about 6-7 on each side, conspicuous on both surfaces, the ter-
tiary veins indistinct; petiolules 0.5—2 cm. long, brownish-pubescent, sometimes
covered with fine bristles. Inflorescence of terminal umbels, solitary or 2—4 to-
gether, the umbels many-flowered, 3-4 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 5-7 cm.
long, glabrous, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long, glabrous or slightly pubescent near base.
Calyx glabrous, the margin subentire to indistinctly 5-dentate. Petals 5, ovate,
1.5 mm. long, glabrous on both surfaces. Stamens 5, the filaments 1.5 mm. long.
Ovary 5-celled, the styles united into a single column. Fruit subglobose to ovoid,
about 8 mm. long and 6 mm. thick, 5-angular, the style-column 1.5 mm. long.
SHANSI: Great Wall pass, J. Hers 2604 (AA); Chiao-cheng District, Pa-shui-ko-shan,
H, Smith 7785 (AA); Lin-shih Hsien, Mien-shan, T. Tang 982 (AA); Fangshan Hsien,
Kaoti Mt., T. Tang 1481 (AA, W).
Hoper: Hsiao-wu-tai-shan, /. N. Meyer 1365 (AA, NY), 1369 (AA, NY); Hsiao-
wu-tai-shan, Yang-kia-ping, H. Smith 306 (AA); Hsiao-wu-tai-shan, J. Hers 1467 (AA);
Lin Shan, J. C. Liu 1481 (AA); Eastern Tomb, C. F. Li 11234 (NY), H. T. Tsai. 50263
(AA) ; Yang-kia-ping, C. W. Wang 60500 (AA) ; Hsi-ling-shan, C. W. Wang 61060 (AA).
Mancuvuria: Amur, Maximowicz s. n. (NY); Amur River, L. Schrank s. n. (G);
Chang-pei-shan to Tang-ho-ko, Sungari River, H. E. M. James s. n. (NY); Mukden, V.
Komarov 149 (AA, NY); Amur River, S. Korshinsky s. n. (G, W); eastern Siberia and
Manchuria, C. S. Sargent s.n. (AA); east of Harbin, C. S. Sargent s. n. (AA); Maoershan
Station, B. V. Skvortzov s. n. (AA); Hsiaolin, P. H. & J. H. Dorsett 40724 (NY, W);
Kaolingtzu, P. H. Dorsett 5984 (AA, W); Kirin, near Wochiukow, O-muhsien, H. W. Kung
1896 (NY); Kirin, F. H. Chen 426 (AA); Hsiaoling, B. V. Skvortzov s. n. (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Korea, Sachlin, and Japan.
This species is especially characterized by its slender, usually backwardly
pointed, bristle-like prickles.
72 SARGENTIA [2
la. Acanthopanax senticosus f. subinermis (Regel) comb. nov.
Eleutherococcus senticosus B subinermis Regel, Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. VII. 4(4):
73. 1861 (Tent. Fl. Ussur.) ; Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 10. 1924.
Eleutherococcus senticosus {. inermis Komarov, Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 121. 1907 (FI.
Mansh. III.).
Acanthopanax senticosus {. inermis Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 8. 1918.
Branches smooth or with very few prickles; leaves and umbels slightly larger
than in the typical form.
SHANsI: Yuan-chu District, Ye-cho-shan, H. Smith 6499 (AA); Tsiliyu, Ho-schan,
E. Licent 12209 (AA).
Honan: Tsi Yuan Hsien, Tien Tan Shan, J. Hers 1893 (AA).
Hoper: MHsiao-wu-tai-shan, Tien-ling-ssu, H. Smith 912 (AA).
Cuanar: No precise locality, C. W. Wang 62262 (AA).
Mancuuria: Mifun Station, B. V. Skvortgov s. n. (AA).
2. Acanthopanax leucorrhizus (Oliv.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
3(8): 49. 1894; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 488. 1900; Bean, Bot. Mag. 161: t.
8607. 1915; Harms in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 557. 1916, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges.
27: 9. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924; Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 9:
98. 1928; Lee, For. Bot. China 869. 1935.
Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus Oliv. in Hook. Icon. 18: ¢. 1711. 1887; Forbes & Hemsl.
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 342. 1888; Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 29. 1927.
A shrub 2-4 m. tall, glabrous throughout, the branches nearly unarmed or with
1-6 prickles at nodes, the leaves commonly 5-foliolate, the umbels terminal, soli-
tary or several together in a corymbose cluster. Prickles slender, reflexed,
sharply pointed, the internodes occasionally prickly. Leaves commonly 5-, some-
times 3-4-foliolate, petiolate; petioles 3-7 cm. long, occasionally armed toward
tip with 1 or 2 prickles; leaflets chartaceous, short-petiolulate, glabrous, obovate,
oblong, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 5-12 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, the apex acumi-
nate, the base cuneate, the margins sharply double-serrate, the lateral nerves about
6-10 on each side, distinct on both surfaces, the tertiary nerves inconspicuous ;
petiolules 3-6 mm. long. Inflorescence of terminal umbels, solitary or several
together in a corymbose cluster, the umbels many-flowered, 4-5 cm. in diameter,
the peduncles 4-10 cm. long, glabrous, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx
glabrous, the margin minutely 5-dentate. Petals 5, ovate, acute, 2 mm. long,
glabrous, reflexed. Stamens 5, the filaments 2 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the
styles united into a column. Fruit globose-ovoid, 3-7 mm. long, slightly angular,
the style-column persistent, short.
Kansu: Chi-shan, FP. N. Meyer 1769 (NY); Lien-hoa Shan, J. F. Rock 13665 (AA);
Lower Tebbu country, Wantsang, J. F. Rock 14669 (AA), 14721 (AA, W), 15023 (AA).
Huren: No precise locality, Henry 2573 (W), 2580 (W), 7909 (G, NY); Chang-yang
Hsien, Wilson 1965 (AA, G, W), 1967 in part (AA, G) ; Patung Hsien, Wilson 1967 in part
(AA, W); western Hupeh, Wilson 2229 (AA, NY, W); Wan Tsao Shan, W. Y. Chun
3915 (AA).
SZECHUAN: Mt. Omei, Wilson 4936 (AA); W. P. Fang 2795 (AA), 2861 (AA), 6692
(AA), 6723A (AA, NY), 6713 (AA, NY, W), 7655 (AA), 7762 (AA), F. T. Wang
ree (AA), Y. S. Liu 1181 (AA), 1190 (AA); O-pien Hsien, Y. S. Liu 2246 (AA), 2248
YUNNAN: Litiping Range, Mekong-Yangtze divide, east of Weihsi, J. F. Rock 11553
(AA, W) ; Wei-si Hsien, H. T. Tsai 57912 (AA), 57929 (AA), 57939 (AA), 59587 (AA);
no data, H. T. Tsai 57797 (AA); Wei-si Hsien, Yeh-chih, C. W. Wang 78076 (AA) ; north-
western Likiang, Tamichung, R. C. Ching 21449 (AA).
This species is related to Acanthopanax Henryi (Oliv.) Harms and A.
Simonti Schneider, but may be readily distinguished by its glabrous leaves. It
is also closely related to A. senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms, differing in
the stem being unarmed or few-prickled at the nodes only, the glabrous leaflets,
the shorter style-column, and the slightly angular fruits.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA A 73
2a. Acanthopanax leucorrhizus var. fulvescens Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils.
2: 558. 1916; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 10. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci.
Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; Lee, For. Bot. China 869. 1935.
Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus var. fulvescens Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 27. 1927.
Acanthopanax longipes Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 696. 1933, syn. nov.
Leaves 3—5-foliolate, the leaflets mostly elliptic, large and broad, sharply and
closely serrate and often slightly double-serrate, scabrous-pubescent above, ful-
vous-pubescent on the veins beneath; petiolules densely fulvous-pubescent.
Hvuren: Fang Hsien, Wilson 288 (paratype, AA, W); Wan Tsao Shan, W. Y. Chun
3922 (AA).
SzECHUAN and SIKANG: Wen-chuen Hsien, Wilson 1975 (noLotypE, AA, isotype, W) ;
Tachienlu, Wilson 1001 (paratype, AA, W), 1023 (paratype, AA, G, W), 3693A (paratype,
AA); Sungpan Ting, Wilson 4558 (paratype, AA) ; Li-fan Hsien, F. T. Wang 21613 (AA) ;
Mao Hsien, F. T. Wang 21948 (AA); Mt. Omei, F. T. Wang 23335 (AA), Y. S. Liu 1616
(AA); Konting, C. Y. Chiao 1806 (AA).
YunNAN: Between the Yangtze and the Mekong, Handel-Maszzetti 7865 (isotype of
Acanthopanax longipes Hand.-Maz., AA); Liang-shan, I’cho, H. T. Tsai 51291 (AA); no
data, H. T. Tsai 57366 (AA); Wei-si Hsien, Yeh-chih, C. W. Wang 68337 (AA).
Acanthopanax longipes Hand.-Maz. is herewith reduced to synonymy after
an examination of the isotype. Among the specimens cited above, Wilson 288
and 4558, Wang 68337, Tsai 51291, and Handel-Mazzetti 7865 have the leaves
distinctly double-serrate like the variety scaberulus Harms & Rehder. However,
they lack the bristles on the veins and the petiolules and apparently represent a
transition to that variety.
2b. Acanthopanax leucorrhizus var. scaberulus Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2:
558. 1916; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 10. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 186. 1924; W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 133. 1929; Lee,
For. Bot. China 869. 1935.
Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus var. scaberulus Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 29. 1927.
Leaves always 5-foliolate, the leaflets smaller and narrower than in the species,
obovate-oblong to oblanceolate, distinctly doubly serrate, the teeth acuminate to
setose-acuminate, scabrous above, more or less fulvous-pubescent along the veins
beneath, with spreading or slightly reflexed bristles on the petiolules and on the
midrib beneath.
Krancst: Lushan, 4. N. Steward 4724 (AA, G, W).
Hurenw: Fang Hsien, Wilson 323 (nototypr, AA, isotype, W), 323A (paratype, AA,
G, NY, W); Patung Hsien, Wilson 323B (paratype, AA); without precise locality, Henry
5950E (AA), 5950C (G, W), 6503B (AA, G).
SZECHUAN: Washan, Wilson 1966 (paratype, AA, G, W); Omei Shan, Y. S. Liu 1164
(AA), 1272 (AA), W. P. Fang 12870 (AA), 12932 (AA), C. Y. Chiao & C. S. Fan 273
(AA), 717 (AA), 802 (AA).
SIKANG: Konting, C. Y. Chiao 2052 (AA).
3. Acanthopanax setchuenensis Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 488. 1900; Harms, op cit.
36: Beibl. 82: 81. 1905; Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 559. 1916; Harms,
Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 10. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188
1924; Lee, For. Bot. China 870. 1935.
Eleutherococcus setchuenensis Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 30. 1927.
A shrub to 3 m. tall, the branches yellowish, unarmed or with few prickles, the
leaves mostly 3-foliolate, the umbels terminal, 3-7 together. Prickles nearly
straight, commonly grouped at base of petioles. Leaves 3-foliolate, very rarely
5-foliolate, petiolate ; petioles 4-10 cm. long; leaflets coriaceous, petiolulate, dark
green above, glaucescent beneath, glabrous, oblong-elliptic to ovate-oblong, 5-12
cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, the apex acuminate to cuspidate, the base broadly cuneate
or nearly rounded, the lateral ones often oblique, the margins remotely and ir-
regularly serrulate or serrate-dentate to nearly entire, the lateral nerves about 8
74 SARGENTIA [2
on each side, subconspicuous above, distinct beneath, the tertiary veins very
slightly impressed above, inconspicuous beneath; petiolules 3-8 mm. long. In-
florescence of 3—7 umbels clustered together, terminal, glabrous, the umbels many-
flowered, about 3 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 1-3 cm. long, the middle ones
sometimes to 10 cm. long, the pedicels 0.6-2 cm. long. Calyx glabrous, the
margin 5-dentate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 2 mm. long, glabrous, reflexed.
Stamens 5, the filaments 2.5 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles connate into, a
column. Fruit broadly ellipsoid, 6-8 mm. long, black, the style-column_per-
sistent, very short, about 1 cm. long.
SuHENsi: Lao-y-shan, J. Giraldi s.n. (AA); Tai-pei-shan, W. Purdom 2 (AA); Lung-
chow, Kuan Shan, J. Hers 2363 (AA).
Hvureu: No precise locality, Henry 5950B (AA, G, W), 6521 (G, W), 6630 (G, W);
Fang Hsien, Wilson 620 (AA, G, NY, W); Hsing-shan Hsien, Wilson 1968 (AA, G, W) ;
Wan Tsao Shan, W. Y. Chun 3893 (AA); Lung Men Ho, W. Y. Chun 4020 (AA), 4365
(W).
SzeECHUAN and SIKANG: No precise locality, C. Bock and A. Rosthorn 2573 (syntype,
AA); Tachienlu, Wilson 3693 (AA), 1044 (AA) ; Muping, Wilson 865 (AA, W) ; Wa-chan,
Wilson 1113 (AA, W); Kuan Hsien, W. P. Fang 2247 (AA, NY); south and east of Miao
Hsien, fF. T. Wang 21964 (AA).
Kwericnuow: Lao Shan, Fan Ching Shan, Steward, Chiao & Cheo 505 (W).
A species closely allied to Acanthopanax leucorrhizus Harms and distinguished
from it by the almost invariably 3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets being glaucous be-
neath, more coriaceous, and with more remote and shallow serrations.
4. Acanthopanax Henryi (Oliv.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8):
49, 1894; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 488. 1900; Harms op. cit. 36: Beibl. 82: 80.
1905; Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 424, f. 289 h-i, 290b. 1909; O. Stapf, Bot.
Mag. 135: ft. 8316. 1910; Sprenger, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 20: 240. 1911; Harms
& Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 557. 1916; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27:
11. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924; Lee, For. Bot. China 869. 1935.
Eleutherococcus Henryi Oliv. in Hook. Icon. 18: t. 1711. 1887; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 341. 1888; Hesse, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 22: 272. 1913; Nakai,
Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 28. 1927.
A shrub about 1-3 m. tall, the branches rough-pubescent when young, soon
becoming glabrous, armed with stout slightly recurved prickles, the leaves mostly
5-foliolate, the umbels several clustered together at the end of lateral branches.
Leaves 5-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate, petiolate; petioles 4-7 cm. long, scabrous;
leaflets chartaceous, subsessile to short-petiolulate, deep green and scabrid above,
paler and more or less pubescent especially along the nerves beneath, obovate to
oblong, 3-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, the terminal ones often larger, the apex
acute or short-acuminate, the base narrowly cuneate, the margins entire or often
serrulate toward apex, the lateral nerves about 7 on each side, distinct on both
faces, the tertiary veins inconspicuous; petiolules 0-7 mm. long, scabrid. In-
florescence of several umbels clustered together at end of lateral branches, the
umbels many-flowered, 1-3 cm. in diameter, the terminal much larger than the
others; peduncles stout, glabrous to pubescent, 1-3 cm. long, the pedicels 0.8-1.5
cm. long, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Calyx glabrous or slightly pubescent,
the margin subentire. Petals 5, ovate, 2 mm. long, reflexed. Stamens 5, the
filaments 2 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles united into a column. Fruit
globose-ellipsoid, 8 mm. long, black, slightly 5-angular, the style-column per-
sistent, slender, 2 mm. long.
Suenst: Kian-shan, J. Giraldi s. n. (AA).
Honan: Sunghsien, Shih Tse Miao, J. Hers 1240 (AA).
Horrr: Po Hua Shan, T. F. King 520 (NY).
CHEKIANG: No precise locality, Barchet 197 (W).
Huren: No precise locality, Henry 4832 (G), 7609 (NY, G); Hsing-shan Hsien,
Wilson 379 (AA, W), 1977 (AA); Hsin-tien-tsze, W. Y. Chun 4038 (AA).
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 75
4a. Acanthopanax Henryi var. Faberi Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 12. 1918.
Eleutherococcus sp. Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 342. 1888.
Differs from the typical form in the leaflets being glabrous beneath, the serra-
tions often broad, the umbels small, the pedicels commonly very pubescent, and
the calyx often puberulous.
CHEKIANG: Tienmushan, T. N. Liou 263 (NY).
5. Acanthopanax Simonii Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 426. f. 290c. 1909; Dunn,
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 413. 1911; Bean, Trees and Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 133.
1914: Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 559. 1916; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch.
Dendr. Ges. 27: 12. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; Hand.-Maz.
Symb. Sin. 7: 697. 1933; Lee, For. Bot. China 870. 1935.
Eleutherococcus Simonii Decne. ex Simon-Louis, Preisverzeichnis Herbst 1902 und
Frithjahr 1903. 33. 1902, nomen nudum; Hesse, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. iweme oe: 2/2. f.
1913; Goez, op. cit. 25: 168. 1916; Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 30. 1927.
Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus Hort. ex Gard. Chron. III. 38: 404. f. 152. 1905; non Oliv.
A shrub to 3 m. tall, the branches glabrous and smooth or with several stout
slightly curved prickles below the petioles, the leaves 5-foliolate, the umbels 2-5
together at end of branches. Leaves 5-foliolate, seldom 3-4-foliolate, petiolate ;
petioles 5-7 cm. long, often with slender prickles; leaflets chartaceous, bright
green, bristly on both surfaces, subsessile to short-petiolulate, oblong to oblanceo-
late, 4-12 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, the middle ones larger, the lateral ones much
smaller, the apex acuminate, the base cuneate, the margins sharply and doubly
serrate, the lateral nerves about 8-10 on each side, distinct on both surfaces, the
tertiary veins inconspicuous; petiolules 2-7 mm. long, prickly or not. Inflores-
cence of umbels, 2-5 together at end of branches, glabrous, short-pedunculate,
the umbels many-flowered, 2-3 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 1-5 cm. long, gla-
brous, the pedicels slender, glabrous, 4-10 mm. long, the flowers small, green.
Calyx glabrous, the margin subentire to minutely 5-dentate. Petals 5, ovate,
acute, 1.5 mm. long, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed. Stamens 5, the fila-
ments 1.5 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles connate into a short column.
Fruit globose-ovoid, 5-6 mm. across, slightly 5-angular, black, the style-column
persistent, short, about 1.5 mm. long.
No PRECISE LOCALITY: C. Schneider s. n. (AA).
Hunan: Yun-schan, Handel-Massetti 835 = 12488 (AA).
Huren: Western Hupeh, Henry 6503 (AA, G), 6503A (W); western Hupeh, Wilson
1456 (AA, NY), 2229A (NY).
YuNNAN: Chen-hsiung Hsien, H. T. Tsai 52740 (AA).
Kweicnuow: Tuyun, Y. Tsiang 5746 (NY); Tating, Y. Tsiang 8878 (NY).
This species is very near Acanthopanax leucorrhizus Harms but can be distin-
guished by the bristly leaves, by the inflorescence which consists of several short-
stalked umbels, and by the stout recurved prickles.
6. Acanthopanax brachypus Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 36: Beibl. 82: 80. 1905; Dunn, Jour.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 413. 1911; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 13. 1918;
Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924; Lee, For. Bot. China 868. 1935.
Eleutherococcus brachypus Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 27. 1927.
A shrub with glabrous branches, unarmed or sometimes with a single prickle
at the nodes, the leaves 3—5-foliolate, very short-petiolate, the inflorescence in
umbels, 1 or 2 terminating the branches. Prickles short, pointing backward.
Leaves very short-petiolate ; petioles 2-4 mm. or less long; leaflets chartaceous,
glabrous, sessile or short-petiolulate, obovate to obovate-oblong, 3-6 cm. long,
1-2.5 cm. wide, the apex rounded or short-acute, the base narrowly attenuate,
the margins entire, the lateral nerves about 3-5 on each side, subconspicuous
above, elevated and prominent beneath, the tertiary veins slightly impressed
above, inconspicuous beneath; petiolules 0-1 cm. long. Flowers unknown.
Fruiting inflorescence of umbels, 1 or 2 terminating the branches, glabrous,
76 SARGENTIA (2
the umbels many-fruited, the peduncles 3-6 cm. long, the pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long.
Fruit subglobose, 5 mm. long, strongly 5-angular, the styles united into a single
column, persistent, about 2 mm. long.
SHeNst: Fukio, Giraldi 36 (nototyrr, photo. and merotype in AA).
This species is characterized by its very short-petiolate leaves.
7. Acanthopanax phanerophlebius Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 12. ¢. 6. 1934.
An erect to subscandent shrub, the branches unarmed and glabrous, castaneous-
pubescent when young, the leaves 3—4-foliolate, the umbels terminal, several
loosely arranged together. Leaves petiolate; petioles 10-16 cm. long; leaflets
chartaceous, sessile to subsessile, glabrous, oblong-elliptic, 14-17 cm. long, 5.5-8
cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base of median ones narrowly attenuate, sym-
metrical, of the lateral ones very unequal, broad, 2-nerved and rounded on the
outside, acute on the inside, the margins serrate-dentate, the lateral nerves about
10 on each side, distinct and elevated on both surfaces, the tertiary nerves con-
spicuous and elevated on both surfaces. Inflorescence of umbels, several loosely
arranged together, terminal, about 18 cm. long, castaneous-pubescent when young,
the umbels many-flowered, 2.5 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 4-6 cm. long, more
or less umbellately arranged on the main axis, the bracts ovate, acuminate, pubes-
cent, about 5 mm. long, the bracteoles lanceolate, acuminate, 3 mm. long, the
pedicels about 1 cm. long, slender, ferruginous-pubescent. Calyx pubescent out-
side, 5-dentate, the lobes oblong, obtuse, 1 mm. long. Petals 5, oblong-ovate,
acute, 2.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, slightly coherent, glabrous to obscurely pubescent
toward tips. Ovary 2-4-celled, the disk elevated, hemispherical, the styles united
into a single column, 1-1.2 cm. long.
KWANGTUNG: Sunyi, Wokchong Ping, S. P. Ko 51780 (HOLOTYPE, NY); Sunyi, Falon
Shan, C. Wang 30911 (NY).
A species characterized by being entirely unarmed and by its lax inflorescence,
the castaneous indumentum on the young parts and the inflorescences, and its
3—4-foliolate leaves, the leaflets large, more or less sessile, with prominent nerves
and very inequilateral outer leaflets. It closely resembles Brassaiopsis tripteris
(Lévl.) Rehder and is undoubtedly congeneric with that species. As Brassaiop-
sis typically has 2-celled ovaries, it does not seem to be desirable to transfer
Acanthopanax phanerophlebius to that genus at the present time. When more
complete material is available it may, however, be desirable to make some other
generic disposition of this apparently distinct form as well as of Brassaiopsis
tripteris. Unfortunately the material available for study representing Brassatop-
sis tripteris and Acanthopanax phanerophlebius is at present very limited. The
fruits of both are as yet unknown.
8. Acanthopanax divaricatus (Sieb. & Zucc.) Seem. Jour. Bot. 5: 239, 1867, Revis. Heder.
87. 1868; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 339. 1888; Harms, in Engl.
& Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 50. 1864, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 17.
1918; Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 6. 1924; Courtois, Notes Bot. Chine Mus. Heude 2:
55. 1933.
Panax divaricatus Sieb. & Zucc. Abh. Akad. Muench. 4(2) : 200. 1845.
Kalopanax divaricatus Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 17. 1863, 2: 158. 1866.
Acanthopanax asperatus Franch. & Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 193. 1875, 2: 378. 1879;
Franch. Pl. David. 1: 146 (as A. asperulatum). 1884.
A shrub about 1-3 m. tall, glabrous or pubescent when young, unarmed or with
reflexed prickles, the leaves 5-foliolate, the umbels solitary or more commonly
3-7 together at ends of branches. Leaves 5-foliolate, long-petiolate ; petioles
4-7 cm. long; leaflets sessile or short-petiolulate, scattered-pubescent or almost
glabrous above, villose-pubescent or scattered-pubescent beneath, scarcely gla-
brous, obovate-oblong to obovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4-7 cm. long,
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 77
2-4 cm. wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base attenuate, the margins simply
or doubly serrate, the lateral nerves about 6-8 on each side, subconspicuous above,
distinct beneath, the tertiary veins inconspicuous; petiolules 0-5 mm. long. In-
florescence of umbels, these solitary or more commonly 3-7 together at end of
branches, the umbels many-flowered, about 2 cm. in diameter, the peduncles
pubescent, 1.5 cm. or more long, the pedicels 4-10 mm. long, pubescent. Calyx
pubescent, the margin subentire. Petals 5, glabrous, about 1.5 mm. long. Sta-
mens 5, the filaments about 2 mm. long. Ovary 2-celled, the styles united into a
simple column, separated at tip only into 2 stigmas. Fruit globose, 2-celled,
about 8 mm. long, the style-column persistent, about 2 mm. long.
Honan: Northern Honan, Tsi Yuan Hsien, Tien Tai Shan, J. Hers 184 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan.
This Japanese species is recorded by several authors from North China, as
occurring in the provinces Jehol and Hopei, and possibly also in Anhwei and
elsewhere. I have seen only one specimen from China that I can refer to this
species.
9. Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Seem. Jour. Bot. 5: 239. 1867, Revis.
Heder. 87. 1868; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 145. 1884; Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 50. 1894; Yabe, Enum. Pl. Manch. 98. 1912; Harms, Mitt.
Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 14. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924;
Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 5. 1924, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 22. ¢. 2. 1927; Nakai,
Honda, Satake, & Kitagawa, Rep. Ist Sci. Exp. Manch. 6(6): 35. 1936.
Panax sessiliflorus Rupr. & Maxim. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. St. Pétersb. 15: 133. 1857;
Regel, Gartenfl. 11: 238. t. 369. 1862.
Cephalopanax sessiliflorum Baill. ex Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 5. 1924, as synonym.
A shrub 2-5 m. tall, the branches spreading, with few scattered prickles or
unarmed, the leaves commonly 3-foliolate, the umbels solitary, compact, subcapi-
tate, 3-5 together at the ends of branches. Prickles stout and straight. Leaves
3-, sometimes 5-foliolate, petiolate ; petioles 3-12 cm. long, unarmed or sometimes
with a few prickles; leaflets short-petiolulate, chartaceous, nearly glabrous or
sometimes scabrid, obovate or oblong-obovate to oblong-lanceolate, the median
ones 12-18 cm. long, 5—7 cm. wide, the lateral ones 8-14 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide,
the apex acuminate, the base cuneate, the lateral ones often slightly oblique, the
margins irregularly serrate, the lateral nerves about 5-7 on each side, conspicuous,
the tertiary nerves inconspicuous on both surfaces; petiolules 0.2-1 cm. long.
Inflorescence of compact subcapitate umbels, mostly 25 together, arranged in a
raceme or in a compound umbel at end of branches, the umbels globose, many-
flowered, 3.5 cm. in diameter, the terminal one often larger, the peduncles short,
pubescent, 0.5-1 cm. long, the terminal one often longest. Flowers sessile.
Calyx densely pubescent, the margin distinctly 5-dentate. Petals 5, dull purplish,
1.5 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments 1.5 mm. long. Ovary 2-celled, the styles
united into.a single column, with 2 distinct stigmas. Fruit black, broadly ellip-
soid, 1-1.5 cm. long, slightly angular, arranged in a globose head about 3-4 cm.
across. !
Horer: Hsiao-wu-tai-shan, Yang Kia Ping, H. Smith 303 (AA); Hsiao-wu-tai-shan,
Tien-lin-ssu, H. Smith 758 (AA) ; Hsaio-wu-tai-shan, Yang Kia Ping, J. Hers 2097 (AA) ;
Shih Pa Pan Ling, Liu & Read L2012 = R563 (AA) ; Eastern Tomb, C. F. Li 10098 (NY);
Tan-nan-kou, C. W. Wang 60484 (AA).
MancuuriA: No precise locality, E. Faber 1757 (NY); Amur, Maximowicz s. n. (G,
NY, W), Rk. Maack s. n. (G); coast of Manchuria, C. Wilford s. n. (G); Amur River,
V. Komarov 1148 (AA, NY); Liaotung Peninsula, Wangfangko, D. Litvinov s. n. (AA,
G, NY); Er Tien Tien Tze, P. H. & J. H. Dorsett 3107 (AA, NY, W); Etrentrentze Sta-
tion, Skvortzov s. n. (AA); Mulin, Skvortzov s. n. (AA); Koalingtze Station, Skvortsov
s.n. (AA); Kirin, Chingpohu, Changcharlingtzu, H. W. Kung 2087 (NY); Kirin, F. H.
Chen 333 (AA, NY).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Korea.
78 SARGENTIA [2
This species is characterized by the pubescent sessile flowers, compactly ar-
ranged in globose subcapitate umbels, and the short-pubescent peduncles.
9a. Acanthopanax sessiliflorus var. parviceps Rehder, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 21:
192, 1912.
A low shrub; leaflets elliptic, 5-9 cm. long, acute, slightly and distinctly serrate ;
umbels one or few, less than 3 cm. across; fruit ovoid, 1 cm. or less long.
Horer: Cultivated in the Arnold Arboretum from seeds sent by E. Bretschneider from
Peking in 1881, specimens collected July 20, 1911, Aug. 1, 1911, Aug. 21, 1911, and Oct. 10,
1911, no. 588-7029 (AA).
10. Acanthopanax lasiogyne Harms in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 563. 1916, Mitt. Deutsch.
Dendr. Ges. 27: 17. t. 2. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924; Lee, For.
Bot. China 869, 1935.
A shrub 2-6 m. tall, the branches glabrous and unarmed(?), the leaves 3-
foliolate, the umbels terminal and solitary. Leaves short- or long-petiolate ;
petioles glabrous, 1.5-6 cm. long; leaflets sessile to subsessile, chartaceous, gla-
brous, oblong or obovate to obovate-oblong, about 4-6 cm. long, 1.5-4.5 cm.
wide, the apex short-acuminate, the base acute, the lateral ones more or less
oblique, the margins entire or subentire to slightly serrate near apex, the lateral
nerves about 5 or 6 on each side, subconspicuous, the tertiary veins slightly im-
pressed above. Inflorescence a terminal solitary umbel, many-flowered, short-
pedunculate, the peduncles 5 mm. long, tomentose to glabrescent, elongated to
about 1 cm. in fruit, the pedicels 5-7 mm. long, tomentose, glabrescent in fruit,
the bracteoles membranaceous, ovate, 2 mm. long, tomentose. Calyx 1.5 mm.
long, densely white-tomentose, the margin subentire. Petals 5, triangular-ovate,
2 mm. long, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed. Stamens 5, the filaments 2 mm.
long. Ovary 2-celled, the styles 2, connate at base. Fruit rounded, much com-
pressed, glabrous, 7-8 mm. long, the styles about 2 mm. long, united to middle,
reflexed above.
SIKANG: Near Tachienlu, Wilson 1313 (nototypr, AA, isotype, AA, G, NY, WW
Wilson 4167 (paratype, AA); Kangtin Hsien, Tachienlu, W. P. Fang 3523 (AA).
Harms’ original specimens are all unarmed, but Fang 3523 bears two short,
nearly straight prickles with broad, elongate bases. This species resembles
Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seem. in its white-tomentose flowers, but is readily
distinguished by its longer pedicels. It is very similar to A. Wardii Smith in
general appearance, but the latter has wholly glabrous flowers and much longer
peduncles and pedicels.
11. Acanthopanax cissifolius (Griff.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
3(8): 50. 1894; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 19. 1918; Hand.-Maz. Symb.
Sin. 7: 697. 1933; Lee, For. Bot. China 870. 1935.
Aralia cissifolia Griff. ex Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 134. 1868, Revis. Heder. 91. 1868; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 722. 1879.
Eleutherococcus cissifolius Nakai, Chosen-shokubutsu 1: 420. 1914, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5:
9. 1924, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 27. 1927.
A shrub about 3 m. tall, the branches unarmed or with scattered short prickles,
the leaves mostly 5-foliolate, the umbels terminal and mostly solitary. Leaves
mostly 5-, rarely 3-4-foliolate, long-petiolate; petioles 5-12 cm. long, slender,
glabrous or pubescent, often with a single prickle ; leaflets chartaceous, subsessile
to short-petiolulate, glabrous or scattered-pubescent above, pubescent especially
along the nerves beneath, lanceolate to oblanceolate or obovate to oblong, about
4-7 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base attenuate, the
margins simply or doubly serrate, the lateral nerves about 6-8 on each side,
subconspicuous above, manifest beneath, the tertiary veins inconspicuous above,
subconspicuous beneath; petiolules 0.5 mm. long. Inflorescence a solitary ter-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 79
minal umbel, sometimes with one or two additional short-pedunculate umbels at
base, the umbels many-flowered, about 2.5 cm. across; peduncles 4-12 cm. long,
somewhat pubescent, the pedicels about 0.8-1 cm. long, pubescent. Calyx gla-
brous, the margin entire. Petals 5, triangular, ovate, glabrous, about 2 mm.
long. Stamens 5, the filaments 2 mm. long. Ovary 3-5-celled, the styles 5,
more or less wholly distinct. Fruit globose, about 8 mm. across, black.
YuNNAN: No precise locality, Forrest 10211 (AA) ; between the Yangtze and Kungsian,
C. Schneider 2387 (AA, G); Tschanalaka, Tseku, Handel-Maszetti 8888 (AA); Wei-si
Hsien, Yeh-chih, C. W. Wang 70411 (AA); Chungtien Plateau, T. T. Yii 13622 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: North India.
This species is characterized by its 3 to 5 almost entirely free styles. Some
of the specimens cited above are more or less sterile or fragmentary, but in
general they seem to agree well with the Indian specimens. Most of them have
the leaves almost wholly glabrous.
12. Acanthopanax Yui sp. nov. Fig. 12.
Frutex circa 1 m. altus, ramulis dense vel parce aculeatis, aculeis gracilibus
conicis, reflexis, subtus leviter dilatatis. Foliis 3—5-foliolatis petiolatis; petiolis
4-12 cm. longis glabris, inermibus vel parce aculeatis; foliolis submembranaceis,
sessilibus vel subsessilibus, supra secus venas parce setulosis vel glabris, subtus
|
a \\
JO» Y
3
Fig. 12. Acanthopanax Yui; 1. branchlet with infructescence, X 144; 2. flower, X 5;
3. fruit, X 3.
80 SARGENTIA [2
glabris, obovatis vel oblongis vel obovato-oblongis, 3.5-10 cm. longis, 1.5-4.5
cm. latis, lateralibus plerumque minoribus et obliquis, apice acutis vel breviter
acuminatis, basi cuneatis, margine irregulariter duplicato-serratis, nervis laterali-
bus utrinsecus circa 8-10, supra subconspicuis, subtus prominentibus, venis ter-
tiariis obscuris. Inflorescentiis umbellatis terminalibus solitariis, umbellis multi-
floris circa 4 cm. latis, pedunculis 1 cm. longis glabris. Calyce glabro 1.5-2 cm.
longo, margine integro. Petalis 5 triangulari-ovatis, 2 mm. longis, glabris.
Staminibus 5, filamentis 2 mm. longis. Ovario 5-loculari, stylis 5 ad basim con-
natis. Fructu ovoideo, 7 mm. longo, 6 mm. magno, pentagono.
Yunnan: No data, T. T. Vii 9935 (AA), 12165 (typ, AA); Atungtze, Mt. Yangtsa,
T. T. Yii 10188 (AA).
This species is related to Acanthopanax Giraldii Harms, from which it may
be distinguished by its stouter, conical prickles, larger leaflets, and larger umbels.
Yii 9935 is densely armed, while the other two specimens are only sparingly so.
Otherwise the several specimens agree and they clearly belong to the same species.
13. Acanthopanax Giraldii Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 36: Beibl. 82: 80. 1905; Dunn, Jour. Linn,
Soc. Bot. 39: 413. 1911; Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 560. 1916;
Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 19. t. 3, A-H. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 187. 1924; Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 9: 98. 1928; W. W. Smith, Notes Bot.
Gard. Edinb. 17: 65, 132, 319. 1929-30; Lee, For. Bot. China 868. 1935,
Eleutherococcus Giraldit Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 9. 1924, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 28.
1927.
A shrub to 3 m. tall, the branches densely armed with bristle-like spreading or
reflexed prickles, the leaves 3-5-foliolate, the umbels terminal and usually soli-
tary. Leaves petiolate; petioles 3-6 cm. long, often bristly; leaflets submem-
branaceous, sessile to subsessile, glabrous, sometimes sparingly setose when
young, obovate to obovate-oblong, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 em. wide, the apex
acute to short-acuminate, the base narrowly cuneate, the margins irregularly
double-serrulate, the lateral nerves about 5 on each side, subconspicuous above,
inconspicuous beneath, the tertiary veins obscure. Inflorescence of terminal
umbels, these usually solitary, short-pedunculate, glabrous, many-flowered, about
2 cm. in diameter ; peduncles commonly 7 mm. long, occasionally to 2 cm. long,
the pedicels 5-7 mm. long, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, the margin subentire.
Petals 5, ovate, 2 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5, the filaments 2 mm. long.
Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, connate below, spreading at tip. Fruit subglobose,
8 mm. across, 5-angular, the style-column persistent, short, divided nearly to
middle, spreading above.
Kansu: Gragannar, south of Old Taicho, R. C. Ching 887 (AA, G, W); Lien-hoa-shan,
J. F. Rock 12695 (AA), 13491 (AA); T’ao River Basin, Shiaoku, beyond Adjuan, J. R.
Rock 12845 (AA, W); T’ao River Basin, Shiaoku, en route to Tsarekika, East Tebbu,
J. F. Rock 13534 (AA, W) ; lower Tebbu country, upper Mayaku, J. F. Rock 14764 (AA);
Wantsang, J. F. Rock 14811 (AA, NY); Dayyayaku, Muishan, J. F. Rock 14866 (AA);
Ngongo, J. F. Rock 14983 (AA); Tschinglung-shan et Matschaling, Lantschou, G. Fenzel
5%, (AA):
SHENSI: Tai-pei-shan, W. Purdom 3 (AA), 445 (AA, W).
Horer: Wei-chang, W. Purdom 7 (AA).
Huren: No precise locality, Henry 6891 (G, W).
SZECHUAN and S1kanG: Tachienlu, Wilson 1014 (AA, G, W); southeast of Tachienlu,
Wilson 1969 (AA, W); northeast of Tachienlu, Wilson 1970 (AA, W), 1971 (AA, W);
Sungpan-ting, Wilson 4018 (AA); west of Kuan Hsien, Wilson 4018A. (AA); Sungpan,
H, Smith 2831 (AA) ; Dongrego, H. Smith 3641 (AA); Sungpien Hsien, W. P. Fang 4145
(AA, NY); Fu-pien Hsien, F. T. Wang 21414 (AA).
This species is characterized by the densely arranged bristle-like prickles and
the 5 styles connate to about the middle and spreading above.
1942) LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 81
13a. Acanthopanax Giraldii var. inermis Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 560.
1916; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 20. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 187. 1924; Lee, For. Bot. China 868. 1935.
Eleutherococcus Giraldii var. inermis Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 28. 1927.
Branches unarmed or nearly so, slightly scabrid.
SHaANsiI: Yao-shan, Hsaiotszhuan, L. Licent 12668 (AA).
Huren: Fan Hsien, Wilson 276 (noLotyrr, AA, isotype, AA, G, NY, W); Hsiang-
‘shan Hsien, Wilson 1976 (paratype, AA, W); no precise locality, Wilson 2354 (NEY) 5
Enshih Hsien, H. C. Chow 1802 (AA, NY).
13b. Acanthopanax Giraldii var. pilosulus Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 9: 99. 1928; Lee, For.
Bot. China 868. 1935.
Branches nearly unarmed; leaflets lanceolate to oblanceolate, simple-serrate,
sparsely scabrid-pilosulose above, short villose-pilose beneath.
Kansu: Hsiao Mo K’ou, near Lichen, R. C. Ching 337 (AA, W); Tebbu country, J. F.
Rock 13106 (uototyrr, AA); T’ao River Basin, west of Adjuan, eastern Minshan Range,
J. F. Rock 12657 (paratype, AA) ; from Tibetan Country west, Tow River, W. Purdom s. n.
(AA); southwest of Tow River, Taochow, W. Purdom s. n. (AA).
The two specimens collected by Purdom have the branches more or less densely
armed, but their leaflets suggest this variety. Evidently they represent a transi-
tion from the typical form to this variety.
14. Acanthopanax Wilsonii Harms in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 560. 1916, Mitt. Deutsch,
Dendr. Ges. 27: 20. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; Hand.-Maz.
Symb. Sin. 7: 697. 1933; Lee, For. Bot. China 871. 1935.
Eleutherococcus Wilsonii Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 9. 1924, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 31.
1927.
A shrub 2-3 m. tall, with glabrous or minutely puberulous branches unarmed
or setose-prickly at the nodes, small 3—5-foliolate leaves, and solitary umbels at
ends of long or short branches. Leaves long- or short-petiolate ; petioles 0.5-6
cm. long, glabrous; leaflets chartaceous, subsessile, glabrous, oblanceolate or Jan-
ceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, about 4-5.5 cm. long, 0.5-1.6 cm. wide, the lateral
ones often oblique and slightly curved, the apex acute to acuminate, the base
narrowly attenuate, the margins crenate-serrulate, the lateral nerves 3-4 on each
side, subconspicuous above, inconspicuous beneath, the tertiary veins obscure.
Inflorescence of solitary umbels at ends of short or long branches, the umbels
many-flowered, about 2.5 cm. across, the peduncles 1.5—5 cm. long, glabrous, the
pedicels about 1 cm. long, occasionally with one or two flowers developed at base
of peduncle. Calyx glabrous, the margin subentire to minutely 5-dentate.
Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5, the filaments 2
mm. long. Ovary 3—5-celled, the styles 3-5, connate at base, free above middle.
Fruit subglobose, angular, 6-7 mm. in diameter, the styles 5, about 1.5 mm. long,
connate at base, free and divergent above.
SzECHUAN and S1KANG: West of Kuan Hsien, Wilson 1972 (noLotyrr, AA, isotype,
W); Tachienlu, Wilson 3690 (paratype, AA); northeast of Sungpan, Wilson 4561 (para-
type, AA).
Yunnan: No precise locality, Forrest 10259 (AA); Yuling-schan, Likiang, Handel-
Mazzetti 6645 (AA, W); Yangtze watershed, District of Likiang, western slopes of Likiang
Snow Range, J. F. Rock 3771 (AA, NY, W), 4866 (AA, W); Yangtze drainage basin east
of Likiang, J. F. Rock 8984 (W); Chungtien, J. F. Rock 24712 (AA, NY, W); northern
flank of Haba Snow Range, K. M. Feng 1330 (AA); Lai-cha-tse-ka, southeast of Chung-
tien, K. M. Feng 1860 (AA).
This species is closely related to Acanthopanax Sieboldianus Makino, and can
be distinguished from the latter by the terminal inflorescence, the styles being
connate only at base, and the narrower leaflets. The Yunnan specimens cited
82 SARGENTIA [2
above have generally larger leaflets, shorter peduncles, and mostly unarmed
branches; otherwise they seem to agree well with the type from Szechuan.
15. Acanthopanax stenophyllus Harms in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 564. 1916, Mitt. Deutsch.
Dendr. Ges. 27: 20. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; Lee, For.
Bot. China 870. 1935.
Eleutherococcus stenophyllus Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 9. 1924; Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16:
31. 1927.
A shrub about 2-3 m. tall, with subglabrous to glabrous branches unarmed or
slightly bristle-prickly at the nodes, 3-5-foliolate leaves, and terminal solitary
umbels. Leaves long-petiolate ; petioles 3-7 cm. long, glabrous; leaflets narrow,
chartaceous, glabrous, subsessile to short-petiolulate, lanceolate or oblanceolate to
oblong-oblanceolate, 2-6.5 cm. long, 0.4-1.5 cm. wide, the apex acuminate (acu-
men often slightly curved), the base narrowly attenuate, the margins simply or
doubly serrate, the lateral nerves 6-10 on each side, subconspicuous above, incon-
spicuous beneath, the tertiary veins obscure. Inflorescence of terminal solitary
umbels, these many-flowered, about 3 cm. across, the peduncles short, about 1 cm.
or less long, glabrous, elongating in fruit, the pedicels slender, about 1 cm. long,
glabrous. Calyx glabrous, minutely 5-dentate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 1.2
cm. long, glabrous. Ovary 3-5-celled, the styles 3-5, shortly connate at base,
free above, about 0.8 mm. long. Fruit subglobose, slightly 5-angular, 7 mm.
long, the styles 3-5, united at base only, distinct above.
SHENSI: Tai-pei-shan, W. Purdom 4 (1sotypr, AA, W).
SzEcHUAN: Li-fan Hsien, F. T. Wang 21644 (AA).
This species is characterized by its narrow leaflets and the 3-5 styles connate
at base only.
15a. Acanthopanax stenophyllus f. angustissimus Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 9: 99, 1928.
Differs from the species in the leaflets being more linear, only 3-5 mm. wide,
and minutely serrulate. A shrub 0.75-2.5 m. tall; branches armed at the nodes
with a few bristle-like erect prickles.
Kansu: Lower Tebbu country, Wantsang, J. F. Rock 14850 (mototypr, AA).
15b. Acanthopanax stenophyllus f. dilatatus Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 13: 338. 1932; Lee,
For. Bot. China 870. 1935.
Differs from the species in the mostly 3-foliolate leaves; leaflets oblong-
oblanceolate to oblong-obovate, 6-11 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide. Branches un-
armed.
SHANSI: Yuan-ch’u District, Shiu-wang-ping, H. Smith 6563 (moLotypr, AA).
16. Acanthopanax setulosus Franch. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris. II. 8: 249. 1886, PI.
David. 2: 67. 1888; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 489. 1900; Viguier, Ann. Sci.
Nat. IX. Bot. 4: 41. 1906; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 25. 1918; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; Lee, For. Bot. China 870. 1935.
A scandent shrub 3-5 m. tall, the branches densely bristly, with a reflexed
prickle at base of petioles, the leaves 5-foliolate, the umbels axillary and solitary.
Leaves long-petiolate, the petioles glabrous; leaflets small, chartaceous, sessile,
scattered-setose along the veins above, glabrous beneath, ovate-oblong to obovate-
oblong, about 2 cm. long and 0.8 cm. wide, the terminal one slightly larger, the
apex acute to short-acuminate, the base attenuate, the margins sharply serrate
toward the upper half, the lateral nerves about 3 or 4 on each side, inconspicuous,
the tertiary veins obscure. Inflorescence of solitary axillary umbels, sometimes
with 1 or 2 flowers developed at base of peduncle, the umbels many-flowered,
about 2.5 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 2 cm. long, densely long-bristly, the
pedicels slender, glabrous, 0.5—-1 cm. long. Calyx glabrous, minutely 5-dentate.
Petals 5, ovate-oblong, glabrous, 2 mm. long, reflexed. Stamens 5, the filaments
2mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, short, united below.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA Na 83
SZECHUAN: Moupine, O. David s. n. (MEROTYPE, in AA).
This species is close to Acanthopanax Sieboldianus Makino, differing in the
bristly stems and peduncles. Franchet describes the plant as near to A. spinosus
(Linn. f.) Mig. He does not mention the number of cells in the ovary. In the
type collection the ovary is found to be 5-celled and the number of styles to be
5; thus the plant proves to be quite different from A. spinosus. I agree with
Viguier, who has noticed the 5-celled ovary and placed it near A. Sieboldianus,
instead of with Harms, who followed Franchet and placed it near A. spinosus.
17. Acanthopanax Rehderianus Harms in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 561. 1916, Mitt. Deutsch.
Dendr. Ges. 27: 20. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; Lee, For.
Bot. China 869. 1935.
Eleutherococcus Rehderianus Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 9. 1924, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16:
30. 1927.
A scandent shrub about 3 m. tall, the branches minutely brownish-puberulous
when young, armed with scattered reflexed prickles, the leaves mostly 5-foliolate,
the umbels solitary at end of short branches. Prickles usually solitary at base
of petioles. Leaves 5- rarely 3- or 4-foliolate, chartaceous, glabrous, shining
above, pale beneath, the leaflets subsessile, obovate-oblong to oblanceolate, 2-6
cm. long, 0.8-2 cm. wide, the apex acute to short-acuminate, the base gradually
attenuate, the margins crenate-serrate toward apex, the lateral nerves about 5 on
each side, conspicuous above, inconspicuous beneath, the tertiary veins obscure.
Inflorescence of solitary umbels at the ends of short branches, the umbels gla-
brous, many-flowered, about 2.5 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 1-2 cm. long,
glabrous, the pedicels slendér, about 1 cm. long, sometimes with 1 or 2 flowers
developed at base of peduncles. Calyx glabrous, the margin subentire. Petals
5, triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm. long, glabrous, reflexed. Ovary 4- or 5-celled, the
styles 4 or 5, connate into a short conical column, the stigmas distinct at apex,
recurved. Fruit subglobose, slightly angular, about 5 mm. long, the style-
column short, about 0.8 mm. long.
Hupren: No precise locality, Henry 5930 (G, W); no precise locality, Wilson 1020 °
(paratype, AA); south Wushan, Wilson 1974 (soLotyPE, AA, isotype, W).
This species is closely related to Acanthopanax Wilsonii Harms, from which it
may be distinguished by the stouter and solitary prickles, the broader leaflets
with more crenate serrations, the generally shorter peduncles, and the connate
styles.
18. Acanthopanax Sieboldianus Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 12: 10. 1898; Rehder, Jour.
Arn. Arb. 7: 243. 1926; Rehder & Wils. op. cit. 8: 180. 1927; Chien, Contr. Biol.
Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 68. 1927,
Acanthopanax spinosus Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 10. 1863; non Panax spinosus
Linn. f.
Acanthopanax pentaphyllus Marchal, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 20: 79. 1881; Chung, Mem.
Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; non Aralia pentaphylla Thunb.
Eleutherococcus pentaphyllus Nakai, Chosen-shokubutsu 1: 420. 1914, FI. Sylvat. Koreana
16: 29. 1927.
Eleutherococcus japonicus Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 10. 1924, excl. syn. Acanthopanax
japonicus.
A shrub to 2 m. tall, with slender arching branches unarmed or with a few
compressed prickles, 5—7-foliolate leaves, and solitary umbels borne on short
lateral branches. Leaves petiolate, partly fascicled on short spurs; petioles
glabrous, 3-10 cm. long; leaflets submembranaceous to chartaceous, glabrous,
subsessile, obovate to oblong-obovate, 2-3.5 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, the apex
acute, the base cuneate, the margins crenate-serrate, the lateral nerves about 4-6
on each side, subconspicuous, the tertiary nerves inconspicuous on both surfaces.
84 SARGENTIA [2
Inflorescence of glabrous solitary umbels borne on lateral branches, the umbels
2-2.5 cm. in diameter, the peduncles slender, 5-10 cm. long, the flowers dioecious,
greenish white, the pedicels 1 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, minutely 5-
dentate. Petals 5, ovate, 2 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5, the filaments 2 mm.
long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, connate nearly to apex. Fruit black, sub-
globose, 6-8 mm. across.
Anuwel: Wang Shan, N. P. Ip UN4783 (AA); Wang Shan, W. C. Cheng 4146 (W) ;
Chien Shan Hsien, Tien Chu Shan, C. S. Fan and Y. Y. Li 171 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan.
This species is near Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith, differing in the
glabrous leaves, longer peduncles, and the five styles connate nearly to apex.
19. Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 6. 1917, 14:
85. 1924; Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 4. 1924; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 697. 1933;
Merr. Lingnan: Sci. Jour. 13: 41. 1934; Lee, For. Bot. China 868. 1935,
Acanthopanax spinosus sensu Hance, Jour. Bot. 18: 261. 1880; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 341. 1888; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 489. 1900; Dunn &
Tutch. Kew. Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 119. 1912; Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2:
562. 1916, pro parte; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 23. 1918, pro parte; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 17, 23. 1929;
Courtois, Notes Bot. Chine Mus. Heude 2: 55. 1933; Lee, For. Bot. China 870. 1935; non
Miq.
Acanthopanax Hondae Matsuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 31: 333. 1917; Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb.
5: 3. 1924; Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 8: 180. 1927; Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 1. 1934; Cheng
ex Pei, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 10: 37. 1935; Lee, For. Bot. China 868. 1935.
Acanthopanax spinosus {. inerme Matsuda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: 281. 1912, syn. nov.
Acanthopanax Hondae var. inerme Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 4. 1924, syn. nov.
Acanthopanax Hondae var. armatum Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 4. 1924; Lee, For. Bot.
China 869. 1935, syn. nov.
A scandent shrub 2-3 m. tall, with glabrous spreading branches unarmed or
with few reflexed prickles, 5-foliolate leaves, and solitary umbels axillary or at
end of very short branches. Prickles if present usually single at base of petioles.
Leaves 5-, rarely 3- or 4-foliolate, long-petiolate ; petioles 5-8 cm. long; leaflets
submembranaceous to chartaceous, subsessile, glabrous, sometimes slightly setose
along veins on both surfaces, obovate to oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm.
wide, the apex acute to short-acuminate, the base cuneate, the margins crenate-
serrulate toward apex, the lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side, subconspicuous,
ferruginous-tomentose in axils beneath, the tertiary veins obscure. Inflorescence
of solitary umbels, axillary or at end of very short branches, occasionally 2 to-
gether, the umbels many-flowered, 2 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 1-2 cm. long,
glabrous, elongating in fruit, the pedicels slender, glabrous, 6-10 mm. long.
Calyx subentire to minutely 5-dentate. Petals 5, ovate-oblong, acute, 2 mm.
long. Stamens 5, the filaments as long as the petals. Ovary 2-celled, the styles
2, slender, distinct, about 2 mm. long. Fruit subglobose, about 6 mm. long, 5
mm. wide, laterally compressed, black, 2-seeded, the styles 2, 2 mm. long,
divergent.
Suenst: Yenan Fu, W. Purdom 350 (AA, G, W).
Honan: Lushih, Huing Eul Shan, J. Hers 41 (AA); Teng Feng Hsien, Yu Tai Shan,
J. Hers 290 (AA); Sunghsien, Shih Tze Miao, J. Hers 1241 (AA).
Krancsu: Siao Hsien, Huang Tsang Yu, /. Hers 1052 (AA); Kiangyin, A. Allison 181
(G); Bau Hwa Shan, A. N. Steward 2116 (AA, G, W); Pao Hwa Shan, Chuying, Tso
355 (AA); Hai Nei, south of Ishing, Ching & Tso 491 (AA); Pao Hwa Shan, Chun 2113
(AA); Ishing, K. Ling UN12295 (G), UN12553 (G); southern Nanking, Tung Sheng
Chiao, Y. L. Keng 1604 (AA); south of Ishing, Kufu town, Y. L. Keng 2691 (AA).
CuHEKIANG: Ningpo, D. Macgregor s. n. (AA); Hangchow, FP’. N. Meyer 1473 (AA);
Taichow, R. C. Ching 1300 (AA, G, W) ; Tientai Shan, R. C. Ching 1393 (AA, W) ; Siachu,
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 85
R. C. Ching 1791 (AA, LU, W); Mei Ki, R. C. Ching 4914 (AA); Tientai Shan, -C. ¥.
Chiao UN14381 (AA, W); Ningpo, Y. L. Keng 1118 (AA).
ANHWEI: Chiu Hwa Shan, R. C. Ching 2650 (AA), 2705 (AA, LU); Wang Si-chi,
south Chiu Hwa Shan, R. C. Ching 2864 (AA); Chien Shan Hsien, Tien Chu Shan, C. S.
Fan & Y. Y. Li 203 (AA).
KiancGst: Dunghwa-schan, inter Schitscheng et Ninghwa, Wang-Te-Hui 332 (AA);
Hongsan, J. L. Gressitt 1498 (AA).
Hunan: Lantien, Hsinhwa, Handel-Mazszetti 594 = 11742 (AA); Changming Hsien, »
Yang-shan, C. S. Fan & Y. Y. Li 213 (AA).
Hupen: No precise ‘ocality, Henry 3406A (AA, G) ; Ichang, Henry 3406 (AA, G, W);
no precise locality, Wilson 1119 (NY), 1224 (G); Changlo Hsien, Wilson 1973 (AA, G,
W); Wan Tsao Shan, W. Y. Chun 3921 (AA).
YUNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 10639 (AA, NY); Za Kou, E. E. Maire 450 (AA), 7463
(NY); Chungtien plateau, Forrest 13779 (AA); Sung-Kwei, Forrest 13854 (AA); moun-
tains in the northeast of the Yangtze bank, Forrest 10411 (AA) ; Litiping, Yangtze-Mekong
Divide, Forrest 19419 (AA, W); Litiping Range, Mekong-Yangtze divide, east of Weihsi,
J. F. Rock 9407 (AA, NY, W); Wei-si Hsien, C. W. Wang 63693 (AA): northwestern
Likiang, Chi-tien, R. C. Ching 20481 (AA).
KweicHow: Kweiting, Y. Tsiang 5489 (NY); Tunghaushan, Ihwang, Y. Tsiang 1004
(NY); Tsungyi Hsien, Liang Fen Yah, Steward, Chiao & Cheo 258 (AA, NY, W)
Da-po-son, Tsingchen, S. W. Teng 90353 (AA).
Kwanctunc: Yingtak, Tai Chuen, H. Y. Liang 60946 (AA); Sungyi, Youk Chong
Ping, C. Wang 32263 (AA); Tsengshing District, Naam Kwan Shan, W. T. Tsang 20083
(AA, NY), 20199 (AA, LU, NY), 20393 (AA, NY); Lung-men District, Naam Kuan
Shan, Sheung Ping Village, W. T. Tsang 25375 (AA).
This Chinese species is now considered by most authors to be distinct from
the Japanese A. spinosus Miq. I agree with Handel-Mazzetti that A. gracili-
stylus and A. Hondae Makino are synonymous. This species resembles /.
Sieboldianus Makino in general appearance, but is readily distinguished from
the latter by its two slender and free styles. The species is of very wide distri-
bution in China. Variations in leaf-sizes are frequent. The branches vary
from armed to unarmed. It is very difficult to differentiate these as separate
forms, as quite frequently only one or several scattered prickles may be found
on a specimen. It is hard to ascertain that a plant is totally unarmed if it is
represented by merely a twig in the herbarium. This character alone certainly
does not warrant considering the proposal of varieties based on the presence or
absence of prickles. I have placed such specimens under the typical form.
Acanthopanax nodiflorus Dunn and A. villosulus Harms are identical with
A. gracilistylus in all characters except the indumentum on the leaves. It seems
desirable to reduce them to varieties of the latter. :
’
19a. Acanthopanax gracilistylus var. pubescens (Pampanini) comb. nov.
Acanthopanax spinosus var. pubescens Pampanini, Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. II. 17: 678.
1910; Lee, For. Bot. China 870. 1935.
Leaflets glabrous above, pubescent especially along the nerves beneath.
Hupen: Silvestri 1598, 1600 (syntypEs of Acanthopanax spinosus Miq. var. pubescens
Pampanini, photos in AA, NY) ; no precise locality, Wilson 1030 (NY); Tung-chien Hsien,
H. C. Cheo UN18247 (NY).
19b. Acanthopanax gracilistylus var. villosulus (Harms) comb. nov.
Acanthopanax villosulus Harms in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 562. 1916, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr.
Ges. 27: 25. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; Lee, For. Bot. China
Bee 1935,
Acanthopanax spinosus Pavolini, Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. II. 15: 418. 1908; non Miq.
Leaflets glabrous to slightly setulose above, villose and slightly setulose along
the nerves beneath.
86 SARGENTIA [2
Huren: Payung Hsien, Wilson 379A (HoLotyre of Acanthopanax villosulus Harms, AA,
isotypes, G, W); Chienshi Hsien, Wilson 957 (paratype, NY).
SzecHuan: Henry 5890 (G, W), cultivated.
19c. Acanthopanax gracilistylus var. nodiflorus (Dunn) comb. nov.
Acanthopanax nodiflorus Dunn, Jour. Bot. 47: 199. 1909, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 413.
1911; Dunn & Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 119. 1912; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr.
Ges. 27: 24. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924.
Leaflets scabrid-setulose above, scabrid to pubescent beneath.
Kwanctunc: Yangshan District, Yang Shan, T. M. Tsui 531 (AA, W), 751 (AA);
Yu-yuen, S. P. Ko 52789 (AA).
Kwancst: Sui-luk District, mountains surrounding Pa Lan Village, W. T. Tsang 21930
(AA).
20. Acanthopanax trifoliatus (Linn.) Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. 1: Suppl. 217. 1906;
Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 427. 1909; Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort.
1: 193. 1914; Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 563. 1916; Harms, Mitt.
Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 26. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; Nakai,
Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 1. 1924; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 5: 140. 1927; W. W. Smith,
Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 172, 272. 1929-30; McClure, Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 3:
31. 1931: Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 698. 1933, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 52B: 172. 1934;
Lee, For. Bot. China 871. 1935; Merr. Trans. Am. Ph. Soc. II. 24(2): 291. 1935, Jour.
Arn. Arb. 18: 71. 1937.
Zanthoxylum trifoliatum Linn. Sp. Pl. 270. 1753.
Panax aculeatus Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 1. 3: 448. 1789; DC. Prodr. 4: 252. 1830; G. Don,
Gen. Syst. 3: 384. 1834.
Plectronia chinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 162. 1790, ed. Willd. 201. 1793.
Panax Loureiranus DC. Prodr. 4: 252. 1830.
Aralia trifoliata Meyen, Reise 2: 332. 1835, nomen nudum; Walp. Nova Acta Acad. Nat.
Cur. 14. Suppl. 1: 348. 1843; K. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanzenk. 2: 366. 1859.
Acanthopanax aculeatus H. Witte, Annal. Hort. Bot. Pays-Bas 4: 89. 1861; Seem. Jour.
Bot. 5: 238. 1867, Revis. Heder. 86. 1868; Hance, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 105. 1867;
C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 726. 1879; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 146. 1884;
Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 339. 1888; Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 50. 1894; Harms ex. Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 489. 1900; Dunn &
Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 119. 1912; Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2:
1166. 1923; Courtois, Notes Bot. Chine Mus. Heude 2: 55. 1933.
Acanthopanax sepium Seem. Jour. Bot. 5: 239. 1867, Revis. Heder. 86. 1868.
A scandent shrub or climber, about 2—7 m. tall, with scattered prickles on the
branches and petioles, the leaves commonly 3-foliolate, the umbels 3-10 together
in terminal racemes or compound umbels. Prickles short, sharp-pointed, re-
curved at tips, broadened and elongated at base, usually present at base of
petioles, single or in pairs. Leaves commonly 3-foliolate, rarely 1—5-foliolate,
long- or short-petiolate ; petioles glabrous, slightly prickly or not, 2-6 cm. long ;
leaflets chartaceous, short-petiolulate, glabrous on both surfaces, sometimes very
slightly setose along the midrib and veins above, elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong,
4-8 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base cuneate, the lateral
ones sometimes slightly oblique, the margins generally serrulate, the lateral nerves
about 5—7 on each side, conspicuous on both surfaces, the tertiary veins incon-
spicuous; petiolules 2-8 mm. long, the median ones longer, the lateral ones
sometimes subsessile. Inflorescence of umbels, about 3-10 together in terminal
racemes or compound umbels, rarely solitary, the umbels few- to many-flowered,
the peduncles glabrous, 2-7 cm. long, the pedicels slender, glabrous, about 1 cm.
long. Calyx glabrous, 1.5 mm. long, slightly 5-dentate. Petals 5, triangular,
2 mm. long, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed. Stamens 5, the filaments 3 mm.
long. Ovary mostly 2-celled, the styles 2, connate to middle. Fruit rounded,
laterally compressed, 3-4 mm. long, the style-column 1.5 mm. long, bifid to
middle.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 87
CHEKIANG: Kai-hwa Hsien, H. H. Hu 508 (AA); Chiangshan, Kwangyintang, R. C.
Ching 2590 (AA, LU). :
Krancsi1: Kiennan District, Soi Hang Cheung, near Tung Lei Village, S. K. Lau 4218
(AA, W); Lungnan District, Oo Chi Shan, near Lam Uk Tung Village, S. K. Lau 4593
(AA, W).
Hunan: Hsinhwa, Hsikwangshan, Handel-Mazsetti 796 (AA); Sinning Hsien, Ma-
ling-tung, C. S. Fan & VY. Y. Li 591 (AA).
Hurew: Ichang, Henry 2253 (AA, G), 2253A (W), 2702 (G); Nan-to, Henry 2639
(G, NY); no precise locality, Wilson 842 (NY), 1613 (NY); Ichang, Wilson 399 (AA,
G, W), 399A (AA); Po Moh Ring, R. C. Ching 3537 (AA); Chienshih Hsien, H. C. Chow
1549 (NY), 1698 (AA, NY).
SZECHUAN: No precise locality, E. Faber 39 = 265 (NY); inter Mosoying et Huili,
Handel-Mazsszetti 5639 (AA); Chung Hsien, W. P. Fang 487 (AA); Mt. Omei, W. P. Fang
3392 (AA, NY); Omei Hsien, W. P. Fang 3847 (AA); Lu Hsien, W. P. Fang 9772 (AA) ;
Kuan Hsien, S. S. Chien 5760 (AA); O-pien Hsien, Y. S. Liu 2033 (AA).
SIKANG: Ya-an, C. Y. Chiao 1162 (AA).
YuNNAN: No precise locality, Forrest 11713 (AA), 11748 (AA) ; Shweli-Salwin divide,
Forrest 16046 (AA), 17554 (AA); Szemao, Henry 12561 (AA, W); no precise locality,
E. E. Maire 2918 (NY, W); Sing-Schouan, E. E. Maire 2988 (NY); Tali, C. Schneider
2793 (AA, G, W) ; between Kambaiti and Tengyueh, via Kuyung, J. F. Rock 7570 (AA, W) ;
west of Mekong, en route from Pingpo to Youngchang and Tengyueh, Salween watershed,
J. F. Rock 6969 (AA, W); Che-tse-lo, H. T. Tsai 58512A (AA); Shang-pa, H. T. Tsai
58923 (AA), 58926 (AA); Meng-bang, Jenn-yeh Hsien, C. W. Wang 80318 (AA); Mien-
ning, Wenpishan, T. 7. Yii 17766 (AA), 17767 (AA).
KweicHow: Tienfang, Handel-Maszzetti 297 (AA); Pachai, Y. Tsiang 6123 (NY);
Kweiyang, Y. Tsiang 8496 (NY); Liang Feng Yoh, Steward, Chiao & Cheo 126 (AA);
Kiangkou Hsien, Miao Wang, Steward, Chiao & Cheo 566 (AA, W); Tsi-shou, Cheng-
feng, S. W. Teng 90787 (AA).
Kwancsti: Lan Lo, east of Lin Yen, R. C. Ching 6644 (AA); Yeo Mar Shan, north of
Hin Yen, R. C. Ching 7115 (LU, NY); Bako Shan, west of Poseh, R. C. Ching 7439 (AA,
NY, W).
KwanctunG: Canton, Honam Island, Merrill 10057 (NY), C. Levine CCC182 (AA),
CCC558 (AA), CCC1235 (W); Nan Shung, W. Y. Chun 5714 (AA); between Wu Tung
and Chang Kiang, W. Y. Chun 775 (AA); Lantau Island, Kai Yih Shan, McClure LU 13085,
and Tai Ue Shan, W. T. Tsang 16532, two collections on same sheet and label (AA, W);
Yun-fou District, Chiao-tuo-ying, C. Wang 577 (AA); Loting, Sanhaiting, Y. Tsiang 1130
(AA); Lochong, Jui-feng, Y. Tsiang 1231 (AA); Canton, Peiyungshan, Y. Tsiang 1606
(AA); Lofoushan, Y. Tsiang 1686 (AA); Canton, Whampoa, Y. Tsiang 3344 (NY);
Canton, Lung Yen Tung, W. Y. Chun 7639 (AA, NY); Wung Yuen District, S. K. Lau
638 (AA, NY); Wung Yuen District, Wang Chuk I, Tsing Wan Shan, S. K. Lau 2050
(AA); Loh Chang District, Mu Shan, Tai Hang, W. T. Tsang 20837 (AA, NY); Hwei-
yang District, Ling Fa Shan, Sam Hang Shek T’an Village, W. T. Tsang 25860 (AA).
Hainan: Hoichow, F. A. McClure CCC7544 (AA, LU).
Fuxren: Diongloh Hsien, Meihwa, H. H. Chung 2002 (AA); Foochow, Wooshihshan,
H. H. Chung 2417 (AA); Amoy, H. H. Chung 4555 (AA); Kushan, H. H. Chung 7625
(AA, LU); Foochow University and vicinity, Tang Siu Ging 5560 (LU); Kushan Monas-
tery, Tang Siu Ging 5820 (AA, LU) ; Foochow, Hung Sang Gio, Tang Siu Ging 7088 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: From the eastern Himalayan region to Japan and southward
to Indo-China and to Luzon in the Philippine Islands.
A species widely distributed in China. The leaves are variable in size, shape,
and serrations. The type of Zanthoxylum trifoliatum Linn., the basis of the
species, was a specimen collected in the vicinity of Canton, China.
20a. Acanthopanax trifoliatus var. setosus var. nov.
A typo differt foliolis supra ad costam nervosque plus minusve dense setosis,
margine dupliciter setoso-serratis, inflorescentiis plerumque pauciumbellatis.
Yunnan: Mengtze, Henry 10158 (NY), 10158A (NY), 11158 (AA); Szemao, Henry
12770 (AA, NY, W); Ping-pien Hsien, H. T. Tsai 61908 (AA).
Kweicuow: Chenfeng, Y. Tsiang 4770 (NY).
88 SARGENTIA [2
Kwancst: Shih Wan Tai Shan, H. Y. Liang 69974 (typr, AA), Aug. 5, 1937; Hing-on
District, Wah Kong, Z. S. Chung 83677 (AA).
KwanctunG: Yang-shan District, Yang Shan, south of Linchow, T. M. Tsui 697 (AA,
NY, W).
Among the specimens cited above under the typical form of the species, a
number have the leaflets slightly setose. However, these leaflets are simple-
serrate instead of double- and setose-serrate. They apparently represent transi-
tions between the species and this variety. The variety setosus may later be
found to be worthy of specific rank.
21. Acanthopanax Wardii W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 7. 1917, 17: 101.
1929,
Acanthopanax ternatus Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 2: 124. 1920; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 188. 1924; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 698. 1933; Lee, For. Bot. China 871.
1935, syn. nov.
A shrub 1-3 m. tall, the glabrous branches unarmed or bearing a few scattered
prickles with 3-foliolate leaves, and terminal umbels commonly 4-7 arranged to-
gether. Leaves petiolate; petioles 2-4 cm. long; leaflets chartaceous, sessile to
subsessile, glabrous, green above, pale beneath, ovate or oblong-ovate to obovate,
2-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, the apex acute, the base broad-cuneate, the margins
coarsely 1—7-dentate to entire, the lateral nerves about 5 or 6 on each side, the
nerves and tertiary veins slightly impressed above, inconspicuous beneath. In-
florescence of umbels, terminal, commonly 4-7 arranged together, occasionally
solitary, the umbels many-flowered, the peduncles 1-2 cm. long, glabrous, with a
tuft of tomentum at tip where the pedicels are inserted, the pedicels 5-10 mm.
long, slender, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, 1 mm. long, the margin minutely den-
tate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, acute, 2 mm. long, glabrous on both surfaces.
Stamens 5, the filaments 1.75 mm. long. Ovary 2-celled, the styles 2, erect, 0.5
mm. long, connate at base. Fruit suborbicular, much compressed, 6-7 mm. in
diameter, 3 mm. thick, 2-seeded, the style-column about 1.5 cm. long, bifid and
reflexed at tip.
SzecHuan: Drogochi, H. Smith 4536 (AA); Hsu-tsing, H. Smith 4753 (AA).
SIKANG: Mekong, Tsa-wa-rung, C. W. Wang 65469 (AA), 66193 (AA).
YUNNAN: Mountains near Tsin-kou, on the Mekong River, Abbé Monbeig in 1905,
plant grown from seed sent by Maurice L. de Vilmorin to the Arnold Arboretum, 1911,
4280 (AA) ; also specimens from this plant collected in the Arnold Arboretum Oct. 13, 1917,
Oct. 14 and 26, 1918 and Oct. 13, 1919 (AA); Mekong, inter vicos Lota-Tanschan et
Tsedjrong, Handel-Maszetti 7973 (AA); mountains above Tseku and Tsechung, Mekong-
Salween watershed, J. F. Rock 10365 (AA, NY, W); Atungtze, Huann-fu-ping, C. W. Wang
69179 (AA), 69180 (AA); Atungtze, Hungpoh, T. T. Vii 7980 (AA), 7986 (AA).
This species closely simulates Acanthopanax lasiogyne Harms in appearance.
It may be distinguished from the latter especially by its glabrous calyx and pedi-
cels and the greater length of pedicels. It is also related to A. trifoliatus (Linn.)
Merr., from which it may be distinguished by the more or less straight prickles,
unarmed petioles, the shorter peduncles and pedicels, and the more compressed
fruits.
22. Acanthopanax evodiaefolius Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 306. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim.
26. 1879; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 489. 1900; Lévl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915;
Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 563. 1916; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges.
27: 29. t. 4, fig. a-c. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 187. 1924; Rehder, Jour.
Arn. Arb. 8: 181. 1927; Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 68. 1927: W. W.
Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 101, 115, 125. 1929; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 698.
1933; Lee, For. Bot. China 865. 1935.
Evodiopanax evodiaefolius Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 8. 1924.
A shrub or tree, 3-12 m. tall, glabrous, unarmed, with 3-foliolate leaves and
terminal umbels, the umbels solitary or few together forming an umbellate panicle.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 89
Leaves usually clustered at ends of long or short branches, petiolate; petioles
terete, glabrous, 5-10 cm. long, with a tuft of ferruginous tomentum at tip
where the leaflets are attached; leaflets chartaceous to coriaceous, uneven, the
lateral ones sessile, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, the median ones very short-
petiolulate or subsessile, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, the base attenuate, the apex
more or less long-acuminate, the margin subentire to serrulate, 8-10 cm. long,
2.5-3 cm. wide, the lateral nerves about 6-8 on each side, distinct on both sur-
faces, with a tuft of tomentum in axils beneath, the tertiary veins conspicuous on
both surfaces. Inflorescence of terminal umbels, commonly solitary or few to-
gether forming an umbellate panicle, glabrous, the umbels few- to many-flowered,
the peduncles slender, glabrous, 2-8 cm. long, the pedicels glabrous, about 1 cm.
long, elongating in fruit. Calyx glabrous, 1 mm. long, the margin entire. Petals
5, oblong, acute, 2 mm. long, reflexed, glabrous on both surfaces. Stamens 5,
the filaments 2 mm. long. Ovary 2—4-celled, the disk more or less flattened.
Styles 2-4, united below, distinct above the middle. Fruit globose, 3-4 mm.
across, slightly 2-4-angled, the pedicels 1-2.5 cm. long, the style-column 2 mm.
long, 2—-4-fid above the middle.
SHENSI: Taipei Shan, G. Fensel 715 (AA).
CHEKIANG: No precise locality, Chekiang Univ. LU77287 (LU) ;'Tien-tai Shan, R. C.
Ching 1488 (AA, W, LU), 1534 (AA, W); Chien-yuan, R. C. Ching 2315 (AA, G, NY,
W); Tien-moo Shan, R. C. Ching 4996 (AA); Chien-yuang, Y. L. Keng 353 (AA); Tien-
tai Shan, Y. L. Keng 1063 (AA); west Tien-mu, H. H. Hu 1646 (AA); Tien-mu Shan,
T. N. Liou 183 (NY).
ANHWE!I: Tien-tai, Chu-hwa Shan, R. C. Ching 2814 (NY); Chang-zou Shan, west of
Wu Yuan, R. C. Ching 3218 (AA, LU); Chiu-hwa Shan, S. C. Sun 1466 (AA, NY).
Krancst: Kuling, L. H. Bailey s.n. (AA); C. Y. Chiao UN18629 (NY, W); Lushan,
H. H. Chung & S.C. Sun 528 (AA), H. H. Hu 2365 (LU).
Huren: Western Hupeh, Wilson 1142 (NY, W) ; western Hupeh, Hsin-tien-tsze, W. Y.
Chun 4060 (AA).
SzECHUAN: Wen-chuan Hsien, Wa-ssu Country, Wilson 4204 (AA, W); Muli, moun-
tains of Kulu, J. F. Rock 18051 (AA, W); Siga Shan, J. F. Rock 23869 (AA, NY), 24394
AA, NY); O-Pien Hsien, Y. S. Liu 2194 (AA).
SOUTHEASTERN TriBetT: Mt. Kenyichunpo and region of Champutong, Salween-Irrawadi
watershed, J. F. Rock 11651 (AA, W); no precise locality, F. K. Ward 10068 (AA);
Solo-la, J. F. Rock 22652 (AA).
YuNNAN: Lichiang, Forrest 5616 (W); no precise locality, Forrest 6887 (AA), 10235
(AA); Lichiang, C. Schneider 2471 (AA), 3288 (AA, G); Kouty, Simeon Ten 468 (AA),
508 (AA, W); Yangtze watershed, western slopes of Likiang Snow Range, J. F. Rock 4133
(AA, NY, W); between Likiang, Youngming and Youngpei, J. F. Rock 5106 (AA, W),
5192 (AA, W); Lotueshan, mountains of Labako, west of the Yangtze bend at Shiku,
J. F. Rock 9512 (AA, NY, W); mountains above Tseku and Tsehchung, Mekong-Salween
watershed, J. F. Rock 10363 (AA, W); Lao-chun Shan, southwest of Shiku and the
Yangtze, J. F. Rock 25404 (AA); Liang Shan, Lami, H. T. Tsai 51246 (AA); Shang-pa
Hsien, H. T. Tsat 54453 (AA), 56505 (AA); no data, H. T. Tsai 57212 (AA); Pi-lo Shan,
Che-tse-lo, H. T. Tsai 58091 (AA); Wei-si Hsien, H. T. Tsai 57841 (AA), 59693 (AA),
59759 (AA), 59841 (AA), 59932 (AA), 59960 (AA); Wei-si Hsien C. W. Wang 63907
(AA); Chi-na-tung, Cham-pu-tung, C. W. Wang 66714 (AA); Shi-gi-tung, Champutung,
C. W. Wang 67424 (AA); Champutung, Bar-ru-lah, Salween-Chiuchiang Divide, C. W.
Wang 67550 (AA); Wei-si Hsien, C. W. Wang 67716 (AA); Atungze, Dokerla, T. T. Yii
7852 (AA); Atungze, Mt. Kaakerpu, T. T. Yii 8426 (AA), 10488 (AA); Atungze, Mt.
Miyetzimu, 7. T. Yii 10588 (AA); Shunning, Hila, Wumulung, T. T. Yii 16661 (AA);
Chenkang Snow Range, Hsiaoshuishan, T. T. Yi 17207 (AA); Kuikiang Valley, Taron,
Chiengen, T. T. Yii 19445 (AA); Salwin-Kiukiang Divide, Lung-guailaka, T. T. Yii 20258
(AA); northern flank of Haba Snow Range, K. M. Feng 1098 (AA) ; northwest of Likiang,
R. C. Ching 20524 (AA); northwest Likiang, Tamichung, R. C. Ching 20510 (AA);
Litiping, between Likiang and Weihsi, R. C. Ching 22091 (AA).
KweicHow: Fan Ching Shan, Lao Shan, Steward, Chiao & Cheo 478 (AA, NY, W).
Kwancs1: No data, C. Wang 39573 (AA); Tsu Yeun District, Z. S. Chung 83561
(AA).
90 SARGENTIA [2
This distinct species is easily recognized by being unarmed, its 3-foliolate
leaves, the tuft of tomentum at the insertion of the leaflets to the petiole, and the
tomentum in the axils of lateral veins on the lower surface of the leaflets. The
leaflets are very variable in size and sometimes also in shape. The pedicels are
also variable in length, especially in fruit.
22a. Acanthopanax evodiaefolius var. gracilis W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb.
10: 6. 1917; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189. 1924; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7:
698. 1933; Lee, For. Bot. China 866. 1935; Hand.-Maz. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 88:
304. 1939. .
Leaflets 3-5, mostly 5, ferruginous-tomentose in the axils of lateral nerves
beneath ; umbels few-flowered, the peduncles slender, the pedicels in fruit 1-3.5
cm. long.
SZECHUAN: Molien, C. Schneider 1427 (AA).
Yunnan: Lichiang Range, Forrest 11282 (isotypr, AA); no data, T. T. Vii 11766
AA).
Bee Shang-sze District, Shap Mam Taai Shan, near Hoh Lung Village, W. T.
Tsang 22632 (AA) ; Liow Shiang, Tseungyuen, C. Wang 39609 (AA); Yao Shan, C. Wang
40233 (AA); Tsu Yuen District, Z. S. Chung 83310 (AA), 83451 (AA).
22b, Acanthopanax evodiaefolius var. ferrugineus W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard.
Edinb. 10: 6. 1917, 14: 111. 1924, 17: 166. 1930; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1:
187. 1924; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 698. 1933; Lee, For. Bot. China 866. 1935.
Evodiopanax evodiaefolius var. ferrugineus Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 8. 1924.
Leaflets ferruginous-tomentose on lateral nerves beneath; peduncles and pedi-
cels ferruginous-tomentose.
SOUTHEASTERN TrBetT: Tsarung, Solo-la, J. F. Rock 22283 (AA, NY, W).
YUNNAN: Shweli-Salween Divide, Forrest 12068 (1sorypr, AA), 15922 (AA): no
precise locality, T. T. Vii 8581 (AA); Shunning, Snow Range, T. T. Vii 15980 (AA).
Doubtful and Excluded Species
1. Eleutherococcus melanocarpa Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 282. 1914, Cat. PI.
Yun-Nan 11. 1915. = Aralia sp. (See Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 34. 1918).
2. Eleutherococcus Bodinieri Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 144. 1914, Fl. Kouy-
Tchéou 33. 1914. = Scheffera sp. (See Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 15: 115. 1934).
3. Acanthopanax Esquirolii Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 143. 1914, FI. Kouy-
Tchéou 33. 1914. = Schefflera sp. (See Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 15: 114. 1934).
4. Acanthopanax sp.
Eleutherococcus Koreanus Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 32. t. 7. 1927; Nakai, Honda,
Satake, & Kitagawa, Rep. Ist. Sci. Exp. Manch. 6(6): 35. 1936; non Acanthopanax
Koreanus Nakai.
This species was first described by Nakai from Korea and later recorded by
him as also found in Jehol. His description and illustration suggest Acantho-
panax senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms, and I suspect that the two are
identical. However, in the absence of authentic specimens, I leave it as Acan-
thopanax sp.
XIII. Katopanax Miquel
Kalopanax Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 10. 1863.
Shrub or tree, the branches stout, armed with short, broad-based prickles.
Leaves palmately lobed, serrulate. Flowers perfect, in umbels, the umbels race-
mosely arranged in large, terminal, compound panicles; pedicels not articulate
under the flower. Calyx-margin minutely 5-dentate. Petals 5, valvate. Ovary
2-celled, the styles united into a column. Fruit subglobose, 2-seeded; seeds flat ;
endosperm uniform.
One species in eastern Asia.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 91
Key To SPECIES AND VARIETIES
A, Leaves shallowly lobed, the lobes ovate.
B. Leaves about 9-25 cm. across, sparsely pubescent beneath ................ 1. K. pictus.
BB. Leaves about 20-40 cm. across, densely pubescent beneath.
la. K. pictus var. magnificus.
AA. Leaves deeply lobed, the lobes oblong-lanceolate ...... lb. K. pictus var. Maximowiczii.
1. Kalopanax pictus (Thunb.) Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 34. ¢. 8, 9, 10. 1927.
Acer pictum Thunb. Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsal. 4: 36, 40. 1783.
Acer septemlobum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 161. 1784.
Aralia palmata Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 187. 1790, ed. Willd. 233. 1793; Forbes & Hemsl.
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 338. 1888.
Panax ricinifolius Sieb. & Zucc. Abh. Akad. Muench. 4(2): 199. 1845 (FI. Jap. Fam. Nat.
Leo ye
Brassaiopsis ricinifolia Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 291. 1864, Revis. Heder. 18. 1868.
Tetrapanax ricinifolius K. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanzenk. 2: 371. 1859.
Acanthopanax ricinifolius Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 140. 1868, Revis. Heder. 86. 1868; Forbes
& Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 340. 1888; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27:
t. 5, f. A-D. 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 188. 1924; W. W. Smith, Notes
Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 379. 1930; Courtois, Notes Bot. Chine Mus. Heude 2: 55. 1933;
Lee, For. Bot. China 866. 1935.
Kalopanax ricinifolius Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 16. 1863; Harms in Engl. &
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 51. 1894; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 489. 1900 ;
Yabe, Enum. Pl. Manch. 98. 1912; Harms & Rehder in Sargent, PI. Wils. 2: 564.
1916; Nakai, Jour. Arn, Arb. 5: 11. 1924; W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17:
93, 180, 234. 1929-30; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 7: 318. 1931.
Acanthopanax septemlobus Koidz. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 34: 306. 1925; Hand.-Maz. Symb.
Sin. 7: 699. 1933; Merr. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 24(2): 292. 1935; Cheng ex Pei,
Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 10: 37. 1935.
Kalopanax ricinifolius var. typicus Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 12. 1924.
Kalopanax ricinifolius var. chinensis Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 13. 1921, syn. nov.
Kalopanax pictus var. typicus Nakai, FI. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 35. 1927.
A sparingly branched tree to 30 m. tall, with palmately 5—7-lobed serrulate
leaves, and flowers in umbels, with slender pedicels and peduncles, racemosely
arranged in the inflorescence. Branches with stout, short, broad-based prickles.
Leaves chartaceous, long-petiolate, suborbicular, 9-25, sometimes to 35 cm.
across, with broadly triangular-ovate to oblong-ovate acuminate lobes, the mar-
gins serrulate, dark green above and glabrous or nearly so, light green beneath
and usually sparsely pubescent when young, the lateral nerves subconspicuous
above, projecting beneath; petioles 8-50 cm. long. Inflorescence a large com-
pound terminal panicle 20-30 cm. across, the flowers 5-merous, perfect, in race-
mosely arranged umbels on branches of panicle, the umbels many-flowered, about
1.5 cm. in diameter, the peduncles slender, 2-3.5 cm. long, the pedicels slender,
5 mm. long, slightly pubescent. Calyx glabrous, the margin minutely 5-dentate.
Petals triangular-ovate, 2 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments very slender, 5
mm. long. Ovary 2-celled, the disk convex, the styles united into a single col-
umn, the stigmas 2, slightly capitate. Fruit subglobose, 4 mm. across, bluish-
black, the style-column persistent, slender, 2 mm. long, bifid at tip.
Honan: Tsi-yuan Hsien, Tien Tai Shan, J. Hers 1779 (AA).
Hopret: Eastern Tomb, C. F. Li 10046 (NY).
Mancuuria: No precise locality, Marimowics s.n. (G, NY, W).
SHANGTUNG: Chefoo, N. H. Cowdry 560 (AA); Tsingtao, First Park, C. Y. Chiao
2568 (AA, NY, W); Lao Shan, Pai Chin Shui, C. Y. Chiao 2752 (AA, NY); Lao Shan,
Hwa Yin Sze, C. Y. Chiao 2783 (AA, NY, W).
Krancsu: Bow-hwa Shan, W. Y. Chun 4256 (AA); Tan Yang, Mao Shan, Tso 1805
(AA); Nanking, C. Y. Chiao UN14709 (AA); Nanking, Kihshan, Y. L. Keng 1956 (AA) ;
Nanking, Spirit Valley, C. Y. Chiao UN18931 (NY, W).
92 SARGENTIA [2
CHEKIANG: No precise locality, Barchet 194 (W), K. K. Tson 4044 (NY); Ningpo
Mountains, Faber 44 (AA); Tien Tai Shan, Huating, C. Y. Chiao UN14477 (W); Tien
Tai Shan, C. Y. Chiao UN14707 (W), Y. L. Keng 1067 (AA).
AnuHwE!I: En route Chung Mei Hoh-Tai Hoh Hau, F. A. McClure 3996 = LU15346
CEG):
Krancst: Kiukiang, G. Shearer s.n. (G).
Hunan: Vicum Tungdjiapai prope minas Hsikwangschan distr. Hsinhwa, Handel-
Maszetti 811 = 2629 (AA); Shinning Hsien, Ma-lin-tung, C. S. Fan & Y. Y. Li 604 (AA).
Hupen: Ichang, Henry 2246 (G), 2246A (W), 3101 (G); no precise locality, Henry
4573 (G, NY) ; western Hupeh, Wilson 1680 (NY) ; Tien-scian Hsien, Silvestri 1601 (AA);
Hsing-shan Hsien, Wilson 602 (AA, W); Ichang, Wilson 1963 (AA, G, NY, W); Hsu
Tien Tsze, W. Y. Chun UN4389 (W); Chien-shih Hsien, H. C. Chow 1713 (AA, NY).
SZECHUAN: District of Tschen-keou-tin, R. P. Farges s. n. (AA, NY, W); Wa-shan,
Wilson 1962 (AA, W); An Hsien, W. P. Fang 5551 (AA) ; Tien-chuan Hsien, W. P. Fang
3406 (AA) ; Lo-shan Hsien, F. T. Wang 23635 (AA); Kuan Hsien, Y. S. Liu 1916 (AA).
SrKANG: Near Shaw-kwan, C. Y. Chiao 2039 (AA).
SOUTHEASTERN TiBET: Tsarong, Forrest 19051 (AA); Mt. Kenyichunpo and region of
Champutong, Salween-Irrawadi watershed, J. F. Rock 11521 (AA, W).
YUNNAN: Mengtze, Henry s.n. (W); Likiang, Handel-Mazzetti 6840 (AA); Mekong,
Handel-Maszzetti 10015 (AA); Yunnanfu, O. Schoh 67 = 408 (AA); no precise locality,
Forrest 11256 (AA), 11505 (AA); Yunning, Forrest 16906 (AA); Tseh Chong, banks of
the Mekong, J. F. Rock 11614 (AA, NY, W); Salween Valley, Peng-ta, T. T. Vii 23103
(AA); south Chungtien, Chiao-tow on the Yangtze, K. M. Feng 3089 (AA).
KweicHow: Huangtsauba-Taipingai, Handel-Mazzetti 112 = 10346 (AA); Chengfeng,
Y. Tsiang 4206 (AA, NY, W).
KwanctunG: Ying Tak, Chung Tung, Tai Taan, W. 7. Tsang & K. C. Wong 3135 =
LU14996 (LU) ; Lokchong Hsien, way to Tai-lang, near Heo-tse-ling, Y. Tsiang 1347 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: East Siberia, Korea, and Japan.
This species is very variable in leaf-form; the following two varieties are
distinct and well marked.
la. Kalopanax pictus var. magnificus (Zabel) Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 16: 36. 1927.
Kalopanax ricinifolius var. magnificus Zabel, Gartenwelt 11: 535. 1907; Koehne, Mitt.
Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 22: 150. 1913; Harms, op. cit. 27: 32. t. 5, f. g-o, t. 86. 1918;
Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 12. 1924,
Acanthopanax acerifolius Schelle, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 17: 212. 1908.
Kalopanax septemlobus var. magnificus Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 699. 1933.
Acanthopanax septemlobus var. magnificus Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 9:
204. 1934.
Branches nearly unarmed or with few prickles. Leaves shallowly lobed and
densely pubescent beneath, the lobes ovate.
CHEKIANG: Changhua, PF. N. Meyer 1556 (AA).
Huren: Hsin Tien-tsze, W. ¥Y. Chun 4044 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan.
1b, Kalopanax pictus var. Maximowiczii (V. Houtte) Hara, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 50: 565.
1936.
Aralia Maximowiczii V. Houtte, Fl. des Serr. 20: 39. t. 2067-2068. 1874.
Acanthopanax ricinifolius var. Maximowicsii Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 429,
f. 291d. 1909; Harms, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 27: 31. t. 5-7. 1918; Lee, For. Bot.
China 867. 1935.
Kalopanax ricinifolius var. Maximowicsti Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 13. 1924.
Kalopanax septemlobus var. Maximowicsii Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 699. 1933.
Acanthopanax septemlobus var. Maximowicsii Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China
9: 204. 1934.
Leaves deeply 5—7-lobed to beyond the middle, the lobes oblong-lanceolate,
densely pubescent beneath.
1942] ; LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 93
Honan: No precise locality, J. Hers 29 (AA); Teng Feng Hsien, Yu-tai Shan, J. Hers
2709 (AA).
SHANTUNG: Fei Hsien, Meng Shan, T. Y. Cheo & L. Yen 322 (AA).
Krancsu: Shanghai, planted on the ground of St. John’s Univ., L. H. Bailey s.n. (AA) ;
Haichow, Liu Lin Shan, J. Hers 658 (AA).
CHEKIANG: Tien Tai, H. H. Hu 253 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan.
XIV. HeEtTERoPANAX Seemann
Heteropanax Seem. Fl. Vit. 114. 1865, Jour. Bot. 4: 297. 1866, Revis. Heder. 73. 1868.
Small unarmed trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnately compound or decompound,
very large, glabrous or nearly so, the leaflets entire; stipules not prominent.
Flowers in umbels, the umbels in large panicles, more or less stellate-pubescent,
later glabrescent; bracts small, ovate, obtuse, persistent; pedicels not articulate
under the flower. Flowers polygamous, the terminal umbels of each panicle-
branch mostly perfect-flowered and usually alone fruiting, the lateral mostly
staminate. Calyx-margin nearly entire. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5, the
anthers round-oval. Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2, distinct from base, spreading.
Fruit strongly laterally compressed, almost twice as broad as long, 2-seeded ;
seeds compressed ; endosperm ruminated.
About three species in the western Himalaya region, Burma, southern China
and Java.
Type species: Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb.) Seem. (Panax fragrans
Roxb. ).
Key To SPECIES AND VARIETIES
A. Leaflets large, 8-12 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide; fruit slightly compressed.
B. Leaflets elliptic, short-acuminate, the base cuneate ................-.6- 1. H. fragrans.
BB. Leaflets ovate, short-acuminate, the base rounded to slightly cordate.
la. H. fragrans var. subcordatus.
BBB. Leaflets elliptic, long-acuminate, the base narrowly cuneate.
lb. H. fragrans var. attenuatus.
AA. Leaflets small, less than 8.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide; fruit greatly compressed.
B. Leaflets 4.5-8.5 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide; pedicels in fruit 4 mm. long.
2. H. brevipedicellatus.
BB. Leaflets 2.5-6 cm. long, 0.8-2 cm. wide; pedicels in fruit 1 cm. long.
3. H. chinensis.
1. Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb.) Seem. FI. Vit. 114. 1865, Jour. Bot. 4: 297. 1866,
Revis. Heder. 73. 1868; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 734. 1879; Forbes
& Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 343. 1888; Dunn & Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10:
120. 1912; Lévl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915; Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine
2: 1171. 1923; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924; Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia
2: 295. 1935.
Panax fragrans Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 21. 1814, nomen nudum, FI. Ind. ed. 2. 2: 76. 1832;
DC. Prodr. 4: 254. 1830.
Hedera fragrans D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 187. 1825.
A tree 8-20 m. high, with pinnately decompound leaves, the leaflets elliptic,
short-acuminate, cuneate, and with flowers in umbels, racemosely arranged in a
panicle. Leaves large, 0.5—1 m. across, stipulate, petiolate, glabrous or nearly so;
stipules small, inconspicuous; petioles 15-30 cm. long; leaflets opposite at nodes
of rachis and partial rachises, chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, elliptic,
about 6-12 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, the apex short-acuminate, the base cuneate,
the margins entire, the lateral nerves 6-10 on both sides, slightly prominent ;
petiolules 0-1 cm. long. Inflorescence a panicle, about 30-40 cm. long, ferru-
ginous-stellate-tomentose, the rachis soon glabrous; flowers in racemosely ar-
ranged umbels on the branches, the branches 10-20 cm. long, the bracts small,
94 SARGENTIA [2
ovate, obtuse, 2-3 mm. long, persistent, the umbels many-flowered, densely sub-
capitate, 1.2 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 1-1.5 cm. long, the pedicels 2 mm.
long or less in flower, elongating in fruit. Calyx tomentose, 2 mm. long, the
margin subentire or very inconspicuously 5-dentate. Petals 5, ovate, 2 mm.
long, slightly tomentose outside. Stamens 5, the filaments 3 mm. long. Ovary
2-celled, the styles 2, distinct from base, spreading. Fruit laterally compressed,
about 7 mm. across, 3-5 mm. thick, glabrous or glaucous, the pedicels 8 mm.
long, the styles 2 mm. long; seeds 2, compressed.
YUNNAN: No precise locality, Henry s. n. (NY); Muang Pan, J. F. Rock 2356 (AA,
W) ; Lung-hok, Jenn-yeh Hsien, C. W. Wang 80187 (AA).
Kwanctunc: Hongkong, C. Ford s. n. (NY): Hongkong, Botanical Garden, C. S.
Sargent s. n. (AA); Kochow, To Kang-peng CCC2739 (NY, W); Canton, Bureau of
Forestry Garden, Y. Tsiang 2056 (AA, NY); Poon Ue District, Honan, Fung Hom Z22 =
LU18627 (NY).
Hainan: Yaichow, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44635 (AA, NY, W); Chang-kiang Dis-
trict, Look Mooi Shan & vicinity, S. K. Lau 1241 (AA, NY); Chang-kiang District, Ka
Chik Shan and vicinity, S. K. Lau 2980 (AA); Kan-en District, Chim Fung Ling, near Sam
Mo Watt Village, S. K. Lau 3419 (AA); no precise locality, H. Y. Liang 63429 (W),
63650 (AA, NY), 66310 (AA, NY, W), 63839 (AA, NY), 66429 (NY), C. Wang 36212
(AA, NY).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Burma, Java.
This is var. typica of C. B. Clarke (Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 735. 1879).
The other two varieties are also found in China.
la. Heteropanax fragrans var. subcordatus C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2:
735. 1879.
Leaflets ovate, about 10 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, short-acuminate, the base
rounded or sometimes slightly cordate.
Hainan: Kan-en District, Chim Fung Mt. near Shan Mo Kwat Village, S. K. Lau
4876 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India.
1b. Heteropanax fragrans var. attenuatus C. B. Clarke in Hook f, Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 735.
1879.
Leaflets elliptic, about 11 cm. long, 4.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate, the base
narrowly cuneate.
Yunnan: Near Keng Hung, J. F. Rock 2556 (AA).
Hatnan: Ching Mai District, Pak Shek Ling and vicinity, C. J. Lei 284 (AA, NY, W).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India.
2. Heteropanax brevipedicellatus sp. nov.
Frutex erectus 4-7 m. altus. Ramis novellis conferte ferrugineo-tomentosis.
Foliis pinnatim decompositis, circa 75 cm. latis, foliolis chartaceis, utrinque gla-
bris, supra haud vel vix nitentibus, ellipticis, circa 4.5-8.4 cm. longis, 2-3.5 cm.
latis, apice acuminatis, basi arcte attenuatis, margine integris subrevolutis, nervis
lateralibus utrinsecus 6, supra inconspicuis, subtus paulo prominentibus ; petiolulis
nullis vel 1 cm. longis. Inflorescentiis paniculatis 40 cm. vel ultra longis, con-
ferte ferrugineo-tomentosis, floribus novellis capitatim in umbellis dispositis,
umbellis racemose secus paniculae ramulos dispositis, 11 cm. vel ultra longis,
bracteis 5 mm. longis. Floribus evolutis ignotis. Fructu luteo lateraliter com-
presso, 1 cm. longo, 2 mm. crasso, stylis 2 conspicuis patentibus 2-3 mm. longis,
pedicellis 4 mm. longis.
KrancGst: Lungnan District, Oo Chi Shan, near Lam Uk Tung Village, S. K. Lau 4404
(AA, W).
KWANGTUNG: Wung-yeun District, Tsing Wan Shan, Wong Chuk I and vicinity, S. K.
Lau 2426 (AA); Sin-fung District, Sha Lo Shan, Wa Mei Tong Village, Y. W. Taam 188
(AA) ; Sin-fung District, Ngong Tin Lo Shan, Lo Tam Village, Y. W. Taam 306 (tyre,
AA), Jan. 8-26, 1938.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 95
This species is characterized by its small leaflets and the very short pedicels in
the fruits. It is near Heteropanax chinensis (Dunn) Li, differing from it, aside
from the considerably shorter pedicels in fruits, in the leaflets being larger and
generally dull above.
3. Heteropanax chinensis (Dunn) comb. nov. (descr. ampl.). Fig. 13.
Heteropanax fragrans var. chinensis Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 360. 1906.
Frutex 2-3 m. altus. Ramis conferte ferrugineo-tomentosis. Foliis pin-
natim decompositis 50-60 cm. latis, stipulis minimis obscuris; petiolis 15-30 cm.
longis; foliolis ad nodos rachidum omnium oppositis, chartaceis, glabris, supra
nitidis, subtus glaucescentibus, elliptico-lanceolatis, 2.5-5.5 cm. longis, 0.8-1.8
Fig. 13. Heteropanax chinensis; 1. portion of leaf, X 4%; 2. portion of infructescence,
Ale? 3. fruit; x 2:
cm. latis, apice longe acuminatis, basi attenuatis, margine integris subrevolutis,
nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circa 6, supra inconspicuis, subtus paulo prominen-
tibus; petiolulis nullis vel 1 cm. longis. Inflorescentiis paniculatis ad 30 cm.
longis, conferte ferrugineo-tomentosis, floribus luteis fragrantibus (fide collec-
toris) umbellatis, secus ramulos paniculae racemose dispositis, ramulis 7 cm.
longis pauciumbellatis ; bracteis ovatis acutis 5 mm. longis; umbellis plurifloris 2
cm. latis; pedunculis 1—-1.5 cm. longis, bracteolis 3 mm. longis; pedicellis 4 mm.
longis, fructigeris elongatis. Calyce conferte ferrugineo-tomentoso 2 mm. longo,
manifeste 5-dentato. Petalis 5 ovatis acutis, 2 mm. longis, extus subtomentosis.
Staminibus 5, filamentis 3 mm. longis. Ovario 2-loculari, stylis 2 conspicuis.
Fructu rubro-nigrescente (fide collectoris) lateraliter compresso, 8 mm. longo, 2
mm. crasso, stylis 2-3 mm. longis patentibus, pedicellis 1 cm. longis.
YUNNAN: Szemao, Henry 12865 (isosyntype of Heteropanax fragrans var. chinensis
Dunn, AA, NY, W).
Kwancsi: South of Nanning, Seh-feng-dar-shan, R. C. Ching 8055 (LU, NY); Shang-
sze District, Shih Wan Tai Shan, Nam She Village, W. T. Tsang 24435 (AA, NY), 24584
(AA, NY), 24645 (AA, NY).
96 SARGENTIA [2
A species characterized especially by its small compound leaves, with small
long-acuminate, and attenuate leaflets.
’
XV. PENTAPANAX Seemann
Pentapanax Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 294. 1864, Revis. Heder. 20. 1868.
Trees or large scandent shrubs. Leaves simply pinnate with 3-9 leaflets, gla-
brous, the leaflets entire, crenate, or serrate. Flowers perfect or polygamous,
racemose or umbellate, when racemose the racemes paniculate, when umbellate
the umbels in compound umbels, racemes, or panicles ; pedicels articulate under
the flower. Calyx 5-dentate. Petals 5 or sometimes 7 or 8, imbricate in bud.
Stamens as many as petals, the anthers oblong. Ovary 5- or sometimes 7- or
8-celled. Styles united to summit or free for more than half their length. Fruit
globose, 5-celled and angular ; seeds laterally compressed ; endosperm uniform.
About 10 species, from South America, Australia, and India to Burma and
southern China. .
Type species: Pentapanax Leschenaultii (Wight et Arn.) Seem. (Hedera
Leschenaultti Wight et Arn.).
Key To SPECIES AND VARIETY
A. Flowers racemosely arranged on ultimate branches of inflorescence. (Section I.
Racemosae Harms.)
B, Inflorescence glabrous, the pedicels 1.5 mm. long; styles united nearly to their tips.
1. P. subcordatus.
BB, Inflorescence more or less hirsute, the pedicels 0-1 mm. long; styles in perfect flowers
free to half or more their length, recurved ..............0.0000- ...2. P. racemosus.
AA, Flowers umbellately arranged on ultimate branches of inflorescence. (Section II.
Umbellatae Harms.)
B. Inflorescence paniculate, large, about 30 cm. long, the branches simple or compound, the
NR PACOIIONE Y BITE ous 66 o< ccc nous yf vos sida sSeen CORVAE So skes 3. P. Henryt.
BB, Inflorescence corymbose, 8-15 cm. long, often with 4 umbels verticillately arranged
near middle of branches.
C. Leaflets mostly 5, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, the margins serrate.
4. P. Leschenaulti.
CC. Leaflets mostly 3, membranaceous to chartaceous, the margins entire.
4a. P. Leschenaultii var. Forrestti.
BBB. Inflorescence racemose (i.e. the umbels in simple racemes), small, 10-20 cm. or less
long.
C. Racemes with umbels all pedunculate.
D. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate; raceme 10 cm. or less long, with 2-8 umbels.
5. P. parasiticus.
DD. Leaflets broadly ovate; raceme 15-20 cm. long, with about 10 umbels.
6. P. yunnanensis.
CC. Racemes with the lower umbels pedunculate, the upper ones sessile, verticillately
OUratig CG ON ARIS 6 foci dé vais ie 89500-5048 Sele Waree e hae eek 4 eee 7. P. verticillatus,
1. Pentapanax subcordatus (Wall.) Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 295. 1864, Revis. Heder. 22.
1868; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 724. 1879; W. W. Smith, Notes
Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 299, 311. 1930.
Hedera subcordata Wall. List no. 4917. 1832, nomen nudum; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 394.
1834.
A small tree with 5-foliolate pinnately compound leaves and 3-8 panicles
clustered at ends of branches, the flowers racemosely arranged on the panicle-
branches. Leaves long-petiolate; petioles glabrous, about 25 cm. long; leaflets
chartaceous, glabrous, petiolulate, ovate-oblong, 10-14 cm. long, 7-10 cm. wide,
the apex acuminate, the base rounded to subcordate, the margins subentire to
obscurely serrulate, the lateral nerves about 8 on each side, prominent on both
surfaces, the tertiary nerves conspicuous on both surfaces; petiolules 0.5—-1 cm.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 97
long. Panicles glabrous, to 50 cm. long, the lateral branches about 10 cm. long ;
flowers racemosely arranged on branches, the pedicels about 1.5 cm. long, gla-
brous, with a minute linear bracteole at base. Calyx glabrous, the margin 5-
dentate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm. long, glabrous, reflexed. Stamens
5, the filaments 1.75 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles united into a column
to their tips. Fruit subglobose, obscurely 5-angular.
YUNNAN: Northwest of Tengyueh, Forrest 26718 (AA, W).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Himalayan region.
This species, together with Pentapanax racemosus Seem., differs from other
species of the genus in the flowers being racemosely arranged.
2. Pentapanax racemosus Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 295. 1864, Revis. Heder. 21. 1868; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 724. 1879.
A tree 7-20 m. in height, with 5-foliolate pinnately compound leaves and 3-9
panicles clustered at ends of branches, the flowers racemosely arranged on the
panicle-branches. Leaves petiolate; petioles about 10 cm. long; leaflets sub-
membranaceous, glabrous, petiolulate, ovate-oblong, 7-13 cm. long, 4.5-8 cm.
wide, the apex acuminate, the base obtuse to subcordate, the margins subentire,
the lateral nerves about 8 on each side, prominent on both surfaces, the tertiary
veins subconspicuous. Inflorescence unisexual, the panicles more or less hirsute,
to 50 cm. long, the lateral branches about 6-7 cm. long, sometimes compound ;
flowers racemosely arranged on the branches, the pedicels 0-1 mm. long, slightly
hirsute, with a minute linear bracteole at base. Calyx glabrous, the margin
minutely 5-dentate, fimbriate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 1 mm. long, glabrous,
reflexed. Stamens 5, the filaments 1 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles in
male flowers united nearly to their tips, in imperfect flowers 3-5, recurved and
free sometimes nearly to base. Fruit subglobose, very slightly angular, the
style-column persistent, the tips distinct and reflexed at about the middle.
YUNNAN: Shunning, Huaiyangpu, T. T. Yii 16375 (AA); Chenkang, Snow Range,
T. T. Yii 16894 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Himalayan region.
This species is closely related to Pentapanax subcordatus (Wall.) Seem. in
that the flowers in both are racemosely arranged on the inflorescence branches,
not in umbels. It can be distinguished from the latter by its longer petiolules,
more or less hirsute inflorescences, shorter pedicels, fimbriate calyx-margins, and
its divergent styles.
3.. Pentapanax Henryi Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 23: 21. 1896; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29:
489. 1900; Diels, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 191. 1912; Lévl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11.
1915; Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 565. 1916; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 189. 1924; W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 14: 371. 1924, 17: 236, 262.
1929-30.
Aralia tomentella Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 304. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim. 24. 1897; Lévl.
Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189. 1924; syn. nov.
Pentapanax Larium Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. KI. 61: 121. 1924;
syn. nov.
Pentapanax Henryi Harms var. Larium Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 699. 1933; syn. nov.
A shrub 2-5 m. tall, with 3- or 5-foliolate pinnately compound leaves and ter-
minal long panicles formed by numerous umbels. Leaves long-petiolate ; petioles
4-11 cm. long; leaflets membranaceous to chartaceous, glabrous above, with very
small tufts of pubescence in axils of nerves beneath, short-petiolulate, ovate to
ovate-oblong, 5-12 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, the apex acute to short-acuminate,
the base rounded to obtuse or attenuate, the margins serrate, the lateral nerves
about 6-8 on each side, subconspicuous above, distinct and elevated beneath, the
tertiary veins obscure above, subconspicuous beneath; petiolules of lateral leaflets
98 SARGENTIA [2
0.5 cm. long, those of median leaflets 1.5-3 cm. long. Inflorescence a long ter-
minal conical panicle formed by numerous umbels, the main axis densely ferru-
ginous-villose, about 30 cm. long, the lateral branches simple or compound, the
umbels many-flowered, these racemosely arranged on the branches, the peduncles
densely ferruginous-villose, 2-5 cm. long, the bracts ovate, about 5 mm. or more
long, the pedicels slender, ferruginous-villose, about 1 cm. long. Calyx glabrous,
the margin 5-dentate, the lobes ovate. Petals 5, glabrous, triangular-oblong, 1.5
mm, long, reflexed. Stamens 5, the filaments 2 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the
styles connate. Fruit ovoid, black, about 6-7 mm. across, the style-column about
2 mm. long, sometimes separate and divergent at tip.
SZECHUAN and SIKANG: No precise locality, Henry 7035 (G, W); western Szechuan,
Wilson 1311 in part (NY, W); near Tachienlu, Wilson 1311 in part (AA) ; near Mupin and
Fulin, Wilson 1311 in part (AA, G) ; west of Kuan Hsien, Pan-lan-shan, Wilson 4284 (AA).
YUNNAN: San-tschan-kiou, Delavay 3896 (holotype of Aralia tomentella Franch., photo.
and merotype in AA) ; Mengtze, Henry 11278 (AA, NY, W), 11278A (AA, NY, W); no
precise locality, F. Ducloux 125 (NY); Lichiang, C. Schneider 2075 (AA); inter fl.
Yangtze und Mekong, Djitsung-Kakatang, Handel-Massetti 7875 (isotype of Pentapanax
Larium Hand.-Maz., AA); no precise locality, Forrest 11109 (AA), 11120 (AA), 11128
(AA); western flank of Lichiang range, Forrest 16935 (AA); Sungkwei Range, Forrest
23032 (AA); between Likiang and Talifu, J. F. Rock 6564 (AA); no data, T. T. Yii 10434
(AA); western Likiang, Tamichung, k. C. Ching 21574 (AA); eastern Likiang, Tai-ngo-
koo, R. C. Ching 21648 (AA) ; Likiang City, R. C. Ching 22204 (AA); between Ngerya and
Zukou, on the border of Chungtien, K. M. Feng 2919 (AA); southern Chungtien, Tali on the
banks of the Yangtze, K. M. Feng 2315 (AA); southern Chungtien, Wo-tso on the banks of
the Yangtze, K. M. Feng 3342 (AA).
This species is characterized by the elongated paniculate inflorescence with
branches either simple or compound. Aralia tomentella Franch. is reduced to
synonymy on the basis of a photograph and fragments of the type (in AA).
The character used by Handel-Mazzetti to separate the var. Larium from the
type is trivial and not constant; hence the name is here treated as a synonym.
Cheng describes var. wangshanensis (Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 9: 205.
1934) from Anhwei, but I have seen no specimen. His description is as follows:
“A typo recedit inflorescentia minus tomentosa, squamis umbellarum parvis,
lanceolatis, 5-10 mm. longis, stylis omnino cohaerentibus.
“Anhwei: Wangshan, among rocks, alt. 1300 m., W. C. Cheng 4108, bush 2-2.5 m. tall,
fruits black, Oct. 18, 1933; same locality, M. Chen no, 1215 (type), Oct. 3, 1933.
“This new variety differs from the type by its less tomentose inflorescence
with smaller bracts of the umbels, and by its entirely connate styles. It differs
from P. Henryi var. larium Hand.-Mzt. by its more flowered (25-50) umbels,
and by its usually acute calyx lobes and entirely connate styles.”
4. Pentapanax Leschenaultii (Wight et Arn.) Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 296. 1864, Revis.
Heder. 22. 1868; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 724. 1879; Dunn, Jour.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 474. 1911; Diels, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 116, 117. 1912; Lévl.
Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189. 1924; W. W. Smith,
Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 14: 270, 309, 352. 1924, 17: 101, 125, 165, 280, 340. 1929-30;
Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 700. 1933.
Hedera Leschenaultii Wight et Arn. Prodr. 1: 377. 1834.
Hedera trifoliata Wight et Arn. Prodr. 1: 377. 1834; Wight, Icon. Plant. Ind. Orien. 1:
16. t. 307, 1840.
A tree of about 10-15 m. tall or a scandent shrub, with 3—5-pinnately compound
leaves and terminal corymbose inflorescences composed of 5-10 branches, each
branch bearing a terminal umbel and commonly with 4 more umbels verticillately
arranged near middle. Leaves petiolate; petioles 10-15 cm. long; leaflets char-
taceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous above, pubescent along the nerves or glabrous
beneath, short-petiolulate, elliptic-ovate, 6-12 cm. long, 2.5-6 cm. wide, the apex
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 99
acuminate, the base rounded, the margins bristly serrate, the lateral nerves 6-10
on each side, subconspicuous above, distinct and elevated beneath, the tertiary
veins subconspicuous above, distinct beneath; petiolules 0.3-1 cm. long. In-
florescence terminal, corymbose, about 8-15 cm. long, with 5-10 branches ar-
ranged on a short axis 1-2 cm. in length, each branch bearing a terminal umbel
and with 0-4 (commonly 4) umbels verticillately arranged near middle, puberulo-
pubescent, the umbels many-flowered, 2—2.5 cm. across, the peduncles 1.5-3 cm.
long, the pedicels 0.5-1 cm. long, glabrous or puberulo-pubescent. Calyx gla-
brous, 2 mm. long, 5-dentate. Petals 5, glabrous, 2 mm. long, cohering into an
early deciduous calyptra. Ovary 5-celled, the styles connate to nearly their tips.
Fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, slightly 5-angular, the style-column 1.5 mm. long.
SZECHUAN: Southeast of Muli, Forrest 22163 (AA).
YUNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 9806 (NY); Feng Chen Lin, Henry 13646 (AA, W);
Lidjiang, Yuling-schan, Handel-Masszetti 3735 (AA); Likiang, C. Schneider 2441 (AA, G);
inter fl. Salween et Tengyueh, C. Schneider 3166 (AA); no precise locality, Forrest 10765
(AA) ; Sung-kwei Range, Forrest 21574 (AA, W) ; Yangtze watershed, District of Likiang,
eastern slopes of the Likiang Snow Range, J. F. Rock 3730 (W), 4482 (AA, W) ; mountains
south of Likiang, Sungkwei Hochin Range, J. F. Rock 8302 (AA, W); Pin-chuan Hsien,
A. T. Tsai 52982 (AA); Che-tse-lo, H. T. Tsai 59338 (AA); Likiang Hsien, C. W. Wang
70979 (AA); Likiang Snow Range, T. T. Vii 15237; Upper Kiukiang Valley, Bahlaka,
T. T. Yii 19578 (AA), 19584 (AA); Taron-Taru Divide, Ahtehmai, T. T. Vii 20050 (AA) ;
Likiang Snow Range, R. C. Ching 30376 (AA); eastern flank of Likiang Snow Range,
R. C. Ching 30648 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India to Burma.
In this species, specimens with both 3- and 5-foliolate leaves are included.
Most of the specimens studied are with 5-foliolate leaves only. Tsai 59338 and
Yii 19584 and 20050 bear only 3-foliolate leaves, while Vii 19578 and Ching
30648 bear both 3- and 5-foliolate leaves on the same plant. This species is
characterized by the corymbose inflorescence with commonly four umbels verti-
cillately arranged near the middle of the branches.
4a. Pentapanax Leschenaultii var. Forrestii (W. W. Smith) comb. nov.
Pentapanax Forrestii W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 58. 1917.
Pentapanax truncicolus Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. KI. 61: 200. 1924,
Symb. Sin. 7: 700. 1933; syn. nov.
Leaflets mostly 3, membranaceous to chartaceous, the margins entire.
YuNNAN: Doyonlumba, ad fl. Lidjiang, Handel-Mazzetti 8321 (isotype of Pentapanax
truncicolus Hand.-Maz., AA); Wei-si Hsien, Yeh-chih, C. W. Wang 68287 (AA), 68708
(AA).
Forrest’s material, on which Smith’s species was based, and Wang’s specimens
cited above have 3-foliolate leaves only. Handel-Mazzetti’s specimen is rather
fragmentary. It is an epiphytic form with both 3- and 5-foliolate leaves.
Otherwise it agrees with Smith’s description and is probably best placed here.
5. Pentapanax parasiticus (D. Don) Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 296. 1864, Revis. Heder. 22.
1868; Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 424. 1911; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1:
189. 1924.
Hedera parasitica D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 188. 1825; DC. Prodr. 4: 265. 1830.
A low scandent shrub with 3—5-foliolate pinnately compound leaves and ter-
minal simple racemes formed by 2-8 umbels. Leaves petiolate ; petioles slender,
glabrous, 3-6 cm. long ; leaflets membranaceous, glabrous, short-petiolulate, ovate-
lanceolate, 4-7 cm. long, 2—2.5 cm. wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base
rounded to subacute, the margins entire, the lateral nerves about 6-8 on each
side, conspicuous on both surfaces, the tertiary veins manifest on both surfaces;
petiolules 3-5 mm. long. Inflorescence of terminal simple racemes of 2-8
umbels, 10 cm. or less long, glabrous, the umbels many-flowered, 2.5-3.5 cm. in
100 SARGENTIA [2
diameter, the peduncles slender, 2-4 cm. long, the bracts ovate, membranaceous,
3-5 mm. long, the pedicels slender, 0.8-1.5 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx glabrous,
5-dentate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 2 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5, the
filaments 2.5 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles long, united into a column
about 1.2 mm. long.
YUNNAN: Chi-na-tung, Champutung, C. W. Wang 66605 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India.
This differs from other species of the genus in its simple racemose inflores-
cences consisting of few umbels, its small leaves, and its rather long style-column.
The only specimen cited above has 3-foliolate leaves. Although in the original
description 5-foliolate leaves are indicated, Indian specimens available for com-
parison have both 3- and 5-foliolate leaves. The 3-foliolate leaves may be inter-
preted as representing intra-specific variation, as is found in various other species
of the genus.
6. Pentapanax yunnanensis Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 305. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim. 25.
1897; Lévl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189.
1924; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 700. 1933.
A glabrous shrub, with 5-foliolate pinnately compound leaves and terminal
racemes formed by few umbels. Leaves long-petiolate; petioles 4-12 cm. long ;
leaflets chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, subsessile to short-petiolulate,
broadly ovate, 5-7.5 cm. long, 3.5-5.5 cm. wide, the apex obtuse to acute, the base
rounded, the margins serrate, the lateral nerves about 6 on each side, conspicuous
on both surfaces, the tertiary veins prominent on both surfaces; petiolules 0-0.5
cm. long, the terminal to 4 cm. long. Inflorescence a terminal raceme formed by
about 10 umbels, about 15-20 cm. long, glabrous, the umbels many-flowered,
racemosely arranged on the main axis, the peduncles about 2 cm. long, the
pedicels 0.8-1 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx glabrous, the margin 5-dentate, the
lobes rounded. Petals 5, glabrous. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles
connate into a column. Fruits depressed-globose, 4 mm. across, 5-angular.
YUNNAN: In monte Ma-eul-shan, Delavay s. n. (HOLOTYPE, merotype in AA); Pelong-
tsin, Maire 6300 (W); Dali, Yidjiatscheang, Handel-Mazzetti 6424 (AA) (juvenile).
A species characterized by its broadly ovate leaflets and solitary terminal in-
florescences, the latter formed by racemosely arranged umbels. This Pentapanax
resembles certain species of Aralia, particularly A. caesia Hand.-Maz. and its
allies.
7. Pentapanax verticillatus Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 498. 1903; Chung, Mem.
Sci. Soc. China 1: 189, 1924,
A shrub about 1 m. tall, with 3-foliolate pinnately compound leaves and ter-
minal inflorescences, the flowers in umbels, terminating the main axis and basal
branches and also arranged verticillately along the axis, these lateral umbels
sessile. Leaves petiolate; petioles 3-5 cm. long, glabrous; leaflets subcoriaceous,
glabrous above, glaucous beneath, short-petiolulate, ovate, 5-8 cm. long, 2—3 cm.
wide, the apex acute, the base acute to slightly rounded, the margins entire,
revolute, the lateral nerves 6-8 on each side, conspicuous on both surfaces, the
tertiary veins subconspicuous. Inflorescence terminal, 6-10 cm. long, red-
ferruginous-tomentose, branching near base only, the branches about 1.5 cm.
long, with large membranaceous bracts at base of inflorescence and of branches,
the umbels many-flowered, 1.5—2 cm. across; pedicels slender, about 6-8 mm.
long. Calyx glabrous, 5-dentate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm. long,
glabrous. Stamens 5, the filaments 1.5 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles
united into a single column.
YUNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 9284 (1sotypr, AA, NY, W).
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 101
A species, known from the original collection only, characterized by the small
inflorescences which are red-ferruginous-tomentose, few-branched at the base
only, and with sessile umbels verticillately arranged on the main axis.
XVI. Arata Linnaeus
Aralia Linn. Syst. ed. 1. 1735; Gen. Pl. ed. 1. 88. 1737, ed. 5. 134. 1754.
Dimorphanthus Mig. Comm. Phytogr. 95. ¢. 12. 1840.
Herbs, shrubs, or small trees, glabrous or hairy, often prickly. Leaves pinnate
to tripinnate, with serrate or nearly entire leaflets, exstipulate. Flowers poly-
gaimo-monoecious, in umbels, the umbels solitary or several together, usually
arranged in racemes or panicles, rarely in compound umbels, the pedicels mostly
distinctly articulate under the flower. Calyx-margin minutely 5-dentate. Petals
5, imbricate. Ovary 2-5-celled. Styles 2-5, free or shortly connate at base,
the disk fleshy, small, slightly raised at the margin. Fruit 2—5-celled, subglobose,
3—5-angular ; seeds compressed; endosperm uniform.
Over thirty species in North America, Asia and Malaya.
Type species: Aralia spinosa Linn.
Key To SPECIES AND VARIETIES
A. Herbs.
B. Inflorescence corymbose, the main axis 5 cm. or less long. (Section I. Anomalae
Harms). :
C. Petiolules of lateral leaflets none or short, 0-1 cm. long.
D. Leaflets small, 1-3.5 X 1-2 cm., deeply and densely double-serrate...1. A. aptoides.
DD. Leaflets large, 3-12 X 1.5-7 cm., serrate or crenate-serrate.
E. Leaflets ovate or elliptic, sparsely pilose along the veins on both surfaces, the
base obtuse to slightly rounded, the margins crenate-serrate ......2. A. Henryi.
EE. Leaflets ovate to oblong-ovate, scabrid on both surfaces, pubescent along the
veins beneath, the base cordate, the margins serrate.
Faeanets large, 3-12 % Bog Seem a ess ks ok oes cna 3. A. Fargesit.
FF, Leaflets small, 4.5 X 2 cm. or less ........ 3a. A. Fargesii var. yunnanensis.
CC. Petiolules of lateral leaflets 0.5-2 cm. long ...............0. 4. A. atropurpurea.
BB. Inflorescence paniculate, the main axis 10 cm. or more long. (Section II. Genuinae
Harms).
C, Leaflets: large, 4-15 cm. long |. 4 see eee es sce hae aecse 5. A. cordata.
CC. Leaflets @mall, 2—4.5 cm, long< gee pe ace cs ccc ns 6. A. dumetorum.
AA. Shrubs or trees.
B. Flowers distinctly pedicellate, umbellate. (Section III. Arborescentes Harms).
C. Plants always more or less armed with prickles or spines.
D. Stems and branches densely prickly; petiole, rachis, and partial rachises of leaves
as well as inflorescences more or less prickly.
E. Leaves and inflorescences with long prickles and dense, long setose hairs, the
priciies 3-10 mm, lomgjcecueee ee oak Ss cw ce Ee 7. A. spinifolia.
EE. Leaves and inflorescences with short prickles, glabrous or pilose, the prickles
less than 4 mm. long.
F. Pedicels short, 1.5 cm. lomm; @abesemiitg.:<... ccs. es ccc cu cees 8. A. armata.
FF’, Pedicels long, 2-5 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so ........... 9. A. foliolosa.
DD, Stems and branches densely or sparingly prickly; petiole, rachis and partial
rachises of leaves and inflorescences unarmed or occasionally with very few widely
scattered prickles.
E. Inflorescence corymbose-paniculate, the axis short, the branches subumbellately
arranged.
F Leaflets undulate-mucrométy (72-9 ee ies cc oe oe conc e vnc 10. A. undulata.
FF. Leaflets serrate, not undulate.
G. Leaflets subchartaceous, glabrous to slightly pubescent along the veins: in-
florescence pubesserst cj caus ee ls any oc ’s cc once ccuae 11. A. elata.
GG. Leaflets coriaceous, fulvous-strigose-tomentose; inflorescence densely ful-
VOUS-StFIZOSE ..c%. c.crc cE ee gc cs 12. A. Searelliana.
102 SARGENTIA [2
EE. Inflorescence paniculate, the axis long, the branches racemosely arranged.
F. Pedicels short, 4-6 mm. long.
G. Leaflets glabrous to slightly scabrid above, pubescent especially along the
WEIS DCHCAEN: Gp aicch nb odie donde be hs a ais Oe ieee ee 13. A. chinensis.
GG. Leaflets glabrous above, glaucescent and glabrous beneath except the spar-
ingly pubescent midrib ................-.0 00s 13a. A. chinensis var. nuda.
GGG. Leaflets densely yellow-strigose above, densely yellow-strigose-tomentose
especially along the veins beneath ....13b. A. chinensis var. dasyphylloides.
FF. Pedicels long, 0.8-3 cm. long.
G. Leaflets membranaceous to subchartaceous, glabrous. ...14. A. echinocaulis.
GG. Leaflets chartaceous to coriaceous, fulvous-tomentose.
H. Umbels many (30—50)-flowered ..........ceceeeceees 15. A. Decaisneana.
HH. Umbels fewer (15-20) -flowered ..............00005. 16. A. Thomsonii.
CC. Plants completely unarmed.
D. Leaves once or twice pinnate.
E. Leaves usually once pinnate, 10-16 cm. long, the leaflets ovate to orbicular.
17. A. caesia.
EE. Leaves bipinnate, 30-40 cm. long, the leaflets oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate.
18. A. Wilsonii.
BA): “TORO. COUR 5 gs 0s oe 594 4 nw sw kos ke eG Sa 19. A. plumosa.,
BB. Flowers sessile, capitate. (Section IV. Capituligerae Harms) ...20. A. dasyphylla.
1. Aralia apioides Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 701. t. 11, f. 7. 1933.
An herb about 1 m. tall, with thick horizontal rhizomes, 1—3-pinnate leaves,
and terminal or axillary corymbose-paniculate inflorescences. Upper leaves often
simple- or 2-pinnate, 3—9-foliolate, short-petiolate, the lower leaves 2- or 3-pin-
nate, to 60 cm. long including the petiole, long-petiolate, the pinnae 2-pinnate, the
ultimate pinnules 5—9-foliolate; petioles slender, 2-15 cm. long; leaflets mem-
branaceous, glabrous to slightly pilose-scabrid above, slightly pilose to glabrescent
along the veins beneath, short-petiolulate, broadly ovate, 1-3.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm.
wide, the apices of terminal leaflets long-acuminate, of lateral ones often obtuse,
the base cordate to obtuse, the lateral ones usually slightly oblique, the margins
deeply and densely double-serrate (teeth setose-acuminate), the lateral nerves
about 4 or 5 on each side, subconspicuous, the tertiary veins inconspicuous above,
subconspicuous beneath; petiolules 1-5 mm. long. Inflorescence terminal or
axillary, corymbose-paniculate, slightly pilose to glabrescent, to 30 cm. long;
flowers in umbels, these racemosely arranged on the branches, 7—10-flowered, the
peduncles 1.5—-3 cm. long, the pedicels 1-4 mm. long. Calyx glabrous, about 1.5
mm. long, 5-dentate, the lobes triangular-ovate, obtuse. Petals 5, triangular-
ovate, about 1 mm. long. Stamens 5. Ovary 3—5-celled, the styles 3—5, distinct.
Fruit subglobose, about 4 mm. long, 5-angular. .
YuNNAN: Northern flank of Haba Snow Range, K. M. Feng 1351 (AA).
This species is near to Aralia Fargesu Franch. and A. Henryi Harms, differing
from both in its much smaller leaflets, which are deeply and densely double-
serrate.
2. Aralia Henryi Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 23: 12. 1896; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 490.
1900.
Aralia pilosa Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 302. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim. 21. 1897.
A slender herb, with short rhizome, 3-pinnate leaves, and terminal corymbose-
paniculate inflorescences. Leaves about 16-20 cm. long including the petioles,
the ultimate pinnules 3-foliolate ; petioles 5-8 cm. long, puberulous to glabrous;
leaflets membranaceous, sparsely pilose along the veins on both surfaces, the
lateral leaflets sessile to subsessile, the terminal petiolulate, ovate or elliptic, 3.5—
7.5 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, the lateral ones smaller and oblique, the apex acumi-
nate, the base obtuse to slightly rounded, the margins crenate-serrate, the lateral
nerves about 6-8 on each side, subconspicuous, the tertiary veins inconspicuous
above, subconspicuous beneath; petiolules of terminal leaflets 0.4-2 cm. long.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 103
Inflorescence a terminal corymbose-panicle, the flowers in umbels, these few-
flowered, the peduncles 0.5—-1 cm. long, the pedicels short, about 2-3 mm. long.
Calyx 5-dentate, the lobes obtuse. Petals 5, membranaceous, broadly triangular-
ovate, the apex acute to subobtuse. Stamens 5. Ovary 3—5-celled, the styles
3-5, filiform, distinct. Fruit subglobose, about 3 mm. across, 5-angular.
Hupen: No precise locality, Henry 6655 (1sotypr, G, NY).
3. Aralia Fargesii Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 302. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim. 22. 1897;
Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 490. 1900; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189.
1924.
An herb about 1 m. tall, with thick elongate rhizome, 1—3-pinnate leaves, and
terminal or axillary, subumbellate or corymbose, few-branched inflorescences.
Leaves 1—3-pinnate, the upper leaves often simple-pinnate, 3—5-foliolate, the
lower 2- or 3-pinnate, 20-45 cm. long including the petioles, the pinnae 1-2-
pinnate, the ultimate pinnules 3-5-foliolate; petioles slender, 4-16 cm. long;
leaflets membranaceous, scabrid on both surfaces, pubescent along the veins
beneath, petiolulate, ovate to oblong-ovate, 3-12 cm. long, 1.5—7 cm. wide, the
apex long-acuminate, the base cordate, the lateral ones slightly oblique, the mar-
gins serrate, the lateral nerves about 5 or 6 on each side, subconspicuous, the
tertiary veins inconspicuous above, subconspicuous beneath; petiolules glabrous
to slightly pilose, the lateral ones 0.2-1 cm. long, the terminal 1-2.5 cm. long.
Inflorescence terminal or axillary, subumbellate or corymbose, few-branched, the
branches 7—22 cm. long, simple or compound, the flowers in umbels, these race-
mosely arranged on the branches, about 10-20-flowered, 1.4 cm. across, the
peduncles 1.5—7 cm. long, glabrous or slightly scabrid, the pedicels 2-4 mm. long,
glabrous or slightly scabrid. Calyx slightly scabrid outside, 5-dentate, the lobes
broad-triangular. Petals 5, glabrous. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles
distinct. Fruit subglobose, whitish, about 5 mm. long, strongly 5-angular.
Hupen: No precise locality, Henry 6785 (G, NY, W).
SZECHUAN: Tschen-keou-tin, Farges s. n. (HOLOTYPE, photo. in AA).
YunnaN: No data, F. Ducloux 169 (NY), T. T. Yii 14050 (AA); Muli, Consinliang
near Ngerya, on the border of Chungtien, K. M. Feng 2791 (AA).
This species is near Aralia Henryi Harms, differing in the shape, indumentum,
and serration of the leaflets as indicated in the descriptions. It is also related to
A. cordata Thunb. but can be distinguished from the latter by its usually smaller
leaflets, with more rounded bases, its corymbose inflorescence, and its shorter
pedicels.
3a. Aralia Fargesii var. yunnanensis (Franch.) comb. nov.
Aralia yunnanensis Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 303. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim. 23. 1897; Lévl.
Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189. 1924.
Differs from the species in the smaller leaflets, these ovate-oblong, 4.5 cm. long,
2 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base cordate to subcordate, the margins
serrate.
Yunnan: Kichan, Tapintze, Delavay 4027 (uoLotyPE of Aralia yunnanensis Franch.,
photo. and merotype in AA).
Two specimens are cited in the original description of Aralia yunnanensis
Franch. Fragments and photographs of both in the herbarium of the Paris
Museum are in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. The two numbers
apparently represent two entirely different species; the first, Delavay 4027, is an
herbaceous plant, and the second, Delavay 4581, is a woody plant. The first one
is here treated as the type of his species. It is very similar to Aralia Fargesii
Franch., the leaves with the same setose surfaces and serrate margins, and the
fruits of both are whitish, globose, and strongly 5-angular. It differs from
104 SARGENTIA [2
Aralia Fargesti Franch. in the smaller and narrower leaflets and is here treated
as a variety of the latter. See also notes under A. Wilsonii Harms.
4. Aralia atropurpurea Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 301. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim. 21. 1897;
Lévl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 701. 1933.
An herb about 1-1.5 m. tall, with elongated rhizome, 1- or 2-pinnate leaves,
and terminal corymbose inflorescence. Upper leaves simple-pinnate, 3—7-folio-
late, the lower leaves 1- or 2-pinnate, 20-30 cm. long including the petiole, the
pinnae 3-foliolate; petioles 1.5—4 cm. long; leaflets membranaceous, sparsely se-
tose-scabrid on both sides, long-petiolulate, ovate, 3-8 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, the
apex long-acuminate, the base broad-cuneate, the margins double-serrate, the
lateral nerves about 5-7 on each side, subconspicuous, the tertiary veins incon-
spicuous ; petiolules 0.5-2.5 cm. long, the terminal one to 4 cm. long. Inflores-
cence terminal, corymbose, glabrous to slightly scabrid, the branches to 18 cm.
long, usually again umbellately branched at tip, the umbels few-flowered, the
peduncles slender, 3-7 cm. long, the pedicels about 1 cm. long. Calyx 1.5 cm.
long, the margin 5-dentate, the lobes deltoid, acute. Petals 5, purplish, glabrous,
triangular. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, distinct. Fruit globose,
about 3.5 cm. across, 5-angled.
YUNNAN: Wei-si Hsien, C. W. Wang 63870 (AA); Mekong-Salwin divide, Sewalongba,
T. T. Yt 22458 (AA).
This species is near Aralia Henryi Harms, A. Fargesii Franch., and A.
apioides Hand.-Maz., but can be distinguished from them by its long petiolules
and its slender and long peduncles.
5. Aralia cordata Thunb. Fl. Jap. 127. 1784; Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 23: 15. 1896; Dunn,
Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 419. 1911; Yabe, Enum. Pl. Manch. 98. 1912; Chung, Mem.
Sci. Soc. China 1: 189. 1924; Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 28. 1924; Chien, Contr. Biol.
Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 68. 1927; Tang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 2: 101. 1931.
Aralia edulis Sieb. & Zuce. Fl. Jap. 1: 57. t. 25. 1837; Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 134. 1868,
Revis. Heder. 91. 1868.
Aralia nutans Franch. & Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 376. 1879.
Dimorphanthus edulis Mig. Comm. Phytogr. 96. 1837; Walp. Rep. 2: 431. 1843.
An herb 1-3 m. tall, with stout spreading branches, large 3—5-pinnate leaves,
and long axillary panicles. Petioles 15-30 cm. long; leaflets submembranaceous,
glabrous above, slightly pubescent along the veins beneath, subsessile to short-
petiolulate, long-ovate to oblong-ovate, 4-15 cm. long, 3-10 cm. wide, the apex
abruptly acuminate, the base rounded or cordate, the lateral ones often oblique,
the margins coarsely serrate, the lateral nerves about 5—8 on each side, subcon-
spicuous above, distinct and elevated beneath, the tertiary veins inconspicuous
above, conspicuous beneath; petiolules 0-2.5 cm. long, the terminal one to 5 cm.
long. Inflorescence to 50 cm. long, the branches compound or simple; flowers
in umbels, these racemosely arranged on the branches, few- to many-flowered,
1.5-2.5 cm. across, the peduncles 1.5—5 cm. long, slightly pubescent, the bracts
small and scale-like, the pedicels 5-10 mm. long, slightly pubescent. Calyx
glabrous, 1.5 mm. long, the margin 5-dentate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 1.5
mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, distinct, erect.
Fruit globose, 3 mm. across, strongly 5-angled, the styles 5, free or united at base.
Hoper: Eastern Tomb, H. T. Tsai 50277 (AA); Pao-feng-tze, C. W. Wang 60812
(AA) ; Liang-ho-kou, T. K. Wang & T. S. Wen 694 (AA).
Mancuurta: Mukden, f. Jula-dsian, Maximowicz s. n. (W); no precise locality, V’.
Komarov 1152 (AA).
ANHWE!I: Whang-shan, R. C. Ching 2957 (AA, W).
SzECHUAN: Hung-to-hao and Pan-lan-shan, west of Kuan-hsien, Wilson 4285 in part
(AA).
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 105
KwancGsi: Yeo-mer-shan, north of Hin Yen, R. C. Ching 7151 (LU, NY); no data,
Z. S. Chung 83497 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Japan.
6. Aralia dumetorum Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 701. 1933.
A suffrutescent herb 1-1.5 m. high, with tripinnate leaves and terminal panicu-
late inflorescences. Leaves triangular in outline, about 17 cm. long, the pinnae
5-9-foliolate, the ultimate pinnules 3-foliolate; petioles to 4 cm. long; leaflets
subchartaceous, short-petiolulate, white-furfuraceous-setose along the veins on
both surfaces, ovate to ovate-oblong, 2-4.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, the apex
long-acuminate, the base cordate to subcordate, the margins double-serrate, the
teeth mucronate, the lateral nerves about 5-7 on each side, conspicuous on both
surfaces, the tertiary veins obscure; petiolules 8-20 mm. long, the terminal one
to 45 mm. long. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, the main axis to 15 cm. long,
with several axillary long-stalked 1—3-umbellate inflorescences added below, the
umbels 12—18-flowered, the peduncles about 2.5 cm. long, slightly pilose, the
bracts lanceolate, to 5 mm. long, the pedicels to 7 mm. long. Calyx-margin den-
tate, the lobes triangular. Petals ovate. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, distinct,
0.5 mm. long, erect. Fruit globose, about 7 mm. across, black.
SIKANG: Southwest of Tachienlu, Wilson 4185 (AA).
This species was originally described by Handel-Mazzetti from Yunnan. It
is characterized by the terminal paniculate inflorescence with additional smaller
axillary ones below.
7. Aralia spinifolia Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. 15: 294. 1919; Hand.-Maz. Beih. Bot.
Centralbl. 52B: 172. 1934.
An erect shrub about 3 m. high, with bipinnate, prickly and setose leaves, and
large, lax, prickly and setose panicles. Leaves large, the rachis, partial rachises,
and leaflets on both surfaces covered with scattered, long, slender, nearly straight
prickles and with more numerous slender, spreading setae, the prickles 3-10 mm.
long, the setae 1.5-3 mm. in length; pinnae 5-9-foliolate, about 30 cm. long;
leaflets membranaceous, subsessile, dark brown or olivaceous when dry, oblong-
ovate, 9-12 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, the lower surface somewhat paler than the
upper, with few scattered spines along midrib and nerves, with more numerous
setae scattered all over the epidermis on both surfaces, the apex acuminate, the
base rounded, often slightly oblique, the margins serrate, the teeth apiculate, the
lateral nerves about 5 or 6 on each side, subconspicuous, the tertiary veins obscure
above, slightly impressed beneath. Inflorescence with scattered prickles and
dense setae; flowers in umbels, these many-flowered, 2.5 cm. in diameter, the
peduncles 1-6 cm. long, setose and prickly, the pedicels 10-15 cm. long, setose.
Calyx glabrous, 1.5 mm. long, distinctly 5-dentate, the lobes deltoid, acute, broad.
Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm. long, broad. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled,
the styles 5, distinct. Fruit ovoid, glabrous, about 5 mm. long, prominently
5-angular and deeply 5-sulcate.
KiancGsi1: Lungnan District, Oo Chi Shan, near Lam Uk Village, S. K. Lau 4657 (AA,
W) ; Kiennan District, Sai Hang Cheung, near Tung Li Village, S. K. Lau 4380 (AA, W).
Kwanctunc: Chan Tung Hill, C. O. Levine 3242 (nototyrr, NY, isotype, LU); Yen-
. wong-chai, Yao-shan, S. S. Sin 11458 (NY); Wung Yuen District, Tsing Wan Shan, Wong
Chuk I, S. K. Lau 2436 (G).
Kwancsi: An Tsai, F. A. McClure 3533 = LU19098 (LU, NY).
Fuxien: No data, H. H. Chung 7831 (NY).
This species is characterized by its prickly and setose leaves and inflorescences.
The Fukien specimen cited above is doubtfully referred to this species; it consists
of a portion of a leafy specimen and a separate portion of an inflorescence. The
leaves are doubtless those of Aralia spinifolia Merr., but the inflorescence is only
106 SARGENTIA ° [2
ferruginous-tomentose and not setose nor spiny and resembles that of A. chinensis
Linn.
8. Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 134. 1868, Revis. Heder. 91. 1868; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 723. 1879; Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 23: 18. 1896; Viguier
in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1162. f. 137, 1-4. 1923; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 189. 1924; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 6: 283. 1931; Hu, Wang, & Hsia, Fan
Mem. Inst. Biol. Bull. Bot. Ser. 8: 532. 1938.
Panax armatus Wall. List no. 4933. 1832, nomen nudum; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 386. 1834;
Walp. Rep. 2: 429. 1843.
Panax Finlaysonianus Wall. List no. 4936. 1832, nomen nudum; G. Don, Gen. Syst 3:
386. 1834; Walp. Rep. 2: 429. 1843.
Aralia Finlaysoniana Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 134. 1868, Revis. Heder. 91. 1868.
A sparingly prickly shrub, with large 3-pinnate leaves, and prickly, large,
paniculate inflorescences. Prickles conical, short, often recurved, the bases
broadened. Leaves usually 3-pinnate, with a pair of leaflets at each division of
the rachis, the ultimate pinnules 5—9-foliolate, the rachis and partial rachises and
petioles prickly ; leaflets chartaceous, subsessile, pilose on both surfaces especially
along the veins, ovate-oblong, 4-11 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, the apex acuminate,
the base rounded or cordate, the margins serrate, the lateral nerves 4-6 on each
side, subconspicuous, the tertiary veins inconspicuous. Inflorescence a large pani-
cle up to 50 cm. long, prickly, the lower part of the rachis glabrous, the upper
part pubescent; flowers in umbels, these many-flowered, 2—2.5 cm. across, the
peduncles 1-5 cm. long, the pedicels 1—1.5 cm. long, pubescent. Calyx 2 mm.
long, glabrous, distinctly 5-dentate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 2 mm. long,
glabrous. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, distinct, erect. Fruit glo-
bose, 4 mm. across, prominently 5-angular.
YUNNAN: Between Keng Hung and Muang Hing, J. F. Rock 2655 (AA); Ping-pien
Hsien, H. T. Tsai 61854 (AA) ; Che-li Hsien, Sheau-meng-yeang, C. W. Wang 75703 (AA),
75850 (AA), 75990 (AA); Che-li Hsien, Dah-meng-lung, C. W. Wang 77692 (AA); Che-
li Hsien, Ban-chiou-chian, C. W. Wang 79766 (AA).
Kweicuow: Lohu, Y. Tsiang 7235 (NY); Do-wan, Chenfeng, S. W. Teng 90890 (AA).
KwancGsi: Tsin Hung Shan, north of Hin Yen, Rk. C. Ching 7064 (AA); Bako Shan,
west of Poseh, R. C. Ching 7680 (AA); San-chiang Hsien, Lao Pao K’ou, A. N. Steward
& H.C. Cheo 1039 (AA); Shang-sze District, Shap Man Taai Shan, Nam She Village,
W. T. Tsang 24745 (AA).
KwAaAnctuNG: Hongkong, C. Ford s.n. (AA, NY); Little Hongkong, Henry s.n. (NY).
Hainan: Neg Chi Leng, F. A. McClure CCC8474 (LU, NY); Hung Mo Tung, Tsang
& Fung 685 = LU1I8219 (NY); Taam-chau District, Sha Po Shan, Taai Shui ravine,
W. T. Tsang 680 = LU16179 (AA, NY); Taam-chau District, Hoi Ta Shan, W. T. Tsang
825 = LU16324 (AA, NY, W); Dung Ka, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 43586 (AA, NY, W);
Ching-mai District, Pak Shik Ling, Ku Tung Village, C. J. Lei 930 (AA); Po-ting, F. C.
How 71964 (AA); Tai-pin, J. L. Gressitt 1072 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Burma, Indo-China, and the Malay Peninsula.
A species characterized by its prickly stems, leaves, and inflorescences.
9. Aralia foliolosa (Wall.) Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 134. 1868, Revis. Heder. 91. 1868; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 723. 1879; Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39:
419, 1911; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189, 1924.
Panax foliolosus Wall. List no. 4928. 1832, nomen nudum.
A large, very prickly shrub, glabrous or nearly so, with large, 2- or 3-pinnate
leaves and large lax panicles. Prickles short, strong, spreading. Leaves with
a pair of leaflets at each division of rachis, the ultimate pinnules 5—9-foliolate, the
rachis and partial rachises slightly prickly; leaflets chartaceous, glabrous or mi-
nutely pilose above, slightly pilose on nerves beneath, sessile to short-petiolulate,
elliptic, 3.5-8 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base usually
rounded, the margins remotely serrate, the lateral nerves about 6-8 on each side,
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 107
subconspicuous above, manifest beneath, the tertiary veins slightly impressed
above, subconspicuous beneath ; petiolules 0-3 mm. long. Inflorescence a large
lax panicle, the branches 30-45 cm. long, glabrous, slightly prickly or unarmed ;
flowers in umbels, these 10—15-flowered, the peduncles 1-3 cm. long, glabrous or
nearly so, the bracts narrowly oblong, to 1 cm. long, membranaceous, persistent,
the pedicels 2-5 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so, the bracteoles 1 mm. long, per-
sistent. Calyx glabrous, 2 mm. long, 5-dentate. Petals 5, 2 mm. long, glabrous.
Stamens 5, the filaments 3 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, distinct.
YUNNAN: Szemao, Henry 11271 (AA, NY).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India.
This species is very near Aralia chinensis var. nuda Nakai, differing particu-
larly in the glabrous or almost glabrous pedicels and peduncles.
10. Aralia undulata Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 705. t. 12, f. 6. 1933.
A sparingly armed shrub, 3-6 m. tall, with large bipinnate leaves and large
terminal corymbose panicles. Prickles short, conical. Leaves to 60 cm. long,
glabrous; leaflets chartaceous, glaucous beneath, short-petiolulate, ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, 7.5—12.5 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, the apex long-acuminate, the base
rounded, the lateral ones more or less oblique, margins slightly undulate-
mucronate, the lateral nerves about 9 on each side, subconspicuous above, mani-
fest beneath, the tertiary veins slightly impressed above, conspicuous beneath ;
petiolules 5 mm. long, the terminal to 2 cm. long. Inflorescence erect, the axis
short, the branches subumbellately arranged, to 40 cm. long, racemosely
branched; flowers in umbels, the peduncles about 4 cm. long, brownish, fur-
furaceous-hirsute, bearing a terminal umbel and with or without a few pedicels
racemosely or subumbellately arranged beneath, the pedicels 6 mm. long, hirsute,
the bracteoles lanceolate, to 17 mm. long, brown, submembranaceous, more or
less ciliate at margins. Calyx glabrous, 1.5 mm. long, 5-dentate. Petals 5, ob-
long, 1.5 mm. long, reflexed. Stamens 5, the filaments 1.5 mm. long. Ovary
5-celled, the styles 5, distinct.
Kwancst: No data, R. C. Ching 7119 (LU); San-chiang Hsien, Ling Wang Shan,
A. N. Steward & C. C. Cheo 976 (AA, NY).
This species resembles Aralia hypoleuca Presl (1851) = Aralia bipinnata
Blanco (1837) of the Philippines and Formosa in its leaflet margins, inflores-
cences, and bracteoles. The leaflets are only slightly undulate, while in A.
hypoleuca they are distinctly and sharply so. Moreover, in A. undulata the
inflorescence is more or less brown-hirsute, and with or without few flowers
racemosely or subumbellately arranged on the peduncles below the terminal
umbels. Handel-Mazzetti’s original species is described from a juvenile speci-
men from Yiinshan, southern Hunan. The specimens above referred to this
species are flowering ones from Kwangsi.
11. Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 134. 1868, Revis. Heder. 90. 1868; Harms
in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 57. 1894; Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 30.
1924, Fl. Syl. Koreana 16: 46. t. 16. 1927.
Dimorphanthus elatus Miq. Comm. Phytogr. 95. t. 12. 1840; Walp. Rep. 2: 430. 1843.
Aralia canescens Sieb. & Zucc. Abh. Akad. Muench. 4(2): 202. 1845 (FI. Jap. Fam. Nat.
1; 94).
Dimorphanthus mandshuricus Rupr. & Maxim. Mém. Div. Sav. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 9:
133. 1859 (Prim. Fl. Amur.).
Aralia Mandshurica Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 134. 1868, Revis. Heder. 90. 1868.
Aralia mandshurica Maxim. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 15: 134. 1856.
Aralia manshurica Komarov, Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 123. 1907 (Fl. Mansch. IIT).
Aralia spinosa Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 7. 1863, pro parte; non Linn.
Aralia spinosa var. canescens Sarg. Silva North Am. 5: 60. 1893.
108 SARGENTIA [2
Aralia chinensis var. canescens Koehne, Deutsch. Dendr. 432. 1893; Rehder in Bailey
Cycl. Am. Hort. 1: 88. 1900.
Aralia spinosa var. glabrescens Franch. & Sav. Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 191. 1875.
Aralia chinensis var. glabrescens Schneider, Il. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 431. 1911; Rehder
in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 344. 1914.
Aralia chinensis var. mandschurica Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. 1: 11. 1900, in
Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 344. 1914; Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 197. 1914;
Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189. 1924.
A shrub or tree 5—6 m. tall, the stems usually prickly, the leaves large, bipin-
nate, the inflorescence large, terminal, corymbose-paniculate. Leaves 40-80 cm.
long, often prickly, with a pair of leaflets at each division of the rachis; leaflets
subchartaceous, glabrous to slightly pubescent along veins on both surfaces when
young, subsessile to short-petiolulate, ovate to ovate-elliptic, 5-12 cm. long, 3.5-7
cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base rounded to subcordate, the margins ser-
rate with rather broad teeth or remotely serrulate, the lateral nerves 6-8 on each
side, prominent on both surfaces, the tertiary veins subconspicuous; petiolules
0.3 mm. long. Inflorescence pubescent, the axis short, the branches panicled,
umbellately arranged, 30-45 cm. long, spreading; flowers in umbels, these few-
to many-flowered, 1.5 cm. across, the peduncles 1-4 cm. long, the pedicels 6-7
mm. long, pubescent, the bracteoles linear, acute, 3 mm. long, pubescent. Calyx
1.5 mm. long, glabrous, the margin 5-dentate, the lobes acute. Petals 5, tri-
angular-ovate, 1.5 mm. long, reflexed. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles
5, distinct, recurved. Fruit globose, 3 mm. across, 5-angular.
MancuuriA: Amur River, R. Maack s. n. (G); Amur, Maximowicz s. n. (G, NY);
Kirin, V. Komarov 1151 (AA); Mifun, B. V. Skvortzov s. n. (AA); Hailin, B. V. Skvort-
sov s.n. (AA); Mefuv, P. H. and J. H. Dorsett 4205 (W); Hsiaoling, B. V. Skvortsov
sn. (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Siberia, Korea, and Japan.
This species is closely related to Aralia chinensis Linn., differing in its usually
thinner and less tapering leaflets with rather coarse and remote serrations.
The inflorescence has a short main axis, with the spreading branches somewhat
umbellately arranged.
12. Aralia Searelliana Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 498. 1903; Chung, Mem. Sci.
Soc. China 1: 189. 1924.
A sparingly prickly tree to 5 m. high, with bipinnate leaves and large corym-
bose-paniculate inflorescence. Prickles short, conical, straight. Branches,
leaves and inflorescences densely fulvous-strigose. Leaves to 2.5 m. long; leaf-
lets coriaceous, sessile to subsessile, fulvous-strigose-tomentose above, densely so
especially along veins beneath, ovate, 12-18 cm. long, 7-9 cm. wide, the apex
acuminate, the base subcordate to cordate, the margins serrate, the lateral nerves
8-10 on each side, conspicuous beneath, the tertiary veins inconspicuous. In-
floresence to 2 m. long, densely fulvous-strigose, the rachis prickly; flowers in
umbels, these many-flowered, about 2.5 cm. across, the peduncles 5-8 cm. long,
the bracts lanceolate, to 2 cm. long, densely fulvous-strigose, the pedicels about
1 cm. long, fulvous-strigose, the bracteoles lanceolate, 1 cm. or less long, densely
fulvous-strigose. Calyx 2 mm. long, glabrous, distinctly 5-dentate. Petals 5,
triangular-ovate, 2 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5, the filaments 2.5 mm. long.
Ovary 5-celled, the styles 4 or 5, erect, free.
YuNNAN: Szemao, Henry 13426 (photo. of HoLoTyPE and merotype, AA, isotype, AA,
NY, W); Ho-kou, H. T. Tsai 52642 (AA).
This species is related to Aralia Decaisneana Hance, but may be readily dis-
tinguished by the fulvous-strigose pedicels and peduncles, and by the bracteoles
being long, lanceolate, and covered with fulvous, long, strigose hairs.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 109
13. Aralia chinensis Linn. Sp. Pl. 273. 1753; DC. Prodr. 4: 259. 1830; G. Don, Gen. Syst.
3: 389. 1834; Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 133. 1868, Revis. Heder. 90. 1868; Harms, Bot.
Jahrb. 23: 17. 1896; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 490. 1900; Harms & Rehder in
Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 566. 1916; Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1160.
1923; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189. 1924; Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 31. 1924;
W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 14: 115. 1924, 17: 88, 384. 1929-30; Rehder,
Jour. Arn. Arb. 8: 181. 1927; Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 68. 1927;
Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 703. 1933; Chien ex Pei, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China
10: 37. 1935; Lee, For. Bot. China 872. 1935.
Aralia chinensis var. canescens sensu Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 233. 1893, pro parte;
Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 431. 1911; non Koehne.
Aralia spinosa sensu Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 338. 1888, pro parte;
Courtois, Notes Bot. Chine Mus. Heude 2: 55. 1933; non Linn.
A shrub or tree 2-8 m. tall, with usually prickly stems, large 2- or 3-pinnate
leaves, and large terminal paniculate inflorescences. Leaves 40-80 cm. long,
with a pair of leaflets at each division of the rachis, unarmed or with very few
prickles ; leaflets chartaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous to slightly scabrid above,
pubescent especially along veins beneath, subsessile to short-petiolulate, ovate or
broad-ovate, 5-12 (sometimes to 19) cm. long, 3-8 cm. or more wide, the apex
acuminate, the base narrowly rounded, the margins closely serrate (teeth small,
often accumbent), the lateral nerves about 6-8 on each side, conspicuous above,
elevated and prominent beneath, the tertiary veins subconspicuous on both sur-
faces; petiolules 0-3 mm. long. Inflorescence 25-40 cm. long, pubescent, the
branches 20-35 cm. long; flowers in umbels, these many-flowered, 1—1.5 cm.
across, the peduncles 1-4 cm. long, the bracts small, membranaceous, 3-4 mm.
long, the pedicels 4-6 mm. long, pubescent. Calyx glabrous, 1.5 mm. long, 5-
dentate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5.
Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, distinct. Fruit globose, 2-3 mm. across.
Kansu: Ling-si Hsien, J. Hers 2428 (AA).
SHENSI: Lao-y-shan, J. Giraldi s. n. (AA).
SHANSI: Yuan-chu District, Shih-li-p’o-shan, H. Smith 6484 (AA).
Honan: Sunghsien, Shih Tze Miao, J. Hers 1271 (AA); Lushih, Tang Ho, J. Hers
948 (AA); Kikungshan, A. N. Steward 9773 (AA, G, W).
Horer: Eastern Tomb, C. F. Li 10058 (NY).
SHANGTUNG: Haishan Yuintaishan Ku, Shangtung Univ. 1037 (AA).
Krancsu: Haichow Hills, J. Hers 2274 (AA); I-shing, R. C. Ching 4868 (AA);
I-shing, Hai-wei Monastery, Y. L. Keng 2635 (AA).
ANHWEI: Chiu-hwa-shan, S. C. Sun 1303 (AA, NY).
CHEKIANG: No precise locality, Barchet 193 (W), Chekiang Univ. LU77369 (LU);
Sui-an Hsien, H. H. Hu 235 (AA); Chin Yen, R. C. Ching 2364 (AA, LU, W); Tsing
Tien, Y. L. Keng 54 (AA); Tien-tai-shan, C. Y. Chiao 14297 (AA); Tien-mu-shan, T.
Tang and W. Y. Hsia 156 (AA).
Krancst: Kuling, Wilson 1508 (AA), A. N. Steward 4753 (AA); Taloushan, Teng-
cheng, Y. Tsiang 10348 (NY). .
Hunan: Hsinhwa, Hsikwangschan, Handel-Maszsetti 805 = 12682 (AA).
Hurew: No precise locality, Henry 2104 (G, W), 2535 (W); Patung, Changyang
Hsien, Hsing-shan Hsien, and south of Ichang, Wilson 128 (AA, G, NY, W); western
Hupeh, Wilson 1334 (NY); Siau-ya-tsze, W. Y. Chun 3622 (AA), 2967 (W); Patung
Hsien, H. C. Chow 708 (AA, NY); Chienshih Hsien, H. C. Chow 1088 (AA, NY).
SzECHUAN and SIKANG: Kangting Hsien, Tachienlu, W. P. Fang 3698 (AA); Kuan
Hsien, FP. T. Wang 20778 (AA); Mo Hsien, F. T. Wang 21912 (AA); Lo-shan Hsien,
F. T. Wang 23530 (AA); Mt. Omei, Y. S. Liu 1483A (AA), T. C. Peng 184 (AA), K. N.
Yin 66 (AA).
YuNNAN: Shang-pa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 56580 (AA), 58861 (AA); Chiu-Kiang, west
of Champutong, C. W. Wang 67470A (AA); Upper Kiukiang Valley, Clulung, Narktai,
T. T. Yii 19603 (AA); Kiukiang Valley, Taron, Muchietu, T. T. Yii 21029 (AA).
Kweicuow: Li-kwan, Tsingchen, S. W. Teng 90634 (AA).
FuKkien: Kuliang Hills, near Foochow, J. B. Norton 1362 (W); Minchow Hsien,
Pehling, H. H. Chung 2135 (AA); Kushan, Foochow, H. H. Chung 8285 (AA).
110 SARGENTIA [2
This species is related to the American Aralia spinosa Linn. It differs from
the latter in that it is usually a smaller plant, less prickly, and with leaflets sub-
sessile or short-petiolulate instead of distinctly petiolulate.
13a. Aralia chinensis var. nuda Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 32. 1924; Rehder, Jour. Arn.
Arb. 8: 181. 1927, 9: 100. 1928, 15: 116. 1934; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 703. 1933;
Lee, For. Bot. China 872. 1935.
Aralia chinensis var. glabrescens sensu Harms & Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 567.
1911; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189. 1924; W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard.
Edinb. 14: 261. 1924; non Schneider.
Aralia chinensis a elata Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 233. 1893.
Aralia stipulata Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 304. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim. 23. 1897; Lévl. Cat.
Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189. 1924; Hand.-Maz. Symb.
Sin. 7: 704. 1933; syn. nov.
Eleutherococcus Mairei Lévl. Rep. Sp. Nov. 13: 342. 1914, Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915.
Leaflets glaucescent and glabrous beneath except the sparingly pubescent
midrib. Inflorescences puberulous, the main axis glabrescent.
Kansu: Lien Hoa Shan, J. F. Rock 13215 (AA), 13481 (AA); Upper Tebbu country,
Yiwaku Valley, J. F. Rock 14572 (AA); Lower Tebbu country, Wantsang Valley, J. F.
Rock 14673 (AA, W), 14825 (AA) ; Upper Tebbu country, Yiwaku, south of Drakana, J. F.
Rock 15085 (AA).
SHENSI: Tai-pei-shan, W. Purdom 1 (AA).
Honan: Lushih, Lao Kuin Shan, J. Hers 1151 (AA) (sterile).
Horer: No locality, Pére Chanet s.n. (AA); eastern Tomb, H. T. Tsai 50222 (AA).
Hunan: Changnung Hsien, C. S. Fan and Y. Y. Li 307 (AA).
Hupen: Southern Wu-shan, Wilson 128A (AA); Mt. Eriora, C. Silvestri s. n. (AA).
SZECHUAN: No precise locality, Wilson 3692 (AA); Kuan Hsien, Wilson 4386 (AA);
Min Valley, Mao-chou, Wilson 4560 (AA); Mt. Omei, W. P. Fang 2876 (AA); Sungpan
Hsien, W. P. Fang 4389 (AA); Tsing-chuan-fin Hsien, F. T. Wang 22362 (AA); Mt.
Omei, Ff. T. Wang 23346 (AA); Huei-li Hsien, T. T. Yii 1529 (AA).
YUNNAN: South of Red River from Manmei, Henry 9479 in part (AA, NY, W);
Mengtze, Henry 9479C (NY); no precise locality, E. E. Maire 6815 (NY), 7369 (NY);
Lou Ke Luin, Rk. P. Maire 6816 (NY); Yang-in Chan, Delavay 2924 (holotype of Aralia
stipulata Franch., photo. AA, NY, merotype, AA) ; Likiang, C. Schneider 2335 (AA), 2675
(AA); Yuling Shan, Likiang, Handel-Mazzetti 4381 (AA, W); between the Mekong and
Salween, Handel-Mazzetti 1009 (AA); Pe Yen Tsin, S. Ten 533 (AA); no data, Forrest
10814 (AA), 10934 (AA); Mekong-Salwin divide, Forrest 19789 (AA, W); Chien-chuan-
Mekong divide, Forrest 21477 (AA) ; eastern slope of Mt. Dyinaloko, Likiang Snow Range,
J. F. Rock 10408 (AA, W); Wei-si Hsien, H. T. Tsai 57886 (AA), 59765 (AA); no data,
H. T. Tsai 57355 (AA), 57450 (AA), 57665 (AA); Wei-si Hsien, Yeh-chih, C. W. Wang
68220 (AA); no data, T. T. Vii 7520 (AA), 13444 (AA); Chungtien, Haba, T. T. Vii
13493 (AA); Muli, near Lamasery, T. T. Yii 14162 (AA); northwestern Likiang, Tami-
chung, I. C. Ching 21455 (AA); Muli, Lamachang near Ngerya on the border of Chungtien,
K. M. Feng 2881 (AA).
Kwanctunc: Canton, C. O. Levine CCC1851 (G, LU).
Aralia stipulata Franch. seems to be identical with this variety and is here
treated as a synonym. This variety has, in general, smaller leaflets and longer
pedicels than the species.
13b. Aralia chinensis var. dasyphylloides Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 704. 1933, Beih.
Bot. Centralbl. 52B: 172. 1934; Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 78. 1934.
Leaflets densely yellow-strigose above, densely yellow-strigose-tomentose espe-
cially along the veins beneath. Pedicels short, 2-3 mm. long.
Kiancst: Kiennan District, Sai Hang Cheung near Tung Lei Village, S. K. Lau 4224
(AA, W), 4363 (AA, W).
Hunan: Hsinhwa, Hsikwangschan, Handel-Maszszetti 806 = 12662 (AA, LU).
Kwancst: Kwei-lin District, Che-fen-shan, Hsichang Village, W. T. Tsang 28388 (AA).
KwanctunG: Lochang, Y. Tsiang 1216 (AA).
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA ith a
14. Aralia echinocaulis Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 704. t. 11, f. 8. 1933; Chun, Sunyat-
senia 4: 247. 1940.
A small tree about 3 m. tall, with densely armed branches, large bipinnate
leaves, and a long terminal panicle. Prickles slender, straight, 7-14 mm. long.
Leaves 35-50 cm. or more long, glabrous, the pinnae 5—7-foliolate ; leaflets mem-
branaceous to subchartaceous, glabrous and dark green above, pale and glaucous
beneath, sessile or short-petiolate, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 4-11.5 cm. long,
2.5—5 cm. wide, the apex long-acuminate, the base rounded to cuneate, the lateral
ones oblique, the margins finely and remotely mucronulate to serrulate, the lateral
nerves about 6-9 on each side, prominent on both surfaces, the tertiary veins
slightly impressed above, subconspicuous beneath. Inflorescence subsessile, 30-
50 cm. long, brownish, furfuraceous-hirsute, the axis soon glabrescent; flowers
in umbels, these 12—20-flowered, the peduncles 2-5 cm. long, the bracts ovate-
lanceolate, to 10 mm. long, the pedicels 15-30 mm. long, the bracteoles lanceolate,
to 4 mm. long. Calyx glabrous, 5-dentate, the lobes triangular-ovate. Petals
ovate-oblong, 2 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments 4 mm. long. Ovary 5-
celled, the styles 5, distinct. Fruit globose, 5-angular, 2-3 mm. in diameter, the
styles 1-1.5 mm. long, reflexed.
CHEKIANG: No precise locality, Chekiang Univ. LU77370 (LU); Chang Hua, F. N.
Meyer 1569 (AA, NY); Wenchow, R. C. Ching 1871 (AA, W); Tien-moo-shan, R. C.
Ching 5045 (AA); Tsing-yun District, Y. L. Keng 451 (AA).
ANHWE!I: Southern Chiu-hwa Shan, R. C. Ching 2840 (AA, LU).
Krancsi: Pinghsian, Wang-Te-Hui 228 (isoparatype, AA); Kouling, Tsoongjen, Y.
Tsiang 10131 (NY).
Hunan: Wukang, Mt. Yun-schan, Handel-Maszsetti 691 = 12254 (isotype, AA, LU).
Kwancsr: Yeo-mar Shan, north of Hin Yen, R. C. Ching 7119 (NY); Ling-chuan Dis-
trict, Ta-ling, Yang-wu Village, W. T. Tsang 27936 (AA); Tsu Yuen District, Z. S. Chung
83536 (AA). ;
KwanctunG: Kon-ken, Yao-shang, S. S. Sin 9569 (LU, NY).
This species is similar to Aralia chinensis var. nuda Nakai in appearance. It
may be distinguished by its thinner leaflets, densely armed branches, slender and
long prickles, and longer pedicels and filaments. Ching 7119, cited above, is
very fragmentary.
15. Aralia Decaisneana Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 5: 215. 1866; Seem. Jour. Bot. 6:
133. 1868, Revis. Heder. 90. 1868; Nakai, Jour. Arn. Arb. 5: 32. 1924; Merr. & Chun,
Sunyatsenia 5: 152. 1940.
Aralia Planchoniana Hance, Jour. Bot. 4: 172. 1866; Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 133. 1868, Revis.
Heder. 90. 1868; syn. nov.
Aralia spinosa sensu Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 338. 1888, pro parte; Dunn
& Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 118. 1912; non Linn.
Aralia chinensis sensu Benth. Fl. Hongk. 135. 1861; Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 23: 17. 1896;
Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 5: 140. 1928; non Linn.
A sparingly prickly and fulvous-tomentose shrub to 3 m. high, with large bipin-
nate leaves and large terminal panicles. Branches, petioles, and inflorescences
densely fulvous-tomentose. Prickles slender, short, straight. Leaves with a
pair of leaflets at each division of the rachis, the pinnae 7—11-foliolate; leaflets
coriaceous, fulvous-tomentose above, densely fulvous-tomentose beneath espe-
cially along the veins, subsessile to short-petiolulate, ovate to oblong-ovate, 8-15
cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base rounded to subcordate, the
margins serrulate, the lateral nerves 6-8 on each side, subconspicuous above,
prominent beneath, the tertiary veins obscure; petiolules 0-5 mm. long, the ter-
minal one to 5 cm. long. Inflorescence villose-tomentose, the branches to 50
cm. long; flowers in umbels, these 30-50-flowered, 2.5 cm. across, the peduncles
3-4 cm. long, the bracts 1 cm. long, the pedicels about 1 cm. long, tomentose,
the bracteoles 3 mm. long, persistent. Calyx glabrous, 2 mm. long, distinctly
112 SARGENTIA [2
5-dentate. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 2 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5, the
filaments 2.5 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, united at base, distinct
above. Fruits globose, 4 mm. across, 5-angled.
Krancst: Lungnan District, Oo Chi Shan, near Lam Uk Village, S. K. Lau 4756 (AA,
W).
YUNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 9479 in part (NY, W); Szemao, Henry 9479A (NY),
9479B (AA, W).
KwericHow: Tushan, Y. Tstang 6884 (NY) (sterile).
Kwancsit: Wuchow, Tang Sut Pan 6 = LU19126 (LU, NY); Me-Kon, Seh-feng-dar-
shan, south of Nanning, R. C. Ching 8459 (LU, NY); Waitsap District, Tou Ngaok Shan,
near Tung Chung Village, W. 7. Tsang 23298 (AA); Wuchow, C. C. Wang 257 (LU), 303
(LU); Shang-sze District, Shap Man Taai Shan, Nam She Village, W. T. Tsang 24727
(AA, NY).
KwanctunG: Macao, H. F. Hance 12693 (isotype of Aralia Planchoniana Hance, G) ;
Honam Island, C. O. Levine CCC418 (LU); Canton, Levine CCC1702 (G, LU, W),
CCC1853 (G, LU, W); Ying Tak, Wan Tong Shan, Tai Tsan LU14780 (LU); Fan Hsia
Shan, W. VY. Chun 5548 (AA); Hongkong, N. K. Chun 40221 (NY, W); Lofoushan, H. T.
Ho 60146 (NY); Wung-young District, S. K. Lau 756 (AA, NY).
Hainan: Pat Ka Liang, Nodoa, F. A. McClure 1350 = CCC8044 (AA, LU, NY);
Fan Yah, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44007 (AA, NY, W); no precise locality, C. Wang
33919 (AA, NY), 34583 (NY); no precise locality, H. Y. Liang 63389 (AA, NY, W),
64627 (NY); Kan-en District, Chim Fung Mt. near Sha Mo Kwat Village, S. K. Lau 4994
(AA); Manning, PF. C. How 73958 (AA).
Fuxkien: Amoy, Nanputo, 7. H. Chung 4824 (AA); Amoy, Nanputo near the Amoy
District Court House, H. H. Chung 4528 (AA, LU); Nanputo, H. H. Chung 5900 (AA, LU).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION : Formosa.
This species is related to Aralia dasyphylla Miq., from which it may be dis-
tinguished by its pedicellate flowers and fruits. It also simulates A. chinensis
var. dasyphylloides Hand.-Maz. in appearance, but the longer peduncles, larger
umbels, and longer pedicels differentiate it from the latter. Many of the speci-
mens cited above have been referred in herbaria to either A. dasyphylla or A.
chinensis Linn. Aralia Planchoniana Hance is a smaller-leaved form of Aralia
Decaisneana.
16. Aralia Thomsonii Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 134. 1868, Revis. Heder. 91. 1868; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 723. 1879; Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 419.
1911; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 189. 1924; W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard.
Edinb. 17: 343. 1930.
A large armed shrub, all parts soft-fulvous-villose, with large 2- or 3-pinnate
leaves and large paniculate inflorescence. Prickles short, strong. Leaves with
a pair of leaflets at each division of the rachis, the ultimate pinnules 5—9-foliolate ;
leaflets chartaceous to subcoriaceous, soft-fulvous-villose especially along the
veins on both surfaces, subsessile to short-petiolulate, elliptic, 7-15 cm. long, 3-7
cm. wide, the apex long-acuminate, the base rounded to subcordate, the margins
sparingly (often very obscurely) serrate, the lateral nerves about 8-10 on each
side, subconspicuous above, prominent beneath, the tertiary veins obscure above,
subconspicuous beneath ; petiolules 0-3 mm. long. Inflorescence to 50 cm. long,
soft-fulvous-villose ; flowers in umbels, these 15—-20-flowered, the peduncles 1-5
cm. long, the bracts narrowly lanceolate, 6 mm. long, the pedicels 0.8—1 cm. long,
villose, the bracteoles 4-5 mm. long, persistent. Calyx glabrous, 1.5 mm. long,
5-dentate. Petals 5, 1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the
styles 5, distinct. Fruits globose, 3.5 mm. across, 5-angled.
YuNNAN: No precise locality, Forrest 18503 (AA); between Muang Hun and Muang
Hai, J. F. Rock 2417 (AA); Fo-hai, C. W. Wang 74261 (AA), 74622 (AA), 74892 (AA),
77283 (AA); Che-li Hsien, Sheau-meng-yeang, C. W. Wang 75510 (AA), 75696 (AA);
Che-li Hsien, Meng-soong, Dah-meng-lung, C. W. Wang 78394 (AA); Shunning, Tehseling,
T. T. Yii 17622 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION : India.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 113
This species resembles Aralia chinensis Linn., differing in its long-pedicellate
flowers. It is very near to A. Decaisneana Hance, from which it may be distin-
guished by its fewer-flowered umbels.
17. Aralia caesia Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 702. 1933.
Aralia staphyleina Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 703. t. 11, f. 6. 1933, syn. nov.
A shrub or tree, glabrous, unarmed, with usually 1-pinnate leaves and ter-
minal subsessile panicles. Leaves 5—7/-foliolate, 10-16 cm. long including peti-
oles; petioles 2.5—7 cm. long; leaflets subcoriaceous, dark green above, glaucous
beneath, the lower leaflets short-petiolulate, often compound and 3-foliolate, the
upper sessile, the terminal sessile to petiolulate, generally ovate to orbicular,
2.5-6 cm long, 2-5 cm. wide, the apex shortly cuspidate to acuminate, the base
rounded to truncate, the margins minutely denticulate, the lateral nerves 4-6 on
each side, prominent on both surfaces, the tertiary veins conspicuous on both
surfaces; petiolules 0-1 cm. long, the terminal 0-3 cm. long. Inflorescence to
30 cm. long, lax, glabrous, the branches to 15 cm. long; flowers in umbels, these
7—-25-flowered, the peduncles 1.5-4 cm. long, the bracts lanceolate, scariose, about
5 mm. long, the pedicels 4 mm. long, elongating to 15 mm. in fruit, the bracteoles
minute. Calyx glabrous, 2 mm. long, 5-dentate, the lobes ovate. Petals ovate-
oblong, 2.5 mm. long, reflexed. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, dis-
tinct, erect. Fruit globose, about 4-6 mm. across, 5-angled.
YUNNAN: No precise locality, Henry 10622 (AA), 11244 (AA); Chungtien, Handel-
Maszetti 4410 (1sotypE, AA); Sikang, Shinagcheng, Tungsung, 7. T. Yu 13406 (AA) ;
northern flank of Haba Snow Range, K. M. Feng 1326 (AA).
This species is near Aralia Wilsonit Harms, being unarmed, but is readily dis-
tinguished by its usually once pinnate leaves. Among the different species of
Aralia, this most nearly approaches Pentapanax, particularly P. yunnanensis
Franch., the two species serving as links between the two closely related genera.
In Aralia staphyleina Hand.-Maz., as described, I fail to find any constant char-
acters by which it may be differentiated from A. caesia, and hence I placed the
former as a synonym.
18. Aralia Wilsonii Harms in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 567. 1916; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 189. 1924.
Aralia yunnanensis sensu Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 703. 1933; non Franch.
An unarmed shrub 2-3 m. tall, with subglabrous to minutely puberulous
branches, bipinnate leaves, and long terminal sessile panicles. Leaves long-
petiolate, 20-40 cm. long including petiole, often with a pair of leaflets at each
division of the rachis; leaflets chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous, or scattered-
strigose or tomentose on either or both surfaces, dark green above, glaucous
beneath, sessile to subsessile or short-petiolulate, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
2-5 cm. long, 1.5—-2.5 cm. wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base obtuse to
rounded, rarely slightly cuneate, the lateral ones usually oblique, the margins
sharply and slightly irregularly serrulate to double-serrate, the lateral nerves
about 6 on each side, conspicuous on both surfaces, the tertiary veins elevated
and distinct on both surfaces; petiolules O-4 mm. long, the terminal one to 1.5
cm. long. Inflorescence-branches glabrous to subglabrous, racemosely or sub-
umbellately arranged ; flowers in umbels, these many-flowered, long-pedunculate ;
peduncles slender, 3-6 cm. long, the pedicels 12-18 mm. long, glabrous to sub-
glabrous. Calyx glabrous, 2-3 mm. long, 5-dentate, the lobes ovate, obtuse.
Petals 5, triangular-ovate, 2 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled,
the styles 5, distinct, recurved. Fruit subglobose, distinctly 5-angled, 5 mm. in
diameter.
SZECHUAN: Without precise locality, Wilson 3717 (isoparatype, AA) ; Ching-chi Hsien,
Fei-Yeun-ling, Wilson 1964 (1sotype, AA, W) ; affluentem fluminis Yalung versus Yenyuen,
114 SARGENTIA [2
Handel-Mazzetti 2066 (AA) ; inter Pechicho et Kalapa, C. Schneider 1220 (AA); Yen-yuan
Hsien, Kalapa, C. Schnetder 1221 (AA); Taitiaoko, C. Schneider 3891 (AA); mountains
between the Likiang and Shou-chu Rivers, between Wa-erh-dje and Garu, J. Ff. Rock 16900
(AA); Muli, between Baurong and Kulu, west of Yalung River, J. F. Rock 17820 (AA,
NY, W).
ee Between Likiang, Youngning and Youngpei, en route to Muli, J. F. Rock
5083 (AA); Yangtze watershed, District of Likiang, eastern slopes of the Likiang Snow
Range, J. Ff. Rock 3953 (AA); western slope of Likiang Snow Range, Yangtze watershed,
J. F. Rock 8544 (AA); no data, H. T. Tsai 57283 (AA), 57357 (AA); Muli, between
Ngerya to Zukou, K. M. Feng 2916 (AA).
This species is variable in the size and in the indumentum of its leaflets as well
as the length and number of pedicels. However, the specimens cited above in
general agree well with each other in most characters and should be treated as
one species. Franchet described Aralia yunnanensis on the basis of two speci-
mens. The first one, Delavay 4027, which should be designated as the type, is
an herbaceous plant and is placed as a variety of Aralia Fargesii Franch. The
second specimen, Delavay 4581 in the herbarium of Paris Museum, labeled as
Aralia yunnanensis Franch. var. reticulata Franch. (photo. and merotype in
AA), I consider to be identical with the smaller-leaved forms cited above under
Aralia Wilsonu. Other specimens of the form include Rock 16900, 17820, and
Feng 2916, which are only slightly different from the others in the leaflets being
more tomentose beneath, while most specimens are glabrous or nearly so.
19. Aralia plumosa sp. nov. Fig. 14.
Frutex inermis glaber. Foliis validis, totis 15-20 cm. longis, pluries 3-pin-
natis, petiolo communi ad apicem dichotomisque foliolis 2 majoribus instructis,
illis petioli communis interdum decomposite 3—5-foliolatis, reliquis omnibus sim-
plicibus ; foliolis propriis coriaceis, supra scabridis, subtus plus minusve dense
tomentosis, sessilibus vel breviter petiolulatis, petiolulis saepe ad basim barbatis,
ovatis vel ovato-oblongis, 1.5-4 cm. longis, 1-2 cm. latis, apice acuminatis, basi
rotundatis vel subcordatis, margine acute atque irregulariter serratis vel duplicato-
serratis, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 4 vel 5, utrinque conspicuis, venis tertiariis
conspicuis; petiolulis O-5 mm. longis. Inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis
subsessilibus magnis, ad 30 cm. longis, glabris, ramulis racemose vel subumbel-
latim dispositis, floribus umbellatis, umbellis multifloris ad 3 cm. crassis, pedun-
culis 2-9 cm. vel ultra longis, pedicellis 1-1.5 cm. longis. Calyce glabro 2 mm.
longo 5-dentato. Petalis 5 oblongo-ovatis, 3 mm. longis, glabris, reflexis. Sta-
minibus 5, filamentis 2 mm. longis. Ovario 5-loculari, stylis 5 erectis ad basim
connatis. Fructu globoso 4 mm. diametro pentagono.
YUNNAN: No data, T. T. Yii 6320 (AA), 1937, 7337 (TypE, AA), 1938.
This species is near Aralia Wilsonii Harms. ‘The leaflets are scabrid on the
upper surface and more or less densely tomentose beneath. In the compound
leaves the lowest pairs of pinnae are usually subtended by an extra pair of
smaller pinnae, the latter mostly 3—5-foliolate, but often one of each pair reduced
to a simple leaflet.
20. Aralia dasyphylla Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1(1): 751. 1855, Bonplandia 4: 138. 1856, Ann.
Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 9. 1863; Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 136. 1868, Revis. Heder. 92.
1868; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 337. 1888; Harms, Bot. Jahrb.
23: 19. 1896; Dunn & Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 118. 1912.
A sparingly prickly shrub, with bipinnate leaves and large corymbose panicles,
the flowers sessile and capitate at ends of peduncles. Prickles straight, short,
conical, slender, to 5 mm. long. Young parts densely brown-pubescent. Leaves
to 70 cm. long, the petioles, rachis, and partial rachises sparingly prickly or
unarmed, densely brown-pubescent, the pinnae 7—9-foliolate; leaflets subcori-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 115
Fig. 14. Aralia plumosa; 1, leaf, X %; 2. portion of infructescence, X 144; 3. flower,
x5; 4. fruit, X 4; 5. diagrammatic cross-section of fruit, X 4.
aceous, subsessile to short-petiolulate, densely brown-pubescent on both surfaces,
ovate to oblong-ovate, 5.5-11 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the
base rounded to subcordate, the lateral ones slightly oblique, the margins mucro-
nate-serrulate, the lateral nerves 7-10 on each side, subconspicuous above, promi-
nent beneath, the tertiary veins inconspicuous; petiolules 0-5 mm. long, the ter-
minal one to 4 cm. long, densely brown-pubescent. Inflorescence densely brown-
pubescent, the lateral branches 20 cm. long, the flowers sessile, several together
at ends of peduncles, capitate ; peduncles long or short, 0.5-1.5 cm. long, densely
pubescent, the bracteoles oblong, persistent. Calyx 2 mm. long, glabrous, the
margin distinctly 5-dentate. Petals 5, 1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Stamens 5.
Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, connate at base, distinct above. Fruit globose, 3.5
mm. across, 5-angled.
Kweicuow: Tai Ho Yen, Fan Ching Shan, Steward, Chiao, & Cheo 829 (AA, NY, W).
Kwanctunc: Ying Tak, Paak Tuen Shek, Taai Tsin, W. T. Tsang & K. C. Wong
2320 = LU14181 (LU); Yang-chi, Yao Shan, S. S. Sin 11517 (LU, NY); Tapu District,
Tung Koo Shan, W. T. Tsang 21777 (NY); Loh-chang District, Chong Yen Shan near Kan
Fung, Tin Tong Kin, W. T. Tsang 20811 (NY, AA); Wung Yuen District, Tsing Wan
Shan, Wong Chuk I, S. K. Lau 2323 (G).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Malay Archipelago.
This species is characterized by its sessile capitate flowers.
116 SARGENTIA [2
Excluded Species
Aralia Labordei Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 144. 1914 = Toddalia asiatica (L.)
Lam. of the Rutaceae (See Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 14: 226, 1933).
XVII. Panax Linnaeus
Panax Linn. Syst. ed. 1. 1735, Gen. Pl. ed. 2. 105. 1742, ed. 5. 481. 1754, pro parte.
Glabrous herbs, the digitately compound leaves spreading from summit of
stem, the inflorescences terminal, erect. Rootstock fleshy. Flowers hermaphro-
dite or polygamo-dioecious, in terminal usually solitary umbels, the pedicels ar-
ticulated under flower. Calyx-margin obscurely 5-dentate. Petals 5, very nar-
rowly imbricate and often cohering. Stamens 5, the filaments short, the anthers
ovate to oblong. Ovary 2-, sometimes 3-celled. Disk fleshy, annular. Styles
2 or 3, distinct or united at base. Fruit ovoid or laterally compressed, 2- or
3-seeded.
About 5 species in North America and eastern and central Asia.
Type species: Panax quinquefolius Linn.
Linnaeus refers three species to the genus Panax, P. trifoliatus, P. quinque-
folius, and P. fruticosus. The first one is an Acanthopanax and the last one is
the type of the genus Nothopanax. Seemann was the first to restrict the genus
Panax to that type characterized by Panax quinquefolius Linn. and he has been
followed by Harms and the later workers.
1. Panax schin-seng Nees, Ic. Med. Suppl. 1: ¢. 70. 1833, excl. var. 2 & 3; Nakai, Jour.
Arn. Arb. 5: 35, 1924,
Panax ginseng Meyer, Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. St. Pétersb. 1: 340. 1843; Walp. Rep. 5:
924. 1846; Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 320. 1864, 6: 54. 1868, Revis. Heder. 99. 1868; Harms
in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 59. 1894; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb.
29: 490. 1900; Yabe, Enum. Pl. Manch. 98. 1912.
Aralia quinquefolia var. ginseng Regel et Maack ex Regel, Gartenfl. 11: 314. t. 375, 1862;
Guide to Kew Museum 1: 87. 1886; Burkill, Kew Bull. 1902: 6. 1902.
Aralia ginseng Baill. Hist. Pl. 7: 152. 1880.
Aralia quinquefolia sensu Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 338. 1888, non A.
Gray.
This species is found in Manchuria. I have seen only a photograph of a speci-
men in the Kew Herbarium (Manchuria: Kirin, ’. Komarov 1153, photo. in
NY), no actual specimen being available for study. The distinctions between
Panax schin-seng Nees and P. pseudo-ginseng Wall. are not very clear, the rela-
tionships between the two species needing further study on the basis of ample
collections. For the time being, I refer all central, western, and southern Chi-
nese plants to the Indian species, P. pseudo-ginseng Wall., and its varieties.
Panax schin-seng Nees was illustrated by a colored plate. It includes three
varieties, of which two really belong to two distinct species. Following Nakai,
the name is used here with the understanding that the first variety is accepted as
the type.
Meyer’s descriptions of the Asiatic species of Panax, as well as reference to
Nees’ illustrations, are given below.
“Panax Ginseng m.
P. radice simplici palmata; squama ad basin caulis carnosa persistente; foliolis 5 ellipticis
sensim acuminatis subaequaliter serratis, serraturis parvis hinc serratura minuta notatis.
Ginseng Jartoux in Lettres édifiant. ed. 1732 vol. 10 p. 159 c. ic. rudi sed haud mala; Du
Halde Descr. regn. Chin. ed. germ. II. p. 178 ¢. ic. (copia figur. supra cit.).—Pan. quinque-
folium B. coreense Siebold in Verhandl. d. batav. Genootsch. Vol. 12.—P. Schinseng 1 var.
coraiensis Nees ab Esenb. Ic. pl. medicinal. Suppl. I. tab. 16 fig. A (ic. quoad folia haud
omnino bona).
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 117
Gin-seng, Gen-seng, Gin-sen, Gin-sem, Gin-zing, Jin-chen, Jan-sam, Jan-som, Zin-gin,
Schin-schen, Schin-scheng, Schin-sen, Som, Sin-som (chin.).
Nisi, Nisji, Ninzi, Ninzini, Nindsin, Nindzin, Ninsing, Dsindson, Sjusjin (japon.).
Orkoda, Orhota, Orochota (mantsch.).
Soasai (tatar.).
Kitipin Kumuntin (mongol., ap. Kamens.).
Hab. in imperii chinensis provincia Mantschiria dicta, nec non in Corea.
Panax Pseudo-Ginseng Wall.
P. radice fasciculata, fibris fusiformibus, rhizomate subrepente; squama ad basin caulis
membranacea decidua; foliolis 5 oblongis v. lanceolato-oblongis caudato-acuminatis profunde
biserratis, serraturis circumcirca setoso-serrulatis.
P. Pseudo-Ginseng Wallich. plant. asiat. rar. Vol. II, p. 30 tab. 137; Pharmaceut. Centralbl.
1832 No. 23 p. 353 tab. III (copia ic. Wall.).—P. Schin-seng 3 var. nepalensis Nees ab
Esenb. |. c. fig. C. (fig. repet. Wall.).
Panax japonicus m.
P. rhizomate repente, fibris lateralibus fusiformibus; squama decidua ad basin caulis;
foliolis 5 oblongis acuminatis profunde serratis.
P. quinquefolium A japonicum Siebold 1. c.;—P. Schinseng var. 2 japonica Nees ab
Esenb. |. c. fig. B.
Plantam non vidi, sed ex icone speciem omnino distinctam esse credo.
Hab. in Japonia.”
2. Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calcutta 4: 117. 1829, Pl. Asiat.
Rar. 2: 30. t. 137. 1831; Meyer, Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. St. Pétersb. 1: 340. 1843;
Walp. Rep. 5: 924. 1846; Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 54. 1868, Revis. Heder. 99. 1868; Harms
in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 60. 1894; Hu, Wang & Hsia, Bull. Fan.
Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 8: 352. 1938.
Aralia pseudo-ginseng Benth. ex C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 721. 1897.
Aralia quinquefolia var. pseudo-ginseng Burkill, Kew Bull. 1902: 7. 1902.
Aralia quinquefolia var. notoginseng Burkill, |. c. syn. nov.
Aralia quinquefolia var. elantior Burkill, op. cit. 8, syn. nov.
Panax schin-seng sensu Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 3: 68. 1927; W. W. Smith,
Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 318. 1930; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 706. 1933; non
Nees.
An herb up to 0.5 m. or more high, the rootstock horizontal, fusiform, the stem
straight, slender, smooth, the scales at base often fleshy and often deciduous.
Leaves 3 or 4 at tip of stem, palmately 5-, rarely 3-foliolate, long-petiolate ; peti-
oles slender, glabrous, to 7 cm. long; leaflets sessile to petiolulate, membrana-
ceous, more or less translucent, with abundant or scattered setae along the veins
above, sometimes almost glabrous, elliptic-obovate to obovate-lanceolate, 5-15
cm. long, 1-5 cm. wide, the basal ones often smaller and ovate, the apex long-
acuminate, the base acute to rounded, the margins inconspicuously serrate to
double-serrate, the teeth acute, the lateral nerves about 5-9 on each side, slightly
raised on both surfaces, the tertiary veins inconspicuous to subconspicuous ; petio-
lules O-4.5 cm. long. Inflorescence a terminal, generally solitary umbel, the
peduncles slender, straight, up to 20-30 cm. long, the umbels many-flowered ;
flowers polygamo-monoecious, the pedicels 10-12 mm. long. Calyx glabrous,
the margin obscurely 5-dentate. Petals 5, oblong, acute, about 2 mm. long,
glabrous. Stamens 5, the filaments 2 mm. long. Ovary 2-celled, the disk flat-
tened or concave, the styles 2, slightly curved. Fruit globose, red, slightly flat-
tened laterally, 6-7 mm. across, 2-seeded, the seeds globose, white, the styles 2,
distinct or united halfway below, divergent and reflexed at tip.
Kansu: Gargaunar, south of Old Taichow, R. C. Ching 899 (W).
CHEKIANG: Tien Tai Shan, Huating, C. Y. Chiao UN14466 (W).
Krancst: Lu Shan, Kuling, 4. N. Steward UN4695 (LU, W).
Hupeuw: No precise locality, Henry 5396 (G), 5396B (G), 5396F (G), 5396H (W),
6835 (G, W).
118 SARGENTIA [2
SzECHUAN: No precise locality, Henry 5396A (G), Wilson 1080 (W), 1978 (W),
1979 (W).
SIKANG: Chi-na-tung, Tsa-wa-rung, C. W. Wang 65255 (AA), 65334 (AA); La-jau,
Tsa-wa-rung, C. W. Wang 65832 (AA).
YUNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 11407 (isosyntype of Aralia quinquefolia var, notoginseng
Burkill, NY, W) ; Szemao, Henry 11407B (NY, W), 12259A (W), 12259B (NY) ; Lichiang,
C. Schneider 3011 (G, W), 3617 (G); Yangtze watershed, District of Likiang, eastern slopes
of Likiang Snow Range, J. F. Rock 5752 (W); eastern flank of Lichiang Range, Forrest
22589 (W) ; Che-tse-lo, H. T. Tsai 58337 (AA); Shang-pa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54231 (AA),
50563 (AA); Wei-se Hsien, H. T. Tsai 59743 (AA), C. W. Wang 63826 (AA), 63975
(AA); Huann-fu-ping, A-tun-tze, C. W. Wang 69159 (AA); A-tun-tze, C. W. Wang
69879 (AA), 69904 (AA); Li-kiang Hsien, C. W. Wang 70729 (AA); Fo-hai, C. W. Wang
77251 (AA); no data, T. T. Vii 7461 (AA), 8573 (AA), 12413 (AA); Chungtien, Tung-
wahlung, Mt. Longchia, T. T. Vii 13453 (AA); Kengma, Chiuchayko, T. T. Yii 17278
(AA); Salwin-Kiukiang Newachlung, T. T. Yii 19290 (AA); Upper Kiukiang Valley,
Clulung, Chuherton, T. 7. Yii 19683 (AA); Mekong-Salwin Divide, Sila, T. T. Vii 22448
(AA) ; northern flank of the Haba Snow Range, K. M. Feng 2361 (AA); Litiping, between
Likiang and Weihsi, R. C. Ching 20826 (AA); Ganhai-tze, southwest of Likiang Snow
Range, R. C. Ching 21205 (AA); Likiang Snow Range, R. C. Ching 30694 (AA).
Kwancst: Shuen-yuen, Z. S. Chung 81684 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Northern India to Indo-China.
This species is variable in the shape of its leaflets and in the length of its petio-
lules. The upper surface of the leaflets may be glabrous or sparsely or abun-
dantly setose along the veins. Burkill distinguishes his var. notoginseng of
China from var. pseudo-ginseng of India in that the former has less abundant
setae and slightly larger leaflets. He cites Henry 11407 as representing the
former and Wallich 3730 (in G) the latter, but the actual specimens do not
reveal striking differences. Henry 11407 has fairly abundant setae, in fact more
abundant than most of the Chinese specimens secured by subsequent collectors.
In both the Indian and Chinese plants, the setae may vary from great abundance
to complete absence, while the leaflets are variable in their size and shape and
in the length of their petiolules. Thus it seems not desirable to consider the
Chinese plants to be distinct from those of India. Burkill described his var.
elantior from Hupeh, based on Henry’s specimens, without mentioning the
number. According to his description, this variety falls within the limits of
Panax pseudo-ginseng Wall. as I here interpret it.
2a. Panax pseudo-ginseng var. angustifolius (Burkill) comb. nov.
Aralia quinquefolia var. angustifolia Burkill, Kew Bull. 1902: 7. 1902.
Aralia pseudo-ginseng var. angustifolia Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 794. 1931.
Leaflets distinctly petiolulate, lanceolate, about 12 cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, the
apex long-acuminate, the base rounded to acute or subcordate, the margins
minutely serrate, coarsely setose above.
SzECHUAN: No precise locality, E. Faber 141 (NY).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India to Siam.
2b. Panax pseudo-ginseng var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) comb. noy.
Panax bipinnatifidus Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 54. 1868, Revis. Heder. 100. 1868; Harms in
Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 60. 1894; Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb.
14: 251. 1924; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 706. 1933.
Aralia bipinnatifida C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 722. 1879.
Leaflets bipinnatifid, the lobes serrate.
Hureuw: No precise locality, Henry 6834 (G, NY, W).
SzECHUAN: Muli, Forrest 21362 (W); Sungpan Hsien, W. P. Fang 4385 (G, NY, W).
YuNNAN: Pin-chuan Hsien, 7. T. Tsai 53649. (AA); Mekong-Salwin divide, Longjrela,
T. T. Yii 23247 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Northern India.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 119
Vii 23247 has the leaflets shallowly cleft. Fang 4385 has leaflets that vary
from non-cleft ones to those with few clefts and others which are completely
bipinnatifid. They apparently represent intermediate forms between the species
and the variety. In this variety, the leaflets also vary from sessile to petiolulate.
2c. Panax pseudo-ginseng var. major (Burkill) comb. nov.
Aralia quinquefolia var. major Burkill, Kew Bull. 1902: 7. 1902.
Leaflets elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 12-15 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide, sometimes much
larger, the base rounded to obtuse, the margins regularly serrate, with few
setae along the veins.
Huren: No precise locality, Henry 5396C (isosyntype of Aralia quinquefolia var. major
Burkill, W), 5396G (isosyntype of Aralia quinquefolia var. major Burkill, AA, G, W),
Henry 7728 (isosyntype of Aralia quinquefolia var. major Burkill, G, W), Henry 7121
(NY); south of Wushan, Wilson 1208 (NY, W).
Yunnan: Muli, Ngerya, on the border of Chungtien, K. M. Feng 2792 (AA).
Excluded Species
Panax fallax Miq. Jour. Bot. Néerl. 1: 118. 1861.
Forbes and Hemsley (Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 339, 1888) mention this as
“an obscure imperfectly described plant, perhaps not of this natural order.”
Merrill (Sunyatsenia 1: 26. t. 8. 1930), on the basis of an examination of the
actual type, identifies it as Peucedanum decursivum (Miq.) Maxim., an umbel-
liferous plant, his paper being illustrated by a photographic reproduction of
Miquel’s type.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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947. 1867).
4. Candolle, A. P. de. Araliaceae in de Candolle, Prodromus systematis naturalis regni
vegetabilis, 4: 251-266. 1830.
5. Champion, J. G. Florula Hongkongensis. Hook. Jour. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4:
116-123. 1852.
6. Chung, H. H. A catalogue of the trees and shrubs of China. Mem. Sci. Soc. China
1: 1924 (Araliaceae pp. 185-189).
7. Clarke, C. B. Araliaceae in J. D. Hooker, Flora of British India 2: 720-740. 1879.
8. Decaisne, J. and J. E. Planchon. Esquisse d’une monographie des Araliacées. Rev.
Hort. IV. 3: 104-109. 1854.
9. Don, D. Prodromus florae Nepalensis 1825 (Araliaceae pp. 186-188).
10. Dunn, S. T. A supplementary list of Chinese flowering plants, 1904-1910. Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 39: 411-506. 1911.
11. Dunn, S. T. and W. J. Tutcher. Flora of Kwangtung and Hongkong. Kew Bull.
Misc. Inf. Add. Ser. 10: 1-370. 1912 (Araliaceae pp. 118-120).
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13. Forbes, F. B. and W. B. Hemsley. An enumeration of all the plants known from
China proper, Formosa, Hainan, Corea, the Luchu Archipelago, and the Islands
of Hongkong, together with their distribution and synonymy (Index Flora
Sinensis). Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 1-521. 1886-1888; 26: 1-592. 1889-1902; 36:
i-xi, 1-686. 1903-1905 (Araliaceae 23: 337-343. 1888).
14. Franchet, M. A. Araliaceae, Cornaceae et Caprifoliaceae novae e flora sinensi. Jour.
de Bot. 10: 301-308. 1896.
15. Hance, H. F. Stirpium novarum tetras. Jour. Bot. 4: 171-173. 1866.
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1933).
17. Harms, H. Araliaceae in Engler and Prantl, Die Natirlichen Pflanzenfamilien.
3(8): 1-62. 1894.
18. —— Zur Kenntnis der Gattungen Aralia und Panax. Bot. Jahrb. 23: 1-23. 1896.
Whe
120 SARGENTIA |2
19. —— Araliaceae in Diels, Flora von Central China. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 486-490. 1900.
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22. Jussieu, A. L. Araliacées in Dict. Sci. Nat. 2: 348-349. 1816.
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LIST OF CITED SPECIMENS
In the following list, genera are indicated by these abbreviations: Ac. = Acanthopanax ;
Ar, = Aralia; B.= Brassaiopsis; De. = Dendropanax; Di.= Diplopanax; Hed. = Hedera;
Het.= Heteropanax; K.= Kalopanax; Ma. = Macropanax; Me.=Merrilliopanax; N.=
Nothopanax; Pa. = Panax; Pe. = Pentapanax; S.=Schefflera; Te. = Tetrapanax; Tr. =
Trevesia; Tu. = Tupidanthus.
At.ison, A. 181. Ac. gracilistylus.
ARNOLD ARBORETUM, cult. 588 = 7029. Ac. sessiliflorus var. parviceps.
Barcuet, S. P. 193. Ar. chinensis; 194. K. pictus; 197. Ac. Henryi; 198. Hed. nepalensis
var. sinensis.
Bartey, L. H. s. n. Ac. evodiaefolius; K. pictus var. magnificus.
Bock, C. & A. RostHorn. 2573. Ac. setchuenensis.
Bopinter, E. 2459 (Laborde, J.). S. Bodinieri; 2696 (Martin, L.) B. ciliata.
Canton CuristiAN Cotiece. See Lingnan University.
Cavaterig, J. 871. N. Delavayi; 1576. S. Bodinieri; 2144. T. palmata; 2566. B. tripteris;
2658. S. venulosa.,
CHANET. s. n. Ar. chinensis var. nuda.
Cuampion, J. G. s. n. De. proteus; 390. De. parviflorus.
CuHancG, Kwer Suanc. See Lingnan University.
CHEKIANG University (Lingnan University Accession numbers). s. n. De. Chevalieri;
LU77287. Ac. evodiaefolius; 77369. Ar. chinensis; 77370. Ar. echinocaulis.
CueEn, F. H. 333. Ac. sessiliflorus; 426. Ac. senticosus.
Cuen, L. 68. S. octophylla.
CueEN, S. 889. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis,
CueEnc, W. C. 4146. Ac. Sicboldianus.
Cuero, C. C. (University of Nanking number). 18247. Ac. gracilistylus var. pubescens.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 121
Cuero, T. Y. & L. Yen. 322. K. pictus var. Maximowicsu.
Curao, C. Y. (University of Nanking numbers). 1162. Ac. trifoliatus; 1806. Ac. leucor-
rhizus var. fulvescens; 2052. Ac. leucorrhizus var. scaberulus; 14297. Ar. chinensis; 14381.
Ac. gracilistylus; 14466. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 14755. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; see also
Steward, A. N., C. Y. Chiao, & C. C. Cheo.
Curao, C. Y. & C. C. Cuero. 807. De. Chevalieri var. dentigerus.
Curao, C. Y. & S. C. Fan. 273. Ac. leucorrhizus var. scaberulus; 310. Hed. nepalensis var.
sinensis; 410. N. Davidii; 538. B. fatsioides; 717. Ac. leucorrhizus var. scaberulus; 802. Ac.
leucorrhisus var. scaberulus.
Cuien, S. S. 5760. Ac. trifoliatus.
Curnc, R. C. 377. Ac. Giraldii var. pilosulus; 887. Ac. Giraldii var. pilosulus; 899. Pa.
pseudo-ginseng; 1088. S. octophylla; 1300. Ac. gracilistylus ; 1302. Hed. nepalensis var. sinen-
sis; 1393. Ac. gracilistylus; 1791. Ac. gracilistylus; 1871. Ar. echinocaulis; 2100. De. Cheva-
lieri; 2294. De. Chevalieri; 2315. Ac. evodiaefolius ; 2364. Ar. chinensis; 2590. Ac. trifoliatus ;
2621. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 2650. Ac. gracilistylus; 2705. Ac. gracilistylus; 2814. Ac.
evodiaefolius; 2840. Ac. gracilistylus ; 2864. Ac. gracilistylus ; 2937. De. Chevalieri; 2957. Ar.
cordata; 3218. Ac. evodiaefolius; 3229. De. Chevalieri; 3537. Ac. trifoliatus; 4868. Ar. chi-
nensis; 4914. Ac. gracilistylus; 4996. Ac. evodiaefolius; 5045. Ar. echinocaulis; 5918. De.
hainanensis: 5969. Di. stachyanthus; 6644. Ac. trifoliatus; 6793. B. glomerulata var. longi-
pedicellata; 6850. B. gracilis; 7064. Ar. armata; 7115. Ac. trifoliatus; 7119. Ar. echinocaulis ;
7123. S. minutistellata; 7151. Ar. cordata; 7203. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 7213. De.
hainanensis ; 7327. S. venulosa; 7439. Ac. trifoliatus; 7463. S. glomerulata; 7680. Ar. armata;
7943. De. parviflorus; 8019. De. angustilobus; 8055. Het. chinensis ; 8234. S. octophylla; 8306.
De. Chevalieri; 8350. S. Metcalfiana; 8459. Ar. Decaisneana; 20481. Ac. gracilistylus ; 20524.
Ac. evodiaefolius ; 20826. Pa. pseudo-ginseng ; 21205. Pa. pseudo-ginseng ; 21439. S. dumicola;
21449. Ac. leucorrhizus; 21455. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 21488. N. Delavayi; 21510. Ac.
evodiaefolius; 21563. N. Delavayi; 21574. Pe. Henryi; 21598. N. Delavayi; 21648. Pe. Henryi;
21891. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 21895. N. Delavayi; 22091. Ac. evodiaefolius; 22204.
Pe. Henryi; 30021. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 30376. Pe. Leschenaultii; 30648. Pe.
Leschenaultii; 30694. Pa. pseudo-ginseng.
Cuinc, R. C. & C. L. Tso. 491. Ac. Giraldii.
Cuow, H. C, 708. Ar. chinensis; 1088. Ar. chinensis; 1101. N. Davidii; 1341. N. Davidii;
1509. N. Davidii; 1549. Ac. trifoliatus; 1551. N. Davidii; 1698. Ac. trifoliatus; 1713. K.
pictus; 1721. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 1802. Ac. Giraldii var. inermis; 1956, S. Delavayi;
1960. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis.
Cuun, N. K. 40221. Ar. Decaisneana; 41948. Te. papyrifera; 42295. Te. papyrifera; see
also How, F. C. & N. K. Chun.
Cuun, N. K.& C. L. Tso. 4007. Ar. Decaisneana; 4427. S. hainanensis; 43568. Ar. armata;
43935. B. glomerulata; 44020. S. octophylla; 44103. De. hainanensis; 44156. De. hainanensis ;
44635. Het. fragrans.
Cuun, W. Y. 775. Ac. trifoliatus; 2113. Ac. Giraldii; 3622. Ar. chinensis; 3794. N.
Davidii; 3847. N. Davidii; 3875. N. Davidii; 3893. Ac. setchuenensis; 3915. Ac. leucorrhizus ;
3921. Ac. gracilistylus; 4020. Ac. leucorrhisus; 4038. Ac. Henryi; 4044. K. pictus var.
magnificus; 4060. Ac. evodiaefolius; 4140. N. Davidii; 4192. N. Davidii; 4256. K. pictus ; 4365.
Ac. setchuenensis; 4389. K. pictus; 4429. N. Davidii; 5204. S. octophylla; 5548. Ar. Decais-
neana; 5672. S. Delavayi var. ochrascens; 5714. Ac. trifoliatus; 5782. S. Delavayi var.
ochrascens; 5789. De. confertus; 5903. S. octophylla; 6100. S. octophylla; 6952. N. fruti-
cosus; 7639. Ac. trifoliatus.
Cuunc, H. H. 1004. S. octophylla; 1135. S. octophylla; 1289. S. octophylla; 2002. Ac.
trifoliatus; 2135. Ar. chinensis; 2417. Ac. trifoliatus; 2855. De. Chevaliert var. dentigerus ;
3428. De. Chevalieri; 4528. Ar. Decaisneana; 4555. Ac. trifoliatus; 4824. Ar. Decaisneana;
5275. S. octophylla; 5900. Ar. Decaisneana; 6157. S. fukienensis; 6608. De. Chevalieri var.
dentigerus; 7625, Ac. trifoliatus; 7831. Ar. spinifolia; 8285. Ar. chinensis,
Cuune, H. H. & S. C. Sun. 528. Ac. evodiaefolius.
Cuune, Z. S. (T. S. Tsong). 81684. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 83301. Ac. evodiaefolius var.
gracilis; 83451. Ac. evodiaefolius var. gracilis; 83453. Ac. Chevalieri; 83497. Ar. cordata;
83505. De. Chevalieri; 83518. De. Chevalieri; 83534. De. Chevalieri; 83536. Ar. echinocaulis ;
83561. Ac. evodiacfolius; 83673. Ac. trifoliatus var. setosus.
Cownry, N. H. 560. K. pictus.
Davin, O. s. n. Ac. setulosus.
Detavay, J. M. s. n. Pe. yunnanensis; 2924. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 3869. Pe. Henryi;
4027. Ar. Fargesii var. yunnanensis.
122 SARGENTIA [2
Dorsett, P. H. 5984. Ac. senticosus.
Dorsett, P. H. & J. H. Dorsett. 3107. Ac. sessiliflorus; 40723. Ac. senticosus; 4205. Ar.
clata.
Ductoux, F. D. 125. Pe. Henryi; 169. Ar. Fargesii.
Faper, E, 39 = 265. Ac. trifoliatus; 44. K. pictus; 141. Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. angusti-
folius; 158. N. Davidii; 1757. Ac. sessiliflorus.
Fan, S. C. 53. N. Davidii:
Fan, S.C. & Y. Y. Li. 171. Ac. Sieboldianus; 203. Ac. gracilistylus; 213. Ac. gracili-
stylus; 286. S. Delavayi; 307. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 341. De. Chevalieri var. dentigerus ;
591. Ac. trifoliatus; 604. K. pictus; 662. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis: 681. S. Delavayi.
Fanc, W. P. 487. Ac. trifoliatus; 2034. N. Davidii; 2125. N. Davidii; 2247. Ac. setchuen-
ensis; 2795. Ac. leucorrhizsus; 2861. Ac. leucorrhizus; 2876. Ar. chinensis var. nuda ; 3106. N.
Davidii; 3140. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 3215. N. Davidii: 3241. S. Delavayi; 3392.
Ac. trifoliatus ; 3436. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 3523. Ac. lasiogyne; 3698. Ar. chinensis:
3847. Ac. trifoliatus; 4145. Ac. Giraldii; 4385. Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. bipinnatifidus; 4369.
Ar, chinensis var. nuda; 5551. K. pictus; 5567. Te. papyrifera; 5630. Hed. nepalensis var.
sinensis; 5693. N. Davidii; 5717. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis: 5740. S. Bodinieri; 5785. Hed.
nepalensis var. sinensis; 6691. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 6692. Ac. leucorrhizus; 6713. Ac.
leucorrhizus; 6723A. Ac. leucorrhisus; 7558. N. Davidii; 7655. Ac. leucorrhizus; 7762. Ac.
leucorrhisus; 9772. Ac. trifoliatus; 12622. N. Davidii; 12870. Ac. leucorrhizus var. scaberu-
lus; 12932. Ac. leucorrhizus var. scaberulus; 23645. S. Delavayi.
Farces, R. P. s. n. Ar. Fargesii; K. pictus.
Fenc, K. M. 275. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 565. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis: 624.
N. Delavayi; 1098. Ac. evodiaefolius; 1326. Ar. caesia; 1330. Ac. Wilsonti, 1351. Ar.
apioides; 1860. Ac. Wilsonii; 1939. N. Delavayi; 2069. N. Delavayi; 2361. Pa. pseudo-
ginseng ; 2423. N. Delavayi; 2487. N. Delavayi; 2791. Ar. Fargesii; 2792. Pa. pseudo-ginseng
var. major; 2881. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 2911. N. Davidii; 2919. Pe. Henryi; 3086. N.
Davidti; 3089. K. pictus; 3111. S. dumicola; 3186. N. Delavayi; 3215. Pe. Henryi; 3279. S.
Hoi; 3335. N. Delavayi; 3342. Pe. Henryi.
FenzeL, G. s. n. Ac. Giraldii; 715. Ac. evodiaefolius; 976. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis.
Forp, C. s. n. De. parviflorus ;.S. octophylla.
Forrest, G. s. n. S. dumicola; 499, Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 5616. Ac. evodiaefolius;
7698. S. venulosa; 7704. Me. Listeri; 7887. B. palmipes; 8086. Me. Listeri: 8192. B. Hainla;
8267. Ma. oreophilus; 8796. Ma. oreophilus; 8887. Ac. evodiaefolius; 9245. Hed. nepalensis
var. sinensis; 9308. S. Delavayi; 9595. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 9590. N. Delavayi;
9670. B. Hainla; 9737. B. Hainla; 9739. S. venulosa; 9790. S. hypoleucoides; 10211. Ac. cis-
sifolius; 10235. Ac. evodiaefolius; 10259. Ac. Wilsonii; 10411. Ac. gracilistylus; 10676. N.
Delavayi; 10691. N. Delavayi; 10765. Pe. Leschenaultii; 10814. Ar. chinensis var. nuda;
10826. N. Delavayi; 10934. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 11109. Pe. Henryi; 11120. Pe. Henryi;
11128. Pe. Henryi; 11256. K. pictus; 11282. Ac. evodiaefolius var. gracilis; 11357. Hed.
nepalensis var. sinensis; 11505. K. pictus; 11558. S. venulosa; 11708. N. Delavayi; 11713.
Ac. trifoliatus; 11748. Ac. trifoliatus; 11751. N. Delavayi; 11814. S. shweliensis; 11822. Ma.
oreophilus ; 11873. S. venulosa; 12068. Ac. evodiaefolius var. ferrugineus; 12848. B. Hainla;
13646. Pe. Leschenaultii; 13779. Ac. gracilistylus; 13854. Ac. Leschenaultii; 14881. S. yun-
nanensis; 15922. Ac. evodiaefolius var. ferrugineus; 16046. Ac. trifoliatus; 16215. N. Dela-
vay; 16906. K. pictus; 16935. Pe. Henryi; 17554. Ac. trifoliatus; 17690. Ma. oreophilus;
17896. S. venulosa; 18077. Me. Listeri; 18289. Ma. orcophilus; 18503. Ar. Thomsonii; 19051.
K. pictus; 19243. N. Davidii; 19419. Ac. gracilistylus; 19789. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 21362.
Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. bipinnatifidus; 21477. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 21574. Ac. Lesche-
naulti; 21624. S. yunnanensis; 22163. Pe. Leschenaultii; 22328. S. yunnanensis; 22859. Pa.
pseudo-ginseng; 23032. Pe. Henryi; 23124. N. Delavayi; 24635. Me. Listeri; 26172. B.
Hainla; 26207. B. Hainla; 26718, Pe. subcordatus; 27186. S. macrophylla.
Func, Hom. See Lingnan University.
Grracpl, J. s.n. Ac. Henryi; Ac. setchuenensis; Ar. chinensis; Hed. nepalensis var. sinen-
sis; 36. Ac. brachypus,
Gressitt, J. L. 1072. Ar. armata; 1182. S. arboricola; 1498. Ac. gracilistylus.
Grorr, G. W. See Lingnan University.
Hance, F. 12963. Ar. Decaisneana.
Hanve.-Mazzerti, H, 112 = 10346. K. pictus; 132. De. Chevalieri; 173. Hed. nepatensis
var. sinensis; 297. Ac. trifoliatus; 459. Te. papyrifera; 589 p.p. = 11753. Hed. nepalensis var.
sinensis; 589 p.p. De. parviflorus; 594 = 11742. Ac. gracilistylus; 672 = 12309. De. Chevalieri
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA tac
var. dentigerus; 691 = 12254. Ar. echinocaulis; 796. Ac. trifoliatus; 805 = 12682. Ar. chinen-
sis; 806. Ar. chinensis var. dasyphylloides; 811 = 2629. K. pictus; 835 = 12488. Ac. Simonii;
839 = 12407. De. Chevalieri var. dentigerus; 2066. Ar. Wilsonii; 2542. S. Delavayi; 4381.
Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 4410. Ar. caesia; 4456. N. Delavayi; 5639. Ac. trifoliatus; 6047.
S. venulosa; 6424. Pe. yunnanensis; 6445. Ac. Wilsonii; 6840. K. pictus; 7540. Hed. nepalen-
sis var, sinensis; 7865. Ac. leucorrhisus var. fulvescens; 7875. Pe. Henryi; 7973. Ac. Wardii;
8303. Me. Listeri; 8321. Pe. Leschenaultii var. Forrestii; 8409. N. Davidii; 8888. Ac. cissi-
folius; 9833. S. yunnanensis; 10009, Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 10015. K. pictus.
Henry, A. s. n. Het. fragrans; 1258. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 1735. S. octophyila;
2104. Ar. chinensis; 2246. K. pictus; 2246A. K. pictus; 2253. Ac. trifoliatus; 2253A. Ac. tri-
foliatus; 2534. N. Davidii; 2535. Ar. chinensis; 2573. Ac. leucorrhisus; 2580. Ac. leucor-
rhisus; 2639. Ac. trifoliatus; 2762. Ac. trifoliatus; 2967. N. Davidii; 2984. Hed. nepalensis
var. sinensis; 3101. K. pictus; 3261. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 3341. Hed. nepalensis var.
sinensis; 3406. Ac. gracilistylus; 3406A. Ac. gracilistylus; 4337. N. Davidii; 4337A. N.
Davidti; 4573. K. pictus; 4832. Ac. Henryi; 5396. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 5396A. Pa. pseudo-
ginseng; 5396B. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 5396C. Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. major; 5396F. Pa.
pseudo-ginseng; 5396G. Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. major; 5396H. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 5890.
Ac. gracilistylus var. villosulus; 5930. Ac. Rehderianus; 5950B. Ac. setchuenensis; 5950C. Ac.
leucorrhizus var. scaberulus; 5950E. Ac. leucorrhizus var. scaberulus; 6503. Ac. Simonii;
6503A. Ac. Simonii; 6503B. Ac. leucorrhizus var. scaberulus; 6521. Ac. setchuenensis; 6608A.
N. Davidii; 6608B. N. Davidii; 6630. Ac. setchuenensis; 6655. Ar. Henryi; 6785. Ar. Fargesii;
6834. Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. bipinnatifidus; 6835. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 6891. Ac. Giraldii;
7035. Pe. Henryi; 7121. Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. major; 7498. N. Davidii; 7609. Ac. Henryi;
7728. Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. major; 7909. Ac. leucorrhisus; 9180. B. ciliata; 9180A. B.
ciliata; 9214. S. Delavayi; 9214B. S. Delavayi; 9284. Pe. verticillatus; 9403. S. venulosa;
9403B. S. venulosa; 9403C. S. venulosa; 9479 p.p. Ar. Decaisneana; 9479 p.p. Ar. chinensis
var. nuda; 9479A. Ar. Decaisneana; 9479B. Ar. Decaisneana; 9479C. Ar. chinensis var.
nuda; 9530. S. producta; 9564. S. hypoleuca; 9654A. B. glomerulata; 9723. S. Hoi; 9806.
Pe. Leschenaultii; 9856. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 9856A. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis;
9927. N. Delavayi; 9927B. N. Delavayi; 9927C. Pe. Delavayi; 9927D. Pe. Delavayi; 10158.
Ac. trifoliatus var. setosus; 10158A. Ac. trifoliatus var. setosus; 10541. S. venulosa; 10639.
Ac. gracilistylus; 10622. Ar. caesia; 11158. Ac. trifoliatus var. setosus; 11244. Ar. caesia;
11271. Ar. foliolosa; 11278. Pe. Henryi; 11278A. Pe. Henryi; 11382 p.p. S. producta; 11382
p.p. S. hypoleuca; 11407. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 11407B. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 11435. S. hypo-
leucoides; 11492. B. glomerulata; 11650. B. ficifolia; 11757. Tr. palmata; 11764. Ma. undu-
latus var. simplex; 11840. S. hypoleuca; 11882. B. Hainla; 12259A. Pa. pseudo-ginseng;
12259B. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 12298. Tu. calyptratus; 12298A. Tu. calyptratus; 12298B. Tu.
calyptratus; 12402. Ma. undulatus var. simplex; 12561. Ac. trifoliatus; 12644. Ma. undulatus
var. simplex; 12653. B. ficifolia; 12653A. B. ficifolia; 12653B. B. ficifolia; 12770. Ac. tri-
- foliatus var. setosus; 12801. S. octophylla; 12865. Het. chinensis; 12939. S. chinensis; 13044.
S. venulosa; 13082. Ma. oreophilus; 13083. Ma. oreophilus; 13083A. Ma. oreophilus; 13294.
B. Hainla; 13301. S. hypoleucoides; 13304. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 13409. S. macro-
phylla; 13409A. S. macrophylla; 13426. S. Searelliana; 13456. B. glomerulata; 13462. S. Hoi;
13474. S. elata; 13621. B. glomerulata.
Hers, J. H. 948. Ar. chinensis; 1151. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 1271. Ar. chinensis; 2274.
Ar. chinensis; 2428. Ar. chinensis.
Ho, H. T. 60146. Ar. Decatsneana.
HonckonG Botanica, Garven, Herpartum oF. 924. De. proteus; 2760. Hed. nepalensis
var. sinensis; 10198. De. proteus.
How, F. C. 72313. B. glomerulata; 72765. S. arboricola; 73107. B. glomerulata; 73229.
S. arboricola; 73522. B. glomerulata; 73528. De. oligodontus; 73535. S. arboricola; 73623.
De. Chevalieri; 73958. Ar. Decaisneana.
How, F. C. & N. K. Cuun. 70103. S. octophylla.
Hsia, W. Y. See Tang, T. & W. Y. Hsia.
Hu, H. H. 185. S. octophylla; 235. Ar. chinensis; 253. K. pictus var. magnificus; 331.
De. Chevalieri; 508. Ac. trifoliatus; 534. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 1238. De. Chevalieri;
1249. De. Chevalieri; 1265. De. Chevalieri var. dentigerus; 1646. Ac. evodiaefolius; 2365.
Ac. evodiaefolius.
Hwane, C. Y. 64. N. Davidit.
Ip, N. K. (University of Nanking numbers). 4781. De. Chevalieri; 4783. Ac. Sieboldianus.
JamEs, H. E. M. s. n. Ac. senticosus.
124 SARGENTIA [2
Kenc, Y. L. 54. Ar. chinensis; 353. Ac. evodiaefolius; 451. Ar. echinocaulis; 930. De.
Chevalieri var. dentigerus; 1204. De. Chevalieri var. dentigerus; 1063. Ac. evodiaefolius ;
1064. Ac. gracilistylus; 1067. K. pictus; 1118. Ac. gracilistylus; 1956. K. pictus; 2635. Ar.
chinensis; 2691. Ac. gracilistylus. .
Kine, T. F. 520. Ac. Henryi.
Ko, S. P. 50164. De. Chevalieri; 51164. S. minutistellata; 51780. Ac. phanerophlebius ;
52789. Ac. gracilistylus var. nodiflorus; 55386. Ma. undulatus; 55841. S. octophylla.
Komarov, V. 149. Ac. senticosus; 1148. Ac. sessiliflorus; 1151. Ar. elata; 1152. Ar. cordata.
KorsHINSKY, S. s. n. Ac. senticosus.
Kune, H. W. 1896. Ac. senticosus; 2087. Ac. sessiliflorus.
Kuntze, Orto. 3575. S. octophylla.
LaporpE, J. See Bodinier, E.
Lau, S. K. 350. S. arboricola; 638. Ac. trifoliatus; 672. S. octophylla; 756. Ar. Decais-
neana; 957. De. parviflorus; 1241. Het. fragrans; 1888. B. glomerulata; 2011. S. octophylla;
2012. De. parviflorus; 2050. Ac. trifoliatus; 2232. Ar. dasyphylla; 2262. S. octophylla; 2325.
De. parviflorus; 2415. De. Chevalieri var. dentigerus; 2426. Het. brevipedicellatus ; 2436. Ar.
spinifolia; 2642. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 2741. De. Chevalieri; 2980. Het. fragrans;
3216. S. octophylla; 3419. Het. fragrans; 3869. B. glomerulata; 3949. De. Chevalieri var.
dentigerus; 4218. Ac. trifoliatus; 4224. Ar. chinensis var. dasyphylloides; 4363. Ar. chinensis
var. dasyphylloides; 4380. Ar. spinifolia; 4404. Het. brevipedicellatus; 4428. De. Chevaliert
var. dentigerus; 4567. Ar. spinifolia; 4593. Ac. trifoliatus; 4756. Ar. Decaisneana; 4847.
S. Delavayi var. ochrascens; 4876. Het. fragrans var. subcordatus; 4994. Ar. Decaisneana;
4998. B. glomerulata; 25479. B. glomerulata; 27343. De. hainanensis; 28169. De. oligodontus ;
28337. De. oligodontus; 28381. S. octophylla; 28693. B. glomerulata var. longipedicellata;
28812. De. inflatus.
Ler, C. I. 187. S. arboricola; 221. S. octophylla; 284. Het. fragrans var. attenuatus; 357.
S. octophylla; 930. Ar. armata.
Levine, C. O. See Lingnan University.
Levine, C. O. & G. W. Grorr. See Lingnan University.
Levine, C. O. & F. A. McCiure. See Lingnan University.
Li, C. F. 10046. K. pictus; 10058. Ar. chinensis; 10098. Ac. sessiliflorus; 11234. Ac. senti-
COSUS.
Li, M. K. 2189. S. shweliensis.
tae. eee Fan, 8. C.. YF. be.
Liane, H. Y. 60149. De. hainanensis; 60946. Ac. gracilistylus; 62558. B. glomerulata;
62613. B. glomerulata; 63075. S. arboricola; 63389. Ar. Decaisneana; 63429. Het. fragrans;
63435. S. arboricola; 63484. S. octophylla; 63650. Het. fragrans; 63681. S. octophylla; 63839.
Het. fragrans; 64812. Ma. oreophilus; 64336. S. octophylla; 64627. Ar. Decaisneana; 66310.
Het. fragrans; 66429. Het. fragrans; 69974. Ac. trifoliatus var. setosus.
Licent, L. 12209. Ac. senticosus f. inermis; 12668. Ac. Giraldii var. inermis.
Linc, K. (University of Nanking numbers). 12295. Ac. Giraldii; 12553. Ac. Giraldii.
Lincnan Unversity (formerly Canton Christian College; numbers below 9576 are
marked CCC, numbers above 12523 are marked LU).! 117 (Levine & Groff). S. octophylla;
182 (Levine). Ac. trifoliatus; 262 (Levine). S. octophylla; 369 (Levine). S. octophylla; 418
(Levine). Ar. Decaisneana; 558 (Levine). Ac. trifoliatus; 1235 (Levine). De. acuminatissi-
mus; 1315 (Levine). De. acuminatissimus; 1376 (Levine). De. Chevalieri; 1433 (Levine).
De. Chevalieri; 1525 (Levine). De. Chevalieri; 1684 (Levine). S. octophylla; 1702 (Levine).
Ar. Decaisneana; 1851 (Levine). Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 1853 (Levine). Ar. Decaisneana;
2739 (To Kang-peng). Het. fragrans; 3242 (Levine). Ar.-spinifolia; 3400 (Levine). S.
octophylla; 6841 (Levine & McClure). De. Chevalieri; 7544 (McClure). Ac. trifoliatus;
7894 (McClure). S. octophylla; 8044 (McClure 1350). Ar. Decaisneana; 8474 (McClure).
Ar. armata; 8732 (W. T. Tsang). Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 9434 (McClure 8878). B.
glomerulata; 9576A (McClure). S. arboricola; 9576B (McClure). S. arboricola; 12523 (To
& Tsang). De. Chevalicri; 13085 (McClure). Ac. trifoliatus; 13773 (McClure). S. Delavayi
var. ochrascens; 14181 (W. T. Tsang & K. C. Wang). Ar. dasyphylla; 14841 (W. T. Tsang
& K.C. Wang). Te. papyrifera; 14996 (W. T. Tsang & K. C. Wang). K. pictus ; 15346 (Mc-
Clure 3996). K. pictus; 16179 (W. T. Tsang 680). Ar. armata; 16267 (W. T. Tsang 768). S.
octophylla; 16294 (W. T. Tsang 795). S. arboricola; 16307 (W. T. Tsang 808). S. octophylla;
1 For an explanation of the numbers of the Lingnan University specimens and those of
several other Chinese herbaria, see Metcalf, Fl. Fukien 1: 5, 1942.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 125
16324 (W. T. Tsang 825). Ar. armata; 16532 (W. T. Tsang). S. octophylla; 16588 (W. T.
Tsang). S. octophylla; 17677 (Tsang, Tang, & Fung 146). Ma. oreophilus; 17837 (Tsang,
Tang, & Fung 303). Ma. oreophilus; 18174 (Tsang & Fung 640). B. glomerulata; 18219
(Tsang & Fung 685). Ar. armata; 18592 (McClure Y124). S. kwangsiensis? ; 18627 (Fung
Hom). Het. fragrans; 19098 (McClure). Ar. spinifolia; 19126 (Tang Sui Pan 6). Ar. De-
caisneana; 19147 (Tang Sui Pan & Fung Hom 27). S. octophylla; 19235 (McClure B64).
Hed. helix; 19422 (Fung Hom). De. Chevalieri; 19474 (Fung Hom). De. proteus; see also
Chekiang University.
Liou, T. N. 183. Ac. evodiaefolius; 263. Ac. Henryi var. Faberi.
Litvinov, D. s. n. Ac. sessiliflorus.
Liu, J. C. 1481. Ac. senticosus.
Liu, J. C. & B. E. Reap, L2012 = R563. Ac. sessiliflorus.
Liv, Y. S. 1107. N. Davidii; 1164. Ac. leucorrhizus var. fulvescens; 1190. Ac. leucorrhizus;
1272. Ac. leucorrhizus var. fulvescens; 1431. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 1483A. Ar.
chinensis; 1616. Ac. leucorrhizus var. fulvescens; 1726. B. ciliata; 1864. S. Delavayi; 1916.
K. pictus; 2033. Ac. trifoliatus; 2194, Ac. evodiaefolius; 2246. Ac. leucorrhizsus; 2248. Ac.
leucorrhisus; 2262. Te. papyrifera.
Maack, R. s. n. Ac. sessiliflorus; Ar. elata.
MacGrecor, D. s. n. Ac. gracilistylus; Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 30. Hed. nepalensis
var. sinensis.
Marre, E. E. s. n. Te. papyrifera; 450. Ac. Giraldii; 2918. Ac. trifoliatus; 2988. Ac. tri-
foliatus ; 6300. Pe. yunnanensis; 6815. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 7369. Ar. chinensis var. nuda;
7463. Ac. Giraldii.
Marre, R. P. 6816. Ar. chinensis var. nuda.
Martin, L. See Bodinier, E.
Maximowicz, C. J. s.n. Ac. sessiliflorus; Ar. cordata; Ar. elata; K. pictus.
McCuure, F. A. 20125. Ma. oreophilus; see also Lingnan University.
Merrity, E. D. 10057. Ac. trifoliatus; 10187. De. acuminatus; 10327. De. proteus; 11035.
De. Chevalieri. P
Metca_r, F. P. 17627. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis.
Meyer, F. N. 1365. Ac. senticosus; 1369. Ac. senticosus; 1473. Ac. gracilistylus; 1530. De.
Chevalieri var. dentigerus; 1556. K. pictus var. magnificus; 1569. Ar. echinocaulis; 1769. Ac.
leucorrhizus; 2007. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis.
NANKING, University oF. See Cheo, C. C., Chiao, C. Y., Ip, N. K., Ling, K., & Steward,
A.N.
Norton, J. B. 1362. Ar. chinensis; 1363. De. Chevalieri; 1435. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis.
Pence, T. C. 184. Ar. chinensis.
Pratt, A. E. 789. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis.
Purpom, W. s. n. Ac. Giraldii var. pilosulus; 1. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 2. Ac. setchuen-
ensis; 3. Ac. Giraldii; 4. Ac. stenophyllus; 7. Ac. Giraldii; 350. Ac. gracilistylus; 445. Ac.
Giraldii; 1011. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis.
Reap, B. E. See Liu, J. C. and B. E. Read.
Rock, J. F. 2356. Het. fragrans; 2395. Tr. palmata; 2402. Tr. palmata; 2417. Ar. Thom-
soni; 2472. Ma. undulatus var. simplex; 2556. Het. fragrans var. attenuatus; 2655. Ar. ar-
mata; 2757. Tu. calyptratus; 2863. S. venulosa; 2866. S. venulosa; 2928. B. Hainla; 2949.
Tr. palmata; 3523. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 3730. Pe. Leschenaultii; 3771. Ac. Wilsonii;
3953. Ar. Wilsonii; 4133. Ac. evodiaefolius; 4204. Ac. evodiaefolius; 4482. Pe. Leschenaultii;
4866. Ac. Wilsonti; 5083. Ar. Wilsonii; 5106. Ac. evodiaefolius; 5192. Ac. evodiaefolius ;
5752. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 5756. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 6203. N. Delavayi; 6564. Pe.
Henryi; 6951. N. Delavayi; 6969. Ac. trifoliatus; 7016. Me. Listeri; 7018. S. shweliensis;
7096. S. Delavayi; 7232. S. venulosa; 7278. S. minutistellata; 7364. Ma. undulatus; 7411. S.
impressa; 7433. Ma. undulatus; 7570. Ac. trifoliatus; 7586. S. Delavayi; 7626. Hed. nepalensis
var. sinensis; 7632. S. impressa; 7639. S. shweliensis; 7851. S. venulosa; 8302. Pe. Lesche-
naultii; 8544. Ar. Wilsonii; 8984. Ac. Wilsonit; 9407. Ac. gracilistylus; 9512. Ac. evodiae-
folius; 10244. Me. Listeri; 10363. Ac. evodiaefolius; 10365. Ac. Wardii; 10408. Ar. chinensis
var. nuda; 10571. N. Delavayi; 11521. K. pictus; 11553. Ac. leucorrhisus; 11614. K. pictus;
11632. S. Hoi; 11633. N. Delavayi; 11651. Ac. evodiaefolius; 12063. Hed. nepalensis var.
sinensis; 12657. Ac. Giraldii var. pilosulus; 12695. Ac. Giraldii; 12845. Ac. Giraldii; 13106.
Ac. Giraldii var. pilosulus; 13215. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 13481. Ar. chinensis var. nuda;
13491. Ac. Giraldii; 13534. Ac. Giraldii; 13665. Ac. leucorrhizus; 14572. Ar. chinensis var.
nuda; 14669. Ac. leucorrhizus ; 14673. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 14721. Ac. leucorrhizus; 14764.
126 SARGENTIA [2
Ac. Giraldii; 14811. Ac. Giraldii; 14825. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 14850. Ac. stenophyllus var.
angustissimus; 14866. Ac. Giraldii; 14893. Ac. Giraldii; 15023. Ac. leucorrhizus; 15085. Ar.
chinensis var. nuda; 16900. Ar. Wilsonti; 17820. Ar. Wilsonti; 18051. Ac. evodiaefolius ;
18270. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 22283. Ac. evodiaefolius var. ferrugineus; 22652. Ac.
evodiacfolius ; 23869. Ac. evodiaefolius; 24394. Ac. evodiaefolius; 24712. Ac. Wilsonii; 25404.
Ac. evodiaefolius.
SarGENT, C. S. s. n. Ac. senticosus; Het. fragrans; S. octophylla.
Scnon, O. 67 = 408. K. pictus; 325. N. Delavayi.
Scunerper, C. s. n. Ac. Simonii; 156. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 320. Hed. nepalensis
var. sinensis; 395. N. Delavayi; 409. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 1220. Ar. Wilsonii; 1221.
Ar. Wilsonii; 1417. S. dumicola; 1427. Ac. evodiaefolius var. gracilis; 2075. Pe. Henryi;
2236. N. Delavayi; 2387. Ac. cissifolius; 2441. Pe. Leschenaultit; 2471. Ac. evodiaefolius;
2793. Ac. trifoliatus; 3011. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 3059. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 3166.
Pe. Leschenaultii; 3267. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 3288. Ac. evodiaefolius; 3617. Pa.
pseudo-ginseng; 3891. Ar. Wilsonii; 4054. S. Delavayt.
ScHRANK, L. s. n. Ac. senticosus. ,
SHANGTUNG University. 1037. Ar. chinensis.
SHearer, G. s. n. K. pictus.
Sin, S. S. 9569. Ar. echinocaulis; 11020. De. parviflorus; 11346. De. confertus; 11458. Ar.
spinifolia; 11517. Ar. dasyphylla; 11742. De. confertus.
Sxvortzov, B. V. s. n. Ac. sessiliflorus; Ar. elata.
SmituH, H. 303. Ac. sessiliflorus; 306. Ac. senticosus; 758. Ac. sessiliflorus; 912. Ac. senti-
cosus {. subinermis; 2831. Ac. Giraldii; 3641. Ac. Giraldii; 4536. Ac. Wardii; 4753. Ac.
Wardii; 4858. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 6484. Ac. senticosus f. inermis; 6563. Ac. steno-
phyllus var. dilatatus; 7783. Ac. senticosus.
Stewarp, A. N. (University of Nanking numbers). 2039. K. pictus; 2116. Ac. gracili-
stylus; 2568. K. pictus; 2752. K. pictus; 2783. K. pictus; 4224. Ac. leucorrhisus var. scaberu-
lus; 4695. Pa. pseudo-ginseng ; 4753. Ar. chinensis; 7141. De. Chevalieri; 9773, Ar. chinensis;
14707. K. pictus; 14709. K. pictus; 14477. K. pictus; 18931. K. pictus.
Srewarp, A. N. & C. C. Cuero. 11. S. Bodinieri; 402. B. ciliata; 776. S. Delavayi; 976.
Ar. undulata; 1039. Ar. armata; 1054. De. stellatus; 1086. S. octophylla; 1200. Te. papyrifera.
Strewarp, A. N., C. Y. Cutao, & C. C. Cuero. 126. Ac. trifoliatus; 258. Ac. gracilistylus ;
262. N. Delavayi; 374. De. hainanensis; 478. Ac. evodiaefolius; 505. Ac. setchuenensis ; 566.
Ac. trifoliatus; 694. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 725. S. Bodinieri; 740. Te. papyrifera;
758. S. Bodinieri; 829. Ar. dasyphylla; 917. N. Davidii. ‘
Sun, S. C. 1303. Ar. chinensis; 1466. Ac. evodiaefolius; see also.Chung, H. H. & S. C.
Sun.
Sytvestri, C. s. n. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 1598. Ac. gracilistylus var. pubescens; 1600.
Ac. gracilistylus var. pubescens; 1601. K. pictus; 1613. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis.
Taam, Y. W. 123. De. acuminatissimus ; 283. De. parviflorus.
TanG, Stu Girne. 5560. Ac. trifoliatus; 5820. Ac. trifoliatus; 6765. Hed. nepalensis var.
sinensis; 6831. S. octophyila; 6967. S. octophylla; 7068. Ac. trifoliatus; 13008. S. octophylla;
13105. S. octophylla; 13270. S. octophylla.
Tanc, Sut Pan. See Lingnan University.
TANG, Sut Pan & Func Hom. See Lingnan University.
TANG, T. 982. Ac. senticosus; 1481. Ac. senticosus.
Tano, T. & W. Y. Hsra. 156. Ar. chinensis.
Ten, P. S. 600. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis.
Ten, Stmeon. 32. N. Delavayi; 468. Ac. evodiaefolius; 508. Ac. evodiacfolius; 533. Ar.
chinensis var. nuda; 537. N. Delavayi.
Tene, S. W. 90353. Ac. gracilistylus; 90684. Ar. chinensis; 90787. Ac. trifoliatus; 90830.
S. glomerulata; 90890. Ar. armata; 90995. B. glomerulata var. longipedicellata.
To, Kanc-PenG. See Lingnan University.
To, Kanc-Penc & W. T. Tsanc. See Lingnan University.
Tsar, H. T. 50263. Ac. senticosus; 50277. Ar. cordata; 50522. Ar. chinensis var. nuda;
51246. Ac. evodiaefolius; 51291. Ac. leucorrhisus var. fulvescens; 51423. B. fatsioides; 51443.
S. minutistellata; 51489. S. Delavayi; 51505. S. hypoleucoides; 51538A. S. hypoleucoides;
51890. B. ciliata; 52450. S. diversifoliolata; 52466. S. hypoleucoides; 52642. S. Searelliana;
52740. Ac. Simonii; 52042. N. Delavayi; 52982. Pe. Leschenaultii; 53121. S. venulosa; 53252.
S. venulosa; 53649. Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. bipinnatifidus; 54028. N. Delavayi; 54075. S.
dumicola; 54085. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 54121. S. impressa; 54231. Pa. pseudo-ginseng ;
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 127
54353. Me. Listeri; 54378. S. Hoi; 54386. Me. Listeri; 54451. S. Hoi; 54453. Ac. evodiae-
folius ; 54478. S. impressa; 54518. S. shweliensis; 54526. S. Delavayi; 54588. Ma. oreophilus ;
54759. B. glomerulata var. coriacea; 54950. Me. Listeri; 54951. B. hispida; 54969. S. Delavayt;
54978. S. Hoi; 55034. S. venulosa; 55347. S. glomerulata; 55495. B. glomerulata var. coriacea;
55510. B. Hainla; 55894. S. khasiana; 56119. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 56134. N. Dela-
vayi; 56278. N. Delavayi; 56305. B. Hainla; 56307. B. fatsioides; 56386. B. chengkangensis ;
56505. Ac. evodiaefolius; 56550. S. Hoi; 56557. Me. Listeri; 56563. Pa. pseudo-ginseng;
56575. B. palmipes; 56580. Ar. chinensis; 56583A. Me. Listeri; 56628. S. macrophylla; 56823.
Ma. undulatus; 56855. Ma. undulatus var. simplex; 56890. B. Hainla; 57212. Ac. evodiae-
folius ; 57283. Ar. Wilsonii; 57355. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 57357. Ar. Wilsonti; 57366. Ac.
leucorrhizus var. fulvescens; 57450. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 57524. N. Delavayi; 57665. Ar.
chinensis var. nuda; 57797. Ac. leucorrhisus; 57816. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 57841.
Ac. evodiaefolius; 57868. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 57886. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 57912.
Ac. leucorrhizus; 57929. Ac. leucorrhizus; 57939. Ac. leucorrhisus; 58091. Ac. evodiaefolius ;
58337. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 58347. S. multinervia; 58363. S. impressa; 58512A. Ac. tri-
foliatus; 58678. De. Chevalieri; 58728. De. Chevalicri; 58861. Ar. chinensis; 58864. Me.
Listeri; 58890. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 58923. Ac. trifoliatus; 58926. Ac. trifoliatus;
59035. S. Hoi; 59086. B. glomerulata var. coriacea; 59089. S. ‘chinensis; 59338. Pe. Lesche-
naultii; 59587. Ac. evodiacfolius; 59589. S. Hoi; 59594. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 59693.
Ac. evodiacfolius; 59743. Pa. pseudo-ginseng ; 59759. Ac. evodiaefolius; 59765, Ar. chinensis
var. nuda; 59841. Ac. evodiaefolius ; 59847. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 59919. Hed. nepalen-
sis var. sinensis; 59960. Ac. evodiaefolius ; 60006. S. venulosa; 60278. S. glomerulata; 60332.
B. glomerulata var. coriacea; 60342. S. glomerulata; 61147. B. glomerulata var. coriacea;
61564. De. Chevalieri; 61624. De. Chevalieri; 61693. S. Hoi; 61854. Ar. armata; 61908. Ac.
trifoliatus var. setosus; 62236. B. glomerulata; 62457. N. Davidii; 62493. N. Davidii; 62632.
N. Davidii; 62779. S. hainensis; 62881. N. Davidit.
Tsanc, W. T. 20057. S. octophylla; 20083. Ac. gracilistylus; 20199. Ac. gracilistylus ;
20393. Ac. gracilistylus; 20416. De. proteus; 20625. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 20691. S.
Delavayi var. ochrascens ; 20699. S. Delavayi var. ochrascens ; 20740. S. minutistellata; 20811.
Ar. dasyphylla; 20837. Ac. trifoliatus; 20965. De. Chevalieri; 21224. De. parviflorus; 21316.
De. proteus; 21434. De. Chevalieri; 21777. Ar. dasyphylla; 21788. S. kwangsiensis; 21930.
Ac. gracilistylus var. nodiflorus; 22088. S. kwangsiensis; 22177. S. kwangsiensis; 22361. Di.
stachyanthus ; 22406. De. hainanensis; 22575. De. hainanensis ; 22601. De. hainanensis ; 22632.
Ac. evodiaefolius var. gracilis; 22650. De. Chevalieri; 22874. De. acuminatissimus ; 23298.
Ar. Decaisneana; 24160. B. glomerulata; 24235. De. angustilobus; 24257. De. Chevalicri;
24270. De. kwangsiensis; 24385. Di. stachyanthus; 24428. S. Metcalfiana; 24435. Het. chinen-
sis; 24465. S. Metcalfiana; 24518. S. Metcalfiana; 24584. Het. chinensis; 24654. Het. chinensis ;
24727. Ar. Decaisneana; 24745. Ar. armata; 24765. De. kwangsiensis; 25375. Ac. aracili-
stylus; 25860. Ac. trifoliatus; 25945. De. productus; 26148. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis;
27936. Ar. echinocaulis; 28388. Ar. chinensis var. dasyphylloides; 28480. De. Chevalteri;
28503. S. minutistellata; see also Lingnan University.
Tsanc, W. T. & Func Hom. See Lingnan University.
Tsanc, W. T., Tanc, Sut Pan, & Func Hom. See Lingnan University.
Tsanc, W. T. & K. C. Wane. See Lingnan University.
Tstanc, Y. 166. S. octophylla; 1004. Ac. gracilistylus; 1130. Ac. trifoliatus; 1216. Ar.
chinensis var. dasyphylloides; 1231. Ac. trifoliatus; 1331. S. Delavayi var. ochrascens; 1335.
S. Delavayi var. ochrascens; 1347. K. pictus; 1449. S. octophylla; 1555. S. octophylla; 1606.
Ac. trifoliatus; 1686. Ac. trifoliatus; 2056. Het. fragrans; 3344, Ac. trifoliatus; 4123. Hed.
nepalensis var. sinensis; 4187. N. Davidii; 4206. K. pictus; 4286. S. minutistellata; 4770. Ac.
trifoliatus var. setosus; 4905. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 5475. De. hainanensis; 5489. Ac.
Simonii; 5746. Ac. Simonii; 6123. Ac. trifoliatus; 6455. S. Delavayi; 6764. De. Chevalieri
var. dentigerus; 6884. Ar. Decaisneana; 6916. B. ciliata; 6957. S. minutistellata; 7046. B.
acuminata; 7144. Ma. undulatus; 7235. Ar. armata; 7452. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 7503.
S. Bodinieri; 8496. Ac. trifoliatus; 8650. N. Davidii; 8878. Ac. Simonii; 8894. De. parvi-
florus; 9272. Hed. nepalensis var..sinensis; 9519. S. producta; 10127. De. Chevalieri var.
dentigerus; 10131. Ar. echinocaulis; 10348. Ar. chinensis.
Tsranc, Y. & H. Wane. 10629. S. venulosa.
Tsru, T. M. 531. Ac. gracilistylus var. nodiflorus; 697. Ac. trifoliatus var. setosus; 731.
Ac. gracilistylus var. nodiflorus.
Tso, C. L. 355. Ac. gracilistylus; 1805. K. pictus; see also Ching, R. C. & C. L. Tso,
Chun, N. K. & C. L. Tso.
128 SARGENTIA [2
Tsoonc, K. K. 4044. K. pictus.
Wang, C. 577. Ac. trifoliatus; 30911. Ac. phanerophlebius; 31548. Te. papyriferus; 32263.
Ac. gracilistylus ; 33684. B. glomerulata; 33919. Ar. Decaisneana; 34158. S. arboricola , 34558.
S. octophylla; 34583. Ar. Decaisneana; 34608. S. octophylla; 34616. B. glomerulata; 34622.
S. arboricola; 35038. S. arboricola; 35127. S. octophylla; 35441. B. glomerulata; 36212. Het.
fragrans; 36325. Ma. orcophilus; 39333. Di. stachyanthus; 39573. Ac. trifoliatus: 39584, De.
hainanensis ; 39609. Ac. evodiaefolius var. gracilis; 39641. De. Chevalieri; 39913. B. glomeru-
lata; 39974, De. parviflorus; 40070. De. hainanensis; 40162. De. Chevalieri; 40174. De. parvi-
florus ; 40233. Ac. evodiaefolius var. gracilis; 40466. De. hainanensis; 40542. De. confertus.
Wang, C. C. 257. Ar. Decaisneana; 303. Ar. Decaisneana; 308. S. octophylla.
Wane, C. W. 8649. S. octophylla; 31907. S. octophylla; 60484, Ac. sessiliflorus; 60500.
Ac, senticosus ; 60812. Ar. cordata; 61060. Ac. senticosus; 62262. Ac. senticosus f. subinermis ;
63693. Ac. gracilistylus; 63826. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 63870. Ar. atropurpurea; 63907. Ac.
evodiaefolius; 63975. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 65255. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 65334. Pa. pseudo-
ginseng; 65469. Ac. Wardii; 65832. Pa. pseudo-ginseng ; 66134A. Hed. nepalensis var. sinen-
sis; 66184. S. dumicola; 66193. Ac. Wardii; 66351. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 66603. S.
Hoi; 66605. Pe. parasiticus; 66655. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 66714. Ac. evodiaefolius ;
66718. S. dumicpla; 66747. N.*Delavayi; 66751. S. Hoi var. macrophylla; 66755. N. Davidii;
66817. N. Davidii; 66826. S. Delavayi; 66896. Me. Listeri; 66919. N. Davidii; 66927. B.
ficifolia; 66979. Me. Listeri; 67053. Me. Listeri; 67162. S. Hoi; 67424. Ac. evodiaefolius ;
67470A. Ar. chinensis; 67550. Ac. evodiaefolius; 67539. B. glomerulata; 67557. De. Cheva-
lieri; 67562. De. Chevalieri; 67568. B. hispida; 67699. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 67716.
Ac. evodiaefolius; 68220. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 68287. Pe. Leschenaultii var. Forrestii;
68337. Ac. leucorrhizus var. fulvescens; 68708. Pe. Leschenaultii var. Forrestii; 69157. N.
Delavayi; 69159. P. pseudo-ginseng; 69179. Ac. Wardii; 69180. Ac. Wardii; 69879. Pa.
pseudo-ginseng; 69904, Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 69999A. N. Delavayi; 70411. Ac. cisstfolius ;
70441. N. Delavayi; 70469. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 70729. Pa. pseudo-ginseng ; 70979.
Pe, Leschenaultii; 71952. S. Wangii; 72290. B. fatsioides; 72309. B. chengkangensis; 72319.
S. shweliensis ; 72364. S. Wangii;'72842. S. venulosa; 73240. Tu. calyptratus; 73883. S. venu-
losa; 73932. Tu. calyptratus; 74261. Ar. Thomsonii; 74308. S. venulosa; 74398. B. glomeru-
lata; 74622. Ar. Thomsonii; 74850. Ma. undulatus var. simplex; 74892. Ar. Thomsoni;
74909. B. glomerulata; 74910. Tr. palmata; 74911. S. venulosa: 75152. S, venulosa; 75228.
Tu. calyptratus; 75510. Ar. Thomsonii; 75571. S. venulosa; 75696. Ar. Thomsonii; 75703.
Ar. armata; 75850. Ar. armata; 75889. Ma. undulatus var. simplex; 75990. Ar. armuta;
76004A. Tr. palmata var. costata; 76149. Ma. undulatus var. simplex; 76202. Tu. calyptratus ;
76297. B. fatsioides; 76448. S. venulosa; 76450. Ma. undulatus; 76489A. B. glomerulata var.
coriacea; 76520. Tr. palmata var. costata; 76594, Tr. palmata; 76744. Tr. palmata; 76858.
B. Hainla; 76887. S. venulosa; 77251. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 77261. Ma. oreophilus; 77283. Ar.
Thomsonii; 77446. B. glomerulata; 77469. Ma. undulatus var. simplex; 77692. Ar. armata;
77717. Ma, undulatus var. simplex; 77895. Tr. palmata var. costata; 77938. Ma. undulatus
var. simplex; 78076. Ac. leucorrhisus; 78126. B. glomerulata; 78130. Ma. undulatus var.
simplex ; 78358A. Ma. oreophilus; 78394, Ar. Thomsonii; 79174. Ma. undulatus var. simplex;
79305. Ma. undulatus; 79622. S. octophylla; 79697. Ma. undulatus var. simplex; 79766. Ar.
armata,; 79773. B. glomerulata; 79954. S. octophylla; 80107. B. glomerulata var. brevipedi-
cellata; 80111. S. octophylla; 80155. Ma. undulatus var. simplex ; 80187. Het. fragrans; 80512.
N. Davidii; 80365. S. octophylla; 80751. S. octophylla; 81102. Ma. undulatus var. simplex ;
87084. Me. Listeri; 90318. Ac. trifoliatus.
Wane, F. T. 2080. N. Rosthornii; 20778. Ar. chinensis; 21414. Ac. Giraldii; 21613. Ac.
leucorrhizus var. fulvescens ; 21644. Ac. stenophyllus; 21912. Ar. chinensis; 21948. Ac. leucor-
rhisus var. fulvescens; 21964. Ac. setchuenensis; 22255. N. Davidii; 22362. Ar. chinensis var.
nuda; 22674. Te. papyriferus; 22762. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 23098. B. fatsioides;
23335. Ac. leucorrhisus var. fulvescens; 23346. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 23362. Ac. leucor-
rhisus ; 23530. Ar. chinensis; 23615. De. Chevalieri var. dentigerus; 23635. K. pictus; 23654.
N. Davidii.
Wan, H. See Tsiang, Y. & H. Wang.
Wane, K. C. See Lingnan University.
Wane, Te-Hut. 104. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 228. Ar. echinocaulis; 319. Ac. Cheva-
eri var. dentigerus; 332. Ac. gracilistylus; 376. De. Chevalieri; 465. De. Chevalieri.
Wane, T. K. & T. S. Wen. 694. Ar. cordata.
Warp, F. K. 10068. Ac. evodiaefolius.
Wen, T. S. 533. N. Davidii; see also Wang, T. K. & T. S. Wen.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 129
Wirorp, C. s. n. Ac. sessiliflorus.
Witson, E. H. s. n. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 128. Ar. chinensis; 128A. Ar. chinensis
var. nuda; 276. Ac. Giraldii var. inermis; 288. Ac. leucorrhisus var. fulvescens; 322. Ac.
leucorrhizus var. scaberulus; 323A. Ac. leucorrhisus var. scaberulus; 323B. Ac. leucorrhizus
var. scaberulus; 332. N. Davidii; 379. Ac. Henryi; 379A. Ac. gracilistylus var. villosulus ;
399. Ac. trifoliatus; 399A. Ac. trifoliatus; 602. K. pictus; 614. N. Davidti; 842. Ac. tri-
foliatus; 865. Ac. setchuenensis; 957. Ac. gracilistylus var. villosulus; 1001. Ac. leucorrhizus
var. fulvescens; 1014. Ac. Giraldii; 1020. Ac. Rehderianus; 1023. Ac. leucorrhizus var. ful-
vescens; 1030. Ac. gracilistylus var. pubescens; 1044. Ac. setchuenensis; 1080. Pa. pseudo-
ginseng var. major; 1113. Ac. setchuenensis; 1119. Ac. gracilistylus; 1136. N. Davidii; 1142.
Ac. evodiaefolius; 1208. Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. major; 1224. Ac. gracilistylus; 1311. Pe.
Henryi; 1313. Ac. lasiogyne; 1334. Ar. chinensis; 1456. Ac. Simonii; 1508. Ar. chinensis;
1559. N. Davidii; 1613. Ac. trifoliatus; 1680. K. pictus; 1952-1960 (inclusive). N. Davidit;
1961. N. Rosthornii; 1962. K. pictus; 1963. K. pictus; 1964. Ar. Wilsonti; 1965, Ac. leucor-
rhisus; 1966. Ac. leucorrhisus var. fulvescens; 1967. Ac. leucorrhizus ; 1968. Ac. setchuenensis ;
1969. Ac. Giraldii; 1970. Ac. Giraldii; 1971. Ac. Giraldii; 1972. Ac. Wilsonii; 1973. Ac.
gracilistylus; 1974. Ac. Rehderianus; 1975. Ac. leucorrhisus var. fulvescens; 1976. Ac.
Giraldii var. inermis; 1977. Ac. Henryi,; 1978. Pa. pseudo-ginseng ; 1979, Pa. pseudo-ginseig ;
2229. Ac. leucorrhisus; 2229A. Ac. Simonii; 2354. Ac. Giraldii var. inermis; 2437. Hed.
nepalensis var. sinensis; 2497. N. Rosthornii; 2543. N. Davidii; 3690. Ac. Wilsonti; 3691.
N. Delavayi; 3692. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 3693. Ac. setchuenensis; 3693A. Ac. leucorrhizus
var. fulvescens; 3697. B. fatsioides; 3717. Ar. Wilsonii; 4018. Ac. Giraldii; 4018A. Ac.
Giraldii; 4167. Ac. lasiogyne; 4185. Ar. dumetorum; 4204. Ac. evodiaefolius; 4284. Pe.
Henryi; 4285. Ar. cordata; 4386. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 4558. Ac. leucorrhisus var. jul-
vescens; 4559. N. Delavayi; 4560. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 4561. Ac. Wilsonii; 4936. Ac.
leucorrhisus; 4938. N. Rosthorni.
Wricut, C. 101. S. octophylla; 179. S. octophylla; 180. De. proteus; 287. S. octophylla.
Yen, L. See Cheo, T. Y. & L. Yen.
Yin, K. N. 66. Ar. chinensis; 163. N. Davidii.
Yu, T. T. 467. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 531. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 1529. Ar.
chinensis var. nuda; 5264. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 6320. Ar. plumosa; 7337. Ar. plu-
mosa; 7461. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 7520. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 7852. Ac. evodiaefolius ;
7945. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 7980. Ac. Wardii; 7986. Ac. Wardii; 8426. Ac. evodiae-
folius; 8573. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 8581. Ac. evodiaefolius var. ferrugineus; 9022. Pa. pseudo-
ginseng; 9935. Ac. Yui; 10188. Ac. Yui; 10422. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 10434. Pe.
Henryi; 10488. Ac. evodiaefolius; 10588. Ac. evodiaefolius ; 11322. Hed. nepalensis var. sinen-
sis; 11766. Ac. evodiaefolius var. gracilis; 12165. Ac. Yui; 13406. Ar. caesia; 13444. Ar.
chinensis var. nuda; 13453. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 13493. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 13622. Ac.
cissifolius; 14050. Ar. Fargesii; 14162. Ar. chinensis var. nuda; 15237. Pe. Leschenaulttu;
15899. Tr. palmata; 15980. Ac. evodiaefolius var. ferrugineus; 16006. B. chengkangensis ;
16135. B. Hainla; 16249. S. venulosa; 16290. S. venulosa; 16375. Pe. racemosus; 16563. S.
venulosa; 16661. Ac. evodiaefolius; 16666. B. fatsioides; 16894. Pe. racemosus; 17207. Ac.
evodiaefolius; 17278. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 17622. Ar. Thomsonii; 17766. Ac. trifoliatus ;
17767. Ac. trifoliatus; 17809. S. Delavayi; 17940. S. shweliensis; 17960. S. minutistellata;
18283. N. Delavayi; 19136. Me. Listeri; 19162. B. glomerulata; 19290, Pa. pseudo-ginseng ;
19445. Ac. evodiaefolius; 19475. S. tenuis; 19476. Me. Listeri; 19477. S. elata; 19578. Pe.
Leschenaultii; 19584. Pe. Leschenaultii; 19603. Ar. chinensis; 19683. Pa. pseudo-ginseng ;
20000. S. shweliensis; 20009. B. fatsioides; 20050. Pe. Leschenaultii; 20118. S. impressa;
20133. Me. Listeri; 20156. B. glomerulata var. brevipedicellata; 20158. B. acuminata; 20159.
B. acuminata; 20163. Ma. undulatus; 20169. De. Chevalieri; 20174. Me. chinensis; 20203.
S. Hoi; 20250. Ac. evodiaefolius; 20382. De. Chevalieri; 20487. Ma. undulatus; 20547. Hed.
nepalensis var, sinensis; 20584. De. Chevalieri; 20875. B. hispida; 20980. S. shweliensis ;
21006. Hed. nepalensis var. sinensis; 21029. Ar. chinensis; 21034. S. Wardii; 22058. B.
Hainla; 22448. Pa. pseudo-ginseng; 22458. Ar. atropurpurea; 23059. N. Delavayi; 23103.
K. pictus; 23116. S. dumicola; 23129. Me. Listeri; 23247. Pa. pseudo-ginseng var. angusti-
folius.
INDEX
New names are printed in bold-face type.
Acanthopanax, 69 Acanthopanax setchuenensis, 73
acerifolius, 92 setulosus, 82
aculeatus, 86 Sieboldianus, 81, 83, 85
asperatus, 76 Simonii, 72, 75
asperulatum, 76 sp., 90
Bockii, 66 spinosus, 69, 83-85
Bodinieri, 53 f. inerme, 84
brachypus, 75 var. pubescens, 85
cissifolius, 78 stenophyllus, 82
Davidii, 66 f. angustissimus, 82
Delavayi, 67 f. dilatatus, 82
divaricatus, 76 ternatus, 88
diversifolius, 66 trifoliatus, 3, 86, 88
Eleutherococcus, 71 var. setosus, 87, 88
Esquirolii, 90 villosulus, 85
evodiaefolius, 88 Wardii, 78, 88
var. ferrugineus, 90 Wilsonii, 81, 83
var. gracilis, 90 ; Yui, 79
Giraldii, 80 Acer pictum, 91
var. inermis, 81 septemlobum, 91
var. pilosulus, 81 Agalma, 15
gracilistylus, 9, 84 elatum, 23
var. nodiflorus, 86 octophyllum, 20
var. pubescens, 85 tomentosum, 22
var. villosulus, 85 Aralia, 101
Henryi, 72, 74 apioides, 102, 104
var. Faberi, 75 armata, 106
Hondae, 84, 85 atropurpurea, 104
var. armatum, 84 bipinnata, 107
var. inerme, 84 bipinnatifida, 118
japonicus, 83. Bodinieri, 67
Koreanus, 90 caesia, 100, 113
lasiogyne, 78, 88 canescens, 107
leucorrhizus, 72, 74, 75 chinensis, 3, 106, 108, 109, 111-113
var. fulvescens, 73 var. canescens, 108, 109
var. scaberulus, 73 var. dasyphylloides, 110, 112
longipes, 73 a elata, 110
nodiflorus, 85, 86 var. glabrescens, 108, 110
pentaphyllus, 83 var. mandschurica, 108
phanerophlebius, 76 yar. nuda, 107, 110, 111
Rehderianus, 83 cissifolia, 78
ricinifolius, 91 cordata, 9, 103, 104
var. Maximowiczii, 92 dasyphylla, 112, 114
Rosthornii, 68 Decaisneana, 108, 111, 113
senticosus, 71, 72, 90 dumetorum, 105
f. inermis, 72 echinocaulis, 111
f. subinermis, 72 edulis, 104
sepium, 86 elata, 107
septemlobus, 91 Fargesii, 102-104, 114
var. magnificus, 92 var. yunnanensis, 103
var. Maximowiczii, 92 Finlaysoniana, 106
sessiliflorus, 77, 78 foliolosa, 106
var. parviceps, 78 ginseng, 116
131
132
Aralia glomerulata, 58
Henryi, 102-104
hypoleuca, 107
Labordei, 116
Mairei, 14
mandshurica, 107
manshurica, 107
Maximowiczii, 92
nutans, 104
octophylla, 20
palmata, 91
papyrifera, 14
pentaphylla, 83
pilosa, 102
Planchoniana, 111, 112
plumosa, 114
pseudo-ginseng, 117
var. angustifolia, 118
quinquefolia, 116
var. angustifolia, 118
var. elantior, 117, 118
var. ginseng, 116
var. major, 119
var. notoginseng, 117, 118
var. pseudo-ginseng, 117, 118
Searelliana, 108
sp., 90
spinifolia, 105
spinosa, 101, 107, 109, 111
var. canescens, 107
var. glabrescens, 108
staphyleina, 113
stipulata, 110
Thomsonii, 112
tomentella, 97, 98
trifoliata, 86
undulata, 107
Wilsonii, 104, 113, 114
yunnanensis, 103, 113, 114
var. reticulata, 114
Brassaiopsis, 51
aculeata, 58
acuminata, 57
chengkangensis, 56
ciliata, 53, 55
coriacea, 60
dumicola, 54
fatsioides, 53-55
ficifolia, 54
floribunda, 58
glomerulata, 25, 51, 58
var. brevipedicellata, 59
var. coriacea, 60
var. longipedicellata, 60
var, subovata, 59
gracilis, 56
Hainla, 52, 60
hispida, 53, 54
var. chinensis, 54
Hookeri, 60
mitis, 55
SARGENTIA [2
Brassaiopsis palmata, 52, 53, 60
palmipes, 54
papayoides, 60
ricinifolia, 91
shweliensis, 58
speciosa, 51, 58
trevesioides, 55
tripteris, 56, 76
Cephalopanax sessiliflorum, 77
Dendropanax, 38
acuminatissimus, 43, 48
angustilobus, 43, 45, 49
Chevalieri, 39, 42, 43, 45, 48, 51
var. dentigerus, 41
confertus, 42
dentigerus, 41
ferrugineus, 47
hainanensis, 47
inflatus, 45
japonicus, 39
kwangsiensis, 45
Listeri, 62-64
Maingayi, 45
oligodontus, 42, 43
parviflorus, 43, 45, 48, 49
pendulus, 38
productus, 44 ;
proteus, 43, 47-49, 51
stellatus, 42
Dimorphanthus, 101
edulis, 104
elatus, 107
mandshuricus, 107
Diplopanax, 36
stachyanthus, 36
Eleutherococcus Bodinieri, 90
brachypus, 75
cissifolius, 78
Giraldii, 80
var. inermis, 81
Henryi, 74
japonicus, 83
Koreanus, 90
leucorrhizus, 72, 75
var. fulvescens, 73
var. scaberulus, 73
Mairei, 110
melanocarpa, 90
pentaphyllus, 83
Rehderianus, 83
senticosus, 71
f. inermis, 72
8 subinermis, 72
setchuenensis, 73
Simonii, 75
sp., 75
stenophyllus, 82
Wilsonii, 81
Evodiopanax evodiaefolius, 88
var. ferrugineus, 90
.
1942]
Fatsia Cavalerieri, 13
japonica, 1
papyrifera, 14
Gastonia palmata, 13
Gilibertia, 38
acuminatissima, 48
angustiloba, 43
Chevalieri, 39
dentigera, 41
INDEX
Heptapleurum venulosum, 34
Wallichianum, 36
Heteropanax, 93
brevipedicellatus, 94
chinensis, 95
fragrans, 93
var. attenuatus, 94
var. chinensis, 95
var. subcordatus, 94
var. anodonta, 39
hainanensis, 47
intercedens, 39, 41
Listeri, 63
membranifolia, 63
myriantha, 63, 64
palmata, 13
parviflora, 45
protea, 48
siamensis, 41
sinensis, 39, 41, 51
trifida, 39
Hedera, 49
elata, 23
floribunda, 58
fragrans, 93
var. typica, 94
Hainla, 52
Helix, 49, 51
himalaica, 49, 51
var. sinensis, 49
Leschenaultii, 96, 98
nepalensis var. chinensis, 9
var. sinensis, 49
parasitica, 99
parviflora, 45
pendula, 38
protea, 48
senticosus, 71
sinensis, 49
subcordata, 96
tomentosa, 22
trifoliata, 98
undulata, 61
Heptapleurum, 15
arboricolum, 33
Bodinieri, 21
Cavalerieri, 34
Delavayi, 27
Dunnianum, 27
elatum, 23
Esquirolii, 67
Fargesii, 36
Hoi, 30
hypoleucum, 24
var. hypochlorum, 25
impressum, 22
khasianum, 35
macrophyllum, 22
octophyllum, 20
productum, 23
tripteris, 56
Kalopanax, 90
divaricatus, 76
pictus, 9, 91
var. magnificus, 92
var. Maximowiczii, 92
var. typicus, 91
ricinifolius, 91
var. chinensis, 91
var. magnificus, 92
var. Maximowiczii, 92
var. typicus, 91
septemlobus var. magnificus, 92
var. ‘Maximowiczii, 92
Macropanax, 60
concinnus, 61
floribundus, 61
glomerulatum, 58
oreophilus, 61, 62
undulatus, 61
var. simplex, 62
Merrilliopanax, 62
chinensis, 65
Listeri, 63, 65
Mesopanax proteus, 48
Nothopanax, 65
Bockii, 66, 67
Davidii, 66, 68
Delavayi, 67-69
diversifolius, 66
fruticosus, 66
latifolius, 66, 67
membranifolius, 63, 64
Rosthornii, 68
Oreopanax, 18
chinensis, 17
Panax, 116
aculeatus, 86
armatus, 106
bipinnatifidus, 118
Davidii, 66
Delavayi, 67
divaricatus, 76
fallax, 119
Finlaysonianus, 106
foliolosus, 106
fragrans, 93
fruticosus, 66, 116
ginseng, 116
japonicus, 117
Loureiranus, 86
palmata, 60
133
134
Panax pseudo-ginseng, 116, 117
var. angustifolius, 118
var. bipinnatifidus, 118
var. major, 119
quinquefolius, 116
ricinifolius, 91
schin-seng, 9, 116, 117
sessiliflorus, 77
spinosus, 69, 83
tomentosum, 22
trifoliatus, 116
Paratrophia cantoniensis, 20
venulosa, 34
Wallichiana, 36
Pentapanax, 96
Forrestii, 99
Henryi, 97
var. Larium, 97, 98
wangshanensis, 98
Larium, 97
Leschenaultii, 96, 98
var. Forrestii, 99
parasiticus, 99
racemosus, 97
subcordatus, 96, 97
truncicolus, 99
verticillatus, 100
yunnanensis, 100, 113
Peucedanum decursivum, 119
Plectronia chinensis, 86
Plerandra jatrophifolia, 1
Schefflera, 15
arboricola, 33, 34
Bodinieri, 18, 21
cephalota, 18
chinensis, 17, 19
Delavayi, 27, 29
var. ochrascens, 28
digitata, 15
discolor, 28
diversifoliolata, 26
dumicola, 30
elata, 23
elliptica, 32, 34, 35
Fargesii, 36
fukienensis, 34
glomerulata, 32, 36
SARGENTIA
e
Schefflera hainanensis, 25
Hoi, 30
var. macrophylla, 31
hypoleuca, 19, 23, 24
hypoleucoides, 19
impressa, 22
khasiana, 35
kwangsiensis, 32, 33
macrophylla, 22
megalobotrya, 27
Metcalfiana, 25
minutistellata, 24, 26
multinervia, 29
octophylla, 9, 20
pauciflora, 32, 36
producta, 23
salweenensis, 30, 31
shweliensis, 29
sp., 90
stenomera, 30
tenuis, 32, 33
tomentosa, 22
venulosa, 33, 34
Wallichiana, 36
Wangii, 18
Wardii, 29
yunnanensis, 32
Sciodaphyllum, 15
ellipticum, 35
Tetrapanax, 14
papyriferus, 9, 14
ricinifolius, 91
Textoria, 38
dentigera, 41
hainanensis, 47
parviflora var. acuminatissima, 48
var. typica, 45
protea, 48
sinensis, 39
Toddalia asiatica, 116
Trevesia, 12
palmata, 13, 60
var. cheirantha, 13
var. costata, 14
Tupidanthus, 12
calyptratus, 12
Zanthoxylum trifoliatum, 3, 86, 87
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